Datasets:

pszemraj

/

flan-subsets-deduped

like 3

In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words. Many types of relations in physical, biological, social and information systems can be modeled as homogeneous or heterogeneous concept graphs. Hence, learning from and with graph embeddings has drawn a great deal of research interest recently, but only ad hoc solutions have been obtained this far. In this paper, we conjecture that the one-shot supervised learning mechanism is a bottleneck in improving the performance of the graph embedding learning algorithms, and propose to extend this by introducing a multi-shot unsupervised learning framework. Empirical results on several real-world data set show that the proposed model consistently and significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches on knowledge base completion and graph based multi-label classification tasks.

Generalized Graph Embedding Models

fc-sni-scitldr

a3d7b1374bb198f38c561e0e4aea834506c55a65df12a5c549ac30c57c7f2e86

Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a title for this text. The title should start with "TIFU by", followed by a situation that caused humor. The title should contain 7-12 words, ideally. Text: and finding the fridge door open when i got home 13 hours later. fortunately there was very little in it to spoil, had to buy some more cheese and milk and i'm a bit suspicious of the yoghurt drinks.

TIFU by making myself a sandwich for work this morning

fc-sni-reddit_tifu_dataset

131a92f3cd437e2d98d1a7d395b8b5e1b59a7cbf751f4f4185499bb58972ba49

Q: You are given a sentence, a question and two answer options ('A' and 'B'). Your task is to find the correct answer (return the string of the correct option, not 'A' or 'B') for the given question. Sentence: When Milo rubs his spatula over his aluminum pan it heats up less then when he rubs it over his iron pan. Question: Which pan does the spatula move faster over? (A) iron pan (B) aluminum pan A:

aluminum pan

fc-sni-quarel

9eef20b3b9c31455b5e92ec1df360fe8cd29fca72105fd88926cc4358438fcf4

You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review. One example: I have bought several of the Vitality canned dog food products and have found them all to be of good quality. The product looks more like a stew than a processed meat and it smells better. My Labrador is finicky and she appreciates this product better than most. Solution is here: Positive Explanation: It's a positive review because the owner of the dog is satisfied with the product and mentioned that their dog appreciates the product. Now, solve this: I purchased this product and tried it for a few days to see if I could get use to the taste. I've used a lot of Splenda and like it. I've started low carbing and wanted to cut the carbs out that are included in Splenda. I've used this in ice tea and it tastes bitter . I've tried it for 3 days now, and I still get the bitter taste after drinking it. I did a little research online and have heard the same complaints from some other users. The problem is believed to be all the preservatives that are added. I thought I was getting pure sucralose and didnt realize there are added preservatives to this product. I have since found that there is one website that sells pure liquid sucralose with no added preservatives. Some people buy powdered sucralose and make their own liquid using only purified water. I hope this helps. Solution:

Negative

fc-sni-amazon_fine_food_reviews

19af5bed3ee4375b5c817b650294682c7dad7f81d56a54e0072904262624b27a

Your task is to generate the next utterance in a given dialogue. You will be given a few sentences describing the personality of the person who is making the dialogue, and a history of the dialogue after that. Each line in the history is said by one of the two participants in the conversation. Personality: I am trying to write an ebook on animals. I'm recently divorced. I am a huge fan of dogs. I wish to buy a corvette when I retire. I work as a mall cop. Chat history: -Hello how are you tonight. -I'm good. Just got in from my bartending job. -I'd love to go to the bar and overcome my divorce. -I am sorry to hear that. You should come to the bar and chat. -I'd love to do that. -Maybe we should just go to dinner. I can show you some great vegetarian places! -I would be willing to do that I love dogs so I don't need meat. -I actually quit eating meat in the marines. -That is interesting I am just a security guard. -Well I am not in the marines anymore, just the bartending and reading books in my spare time. -I want to get a nice car and drive the coast. -That sounds like it would be a lot of fun! Yes it would it would be great. Personality: I go to yoga. I used to be a meat eater but I'm now a vegan. Watching sports is fun. I aspire to be a millionaire. Chat history: -Its so hard for me to shop in stores, I've a break down. -You should try yoga, its very relaxing and relieves stress. -I want to but its hard to relax, thank goodness my dad use to be a cop. -Why do you find it hard to relax? -I was held up in a store. -What do you mean by held up? -Hostage, it was a robbery in the store I was selling furniture too. -Must have been a traumatic experience! Did the robber get caught? -Yes, I tried to block it with bowling, got a big score of 300 twice. -Bowling? crazy! So you like sports? -I just like to make furniture. I see, what kind of furniture? Personality: My favorite drink is Cuba libre. I work as a stand up comedian. I had a gig at local theater last night. I did a few small roles in tv series. Chat history: -Hey how are you doing? -Good currently drinking one of my fave drinks. Its a Cuba libre. -Cool, what is your fav tv show? -I enjoy a new show called living with Martin. But I'm biased cuz I'm in it. -Wow you are a part of the show? -Yea but I only play in a few small roles. Not a star yet lol. -That is still really cool! I fav show is the walking dead. -Never seen it. I will have to check it out. -Its really entertaining, I also love to read do you?

I do in my spare time. I'm usually out late though. I'm a comedian as well.

fc-sni-personachat

4d164a1564e9e92bce27377cb31b884c9ca43c7a9f5a626986b0511e8a65f92e

instruction: The input contains a debate topic, an argument on the topic and a keypoint, separated by "<sep>". Your task is to answer if the keypoint matches the argument and summarizes exactly what the argument means, in the context of the given topic. question: Topic: We should adopt libertarianism<sep>Argument: Because it protects the rights of the individual to live as they see fit, it promotes acceptance of the rights of all individuals within society, creating a more inclusive society.<sep>Keypoint: Libertarianism increases individual freedom/liberties answer: True question: Topic: We should abandon marriage<sep>Argument: Marriage is one of the fundamental pillars to be able to form a family<sep>Keypoint: Marriage benefits children answer: False question: Topic: We should legalize sex selection<sep>Argument: Its unnatural. you shouldn't have the right or ability to choose or abort based solely on sex. this can lead to complete disproportionate numbers if people decide to favor one sex over the other.<sep>Keypoint: Sex selection is against tradition answer:

False

fc-sni-argkp

caff644e6612523b18998561656a355966389a3f432584e309ba232b67b77775

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given the title of a five-sentence story, the first four sentences, and two options for the fifth sentence as a and b. Your job is to pick the sentence option that seamlessly connects with the rest of the story, indicating your choice as 'a' or 'b'. If both sentences are plausible, pick the one that makes more sense. Problem:Title: Will a new baby help us?. Sentence 1: Moana and Carl were together for 6 years. Sentence 2: They had 2 kids together, 1 boy and 1 girl. Sentence 3: Their relationship has been in trouble for 3 of those 6 years. Sentence 4: They decided to have a baby to see if it would bring them closer. Choices: a. Unfortunately,having a new baby made things worse and they broke up. b. After the sauna was done he decided on going again tomorrow! Solution:

a

fc-sni-rocstories

39c250e228e07d008080c3fb3b4936c0f865ba320266818b6e01e13bb6862d8c

Detailed Instructions: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match. Problem:This novel's opening contains a musing on the fact that people establish a cemetery and a prison as the first two buildings when they build a new colony. In one scene from this novel, a meteor streaming across the sky is interpreted to have a differing meaning by the townsfolk and by a group of three people who see it from atop a scaffold. This novel's main character is unable to stand in the sun while in the forest with her daughter, Pearl. This is, allegorically, because of her affair with Arthur Dimmesdale. For 10 points, name this Nathaniel Hawthorne novel in which Hester Prynne wears the titular badge to signify her adultery. Solution:

Literature

fc-sni-qanta

3ee7a9bcddafdcf205cc9633a130bf4fa7e078fbc4f00b43c79dd2af1cb0b57a

TASK DEFINITION: Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence. PROBLEM: How many studies or like academic majors does the university grant in total? SOLUTION: How many academic majors does the university grant in total? PROBLEM: When did no no didn't British begin to build fort under William Trent? SOLUTION: When didn't British begin to build fort under William Trent? PROBLEM: Why might customers say umm order online or umm from internet pharmacies? SOLUTION:

Why might customers order from internet pharmacies?

fc-sni-disfl_qa

477e93d690501e8e2e94ad94ce140d71c536295d006ae70f5945b4e45b36e418

In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length. Q: The tobacco plants ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) carrying the HBsAg gene controlled by ( Aocs ) 3 AmasPmas, the hybrid promoter that includes regulatory elements of the agrobacterial octopine and mannopine synthase genes, as well as plants controlled by the same promoter and adh 1 , maize alcohol dehydrogenase gene intron were obtained. The presence of the adh 1 gene intron did not significantly change the level of expression of the cC s A g gene in plants. The analysis of expression of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs-antigen) in transformed plants expressing the cC s A g under the control of different promoters was made. The level of HBs-antigen in plants carrying the HBsAg gene controlled by ( Aocs ) 3 AmasPmas, the hybrid agrobacterium-derived promoter, was the highest in roots and made up to 0.01% of total amount of soluble protein. The level of HBs-antigen in plants carrying the HBsAg gene controlled by the dual 35S RNA cauliflower mosaic virus promoter was the same in all organs of the plant and made up to 0.06% of the total amount of soluble protein. Hairy root and callus cultures of plants carrying the HBsAg gene and expressing the HBs-antigen were obtained. A:

Tissue Specific Expression of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen in Transgenic Plant Cells and Tissue Culture

fc-sni-coda_19

2be4082d7890f094d9d7a87feefad05829328d0d191b4424097ef9def4ca1243

In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer. Do not ask questions that can be answered correctly without understanding the paragraph or having multiple answers. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. For each of your questions, the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph, and it should be unambiguous. Ex Input: Passage: In February 1828, shortly before his 41st birthday, Etty soundly defeated John Constable by 18 votes to five to become a full Royal Academician, at the time the highest honour available to an artist. By this time, complaints about his supposed indecency were beginning to resurface. All but one of the 15 paintings Etty exhibited at the Royal Academy in the 1820s had included at least one nude figure, and Etty was acquiring a reputation for using respectable themes as a pretext for nudity.For the 1828 Summer Exhibition Etty exhibited three pictures; The World Before the Flood, Venus, the Evening Star and Guardian Cherubs. (The latter was a portrait of the children of Welbore Ellis Agar, 2nd Earl of Normanton, and was the only non-nude painting exhibited by Etty at the RA in the 1820s.) Although similar to his earlier works, they were technically more accomplished. Both The World Before the Flood and Venus attracted positive reviews in the press and were sold during their exhibition for substantial sums, although the purchase by the Marquess of Stafford of The World Before the Flooda work containing scantily clad figures of both sexesdrew a pointed comment in The Gentleman's Magazine that it "will serve to accompany the private Titians of that nobleman". Despite the increasing number of complaints in the press about his use of nudity, respect for Etty from his fellow artists continued to rise, and in 1828 the British Institution awarded him 100 in recognition of his talent. As soon as the 1828 Summer Exhibition was over, Etty stopped work on other projects to concentrate on a diploma piece, without which he could not become a Royal Academician. This piece, Sleeping Nymph and Satyrs, was presented to the Academy in October, and in December 1828 Etty became a Royal Academician. It appears to me then that virtuous happiness being our lawful aim in life, that having Academic Rank and Fame the next thing to be considered (if God approve) is to seek that Decent Competency which shall make my latter days comfortable and happy, which I hope if it please Him, to be able to do by the time I am fiftyby occasionally mixing with my historic pictures a Portrait or two, and to vary and extend my spherea classic Landscape or two so that if I can get about 100 a year I may be enabled to retire to my dear native city and spend my latter days in peace. Ex Output: What is the exact title of the diploma piece without which Etty could not become a Royal Academician? Ex Input: Passage: Going west where gold is being found, Jan Morell and wife Mary meet in the Napa, California, valley with his prospector brother Frank, but soon hired gunmen Jack Welch and Hank Purvis steal the gold they have panned and kill Mary. In town, Frank is killed, as well, and Jan seriously wounded. He is cared for by Felipe de Ortega and sister Elena, who explain that Welch and Purvis work for dishonest Mayor Thomas Ainsworth, who also stole the Ortega family's land and property. An approval of statehood for California could restore law and order, as well as citizens' rights. Elena fears for their safety, but Jan joins forces with Felipe's men to create havoc in Ainsworth's life, rustling horses and stealing money. A new U.S. marshal, Henderson, places a $5,000 reward on him, but Jan nevertheless captures Purvis and threatens to lynch him if he does not confess to Ainsworth's misdeeds. Elizabeth Ainsworth now begins to understand her father's corrupt ways. As the gunfighting intensifies, both Welch and Felipe are killed. Jan is arrested and faces the hangman, but Henderson believes in his innocence and is able to release him when statehood wins approval and a general amnesty is granted. Jan and Elena plan a new life together. Ex Output: What is the first name of the person who hired someone to kill Mary? Ex Input: Passage: On March 14, 1913, the Indiana General Assembly adopted "On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away" as the official state song. The song's lyrics and required uses were added to the Indiana Code. The state song was the first official symbol of Indiana, adopted four years before the state flag. In 1925 Indiana General Assembly passed legislation that required Indiana's public school teachers to teach the song as part of their curriculum. That same year the New York Times reported that 20,000 copies of the song were distributed to the state's public school teachers. The song is often played at major sporting events, including the Indianapolis 500.Although "On the Banks of Wabash, Far Away" is Indiana's official song, "Back Home Again in Indiana" is more widely used and is falsely believed by many to be the state song. One of the leading causes of the state song's fall into obscurity was a change in its use at the Indianapolis 500 during the 1940s. "On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away" is played at the event as the race cars move into their starting positions, a period that receives little television coverage, while "Back Home Again in Indiana" is sung just before the start of the race and is broadcast publicly. The change to singing "Back Home Again in Indiana" at public events continued in the following years, and it is often played in the place of "On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away" at state college football games and other prominent events. In 1997, to commemorate the song's centennial anniversary, the Indiana General Assembly passed a resolution reconfirming "On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away" as the state's official song and urged state institutions to make more use of it and return it to popularity. Ex Output:

In what year did the song that was adopted as the state song of Indiana get reconfirmed?

fc-sni-quoref

339f141c71741eb3ec8d1b3160567ed3d152d93178c8410cfb0452105bd243df

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a context paragraph of the tweet and question. Your task is to generate right answer of given question based on given context tweet paragraph. Problem:Context: Seeing how HOT @JLo looked tonight makes me a lil less scared about my 40's... it also makes me want her trainer to train ME! #damngirl #AMAs Jennifer Tisdale (@jenkellytisdale) November 24, 2014 Question: who wants jlo's trainer to work for them? Solution:

jennifer tisdale

fc-sni-tweetqa

69893021386c21785c0a14b2f50ea3e489397d60adc8142ef63d2306e7d97f43

In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted. Q: literally refer to the possibility for rehabilitation. Finally, the jury instructions unambiguously permitted consideration of any mitigating evidence, unlike the recent situation in Payton, 299 F.3d at 824 (invalidating earlier jury instructions as too vague to guarantee that the jury considered post-conviction rehabilitation). Taken as a whole, there is no "reasonable likelihood" that the jury was prevented from considering constitutionally relevant evidence. Id. at 823 (quoting Boyde v. California, 494 U.S. 370, 380, 110 S.Ct. 1190, 108 L.Ed.2d 316 (1990)). VI Finally, Beardslee argues that the cumulative impact of multiple errors entitles him to relief. The district court did not rule on this claim, though it is cognizable. See Karis v. Calderon, 283 F.3d 1117, 1132 (9th Cir.2002) (<HOLDING>); Ceja v. Stewart, 97 F.3d 1246, 1254 (9th Holding statements: (A) recognizing possibility of problems but holding there was no rule 403 violation in admitting statistics (B) recognizing that the possibility of a tradeoff between merits relief and attorneys fees is often implicit in class action settlement negotiations (C) holding that apparent eligibility exists where the record raises a reasonable possibility that the petitioner may be eligible for relief (D) recognizing the possibility that a defendant could have been prejudiced by the actual conduct of a codefendants defense (E) recognizing the possibility but denying relief A:

(E)

fc-sni-casehold

538f4bc6dd582fc3be104e2fe26e49714fb43c476a50c466c9b8b0f280a0faf6

instruction: Given a math problem with context and a question and 5 answer choices, the task is to provide the correct answer choice based on the problem. You must choose one of the given answer choices by letter: a, b, c, d, or e; anything else is invalid. question: Problem: a, b, c can complete a piece of work in 24, 8,12 days. working together, they complete the same work in how many days ? Options: a. 4, b. 4 / 5, c. 7 / 9, d. 10, e. 24 / 7 answer: a question: Problem: if price of t. v set is reduced by 20 %, then its sale increases by 80 %, find net effect on sale value Options: a. 44, b. 45, c. 46, d. 47, e. 48 answer: a question: Problem: h is a positive integer and 225 and 216 are both divisors of h. if h = ( 2 ^ a. * ( 3 ^ b. * ( 5 ^ c., where a, b and c are positive integers, what is the least possible value of a + b + c ? Options: a. 4, b. 8, c. 6, d. 7, e. 5 answer:

b

fc-sni-math_qa

f96aef1ddd67543fa267a5b3c024654ef5b5a57aa36388d8a9b7d3b92366ab9d

Given a sentence, generate what should be the most likely next statement. The next statement should be reasonable and logically correct. [Q]: People are playing soccer in an indoor arena. A man [A]: is talking in front of the players. [Q]: Someone's in an army recruitment center looking at the posters. A gray haired man in a sergeant's uniform [A]: sits at a desk with a poster of someone behind him. [Q]: An athlete is seen standing ready in the middle of a small circle and then throws a shot put off into the distance. The man walks away shaking his arms and his throw [A]:

is shown again several times.

fc-sni-swag

77b27c078c483020678547effeb25d7e80b7110e91d22153edeee33f2f0bf3b4

Teacher:In this task, you are given Wikipedia articles on a range of topics, we ask you to write a question based on the content of the articles that can be answered in a binary manner i.e. True or False. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Speaker of the United States House of Representatives -- The Constitution does not require the Speaker to be an elected member of the House of Representatives, although every Speaker thus far has been. The Speaker is second in the United States presidential line of succession, after the Vice President and ahead of the President pro tempore of the Senate. Student:

does the speaker of the house have to be a representative

fc-sni-boolq

a60cca981376880ebc92f70b0b491d1e6e0543c8db8d189a32bd0a652f92840c

In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. Once you create a question you also need to provide the correct answer for it. Write your answer like "Question: your question, Answer: your answer". The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Short answers containing words that are present in the passage are preferred. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is a factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage. Example input: Twenty-year-old Will Hunting of South Boston is a self-taught, genius-level intellect, though he works as a janitor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and spends his free time drinking with his friends, Chuckie (Ben Affleck), Billy (Cole Hauser) and Morgan (Casey Affleck). When Professor Gerald Lambeau (Stellan Skarsgard) posts a difficult mathematics problem as a challenge for his graduate students, Will solves the problem anonymously, stunning both the graduate students and Lambeau himself. As a challenge to the unknown genius, Lambeau posts an even more difficult problem. Lambeau chances upon Will solving the problem but Will flees the scene. That night at a bar, Will meets Skylar (Minnie Driver), a British student about to graduate from Harvard, who plans on attending medical school at Stanford and gives Will her phone number before leaving. Example output: Question: How old is Will Hunting in the movie ?, Answer: Twenty years Example explanation: This is a good question which results in a factoid answer, and the answer is correct too. Q: The film shows in parallel two periods in the life of Raimundo Nonato (Joao Miguel): one follows his successful career as a cook, the other as a prisoner in a cell with about ten other convicts. It gradually becomes clear that these events happen after the former.His period as a cook starts when he arrives by bus in a big city, without a place to sleep nor money for food. After eating chicken snacks in a cafetaria, he has to wash the dishes to pay for it and is eventually offered a job, receiving merely food and lodging as payment, even though the snacks he cooks are so good it attracts more customers. Nonato falls in love with Iria, a gluttonous prostitute, who offers her services in exchange for food. He also gets a better job in an Italian restaurant, where he learns more of cooking from his boss Giovanni. One day he finds Giovanni having sex with Iria, despite he having proposed to her earlier. Enraged, he steals and drinks from his boss' prized wine collection, before murdering them both and cannibalizing a slice of meat removed from Iria's buttocks.In the prison cell there is a power hierarchy with Bujiu (Babu Santana) at the top. The food is poor, and Nonato is assigned to cook better food. The inmates are usually quite satisfied with it, and Nonato rises in the hierarchy. However, Bujiu rejects Gorgonzola, raw meat, and cooked ants, much to Raimundo's frustration. When top-criminal Etcetera, who is highly regarded by the inmates, arrives, Bujiu decides that a great meal should be cooked to please him. The main prison kitchen is arranged for the occasion, an event which Nonato takes advantage of to poison Bujiu, ultimately leading to him becoming the leader of his cell. A:

Question: where did Raimundo Nonato cook at the end?, Answer: In prison

fc-sni-duorc

bb3f977ea5748ed78e4eddab7ab6c5e4a3b120f65947ed7c9947ef636a4586ba

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length. Q: Rationale: Experimental evidence suggests that CDHR3 (cadherin-related family member 3) is a receptor for rhinovirus (RV)-C, and a missense variant in this gene (rs6967330) is associated with childhood asthma with severe exacerbations. Objectives: To determine whether rs6967330 influences RV-C infections and illnesses in early childhood. Methods: We studied associations between rs6967330 and respiratory infections and illnesses in the COPSAC 2010 (Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010) and COAST (Childhood Origins of Asthma Birth Cohort Study) birth cohorts, where respiratory infections were monitored prospectively for the first 3 years of life. Nasal samples were collected during acute infections in both cohorts and during asymptomatic periods in COAST and analyzed for RV-A, RV-B, and RV-C, and other common respiratory viruses. Measurements and Main Results: The CDHR3 asthma risk allele (rs6967330-A) was associated with increased risk of respiratory tract illnesses (incidence risk ratio [IRR] = 1.14 [95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.23]; P = 0.003). In particular, this variant was associated with risk of respiratory episodes with detection of RV-C in COPSAC 2010 (IRR = 1.89 [1.14-3.05]; P = 0.01) and in COAST (IRR = 1.37 [1.02-1.82]; P = 0.03) children, and in a combined meta-analysis (IRR = 1.51 [1.13-2.02]; P = 0.006). In contrast, the variant was not associated with illnesses related to other viruses (IRR = 1.07 [0.92-1.25]; P = 0.37). Consistent with these observations, the CDHR3 variant was associated with increased detection of RV-C, but not of other viruses during scheduled visits at specific ages. Conclusions: The CDHR3 asthma risk allele is associated specifically with RV-C illnesses in two birth cohorts. This clinical evidence supports earlier molecular evidence indicating that CDHR3 functions as an RV-C receptor, and raises the possibility of preventing RV-C infections by targeting CDHR3. A:

Cadherin-related Family Member 3 Genetics and Rhinovirus C Respiratory Illnesses

fc-sni-coda_19

6664a98360fe8e00c46cc78371f93c1ee4122e84984df7d2363a1ded8e585af0

Detailed Instructions: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match. Problem:He was removed from his post as rector of the University of Salamanca when he opposed the government of Primo de Rivera, and was exiled to the Canary Islands. Then he was restored, but after expressing anti-Franco sentiment, he was placed under house arrest and died two months later. The death of his son early in life also plagued him, causing him to question the existence of God. Identify this Spanish author and philosopher, the leading member of the Generacion del 98 whose works, FTP, include Vida de Don Quijote y Sancho and Niebla. Solution:

Literature

fc-sni-qanta

b88d84f94b74bf34ae308bbfc98b53d1772bc2558da29d06cb350c213fa4fe3f

In this task, you're given a sentence and your task is to generate a simplified sentence that focuses on lexical paraphrasing from the original sentence given in the input. various objection were raised to this scheme , and the corporation refused to allow tram lines to be laid in the high street and above bar.

various objection were raised to this scheme and the coropration refused to allow tram lines to be laid in the high street and above bar.

fc-sni-turk

5ab38deab337c47ac3fb49af438243f86fc4f963f4517bd8b8ec6665dbe92694

Q: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage. Context: We study the Azospirillum brasilense tolerance to water deficit and the dynamics of adaptive process at the level of the membrane.', 'Azospirillum brasilense was exposed to polyethylene glycol (PEG) growth and PEG shock. Tolerance, phospholipids and fatty acid (FA) composition and membrane fluidity were determined. Azospirillum brasilense was able to grow in the presence of PEG; however, its viability was reduced. Cells grown with PEG showed membrane fluidity similar to those grown without, the lipid composition was modified, increasing phosphatidylcholine and decreasing phosphatidylethanolamine amounts. The unsaturation FAs degree was reduced. The dynamics of the adaptive response revealed a decrease in fluidity 20min after the addition of PEG, indicating that the PEG has a fluidizing effect on the hydrophobic region of the cell membrane. Fluidity returned to initial values after 60min of PEG exposure. Answer: Azospirillum brasilense is able to perceive osmotic changes by changing the membrane fluidity. This effect is offset by changes in the composition of membrane phospholipid and FA, contributing to the homeostasis of membrane fluidity under water deficit. A:

Is reorganization of Azospirillum brasilense cell membrane mediated by lipid composition adjustment to maintain optimal fluidity during water deficit?

fc-sni-pubmed_qa

38c123a3197aa4352fb59e45fb568b8d244f7881ac3e1f1d11456cb4e85bc02b

In this task, you will be presented with a question and you have to answer the question based on your knowledge. Your answers should be as short as possible. Ex Input: At which venue did the future Mladost Zagreb sports director win a gold medal ? Ex Output: Raleigh Runnels Memorial Pool Ex Input: Which Algonquian group once lived in the state once governed by Richard Snelling ? Ex Output: Abenaki Ex Input: In what district is the team who were members of the Midland Football Alliance from 2008 - 2014 located ? Ex Output:

Shirley

fc-sni-hybridqa

e59f2e9214ca1d9ddfabbdd3c14f7baf8a4db777fd92fe6ff5af35eedf54f1c4

In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer. Do not ask questions that can be answered correctly without understanding the paragraph or having multiple answers. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. For each of your questions, the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph, and it should be unambiguous. One example is below. Q: Passage: Nearing London, Oliver encounters Jack Dawkins, a pickpocket more commonly known by the nickname the "Artful Dodger", and his sidekick, a boy of a humorous nature named Charley Bates, but Oliver's innocent and trusting nature fails to see any dishonesty in their actions. The Dodger provides Oliver with a free meal and tells him of a gentleman in London who will "give him lodgings for nothing, and never ask for change". Grateful for the unexpected assistance, Oliver follows the Dodger to the "old gentleman's" residence. In this way Oliver unwittingly falls in with an infamous Jewish criminal known as Fagin, the gentleman of whom the Artful Dodger spoke. Ensnared, Oliver lives with Fagin and his gang of juvenile pickpockets in their lair at Saffron Hill for some time, unaware of their criminal occupations. He believes they make wallets and handkerchiefs. A: Who believes Fagin's gang make wallets and handkerchiefs?. Rationale: This question is based on the following sentence in the passage "He believes they make wallets and handkerchiefs". It evaluates the understanding that the pronoun "he" refers to name "Oliver". You can ask questions like this one about most pronouns in a paragraph. Q: Passage: The Arabs, now firmly in control of Syria and the Levant, sent frequent raiding parties deep into Asia Minor, and in 674678 laid siege to Constantinople itself. The Arab fleet was finally repulsed through the use of Greek fire, and a thirty-years' truce was signed between the Empire and the Umayyad Caliphate. However, the Anatolian raids continued unabated, and accelerated the demise of classical urban culture, with the inhabitants of many cities either refortifying much smaller areas within the old city walls, or relocating entirely to nearby fortresses. Constantinople itself dropped substantially in size, from 500,000 inhabitants to just 40,00070,000, and, like other urban centres, it was partly ruralised. The city also lost the free grain shipments in 618, after Egypt fell first to the Persians and then to the Arabs, and public wheat distribution ceased.The void left by the disappearance of the old semi-autonomous civic institutions was filled by the system called theme, which entailed dividing Asia Minor into "provinces" occupied by distinct armies that assumed civil authority and answered directly to the imperial administration. This system may have had its roots in certain ad hoc measures taken by Heraclius, but over the course of the 7th century it developed into an entirely new system of imperial governance. The massive cultural and institutional restructuring of the Empire consequent on the loss of territory in the 7th century has been said to have caused a decisive break in east Mediterranean Romanness and that the Byzantine state is subsequently best understood as another successor state rather than a real continuation of the Roman Empire. A:

What are the name of the people that attacked Constantinople?

fc-sni-quoref

1e23ca195aa8c58c7a1603369ed03552a89a65d036e8c4ef26402965eb338143

You are provided with a list of converations between a "USER" and "ASSISTANT". Figure out if the conversation provided as "classify_text" is authored by "USER" or "ASSISTANT". There are maximum of 7 conversations between "USER" and "ASSISTANT" in each input Ex Input: ASSISTANT: What kind of movies do you like? , USER: I like mysteries, adventures, and romance the most. , ASSISTANT: Why do you enjoy these genres and is there a specific film? , USER: Let's see. Gosh, there's so many movies I like. I really like Titanic and movies like that that have adventure and romance in them. Let's see. The stars that are in it, as well as the story, and there is you know a lot of action, kind of like I was on the edge of my seat the entire time. , ASSISTANT: Is there a reason why you enjoy that movie? , USER: I like a movie that has a fast pace., classify_text: Is there a movie genre you dislike? Ex Output: ASSISTANT Ex Input: ASSISTANT: What type of movies do you like? , USER: Mostly dramas, or documentaries. , ASSISTANT: why is that? , USER: I just don't like action movies or romantic movies so much. I prefer things based on real life. , ASSISTANT: What is one of your favorite movies? , USER: A Time to Kill, classify_text: why ? Ex Output: ASSISTANT Ex Input: ASSISTANT: What kinds of movies do you like? , USER: I like adventure movies. , ASSISTANT: Well, tell me why do you like adventure movies , USER: Mostly because it's always a lot of action, a lot of If you're talking about Westerns, there's a lot of horses going around, a lot of gunshots, but adventure and exploring is very important. , ASSISTANT: cool, how about a movie you liked? , USER: I think I like the Mission: Impossible one. It was very very quick and fast-paced., classify_text: Interesting, is there a movie you did not like? Ex Output:

ASSISTANT

fc-sni-coached_conv_pref

024cc17bb3b4ff0fb255afacab8101a1e33d8fb478323c88e46d8297f71433e7

Given an open-ended topic (movie name, a persons name, an event, sports, etc) generate a simple trivia-type question. Example Input: barbarella Example Output: Which actress played the title role in the film Barbarella? Example Input: delamere forest Example Output: Delamere Forest is in which English county? Example Input: dermatitis Example Output:

What is the more common eight letter name of the common human condition known as Seborrheic Dermatitus ?

fc-sni-freebase_qa

0e959cd9e582d25fc4b89bde1e177022ba56e22d56f539a517260733c7e866b8

In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words. Q: The study of phase transition phenomenon of NP complete problems plays an important role in understanding the nature of hard problems. In this paper, we follow this line of research by considering the problem of counting solutions of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (#CSP). We consider the random model, i.e. RB model. We prove that phase transition of #CSP does exist as the number of variables approaches infinity and the critical values where phase transitions occur are precisely located. Preliminary experimental results also show that the critical point coincides with the theoretical derivation. Moreover, we propose an approximate algorithm to estimate the expectation value of the solutions number of a given CSP instance of RB model. A:

Counting Solutions of Constraint Satisfiability Problems: Exact Phase Transitions and Approximate Algorithm

fc-sni-peer_read

93be57d067367e0d2fa4ee877436d42b41b7ed0111e61baab7cddd5e8edc3927

Q: Given a sentence, fill out the missing word with a 'no' or a number (between zero and ten). You should write the numbers with english alphabet, like: four instead of 4. Indian subcontinent is surrounded by ____ seas i.e., in the East, South and West. A:

three

fc-sni-numersense

b47ac4c8db4b31da983a7faff4d71c37465e567a2198fdcfd1a8fd21346dfc7c

instruction: Given a paragraph and a claim, classify it this way: If the claim contradicts the evidence present in the paragraph, classify the claim as '0'. If the claim has multiple supporting *AND* contradicting evidences, classify the claim as '1'. If the claim has supporting evidence and the paragraph is in overall favor of the claim, then classify the claim as '2'. question: Paragraph: Abbott executives said the increase in manufacturing capacity will begin in the second half of this year and make room for the expected U.S. launch of the FreeStyle Libre 2. This next-generation device has been approved in Europe and is now under U.S. regulatory review. Abbott's plans for Libre, its fastest-growing diabetes product, used by 1.5 million people worldwide, will be in focus when the company reports quarterly earnings on Wednesday. Jared Watkin, Abbott's senior vice president for Diabetes Care, said in an interview that scale is a "huge part" of the company's strategy for its glucose monitors. "When you're making disposable diagnostic products, the more you can make, the lower the cost you can produce them at." While the Libre 2 has more features, including alarms for when blood sugar levels swing too low or high, Abbott plans to keep the U.S. price the same as its predecessor, Watkin said. Abbott started in diabetes care as a maker of inexpensive test strips and glucose meters. More recently, the company has sought to expand access to its so-called continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices - traditionally sold to type 1 diabetics in markets with generous insurance coverage. "It's not good enough to bring this to a small, wealthy population. Diabetes is such a global epidemic that you need to bring products that can really make a dent in that," Watkin said. Launched in Europe in 2014 and in the United States three years later, the FreeStyle Libre allows people with diabetes to track blood sugar levels without multiple daily finger sticks. A sensor attached to the back of the upper arm uses a thin filament under the skin to measure glucose every minute. Users check their blood sugar levels throughout the day by waving a reader, or smartphone, over the sensor. Major competitors Medtronic Plc (MDT.N) and Dexcom Inc (DXCM.O) critique the current Libre's lack of automatic alerts that can help diabetics manage their disease. Yet they also are taking steps to introduce cheaper models themselves, executives told Reuters. Libre's sales are expected to reach $1.5 billion this year, the company said. In April, Goldman Sachs estimated the global CGM market could reach $5 billion by 2021, up from $3.7 billion in 2019. Goldman projected Abbott's 2021 sales at $2.7 billion compared to $1.7 billion for Dexcom and $894 million for Medtronic. In the past, CGMs were used almost exclusively by type 1 diabetics, whose bodies do not make insulin and who must inject themselves with the blood-sugar regulating hormone to survive. Increasingly, people with type 2 diabetes - the kind driven by obesity, lack of exercise and genetics - must also closely monitor their blood glucose and use insulin to manage their disease when it is not controlled by other medications and lifestyle changes. For now, Libre users include 1 million type 1 diabetic patients and half a million type 2. That's a tiny sliver of the 425 million people with diabetes worldwide. Although not all diabetics need glucose monitors, "there is an element of scratching the surface at this point," Watkin said. "The need to invest and bring up capacity is, we believe, going to be an ongoing activity for us." Two 14-day Libre sensors, a month's supply, retail for $109. Abbott says most of its patients are commercially insured, and many pay as little as $10 out of pocket. In the United States, the company says, more than half of people in commercial health plans are covered, as well as any eligible diabetic person on Medicare, the federal program for the elderly and disabled. The device is also approved in 45 other countries, including Germany, Japan, Brazil, China and the United Arab Emirates. Medtronic told Reuters it offers a discounted price of $345 per month for uninsured patients. The company estimates that the typical insured patient pays $50 a month. Medicare does not cover the device. Dexcom's G6 sensors retail online, with a discount, at around $350 for a month's supply. Dexcom says 98 percent of all U.S. private insurers cover the device, and patients covered by commercial insurance pay an average of $50-$80 per month for sensors through pharmacies or durable medical equipment suppliers. It is covered by Medicare. Libre's 14-day sensor is also longer-lasting. Dexcom's sensors work for 10 days, and Medtronic's for up to 7. Abbott was also the first company to introduce a product that can be used without routine finger stick tests to validate the sensor's readings a feature Dexcom later matched and Medtronic has not. Dr. Roy Beck, an endocrinologist at the Jaeb Center for Health Research in Tampa, Florida, said that Abbott's FreeStyle Libre is "an excellent sensor" but not as accurate at detecting very low blood sugar as the devices from Dexcom, Medtronic or an implantable CGM made by Senseonics (SENS.A). That makes it less desirable for patients for whom this is a major issue, he said. Beck's center has received research funding from Abbott and Dexcom. Medtronic and Dexcom executives say the current Libre does not compare with their devices when it comes to features such as alerting users to dangerous blood sugar changes and providing comprehensive trend data. "It's the cheapest, but it's not exactly in the same category," said Mike Hill, vice president and general manager of Medtronic's sensor business. Abbott countered that its sensor has best-in-class accuracy, and noted that the next-generation Libre 2 does have optional alarms. Still, Medtronic is considering making a cheaper sensor for patients who don't need all the features of its current continuous monitor, Hill said. And next year, Dexcom plans to launch a cheaper, smaller, 14-day sensor developed in partnership with Verily, Alphabet Inc's (GOOGL.O) life sciences division. Dexcom Chief Executive Kevin Sayer acknowledged that Abbott's pricing strategy will affect the global market over time, and that Dexcom expects its own prices to come down. "We've planned for this," he said. Claim: You see a whole bunch of Korean cars here in the United States, and you don't see any American cars in Korea. answer: 2 question: Paragraph: Through ups and downs in popularity, health troubles and weight fluctuations and the sorts of seismic shifts that take place over decades in the entertainment industry, Lewis always figured out a way to battle back, to reinvent himself, to stay relevant. It's what enduring stars know how to do instinctively; perhaps it's that very drive that makes them stars in the first place. Through it all, Lewis remained the consummate showman, and his distinctive comic legacy surely will continue to survive for decades to come. The manic, rubber-faced performer who jumped and hollered to fame in a stage, radio, TV and film partnership with Dean Martin, settled to become a self-conscious auteur in movies he wrote, produced and directed, and found new fame as the tireless, teary host of the annual muscular dystrophy telethons, died Sunday at home in Las Vegas surrounded by family. He was 91. Lewis, who had battled the lung disease pulmonary fibrosis, heart issues, a debilitating back problem and addiction to pain killers, died of natural causes, according to his publicist. His career spanned the history of show business in the 20th century, beginning in his parents' vaudeville act at the age of 5. He was just 20 when his pairing with Martin made them international stars. After their cold parting in 1956, Lewis made such favorites as "The Bellboy" and "The Nutty Professor," was featured in Martin Scorsese's "The King of Comedy" and appeared as himself in Billy Crystal's "Mr. Saturday Night." In the 1990s, he scored a stage comeback as the devil in the Broadway revival of "Damn Yankees." In his 80s, he was still traveling the world, planning to remake some of his earlier movies and working on a stage version of "The Nutty Professor." He was so active he would sometimes forget the basics, like eating, his associates would recall. In 2012, Lewis missed an awards ceremony thrown by his beloved Friars Club because his blood sugar dropped from lack of food and he had to spend the night in the hospital. In an interview with The Associated Press from 2016, Lewis, at 90 and promoting the film "Max Rose," said he still woke up every day at 4:30 or 5 in the morning to write, and he had a handful of standup shows on the schedule. Although a clear influence on Jim Carrey and other slapstick performers, later generations knew Lewis primarily as the ringmaster of the Labor Day Muscular Dystrophy Association, joking and reminiscing and introducing guests, sharing stories about ailing kids and concluding with his personal anthem, the ballad "You'll Never Walk Alone." From the 1960s onward, the telethons raised about $1.5 billion. He announced in 2011 that he would step down as host, but he would remain chairman of the association he joined some 60 years ago. His fundraising efforts won him the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award at the 2009 Oscar telecast, an honor he said "touches my heart and the very depth of my soul." But the telethon was also criticized for being mawkish and exploitative of children, known as "Jerry's Kids." A 1960s muscular dystrophy poster boy, Mike Ervin, later made a documentary called "The Kids Are All Alright," in which he alleged that Lewis and the Muscular Dystrophy Association had treated him and others as objects of pity rather than real people. Responded Lewis: "You don't want to be pitied because you're a cripple in a wheelchair, stay in your house!" He was the classic funnyman who longed to play "Hamlet." He cried as hard as he laughed. He sassed and snarled at critics and interviewers who displeased him. He pontificated on talk shows, lectured to college students and compiled his thoughts in the 1971 book "The Total Film-Maker." "I believe, in my own way, that I say something on film. I'm getting to those who probably don't have the mentality to understand what ... 'A Man for All Seasons' is all about, plus many who did understand it," he wrote. "I am not ashamed or embarrassed at how seemingly trite or saccharine something in my films will sound. I really do make films for my great-great-grandchildren and not for my fellows at the Screen Directors Guild or for the critics." In his early movies, he played the kind of fellows who would have had no idea what the elder Lewis was talking about: loose-limbed, buck-toothed, overgrown adolescents, trouble-prone and inclined to wail when beset by enemies. American critics recognized the comedian's popular appeal but not his pretensions of higher art. Not the French. Writing in Paris' Le Monde newspaper, Jacques Siclier praised Lewis' "apish allure, his conduct of a child, his grimaces, his contortions, his maladjustment to the world, his morbid fear of women, his way of disturbing order everywhere he appeared." The French government awarded Lewis the Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1983 and Commander of Arts and Letters the following year. Film critic Andrew Sarris observed: "The fact that Lewis lacks verbal wit on the screen doesn't particularly bother the French." Lewis had teamed up with Martin after World War II, and their radio and stage antics delighted audiences, although not immediately. Their debut, in 1946 at Atlantic City's 500 Club, was a bust. Warned by owner "Skinny" D'Amato that they might be fired, Martin and Lewis tossed the script and improvised their way into history. New York columnists Walter Winchell and Ed Sullivan raved over the sexy singer and the berserk clown. Hollywood producer Hal Wallis saw them at New York's Copacabana and signed them to a film contract. Martin and Lewis first appeared in supporting roles in, then they began a hit series of starring vehicles: "At War With the Army," That's My Boy," Sailor Beware," Jumping Jacks," The Stooge," The Caddy," Money From Home," Living It Up," Three Ring Circus," You're Never Too Young," Artists and Models," Pardners," Hollywood or Bust." But in the mid-1950s, their partnership began to wear. Lewis longed for more than laughs. Martin had tired of playing straight man and of Lewis' attempts to inject Chaplinesque pathos into their movies. He also wearied of the pace of films, television, nightclub and theater appearances, benefits and publicity junkets on which Lewis thrived. The rift became increasingly public as the two camps sparred verbally. "I knew we were in trouble the day someone gave Jerry a book about Charlie Chaplin," Martin cracked. On July 24, 1956, Martin and Lewis closed shop, at the Copa, and remained estranged for years. Martin, who died in 1995, did make a dramatic, surprise appearance on Lewis' telethon in 1976 (a reunion brokered by mutual pal Frank Sinatra). After Martin's death, Lewis said the two had again become friendly during his former partner's final years and he would repeatedly express his admiration for Martin above all others. Lewis distinguished himself after the break, revealing a serious side as unexpected as Martin's gift for comedy. He brought in comedy director Frank Tashlin for "Rock-a-bye Baby," Cinderfella," The Disorderly Orderly," The Geisha Boy" and "Who's Minding the Store?" With "The Bellboy," though, Lewis assumed the posts of producer, director, writer and star, like his idol Chaplin. Among his hits under his own direction was the 1963 "The Nutty Professor," playing a dual Jekyll and Hyde role, transforming himself from a nerdy college teacher to a sexy (and conceited) lounge singer, Buddy Love, regarded as a spoof of his old partner Martin. Lewis' more recent film credits included such low-budget releases as "Arizona Dream," co-starring Johnny Depp, "Funny Bones," and "Max Rose," from 2016. He was seen briefly in Eddie Murphy's remake of "The Nutty Professor." He was born Joseph Levitch in Newark, New Jersey, on March 16, 1926. His father, billed as Danny Lewis, was a singer on the borscht and burlesque circuits. His mother played piano for Danny's act. Their only child was often left alone in hotel rooms, or lived in Brooklyn with his paternal grandparents, Russian Jewish immigrants, or his aunts in New Jersey. "All my life I've been afraid of being alone," Lewis once said. In his later years the solitude haunted him, and he surrounded himself with an entourage at work and at home. Joey Levitch made his professional debut at age 5, singing the Depression tearjerker "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" to great applause. By 16, Jerry Lewis had dropped out of school and was earning as much as $150 a week as a solo performer. Rejected by the Army because of a heart murmur and punctured eardrum, Lewis entertained troops in World War II and toured with his lip-sync act. In 1944 he married Patti Palmer, a band vocalist. The following year he met Martin, on a March day in 1945 in Manhattan. Fame brought him women and Lewis wrote openly of his many partners. After 36 years of marriage and six sons, Patti Lewis sued her husband for divorce in 1982. She later wrote a book claiming that he was an adulterer and drug addict who abused their children. In his late 50s, Lewis married Sandra Pitnick, 32, a former airline stewardess. They had a daughter, Dani, named for Jerry's father. "When the truth comes down to the truth, I am so grateful that I'm on that stage or in front of that camera," Lewis told The Associated Press in 2016. "To have a career that I had in film, I'm the luckiest Jew that ever lived. I'm so grateful for it. I don't take advantage of it. I don't use it improperly. And I love the fact that there's nowhere I can go where people don't know me." ___ Lemire is a former Associated Press writer. Associated Press writer Bob Thomas and AP Film Writer Lindsey Bahr in Los Angeles and AP National Writer Hillel Italie in New York contributed to this report. Claim: Jerry Lewis, Hollywood survivor, showman, dies at 91. answer: 2 question: Paragraph: There was no mention of cost. The article reports that "patients with two copies of the arginine variant lived an average 38 percent longer than patients with the glycine variant. Patients with glycine variant didn't respond to the beta blocker." Did they live longer whether or not they received bucindolol or not? It is not possible to tell whether the increased mortality in the glycine variant group is due to the effect of having two copies of this allele or whether having two copies of this allele renders a person resistant to the benefits (if any) conferred by bucindolol. And 38% longer is only a relative term. What was the absolute time lived longer? Although side effects of beta-blockers (depression, fatigue, and asthma-related lung problems) were mentioned, it is not clear what the list of side effects found specifically with bucindolol might be. Since the article also discussed an imminent genetic test that might suggest greater risk of death, it could have also discussed the possible impact this sort of information might have on an individual or family. Other than mentioning where the study is published, the article does not provide any information about the nature of the clinical evidence supporting the claims reported. The story says " heart failure can kill quickly. One in five chronic heart failure patients is dead within a year of being diagnosed and less than half live for more than five years, researchers say. 'You have a very narrow window before the progression of the disease gets out of hand,' Liggett said." The choice of words provides a negative frame: "kill quickly" and "narrow window" convey a sense of urgency that does NOT apply to all patients with heart failure. Some patients with heart failure are asymptomatic and have a much much better prognosis. These numbers really apply only to those with severe symptomatic heart failure. Although the article included a comment from Dr. Blumenthal who was mentioned as "not involved in the study", he was an investigator on the "Beta-blocker evaluation in survival trial" from which data were reportedly used for the current study. Another clinician, Dr. Mehra, cited as not involved in the current study, is the chairman of the department from which the work originated. Thus it appears that the article does not include comments from researchers who did not have a stake in the findings. The story failed to put the new idea into the context of other currently approved beta-blocker drugs for heart failure, or of other drugs of other classes. The article discusses two unapproved medical interventions: a genetic test and a particular drug for heart failure. The genetic test needed to determine whether bucindolol might be effective is reported as not approved by the FDA but that such approval could be obtained in the next year or two. In reality, it is not possible to predict whether this test will be approved or when. Secondly, the article mentions that researchers hope that drug, bucindolol, will be approved by the FDA. The application for FDA approval has not even been filed yet. The story promotes researchers' hopes that the FDA will approve the experimental beta blocker (bucindolol) and promotes researchers predictions that a genetic test could be approved by the FDA in the next year or two without any justification for that prediction. The true novelty of either idea is still uNPRoven. There is no evidence that the story relied solely or largely on a news release. However no truly independent sources were interviewed in the story. Claim: Heart drug riddle solved: Beta blockers' ability to combat chronic failure linked to genetics answer:

0

fc-sni-health_fact

1a3d4b9c4c3db634fa163bbfbdcfa67c747b7bc103148200af1960f3bd688d8d

Given scientific fact as input, generate the question from this fact such that it can be answered from the input. Q: The name for membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport is vacuoles. A:

What is the name for membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport?

fc-sni-scitail

ed1a38c2aa95581e378c085c6025c1a5b94f9789d91423a3e06619aa09f2b2bb

Definition: In this task, you are given a short story consisting of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. You are given two options and you need to select the one that best connects the first sentence with the rest of the story. Indicate your answer by 'Option 1' if the first option is correct, otherwise 'Option 2'. The incorrect option will change the subsequent storyline, so that at least one of the three subsequent sentences is no longer consistent with the story. Input: Sentence 1: Ryan realizes that he has become very fat over the last two Year's. Sentence 3: Ryan stops eating meat and starts to jog every day Sentence 4: After 6 months he starts to lose weight Sentence 5: Ryan is happy that he has finally started to become less fat Option 1: He decides that he doesn't need to lose weight. Option 2: He decides that he needs to lose weight quickly. Output:

Option 2

fc-sni-timetravel

2b07485a3637d0a297129058f91f8aacdd0981d21f23c9d2b78e98767f1dc3f7

Instructions: In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. Once you create a question you also need to provide the correct answer for it. Write your answer like "Question: your question, Answer: your answer". The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Short answers containing words that are present in the passage are preferred. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is a factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage. Input: The Futuristic Story Tale ofin September 14, 2088 A.D of the Future., A Nuclear War. The builders of Ember left instructions to the mayors in a box that would open by itself. Unfortunately, one of the mayors died without telling someone what the box was and it got tossed into a closet, where it was forgotten for generations.The year is September 18, 2416 A.D of the Future. After the Earth's destruction. Lina Mayfleet, and Doon Harrow are two children in Ember who find themselves on a mission to save their dying city. The city's lights are beginning to flicker and food supplies are running out.Doon lands a job at the Pipeworks where he wants to try to repair the failing generator. Lina's job is simple - she is a messenger, but she soon finds herself in over her head when she discovers the box of instructions left by the builders so long ago.Doon and she find themselves on a wild adventure when they discover the way out of Ember, but corrupt officials and a treacherous mayor stand against their wish to save the city. With courage and heart they brave the darkness - all to help their fellow citizens escape the dying city. Output:

Question: Where did the box of instructions get tossed into?, Answer: Closet

fc-sni-duorc

4a5c5c8e567773c561f1d1f4bf1728b6c3d8953093b56bc95bb38ed76278b04e

Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence. [EX Q]: When was the plague no who fought in the great Northern war? [EX A]: Who fought in the great Northern war? [EX Q]: Along with English and maths I mean mathematics, what subject replaced values education for fourth year students? [EX A]: Along with English and mathematics, what subject replaced values education for fourth year students? [EX Q]: What kingdom annexed Warsaw the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth er make that Duchy in 1796? [EX A]:

What kingdom annexed Duchy in 1796?

fc-sni-disfl_qa

3c8bf8ad4d6f4723a8c0c3dee46df70d7d025c2ae1b7afca6b20b18c000bc813

In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer. Do not ask questions that can be answered correctly without understanding the paragraph or having multiple answers. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. For each of your questions, the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph, and it should be unambiguous. Example input: Passage: Nearing London, Oliver encounters Jack Dawkins, a pickpocket more commonly known by the nickname the "Artful Dodger", and his sidekick, a boy of a humorous nature named Charley Bates, but Oliver's innocent and trusting nature fails to see any dishonesty in their actions. The Dodger provides Oliver with a free meal and tells him of a gentleman in London who will "give him lodgings for nothing, and never ask for change". Grateful for the unexpected assistance, Oliver follows the Dodger to the "old gentleman's" residence. In this way Oliver unwittingly falls in with an infamous Jewish criminal known as Fagin, the gentleman of whom the Artful Dodger spoke. Ensnared, Oliver lives with Fagin and his gang of juvenile pickpockets in their lair at Saffron Hill for some time, unaware of their criminal occupations. He believes they make wallets and handkerchiefs. Example output: Who believes Fagin's gang make wallets and handkerchiefs?. Example explanation: This question is based on the following sentence in the passage "He believes they make wallets and handkerchiefs". It evaluates the understanding that the pronoun "he" refers to name "Oliver". You can ask questions like this one about most pronouns in a paragraph. Q: Passage: Princess Anne plans to run away with Freddie Granton, the commoner secretary of her father, King Eric VIII, once her domineering mother, Queen Martha, has left for a vacation in America. Anne is therefore aghast when the Marquis of Birten brings news that he has negotiated her political marriage to Prince William of Grec, a man she has never even met. Dismissing Anne's vehement protests, the Queen is delighted, a feeling not shared by Anne's loving but ineffectual father. Meanwhile, the Premier and General Northrup warn that a revolution is brewing. He wishes to execute large numbers of political prisoners, but cannot without the King's signature. The Queen wholeheartedly approves of these stern measures. The King promises to attend to it, but after Northrup and the Queen leave, he orders his secretary to misplace the death warrants. Led by Laker, the rebels rise up after Northrup gets Parliament to grant him dictatorial powers. Anne seizes the opportunity to try to flee with Granton, with her father's approval. However, when she believes that the King is in real danger, she refuses to leave him. Doctor Fellman, a moderate rebel leader, comes to see the King to demand his abdication, but agrees to stop the fighting in favor of negotiation. Then Northrup insists he is in charge now and laughs in derision when the King claims the people are stronger than Northrup's army and navy. Next to arrive is Prince William. Despite his admission that he dislikes Anne, he is prepared to do his duty and go through with the wedding. Then Fellman and Laker show up. The King surprises Northrup by dismissing him from his service and putting Fellman in charge, ordering him to set up general elections as soon as possible. A:

What is the title of the person who is to be married to Prince William of Grec?

fc-sni-quoref

c09606bb862499b787231e40b5edf8f7904fd0f3c490c4266cdacfc3e22998ff

Detailed Instructions: You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review. Q: First time experience with Lavazza Tierra! I have been getting the espresso bean from a local roasting company. I don't have any problem, but my wife wants more aroma from my espresso shot. The reason I got the Lavazza Tierra! But, no success so far. I have the Bezzera bz07 machine with a Rockey grinder. I only got very light crema from Lavazza Tierra! also I don't smell any aroma. I tried pulling a shot with a bottomless portafilter, it looks very awful. I think the bean is old. A:

Negative

fc-sni-amazon_fine_food_reviews

79fe01b8451192e25c42e3ebfd2945a8ab17edf23f2fc844e2fcfbc43b12cb51

Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage. Problem:Context: T2 Lesion Volume (T2LV) has been an important biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS). Current methods available to quantify lesions from MR images generally require manual adjustments or multiple images with different contrasts. Further, implementations are often not easily or openly accessible.', 'We created a fully unsupervised, single T2 FLAIR image T2LV quantification package based on the popular open-source imaging toolkit FSL.', 'By scripting various processing tools in FSL, we developed an image processing pipeline that distinguishes normal brain tissue from CSF and lesions. We validated our method by hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) with a preliminary study to see if our T2LVs correlate with clinical disability measures in MS when controlled for other variables.', 'Pearson correlations between T2LV and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS: r = 0.344, P = 0.013), Six-Minute Walk (6MW: r = -0.513, P = 0.000), Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW: r = -0.438, P = .000), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT: r = -0.499, P = 0.000) were all significant. Partial correlations controlling for age were significant between T2LV and 6MW (r = -0.433, P = 0.002), T25FW (r = -0.392, P = 0.004), and SDMT (r = -0.450, P = 0.001). In HMR, T2LV explained significant additional variance in 6MW (R(2) change = 0.082, P = 0.020), after controlling for confounding variables such as age, white matter volume (WMV), and gray matter volume (GMV). Answer: Our T2LV quantification software produces T2LVs from a single FLAIR image that correlate with physical disability in MS and is freely available as open-source software. Solution:

Does fully automated open-source lesion mapping of T2-FLAIR images with FSL correlate with clinical disability in MS?

fc-sni-pubmed_qa

1c624ebffce305026d1d88aff27f4a727ab5094edcf2d0488f12e93a7a2ffe94

In this task you will be given an answer to a question. You need to generate a question. The answer given should be a correct answer for the generated question. Ex Input: Since the AFL reserves competition merged with the Victorian Football League in 2000, Port Melbourne has been involved in two affiliations: with the Sydney Swans (2001 -- 2002), and with the North Melbourne Kangaroos (2003 -- 2005); since 2006, Port Melbourne has existed as a stand-alone VFL club. Ex Output: who is port melbourne affiliated with in the afl Ex Input: Punjab (/ pndb / (listen)) is a state in northern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab region, the state is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast, Rajasthan to the southwest, and the Pakistan province of Punjab to the west. The state covers an area of 50,362 square kilometres or 1.53 percent of the total geographical area of India. It is the twentieth largest Indian state by area. With 27,704,236 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Punjab is the sixteenth largest state by population, comprising 22 districts. Punjabi, is the most widely spoken and official language of the state. The main ethnic group are the Punjabis, with Punjabi Sikhs (57.7 percent) forming the demographic majority followed by Hindus (38.5 percent). The state capital is located in Chandigarh, a Union Territory and also the capital of the neighboring state of Haryana. The five rivers are Sutlej, Ravi, Beas, Chenab and Jhelum. Ex Output: how many states have common border with punjab Ex Input: Written in 1926 (when Yeats was 60 or 61), 'Sailing to Byzantium' is Yeats' definitive statement about the agony of old age and the imaginative and spiritual work required to remain a vital individual even when the heart is 'fastened to a dying animal' (the body). Yeats's solution is to leave the country of the young and travel to Byzantium, where the sages in the city's famous gold mosaics could become the 'singing-masters' of his soul. He hopes the sages will appear in fire and take him away from his body into an existence outside time, where, like a great work of art, he could exist in 'the artifice of eternity.' In the final stanza of the poem, he declares that once he is out of his body he will never again appear in the form of a natural thing; rather, he will become a golden bird, sitting on a golden tree, singing of the past ('what is past'), the present (that which is 'passing'), and the future (that which is 'to come'). Ex Output:

in the poem sailing to byzantium why are they going to byzantium

fc-sni-aquamuse

24ce634050b532afbf3f19edf73284f61ecb385eb8c019e2870ecb7fc3279fbb

TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage. PROBLEM: Context: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is induced in many forms of chronic liver disease and may promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The activator protein 1 (AP-1) complex is a transcription factor that promotes hepatic carcinogenesis in response to cellular stress. The aim of this study was to determine the role of ER stress in the regulation of the hepatic AP-1 complex.', 'Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and C57BL/6J mice were subjected to pharmacologic ER stress and the expression of AP-1-associated genes and proteins was assessed. To determine the role of MAPK signaling in ER stress-induced AP-1 activation, ER stress was induced in JNK- and ERK-inhibited HepG2 cells.', 'Induction of ER stress promoted the activation of both Jun- and Fos-related genes and proteins of the AP-1 complex in HepG2 cells and murine liver. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation in HepG2 cells completely prevented ER stress-induced activation of the fos-related components of AP-1 whereas activation of Jun-related components was only partially attenuated. Conversely, inhibition of JNK phosphorylation in HepG2 cells reduced ER stress-induced activation of Jun-related components but did not prevent activation of fos-related components. Answer: ER stress activates the hepatic AP-1 complex via MAPK-dependent signaling pathways. ER stress-induced activation of Fos-related components is dependent primarily on ERK activation whereas ER stress-induced activation of Jun-related components is dependent primarily on JNK activation, although there is interplay between these regulatory pathways. These data implicate a novel signaling pathway by which sustained ER stress, as observed in many chronic liver diseases, may promote hepatic carcinogenesis. SOLUTION: Does endoplasmic reticulum stress activate the hepatic activator protein 1 complex via mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathways? PROBLEM: Context: Cerebral deposition of phospho-tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs with varying patterns within hippocampus. Lamina-specific tau changes in AD may reflect trans-synaptic propagation of phospho-tau along neuroanatomical pathways.", 'To study patterns of tau deposition within inner (IML) and outer (OML) molecular layers of dentate gyrus and their clinical and neuropathological correlates.', '98 consecutive autopsied brains from the Columbia University Brain Bank were stained for phospho-tau using AT-8. Staining density was rated as High versus Low within IML and OML. Four patterns were observed among the 98 brains: High IML&OML, n = 44; High OML Only (n = 35); High IML Only (n = 5); and Low IML&OML (n = 14). Demographic, clinical, and neuropathological characteristics of these four groups were compared.', 'High IML&OML subjects, versus High OML Only, were more likely to fulfill CERAD criteria for Definite AD (93% versus 66%, p < 0.01) and to have higher median Braak stage (6 versus 5, p < 0.01) and earlier mean age of onset (65.9 versus 73.7 y, p = 0.02), with similar symptom duration. Using logistic regression, the association between High IML&OML and AD remained significant after adjustment for demographics but not symptom duration. In the 70 subjects with Definite AD, High IML&OML was associated with younger age of onset (mean difference 3.7 years, 95%CI -6.7 to -0.7, p < 0.01), after adjustment for demographics and symptom duration. Answer: Phospho-tau pathology, when prominent within both IML and OML, is associated with CERAD diagnosis of Definite AD and earlier age of onset in AD. Laminar patterns of tau deposition reflect regional involvements during disease course. SOLUTION: Does hippocampal laminar distribution of tau relate to Alzheimer 's disease and age of onset? PROBLEM: Context: To identify clinical factors contributing to the lateralization of mesiotemporal memory functions in epilepsy by using memory-activated fMRI.', "Sixty patients aged 16 to 63 years with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and 20 patients aged 16 to 60 years with extratemporal epilepsy (ETE) due to circumscribed epileptogenic lesions who consecutively underwent presurgical evaluation including continuous video-EEG monitoring and structural MRI examinations were examined. During memory fMRI, the activation condition consisted of retrieval from long-term memory induced by self-paced performance of an imaginative walk through the patient's hometown. On the basis of a previous study, memory lateralization was defined as typical if larger fMRI activation was in the mesiotemporal structures contralateral to the epileptic focus.", 'There were 45 patients with MTLE who had typical memory lateralization (75%), whereas only 9 patients (45%) with ETE exhibited typical memory lateralization (p = 0.013). In MTLE patients, bilateral independent epileptiform discharges occurred more often in the atypical group than in patients with typical memory lateralization (p = 0.015). Answer: The fMRI lateralization of mesiotemporal visuospatial memory functions in patients with mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is asymmetric: The larger activation usually appears contralateral to the side of the epileptogenic region. These findings occur more often in MTLE; in patients with extratemporal epilepsy, such type of asymmetry is not characteristic. In MTLE patients with bilateral independent epileptiform discharges, this type of asymmetry is also less frequent. SOLUTION:

Does epileptic activity influence the lateralization of mesiotemporal fMRI activity?

fc-sni-pubmed_qa

e315a8065e1108b2a107635cef43cb84d05db0eb1262d12b900b4e646af01446

In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a title for this text. The title should start with "TIFU by", followed by a situation that caused humor. The title should contain 7-12 words, ideally. Q: Text: context: i live in india, a country where an uninterrupted power supply is still more of a luxury than the norm. i was beating the meat in the quiet comfort of the bathroom adjacent to my parents' bedroom, when the lights called it quits. i immediately stumbled out, and kept my phone's screen on to light my way. i made my way to my living room. where my family was having dinner early, and when they asked me to illuminate them too, i happily did so. however, i soon noticed them glancing awkwardly towards me, and reddened when i realized that chrome was still open to my last page, which had malena morgan sucking the tits off another girl. needless to say, dinner was kinda awkward :'/ A:

TIFU By showing my parents lesbian porn.

fc-sni-reddit_tifu_dataset

a4d94e27b77eb97d4aa704ec263c0dac83d27761d49cdd1c74a24b9d2075906c

Detailed Instructions: Given a text passage as input consisting of dialogues of negotiations between a seller and a buyer about the sale of an item, the task is to classify the text into one of the labels from the two possible outputs - 'accepted'/'rejected'. Select [accepted] if by the end of the conversation the buyer seems likely to buy the item from the seller. A sale is likely made when the buyer and seller agree upon a common price or when a deal is made between them. Select [rejected] if the buyer did not seem interested in buying the item from the seller at the end of the conversation. This happens when the buyer and seller do not agree on the price or other aspects of the item being sold by the seller. Problem:Seller: Hi, are you interested in my dope bike? Buyer: Hello, I may be interested in your BMX bike you have for sale. Seller: Its an awesome bike, what is your offer Buyer: Considering it needs a new chain and the brake cable is missing, I think $60 is a fair offer. Seller: If you throw in something else to sweeten the deal, im in. Buyer: I dont know what I could throw in, its going to be for my son and I would have to still take the bike to have a chain and cable put on so he could ride it. Seller: Do you have any old Hoobastank CDs? I'm a collector Buyer: No, I am not in for trades, I can do cash only. Seller: The only way im going below $90 is with a trade added in. My asking price is $90 and i could buy at least 45 hoobastank CDs with that amount Buyer: Ok, well I see another bike in better condition for cheaper so I will go with the other. thanks for your time. Buyer: Solution:

rejected

fc-sni-craigslist_bargains

623c745eb4708d5f76ef96b4f705d513b232f38bc82aa5f9b6166660715e6d5f

Teacher:Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: The UK has recorded its hottest July day on record, with temperatures reaching 38.1C (100.6F) in Cambridge, but reaching just 31C in Wales. Great Western has cancelled trains between London, Cardiff and Swansea. Speed restrictions are in place to protect tracks, Network Rail (NR) said. Most London to south Wales trains are hourly instead of half-hourly, according to Great Western, with only the route between London and Swansea running. It added that other ad hoc service alterations were expected, and encouraged those travelling to check their journeys. Passengers were also advised to be aware of the high temperatures, and to travel with bottled drinking water, sun cream and cooling face wipes or spray. In such weather conditions, the track can get up to 20 degrees hotter than the air temperature, said NR, which manages the rail network infrastructure. Wales has had a hot week, with temperatures also hitting 31C on Tuesday. And a lightning strike "like a gunshot" set a bedroom roof on fire, as storms hit parts of Wales in the early hours of Wednesday. GWR said some of its services from London Paddington to Cardiff Central will be terminated at Bristol Parkway rather than travelling on to Newport and Cardiff Central "due to forecasted severe weather". Student:

UK heatwave: Trains between Swansea, Cardiff and London disrupted

fc-sni-xlsum

3f20439e8312154d68a954a1c65454545e5d7f75b0fcb997e860d8804adbdf14

In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill. Example input: SECTION 1. LIABILITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES PROVIDING USE OF FACILITIES TO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS. (a) Definitions.--In this section: (1) Business entity.--The term ''business entity'' means a firm, corporation, association, partnership, consortium, joint venture, or other form of enterprise. (2) Facility.--The term ''facility'' means any real property, including any building, improvement, or appurtenance. (3) Gross negligence.--The term ''gross negligence'' means voluntary and conscious conduct by a person with knowledge (at the time of the conduct) that the conduct is likely to be harmful to the health or well-being of another person. (4) Intentional misconduct.--The term ''intentional misconduct'' means conduct by a person with knowledge (at the time of the conduct) that the conduct is harmful to the health or well-being of another person. (5) Nonprofit organization.--The term ''nonprofit organization'' means-- (A) any organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code; or (B) any not-for-profit organization organized and conducted for public benefit and operated primarily for charitable, civic, educational, religious, welfare, or health purposes. (6) State.--The term ''State'' means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession of the United States, or any political subdivision of any such State, territory, or possession. (b) Limitation on Liability.-- (1) In general.--Subject to subsection (c), a business entity shall not be subject to civil liability relating to any injury or death occurring at a facility of the business entity in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit organization if-- (A) the use occurs outside of the scope of business of the business entity; (B) such injury or death occurs during a period that such facility is used by the nonprofit organization; and (C) the business entity authorized the use of such facility by the nonprofit organization. (2) Application.--This subsection shall apply-- (A) with respect to civil liability under Federal and State law; and (B) regardless of whether a nonprofit organization pays for the use of a facility. (c) Exception for Liability.--Subsection (b) shall not apply to an injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct, including any misconduct that-- (1) constitutes a crime of violence (as that term is defined in section 16 of title 18, United States Code) or act of international terrorism (as that term is defined in section 2331 of title 18) for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; (2) constitutes a hate crime (as that term is used in the Hate Crime Statistics Act (28 U.S.C. 534 note)); (3) involves a sexual offense, as defined by applicable State law, for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; or (4) involves misconduct for which the defendant has been found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law. (d) Superseding Provision.-- (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2) and subsection (e), this Act preempts the laws of any State to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except that this Act shall not preempt any State law that provides additional protection from liability for a business entity for an injury or death with respect to which conditions under subparagraphs (A) through (C) of subsection (b)(1) apply. (2) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to supersede any Federal or State health or safety law. (e) Election of State Regarding Nonapplicability.--This Act shall not apply to any civil action in a State court against a business entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State enacts a statute-- (1) citing the authority of this subsection; (2) declaring the election of such State that this Act shall not apply to such civil action in the State; and (3) containing no other provision. Example output: Shields a business entity from civil liability relating to any injury or death occurring at a facility of that entity in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit organization if: (1) the use occurs outside the scope of business of the business entity; (2) such injury or death occurs during a period that such facility is used by such organization; and (3) the business entity authorized the use of such facility by the organization. Makes this Act inapplicable to an injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct, including misconduct that: (1) constitutes a hate crime or a crime of violence or act of international terrorism for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; or (2) involves a sexual offense for which the defendant has been convicted in any court or misconduct for which the defendant has been found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law. Preempts State laws to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except State law that provides additional protection from liability. Specifies that this Act shall not be construed to supersede any Federal or State health or safety law. Makes this Act inapplicable to any civil action in a State court against a business entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State, citing this Act's authority and containing no other provision, enacts a statute declaring the State's election that this Act shall not apply to such action in the State. Example explanation: This Bill focuses on shielding business entities from civil liability relating to an injury or death depending on the conditions of injury, hence the generated summary is correct. Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ''American Indian Tort Liability Insurance Act''. SEC. 2. AMERICAN INDIAN TORT LIABILITY INSURANCE. (a) Findings.--Congress finds that-- (1) Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc., 523 U.S. ____ (1998), recognized the increasing interaction between tribal governments, tribal corporations, or individual members of Indian tribes with individuals who are not members of an Indian tribe, on and off Indian reservations (including property held in trust for Indian tribes) in the areas of economic development and commerce; (2) the interaction referred to in paragraph (1) may lead to disputes that could include claims by individuals against tribal governments or tribal organizations as a result of injury in tort; (3) as Justice Kennedy stated in his opinion in Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc., the doctrine of tribal immunity asserted by the governing bodies of Indian tribes to shield the Indian tribes from court actions that are necessary to recover for the liability of the governing bodies or tribal organizations of Indian tribes, can ''harm those who are unaware that they are dealing with a tribe, who do not know of tribal immunity, or who have no choice in the matter, as in the case of tort victims''; and (4) in order to provide protection for individuals interacting with tribal governments or organizations-- (A) Indian tribes should maintain tort liability insurance; and (B) tribal immunity should not be used as a basis for the denial of a claim under that tort liability insurance. (b) Definition.--In this section: (1) Indian tribe.--The term ''Indian tribe'' has the meaning given that term in section 4(e) of the Indian Self- Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(e)). (2) Secretary.--The term ''Secretary'' means the Secretary of the Interior. (3) Tribal immunity.--The term ''tribal immunity'' means the immunity of an Indian tribe from-- (A) jurisdiction of the courts; and (B) judicial review of an action of that Indian tribe and other remedies. (4) Tribal organization.--The term ''tribal organization'' has the meaning given that term in section 4(l) of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(l)). (5) Tribal priority allocation.--The term ''tribal priority allocation'' means an allocation to a tribal priority account of an Indian tribe by the Bureau of Indian Affairs to allow that Indian tribe to establish program priorities and funding levels. (c) Indian Tribes as Defendants in Tort Disputes.--Section 1362 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by-- (1) inserting ''(a)'' before ''The district courts''; (2) inserting ''(referred to in this section as an 'Indian tribe')'' after ''Interior''; and (3) adding at the end the following: ''(b) Subject to the provisions of chapter 171A, the district courts shall have jurisdiction of civil actions in claims against an Indian tribe for money damages, accruing on or after the date of enactment of this subsection for injury or loss of property, personal injury, or death caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission of an Indian tribe (including a tribal organization) under circumstances in which the Indian tribe, if a private individual or corporation would be liable to the claimant in accordance with the law of the State where the act or omission occurred. ''(c) Subject to the provisions of chapter 171A, to the extent necessary to enforce this section, the tribal immunity of the Indian tribe involved is waived.''. (d) Tort Liability Insurance.-- (1) In general.-- (A) Insurance.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), not later than 180 days after the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall obtain or provide tort liability insurance or equivalent coverage, on the most cost-effective basis, for each Indian tribe that receives a tribal priority allocation. (B) Coverage.--The insurance obtained under subparagraph (A) for an Indian tribe shall cover the governing body of the Indian tribe, each tribal organization, of that Indian tribe and each contractor or employer of that Indian tribe, within the scope of that contractor or employer. The coverage shall become effective on the date on which that coverage is obtained. (2) Exception.--If the Secretary determines that an Indian tribe described in paragraph (1) has obtained liability insurance in an amount and of the type that the Secretary determines to be appropriate (including meeting the requirement of paragraph (4)) by the date specified in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall not be required to provide additional coverage for that Indian tribe. (3) Tribal immunity may not be asserted to deny claims.-- Under the liability insurance obtained under paragraph (1) or that the Secretary determines to be appropriate under paragraph (2), tribal immunity may not be asserted by the insurer as a reason for denying a claim for damages resulting from the tort liability of an Indian tribe. (4) Amount of coverage.--In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall ensure that each Indian tribe obtains, or is provided, in accordance with this subsection, a sufficient amount of insurance coverage to cover tort liability of the Indian tribe, under chapter 171A of title 28, United States Code. (e) Funding of Tort Liability Insurance.-- (1) Initial payment of insurance premiums.--For the initial payment of insurance premiums for insurance obtained or provided by the Secretary under subsection (d), the Secretary shall take such action as may be necessary to ensure the payment of premiums by the Indian tribe, including adjusting the amount of the tribal priority allocation made to the Indian tribe to cover the cost of the initial payments. (2) Subsequent payments.-- (A) In general.--After an initial payment under paragraph (1), and before the Secretary makes a tribal priority allocation for an Indian tribe, the Secretary shall verify that the Indian tribe-- (i) has insurance coverage that meets the requirements of subsection (d); and (ii) has made such payments for premiums of that insurance as are necessary to provide insurance coverage for the fiscal year for which the tribal priority allocation is to be made. (B) Payment required as a condition to receiving tribal priority allocation.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if the Secretary determines under subparagraph (A) that an Indian tribe has not made the payments described in subparagraph (A)(ii), the Secretary shall withhold the tribal priority allocation of that Indian tribe until such time as those payments are made. (f) Jurisdiction of District Courts.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the district courts shall have jurisdiction over any action concerning the tort liability of an Indian tribe that is covered under insurance that meets the requirements of subsection (d), and a case to recover damages through an insurer that provides coverage under subsection (d) may be brought without regard to whether remedies under otherwise applicable tribal law have been exhausted. (g) Regulations.--To carry out this section, as soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall issue regulations that-- (1) provide for the amount of insurance coverage or equivalent coverage needed to protect an Indian tribe for the liabilities that may be subject to a claim under chapter 171A if title 28, United States Code; (2) establish a schedule of premiums to be assessed against an Indian tribe that is provided liability insurance under subsection (d); and (3) establish a means to verify the amount, maintenance, and funding of insurance of Indian tribes that obtain and maintain insurance under subsection (d)(3). (h) Indian Tort Claims Procedure.-- (1) In general.--Part 6 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 171 the following: ''CHAPTER 171A--INDIAN TORT CLAIMS PROCEDURE ''Sec. ''2691. Definitions. ''2692. Liability of Indian tribes. ''2693. Exceptions; waiver. ''Sec. 2691. Definitions ''In this chapter: ''(1) The term 'employee of an Indian tribe' includes-- ''(A) an officer or employee of an Indian tribe (including an officer or employee of a tribal organization); and ''(B) any person acting on behalf of an Indian tribe in an official capacity, temporarily or permanently, whether with or without compensation (other than an employee of the Federal Government or the government of a State or political subdivision thereof who is acting within the scope of the employment of that individual). ''(2) The term 'Indian tribe' has the meaning given that term in section 4(e) of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(e). ''(3) The term 'tribal immunity' means the immunity of an Indian tribe from-- ''(A) jurisdiction of the courts; and ''(B) judicial review of an action of that Indian tribe and other remedies. ''Sec. 2692. Liability of Indian tribes ''(a) Subject to the limitations under subsection (c), an Indian tribe (including a tribal organization) shall be liable for the actions of the employees of that Indian tribe (or tribal organization), relating to tort claims, in the same manner and to the same extent, as a private individual or corporation under like circumstances, but shall not be liable for interest before judgment or for punitive damages. ''(b) Subject to the limitations under subsection (c), in any case described in subsection (a) in which a death was caused and the law of the State where the act or omission complained of occurred provides for punitive damages, the Indian tribe shall, in lieu of being liable for punitive damages, be liable for actual or compensatory damages resulting from that death to each person on behalf of whom action was brought. ''(c)(1) The liability of an Indian tribe or tribal organization may not exceed-- ''(A) $500,000 for each claim made under this chapter; or ''(B) in any case in which more than 1 claim arises from the same occurrence for damages for a tortuous act or omission, an aggregate amount equal to $1,000,000 for those claims. ''(2) If the Secretary of the Interior determines that a limitation on the amount of liability of an Indian tribe under subparagraph (A) or (B) is appropriate, the Secretary of the Interior shall submit to Congress proposed legislation to provide for that increase. ''Sec. 2693. Exceptions; waiver ''(a) The provisions of this chapter and section 1362(b) shall not apply to any case relating to a controversy relating to membership in an Indian tribe. ''(b) With respect to an Indian tribe, to the extent necessary to carry out this chapter, the tribal immunity of that Indian tribe is waived.''. (2) Clerical amendment.--The table of chapters for title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to chapter 171 the following: ''171A. Indian Tort Claims Procedure........................ 2691''. A:

American Indian Tort Liability Insurance Act -Grants U.S. district courts jurisdiction of civil actions in claims against an Indian tribe for money damages accruing on or after the enactment of this Act for loss of property, personal injury, or death caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission of a tribe under circumstances in which the tribe, if it were a private individual or corporation, would be liable to the claimant in accordance with the law of the State where the act or omission occurred. Directs the Secretary of the Interior: (1) within 180 days after the enactment of this Act, to obtain or provide tort liability insurance or equivalent coverage, on the most cost-effective basis, for each tribe that receives a tribal priority allocation (from amounts made available to the Bureau of Indian Affairs for the operation of Indian programs), unless the tribe has obtained appropriate liability insurance by such date; (2) to take actions to ensure the payment of the initial insurance premium by a tribe; and (3) to withhold the tribal priority allocation of a tribe unless and until it makes subsequent premium payments. Prohibits the insurer from asserting tribal immunity as a reason for denying a claim for damages resulting from the tort liability of an Indian tribe. . Grants the district courts jurisdiction over any action concerning the tort liability of a tribe that is covered under such insurance. Permits a case to recover damages through an insurer that provides coverage to be brought without regard to whether remedies under applicable tribal law have been exhausted. Amends the Federal judicial code to set forth Indian tort claims procedure provisions. Makes an Indian tribe liable for actions of its employees relating to tort claims in the same manner and to the same extent as a private individual or corporation, but not for interest before judgment or for punitive damages. Provides that where a death is caused, the tribe shall be liable for actual or compensatory damages in lieu of punitive damages. Prohibits a tribe's or tribal organization's liability from exceeding $500,000 for each claim made or an aggregate of $1 million for claims arising from the same occurrence. Provides that this Act shall not apply to any case relating to a controversy about membership in an Indian tribe. Waives tribal immunity (from jurisdiction of the courts) to the extent necessary to carry out or enforce this Act.

fc-sni-billsum

b3d7ffd8bd403f912cbbbd46767c52a2ff419c682bb1c235d64f8903ebfc761a

In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words. Q: An approach to incorporate deep learning within an iterative image reconstruction framework to reconstruct images from severely incomplete measurement data is presented. Specifically, we utilize a convolutional neural network (CNN) as a quasi-projection operator within a least squares minimization procedure. The CNN is trained to encode high level information about the class of images being imaged; this information is utilized to mitigate artifacts in intermediate images produced by use of an iterative method. The structure of the method was inspired by the proximal gradient descent method, where the proximal operator is replaced by a deep CNN and the gradient descent step is generalized by use of a linear reconstruction operator. It is demonstrated that this approach improves image quality for several cases of limited-view image reconstruction and that using a CNN in an iterative method increases performance compared to conventional image reconstruction approaches. We test our method on several limited-view image reconstruction problems. Qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate state-of-the-art performance. A: Deep Learning-Guided Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data **** Q: Various tasks in decision making and decision support systems require selecting a preferred subset of a given set of items. Here we focus on problems where the individual items are described using a set of characterizing attributes, and a generic preference specification is required, that is, a specification that can work with an arbitrary set of items. For example, preferences over the content of an online newspaper should have this form: At each viewing, the newspaper contains a subset of the set of articles currently available. Our preference specification over this subset should be provided offline, but we should be able to use it to select a subset of any currently available set of articles, e.g., based on their tags. We present a general approach for lifting formalisms for specifying preferences over objects with multiple attributes into ones that specify preferences over subsets of such objects. We also show how we can compute an optimal subset given such a specification in a relatively efficient manner. We provide an empirical evaluation of the approach as well as some worst-case complexity results. A: Generic Preferences over Subsets of Structured Objects **** Q: We show that discourse structure, as defined by Rhetorical Structure Theory and provided by an existing discourse parser, benefits text categorization. Our approach uses a recursive neural network and a newly proposed attention mechanism to compute a representation of the text that focuses on salient content, from the perspective of both RST and the task. Experiments consider variants of the approach and illustrate its strengths and weaknesses. A:

Neural Discourse Structure for Text Categorization ****

fc-sni-peer_read

c267f7eb565a8cf6f49c8224aacd6f57de8bc4d3a3432a19e5ca9baf6500b592

Write a correct answer for the question. You should reason about prototypical situations and provide the correct answer. Avoid answers that provide incomplete justification for the question. if they were smart name a place that horror movie characters would stay far away from.

woods

fc-sni-proto_qa

7781393574b4b9224f1e33ce65859861c15f0c8631d7bba823cb83a591975fd2

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you must classify if a given review is positive/negative, indicating your answer as P or N. Problem:almost a full decade before steven spielberg 's saving private ryan asked whether a film could be both " anti war " and " pro - soldier " , john irvin 's hamburger hill proved it could . lost in the inundation of critical acclaim that greeted oliver stone 's platoon , this excellent film was dismissed as " too militaristic " . it 's hard to understand exactly why --- unless irvin , in assembling his motley collection of young men who for predictable ( and often naive ) reasons " chose to show up " for the vietnam debacle , ---has refused to present us with the stone killer , drug - stoked psycho and ruthless opportunist who have become to vietnam war epics what " the polack , the hillbilly and the kid from brooklyn " became to wwii movies . hamburger hill , based on a true story , is not an easy film to watch . there is a scene that will have graying anti - war activists squirming in their seats , or moved to genuine tears . and the climactic final assault on the " hill " in question is visually confusing . gristly realities are presented in brief flashes , as if the brain dared not acknowledged what it had encountered . and in the mud and smoke officer and enlistee , veteran and " newbie " , black soldier and white , become almost indistinguishable from each other , as they do in the chaos of actual combat . the acting throughout is solid with an absolutely stellar performance rendered by courtney b . vance as doc -- in a role that will have many flatly disbelieving that this is same actor they cheered as " seaman jones " in mctiernan 's red october . if you 've seen private ryan , you owe it to yourself to see hamburger hill -- if only to determine that the all the valour and horror of spielberg 's vision was as present in the ashau valley as it was at omaha beach . Solution:

P

fc-sni-movie_rationales

09760ec1875d8cbf8fef3e053bb39f30090cc21e4224543e76a22297d4c95cc6

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill. Q: SECTION 1. MARKET LOSS ASSISTANCE. (a) Assistance Authorized.--The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this Act as the ''Secretary'') shall, to the maximum extent practicable, use $4,622,240,000 of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to make a market loss assistance payment to owners and producers on a farm that are eligible for a final payment for fiscal year 2001 under a production flexibility contract for the farm under the Agriculture Market Transition Act (7 U.S.C. 7201 et seq.). (b) Amount.--The amount of assistance made available to owners and producers on a farm under this section shall be proportionate to the amount of the total contract payments received by the owners and producers for fiscal year 2001 under a production flexibility contract for the farm under the Agricultural Market Transition Act. SEC. 2. SUPPLEMENTAL OILSEEDS PAYMENT. The Secretary shall use $423,510,000 of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to make a supplemental payment under section 202 of the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-224; 7 U.S.C. 1421 note) to producers of the 2000 crop of oilseeds that previously received a payment under such section. SEC. 3. SUPPLEMENTAL PEANUT PAYMENT. The Secretary shall use $54,210,000 of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to provide a supplemental payment under section 204(a) of the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 (Public Law 106- 224; 7 U.S.C. 1421 note) to producers of quota peanuts or additional peanuts for the 2000 crop year that previously received a payment under such section. The Secretary shall adjust the payment rate specified in such section to reflect the amount made available for payments under this section. SEC. 4. SUPPLEMENTAL TOBACCO PAYMENT. (a) Supplemental Payment.--The Secretary shall use $129,000,000 of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to provide a supplemental payment under section 204(b) of the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-224; 7 U.S.C. 1421 note) to eligible persons (as defined in such section) that previously received a payment under such section. (b) Special Rule for Georgia.--The Secretary may make payments under this section to eligible persons in Georgia only if the State of Georgia agrees to use the sum of $13,000,000 to make payments at the same time, or subsequently, to the same persons in the same manner as provided for the Federal payments under this section, as required by section 204(b)(6) of the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000. SEC. 5. SUPPLEMENTAL WOOL AND MOHAIR PAYMENT. The Secretary shall use $16,940,000 of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to provide a supplemental payment under section 814 of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001 (as enacted by Public Law 106-387), to producers of wool, and producers of mohair, for the 2000 marketing year that previously received a payment under such section. The Secretary shall adjust the payment rate specified in such section to reflect the amount made available for payments under this section. SEC. 6. SUPPLEMENTAL COTTONSEED ASSISTANCE. The Secretary shall use $84,700,000 of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to provide supplemental assistance under section 204(e) of the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 (Public Law 106- 224; 7 U.S.C. 1421 note) to producers and first-handlers of the 2000 crop of cottonseed that previously received assistance under such section. SEC. 7. SPECIALTY CROPS. (a) Base State Grants.--The Secretary shall use $26,000,000 of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to make grants to the several States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to be used to support activities that promote agriculture. The amount of the grant shall be-- (1) $500,000 to each of the several States; and (2) $1,000,000 to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (b) Grants for Value Of Production.--The Secretary shall use $133,400,000 of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to make a grant to each of the several States in an amount that represents the proportion of the value of specialty crop production in the State in relation to the national value of specialty crop production, as follows: (1) California, $63,320,000. (2) Florida, $16,860,000. (3) Washington, $9,610,000. (4) Idaho, $3,670,000. (5) Arizona, $3,430,000. (6) Michigan, $3,250,000. (7) Oregon, $3,220,000. (8) Georgia, $2,730,000. (9) Texas, $2,660,000. (10) New York, $2,660,000. (11) Wisconsin, $2,570,000. (12) North Carolina, $1,540,000. (13) Colorado, $1,510,000. (14) North Dakota, $1,380,000. (15) Minnesota, $1,320,000. (16) Hawaii, $1,150,000. (17) New Jersey, $1,100,000. (18) Pennsylvania, $980,000. (19) New Mexico, $900,000. (20) Maine, $880,000. (21) Ohio, $800,000. (22) Indiana, $660,000. (23) Nebraska, $640,000. (24) Massachusetts,$640,000. (25) Virginia, $620,000. (26) Maryland, $500,000. (27) Louisiana, $460,000. (28) South Carolina, $440,000. (29) Tennessee, $400,000. (30) Illinois, $400,000. (31) Oklahoma, $390,000. (32) Alabama, $300,000. (33) Delaware, $290,000. (34) Mississippi, $250,000. (35) Kansas, $210,000. (36) Arkansas, $210,000. (37) Missouri, $210,000. (38) Connecticut, $180,000. (39) Utah, $140,000. (40) Montana, $140,000. (41) New Hampshire, $120,000. (42) Nevada, $120,000. (43) Vermont, $120,000. (44) Iowa, $100,000. (45) West Virginia, $90,000. (46) Wyoming, $70,000. (47) Kentucky, $60,000. (48) South Dakota, $40,000. (49) Rhode Island, $40,000. (50) Alaska, $20,000. (c) Specialty Crop Priority.--As a condition on the receipt of a grant under this section, a State shall agree to give priority to the support of specialty crops in the use of the grant funds. (d) Specialty Crop Defined.--In this section, the term ''specialty crop'' means any agricultural crop, except wheat, feed grains, oilseeds, cotton, rice, peanuts, and tobacco. SEC. 8. COMMODITY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM. The Secretary shall use $10,000,000 of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to make a grant to each of the several States to be used by the States to cover direct and indirect costs related to the processing, transportation, and distribution of commodities to eligible recipient agencies. The grants shall be allocated to States in the manner provided under section 204(a) of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7508(a)). SEC. 9. TECHNICAL CORRECTION REGARDING INDEMNITY PAYMENTS FOR COTTON PRODUCERS. (a) Conditions on Payment to State.--Subsection (b) of section 1121 of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1999 (as contained in section 101(a) of division A of Public Law 105-277 (7 U.S.C. 1421 note)), and as amended by section 754 of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001 (as enacted by Public Law 106-387; 114 Stat. 1549A-42), is amended to read as follows: ''(b) Conditions on Payment to State.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall make the payment to the State of Georgia under subsection (a) only if the State-- ''(1) contributes $5,000,000 to the indemnity fund and agrees to expend all amounts in the indemnity fund by not later than January 1, 2002 (or as soon as administratively practical thereafter), to provide compensation to cotton producers as provided in such subsection; ''(2) requires the recipient of a payment from the indemnity fund to repay the State, for deposit in the indemnity fund, the amount of any duplicate payment the recipient otherwise recovers for such loss of cotton, or the loss of proceeds from the sale of cotton, up to the amount of the payment from the indemnity fund; and ''(3) agrees to deposit in the indemnity fund the proceeds of any bond collected by the State for the benefit of recipients of payments from the indemnity fund, to the extent of such payments.''. (b) Additional Disbursements From the Indemnity Fund.--Subsection (d) of such section is amended to read as follows: ''(d) Additional Disbursement to Cotton Ginners.--The State of Georgia shall use funds remaining in the indemnity fund, after the provision of compensation to cotton producers in Georgia under subsection (a) (including cotton producers who file a contingent claim, as defined and provided in section 5.1 of chapter 19 of title 2 of the Official Code of Georgia), to compensate cotton ginners (as defined and provided in such section) that-- ''(1) incurred a loss as the result of-- ''(A) the business failure of any cotton buyer doing business in Georgia; or ''(B) the failure or refusal of any such cotton buyer to pay the contracted price that had been agreed upon by the ginner and the buyer for cotton grown in Georgia on or after January 1, 1997, and had been purchased or contracted by the ginner from cotton producers in Georgia; ''(2) paid cotton producers the amount which the cotton ginner had agreed to pay for such cotton received from such cotton producers in Georgia; and ''(3) satisfy the procedural requirements and deadlines specified in chapter 19 of title 2 of the Official Code of Georgia applicable to cotton ginner claims.''. (c) Conforming Amendment.--Subsection (c) of such section is amended by striking ''Upon the establishment of the indemnity fund, and not later than October 1, 1999, the'' and inserting ''The''. SEC. 10. INCREASE IN PAYMENT LIMITATIONS REGARDING LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS AND MARKETING LOAN GAINS. Notwithstanding section 1001(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308(1)), the total amount of the payments specified in section 1001(3) of that Act that a person shall be entitled to receive for one or more contract commodities and oilseeds under the Agricultural Market Transition Act (7 U.S.C. 7201 et seq.) during the 2001 crop year may not exceed $150,000. SEC. 11. TIMING OF, AND LIMITATION ON, EXPENDITURES. (a) Deadline for Expenditures.--All expenditures required by this Act shall be made not later than September 30, 2001. Any funds made available by this Act and remaining unexpended by October 1, 2001, shall be deemed to be unexpendable, and the authority provided by this Act to expend such funds is rescinded effective on that date. (b) Total Amount of Expenditures.--The total amount expended under this Act may not exceed $5,500,000,000. If the payments required by this Act would result in expenditures in excess of such amount, the Secretary shall reduce such payments on a pro rata basis as necessary to ensure that such expenditures do not exceed such amount. SEC. 12. REGULATIONS. (a) Promulgation.--As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Commodity Credit Corporation, as appropriate, shall promulgate such regulations as are necessary to implement this Act and the amendments made by this Act. The promulgation of the regulations and administration of this Act shall be made without regard to-- (1) the notice and comment provisions of section 553 of title 5, United States Code; (2) the Statement of Policy of the Secretary of Agriculture effective July 24, 1971 (36 Fed. Reg. 13804), relating to notices of proposed rulemaking and public participation in rulemaking; and (3) chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code (commonly known as the ''Paperwork Reduction Act''). (b) Congressional Review of Agency Rulemaking.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall use the authority provided under section 808 of title 5, United States Code. Speaker of the House of Representatives. Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate. A:

Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to use specified Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) funds for a market loss assistance payment to farm owners and producers who are eligible for a final FY 2001 production flexibility contract payment (such payment to be proportional to total 2001 flexibility contract payments received).(Sec. 2) Directs the Secretary to use specified CCC funds for supplemental 2000 payments to qualifying: (1) oilseed producers; (2) peanut producers; (3) wool and mohair producers; (4) tobacco producers (payments to Georgia producers may be made only if Georgia provides specified funds for such purpose); and (5) cottonseed producers and first handlers.(Sec. 7) Directs the Secretary to use specified CCC funds for grants to: (1) the States and Puerto Rico for agricultural promotion activities; and (2) the States (in specified amounts) for the value of specialty crop production. Defines "specialty crop" as any crop other than wheat, feed grains, oilseeds, cotton, rice, peanuts, and tobacco.(Sec. 8) Directs the Secretary to use specified CCC funds for grants to cover State transportation, processing, and distribution costs under the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983.(Sec. 9) Amends the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1999, as amended by the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001, respecting Cotton Producer Indemnity Fund payments to Georgia producers and ginners.(Sec. 10) Establishes a $150,000 individual limitation on 2001 loan deficiency payments and marketing loan gains.(Sec. 11) States that expenditures under this Act shall be made by September 30, 2001. Deems any funds remaining unused as of October 1, 2001, to be unexpendable. Rescinds authority to expend such funds as of that date.States that: (1) total expenditures under this Act shall not exceed $5.5 billion; and (2) payments shall be reduced on a pro rata basis if they would exceed such limitation.(Sec. 12) Directs the Secretary and the CCC to promulgate implementing regulations.

fc-sni-billsum

54310b5b661c57251bbd2562395821d302bde1e77767a65f602703c45dfcb2d5

Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage. Problem:Context: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of low-level light therapy (LLLT) in an acute colitis model in mice.', 'Low-level light therapy (LLLT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for various inflammatory processes such as oral mucositis and diabetic foot ulcers.', 'Colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice in four blinded controlled studies (validation of model, efficacy study, and two studies for evaluation of optimal dose). LLLT was applied to the colon utilizing a small diameter endoscope with an LED-based light source in several wavelengths (440, 660, and 850nm at 1J/cm(2)) and then 850nm at several doses (1, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.1J/cm(2)). LLLT was initiated 1 day prior to induction of colitis and went on for the 6 day induction period as well as for the following 3-10 days. Dose was controlled by changing exposure time. Disease activity was scored endoscopically and by histopathological assessment.', 'Statistically significant improvement in disease severity was observed in the treatment groups compared with the control groups. The three wavelengths used demonstrated efficacy, and a clear dose-response curve was observed for one of the wavelengths (850nm). On day 11, colonoscopic scoring in the sham-treated mice increased from 7.91.3 to 12.22.2, while activity in all treated groups remained stable. Answer: Photobiostimulation with LLLT has a significant positive effect on disease progression in mice with DSS colitis. Solution:

Does low-level light therapy induce mucosal healing in a murine model of dextran-sodium-sulfate induced colitis?

fc-sni-pubmed_qa

eed12ed402d0186913ffef5da07addea070c7cb9a47904a4e1b9161a816d03a2

Q: In this task, you are given Wikipedia articles on a range of topics, we ask you to write a question based on the content of the articles that can be answered in a binary manner i.e. True or False. Pan-American Highway -- The Pan-American Highway passes through many diverse climates and ecological types, from dense jungles, to arid deserts, to barren tundra, some of which are passable only during the dry season, and in many regions driving is occasionally hazardous. The Pan-American Highway system is physically mostly complete and extends in de facto terms from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, in North America to the lower reaches of South America. Several southern highway termini are claimed to exist, including the cities of Puerto Montt and Quellon in Chile and Ushuaia in Argentina. West and north of the Darien Gap, it is also known as the Inter-American Highway through Central America and Mexico where it splits into several spurs leading to the Mexico--US border. A:

is it possible to drive from alaska to chile

fc-sni-boolq

1a6156a085c36dd3a85f664f506b3e3965e1eb017a12733a908bbb82210ac519

Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage. Q: Context: Chronic inflammation in periodontal disease is associated with increased plasminogen activation and elevated levels of chemokines. It is unknown whether chemokines can regulate the activation of plasminogen via modulation of plasminogen activators (PA) and the corresponding plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI) in periodontal tissue.', 'To establish a link between chemokines and activation of plasminogen, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDL) and gingival fibroblasts (GF) were incubated with IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, and platelet factor-4, either alone or in the presence of the inflammatory mediators TGF-beta and IL-1. The potential of the cell lysates to activate plasminogen was based on kinetic studies with the substrate casein. Casein zymography was performed to determine the molecular sizes of the PA. Total PAI-1 in the cell-conditioned medium was quantified by immunoassay.', 'We report that the chemokines did not affect activation of plasminogen by PDL and GF. Even in the presence of TGF-beta which suppressed, and IL-1 which stimulated plasminogen activation, the chemokines had no direct effect. Inhibition of PA and plasmin, but not of matrix metalloproteinases and cysteine proteinases prevented caseinolysis. The plasminogen activation capacity of the cell lysates was represented by a single band with features of uPA. The immunoassay showed that the release of PAI-1 in PDL and GF remained unaffected by the chemokines, also when stimulated with TGF-beta. Answer: These results suggest that plasminogen activation by PDL and GF is not directly affected by the chemokines even in the presence of the inflammatory mediators TGF-beta and IL-1. A:

Is plasminogen activation by fibroblasts from periodontal ligament and gingiva directly affected by chemokines in vitro?

fc-sni-pubmed_qa

e23076b113ea83eeaf9dd252ebf352397c5c4a06ed51785fbb992309fd504ddb

TASK DEFINITION: You are given a sentence from a conversation between a human and a virtual assistant. Your task is to identify whether the sentence is a question or not. Answer with Yes or No. PROBLEM: Hotel Mumbai is fine. SOLUTION: No PROBLEM: Are you looking for Chinese food? Italian food? Some other kind of food? Which city are you planning on eating in? SOLUTION: Yes PROBLEM: Perfect. Find out if they have live music please. SOLUTION:

Yes

fc-sni-schema_guided_dstc8

468cd6b5aab58962d392b1d2094fb633043a59b0d0d9152f780e7b81a10df8d7

In this task, you will be presented with a text, a pronoun from the text, and two candidate names. You should determine what the pronoun refers to and classify the answers into A, B, or Neither. A and B here are referring to option A and option B. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s. Example input: He grew up in Evanston, Illinois the second oldest of five children including his brothers, Fred and Gordon and sisters, Marge (Peppy) and Marilyn. His high school days were spent at New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois. MacKenzie studied with Bernard Leach from 1949 to 1952. _His_ simple, wheel-thrown functional pottery is heavily influenced by the oriental aesthetic of Shoji Hamada and Kanjiro Kawai. <sep>, Pronoun: His <sep>, A: MacKenzie <sep>, B: Bernard Leach Example output: A Example explanation: Based on the text, his refers to MacKenzie so option A is correct. Q: Later in the day, he announced the reappointment of Paul Biyoghe Mba as Prime Minister; he made the announcement personally ''to underline the importance of this moment''. According to Bongo, Biyoghe Mba had the necessary experience and managerial competence ''to lead us through the next stage'', and _he_said work would start ''immediately''. <sep>, Pronoun: he <sep>, A: Bongo <sep>, B: Biyoghe Mba A:

A

fc-sni-gap

9990280c4e1afb8eac562e17e1832dfdfc7077c0413e4d4e84c5069ff9768ced

Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage. Let me give you an example: Context: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04). Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis. The answer to this example can be: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia? Here is why: The question is based on the following sentences from the two passages (i) Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) {ii) In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (iii) As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. and (iv) ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia. OK. solve this: Context: Lower respiratory tract infection is a common cause of consultation and antibiotic prescription in paediatric practice. The misuse of antibiotics is a major cause of the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, changes over time, and determinants of non-compliance with antibiotic prescription recommendations for children admitted in paediatric emergency department (PED) with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).', 'We conducted a prospective two-period study using data from the French pneumonia network that included all children with CAP, aged one month to 15years old, admitted to one of the ten participating paediatric emergency departments. In the first period, data from children included in all ten centres were analysed. In the second period, we analysed children in three centers for which we collected additional data. Two experts assessed compliance with the current French recommendations. Independent determinants of non-compliance were evaluated using a logistic regression model. The frequency of non-compliance was compared between the two periods for the same centres in univariate analysis, after adjustment for confounding factors.', 'A total of 3034 children were included during the first period (from May 2009 to May 2011) and 293 in the second period (from January to July 2012). Median ages were 3.0years [1.4-5] in the first period and 3.6years in the second period. The main reasons for non-compliance were the improper use of broad-spectrum antibiotics or combinations of antibiotics. Factors that were independently associated with non-compliance with recommendations were younger age, presence of risk factors for pneumococcal infection, and hospitalization. We also observed significant differences in compliance between the treatment centres during the first period. The frequency of non-compliance significantly decreased from 48 to 18.8% between 2009 and 2012. The association between period and non-compliance remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounding factors. Amoxicillin was prescribed as the sole therapy significantly more frequently in the second period (71% vs. 54.2%, p<0.001). Answer: We observed a significant increase in the compliance with recommendations, with a reduction in the prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics, efforts to improve antibiotic prescriptions must continue. Answer:

Is compliance with the current recommendations for prescribing antibiotics for paediatric community-acquired pneumonia improving : data from a prospective study in a French network?

fc-sni-pubmed_qa

2baa7b344026da6cde15cb093b54efbfd7e1c94bd16f4dec8d73e1bcba0fce2a

Teacher: In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a title for this text. The title should start with "TIFU by", followed by a situation that caused humor. The title should contain 7-12 words, ideally. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: Text: title speaks for itself really... i just wasted $1500 of my parents' money. i feel terrible. edit: i guess it wasn't that i took the wrong class, but the class i was taking wouldn't transfer credits over to my university. so really it was my negligence to do more research in the matter. gg Solution: TIFU by taking the wrong class for 2 weeks and only realizing it today Reason: This title is appropriate for the given text post because the focus of this post is about a humorous situation caused by "taking the wrong class". Now, solve this instance: Text: context: i'm an asian high school senior male. i asked my friend to help me find a date for prom and he told me megan would be willing to go with me. i confused this megan for a megan that i am friends with so i said yes. my friend gave me her phone number and we texted each other for a few hours before i realized that this was not the megan i knew, but rather, another megan. my parents are going to kill me. Student:

TIFU by mistaking dark chocolate for white.

fc-sni-reddit_tifu_dataset

70a495ffe25854c96c8fff7e6aa9d0e2483ae44fc65d328893ec50ff6d23610c

In this task, you will be presented with a question and you have to answer the question based on your knowledge. Your answers should be as short as possible. Signed as an un-drafted free agent by a team beginning their 13th season in the NFL , this players college team was called what ? Syracuse Orange Which university did the player in the Hall of Fame that is located in Canton , Ohio attend ? Morgan State University How many lived in 2010 in the town that Los Angeles Real World star Beth Stolarczyk is from ?

28,849

fc-sni-hybridqa

ec96174ee861e02b7cd675379bb3294d684308dd244ef986012975d8e15f3c53

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer. Do not ask questions that can be answered correctly without understanding the paragraph or having multiple answers. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. For each of your questions, the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph, and it should be unambiguous. Problem:Passage: Reid, Darrin, and Ben are three close friends who attend a party together one evening. During the party, Reid inexplicably vanishes. Unable to find him, Darrin and Ben leave. While driving home on a dark, secluded road, they suddenly find Reid standing in the middle of the road, leading to them nearly running him over. Once in the car, Reid seems detached and in a daze, though nothing is made of his odd behavior. The incident causes Reid to become obsessed with aliens and, in particular, Area 51. He spends the next three months devising a plan to infiltrate Area 51 and uncover the base's secrets. However, Reid's obsession with extraterrestrial research leaves him detached from his family and even causes him to lose his job. He is joined by Darrin, Ben, and Jelena, another conspiracy theorist whose father worked at Area 51. They plan on infiltrating the military base by using signal jammers, night vision goggles, Freon-laced jumpsuits, and pills to mask their ammonia levels.Per the advice of Jelena's father, the group stalks a man they suspect is an important figure at Area 51. Reid and Darrin sneak into the man's house and steal his security badge. Ben drops the three off in the middle of the desert and waits for them to return. Reid, Darrin and Jelena successfully bypass the base's perimeter defenses and enter the complex using the security badge they had previously acquired. The three venture deeper into the base where they discover a lab containing a life-like liquid substance and anti-gravity material. They also encounter an alien spacecraft in a hangar, which only Reid can enter and interact with. Solution:

What is the first name of the person that plans to infiltrate Area 51?

fc-sni-quoref

4203753d8ffc4a714b05876cf957fca5cd625e28f4c4f183e045bb498e453ee3

In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story. -------- Question: Sentence1: Tom was walking around. Sentence2: He found a wallet on the ground. Sentence3: It was completely empty. Sentence4: Tom thought it was a nice looking wallet. Sentence5: He kept it for himself. Answer: Tom Question: Sentence1: Tom was at the beach with friends. Sentence2: He had too much fun and forgot to put sunscreen on. Sentence3: Within hours someone pointed out how red he was. Sentence4: Tom was severely sunburned. Sentence5: He had to leave and get special healing lotion. Answer: Friends, Someone, Tom Question: Sentence1: Sandra is really unhappy with her hair. Sentence2: Her friends all criticize her it looks bad. Sentence3: She decides to do something about it. Sentence4: She heads to the salon to get a haircut. Sentence5: She shows off her new hair to hair friends and impresses them. Answer:

Friends, Sandra

fc-sni-storycommonsense

7d7e4391d9e6f95ea68f2f059e6976d0f15dabd8ad0f5b35600cea9888423637

Teacher:In this task, you're given a context passage, followed by a question that needs to be answered. Based on the paragraph, you must write unambiguous answers to the questions and your answer must refer to a specific phrase from the paragraph. If multiple answers seem to exist, write the answer that is the most plausible. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: I feel there is no point focusing on the past when something goes wrong . You can only move forward , put one foot in front of the other and take the necessary steps to deal with your actions . However , I am not completely happy with my behavior . I drink a lot when I'm around this crush . Question: What happens when they are around their crush ? Student:

They drink far too much .

fc-sni-mocha

cb0b637341454524d5018b25268fa74972cd2676227bf31351add3cba7e9a1aa

Detailed Instructions: Given a comment, classify it into a 'hate' speech or 'not hate' speech. Answer using 'hate' or 'not hate'. Problem:We whites have higher IQ's than blacks, this is because IQ measures intelligence and we are the more evolved and superior race with a larger brain. Solution:

hate

fc-sni-ethos

59cb586d951c8f91fa1041b959eac757c0d260dd2990019a6a4c0dfe4eb023d6

Teacher:You are shown a conversation between a user and system. Identify who has spoken the indicated sentence based on the conversation. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Sentence1: I will be in the north part of town. I'm looking for a place to go. I might even want to go swimming. Any suggestions? Sentence2: Sorry, I am leaving peterborough. Sentence3: What is the day of travel? Sentence4: I have 2 pools in the north. I think you may like Jesus Green outdoor pool. Would you like their information? Sentence5: Yes I need a train on Thursday to go to Cambridge. Sentence6: That's perfect I think. Please reserve 7 tickets for my group, and let me know the reference number when you have one. Sentence7: No, you have helped tremendously. Thank you. Sentence8: We have many trains that match your request, is there a specific time you want to leave by? Sentence9: The Jesus Green outdoor pool's phone number is 01223302579, postcode is cb43px and the address is between victoria road and the river. May I provide any further assistance? Sentence10: I don't want to get there too early. What is the train that will get me there nearest to 13:30. Sentence11: Thursday, and it should arrive by 13:30. Sentence12: Where would you like to leave from? Sentence13: TR3798 gets there at 13:09. Sentence14: Yes. Can I have the postcodes, phone numbers, and addresses? Sentence15: Thank you! Have a good day. Good bye. Sentence16: Okay great! Your reference number is EOQ7QISL, is there anything else you need? Question: Who has spoken the sentence 6? (A) User (B) System Student:

Answer: (A) User

fc-sni-multi_woz_v22

28c3c062c1c81497c60c86cbc27b1e6b2f48337b42c2c9a88d5c6ea6de92fa03

You are shown a conversation between a user and system. Identify who has spoken the indicated sentence based on the conversation. -------- Question: Sentence1: Okay great, have a good day. Sentence2: Yes, quite a few! There's Broughton House Gallery, the Whipple Museum of the History of Science, and more. Would you like to know more about them, or the others? Sentence3: Yes, can you book it for 3 people and get me the reference number? Sentence4: Primavera is at 10 King s parade CB2 1st, the phone number is 01233357708. What day would you like to board the train? Sentence5: Could I get the address, phone numbers, and postcodes of them please? I'm also looking for a train from cambridge to broxbourne. Sentence6: Can you find me a multiple sports attraction in the centre? Sentence7: No, actually. I am all finished. Thanks for the help. Goodbye. Sentence8: Train TR9580 departs from Cambridge at 10:01 on Sunday and arrives at Broxbourne at 11:01. Would that work for you? Sentence9: Sorry there's no multiple sports in the centre. Would you like to try a different area? Sentence10: There are 11 museums in the area. They are all free. There are several art museums, an archaelogy museum, and a science museum. Sentence11: Yes I would love some information. Sentence12: Are there any museums in the centre? Sentence13: Sunday, and it should arrive by 12:00. Sentence14: Booking was successful, the total fee is 42.96 GBP payable at the station . Reference number is : IRD8RUWO . Do you need help with anything else? Question: Who has spoken the sentence 2? (A) User (B) System Answer: Answer: (A) User Question: Sentence1: Right, Saturday, did you have a time you want to leave by? The trains leave every 30 minutes starting at 5:19 Sentence2: No I think that will be it, thank you for your help! Sentence3: Your booking was successful. Reference number is PR8JE3DU and total is 39.59 GBP. Can I help you with anything else today? Sentence4: Saturday from Peterborough to Cambridge for 3 people. I will need the reference number too please. Sentence5: It doesn't matter when I leave, as long as I arrive by 12:45. Sentence6: I wish to arrive before 12:45. Sentence7: There are 38 trains from Peterborough to Cambridge on Saturday, all throughout the day. Can narrow down the time of day you wish to travel? Sentence8: Yes, for the same group of 3 people from before. Sentence9: I am looking for moderately-priced three-star guesthouse in Cambridge. Sentence10: There are four guesthouses that meet your criteria. Do you need internet or parking? Sentence11: I have booked your stay at the alpha-milton guest house. The reference number is HS3MWJ10 Sentence12: I have located one hotel matching your search criteria, the Alpha-Milton Guest House. The phone number is 01223311625. Would you like to make a reservation? Sentence13: Sure. I will need to know how many people you would like to book it for, what day you would like and how many days you would like to stay. Sentence14: TR5538 leaves at 11:48 and will arrive by 12:38. Would you like for me to book this train for you? Sentence15: I'll need the reservation for 3 people starting Saturday for 4 nights. Sentence16: I would like to call them myself please. Thank you. Sentence17: Thank you, I will also need a train from Peterborough to Cambridge on Saturday. Is there anything available? Sentence18: Sure. Is there anything else I can help you with today? Sentence19: Yes please. Can I actually have you book them? I need the reference number as well. Sentence20: There are 14 trains arriving by that time. When would you like to leave? Sentence21: You're welcome. Enjoy your time in Cambridge! Sentence22: It doesn't need to have free parking and I don't care about the internet. Which guesthouse can accommodate for 3 people? Question: Who has spoken the sentence 13? (A) User (B) System Answer: Answer: (B) System Question: Sentence1: I was able to book you, your reference number is CEP20AFO ., total cost 57.28 payable at the station.. Any other questions? Sentence2: It is a college in the centre of town located at saint andrew's street, poscode cb23ap and their phone number is 01223334200. Sentence3: That's perfect. Please book it for 4 tickets. Sentence4: Good night, enjoy the rest of your evening. Sentence5: I need it to depart from Broxbourne and arrive in Cambridge. Sentence6: Train TR0279 arrives at 14:32 which is the closest one. Sentence7: Yes please. I've heard that Emmanuel College is an interesting place. What can you tell me about it? Sentence8: Where would you like to depart from and where do you want to arrive at? Sentence9: The TR7846 leaves at 09:32 and arrives at 10:32. Would that work? Sentence10: Great! I appreciate all the info. Goodbye! Sentence11: I'm looking for a train that arrives by 15:15 on saturday. Sentence12: Can I get one closer to my arrival time? Question: Who has spoken the sentence 6? (A) User (B) System Answer:

Answer: (A) User

fc-sni-multi_woz_v22

8689eef82de78ec9073eb1c935cd490db58c6add5966fc2fa7063d34fdee801e

You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. Classify the given a piece of financial news into three classes: positive, negative, and neutral. Output must be 'positive', 'negative', or 'neutral'. Finnish Suominen Flexible Packaging Ltd , owned by local textile company Suominen Corporation Group ( HEL : SUY1V ) , said today that it would start employee negotiations concerning its entire personnel in Finland . Output:

negative

fc-sni-financial_phrasebank

de790d757385a18c03bf8cc40137226d648b8b627205be23da26ab74e513bf1e

Detailed Instructions: You are given a paragraph (Passage), a question (Question) and two answer options (Option1 and Option2). Your task is to find the correct answer (and return the string of the correct option, not option1/2) for the given question from the given options and based on the given passage. Answer of the question can be found directly from the passage. Problem:Passage: Yesterday I went for a walk . It was really nice and relaxing ! The best part was that I was able to go with my friends . The way we decided to go for a walk was that we had about 20 minutes of free time , and this gave us the opportunity to go for a bit of a walk on the trail behind my house . I could tell that it was going to be nice outside because the weather was around 70 degrees with no chance of rain . I saw some other people walking on the trail as well , as well as others who were riding their bikes . It was an all around great day to take a walk with friends . Question: What was nice for them? Option1: snow Option2: nice weather Solution:

nice weather

fc-sni-mcscript

00c076aec8fdc8b3594e33f6bd0610c81cf92018249f89af2d64a1d22210d2e8

In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes). [Q]: Context: Joseph Mark "Joe" Trohman (born September 1, 1984) is an American musician, composer, and record producer. He is best known as the lead guitarist and backing vocalist of the American rock band Fall Out Boy, as well as the lead and rhythm guitarist for heavy metal supergroup The Damned Things. Fall Out Boy began as Trohman and Pete Wentz's side project from the hardcore punk scene they were involved with, and the band has scored three number one albums on the US "Billboard" 200., The iPod Touch (stylized and marketed as iPod touch) is an iOS-based all-purpose handheld PC designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a user interface that is touchscreen-based. It can be used as a music and video player, digital camera, handheld game device, and personal digital assistant (PDA). It connects to the Internet only through Wi-Fi base stations, does not use cellular network data, and is therefore not a smartphone, though it has a similar design to the iPhone and is often referred to as the "iPhone without a phone". Furthermore, it does not fit in Apple's iPhone accessories such as their leather cases. As of May 2013, 100 million iPod Touch units had been sold. It is also the most popular iPod model., The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first version was released on October 23, 2001, about 8 months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current versions of the iPod: the ultra-compact iPod Shuffle, the compact iPod Nano and the touchscreen iPod Touch., A mobile device (or handheld computer) is a small computing device, typically, small enough to hold and operate in the hand and having an operating system capable of running mobile apps. These may provide a diverse range of functions. Typically, the device will have a display screen with a small numeric or alphanumeric keyboard or a touchscreen providing a virtual keyboard and buttons (icons) on-screen. Many such devices can connect to the Internet and interconnect with other devices such as car entertainment systems or headsets via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or near field communication (NFC). Integrated cameras, digital media players, mobile phone and GPS capabilities are common. Power is typically provided by a lithium battery. , '' Headfirst Slide into Cooperstown on a Bad Bet '' is a song by the American rock band Fall Out Boy from their fourth studio album Folie a Deux ( 2008 ) . It was initially released as a digital single as part of the buildup to the new album on iTunes on October 7 , 2008 . The song impacted United States modern rock radio on June 15 , 2009 . The title of the song refers to former Major League Baseball player Pete Rose , known for sliding headfirst into bases . Rose agreed never to work in baseball again due to an accused betting scandal while managing the Cincinnati Reds and will likely be kept out of the Hall of Fame , located in Cooperstown , New York , because of it . The band originally intended to name - drop Rose in the song 's title . They changed their minds because of concerns about the lawsuit brought against OutKast over their 1999 single '' Rosa Parks '' by the civil rights activist , who was name - dropped in the title . '' Headfirst '' 's original working title was '' Does Your Husband Know ? '' . Chronologically , '' What a Catch , Donnie '' and '' America 's Suitehearts '' were released to iTunes after '' Headfirst Slide into Cooperstown on a Bad Bet '' . However , '' Headfirst Slide ... '' was never serviced to radio as an official single , while the former two were later released as radio singles , albeit in vice versa order ., Apple is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, a suburb of San Jose, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. Its hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, and the Apple TV digital media player. Apple's consumer software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites. Its online services include the iTunes Store, the iOS App Store and Mac App Store, Apple Music, and iCloud., Andrew Hurley (born May 31, 1980) is an American musician and drummer. He is best known as the drummer of the Chicago-based rock band Fall Out Boy. Prior to Fall Out Boy, Hurley played in several hardcore punk bands. He joined Fall Out Boy as the full-time drummer in 2003 and was in the band's lineup until its hiatus in 2009. Following that, he formed the heavy metal supergroup The Damned Things with Fall Out Boy guitarist Joe Trohman; the group went on hiatus after its debut album, "Ironiclast" (2010), due to band members focusing on their original bands' new album cycles. Hurley moved on to hardcore punk band Enabler which released a debut album and toured in 2012. Fall Out Boy regrouped and announced a new album and tour on February 4, 2013. The band's fifth studio album, "Save Rock and Roll", was released April 16, 2013, with the punk EP "PAX AM Days" announced on September 30 and was released on October 15 the same year. The band's sixth studio album "American Beauty/American Psycho" was released on January 16, 2015 and debuted at No. 1 on the US Billboard 200., Classic rock is a radio format which developed from the album-oriented rock (AOR) format in the early 1980s. In the United States, the classic rock format features music ranging generally from the late 1960s to the late 1980s, primarily focusing on commercially successful hard rock popularized in the 1970s. The radio format became increasingly popular with the baby boomer demographic by the end of the 1990s. , Pop punk (also known as punk-pop) is a punk rock music genre and a fusion genre that combines elements of punk rock with elements of pop music. Pop punk typically combines fast punk rock tempos, power chord changes and loud, distorted electric guitars with pop-influenced melodies and lyrical themes., Modern rock is an umbrella term describing rock made from the 1980s to present day. Some radio stations use the term to distinguish themselves from classic rock, which tend more towards 1960s-1980s rock music., Peter Lewis Kingston "Pete" Wentz III (born June 5, 1979) is an American musician. He is best known for being the bassist, primary lyricist and backing vocalist for the American rock band Fall Out Boy. Before Fall Out Boy's inception in 2001, Wentz was a fixture of the Chicago hardcore scene and was notably the lead vocalist and lyricist for Arma Angelus. During Fall Out Boy's temporary hiatus in 200912, Wentz formed the experimental, electropop and dubstep group Black Cards. He owns a record label, DCD2 Records, which has signed bands including Panic! at the Disco and Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy returned in February 2013., Take This to Your Grave is the debut studio album by American rock band Fall Out Boy. It was released on May 6, 2003, by Fueled by Ramen. The album was produced by Sean O'Keefe. When the band was signed to Island Records, Island employed an unusual strategy that allowed the band to sign with independent label Fueled by Ramen for their debut, to later move to the major label for a second album. O'Keefe had helped with the band's demo, and the group returned to Smart Studios in Madison, Wisconsin to record the bulk of their first album. Living on a stranger's floor for part of the time and running out of money halfway through, the band recorded seven songs in nine days, bringing them together with the additional three from the demo. While Stump had previously written all prior lyrics and took them lightly, Wentz took the process with a considerable seriousness and obsessively picked apart his bandmates' lyrics. The "exhausting" process led to numerous revisions of single songs and several arguments. The album cover, which features all four bandmates sitting on a broken futon, features a blue tint reminiscent of jazz records and was the second choice after the original was rejected by the label., Hardcore punk (often abbreviated to hardcore) is a punk rock music genre that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock. Its roots can be traced to earlier punk scenes in San Francisco and Southern California which arose as a reaction against the still predominant hippie cultural climate of the time and was also inspired by New York punk rock and early proto-punk. New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor. Hardcore punk generally disavows commercialism, the established music industry and "anything similar to the characteristics of mainstream rock" and often addresses social and political topics., iTunes (or ) is a media player, media library, online radio broadcaster, and mobile device management application developed by Apple Inc. It is used to play, download, and organize digital downloads of music and video (as well as other types of media available on the iTunes Store) on personal computers running the macOS and Microsoft Windows operating systems. The iTunes Store is also available on the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch., The iTunes Store is a software-based online digital media store operated by Apple Inc. It opened on April 28, 2003, and has been the largest music vendor in the United States since April 2008, and the largest music vendor in the world since February 2010. It offers over 43 million songs, 700,000 apps, 190,000 TV episodes and 45,000 films as of September 12, 2012. The iTunes Store's revenues in the first quarter of 2011 totalled nearly US$1.4 billion; by May 28, 2014, the store had sold 35 billion songs worldwide. , Fall Out Boy is an American rock band formed in Wilmette, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, in 2001. The band consists of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Patrick Stump, bassist Pete Wentz, lead guitarist Joe Trohman, and drummer Andy Hurley. The band originated from Chicago's hardcore punk scene, with which all members were involved at one point. The group was formed by Wentz and Trohman as a pop punk side project of the members' respective hardcore bands, and Stump joined shortly thereafter. The group went through a succession of drummers before landing Hurley and recording the group's debut album, "Take This to Your Grave" (2003). The album became an underground success and helped the band gain a dedicated fanbase through heavy touring, as well as some moderate commercial success. "Take This to Your Grave" has commonly been cited as an influential blueprint for pop punk music in the 2000s., Patrick Martin Stumph (born April 27, 1984), known professionally as Patrick Vaughn Stump, is an American musician, singer-songwriter, record producer, actor and music critic. He is the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, pianist and composer for the rock band Fall Out Boy, originally from Wilmette, Illinois. , Subject: headfirst slide into cooperstown on a bad bet, Relation: record_label, Options: (A) album (B) dcd2 records (C) digital (D) island records (E) itunes (F) loud (G) pax am (H) pop (I) record (J) rock music (K) safari [A]: island records [Q]: Context: St Thomas' Hospital is a large NHS teaching hospital in Central London, England. It is one of the institutions that comprise the King's Health Partners, an academic health science centre. Administratively part of the Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, together with Guy's Hospital and King's College Hospital it provides the location of the King's College London School of Medicine., Exeter College (in full: The Rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England and the fourth oldest college of the University., King's College London (informally King's or KCL) is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, and a founding constituent college of the federal University of London. King's was established in 1829 by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington and received its royal charter in the same year. In 1836, King's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London. In the late 20th century, it grew through a series of mergers, including with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology (in 1985), the Institute of Psychiatry (in 1997), the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery (in 1998)., Sir Richard Hughes '' Rick '' Trainor KBE , FRHS , FKC FAcSS ( born 31 December 1948 ) , is an academic administrator and historian who served as the Principal of King 's College London from 2004 to 2014 . He was previously the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Greenwich from 2000 to 2004 . He is currently Rector of Exeter College , Oxford . Trainor was born in the United States . He was awarded an honorary knighthood ( KBE ) in June 2010 for services to higher education in the United Kingdom . The award was honorary because of his American nationality , but on 31 December 2010 the knighthood was made substantive by Queen Elizabeth II following his assumption of British nationality ., A royal charter is a formal document issued by a monarch as letters patent, granting a right or power to an individual or a body corporate. They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as cities (with municipal charters) or universities and learned societies. Charters should be distinguished from warrants and letters of appointment, as they have perpetual effect. Typically, a Royal Charter is produced as a high-quality work of calligraphy on vellum. The British monarchy has issued over 980 royal charters. Of these about 750 remain in existence. The earliest was to the town of Tain in 1066, making it the oldest Royal Burgh in Scotland, followed by the University of Cambridge in 1231. Charters continue to be issued by the British Crown, a recent example being that awarded to the Chartered Institute for the Management of Sport and Physical Activity, on 7 April 2011., The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union., Chelsea College of Science and Technology was established as a College of Advanced Technology on a single site on the corner of Manresa Road and King's Road, Chelsea, London SW3, as part of the University of London in 1966 and was granted its Royal Charter in 1971 at which time it was renamed Chelsea College. In 1985, it merged with King's College London., The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University or simply Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England, United Kingdom. While having no known date of foundation, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled northeast to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two "ancient universities" are frequently jointly referred to as "Oxbridge"., London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly., The University of Greenwich is a British, United Kingdom-based university. It has three campuses in London and Kent, England. These are located at Greenwich, in the grounds of the Old Royal Naval College, and in Avery Hill and Medway., The United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals was the name given to the joint medical and dental school formed in London as a result of the merger of Guy's Hospital Medical School, St Thomas's Hospital Medical School and the Royal Dental Hospital of London., The University of London is a collegiate research university located in London, England, consisting of 18 constituent colleges, nine research institutes and a number of central bodies., The Old Royal Naval College is the architectural centrepiece of Maritime Greenwich, a World Heritage Site in Greenwich, London, described by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) as being of "outstanding universal value" and reckoned to be the "finest and most dramatically sited architectural and landscape ensemble in the British Isles". The site is managed by the Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College (Foundation), set up in July 1998 as a Registered Charity to "look after these magnificent buildings and their grounds for the benefit of the nation". The grounds and some of its buildings are open to visitors. The buildings were originally constructed to serve as the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich, now generally known as Greenwich Hospital, which was designed by Christopher Wren, and built between 1696 and 1712. The hospital closed in 1869. Between 1873 and 1998 it was the Royal Naval College, Greenwich., Subject: rick trainor, Relation: employer, Options: (A) capital (B) rector (C) school (D) the atlantic (E) the nation (F) time (G) united nations (H) university of cambridge (I) university of greenwich (J) university of london (K) university of oxford [A]: university of oxford [Q]: Context: Al-Masjid an-Nabaw (Prophet's Mosque) is a mosque established and originally built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, situated in the city of Medina in Saudi Arabia. Al-Masjid an-Nabawi was the third mosque built in the history of Islam and is now one of the largest mosques in the world. It is the second-holiest site in Islam, after Masjid al-Haram in Mecca. It is always open, regardless of date or time., The Madinah Region ("Al-Madnah al-Munawarah") is a region of Saudi Arabia, located on the country's west side, along the Red Sea coast. It has an area of 151,990km and a population of 1,777,973 (2010 Census), subdivided into seven governorates ("muafaat"):, Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is an Arab sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth-largest state in Asia and second-largest state in the Arab world after Algeria. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert or barren landforms., Religion is a cultural system of behaviors and practices, world views, sacred texts, holy places, ethics, and societal organisation that relate humanity to what an anthropologist has called "an order of existence". Different religions may or may not contain various elements, ranging from the "divine", "sacred things", "faith", a "supernatural being or supernatural beings" or "some sort of ultimacy and transcendence that will provide norms and power for the rest of life.", Muhammad (c.570 CE 8 June 632 CE) is the central figure of Islam and widely regarded as its founder by non-Muslims. He is known as the "Holy Prophet" to Muslims, almost all of whom consider him to be the last prophet sent by God to mankind to restore Islam, believed by Muslims to be the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings, practices, and the Quran, formed the basis of Islamic religious belief., Jeddah (sometimes spelled "Jiddah" or "Jedda" "Jidda" ) is a city in the Hijaz Tihamah region on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, the largest sea port on the Red Sea, and the second-largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh. With a population currently at 4.2 million people, Jeddah is an important commercial hub in Saudi Arabia., The Hajj ("" "pilgrimage") is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the most holy city of the Muslims, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and can support their family during their absence. It is one of the five pillars of Islam, alongside Shahadah, Salat, Zakat, and Sawm. The Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people in the world. The state of being physically and financially capable of performing the Hajj is called "istita'ah", and a Muslim who fulfills this condition is called a "mustati". The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people, and their submission to God (Allah). The word Hajj means "to intend a journey", which connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions., Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques ( Arabic : dim al - aramayn as - Sarfayn ) , sometimes translated as Servant of the Two Noble Sanctuaries or Protector of the Two Holy Cities , is a royal style that has been used by many Islamic rulers including the Ayyubids , the Mamluk Sultans of Egypt , the Ottoman Sultans , and the modern Saudi kings . The title refers to the monarch taking the responsibility of guarding and maintaining the two holiest mosques in Islam , Al - Masjid al - Haram ( the Sacred Mosque ) in Mecca and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi ( the Prophet 's Mosque ) in Medina ., The Hejaz, also Al-Hijaz ("", literally "the Barrier"), is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia. The region is so called as it separates the land of the Najd in the east from the land of Tihamah in the west. It is also known as the "Western Province." It is bordered on the west by the Red Sea, on the north by Jordan, on the east by the Najd, and on the south by Asir. Its main city is Jeddah, but it is probably better known for the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina. As the site of Islam's holiest places, the Hejaz has significance in the Arab and Islamic historical and political landscape., Mecca or Makkah ("" ) is a city in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia that is also capital of the Makkah Region. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level. Its resident population in 2012 was roughly 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during the "hajj" ("pilgrimage") period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of "Dhu al-Hijjah"., The Makkah Region or Mecca Region ("") is the most populous region (mintaqah) in Saudi Arabia. It is located in western Saudi Arabia and has an extended coastline. It has an area of 153,128km and a population of 6,915,006 (2010 census). Its capital is Mecca (also transliterated as Makkah), the holiest city in Islam, and its largest city is Jeddah, which is also Saudi Arabia's main port city. The third major city is Taif., Medina (', "the radiant city"; or , ', "the city"), also transliterated as Madnah, is a city in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia that is also the capital of the Al Madinah Region. The city contains al-Masjid an-Nabawi ("the Prophet's Mosque"), which is the burial place of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and is the second-holiest city in Islam after Mecca., Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the "sunnah", composed of accounts called "hadith") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God., Subject: custodian of the two holy mosques, Relation: country, Options: (A) al madinah region (B) algeria (C) arabia (D) egypt (E) iraq (F) jordan (G) oman (H) saudi arabia (I) united arab emirates (J) world [A]:

saudi arabia

fc-sni-wiki_hop

e7d6cc536f84c76d749f3915a32f2bcd0dc826751d2396eb358c49a4a7ebd560

You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task. In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3. Question: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin? Passage 1: The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lo during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war, . Passage 2: John Ford (18941973) was an American film director whose career spanned from 1913 to 1971. During this time he directed more than 140 films. Born in Maine, Ford entered the filmmaking industry shortly after graduating from high school with the help of his older brother, Francis Ford, who had established himself as a leading man and director for Universal Studios. After working as an actor, assistant director, stuntman, and prop man often for his brother Universal gave Ford the opportunity to direct in 1917. Initially working in short films, he quickly moved into features, largely with Harry Carey as his star. In 1920 Ford left Universal and began working for the Fox Film Corporation. During the next ten years he directed more than 30 films, including the westerns The Iron Horse (1924) and 3 Bad Men (1926), both starring George O'Brien, the war drama Four Sons and the Irish romantic drama Hangman's House (both 1928 and both starring Victor McLaglen). In the same year of these last two films, Ford directed his first all-talking film, the short Napoleon's Barber. The following year he directed his first all-talking feature, The Black Watch. . Passage 3: Since the late 1970s, the central part of NYU is its Washington Square campus in the heart of Greenwich Village. Despite being public property, and expanding the Fifth Avenue axis into Washington Square Park, the Washington Square Arch is the unofficial symbol of NYU. Until 2008, NYU's commencement ceremony was held in Washington Square Park. However, due to space constraints, ceremonies are now held at the Yankee Stadium. Important facilities at Washington Square are the Elmer Holmes Bobst Library, designed by Philip Johnson and Richard Foster, who also designed several other structures, such as Tisch Hall, Meyer Hall, and the Hagop Kevorkian Center. When designing these buildings Johnson and Foster also set up a master plan for a complete redesign of the NYU Washington Square campus. However, it was never implemented. Other historic buildings include the Silver Center (formerly known as "Main building"); the Brown Building of Science; Judson Hall, which houses the King Juan Carlos I of Spain Center; Vanderbilt Hall, the historic townhouse row on Washington Square North; The Grey Art Gallery at 100 Washington Square East, housing the New York University art collection and featuring museum quality exhibitions; the Kaufman Management Center; and the Torch Club the NYU dining and club facility for alumni, faculty, and administrators. Just a block south of Washington Square is NYU's Washington Square Village, housing graduate students and junior and senior faculty residences in the Silver Towers, designed by I. M. Pei, where an enlargement of Picasso's sculpture Bust of Sylvette (1934) is displayed. . Solution: 1 Why? The question refers to the 704th unit and task about war which is decribed by Passage 1. New input: Question: Which country was the largest that Kohl helped push for international recognition? Passage 1:In 1971, Bob Shad, who had worked with her as producer at Mercury, asked her to record for his label, Mainstream, which he had founded after leaving Mercury. Breaking a four-year hiatus, Vaughan signed a contract with Mainstream and returned to the studio for A Time in My Life, a step away from jazz into pop music with songs by Bob Dylan, John Lennon, and Marvin Gaye arranged by Ernie Wilkins. She didn't complain about this eclectic change in direction, but she chose the material for her next album after admiring the work of Michel Legrand. He conducted an orchestra of over one hundred musicians for Sarah Vaughan with Michel Legrand, an album of compositions by Legrand with lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman. The songs brought some of the musicians to tears during the sessions. But Shad wanted a hit, and the album yielded none. She sang a version of the pop hit "Rainy Days and Mondays" by the Carpenters for Feelin' Good. This was followed by Live in Japan, her first live album since 1963. Sarah Vaughan and the Jimmy Rowles Quintet (1974) was more experimental, containing free improvisation and some unconventional scatting. Passage 2:Patrick Kevin Day of the Los Angeles Times praised Michael Giacchino's musical score, writing that "I'm reminded of the heights of emotion this series can evoke." Jarett Wieselman of the New York Post thought that the finale's split and two-week break was "not cool", but asked "how brilliant was Sun's smackdown on her bad daddy?". Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger wrote that "when Lost is at its best it manages to balance revelations with great character moments. I don't know that I'd put this one in the pantheon (again, a lot of it was set-up for [Parts 2 & 3]), but it was definitely in the spirit of what I love about the show." Kristin dos Santos of E! praised the chemistry between Naveen Andrews and Andrea Gabriel, who play Sayid and Nadia, respectively. Chris Carabott of IGN gave Part 1 of the three-hour finale a 7.9. He commended the music and called it "a good opening to what should be an exciting season finale"; however, the lack of suspense in favor of set-up was cited as the reason for the modest rating. However, Carabott gave Parts 2 & 3 a perfect 10 review, tying with other perfect-10 episodes such as "The Constant" and "Through the Looking Glass". He stated that "Not a moment is wasted in this brilliantly paced and well-executed conclusion to what has been a fantastic season." Dan Compora of SyFy Portal called "Part 1" "an excellent setup episode [with] fast pace, important revelations, and nearly a full utilization of the cast". Compora decided that "certain characters work much better in very small doses a little bit of [Hurley] goes a long way [and] it was nice to see Jack featured without completely dominating an episode." Oscar Dahl of BuddyTV summed up Part 1 as "very good", but said that the opening flashforward in which the Oceanic Six are reunited with their families was anticlimactic and "although each flashforward scene had minor and major revelations, it felt patched together and a little sloppy, like Lindelof and Cuse had all this ground to cover in their quest to link all the action up to the final scene of season 3 That said, the flashforward scenes all played out exceedingly well." Daniel of TMZ welcomed the return of Richard (on the island) and gave the episode an "A", saying that it had "more than a few fantastic scenes. All the flashforward scenes tonight were right on the money as far as I was concerned." Jay Glatfelter of The Huffington Post "really liked this episode" and concluded that it "definitely showcased the new breath of life the fourth season gave to the show." Passage 3:As Chancellor Kohl was strongly committed to European integration and FrenchGerman cooperation in particular; he was also a steadfast ally of the United States and supported Reagan's more aggressive policies in order to weaken the Soviet Union. Kohl's 16-year tenure was the longest of any German Chancellor since Otto von Bismarck. He oversaw the end of the Cold War and the German reunification, for which he is generally known as Chancellor of Unity. Together with French President Francois Mitterrand, Kohl was the architect of the Maastricht Treaty, which established the European Union (EU) and the euro currency. Kohl was also a central figure in the eastern enlargement of the European Union, and his government led the effort to push for international recognition of Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina when the states declared independence. He played an instrumental role in solving the Bosnian War. Domestically, Kohl's policies focused on economic reforms and later also on the process of integrating the former East Germany into the reunited Germany, and he moved the federal capital from the "provisional capital" Bonn back to Berlin, although he himself never resided there because the government offices were only relocated in 1999. Kohl also greatly increased federal spending on arts and culture. After his chancellorship, Kohl's reputation suffered domestically because of his role in the CDU donations scandal and he had to resign from his honorary chairmanship of the CDU after little more than a year in January 2000, but he was partly rehabilitated in later years. The later Chancellor Angela Merkel started her political career as Kohl's protegee. Solution:

3

fc-sni-iirc

86898406e8265d8dc209468f3d245a24604bae5168d94a2eff65feecbf00c0e7

Q: You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review. The taste is bitter, the smell is atrocious, and they are not naturally smoked. "Aqueous natural smoke" is a chemical stew injected into the fish. For anyone thinking these are the real thing, all I can say is 'there is a sucker born every minute.' A:

Negative

fc-sni-amazon_fine_food_reviews

dfa14685e1006fa4fd36fa4204ab43065d21d8ad4949c7652c9542f9a93b0f15

Instructions: In this task, you're given a context passage, followed by a question that needs to be answered. Based on the paragraph, you must write unambiguous answers to the questions and your answer must refer to a specific phrase from the paragraph. If multiple answers seem to exist, write the answer that is the most plausible. Input: Also the groom was standing at the front but kept his back to the door the whole time the bride was walking in , until she arrived at the front , at which point I guess he felt he could turn around . This also seemed a bit strange , isn't the whole point of the bride walking in is so that the groom can see her enter ? Or watch her or something ? I didn't really get it . Question: What may have been a quality of the wedding ? Output:

The guy getting married was acting odd .

fc-sni-mocha

aa537ad5897e9fae7049dbf06231c7bf28c295bf252321dca7ae1d5cf700d273

In this task, you are given a context paragraph of the tweet and question. Your task is to generate right answer of given question based on given context tweet paragraph. Example Input: Context: Obama on 2016 campaign: "It's not even Survivor or the Bachelorette. I mean it's like some 'Love and Hip-Hop' stuff" CNN (@CNN) November 4, 2016 Question: when did obama refer to reality tv shows Example Output: during the 2016 campaign Example Input: Context: Every now and then i post a message with a long caption because I'm speaking from my heart. I know Khloe (@khloekardashian) April 10, 2016 Question: what does she post? Example Output: a message. Example Input: Context: On approach to dwarf planet #Ceres, new @NASA_Dawn images hint at a cratered surface. U NASA (@NASA) January 19, 2015 Question: what is hinted at in the images? Example Output:

a cratered surface

fc-sni-tweetqa

d63a93080194896c6c1231b94868159c8fc0e65fe4ad61864e8a836a714bc893

Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You are given two sentences(Sentence1 and Sentence2). Answer "Yes" if these sentences are a paraphrase of one another, otherwise answer "No". Sentence1: Bush 's aides describe Omaha as the most crucial stop , since Sen. Ben Nelson ( D-Neb . ) has become their top lobbying target on the tax cut package ., Sentence2: Bush 's aides describe Omaha as the most crucial stop , since Senator Ben Nelson , Democrat of Nebraska , has become their top lobbying target on the tax-cut package .

Yes

fc-sni-mrpc

3185e51334800d252417d7f1d735fa25ea5b962876a8ec8c5c5a7bcce10457fe

instruction: Languages typically provide more than one grammatical construction to express certain types of messages. Your task is to generate a senetence with the same meaning as given sentence, but with different grammatical construction. question: Mary expressed a man wearing a hat her condolences answer: Mary expressed her condolences to a man wearing a hat question: Bob pulled a man the chair answer: Bob pulled the chair to a man question: John flung the man from work the jacket answer:

John flung the jacket to the man from work

fc-sni-dais

a94abe553236d22e8553abbc0be564c5db9e66b09227202decdd6092bce40f89

In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a title for this text. The title should start with "TIFU by", followed by a situation that caused humor. The title should contain 7-12 words, ideally. -------- Question: Text: ok, so, this happened several years ago. so, basically, my school had a thing where everyone in year 8(12-13) got to go on a school trip to normandy, at the end of the school year, around the time that d-day happened in 1944. this isn't that expensive for people who live in the uk, because it's only a few miles of water, and your there, so almost everyone came. we had to choose a group of people to share a room with. there were five beds, so we had to make a group of five. i had to go with one of my friends who i didn't talk with much anymore, one of his friends, a disabled kid, and one of his friends. party of my fucking life. so, this disabled kid's friend is the only one who's relevant to the story, so, for the sake of storytelling, we'll call him adolf hitler. you can guess how much i enjoyed his company. so, on the second day we were there, we had just got back from visiting a snail farm, or some shit, so everyone was just talking in the area outside the hostel, and then i decided to go up stairs to get my camera, and my other friend who was sharing the room with me also needed to get something, so we went to our room, and i went to my bag to get my camera, and my friend went to the toilet. i wasn't taking much notice, but my friend quickly slammed the toilet door and said, 'holy shit, dialent, don't go in the toilets, adolf hitler is in their, and he's *fucking naked*!' or something along those lines. so, my mentally inept 13-year-old mind thought he was talking about the down-stairs toilet, and proceeded to enter the bathroom. and there was adolf hitler with his hands behind his head, standing up, with no clothes covering his lower body, vigorously thrusting, while urinating into the toilet. god help me, i can still remember it vividly. so, being the gossipy little shits we were, we spread the fact that hitler enjoyed thrust-pissing without trousers on like wildfire. the best thing that came out of this was the fact that i had blocked the toilet the previous day had been overshadowed by hitler's thrust-pissing. Answer: TIFU by Honouring the Allied forces' storming of the beaches of Normandy Question: Text: this happened last week.. i'm a new teacher at a new school and we had new teacher orientation to introduce us to the school, meet the staff and what not. that morning, i was trying on different clothes and i put on these khakis that were a little snug, but my so said they made my butt look good... so i wore them. fast forward to after lunch on orientation day. my classroom just had some work done on it, so all of my stuff was packed up in boxes and had to be moved into my classroom. so for about two hours, i'm lugging boxes and random stuff from storage rooms to my classroom with my fellow teachers and some administrators. finally, a student who was there helping out goes, " wow, that's a big rip in your pants." i'm horrified.. and turn around and look to see that my pants are ripped from below my left cheek all the way up to my waist line.. i don't know when they ripped.. nor do i know how long they were ripped. but the only person who said anything was a student.. classic first day at a new job. everyone seen my furry ass cheek. Answer: TIFU by wearing pants that made my butt look good Question: Text: so this happened about 2 years ago but whatever. i had been home sick for three days with a horrible stomach flu. the kind of flu where you keep a barf bucket with you wherever you go. i had just finished taking my third bath of the day when i headed to bed. 3 hours or so later, i woke up with those horrible diarrhea gut knots. i knew the reckoning was approaching. i gingerly waddled to the bathroom (any exertion whatsoever would have been a one-way ticket to brown town). i readied my self on the seat and started painting the bowl. not even thirty seconds through it, i feel a vomet comit coming on. for some reason, i thought it was a good idea to remove my sputtering sphincter from the seat and vomit into the shit-filled toilet. because of the smell of my rancid flu shit, the puke was extra strong. the exertion from that heave caused my ass to explode and form a chocolate pool on the floor. then, as im squatting in front of the bowl, i manage to lose my footing on the floor due to the shit water. i slip downwards, still vomiting, and slam my head against the toilet bowl. i was out cold. i woke up the next morning caked in shit and vomit. fuck the flu. Answer:

TIFU by pooping/vomiting on the floor and passing out in it

fc-sni-reddit_tifu_dataset

76451b1508521fcca247c90865867cf3cc1cc9034d8b211ceae32b037b9c0057

In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2. Your job is to write a single word that describes the genre that the two sentences belong to, such as face-to-face, government, letters, 9/11, slate, telephone, travel, verbatim, oup, fiction. Example Input: Sentence 1: I was about to say that studies showed no connection. Sentence 2: I was about to speak. Example Output: slate Example Input: Sentence 1: Other benefits, such as a single mobilization, a single construction manager, and sharing of large construction equipment for the two projects exist, but they are not expected to make a significant difference due to the difference in size between the SCR and ACI portions of the combined project. Sentence 2: There is benefit to the shared components of a project with both SCR and ACI. Example Output: government Example Input: Sentence 1: The late 15th-century cathedral (Duomo di San Giovanni) cherishes one of Italy's most celebrated (and controversial) relics, the shroud said to have wrapped Jesus after his descent from the crose taking the imprint of his face and body. Sentence 2: The cathedral sees an average of twenty thousand visitors each week. Example Output:

travel

fc-sni-multinli

cb8b54a937acd6b1195cd69b1ff7f0eb697dc6ef9124f668f9cf972448da6b16

Q: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted. officials' need for maintaining order and discipline in school is such that school officials do not need either probable cause or a search warrant to search students and their belongings. Instead, T.L.O. provides that "the legality of a search of a student should depend simply on the reasonableness, under all the circumstances, of the search." Id. at 341,105 S.Ct. 733. In evaluating whether a search is reasonable under the circumstances, T.L.O. requires that courts apply a two-prong test: (1) whether the school authority's search was justified at its inception and (2) whether the search was reasonably related in scope to the circumstances that justified the interference. Id.; see also Safford Unified Sch. Dist. No. 1 v. Redding, U.S.-, 129 S.Ct. 2633, 2639, 174 L.Ed.2d 354 (2009) (<HOLDING>). At issue in the present case is the first Holding statements: (A) holding warrantless search of probationers home by law enforcement officer for investigatory purposes was reasonable when conditions of probation included a search term and search was supported by reasonable suspicion (B) holding a warrantless search of cell phone contents did not exceed permissible scope of search incident to arrest (C) holding that refusal to consent to search cannot support a finding of reasonable suspicion (D) holding that when reasonable suspicion exists a school search will be permissible in its scope when the measures adopted are reasonably related to the objectives of the search (E) holding that the challenged item was within the scope of the search because it reasonably fell within the expressed object of the search even though it turned out to be the defendants personal property A:

(D)

fc-sni-casehold

0980006439504e70e14f53aada1404a7edfb3a420c744c11277045d9cb7c712e

In this task, you're given a sentence and your task is to generate a simplified sentence that focuses on lexical paraphrasing from the original sentence given in the input. Input: Consider Input: captive longevity is 20 to 30 years , with rare accounts of over 40 years , reports of a individual living to 40 years in philadelphia zoo. Output: captive life expectancy is usually 20 to 30 years . however an individual lived to 40 in the philadelphia z. Input: Consider Input: in a departure from his usual repertoire , he sang " you ' ll never walk alone " from the broadway musical carousel at the berlin live 8 concert in 2005. Output: to be different , he sang " you ' ll never walk alone " from the broadway musical carousel at the berlin live 8 concert in 2005. Input: Consider Input: a condiment is a relish , sauce , or seasoning added to food to impart a particular flavour or to complement the dish.

Output: a condiment is a relish , sauce , or seasoning added to food to add a particular flavor or to complement the dish.

fc-sni-turk

7da614275e828062070ffff9369a3dd58da7bb6851c533bdeecb942e7a3715f1

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a question and you have to answer the question based on your knowledge. Your answers should be as short as possible. Problem:How many races consisted of this one day road bicycle competition of which Belgian former professional road bicycle racer born in 1984 was the winner ? Solution:

four

fc-sni-hybridqa

c13b9e2cad963230330d55f3c28fdc00f9d564c3a3bfdcfa93886fcc3acea201

In this task, you are given Yelp reviews. The task is to classify a review as "POSITIVE" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEGATIVE" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative. Q: Ramsay needs to film an episode of Kitchen Nightmares here. The food and service are nowhere near what he should be offering from a restaurant with his name on it. Service was slow. Our waitress went on lunch before our food came out we were told. The soda was really flat. Im no soda snob, but both the root beer and pepsi were flat. For $4.00 each,They should at least come with carbonation. Asked for a Miller Lite, 15 mins later got an unknown beer that was def not Miller Lite. Burgers were overcooked. MW when ordered Med. Cheese was not melted. Fries were undercooked. Just overall not what you would expect from a guy who demands such high standards from the people he helps and trains. The best part was actually the Ketchup (Catsup) which is made in-house. Doubt I would eat there again just for that though. A:

NEGATIVE

fc-sni-yelp_polarity

8883740f86744ba865f35ed30f660d9daf08efced2eddb024256383f96c00ef8

In this task, you are given Yelp reviews. The task is to classify a review as "POSITIVE" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEGATIVE" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative. One example is below. Q: This is my go to place to get the best chicken Pad Thai! Also the price is super good, considering most places have high prices and poor quality. Love this place, its definitely a top 5 fav for take out. A: POSITIVE Rationale: The overall sentiment of the review is positive. Hence, the label is 'POSITIVE'. Q: I don't know why I've repeatedly gone back to this place over the years. The ambience is nice, and it's a cute place to bring out-of-town guests to wile away an afternoon. But the food is nothing to write home about -- Los Mesquites down the street is much better -- and far too expensive for quality that is comparable to what you can get at Filiberto's at 2 AM for 1/4 the price. Our last visit clinched my decision not to return when we had the most obnoxious waiter on earth. He spent the entire time he waited on us talking about how he was majorly hung over and explaining in detail how on his last shift he belittled his customers. The only thing more inappropriate would have been for him to compliment my boobs, which come to think of it would've probably been better. Oh, and by the way, one night I drove past here at around 10:00 before the front gate was shut and saw a bobcat moseying out the front door and across the street to Frontier Town - probably looking or a beer after chowing a duck. A:

NEGATIVE

fc-sni-yelp_polarity

8872f15361656fb72c3a04a75fc490d59dc2f152efac0fd7649c0162115faf89

In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes). Context: Documentation is a set of documents provided on paper, or online, or on digital or analog media, such as audio tape or CDs. Examples are user guides, white papers, on-line help, quick-reference guides. It is becoming less common to see paper (hard-copy) documentation. Documentation is distributed via websites, software products, and other on-line applications., Prior art (state of the art or background art), in most systems of patent law, is constituted by all information that has been made available to the public in any form before a given date that might be relevant to a patent's claims of originality. If an invention has been described in the prior art, a patent on that invention is not valid., Bibliometrics is statistical analysis of written publications , such as books or articles . Bibliometric methods are frequently used in the field of library and information science , including scientometrics . For instance , bibliometrics are used to provide quantitative analysis of academic literature . Citation analysis and content analysis are commonly used bibliometric methods . Many research fields use bibliometric methods to explore the impact of their field , the impact of a set of researchers , or the impact of a particular paper . Bibliometrics also has a wide range of other applications , such as in descriptive linguistics , the development of thesauri , and evaluation of reader usage ., Citation analysis is the examination of the frequency, patterns, and graphs of citations in documents. It uses the pattern of citations, links from one document to another document, to reveal properties of the documents. A typical aim would be to identify the most important documents in a collection. A classic example is that of the citations between academic articles and books. The judgements produced by judges of law to support their decisions refer back to judgements made in earlier cases so citation analysis in a legal context is important. Another example is provided by patents which contain prior art, citation earlier patents relevant to the current claim., Archival science, or archival studies, is the study and theory of building and curating archives, which are collections of recordings and data storage devices., Broadly, a citation is a reference to a published or unpublished source (not always the original source). More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot where the citation appears. Generally the combination of both the in-body citation and the bibliographic entry constitutes what is commonly thought of as a citation (whereas bibliographic entries by themselves are not). References to single, machine-readable assertions in electronic scientific articles are known as nanopublications, a form of microattribution., Library and information science (LIS) (sometimes given as the plural library and information sciences) or as "library and information studies" is a merging of library science and information science. The joint term is associated with schools of library and information science (abbreviated to "SLIS"). In the last part of 1960s, schools of librarianship, which generally developed from professional training programs (not academic disciplines) to university institutions during the second half of the 20th century, began to add the term "information science" to their names. The first school to do this was at the University of Pittsburgh in 1964. More schools followed during the 1970s and 1980s, and by the 1990s almost all library schools in the USA had added information science to their names. Weaver Press: Although there are exceptions, similar developments have taken place in other parts of the world. In Denmark, for example, the 'Royal School of Librarianship' changed its English name to The Royal School of Library and Information Science in 1997. Exceptions include Troms, Norway, where the term documentation science is the preferred name of the field, France, where information science and communication studies form one interdiscipline, and Sweden, where the fields of Archival science, Library science and Museology have been integrated as Archival, Library and Museum studies., The term interdiscipline or inter-discipline means an organizational unit that involves two or more academic disciplines, but which have the formal criteria of disciplines such as dedicated research journals, conferences and university departments. It is related to interdisciplinarity, but it is a noun used for a certain kind of unit (academic discipline). As shown in the example of demography below a field may be both a discipline and an interdiscipline at the same time. The example of Information science demonstrates that a field may be regarded as a discipline in some countries but an interdiscipline in other countries., Scientometrics is the study of measuring and analysing science, technology and innovation. Major research issues include the measurement of impact, reference sets of articles to investigate the impact of journals and institutes, understanding of scientific citations, mapping scientific fields and the production of indicators for use in policy and management contexts. In practice there is a significant overlap between scientometrics and other scientific fields such as bibliometrics, information systems, information science and science of science policy., Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe., Library science (often termed library studies, library and information science, bibliothecography, library economy) is an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field that applies the practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, and other areas to libraries; the collection, organization, preservation, and dissemination of information resources; and the political economy of information. Martin Schrettinger, a Bavarian librarian, coined the discipline within his work (1808-1828) "Versuch eines vollstandigen Lehrbuchs der Bibliothek-Wissenschaft oder Anleitung zur vollkommenen Geschaftsfuhrung eines Bibliothekars". Rather than classifying information based on nature-oriented elements, as was previously done in his Bavarian library, Schrettinger organized books in alphabetical order. The first American school for library science was founded by Melvil Dewey at Columbia University in 1887. It is an aspect of the broader field of librarianship., Information science is an interdisciplinary field primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information. Practitioners within the field study the application and usage of knowledge in organizations, along with the interaction between people, organizations and any existing information systems, with the aim of creating, replacing, improving, or understanding information systems. Information science is often (mistakenly) considered a branch of computer science; however, it predates computer science and is a broad, interdisciplinary field, incorporating not only aspects of computer science, but often diverse fields such as archival science, cognitive science, commerce, communications, law, library science, museology, management, mathematics, philosophy, public policy, and the social sciences., Museology, or museum studies (also known in older sources as museography), is the study of museums, museum curation, art exhibitions and how museums developed into their institutional role in education through social and political forces. Museologists also organize the display of artifacts in museums; organize exhibitions by choosing the display items; make purchases of rare and new collections for museum enrichment; identify, examine, clean, preserve, display or store art objects; and conduct educational programs and training courses. , Subject: bibliometrics, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) academic discipline (B) application (C) art (D) aspect (E) bibliometrics (F) building (G) citation (H) classification (I) collection (J) combination (K) communication (L) computer (M) copy (N) data (O) document (P) economy (Q) education (R) enterprise (S) evaluation (T) examination (U) frequency (V) information (W) joint (X) librarian (Y) library (Z) library science ([) line (\) machine (]) mathematics (^) museum (_) network (') order (a) paper (b) patent (c) pattern (d) people (e) practice (f) public policy (g) range (h) reference (i) research (j) science (k) set (l) single (m) software (n) state (o) study (p) technology (q) term (r) theory (s) time (t) training (u) two

academic discipline

fc-sni-wiki_hop

b8aa3b7f78307d3f02eb9a31180b031090b96a634eec04c92822d7021a4e4271

In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match. The receptors of this compound interact with the drugs sumatriptan [soo- mah-TRIP-tahn] and zolmitriptan. Carcinoid tumors release this compound, which is metabolized into 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid. This compound is structurally similar to tryptamine with a hydroxyl group at the five position. This compound is synthesized by neurons in the raphe [REY-fee] nuclei, but 90% of it is located in entero-chromaffin cells. For 10 points, name this neurotransmitter whose re-uptake is selectively inhibited by Zoloft, Prozac, and other anti-depressants known as SSRIs.

Science

fc-sni-qanta

c374aa343d16b39d2e18fb03c0a99ad5f0e3c9bcc8cfa6c65b75a80a2e626541

Q: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage. Context: The aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that short-term high salt intake reduces macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function in the absence of changes in blood pressure and to determine whether acute exercise restores endothelial function after high salt in women.', 'Twelve women were administered high salt (11g of sodium chloride for 7 days) and then underwent a weightlifting session. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and nitroglycerin dilation were measured with ultrasound at baseline, after high salt, and after weightlifting. Subcutaneous fat tissue biopsies were obtained at baseline, after high salt, and after weightlifting. Resistance arteries from biopsies were cannulated for vascular reactivity measurements in response to flow [flow-induced dilation (FID)] and acetylcholine.', 'Blood pressure was similar before and after high salt diet. Brachial flow-mediated dilation was reduced after high salt diet but was not affected by acute weightlifting. Brachial nitroglycerin dilations were similar before and after high salt. FID and acetylcholine-induced dilation of resistance arteries were similar to that of before and after high salt diet. FID and acetylcholine-induced dilation was not altered by weightlifting after high salt diet. However, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester significantly reduced FID at baseline and after exercise but had no effect dilator reactivity after high salt diet alone. Answer: These data suggest that high salt intake reduces brachial artery endothelial function and switches the mediator of vasodilation in the microcirculation to a non-nitric oxide-dependent mechanism in healthy adults and acute exercise may switch the dilator mechanism back to nitric oxide during high salt diet. A:

Does short-term high salt intake reduce brachial artery and microvascular function in the absence of changes in blood pressure?

fc-sni-pubmed_qa

1df19feeaa4362c4d4884c6c49b052e358a7d0fd7795350c69a667e188bebe15

You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task. In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a title for this text. The title should start with "TIFU by", followed by a situation that caused humor. The title should contain 7-12 words, ideally. Text: title speaks for itself really... i just wasted $1500 of my parents' money. i feel terrible. edit: i guess it wasn't that i took the wrong class, but the class i was taking wouldn't transfer credits over to my university. so really it was my negligence to do more research in the matter. gg Solution: TIFU by taking the wrong class for 2 weeks and only realizing it today Why? This title is appropriate for the given text post because the focus of this post is about a humorous situation caused by "taking the wrong class". New input: Text: i did it to mask a smell in my house (i'll let your imagination run wild with that one) and added a piece of paper, as a friend i usually never listen to advised me to do once. i had just gotten home maybe five minutes before this and needed to walk the dog i'm watching for a friend, so i left the house and went on a mile run with the dog. when i got back i walked in my bathroom where the candle was to see glass all over the floor and literally melting over everything. the candle had apparently exploded and the flame was probably about four feet high. i fucked up even more by trying to play firefighter and grabbing as much water as i could in the largest container i could find in the shortest amount of time. this only made the fire bigger and more aggressive. as another explosion happened, the flame grew. i literally stared at it in a panic as i tried to process what just happened and figure out next moves. right as i start to reach for the phone to call the fire department, the fire started sizzling out slowly until all that was left was a waxy, glassy, melted mess (i have a picture that barely does it justice). thankfully i moved the towels that were directly behind the candle before i left because tomorrow is the day my landlord comes to inspect the house and resign our lease for the upcoming year.... Solution:

TIFU by lighting a candle

fc-sni-reddit_tifu_dataset

1825ce19eba97d477bb5e2f5811525e0ca650c04ea7a24e2a1d7b1fca2b2306a

Detailed Instructions: Given reviews from Amazon, classify those review based on their content into two classes: Negative or Positive. Q: It doesn't stay firm even overnight. The motor burned out after a while. I bought a Coleman. . . . A:

Negative

fc-sni-amazon_polarity

c55b153d144b37ba46680d2e2f94a97099cf7f1d895382a0f60ca26489e4e825

In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer. Do not ask questions that can be answered correctly without understanding the paragraph or having multiple answers. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. For each of your questions, the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph, and it should be unambiguous. Example Input: Passage: Nixon in China is an opera in three acts by John Adams, with a libretto by Alice Goodman. Adams' first opera, it was inspired by U.S. President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. The work premiered at the Houston Grand Opera on October 22, 1987, in a production by Peter Sellars with choreography by Mark Morris. When Sellars approached Adams with the idea for the opera in 1983, Adams was initially reluctant, but eventually decided that the work could be a study in how myths come to be, and accepted the project. Goodman's libretto was the result of considerable research into Nixon's visit, though she disregarded most sources published after the 1972 trip. To create the sounds he sought, Adams augmented the orchestra with a large saxophone section, additional percussion, and electronic synthesizer. Although sometimes described as minimalist, the score displays a variety of musical styles, embracing minimalism after the manner of Philip Glass alongside passages echoing 19th-century composers such as Wagner and Johann Strauss. With these ingredients, Adams mixes Stravinskian 20th-century neoclassicism, jazz references, and big band sounds reminiscent of Nixon's youth in the 1930s. The combination of these elements varies frequently, to reflect changes in the onstage action. Following the 1987 premiere, the opera received mixed reviews; some critics dismissed the work, predicting it would soon vanish. However, it has been presented on many occasions since, in both Europe and North America, and has been recorded twice. In 2011, the opera received its Metropolitan Opera debut, a production based on the original sets, and in the same year was given an abstract production in Toronto by the Canadian Opera Company. Recent critical opinion has tended to recognize the work as a significant and lasting contribution to American opera. Example Output: What is the first name of the person who was in China in Adam's opera? Example Input: Passage: When Scranton agreed to take on Steamtown, U.S.A., it was estimated that the museum and excursion business would attract 200,000 to 400,000 visitors to the city every year. In anticipation of this economic boon, the city and a private developer spent $13 million to renovate the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W) station and transform it into a Hilton hotel, at a time when the unemployment rate in the city was 13 percent. Only 60,000 visitors showed up at Steamtown in 1987, and the 1988 excursions were canceled. After only three years, it was $2.2 million in debt and facing bankruptcy. Part of the problem was the cost of restoration of the new property and the deteriorating equipment. In addition, while the tourists in Vermont had enjoyed the sights of cornfields, farms, covered bridges, a waterfall and a gorge on a Steamtown excursion, the Scranton trip to Moscow, Pennsylvania, cut through one of the nation's largest junkyards, an eyesore described by Ralph Nader as "the eighth wonder of the world".In 1986, the U.S. House of Representatives, under the urging of Scranton native, Representative Joseph M. McDade, voted to approve the spending of $8 million to study the collection and to begin the process of making it a National Historic Site. By 1995, Steamtown was acquired and developed by the National Park Service (NPS) at a total cost of $66 million, and opened as Steamtown National Historic Site the same year. In preparation for its acquisition of the collection, the NPS had conducted historical research during 1987 and 1988 on the equipment that still remained in the foundation's possession. This research was used for a Scope of Collections Statement for Steamtown National Historic Site and was published in 1991 under the title Steamtown Special History Study. Aside from providing concise histories of the equipment, the report also made recommendations as to whether or not each piece belonged in the now government-funded collection. Historical significance to the United States was a criterion of the recommendations. Many of the pieces of equipment that did not meet the report's recommendations were sold or traded for pieces that had historical significance to the DL&W grounds on which the site is located. Example Output: What city was expecting to have an economic boon? Example Input: Passage: By December 1899, Tosca was in rehearsal at the Teatro Costanzi. Because of the Roman setting, Ricordi arranged a Roman premiere for the opera, even though this meant that Arturo Toscanini could not conduct it as Puccini had hopedToscanini was fully engaged at La Scala in Milan. Leopoldo Mugnone was appointed to conduct. The accomplished (but temperamental) soprano Hariclea Darclee was selected for the title role; Eugenio Giraldoni, whose father had originated many Verdi roles, became the first Scarpia. The young Enrico Caruso had hoped to create Cavaradossi, but was passed over in favour of the more experienced Emilio De Marchi. The performance was to be directed by Nino Vignuzzi, with stage designs by Adolfo Hohenstein.At the time of the premiere, Italy had experienced political and social unrest for several years. The start of the Holy Year in December 1899 attracted the religious to the city, but also brought threats from anarchists and other anticlericals. Police received warnings of an anarchist bombing of the theatre, and instructed Mugnone (who had survived a theatre bombing in Barcelona), that in an emergency he was to strike up the royal march. The unrest caused the premiere to be postponed by one day, to 14 January.By 1900, the premiere of a Puccini opera was a national event. Many Roman dignitaries attended, as did Queen Margherita, though she arrived late, after the first act. The Prime Minister of Italy, Luigi Pelloux was present, with several members of his cabinet. A number of Puccini's operatic rivals were there, including Franchetti, Pietro Mascagni, Francesco Cilea and Ildebrando Pizzetti. Shortly after the curtain was raised there was a disturbance in the back of the theatre, caused by latecomers attempting to enter the auditorium, and a shout of "Bring down the curtain!", at which Mugnone stopped the orchestra. A few moments later the opera began again, and proceeded without further disruption.The performance, while not quite the triumph that Puccini had hoped for, was generally successful, with numerous encores. Much of the critical and press reaction was lukewarm, often blaming Illica's libretto. In response, Illica condemned Puccini for treating his librettists "like stagehands" and reducing the text to a shadow of its original form. Nevertheless, any public doubts about Tosca soon vanished; the premiere was followed by twenty performances, all given to packed houses. Example Output:

What is the full name of the name of the Prime Minister that attended the opera that was delayed due to a possible bomb threat?

fc-sni-quoref

75bae5d44dd4a9f6f6f7e8f0ef4e17d11f6a6bc350bfc0b2d7f587ece9b2f969

Instructions: In this task, the input is a set of dialogues between a user and an assistant. You need to find the dialogue that is basically a response given to a question or an aspect of the user. Input: You are welcome. Seems like they are moving up in the world. Anything else I should know? Thank you for the information. How does the demographics contribute to everything? With a focused investment in public infrastructure and industrial parks, Ethiopia's economy is addressing its structural problem to become a hub for light manufacturing in Africa. Output:

With a focused investment in public infrastructure and industrial parks, Ethiopia's economy is addressing its structural problem to become a hub for light manufacturing in Africa.

fc-sni-curiosity_dialogs

ce47f7af8cdc0643cb624468662471afe04104c9a6337904b0840e9998f6e234

In this task, five ordered key facts are given. All the given facts are expressed in natural language. Your job is to generate a story 100 to 1000 words long, that includes all the facts given as input in their order of appearance while expanding upon them to produce a broader, yet coherent, narrative. Input: Consider Input: Fact1: Victoria Jones In final days of is serving in British Army British rule, Fact2: supporters of Mahatma Gandhi are protesting against British rule and communists Bhowani, Fact3: Colonel Rodney Savage Indian battalion has been sent to Bhowani to maintain law and order, Fact4: Victoria marry man from India, Fact5: Sikh co-worker of Taylor 's takes her to home introducing her to mother and to guest in home Output: India, 1947: In the final days of British rule, Victoria Jones, the daughter of an Indian mother and an English train engineer, is serving in the British Army. She returns on leave after four years to her home in Bhowani, where supporters of Mahatma Gandhi are nonviolently protesting against British rule and communists, led by a revolutionary known as Davay, foment riot and sabotage. She becomes reacquainted with a childhood sweetheart also of AngloIndian heritage, rail traffic superintendent Patrick Taylor, and with Colonel Rodney Savage, whose Indian battalion has been sent to Bhowani to maintain law and order as British rule ends. The protesters disrupt rail service and Savage places Victoria on duty during the crisis. He disperses the protesters but Victoria does not approve of his methods. She begins seriously contemplating her identity and speculates that she might marry a man from India, although clearly Taylor is still in love with her and Savage infatuated. Walking home alone one night, Victoria is attacked and nearly raped by Captain McDaniel, one of Savages officers, killing him with a steel bar. Finding her, a Sikh coworker of Taylors, Ranjit Kasel, takes her to his home and offers her sanctuary, introducing her to his mother, the Sardarni, and to a guest in their home, Ghan Shyam, who offers to hide McDaniels body after the Sadani worries that her son Ranjit will be accused of murdering the officer. Davays raids continue. He blows up a train, causing numerous deaths and injuries. Victoria, influenced by her love for India, decides to marry Ranjit, but fearing the complete loss of her identity during the ceremony, suddenly flee. When an army sentry is found murdered because he saw McDaniel and Victoria together just before she killed the officer, Victoria realizes that the man in Ranjits home, Ghan Shyam, is actually Davay and that the Sadani, once a notorious Indian resistance leader, has been harboring him. Davay kidnaps Victoria, using her to escape the city aboard her fathers train. Savage and Taylor intercept the train before it reaches a tunnel, rescuing Victoria but finding Davay has gone into the tunnel with dynamite. Taylor recklessly advances to defuse the dynamite but is shot by Davay, who is immediately killed by Savage. Savage, cradling Taylor as he dies, watches the passage of the train. On board is Gandhi, whom Davay meant to assassinate, thereby inciting further hostilities and riots. Savages duty in India ends and he is summoned back to England, but his love for Victoria has become overwhelming. When she refuses to marry him and live in England, he proposes to marry but remain in India, and she accepts. Savages superior offers to expedite his early release from military service as reward for his accomplishments. Input: Consider Input: Fact1: Therapist Tess Parker meets Paul Tomlinson, Fact2: Carla comes to Tess to tell her about former lover, Fact3: Madsen after left year, Fact4: Tess searches Carla 's apartment finding explicit love letter to Carla signed by Paul, Fact5: Paul Tess that killed wife Output: Therapist Tess Parker JoBeth Williams meets Paul Tomlinson Pierce Brosnan, an English professor shes wacky over, and hes also a guy that is too good to be true. Her patient Carla Virginia Madsen, comes to Tess to tell her about her former lover who wanted to marry her but needed some time after his wifes death, even though they started going out when he was still married. But after a year he left and never came back, only to tell her that he was with someone else. Tess tries to comfort Carla after she thought Carla was going to jump off the edge of a building. The descriptions Carla gives Tess of her former lover seem somewhat familiar, but not until the time Carla shows Tess book written by her former lover, that Tess realizes Carla is talking about Paul. Tess eventually confronts Paul about this and he says that he knew her as a librarian, and the time Tess saw him hug her was to thank her for getting a hard to find book for him. He says he had no relationship with her at all except sending her flowers to thank her for all her help with the book, and that he was not sleeping with her. Tess, believes him and they have a lovely, little snog. Carla shouts at Tess and drives away. Paul tells Carla to let her go. The next day, Tess goes to Carlas apartment, finding the door open and Carla gone. Tess searches Carlas apartment finding an explicit love letter to Carla signed by Paul, which she takes. In the morning she is confronted at home by Carla who warns Tess that Paul killed his wife, and that hed kill again. Tess asks Paul about the letter and he says it is a missing letter he wrote to his wife. Tess asks Paul how his wife died, and Paul says she died in a hiking accident in the mountains. They had just had an argument and he went back to the cabin, so he wasnt there. The rangers said it looked like she slipped. Tess tell Paul that Carla said he killed his wife. He said they werent the perfect couple by any means, but he loved her. They go to Carlas place and find it in disarray, with blood in the kitchen. Paul send Tess away, while he calls the police. At Pauls place, while he is showering, Tess is locked in a room with a burning chair. After Paul rescues Tess, the police find and question Carla, but lacking evidence they release her. Tess and Paul go to Pauls mountain cabin where it is snowing there. Paul puts a ring on her finger. It is the same ring as Carla said Paul had made especially for her. This was enough to start Tess believing that it is Paul who is lying, and that it is Carla all along who spoke the truth. While Paul is in another room, Tess sneaks out of the cabin, running into Carla who says she came to save Tess, and that they would have escape on foot because the roads were covered with ice. When Paul realises Tess is gone, he goes in search of her, following the footprints in the snow. When Paul catches up to Tess and Carla there is a confrontation, in which it is revealed the ring Carla has from Paul is actually the ring worn by Pauls deceased wife. The only way for Carla to have it, is for Carla to have taken it from her when Carla killed her. There is a fight in which Carla falls to her death. The next day Paul and Tess are leaving the mountain cabin. Tess gets into the car first, and looking for a map, she finds two identical rings, the same as she had been given from Paul and the same as his wife had been given from him. We see her shocked. The film ends with the camera zooming out on Paul getting into the car. Input: Consider Input: Fact1: Harvey Cheyne is spoiled son of American business tycoon Frank Burton Cheyne, Fact2: father takes son with him on business trip to Europe travelling there by trans-Atlantic steamship, Fact3: schooner 's captain intends fishing in Atlantic, Fact4: Harvey fails to persuade captain to take him back to New York, Fact5: Manuel In climbs to furl sail climactic race back to Gloucester against rival schooner

Output: Harvey Cheyne Freddie Bartholomew is the spoiled son of American business tycoon Frank Burton Cheyne Melvyn Douglas. He is shunned by his classmates at a private boarding school, and eventually suspended for bad behavior. His father therefore takes his son with him on a business trip to Europe, travelling there by transAtlantic steamship. Mid passage, Harvey falls overboard in the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. He is rescued by a PortugueseAmerican fisherman, Manuel Fidello Spencer Tracy, and taken aboard the fishing schooner Were Here, from Gloucester, Massachusetts. Harvey is shocked the schooners captain, Disko Troop Lionel Barrymore, intends fishing in the Atlantic for three more months. He fails to persuade the captain to take him back to New York nor can he convince him of his wealth; but Captain Disko offers Harvey temporary crew membership until they return to port. Harvey is reluctant to do real work but eventually accepts. Befriended by Captain Troops son, Dan Mickey Rooney, he becomes acclimated to the demanding fishing lifestyle. The Were Here fills with fish they catch. In the climactic race back to the Gloucester, Massachusetts port against a rival schooner, the Jennie Cushman, Manuel climbs to the top of the mast to furl the sail. However, the mast cracks and he is plunged into the icy sea. Manuel realizes that he is fatally injured because some of the rigging is entangled around his legs underwater; he tells the captain to cut him free from the boat, knowing this will kill him. As Manuel says goodbye to Harvey, who is crying and distraught, the captain cuts the rigging around Manuel, who sinks below the water. Eventually, the schooner returns to port and Harvey is reunited with his father, who is impressed by his sons greater maturity. The film closes with Harvey and his father commemorating Manuel at a church ceremony, before starting a sailing adventure together.

fc-sni-facts2story

506363210116c415485a64356314c8f59e38981f8a12991e53dc3c28e9a8339d

Teacher:In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: In multiagent systems (MASs), each agent makes individual decisions but all of them contribute globally to the system evolution. Learning in MASs is difficult since each agent's selection of actions must take place in the presence of other co-learning agents. Moreover, the environmental stochasticity and uncertainties increase exponentially with the increase in the number of agents. Previous works borrow various multiagent coordination mechanisms into deep learning architecture to facilitate multiagent coordination. However, none of them explicitly consider action semantics between agents that different actions have different influences on other agents. In this paper, we propose a novel network architecture, named Action Semantics Network (ASN), that explicitly represents such action semantics between agents. ASN characterizes different actions' influence on other agents using neural networks based on the action semantics between them. ASN can be easily combined with existing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms to boost their performance. Experimental results on StarCraft II micromanagement and Neural MMO show ASN significantly improves the performance of state-of-the-art DRL approaches compared with several network architectures. Student:

Our proposed ASN characterizes different actions' influence on other agents using neural networks based on the action semantics between them.

fc-sni-scitldr

e6bded4b77ab4b1d37ee5f29131c4b847070758eeeaeb9f4892d691f2303949b

In this task, five ordered key facts are given. All the given facts are expressed in natural language. Your job is to generate a story 100 to 1000 words long, that includes all the facts given as input in their order of appearance while expanding upon them to produce a broader, yet coherent, narrative. Q: Fact1: Andre Kriegman and Calvin Gabriel based on Dylan Klebold announce intention to attack high school calling, Fact2: Andre works at pizza place, Fact3: Cal and Andre planned to attack on first day, Fact4: boys preparing plan and weapons in Andre 's car, Fact5: pair After decide shoot themselves arguing over whether to engage police in gunfire A: Andre Kriegman based on Eric Harris and Calvin Gabriel based on Dylan Klebold announce their intention to attack their high school, calling their plan Zero Day. They keep a video diary on the camera, carefully hiding it from their friends and families. The majority of the film is portrayed through their video filming, and shows them planning, preparing, and explaining some of their motives. Other scenes show the two attending Andres birthday party, egging the house of someone they dislike, and Cal going to the prom while Andre works at a pizza place. In one video entry, Cal notes the origin of the name Zero Day: Cal and Andre originally planned to attack on the first day on which the temperature dropped to zero degrees after they had finished their preparations. This plan soon proved impractical, and they set May 1, 2001 as the new date. Wanting their attack to have a memorable name, they agreed to keep the original title. The second to last scene of the movie show the boys arriving at school on May 1 and preparing their plan and weapons in Andres car. Andre says that he could never have carried out Zero Day without Cals help, a sentiment Cal echoes. They run into the school, armed with three pistols, an M1 carbine, and a 12gauge pumpaction shotgun, all stolen from Andres father and cousin. The shooting is shown through the viewpoint of security cameras very similar to Columbine High School massacres view. The dialogue is heard via the cellphone of a student who is shot and killed. Shooting at anyone they see, Andre and Cal eventually see law enforcement arriving in force after sixteen minutes of shooting. After arguing over whether to engage the police in gunfire, the pair decide to count to three and shoot themselves. The next scene is set on May 10, nine days after the shooting. A group of youths film themselves going to a park where memorial crosses are standing. They say that Andre and Cal killed twelve students and themselves. Finding crosses for the pair, they set them on fire and run back to their cars. The last scene shows the two crosses burning. **** Q: Fact1: Sumangala 's death is revealed to Malavika, Fact2: Soman is in love with Malavika, Fact3: institution decides Malavika 's Arangettam to be performed, Fact4: Nandagopan On day of decides to test focus performance, Fact5: mouth And during is full but last scene A: Nandagopan Mohanlal is a respected dance teacher at the Kerala Kala Mandiram alluding to the famed Kerala Kalamandalam repertory which performs Keralas temple arts. However, his life takes a turn when his wife Sumangala Parvathi commits suicide because a quarrel had taken place between them. Because Nandagopan went to see his mother the quarrel was created when Nandagopan because of anger he said he wouldnt care if she died. Immature and child like Sumangala mistakes and takes his words seriously and commits suicide by burning herself. She also tried to kill herself at first because Nandagopan was to be wed and she couldnt bear to see it. But she was timely saved and married by him. Nandagopan to stop her on the midway but she was dead. In the film Sumangalas death is only revealed later to Malavika Monisha. People start thinking he killed his own wife. Saddened with grief he becomes alcoholic. He comes everyday to Kalamandalam and creates chaos. On one such occasion when he did this the police took him away as the new secretary of the institute velayudhan Nedmudi Venu wants him to be sacked but his former reputation gives him a reprieve. Once when he commented on Malavikas dance she feels very bad and started thinking bad on him. Meanwhile Soman Vineeth is in love with Malavika. Few days later the institution decides Malavikas Arangettam to be performed. On the day of performance Nandagopan decides to test her focus and creates chaos she immediately stops and the whole Arangettam is gone. Later when the students put up strike when he debates and apologises they are satisfied.one day when Malavika asks him to stop drinking he tells her his story And he had specially composed Sita Ramayana for his wife and now she is dead. Determined Malavika decides to perform it. Meanwhile while the closeness of the guru and shishya gets more there are many rumours. Soman tries to kill at first but he fails. On the day Malavikas program he mixes pesticide powder in thumbsup and is shocked when his brother tells there is nothing wrong between guru and shishya and they have blessed him. He is filled with grief and confesses the truth to his brother. They both are literally frightened and see thumbs up bottle in principal, Malavika and Nandagopans hands. Initially, it reaches to Nandagopan. And during the last scene his mouth is full of blood and everyone is horrified but he compels the program to be completed. Soon the program is completed and he falls down in the arms of Soman and Malavika and he dies imagining Sumangala calling him to her. **** Q: Fact1: Rama Krishnulu is story not by blood but by bond, Fact2: Rama is son of Satyananda, Fact3: Satyananda path of righteousness leaves him with wife and daughter murdered by men jailed by him, Fact4: orphan steals to feed poor, Fact5: men murdered mother and sister A:

Rama Krishnulu is the story of two brothers, not by blood but by the bond. Rama is the son of a Satyananda, a Sub Inspector, whose path of righteousness leaves him with his wife and daughter murdered by the men jailed by him. Rama survives the ordeal and his father believes that without sufficient evidence, theres nothing they can do to bring the murderers to justice. Rama runs away from home and meets Krishnudu, an orphan who steals to feed the poor. Rama and Krishnudu grow up to be bounty hunters who bring the convicted felons to justice. The story is about how Rama seeks his revenge on the men who murdered his mother and sister. ****

fc-sni-facts2story

55e6cc6d2bfc3cfbba7d007ce51f8900bf6fa998b623a1d960dad5f636bd7608

You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length. Rhubarb (Rheum emodi, family Polygonaceae) has been traditionally used as diuretic, liver stimulant, purgative/cathartic, stomachic, anticholesterolaemic, antitumour, antiseptic and tonic. A number of anthraquinone derivatives including emodin, aloe-emodin, physcion, chrysophanol, rhein, emodin glycoside and chrysophanol glycoside occur as the main chemical constituents. In the past few years, new components such as sulfemodin 8-O-b-D-glucoside, revandchinone-1, revandchinone-2, revandchinone-3, revandchinone-4, 6-methyl-rhein and 6-methyl aloe-emodin have been reported from the same species. Anthraquinone derivatives show evidence of antifungal, anti-microbial, anti-Parkinson's, anti-proliferative, immuno-enhancing, antiviral and antioxidant activities. This review covers published work on botany, chemistry and therapeutic uses of different components from rhubarb. Output:

Phytoconstituents and therapeutic uses of Rheum emodi wall. ex Meissn

fc-sni-coda_19

0301f73d390c614ad4ca6314a0125bfd83a53f83b16e8b34514e281879718386

In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill. Example: SECTION 1. LIABILITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES PROVIDING USE OF FACILITIES TO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS. (a) Definitions.--In this section: (1) Business entity.--The term ''business entity'' means a firm, corporation, association, partnership, consortium, joint venture, or other form of enterprise. (2) Facility.--The term ''facility'' means any real property, including any building, improvement, or appurtenance. (3) Gross negligence.--The term ''gross negligence'' means voluntary and conscious conduct by a person with knowledge (at the time of the conduct) that the conduct is likely to be harmful to the health or well-being of another person. (4) Intentional misconduct.--The term ''intentional misconduct'' means conduct by a person with knowledge (at the time of the conduct) that the conduct is harmful to the health or well-being of another person. (5) Nonprofit organization.--The term ''nonprofit organization'' means-- (A) any organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code; or (B) any not-for-profit organization organized and conducted for public benefit and operated primarily for charitable, civic, educational, religious, welfare, or health purposes. (6) State.--The term ''State'' means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession of the United States, or any political subdivision of any such State, territory, or possession. (b) Limitation on Liability.-- (1) In general.--Subject to subsection (c), a business entity shall not be subject to civil liability relating to any injury or death occurring at a facility of the business entity in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit organization if-- (A) the use occurs outside of the scope of business of the business entity; (B) such injury or death occurs during a period that such facility is used by the nonprofit organization; and (C) the business entity authorized the use of such facility by the nonprofit organization. (2) Application.--This subsection shall apply-- (A) with respect to civil liability under Federal and State law; and (B) regardless of whether a nonprofit organization pays for the use of a facility. (c) Exception for Liability.--Subsection (b) shall not apply to an injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct, including any misconduct that-- (1) constitutes a crime of violence (as that term is defined in section 16 of title 18, United States Code) or act of international terrorism (as that term is defined in section 2331 of title 18) for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; (2) constitutes a hate crime (as that term is used in the Hate Crime Statistics Act (28 U.S.C. 534 note)); (3) involves a sexual offense, as defined by applicable State law, for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; or (4) involves misconduct for which the defendant has been found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law. (d) Superseding Provision.-- (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2) and subsection (e), this Act preempts the laws of any State to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except that this Act shall not preempt any State law that provides additional protection from liability for a business entity for an injury or death with respect to which conditions under subparagraphs (A) through (C) of subsection (b)(1) apply. (2) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to supersede any Federal or State health or safety law. (e) Election of State Regarding Nonapplicability.--This Act shall not apply to any civil action in a State court against a business entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State enacts a statute-- (1) citing the authority of this subsection; (2) declaring the election of such State that this Act shall not apply to such civil action in the State; and (3) containing no other provision. Example solution: Shields a business entity from civil liability relating to any injury or death occurring at a facility of that entity in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit organization if: (1) the use occurs outside the scope of business of the business entity; (2) such injury or death occurs during a period that such facility is used by such organization; and (3) the business entity authorized the use of such facility by the organization. Makes this Act inapplicable to an injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct, including misconduct that: (1) constitutes a hate crime or a crime of violence or act of international terrorism for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; or (2) involves a sexual offense for which the defendant has been convicted in any court or misconduct for which the defendant has been found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law. Preempts State laws to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except State law that provides additional protection from liability. Specifies that this Act shall not be construed to supersede any Federal or State health or safety law. Makes this Act inapplicable to any civil action in a State court against a business entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State, citing this Act's authority and containing no other provision, enacts a statute declaring the State's election that this Act shall not apply to such action in the State. Example explanation: This Bill focuses on shielding business entities from civil liability relating to an injury or death depending on the conditions of injury, hence the generated summary is correct. Problem: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ''HIV Clinical Services Improvement Act''. SEC. 2. MEDICAID PAYMENT FOR SERVICES FURNISHED BY RYAN WHITE PART C GRANTEES ON A COST-BASED PROSPECTIVE PAYMENT SYSTEM. (a) In General.--Section 1902 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a)(15), by inserting before the semicolon at the end the following: ''and provide for payment for services described in section 1905(a) provided by a recipient of a grant under part C of title XXVI of the Public Health Service Act in accordance with subsection (ll)''; and (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection: ''(ll) Payment for Services Provided by Ryan White Part C Grantees.-- ''(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2016 with respect to services furnished on or after January 1, 2016, and each succeeding fiscal year, the State plan shall provide for payment for services described in section 1905(a) (in this subsection referred to as 'Medicaid covered services') furnished by a recipient of a grant under part C of title XXVI of the Public Health Service Act (in this subsection referred to as a 'grantee') in accordance with the provisions of this subsection. ''(2) Fiscal year 2016.--Subject to paragraph (4), for services furnished on and after January 1, 2016, during fiscal year 2016, the State plan shall provide for payment for such services in an amount (calculated on a per visit or similar basis as specified by the Secretary) that is equal to 100 percent of the average of the costs of the grantee of furnishing such services during fiscal years 2014 and 2015 which are reasonable and related to the cost of furnishing such services, or based on such other tests of reasonableness as the Secretary prescribes in regulations under section 1833(a)(3), or, in the case of services to which such regulations do not apply, the same methodology used under section 1833(a)(3), adjusted to take into account any increase or decrease in the scope of such services furnished by the grantee during fiscal year 2016. ''(3) Fiscal year 2017 and succeeding fiscal years.-- Subject to paragraph (4), for services furnished during fiscal year 2017 or a succeeding fiscal year, the State plan shall provide for payment for such services in an amount (calculated on a per visit or similar basis) that is equal to the amount calculated for such services under this subsection for the preceding fiscal year-- ''(A) increased by the percentage increase in the MEI (as defined in section 1842(i)(3)) applicable to primary care services (as defined in section 1842(i)(4)) for that fiscal year; and ''(B) adjusted to take into account any increase or decrease in the scope of such services furnished by the grantee during that fiscal year. ''(4) Establishment of initial year payment amount for new grantees.--In any case in which an entity first becomes a grantee after fiscal year 2015, the State plan shall provide for payment for Medicaid covered services furnished by the entity in the first fiscal year in which the entity so qualifies in an amount (calculated on a per visit or similar basis) that is equal to 100 percent of the costs of furnishing such services during such fiscal year based on the rates established under this subsection for the fiscal year for other such grantees located in the same or adjacent area with a similar case load or, in the absence of such a grantee, in accordance with the regulations and methodology referred to in paragraph (2) or based on such other tests of reasonableness as the Secretary may specify. For each fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the entity first qualifies, the State plan shall provide for the payment amount to be calculated in accordance with paragraph (3). ''(5) Administration in the case of managed care.-- ''(A) In general.--In the case of services furnished by a grantee pursuant to a contract between the grantee and a managed care entity (as defined in section 1932(a)(1)(B)), the State plan shall provide for payment to the grantee by the State of a supplemental payment equal to the amount (if any) by which the amount determined under paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) exceeds the amount of the payments provided under the contract. ''(B) Payment schedule.--The supplemental payment required under subparagraph (A) shall be made pursuant to a payment schedule agreed to by the State and the grantee, but in no case less frequently than every 4 months. ''(6) Alternative payment methodologies.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the State plan may provide for payment in any fiscal year to a grantee for Medicaid covered services in an amount which is determined under an alternative payment methodology that-- ''(A) is agreed to by the State and the grantee; and ''(B) results in payment to the grantee of an amount which is at least equal to the amount otherwise required to be paid to the grantee under this subsection. ''(7) Quality management and reporting requirements.--The Secretary shall require that, as appropriate, a grantee shall be subject to quality management and reporting requirements comparable to those imposed on Federally-qualified health centers, including reporting of encounter data, clinical outcomes data, quality data, and such other data as the Secretary shall require, as a condition of such grantee receiving payment for Medicaid covered services under this subsection.''. (b) Effective Date.-- (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply to services furnished on or after January 1, 2016, without regard to whether or not final regulations to carry out such amendments have been promulgated by such date. (2) In the case of a State plan for medical assistance under title XIX of the Social Security Act which the Secretary of Health and Human Services determines requires State legislation (other than legislation appropriating funds) in order for the plan to meet the additional requirement imposed by the amendments made by subsection (a), the State plan shall not be regarded as failing to comply with the requirements of such title solely on the basis of its failure to meet this additional requirement before the first day of the first calendar quarter beginning after the close of the first regular session of the State legislature that begins after the date of the enactment of this Act. For purposes of the previous sentence, in the case of a State that has a 2-year legislative session, each year of such session shall be deemed to be a separate regular session of the State legislature.

Solution: HIV Clinical Services Improvement Act This bill amends title XIX (Medicaid) of the Social Security Act to require payment under the Medicaid program for services furnished by recipients of Ryan White Part C grants, which support comprehensive primary care in outpatient settings for individuals living with HIV. Providers must be paid an amount equivalent to the prior average costs of providing these services. However, a state plan may establish an alternative payment methodology that: (1) is agreed to by the state and the grantee, and (2) results in payment to the grantee that at least equals the amount otherwise required to be paid to the grantee under the bill. As a condition of receiving payment under the bill, a grantee shall be subject to specified quality management and reporting requirements.

fc-sni-billsum

4e1e7b412e64a1c7def74240dd108f9e53b4b73ad660ea85210f5df5ee364acc

Q: In this task, you will be presented with a text, a pronoun from the text, and two candidate names. You should determine what the pronoun refers to and classify the answers into A, B, or Neither. A and B here are referring to option A and option B. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s. Catherine Charlotte De la Gardie has been described as talented, brave, beautiful and clear sighted, without prejudices and with an open mind. She received but a shallow education meant to make her attractive on the marriage market, but she educated herself in various subjects and became a supporter of the age of enlightenment. She was a life friend of Olof von Dahlin and Carl von Linn*, who expressed _his_ admiration of her. <sep>, Pronoun: his <sep>, A: Olof von Dahlin <sep>, B: Carl von Linn* A:

B

fc-sni-gap

44639221dce1b51da4c5f6de4757f37faaf45fc46883a0a570068485775d0f03

Write a correct answer for the question. You should reason about prototypical situations and provide the correct answer. Avoid answers that provide incomplete justification for the question. name a way a kid might get around town bike name a famous building thats big enough to house a dinosaur empire state bldg name a reason a person might get rid of a pet

moving

fc-sni-proto_qa

f089b281bf429a03b743c79fd792f8b6546f465852b2ee8ea072f38baad68251

In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story. [EX Q]: Sentence1: Isaac was prone to bouts of depression. Sentence2: He never made many friends, and was usually found by himself. Sentence3: He imagined that no one would miss him and began to cry. Sentence4: His mother heard his sobbing and came to find out what was wrong. Sentence5: She encouraged him that she would miss him if he disappeared. [EX A]: Isaac, Friends, Mother [EX Q]: Sentence1: My wife used the vacuum cleaner today. Sentence2: It is very noisy. Sentence3: Our cat hates it. Sentence4: She hid under the bed for an hour after the vacuuming stopped. Sentence5: She slowly came out and is fine now. [EX A]: Our cat, My wife [EX Q]: Sentence1: Part of Mark's job was to train all the new people at the restaurant. Sentence2: Today Mark had to train Gina to be the hostess. Sentence3: She was shy on the phones and wasn't polite greeting guests. Sentence4: Mark decided that she was not cut out for this job so he fired her. Sentence5: Gina was sad and vowed to find a job she is good at. [EX A]:

Gina, People, Mark

fc-sni-storycommonsense

79ce34b3622d0ff8a2f26d601b66cba2c6e49c711dc29cba83ebad884cc6f4b7

Detailed Instructions: You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review. Problem:I've been using Lourdes Chimichurri for years - The stuff is awesome. I use it mostly when cooking fish but have recently started to put it in my family's sandwiches. We're also big fans of the guava and mango spreads. Highly recommend these products if you're looking for great taste without the preservatives. Solution:

Positive

fc-sni-amazon_fine_food_reviews

c8aca3a3b1389ddf30aae3018e8d4f3d0bf806981e305617e0ccdf17bd7004ef

Instructions: In this task, five ordered key facts are given. All the given facts are expressed in natural language. Your job is to generate a story 100 to 1000 words long, that includes all the facts given as input in their order of appearance while expanding upon them to produce a broader, yet coherent, narrative. Input: Fact1: group of puppies are stolen from pet store, Fact2: Emily plays portion of Ludwig van Beethoven 's Fifth Symphony on piano, Fact3: Varnick visits Newton home under guise of doing follow-up exam on Beethoven, Fact4: George fearing for family 's safety takes him to reluctantly Varnick 's office, Fact5: own family hate him for taking Beethoven to be put down Output:

A group of puppies are stolen from a pet store by two thieves. A St. Bernard escapes and sneaks into the Newtons home. The workaholic father, George Newton, doesnt want the responsibility of owning a dog, but his wife, Alice, and their children, Ryce, Ted and Emily, convince him. When Emily plays a portion of Ludwig van Beethovens Fifth Symphony on the piano, he barks along and they name him Beethoven. Beethoven helps the children overcome their problems: he helps Ryce talk to her crush, scares off the bullies for Ted and saves Emilys life when she falls in the swimming pool of an irresponsible babysitter. George, jealous of the affection Beethoven receives, feels neglected as the family fawns over the dog. Beethovens antics ruin a barbecue he is hosting for Brad and Brie, venture capitalists looking to invest in and secretly swindle him out of his car freshener firm. The family takes Beethoven to a veterinarian, Dr. Herman Varnick, for a routine medical examination and immunizations. They are unaware that he is involved in unethical and deadly animal experimentation and that he hired the two thieves. He speaks to George and tells him of a supposed mental instability among St. Bernards making them potentially dangerous to humans and advises him to watch Beethoven closely for any sign of viciousness. He actually requires largeskulled dogs such as St. Bernards for an ammunition test. Dr. Varnick visits the Newton home under the guise of doing a followup exam on Beethoven. He puts fake blood on his arm and hits Beethoven until he leaps on him. He tells George that Beethoven has to be euthanized or he will press charges. Emily, who saw Dr. Varnick hit him, protests that the attack was fake, but George, fearing for his familys safety, reluctantly takes him to Dr. Varnicks office. It is on the way there that George discovers his own affections for him: he remembers his father had to take their dog to the vet to be euthanized and he never forgave him for it. He fears that his own family will hate him now for taking Beethoven to be put down. When he returns home with the empty leash and collar, his family leaves the dinner table rather than remain with him. After recognizing the childrens sadness and having a conversation with Alice, the family goes to Dr. Varnicks office, but he claims that Beethoven has already been put down. George notices that Dr. Varnick has no bite marks on his arm and punches him. The family follows Dr. Varnick to his warehouse. Beethoven breaks free but is recaptured by Harvey and Vernon, while Alice calls the police. George crashes through the skylight just as Dr. Varnick prepares to shoot Beethoven. Before he can, a captive Jack Russell Terrier bites him in the crotch, causing him to fire a shot in the air. During the fight, Ted drives the car into the building, launching numerous syringes into Varnick, sedating him. As the family frees all the captive dogs, they notice Harvey and Vernon trying to escape and send the dogs after them. They escape into a junkyard, only to be attacked by a pack of Dobermans guarding it. Dr. Varnick, Harvey, and Vernon are arrested for animal abuse. The family is praised as heroes by the news and George takes a new liking to Beethoven. Ryce also gets a phone call from her crush. The family then goes to sleep, saying good night to Beethoven and all of the dogs they rescued, who are all sleeping in the Newtons bedroom.

fc-sni-facts2story

902bb3940aa2d8510e547f3ff2aa2e5eb63a88933795983f15d507d899cecbc4

In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a title for this text. The title should start with "TIFU by", followed by a situation that caused humor. The title should contain 7-12 words, ideally. Input: Consider Input: Text: this was actually a few years ago. at the time, i had a boss whom i had a pretty easygoing working relationship with. we worked well together, saw eye to eye on a lot of things, and could generally talk to each other about personal stuff without it getting in the way of the job (she was a good source of solace when the relationship i was in at the time fell apart, for example). so one time she was out of town spending a few days with her family. one day i noticed that she'd received a package in the mail that was marked, "perishable." i shot her a quick e-mail saying, "hey, you have a package from xyz inc. (or some other generic sounding company) marked 'perishable.' do you want me to do anything with it?" she replied that she had no idea what it could be and asked if i minded doing a little snooping and seeing what it was. thinking nothing of it, i opened the box and looked inside. it was her nuvaring. i stood there just staring into the box for a good few minutes. we had an easygoing relationship, but not *that* easygoing. in addition to the potential impropriety of talking about anything sexual with a coworker (never mind a superior), she was a very hometown-sy sort of person and a self-described prude; it was sometimes hard to imagine her as a sexual being at all, save for her saying she did want kids at some point. finally, i bit the bullet, went back to my desk and e-mailed her back: "awkward. it's your nuvaring." *~send~* thankfully i didn't have to wait too long for her response, which was a perfectly clinical, "those packets need to be refrigerated, so just put them in the small fridge under my desk," adding, "you deserve a raise." so, all resolved. she wasn't offended and everything pretty much went back to normal. still, those were easily some of the tensest few minutes of my professional life. Output: TIFU by going through my boss's mail. Input: Consider Input: Text: so, i work as a tinner (put up duct work for heating and ac). me and my co-worker just arrived on site of a fairly big house and are carrying in duct some of it up to 12"x20" so fairly big. it snowed where i live and so it was wet and muddy. when going down the stairs with hands full of duct i slip and fell pretty hard. the duct slid across my leg when i went down, however my pants were soaked and muddy. i get lots of cuts and scrapes in my job. most the time i cant tell if i was cut or not untle my clothing get that wet sticky feeling u get when ur bleeding. since it was on my leg and hurt like hell i though i was bleeding but wasnt sure, didnt see a cut in my pants so figured it was just a scrape, got back up went back to work. i got out to the truck grabed another load of duct and about half way down the stairs before i started feeling dizzy. fell again once i got to the bottem and passed out shortly later. the rest that happened i was told later. my co-worker said he came down the stairs when he heard the crash of falling duct. he saw me laying passed out with blood seeping out from under me. he called 911 and lucky for me i was wearing my dog tags(dont know if they helped or not but seeming how i was bleeding out them being able to tell my blood type probably did). ambulance arrived took me to hospital and i survived. aparently i cut my femoral artery, doc said if it hadent been as clean a cut i might not have made it. Output: TIFU by almost bleeding to death Input: Consider Input: Text: so, i remember i had about 200k of shares which was at an otc price of a few pennies per share. i decided to invest in from my fathers advice... he said "just hold on to these for while..." ok i said... two days ago i really needed to pay some bills so i remembered i had stocks totaling to about $2000 and some change "wow, made about a $100 bucks cool!" i said. sold em all, and paid the bills. was so happy! i check this morning, and the stocks i sold to get this $2000 could have yielded close to a half million dollars... its at $1.90 and soared over the nyc stock exchange on the 17th-18th sold on the 15th of this month. a uranium company. not only did i yell at the top of my lungs at 6am in the morning... wake half my neighbors and wife... i broke one of my monitors out of pure anger. if i tell my father or my wife, im sure im going to get castrated. today i realized ifu...... man what a feeling this is. if anyone wants some links or more details ill be more than happy to supply... so at least the community can get some laughs... or something positive out of this... cause i'm sure as hell going to get me a bottle of johnny walker black and sit home all day and pretend it never happened.... edit: please excuse the grammar... i kind of could care less at the moment. needed to vent...or get some advice on how to forget this. i'm literally imagining how easy life could have become over night...feel like i had the winning lottery ticket, and just used it to wipe up some snot, and toss it in the toilet... (i would go on a fucking pipe massacre at least if this was the case.....)

Output: TIFU - Sold some stocks which I held on to for years. only to know if I waited just two days, I would have had close to half a million dollars.

fc-sni-reddit_tifu_dataset

9f3fa139c839d5fe68daf092f88e7e609d0ccbbf67c0e012dc705864f28959f1

You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill. SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ''Seniors as Volunteers in Our Schools Act''. SEC. 2. REFERENCES. Except as otherwise specifically provided, whenever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or a repeal of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other provision of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.). SEC. 3. GOVERNOR'S PROGRAMS. Section 4114(c) (20 U.S.C. 7114(c)) is amended-- (1) in paragraph (11), by striking ''and'' after the semicolon; (2) in paragraph (12), by striking the period and inserting ''; and''; and (3) by adding at the end the following: ''(13) drug and violence prevention activities that use the services of appropriately qualified seniors for activities that include mentoring, tutoring, and volunteering.''. SEC. 4. LOCAL DRUG AND VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAMS. Section 4116(b) (20 U.S.C. 7116(b)) is amended-- (1) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting ''(including mentoring by appropriately qualified seniors)'' after ''mentoring''; (2) in paragraph (2)(C)-- (A) in clause (ii), by striking ''and'' after the semicolon; (B) in clause (iii), by inserting ''and'' after the semicolon; and (C) by adding at the end the following: ''(iv) drug and violence prevention activities that use the services of appropriately qualified seniors for such activities as mentoring, tutoring, and volunteering;''; (3) in paragraph (4)(C), by inserting ''(including mentoring by appropriately qualified seniors)'' after ''mentoring programs''; and (4) in paragraph (8), by inserting ''and which may involve appropriately qualified seniors working with students'' after ''settings''. SEC. 5. NATIONAL PROGRAMS. Section 4121(a) (20 U.S.C. 7131(a)) is amended-- (1) in paragraph (10), by inserting '', including projects and activities that promote the interaction of youth and appropriately qualified seniors'' after ''responsibility''; and (2) in paragraph (13), by inserting '', including activities that integrate appropriately qualified seniors in activities, such as mentoring, tutoring, and volunteering'' after ''title''. SEC. 6. AUTHORIZED SERVICES AND ACTIVITIES. Section 9115(b) (20 U.S.C. 7815(b)) is amended-- (1) in paragraph (6), by striking ''and'' after the semicolon; (2) in paragraph (7), by striking the period and inserting ''; and''; and (3) by adding at the end the following: ''(8) activities that recognize and support the unique cultural and educational needs of Indian children, and incorporate appropriately qualified tribal elders and seniors.''. SEC. 7. IMPROVEMENTS OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIAN CHILDREN. Section 9121(c)(1) (20 U.S.C. 7831(c)(1)) is amended-- (1) in subparagraph (J), by striking ''or'' after the semicolon; (2) by redesignating subparagraph (K) as subparagraph (L); and (3) by inserting after subparagraph (J) the following: ''(K) activities that recognize and support the unique cultural and educational needs of Indian children, and incorporate appropriately qualified tribal elders and seniors; or''. SEC. 8. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT. Section 9122(d)(1) (20 U.S.C. 7832(d)(1)) is amended in the second sentence by striking the period and inserting '', and may include programs designed to train tribal elders and seniors.''. SEC. 9. NATIVE HAWAIIAN COMMUNITY-BASED EDUCATION LEARNING CENTERS. Section 9210(b) (20 U.S.C. 7910(b)) is amended-- (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ''and'' after the semicolon; and (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period and inserting ''; and''; and (3) by adding at the end the following: ''(4) programs that recognize and support the unique cultural and educational needs of Native Hawaiian children, and incorporate appropriately qualified Native Hawaiian elders and seniors.''. SEC. 10. ALASKA NATIVE STUDENT ENRICHMENT PROGRAMS. Section 9306(b) (20 U.S.C. 7936(b)) is amended-- (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ''and'' after the semicolon; (2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period and inserting ''; and''; and (3) by adding at the end the following: ''(5) activities that recognize and support the unique cultural and educational needs of Alaskan Native children, and incorporate appropriately qualified Alaskan Native elders and seniors.''. SEC. 11. GIFTED AND TALENTED CHILDREN. Section 10204(b)(3) (20 U.S.C. 8034(b)(3)) is amended by striking ''and parents'' and inserting '', parents, and appropriately qualified senior volunteers''. SEC. 12. 21ST CENTURY COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTERS. Section 10904(a)(3) (20 U.S.C. 8244(a)(3)) is amended-- (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ''and'' after the semicolon; (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and inserting ''; and''; and (3) by adding at the end the following: ''(F) a description of how the school or consortium will encourage and use appropriately qualified seniors as volunteers in activities identified under section 10905.''. Output:

Seniors as Volunteers in Our Schools Act - Amends the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to require that appropriately qualified senior citizens be given an opportunity to serve as mentors, tutors, and volunteers for: (1) State Governors', local, and national programs for drug and violence prevention; (2) programs for education of Indian children, through local educational agencies and special projects; (3) inclusion in training for professions that serve Indians; (4) Native Hawaiian community-based education learning centers; (5) Alaska Native student enrichment programs; (6) gifted and talented children's programs; and (7) 21st Century Learning Centers.

fc-sni-billsum

0133a731f6944ad1f8572d429b271983d6c5b84f4952c4b372f207a9c84d8f07

You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning. Q: Mr. James Dillingham Young ("Jim") and his wife, Della, are a couple living in a modest apartment. They have only two possessions between them in which they take pride: Della's beautiful long, flowing hair, almost touching to her knees, and Jim's shiny gold watch, which had belonged to his father and grandfather. On Christmas Eve, with only $1.87 in hand, and desperate to find a gift for Jim, Della sells her hair for $20 to a nearby hairdresser named Madame Sofronie, and eventually finds a platinum pocket watch fob chain for Jim's watch for $21. Satisfied with the perfect gift for Jim, Della runs home and begins to prepare pork chops for dinner. At 7 o'clock, Della sits at a table near the door, waiting for Jim to come home. Unusually late, Jim walks in and immediately stops short at the sight of Della, who had previously prayed that she was still pretty to Jim. Della then admits to Jim that she sold her hair to buy him his present. Jim gives Della her present an assortment of expensive hair accessories (referred to as The Combs ), useless now that her hair is short. Della then shows Jim the chain she bought for him, to which Jim says he sold his watch to get the money to buy her combs. Although Jim and Della are now left with gifts that neither one can use, they realize how far they are willing to go to show their love for each other, and how priceless their love really is. The story ends with the narrator comparing the pair's mutually sacrificial gifts of love with those of the Biblical Magi: The magi, as you know, were wise men wonderfully wise men who brought gifts to the new-born King of the Jews. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of exchange in case of duplication. And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. Of all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the Magi. A:

What was Della concerned about after cutting her hair?

fc-sni-narrativeqa

90f0048a7ae42e53512fb6fd33973d654a08e973a7b2490195e7db9bcf49eb51

Detailed Instructions: Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link]. Problem:Defense Secretary Jim Mattis and Secretary of State Rex Tillerson testify about authorizations for the use of military force before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on Oct. 30. (Jonathan Ernst/Reuters) Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and Defense Secretary Jim Mattis also told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that any attempt to place time limits or geographical constraints in a new Authorization for the Use of Military Force could cripple efforts to fight terrorists. Laws enacted in 2001 and 2002 gave the military the legal authority to fight international terrorism. Even though the United States is fighting groups that didn't exist back then including the Islamic State the legal basis remains sound Mattis said. He urged Congress not to repeal existing law at least without a new authorization already in place. "The uncertainty accompanying that situation could only signal to our enemies and our friends that we are backing away from this fight " he said. "It would stall our operations immediately reduce allied commitments and support and create significant opportunities for our enemies to seize the initiative." Solution:

Tillerson and Mattis tell Senate panel no need for new war authorization

fc-sni-persent

b729b06dbdcad6a3ac4a64226a9afc59fa2a9785080757fa07dec87fdfd56292

In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length. Example Input: The response to the novel coronavirus outbreak in China suggests that many of the lessons from the 2003 SARS epidemic have been implemented and the response improved as a consequence. Nevertheless some questions remain and not all lessons have been successful. The national and international response demonstrates the complex link between public health, science and politics when an outbreak threatens to impact on global economies and reputations. The unprecedented measures implemented in China are a bold attempt to control the outbreakwe need to understand their effectiveness to balance costs and benefits for similar events in the future. Example Output: Epidemiology and Infection SARS to novel coronavirus -old lessons and new lessons Example Input: Estimation of the fraction and contagiousness of undocumented novel coronavirus infections is critical for understanding the overall prevalence and pandemic potential of this disease. Many mild infections are typically not reported and, depending on their contagiousness, may support stealth transmission and the spread of documented infection. Here we use observations of reported infection and spread within China in conjunction with mobility data, a networked dynamic metapopulation model and Bayesian inference, to infer critical epidemiological characteristics associated with the emerging coronavirus, including the fraction of undocumented infections and their contagiousness. We estimate 86% of all infections were undocumented (95% CI: [82%-90%]) prior to the Wuhan travel shutdown (January 23, 2020). Per person, these undocumented . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not peer-reviewed) The copyright holder for this preprint . Example Output: Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Example Input: A 69-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) presented with recurrent fever and cough. The patient had undergone allogeneic HSCT from a matched unrelated donor 17 months previously, conditioned by fludarabine, melphalan, and alemtuzumab. His posttransplant course was complicated by graft versus host disease and multiple central venous catheter infections with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., vancomycinresistant Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus. During his initial course, he also developed a nodular pneumonia, and the subsequent workup included a bronchoscopy that was nondiagnostic. The pneumonia resolved with empiric posaconazole treatment. Sixteen months after the transplant, the patient developed fatigue, low-grade fevers, and cough. Chest x-ray (CXR) showed a new, left lower lobe infiltrate. A sputum culture then grew fluoroquinolone-susceptible Pseudomonas, and the Oncology Service subsequently discharged the patient home on moxifloxacin alone. Three weeks later, he presented again with recurrent cough and fever and was readmitted. A CXR showed a new, right lower lobe infiltrate. The patient had a remote history of symptomatic bradycardia for which he had undergone pacemaker placement. He was a former cigarette smoker (40 pack-years), but he denied any intravenous drug use. He was a retired automobile mechanic and lived at home with his wife and a dog. He had traveled recently to Las Vegas for a short trip to visit casinos. His medications on admission included acyclovir, fluconazole, and dapsone prophylaxis. He previously had an adverse reaction to imipenem, which caused a rash, and to voriconazole, which caused visual hallucinations. On physical examination, he was alert and oriented. His temperature was 100.5 F, heart rate 86 beats per minute, blood pressure 134/94 mmHg, respiratory rate 20 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation 90% on ambient air. He had mild bilateral crackles at the lung bases and a well-healed, non-tender, nonerythematous surgical scar at the site of the pacemaker pocket on the anterior chest wall. The remainder of his physical examination was unremarkable. Laboratory values were significant for pancytopenia, with WBC count of 3500/l, (76% neutrophils, 8% lymphocytes, and 12% monocytes), hemoglobin 11.6 g/dL (normal range, 13.5-17.5 g/ dL), and platelet count of 122,000/L (normal range, 150,000-450,000/L). Other laboratory Example Output:

Pulmonary Infection in a Patient After Stem Cell Transplantation

fc-sni-coda_19

251278435a797cec53194fa3a375607238083986693dd4ef99d845ce38bb14f5

Definition: You are given two sentences(Sentence1 and Sentence2). Answer "Yes" if these sentences are a paraphrase of one another, otherwise answer "No". Input: Sentence1: President Bush on Saturday became the first American president to address a joint session of the Philippine National Congress since Dwight Eisenhower in 1960 ., Sentence2: " But success requires more than American assistance , " Bush said in the first speech to a joint session of Philippine Congress by a U.S. president since Dwight Eisenhower in 1960 . Output:

No

fc-sni-mrpc

ea43b751a70194f637aa8d8ca60546993c19bce7875a63bf3a7c2579349c6da9

In this task, you are given Wikipedia articles on a range of topics, we ask you to write a question based on the content of the articles that can be answered in a binary manner i.e. True or False. Q: Mary Edwards Walker -- Mary Edwards Walker (November 26, 1832 -- February 21, 1919), commonly referred to as Dr. Mary Walker, was an American abolitionist, prohibitionist, prisoner of war and Civil War surgeon. She was the only woman to ever receive the Medal of Honor. A:

has a woman received the medal of honor

fc-sni-boolq

f8aa2e2b712297f4c4cee3f7ca206f33bba1a1ea852ce3a401cfe6c46b32c251

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill. Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ''North Korean Human Rights Reauthorization Act of 2017''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) In 2014, the United Nations Commission of Inquiry (COI) on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) found that the grave human rights violations still being perpetrated against the people of North Korea, due to policies established at the highest level of the state, amount to crimes against humanity. Crimes include forced starvation, sexual violence against women and children, restrictions on freedom of movement, arbitrary detention, torture, executions, and enforced disappearances, among other hardships. (2) The COI also noted that the Government of the People's Republic of China is aiding and abetting in crimes against humanity by forcibly repatriating North Korean refugees back to the DPRK. Upon repatriation, North Koreans are sent to prison camps, tortured, or even executed. The Government of the People's Republic of China's forcible repatriation of North Korean refugees violates its obligation to uphold the principle of non-refoulement, under the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, done at Geneva July 28, 1951 (as made applicable by the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, done at New York January 31, 1967 (19 UST 6223)). (3) Estimates from the COI suggest that between 80,000 and 120,000 people are believed to be imprisoned in political prison camps in North Korea. Another 70,000 are believed to be held at other detention facilities. Prisoners in both situations are subject to harsh conditions, limited food, sexual abuse, and in most cases hard labor. (4) One of the findings of the COI report was the persecution of religious minorities, especially Christians. There is effectively no freedom of religion in North Korea, only worship of the Kim family. Christians are subjected to particularly acute persecution. It has been reported that Christians in North Korea have been tortured, forcibly detained, and even executed for possessing a Bible or professing Christianity. (5) North Korea profits from its human rights abuses. A 2014 report from the Asian Institute for Policy Studies suggests that there are nearly 50,000 North Korean workers forced to labor overseas, sometimes without compensation, and for as much as 20 hours at a time. Workers that received compensation were not to be paid more than $150 per month, which is between 10 to 20 percent of the value of the labor they performed. Based on this report, the regime may profit as much as $360,000,000 annually from just 50,000 laborers. (6) On July 6, 2016, the United States imposed sanctions on North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and other senior North Korean officials for human rights violations as required by the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 (Public Law 114- 122). This was the first time that the United States had designated North Korean officials for human rights abuses. (7) The North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-122) requires the President to impose mandatory penalties under United States law on any person that ''knowingly engages in, is responsible for, or facilitates serious human rights abuses by the Government of North Korea''. (8) Although the United States Refugee Admissions Program remains the largest in the world by far, the United States has only resettled 212 refugees from North Korea since the date of the enactment of the North Korea Human Rights Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-333). SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. It is the sense of Congress that-- (1) the United States Government should continue to make it a priority to improve information access in North Korea by exploring the use of new and emerging technologies and expanding nongovernmental radio broadcasting to North Korea, including news and information; (2) the United Nations has a significant role to play in promoting and improving human rights in North Korea and should press for access for the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in North Korea as well as the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; (3) because North Koreans fleeing into China face a well- founded fear of persecution upon their forcible repatriation, the United States should urge China to-- (A) immediately halt the forcible repatriation of North Koreans; (B) allow the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees unimpeded access to North Koreans inside China to determine whether such North Koreans require protection as refugees; (C) fulfill its obligations under the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, and the Agreement on the Upgrading of the UNHCR Mission in the People's Republic of China to UNHCR Branch Office in the People's Republic of China (signed December 1, 1995); (D) address the concerns of the United Nations Committee against Torture by incorporating the principle of non- refoulement into Chinese domestic legislation; and (E) recognize the legal status of North Korean women who marry or have children with Chinese citizens, and ensure that all such children are granted resident status and access to education and other public services in accordance with Chinese law and international standards; (4) the President should continue to designate all individuals found to have committed violations described in section 104(a) of the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 2914(a)), regarding complicity in censorship and human right abuses; (5) the United States currently blocks United States passports from being used to travel to North Korea without a special validation from the Department of State, and the Department of State should continue to take steps to increase public awareness about the risks and dangers of travel by United States citizens to North Korea; (6) the United States should continue to seek cooperation from all foreign governments to allow the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) access to process North Korean refugees overseas for resettlement and to allow United States officials access to process refugees for resettlement in the United States (if that is the destination country of the refugees' choosing); and (7) the Secretary of State, through diplomacy by senior officials, including United States ambassadors to Asia-Pacific countries, and in close cooperation with South Korea, should make every effort to promote the protection of North Korean refugees and defectors. SEC. 4. RADIO BROADCASTING TO NORTH KOREA. Section 103(a) of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 7813(a)) is amended-- (1) by striking ''that the United States should facilitate'' and inserting the following: ''that the United States should-- ''(1) facilitate''; (2) in paragraph (1), as redesignated by paragraph (1) of this section-- (A) by striking ''radio broadcasting'' and inserting ''broadcasting, including news rebroadcasting,''; and (B) by striking ''increase broadcasts'' and inserting ''increase such broadcasts, including news rebroadcasts,''; and (C) by striking ''Voice of America.'' and inserting the following: ''Voice of America; and''; and (3) by adding at the end the following: ''(2) expand funding for nongovernmental organization broadcasting efforts, prioritizing organizations that engage North Korean defectors in programming and broadcast services.''. SEC. 5. ACTIONS TO PROMOTE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION. Section 104(a) of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 7814(a)) is amended-- (1) by striking ''The President'' and inserting the following: ''(1) In general.--The President''; (2) by inserting '', USB drives, micro SD cards, audio players, video players, cell phones, wi-fi, wireless internet, web pages, internet, wireless telecommunications, and other electronic media that shares information'' before the period at the end; and (3) by adding at the end the following: ''(2) Distribution.--In accordance with the sense of Congress described in section 103, the President, acting through the Secretary of State, is authorized to distribute or provide grants to distribute information receiving devices, electronically readable devices, and other informational sources into North Korea, including devices and informational sources specified in paragraph (1). To carry out this paragraph, the President is authorized to issue regulations to facilitate the free-flow of information into North Korea. ''(3) Research and development grant program.--In accordance with the authorization described in paragraphs (1) and (2) to increase the availability and distribution of sources of information inside North Korea, the President, acting through the Secretary of State, is authorized to establish a grant program to make grants to eligible entities to develop or distribute (or both) new products or methods to allow North Koreans easier access to outside information. Such program may involve public-private partnerships. ''(4) Culture.--In accordance with the sense of Congress described in section 103, the Broadcasting Board of Governors may broadcast American, Korean, Chinese, and other popular music, television, movies, and popular cultural references as part of its programming. ''(5) Rights and laws.--In accordance with the sense of Congress described in section 103, the Broadcasting Board of Governors should broadcast to North Korea in the Korean language information on rights, laws, and freedoms afforded through the North Korean Constitution, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and any other applicable treaties or international agreements to which North Korea is bound. ''(6) Religious minorities.--Efforts to improve information access under this subsection should include religious communities and should be coordinated with the Office of International Religious Freedom to ensure maximum impact in improving the rights of religious persons in North Korea. ''(7) Broadcasting report.--Not later than-- ''(A) 180 days after the date of the enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Broadcasting Board of Governors, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that sets forth a detailed plan for improving broadcasting content for the purpose of targeting new audiences and increasing listenership; and ''(B) 1 year after the date of the enactment of this paragraph, and annually thereafter for each of the next 5 years, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Broadcasting Board of Governors, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report including-- ''(i) a description of the effectiveness of actions taken pursuant to this section, including data reflecting audience and listenership, device distribution and usage, and technological development and advancement usage; ''(ii) the amount of funds expended by the United States Government pursuant to section 403; and ''(iii) other appropriate information necessary to fully inform Congress of efforts related to this section.''. SEC. 6. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON HUMANITARIAN COORDINATION RELATED TO THE KOREAN PENINSULA. Title III of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 7841 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ''SEC. 306. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON HUMANITARIAN COORDINATION RELATED TO THE KOREAN PENINSULA. ''It is the sense of Congress that-- ''(1) any instability on the Korean Peninsula could have significant humanitarian and strategic impact on the region and for United States national interests; and ''(2) as such, the United States Government should work with countries sharing a land or maritime border with North Korea to develop long-term whole-of-government plans to coordinate efforts related to humanitarian assistance and human rights promotion and to effectively assimilate North Korean defectors.''. SEC. 7. REAUTHORIZATION PROVISIONS. (a) Support for Human Rights and Democracy Programs.--Section 102 of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 7812(b)(1)) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following: ''The President is also authorized to provide grants to entities to undertake research on North Korea's denial of human rights, including on the political and military chains of command responsible for authorizing and implementing systemic human rights abuses, including at prison camps and detention facilities where political prisoners are held.''; and (2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ''2017'' and inserting ''2022''. (b) Actions To Promote Freedom of Information.--Section 104 of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 7814) is amended-- (1) in subsection (b)(1)-- (A) by striking ''$2,000,000'' and inserting ''$3,000,000''; and (B) by striking ''2017'' and inserting ''2022''; and (2) in subsection (c), by striking ''2017'' and inserting ''2022''. (c) Report by Special Envoy on North Korean Human Rights Issues.-- Section 107(d) of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 7817(d)) is amended by striking ''2017'' and inserting ''2022''. (d) Report on United States Humanitarian Assistance.--Section 201 of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 7831 is amended-- (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ''2017'' and inserting ''2022''; (2) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c); and (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following new subsection: ''(b) Needs Assessment.--The report shall include a needs assessment to inform the distribution of humanitarian assistance inside North Korea.''. (e) Assistance Provided Outside of North Korea.--Section 203(c)(1) of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 7833(c)(1)) is amended by striking ''2013 through 2017'' and inserting ''2018 through 2022''. (f) Annual Reports.--Section 305(a) of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 7845(a)) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by striking ''2017'' and inserting ''2022''. SEC. 8. REPORT BY BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS. (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that-- (1) describes the status of current United States broadcasting to North Korea and the extent to which the Board has achieved the goal of 12-hour-per-day broadcasting to North Korea, in accordance with section 103(a) of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 7813(a)); and (2) includes a strategy to overcome obstacles to such communication with the North Korean people, including through unrestricted, unmonitored, and inexpensive electronic means. (b) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex. (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees.--In this section, the term ''appropriate congressional committees'' means-- (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (2) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (3) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and (4) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. SEC. 9. REPEAL OF DUPLICATIVE AUTHORIZATIONS. Section 403 of the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-122; 22 U.S.C. 9253) is hereby repealed. Speaker of the House of Representatives. Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate. A:

North Korean Human Rights Reauthorization Act of 2017 (Sec. 4) This bill provides for increased dissemination of news and information access to North Korea. The North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 is amended to include news rebroadcasting in supported broadcasting to North Korea. (Sec. 5) The President may: (1) distribute or provide grants to distribute information receiving devices, electronically readable devices, and other informational sources into North Korea; and (2) provide grants to develop and distribute new products or methods to allow North Koreans easier access to outside information. The Broadcasting Board of Governors may broadcast American, Korean, Chinese, and other popular music, television, movies, and popular cultural references as part of its programming. The board shall broadcast to North Korea in the Korean language information on rights, laws, and freedoms afforded through the North Korean Constitution and through human rights treaties or other international agreements. The bill urges that information access efforts should include religious communities and be coordinated with the Office of International Religious Freedom. (Sec. 7) The President may provide grants for research on North Korea's denial of human rights. The bill extends through FY2022: (1) programs that promote human rights, democracy, the rule of law, and the development of a market economy in North Korea; (2) actions to promote freedom of information in North Korea; and (3) humanitarian assistance to North Koreans who are outside of North Korea without the permission of the government. The bill extends through 2022 annual reporting requirements regarding: (1) freedom of information, (2) North Korean human rights issues, (3) U.S. humanitarian assistance inside North Korea and to North Koreans outside of North Korea, and (4) the number of North Koreans seeking refugee status or political asylum in the United States.

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