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947947 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karrin%20Taylor%20Robson | Karrin Taylor Robson | Karrin Margaret Taylor Robson (nee Kunasek, born 1964/1965) is an American lawyer and politician. Taylor Robson was a member of the Arizona Board of Regents from 2017 until 2021. Robson is a member of the Republican Party.
In June 2021, Robson announced her candidacy for the Republican nomination for Governor of Arizona in the 2022 election. She lost the Republican nomination in the August primary to former news anchor Kari Lake. |
286218 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami%20University | Miami University | This is the university in Ohio. For the university in Florida, see University of Miami.
Miami University is a public, coeducational university in Oxford, Ohio. The university has about 20,126 students. It was founded in 1809. The current president of the university is David C. Hodge.
Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the RedHawks. They have 8 varsity teams for men and 10 for women, most of which play in the Mid-American Conference. The men's ice hockey team plays in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference. |
275475 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othniel%20Charles%20Marsh | Othniel Charles Marsh | Othniel Charles Marsh M.A PhD LL.D (October 29, 1831 - March 18, 1899) was one of the leading paleontologists of the 19th century. He discovered and named many fossils found in western North America.
Early life
Marsh was born in Lockport, New York, into a family of modest means. However, he was the nephew of the very rich banker and philanthropist, George Peabody.
He graduated from Yale College in 1860. He later studied geology and mineralogy in New Haven, and afterwards paleontology and anatomy in Berlin, Heidelberg and Breslau. He returned to the United States in 1866 and was appointed professor of vertebrate paleontology at Yale University. He persuaded his uncle George Peabody to establish the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale.
Career
Marsh and his many fossil hunters were able to uncover about 500 new species of fossil animals, which were named by Marsh himself.
In May 1871, Marsh uncovered the first pterosaur fossils found in America. He also found early horses, the Cretaceous and Jurassic dinosaurs Apatosaurus and Allosaurus, and described the toothed birds of the Cretaceous; Ichthyornis and Hesperornis.
Marsh is also known for the so-called "Bone Wars" waged against Edward Drinker Cope. The two men were fiercely competitive, discovering and documenting more than 120 new species of dinosaur between them. Marsh eventually won the Bone Wars by finding 80 new species of dinosaur, while Cope only found 56. |
773706 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%20County%2C%20West%20Virginia | Taylor County, West Virginia | Taylor County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2020 census, 16,705 people lived there. Its county seat is Grafton. |
520486 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus%20Savage | Gus Savage | Augustus Alexander "Gus" Savage (October 30, 1925 - October 31, 2015) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois. He served as a representative from 1981 through 1993. Savage was born in Detroit, Michigan.
Savage died in Olympia Fields, Illinois at the age of 90. |
36024 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Beckenbauer | Franz Beckenbauer | Franz Anton Beckenbauer (, ; born 11 September 1945) is a German former professional footballer and manager. Franz was often called Der Kaiser ("The Emperor"). He is widely regarded to be one of the greatest players in the history of football. Franz is often credited for inventing the role of the modern sweeper (libero). |
760179 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry%20County%2C%20Ohio | Perry County, Ohio | Perry County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. In 2020, 35,408 people lived there. The county seat is New Lexington. |
672404 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/6ix9ine | 6ix9ine | Daniel Hernandez (born May 8, 1996), known professionally as 6ix9ine (pronounced "six nine") and formerly as Tekashi69, is an American rapper. Hernandez is known for his distinctive rainbow-themed look, tattoos, aggressive style of rapping, public feuds with fellow celebrities, legal issues, and controversial public persona.
Hernandez gained popularity in late 2017 with the release of his first single "Gummo". The song was certified platinum by the RIAA. In early 2018, Hernandez released his first mixtape Day69. It debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 album chart. He later earned his first top-five entry on the Billboard Hot 100 with "Fefe" (featuring Nicki Minaj and Murda Beatz), which peaked at number three. His first studio album Dummy Boy was released on November 27, 2018 after being delayed a week earlier due to his arrest. It debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 chart.
Hernandez pled guilty to using a 13-year-old child in a sexual performance in 2015. He was arrested in November 2018 on racketeering and firearm charges among others. Hernandez pled guilty to nine charges in February 2019. On December 18, 2019, Hernandez was given a sentence of 2 years after testifying against the Nine Trey Gang. On March 22, 2020, Hernandez requested to serve prison at home because he is at a higher risk of attracting the COVID-19 due to his asthma.
Hernandez is of Mexican and Puerto Rican descent. |
893937 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas%20Kunz | Andreas Kunz | Andreas Kunz (24 July 1946 - 1 January 2022) was a East German Nordic combined athlete. He won a bronze medal at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble in the Individual event. He competed for the SV Dynamo/SC Dynamo Klingenthal. He was born in Leipzig, Germany.
Kunz died on 1 January 2022 in Leipzig, at the age of 75. |
771643 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamborghini%20Cheetah | Lamborghini Cheetah | The Lamborghini Cheetah is an off-road prototype that was made by Lamborghini in 1977.
History
The Lamborghini Cheetah was the first off-road vehicle made by Lamborghini. It was designed to be used by the military. The design of the Cheetah was largely a copy of Food Machinery Corporation (FMC)'s XR311 prototype, which was developed for the military in 1970. This resulted in legal action from FMC against Lamborghini in 1977.
The Cheetah was built in San Jose, California. After it was built, the prototype was sent to Sant'Agata Bolognese so Lamborghini could put on the finishing touches. The Cheetah was powered by a large, waterproofed 180 bhp 5.9L Chrysler engine, rear mounted, with a 3 speed automatic transmission. The mounting of the engine in the rear gave the Cheetah very poor steering, and the engine was not powerful enough for the Cheetah. This resulted in poor performance overall.
The only finished prototype was never tested by the US military. It was later sold to Teledyne Continental Motors, and it still exists today.
Lamborghini eventually developed the Lamborghini LM002. The LM002 had a similar design to the Cheetah, but it had a 12-cylinder motor from the Lamborghini Countach mounted in the front. |
760858 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigean | Sigean | Sigean is a commune of 5,477 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. |
342513 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100s%20BC%20%28decade%29 | 1100s BC (decade) | Events and trends
1104 BC--Foundation of Cadiz, Spain.
1100 BC--Tiglath-Pileser I of Assyria conquers the Hittites.
c. 1100 BC--The Dorians invade Ancient Greece.
c. 1100 BC--Mycenaean era ends with the destruction of that civilisation.
c. 1100 BC--Late Minoan culture ends.
c. 1100 BC--Greek Dark Ages begin.
c. 1100 BC--Beginning of the proto-Villanovan culture in northern Italy.
c. 1100 BC--The New Kingdom in Egypt comes to an end.
c. 1100 BC--Shang Dynasty ends in China.
c. 1102 BC--Maya Calendar counts time from this point.
Significant people
King David is ruler over Israel.
c. 1100 BC--Zarathustra is born.
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
Alphabet made by Phoenicians.
MUL.APIN made by Assyrians: an ancient catalog of constellations. |
334747 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%20%28disambiguation%29 | Fox (disambiguation) | The fox is an animal.
Fox may also refer to:
Leicester City F.C., an English football team who carry the nickname 'The Foxes'
Fox Entertainment Group, a media network, and its subsidiaries:
20th Century Fox, an American film studio
Fox Broadcasting Company, an American broadcast television network
Fox News Channel, a cable television network
Fox Sports, the sports division of the Fox Broadcasting Company
Volkswagen Fox, a subcompact car
Fox McCloud, character from the Star Fox video game series
Fox Mulder, character in the TV show The X-Files
Lucius Fox, character from the Batman comic books series. |
183490 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred%20Days | Hundred Days | The Hundred Days, is the period between Napoleon Bonaparte's return from exile on Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 111 days). This period is also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition, and includes the Waterloo Campaign and the Neapolitan War. |
879003 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Hughes | Chris Hughes | Chris Hughes (born November 26, 1983) is an American entrepreneur, a former publisher and editor in chief of The New Republic, a spokesman for the online social directory and networking site Facebook.
Biography
He holds Bachelor of Arts in History and English literature from Harvard College. |
588918 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weiningen | Weiningen | Weiningen is a municipality of the district of Dietikon in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. |
702371 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.%20Thomas%20Molloy | W. Thomas Molloy | William Thomas Molloy (July 27, 1940 - July 2, 2019) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He was the Chancellor of the University of Saskatchewan. He was the 22nd Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan from 2018 until his death in 2019. His appointment as Lieutenant Governor was made by Governor General of Canada Julie Payette. Molloy was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
In May 2019, Molloy was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. He died on July 2, 2019 from the disease in Saskatoon at the age of 78. |
734025 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan%20Lewis | Morgan Lewis | Morgan Lewis (October 16, 1754 - April 7, 1844) was an American lawyer, politician, and military commander. He was in the New York State Assembly (1789, 1792) and the New York State Senate (1811-1814) and was State Attorney General (1791-1801) and Governor of New York (1804-1807). |
353837 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Shaw | George Shaw | George Shaw (10 December 1751 - 22 July 1813) was an English botanist and zoologist. Shaw published one of the first English descriptions of several common Australian animals. His book was called Zoology of New Holland which was released in 1794. He was the first scientist to examine a platypus. He released a description about the animal on his book The Naturalist's Miscellany in 1799. He became the first to do so. In herpetology he described a lot of new species of reptiles and amphibians. |
18967 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoria%2C%20Illinois | Peoria, Illinois | Peoria is a city on the Illinois River in the U.S. state of Illinois. In the 2000 census, Peoria had more than 110,000 people living in it. It is the home of the Peoria Rivermen ice hockey team. One of Peoria's largest businesses is Caterpillar, a company that makes bulldozers, mining trucks, and other kinds of machinery.
Roads
Many people drive in and out of Peoria on Interstate 74. People also drive around Peoria on Interstate 474. Peoria is 157 miles (257 kilometers) southwest of Chicago, Illinois.
Culture
Peoria has become famous as a representation of the average American city because of its demographics and its perceived mainstream Midwestern culture. On the Vaudeville circuit, it was said that if an act would succeed in Peoria, it would work anywhere. The question "Will it play in Peoria?" has now become a metaphor for whether something appeals to the American mainstream public. |
101 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology | Biology | Biology is the science that studies life, living things, and the evolution of life. Living things include animals, plants, fungi (such as mushrooms), and microorganisms such as bacteria and archaea.
The term 'biology' is relatively modern. It was introduced in 1799 by a physician, Thomas Beddoes.
People who study biology are called biologists. Biology looks at how animals and other living things behave and work, and what they are like. Biology also studies how organisms react with each other and the environment. It has existed as a science for about 200 years, and before that it was called "natural history". Biology has many research fields and branches. Like all sciences, biology uses the scientific method. This means that biologists must be able to show evidence for their ideas and that other biologists must be able to test the ideas for themselves.
Biology attempts to answer questions such as:
"What are the characteristics of this living thing?" (comparative anatomy)
"How do the parts work?" (physiology)
"How should we group living things?" (classification, taxonomy)
"What does this living thing do?" (behaviour, growth)
"How does inheritance work?" (genetics)
"What is the history of life?" (palaeontology)
"How do living things relate to their environment?" (ecology)
Modern biology is influenced by evolution, which answers the question: "How has the living world come to be as it is?"
History
The word biology comes from the Greek word bios (bios), "life", and the suffix -logia (logia), "study of". |
772725 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyd%20County | Boyd County | Boyd County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Boyd County, Kentucky
Boyd County, Nebraska |
261399 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium%20sulfate | Ammonium sulfate | Ammonium sulfate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is (NH4)2SO4. It contains ammonium and sulfate ions. It is slightly acidic because ammonia is a weak base. It is made by reacting ammonia with sulfuric acid. It breaks down when heated. It is used in fertilizers to provide both sulfur and nitrogen to plants. It is banned in some parts of the Middle East because it was being used to make explosives. It rarely occurs in the ground. |
593113 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20cohesion | Social cohesion | In psychology, social cohesion is a way of measuring, how close the members of a group are. If social cohesion is high, the members of the group ideally feel like a team. In this context, the group members may value the success of a task of the group higher than a task which only benefits them individually. |
812877 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian%20Slovak%20Gypsies%20in%20the%20United%20States | Hungarian Slovak Gypsies in the United States | Hungarian Slovak Gypsies are a subgroup of Romani Americans from Hungary and Slovakia. Hungarian Slovak Gypsies immigrated to the United States in the late 19th century, many from (Saros in Hungary and Zemplin counties) Kosice, Slovakia. They settled in the cities of Braddock, Homestead, Johnstown, and Uniontown, Pennsylvania; Cleveland and Youngstown, Ohio; Detroit and Delray, Michigan; Gary, Indiana; Chicago, and New York City. |
238878 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Valencia | Antonio Valencia | Antonio Valencia (born 4 August 1985) is an Ecuadorian football player. He plays for Manchester United and Ecuador national team. |
153406 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Celle-sous-Montmirail | La Celle-sous-Montmirail | La Celle-sous-Montmirail is a former commune. It is found in the region Hauts-de-France in the Aisne department in the north of France.
On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Dhuys-et-Morin-en-Brie. |
803344 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20titles%20and%20honours%20of%20the%20French%20crown | List of titles and honours of the French crown | The french crown (509 - 24 August 1838) was a number of titles of the crown of France. Before the kingdom of France was the kingdom of the Franks ruled by Clovis I. Clovis was the first king of the Franks. After Clovis's death he split his kingdoms between his sons. His eldest son got Orleans. His second son got Paris and soon after his older brothers death he took Orleans. Clovis's most successful son Chlothar I became King of the franks, king of Paris, King of Reims, King of Soissons. Clovis's least successful son Theuderic I became King of Metz. After many years Louis the Pious son of Charlemange became the first King in many years to take over most of France. In 1190, Philip II of France was the first King to be called "King of France". on May 14, 1610 the kingdom of Navarre united with the Kingdom of France under Henry IV of France. After the French Revolution. King Louis XVI, and his wife Marie Antoinette of Austria were deposed and beheaded by Guillotine. Emperor Napolean took control of France after the Reign of terror. Napolean was soon exiled and forced to abdicate. Following the next few years there was debate on who should be King of France. After a few decades no one became King. There are 3 current claims to the French throne today.
There names are:
Louis Alphonse de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou
Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoleon
Jean, Count of Paris
In the 1300's there had been English Claims to the french throne. But those claims ended. |
143800 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee%2C%20Alabama | Tuskegee, Alabama | Tuskegee is a city in Macon County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 11,846 and is designated a Micropolitan Statistical Area. It has been the site of major African-American achievements for more than 100 years. It is where, in 1881, Lewis Adams founded the Tuskegee Normal School for Colored Teachers, which later became Tuskegee Institute and then Tuskegee University, with the mission of educating a newly freed people for self-sufficiency, and was the birthplace of Rosa Louise Parks in 1913. Today it remains a center for African-American education and became a part of the National Parks System in 1974. One of the most famous teachers at Tuskegee was George Washington Carver, whose name is linked to new forms of research into Southern farming method and crops. Tuskegee and Tuskegee Institute were also home to the famed Tuskegee Airmen, the first squadron of African-American pilots in the U.S. Military. The city is the county seat of Macon County, and is known as the home of Tuskegee University "The Pride of the Swift Growing South".
Notable residents
Andre Thornton, born in Tuskegee, major league baseball player
Lionel Richie, born & raised in Tuskegee, then graduated from Tuskegee University,R&B singer, songwriter, composer, producer and occasional actor.
The Tuskegee Airmen
Lt Gen Russell C. Davis former Commanding General of the District of Columbia National Guard.
Rimp Lanier, former Major League Baseball player. |
645375 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines | Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines | Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Coal mines were operating in the village until 1849. |
29894 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus%20River | Indus River | The Indus River is the greatest river on the western side of the south Asian subcontinent. It is one of the seven sacred rivers for The Brahmans of Vedic period. It was the birthplace of the early Indus Valley civilization. It flows through China (Western Tibet), India and Pakistan. It is one of the main rivers of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
The river is 3180 km long. It is Pakistan's longest river. The river has a total drainage area exceeding 1,165,000 km2 (450,000 sq mi). Its estimated annual flow stands at around 207 km3 (50 cu mi), making it the twenty-first largest river in the world in terms of annual flow. It discharges about 6,600 cubic meters per second.
The word Indus and the cognate word "Hindu" are derived from Sapta Sindhu (Sanskrit for "seven rivers") for the region is ancient. The Ancient Greeks used the word Indos; Hindus was Old Persian; Sindhu in Sanskrit. Latest languages on the sub-continent use either Sindh (modern Sindhi) or Sindhu (ancient Sanskrit) or very similar words. The river's region's name came to be the name of the country India.
River basin
Over 47% of the total area of the Indus drainage basin is in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. India has about 39%, Tibet has 8% and Afghanistan has 6 % of the Indus basin catchment area.
The Indus water system of rivers comprises the main Indus and its major tributaries: the Kabul River and Kurram River on the right bank, and the Jhelum River, Chenab River, Ravi River, Beas River and the Sutlej on the left. The first two join the Indus soon after it leaves the mountains, and the others lower down in the plains. The whole of the Beas and the head reaches of the Ravi and Sutlej are in the Republic of India, while those of the Chenab and Jhelum lie mostly in the disputed Kashmir state.
The entire basin covers an area of about 384,000 square miles of open land, of which 204,000 lie in Pakistan. In addition, there are about 29,000 square miles which lie outside the Indus basin but are dependent on the Indus river system for their water requirements and irrigation supplies.
Without the Indus waters, agriculture in Pakistan would be very uncertain, because there is not much rain. Even now when Pakistan is being rapidly industrialised, it needs its water resources, because much of its industry uses agriculture produce for its raw materials. Almost all of the basin in Pakistan receives an overall rainfull of less than 15 inches, 60% of its area receiving less than 10 inches, while, 16% receives less than 5 inches. The rainfull is not evenly distributed throughout the year but is concentrated during the monsoons.
Course
Rising in western Tibet, the Indus runs at first across a high plateau, then the ground falls away and the river, dropping rapidly, gathering momentum and rushing north-west, collects the waters from innumerable glacier-fed streams, and runs north-west between the world's greatest mountain ranges, the Karakoram and the Himalayas. In Kashmir it crosses the United Nations cease-fire line and, in Baltistan District, enters Azad Kashmir. From here on it is Pakistan's river; Pakistan's first town on the upper Indus, Skardu, at 7,500 feet above sea-level, stands on a bluff near the junction of the Indus and one of its great right-bank tributaries, the Shigar. The majority of the people live in Skardu town; others inhabit small and scattered villages along the Indus and Shigar valleys, or tiny hamlets high on the surrounding mountains. |
476423 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Tarpley | Roy Tarpley | Roy James Tarpley (November 28, 1964 - January 9, 2015) was an American professional basketball player. He played the power forward and center positions, earning an NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award in 1988. Tarpley became known during his career for being banned from the NBA because of his drug and alcohol abuse. He had some success playing in Europe.
Tarpley was born in New York City and died in Arlington, Texas. |
791321 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Claus%2C%20Arizona | Santa Claus, Arizona | Santa Claus (also known as Santa Claus Acres) is a ghost town in Mohave County, Arizona, United States.
Santa Claus was started in 1937, it lies about northwest of Kingman, Arizona, along U.S. Route 93 between mile markers 57 and 58, immediately north of Hermit Drive and just south of both Grasshopper Junction, Arizona, and the Junk Art of Chloride, a group of metal statues in Chloride, Arizona, that include a flamingo made out of a motorcycle gas tank. Characterized in 1988 as "a little roadside place on the west shoulder of U.S. Route 93," Santa Claus receives traffic from motorists driving between Phoenix, Arizona, and Las Vegas, Nevada, or Hoover Dam. |
869470 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Radiator%20Building | American Radiator Building | The American Radiator Building (also known as the American Standard Building) is an early skyscraper at 40 West 40th Street in New York City. It was designed by Raymond Hood and Andre Fouilhoux in the Gothic and Art Deco styles for the American Radiator Company. It was built from 1936 to 1937. |
459770 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA%20Euro%202020 | UEFA Euro 2020 | The UEFA European Football Championship 2020 (also known as the UEFA Euro 2020) was the 16th UEFA European Football Championship. It took place between 11 June and 11 July 2021. It was held in 11 cities in 11 different countries. This was done because 2020 was the 60th "birthday" of the UEFA European Football Championship.
Portugal were the defending champions. However, Italy won their 2nd title after defeating England.
The games were postponed to mid-2021 on 17 March 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Venues
Eleven stadiums were used for the tournament. The opening match will be held at the Stadio Olimpico in Italy.
Below is the full list of stadiums:
Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany
Arena Nationala in Bucharest, Romania
Olympic Stadium in Baku, Azerbaijan
Hampden Park in Glasgow, Scotland
Johan Cruyff Arena in Amsterdam, Netherlands
Krestovsky Stadium in St. Petersburg, Russia
La Cartuja in Seville, Spain
Parken Stadium in Copenhagen, Denmark
Puskas Arena in Budapest, Hungary
Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy
Wembley Stadium in London, England
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Ranking of 3rd place teams
Knockout stage
Final
This final was the 28th time England and Italy played each other. The last time they played each other in a UEFA European tournament was in 2012 in the quarter-finals in which Italy defeated England during a penalty shootout. |
713277 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treytorrens | Treytorrens | Treytorrens (Payerne) is a municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. |
673884 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripureswar | Tripureswar | Tripureshwar is a village in Dhading District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal.
At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2707 and had 497 houses in it.
The biggest river of the district, Netrawati river passes from this village. |
772529 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattnall%20County%2C%20Georgia | Tattnall County, Georgia | Tattnall County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 22,842 people lived there. The county seat is Reidsville. |
569318 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caning | Caning | Caning is a form of punishment that involves beating a person with a cane, usually made of rattan. Each blow of the cane is called a "cut" or a "stroke". It is most often applied to the hands or buttocks. Caning, as a form of corporal punishment, is prohibited under international law as a form of torture. Caning was banned in British public schools only a few years ago. It is still practiced in places such as Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Brunei. |
148892 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouperroux-le-Coquet | Rouperroux-le-Coquet | Rouperroux-le-Coquet is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. |
924333 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A1ssy%20%C3%BAt | Andrássy út | Andrassy Avenue () is a boulevard in Budapest, Hungary. It was recognised as a World Heritage Site in 2002. |
646710 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Dunlop%20%28motorcyclist%29 | William Dunlop (motorcyclist) | William Dunlop (23 July 1985 - 7 July 2018) was a Northern Irish professional motorcycle racer. He was part of a motorcycle racing dynasty. Dunlop was the elder brother of Michael. His best results at the Isle of Man TT saw him securing two second place finishes, the last being in the 2016 TT Zero.
Until late 2015, Dunlop had raced for Tyco BMW Motorrad Racing campaigning the BMW S1000RR and a Suzuki GSX-R600. The 2016 season saw him competing at the main International Road Races aboard Yamaha YZF-R1 and Yamaha YZF-R6 in the Superbike and Supersport categories.
Dunlop was killed in a motorcyle crash during practice at the 2018 Skerries 100 Road Races in County Dublin, aged 32. |
689155 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonni | Fonni | Fonni (Onne) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 3,944 people lived there. Its area is 112.27 km2. It is 1000 meters above sea level. |
474182 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Gerard%20De%20Geer | Louis Gerard De Geer | Baron Louis Gerard De Geer of Finspang, born 18 July 1818, dead 24 September 1896, was a Swedish statesman and writer. Between 1876 and 1880, he was the first Prime Minister of Sweden |
138971 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn%20XM | Citroën XM | Citroen XM was a car produced by Citroen from 1989 to 2000. It originally launched as a 5-door hatchback in May 1989 and an estate was added in late 1991. It received a facelift in July 1994 but sales were never strong and got worse later in its life and the XM was discontinued in June 2000.
C6
Citroen hoped that the C6 would replace the XM after its discontinuation in 2000. However, the first C6 did not roll off the production line until 2006. |
66143 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fengyuan%20District | Fengyuan District | Fengyuan District is a district in north-central Taichung in Taiwan on the south bank of the Dajia River. |
762862 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Floyd%20protests | George Floyd protests | The George Floyd protests were a series of protests and riots that started in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota, United States. Unrest began in Minneapolis on May 26, 2020, after the murder of George Floyd and continued until early 2022. Floyd died while being arrested by officers of the Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) on May 25. Protests spread to many cities in the United States, and later the world.
Some of the protesters at the MPD's Third Precinct fought with law enforcement officers, who fired tear gas and rubber bullets. Additionally, the Third Precinct's windows were smashed. A supermarket was looted, and other buildings were attacked and set on fire. At least thirteen people were killed so because of the protests, but overall, most protests were peaceful. According to a September 2020 report by the U.S. Crisis Monitor, almost 95% of all protests were nonviolent.
On May 28, Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey declared a state of emergency, and Governor of Minnesota Tim Walz called in 500 Minnesota National Guard troops. More businesses across the Twin Cities were damaged and looted.
MPD in the Third Precinct building attempted to hold off the protesters with tear gas, but around 11:00 pm, protesters overran the building and set it on fire. It had been evacuated.
Both Walz and Frey added curfews. Former U.S. President Donald Trump assured Walz of U.S. military support.
The activist group Black Lives Matter is involved in the protests. They do not have one leader or one organization.
There were many attacks on journalists, both in the Twin Cities and at sister protests.
Background
The George Floyd protests took place in the spring and early summer of 2020, shortly after the number of deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 in the United States reached 100,000. The COVID-19 pandemic had already affected black and other non-white Americans more than white Americans. Experts said that the protesters might spread the virus to each other.
Governor of New York Andrew Cuomo said on Saturday, May 30: "You have a right to demonstrate. You have the right to protest. God bless America. You don't have a right to infect other people. You don't have a right to act in a way that's going to jeopardize public health. ... You can have an opinion but there are also facts, and you're wrong not to wear a mask."
Some experts said the COVID-19 pandemic helped cause the George Floyd protests and made them larger. Scholar Dr. Marcella Nunez-Smith of the Yale School of Medicine said, "They are protesting against police brutality and excessive force, no question, but they're also protesting for the ability to live their lives fully and completely, and to not have their lives cut short, either by force or preventable diseases."
Experts thought that the George Floyd protests would cause more people to catch COVID-19. In the United States, however, that did not happen as of July 1. Scientists said this could have been because the number of cases in large cities like New York was already going down, because the protests took place outside, because the protesters mostly wore masks, or because the protesters usually kept moving by walking or marching. Other experts said that because most of the protesters were young, healthy adults, perhaps they did catch COVID-19 and had not noticed.
Protests
There were sister protests in all 50 of the United States and in the capital, Washington, D.C. Some of the protests were peaceful and others had violence and looting. The National Guard moved out into more than 25 of the nation's 50 states.
Many early protests were peaceful while some later turned violent. In some places, police remained calm, and in others they used force, tear gas, and rubber bullets. In Washington, D.C. one man let more than 50 protesters come into his house so they could escape from the police who were chasing them. Two weeks into the protests, 9300 people had been arrested in the United States, including 1500 in New York and 2700 in Los Angeles.
In Newark, New Jersey, 12,000 people protested over the weekend of May 31. No one damaged any stores and no one was arrested. The Newark Community Street Team, formed in 2014, worked to prevent violence. Newark city leaders said that the young black Americans among the protesters were the reason the protest stayed peaceful. Camden, New Jersey and Flint, Michigan also had peaceful protests.
Protesters outside the White House, the building in Washington, D.C. where the president lives, called for Trump to resign. Some threw bottles. The United States Secret Service took Trump to a bunker in the White House. On Monday, June 1, the Secret Service used tear gas on peaceful protesters outside the White House so President Donald Trump could walk to St. John's Church and have his picture taken with a Bible.
On the weekend of June 6-7, protests in the United States were even bigger but mostly peaceful, according to The New York Times, and the protesters were more unified in what they wanted: police reform. There were tens of thousands of protesters in large cities like New York and Seattle and also protests in smaller towns like Marion, Ohio and Vidor, Texas. New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio announced on Sunday morning that New York City was stopping its 8:00 p.m. curfew.
The activist group Black Lives Matter sued the police department of Seattle, Washington on Tuesday June 9. That evening, protesters took over Seattle's city hall for about one hour. The protesters left city hall on their own (no one pushed them out). Protesters took over part of downtown Seattle, calling it the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone. At some point in June, there were four shootings in the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone. On July 1, city officials sent the police to clear the protesters out. They arrested 13 people.
The Georgia NAACP planned a March on Georgia for June 15. Thousands of people marched to the Georgia state capitol building to stop police brutality. The marchers also said they were marching because Georgia had made it harder for black people to vote by closing so many voting places that the ones that were left had very long lines, because they think Georgia's citizens' arrest laws are unfair, and because of the killings Rayshard Brooks, Breonna Taylor and Ahmaud Arbery.
In New York City, a group called Street Riders NYC organized bicycle riders to ride through the city chanting "Whose streets? Our streets!" "Say his name: George Floyd," and other slogans. Bicycle protests could have thousands of people, often riding through parts of the city where protesters do not usually go. One of Street Riders NYC's founders, Peter Kerre, told the New York Times, "We went deep, deep into the hood, places where these folks have never seen a march come through, and suddenly they're seeing 6,000 bikes. The reaction was just priceless, folks crying out with gratitude, coming out to say 'Thank you.'"
In late June, protesters came to City Hall Park in New York City and built a camp there with a welcome desk, library, tea hut, and kitchens. They were led by the group Vocal-NY. They demanded that the city remove US$1 billion from the city's police department's $6 billion budget and spend it on education and other things. New York City decides on its yearly budget on July 1.
Journalists
As of June 4, journalists covering the protests were attacked more than 300 times, 192 of them by the police, including 69 physical attacks. 49 journalists were arrested.
On the morning of May 28, white Minneapolis police officers arrested Omar Jimenez, a reporter for CNN, and his crew while they were filming the protests. Jiminez is black. He told the officers that he and his crew were journalists and offered to move further away, but the officers arrested them anyway. They were released later that day. Walz apologized to CNN, and said publicly that Jiminez and his crew had only been doing their jobs and acting within their rights. A white CNN reporter who had been working a block away from Jiminez noted that he had not been bothered by the police, only asked who he was.
In Minneapolis alone, several people were injured. In Washington, D.C., Amelia Brace and Tim Myers of 7News Australia were with the protesters who were pushed away so Donald Trump could walk to St. John's Church.
Sometimes protesters attacked journalists. In Washington D.C., protesters threw things at journalists from Fox News. In Atlanta, someone attacked CNN headquarters.
Suzanne Nossel of the human rights group PEN America blamed President Trump, who has said bad things about journalists since before he was elected. Human rights lawyer Tendai Biti said it reminded him of dictatorships in Africa.
Violence
According to a report written by the U.S. Crisis Monitor, Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), and the Bridging Divides Initiative of Princeton University, almost 95% of the protests were peaceful. They studied 10,600 protests between late May and late August and found that 10,100 had no violence. Only 570 protests had any violent acts. In cities where some protests were violent, it tended to happen in one or a few places and not through the whole city. Out of all protests connected to Black Lives Matter, 93% had no violence.
International protests
There were also protests outside the United States, in London, Toronto, Beijing, Berlin, Addis Ababa, and other places. Some of these international protesters said they wanted to support George Floyd but also bring attention to the racist actions by police in their own countries. In Toronto, protesters remembered the death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet, a black woman who fell out of her balcony when the police were in her apartment. Londoners protested outside the Grenfell Tower where many blacks and Arabs died in a fire. Parisians remembered Adama Traore, who died after being arrested by French police. Australians planned protests remembering David Dungay, an Australian Aboriginal man who died after being arrested. Dungay also said "I can't breathe," twelve times. Some protesters have told their own leaders that they want new laws against racism.
Impostors
At least one white supremacist group, Identity Evropa, pretended to be on the protesters' side on Twitter. They said they were part of antifa and told protesters to loot white neighborhoods. They were caught, and Twitter took their posts down for breaking their rules about violence, spam, and fake accounts.
Car collisions
As of the first week of July, drivers drove cars into groups of protesters 66 different times in the United States alone. Seven of the drivers were police. At least two people died. 24 drivers have been charged with crimes.
Arrests by federal agents
In mid-July in Portland, Oregon, federal agents began arresting protesters by pulling them into vehicles that did not have police markings on them. They did not tell the protesters exactly why they were being arrested. Some protesters were later charged with crimes and others were released.
These agents were from the federal government. Some of them were from Special Operations Group and Customs and Border Protection's BORTAC. Legally, federal agents are only allowed to arrest people on suspicion of federal crimes. Officially, they are only supposed to protect property that belongs to the U.S. federal government, but they have arrested people who were not near federal property. They did not ask the State of Oregon or the City of Portland for permission to arrest people in Portland. The mayor of Portland, Ted Wheeler, said he did not want the federal agents in the city. Governor of Oregon Kate Brown said it was "political theater from President Trump has nothing to do with public safety" and "a blatant abuse of power by the federal government."
On July 18, Navy Seabee veteran Christopher David heard about the arrests and went to downtown Portland to talk to the agents. Federal agents take an oath to defend the United States Constitution. David wanted to ask the agents how they could wrongly arrest people and defend the Constitution. Instead of answering him, they sprayed him with pepper spray and hit him with batons. They broke his leg. The event was caught on video.
On the night of July 22-23, protesters in Portland came to a federal building and threw fireworks over the fence. Federal agents used tear gas on the crowd. They also tear-gassed Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler, who had come out to talk to the protesters.
Other events
In Brooklyn, New York, video showed an officer pushing a seventy-year-old man. The man fell down and bled from his head. Both were white. The officer, Vincent D'Andraia, had also hurt other protesters. He was suspended and charged with assault. D'Andraia was the first New York City police officer charged with a crime because of things he did during the George Floyd protests.
In Seattle, Washington, 31 year old Nikolas Fernandez drove his car into a group of protesters and shot a man. He said he was afraid for his life because the protesters tried to grab him through his window. Firefighters took the injured man to the hospital.
In Richmond, Virginia on Sunday, June 7, 36 year old Harry H. Rogers drove his car into a group of protesters. Rogers is a member of the Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist group. Authorities charged Rogers with attempted malicious wounding, felony vandalism, and assault and battery and the prosecutor said she would consider charging him with a hate crime.
In Chicago, Illinois on Monday, August 10, people broke windows and stole things in the Magnificent Mile, which is Chicago's main shopping area. Many people were injured. More than 100 people were arrested. The city raised the bridges leading to the Magnificent Mile and stopped public transit so no one else could go in. Mayor of Chicago Lori Lightfoot said that Chicago did not need Federal agents.
Donations
People donated money to black-led political groups, especially bail funds. Bail funds provide money to help people who have been arrested get out of jail before their trials. The National Bail Fund Network got $75 million in two weeks. The Minnesota Freedom Fund got $20 million in four days. The Bail Project got more than $15 million. There was so much that some groups could not count it all. Black Lives Matter got $5 million from one petition alone. Some groups received so much money that they did not need more and told donors to go to other groups.
Deaths
As of June 9, 2020, nineteen people have died because of the protests:
On May 27 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Calvin Horton Jr. was killed during a protest. A local shopowner was arrested, and police said that the suspect had fired his gun after he saw lootings.
On May 29 in Detroit, Michigan, a man was killed near to the protests.
On May 30 in Oakland, California, a Federal Protective Service officer, David Patrick Underwood, was killed outside a federal courthouse in a drive-by attack. Another guard was also injured. The Department of Homeland Security has labeled the shooting an act of domestic terrorism. The FBI has not yet identified a motive or a suspect.
On May 30 in St. Louis, Missouri, a man died after being hit by a FedEx truck that was driving away from rioters.
On May 30 in Omaha, Nebraska, protester James Scurlock was killed outside of a bar. The suspect of the shooting is the owner of the bar.
On May 30 in Chicago, Illinois, a man was killed and five others were injured in from many different events near protesters.
On May 31 in Indianapolis, Indiana, two people were killed near to protests.
On June 1 in Louisville, Kentucky, a man was killed when the Louisville Metro Police and the Kentucky National Guard started shooting at the crowd. These authorities said that they returned fire after shots were fired at them. However, the man killed was not taking part in protests. An investigation for the death is ongoing.
On June 1 in Davenport, Iowa, two people were killed on a night with a lot of rioting. One police officer was also injured in a shooting.
On June 2 in St. Louis, Missouri, a police captain was killed after he tried to protect looters who stole television sets from a pawn shop.
Public opinion
According to Pew Research, two thirds of American adults thought the protests were good: 60% of white adults, 86% of black adults, 75% of Asian adults and 77% of Hispanic adults.
Some said the Floyd protests showed America was losing its place as a leader of other countries. French journalist Pierre Haski said on June 1, "Beijing could not have hoped for a better gift. The country that designates China as the culprit of all evils is making headlines around the world with the urban riots."
Government response
Reaction from Tim Walz
Governor of Minnesota Tim Walz wanted change: "It is time to rebuild. Rebuild the city, rebuild our justice system, and rebuild the relationship between law enforcement and those they're charged to protect. George Floyd's death should lead to justice and systemic change, not more death and destruction."
On June 2, 2020, Governor Walz said the Minnesota Department of Human Rights would investigate the Minneapolis Police Department. Governor Walz said, "The investigation will review MPD's policies, procedures and practices over the last 10 years to determine if the department has utilized systemic discriminatory practices towards people of color."
Human Rights Commissioner Rebecca Lucero said the Department could have the results of its report in "several months."
Reaction from Donald Trump
President Donald Trump spoke about his sympathy for George Floyd and his family, but also called the protesters "thugs" and said "when the looting starts, the shooting starts." Twitter hid the post because it broke their rules about presenting violence as good. Trump blamed the protests on "weak" Democratic mayors and governors and on the anti-fascist movement antifa, saying he would declare it a terrorist organization.
Senator Tim Scott of South Carolina, a black Republican, called Trump's tweets "not constructive."
On June 1, Trump told the cities and states with protests that they must stop the trouble or else he would send the military to do it. The law that allows Trump to do this, the Insurrection Act of 1807, was last used in 1992 for the Rodney King riots in Los Angeles.
Also on June 1, just before 7:00 p.m., when people had been ordered to stay off the street, police and Secret Service fired flash-bangs and tear gas at protesters near the White House. They did this to make the protesters leave St. John's Church. Then President Trump walked to St. John's Church, held up a Bible, and had his picture taken. Bishop Mariann E. Budde, the Episcopal religious leader for Washington D.C., said Trump did not say any prayers or talk about George Floyd. The next day, several Democrats and two Republicans said Trump was wrong to do this. Nebraska Senator Ben Sasse, a Republican, said. "But there is a fundamental -- a constitutional -- right to protest, and I'm against clearing out a peaceful protest for a photo op that treats the word of God as a political prop."
Reaction from the city of Minneapolis
Officials from the Minneapolis announced on June 5 that the police were no longer allowed to use chokeholds on people. On June 7, the city council voted to take apart the police department and replace it with something else.
Reaction from the state of Minnesota
The Minnesota state legislature attempted to write a new law that would redesign all police departments in Minnesota. In 2020, Minnesota's state legislature is the only one in the United States in which one political party controls one house and the other party controls the other. The United States Democratic Party has the majority of people in the Minnesota House of Representatives and the United States Republican Party has the majority of people in the Minnesota State Senate. The Democrats wanted large changes to policing and the criminal justice system in Minnesota, like letting the state attorney general investigate police killings and restoring voting rights to felons. The Republicans wanted small changes, like making a rule against using chokeholds like the one Chauvin used to kill George Floyd. Democrats said they did not like the Republican plan because it was mostly things that police departments had already tried. At midnight on Friday June 19, the Minnesota state legislature ran out of time. Their session ended, and neither plan became law.
Other reactions
Many American cities and states removed statues of Confederate soldiers and officers during the George Floyd protests. Sometimes the protesters pulled the statues down and sometimes the city councils decided to remove them. On June 5, the United States Marine Corps announced they would not allow Confederate flags at their bases. The Confederates were the pro-slavery side of the American Civil War in the 1800s. According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, Confederate statues and flags support white supremacy. Protesters also damaged or pulled down statues of Christopher Columbus in at least seven cities, including Miami, Boston, Baltimore, Maryland, Richmond, Virginia and Columbus, Ohio.
Universities renamed buildings. Columbia University's medical school was founded by Samuel Bard, a doctor who knew George Washington. He also owned slaves. In 1931, Columbia named a dormitory building, Bard Hall, after him. Columbia's Teacher's College took the name Edward L. Thorndike off a building. Thorndike had hated Jews and supported sexism and eugenics. Princeton University renamed Wilson College because the man it was named after, President Woodrow Wilson, had racist policies.
In June, the United States Senate ordered the military to change the names of all military bases named after Confederates, such as Fort Bragg. They have three years to pick new names.
In Bristol, England on the 7th of June, a crowd pushed down a statue of slave trader Edward Colston and threw it in the harbor. On July 15, people put up a statue of Jen Ried, a Black Lives Matter protester. The next day, the government of the city took the statue down because no one had asked for permission to put it up. The city officials took the statue to a museum. The statue is called "A Surge of Power (Jen Reid)" and was made by Marc Quinn. |
802841 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantastic%20Four%20%281997%20video%20game%29 | Fantastic Four (1997 video game) | Fantastic Four is a 1997 video game made by Acclaim Entertainment for the PlayStation.
Reception
The game has had very bad reviews and is considered the worst Fantastic Four game. |
681789 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negaunee%2C%20Michigan | Negaunee, Michigan | Negaunee is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. |
401829 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayne%20Mansfield | Jayne Mansfield | Jayne Mansfield (born Vera Jayne Palmer; April 19, 1933 - June 29, 1967) was an American movie, stage, and television actress. She was also a nightclub entertainer, a singer, and one of the early Playboy Playmates. Mansfield became a major Broadway star in 1955, a major movie star in 1956, and a major celebrity in 1957.
Early years
Mansfield was the only child of Herbert William Palmer (1904-1936) and Vera Jeffrey Palmer (1903-2000). She was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Her father was of German descent and her mother was of English descent.
After her father's death in 1936, Jayne, her mother, and stepfather Harry Lawrence Peers moved to Dallas, Texas. After high school graduation, she studied acting at Southern Methodist University and the University of Texas at Austin.
While in college, she had a number of small jobs such as hat check girl and nightclub photographer. She won many beauty pageants. She performed in local theater productions around Austin.
Career
In 1955, Mansfield went to New York City. She appeared in the Broadway production of Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? The critics praised her performance. She appeared in 400 plus shows of the play between 1955 and 1956.
She went to Hollywood in 1956. 20th Century Fox signed her to a six-year contract in an effort to replace the troubled Marilyn Monroe. Her first starring movie role was Jerri Jordan in The Girl Can't Help It (1956).
During production, she still appeared on Broadway in Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? The movie studio finally bought out her contract, and shut the show down. In 1957, she appeared in a movie version of the play.
Mansfield's movies include The Wayward Bus (1957), Too Hot to Handle (1960), and Promises! Promises! (1963). She won the Golden Globe for Most Promising Newcomer - Female for The Wayward Bus. On television, she made guest appearances on drama series, game shows, variety shows, and many talk shows.
Mansfield was one of Hollywood's original blonde bombshells. When the demand for big-breasted blonde bombshells decreased in the early 1960s, she became a box-office has-been.
She remained a popular celebrity however. Her nightclub acts and summer theater appearances attracted crowds. She made cheap "indies" and European melodramas and comedies.
Mansfield became the first major American actress to have a nude starring role in a Hollywood movie. The movie was Promises! Promises!. Hugh Hefner published nude photographs of Mansfield on the movie set in the June 1963 issue of Playboy. He was tried in Chicago city court on obscenity charges, but was acquitted.
Personal
Mansfield married public relations professional Paul Mansfield in 1950. They had one daughter, Jayne Marie Mansfield. The couple divorced in 1956. Jayne kept "Mansfield" as her professional name.
She married actor-bodybuilder Mickey Hargitay in 1958. They had three children, Miklos Jeffrey Palmer Hargitay, Zoltan Anthony Hargitay, and Mariska Magdolna Hargitay. They divorced in 1963.
She married Italian-born movie director Matt Cimber (a.k.a. Matteo Ottaviano, ne Thomas Vitale Ottaviano) in 1964. They had one son, Antonio Raphael Ottaviano (Tony Cimber). The couple separated in 1966. Their divorce was pending when Mansfield was killed in 1967.
Death
Mansfield was killed in a car crash in June 1967. She was going to New Orleans for a television interview when her car crashed into the back of a truck. Her lover Sam Brody and her driver Ronnie Harrison were also killed. Three of her children - Miklos, Zoltan and Mariska - escaped death with minor injuries. An urban legend about Mansfield being decapitated in the crash is untrue. She was buried on July 3 in Pennsylvania. Her gravestone is heart-shaped. |
156178 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arion%2C%20Iowa | Arion, Iowa | Arion is a city in Iowa in the United States. |
465857 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ourense%20Cathedral | Ourense Cathedral | Ourense Cathedral (Catedral de Ourense or Catedral do San Martino) is a cathedral in Ourense, Spain. It was founded in 550. It was made a Heritage site of Spain in 1931. It is mainly in the style of Gothic architecture. Building the cathedral was completed in 1220.
Further reading
Jose Manuel Garcia Iglesias (ed.): La Catedral de Ourense, Laracha 1993,
Jose Camon Aznar. La escultura y la rejeria espanolas del siglo XVI. Summa Artis. Historia general del arte. Vol. XVIII. Espasa Calpe, Madrid 1961. |
50878 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna%20Convention%20on%20the%20Law%20of%20Treaties | Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties | The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties is a contract of treaties and international law. It was signed in the 1960s. It codified earlier customs that were there. 105 states signed the convention. |
838310 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willkie%20Farr%20Gallagher | Willkie Farr Gallagher | Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, commonly known as Willkie, is an international law firm founded in 1888. It has over 750 lawyers, in 12 offices in six countries (including offices in New York, Washington, D.C., Houston, Palo Alto, San Francisco, Chicago, Paris, London, Rome, Milan, Frankfurt, and Brussels). The firm specializes in corporate practice. Supreme Court Justices Felix Frankfurter and Charles Evans Hughes began their careers at the firm, as did former Supreme Court nominee Robert Bork, and former New York Governor Mario Cuomo served as of counsel at Willkie Farr after leaving office. The law firm's profits per equity partner were $3.52 million in 2020. |
753177 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Arnett | Peter Arnett | Peter Gregg Arnett, ONZM (born 13 November 1934) is a New Zealand-born American journalist. He is known for his coverage of the Vietnam War and the Gulf War. He was awarded the 1966 Pulitzer Prize in International Reporting for his work in Vietnam from 1962 to 1965. He worked for the Associated Press. |
659409 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Lawrence%20County%2C%20New%20York | St. Lawrence County, New York | St. Lawrence County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, 108,505 people lived there. The county seat is Canton. This county is part of New York's 21st congressional district. |
970212 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Rapp | Anthony Rapp | Anthony Rapp is an American actor. He starred in the Broadway musical You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown in 1999. He now plays the character Paul Stamets on Star Trek:Discovery. |
93804 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20II%20of%20Macedon | Philip II of Macedon | Philip II was an ancient king of Macedonia. He ruled from 359 BC to 336 BC. He was the father of the emperor Alexander the Great, who was born in 356 BC. Philip united all of Ancient Greece. He would either bring a city-state into his hegemony with his military or he would talk/bribe the leaders into joining his empire. It was under his reign in 338 BC at Chaeronea against Athens that Alexander first showed his military genius. Philip was assassinated by one of his bodyguards, at the celebration of the wedding of his daughter. Alexander soon carried out Philip's plan to attack the Persian Empire. |
312490 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial | Imperial | Imperial may mean:
1. The things associated with a country led by a powerful leader (an empire) or with that leader (Emperor) as a person.
2. A system of weights and measures (Imperial units) formerly used by the old British Empire, and in places it controlled or affected, including inches, feet, ounces, pounds, and other measurements which are frequently used by English-speaking people, as opposed the International System based on meters and liters. |
998052 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%20%28group%29 | V (group) | V is a British five-piece boy band. It was formed by several auditions in Prestige in 2003. It disbanded in 2005.
Career
The band released four hit singles. Their first single "Blood, Sweat & Tears" reached 6 in UK, second double A-side single"Can You Feel It"/"Hip To Hip" which reached 5 in UK & "You Stood Up" which reached 12 in UK. Additional single "Earth, Wind & Fire", released in 2005, is also one of the hits by the band.
Every singles make success with their studio album "You Stood Up".
After disband
Kevin is in gay relationship with Westlife member Markus Feehily and also a photographer
Mark Harle became a drummer for indie band Little Comets until 2011, when he left the band.
Aaron Buckingham moved into A&R work, including managing the band Lawson.
Antony Brant remained friends with the members of McFly, and toured with the band alongside James Bourne and the Vamps in the spring of 2013 as a compere to their Memory Lane tour. |
227444 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americas | Americas | The Americas (or America) are lands in the Western Hemisphere that are also known as the New World. Comprising the continents of North America and South America, along with their associated islands, they cover 8.3% of the Earth's total surface area (28.4% of its land area).
Most people consider the countries in Central America to be part of North America instead of South America.
While the word American is usually used to mean a person or a thing from the United States, the most populated country in the Americas, sometimes people and things from anywhere in the Americas are called "American".
The Americas, or America, were discovered by Europeans in the late 15th century during the Age of Exploration. Christopher Columbus, sailing for Spain, reached the Caribbean islands in 1492, starting the connection between the Old World and the New World. After that, Europeans explored and settled in the Americas.
In the 16th century, powerful empires existed in the Americas. The Aztec Empire ruled central Mexico, and the Inca Empire controlled much of western South America. But when European colonizers arrived, conflicts happened, and these empires eventually fell.
During the next centuries, countries like Spain, Portugal, France, and England created colonies in different parts of the Americas. This led to changes in cultures, introduction of new diseases, and negative effects on native people.
In the 19th century, many American countries became independent from European rule. The American Revolution (1775-1783) led to the United States forming, and leaders like Simon Bolivar helped South American countries gain independence.
Over time, the Americas experienced important events like westward expansion in the U.S., the Mexican-American War, the Mexican Revolution, and the Cuban Revolution. The continent played a big role in World Wars and the Cold War too.
Today, the Americas have diverse cultures, languages, and traditions due to their history of interactions between indigenous people, European settlers, and immigrants from around the world. |
426436 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Lanka%20national%20cricket%20team | Sri Lanka national cricket team | Sri Lankan Cricket Team is the national cricket team of Sri Lanka. There have been a number of cricket playing legends from Sri Lanka. Two of the most famous players were Kumar Sangakkara and Sanath Jayasuriya. |
1006717 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20IV%20of%20Macedon | Alexander IV of Macedon | Alexander IV was the son of Alexander the Great. Alexander IV of Macedonia was born in Babylon. He is the son of Alexander The Great and Princess Roxana. He was born so only after the death of his father Alexander The Great. Alexander IV of Macedonia died in 323 BC. |
180413 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nariz%20%28footballer%29 | Nariz (footballer) | Alvaro Lopes Cancado (February 8, 1912 - September 19, 1984) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazilian national team. |
152545 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davenport%2C%20Florida | Davenport, Florida | Davenport is a city of Florida in the United States.
Geography
Davenport has a total area of 4.2 square miles. |
29723 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain | Ujjain | Ujjain is a city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Ujjain is a very old city, and one of the seven holy cities of the Hindus. It was an important city of Ancient India.it is known for the Mahakaleshwar Temple, a towering structure with a distinctively ornate roof. Nearby, Bade Ganesh Temple houses a colorful statue of Ganesh, the elephant-headed Hindu deity. Harsiddhi Temple features a pair of tall dark pillars studded with lamps. |
935382 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texan%20English | Texan English | Texan English or Texas English are the two main varieties of English native to Texas. A Southern American variety and a Spanish influenced one.
Texas English
In the eastern part of the state, there's what some call a Southern accent with a twist. This twist refers to the other southern accents which came to Texas throughout the history of English being spoken there.
Features include:
Monothongization of ai (i dipthong), making words like ride, dice and dike sound like rod (or rad), dace and dock. Such glide deletion is found in most varieties of Southern American English.
The cot-caught merger in which words like stalk and stock, are pronounced exactly the same.
The o in words like majority, orange and horrible is always pronounced like the o in whore rather than that in stop.
Tejano English
The second major Texas English variety is Tejano English - the Hispanic variety common in the southwest part of the state.
Features include:
Dropping of t and d in words that end in these letters.
Pronunciation of the i monothong as ee.
Conversion of th to t or d, so called dentalization''. |
846602 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20classical%20dance | Indian classical dance | The Indian classical dances are the dance forms representing the exemplary standards within the traditional and long-established forms or styles of the Indian culture. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, there are six classical dance forms of India. However, the number of classical dances vary in accordance to various sources.
Features
It involves rigorous and systematic training
Positions are very precise and codified
Basic movements need to be taught by dance guru
first before a student has basic knowledge to grasp any choreography.
Dance movements in classical dance are complex and need repeated practice before one master them.
It takes several years of training to master classical dance
Classical dance involves lots of discipline and a specific posture is maintained.
In Indian Classical dance, the dance describes stories of Gods and Goddesses through sophisticated facial expressions and elaborate codified hand gestures
Classical dances recognised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi
Bharatanatyam, from Tamil Nadu
Kathak, from Uttar Pradesh
Kathakali, from Kerala
Kuchipudi, from Andhra Pradesh
Manipuri, from Manipur
Mohiniyattam, from Kerala
Odissi, from Odisha
Sattriya, from Assam
Classical dances recognised by the Ministry of Culture
Chhau, from Eastern India (Odisha, Jharkhand, and West Bengal)
Gaudiya Nritya, from Manipur and West Bengal
Bharatnatyam
Bharatnatyam is a classical Indian dance form that originates from that originates in the temples of Tamil Nadu. The dance form is a reconstruction os Sadir, the art of temple dancers devadasis. Lord Shiva as Nataraja is considered the God of this dance form. Today, it is one of the most popular and widely performed dance form practiced by male and female dancers all over the world. The original name of Bharatnatyam was Sadir, Chinnamelan and Dasi Attam. A possible origin of the Bharatnatyam is that it comes after Bharata Muni, the author of Natya Shastra. Another popular etymology (explanation of the name) holds "Bhavan" means expression, "ragam" means melody and "Talam" means rhythm, finally, "Natyam" means dance, so the dance which has Bhavan, Ragam and Talam is called Bharatnatyam.
Aspects of Bhratnatyam
Bharatnatyam is a solo dance with two aspects Lasya, the graceful and feminine aspects associated with Goddess Parvati and Tandava , the masculine and rigorous aspects associated with Lord Shiva.
Training of Bharatnatyam
The Bharatnatyam training has been given its present shape by the Tanjore brothers. It begins with the practice of Adavus and then the students are taught the Margam from Pushpanjli, Kautvam, Alarippu, Jatiswaram, Sabdam, Varnam, Padams, Tilina. After many years of training, a student can perform an "arangetram", the first solo performance by a student. Bharatnatyam compositions are based on Carnatic Music system of Ragams and talams. It features graceful and assertive movements that are performed imaginary lines and geometrical patterns
Kathak
Kathak is a dance form that originates from Uttar Pradesh, North India. It is said that: "Katha kahe so kathak," which means that 'He who tells a story is a Kathak'. The Kathak or professional story-teller had a thorough knowledge of the epics and mythology, village legends and local beliefs. It is said that the kathak was so adept at this art that he often kept a whole village absorbed while he sat entertaining them.
Dancing style of Kathak
Kathak is characterised bt graceful movements, subtle expressions and sophisticated use of rhythm. Technical virtuosity and flamboyance is complimented by subtlety in the depiction of moods and emotions. Pure dance is the predominant feature of Kathak. In Kathak, the dancer addresses directly to the audience. The knees are not flexed outwards or forwards as in the other classical dance form of India. The feet, with ghungroos around the ankles, beat out a whole range of rhythmic sounds. Skill in rendering intricate beats is fundamental to the style.
History of Kathak
Although, Kathak was an established tradition as a medium of worship during the Vaishnava age, it started being performed in courts with the coming of the Mughals. The dancer moved from thr temple courtyards to the palace durbar and this brought changes on the presentation as we know it today. Kathak saw a great period of glory in the 19th century during the reign of Wajid Ali Shah, the last nawab of Awadh. It was under his patronage that the Lucknow gharana was established. The two other important gharanas in Kathak are the Jaipur gharana and the Banaras gharana. |
471878 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horacio%20Cartes | Horacio Cartes | Horacio Manuel Cartes Jara (born 5 July 1956) is an Paraguayan politician. He served as President of Paraguay from 2013 through 2018.
Cartes won the 2013 presidential election in Paraguay on 21 April 2013 and took office as President on 15 August 2013. |
123786 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trauma%20center | Trauma center | A trauma center is a hospital equipped to be able to help patients 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. |
18091 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamford%20Bridge | Stamford Bridge | Stamford Bridge could be
Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire, a village in the East Riding of Yorkshire
The Battle of Stamford Bridge, a battle in England on 25 September 1066
Stamford Bridge (stadium), a stadium in London
Chelsea F.C., who are based in that stadium |
44131 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn%20Monroe | Marilyn Monroe | Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 - August 4, 1962) was an American actress, writer, model, singer and filmmaker. Between 1946 and 1962, she made 44 movies. Famous for playing comic "blonde bombshell" characters, she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s and was emblematic of the era's attitudes towards sexuality. Although she was a top-billed actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962.
Biography
Marilyn Monroe was born as Norma Jeane Mortenson or Norma Jeane Baker, on June 1, 1926 at LAC+USC Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, United States. When she was seven years old, her mother, Gladys (Monroe) Baker Mortenson, was hospitalized after being diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic, a severe mental condition. Norma was left in a series of foster homes and the Los Angeles Orphans' Home Society. The constant move from one foster home to another resulted in Norma's "sketchy" educational background.
After Norma's sixteenth birthday, her foster parents had to move from California. To avoid an orphanage or a new foster home, Norma chose to get married. On June 19, 1942, Norma married James Dougherty, but the marriage would all but end when he joined the U.S. Merchant Marines in 1943. Though her difficult childhood and early failed marriage would make Norma Jean a strong and resilient woman, these experiences would also add to her insecurities and flaws--things that would ultimately shape her into a great tragic figure of the twentieth century.
Movies
Marilyn Monroe became famous, starring in a number of hit movies during the 1950s and early 1960s. She also became famous for modeling for photographers and singing in her musical movies. One time, she sang "Happy Birthday" to President John F. Kennedy. It turned out to be one of her last appearances.
Personal life
Marriages
The 16-year-old Norma Jeane married James Dougherty on June 19, 1942. After the wedding, he joined the navy. At this time, Norma met an army photographer, David Conover. She began a career as a model. She changed her name to Marilyn Monroe. She and Dougherty divorced on September 13, 1946.
Monroe married the baseball star Joe DiMaggio on January 14, 1954. The marriage lasted for nine months. She had met DiMaggio on a blind date, during the filming of the movie Monkey Business in 1952. The marriage was closely followed by the public. DiMaggio retired from baseball, and Marilyn became very famous. DiMaggio was sad that his career as a baseball star was ending, and was jealous of Marilyn for being admired. He spent most of his time watching television and Monroe found it boring. They separated on October 31, 1954. From 1961, they became friends again. DiMaggio said that he gave Marilyn a rose every week for 20 years.
Marilyn married Arthur Miller on June 29, 1956. She converted to Judaism. She had met him during the filming of As Young As You Feel in 1951. She was so happy with him and they tried to have children together. Marilyn had three miscarriages, because of her endometriosis. Miller wrote the screenplay for the movie The Misfits. The filming caused many problems between Marilyn and Arthur and they separated on January 20, 1961.
Death
She died early from an overdose of barbiturates on August 4, 1962 in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California, U.S. at 36 years old.
Filmography
Dangerous Years (1947)
Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! (1948)
Ladies of the Chorus (1948)
Love Happy (1949)
A Ticket to Tomahawk (1950)
The Asphalt Jungle (1950)
All About Eve (1950)
The Fireball (1950)
Right Cross (1951)
Home Town Story (1951)
As Young as You Feel (1951)
Love Nest (1951)
Let's Make It Legal (1951)
Clash by Night (1952)
We're Not Married! (1952)
Don't Bother to Knock (1952)
Monkey Business (1952)
O. Henry's Full House (1952)
Niagara (1953)
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953)
How to Marry a Millionaire (1953)
River of No Return (1954)
There's No Business Like Show Business (1954)
The Seven Year Itch (1955)
Bus Stop (1956)
The Prince and the Showgirl (1957)
Some Like It Hot (1959)
Let's Make Love (1960)
The Misfits (1961)
Something's Got to Give (1962 - unfinished)
Awards and nominations
1951 Henrietta Awards: The Best Young Box Office Personality
1952 Photoplay Award: Fastest Rising Star of 1952
1952 Photoplay Award: Special Award
1952 Look American Magazine Achievement Award: Most Promising Female Newcomer of 1952
1953 Golden Globe Henrietta Award: World Film Favorite Female.
1953 Sweetheart of The Month (Playboy)
1953 Photoplay Award: Most Popular Female Star
1954 Photoplay Award for Best Actress: for Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry a Millionaire
1956 BAFTA Film Award nomination: Best Foreign Actress for The Seven Year Itch
1956 Golden Globe nomination: Best Motion Picture Actress in Comedy or Musical for Bus Stop
1958 BAFTA Film Award nomination: Best Foreign Actress for The Prince and the Showgirl
1958 David di Donatello Award (Italian): Best Foreign Actress for The Prince and the Showgirl
1959 Crystal Star Award (French): Best Foreign Actress for The Prince and the Showgirl
1960 Golden Globe, Best Motion Picture Actress in Comedy or Musical for Some Like It Hot
1962 Golden Globe, World Film Favorite: Female
Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame 6104 Hollywood Blvd. |
290555 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Boal | Mark Boal | Mark Boal (born January 23, 1973) is an American journalist, screenwriter and film producer. Boal won 2 Academy Awards in 2009 for The Hurt Locker in the categories of Best Writing (Original Screenplay) and Best Picture. |
200030 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche%20Bank | Deutsche Bank | Deutsche Bank AG (literally "German Bank") is a German and international bank. The headquarters of this bank is in Frankfurt am Main, Germany and located in the Deutsche Bank Twin Towers.
More than 81,000 people in 76 countries work for the Deutsche Bank. |
156045 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus%2C%20Indiana | Columbus, Indiana | Columbus is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States.
About 47,000 people were living in Columbus in 2016. |
946524 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinay%2C%20Cher | Brinay, Cher | Brinay is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. Around 523 people lived there in January 2019. |
834945 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20postal%20codes%20in%20Austria | List of postal codes in Austria | Postal codes in Austria consist of four digits. They were introduced on 1 January 1966. Each code denotes a post office of the Osterreichische Post company.
The first digit identifies a geographic delivery area in Austria. The second identifies a routing area. The third defines the route the mail takes by either car/truck or train. The fourth stands for the post office outlet in the routing city. |
763931 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/42nd%20parallel%20north | 42nd parallel north | The 42nd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 42 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.
At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 15 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 7 minutes during the winter solstice. |
310188 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro%20Baracchi | Pietro Baracchi | Pietro Paolo Giovanni Ernesto Baracchi (1851-1926) was an Italian astronomer. He moved to Australia in the 1870s and worked at the Melbourne Observatory. In 1910 the Australian government asked him to find a suitable place for an observatory in the new Australian Capital Territory. Barrachi set up a small observatory on Mount Stromlo in May 1911. This was the first government building in Canberra and was the beginning of the Mount Stromlo Observatory. The observatory had a 9-inch (23 cm) telescope, donated by Ballarat gold miner, James Oddie. |
440482 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huber%20Matos | Huber Matos | Huber Matos Benitez (26 November 1918 - 27 February 2014) was a Cuban dissident activist and writer from Yara, Granma Province.
He was best known as a revolutionary who assisted Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and other members of the 26th of July Movement (M-26-7) in removing the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista as part of the Cuban Revolution. He was against Batista since the general's effective coup in 1952, which he called unconstitutional, but became more critical of the movement's shift towards Marxist principles, and closing ties with leaders of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC). He was convicted of "treason and sedition" by the new Castro regime. He would spend 20 years in prison (1959-1979) before being released in 1979.
After his release, he spent his time between Miami, Florida, United States and Costa Rica. He was politically active in speaking out against the Cuban government.
Matos died from a heart attack on 27 February 2014 in Miami, Florida. He was aged 95. |
773270 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsburg%2C%20Brooklyn | Williamsburg, Brooklyn | Williamsburg is in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. |
674303 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Story%20of%20Pollyanna%2C%20Girl%20of%20Love | The Story of Pollyanna, Girl of Love | is a Japanese anime series by Nippon Animation. It is a part of the World Masterpiece Theater series. It consists of 51 episodes. It was aired on Fuji TV between January 12 and December 28, 1986. Animax ran the show again across Japan from February 2007.
It was based on the 1913 novel Pollyanna and 1915 sequel Pollyanna Grows Up by Eleanor H. Porter. |
938820 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantham%2C%20New%20Hampshire | Grantham, New Hampshire | Grantham is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. |
370538 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijbehara | Bijbehara | Bijbehara () is a town in Anantnag District, Jammu and Kashmir, India. |
377457 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterhouse%2C%20Cambridge | Peterhouse, Cambridge | Peterhouse is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was created in 1284 and is the oldest college. It is also one of the smallest ones, with less than 400 total students.
In 1280, Hugo de Balsham, the person who created the college, was first allowed to keep some students following the same rules of Merton College, Oxford. At first, they stayed where St John's College is now. Four years later, they bought some land near the Church of St Peter in Trumpington Street, where Peterhouse is still found now. Over the years, Peterhouse has been centre of many important events. It was here that many discussions about religion and the Protestant Reformation took place. Peterhouse was also the second building in England to get electricity, after the Palace of Westminster.
Some very important people have studied here. Five of them have won Nobel Prizes:
Max Perutz and John Kendrew - Chemistry (1962) for finding out the first atomic structures of proteins using X-ray crystallography.
Sir Aaron Klug - Chemistry (1982) for developing crystallographic electron microscopy.
Archer Martin - Chemistry (1952) for inventing partition chromatography. |
327556 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20%26%20Peele | Key & Peele | Key & Peele is a comedy television show. It was created by Keegan Michael Key and Jordan Peele in 2012 and airs on Comedy Central. Keegan Michael Key and Jordan Peele are in the series as the characters. There are many characters such as the Substitute Teacher and Luther (Barack Obama's angry translator). |
548036 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber%20Rudd | Amber Rudd | Amber "Smug" Rudd (born 1 August 1963) is a British Conservative Party politician. She has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for the East Sussex constituency of Hastings and Rye since 2010 and was the Home Secretary between July 2016 and April 2018. Her appointment as Home Secretary made her the fifth woman to hold one of the Great Offices of State.
In 2018 Rudd resigned as Home Secretary following the Windrush scandal and was replaced by Sajid Javid. She returned to government as Secretary of State for Work and Pensions in November 2018. |
731422 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami%20County%2C%20Indiana | Miami County, Indiana | Miami County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 36,903 people lived there. The county seat is Peru. |
407065 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitoid%20wasp | Parasitoid wasp | By far the greater number of wasps (over 500,000 species in the superfamily Chalcidoidea alone) are a special type of parasite. They are parasitoids which lay their eggs in or on the bodies of other insect species (usually the larvae such as caterpillars).
Different species specialise in hosts from different insect orders, most often Lepidoptera, though some select beetles, flies, or bugs; the spider wasps (Pompilidae) exclusively attack spiders.
Almost every insect pest species has at least one wasp species that preys upon it or parasitizes it. This makes wasps critically important in the natural control of pest numbers (biocontrol). Parasitic wasps are increasingly used in agricultural pest control as they themselves do little or no damage to crops. Farmers buy these parasitic wasps for insect control in their fields.
With most species, the adult parasitic wasps themselves do not get any nutrients from their prey. Much like bees, butterflies, and moths, those which do feed as adults usually get all of their nutrition from nectar.
Parasitic wasps are extremely varied in their habits. Many lay their eggs in inert stages of their host (egg or pupa). If the prey is a caterpillar, they paralyze it by injecting it with venom through their ovipositor. Then they insert one or more eggs into the host or deposit them upon the host externally. The host remains alive until the parasitoid larvae are mature, dying later when the parasitoids pupate, or when they emerge as adults. Basically, the hosts are eaten alive.
Ichneumons
The Ichneumonoidea is a superfamily of wasp parasitoids. It has two main families:
Ichneumonidae: this is by far the largest family. It is a very specific parasite, each species preying on only one or two prey species.
Braconidae: these are more all-round parasites which have a wide range of hosts they can parasitise.
Polydnavirus (PDV)
Polydnaviruses are a unique group of insect viruses that have a mutualistic relationship with parasitic wasps.
The virus protects the parasitic larva inside the host by weakening the host's immune system. It also alters the cells of the host in ways which help the parasite. The polydnavirus, like all viruses, need a host to replicate itself. This it does in the oviducts of the female wasp.
The relationship between these viruses and the wasp is obligatory: all individuals are 'infected' with the viruses; the virus has been added to the wasp's genome.
The two main genera of polydnaviruses are the Ichnoviruses (IV) and the Bracoviruses (BV). The ichnoviruses occur in ichneumonid wasp species and bracoviruses in braconid wasps.
Host defence
The victims of parasitoids do have defences they can use. Many try to hide from the wasps. The egg shells and cuticles of the prey are thickened to prevent the wasp from penetrating them. When the wasp arrives, prey may drop off the plant they are on, or twist and thrash to dislodge the female. Some regurgitate onto the wasp to tangle it up. The wriggling can sometimes help by causing the wasp to miss laying the egg on the host and instead place it nearby. Wriggling of pupae can cause the wasp to lose its grip on the smooth hard pupa or get trapped in the silk strands. Some caterpillars bite wasps that approach it. Some secrete poisonous compounds that kill or drive away the parasitoid. Ants that are in a symbiotic relationship with caterpillars, aphids or scale insects defend them from attack by wasps.
Even parasitoid wasps are vulnerable to hyperparasitoid wasps. Some parasitoid wasps change the behaviour of the infected host to build a silk web around the pupa of the wasps after they emerge from its body to protect them from hyperparasitoids.
In endoparasitoids, host immune cells can encapsulate the eggs and larvae of parasitoid wasps. In aphids, a secondary endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola carries a latent phage. This phage makes the aphid relatively immune to their parasitoid wasps by killing many of the eggs. However, wasps counter this by laying more eggs in aphids that have the endosymbiont so that at least one of them can hatch and parasitize the aphid.
Certain caterpillars eat plants that are toxic to both themselves and the parasite to cure themselves. Drosophila melanogaster larvae also self-medicate with ethanol to treat parasitism. D. melanogaster females lay their eggs in food containing toxic amounts of alcohol if they detect parasitoid wasps nearby. Despite the alcohol slowing the growth of the flies, it protects them from the wasps.
Evolution
Parasitoidism evolved only once in the Hymenoptera, during the Permian. It lead to a single clade, the Apocrita. Almost all parasitoid wasps are descended from this clade.
The parasitic lifestyle has been lost several times, including among the ants, bees, and yellowjacket wasps. As a result, the order Hymenoptera has many families of parasitoids intermixed with non-parasitoid groups. The Hymenoptera, Apocrita, and Aculeata are all clades, and each has both parasitic and non-parasitic species. The parasitoid wasps do not form a clade on their own.
The parasitoid wasps include some very large groups. Some estimates suggest the Chalcidoidea has 500,000 species, the Ichneumonidae 100,000 species, and the Braconidae up to 50,000 species.
Host insects have evolved a range of defences against parasitoid wasps, including hiding, wriggling, and camouflage markings.
A big increase of species in the Hymenoptera occurred soon after the evolution of parasitoidy in the order. The parasitoidy may have been a main cause of it. The evolution of a 'wasp waist' (a constriction in the abdomen) helped the Apocrita because it increased manoeuverability of the ovipositor (the organ used to lay eggs). |
194365 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park%20Kang-jo | Park Kang-jo | Park Kang-Jo (born 24 January 1980) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. |
653610 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20governors%20of%20Michigan | List of governors of Michigan | The Governor of Michigan is the head of the executive branch of Michigan's state government and is the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.
The governor has a duty to enforce state laws. He or she is also empowered to reorganize the executive branch of the state government.
In 1805, the Michigan Territory was created, and five men were territorial governors, until Michigan was granted statehood in 1837. Forty-eight individuals have held the position of state governor. The first female governor, Jennifer Granholm, was elected in 2003. |
809623 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio%20Salvador%20Caja | Gregorio Salvador Caja | Gregorio Salvador Caja (11 July 1927 - 26 December 2020) was a Spanish linguist. Salvador Caja was born in Cullar, Granada, Spain. His works were about structural semantics. He wrote for the Spanish newspaper ABC. Salvador Caja was elected to the Real Academia Espanola on 5 June 1986.
Salvador Caja died on 26 December 2020 at the age of 93. |
480401 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%20bread | Brown bread | Brown bread is a name for breads made with a lot of whole grain flour with usually rye or wheat. There are sometimes dark-coloured ingredients such as molasses or coffee. |
586762 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maschwanden | Maschwanden | Maschwanden is a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. |
648113 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlene%20Foster | Arlene Foster | Dame Arlene Isabel Foster MLA PC (; born 17 July 1970) is a Northern Irish politician. She was the First Minister of Northern Ireland from 2020 until 2021, having also served this role from 2016 to 2017. She also was the leader of the largest Northern Irish political party, the Democratic Unionist Party, from 2015 until 2021. She was a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly, representing Fermanagh and South Tyrone from 2003 until 2021. She strongly supports Northern Ireland staying in the United Kingdom and is a member of the Protestant Church of Ireland.
On 28 April 2021, after more than 20 DUP MLAs and four DUP MPs signed a letter "...voicing no confidence in her leadership", Foster announced that she would resign as party leader on 28 May 2021 and as First Minister and MLA in June 2021. |
595975 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%20Frost | Jo Frost | Jo Frost (born 27 June 1970) is a British nanny who hosted a television program broadcasted in the United Kingdom called Supernanny, first aired in 2004. She later did the United States version, and it first aired in January 2005. Supernanny ended in March 2011 in the United States and 7 September 2012 in the United Kingdom. Frost now does Jo Frost: Nanny on Tour on the UP channel.
Personal life
Jo Frost has a husband, his name is Darrin Jackson. She married him in 2014. |
118557 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig%20Levein | Craig Levein | Craig William Levein (born 22 October 1964 in Dunfermline) is a Scottish former professional footballer and current football manager. Levein currently manages Scottish Premier League club Hearts where he is also the Director of Football. During his playing career he played for Cowdenbeath F.C., Heart of Midlothian and won 16 caps for the Scotland national team. |
351426 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washmere%20Green | Washmere Green | Washmere Green is a hamlet in Suffolk, England. There is Wesleyan House in Washmere Green which was "not exclusively used for worship". |
532136 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slobodan%20Santra%C4%8D | Slobodan Santrač | Slobodan Santrac (Serbian Cyrillic: Slobodan Santrach; 1 July 1946 - 13 February 2016) was a Yugoslav and Serbian football manager and player. He was the all-time top scorer of the Yugoslav First League with a total of 218 goals. He was also the top scorer in the history of OFK Beograd.
After finishing his playing career, Santrac was manager of numerous clubs and national teams. He reached the knockout stage with FR Yugoslavia at the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France.
On 13 February 2016, Santrac died of a heart attack in Belgrade. He was aged 69. |
16411 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester | Chester | Chester is a city in the north-west of England. It is almost 2000 years old and was started by Romans. A person from Chester is called a Cestrian.
Chester is on the river Dee, and is the county town of the county of Cheshire. It is near to the country Wales. Almost 120,000 people live in Chester. It is just south of Liverpool.
During the Dark Ages, Chester came under attack from Viking raiders who sailed up the river in their longships. After the conquest of Britain by the Normans in 1066, William I created the first Earl of Chester who began the construction of Chester Castle.
By the Middle Ages, Chester had become a wealthy trading port: it was at this time that the Rows were built. However disaster befell the city during the English Civil War as Chester was besieged for two years before starvation forced its people to surrender. As the centuries passed, the harbour gradually silted up and by Georgian times the port was virtually gone. Today some of the original quay can still be seen near the Chester Racecourse.
During Victorian times the magnificent gothic-style Town Hall was built and the Eastgate Clock was erected in honour of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee.
Near to Chester is Chester Zoo, which is the biggest zoo in the United Kingdom. There are other interesting places in Chester, and many are connected to its history. For example, there is the old Roman amphitheatre. This is the biggest in the UK. The Rows are unusual shops. In the centre of the town, the main streets have two rows of shops, one on top of the other. The Rows have been part of Chester since the Middle Ages.Chester has oldest racecourse, Chester racecourse. The infamous Goteddsday football match took place on the field and was outlawed as a result in 1533. |