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এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Over nine years, the Soviet spy handed over information that led to the betrayal of at least 40 MI6 agents in Eastern Europe. He was jailed in London in 1960, but escaped in 1966 and fled to Russia. The Russian Foreign Intelligence Service said Blake "had a genuine love for our country". His death, reported by Russia's state-owned news agency RIA Novosti, was confirmed by Sergei Ivanov, the head of the press bureau of the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR). Russian president Vladimir Putin described him as an "outstanding professional of special courage and life endurance". "Throughout the years of his hard and strenuous efforts he made a truly invaluable contribution to ensuring the strategic parity and the preservation of peace on the planet," he said in a message of condolence. "Our hearts will always cherish the warm memory of this legendary man." Blake was born George Behar on 11 November 1922 in the Dutch city of Rotterdam. His father was a Spanish Jew who had fought with the British army during World War One and acquired British citizenship. Blake himself worked for the Dutch resistance during World War Two, before fleeing to British-controlled Gibraltar. He was later, due to his background, asked to join the intelligence service. In an interview with the BBC in 1990, Blake said he estimated that he betrayed more than 500 Western agents but he denied suggestions that 42 of them had lost their lives as a result of his actions. His downfall came when a Polish secret service officer, Michael Goleniewski, defected to the West, bringing his mistress and details of a Soviet mole in British intelligence. Blake was recalled to London and arrested. At a subsequent trial he pleaded guilty to five counts of passing information to the Soviet Union. George Blake did enormous damage to British intelligence operations during the Cold War, betraying agents and secret operations and showing that the KGB could run agents within the heart of the British state. His escape from prison added to the embarrassment. The reasons behind Blake's actions sometimes seemed mysterious, particularly his initial recruitment. When I contacted him a decade ago, he told me: "It is no longer of particular importance to me whether my motivations are generally understood or not." Part of the problem for him was that he had chosen communism but lived to see its collapse and the end of the Soviet Union, living out his days in Russia, where he was still seen as a hero by the successors to the KGB. In 1995, Blake's escape from HMP Wormwood Scrubs became the focus of the play Cell Mates, starring Stephen Fry and Rik Mayall. And in 2015, the BBC documentary Masterspy of Moscow followed what it called "the strange life" of an "enigmatic traitor".

স্নায়ুযুদ্ধের সময়কার অন্যতম কুখ্যাত গুপ্তচর জর্জ ব্লেক মস্কোতে মারা গেছেন বলে রুশ মিডিয়ায় খবর বেরিয়েছে। তার বয়স হয়েছিল ৯৮।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The US president accused the social network of "collusion" on Twitter, branding it "anti-Trump". He made the same claim against the New York Times and the Washington Post. Facebook will shortly hand over 3,000 political adverts to congressional investigators probing alleged Russian meddling in the US election. The site believes the ads were probably purchased by Russian entities during and after the 2016 presidential contest. Facebook, Twitter and Google have been asked to testify before the US Senate Intelligence Committee on 1 November about the allegations of Russian interference. Facebook and Google have confirmed they have received invitations to attend the committee hearing, but none of the social media giants have yet said they will be present. Analysis Dave Lee, BBC North America technology reporter, San Francisco Mark Zuckerberg has made it clear in the past that he doesn't like Donald Trump - or at least, his policies. This statement shows frustration, I think. Not just with the president, but at the atmosphere swirling around Facebook at the moment - commentary that is painting it as a burden on the electoral process, and maybe even on society as a whole. He's trying to show all the good - as he sees it - that Facebook has done. He feels hard done by. And as a man obsessed by data and metrics, he's probably looking at the problem of Russian-backed fake news ads and seeing it as a minuscule part of all the election goings-on on his network of 2 billion people. But it's not the scale that's the issue here - but his immature refusal to face up to the public's concerns. It was less cover up, more can't-be-bothered. Mark Zuckerberg has surely by now realised that he must answer his users' concerns, even when he doesn't share them. His mistake may prove extremely costly - he's boosted those calling for stricter regulation of internet companies. Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC In a Facebook post responding to President Trump's criticism, CEO Mark Zuckerberg said he was striving to make "a platform for all ideas". He said that aside from "problematic ads", Facebook's impact ranged from "giving people a voice, to enabling candidates to communicate directly, to helping millions of people vote". He noted that both ends of the political spectrum were upset about content they disliked, and that liberals in the US had accused him of enabling Mr Trump's victory. He said the candidates' campaigns had "spent hundreds of millions advertising online," which he called "1000x more than any problematic ads we've found". The 33-year-old said he regretted saying on the day Mr Trump was elected that it was "crazy" to say that misinformation on Facebook changed the election's outcome, because it sounded dismissive. He promised Facebook would "continue to build a community for all people" - and to "defend against nation states attempting to spread misinformation and subvert elections". Mr Zuckerberg's response attracted 65,000 "likes" within two hours of being posted. The Kremlin has long denied any form of interference in the US election, and Mr Trump has railed against allegations that his staff had improper links to Russia. However, US intelligence agencies have concluded Moscow tried to sway the vote in favour of Mr Trump. Congressional committees and an FBI inquiry are currently probing the matter.

সামাজিক যোগাযোগ মাধ্যমগুলো সবসময়ই তাঁর বিরুদ্ধে -যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের এমন মন্তব্য উড়িয়ে দিয়েছেন ফেসবুকের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা মার্ক জাকারবার্গ।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Social media users reported hearing explosions in the nearby cities of Garmdareh and Qods, state media said. It is not clear where the reported incident took place. Key sites including nuclear facilities and oil refineries have been damaged in recent incidents. In July Iran's Atomic Energy Organisation confirmed a fire took place at a nuclear plant in Natanz. The incident is reported to have set back Iran's nuclear programme. Rumours of the latest incident began circulating online at around midnight on Thursday, according to reports by state-run IRIB news agency. Locals reported hearing three or four mortar-like sounds similar to anti-aircraft weapons, reported government-run Press TV. A small number of social media accounts claiming to be from Garmdareh reported hearing sounds, according to analysis by BBC News, but images of fire and damaged buildings circulating online were found to be old. Qods governor Leila Vaseghi told government-run news agency IRNA that a short power outage occurred in the city but it was linked to a hospital. The member of parliament for Qods also denied that an explosion happened in the city and said the power outages were related to the routine activities of the local power company. The major of Garmdareh said the sound heard locally was an "explosion at a factory making gas cylinders", according to the New York Times. What other incidents have taken place? Since late June there have been several unexplained fires or blasts at sensitive sites: The Supreme National Security of Iran says the cause of the explosion at Natanz nuclear site has been determined but cannot currently be announced due to security reasons. Some Iranian officials told Reuters news agency that Israel is suspected of bombing the site. When asked if Israel was behind the incident, Israel's foreign minister responded "our actions in Iran [are] better left unsaid".

ইরানের সরকার রাজধানী তেহরানের কাছে নতুন করে বিস্ফোরণের খবর অস্বীকার করেছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

I arrived in Ayodhya on the foggy evening of 4 December 1992. I was on an assignment with The Pioneer newspaper to take pictures of kar sevaks (Hindu volunteers) and Hindu radical leaders who were expected to gather at the Babri mosque site. Thousands of workers belonging to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), an organisation dedicated to promoting Hindu nationalism, had already gathered. The RSS is the ideological fountainhead for Hindu groups, including the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) which now rules the country. They planned to start the construction of a temple on the site that they believed was the birthplace of the Hindu god Ram. They had given a commitment not to touch the mosque and to restrict construction to a religious ceremony symbolising the laying of the first bricks. A BJP MP I was in touch with told me there was going to be a rehearsal for the demolition of the Babri mosque on the morning of 5 December. "I have orders from top bosses to ensure that no media is granted access to this exercise. But you are a friend and I am giving you this information," he told me. Disguised as a volunteer - wearing a saffron scarf, headband and a special entry badge on my jacket - I was escorted to the meeting ground the size of a football field a few yards from the mosque. Thousands of workers wearing saffron headbands and scarves had gathered there. The area was cordoned off by badge-wearing volunteers. "This is the only way you can take photographs of the rehearsal. Stay close to me and shout slogans like the volunteers, blend in. This way you will be safe," the functionary told me. A burly man suddenly stood before me gesturing me to put away my camera. I pointed to my badge and loudly shouted slogans like everyone else. He nodded and directed me to a large group of men standing at a distance. I whipped out my camera and started taking pictures of the incredible scene unfolding before me. Men with crowbars, pickaxes, shovels and iron rods were trying to topple a huge mound of earth. Everything was done with precision. These were not mere volunteers but professionals who knew how to bring down a building. The Liberhan Commission (the government-appointed panel which tabled its report on the destruction of the Babri mosque in 2009) makes the following observation: "It was averred before the Commission that a rehearsal was carried out for demolition of the disputed structure. Some photographs too were placed on record before the Commission. It will however not be safe to hazard finding about training in the absence of the conclusive evidence, though there is some circumstantial evidence and some statements do point finger to the conclusion that the Karsevaks were trained in demolition." My photographs capture a man, the only one in the crowd of volunteers with his face covered by a handkerchief, barking orders at the men tugging away at the mound with ropes and iron wire meshes. He appeared to be some sort of a leader of one of the right-wing parties and, therefore, didn't want to disclose his identity. The mound was successfully toppled to loud cheers and lusty slogans from the volunteers. I hid my camera inside my jacket and exited the place, chanted along with the crowd, thrilled that I was the only journalist to have witnessed this rehearsal and photographed it for posterity. The next day, I along with other journalists took position on the fourth floor of a building overlooking the mosque and a raised platform where important leaders of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) and BJP were overseeing a rally of at least 150,000 volunteers. Even police guarding the site were shouting slogans. Just after noon, the crowd turned violent and charged at the policemen and volunteers guarding the mosque. Some climbed to the fourth floor and attacked journalists and broke cameras of photographers in an effort to wipe out any photographic evidence of the demolition as it was under way a few metres away. In the matter of a few hours the mosque was razed to the ground. I ran as fast as my legs could carry me towards the hotel. Riots had already started. I looked around for policemen or anyone who could help, but people were shutting shops, closing doors and windows of their homes. The day they brought down the mosque, I felt ashamed of being a Hindu. I have deposed as a witness before the Liberhan Commission and still continue to be called by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) as a witness in the special court which is hearing the case on the demolition. It has been 25 years, but none of the people responsible for the demolition have been punished. Praveen Jain, Associate Photo Editor with Indian Express, spoke to Anasuya Basu.

১৯৯২ সালের ৬ই ডিসেম্বর ভারতের অযোধ্যা শহরে সপ্তদশ শতকে তৈরি এক ঐতিহাসিক স্থাপনা, বাবরি মসজিদ ভেঙ্গে ফেলেছিল উন্মত্ত হিন্দু জনতা। এ ঘটনার পর ভারতে যে সাম্প্রদায়িক দাঙ্গা ছড়িয়ে পড়ে তাতে নিহত হয় প্রায় দুহাজার মানুষ। বাবরি মসজিদ ভাঙ্গার প্রস্তুতি চলছিল আগে থেকেই এবং ঘটনার আগের দিন একদল হিন্দু স্বেচ্ছাসেবক এটির 'ড্রেস রিহার্সেল' দিয়েছিল। আলোকচিত্র সাংবাদিক প্রভীন জৈন ছবি তোলার জন্য এই হিন্দু স্বেচ্ছাসেবকদের অনুসরণ করছিলেন। সেদিনের ঘটনার অনেক ছবিও তুলেছেন তিনি। প্রভীন জৈন বিবিসির কাছে বর্ণনা করেছেন সেদিনের ঘটনাবলী:

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Jack GoodmanBBC Reality Check We've looked at some of the most widely-shared examples. 1. False eligibility claims Echoing unfounded claims he made about President Barack Obama's birthplace, known as "birther" theories, President Donald Trump has referenced the conspiracy theory that Ms Harris is ineligible to serve as vice-president. However, Ms Harris was born in the United States, to a Jamaican father and Indian mother, in Oakland, California. Anyone born in the US is a US citizen and therefore, she is eligible to serve as president or vice-president. In the past seven days there was a surge in the number of people around the world searching for "Kamala Harris birther" and other terms regarding her birthplace, according to Google Trends. These claims about the former California attorney-general have been on the internet since 2017, according to liberal media monitoring body Media Matters for America. They have also been pushed on social media by supporters of the QAnon conspiracy theory, whose followers believe the baseless claim that Mr Trump is secretly investigating paedophiles within the government, business and media elites. 2. Misleading heritage claims Further claims about Ms Harris's heritage have emerged on right-leaning social media accounts. Among them is an accusation that until accepting the vice-presidential nomination, she had not identified as a black American woman. This is inaccurate because Ms Harris has been explicit about her dual heritage. She wrote in her autobiography: "My mother understood very well that she was raising two black daughters. "She knew that her adopted homeland would see Maya [her sister] and me as black girls, and she was determined to make sure we would grow into confident, proud black women." According to the Washington Post: "Harris grew up embracing her Indian culture, but living a proudly African-American life." An image shared thousands of times across Facebook and Twitter has screen grabs of two Associated Press (AP) news agency headlines, one from 2016, when Ms Harris became the first US senator of Indian heritage, and a recent headline after she was named as America's first black female presidential running mate. It suggests the media only started to describe Ms Harris as a black woman after she was appointed Joe Biden's running mate - or that Ms Harris had only identified herself by her Indian roots until now. As we've shown already, this is not correct. And AP's coverage of Ms Harris's entry into the Senate in 2016 referred to her both as Indian American and a black woman. 3.'Pizzagate' conspiracy targets Harris Next, a revival of the false "pizzagate" conspiracy theory that has been linked to Ms Harris. Just to recap, during the 2016 presidential election thousands of people were convinced - with no evidence - that a paedophile ring organised by Hillary Clinton and senior members of the Democratic Party was being run from the basement of a pizza restaurant in Washington DC. This time, it resurfaced after emails were shared on social media indicating that Maya Harris, Kamala's sister, had apparently been invited to a pizza party in honour of Mrs Clinton. Facebook and Twitter accounts promoting the QAnon conspiracy spread these rumours, and, a New York Times analysis found what they described as a falsehood had reached more than 600,000 people on Facebook the day after Kamala Harris was nominated. There is not a shred of evidence to support the bogus conspiracy theory, but people on the far right continue to associate public figures with it. 4. Claims linking George Soros to Harris Finally, the decision to appoint Ms Harris has also attracted baseless theories concerning George Soros, the Hungarian billionaire philanthropist. A meme shared thousands of times on Facebook suggests that he gave the order to nominate Ms Harris, with an old photo of Mr Biden with President Obama. Mr Soros is a major donor to the Democratic Party, but the notion that he would have the authority to decide the vice-presidential candidate is without evidence. His son posted a message on Twitter congratulating Ms Harris, which has been shared by right-wing accounts, but that in no way indicates that Mr Soros had anything to do with the selection of Ms Harris. Claims that Mr Soros is secretly controlling global events recall longstanding anti-Semitic tropes that are made against him by the far right, and he has been vilified in countries across the world for years. Additional reporting by Olga Robinson. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

আমেরিকার নির্বাচনে ডেমোক্রেটিক পার্টির প্রেসিডেন্ট প্রার্থী জো বাইডেনের রানিং মেট বা দলের ভাইস-প্রেসিডেন্ট প্রার্থী হিসাবে কমালা হ্যারিসের মনোনয়নের পর থেকেই অনলাইন উত্তাল হয়ে উঠেছে তাকে নিয়ে নানা ষড়যন্ত্র তত্ত্ব এবং ভুয়া দাবি ছড়ানোয়।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

In 2005, when my eldest daughter was born, I became the first lesbian parent I had ever met. This was the American Midwest, and the only lesbians I'd heard about with children had usually given birth to them in a previous, heterosexual relationship. My girlfriend and I, however, had had to start from scratch. Ever since we'd met we had dreamed about having kids together. We decided on four and together we chose their names. The next step was more difficult. My girlfriend suggested her brother-in-law could help. He was receptive, but I took a gay and lesbian legal rights course offered by the college of law at my university, and quickly gave up on the idea of a known donor. Courts had been known to give them custody rights, calling their gift of sperm an act of parenting. When birth moms died, children were removed from their homes to be placed with men they barely knew. Luckily, we discovered a sperm bank that shipped right to our home, where the anonymous donors signed paperwork that legally barred them from ever seeking custody of the children they helped create. Because I was writing a doctoral dissertation at home, I would carry the first baby. We matched the donor to my partner - who was by now my wife - choosing someone of average height and weight who had studied literature, had wavy brown hair, and liked sports. The donor listed his profession as a writer, musician, and taxi driver. My wife and I romantically imagined he was refusing to get a desk job, but instead collecting the stories of those he'd pick up in his cab, readying to write the Great American Novel. Find out more Jessica Share spoke to Outlook on the BBC World Service You can listen again here There was little additional information on the donor, but the rudimentary health history that donors complete assured us we knew a lot more than we would have ever gotten from a casual boyfriend. We never saw a picture. Getting pregnant at home was fascinating - a home science experiment that I took seriously. Sperm supplied to buyers rarely tops half a lip-balm cap of liquid and it comes nestled in a 3ft-tall liquid nitrogen tank with an overnight shipping return label. Gloves are required for extricating the tiny plastic vial, which first sits on the counter and then warms to body temperature in the hand. The local pharmacist can supply a tiny syringe to use to inseminate. Because things that have been frozen aren't as robust as their fresh counterparts, revived sperm live just a single day. If an egg is not waiting for them, they will die. Getting every last sperm as close to the egg as possible became a solemn monthly ritual. I would inseminate twice, just to cover the entire possible window an egg might be waiting. After all, it takes five full hours to even swim the length of a uterus. I learned this, along with every fact I could related to using donor semen to conceive. Seven months later I was pregnant with our first child and my wife and I were overjoyed. I told my grandparents that we were expecting. My grandmother gasped, "Oh, it's due in June!" and my grandfather asked curiously about artificial insemination. We gave hardly a thought to the donor that we assumed we would never meet. My wife was particularly hostile to the idea of ever letting our children know him - she felt that love made a family, and I agreed. But we paid homage to his literary genes by reading thousands of books to our gestating bookworm. When Alice was born, she was perfect. All thoughts that the particularity of the DNA wasn't important went out the window. We agreed that we should clone this incredible being we had created with our love. We ordered sperm from the same donor and repeated the whole process, my wife giving birth to our second daughter when Alice was 18 months old. Both girls shared plenty of traits. Knowing how my wife and I looked as children, it became a fun pastime to pick out the characteristics only the girls shared: they were both extraordinarily tall, not average height, as the donor claimed to be. Both had long, thin mouths, small noses, electric eyes that look like emeralds under water, and impeccable vocabularies. But when the girls were one and three years old, my wife declared she was ending our relationship. There had been no conflict in our family, so I was shocked and heartbroken. She said she did not want to talk about it and there was nothing I could do to repair our marriage. I continued parenting the sisters five days a week for a few years. But when Alice was 10, my ex-partner blocked Alice on her phone, cut off all contact with her, and refused to return her younger sister following a vacation. This remains the case today. On my ex-wife's side of the family, Alice's grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins haven't so much sent her a birthday greeting in two years. Alice spends her days dreaming of the sister she was raised with and who she is afraid she will never see again. Alice knows more deeply than most children that family is neither genetically created nor forged through parenting alone. Parenting did not make her mama stay. And although genetics was a small piece of what her family looked like for a decade, that also seemed like an unimportant part of who she was. However, Alice wondered where her ancestors came from. My mother had often told stories about the family's Cornish heritage to anyone who would listen. Wanting to know what her genetic heritage was, Alice requested a DNA testing kit from her grandmother for Christmas when she was 11 years old. The results came back about eight weeks later. I clicked on the DNA Relatives section of the site, not thinking anything would come of it. But the first thing I read was, "Aaron Long: 50%. Father." "Bryce Gallo: 25%. Half-brother" was right behind. Of course, I had known this might happen, but it hadn't seemed likely. Before writing a note on the site, I searched for Aaron online to see what I could learn. There are a lot of Aaron Longs in the world, so I set to work finding "the one." I searched a professional social network for clues. Squinting at each Aaron Long, I wondered if I would recognise the donor right away. One of the sperm vials listed the date of donation (1994), which helped narrow down birth and college graduation years. There was just one man with a master's degree in literature in the correct age range, with the name Aaron Long. In his photo, he was wearing an olive-green silk turban and blowing a trombone. His profile said he was employed as a "communications specialist" and placed him in Seattle. A writer and a musician. On another social media site, I discovered a Seattleite named Aaron Long with the correct workplace and with photos of each of his school portraits through the years. There was no doubt. My daughters make that stupid face. I quickly wrote a message to him on the DNA testing site. It read: Hi Aaron, I actually have two daughters who'd match you (my ex has my youngest daughter; she's not on the DNA testing site). If you're interested in trading family photos, etc., we're available. I used the "curiosity hook," thinking he'd have to write back to see pictures of my youngest daughter. Aaron wrote back immediately, sharing details I already knew from my sleuthing. He asked if I had any questions for him, and I asked if he was the shortest person in his family. I already knew the answer. He was. We agreed to become friends on a social networking site and Aaron sent a 50-page long life history, which I devoured. He'd spent several years in a band in the town where we lived. How many times had we walked past him in the supermarket, I wondered? I also wrote to Bryce, who had just graduated college. He told me he found Madi, a 19-year-old half-sister, and had also been in touch with other parents. He said there were a total of six children from Aaron, and that mine were #7 and #8. Bryce told me he had been raised with a little sister, but perhaps Madi, an only child, would be interested in developing a relationship with Alice? Alice had to be cajoled into writing her life story for Aaron, and getting to know her DNA relatives is only mildly exciting for her. She is grieving the loss of her sister. I try to tell her she has a special job of guarding these people, getting to know them, and keeping them for her sister when she is able to meet them. However, she would rather have her sister. A few months later, Bryce and Madi made plans to visit Aaron in Seattle. Alice was interested to see whether the siblings and Aaron resembled her. I agreed to let her take part. Aaron hosted a party to which he invited multiple housemates, friends from elementary school, high school, and college. All of his ex-girlfriends, and their new partners and children, were invited. They would all camp on the roof and celebrate meeting his biological children. I quickly learned that Aaron does not have a single friend he wouldn't welcome back into his fold. We visited the local sculpture garden, played a "nature or nurture" game that illuminated some shocking similarities, and took a road trip to an arts festival. In spite of Bryce's initial protests, he and Madi vied for Alice's affection. During the vacation when they met, all three went out to grab dinner. Alice came back with ice cream from one and pizza from the other. Later, Bryce mailed her a star of David. Madi sent an amethyst. Both are symbols of the different things she has in common with each. I had been dating a man for a few years who is also named Aaron David, with a similar last name. On our vacation, donor Aaron flirtatiously suggested there had been a mix-up at the Bureau of Boyfriends. I smiled and demurred. I was already in a relationship and was conscious that donor Aaron was an important person to my kids, but not someone who should necessarily be part of my own life. I didn't want to spoil it for them. When my relationship with old Aaron ended, I found myself wondering if my children's person could also be my person, and if Seattle was a place for us to land while we figured it out. Aaron's kindness and continued connection with his exes convinced me that it would be safe to give it a chance. One night, we walked the neighbourhood and sat in a local cemetery, talking about DNA, what the kids were like, and what our dreams were. When heterosexual people meet and date and get married, they often look with devotion at one another and think it would be wonderful to have little people who look like both of them. I'd already spent a decade with those little people. I spent my first date with Aaron relaying their lives to him. I already knew him and knew he was just like these people I love more than anyone else in the world. He was already family in some ways. His smirk and his colouring are those of my youngest daughter. His empathy and socialism? My eldest. It's hard to tell if DNA played a role in our relationship. I know that I am attracted to Aaron for all the reasons that seemed wonderful when shopping for him in a sperm donor catalogue years ago. He is thoughtful, persistent, and academically-minded. He is enchanted by words. He is empathetic, versed in stories about people and the strange things they sometimes do. He doesn't much care what's expected of him. He often plays his own music. To his own drum. Sometimes in a turban. How many people think a cab-driving musician and writer is the ideal genetic material? Alice and I moved into Aaron's co-op in summer 2017. It's such a large building that there was plenty of room for another of Aaron's bio-kids to move in. Madi, originally from the east coast, found Aaron's (and Seattle's) right-brained left-wing personality endearing and moved out this spring to live with all of us. We've even joined a Girl Scout troop with another of Aaron's bio-kids who is the age of my youngest daughter and lives about an hour away. I quickly discovered that as a mom, I would gladly take any of our new half-siblings right inside, make them lunch, do their laundry, and take care of them forever. They are the siblings of my children, the genetic aunts and uncles of my grandchildren. I don't parent them, but I feel inexplicably drawn toward feeding them. Some are the spitting image of Alice. Others resemble my youngest daughter. They don't all look like Aaron, but they undeniably resemble one another. Aaron's ageing mom has also moved in, along with her cat, Bill. Down the hall, Alice and I got a kitten. By making a family in all these new ways through the years, I've learned more about what family means than anyone would want to. DNA has become far more important than it was when I first picked a donor from a page. Yet it hasn't replaced the truism that families are built on love, not genes. Being open to that love is what ultimately makes a family. Everyone can be welcomed and stay in the fold. There is room for many different kinds of relationships. Who knows how many more of Aaron's bio-kids there are - he's estimated there could be as many as 67. The building may eventually cease to accommodate all of them, but I've got the sandwiches, and the door's open. All stills provided by Jessica Share. Film-makers Matt Isaac and Craig Downing are making a documentary about Aaron Long and his biological children, called Forty Dollars a Pop. Watch the trailer here. Aaron Long wrote about how he met Jessica for the New York Times. Read his side of the story here. You may also be interested in: Thirty-something Jessica was eager to get pregnant. A series of relationships had failed so she tried a radically new approach - she posted an advert online. The outcome turned out to be far better than she had hoped. I advertised for a man to get me pregnant - then I fell in love Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.

যখন একটি সন্তানের আশায় শুক্রাণু ব্যাংক থেকে শুক্রাণু কিনেছিলেন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের বাসিন্দা জেসিকা শায়ার, তখন তিনি কল্পনাও করেননি যে এক যুগ পরে সেই সন্তানের বাবার সঙ্গে তার পরিচয় হবে এবং শুরু হবে নতুন এক জীবনের।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Secunder KermaniBBC News The danger appeared to increase in June, when doctors in major cities reported that their hospitals were overwhelmed with patients. Intensive care units in the largest hospitals filled up, and families were forced to shuttle relatives around in the search for a bed. But just a few weeks later, hospital admissions appeared to fall drastically. Many doctors were initially sceptical, wondering if conspiracy theories about patients being "poisoned" by medics had led to a rise in families "self-treating" at home. But the decrease has been sustained. Now, life in Pakistan is getting largely back to normal, and the last vestiges of partial lockdown restrictions are being lifted. Restaurants have reopened. Only schools and universities, along with marriage halls, remain shut until next month. With around 6,000 coronavirus deaths in a population of approximately 230 million people, Pakistan appears to have fared far better than most Western countries. The UK, for example, has recorded more than 41,000 deaths in a population of around 67 million. Cities in neighbouring India, such as Delhi and Mumbai, seem to have been worse affected. And Pakistan's apparent success seems to come in spite of Prime Minister Imran Khan's repeated opposition to lockdown measures, which he warned would lead to "starvation" in the country. The question is, can the data from Pakistan be trusted? Testing has been relatively low, and numbers are in fact decreasing. There are certainly many more coronavirus cases than the roughly 290,000 officially recorded, but the recorded drop in infections is substantiated by the fact that the proportion of tests that come back as positive has also been decreasing, as have hospital admissions. Data obtained by the BBC from officials in the country's two largest cities, Karachi and Lahore, show that there was a significant rise in graveyard burials in June that can't be explained by coronavirus deaths alone. For example, in Miani Sahib graveyard, the largest in Lahore, in June 2020 there were 1,176 burials this June, compared to 696 in June last year. Only 48 of the burials this June were of officially recorded coronavirus patients. The rise is likely to be a combination of undetected coronavirus deaths, and patients suffering from other illnesses not getting treatment as hospitals were under such pressure. Similarly, in Karachi, June 2020 saw significantly more burials than at any other time during the past two years. However, in both cities burial figures appear to be returning to more normal rates. Even if some of the "excess deaths" are assumed to be the result of coronavirus, by international standards the mortality rate in Pakistan appears to be relatively low, though not quite as low as official data would suggest. For leading Pakistani epidemiologist Dr Rana Jawad Asghar, the principal reason for this is Pakistan's young population. The average age in Pakistan is 22 years, compared to about 41 in the UK. The vast majority of deaths globally from the coronavirus have been of elderly patients. Dr Asghar told the BBC that less than 4% of Pakistan's population is aged 65 and above, whereas in more developed countries the proportion is around 20-25%. "That is why we haven't seen that many deaths in Pakistan," he said. Another factor, Dr Asghar said, was that social circles in developing world countries are smaller than the West. "Once a virus has run out of those social circles which are intermixing, it basically dies down," he said. As yet, theories that hotter climates, or prior exposure to other diseases, have contributed to coronavirus being less deadly remain unproven. In Pakistan, the decrease in coronavirus cases began around the same time the government began implementing "smart" or targeted lockdowns, in areas where localised outbreaks had occurred. But residents reported that these lockdowns were not particularly strict, nor the compliance with them. Dr Mishal Khan, a social epidemiologist from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, told the BBC that there were signs of "greater awareness" in Pakistani society, but added, "that isn't likely to be the whole picture". While differences in population demographics and social behaviour patterns might explain why Pakistan has fared better than the West, it's less clear why the situation hasn't been more similar to that across the border in India. There, although the number of deaths per million across the country is comparable to the rate in Pakistan, hospitals have come under even greater pressure and cases are continuing to rise. One theory is that there are more large, densely populated cities in India. Professor K Srinath Reddy, of the Public Health Foundation of India, noted that infections had levelled off in both Mumbai and Delhi, but were increasing in other parts of the country. Dr Asghar warned that it was too early to make comprehensive comparisons, given concerns about mortality data. In Pakistan, the dangers of a new surge in cases still exist. According to a study in the country's worst affected city, Karachi, in July by pharmaceutical company Getz Pharma, around 17.5% of the population is estimated to have been exposed to coronavirus. That means significant swathes could still contract it. With large numbers of domestic tourists leaving Pakistan's major cities, heading for rural areas, following the lifting of restrictions, there are particular concerns the virus could spread to less developed areas, where there is even less healthcare and surveillance. Dr Asghar told the BBC that tracking systems needed to be improved in order to detect new spikes in cases. The fact that Pakistan had so far done better than feared "does not mean we are out of danger", he said.

দুর্বল স্বাস্থ্য ব্যবস্থা, বিশাল জনসংখ্যা এবং ঘন বসতিপূর্ণ দরিদ্র এলাকা - করোনাভাইরাস মহামারি শুরুর থেকেই আশঙ্কা করা হচ্ছিল পাকিস্তান বিপদে পড়তে যাচ্ছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Voting for the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) is mandatory and there's no choice of candidates. Any kind of dissent is unheard of. Turnout is always close to 100% and approval for the governing alliance is unanimous. North Korea is an isolated state, ruled by the Kim family dynasty. Citizens are required to show complete devotion to the family and its current leader. So how does it work? On election day, the entire population aged 17 or older must come out and vote. "As a sign of loyalty you're expected to turn up early, that means there'll likely be long queues," says North Korea analyst Fyodor Tertitskiy, who is based in the South Korean capital Seoul. Once it's your turn, you receive a ballot paper with just one name on it. There's nothing to fill in, no boxes to tick. You take that paper and put it into the ballot box, which is located in the open. There's also a voting booth where you could vote in private, but doing that would raise immediate suspicion, analysts say. You theoretically have the right to cross out that single candidate. But, according to Mr Tertitskiy, doing that would almost certainly mean the secret police go after you and you likely would be declared insane. Once you leave the polling station, you are expected to join the cheering groups outside to express your happiness about having been able to cast your vote for the wise leadership of the country. "In state media, election days are portrayed as festive events, with people outside each polling station celebrating," explains Minyoung Lee, an analyst with NK News - a North Korea specialist news website. Because voting is obligatory, the election also works as a census for authorities to monitor the population of each constituency and to track defectors who might have fled to China. What powers does parliament have? The Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) is a rubber-stamp body with no power. Elected every five years, the parliament is the only legislative body North Korea has. "I know that international media often hedge their reporting a bit, saying the SPA has 'little' power or influence - but that's not correct. It has zero," said Mr Tertitskiy. Laws are in fact written by the party apparatus and then merely approved by the SPA as a formality. That's a far cry from the far-reaching powers that, in theory, it does have. A two-thirds majority would be enough to change the constitution and a mere simple majority could remove Kim Jong-un from power. In fact, the SPA doesn't even meet regularly. In its first meeting, it elects a much smaller body to work in its stead and then the original assembly only comes together on rare occasions. Are there different parties? You might assume there's only one single party, but surprisingly, there are actually three different factions in parliament. The Workers Party, of which Kim Jong-un is the chairman, is by far the biggest but a few seats are usually held by two other parties, the Social Democratic party and the Chondoist Chongu party. In practice, there is no difference between the three parties and they're all grouped together in the Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea. What result is expected? The result is not much of a nail biter, but it will take a few days before the final numbers are announced. First, there's usually an announcement of the impressive turnout. In 2014, that number stood at 99.97%. A few people might not have voted due to illness - though a running joke is that on election day no one dies and everyone is in good health. The next step is that the numbers of Kim Jong-un's constituency are released, both turnout and political support are usually 100%. Finally, the results for the other constituencies will be released. While turnout might be a few percentage points lower, political support for the candidate in each constituency is again bound to be 100%, if previous years are any indication.

উত্তর কোরিয়ার ভোটাররা রোববার সে দেশের ক্ষমতাহীন রাবার স্ট্যাম্প সংসদ নির্বাচনে ভোট দিয়েছেন। প্রেসিডেন্ট কিম জং-আন ক্ষমতা গ্রহণের পর সে দেশে দ্বিতীয়বার এই নির্বাচন হলো।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The man from Kumasi used his blackboard to meticulously draw a diagram of the popular Microsoft Word program. "Teaching of ICT in Ghana's school is very funny," he said in a Facebook post alongside the photos. After the images were shared thousands of times online, Microsoft promised to send him new computer equipment. In his Facebook message, Owura Kwadwo - a nickname for the man Quartz Africa identified as Richard Appiah Akoto - wrote: "I love my students so have to do what will make them understand what [I] am teaching." Quartz said Mr Akoto's school had not had any computers since 2011, despite the requirement for teenagers to pass an information and communications technology (ICT) exam as part of their progression to high school. Many expressed admiration for his dedication when his mid-February post spread on social media. "This is not my first time [of drawing] it. I have been doing it anytime I am in the classroom," Mr Akoto told Quartz. "I like posting pictures on Facebook so I just felt like [sharing it]. I didn't know it would get the attention of people like that," he said. You may also be interested in: On Sunday, entrepreneur Rebecca Enonchong tweeted to Microsoft Africa, highlighting that he was teaching the use of their product without actually having access to it. "Surely you can get him some proper resources," she suggested. On Tuesday, the software giant pledged to send Mr Akoto a computer and give him access to its education material.

ঘানার একজন শিক্ষক কোন কম্পিউটার ছাড়াই কম্পিউটার প্রযুক্তির ক্লাস নেন, এই খবরটি প্রকাশিত হওয়ার পর তা অনলাইনে ভাইরাল হয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The pair planted the sapling, taken from the site of a World War One battle in north-east France, last week. Mr Macron said the tree would be a reminder of "these ties that bind us". But a Reuters photographer on Saturday took a shot of only a yellow patch of grass where the tree once stood. The French ambassador to the US later tweeted the sapling was in quarantine. The tree, a European sessile oak, came from the site of the Battle of Belleau Wood, which took place in the summer of 1918. Nearly 2,000 US soldiers died in the battle north-east of Paris. Yet only four days after it was planted, the sapling has disappeared. With no official reason given for the sapling mystery, speculation began online about the tree's fate. French radio network Franceinfo quotes gardening site gerbaud.com, which says this type of oak is better planted in autumn, giving it time to grow deep roots "to face the drought of the following summer". "The tree may be back in October," Franceinfo speculates. Later, French Ambassador Gerard Araud said the sapling had been placed in quarantine. Mr Araud also sought to placate concerns about the tree having been planted at all. The roots, he explained, had been wrapped in plastic. The US Customs and Border Protection website explains that foreign plants "intended for growing (propagative) require a foreign phytosanitary certificate in advance" before being brought into the country. President Macron's gift quickly became an internet sensation, with a photo of the two men shovelling earth onto the sapling quickly turning into a meme.

ফরাসী প্রেসিডেন্ট ইমানুয়েল ম্যাক্রোঁ গত সপ্তাহে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র সফরের সময় প্রেসিডেন্ট ট্রাম্পের জন্যে একটি উপহার নিয়ে গিয়েছিলেন। সেই উপহারটি ছিল একটি গাছের চারা। তারপর সেটি লাগানো হয়েছিল হোয়াইট হাউজের লনে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Perpetrators film or photograph women with hidden cameras in public spaces. Although distributing pornography is illegal in South Korea, the videos and pictures are shared widely online. Organisers say women live in constant fear of being photographed or filmed without their knowledge. Carrying placards and banners with messages like "My life is not your porn", the women were mostly teenagers or in their 20s - seen as the main victims of the hidden cameras. "Those men who film such videos! Those who upload them! Those who watch them! All of them should be punished sternly!" they chanted. The women covered their faces with masks, hats and sunglasses as instructed by the organisers. Demonstrators said around 55,000 women took part, although police put the figure at around 20,000. The recent protests began after police arrested a 25-year-old woman in May for secretly photographing a male colleague who posed nude for university art students. She then shared the picture online. Demonstrators believe police only acted so swiftly because it was a female perpetrator, and pointed to instances of police closing cases with female victims because they could not find the photographers or track them online, because they posted on foreign servers. While the law mandates a maximum five-year prison term or 10 million won ($8,970; £6,770) fine for creating sexual images, and a maximum seven year sentence and 30 million won ($26,900; £20,200) fine for distributing them for profit, protesters say many receive far lighter punishments. South Korea has struggled to contain a rise in the crime in recent years. The number of hidden camera crimes rose from 1,100 in 2010 to more than 6,500 in 2017. Since 2004, the country has mandated that all smart phones should make loud shutter noises when they take a photo or video to make people aware of their use. But apps can be used to silence the noise, and perpetrators are also using miniature cameras hidden in walls, bags, shoes or toilets. President Moon Jae-in said the crime had become "part of daily life". Last week he reportedly told a cabinet meeting that offenders should "suffer greater damage than the damage they inflict", urging officials to look for stronger punishments such as notifying employers of any perpetrators on staff.

স্পাইক্যাম বা গোপন ক্যামেরায় মেয়েদের ছবি এবং ভিডিও তোলার বিরুদ্ধে দক্ষিণ কোরিয়ায় ব্যাপক বিক্ষোভ শুরু হয়েছে। শনিবার রাজধানী সওলে এর বিরুদ্ধে দেশটির ইতিহাসের সবচেয়ে বড় নারী বিক্ষোভ হয়েছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Jack GoodmanBBC Reality Check We've examined some of the most widely seen examples. Fake face mask exemption cards People opposed to the wearing of masks to tackle the spread of Covid-19 have been vocal in public meetings and on social media. Footage of individuals resisting requirements to wear them in shops have gone viral online. Now, the US Justice Department has put out a statement about "fraudulent cards" that purport to give the carrier an exemption from wearing a face mask in public. The cards for sale state that "under the Americans with Disability Act (ADA), I am not required to disclose my condition to you". One version includes a Justice Department seal and a link to the "Freedom to Breathe Agency". The cards warn that businesses could be reported to this so-called agency. But the cards are not genuine. An official government statement said: "These cards do not carry the force of law. The 'Freedom to Breathe Agency,' or FTBA,' is not a government agency." According to fact-checkers Snopes, the Freedom to Breathe Agency is a Facebook group calling itself a "movement of proud American citizens who are dedicated to protecting their freedom and liberty". No evidence masks harm the immune system Meanwhile, medical misinformation about masks continues to circulate. One graphic shared thousands of times includes several misleading claims. It's called, What happens when you wear a face mask, and has been marked as containing false information on Instagram. The World Health Organization is clear in its advice - face masks of a breathable material which are worn properly will not lead to health problems. It says: "The prolonged use of medical masks when properly worn, does not cause CO2 intoxication nor oxygen deficiency." The post claims the masks could suppress the body's immune system, though there is no evidence to back this up. "Masks may stop germs getting into your mouth or nose, so your immune system doesn't have to kick in, but this doesn't mean it is being suppressed," says Keith Neal, an infectious disease expert. How do you fact-check information you see online? Misleading news about the coronavirus seems to be everywhere. There's still a lot we don't know about the pandemic, which helps misinformation to thrive. Throw a lot of unfamiliar science or statistics into the mix and it can be difficult to know what to believe. Plenty of posts appear authoritative so it's always wise to check if something you read on social media has been reported by an organisation you can trust. The BBC has tips you can follow to help spot misinformation and stop it from spreading. It was shared by various accounts including one claiming to be a "Natural Medicine Database" with 70,000 followers and a version translated into Russian (not labelled false) by an account promoting a range of conspiracy theories. Much of the the anti-mask content comes in the form of memes making fun of them, which are widely shared on social media. One viral example compares the hazmat-style clothing worn by virologists working in a lab to protect against viruses with the face coverings that members of the public might be making at home. "Don't worry, your bandana works too," it says. The earliest version appeared on a Q-Anon - a pro-Trump conspiracy theory - account and has also been posted by Donald Trump Jr generating more than 100,000 likes and shares. But the US Centers for Disease Control does actually recommend bandanas and other cloth face coverings which can help stop the spread of the virus in a public setting. 'Doctor's confession' video A video titled, A doctor's confession, suggesting coronavirus cases are being inflated has been viewed 1.5m times on TikTok, the video-sharing platform. It's claimed the reason coronavirus case numbers are so high is because anyone who walks into hospital - be it with a broken leg or bullet wound - is "written up as Covid positive". The man in the video is Darrell Wolfe who's based in Canada. He says he works in "natural medicine". The clip was originally uploaded to Facebook (where it has had 265,000 views) and describes the situation in a local hospital which he claims comes "straight from a doctor". It's not clear which hospital he's referring to. We asked for more details, but have had no response. The clip posted by a TikTok account did not name the person speaking. Many of the thousands of people who've commented clearly believe he's describing the situation in the US. But there's no evidence we've seen to support this claim about counting coronavirus cases - whether applied to the US or Canada. There are clear criteria for reporting coronavirus cases in both countries, and people who enter hospital with an unrelated illness or injury aren't counted as a coronavirus case. Unfounded 'deep state' theories A video viewed 750,000 times on YouTube calls the pandemic a "mass media disinformation campaign" and a "political hoax". It contains various unsubstantiated claims blaming the "deep state" for manufacturing the pandemic in an election year. The opening credits have a foreboding air, using World War Two footage and images of stormy skies in a homemade attempt at a Netflix documentary. The description of the video urges people to "ditch the masks". The narrator suggests Democratic politicians intentionally put the public in harm's way to increase the number of coronavirus fatalities and to stoke fear around the pandemic. Additional reporting by Jake Horton, Olga Robinson and Shayan Sardarizadeh. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

আমেরিকার অনেক রাজ্যে করোনাভাইরাসের সংক্রমণ যখন দ্রুত ঊর্ধ্বমুখী, তখন মাস্ক পরা নিয়ে সামাজিক মাধ্যম ছেয়ে গেছে বিভ্রান্তিমূলক নানা পোস্ট ও ভিডিওতে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

"If they don't shape up, I would withdraw from the WTO," Mr Trump said in an interview with Bloomberg News. The WTO was established to provide rules for global trade and resolve disputes between countries. Mr Trump says the body too often rules against the US, although he concedes it has won some recent judgments. He claimed on Fox News earlier this year that the WTO was set up "to benefit everybody but us", adding: "We lose the lawsuits, almost all of the lawsuits in the WTO." However, some analysis shows the US wins about 90% when it is the complainant and loses about the same percentage when it is complained against. Mr Trump's warning about a possible US pull-out from the WTO highlights the conflict between his protectionist trade policies and the open trade system that the WTO oversees. Washington has recently blocked the appointment of new judges to the WTO's Geneva-based dispute settlement body, which could potentially paralyse its ability to issue judgments. US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer has also accused the WTO of interfering with US sovereignty. It comes as President Trump set a Friday deadline for Canada to sign a new agreement with the US and Mexico. He has threatened to tax the country's automotive sector or cut it out entirely. What's Trump's issue with the WTO? The US president has been sounding off about unfair trade since even before he became president. Mr Trump said on Thursday that the 1994 agreement to establish the WTO "was the single worst trade deal ever made". The US has been embroiled in a tit-for-tat trade battle on several fronts in recent months. The one creating the most interest is with China, as the world's two largest economies wrangle for global influence. Mr Trump has introduced tariffs on a number of goods imported into the US. A third round of tariffs on $200bn (£154bn) of Chinese goods could come as soon as a public-comment period concludes next week, according to a Bloomberg report citing various sources. Asked to confirm this during the Bloomberg interview, President Trump said that it was "not totally wrong". China has responded to US tariffs by imposing retaliatory taxes on the same value of US products and has filed complaints against the tariffs at the WTO. China's commerce ministry has said it "clearly suspects" the US of violating WTO rules. An initial complaint at the WTO was filed by China in July after Mr Trump imposed his first round of tariffs. The WTO is at the heart of the system of rules for international trade. It is the forum for sorting disputes between countries about breaches of global trade rules and for negotiating new trade liberalisation. The EU, meanwhile, is trying to steer the US towards reforming the WTO rather than abandoning it. Bernd Lange, chair of the European Parliament's trade committee, told Politico magazine that it would submit plans to overhaul the organisation in September. He said it would test whether the US was really interested in reform. "This is certainly about calling [America's] bluff," he said. What about other trade deals? Mr Trump has not been a fan of multilateral trade agreements. In a 2016 presidential debate with Democratic rival Hillary Clinton, Mr Trump described the North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta) with Mexico and Canada as "the worst trade deal maybe ever signed anywhere" and a "killer" of US jobs. Once in office he said he wanted to renegotiate - not scrap - the accord, triggering a year of talks. On Monday, Mr Trump announced that the US and Mexico had agreed to revamp Nafta, calling it a "really good deal" that was "much more fair" for both countries. Canada is yet to agree to the new terms. On Thursday, Mr Lighthizer held talks in Washington with Canadian Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland aimed at reaching a new deal. Following four separate meetings, which continued late into the night, Ms Freeland told reporters that a deal could not be reached, adding that talks would resume on Friday. Also during his election campaign Mr Trump railed against the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a 12-nation trade deal that was a linchpin of former President Barack Obama's Asia policy. Mr Trump said the deal was a "potential disaster for our country". One of his first acts as president was to withdraw the US from the TTP, although he has since said he might consider rejoining if the terms were "substantially better".

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের বিষয়ে নিজেদের নীতি পরিবর্তন না করলে বিশ্ব বাণিজ্য সংস্থা (ওয়ার্ল্ড ট্রেড অর্গানাইজেশন) থেকে বেরিয়ে যাওয়ার হুমকি দিয়েছেন মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The report released by the Biden administration says the prince approved a plan to either "capture or kill" Khashoggi. The US announced sanctions on dozens of Saudis but not the prince himself. Saudi Arabia rejected the report, calling it "negative, false and unacceptable". Crown Prince Mohammed, who is effectively the kingdom's ruler, has denied any role in the murder. Khashoggi was killed while visiting the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, Turkey, and his body cut up. The 59-year-old journalist had once been an adviser to the Saudi government and close to the royal family but he fell out of favour and went into self-imposed exile in the US in 2017. From there, he wrote a monthly column in the Washington Post in which he criticised the policies of Prince Mohammed. What does the report find? "We assess that Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman approved an operation in Istanbul to capture or kill Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi," the report by the office of the US director of national intelligence says. The crown prince is the son of Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud and is considered to be the effective ruler of the kingdom. The intelligence report lists three reasons for believing that the crown prince must have approved the operation: The report goes on to name individuals allegedly complicit in, or responsible for, Khashoggi's death. But it says "we do not know how far in advance" those involved planned to harm him. Saudi authorities have blamed the killing on a "rogue operation" by a team of agents sent to return the journalist to the kingdom, and a Saudi court tried and sentenced five individuals to 20 years in prison last September, after initially sentencing them to death. In 2019, UN special rapporteur Agnes Callamard accused the Saudi state of the "deliberate, premeditated execution" of Khashoggi and dismissed the Saudi trial as an "antithesis of justice". What does this mean for US-Saudi relations? Shortly after the report was released, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced the travel restrictions, dubbed the "Khashoggi Ban". Those targeted are "believed to have been directly engaged in serious, extraterritorial counter-dissident activities", he said. "Perpetrators targeting perceived dissidents on behalf of any foreign government should not be permitted to reach American soil," he warned. In addition, the treasury department sanctioned some of those around the crown prince: one of his close aides, former deputy intelligence chief Ahmad Asiri, as well as his personal protective force, which was involved in the killing. As far back as 2018, the CIA reportedly believed that the crown prince had ordered the murder but the allegation that he was involved has never been made publicly by US officials until now. Saudi Arabia, the world's biggest oil exporter, is a key American ally in the Middle East. US President Joe Biden is expected to take a firmer line than his predecessor Donald Trump on human rights and the rule of law in Saudi Arabia. In a phone call on Thursday with King Salman, the president "affirmed the importance the United States places on universal human rights and the rule of law", the White House said. According to sources quoted by Reuters news agency, the Biden administration is also considering the cancellation of arms deals with Saudi Arabia that pose human rights concerns as well as the limiting of future military sales to "defensive" weapons. Dismissing the US report, the Saudi foreign ministry insisted that those responsible for the crime had been properly investigated and justice had been served. "It is truly unfortunate that this report, with its unjustified and inaccurate conclusions, is issued while the Kingdom had clearly denounced this heinous crime, and the Kingdom's leadership took the necessary steps to ensure that such a tragedy never takes place again," it added. It further rejected "any measure that infringes upon its leadership, sovereignty, and the independence of its judicial system". The public blaming of Mohammed bin Salman is an extraordinary rebuke but so far he has escaped sanction despite calls from activists, Democrats in congress and the UN Special Rapporteur, Agnes Callamard. The carefully calibrated moves reflect the fine line that President Biden is treading: he wants to act on his promise to hold Saudi Arabia to account for human rights abuses but he also wants to preserve ties with the kingdom because it plays a role in the Mid-East issues that matter to the US, such as ending the war in Yemen, re-engaging Iran, fighting Islamist extremism and advancing Arab-Israeli ties. The president has made clear, though, that unlike his predecessor Donald Trump, he will not have direct contact with Prince Mohammed. Instead Mr Biden is dealing with his father, King Salman. How was Khashoggi killed? Khashoggi went to the consulate in October 2018 in order to obtain papers allowing him to marry his Turkish fiancée. He had allegedly received assurances from the crown prince's brother, Prince Khalid bin Salman, who was ambassador to the US at the time, that it would be safe to visit the consulate. Prince Khalid has denied any communication with the journalist. According to Saudi prosecutors, Khashoggi was forcibly restrained after a struggle and injected with a large amount of a drug, resulting in an overdose that led to his death. His body was then dismembered and handed over to a local "collaborator" outside the consulate, prosecutors said. The remains were never found. Details were revealed in transcripts of purported audio recordings of the killing obtained by Turkish intelligence.

সৌদি ক্রাউন প্রিন্স মোহাম্মদ বিন সালমান ২০১৮ সালে, নির্বাসিত সৌদি সাংবাদিক জামাল খাসোগজিকে হত্যার অনুমোদন দিয়েছিলেন বলে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রর এক গোয়েন্দা প্রতিবেদনে উঠে এসেছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Helen BriggsBBC Environment correspondent Donning mask, overalls, and three layers of gloves, he descends into the darkness, climbing down rope ladders and squeezing through the narrow chambers of caves. The tell-tale odour of bats is everywhere, their excrement deposited in layers on the floor, like wading through fresh snow. Occasionally, a bat is startled from sleep, wings brushing by as it takes flight. People in this part of Zimbabwe call bats "winged dragons", "flying rats" or simply the "evil ones". Like elsewhere in the world, the flying mammals are much misunderstood. For this wildlife ecologist, they're beautiful and incredible creatures. "They are fascinating," he says. "People are frightened of something they don't know." Dr Bourgarel is a virus hunter for the French research institute, Cirad. Working with colleagues at the University of Zimbabwe he goes into the bat caves to collect samples and droppings from bats. Back at the lab, the scientists extract and sequence the genetic material of bat viruses. They have already discovered different coronaviruses, including one in the same family as Sars and Sars-CoV-2. The research is part of a worldwide effort to investigate the diversity and genetic make-up of the viruses that bats carry, providing the tools to react quickly, should people start to get sick. "The local population frequently visits these bats' habitat, in order to collect guano to use as fertiliser for their crops. It is therefore essential to know the pathogens carried by the bats, because they could be transmitted to humans," says Dr Elizabeth Gori of the University of Zimbabwe. Bat experts have launched a campaign, Don't Blame Bats, to dispel unfounded fears and myths about bats, which are threatening conservation. They say bats are some of the most misunderstood and undervalued animals on the planet. Long the target of disdain, persecution and cultural prejudice, they have been blamed for a host of evils visited upon humans. And fears and myths about bats have only intensified in the time of Covid. Facts about bats Source: Bat Conservation International The precise origin of the virus that has wreaked such havoc across the world has not been pinned down. But the vast majority of scientists agree that it crossed into humans from an animal species, most likely a bat. That doesn't mean bats are to blame; it's our increasing interference with these wild creatures that's at the root of the problem. Outbreaks of emerging diseases have been linked to human destruction of nature. When forests or grasslands are razed to graze cattle, to grow soy or to build roads and settlements, wild animals are forced ever closer to humans and livestock, giving viruses an opportunity to jump ship. "It is undeniable that bats, such as many other animal groups, present real risks as hosts for potentially dangerous diseases," says Ricardo Rocha of the University of Porto, Portugal. But he points out that when you control for the number of bat species (a whopping 1,400 or more), the proportion of human-infecting viruses is similar to other groups, such as birds, domestic animals and rodents. Scientists estimate that three out of every four new or emerging infectious diseases in people come from animals. A warning of the dangers came in 2002, when the mysterious illness, Sars, emerged in China, killing almost 800 people around the world. In 2017, researchers identified a colony of horseshoe bats living in remote caves in Yunnan province that harboured genetic pieces of the human Sars virus. They warned then that a similar disease could emerge again, and they were proved right. But rather than blaming one species or another, we need to reassess our relationship with the natural world, says Dr Rocha. He points out that bats are vital for healthy ecosystems and human well-being. Bats suppress insects that swarm over crops. They pollinate plants in the tropics, such as durian fruits. And they disperse the seeds of trees found in rainforests, helping in the fight against climate change. It would be a "terrible outcome" if bats were demonised, since the spread of diseases from animals to humans is much more about humans encroaching into their domain than the other way around, says Dr David Robertson of the University of Glasgow. The antecedents of Sars-CoV-2 have likely been circulating in bats for decades, he says, with the ability to infect other animal species too. There have been isolated reports of Covid-related backlash against bats, including actual or intended killings in Peru, India, Australia, China and Indonesia. Scientists warn that a few misguided actions could have serious consequences for vulnerable bat species and even increase the risk of disease spillover. "A major concern is that many bat species are threatened with extinction, so even small instances of misguided violence could cause irreversible damage and have catastrophic flow-on effects for ecosystems that humans rely on," says Douglas MacFarlane of the University of Cambridge. Bats have lived alongside humans for centuries, for mutual good. In the university city of Coimbra in Portugal, bats have occupied an 18th Century library for more than 300 years, feasting on insects that might otherwise destroy manuscripts. Visit at dusk and you might see them flit out of the library windows and swoop down over the steep cobbled streets. Ricardo Rocha says we must remember that bats are an integral part of the complex natural webs that keep ecosystems healthy. "If there is a big take-home message from this unfortunate moment in history it's that making nature ill, makes us ill," he says. Follow Helen on Twitter.

ড. ম্যাথিউ বুওরগারেল মাঝেমধ্যেই গ্রামের প্রবীণদের অনুমতি নিয়ে পবিত্র গুহার ভেতরে ঢোকেন। সেখানে যেসব জিন বা প্রেতাত্মা থাকেন, তাদের তুষ্ট করতে উপহার নিয়ে যান।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Water cannon and tear gas have also been used against protesters, and one woman is in hospital with a critical head injury. News agencies quoted doctors as saying they had seen wounds from live bullets. Protesters are standing against a military coup that removed the elected government last week. A ban on large public gatherings and night-time curfews has been instigated in some cities, with military leader Min Aung Hlaing warning that no-one is above the law. The demonstrators are demanding the release of elected leader Aung San Suu Kyi, along with senior leaders of her National League for Democracy Party (NLD). She was arrested when the military seized power and declared a year-long state of emergency on 1 February. Tuesday was the fourth consecutive day of protests. In the evening, the NLD said its party headquarters in Yangon had been "raided and destroyed" by the military. In its first acknowledgement of the protests, Myanmar's state TV said police had also been injured while trying to disperse "aggressive" protesters. It said a police truck was destroyed in the city of Mandalay. Yangon resident Nelly, 18, (not her real name), described the scenes outside her house as "total chaos". "My biggest fear is our safety, because there are lots of people on the roads protesting but there is also a lot of violence from police officers. We don't know when we'll be shot at or when they will arrest us," she told BBC Outside Source on World Service radio. How did the situation escalate? Earlier on Tuesday, police began using water cannon against protesters in Nay Pyi Taw - but the crowd refused to retreat. "End the military dictatorship," people yelled. Some threw projectiles at police, witnesses said. Warning shots were eventually fired into the air, before rubber bullets were fired at protesters. According to BBC Burmese, who spoke to an unnamed medical officer from a Nay Pyi Taw hospital, one woman suffered a serious head injury and another demonstrator had chest injuries. It is not yet clear how exactly they were wounded. Reuters news agency spoke with a doctor who said X-rays indicated live ammunition had been used against the woman. AFP also quoted an emergency room doctor who believed the military was using live rounds, citing injuries to a 23-year-old man and a 19-year-old. "We believe they are actual bullets because of the wounds and their injuries," the doctor said. On social media, footage and photographs were widely circulated which purported to show the critically injured woman being shot. The footage showed a woman in a motorbike helmet collapsing. Pictures showed what appeared to be a blood-stained helmet. The BBC has not verified this. The United Nations voiced "strong concern" over Tuesday's bloodshed. "The use of disproportionate force against demonstrators is unacceptable," said Ola Almgren, the UN resident co-ordinator and humanitarian coordinator in Myanmar, also known as Burma. There have been numerous unconfirmed reports of police officers crossing over to join protesters. In some areas, police also allowed demonstrators through their barricades. Previous protests against the country's decades-long military rule, in 1988 and 2007, saw demonstrators killed. 'Police are for the people' Nyein Chan Aye, BBC Burmese, Yangon The regime's warnings drew bigger crowds in Yangon on Tuesday - estimated at more than 100,000 people. Demonstrators gathered early and were joined by celebrities. "Police are for the people" and "Soldiers are not supposed to kill civilians", chanted protesters. The biggest crowds were near Yangon University and in the city centre, which have become meeting points for demonstrators. Authorities blocked the intersection of Hledan Junction and University Avenue with water cannon, and clashes nearly broke out between students and police. People in Yangon are angry that security forces used rubber bullets and injured a number of people in Nay Pyi Taw. But protesters peacefully headed home as night curfews began. The military, on the other hand, appears to have used the curfew to raid NLD HQs in Yangon on Tuesday. Locals who witnessed the raids and a member of the NLD told BBC Burmese that security forces broke down doors by force. No NLD members were present in the building. What are protesters saying? "We come here well aware of the ban over gatherings of more than five people," one young male protester in Yangon told BBC Burmese. "However, we come out because we have to protest until the president and Mother Suu are freed," he added, referring to leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who has not been heard from since being placed under house arrest. A female protester, who also did not want to be named, said: "Young people have their future, so we can't tolerate this... We will keep on fighting until we get our president and Mother Suu back, whatever it takes." She said young protesters wanted to avoid confrontations with military. Even though Ms Suu Kyi's record on human rights has previously been criticised internationally, she remains very popular in the country. Her win in the 2020 election was confirmed by various overseas monitoring bodies. How is the military reacting? On Monday, Gen Min Aung Hlaing gave his first televised address since the coup. He insisted the seizure of power was justified due to "voter fraud", accusing the electoral commission of failing to investigate irregularities over voter lists in November's election. The commission had said there was no evidence to support claims of widespread fraud. Ms Suu Kyi and various senior leaders from the NLD, including President Win Myint, were detained on 1 February. Gen Min Aung Hlaing promised new elections overseen by a new "reformed" election commission, and said the military would hand power to the winner. He also said his rule would be "different" from what was effectively a 49-year military grip on power that ended in 2011. He spoke of achieving a "true and disciplined democracy", a phrase that drew scorn from some opponents of the coup on social media. On Tuesday, New Zealand announced that it would be suspending all high-level contact with Myanmar and imposing a travel ban on its military leaders. It was the first major international move to isolate Myanmar's military since it took power. The US also called for freedom of expression to be upheld. "We strongly condemn violence against demonstrators," a spokesman for the state department said.

মিয়ানমারের রাজধানী নেপিডোতে নিষেধাজ্ঞা উপেক্ষা করে হাজার হাজার মানুষ বিক্ষোভ করার সময় পুলিশ তাদের ওপর রাবার বুলেট চালিয়েছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

A lockdown remains largely in place in the Muslim-majority Kashmir valley but authorities said they were re-opening nearly 200 primary schools in Srinagar, the largest city. However, classrooms at schools visited by reporters mostly appeared empty. Parents said that they were worried about safety. Despite the security clampdown in Kashmir, there have been frequent protests against the loss of special status and some have turned violent. Kashmir is a Himalayan territory disputed by India and Pakistan. Each country controls part of the territory and the Indian-administered side - Jammu and Kashmir - has now been downgraded from a federal state and split into two union territories ruled by Delhi. There has been a separatist insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir for three decades, with tens of thousands of people killed. The government began partially restoring landline connectivity over the weekend, but mobile networks and the internet remained switched off as more protests were reported. BBC correspondents report that many parents prefer to keep their children at home until mobile networks are restored. The Reuters news agency quoted a teacher at one school as saying that students could not be expected to attend in such "volatile" conditions. It added that a number of the schools supposed to open had been been locked or very lightly staffed. Only government schools have re-opened, with private schools remaining closed, India's PTI news agency reports. Officials said that they were trying to ascertain how many students had attended in total. The communications blackout in the region has made reporting from Indian-administered Kashmir difficult. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has consistently defended the unilateral move to strip the region of its constitutional special status, saying that it was needed to facilitate economic development and improve security. But Kashmiri political leaders and activists have characterised the decision as a betrayal and have voiced fury that it was implemented without any consultation with local leaders. Well-known political leaders have been held in detention since the revocation of special status. Read more on Kashmir All pictures copyright

ভারত শাসিত কাশ্মীরে বেশ কিছু স্কুল সোমবার খুলে দেয়া হয়েছে, কিন্তু শ্রেণী কক্ষে ছাত্র-ছাত্রীদের দেখা যায়নি একেবারেই।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

China, where the virus first emerged, confirmed it had no new domestic cases on Wednesday for the first time since the outbreak began, a major milestone. But it reported 34 new cases among people who recently returned to China. Singapore also reported 47 new cases, of which 33 were imported - 30 of them returned Singapore residents. South Korea saw a jump in new cases on Thursday with 152, though it is not clear how many were imported. A new cluster there is centred on a nursing home in Daegu, where 74 patients have tested positive. Japan reported three new cases on Wednesday. But Hokkaido, the worst-affected Japanese region with 154 cases, is lifting its state of emergency - in place since late February - after officials said the spread of the virus appeared to be ending. Officials have urged people to remain cautious and stay at home, but said there had been "no surge of infected patients that led to the collapse of the medical environment". "We've carried out powerful measures on refraining from going out, but from now on, we will move into a stage of reducing risks of the spread of infection while maintaining social and economic activities," governor Naomichi Suzuki said on Wednesday. China's National Health Commission (NHC) reported no domestically transmitted cases in China for the first time since the virus emerged in late December. It also said there were no cases at all in Wuhan, the outbreak centre which was essentially locked down earlier this year, but 34 cases arriving from abroad. Some Wuhan residents who have been shut up inside their homes for six weeks are being allowed out, as long as they do not gather in groups. Some businesses have also been allowed to resume work. In districts which have been cleared as "epidemic-free", small markets and convenience stores are reopening. As protection against imported infections, a hospital that used to treat Sars patients has been re-opened in the Chinese capital Beijing to quarantine suspected coronavirus cases. In Hong Kong, new arrivals will have to wear an electronic bracelet to track their movements. China's death toll stands at 3,245, however there have been ongoing questions over the reliability of China's data. All four countries had all been showing success in controlling domestic cases, but there is concern that increases elsewhere could unravel their progress. South Korea has been praised for its response to the epidemic, which has involved tracing the infection, testing large amounts of people and isolating patients quickly. The pace of daily new infections has slowed since the outbreak peaked earlier this month. Before Wednesday's increase, the number of people contracting the virus had been in double digits for the last four days. Health officials have warned there is no room for complacency and are once again urging the public to stay away from large gatherings including in churches, nursing homes, internet cafes and karaoke rooms. Three people from the national fencing team have tested positive for coronavirus after returning from a competition in Hungary. All 26 athletes and coaches are now being tested. Read more from Laura: Is S Korea's rapid testing the key to coronavirus? 'Stay home, please' Much of the focus has now shifted to Europe and the US, but the new numbers signal that the outbreak is far from over in Asia. Malaysia's senior health official on Wednesday begged people to "stay at home and protect yourself and your family. Please". Malaysia, which is under a partial lockdown, has tallied 710 people with the virus, the worst in South East Asia. Many of the cases are linked to one religious event in the capital, Kuala Lumpur, in February. "We have a slim chance to break the chain of Covid-19 infections," Noor Hisham Abdullah, director general of Health Malaysia, said on Facebook. "Failure is not an option here. If not, we may face a third wave of this virus, which would be greater than a tsunami, if we maintain a 'so what' attitude." According to a tally by Johns Hopkins University in the US, there are 215,955 cases and 8,749 deaths globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) says the vast majority - 80% - have occurred in Europe and the Western Pacific region, which includes much of Asia. You may also be interested in:

বাইরে থেকে দেশে প্রবেশ করা মানুষের মাধ্যমে দক্ষিণ কোরিয়া, চীন এবং সিঙ্গাপুরের মত এশিয়ান দেশগুলোয় দ্বিতীয় দফায় করোনাভাইরাস ছড়িয়ে পড়ছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Abigail Ony NwaohuochaBBC Africa women's affairs journalist, Lagos A successful career woman, Olufunmilola Ogungbile, 30, never thought that she would be sleeping on a friend's couch after five months of apartment-hunting in Abeokuta city in south-western Nigeria. She had moved from Lagos after securing a good job with the Ogun state government as a project administrator. Despite being financially independent, she struggled to find an apartment in middle and upmarket areas because she was single. "The first question the landlord would ask me is if I'm married?" Ms Ogungbile said, "I'd say 'No', and they'd follow with, 'Why not'?" She was often left puzzled. "What does my marital status have to do with me getting a place to live in?" 'We want decent people' Ms Ogungbile said the discrimination was widespread. "Ninety-nine per cent of the landlords I met did not want to rent to me because I am a single woman," she told the BBC. "Most landlords and agents would tell me, 'Can you bring your boyfriend or your husband?' In these kinds of apartments, we don't like boys coming in. We just want decent people." Ms Ogungbile believes the hurdles she faced are down to cultural expectations - marriage is a benchmark used to measure decency. "In this part of the world, if you are not married then you are a prostitute," she added. Sylvia Oyinda - a product manager in the retail sector in Lagos, Nigeria's throbbing metropolis - agrees that the stigma makes it difficult for single women to rent in Nigeria. Ms Oyinda, 31, was engaged when she started looking for an apartment. Landlords refused to meet her without her fiancé. "There is a saying 'small girl, big god' that describes young single women who rent alone or squat with other females. "The saying refers to single women who have sponsors, typically older men, who pay their rent," she said. 'Men have more money' Ms Oyinda believes landlords assume most young single women are like this. "The three landlords I met all refused to show me their apartments. They would tell me, 'Don't bother.'" Out of frustration she stopped scouting on her own. On the fourth attempt, she went with her partner, to whom she is now married, and was taken seriously. The couple eventually settled for a four-bedroom flat in the high-end area of Lekki. Olufunmilola Ogungbile on her five-month flat hunt: "Part of fighting the stigma was me refusing to bring a partner because that was part of the criteria before they would hand me the key" Coleman Nwafor, a landlord and property owner, said he does not discriminate, but most of his tenants and buyers are men because they have more money. "Most single ladies are under the responsibility of their parents or a lover. You can never tell what will happen after the first year. And every landlord wants a tenant who will pay without stress and renew their contract once it expires," he told the BBC. "Most single ladies are not working. There are more jobs for men than women in Nigeria. That is just the way it is." 'Landlords try to police women' Yinka Oladiran, 25, who moved from New York to Lagos in May 2016 to pursue a career as a TV presenter, said she lived independently in the US and wanted to maintain her freedom in Nigeria. She also wanted to reduce a three-hour commute to work from her father's home, but she could not rent an apartment without her father giving his consent to landlords. "There were landlords who said they did not want to rent to me until they had spoken to my father to make sure that he was OK with it, even though I was paying with my own money," Ms Oladiran told the BBC. "My opinion didn't matter. The landlords try to police women," she added. After searching independently for more than six months, she finally got an apartment in April 2017. More on housing: However, she said she felt constantly undermined by security staff, especially when she came home late from work, as they often asked her who she was visiting. "For that to even happen over and over again was very insulting," Ms Oladiran said. As for Ms Ogungbile, her five-month hunt ended last week when she finally moved into a studio flat. She said she secured it through a letting agency which focused on her income rather than her gender or marital status. The 30-year-old, who is now excited about painting her new home in her favourite colours - purple and lilac - believes she fought back against discrimination in her own little way. "Part of fighting the stigma was me refusing to bring a spouse or a partner because that was part of the criteria before they would hand me the keys," she said.

নাইজেরিয়ার অনেক বাড়ির মালিক সন্দেহ করেন একা মেয়ে মানেই যৌনকর্মী।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Reality Check teamBBC News The UN has called for tougher regulation to reduce the availability of these products. Sri Lanka banned a series of pesticides over the course of two decades and has seen a substantial reduction in the number of deaths. But in other countries, some of the most poisonous pesticide products linked to suicides are still available. Pesticide self-poisonings have halved globally since the 1990s, but are still leading to deaths in mainly poor rural communities in Asia. In the 1980s and 90s, Sri Lanka had one of the highest suicide rates in the world and pesticide poisoning accounted for two-thirds of those deaths. But government action over two decades to ban the products being used led to a 70% drop in the overall suicide rate. Rates of self-harm remained roughly the same while hospital admissions for pesticide self-poisoning actually increased. This suggests people were still attempting to take their own lives but the pesticides available to them were less lethal. To address concerns of the farming industry, replacement pesticides were introduced but with lower toxicity levels. There is little evidence that replacing highly hazardous pesticides with safer alternatives lowers agricultural output, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite the weight of evidence, non-randomised studies can't completely rule out other causal factors. Health services also improved during this period. Official data shows that in India there were about 134,000 deaths from suicide in 2015, of which 24,000 were due to insecticides. However, these deaths are seen as under-reported in India. People often hide suicides as accidental deaths because of the fear of having to report them to the police, says Dr Ashish Bhalla, at the Institute of Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh, India. Analysis by a group of UK-based academics of registered pesticides in India found that 10 highly toxic products, commonly used in suicides, have been banned by the Indian government and more have been restricted or are due to be banned in 2020. However, there are more than a dozen extremely or highly hazardous pesticides, according to WHO guidelines, still available. What about elsewhere in Asia? Similar regulations were introduced in Bangladesh during the 2000s, which were followed by a declining suicide rate, while admissions for pesticides poisoning remaining unchanged, a 2017 study found. It noted incomplete data for some of the other factors that might have affected the results. In 2012, South Korea banned a highly toxic weed killer. This resulted in an immediate decline in pesticide-poisoning suicides and helped reduce overall death rates. A study covering 2006 to 2013 in China found that as overall suicide rates fell, self-poisoning saw the fastest decline. This was attributed to a range of factors including tougher regulations, fewer people working in agriculture, urbanisation and better health and emergency services. China is believed to be responsible for the significant global decline in these pesticide-related deaths. Nepal has banned 21 pesticides since 2001 including five this year. Some of these were banned for general health and environmental reasons, but a few specifically because of their use in suicides, says Dr Dilli Sharma, head of Nepal's Pesticide Management Centre. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

প্রতি বছর আনুমানিক দেড় লাখের মতো মানুষ আত্মহত্যা করে বিভিন্ন ধরনের কীটনাশক পান করে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Government figures show there were almost 45 million kangaroos in 2016, which is almost double the human population of Australia. In 2010 the number was only 27 million, with the sharp rise blamed on rainy conditions producing wealth of food. But many fear millions could starve if a dry summer produces a drought. Australia has strict regulations about the humane killing of the animals. Each state has rigid quotas on commercial shooting licences and species culling, based on sustainability levels. Local media report that most available commercial cull licences are not being taken up because of low trade prices and a lack of demand. Each year the cull provokes controversy, with opponents suggesting there is no evidence that reducing kangaroo numbers helps the environment. The carcases of culled animals can be used for their hides and leather, which are then sold or exported. But their meat is often wasted because of a lack of demand, according to the Australian government's environmental website. Because kangaroos are Australia's national animal, eating of their meat remains quite stigmatised. Some Australians view it as novelty produce for visiting tourists seeking "bush tucker" meats such as emu and crocodile. The meat's proponents say kangaroo meat is low in fat and because the animals produce less methane than other farmed animals, they are more environmentally friendly. Professor David Paton of the University of Adelaide told ABC that people needed to support kangaroo culling to protect other parts of the country's ecology and stop the animals "rotting". "It's not the kangaroos' fault they're overabundant, it's probably we've just been too reluctant to take a stick to them, remove them out of the system sooner, to actually prevent the damage being caused," he said. "If we're going to cull these animals we do it humanely, but we also perhaps should think about what we might use the animals that are killed for."

অস্ট্রেলিয়ার জমির মালিক ও পরিবেশবিদরা সতর্ক করে দিয়ে বলছেন, সেখানকার বন্য ক্যাঙ্গারুর সংখ্যা অস্থিতিশীল পর্যায়ে চলে গেছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The neighbours who spread cheer The deadly outbreak comes as China celebrates one of the most important dates in its calendar - Lunar New Year. Imagine Christmas and Thanksgiving all rolled into one - typically a time filled with lots of cheer. For many, it's the only chance in a year they have to meet up with their family and exchange gifts of food and money. In Wuhan people have been encouraged to stay home to minimise the spread of the virus. But residents in a block of flats found a small way to cheer each other up. Videos circulating on social media show people shouting "Wuhan jiayou" out of their windows- roughly translated to "Stay strong Wuhan" or "Keep on going Wuhan". The phrase is echoed across the block and residents can be heard cheering in the background. It's also a cheer that's being repeated online. On social media site Weibo, the phrase "Wuhan jiayou" has been trending. Many across different parts of the country are posting the phrase in solidarity with Wuhan - where the majority of deaths as a result of the virus have occurred. "We will get through this. Wuhan jiayou, the whole country is supporting you," said one comment on Weibo. More than one hundred people - mostly in Wuhan - have now died as a result of the outbreak which has spread across China and internationally. Though there is plenty of fear and anger at the authorities on social media in China, state media has been highlighting kind acts and stories of residents banding together in Wuhan. The restaurant owner who packed 200 lunch boxes One new restaurant owner in Wuhan spent the Lunar New Year festival packing food for medical workers in the city, according to state news outlet Changjiang Daily. Li Bo had opened a restaurant in the city just a month ago. He sold his car and borrowed money in order to raise the funds for it. But before the 36-year-old could properly get his business started, the outbreak kicked in - leaving the streets of the city empty and his restaurant deserted. "I panicked. I lay at home worrying about how I was going to repay the loan," he told Changjiang Daily. "But then I saw [news] about how the medical staff in hospitals were struggling and I felt like it was time for me act. I wanted to do my part, no matter how insignificant." According to a report by news site Beijing News, some hospitals in Wuhan have experienced food shortages. Two residents living in Wuhan had previously told the BBC that people in the city have been trying to stockpile food. Li Bo along with his chef spent days buying ingredients and cooking enough food to fit into 200 boxes. He told the news outlet on 26 January that he was in the process of finding enough boxes to pack the food into, adding that the meals would eventually be delivered to medical staff in Wuhan's Xiehe Hospital. "I wanted to do my best to [make sure] the medical staff eat hot meals. I hope they get the nutrition they need and that will boost their immunity," he told the paper, adding that he plans to continue the food deliveries for as long as he can. "I hope the city we love gets better soon." The villager who donated 15,000 masks Fears of the coronavirus have seen thousands across the country flocking to buy face masks - triggering a mask shortage in some places. Masks have become such a valuable commodity that many on Weibo have joked that they would rather receive face masks instead of the typical monetary gifts given out during Lunar New Year. One villager in Changde, a neighbouring province of Hubei where Wuhan is located, decided he would donate almost 15,000 face masks, according to news outlet the Xiaoxiang Morning Herald. Hao Jin had last year worked in a mask production factory. He eventually resigned from the job but the company could not afford to pay him his salary. He was instead given 15,000 masks - worth 20,000 yuan (£2,207; $2,883) as a form of compensation. He brought the masks home and forgot about them until he heard news of the mask shortage. "I thought I would donate the masks I have to those in need, I hope they can be of more use and value to others," he said. He kept a handful of the masks for his family, and distributed some to those in his village before donating the rest to people in his county. Learn more about the new virus

করোনাভাইরাসে আক্রান্ত মানুষের সংখ্যা যখন বাড়ছে, চীনের উহান শহরে তখন লাখ লাখ মানুষ অবরুদ্ধ হয়ে পড়েছে- যার কারণ প্রাদুর্ভাবের কেন্দ্রস্থল থেকে রোগটি ছড়িয়ে পড়া ঠেকানো। কিন্তু এই কঠিন সময়েও অনেক মানুষ একে অন্যের দিকে সাহায্যের হাত বাড়িয়ে দিয়েছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Dr Mahinder Watsa, a trained obstetrician-gynaecologist, wrote his famous "Ask the Sexpert" column for more than ten years. He responded to the anxious queries of thousands of Indians, advising them with both with wit and clarity. An official statement by his children said that "he [Dr Watsa] lived a glorious life and on his terms." It is unclear if he was suffering from any illness at the time of his death. Dr Watsa was 80 when he began writing the now-famous daily sex advice column in the Mumbai Mirror newspaper. It quickly drew both interest and censure given that sex is still a taboo subject in most Indian households. "Until we ran the column, Indian media rarely - if at all - used words like 'penis' and 'vagina'," the paper's editor, Ms Baghel, told the BBC in 2014. She said she had to deal with accusations of obscenity, lawsuits and hate mail, but she feels the benefits of running the column far outweighed any of the troubles the paper went through. "In the Mirror alone, he [Dr Watsa] would have answered 20,000 readers' queries. Through his career as a sex counsellor, it would be over 40,000. This excludes the patients whose lives he has touched more intimately," Ms Baghel wrote in a profile of Dr Watsa. Dr Watsa was first asked to write a Dear Doctor column in the 1960s by a woman's magazine. He was in his late 30s. "I didn't have much experience, I must confess," he told the BBC in an interview in 2014. He soon realised that many of the problems that readers wrote to him about stemmed from a lack of sex education. So he set off on a life-long mission to provide it, first through the Family Planning Association of India (FPAI) and later through his own organisation, the Council of Sex Education and Parenthood International, (CSEPI). In 1974, when Watsa was working as a consultant to FPA India he persuaded them to introduce a programme of sexual counselling and education. At the time, talking about sex was a great taboo - many felt his suggestion was pornographic, whereas health professionals felt it was "unscientific". However the FPAI supported him and set up India's first sex education, counselling and therapy centre. While he was at medical college in Mumbai, Dr Watsa stayed with a big extended family his parents knew - that's where he met his wife, Promila. She was originally from Sindh, he was Punjabi, and they were from different castes. They had a son and lived in the UK for a couple of years, where Watsa worked as a hospital houseman and registrar. They were happy in the UK but when his father - an army doctor - fell ill, they returned to India, where he worked as a medical officer with Glaxo, as well as running a practice as gynaecologist and obstetrician. "Sometimes I delivered babies all night and then would go to work all day," he told the BBC. "Sex is a joyful thing, but a number of writers tend to become rather medical and serious," he said. He, however, preferred to tackle readers' concerns and curiosities with humour and compassion. Q: Two days ago, I had unprotected sex with my girlfriend. To prevent pregnancy, we bought an i-Pill. [emergency contraceptive] But in the heat of the moment I popped it instead of her. Can it cause any complications for me? A: Next time round please use a condom and make sure you don't swallow that too. Q: I have heard that any kind of acidic substance can prevent pregnancy. Can I pour some drops of lemon or orange juice in my girlfriend's vagina after the intercourse? Will it harm her? A: Are you a bhel puri [snack] vendor? Where did you get this weird idea from? There are many other safe and easy methods of birth control. You can consider using a condom. Q: After having sex four times a day, I feel weak the next day. For about five minutes, my vision goes blank and I can't see anything properly. Please help. A: What do you expect? Shouts of hurray and I am a champion all over town? Q: I have a small penis and I can't seem to satisfy my girlfriend. My astrologer has advised me to pull it every day for 15 minutes while reciting a shloka [prayer]. I have been doing this for a month but it hasn't helped. What should I do? A: If he was right, most men would have a penis hitting their knees. God doesn't help gullible, foolish men. Go visit a sexpert instead who can teach you the art of making love. Q: My family is demanding that I get married. How can I ascertain if the girl is a virgin? A: I suggest you don't get married. Unless you appoint detectives, there is no way to find out. Spare any poor girl of your suspicious mind.

ভারতে একজন যৌন বিশেষজ্ঞ, যিনি পত্রিকায় যৌন সম্পর্কের ওপর কলাম লিখে ও পাঠকের এ সংক্রান্ত প্রশ্নের জবাব দিয়ে ব্যাপক জনপ্রিয়তা অর্জন করেছেন, ৯৬ বছর বয়সে তিনি মারা গেছেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Matthew, taken to Syria by his mother and stepfather, was 10 when he was filmed telling Mr Trump to prepare for a battle on US soil. Now 13, he has been living with his father for a year, after being flown home by the US military in 2018. "It's happened and it's done. It's all behind me now," he told the BBC. "I was so young I did not really understand any of it." Matthew has had counselling to help him deal with everything that happened to him and is coping well. His stepfather, Moussa Elhassani, died in a suspected drone attack in the summer of 2017, while his mother, Samantha Sally, was convicted earlier this month of financing terrorism and sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison. It was in April 2015 when the seemingly ordinary American family crossed into IS territory from the Turkish border province of Sanliurfa. "We ran across an area that was very dark. It was at night, there was a lot of random spots of barbed wire… There wasn't much going through my head except, 'I need to run,'" Matthew said, speaking about his ordeal for the first time to the BBC's Panorama programme and to Frontline, a programme made by US public broadcaster PBS. In the city IS claimed as its capital, Raqqa, Matthew's stepfather, Elhassani, was sent for military training and became an IS sniper. Then eight years old, Matthew did his best to make sense of his new home. "When we were first in Raqqa, we were in the city parts. It was pretty noisy, gunshots normally," he said. "Once in a while a random explosion, like far away, though. So we didn't have too much to worry about." But in early 2017 his mother emailed her sister in the US with a desperate plea for money to help the family escape, attaching extremely disturbing videos of Matthew. In one, Elhassani forced Matthew to assemble a suicide belt. At his stepfather's instruction, Matthew role-played how he would welcome potential American rescuers, but then kill them by detonating the explosives. In another video, he was seen taking apart a loaded AK-47, challenged by his stepfather to do so in under a minute. As the US-led coalition intensified its airstrikes on Raqqa, a bomb hit a neighbouring house, which collapsed on to the family home, leaving Matthew to feel his way out through the rubble and dust. By August 2017, Raqqa was in ruins, but the Islamic State group was still predicting victory and it forced Matthew to deliver a message of defiance. It released a video of him, then aged 10, threatening the president of the United States. "My message to Trump, the puppet of the Jews: Allah has promised us victory and he's promised you defeat," said Matthew, reciting lines he had been made to learn. "This battle is not going to end in Raqqa or Mosul. It's going to end in your lands… So get ready, for the fighting has just begun." In his interview, Matthew said he was given no choice but to take part in the video, because of his stepfather's outbursts of anger. "He was starting to lose it, like he was mentally unstable, very mentally unstable," he said. Shortly afterwards, Elhassani was killed in a suspected drone strike. "I was happy 'cause I didn't like him, obviously," Matthew said. "I don't think I should have been, because a person died, but I was. We were all crying out of joy." Matthew's mother, Samantha Sally, was then able to pay people smugglers to get herself and her four children out of IS territory, with Matthew hidden inside a barrel on the back of a truck as it passed through IS checkpoints. When they reached Kurdish-controlled territory, they were held in a detention camp, and it's there in the winter of 2017 that Panorama first started talking to Sally. She said she had been tricked by her husband into taking her family to Syria and that she had had no idea what he had been planning. Once in Raqqa, he had become violent towards her, she said. She admitted that they had bought two Yazidi teenage girls as slaves, and that her husband had regularly raped them. She continued to stick to the story that she had been tricked after the family's return to the US, while she was in jail awaiting trial. Although she had supported her husband "in his stupid ventures", she was not guilty of supporting him to join IS, she insisted. But the Panorama/Frontline investigation uncovered evidence that undermined this story. A member of the Elhassani family said that Moussa had become obsessed with IS in the months before the family left the US, and that he had seen him watching IS propaganda, including videos of executions, in the family home. A friend of Samantha Sally's also recalled a conversation with her in which she had said her husband had told her he'd been called to join "the holy war". And the Panorama/Frontline investigation discovered that Sally had made a series of trips to Hong Kong in the weeks before the family left the US, depositing at least $30,000 in cash and gold in safety deposit boxes. After almost 12 months behind bars, Sally changed her story and pleaded guilty to financing terrorism as part of a plea deal. Struggling to accept her guilt, she said, "It was the only deal they could have offered with the T-word that didn't put the guidelines at a lifetime sentence." Prosecutors described as "horrifying" their discovery that Sally had helped film the videos of her son Matthew being forced to assemble a suicide belt and take apart an AK-47. They said it may never be known why she had helped her husband to join IS. Her defence argued that she had been coerced by her controlling husband. Speaking about how it felt to step back on to US soil, Matthew said: "It's like being in tight clothes or tight socks and shoes all day and then just taking it off and just feeling nice and chilling in a hot bath. That's what it felt like. Like sweet relief. It felt good." Viewers in the UK can watch Return from ISIS: A Family's Story on Panorama, at 21:00 on BBC One on 23 November, or catch up later online. The first episode of I'm Not a Monster, a 10-part podcast telling the family's story, will be available for download on Monday.

আমেরিকান এক বালক যে ইসলামিক স্টেটের তৈরি করা ভিডিওতে প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পকে হুমকি দিতো সে বলেছে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে ফিরতে পেরে সে স্বস্তি বোধ করছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

A Muslim man was stabbed to death while rioters torched Muslim-owned shops and vandalised mosques during Monday's attacks. Police have arrested more than 70 people, including the leader of a far-right Buddhist group. The United Nations has called for calm and a "rejection of hate". On Wednesday morning, military spokesman Sumith Atapattu reportedly said the situation was "now totally under control". "There were no incidents of violence overnight and we are arresting groups of people responsible for taking part in mob attacks," he said. Tuesday's curfew came into effect at 21:00 (15:30 GMT). Police said the North-Western province, where the worst violence flared, will be shut down for longer. Rioting in the province - north of the capital, Colombo - saw police fire bullets into the air to disperse mobs marauding through several towns. More than 60 people were arrested in the province, while a further 14 people were detained in the Western province town of Minuwangoda. Local press say the authorities deployed helicopters to help monitor and tackle the rioters. Tension has been high since Islamist militants attacked churches and hotels three weeks ago on Easter Sunday, killing more than 250 people. In response to the rioting, the UN's Colombo office has urged Sri Lankan authorities to hold perpetrators to account and "ensure that the situation does not escalate". Muslims make up nearly 10% of Sri Lanka's 22 million people, who are predominantly Sinhalese Buddhists. Mob violence in central Sri Lanka targeting Muslim communities in March last year, prompted the government to declare a state of emergency. Sri Lanka has a history of ethnic conflict and the latest violence has triggered alarm. Separatists rebels from the Tamil minority community fought a violent insurgency against government forces for decades until the civil war ended in 2009. 'We are all living in fear' One Muslim businessman told the BBC Sri Lanka's Muslim communities were all "living in fear now" amid a widespread atmosphere of distrust and recrimination. His factory in a northern suburb of Colombo was burned to the ground on Monday night by a rampaging mob. The trader, who did not wish to be named, said around 200 rioters broke through his factory's gates after running amok through a nearby town. Once inside, he said they "started wrecking everything in sight", shouting and screaming as they set tyres alight. As police struggled to control the baying mob, several employees fled through a window, including one who suffered injuries after tripping and plunging 35ft (10.6m). Security forces eventually calmed the situation and the mob dispersed, but not before devastating the factory. "It seemed like they were really happy to tear our factory apart," he said, estimating the damage to be worth millions of Sri Lankan rupees. He filmed the extensive destruction wrought by the unidentified attackers, who he said were "100% racially charged to attack Muslims". He fears more attacks on Muslims are possible if the Sri Lankan government does not take precautions against the threat of racial violence. "We're afraid that this will be a Sri Lanka we don't recognise any more," he said. Where has unrest broken out? How have the authorities responded? Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe has appealed for calm, saying the unrest is hampering the investigation into last month's attacks. Visiting the riot-struck town of Kuliyapitiya on Tuesday he said he would not allow the lives of innocent people to be disrupted. Leaders from across the political spectrum have called for calm and urged people not to share rumours via social media. Officials have blocked some social media platforms and messaging apps, including Facebook and Whatsapp, in an attempt to curb outbreaks of unrest.

মুসলিম বিরোধী সহিংসতা বৃদ্ধি পাওয়ায় শ্রীলংকায় দেশব্যাপী রাত্রিকালীন কারফিউ জারি করা হয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Stephen WoodmanGuadalajara People started leaving in May, when police found a decomposed body in a home on a quiet side street. Last month, a kidnap victim escaped and directed police to another address on the same road. Inside, they found a corpse and three severed heads. So far this year, more than 15 murder and burial sites - some holding dozens of dead bodies - have been found within homes in Guadalajara, the capital of Jalisco state. 'You can feel the fear' This is a frightening development in a country where more than 40,000 people have been reported missing since 2006. When criminals bury victims in private properties, they create legal barriers to accessing their bodies. Search parties in Guadalajara can no longer rely on shovels. Instead, they now need diggers and drills to bore through concrete. The silence of neighbours fuels impunity. Although some locals later reported hearing screams or smelling decaying flesh, few have dared to call the police. "No one is reporting on what they know," said one La Estancia resident who asked not to be named due to safety concerns. "You can feel the fear…it's palpable." Since Mexico's government deployed troops to fight drug cartels in 2006, mass graves have been uncovered with shocking frequency. A study led by journalists Alejandra Guillén, Mago Torres and Marcela Turati found at least 1,978 clandestine burial sites were unearthed between 2006 and 2016. Authorities have made little effort to locate these graves. Instead, politicians have routinely painted the disappeared as criminals, despite overwhelming evidence that there are many law-abiding civilians among them. Digging for the dead Across Mexico, desperate parents have taken up the task of digging for the remains of the missing. These informal investigations have led to shocking discoveries. In 2016, an anonymous tip-off led one collective to a wooded area in the eastern state of Veracruz. At least 298 bodies and thousands of bone fragments were eventually recovered from the site. But the obstacles to finding missing people in Guadalajara have multiplied in recent years, says Guadalupe Aguilar. A founding member of Families United by Disappearances in Jalisco, Ms Aguilar has been searching for her son, José Luis Arana, since he disappeared in a Guadalajara suburb in 2011. "In [other regions] criminals are closer to the countryside," Ms Aguilar explains. "Here in the city, it's much riskier to transport a dead body… But it is always more difficult to search a private property because you need a warrant to enter." A city at war A police official who spoke to the BBC under the condition of anonymity says two gangs are behind the burials in Guadalajara homes. The first is the Jalisco New Generation cartel (CJNG), which the government considers the country's most powerful criminal organisation. The second is Nueva Plaza, a rival group which split from the CJNG in 2017, sparking violence across the city. "[These gangs] rent from landlords who have no idea what the property is being used for," the official said. "We have also documented cases in which they simply invade. They find uninhabited properties and turn them into torture houses or burial sites." This strategy has not been seen on this scale in Mexico since 2011 - after a series of mass killings in the northern state of Durango. But the police official warned the burial tactic could soon spread to other cities, as criminals from Jalisco, particularly the CJNG, strengthen their grip across the country. Poor and underpopulated areas are particularly vulnerable to cartel invasions. The problem is so severe in Chulavista, a housing complex on the fringes of Guadalajara, that locals brick up the doors of abandoned homes to prevent criminals from seizing them. 'No one is looking' Jalisco's security crisis made international news in September last year, when authorities parked a refrigerated trailer filled with 273 unidentified bodies in suburban Guadalajara. The state government had rented the container after a surge in violence overburdened forensic facilities. Politicians blamed the scandal on Jalisco's forensic chief, Octavio Cotero. But Mr Cotero accused the state of ignoring his appeals for funding. He also revealed there was a second trailer containing more unidentified bodies. Both the Jalisco state government and the federal government changed following elections in July 2018. But Mr Cotero says that the new leadership, which was sworn in in December, is not addressing the disappearance crisis. According to Mr Cotero, the number of bodies found in burial pits in Guadalajara homes exceeds the official capacity to identify them. "We need to invest in [forensic] training," he argues. For the former forensic chief, Mexico's security crisis is also a personal tragedy. In July last year, his daughter, Indira Cotero, vanished without a trace. That month, police announced they were searching a Guadalajara property as part of the investigation. But Mr Cotero says nothing has been done since. "The worst thing is not knowing where she is," he said. "And the fact that nobody is looking."

মেক্সিকোর গুয়াদালাজারা শহরের সবুজে ছেয়ে থাকা শহরতলী লা এস্তান্সিয়া। সেখানে যে সমস্যা আছে তার ইঙ্গিত দেয় বাড়িগুলোর সামনে ঝোলানো 'বিক্রির জন্য' সাইনবোর্ডগুলো।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Monalisa Perez, now 20, was asked by Pedro Ruiz, 22, to fire a gun from a foot (30cm) away, believing a thick book he held in front of his chest would shield him. The bullet pierced the 1.5in book, fatally wounding Ruiz last June. Perez, a mother of two, later pleaded guilty to second-degree manslaughter. What are Perez's sentencing terms? Minnesota Judge Jeffrey Remick set out the terms agreed under plea bargaining on Wednesday. Perez will: The sentencing is below state guidelines but Norman County Attorney James Brue said "the reality [is] that this foolish stunt was dreamed up, planned and executed by Pedro Ruiz, and the defendant wrongfully and tragically relied on his assurances that the stunt was safe". What did the couple want to achieve? Perez and Ruiz had been documenting their everyday lives in Halstad, Minnesota, by posting videos of their pranks to a YouTube channel in a quest for internet fame. They had filmed some minor pranks, which seemed relatively harmless. And there was little indication of how far they were prepared to go in order to become online celebrities until the fatal stunt on 26 June 2017. On that day Perez fired a powerful Desert Eagle handgun from close range, as Ruiz held an encyclopaedia in front of his chest. He had experimented previously and thought the thick book would protect him, but the couple's three-year-old child and nearly 30 onlookers watched as she fired a fatal bullet. Perez called 911 to report she had accidentally shot her boyfriend. Ruiz was pronounced dead at the scene at their home. Perez was pregnant with their second child at the time of the shooting.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের আদালত এক নারীকে ছয় মাসের জেল দিয়েছে, কারণ ইউটিউবে ভিডিও ভাইরাল হবে এই আশায় তিনি তার বয়-ফ্রেন্ডের বুকে গুলি করেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Tabrez Ansari, 24, died days after being attacked by people who accused him of stealing a motorcycle in the eastern state of Jharkhand. A video showing Ansari pleading for his life, and being forced to say chants praising Hindu gods has been widely circulated on social media. His family alleges that police denied him treatment despite his injuries. His wife Shahista Parveen told the BBC that Ansari had been tied to an electricity pole overnight and only handed to police the next day who then arrested him for theft. He was transferred to a hospital four days later. She says he was beaten only after refusing to repeat the chants praising the Hindu gods. State police have denied wrongdoing. There have been several incidents of lynching reported in the state in recent years.

ভারতে এক মুসলিম যুবককে পিটিয়ে হত্যা করার দায়ে পাঁচজনকে গ্রেফতার করেছে পুলিশ।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Smiling and at times laughing, they introduce themselves one by one. They were found on Monday after nine days trapped deep in the cave by rising water, and have since received food and medical treatment. But their rescue may take months as they must either be taught to dive or wait for the water to recede. The concern is that the rainy season has only just begun, so water levels in the Tham Luang cave will almost certainly continue to rise. The video posted on the Thai Navy special forces Facebook page shows the team draped in foil blankets to keep them warm. Lit by torches and with divers sitting alongside, they each give their name and the traditional "wai" greeting, putting their palms together. Two other videos show the group having some light scratches treated by a military doctor. The boys are also again seen asking how soon food is coming. Written on a rock in the cave can be seen the name of the football team and of the navy unit involved in the rescue. Two Thai navy divers will be staying with the group underground from now on. Could the group swim out? "Now we are teaching the children to swim and dive," Thai Deputy Prime Minister Prawit Wongsuwan was quoted as saying by the Reuters news agency. A report in The Guardian says the boys are being trained to breathe through scuba masks. But a source inside the Thai navy diving team has told the BBC that taking the boys, few of whom can even swim, out through the narrow flooded passages is too risky. He said the journey in to where they were, deep in the caves, had exhausted even experienced divers. So they were seriously considering keeping the boys there for the full four or five months of the rainy season, he added. Some of the route involves squeezing through tight gaps underwater. In parts it is too narrow to wear an oxygen tank and the exits are not visible, so it would be easy for a child to panic. However, other Thai officials say they may need to bring the boys out quickly if water levels rise. Weather forecasts for the area are being closely monitored for heavy rain which could trigger further flooding. What are the trapped group having to endure? Before they were found, they would have lived in total darkness once any torch batteries had expired. However, the three basic conditions for survival were met: Oxygen may yet become a problem should the water level rise and the air pocket they are in get smaller. Unknown factors include the possibility of dangerous animals like snakes in the cave or of contamination from bat droppings. What rescue efforts are being made? Rescuers are trying to work out how best to bring them all to safety, with officials stressing they do not intend to take any risks with the boys' safety. At a news conference, officials said no rescue attempt would be made on Wednesday but conditions were perfect for a rehearsal. Water continues to be pumped out of the cave complex and officials have said they are confident they have been able to stop more water getting into the chamber the boys are in. Emergency teams are also trying to install a phone line so the group can talk to their families but attempts to do so failed on Tuesday. Outside the cave, medics are staging rehearsals in case the group can be brought out soon. Other teams are still scouring the mountainside in the hope of finding another way into - and out of - the cave. How did the group get trapped? The boys, aged between 11 and 16, and their 25-year-old coach went missing on 23 June. It is believed they entered the cave in northern Chiang Rai province when it was dry and that sudden heavy rains blocked the exit. It is thought they could at first move through parts of the cave in dry conditions but rushing waters clogged the narrow passages with mud and debris, blocking visibility and access. How were they found? They were finally reached by two British rescue divers late on Monday, nine days after they entered the caves. They were huddled on a rock shelf about 4km (2.5 miles) from the mouth of the cave. The video of that first contact was also posted on Facebook by Thai navy special forces. The boys are seen by torchlight sitting on a ledge above water, responding to the divers that all 13 are there and they are very hungry.

থাইল্যান্ডের একটি গুহায় আটকাপড়া ১২ জন কিশোর ফুটবলার এবং তাদের কোচের একটি নতুন ভিডিও বের হয়েছে - যাতে তারা বলছে যে তাদের শারীরিক অবস্থা ভালো আছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

That is the question facing officials in Japan, where a change of emperor is about to usher in a new era. Every emperor's reign has a name, or "gengo", which is used alongside the Western calendar to count years - so the choice is taken pretty seriously. As millions of Japanese wait for the big announcement on 1 April, here's a guide to the secretive selection process. What's the era name used for? There's a practical answer, and a philosophical one. The gengo appears on coins, newspapers, driving licences and official paperwork as a way of marking time. But it also represents the spirit of a period - just as saying "the 90s" or "the Victorian era" conjures up the culture and events of those times. Japan's emperor has no political power, but remains a highly symbolic figure. The current monarch is 85-year-old Emperor Akihito, and his era is known as "Heisei". It started in 1989, so 2019 is Heisei 31. The name means "achieving peace" and was chosen mindfully, reflecting a desire for good relations at home and overseas. The era before that was "Showa" ("enlightened harmony"), presided over by Japan's wartime emperor, Hirohito. Spanning 64 years, it encompassed both World War Two and Japan's post-conflict boom. One rumoured possibility for the new name is "Ankyu" ("peaceful and permanent") - but the word is a closely-guarded secret until its official unveiling. Senior officials have vowed to withdraw any choices leaked in media reports before the day itself. The new name is expected to embody Japanese ideals and aspirations, while also being easy to read and write. It's a lot to ask of two small characters. How is it chosen? Japan's cabinet will pick the name from a shortlist drawn up by scholars, after experts have weighed in on which is best. To guard against leaks, cabinet members will reportedly hand over their phones and smartwatches before meeting, and must stay in the decision-making room until the official proclamation is made. Era names typically come from Chinese classical texts, and are usually only revealed when one emperor has died and another has taken the Chrysanthemum Throne. Things are different this time because Emperor Akihito is abdicating in favour of his son, Crown Prince Naruhito - whose reign will start on 1 May. Companies and government agencies whose computer systems use gengo have taken steps to "era-proof" themselves against Japan's personal version of the Millennium Bug, but it is hoped releasing the name a month early will smooth the transition. According to news outlet Nikkei, the name-picking process has been rehearsed at least once a year for over 30 years, so officials are always primed for "The Day". When the favoured name has been chosen, the cabinet will adopt an ordinance on it, and the current emperor will sign it off. How many people use the gengo system? Its use is said to be declining as Japan opens up to global influence. A third of people mostly used the gengo system, compared to 82% in 1975, while 25% preferred the Western calendar, according to a recent survey in the Mainichi newspaper. Since both calendars use Western months, many people simply use them alongside each other. One man will be tied to the gengo model for the rest of his days and beyond, however: the outgoing emperor, Akihito. At the end of their reigns, Japan's emperors are renamed after their eras. So Akihito can expect to be known as Emperor Heisei, just as his father, Hirohito, was posthumously named Emperor Showa.

আপনার দেশের ভবিষ্যত বর্ণনা করার জন্য যদি একটি মাত্র শব্দ বেছে নিতে বলা হয়, সেটা কী হতে পারে?

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

He said the Revolutionary Guard - the elite unit responsible for the disaster - "maintained the security" of Iran. Widespread protests and criticism from abroad have put growing pressure on Iran over its handling of the incident. But the ayatollah tried to rally support as he led Friday prayers in Tehran for the first time since 2012. The Ukraine International Airlines Boeing 737-800 was travelling to Kyiv from Tehran on 8 January when it crashed shortly after take-off. All 176 passengers on board, including nationals from Iran, Canada, Sweden and the UK, were killed. The ayatollah called for "national unity" and said Iran's "enemies" - a reference to Washington and its allies - had used the shooting down of the plane to overshadow the killing of senior Iranian general Qasem Soleimani in a US drone strike. "Our enemies were as happy about the plane crash as we were sad," he said. "[They were] happy that they had found something to question the Guard and the armed forces." The Iranian authorities initially denied responsibility but, after international pressure mounted, the Revolutionary Guard admitted that the plane had been mistaken for a "cruise missile" during heightened tensions with the US. Hours before it was shot down, and in response to the killing of Soleimani, Iranian missiles targeted two airbases in Iraq that housed US forces. Washington initially said no US troops had been injured, but it later reported that 11 people had been treated for concussion after they showed symptoms days after the missile strikes. What else did the ayatollah say? Ayatollah Khamenei, 80, addressed the nation from the Mosalla mosque in the capital. The last time he did so was in 2012 on the 33rd anniversary of the country's Islamic Revolution. Leading Friday prayers in the capital is a symbolically significant act usually reserved for times when Iran's highest authority wishes to deliver an important message, says Mehdi Khalaji of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Historically, Iranian leaders have left this task to loyal clerics with strong oratorical skills, he adds. As well as defending the military, the ayatollah: In response, the US government's Special Representative for Iran, Brian Hook, said Iran would remain isolated "as long as the regime threatens the world". Defending his rule and his government Analysis by Kasra Naji, BBC Persian This sermon was an effort from Iran's supreme leader - who has come under heavy criticism in recent days - to defend his rule. He delivered part of his address in Arabic, calling on the Arab and Islamic world to drive the US out of the region. "The biggest punishment for the United States is its expulsion," he said. But his more immediate aim was to shore up his government after the Ukrainian passenger plane was shot down. The episode has weakened Ayatollah Khamenei's position at home. There have been protests up and down the country, with demonstrators shouting slogans and calling on him to step down. Today, the ayatollah accused the protesters of being influenced by foreign-based media. He also praised the Revolutionary Guard for bringing security to the country. But, ultimately, he seemed to have little new to say. As a result, he is unlikely to have won much support for the policies he has been pursuing. Many in Iran had hoped the ayatollah would change course and admit past mistakes. That was far from the case. What about the plane investigation? Canadian Foreign Minister François-Philippe Champagne is due to meet his Iranian counterpart, Javad Zarif, in Muscat, Oman, to discuss the investigation. Speaking on Friday, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced interim compensation of C$25,000 (£14,700) per victim for the families of Canadian citizens or permanent residents killed in the crash. He said Canada expected Iran to financially compensate all the families of the victims. "I have met them and they can't wait weeks. They need support now," he told reporters in Ottawa. It comes a day after Mr Champagne held talks in London with ministers of four other nations that lost citizens in the crash. Speaking on behalf of the group, he said on Thursday: "We are here to pursue closure, accountability, transparency and justice for the victims - Ukrainian, Swedish, Afghan, British, Canadian as well as Iranian, through a full, complete and transparent international investigation."

ভুল করে একটি যাত্রীবাহী বিমান ভূপাতিত করার ঘটনা স্বীকার করার পর ইরানের সামরিক বাহিনীর পক্ষেই সাফাই দিয়েছেন দেশটির সর্বোচ্চ নেতা আয়াতুল্লাহ আলি খামেনি।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

They include the brother and another relative of Masood Azhar, the founder of the group that claimed the attack. Pakistan, which has been under international pressure to crack down on militancy, said 44 suspected militants are in "preventative detention". Many feared the escalation of tensions could trigger a dangerous conflict. How did the latest tensions unfold? It began on 14 February when a suicide bomber killed more than 40 Indian soldiers in Indian-administered Kashmir. Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) said it carried out the attack - the deadliest to take place during a three-decade insurgency against Indian rule in Kashmir. On 26 February, India retaliated by carrying out air strikes on what it said was a JeM militant camp in Pakistan. Pakistan - which denies any involvement in the 14 February attack - said it had no choice but to respond and the day after the strike, a dogfight between the sides led to an Indian fighter jet being shot down in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. The fighter pilot, who was captured by Pakistan, was released on 1 March and arrived in India, where he has been hailed as a hero. The countries have retreated from the brink of further confrontation since then, but angry rhetoric has persisted. Indian politicians have hailed their strikes as successful and Prime Minister Narendra Modi has given rousing speeches at rallies, positioning himself as the protector of the country's borders. But new satellite images have raised questions over India's claim to have demolished JeM training camps in Pakistan. Images released by US firm Planet Labs appear to show a religious school run by JeM to be standing - even after the strike. Whether or not it is in fact linked to the militants cannot be independently verified, but the images show the site that India said it hit. What does Pakistan's latest move mean? Addressing the militant detentions, Pakistan's Interior Secretary Azam Suleman Khan told the BBC that if investigators find "evidence against them, they will be proceeded against," and if not they will be set free. JeM is designated a terror organisation by India and the UN, as well as the UK and the US. At least some of those held are thought to be named in an Indian dossier handed to the Pakistani authorities investigating last month's attack. The whereabouts of Masood Azhar, the JeM leader remains unclear. Analysts are also sceptical over whether these arrests will be an effective measure, as they were not accompanied by any investigation or signs of a serious crackdown on suspected militants. Some critics suggest the move is a symbolic gesture meant to defuse mounting international pressure. In the past suspected militants have circumvented attempts to rein them in. India accuses Pakistan of allowing militant groups to operate on its territory and says Pakistani security agencies played a role in the Kashmir attack -these are allegations Pakistan has consistently denied.

ভারত শাসিত কাশ্মীরের পুলওয়ামায় দেশটির নিরাপত্তা বাহিনীর উপর জঙ্গি হামলার প্রেক্ষাপটে নতুন করে উত্তেজনার সৃষ্টি হয় পারমাণবিক শক্তিধর দেশ ভারত ও পাকিস্তানের মধ্যে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The generals and their families are banned from entering the US. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said there was credible evidence that the generals were involved in the violent crackdown on the Rohingya minority in 2017, and that abuses were continuing. Myanmar's government and military condemned the sanctions. Brigadier General Zaw Min Tun told Reuters news agency that an army-led investigation into the 2017 violence was ongoing. But Mr Pompeo said the sanctions had been prompted in part by Commander-in-Chief Min Aung Hlaing's recent decision to release, after just a few months, soldiers convicted of extra judicial killings at the village of Inn Din in 2017. They spent less time behind bars than two Reuters journalists, Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oe, who had been investigating the massacre. The two reporters spent more than 16 months in prison on charges of obtaining state secrets before being released in an amnesty on 6 May. Correspondents say the military still wields considerable influence in Myanmar, also known as Burma. Mr Pompeo said: "We remain concerned that the Burmese government has taken no actions to hold accountable those responsible for human rights violations and abuses, and there are continued reports of the Burmese military committing human rights violations." He said the US was "the first government to publicly take action with respect to the most senior leadership of the Burmese military", and that there was "credible information of these commanders' involvement in gross violations of human rights". The BBC's Nick Beake in Myanmar says the ban is largely symbolic and could have gone further to include financial sanctions targeting military-owned assets. More than 700,000 Rohingyas fled Myanmar during the 2017 crackdown, amid reports of massacres, widespread rape and the burning of villages. The UN has said top military figures must be investigated for genocide. The Myanmar government has said the army was responding to attacks by Rohingya militants. For more on this story: The story of what happened at Inn Din village Blow by blow: How a 'genocide' was investigated Myanmar Rohingya: What you need to know about the crisis

মিয়ানমারের রাখাইনে রোহিঙ্গা মুসলমানদের মানবাধিকার লঙ্ঘনের অভিযোগে দেশটির শীর্ষ চারজন সামরিক কর্মকর্তার বিরুদ্ধে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আরোপ করেছে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Paul RinconScience editor, BBC News website, The Woodlands, Texas Though surface temperatures can soar above 400C, some craters at Mercury's poles are permanently in shadow, turning them into so-called cold traps. Previous work has revealed patches near Mercury's poles that strongly reflect radar - a characteristic of ice. Now, the Messenger probe has shown that these "radar-bright" patches line up precisely with the shadowed craters. Messenger is only the second spacecraft - after Mariner 10 in the 1970s - to have visited the innermost planet. Until Messenger arrived, large swathes of Mercury's surface had never been mapped. The bright patches were detected by ground-based radio telescopes in the 1990s, but as co-author Dr Nancy Chabot explained, "we've never had the imagery available before to see the surface where these radar-bright features are located." The researchers superimposed observations of radar bright patches by the Arecibo Observatory on the latest photos of Mercury's poles taken by the MDIS imaging instrument aboard Messenger. "MDIS images show that all the radar-bright features near Mercury's south pole are located in areas of permanent shadow," said Dr Chabot, from Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHUAPL). "Near Mercury's north pole such deposits are also seen only in shadowed regions, results consistent with the water-ice hypothesis." However, she cautions, this does not constitute proof, and for many craters, icy deposits would need to be covered by a thin layer (10-20cm) of insulating debris in order to remain stable. Maria Zuber, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), who is a co-investigator on the Messenger mission, told BBC News: "The most interesting interpretation of [the radar observations] is that they were due to water ice. "Sulphur had been proposed, there had also been some suggestion it was roughness - though there was no reason craters at the poles should be rougher than those at low latitudes." "The new data from Messenger... is strengthening the evidence that there is some sort of volatile there, and water-ice seems quite likely." She said information from several instruments on Messenger was currently being analysed in order to answer the ice conundrum: "I think this is a question that we can come to a definitive answer on, as opposed to 'we think it may be this'," the MIT researcher explained. On Wednesday, scientists from the Messenger mission published findings that Mercury had been geologically active for a long period in its history. Data from the probe shows that impact craters on the planet's surface were distorted by some geological process after they formed. The findings, reported in Science magazine, challenge long-held views about the closest world to the Sun. Scientists also presented a new model of Mercury's internal structure, which suggests the planet's huge inner core is encased in a shell of iron sulphide - a situation not seen on any other planet. Messenger was launched in 2004, and entered orbit around its target in March last year. Nasa recently announced that its mission would be extended until 2013. Paul.Rincon-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter

চাঁদের মাটিতে যে পানি আছে তা 'সুস্পষ্টভাবে' নিশ্চিত করেছে মার্কিন মহাকাশ সংস্থা নাসা।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The rare admission, from Director of China's National Health Commission Li Bin, comes after sustained criticism abroad of China's early response. The country will now improve its disease prevention, public health system and data collection, he says. China has offered to help North Korea fight the pandemic there. Mr Li told journalists the pandemic was a significant challenge for China's governance, and that it exposed "the weak links in how we address major epidemic and the public health system." China has been accused of responding too slowly to early signs of the virus in Wuhan, where the outbreak began, and failing to quickly alert the international community of the outbreak. China has rejected calls for an independent international investigation into the origins of the virus. In April an EU report accused China of spreading misinformation about the crisis. A doctor who tried to alert authorities about the virus in December was told to stop "making false comments". Li Wenliang later died from Covid-19 in hospital in Wuhan. China has 4,637 deaths from coronavirus, according to a tally by Johns Hopkins university, and nearly 84,000 cases. Globally more than 275,000 people have died, with nearly 4m confirmed cases. A rare admission Celia Hatton, BBC Asia Pacific Regional Editor It's rare for Chinese leaders to admit wrongdoing. Li Bin said the commission would fix the problems by centralising its systems and making better use of big data and artificial intelligence, building on many of the leadership's longstanding objectives. China has faced tough criticism, domestically and abroad, over its early handling of the virus. Several provincial and local officials from the ruling Communist Party have been sacked but no senior member of the Party has been punished. Beijing has not responded to calls to ease censorship and state control of the media. China has now offered to help North Korea, after North Korean leader Kim Jong-un congratulated Xi Jinping on its success in fighting Covid-19, Chinese state media report. North Korea says it has had no confirmed cases of coronavirus, something that is questioned by experts. The country has a fragile health system that would likely become overwhelmed in a serious outbreak.

চীনের গণমাধ্যমগুলোকে দেশটির একজন জ্যেষ্ঠ কর্মকর্তা বলেছেন, করোনাভাইরাস মহামারি একটি বড় পরীক্ষা যা চীনের জনস্বাস্থ্য ব্যবস্থার দুর্বলতাকে প্রকাশ করেছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Rebecca Henschke and Endang Nurdin BBC World Service Ali Fauzi was a key member of Jemaah Islamiyah, a militant group with links to al-Qaeda, which was responsible for Indonesia's worst attack - the 2002 Bali bombing that killed more than 200 people. "My brothers carried out the Bali bombing. It was huge bomb in the heart of the island's tourist district." The group went on to carry out a string of bombings in Indonesia. They were deadly attacks on major hotels and Western embassies. The seemingly sleepy village of Tenggulun in Lamongan, East Java was the group's base camp. Now Ali Fauzi's mission is very different. He works to help former jihadis leave a life of violence and to stop new recruits from joining the next wave of militant groups in South East Asia. "The reality is that it is much easier to recruit people to terrorist groups," he says. "They only have to pull a trigger and lots of people will join them but the process of deradicalisation takes time. It has to be done step by step." And his new mission has come at a high personal cost. "The threats against me are intense, it's not just verbal attacks but death threats. But, honestly, I am not scared because I know what I am doing is right. I am ready and prepared to die doing this." It was videos of foreign wars - in Afghanistan, Bosnia and the Palestinian Territories, watched on mobile phones from their quiet Javanese village - that motivated Ali Fauzi and his brothers to join militant groups. "We saw videos of the brutal attacks on civilians. I wanted to carry out jihad to protect the Muslim people from the bullies. With young, hot blood I wanted to fight back." While his brothers went to fight alongside the mujahideen, in Afghanistan, Ali Fauzi stayed closer to home, joining Islamic militants fighting for a Muslim homeland in the southern Philippines. "I really wanted to die there. I imagined my own death all the time," he says. "I believed that if I was killed in battle I would go straight to heaven and be met by angels there. That's what our mentors told us every day." When his brothers returned from Afghanistan, they put into practice what they had learnt abroad. In October 2002, they were among a group that detonated two bombs targeting nightclubs in the Kuta area of Bali, the island popular with international tourists. "I saw it on TV and I was shocked, there were so many dead bodies," says Ali Fauzi. "It led the authorities right to us." Two of his brothers, Ali Ghufron and Amrozi, were executed while his third, Ali Imron, is behind bars for life. Ali Fauzi, who insists he was not involved in the Bali bombing, spent three years in jail for other terror-related offences. That's when his life took on a dramatically new direction. "Police treated me very humanely. If they had tortured me then maybe seven generations after me would be fighting the Indonesian government," he says. "I hated the police, we thought of them as Satan. That's what we were taught. But the reality was completely different. That's when my whole perspective completely changed." He also met victims of bombings his group had carried out. "I cried. My heart melted, seeing the horrific effect our bombs had. That's what made me really want to change from an agent of war to become a warrior for peace." As the evening call to prayer rings out across the Tenggulun village, prayer mats are rolled out in a square at the side of the village's main mosque. They are just next to the office of Circle of Peace, the foundation Ali Fauzi set up in 2016 to divert people away from extremism. The prayer event tonight is led by two bomb victims, guests of honour in this village which was once the base camp for the militant groups that carried out the attacks that destroyed their lives. "I often bring victims to the community," Ali Fauzi says, "as meeting them was the thing that destroyed my ego." On the screen on the side of the stage a graphic video shows the aftermath of all the bombs in Indonesia. It's an extraordinary meeting. In the audience are police who arrested members of this community, as well as those who have served time in jail on terrorism offences. They are listening to the victims of the bombing talk, through tears, about the pain they have suffered. In the audience is 33-year-old Zulia Mahendra. He was a teenager when his father, Amrozi, was arrested, sentenced to death and then later executed for the Bali bombing. Amrozi was dubbed the "smiling assassin" by the media because he showed no remorse during the trial, grinning throughout and defiant to his death. Crossing divides A season of stories about bringing people together in a fragmented world. After the meeting, Mahendra greets the two bomb victims. They hug and hold hands, and he repeatedly says sorry. "I want to say sorry, not because I am wrong. But he was my father and these are the victims of my family's actions. I have a responsibility to say sorry, on behalf of my father." Mahendra, too, has gone through an astonishing transformation. "When my father was executed, I wanted revenge. I wanted to learn how to make bombs too," he admits. "But over time and with guidance from my uncles - Ali Fauzi and Ali Imron - they made me realise it was the wrong thing to do. And I joined their project to help other terrorists change." "How I became who I am today was a very, very long journey," says Mahendra. "But I came to a place where I understood that jihad is not killing people or fighting, it can mean working hard for your family." One night, Mahendra says, he looked tearfully at his sleeping child and thought about his father. "I didn't want my child to have to go through what I have. If I continued on my father's path, my child too would be abandoned. I knew that the right jihad was to look after them - to protect them." But he says he has friends who have joined splinter militant groups in Indonesia, loosely linked to the Islamic State (IS) group. "There are lots of reasons why a person goes in that direction - their economic situation, not having anything to do... what they are taught and who they are influenced by." Ali Fauzi knocks at the door of the Lamongan jail. This is a familiar place for him, having come here many times to meet family members serving time but also to work with new inmates to try and turn their life around. "My deradicalisation work is not based on theory. It's from life experience. I was a fighter and a terrorist, so I come into the cells as a friend." But he faces resistance and is viewed by some as a traitor for working with the police. "They say that I am even more of a kafir [unbeliever] than the police or jail guards. I regularly face online abuse and threatening phone calls. But it's okay. I can handle it," he says with a smile. "Out of the 98 people we have worked with since 2016, two have come out of jail and gone straight back to their militant ways." "Deradicalisation is not easy because you are dealing with people's emotions and way of thinking, you have to give them the right medicine. And sometimes we get it wrong." Sometimes they get it right. Sumarno, he says, is one of his success stories. He takes me to a dry field, at the side of the road outside the village. It was here that Sumarno says he hid weapons belonging to Jemaah Islamiyah, after the Bali bombing. After serving a three-year jail sentence, Ali Fauzi helped Sumarno set up a small business - a travel company offering pilgrimage packages to Mecca. "Now I want to give back to society," says Sumarno. "With this travel company, I hope that I can leave a life of violence behind me." Sitting in his smart air-conditioned office in Paciran, a 20-minute drive from the village, he says he was nervous at first about telling his clients about his violent past, even careful not to say which village he was from. But now he starts the tour with what he calls his story of redemption. "I say I am the cousin of Ali Gufron and Amrozi who were executed for carrying out the Bali bombings. I tell them: 'I was part of their group. But thanks be to Allah I have been healed from that rotten way of thinking. And I am your tour guide to Mecca.'" In a room at the side of the village mosque, an after-school club takes place. Children dressed in colourful clothes recite the Koran. Some of their parents are behind bars on terrorism charges. The teachers include Ali Fauzi's wife, Lulu, and Zumrottin Nisa, who is married to Ali Imron. "We stress to them that not everyone believes the same thing," says Lulu. "That there are people in our community who are non-Muslim and we have to treat them with respect as long as they don't try to interfere with our faith." But she says they haven't convinced everyone. "There are those for and against our new mission. Those that are still militant don't like us now. They stay away from us," she says. "We used to be one group with the same mission but we changed after the Bali bombing killed so many innocent people, many of them Muslims. There are others who haven't changed." In May last year, a family of suicide bombers attacked three churches in East Java. The father went after one, his teenage sons went after another, and his wife and two daughters, age 12 and nine, blew themselves up at the third. The attackers were part of the Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) network, which is loosely linked to IS. JAD has carried out a series of lone wolf attacks against Indonesian security forces and religious minorities. The most recent was a knife attack, by a young couple, against the country's top security officer, Wiranto. In the Circle of Peace office, Lulu Fauzi says she is shocked women are taking such an active part. "My husband is working hard to make sure former terrorism inmates don't go back. He is bringing them together and he has been able to turn around many people. "But many people are still radical. We can never really wipe it out," she says. As we drive through the village, Ali Fauzi's phone is constantly ringing. He takes a call from someone who has recently been released, having served time on terrorism charges. The person needs help getting housing. Another call is from a mother whose son is being questioned by the police. "Dozens of people from our community went to fight with the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq," he says. "Not long ago, a member of IS was detained by the police here. So militant groups still exist and they still threaten Indonesia." Now he's on the side of what he describes as a battle against extremism and intolerance. "If we work hard and involve the whole community, then I am still hopeful that we can win this war."

“আমি একজন দক্ষ বোমা প্রস্তুতকারক। আমি পাঁচ মিনিটের মধ্যে একটা বোমা বানিয়ে ফেলতে পারি।''

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Tatsiana MelnichukBBC News Russian, Minsk A 25-year-old man died in custody after he was detained on Sunday. His mother said he had been held in a police van for hours. A street very close to my home in Minsk was at the heart of one of the confrontations between police and protesters this week. Stun grenades went off and people screamed as riot police struck them with batons. The screams were so loud that they drowned out the sound of the grenades. Defiance and anger The protests are unprecedented in their scale as people in dozens of cities, towns and even villages rise up and call for the main opposition figure, Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, to be recognised as the winner of Sunday's presidential election. I watched as young men and women ran for safety past my windows, taking a break from the clashes before returning to face the police. My female neighbours are trying to stop their sons and husbands from joining the nightly protests, worried for their safety. Some 7,000 people have been detained and you don't have to be protesting to be arrested. My friend's son, a university lecturer, was detained randomly before the elections and spent three days in a cell. The detainee who died in Gomel in southern Belarus, Alexander Vikhor, had been on his way to see his girlfriend, according to his mother. The interior ministry insists its measures are "adequate" and points out that more than 100 police have been injured and 28 treated in hospital. There have been deliberate attempts by drivers to run over traffic police and "law enforcers have used weapons" to stop them, it says. People here are angry: with police, authorities and above all President Alexander Lukashenko. No-one I have spoken to has any support for what police are doing. They watch the Belarusian leader speaking on TV and laugh at him. They wonder what he thinks will happen next and how he will live with himself. Shouting from balconies A friend tried to travel across Minsk, which is difficult now as several metro stations in the centre are closed. When she complained to metro staff on the platform, they apologised and blamed the situation on Mr Lukashenko. He has dismissed the majority of protesters as being jobless or having a criminal past and has instructed the government to find jobs for them. Police have started going around the courtyards outside blocks of flats, grabbing anyone they can lay their hands on, including teenagers who were not even protesting. And this has angered people further. Belarusians have shouted from their balconies, swearing and screaming at police to go away. Police have responded by firing rubber bullets at the balconies. Women have been running up to riot police, imploring them to be civil, begging them to stop their attacks. There have been crackdowns before - in 2006 and 2010, although the protests were smaller in scale. But the level of brutality is shocking and new. Protesters and often passers-by have been targeted by people clad in black, wearing balaclavas and with no insignia or uniform. This happened to a BBC team too. Although people here are defiant, they are also worried for the future. Further sanctions on Belarus would push up prices in a country where salaries are already low. There is also the fear of losing your job if you are identified as backing the protests. No leadership for exiled opposition But there is a fearlessness too among the largely young protesters. These are mainly ordinary Belarusians, not the hardened opposition supporters we have seen in previous protests, and they have no clear leader. The old opposition has gone. Some who stood against the president or campaigned for democracy are behind bars, others have fled into exile. So far the new generation of protesters have no clear demands or political programme, only slogans: "Go away! Long live Belarus! Release the prisoners!" Svetlana Tikhanovskaya herself was not an opposition leader but a stay-at-home mother whose straightforward approach symbolised people's desire for change. But she too has gone. There is still leadership and community here, however. A crowdfunding initiative has collected over $1m (£765,000) for the wounded and for detainees: for food, lawyers' fees and fines. The protests were quieter on Wednesday night and Belarusians are now looking to stage walkouts in their workplaces. Some staff in factories and academic institutes have gone on strike, demanding an end to the violence and calling for Ms Tikhanovskaya to be recognised as the election winner.

বেলারুশে বিক্ষোভকারীদের ওপর পুলিশি নির্মমতার যে ছবি প্রতিদিন প্রকাশিত হচ্ছে, তা দেশটির জনগণকে রীতিমত স্তম্ভিত করেছে। প্রথমে এসব ঘটছিল কেবল রাস্তায়, যেখানে বিক্ষোভকারীদের সঙ্গে পুলিশের সংঘর্ষ চলছে। এরপর যাদের পুলিশ ধরে নিয়ে বিভিন্ন বন্দীশালায় আটকে রেখেছে, তাদের ওপর নিষ্ঠুরতার নানা বিবরণও ছড়িয়ে পড়ছে প্রতিদিন। বিবিসি নিউজ রাশানের সাংবাদিক তাতসিয়ানা মেলনিচুকের বর্ণনায় বেলারুশের এই গণবিক্ষোভ:

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By News from Elsewhere......as found by BBC Monitoring Oksana Zotova, who runs a beauty salon in the city of Magnitogorsk, won the Miss Sensuality prize at the contest, and attracted a wave of criticism after an anonymous account on Russian social news aggregator Pikabu revealed that she was the wife of a priest. Once religious authorities in the diocese got wind of the story, Sergei Zotov was promptly dismissed from his post at Magnitogorsk's Cathedral of the Ascension of Christ. He must now ply his trade in the village of Fershampenuaz, around 65 kilometres away from Magnitogorsk, and with population of just 4,000. The village was named in honour of Cossacks who fought against Napoleon in the battle of Fère-Champenoise in 1814. The diocese of Magnitogorsk was not entertained by the exploits of Fr Sergei's wife. Archpriest Feodor Saprykin, chair of the diocesan court, declared that "it is a great sin when the wife of a priest exposes herself for show". He ruled that Sergei Zotov "will not be rehabilitated until his wife repents". "What kind of a priest is he if he cannot control his own family?" he questioned. "How does he intend to control his congregation?" 'Unacceptable behaviour' The anonymous Pikabu post also claimed that this was not the first example of her "outrageous behaviour". Father Lev Baklitsky of the Magnitogorsk diocese confirmed that after one beach holiday Mrs Zotova posted photographs of herself in a swimsuit and that she deleted the pictures after being told off. He called this behaviour "without doubt unacceptable" and confirmed that Father Zotov's posting was "a temporary measure so that he comes to his senses". For his part, Father Sergei admitted that he made a mistake and described his posting as "quite a merciful punishment". But he complained that his wife received abusive comments on social media and hit out at those who fanned the story online. 'Just ordinary people' The story has gripped Russia, featuring in many news outlets and online forums. Some users were not impressed with the priest and his wife. "This is all you need to know about the wives of priests. And priests themselves as well. They preach one thing and practise something else," one person lashed out. You might also be interested in: But many others scoffed at the church's decision and came out in support of the clergy couple. "Why shouldn't she enjoy her life? Are there really people who still believe that priests are pure of sin? They're just ordinary people with a good job, " said the most-liked comment on the Pikabu post. "Have I missed something, what's the problem?" another person asked. "Where in the Bible does it say that priests can't have a pretty wife?" Komsomolskaya Pravda conveyed another user's sarcasm directed at the "holier-than-thou who have nothing to do during Lent but to look for motes in others' eyes, even if they are covered in make-up". Reporting by Francis Scarr and Krassi Twigg Next story: First public HK facility for lost foetuses Use #NewsfromElsewhere to stay up-to-date with our reports via Twitter.

রাশিয়ার উরাল এলাকার একজন অর্থোডক্স যাজককে শাস্তি হিসাবে প্রত্যন্ত একটি গ্রামে বদলি করা হয়েছে, কারণ লেন্ট চলার সময় তার স্ত্রী একটি সুন্দরী প্রতিযোগিতায় অংশ নিয়েছিলেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

But it criticised the indefinite nature of the ban as beyond the scope of Facebook's normal penalties. It has ordered Facebook to review the decision and "justify a proportionate response" that is applied to everyone, including ordinary users. The former president was banned from both sites in January following the Capitol Hill riots. The Oversight Board said the initial decision to permanently suspend Mr Trump was "indeterminate and standardless", and that the correct response should be "consistent with the rules that are applied to other users of its platform". Facebook must respond within six months, it said. At a press conference, co-chair Helle Thorning-Schmidt admitted: "We did not have an easy answer." She added that she felt Facebook would "appreciate the decision". "We are telling Facebook to go back and be more transparent about how it assesses these things. Treat all users the same and don't give arbitrary penalties." In response, Facebook said it would "consider the board's decision and determine an action that is clear and proportionate". The board also made a number of recommendations about how Facebook should improve its policies and the social network promised to "carefully review" these. The Board was due to announce its decision last month but delayed the ruling in order to review more than 9,000 public responses to cases, it said. In the meantime, Mr Trump, who is also banned from Twitter, launched a new website on Tuesday to update supporters with his thoughts. Following the ruling, Mr Trump wrote that "what Facebook, Twitter, and Google have done is a total disgrace". "Free speech has been taken away from the President of the United States because the radical left lunatics are afraid of the truth," he said, referring to himself as president. "The people of our country will not stand for it! These corrupt social media companies must pay a political price, and must never again be allowed to destroy and decimate our electoral process," he said. The administration of Mr Trump's successor, Democratic President Joe Biden, declined to comment on Facebook's ruling on Wednesday. But White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki said it was President Biden's view that "major platforms have a responsibility related to the health and safety of all Americans to stop amplifying untrustworthy content, disinformation and misinformation". What did the Board say? The ruling means that Mr Trump's suspension remains in place for now. The Oversight Board decided that Mr Trump had broken Facebook's community standards, and upheld the ban. But it is the "indefinite" part of the ban that it took issue with because that is not within its own rules. "It is not permissible for Facebook to keep a user off the platform for an undefined period, with no criteria for when or whether the account will be restored," it said in a statement. Applying that type of ban to Mr Trump was not following any clear procedure, it said. The Board argued that Facebook had essentially issued "a vague, standardless penalty and then [referred] this case to the Board to resolve". It said doing so meant "Facebook seeks to avoid its responsibilities" - and sent the decision back to Facebook. Co-chair Michael McConnell justified the timeframe saying that it was a decision "not to be rushed" and admitted that the firm may decide to throw it back to the Oversight Board yet again. Setting up a "Supreme Court" to rule on tricky issues seemed like a smart move by Mark Zuckerberg. Whatever the Oversight Board decided, Facebook's boss could say "not my fault, blame the judges". But that's unlikely to wash here. There can be no more divisive issue than President Trump's presence on a platform credited or blamed by many for his electoral success in 2016 and probably crucial if he decides to run again in 2024. Now, the Oversight Board has thrown the hot potato right back into Mr Zuckerberg's lap. He and his team have been told to go away and have a long hard think about how they handle tricky cases like this one. They will have to decide the meaning of the term "newsworthy" and conduct a proper inquest into the platform's role in the events of 6 January. And at the end of it all, Facebook will still have to decide what to do about Donald Trump. Mark Zuckerberg could be forgiven for wondering whether setting up this body was such a good idea after all - and why he is paying the generous salaries of the board's members. What is the Oversight Board? Often referred to as "Facebook's Supreme Court", it was set up to rule on difficult or controversial moderation decisions made by Facebook. It was established by Facebook boss Mark Zuckerberg but operates as an independent entity, although its wages and other costs are covered by Facebook. It is made up of journalists, human rights activists, lawyers and academics. The committee has already ruled on nine cases including a comment that seemed derogatory to Muslims. The post from a user in Myanmar, removed for breaking hate-speech rules, was found by the board not to be Islamophobic when taken in context. What happened to Trump's account? Following the Capitol Hill riots on 6 January, Facebook announced it was banning Mr Trump for breaking its "glorification of violence" rules. Hundreds of his supporters entered the complex as the US Congress attempted to certify Joe Biden's victory in last year's presidential election. Mr Trump was acquitted of a charge of inciting insurrection at the US Capitol in his second impeachment trial in February, after being accused of encouraging the violence, during which four people lost their lives. The social network had originally imposed a 24-hour ban after the attack which was then extended "indefinitely". Mr Zuckerberg announced that the risks of allowing Mr Trump to post were "simply too great". The former president has also been banned from Twitter and YouTube. Correction 25 May 2021: An earlier version of this article said that five people had died in the violence during the Capitol Hill riots on 6 January and this has been amended to make clear that four people died, in different circumstances.

ফেসবুকের পর টুইটার এবং ইনস্টাগ্রামকে ব্লক করার নির্দেশ দিয়েছে মিয়ানমারের কর্তৃপক্ষ।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The place and date of death were unclear. The Pentagon did not comment. Bin Laden, thought to be aged about 30, had released audio and video messages calling for attacks on the US and other countries. As recently as February, the US government offered $1m (£825,000) for information leading to his capture. His death was widely reported by US media outlets including NBC News, the New York Times and CNN, citing unnamed US intelligence officials. Bin Laden was seen as an emerging leader of al-Qaeda. The reports say he was killed in a military operation in the last two years and the US government was involved, but the exact date and time were unclear. President Donald Trump declined to comment when questioned by reporters on Wednesday, as did the White House national security adviser, John Bolton. There was no confirmation from al-Qaeda. Supporters of the Islamist militant group have urged caution over the reports and are awaiting an official announcement from its leaders, according to analysts at BBC Monitoring. Who was Hamza Bin Laden? Hamza Bin Laden was officially designated by the US as a global terrorist two years ago. He was widely seen as a potential successor to his father. He was believed to have been under house arrest in Iran, although other reports suggest he may have been based near the Afghan-Pakistani border. He is thought to have been born in Jeddah in Saudi Arabia before spending years with his mother in Iran. The US state department says Bin Laden married the daughter of Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah, or Abu Muhammad al-Masri, who was indicted for his alleged involvement in the 1998 bombings of the US embassies in Tanzania and Kenya. In 2011, US special forces killed his father, Osama, in a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. He had approved the attacks on the US on 11 September 2001, in which nearly 3,000 people were killed. The US state department says documents seized in that raid suggest Hamza Bin Laden was being groomed to take over the leadership of al-Qaeda. A video of his wedding was found among thousands of other documents. In 2017, a leaked message from Bin Laden to his family reportedly informed them that his 12-year-old son had been killed. The circumstances of his son's death were unclear. In recent years, al-Qaeda released 11 audio messages from Bin Laden in which he threatened the US, called for attacks to avenge his father's death and encouraged jihadist action in Syria. In March 2018, in his last known public statement, he called on the people of the Arabian Peninsula to revolt. Saudi Arabia stripped him of his citizenship in March. Al-Qaeda's status was undermined during the past decade as the Islamic State group rose to prominence. A son brought up to hate America By Chris Buckler, BBC News It is a sign of how little is known about Hamza Bin Laden that US officials were never able to definitively confirm his age. In recent months they had floated suggestions that he might be in Afghanistan, Pakistan or Iran. But they could not even say for sure in which country one of America's "most wanted" was hiding. The million-dollar price tag for information was a measure not just of the potential danger he posed but also his symbolic importance to al-Qaeda and its propaganda machine. Bin Laden was only a child when his father helped plot the 9/11 attacks but, according to the extremist group's legend, he was by his side at the time. For a son brought up to hate America, avenging his killing at the hands of special forces was always going to be an obsession. In recent years he sent online messages calling for attacks against the US and its allies. Bin Laden's death, if officially confirmed, will silence someone who was emerging as a new voice of Al-Qaeda. However it will not end the threat from an organisation that carried out the world's most notorious terror attack. Al-Qaeda: The basics

মার্কিন গোয়েন্দা সংস্থা জানিয়েছে, আল কায়েদার প্রতিষ্ঠাতা ওসামা বিন লাদেনের ছেলে হামজা মারা গেছেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The slaughter was in retaliation for a local man thought to have been killed by one animal from the site. Officials and police said they were not able to stop the attack and may now press charges. The killing of a protected species is a crime that carries a fine or imprisonment in Indonesia. The local villager was killed on Friday morning while gathering vegetables on the crocodile farm's breeding sanctuary. "An employee heard someone screaming for help, quickly went there and saw a crocodile attacking someone," the head of Indonesia's Natural Resources Conservation Agency in West Papua said. After the funeral on Saturday, several hundred angry locals went to the sanctuary, armed with knives, shovels, hammers and clubs. Local media cite officials saying the mob first attacked the office of the crocodile farm and then went on to slaughter all 292 reptiles at the sanctuary. The farm was operating on a licence to breed protected saltwater and New Guinea crocodiles both for preservation and to harvest some of the animals.

ইন্দোনেশিয়ার ওয়েস্ট পাপুয়া প্রদেশের একটি গ্রামের ক্ষুব্ধ অধিবাসীরা তিনশোটির মতো কুমিরকে মেরে ফেলেছে। এসব কুমির ছিলো সেখানকার একটি অভয়ারণ্যে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Speak to those on the street about what is happening in Rakhine state and you will not hear the word "Rohingya". The minority is described as "Bengalis", reflecting a mainstream perception that members of the Rohingya group are foreigners - immigrants from Bangladesh, with different culture and language. What is seen by many internationally as a human rights issue is viewed in Myanmar as one of national sovereignty, and there is widespread support for military operations in northern Rakhine. Newspapers carry the government's account, which is that the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (Arsa) attacked Burmese security forces on 25 August. In response, the army, also known as Tatmadaw, launched military operations in the conflict-torn Maungdaw region in Rakhine. 'Long-held animosity' Most Burmese view international media coverage as one-sided, putting too much emphasis on the Rohingya, and failing to adequately cover the plight of others in Rakhine who have fled violence in their villages. Media access to affected areas in Rakhine is heavily restricted, preventing foreign journalists from travelling there freely and verifying accounts. Local media has focused on "terrorist attacks" and on evacuations of non-Rohingya who have been internally displaced by the conflict. One headline, in the Myawaddy Daily, reads: "Notice on Arsa extremist Bengali terrorists' plans to attack major cities". Another, on the Eleven news website, is similar: "Arsa extremist Bengali terrorists attack security forces in Maungdaw Township". The reports say that it is militant groups who are are burning villages, as opposed to the army, and there is no mention of the many Rohingya asylum seekers fleeing into Bangladesh. The use of the term "terrorist" is enforced by Myanmar's Information Committee, which has issued warnings to the media to ensure they comply. Misleading or fake news and images on social media has only served to sow further division. The animosity towards the Rohingya is nothing new in Myanmar, but rather is borne out of a long-held prejudice towards the minority, who are not seen as citizens of Myanmar. The Rohingya, who speak a dialect distinct to others spoken in Rakhine state, are not considered one of Myanmar's 135 official ethnic groups. Nationalist groups have pushed the idea that Rohingya Muslims are a threat, as Muslim men can have four wives and many children. Many of those in Rakhine fear they will take over their land one day as their population grows. The animosity becomes quickly apparent from talking to ordinary people. "They don't get education and have no job. They make a lot of kids," one woman in her 30s told me on the street. "If you neighbour has a lot of kids and making noise next door, would you like it." "I think those people are problematic. They are bad. I don't like them," another woman, who works as a maid, says. But she adds that "we can't clap by one palm", meaning she knows there are two sides to the story. Of course there are still some who are sympathetic to the plight of the Rohingya, even if they are less vocal. "I think many Bengali Muslims died," a taxi driver said. "I think government troops killed a lot of them because some places are isolated. I think the UN should also get involved."

সারা বিশ্বের সংবাদ মাধ্যমে যখন রোহিঙ্গা মুসলিমদের ওপর মিয়ানমারের বাহিনীর নিপীড়নের নিন্দা ক্রমশ বাড়ছে, কিন্তু দেশটির প্রধান শহর ইয়াঙ্গনে পুরো ব্যাপারটাই দেখা হচ্ছে একেবারে অন্যভাবে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Katie SilverHealth reporter, BBC News Almost all of these deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries, where pollution could account for up to a quarter of deaths. Bangladesh and Somalia were the worst affected. Air pollution had the biggest impact, accounting for two-thirds of deaths from pollution. Brunei and Sweden had the lowest numbers of pollution-related deaths. Most of these deaths were caused by non-infectious diseases linked to pollution, such as heart disease, stroke and lung cancer. "Pollution is much more than an environmental challenge - it is a profound and pervasive threat that affects many aspects of human health and wellbeing," said the study's author, Prof Philip Landrigan, of the Icahn School of Medicine, at Mount Sinai in New York. The biggest risk factor, air pollution, contributed to 6.5 million premature deaths. This included pollution from outdoor sources, such as gases and particulate matter in the air, and in households, from burning wood or charcoal indoors. The next largest risk factor, water pollution, accounted for 1.8 million deaths, while pollution in the workplace was linked to 800,000 deaths globally. About 92% of these deaths occurred in poorer countries, with the greatest impact felt in places undergoing rapid economic development such as India, which had the fifth highest level of pollution deaths, and China, which had the 16th. UK faring worse In the UK, about 8% or 50,000 deaths are estimated to be linked to pollution. This puts the UK in 55th place out of the 188 countries measured, placing them behind the US and many European countries, including Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Denmark. Dr Penny Woods, of the British Lung Foundation, said: "Air pollution is reaching crisis point worldwide, and the UK is faring worse than many countries in Western Europe and the US. "A contributing factor could be our dependence on diesel vehicles, notorious for pumping out a higher amount of poisonous particles and gases. "These hit people with a lung condition, children and the elderly hardest." The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) said a £3 billion plan had been put in place to improve air quality and reduce harmful emissions. A spokesman said: "We will also end the sale of new diesel and petrol cars by 2040, and next year we will publish a comprehensive Clean Air Strategy which will set out further steps to tackle air pollution." Mike Hawes from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders said the latest diesel cars were the cleanest in history. He said the biggest change to air quality would be achieved "by encouraging the uptake of the latest, lowest emission technologies and ensuring road transport can move smoothly". In the United States, more than 5.8% - or 155,000 - deaths could be linked to pollution. The authors said air pollution affected the poor disproportionately, including those in poor countries as well as poor people in wealthy countries. Study author Karti Sandilya, from Pure Earth, a non-governmental organisation, said: "Pollution, poverty, poor health, and social injustice are deeply intertwined. "Pollution threatens fundamental human rights, such as the right to life, health, wellbeing, safe work, as well as protections of children and the most vulnerable." The results were the product of a two-year project. The authors have published an interactive map illustrating their data.

বিজ্ঞান সাময়িকী ল্যানসেট বলছে ২০১৫ সালে বিশ্বব্যাপী ৯০ লাখ মানুষ দূষণের শিকার হয়ে প্রাণ হারিয়েছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Around 50,000 people gathered for what Mr Trump called a "profoundly historic event" on Sunday in Houston. The "Howdy, Modi!" event was billed as one of the largest ever receptions of a foreign leader in the US. Mr Modi, however, may face a frostier reception at the UN General Assembly. He is likely to face criticism over tensions in Indian-administered Kashmir, which he stripped of its special status last month, promising to restore the region to its "past glory". The region has been in lockdown for more than a month with thousands of activists, politicians and business leaders detained. Trade talks and the UN General Assembly are on the Indian prime minister's agenda during his week-long visit to the United States. Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan, who has been the most vocal international leader to oppose India's Kashmir move, is also in the US for the UN conference. Like Mr Modi, he will have a one-on-one meeting with Mr Trump on the sidelines of the summit. A 90-minute show, featuring 400 performers, warmed up the crowd before Mr Modi and Mr Trump shared the stage. "I'm so thrilled to be here in Texas with one of America's greatest, most devoted and most loyal friends, Prime Minister Modi of India," Mr Trump told the crowd. In his speech, Mr Modi said India has a "true friend" in the White House, describing Mr Trump as "warm, friendly, accessible, energetic and full of wit". "From CEO to commander-in-chief, from boardrooms to the Oval Office, from studios to the global stage… he has left a lasting impact everywhere," Mr Modi said. Personal-touch diplomacy played to perfection Brajesh Upadhyay, BBC News, Houston This was exactly the kind of crowd size and energy President Trump loves at his rallies. Only here the chants were for Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Mr Trump was the superstar invited to the party. But the crowd did not disappoint him either and greeted him with chants of "USA!", most heard at Trump rallies. The personal-touch diplomacy with Mr Modi's trademark bear hugs was played to perfection. This rally has been called a win-win for both the leaders. For President Trump, it was a chance to court Indian-Americans for the 2020 presidential election race where Texas could emerge as a battleground state. For Mr Modi, a PR triumph and picture with the president of the United States may help him shrug off the criticism over his recent strong-arm polices at home. Houston's NRG Stadium, where the event was hosted, was the first stop for Mr Modi, whose Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won a landslide victory in this year's Indian elections. Greeted by a standing ovation, Mr Trump used his speech to heap praise on Mr Modi, who he said was doing a "truly exceptional job for India" and its people. Mr Trump also paid tribute to the Indian-American community, telling them "we are truly proud to have you as Americans". The US has a population of about 4 million Indians who are seen as an increasingly important vote bank in the country. Apart from Mr Trump, organisers also invited Democrats to the event - House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer was among those who spoke. The 2010 US census shows that Texas is home to the fourth-largest Indian-American population in the country after California, New York and New Jersey. Analysis of voting patterns shows the community tends overwhelmingly to support the Democrat party. No stranger to nationalist rhetoric himself, Mr Trump compared security at the US-Mexico border to the tensions between India and Pakistan in the tinderbox Kashmir region. "Both India and US also understand that to keep our communities safe, we must protect our borders," Trump said. In India, the rally was closely watched, with most mainstream media outlets running live news updates of what was transpiring on stage. The event had been making headlines for days before as well. On Twitter, many people shared instant analysis and opinions of what was taking place on the stage with the sentiment being overwhelmingly positive. Many praised Mr Modi for what they saw as his statesmanship and diplomatic acumen with a lot of praise coming in for the US president as well.

মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প ও ভারতের প্রধানমন্ত্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদী যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের টেক্সাসে এক জনসভায় অংশগ্রহণ করে একে অন্যের ভূয়সী প্রশংসা করেছেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Another 70 people had sentences commuted, ahead of Joe Biden's inauguration at noon (17:00 GMT). Rapper Lil Wayne received a pardon and there were commutations for rapper Kodak Black and former Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick. The president has not issued preemptive pardons for himself or family members. He can still issue more pardons on Wednesday morning, as he remains president until Mr Biden takes the oath of office outside the US Capitol. The inauguration ceremony will be tight on security following the recent breach of the Capitol by violent pro-Trump protesters. It will also be stripped of crowds due to the coronavirus pandemic. Who are the key recipients of clemency? A statement from the White House listed the 73 individuals who had received pardons and the 70 who had their sentences commuted. Although many on the list are conventional examples of convicts whose cases have been championed by rights activists and supporters in the community, others maintain the president's trend of focusing on allies. Steve Bannon was a key strategist and adviser to President Trump during his 2016 campaign. He was charged in August last year with fraud over a fundraising campaign to build a wall on the US-Mexico border to stem illegal immigration, a key plank of Mr Trump's 2016 presidential campaign. Prosecutors said Mr Bannon and three others defrauded hundreds of thousands of donors in connection with the "We Build the Wall" campaign, which pledged to use donations to build segments of the barrier and raised $25m (£18m). It was alleged Mr Bannon received more than $1m, at least some of which he used to cover personal expenses. He denied the claims. As he was yet to stand trial his pardon is unusual, though certainly not unprecedented. The White House statement said Mr Bannon had been "an important leader in the conservative movement and is known for his political acumen". It said prosecutors had "pursued" him with charges "related to fraud stemming from his involvement in a political project". A full pardon was also issued to Elliott Broidy, a Republican fundraiser who admitted accepting funds to lobby Mr Trump for Chinese and Malaysian interests. The White House cited his "philanthropic efforts". Ken Kurson, a friend of Mr Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner charged with cyberstalking during a divorce, was pardoned. Lil Wayne, whose real name is Dwayne Carter, pleaded guilty to a federal weapons charge last year and has been pardoned. He posted a photo of himself with Mr Trump during the election campaign praising the president's work on criminal reform. As the list of pardons became clear, Democratic Congressman Adam Schiff said: "Thank God we have only 12 more hours of this den of thieves." Other key recipients were: However, a number of people whose names had been promoted in the media for possible pardons - including Wikileaks founder Julian Assange, National Security Agency whistleblower Edward Snowden, and Joe Exotic, the star of the Netflix documentary Tiger King - have not been included. How and why is clemency issued? It is common for outgoing presidents to issue pardons before they leave the White House. Alexander Hamilton proposed the system in 1787, arguing it could "restore the tranquillity of the commonwealth". It is carried in Article II of the Constitution. The president can only act on federal, not state, crimes. A pardon cancels a criminal conviction, while a commutation shortens or ends a prison sentence. Pardons have been controversial since they started. In the early years of the US, some acts of treason, piracy and rebellion were forgiven. One man convicted of stealing mail refused a pardon in 1833 and he was executed after the Supreme Court ruled he could turn it down. In latter days, Gerald Ford pardoned Richard Nixon for all offences he may have committed, and Jimmy Carter pardoned most who had evaded the Vietnam War draft - both examples of preemptive pardons. Bill Clinton caused uproar when he pardoned scores of people on his last day in office, including his half-brother, Roger. What is Trump's record on pardons? Mr Trump has always projected himself as a "law and order" president. In terms of numbers, his pardons and commutations are low. Only George HW Bush issued fewer in modern times. Mr Trump has granted less than 1% of requests for clemency, the lowest on record. However, it is the nature of the pardons that has caused controversy. A number of those pardoned have been close associates and allies, such as former campaign manager Paul Manafort, long-time ally Roger Stone and his son-in-law Jared Kushner's father, Charles. Steve Bannon adds to that list. Opponents accuse him of using his constitutional powers unconventionally, to benefit his friends and close supporters. There had been speculation Mr Trump could try to pardon himself or his family members ahead of any possible charges. It is unclear whether he has the legal power to do so and there is no precedent of a US leader issuing such a pardon. He does face a possible Senate impeachment trial for "incitement to insurrection", although dates have yet to be set for that. How can I watch the inauguration? We will bring you all the latest developments, with analysis from reporting teams in Washington at the Capitol and on the National Mall. •Online: Follow the latest updates and live video on the BBC News website and @BBCNorthAmerica. You can also stay up to date on our BBC News Facebook account and on Instagram •Television: The BBC's Katty Kay in Washington DC presents live coverage of the key events around the inauguration on BBC One from 16:00-18:00 GMT and on BBC News Channel (UK only) and BBC World (Outside UK only) from 15:30-19:00 GMT •Radio: The BBC World Service has special radio coverage on Outside Source 16:00-18:00 GMT

ক্ষমতা ছাড়ার আগে ১৪০ জনের জন্য ক্ষমা ঘোষণা করেছেন মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প, যাদের মধ্যে তার সাবেক উপদেষ্টা স্টিভ ব্যানন রয়েছেন, যার বিরুদ্ধে প্রতারণার অভিযোগ রয়েছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a list of people who can prove they came to the state by 24 March 1971, the day before neighbouring Bangladesh declared independence from Pakistan. People left off the list will have 120 days to appeal against their exclusion. It is unclear what happens next. India says the process is needed to identify illegal Bangladeshi migrants. It has already detained thousands of people suspected of being foreigners in temporary camps which are housed in the state's prisons, but deportation is currently not an option for the country. The process has also sparked criticism of "witch hunts" against Assam's ethnic minorities. A draft version of the list published last year had four million people excluded. What is the registry of citizens? The NRC was created in 1951 to determine who was born in Assam and is therefore Indian, and who might be a migrant from neighbouring Bangladesh. The register has been updated for the first time. Families in the state have been required to provide documentation to show their lineage, with those who cannot prove their citizenship deemed illegal foreigners. Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has long railed against illegal immigration in India but has made the NRC a priority in recent years. An anxious wait By Rajini Vaidyanathan, BBC News, Assam A small community centre in the village of Katajhar is being guarded by two members of the Indian army. Outside, a line of people wait. Some are clutching plastic bags containing documents. As they enter one of two rooms, an official runs his eyes down a print-out to see if their names or photos are on it. This list - the National Register of Citizens - is one with huge consequences. And so there's fear and trepidation as people here find out whether they've been included. Many here who haven't made it tell me it's a mistake as they show me paperwork they say proves they belong in this country. None of Asia Khatun's family of nine made the list. They now have the chance to appeal but there's real fear about what might come next. "I'd rather die than go to a detention centre," she tells me. People here are angry but they're also scared. Why is the registry happening in Assam? Assam is one India's most multi-ethnic states. Questions of identity and citizenship have long vexed a vast number of people living there. Among its residents are Bengali and Assamese-speaking Hindus, as well as a medley of tribespeople. A third of the state's 32 million residents are Muslims, the second-highest number after Indian-administered Kashmir. Many of them are descendants of immigrants who settled there under British rule. But illegal migration from neighbouring Bangladesh, which shares a 4,000-km long border with India, has been a concern there for decades now. The government said in 2016 that an estimated 20 million illegal immigrants were living in India. So have 1.9 million people effectively become stateless? Not quite. Residents excluded from the list can appeal to the specially formed courts called Foreigners Tribunals, as well as the high court and Supreme Court. However, a potentially long and exhaustive appeals process will mean that India's already overburdened courts will be further clogged, and poor people left off the list will struggle to raise money to fight their cases. If people lose their appeals in higher courts, they could be detained indefinitely. Some 1,000 people declared as foreigners earlier are already lodged in six detention centres located in prisons. Mr Modi's government is also building an exclusive detention centre, which can hold 3,000 detainees. "People whose names are not on the final list are really anxious about what lies ahead. One of the reasons is that the Foreigners Tribunal does not have a good reputation, and many people are worried that they will have to go through this process," Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty, author of Assam: The Accord, The Discord, told the BBC. Why have been the courts so controversial? The special courts were first set up in 1964, and since then they have declared more than 100,000 people foreigners. They regularly identify "doubtful voters" or "illegal infiltrators" as foreigners to be deported. But the workings of the specially formed Foreigners Tribunals, which have been hearing the contested cases, have been mired in controversy. There are more than 200 such courts in Assam today, and their numbers are expected to go up to 1,000 by October. The majority of these tribunals were set up after the BJP came to power in 2014. The courts have been accused of bias and their workings have often been opaque and riddled with inconsistencies. For one thing, the burden of proof is on the accused or the alleged foreigner. For another, many families are unable to produce documents due to poor record-keeping, illiteracy or because they lack the money to file a legal claim. People have been declared foreigners by the courts because of differences in spellings of names or ages in voter rolls, and problems in getting identity documents certified by authorities. Amnesty International has described the work by the special courts as "shoddy and lackadaisical". Journalist Rohini Mohan analysed more than 500 judgements by these courts in one district and found 82% of the people on trial had been declared foreigners. She also found more Muslims had been declared foreigners, and 78% of the orders were delivered without the accused being ever heard - the police said they were "absconding", but Mohan found many of them living in their villages and unaware they had been declared foreigners. "The Foreigners Tribunal," she says, "must be made more transparent and accountable." A decorated Indian army veteran, Mohammed Sanaullah spent 11 days in a detention camp in June after being declared a "foreigner", prompting national outrage. Both the citizen's register and the tribunals have also sparked fears of a witch hunt against Assam's ethnic minorities. Have the minorities been targeted? Many say the list has nothing to do with religion, but activists see it as targeting the state's Bengali community, a large portion of whom are Muslims. They also point to the plight of Rohingya Muslims in neighbouring Bangladesh. However significant numbers of Bengali-speaking Hindus have also been left off the citizenship list, underscoring the communal and ethnic tensions in the state "One of the communities worst affected by the list are the Bengali Hindus. There are as many of them in detention camps as Muslims. This is also the reason just days before NRC is to be published the BJP has changed tack, from taking credit for it to calling it error-ridden. That is because the Bengali Hindus are a strong voter base of the BJP," says Barooah Pisharoty. The human tragedy Fearing possible loss of citizenship and detention after exclusion from the list, scores of Bengali Hindus and Muslims have killed themselves since the process to update the citizen register started in 2015, activists say. And in an echo of US President Donald Trump's policy to separate undocumented parents and children, families have been similarly broken up in Assam. Detainees have complained of poor living conditions and overcrowding in the detention centres. One detainee told a rights group after his release he had been taken to a room which had a capacity for 40 people, but was filled with around 120 people. People who have been declared foreigners as well as many inmates have been suffering from depression. Children have also been detained with their parents. Human rights activist Harsh Mander, who visited two detention centres, has spoken about a situation of "grave and extensive human distress and suffering". What happens to people who are declared foreigners? The BJP which rules the state, has insisted in the past that illegal Muslim immigrants will be deported. But neighbouring Bangladesh will definitely not accede to such a request. Many believe that India will end up creating the newest cohort of stateless people, raising the spectre of a homegrown crisis that will echo that of the Rohingya people who fled Myanmar for Bangladesh. It is not clear whether the people stripped of their Indian citizenship will be able to access welfare or own property. One possibility is that once they are released, they will be given work permits with some basic rights, but will not be allowed to vote. Read more on the NRC:

ভারতের আসাম রাজ্যে জাতীয় নাগরিক পঞ্জির (এনআরসি) সম্পূর্ণ খসড়া তালিকা থেকে বাদ পড়েছে ৪০ লাখ ৭ হাজার ৭০৮ জনের নাম।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Tuesday's motion - Prime Minister Boris Johnson's fourth attempt to secure a general election since he took office in July - will still need the approval of the House of Lords (the second chamber of the UK Parliament). It is almost certain to pass and, if it does, it will be the country's third general election in less than five years - and the UK's first December election for nearly 100 years. Mr Johnson said the move would help "get Brexit done", allowing Britain to move forward with its withdrawal from the European Union (EU). So what just happened? The Conservative leader got his pre-Christmas wish, with 438 MPs supporting (and 20 opposing) an early election. The prime minister has been struggling to push his Brexit deal - negotiated with the EU - through parliament without a Conservative majority. He said an election was needed to end the "paralysis". Ahead of Tuesday's vote, the leader of the opposition Labour Party, Jeremy Corbyn, said he would back a December election after the EU confirmed a Brexit extension up until 31 January 2020. "So for the next three months, our condition of taking no-deal off the table has now been met," he said. But Labour MPs were said to be split over their support for an election because of concerns over their party's position in the polls. The BBC's own poll tracker, which measures how people say they are going to vote at the next general election, puts the Conservatives ahead of Labour by more than 10 percentage points. Tuesday's motion was almost abandoned when the government threatened to pull the bill after opposition parties proposed allowing 16 and 17-year-olds and EU nationals with settled status the right to vote. The voting age is 18 or over. What happens next? A good question. Peers in the House of Lords are due to consider the motion on Wednesday. Assuming it passes, Parliament will be dissolved next week with the election taking place on 12 December. What happens next on Brexit would depend on the outcome of that election. So an election could sort out Brexit? Not necessarily. To do so, an election needs to produce a majority for someone. The Brexit deal agreed between Mr Johnson and the EU is currently in limbo after MPs voted against the three-day timetable to pass it through the Commons last week. While an election could restore the Conservative Party's majority and give the prime minister more leverage in Parliament, an early election also carries risks for Mr Johnson and the Tories. Leaving the EU by 31 October "do or die" was a key campaign promise in Mr Johnson's bid to become prime minister but he has since accepted an offer from EU leaders to extend Brexit until 31 January 2020. As a result, voters could choose to punish him at the ballot box for failing to fulfil his campaign pledge. This is where the main parties stand on Brexit: If a general election results in another hung parliament, it would arguably have achieved nothing. A general election is supposed to take place every five years in the UK. The last election was in June 2017. Is another referendum likely? A new vote on Britain's EU membership could also break the stalemate over Brexit. But organising another public vote would take a minimum of 22 weeks, according to experts at the Constitution Unit at University College London (UCL). This would consist of at least 12 weeks to pass the legislation required to hold a referendum, plus a further 10 weeks to organise the campaign and hold the vote itself. Also - and this is a recurring theme here - a government cannot just decide to hold a referendum. Instead, a majority of MPs and Members of the House of Lords would need to agree and vote through the rules of another public vote. What about the Brexit extension? EU Council President Donald Tusk said the latest extension was flexible and that the UK could leave before the agreed 31 January 2020 deadline if a withdrawal agreement is approved by the British parliament. The extension text cites 1 December and 1 January as possible "early out" dates. But Mr Tusk has also warned the UK not to waste the opportunity. Is no-deal still possible? Yes. While Mr Johnson has formally accepted the EU's offer of a Brexit extension until 31 January 2020, it does not mean that a no-deal Brexit is off the table. Rather, it pushes the possibility further into the future. Mr Johnson is likely to continue to try to push his deal through Parliament and if his election gamble pays off, he may succeed. If, however, his efforts fail before the deadline for Britain's exit is reached, the UK could leave without a deal.

যুক্তরাজ্যে আগামী ১২ই ডিসেম্বর সাধারণ নির্বাচন আয়োজনের পক্ষে ভোট দিয়েছে দেশটির পার্লামেন্ট।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

A video report about the vast palace, by Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny, went viral across Russia and has now been watched more than 100m times. The Russian president rubbished reports he owned the resort earlier this week. Mr Rotenberg, a billionaire with close links to Mr Putin, went public claiming to be the owner on Saturday. The revelation came in an interview posted on the pro-Kremlin Mash Telegram channel, before being confirmed to the Interfax news agency. "I have managed to strike a deal with creditors a few years ago, and I became a beneficiary of this site a few years ago," Mr Rotenberg's press office quoted him as saying. Mr Rotenberg said the property will be completed "in a couple of years" and is expected to become an apartment hotel. The claim comes as a crackdown against opposition figures intensifies across Russia. Why has the palace been in the news? Controversy over the property has been rife following the publication of the documentary by jailed Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny's team earlier this month. Their investigation alleged the property cost £1bn ($1.37bn) and was paid for "with the largest bribe in history". The BBC's Tim Whewell previously reported on the mysterious palace back in 2012, quoting a former business associate of Mr Putin who alleged that the mansion was built to his specifications for his personal use - but a spokesman dismissed the allegations at the time. Earlier this week, the Russian president directly denied that he or his family owned it and described the video about it as "boring". The allegations about the palace have taken off on Russian social media, including video platform TikTok. The corruption allegations helped spur on protests held throughout the country last weekend in support of Mr Navalny - the biggest seen against President Putin in years. More than 4,000 people were arrested as large crowds took to cities across Russia demanding Mr Navalny's release. The anti-corruption campaigner was immediately taken into custody after returning to Russia on a flight from Germany, where he had been recovering from an attempt to kill him with a nerve agent last year. Both the heavy-handed police response and the continued detention of Mr Nalavany has drawn sharp international criticism. Despite this, a crackdown seems to be intensifying. A number of close associates of Mr Navalny have been detained since last week and others, including his brother and Pussy Riot activist Maria Alyokhina, have been put under house arrest. The chief editor of a Russian website specialising in human rights, Sergei Smirnov, was also arrested outside his home on Saturday. News of his detention, apparently over allegations he participated in last week's protests, has been condemned by other journalists. Further demonstrations are expected on Sunday, despite fresh police warnings about gatherings. Officials have said that public transport routes and pedestrian movement will be limited across Moscow to try to curb protests. Who is Arkady Rotenberg? Mr Rotenberg is a significant figure in Russia as the owner of huge construction firms which build infrastructure like bridges and gas pipelines. He is known to be close to Mr Putin as a former childhood friend and judo partner. Mr Rotenberg and his brother were implicated during the FinCEN file revelations late last year. The businessman has been under US sanctions since 2014, when officials described him as a member of the "Russian leadership's inner circle" who they claimed provided "support for Putin's pet projects".

রাশিয়ার ধনকুবের ব্যবসায়ী আর্কাদি রটেনবার্গ বলছেন, কৃষ্ণ সাগরে বিলাসবহুল এক অট্টালিকার মালিক তিনিই - প্রেসিডেন্ট ভ্লাদিমির পুতিন নন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The State Department regulations say people will have to submit social media names and five years' worth of email addresses and phone numbers. When proposed last year, authorities estimated the proposal would affect 14.7 million people annually. Certain diplomatic and official visa applicants will be exempt from the stringent new measures. However, people travelling to the US to work or to study will have to hand over their information. "We are constantly working to find mechanisms to improve our screening processes to protect US citizens, while supporting legitimate travel to the United States," the department reportedly said. Previously, only applicants who needed additional vetting - such as people who had been to parts of the world controlled by terrorist groups - would need to hand over this data. But now applicants will have to give up their account names on a list of social media platforms, and also volunteer the details of their accounts on any sites not listed. Anyone who lies about their social media use could face "serious immigration consequences", according to an official who spoke to The Hill. The Trump administration first proposed the rules in March 2018. At the time, the American Civil Liberties Union - a civil rights group - said there is "no evidence that such social media monitoring is effective or fair", and said it would cause people to self-censor themselves online. US President Donald Trump made cracking down on immigration a key plank of his election campaign in 2016. He called for "extreme vetting" of immigrants before and during his time in office. On Friday Mr Trump vowed to impose gradually rising tariffs on Mexico unless the country curbed illegal immigration at the US southern border.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের নতুন আইন অনুযায়ী এখন থেকে দেশের ভিসার জন্য প্রায় সব আবেদনকারীদের ইন্টারনেট-ভিত্তিক সামাজিক যোগাযোগ মাধ্যমের বিস্তারিত তথ্য জমা দিতে হবে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Sheikh Ahmed al-Tayeb, Sunni Islam's highest authority, said the way it is often practised comes from "a lack of understanding of the Koran". He made the comment on his weekly television programme and on Twitter. After sparking debate, al-Azhar clarified that the cleric was not calling for a ban on polygamy. He reiterated that monogamy was the rule and polygamy the exception. "Those who say that marriage must be polygamous are all wrong," he said. The Koran, he added, states that for a Muslim man to have multiple wives, he "must obey conditions of fairness - and if there is not fairness it is forbidden to have multiple wives". Sheikh al-Tayeb also advocated a broader revamp of the way women's issues are addressed. "Women represent half of society. If we don't care for them it's like walking on one foot only," he said on Twitter. Egypt's National Council for Women responded positively to his comments. "The Muslim religion honours women- it brought justice and numerous rights which didn't exist before," said Maya Morsi, the council's president.

মিশরের শীর্ষ ইসলামিক প্রতিষ্ঠান আল আজহারের প্রধান ইমাম ফতোয়া দিয়েছেন যে, বহুবিবাহ করা বা বহুপত্নী রাখার বিষয়টি নারী এবং শিশুদের জন্য অবিচার হতে পারে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Jonathan AmosBBC Science Correspondent, Vienna It's extremely challenging, especially since the individual pieces of litter are smaller than the minimum-sized objects that satellites can resolve. But the approach works by looking for plastic's reflected light signature in the water. And early trials conducted by the UK's Plymouth Marine Laboratory have been very encouraging. "You're never going to see an individual plastic bottle floating on the sea, but we can detect aggregations of this material," Dr Lauren Biermann told BBC News. Other stories from EGU 2019 The Earth observation scientist has been experimenting with the EU's Sentinel-2 satellites - a pair of orbiting multi-spectral instruments (MSI) that were launched in 2015 and 2017 and are operated by the European Space Agency (Esa). The duo's mission is primarily to make a continuously evolving map of Earth's land surfaces, but in the process they also capture a view of coastal waters. And, actually, this is the key zone of opportunity if you want to monitor plastic discharge to the ocean, because much of the eight million tonnes globally that's thought to make its way out to sea every year does so through rivers and their estuaries. In the UK, the Sentinel pair will be mapping this zone every couple of days. The difficulty for Dr Biermann is that the satellites have a best resolution of 10m, meaning any objects in an image will only be detectable if they make up a certain percentage of each pixel. But she has a couple of factors that work in her favour. The first is that floating debris tends to aggregate in the eddies, fronts and plumes that form as river water enters the sea. And although a lot of the time this will just be plant material, rubbish such as plastic will also be drawn in. The second factor working to Dr Biermann's advantage is simply the quality of the detectors in the Sentinel instruments. These have great clarity in the way they sense the different wavelengths that make up light. And the Plymouth scientist can use this performance to interrogate the individual pixels in a picture to see what objects they're likely to contain even if they can't be directly resolved. It works like this: seawater absorbs light strongly in the near-infrared. Plants and anything else floating in the water will reflect in the near-infrared. But plants will absorb well in the red band, whilst plastic less so. Further information can be gleaned from the "red edge" and shortwave infrared bands, also. "Vegetation has a good signature that we can look for, whereas plastic has a different signature," she explained. "So, we can start to un-mix the pixel and say, 'Right, how much of this pixel that I've detected that is nice and bright in my new floating debris index - how much of it seems to be plant material, and how much seems not to be plant material?'" Developing the index has involved validation work in which the Sentinels have overflown great "forests" of sargassum seaweed and even panels and bottles of plastic laid out on the water by scientists from the University of the Aegean, to get a better idea of the spectral differences between the materials. Follow-up case studies in the Strait of Georgia in British Columbia and off the east coast of Scotland have both shown promise. Dr Biermann says the technique needs refinement but believes the results from this early Esa-funded research certainly justify further investigation. One of the next phases would be to apply machine-learning algorithms to the analysis of images. Searching the pictures manually is time-consuming and ultimately not practical. Automation is the only way to go. Dr Biermann sees satellite observations being used to monitor improvements at those known river hotspots for plastic discharge. The information could also be allied to other datasets to make assessments of the pollution's impacts. "If you know where your whales or dolphins or other charismatic megafauna are foraging, you want to see perhaps how much of a risk they are at from these hotspots." Dr Biermann presented her research here at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly. Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos

মহাশূন্য থেকে সাগরে প্লাস্টিক বর্জ্য খুঁজে বের করার কৌশল বের করতে কাজ করছেন এখন বিজ্ঞানীরা।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Planes made 30,537 trips between the two airports in the year to February 2018, OAG Aviation said. The route overtook Hong Kong-Taipei in a list dominated by Asian destinations. Flying between Singapore and Kuala Lumpur takes about an hour, and there are plans to build a high-speed rail link between the two. The figures mean an average of 84 flights per day plied the route. The route is operated by a host of budget carriers such as Scoot, Jetstar, Air Asia and Malindo Air as well as the two countries' flagship carriers, Singapore Airlines and Malaysia Airlines. OAG's report found that the busiest international route outside of Asia was between New York's LaGuardia airport and Toronto Pearson - a route which saw about 16,956 flights over the period. In terms of passenger numbers the flight between Hong Kong and the Taiwanese capital remains the busiest with 6.5 million passengers on the route. The second busiest was Singapore-Jakarta (4.7 million people) and Singapore-Kuala Lumpur (4 million). However, even the busiest international routes cannot compete with the most popular domestic air journeys. The world's busiest flight path is between the South Korean capital, Seoul, and the country's popular holiday island of Jeju. About 65,000 planes flew that route in 2017 according to OAG - the equivalent of almost 180 journeys per day.

মালয়েশিয়ার রাজধানী কুয়ালালামপুর-সিঙ্গাপুরের মধ্যকারের রুটটি পৃথিবীর সবচেয়ে ব্যস্ত আন্তর্জাতিক বিমান চলাচলের রুট।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The unusual incident in Brittany took place after the fox entered the coop with 3,000 hens through an automatic hatch door which closed immediately. "There was a herd instinct and they attacked him with their beaks," said Pascal Daniel, head of farming at the agricultural school Gros-Chêne. The body of the small fox was found the following day in a corner of the coop. "It had blows to its neck, blows from beaks," Mr Daniel told AFP news agency. The farm is home to up to 6,000 free-range chickens who are kept in a five-acre site. The coop is kept open during day and most of the hens spend the daytime outside, AFP adds. You may also like: When the automatic door closed, the fox - thought to be around five or six months old - became trapped inside. "A whole mass of hens can arrive together and the fox may have panicked in the face of such a big number", Mr Daniel told the regional newspaper Ouest France (in French). "They can be quite tenacious when they are in a pack".

ফ্রান্সের উত্তর-পশ্চিমাঞ্চলের একটি স্কুলের খামারে কিছু মুরগী মিলে একটি ছোট শিয়ালকে মেরে ফেলেছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

AFP chief photographer in Kabul, Shah Marai, is among the victims. The first explosion was carried out by an attacker on a motorbike. A second followed about 15 minutes later after a crowd, including several reporters, had gathered at the scene. The Islamic State group (IS) said it had carried out the attack. It was one of several fatal incidents on Monday. BBC reporter Ahmad Shah was also killed in a separate attack in the Khost region. And in a third attack, 11 children were killed in a suicide bombing intended to target Nato troops in Kandahar province. Bomber 'disguised himself'' In the Kabul attack, the AFP news agency said the second blast had deliberately targeted the group of journalists, including its photographer Shah Marai. "The bomber disguised himself as a journalist and detonated himself among the crowd," AFP quoted a police spokesman as saying. Nine journalists and photographers and four police officers, were among the dead, officials say. So far, 45 people have been reported injured. The intelligence services headquarters had been the target, IS said in a statement released through its self-styled news outlet Amaq. The Shashdarak district also houses the defence ministry and a Nato compound. "This is the deadliest day for Afghan media in the past 15 years," the head of Tolo News TV, Lotfullah Najafizada, told the BBC. "We went, all of us, to the blast site. We said: 'If you killed an entire line of journalists reporting here, in five hours time we're back here; the line is longer; the queue is longer and the resolve is greater." Bombings in the Afghan capital are not uncommon. Earlier in April, a suicide bomb at a voter registration killed almost 60 people and injured 119, in an attack claimed by the Islamic State group. The Taliban also remain active in the country, only 30% of which is under full government control, according to BBC research published earlier this year. AFP paid tribute to Shah Marai, who it said had six children, including a newborn baby. "This is a devastating blow," global news director Michele Leridon said. "We can only honour the extraordinary strength, courage and generosity of a photographer who covered often traumatic, horrific events with sensitivity and consummate professionalism." Who was the BBC's Ahmad Shah? A shooting in Khost province resulted in the death of a BBC reporter. "It is with great sadness that the BBC can confirm the death of BBC Afghan reporter Ahmad Shah following an attack earlier today," said Jamie Angus, director of the BBC World Service. "Ahmad Shah was 29. He had worked for the BBC Afghan service for more than a year and had already established himself as a highly capable journalist who was a respected and popular member of the team. "This is a devastating loss and I send my sincere condolences to Ahmad Shah's friends and family and the whole BBC Afghan team. "We are doing all we can to support his family at this very difficult time." Local police are investigating a motive. What happened in the Kandahar attack? Also on Monday, a suicide bomb attack in the Kandahar region killed 11 schoolchildren and injured many more. The bomber appeared to have been targeting a military vehicle convoy in Daman district, but the explosion struck a nearby religious school. In addition to the dead, more than a dozen children were reported injured in the blast. Nato forces operate from a base in the area, and Nato officials confirmed that some of its people had been injured, as had Afghan police. Eight of the injured were of Romanian nationality, Nato said, but all were in stable condition. No group has yet said it carried out the Kandahar attack.

আফগানিস্তানের রাজধানী কাবুলে দুটো বোমা হামলার ঘটনায় কমপক্ষে ২৫ জন নিহত হয়েছে এবং তাদের মধ্যে আটজনই সাংবাদিক। সেসময় তারা ওই বিস্ফোরণের খবর সংগ্রহ করতে গিয়েছিলেন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The proposal, which comes from the state department, would require most visa applicants to give details of their Facebook and Twitter accounts. They would have to disclose all social media identities used in the past five years. About 14.7 million people a year would be affected by the proposals. The information would be used to identify and vet those seeking both immigrant and non-immigrant visas. Applicants would also be asked for five years of their telephone numbers, email addresses and travel history. They would be required to say if they had ever been deported from a country, or if any relatives had been involved in terrorist activity. The proposal would not affect citizens from countries to which the US grants visa-free travel status - among them the UK, Canada, France and Germany. However, citizens from non-exempt countries like India, China and Mexico could be embroiled if they visit the US for work or a holiday. Officials defended the proposal by saying it would help to identify potential extremists. Social media came under scrutiny after the shootings in 2015 in San Bernadino, California, in which 14 people died. The authorities said they had missed signs of radicalisation in messages on a messaging platform sent between the attackers. What's the current stance on requesting social media? Under rules brought in last May, officials were told to seek people's social media handles only if they felt "that such information is required to confirm identity or conduct more rigorous national security vetting", a state department official said at the time. The tougher proposal comes after President Trump promised to implement "extreme vetting" for foreigners entering the US, which he said was to combat terrorism. "Maintaining robust screening standards for visa applicants is a dynamic practice that must adapt to emerging threats," the state department said in a statement, quoted by the New York Times. "We already request limited contact information, travel history, family member information, and previous addresses from all visa applicants. Collecting this additional information from visa applicants will strengthen our process for vetting these applicants and confirming their identity." Who decides if it happens? The idea is subject to approval by the Office of Management and Budget. The public will have two months to comment on the proposal before it makes a decision. How does this affect free speech? Civil liberties groups have condemned the policy as an invasion of privacy that could damage free speech. "People will now have to wonder if what they say online will be misconstrued or misunderstood by a government official," said Hina Shamsi of the American Civil Liberties Union. "We're also concerned about how the Trump administration defines the vague and over-broad term 'terrorist activities' because it is inherently political and can be used to discriminate against immigrants who have done nothing wrong," she said. The social media platforms covered in the proposal include US-based entities such as Instagram, LinkedIn, Reddit and YouTube. However, the New York Times reports that overseas platforms such as China's Sina Weibo and Russia's VK social network would also be included.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে ট্রাম্প প্রশাসন বলেছে - যারা আমেরিকার ভিসা পেতে চান তাদের প্রায় প্রত্যেকের সামাজিক যোগাযোগ মাধ্যমে তারা কি করছেন তার তথ্য সংগ্রহ করা শুরু করতে চান।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Twenty-seven people have been killed so far in the deadliest violence the Indian capital has seen in decades. The clashes first broke out on Sunday between protesters for and against a controversial citizenship law. But they have since taken on communal overtones, with reports of many Muslims being attacked. Photographs, videos and accounts on social media paint a chilling image of the last few days - of mostly Hindu mobs beating unarmed men, including journalists; of groups of men with sticks, iron rods and stones wandering the streets; and of Hindus and Muslims facing off. Access to these areas was severely restricted on Tuesday, when most of the violence took place. Judging by the names released so far, both Muslims and Hindus are among the dead and injured. The Delhi High Court, which is hearing petitions about the violence, has said it cannot let "another 1984" happen on its "watch". In 1984, more than 3,000 Sikhs were killed in anti-Sikh riots in the city. Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted on Wednesday, three days after the violence broke out, appealing for peace. He added that he had reviewed the situation and police were working to restore normality. Opposition leader Sonia Gandhi has called for the resignation of Home Minister Amit Shah, saying he is "responsible" for the violence. Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal has described the situation as "alarming" and demanded for the army to be called in. The unrest is centred around Muslim-majority neighbourhoods - such as Maujpur, Mustafabad, Jaffrabad and Shiv Vihar - in north-east Delhi. The streets in these areas are littered with stones and shattered glass. Broken and burnt vehicles are strewn about, and the stench of smoke from smouldering buildings fills the air. What is happening now? While fresh clashes have not been reported on Wednesday, the city continues to simmer. BBC reporters saw Muslim residents in Mustafabad leaving their homes with bags and bundles of their belongings, fearing further violence. Some 189 people are injured, according to officials at the Guru Teg Bahadur hospital, where many of them have been admitted. BBC reporters at the hospital say they saw people with all sorts of injuries, including bullet wounds, scrambling for treatment. They say the hospital seemed "overwhelmed", and many of the injured were "too scared to go back home". Many, including journalists, have tweeted and spoken of mobs demanding to know their religion. At least one photojournalist said he was asked to remove his pants to prove his religious identity. This has also happened during religious riots in the past to identify Muslims as they are usually circumcised. 'Burned prayer mats and a torn Koran' Faisal Mohammed, BBC Hindi, Ashok Nagar A small crowd of around a dozen people is standing outside a vandalised mosque in Ashok Nagar, one of the areas worst affected by the violence. The front of the green and white building is scorched. An Indian flag and a saffron flag, commonly associated with right-wing Hindu groups, are flying from one of the minarets. Torn pages from the Koran are strewn outside the building. Two young men are picking up the pages and putting them in a plastic bag. One man says he will take the pages and bury them in a graveyard. As I enter the building, I see skull caps and partially burned prayer mats. The area where the mosque stands is a Hindu neighbourhood, but residents say that they had nothing to do with its desecration. They blame "outsiders", saying that they did not intervene as they were afraid of being targeted. Why did it turn deadly so quickly? It appears to have started with a threat issued by Kapil Mishra, a leader from the governing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), against protesters opposing the citizenship law. On Sunday, he led a rally in Jaffrabad and asked people - via Twitter - to gather in the area. In his tweet, he told the Delhi police they had three days to clear the protest sites and warned of consequences if they failed to do so. The first reports of clashes emerged later that day. The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), which grants amnesty to illegal non-Muslim immigrants from certain Muslim-majority countries, has sharply polarised India. Critics say it discriminates against Muslims, while the government denies this, saying it only offers citizenship to persecuted minorities. But it has sparked huge protests, including those led by Muslim women. Some of these - such as the one in Delhi's Shaheen Bagh - have become the target of right-wing vitriol. At least three BJP leaders, including Mr Mishra, have been accused of inciting violence through hate speeches. The Delhi High Court is currently hearing petitions to register a police complaint against them. What are authorities doing? There is heavy police presence in the affected areas, and paramilitary troops have also been deployed in an effort to keep peace. "There are enough forces on the ground and no one needs to fear," National Security Adviser Ajit Doval told NDTV news channel, and asked the people of Delhi to trust "the man in uniform". Mr Doval was responding to accusations that police were not doing enough to help those under attack. The affected areas are close to the Loni border - that Delhi shares with Uttar Pradesh state - which has now been sealed. Schools in the area have been closed, and year-end exams postponed. The Delhi police have also been accused of being under-prepared and outnumbered. More than 50 policemen have also been injured and at least one - a constable named Ratan Lal - was killed. Police spokesman MS Randhawa told reporters on Tuesday that the situation was under control and a "sufficient number of policemen" had been deployed. Paramilitary forces have been deployed as well. The central cabinet is expected to meet later on Wednesday to review the situation. Home Minister Amit Shah, who is in charge of the city's police force, led a meeting with officials and policemen on Tuesday night. The timing of the unrest is being seen as an embarrassment for Prime Minister Narendra Modi as he was hosting US President Donald Trump over the last two days on his first official visit to India. As the violence escalated, it overshadowed Mr Trump's visit, making it to national and global headlines.

ভারতের রাজধানী দিল্লিতে সহিংসতার তৃতীয় রাতেও বেশীরভাগ ঘটনায় মুসলিমদের বাড়িঘর ও দোকানপাটে হামলার খবর পাওয়া গেছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Alex De WaalSudan analyst The country's democratic hopes hang by a thread 18 months after non-violent protests overthrew their long-term ruler Omar al-Bashir. But if Sudan recognises Israel then the US will strike it off the state sponsors of terror list, opening the door to essential economic stabilisation measures. It is a complicated story which dates back 30 years to the early days of Sudan's Islamist government. After seizing power in a military coup in 1989, President Bashir turned Khartoum into a global centre for militant jihadism. Al-Qaeda and other extremist groups used Sudan as the base for carrying out terror attacks in the US, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and elsewhere. After the first terror attack on New York's World Trade Center in 1993, the US designated Sudan as a state sponsor of terrorism. CIA co-operation International financial sanctions and military pressure from neighbouring countries which supported Sudanese rebels pushed Sudan to expel Osama bin Laden and other jihadists three years later. Shortly after the 11 September 2001 attacks, Sudan's security services became a valued partner with the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). On that basis, Sudan should have been removed from the state sponsors of terror list. But members of Congress were hostile to Khartoum for a host of other reasons, including the war in Darfur and human rights abuses, and the listing stayed in place. And the Bashir government still operated in the shadows: it kept open its links to Iran and Hamas, and on at least two occasions Israeli fighter planes attacked convoys travelling up Sudan's Red Sea coast, allegedly taking arms to Hamas. In 2016, under pressure from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, the Bashir government cut its ties with Iran. Yet after the democratic revolution last year, Washington DC was slow to shift. US State Department officials wanted to keep the leverage of one of their most powerful tools. And they were worried that the new democratic regime might not last long. Senators block terror list removal The problem was that keeping sanctions on Sudan could easily become a self-fulfilling prophecy, condemning the country to state failure. As long as Sudan stays blacklisted, crippling financial sanctions stay in place. Legitimate Sudanese businesses are handicapped, foreign direct investment is shackled and the International Monetary Fund and World Bank cannot adopt a package to relieve its massive debt - $72bn (£55.6bn) and counting. The scale of hunger today is terrifying: the UN classes 9.6 million people as "severely food insecure". This is made worse by the Covid-19 shutdown and floods. It is a crisis that cannot be overcome by food handouts - it needs a massive injection of economic assistance. Over recent months, a deal to remove the terror listing was slowly making its way through Congress, held up by demands from the relatives of victims of al-Qaeda attacks in East Africa and Yemen that compensation be paid. Sudan agreed to a package of $335m. But in September two Democratic senators - Chuck Schumer and Bob Menendez blocked the measure, partly because they wanted to keep open the prospects of the relatives of victims of 9/11 mounting a case. The Trump administration is offering Sudan a way out. Visiting Khartoum at the end of August, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo proposed a deal to Sudan's civilian Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok: if Sudan recognised Israel, President Trump would circumvent the Congressional blockage. Following the UAE's decision last month, Sudan, a member of the Arab League, would be only the fifth Arab state to do so. This would be a huge boost to the administration's campaign to normalise Arab relations with Israel in the weeks before the election. Recognising Israel would be a momentous step for Sudan - that indeed is the whole point. Good deal for the generals The most vociferous opponents of the move are the Islamists, now out of power. But it is controversial across the political spectrum, and the civilian coalition includes many who insist on peace with the Palestinians first. You may also be interested in: Mr Hamdok knows that his coalition of civilian supporters would likely fracture if he made the decision. He told Mr Pompeo that a decision on the issue should await a democratically elected government, due in three years' time. Although Mr Hamdok and his civilian cabinet are in office, it is Sudan's generals who wield real power. Backed by the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Egypt, the chairman of the transitional council, Lt Gen Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and his deputy Lt Gen Mohamed Hamdan Dagolo, known as "Hemeti", command troops and money. And it is these generals who are dealing with Israel. Gen Burhan met Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in February - without informing Mr Hamdok - and the two are due to meet again soon. For Gen Burhan and Gen Hemeti, the US-Israel deal promises them the international recognition they crave without the inconvenience of democracy. That is why Sudanese democrats are demanding that it be scrutinised carefully. When popular protests forced Bashir out in April last year, Gen Burhan and Gen Hemeti took over. Two months later their troops killed over 100 protesters. This caused an outcry, after which, in a deal brokered by the US, UK, Saudi Arabia and the UAE, they agreed to share power with a civilian cabinet. 'Separate issues' The bottom line is that the military tolerate the civilians only because they need international respectability. The Sudanese public has not forgiven the generals for their brutality and venality. The older generation remembers Operation Moses, the secret 1984 deal between then-President Jaafar Nimeiri to allow Israel to airlift Ethiopian Jews from refugee camps in Sudan. Nimeiri was later accused of pocketing millions of dollars in bribes from Mossad, Israel's secret service. Israel and the Ethiopian Jews: A cabal of officer-businessmen controls vast shadowy commercial empires built up under Bashir, which are getting stronger by the day. When the central bank runs out of money to pay salaries, it goes begging to these generals for the cash. If they are rewarded, Sudan will remain a kleptocracy. For Israelis, recognition by another Arab country is certainly a prize. But for the young Israelis and their US counterparts who protested against the mass atrocities in Darfur 15 years ago, legitimising the men who commanded the militias that perpetrated those massacres is a morally dubious step. Mr Hamdok's position is the logical one: lifting the terror blacklisting and recognising Israel are separate issues. He argues that Sudan should be removed from the terror list at once, because it has removed terrorists from its soil and because its democracy is worth saving. And if Israel is recognised by a truly democratic Arab nation - that would be a prize worth winning. Alex de Waal is the executive director of the World Peace Foundation at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in the US.

সুদানের অবস্থা তখন বেশ শোচনীয়। অর্থনীতি ধসে পড়ছে। মূদ্রাস্ফীতি লাগামহীন। দেশজুড়ে খাদ্য সংকটের আশংকা। কিন্তু যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প এবং ইসরায়েল সরকার যেন এখানে তাদের জন্য একটা সুযোগ দেখতে পেলেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Mr Trump tweeted, without providing evidence: "There is NO WAY (ZERO!) that Mail-In Ballots will be anything less than substantially fraudulent." Twitter put a warning label in the post and linked to a page that described the claims as "unsubstantiated". Mr Trump on Wednesday threatened to "strongly regulate" or even "close down" social media platforms. He tweeted to his 80 million followers that Republicans felt the platforms "totally silence conservatives" and that he would not allow this to happen. In an earlier tweet, he said that Twitter was "completely stifling free speech". Later on Wednesday he said that Twitter "has now shown everything we have been saying about them... is correct" and vowed "big action to follow". It is unclear what regulatory steps the president could take without new laws passed by Congress. The White House has yet to offer further details. For years, Twitter has faced criticism for not acting on the president's controversial tweets, which include personal attacks on political rivals and debunked conspiracy theories. This month the platform introduced a new policy on misleading information amid the coronavirus pandemic. But recent posts in which Mr Trump - who has more than 80 million followers on Twitter - promoted a conspiracy theory about the death of political aide Lori Klausutis, blaming a high-profile critic, have not received the same treatment. What is Twitter saying about Trump's posts? The notification on Mr Trump's tweet shows a blue exclamation mark and a link suggesting readers "get the facts about mail-in ballots". It directs users to a page on which Mr Trump's claims are described as "unsubstantiated", citing reporting by CNN, the Washington Post and others. The pandemic is putting pressure on US states to expand the use of postal voting because people are worried about becoming infected at polling stations. In a "what you need to know" section, Twitter writes that Mr Trump "falsely claimed mail-in ballots would lead to 'a Rigged Election'." "Fact-checkers say there is no evidence that mail-in ballots are linked to voter fraud," it continues. The company had pledged to increase the use of warning labels about false or misleading information on its site, but has been slow to take steps against the US president. Mr Trump posted the same claim about mail-in ballots on Facebook, but it is not fact-checked on that platform. What is President Trump's response? Mr Trump then accused Twitter of interfering in the US presidential election scheduled for 3 November 2020, saying the company was "completely stifling free speech, and I, as president, will not allow it to happen". His tweet on Wednesday told social media to "clean up your act now" and that he would not let a "more sophisticated version" of what they had "attempted to do, and failed, in 2016" happen again. He did not elaborate. With more than 52,000 tweets currently to his name, Mr Trump is a prolific tweeter and relies on the platform to disseminate his views to millions of people. He has used Twitter to launch attacks on opponents, with targets ranging from North Korean leader Kim Jong-un to his political rivals in the US. In 2017 he used anti-Muslim tweets aimed at London Mayor Sadiq Khan to serve a domestic political purpose of warning about immigration, BBC North America reporter Anthony Zurcher reported. On Tuesday Mr Trump's presidential campaign manager Brad Parscale also criticised Twitter's decision. "Partnering with biased fake news 'fact checkers' is a smoke screen to lend Twitter's obvious political tactics false credibility. There are many reasons we pulled all our advertising from Twitter months ago, and clear political bias is one of them," Mr Parscale tweeted. What are mail-in ballots? They are voting bulletins that are distributed and returned by post. In a recent opinion survey conducted by the Pew Research Center, 66% of Americans said they would not be comfortable going to a polling place to cast their ballot during the coronavirus outbreak. Such concerns have increased pressure on states to expand the availability of mail-in ballots for all voters in order to minimise the risk of viral exposure from in-person voting. While every state provides some form of remote voting, the requirements to qualify vary greatly. Five states in the western US, including Washington, Oregon and Colorado, conduct their elections entirely via mail-in ballot. Others, like California, provide a postal ballot to anyone who requests it. On the other end of the spectrum, 17 states require voters to provide a valid reason why they are unable to vote in-person in order to qualify for an absentee ballot. Twitter refuses to remove 'horrifying lies' The move comes on the heels of Twitter's decision not to remove a comment President Trump made about the death of Lori Klausutis in 2001. The president has tweeted several messages promoting a conspiracy theory that Ms Klausutis was murdered by MSNBC host Joe Scarborough. Her widower Timothy Klausutis asked Twitter to remove the post, saying it included "horrifying lies". The company told Mr Klausutis it was "deeply sorry" about the pain caused by the president's statements, but said the tweets did not violate their policies. You may also be interested in

এই প্রথম সামাজিক মাধ্যমের বিশাল প্রতিষ্ঠান টুইটার আমেরিকান প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের কোন পোস্টের সত্যতা নিয়ে প্রশ্ন তুলে তা নিয়ে সতর্কবার্তা দিল।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Police say she is in a critical condition after being admitted to hospital on Sunday. They have arrested the 28-year-old cousin. Delhi Commission for Women chief Swati Maliwal, who visited the girl, described her injuries as "horrific". The debate over sexual violence in India has grown after the fatal gang rape of a female student in 2012. The rape of the baby girl happened on Sunday but came to light on Monday after local media reported it. Ms Maliwal tweeted that the baby had undergone a three-hour operation and that her cries could be heard in the hospital. Is this a new low for India? Geeta Pandey, BBC News, Delhi This distressing case of assault on an infant has shocked India and made national headlines. The extent of her injuries has horrified many and prompted them to wonder whether we have reached a new low. But a look at the statistics, compiled by the government, shows that such crimes are not uncommon. And worryingly, their numbers are rising rapidly. According to the latest National Crime Records Bureau data, 2016 saw 19,765 cases of child rape being registered in India - a rise of 82% from 2015 when 10,854 cases were recorded. A couple of years ago, an 11-month-old was kidnapped by a neighbour while she slept next to her mother and brutally raped for two hours. And in November 2015, a three-month-old was kidnapped and assaulted in the southern city of Hyderabad. How are people reacting to the news? Ms Maliwal described what she heard when she visited the hospital where the baby was being treated. "Her heart-rending cries could be heard in the intensive-care unit of the hospital. She has horrific injuries in her internal organs," she tweeted after visiting the hospital on Monday night. She posted another tweet expressing her anguish. "What to do? How can Delhi sleep today when 8 month baby has been brutally raped in capital? Have we become so insensitive or we have simply accepted this as our fate?" She also tweeted a direct appeal to Prime Minister Narendra Modi that "stricter laws and more police resources" were needed to protect girls in the country. Others joined her, expressing shame and anger over the horrific crime. Has the situation for women improved in recent years? The 2012 gang rape and murder of the 23-year-old student on a bus in Delhi sparked days of protests and forced the government to introduce tougher anti-rape laws, including the death penalty. There has also been a change in attitudes - sexual attacks and rapes have become topics of living room conversations, and not something to be brushed under the carpet, our correspondent says. However, brutal sexual attacks against women and children continue to be reported across the country. Recently released National Crime Records Bureau statistics for the year 2016 show crimes against women continue to rise. But what is heartening is the refusal of women to give up their fight, our correspondent adds. What is the scale of child rape in India? Sources: Indian government, Unicef

ভারতের রাজধানী দিল্লিতে আট মাসের একটি কন্যাশিশুকে ধর্ষণ করা হয়েছে সপ্তাহখানেক আগে। তার আগে কোথাও তিন বছর, কোথাও ১০ বা ১১ বছর বয়সী কন্যাশিশুদের ধর্ষণের খবর উঠে এসেছে সেদেশের সংবাদ শিরোনামে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Speaking in Brooklyn, New York, he called Donald Trump the "most dangerous president" in recent US history. Mr Sanders, a 77-year-old independent senator for Vermont, lost the 2016 Democrat race to Hillary Clinton. He faces a much more crowded field this time but brings name recognition and a passionate support base. More than 10 others are also running to be Democrat candidate, including Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren, New Jersey Senator Cory Booker and the Mayor of San Antonio, Texas, Julian Castro. What would a Sanders presidency look like? His speech promised a presidency that would "bring people together". He outlined numerous policies and attacked greed and the "billionaire class". As president, he said he would: He promised to fight for "economic justice, social justice, racial justice and environmental justice". One of the challenges Mr Sanders faces is that the Democratic Party has shifted to the left, making his message less distinctive, BBC North America reporter Anthony Zurcher says. Speaking to the BBC, Mr Sanders's brother Larry said the Vermont senator was right to try again for the presidency. "I think Bernard's presidency would be really uplifting, finally to have somebody who people see as honest and has been committed for such a long time to be saying that we don't need the poverty, we can have all the things that we need," he said. "It's all been a kind of crazy dogma that 'oh no, no, no, you can't afford that'." What did he have to say about President Trump? Mr Sanders was born in Brooklyn, and the backdrop for his speech gave him an opportunity to contrast himself with the president. He grew up as the son of a Jewish immigrant who worked as a paint seller, while Mr Trump, who also was born in New York, was the son of a wealthy real estate developer. "I did not have a father who gave me millions of dollars to build luxury skyscrapers, casinos and country clubs," he said. "But I had something more valuable: I had the role model of a father who had unbelievable courage in journeying across an ocean, with no money in his pocket, to start a new and better life." As he was speaking Mr Trump was addressing a conference of conservative activists, in which he attacked the Democrats and promised he would win re-election. He sarcastically mocked Democrat proposals on the environment and said plans for universal healthcare would lead to a "socialist takeover of American healthcare". Who is Bernie Sanders? He is the longest-serving independent in congressional history, but competes for the Democratic nomination as he says standing as a third-party candidate would diminish his chances of winning the presidency. He attended the University of Chicago, and in the 1960s and 1970s participated in anti-war and civil rights activism, like the 1963 March on Washington. In 1990, he became the first independent in 40 years to be elected to the House of Representatives. He served there until he ran for and won a seat in the Senate in 2007. Mr Sanders entered the race for the 2016 Democratic nomination as a marginal candidate but emerged as a surprise star during a series of televised debates. He labels himself a Democratic socialist, which he has defined as someone who seeks to "create an economy that works for all, not just the very wealthy". He became Mrs Clinton's closest rival, but she ultimately won the nomination before losing the presidential election to Mr Trump. Who will take on Trump in 2020? Bernie Sanders has joined the race to stop Donald Trump from being re-elected. But who else has a shot at becoming the next president? Find out who is already running and who might join them.

কর্পোরেট মুনাফাবাদের বিরোধিতা করে এবং 'রাজনৈতিক বিপ্লব' ঘটানোর প্রত্যয় নিয়ে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ২০২০ সালের প্রেসিডেন্ট নির্বাচনের জন্য প্রচারণা শুরু করেছেন মার্কিন সিনেটর ও ডেমেক্র্যাট রাজনীতিবিদ বার্নি স্যান্ডার্স।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The vehicle was found shortly before 01:40 BST at Waterglade Industrial Park in Grays, police said. Essex Police said the trailer has been moved to a secure location where the bodies of those inside - a teenager and 38 adults - can be recovered. The driver, named locally as Mo Robinson, 25, from Portadown, County Armagh, Northern Ireland, has been arrested on suspicion of murder. Essex Police said the trailer arrived via ferry from Zeebrugge, Belgium, into Purfleet on the River Thames. The ship docked in the Thurrock area shortly after 00:30, the force said. It is believed the lorry then left the port about 35 minutes later. Deputy Chief Constable Pippa Mills said identifying the victims remained a "number one priority", but was expected to be a "lengthy process". The National Crime Agency said it had sent officers to assist and identify any "organised crime groups who may have played a part". Richard Burnett, chief executive of the Road Haulage Association, said the trailer appeared to be a refrigerated unit, where temperatures could be as low as -25C. He described conditions for anyone inside as "absolutely horrendous". A spokesman for the Bulgarian foreign affairs ministry confirmed the truck was registered in the country. "The Scania truck was registered in Varna (on the east coast) under the name of a company owned by an Irish citizen," he said. "Police said that it is highly unlikely that they are Bulgarians," he added. Police have appealed for witnesses and anyone with information about the lorry's route to contact them. The force said it believed the tractor unit - or front part - of the lorry had come from Northern Ireland. Prime Minister Boris Johnson said it was an "unimaginable tragedy and truly heartbreaking". Speaking at Prime Minister's Questions, he said: "I know that the thoughts and prayers of all members will be with those who lost their lives and their loved ones. "I'm receiving regular updates. The Home Office will work closely with Essex Police as we establish exactly what has happened." 'Contempt for life' Home Secretary Priti Patel said she was "shocked and saddened", while Thurrock MP Jackie Doyle-Price said it was "sickening news". During PMQs, Ms Doyle-Price said: "To put 39 people into a locked metal container shows a contempt for human life that is evil. The best thing we can do in memory of those victims is to find the perpetrators and bring them to justice." Mr Johnson responded saying "all such traders in human beings should be hunted down and brought to justice". Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said it was an "unbelievable human tragedy", adding: "Can we just think for a moment of what it must have been like for those 39 people, obviously in a desperate and dangerous situation, for their lives to end, suffocated to death in a container?" Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar told the Dail that investigations would be undertaken to establish if the lorry had passed through Ireland. Tricky task of catching the people smugglers Since the Calais migrant camps were shut three years ago and security measures were increased at Dover and the Channel Tunnel, people smugglers have increasingly moved to other routes. Asked which ports are being used, the National Crime Agency told me: "All of them." More dangerous methods are being used to get human cargo through. The most common one is being hidden in the back of a lorry, but increasingly commercial shipping containers are being used, sometimes even refrigerated ones of the type seen on the back of the truck in Essex. Risks are substantial for the migrants, who can pay £10,000 or more for a space on these vehicles. Read more:Tricky task of catching the people smugglers How many migrants have died in transit? The number of migrants who die in transit has been recorded by the UN since 2014. Since then, five bodies of suspected migrants have been found in lorries or containers in the UK: Data was not collected in the same way before the migrant crisis began in 2014, but such deaths are not new. In 2000, 58 Chinese migrants were found suffocated to death in a lorry at Dover. In 2015, the bodies of 71 people were found in an abandoned lorry on an Austrian motorway. Police suspected the vehicle was part of a Bulgarian-Hungarian human trafficking operation. Essex Police has set up a casualty bureau for anyone concerned about relatives to call. The British Red Cross has confirmed staff and volunteers were helping "those dealing with this terrible tragedy".

যুক্তরাজ্যের এসেক্সে একটি লরির ভেতরে ৩৯ জনের মৃতদেহ পাওয়া গেছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The global body said new information showed they could provide "a barrier for potentially infectious droplets". Some countries already recommend or mandate face coverings in public. The WHO had previously argued there was not enough evidence to say that healthy people should wear masks. However, WHO director-general Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said on Friday that "in light of evolving evidence, the WHO advises that governments should encourage the general public to wear masks where there is widespread transmission and physical distancing is difficult, such as on public transport, in shops or in other confined or crowded environments". The organisation had always advised that medical face masks should be worn by people who are sick and by those caring for them. Globally, there have been 6.7 million confirmed coronavirus cases and nearly 400,000 deaths since the outbreak began late last year, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University. What is the WHO's advice? The organisation said its new guidance had been prompted by studies over recent weeks. Dr Maria Van Kerkhove, the WHO's technical lead expert on Covid-19, told Reuters news agency the recommendation was for people to wear a "fabric mask - that is, a non-medical mask". Fabric masks should consist of "at least three layers of different material" in order to be effective, the WHO says. However, those aged over-60 and with underlying health risks should wear medical masks in areas where there is community transmission. At the same time, the WHO stressed that face masks were just one of a range of tools that could be used to reduce the risk of transmission - and that they should not give people a false sense of protection. "Masks on their own will not protect you from Covid-19," Dr Tedros said. Big shift in guidance This is a big shift in the WHO's guidance on when the public should cover their faces. For months, the organisation's experts stuck to the line that masks would encourage a false sense of security and would deprive medical professionals of badly needed protective equipment. Those arguments have not gone away but at the same time the WHO acknowledges that new evidence has emerged on the risks of transmission. It points to recent research that people can be highly infectious in the few days before they show symptoms and that some people catch the virus but never show symptoms at all, as I reported last weekend. So where distancing is not possible, such as on public transport and in locations as varied as shops and refugee camps, it is suggested that faces are covered with homemade masks to avoid passing on the infection. Over 60s with underlying health conditions should go further, the WHO said, and wear medical-grade masks to give themselves better protection. In Brazil, President Jair Bolsonaro threatened to pull the country out of the WHO unless it ceased to be a "partisan political organisation". The leader, who had initially dismissed the virus as a "little flu", has been critical of the lockdown policies recommended by the agency to tackle the spread of the disease. Last week, US President Donald Trump said he would end ties with the WHO, saying it had failed to hold China - where the outbreak begun - to account over coronavirus. In the UK, the government announced on Friday that hospital visitors and outpatients would be required to wear face coverings, and that hospital staff would have to wear medical masks, even if they were not in a clinical setting. The guidance will come into force on 15 June, as more businesses open up and more pupils return to school. Also on Friday the UK became the second country to record more than 40,000 coronavirus-related deaths, after the US. What are the latest key developments globally? The court of appeal in New South Wales, Australia, overturned a ban on a Black Lives Matter protest, which was imposed due to coronavirus concerns. Thousands flooded the streets of Sydney to commemorate African American George Floyd, who died in US police custody. In other news: How have you been affected by coronavirus? Please share your experiences by emailing haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist.

মাস্ক পরা নিয়ে নিজেদের উপদেশ পরিবর্তন করেছে বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা। এখন তারা বলছে করোনাভাইরাস সংক্রমণ থামাতে পাবলিক প্লেসে মাস্ক পরা উচিত।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Joshua CheethamBBC News News had broken about a huge container ship, the Ever Given, that had become wedged across the Suez Canal, bringing one of world's major shipping routes to a halt. But as she checked her phone, online rumours were saying she was to blame. "I was shocked," says Ms Elselehdar, Egypt's first female ship's captain. At the time of the Suez blockage, she was working as a first mate, in command of the Aida IV, hundreds of miles away in Alexandria. The vessel, owned by Egypt's maritime safety authority, runs supply missions to a lighthouse in the Red Sea. It's also used to train cadets from the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), a regional university run by the Arab League. Rumours about Ms Elselehdar's role on the Ever Given were largely spurred by screenshots of a fake news headline - supposedly published by Arab News - which said she was involved in the Suez incident. The doctored image appears to be from a genuine Arab News story, released on 22 March, which profiles her success as Egypt's first female ship captain. The picture has been shared dozens of times on Twitter and Facebook. Several Twitter accounts under her name have also spread false claims that she was in involved with the Ever Given. Ms Elselehdar, 29, told the BBC she has no idea who first spread the story or why they did it. "I felt that I might be targeted maybe because I'm a successful female in this field or because I'm Egyptian, but I'm not sure," she said. It's not the first time she's faced challenges in an industry historically dominated by men. At present, women only account for 2% of the world's seafarers, according to the International Maritime Organisation. Ms Elselehdar says she's always loved the sea, and was inspired to join the merchant navy after her brother enrolled at the AASTMT. Though the academy only accepted men at the time, she applied anyway and was granted permission to join after a legal review by Egypt's then-President Hosni Mubarak. During her studies, she says she faced sexism at every turn. "Onboard, they were all older men with different mentalities, so it was difficult not to be able to find like-minded people to communicate with," she says. "It was challenging to go through this alone and be able to overcome it without affecting my mental health." "People in our society still don't accept the idea of girls working in the sea away from their families for a long time," she adds. "But when you do what you love, it is not necessary for you to seek the approval of everyone." After graduating, Ms Elselehdar rose to the rank of first mate, and captained the Aida IV when it became the first vessel to navigate the newly-expanded Suez Canal in 2015. At the time, she was the youngest and first female Egyptian captain to cross the waterway. In 2017 she was also honoured by President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi during Egypt's Women's Day celebrations. When rumours emerged about her role in the Suez blockage, she feared for the impact it would have on her work. "This fake article was in English so it spread in other countries," says Ms Elselehdar. "I tried so hard to negate what was in the article because it was affecting my reputation and all the efforts I exerted to be where I am now." But she says she feels encouraged by some of the response. "The comments on the article were very negative and harsh but there were so many other supportive comments from ordinary people and people I work with," she says. "I decided to focus on all the support and love I'm getting, and my anger turned to gratefulness." "Also, it is worth mentioning that I became even more famous than before," she adds. Next month Ms Elselehdar will be taking her final exam to attain a full rank of captain, and hopes she can continue to be a role model for women in the industry. "My message to females who want to be in the maritime field is fight for what you love and not let any negativity to affect you," she says. Additional reporting by BBC Monitoring and Soha Ibrahim, BBC Arabic.

গত মাসে অদ্ভুত একটা ব্যাপার নজরে আসে মারওয়া এলসেলেহদারের।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

This is far higher than the death toll given by the two sides. Mr Putin said that he speaks to the two sides several times a day, and would not be taking sides in the conflict. He said that Moscow disagrees with Turkey - which supports Azerbaijan - over the conflict. The Russian president also called on the United States to assist in seeking peace in the region. Armenia and Azerbaijan have accused each other of violating humanitarian ceasefires in Nagorno-Karabakh. Fighting flared last month over the territory, which is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan but run by ethnic Armenians. This is the worst violence in the region since a six-year war over the territory ended with a ceasefire in 1994. What did Putin say? Russia is in a military alliance with Armenia and has an army base in the country. But it also has close ties with Azerbaijan. "There are a lot of casualties from both sides, more than 2,000 from each side," the Russian president told a televised meeting, adding that the number was "nearing 5,000". This is far higher than previous estimates, with the most recent official death toll at under 1,000. Nagorno-Karabakh's governing authorities said 874 of its military personnel and 37 civilians have lost their lives since 27 September. Azerbaijan says 61 Azeri civilians have been killed, but has not announced its military casualties. Mr Putin added that he was in "constant" communication with Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan and Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev and would not be taking sides. "I talk to them on the phone several times a day," he said. Mr Putin said he disagreed with Turkey over the conflict, adding that Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan "might seem tough, but is a flexible politician and reliable partner for Russia". Turkey has vowed to send soldiers and provide military support for Azerbaijan if requested. Mr Putin also called on the US to "work in unison" with Russia to end the fighting. Talks between Armenia and Azerbaijan are expected to take place in Washington on Friday, when US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo is due to meet the foreign ministers of the two countries. The US, Russia and France are co-chairs of the OSCE Minsk mediation group, which has called for a ceasefire. What's the latest in Nagorno-Karabakh? Despite a Russian-brokered truce agreed at the weekend, the fighting has continued and hundreds have died. Azerbaijan reported fighting in several areas on Thursday, and accused Armenia of firing three ballistic missiles into Azerbaijan. Armenia denied this. Armenia also reported fighting in multiple locations, while officials said the town of Martuni and nearby villages had been shelled. Armenia's prime minister has said there is no diplomatic solution "at this stage". Nagorno-Karabakh - key facts

বিতর্কিত নাগোর্নো-কারাবাখ অঞ্চলকে কেন্দ্র করে আর্মেনিয়া আর আজারবাইজানের মধ্যে হওয়া যুদ্ধে প্রায় পাঁচ হাজার মানুষ মারা গেছে বলে মন্তব্য করেছেন রুশ প্রেসিডেন্ট ভ্লাদিমির পুতিন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Reality Check teamBBC News So how many masks does China need, and where are they produced? How many masks does China need? Although experts are sceptical about their effectiveness, face masks are in widespread use both among the general population and medical staff. We can't know a definitive overall number as the virus spreads across China, but to give an idea of the scale of the demand, let's start by looking at the situation in Hubei province, the epicentre of the outbreak. Just dealing with medical staff alone, there are an estimated 500,000 across the province. Medical advice in China is to change face masks regularly, as often as four times a day for medical teams, which would require two million masks each day. This is the procedure being followed in one of the main hospitals in Wuhan, the largest city in Hubei province. We don't have a breakdown for the numbers of medical staff in other significantly affected provinces, but it would be reasonable to assume a similar pattern of usage, as coronavirus infections spread. Then there's the widespread use of face masks among the ordinary population, whether or not they've been instructed to do so by the authorities. It's also important to say that culturally, it's quite common for people in China to wear face masks, both as general protection and if they feel they are getting ill. So, although we can't know overall numbers of masks needed, it's clear there's already a huge demand which is only going to increase across China, particularly as people head back to work in mid-February after the New Year holiday. How many is China producing? Under normal circumstances, China produces around twenty millions masks each day. That's estimated to be around half of all masks made globally. However, Chinese production has currently been cut to around 10 million, both because of the New Year holiday as well as the impact of the virus itself. That's clearly not sufficient to meet even the current demand in China. In addition, it's the higher-quality masks which are most effective, and most needed. One type, known as the N95 respirator, is designed to filter at least 95% of airborne particles, and is more effective than an ordinary surgical or medical mask, which also needs to be changed more frequently. China currently produces each day around 600,000 of these high-quality masks, according to figures from the Ministry of Industry. One province, Zhejiang, reported on 27 January that it needed a million of these masks each day, and other provinces have said they are only just able to meet demand for these high-quality masks. In addition, hospitals don't have large stockpiles of these masks - in most cases, only enough to last two weeks. Across China, there have been reports of shortages and soaring prices, as people have rushed to buy masks. To give an idea of this demand, the Chinese online shopping site Taobao says than in just two days in January, it sold more than 80 million masks. Foxconn, maker of the Apple iPhone, has announced that it's switching part of its production to making surgical masks. It aims to produce two million masks a day by the end of February. Can China get masks from abroad? China bought 220 million face masks between 24 January and 2 February, with South Korea one of the countries supplying them. Since the beginning of February, the authorities have also removed tariffs and duties on imported medical supplies. The US firm 3M, which is a major producer of high-quality face masks, says it is making increasing numbers at facilities around the world in order to meet demand. "We are ramping up production, including in the US, Asia and Europe, as quickly as possible," Jennifer Ehrlich of 3M told the BBC. The UK-based Cambridge Mask Company, which makes high-quality respirator masks, says it has faced unprecedented demand, and has completely sold out. Some countries, including Taiwan and India, have banned the export of protective clothing such as face masks. Taiwan says it wants to prioritise the protection of its own citizens, and has announced a rationing system for buying face masks. There have also been reports of shortages in countries outside China because of panic buying, as fears grow about the global spread of the coronavirus. As of 4 February, the US had just 11 confirmed cases but some retailers there had already experienced shortages, despite current guidance from the US authorities saying that they "do not recommend the use of face masks for the general public." Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

করোনাভাইরাস ছড়িয়ে পড়ার প্রেক্ষাপটে চীনা কর্তৃপক্ষ মুখে ব্যবহারের মাস্ক চেয়ে অন্য দেশগুলোর সহায়তা কামনা করেছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Aparna Alluri and Shadab NazmiBBC News, Delhi With the world's second-largest population, much of which lives packed into cities, the country was perhaps always destined to become a global hotspot. But the data behind its case numbers is questionable, because India is not testing enough, and an unusually low death rate has baffled scientists. Here's five things we know about the spread of coronavirus in India. 1. India's cases are rising fast India has seen a series of record spikes recently, adding tens of thousands of cases daily. It recorded most of its confirmed cases in June, within weeks of reopening after a rigid lockdown. As of 8 July, India had 742,417 confirmed cases. But the true scale of infection rates in the population is unclear, according to virologist Shahid Jameel. The government conducted a random sample of 26,000 Indians in May, which showed that 0.73% had the virus. Some experts have reservations about the sample size, but others, such as Dr Jameel, say it's the only country-wide indicator they have to work with. "If we extrapolate that to the whole population, we would have had 10 million infections in mid-May," Dr Jameel said. Given that confirmed cases in India have been doubling every 20 days, that would put the current total between 30 and 40 million. The gap between confirmed cases and actual infections exists in every country, but to different degrees. Testing is the only way to bridge it. "If you test more, you will find more," Dr Jameel said. That's what has happened in India in recent weeks - as the government ramped up testing, case numbers suddenly increased. India has done more than 10 million tests since 13 March, but more than half of those happened after 1 June. 2. India is just not testing enough India's official caseload is high in absolute numbers, but it's relatively low in per capita terms. The world, on average, has three times as many cases as India per capita - a fact pointed out by the government recently. But, according to Dr Jameel, India's per capita caseload is low simply because it tests so little. Compare India to countries that have a high per capita caseload and you will find those countries are testing far more. India's caseload is nearly invisible on this scale because its testing rate is so low. But it's not just about how much you test, it's also about who you test. India's emphasis on test and trace early on limited the pool of people it was testing to high-risk cases and their contacts - and kept it from expanding to the wider population. Test and trace is insufficient once the infection starts to spread rapidly, said Himanshu Tyagi and Aditya Gopalan, mathematicians who have studied Covid-19 testing strategies. It helps with containment, but it does not discover new cases that have emerged undetected in the community, Mr Tyagi and Mr Gopalan said. India has to test a broad swathe of people for that to happen. But how do we know who India is testing? Comparing testing numbers across countries is tricky because some count how many people they test, while others count how many tests they do. India does the latter and this number is slightly exaggerated because most people get tested more than once. So instead, scientists prefer to calculate how many tests it takes to find a single confirmed case. The more tests it takes, the wider you are casting your net. Here, India fares poorly compared to countries that have managed to control the spread of the virus. And the more widely you test, the lower your positive rate - that's why New Zealand and Taiwan have rates well below 1%. India's positive rate is now up from 3.8% in April to 6.4% in July. If it keeps rising, it's because testing is still limited to a narrow pool of high-risk people and their contacts. 3. India's recovery numbers are promising The data suggests that those in India who have been diagnosed with the virus are recovering from it faster than they are dying from it. This is crucial, Dr Jameel said, because it determines the strain on the health system. Currently, deaths are rising more slowly than confirmed cases or recoveries - but if that rate quickens, it would increase the pressure on hospitals, possibly driving up deaths. The caveat is that low testing rates means fewer new cases are recorded, and at a slower pace. That will quicken the recovery rate in comparison to that of confirmed cases. Globally, India's recovery curve appears steeper than other badly hit countries - in this instance, a steeper curve is a good thing. It means Covid-19 patients in India are recovering faster than those in the US or Brazil. India's share of recoveries - that is, the % of total confirmed cases in a given country that have made a full recovery - is also higher. At nearly 60%, it's far ahead of the US, where it is 27%. When it comes to recovery though, data is patchy and the definition varies. India defines as recovered anyone who tests positive for the virus and then, weeks later, tests negative. Some countries only count hospitalised cases that make a full recovery. What's important is that, irrespective of how many people are recovering within each of these countries, India's share of recoveries is higher. And that's because India's reported deaths are lower. 4. India's death rate is very low India has so far recorded about 20,160 deaths from Covid-19. In absolute numbers, that is the eighth highest tally in the world. But per million of the population, it is low. "It's a fraction of what you are seeing in Western Europe," said Shamika Ravi, an economist and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. There have been a lot of questions around India's Covid-19 death figures, and most experts agree that they are likely being underreported. But Dr Ravi said that did not explain the significant gap in death rates between India and Europe. "If we were indeed having high death rates, no amount of data could have hidden that - that's 20-40 times as many deaths," she said. India's low death rate is also similar to other countries in the region, such as Pakistan or Indonesia. Theories range from a higher prevalence of infections in the region to a less virulent strain of the virus circulating in these countries to younger populations on average than badly hit Western nations, given that Covid-19 predominantly kills the elderly. "Every country cannot be fudging its data," Dr Jameel said. "Maybe innate immunity in these populations is higher due to a high load of other infections. But we really do not know yet why their deaths rates are so low. 5. Each Indian state tells us a different story Much like the US or the European Union, coronavirus statistics vary widely across India's states. Three states - Delhi, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu - account currently for about 60% of the country's caseload. And as case numbers have waned in some areas, they have surged in others. The latest surge is in Karnataka and Telangana, in the south. Another southern state, Andhra Pradesh, is also seeing consistent and intense spikes. India's response to the virus has so far been centralised, and that is part of what needs to change, experts said. India would have to be "broken down into districts" to implement a successful strategy against coronavirus, Dr Jameel said, "because another national lockdown could be even less effective than the last one." And rather than state-level snapshots, the authorities would need granular, localised data, according to Dr Ravi. "Every block, we must know if you have symptoms," she said.

ভারতে করোনাভাইরাসের সংক্রমণ হয়েছে ধীর গতিতে। কিন্তু প্রথম সংক্রমণ শনাক্ত হবার ছয় মাস পর, ভারত এখন রাশিয়াকে টপকে বিশ্বে সবচেয়ে সংক্রমিত দেশগুলোর তালিকায় তৃতীয় স্থানে উঠে এসেছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Sam WalkerBBC Radio 5 Live presenter However, the researchers found that the environmental impact of different foods varies hugely. Many of us have cut down on using plastic bags and plastic straws, recycle where possible and have turned our heating down a degree or two. But have you considered how your weekly shop can change the world? For BBC Radio 5 Live's Cool Planet season, I wanted to find out how making small changes to our grocery choices can have a big impact on the planet, so I went shopping with Professor Mike Berners-Lee from Lancaster University who specialises in climate change and sustainable food systems. Meat and fish We don't eat meat in our house but I'm well aware that most people do. Think of the average weekday dinner - grilled chicken breasts, sausage and mash, spaghetti Bolognese. Professor Berners-Lee says: "I'm afraid to say that beef is the world's highest carbon meat of them all." He says chicken is better for the environment, but adds "it's still true to say that all meats are a less efficient way of doing agriculture than humans eating plant-based food." What about fish? Professor Berners-Lee suggests asking a fishmonger for a sustainable variety and limiting fish to one or two small portions a week. If you can't bear the thought of being vegetarian, don't worry - cutting down is a great start. Going meat-free just one day a week can have a huge impact - research published in 2018 showed that greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture would be reduced by more than a half if we all only ate one portion of red meat a week. Fruit and vegetables "Fruit and vegetables are almost always good sustainable foods", says Professor Berners-Lee, "but there are some exceptions. "If a piece of fruit or a vegetable is out of season you have to ask yourself how did it get here? "If it looks like it has a good robust skin on it like a pineapple or apple or an orange or banana, then it will have gone on a boat which is much cheaper and it has about a hundredth of the carbon footprint of putting it on an aeroplane which burns through hundreds of tonnes of fuel for one flight." If you can't be without strawberries or raspberries in winter, then Professor Berners-Lee says: "By far the best thing you can do is buy them frozen and they're still delicious. Sometimes people think surely that's a really high carbon footprint because of the refrigeration - it turns out not to be that big a deal." I love tender stem broccoli and have always assumed that it's the same as regular broccoli - but actually, Professor Berners-Lee says the particular vegetable has a high carbon footprint: "It will have been air freighted in, usually all the way from Kenya," he says. Flowers And if like me, you love popping a bunch of flowers in your trolley to brighten up winter days, roses or lilies will have either been hot-housed or flown in, or possibly both. You could buy a potted plant or wait until spring and buy some wonderful British daffodils. Professor Mike Berners-Lee's golden rules: Click here to find out more about BBC Radio 5 Live's Cool Planet season.

অক্সফোর্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের এক গবেষণায় বলা হয়েছে যে বিশ্বে যে পরিমাণ গ্রিন হাউজ গ্যাস নির্গমন হয় তার এক চতুর্থাংশের জন্য দায়ী খাদ্য উৎপাদন। অর্থাৎ বৈশ্বিক উষ্ণায়নের পেছনে এই খাদ্য উৎপাদন অন্যতম প্রধান কারণ।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

A projectile hit the Green Zone near the US embassy while several more were fired north of the Iraqi capital at Balad air base, which houses US forces. Nobody was hurt in the attacks, Iraqi security sources said. No group said it was behind the development. Pro-Iranian militants have been blamed for other recent attacks. Iranian leaders have vowed to avenge the killing of Qasem Soleimani, who was regarded as a terrorist by the US. President Trump warned on Twitter that the US is "targeting" 52 Iranian sites and will strike "very fast and very hard" if Tehran hits Americans or US assets. Saturday's funeral procession through Baghdad and Iraq's Shia Muslim holy cities precedes the return of Soleimani's remains to Iran. Iraqis were also mourning the death of Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, an Iraqi who commanded the Iranian-backed Kataib Hezbollah group and was killed along with Soleimani. In another development, the group issued a warning to Iraqi security forces to "stay clear of American bases by a distance not less [than] 1,000m (0.6 miles) starting Sunday evening", al-Mayadeen TV reported. In response to Iranian threats of revenge, the US has sent 3,000 more troops to the Middle East and advised its citizens to leave Iraq. What happened in the new attacks? At least one rocket or mortar round hit Celebration Square in the Green Zone, while another exploded in the city's Jadria area, Iraqi security sources said. After two rockets hit Balad air base, surveillance drones were sent up to locate the source, AFP news agency reported. How did the Iraqi stage of the funeral proceed? Waving Iraqi and militia flags and chanting "Death to America", mourners walked behind the coffins from Al Muthana Airport to the gate of the Green Zone on Saturday. Some mourners carried portraits of Soleimani while others held portraits of Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. Later, the procession left for the holy cities of Karbala and Najaf. Some Iraqis, conversely, celebrated in Baghdad's streets at the news of Soleimani's death. He was accused of orchestrating violent crackdowns on peaceful pro-democracy protests there in recent months. Reports say the bodies of Soleimani and four other Iranians killed in the air strike will be flown on Saturday evening to Iran, which has declared three days of mourning for the assassinated general. His funeral in Iran is to be held on Tuesday. Iran's retaliation is certain, but when, where and how is not. For now, the priority is to cement Qasem Soleimani's status as a national hero, to ensure he remains powerful in death as in life. Elaborate plans for his funeral have been expanded, a mix of carefully scripted ceremony with outpourings of grief filling the streets. It begins in Baghdad where he died, and where so much of his legacy lives. From there his remains travel to Iran's holy city of Mashhad, to his hometown Kerman, and then to Tehran where the supreme leader will preside over final prayers - a rare honour, to send another signal. Ayatollah Khamenei has promoted his loyal officer to lieutenant general. More important is to elevate his martyrdom, to draw in rivals who resented his status and Iranians who reviled his costly foreign adventures. Iranian leaders hope his killing will unite a nation as it stares at a far more uncertain future. How has Iran responded to the assassination? Its leaders have pledged to avenge the death of the man who led the Quds Force, an elite unit of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). Soleimani, 62, was widely seen as the second most powerful figure in Iran after Ayatollah Khamenei. The Quds Force reported directly to the ayatollah, and Soleimani was hailed as a heroic national figure. Visiting Soleimani's family members at their house in Tehran, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani said: "Revenge for his blood will be exacted on that day when the filthy hands of America will be cut off forever from the region." Ayatollah Khamenei promised earlier that revenge would be "forceful" while a senior IRGC general, Gholamali Abuhamzeh, raised the prospect of attacks on US warships in the Gulf. At a march in Tehran on Saturday, one demonstrator told Reuters: "[Soleimani] was a man who - unlike many of our officials - was an enemy for our enemies and treated our own people very well. Therefore he was very popular. So, the only thing we want of our statesmen and our supreme leader is... to take revenge." Simmering US-Iranian hostilities escalated rapidly last week after the US conducted air strikes in Iraq and Syria against Kataib Hezbollah, which the US blamed for an earlier rocket attack that killed an American civilian contractor. Pro-Iranian militia attacked the US embassy in Baghdad in response. In a letter to the UN Security Council responding to the strike on Soleimani, Iran's UN ambassador Majid Takht Ravanchi said that Iran reserved the right to self-defence under international law. Analysts said Iran could deploy cyber-attacks against the US, or attempt to strike US military targets or interests in the Middle East. Why did the US kill Soleimani? US President Donald Trump accused "the number one terrorist anywhere in the world" of "plotting imminent and sinister attacks on American diplomats and military personnel". But no details were given of the alleged planned attacks and a New York Times correspondent has quoted two unnamed US officials as telling her that evidence of such plotting was "razor thin". Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi told his Iranian counterpart, Javad Zarif, that the US killing of Soleimani was an abuse of military power, while Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, who also phoned Mr Zarif, said the killing "grossly" violated the norms of international law. The UK Foreign Office hardened its travel advice for Iran and Iraq. UK Defence Secretary Ben Wallace also announced that two British warships would resume escort duties in the Strait of Hormuz - a narrow shipping route in the Gulf region through which a fifth of the world's oil is transported. In a statement, he urged all parties to "de-escalate the situation", adding: "Under international law the United States is entitled to defend itself against those posing an imminent threat to their citizens." On Saturday the White House sent the US Congress formal notification of Friday's drone strike - in line with a 1973 US law that states the administration must alert Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to immediate or imminent military action. It was expected to clarify the authority under which the strike was launched, and the expected type and duration of military involvement. The notification is classified. Nancy Pelosi, the top Congressional Democrat, said it "prompts serious and urgent questions about the timing, manner and justification of the administration's decision to engage in hostilities against Iran". How does Iraq fit into this? Iran supports a variety of Shia militia groups in neighbouring Iraq. Soleimani had just arrived at Baghdad airport and was travelling in a convoy alongside officials from such militia when their cars were hit by several US missiles. Iraq now finds itself in a difficult position as an ally both of Iran and of the US. Thousands of US troops remain in the country to assist in the broader struggle against the Sunni Muslim Islamic State (IS) group but Iraq's government insists the US has acted beyond the terms of this agreement. Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi labelled the missile strike as a "brazen violation of Iraq's sovereignty and a blatant attack on the nation's dignity", and Iraq's parliament announced it would hold an emergency meeting on Sunday.

বৃহস্পতিবার মার্কিন বিমান হামলায় নিহত ইরানের শীর্ষস্থানীয় জেনারেল কাসেম সোলেইমানির জানাজার বিশাল মিছিলের কয়েক ঘণ্টা পরে বাগদাদ অঞ্চল কেঁপে ওঠে বেশ কয়েকটি বিস্ফোরণে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

"They should have opposed partition, which led to the formation of Pakistan," he told BBC Hindi's Nitin Srivastava in an exclusive interview. Mr Adityanath is the chief minister of the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state and home to nearly a quarter of India's 200 million Muslims. He is also a top leader in the governing Bharatiya Janata Party, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. His government has recently been accused of using excessive force against protesters, especially Muslims, opposing a contentious new citizenship law. But Mr Adityanath has denied these widespread allegations, even though they have been backed by compelling evidence. The 47-year-old, saffron-robed, head priest of an influential Hindu temple is no stranger to controversy - he has made headlines for his hardline rhetoric, often directed against Muslims. His comments appear to have intensified amid anti-government protests spurred by the citizenship law, known as the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). It offers amnesty to non-Muslim illegal immigrants from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. It has been criticised for targeting Muslims, but Mr Modi's government insists it does no such thing, and only seeks to indentify unauthorised immigrants. But the law sparked massive protests in December, including large sit-in demonstrations, some of which are still continuing. The most notable of these is in Delhi's Shaheen Bagh, where hundreds of Muslim women have been camped out in protest for more than a month now. In a veiled reference to the protesters in Shaheen Bagh, the chief minister told the BBC: "Men of a particular community, who are cowards, are sitting in their quilts and sending women and children out of their homes to protest against this law." While accepting that "everyone has the right to peacefully protest in India", he claimed that the protest in Shaheen Bagh was "not peaceful, and was causing trouble to commuters and residents". The protest has been peaceful, but its location on one of Delhi's biggest roads has led to traffic snarls, although demonstrators allow emergency vehicles to pass through. But this is not the first time Mr Adiyanath has spoken out against the protests in Shaheen Bagh. During the interview, he repeated an accusation he has levelled against Arvind Kejriwal, the chief minister of the national capital, Delhi: that he "feeds hundreds of protesting women and children biryani", a popular rice-based dish that's associated with Muslim cuisine. This is a claim he has made while campaigning for this Saturday's state election in Delhi, where he has invoked "Hindu nationalistic pride", while ridiculing neighbouring Pakistan. Mr Kejrwal, a fierce critic of the BJP and Mr Modi, is up for re-election. His party won an emphatic victory in 2015, defeating all opposition, including the BJP. "We aren't the biryani-eating people", Mr Adityanath has said on the campaign trail, adding that after becoming PM, Mr Modi has been "shooting terrorists with bullets rather than giving them biryani." He told the BBC he stood by this statement. The protests against the CAA saw hundreds injured, and many even died amid violent clashes with police. And protesters often accused the police of using excessive force against them. Nowhere have the allegations been more serious than in Mr Adityanath's Uttar Pradesh, where at least 19 people died in the protests. There have been numerous of reports of intimidation and threats against Muslims - videos from Kanpur city show policemen allegedly vandalising cars and homes in Muslim-populated areas. Thousands, mostly Muslim men, were detained across the state. The BBC reported on similar incidents in other cities. Mr Adityanath justified the firing against "violent protesters", while denying allegations of police using force against peaceful protesters. He said, "armed, rampaging mobs were dealt with by the police when they started damaging public property". Asked if he would order action against protesters again, he said, "Yes, if they damage public property in the garb of opposing a law, which is non-discriminatory." His government has also been accused of a series of extra-judicial killings since Mr Adityanath came to power in March 2017 - a charge he denied. "There have been no [such] killings", he said. "People opposing me have been spreading false rumours but my administration is running superbly. The truth will be out soon."

ভারতীয় উপমহাদেশে ব্রিটিশ ঔপনিবেশিক শাসন শেষে অর্থাৎ দেশভাগের সময় যেসব মুসলমান ভারতে থেকে গিয়েছিলেন, তারা ভারতে থেকে যাবার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়ে দেশকে 'ধন্য' করেননি বলে মন্তব্য করেছেন দেশটির সবচেয়ে বিতর্কিত ডানপন্থী রাজনীতিবিদের একজন যোগী আদিত্যনাথ।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

He has won plaudits from Western leaders for some of the reforms he has overseen in the conservative Gulf kingdom, including lifting the ban on women driving and seeking to diversify the economy. But he has also been heavily criticised for pursuing a war in neighbouring Yemen that has caused a humanitarian catastrophe; starting a diplomatic dispute with Qatar that has divided the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC); and cracking down on dissenting voices. There were even calls for him to be replaced as crown prince after the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, a prominent critic of the government, was killed by Saudi agents at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul in 2018. He denied any involvement, but the murder badly damaged his international reputation. Mohammed bin Salman was born on 31 August 1985, the eldest son of then-Prince Salman bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud's third wife, Fahdah bint Falah bin Sultan. He worked for several state bodies before being appointed special adviser to his father, who was serving as governor of Riyadh, in 2009. Mohammed bin Salman's rise to power began in 2013, when he was named head of the Crown Prince's Court, with the rank of minister. His father had been appointed crown prince the previous year. In January 2015, King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz died and Salman acceded to the throne, appointing his son as minister of defence. One of Mohammed bin Salman's first acts in the post was to launch a military campaign in Yemen in March 2015 along with other Arab states. They intervened after the Houthi rebel movement, which they saw as an Iranian proxy, seized control of the capital Sanaa and forced President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi to flee abroad. The campaign has made limited progress over the past five years. The fighting has also reportedly left more than 110,000 people dead; seen Saudi Arabia and its allies being accused of possible war crimes; and triggered the world's worst humanitarian disaster, with millions on the brink of famine. Mohammed bin Salman's power increased with his appointment in April 2015 as deputy crown prince, second deputy prime minister and president of the Council of Economic and Development Affairs. Now in charge of the war in Yemen and Saudi Arabia's economy, his importance as a policymaker became clear the following year when he unveiled an ambitious and wide-ranging plan to bring economic and social change to the kingdom and end its "addiction" to oil. The plan, called Vision 2030, envisages increasing non-oil revenue to 600bn riyals ($160bn; £124bn) by 2020 and 1trn riyals by 2030, up from 163.5bn riyals in 2015. The plan also involved changing the education curriculum, increasing the participation of women in the country's male-dominated workforce, and investing in the entertainment sector to help create jobs for young people. The prince was also seen as having spearheaded a boycott of fellow Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member Qatar in 2017 over its alleged support for terrorism and meddling in its neighbours' affairs - charges Qatar denies. Mohammed bin Salman's ascent continued when in June that year King Salman replaced the crown prince - his nephew, Mohammed bin Nayef - with his son. The new crown prince subsequently sought to consolidate his power, launching a crackdown against perceived opponents. More than 20 influential clerics and intellectuals were detained as the authorities targeted a group allegedly acting on behalf of "foreign parties against the security of the kingdom". When King Salman announced (despite objections from conservatives) that a bar on women drivers would end in June 2018 in Saudi Arabia - the last country in the world where such a prohibition existed - Mohammed bin Salman was given much of the credit. This was followed by the crown prince's declaration that the return of "moderate Islam" was key to his plans to modernise the kingdom, and his launch of a sweeping anti-corruption drive. Ostensibly aimed at recovering a fortune in ill-gotten gains, many analysts said the purge of powerful princes and business figures removed the final obstacles to Mohammed bin Salman gaining total control of the kingdom. The mass arrests however unsettled the foreign investors he was counting on to help modernise Saudi Arabia's economy, and new foreign direct investment plunged to a 14-year low in 2017. Women's rights activists were also rounded up shortly before the ban on women driving was lifted. Several were accused of serious crimes, including "suspicious contact with foreign parties" - a sign of the Saudi leadership's intolerance of criticism despite the appearance of social reforms. Mohammed bin Salman defended the detention of the activists, saying they had "misused" their right to free speech. "Here we are trying to get rid of extremism and terrorism without civil war, without stopping the country from growing," he said. "So if there is a small price in that area, it's better than paying a big debt to do that move." But it was the murder in October 2018 of Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi which was to tarnish Mohammed bin Salman's image abroad the most. Khashoggi had fled Saudi Arabia the previous year and written columns critical of the crown prince. UN Special Rapporteur Agnes Callamard said Khashoggi was "brutally slain" inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul by a team of Saudi agents, who dismembered his body and then disposed of it. She concluded that Khashoggi was "the victim of a deliberate, premeditated execution" for which the Saudi state was responsible. She also said there was credible evidence that high-level Saudi officials, including Mohammed bin Salman, were individually liable. However, the Saudi government insisted the journalist's death was the result of a "rogue operation" and that the crown prince was not involved in any way. Mohammed bin Salman denied he had ordered the murder, but said he took "full responsibility... especially since it was committed by individuals working for the Saudi government". Saudi prosecutors put 11 unnamed individuals on trial over the killing (five were found guilty and sentenced to death, later commuted to life imprisonment; three others received jail terms). Ms Callamard called the Saudi trial a "parody of justice" and said the crown prince "remained well protected against any kind of meaningful scrutiny".

২০১৫ সালে বাদশাহ সালমান দেশটির সিংহাসনে আরোহণের আগে তাঁর পুত্র মোহাম্মদ বিন সালমানের নাম বিশ্বের খুব কম মানুষই জানতো।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

On Twitter, he blasted "haters and fools", who, he said, do not encourage good relations between the countries. Earlier he said Mr Putin told him he was insulted by allegations of Russian interference in the 2016 US election. The US intelligence community has previously concluded that Russia tried to sway the poll in Mr Trump's favour. "He said he absolutely did not meddle in our election," the US president said. However, after intense criticism, Mr Trump clarified that he supported US intelligence agencies in their conclusion. "As to whether or not I believe it or not, I'm with our agencies. I believe in our... intelligence agencies," he said. "What he believes, he believes," he added, of Mr Putin's belief that Russia did not meddle. The two leaders had no formal bilateral talks during the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (Apec) event, but meet in passing on three occasions. They spoke about the Syria crisis and the election allegations, according to Mr Trump. Republican Senator John McCain, a vehement critic of Mr Trump, called him naive for "taking the word of a KGB colonel over that of the American intelligence community". A CIA statement passed to US media said: "The intelligence assessment with regard to Russian election meddling has not changed." In his tweets, Mr Trump also said his predecessor, Barack Obama lacked "chemistry" with President Putin. The US justice department has appointed special investigator Robert Mueller to examine any possible collusion involving Mr Trump's team, and legal action has already been taken against several former aides. What are the allegations against Russia? President Trump has refused to acknowledge a reported assessment by the CIA and other intelligence agencies that Russia was behind the hacking of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) in the run-up to last year's presidential election. The contents of the emails, passed to Wikileaks and posted online, were embarrassing to the Democrats and shook up the presidential campaign, which ended in defeat for Hillary Clinton. In addition to the Mueller inquiry, congressional committees have been set up to carry out their own investigations. Relations between the US and Russia have been strained for years, with the Kremlin long accusing Washington of seeking to sway elections in Russia and other ex-Soviet states including Ukraine and Georgia. While Russian hackers are widely suspected of involvement, there has been no conclusive link to the Kremlin. Denying that Russia had tried to interfere last year by fostering contacts with Mr Trump's campaign, Mr Putin told reporters in Vietnam: "Everything about the so-called Russian dossier in the US is a manifestation of a continuing domestic political struggle." What does Mr Trump say to the allegations? He said he believed Mr Putin had been "very insulted by" the allegations and that was "not a good thing" for America. "He [Putin] said he didn't meddle," he added. "I asked him again." Asked if he believed Mr Putin, he replied, "He is very, very strong in the fact that he didn't do it. You have President Putin very strongly, vehemently says he has nothing to do with that. Now, you are not going to get into an argument, you are going to start talking about Syria and the Ukraine." Trump out on a limb again Aleem Maqbool, BBC News, Da Nang Donald Trump once again goes against the findings of his own intelligence agencies. Because although the US justice department is investigating the scale and nature of Russian interference in the election of 2016 (and any links to the Trump campaign), the American intelligence community has already long determined that Russia did, indeed, interfere. Yet Mr Trump suggested this story was not only entirely fabricated by his political opponents, it might even be costing lives in Syria, because it is getting in the way of his relationship with the Russian president and hampering their ability to help solve the conflict together. "People will die because of it, and it's a pure hit job, and it's artificially induced and that's a shame," he said. It is hard to know what the president hopes to achieve with this type of rhetoric. The investigation goes on. How did the two presidents get on in Vietnam? Mr Trump and Mr Putin met for the first time in July at a G20 summit in the German city of Hamburg. In Da Nang they were seen chatting briefly on three occasions within 24 hours during the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (Apec) summit. However, they had no formal bilateral meeting, with Mr Putin blaming it on scheduling and protocol. They had warm words for each other, with the US president talking of their mutual "very good feeling" and the Russian leader describing his counterpart as "well-mannered... and comfortable to deal with". They did manage to sign off a statement vowing to continue the battle against so-called Islamic State in Syria until the militants are defeated and calling for a political solution to the conflict. How far has US justice department investigation progressed? Last month, former Trump campaign adviser George Papadopoulos pleaded guilty to having lied to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) about the timing of meetings with alleged go-betweens for Russia. He testified that Russian nationals had contacted him in an attempt to gain influence with the Trump campaign, offering "dirt" in the form of "thousands of emails" on Mrs Clinton in April 2016 - two months before the DNC emails were leaked. Mr Trump has played down the importance of Mr Papadopoulos, calling him a "low-level volunteer" and "liar". On Saturday, Mr Putin brushed aside US media reports that a woman wrongly identified by Mr Papadopoulos as the Russian president's niece had offered to help broker meetings with Kremlin officials. "I do not know anything about it and I think it is just some fantasies," Mr Putin said. Mr Trump's former campaign manager, Paul Manafort, and an associate were also placed under house arrest on charges of money laundering as a result of the Mueller inquiry, but the charges do not relate to the election.

মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন, ভিয়েতনামে এশিয়া-প্যাসিফিক অর্থনৈতিক সহযোগিতা এপেক সম্মেলনে রুশ প্রেসিডেন্ট ভ্লাদিমির পুতিনের সঙ্গে তার 'ফলপ্রসু আলোচনা' হয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Stephanie HegartyPopulation correspondent Dan Price was hiking with his friend Valerie in the Cascade mountains that loom majestically over Seattle, when he had an uncomfortable revelation. As they walked, she told him that her life was in chaos, that her landlord had put her monthly rent up by $200 and she was struggling to pay her bills. It made Price angry. Valerie, who he had once dated, had served for 11 years in the military, doing two tours in Iraq, and was now working 50 hours a week in two jobs to make ends meet. "She is somebody for whom service, honour and hard work just defines who she is as a person," he says. Even though she was earning around $40,000 a year, in Seattle that wasn't enough to afford a decent home. He was angry that the world had become such an unequal place. And suddenly it struck him that he was part of the problem. At 31, Price was a millionaire. His company, Gravity Payments, which he set up in his teens, had about 2,000 customers and an estimated worth of millions of dollars. Though he was earning $1.1m a year, Valerie brought home to him that a lot of his staff must be struggling - and he decided to change that. Raised in deeply Christian, rural Idaho, Dan Price is upbeat and positive, generous in his praise of others and impeccably polite, but he has become a crusader against inequality in the US. "People are starving or being laid off or being taken advantage of, so that somebody can have a penthouse at the top of a tower in New York with gold chairs. "We're glorifying greed all the time as a society, in our culture. And, you know, the Forbes list is the worst example - 'Bill Gates has passed Jeff Bezos as the richest man.' Who cares!?" Before 1995 the poorest half of the population of the United States earned a greater share of national wealth than the richest 1%, he points out. But that year the tables turned - the top 1% earned more than the bottom 50%. And the gap is continuing to widen. In 1965, CEOs in the US earned 20 times more than the average worker but by 2015 it had risen to 300 times (in the UK, the bosses of FTSE 100 companies now earn 117 times the salary of their average worker). Breathing in the crisp mountain air as he hiked with Valerie, Price had an idea. He had read a study by the Nobel prize-winning economists Daniel Kahneman and Angus Deaton, looking at how much money an American needs to be happy. He immediately promised Valerie he would significantly raise the minimum salary at Gravity. After crunching the numbers, he arrived at the figure of $70,000. He realised that he would not only have to slash his salary, but also mortgage his two houses and give up his stocks and savings. He gathered his staff together and gave them the news. He'd expected scenes of celebration, but at first the announcement floated down upon the room in something of an anti-climax, Price says. He had to repeat himself before the enormity of what was happening landed. Five years later, Dan laughs about the fact that he missed a key point in the Princeton professors' research. The amount they estimated people need to be happy was $75,000. Still, a third of those working at the company would have their salaries doubled immediately. Since then, Gravity has transformed. The headcount has doubled and the value of payments that the company processes has gone from $3.8bn a year to $10.2bn. But there are other metrics that Price is more proud of. "Before the $70,000 minimum wage, we were having between zero and two babies born per year amongst the team," he says. "And since the announcement - and it's been only about four-and-a-half years - we've had more than 40 babies." More than 10% of the company have been able to buy their own home, in one of the US's most expensive cities for renters. Before the figure was less than 1%. "There was a little bit of concern amongst pontificators out there that people would squander any gains that they would have. And we've really seen the opposite," Price says. The amount of money that employees are voluntarily putting into their own pension funds has more than doubled and 70% of employees say they've paid off debt. But Price did get a lot of flak. Along with hundreds of letters of support, and magazine covers labelling him "America's best boss", many of Gravity's own customers wrote handwritten letters objecting to what they saw as a political statement. At the time, Seattle was debating an increase to the minimum wage to $15, making it the highest in the US at the time. Small business owners were fighting it, claiming they would go out of business. The right-wing radio pundit, Rush Limbaugh, whom Price had listened to every day in his childhood, called him a communist. "I hope this company is a case study in MBA programmes on how socialism does not work, because it's going to fail," he said. Two senior Gravity employees also resigned in protest. They weren't happy that the salaries of junior staff had jumped overnight, and argued that it would make them lazy, and the company uncompetitive. This hasn't happened. Rosita Barlow, director of sales at Gravity, says that since salaries were raised junior colleagues have been pulling more weight. "When money is not at the forefront of your mind when you're doing your job, it allows you to be more passionate about what motivates you," she says. Senior staff have found their workload reduced. They're under less pressure and can do things like take all of the holiday leave to which they are entitled. Price tells the story about one staff member who works in Gravity's call centre. "He was commuting over an hour and a half a day," he says. "He was worried that during his commute he was going to blow out a tyre and not have enough money to fix that tyre. He was stressing about it every day." When his salary was raised to $70,000 this man moved closer to the office, now he spends more money on his health, he exercises every day and eats more healthily. "We had another gentleman on a similar team and he literally lost more than 50lb (22kg)," he says. Others report spending more time with their families or helping their parents pay off debt. "We saw, every day, the effects of giving somebody freedom," Price says. He thinks it is why Gravity is making more money than ever. Raising salaries didn't change people's motivation - he says staff were already motivated to work hard - but it increased what he calls their capability. "You're not thinking I have to go to work because I have to make money," Rosita Barlow agrees. "Now it's become focused on 'How do I do good work?'" Barlow has been with Gravity since the early days and knows that Price wasn't always so generous. He acknowledges himself that there was a time in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis when he was obsessed with saving money. The downturn in the US economy decimated Gravity's customer base and its income fell by 20%. Business logic would have dictated letting go about 12 of the company's 35 staff, but instead Price focused on cutting costs. After five tense months, the company started turning a profit again, but Price was profoundly spooked, and kept salaries low. At this time Rosita Barlow was experiencing her own financial problems, and secretly working at McDonald's outside work hours. When McDonald's offered her a promotion, she accidentally left a training manual on her desk at Gravity, and someone spotted it. Her bosses called her in for a meeting. "They sat me down and my immediate reaction was to cry," Barlow says. She thought she was being fired. Instead they told her to figure out how much money she'd need to stay on at the company and they raised her salary to $40,000. "I was very impressed and proud of her and mad at myself," Price says. It took him a few more years to grasp the scale of the problem among his staff. "Most were too intimidated to come to me and tell me how a lack of pay was hurting them," he says. Before 2015, he had already begun giving employees 20% annual pay rises. But it was his conversation with Valerie that convinced him to go further. Price had hoped that Gravity's example would lead to far-reaching changes in US business. He's deeply disappointed and sad that this hasn't happened. Some did follow suit, PharmaLogics in Boston raised their minimum salary to $50,000, and Rented.com in Atlanta raised theirs too. He believes that, by means of online lobbying, he also influenced Amazon's decisions to raise their minimum wage. But he had hoped for widespread, structural change. "Boy, was I wrong," he says. "I've really failed in that regard. And it's changed my perspective on things because I really believed that through the actions that I did and that other people could do, that we could turn the tide on runaway income inequality." The change has had a profound effect on Price and his lifestyle. Before taking a pay cut, Price was the cliché of a young white tech millionaire. He lived in a beautiful house overlooking Seattle's Puget Sound, he drank champagne in expensive restaurants. Afterwards, he rented his house out on Airbnb to help stay afloat. A group of employees became sick of watching him turn up at work in a 12-year-old Audi and secretly clubbed together to buy him a Tesla. A film the company posted on YouTube follows one of the group, Alyssa O'Neal, as she schemes with her colleagues to surprise him with the car. "I feel like this is the ultimate way to say thank you for all the sacrifices he's made and any of the negative stuff he's had to deal with," she says. Price then walks out of the office into the car park, sees the car, and starts crying. Five years later, Price is still on Gravity's minimum salary. He says he's more fulfilled than he ever was when he was earning millions though it's not all easy. "There's tests every day," he says. "I'm the same age as Mark Zuckerberg and I have dark moments where I think, 'I want to be just as rich as Mark Zuckerberg and I want to compete with him to be on the Forbes list. And I want to be on the cover of Time magazine, making lots of money.' All these greedy things are tempting." "It's not like it's easy to just turn down. But my life is so much better."

২০১৫ সালে সিয়াটলের এক কার্ড পেমেন্ট কোম্পানির বস নিজের প্রতিষ্ঠানের জন্য নতুন বেতন কাঠামো চালু করেন। কোম্পানির প্রধানসহ ১২০জন কর্মীর সবার জন্য নূন্যতম বেতন ৭০ হাজার মার্কিন ডলার নির্ধারণ করে দেন, এবং তার নিজের বেতন এক মিলিয়ন ডলার অর্থাৎ ১০ লক্ষ ডলার কমিয়ে দেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Dr Sophie Hawkesworth & Dr Lindsay KeirWellcome But the truth is more complex. Nine out of 10 countries are in the grip of a health epidemic known as the "double burden" - where overweight and undernourished people live side-by-side. A worldwide explosion in the availability of unhealthy foods, a shift towards office jobs and the growth of transport and television are among the many causes. Often, this double burden occurs not only within a community, but also within the same family. It can even happen within the same person, who is overweight but lacking in vital nutrients. Alternatively, they can be part of a phenomenon known as "thin-fat", where people appear to be a healthy weight, but carry large amounts of hidden fat. Obese children Every country in the world is struggling with a nutrition problem of some kind. The number of people suffering from chronic food deprivation reached an estimated 815m in 2016 - a 5% increase in two years. Much of the increase was in Africa, where 20% of people were malnourished. Meanwhile, obesity rates have tripled over the last 40 years. Globally, more than 600m adults are obese, while 1.9bn are overweight. The number of obese people in developing countries is catching up with the developed world. The highest rates of childhood obesity can be found in Micronesia, the Middle East and the Caribbean. And since 2000 the number of obese children in Africa has doubled. In many places it is common to find children whose diet does not meet their needs. In South Africa, almost one in three boys are overweight or obese, while a further third are underweight. In Brazil, 36% of girls are overweight or obese, while 16% are classed as underweight. Money to spend Lifestyle changes are partly to blame for the double burden of obesity and under-nourishment. Many low and middle-income countries, such as India and Brazil, have a new middle class with disposable income, rather than just the money to spend on essentials. Often, this has meant a move away from traditional foods towards more Western diets high in sugars, fats and meat, and low in unrefined grains and beans. In some countries this has also happened as people move from the countryside to the city, where there is much more choice of food. For example, a study of young children in China suggested that in the countryside, obesity rates were 10%, while the malnutrition rate was 21%. In cities, 17% of children were obese while 14% were malnourished. Although many people's diets may be higher in calories, they can still offer too few vitamins and minerals. Professor Ranjan Yajnik, a diabetes specialist in Pune, India, is seeing first-hand one impact this change of diets is having. "Diabetes was considered a disease of the older and more obese," he says. "But in India we're seeing it in younger people and with a lower BMI." Indians are eating fewer nutrient-rich foods and getting more calories from junk food, he says, resulting in the problem of thin-fat - "people who are thin by most criteria are actually carrying large amounts of hidden fat". Hidden, or visceral fat, accumulates around internal organs, including the liver. High levels of visceral fat may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease, even if the carrier doesn't look overweight. Tackling hunger Children are particularly vulnerable to unhealthy diets, as they need vitamins and minerals in order to grow and develop normally. Some households contain children who are undernourished, even as they eat the same diet as their obese parents, because they are deficient in vitamins. Research also suggests stunted or malnourished children are more likely to become overweight later in life, as their metabolism slows and their body hangs on to fat reserves. This means countries need to be careful that policies aimed at tackling hunger do not accidentally add to the problem of over-nutrition. In Chile during the 1920s, a national programme was introduced to provide rations to pregnant women and the under-sixes. This reduced hunger but in the long-term is thought to have contributed to Chile's rapidly rising rates of childhood obesity. The West While the double burden may be particularly prevalent in developing countries, the problem is also found in richer nations. In the UK, for example, more than a quarter of adults are obese, costing the NHS an estimated £5.1bn each year. At the same time, 3.7m children live in households which cannot afford to follow healthy dietary guidelines, with one in 10 living with severe food insecurity. In the European Union, 14% of 15-19 year-olds are underweight, and a similar proportion are overweight or obese. However, more than half of over-18s are overweight or obese, while just 2% are underweight. Choices The causes of this double burden are complicated. It is not only a question of having access to healthy foods, and no two people or cultures view nutrition in the same way. Our food choices are influenced by many things, some of which we may not be aware of. They include cost, local availability, time pressures, healthily eating knowledge and the diets of people around us. And every person's nutritional needs are different. This partly depends upon their metabolism and how good their health was to start off with. The cost to the individual and society of over and under-nutrition are numerous. Children who grow up undernourished often do worse in school and earn less throughout their life. Childhood obesity is likely to lead to poorer health in adulthood, and increases the risk of diseases like cancer later on. Malnutrition is a particular risk for older people - making them twice as likely to visit their doctor and at risk of longer hospital stays. Making progress In developing countries, problems like diabetes and heart disease are likely to soar in tandem with obesity rates. For health systems which have traditionally focused on infectious diseases such as malaria and have small budgets, this will be a huge challenge. What can be done? South America - where many countries suffer from the double burden - is leading the way. Brazil was the first country to sign up to the UN's Decade of Action on Nutrition, making many commitments. These include halting the growth in obesity, cutting consumption of sugary drinks by 30% and increasing fruit and vegetable intake by 18%. It aims to achieve these with policies such as microloans to farmers, reducing tax on certain fresh foods and educating children on nutrition. Mexico was the first country to implement a 'sugar tax', imposing a 10% levy on artificially sweetened drinks in 2014. This tax is predicted to reduce obesity rates by 12.5% in 12 years, and other countries such as the UK are now adopting similar measures. But much more is needed in order to halt this global nutrition crisis. About this piece This analysis piece was commissioned by the BBC from experts working for an outside organisation. Dr Sophie Hawkesworth works in the population health team at Wellcome and Dr Lindsay Keir is in Wellcome's Clinical and Physiological Sciences Department. They spoke at the October Wellcome/WHO conference "Transforming Nutrition Science for Better Health" with the aim of generating new ideas and collaborations in global nutrition research. Edited by Eleanor Lawrie

ওবেসিটি বা স্থুলতাকে পশ্চিমা সমাজের আর অপুষ্টিকে দরিদ্র দেশের সমস্যা হিসেবেই মনে করা হতো। কিন্তু সত্যটা আরও জটিল।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Abdul Salam Maftoon from north-east Afghanistan has won fame for his resemblance to Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. The 29-year-old is competing on the popular singing contest Afghan Star. A judge on the series pointed out the similarity, and Mr Maftoon is now among the final eight contestants. "I didn't know anything about Justin Trudeau until I saw the photos on social media," the wedding singer from Badakhshan province told AFP news agency. "The resemblance has boosted my chances of winning the competition by 50%." Afghans have posted numerous comparison pictures online. One of the show's judges, Afghan-Canadian musician Qais Ulfat, told the BBC that he first noticed the resemblance when training up the 12 contestants who made it through to the finals. "I noticed he looked a lot like my prime minister," he said. "So I started giggling around with the host." The resemblance was pointed out on air, and Mr Maftoon quickly became a celebrity. "Since then he's gone viral," Mr Ulfat said. "Everyone's talking about him on social media." Afghan Star is one of the most popular shows in Afghanistan. It premiered in 2005, four years after the fall of the Taliban. Since then the militant group has threatened the show, and called it un-Islamic. But Mr Maftoon's renditions of romantic folk songs in both Dari and Pashto - while dressed in clothing typical of his province - have impressed judges and audience alike. "He is a very, very talented artist," Mr Ulfat said. "I wish him the very best." The final will be held on 21 March, on the eve of Persian new year. But Mr Maftoon already knows his newfound fame will help boost his wedding singing business back home, win or lose. Now, he wants to meet his Canadian lookalike, "because he is a global personality and I am a poor man from a remote part of Afghanistan", he told AFP. You may also like: Additional reporting by the BBC's Mahfouz Zubaide in Kabul

একজন শিল্পোন্নত দেশগুলোর জোট জি-সেভেন গ্রুপের নেতা এবং আরেকজন বিয়ের অনুষ্ঠানে গান করে বেড়ান, কিন্তু তাদের চেহারায় এতো মিল যে এই ঘটনা আফগান একটি টেলিভিশন চ্যানেলের অনুষ্ঠান কাঁপিয়ে দিয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Police arrested the gunman outside the city's prestigious Jamia Millia Islamia university. Shootings inside educational institutes are not a common occurrence in India. A video showed the man brandishing a gun and asking the protesting students if they really wanted "azadi" or "freedom". "Azadi" has become a controversial word as it is often invoked by Kashmiris opposed to Indian rule. However, protesters outside Kashmir who use the term say it can also mean freedom from issues such as hunger and poverty. The injured student, from Jamia Millia Islamia university, reportedly was shot in the hand and has been taken to hospital for treatment. Jamia Millia Islamia university students have been at the forefront of protests against India's Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), which critics say discriminates against Muslims. An anti-CAA protest march by its students in December ended in violence and clashes with the police. Subsequent footage of police forcibly entering the campus premises, damaging property and beating students led to a wave of fresh protests against the law across the country, many of them in solidarity with Jamia. Thursday's incident comes days after a MP from India's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) was censured for inciting a crowd in Delhi to shout "shoot the traitors" while railing against a peaceful anti-CAA protest. In the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, where 30 people were killed, police have been accused of brutality. A judge in the state's Bijnor district has since strongly censured police for their actions, as he granted bail to 48 mostly Muslim protesters. What is the CAA? The act offers amnesty to non-Muslim illegal immigrants from three neighbouring Muslim-majority countries, amending India's 64-year-old citizenship law, which currently prohibits illegal migrants from becoming Indian citizens. It also speeds up the path to Indian citizenship for members of six religious communities - Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi and Christian - if they can prove they are from Pakistan, Afghanistan or Bangladesh. They will now only have to live or work in India for six years - instead of 11 years - before becoming eligible to apply for citizenship. Under the CAA people holding Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) cards could lose their right to live and work in India indefinitely if they break local laws, no matter how minor the offence. Several petitions argue that the law is illegal, claiming that it grants citizenship on the basis of religion - which goes against the country's secular values enshrined in its constitution. Those challenging it include political parties, civil society and Muslim groups. Adding to the fears is a government pledge to carry out a widespread exercise to weed out "infiltrators" from neighbouring countries. Many Muslim citizens fear they could be made stateless, given that the exercise relies on extensive documentation to prove their ancestors lived in India. The government has defended the law, saying it will give sanctuary to people fleeing religious persecution and have vowed that it will not be rolled back.

ভারতের রাজধানী দিল্লিতে অজ্ঞাতপরিচয় একজন ব্যক্তি নাগরিকত্ব আইনের বিরুদ্ধে বিক্ষোভ প্রদর্শনরত জামিয়া মিলিয়া ইসলামিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে ছাত্রছাত্রীদের ওপর প্রকাশ্য দিবালোকে গুলি চালিয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Moscow spread "misleading or unsubstantiated allegations" about the eventual winner, Joe Biden, according to a US government report. But it said no foreign government had compromised the final results. Russia called the allegations of election interference "baseless". "The conclusions of the report... are confirmed solely by the confidence of the intelligence services of their self-righteousness," the Russian embassy in Washington said in a statement. "No facts or specific evidence of such claims were provided." The US is expected to impose sanctions on Russia as soon as next week over the report's conclusions, three sources told Reuters news agency. Iran 'sought to weaken Trump support' The 15-page report, released on Tuesday by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, outlined what it said were "influence operations" pushed by Russia as well as Iran. It said Russian-linked individuals had spread unsubstantiated claims about President Biden ahead of the 3 November election. It also said a disinformation campaign sought to undermine confidence in the broader election process. Some people connected to Russian intelligence also pushed anti-Biden narratives to media outlets, senior officials and allies of Mr Trump, the report said. President Biden defeated Mr Trump and was inaugurated on 20 January. The report added that, while Russia had sought to boost Mr Trump's chances of victory, Iran had launched a "multi-pronged covert influence campaign" in an effort to weaken his support. The former president pursued a policy of "maximum pressure" on Iran, imposing damaging sanctions and escalating a war of words between the two nations. The report also concluded with "high confidence" that China, which has long been accused of cyber-espionage by Washington, chose not to "deploy interference efforts" ahead of the vote. "China sought stability in its relationship with the United States and did not view either election outcome as being advantageous enough for China to risk blowback if caught," it said. According to the report, the voting process and final results were not interfered with by foreign states. The intelligence report was released at the same time as a joint investigation by the departments of Justice and Homeland Security which came to a similar conclusion. Their report said "broad Russian and Iranian campaigns targeting multiple critical infrastructure sectors did compromise the security of several networks that managed some election functions". But it emphasised that the alleged interference attempts were largely indirect. "We have no indications that any foreign actor attempted to interfere... by altering any technical aspect of the voting process, including voter registration, ballot casting, vote tabulation, or reporting results," the document reads. The US intelligence community said last August that China, Russia and Iran were actively trying to meddle in the forthcoming presidential election. The assessment found that Russia was seeking to "denigrate" Mr Biden. It also found that China and Iran wanted Mr Trump to lose the vote. Home-grown misinformation of equal concern Analysis by Alistair Coleman, BBC Monitoring US intelligence officials accuse Russia of making "unsubstantiated allegations" about Mr Biden, but research shows the dominant drivers of misinformation about the election were closer to home. Mr Trump and his supporters consistently promoted unfounded claims about widespread voter fraud on social media before, during and after the election. Many accused Mr Trump of deliberately trying to undermine faith in the election process - the same allegation now being levelled at Russia. How much do the American intelligence agencies think the Russian operation boosted the former president's effort? The declassified report, scant on detail, doesn't really say. If the goal of the alleged influence campaigns was to sway the vote in Mr Trump's favour, it clearly failed. But operations that seek to create confusion and stoke division are a tool that countries will continue to use - and not only during elections. The Washington riots on 6 January, though not driven by a foreign power, provided a powerful example of how misinformation spread online can threaten democracy and result in real-world violence. You might also be interested in:

গোয়েন্দা কর্মকর্তারা বলছেন, রাশিয়ার প্রেসিডেন্ট ভ্লাদিমির পুতিন সাবেক প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের পক্ষে গত বছরের নির্বাচনে প্রভাব খাটানোর প্রচেষ্টায় অনুমোদন দিয়েছিলেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Lewis was one of the "Big Six" civil rights leaders, which included Martin Luther King Jr, and helped organise the historic 1963 March on Washington. As a congressman he was a Georgia Democrat, and represented an area which covered most of its capital Atlanta. In December 2019 Lewis announced that he had been diagnosed with Stage 4 pancreatic cancer. "I have been in some kind of fight - for freedom, equality, basic human rights - for nearly my entire life," he said in a statement released at the time. "I have never faced a fight quite like the one I have now." During the civil rights movement, Lewis was one of the founders of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and then became its chairman from 1963 to 1966. He co-organised and spoke at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the rally at which Dr King delivered his historic I Have a Dream speech. Lewis was the last surviving speaker from the march. Democratic Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi confirmed Lewis's death in a statement posted on her website and on social media. She wrote that Lewis "was a titan of the civil rights movement whose goodness, faith and bravery transformed our nation", and that as a congressman he was "revered and beloved on both sides of the aisle and both sides of the Capitol". "Every day of John Lewis's life was dedicated to bringing freedom and justice to all," she said. "As he declared 57 years ago during the March on Washington, standing in the shadow of the Lincoln Memorial: 'Our minds, souls, and hearts cannot rest until freedom and justice exist for all the people.' "How fitting it is that even in the last weeks of his battle with cancer, John summoned the strength to visit the peaceful protests where the newest generation of Americans had poured into the streets to take up the unfinished work of racial justice." Upon news of his death, civil rights group the NAACP tweeted that they were "deeply saddened". "His life-long mission for justice, equality and freedom left a permanent impression on our nation and world," the organisation said. "The NAACP extends our sincerest condolences to his family, and we send prayers of comfort and strength to all." In a statement, former President Barack Obama said he had spoken with Lewis after a virtual town hall with a group of activists following the death of George Floyd. Obama said Lewis could not have been prouder of their efforts - "a new generation standing up for freedom and equality". "Not many of us get to live to see our own legacy play out in such a meaningful, remarkable way. John Lewis did," he said. "And thanks to him, we now all have our marching orders — to keep believing in the possibility of remaking this country we love until it lives up to its full promise." Former presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren tweeted that Lewis "was a true American hero and the moral compass of our nation". Lewis's death comes on the same day as the death of fellow civil rights leader C T Vivian at the age of 95. Vivian helped organise the Freedom Rides - a protest to integrate buses in the south - and later went on to lead the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের নাগরিক অধিকার আন্দোলনের অন্যতম আইকন এবং কংগ্রেসের সদস্য জন লুইস ৮০ বছর বয়সে মারা গেছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

For a day he was in second place, behind Indian channel T-Series. T-Series shares Bollywood film trailers and music videos, while PewDiePie posts video game commentaries and sketches. PewDiePie, real name Felix Kjellberg, had been battling T-Series to retain the top spot for several months. On Sunday, he posted a video congratulating his rival. He also threw some shade at the Bollywood-themed channel. "All it took was a massive corporate entity with every song in Bollywood," he sings in the video, referring to his defeat. On Monday morning, T-Series was about 15,500 subscribers ahead of PewDiePie, who has more than 92 million subscribers. However by the afternoon PewDiePie was back in the lead, with 34,400 more subscribers than T Series. In recent months, PewDiePie's supporters had carried out a number of promotional efforts on his behalf. These included: T-Series owner Bhushan Kumar recently told BBC News that he did not view his channel as being in competition with Mr Kjellberg's . "I am really not bothered about this race. I don't even know why PewDiePie is taking this so seriously," he told India correspondent Soutik Biswas. "I have not told my artists to put up supportive messages to boost our followers on our channel. We are not in that game." T-Series was started by Mr Kumar's father as a production company in 1983. The company recorded devotional music and sold the tracks on cassette. It put its first video on YouTube in 2011. Mr Kjellberg launched PewDiePie eight years ago and went on to become the world's highest-paid YouTuber. Despite his success, the most subscribed-to channel on YouTube remains one of the platform's own. Its music videos channel has more than 105 million followers.

সুইডিশ গেমার এবং ভিডিও নির্মাতা পিউডিপাই শেষ পর্যন্ত হেরে গেছেন ভারতের টি-সিরিজের কাছে। ইউটিউবে সাবস্ক্রাইবারের দিক থেকে এখন টি-সিরিজই শীর্ষে, আর পিউডিপাই নেমে গেছেন দ্বিতীয় স্থানে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The so-called TraceTogether tokens are an alternative to the government's contact tracing smartphone app. They are aimed at people who do not own or prefer not to use a mobile phone. The announcement of the device was met with concerns in some quarters over privacy. The first batch of the devices are being distributed to vulnerable elderly people who have little or no family support or have mobility problems. The tokens have unique QR codes and do not need charging as they have a battery life of up to nine months. The devices work by exchanging Bluetooth signals with other nearby TraceTogether tokens or smartphones that are running the TraceTogether app. Users will be alerted by a contact tracing officer if they are detected to have been near someone infected with the coronavirus. If they are then confirmed to have contracted Covid-19 the data will be downloaded from the device. Ministers have dismissed concerns raised over users' privacy, as they argued that they are not designed to tag people's movements. The Singapore government has said that the data collected by the devices will be encrypted and kept in the token for a maximum of 25 days. Authorities have also said that the data cannot be accessed remotely as the tokens have no internet or cellular capabilities. Reopening economy Another feature highlighted by the government is that the tokens have no Global Positioning System (GPS) connectivity, so do not collect location data. The Singaporean government has said that since it launched its TraceTogether smartphone app in March is has been downloaded by around 2.1 million people. Authorities have said that they need to raise participation in the TraceTogether programme significantly as Singapore has started to reopen its economy. Earlier this month the Singapore government started to ease its so-called Circuit Breaker lockdown measures, including non-essential retail stores reopening and eating-in allowed again at food and drinks outlets. The tokens were sourced from a Singapore-based electronics company PCI. It was announced earlier this month that the company had won the SGD6 million (£3.5m; $4.3m) tender to supply the first 300,000 devices, which works out at SGD20 per token. On Sunday authorities reported a total of 213 new infections in Singapore, 11 of which were in the community with the balance in foreign workers' dormitories. That brought the total number of Covid-19 cases to 43,459.

সিঙ্গাপুরে করোনাভাইরাসের বিস্তার ঠেকাতে ব্লুটুথ দিয়ে ব্যবহারযোগ্য কন্ট্যাক্ট ট্রেসিং-এর যন্ত্র্র বিতরণ শুরু হয়েছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Sean CoughlanBBC News education and family correspondent The bank says parents are compromising their children's future financial security with so much online sharing. Barclays forecasts by 2030 it could cost almost £670m in online fraud. The bank's security specialists say social media means identity fraud has "never been easier". Barclays is warning that parents might be "lulled into a false sense of security" and fail to realise they are making their children "fraud targets" in the future, by publishing so much personal information which will remain online. Identity fraud Parents are being told that information on social media is vulnerable to being misused to hack passwords or for identity fraud scams. The bank says parents can reveal names, ages and dates of births from birthday messages, home addresses, place of birth, mother's maiden name, schools, the names of pets, sports teams they support and photographs. Barclays warns that such details, which will still be available when young people are adults, could be used for fraudulent loans or credit card transactions or online shopping scams. The bank is forecasting that "sharenting" will account for two-thirds of identity fraud facing young people by the end of the next decade and will cost £667m per year. "Another decade of parents over-sharing personal information online" will produce 7.4 million incidents per year of identity fraud by 2030, says Barclays. The bank is urging parents to check their online privacy settings and to make sure that they know what information is being made available about their children. "Through social media, it has never been easier for fraudsters to gather the key pieces of information required to steal someone's identity," said Jodie Gilbert, head of digital safety for Barclays. "It is vital to think before you post, and to carry out regular audits of your social media accounts to prevent that information from falling into the wrong hands," she said.

ব্রিটেনের শীর্ষ ব্যাংক বার্কলেজ সাবধান করেছে, সোশাল মিডিয়াতে বাচ্চাদের ব্যক্তিগত তথ্য শেয়ার করলে ভবিষ্যতে তারা পরিচয়-চুরিসহ নানা ধরনের সাইবার অপরাধের শিকার হতে পারে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said Iran's enriched uranium stockpile had reached 2,105kg (4,640lb). Iran insists its nuclear programme is exclusively for peaceful purposes. It comes after Iran gave IAEA inspectors access to one of two suspected former nuclear sites. The agency said it would take samples at the second site later this month. Last year, Iran began deliberately and publicly reneging on commitments it had made under the international nuclear accord, signed in 2015 by Iran, China, France, Germany, Russia, the UK and the US. This included the production of more enriched uranium than it was allowed - although only at enrichment levels far below that required for use in atomic weapons. Iran's move came in retaliation against US sanctions reinstated by President Donald Trump when he abandoned the deal. To manufacture a nuclear weapon, Iran would need to produce 1,050kg of 3.67% enriched uranium, but would then need to further enrich that to 90% or more, according to US-based advocacy group the Arms Control Association. The deal set a limit of 300kg of enriched uranium in a particular compound form (UF6), which is the equivalent of 202.8kg of uranium. Low-enriched uranium - which has a concentration of between 3% and 5% of U-235 - can be used to produce fuel for power plants. Weapons-grade uranium is 90% enriched or more. Experts say the enrichment process could take a long time, if Tehran chose to do so. Last week, Iran said it had agreed "in good faith" to let weapons inspectors access sites to resolve outstanding issues related to nuclear safeguards. The IAEA had criticised Iran for not answering its questions about possible undeclared nuclear material and nuclear-related activities at the two locations, and denying it access. In the latest statement, the global watchdog said Iran had "provided agency inspectors access to the location to take environmental samples". "The samples will be analysed by laboratories that are part of the agency's network," it added.

জাতিসংঘের পরমাণু বিষয়ক সংস্থা বলছে আন্তর্জাতিক সমঝোতা চুক্তিতে যে পরিমাণ ইউরেনিয়াম থাকার কথা ইরান তার চেয়ে অন্তত দশ গুণ বেশি ইউরেনিয়াম মজুদ করেছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Reality Check teamBBC News 1) It's home to almost one-third of the world's population About 2.4 billion people - out of 7.4 billion globally - live in the Commonwealth's 53 countries. And most of them are under the age of 30. The biggest country by population is India, which accounts for about half of the total. But 31 Commonwealth members have a population of 1.5 million people or fewer. 2) Some members were never part of the British Empire Rwanda and Mozambique became members in 2009 and 1995 respectively, and neither has a British colonial past or constitutional link. The club has lost members in the past. Robert Mugabe took Zimbabwe out in 2003 after its membership was suspended amid reports of election rigging. Pakistan was suspended after a military coup in 1999 and was re-admitted four-and-a-half years later. And South Africa withdrew in 1961 after it was criticised by Commonwealth members for its apartheid policies. It became a member again in 1994. The last country to leave was the Maldives in 2016. 3) The Queen is head of state in only 16 of the countries Most of the Commonwealth states are republics and six - Lesotho, Swaziland, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Samoa and Tonga - have their own monarch. 4) It's rather big The Commonwealth makes up a quarter of the world's land mass. The giant of the group is Canada, the world's second largest country. India and Australia are huge too. But many of the states are small - like the Pacific island nations of Nauru, Samoa, Tuvalu and Vanuatu, and Dominica and Antigua and Barbuda in the Caribbean. 5) It changed its name The modern Commonwealth was formed in 1949, after "British" was dropped from the name and allegiance to the Crown was removed from its statute. Only two people have been head of the organisation - King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II. But it's not a hereditary role, although the Prince of Wales is widely expected to take it up when he becomes king. The founding Commonwealth members were Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom, who formed a "free association" of independent countries. The Commonwealth had no constitution until it adopted its Charter in 2012, which committed members to 16 values of democracy, gender equality, sustainable development and international peace and security. The Commonwealth has been criticised for being a post-colonial club and for having little influence. The Gambia announced its withdrawal in 2013 describing it as a "neo-colonial institution". Supporters say the benefits which membership brings include developmental support and co-operation on international goals. Secretary-general Lady Scotland, said: "Our member countries have committed to nurture and protect democracy, development and respect for diversity." 6) The UK still has the biggest Commonwealth economy… just India could claim number one spot soon - possibly as early as this year. The combined GDP of the 53 countries is $10tn (£7tn). That's nearly as big as China's ($11tn, £7.7tn) but some way behind that of the United States, on $19tn (£13.4tn). UK exports to Commonwealth countries in 2016 were roughly the same as those to Germany, accounting for about 8.9% of all UK exports. Imports from the Commonwealth represented about 7.8% of the UK's total - equivalent to the value of those from China. 7) There's more than one commonwealth Don't forget the International Organisation of La Francophonie - a group of French-speaking countries. And there's the Commonwealth of Independent States, which was set up in 1991 by former members of the Soviet Union. What do you want BBC Reality Check to investigate? Get in touch Read more from Reality Check Follow us on Twitter

লন্ডনে কমনওয়েলথ নেতারা একটি সম্মেলনে মিলিত হতে যাচ্ছেন। এখানে কমনওয়েলথ সম্পর্কে সাতটি তথ্য তুলে ধরা হল, যা হয়তো আপনি জানেন না। ১. বিশ্বের এক তৃতীয়াংশ মানুষের সংগঠন

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The Senate, run by the president's fellow Republicans, voted to acquit him 52-48 on charges of abuse of power and 53-47 on obstruction of Congress. Democrats charged Mr Trump in December with pressuring Ukraine to smear a potential White House rival. He will now become the first impeached president to seek re-election. Impeachment allows Congress - the part of the US government that writes and brings in laws - to put presidents on trial. It is a rare event and a political process, rather than a criminal one. In its historic vote on Wednesday, the Senate decided not to remove America's 45th president from office on charges arising from his dealings with Ukraine. If convicted on either charge, Mr Trump would have had to turn over his office to Vice-President Mike Pence. The Democratic-led House of Representatives approved the articles of impeachment on 18 December. How did President Trump react? Mr Trump, who is seeking a second four-year term in the 3 November election, always denied wrongdoing. His re-election campaign said in a statement: "President Trump has been totally vindicated and it's now time to get back to the business of the American people. "The do-nothing Democrats know they can't beat him, so they had to impeach him." It said "this terrible ordeal" and "nonsense" was merely a Democratic campaign tactic. The statement added: "This impeachment hoax will go down as the worst miscalculation in American political history." Mr Trump - whose personal approval rating with American voters hit a personal best of 49% this week, according to Gallup - tweeted that he would speak on Thursday about the case. How did the impeachment vote play out? Mitt Romney of Utah was the only Republican senator to cross the aisle and convict Mr Trump, on the first charge of abuse of power. Despite Democratic hopes, two other moderate Republicans, Susan Collins of Maine and Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, did not join Mr Romney in voting to convict the president. Some Republican senators criticised Mr Trump's behaviour in recent days, but said it did not rise to the level of impeachment. Three centrist Democratic senators who Republicans had hoped would side with them instead voted to convict Mr Trump. They were Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, Joe Manchin of West Virginia and Doug Jones of Alabama. A two-thirds majority vote was needed to remove Mr Trump, which was always going to be a long shot in a 100-seat chamber controlled by his party. How might Mr Trump's acquittal shape the 2020 race for the White House? According to polls, the nation's political disposition is much as it was before the impeachment process began. The US is sharply divided along partisan lines. This result, though, will energise the president's campaign blueprint to rally his Republican base to support him in November. The political strategy for the White House at this point is clear: to paint impeachment as just another example of a Washington establishment that has been out to get the president - and, by connection, those who support him - from the beginning. Democrats, meanwhile, got the impeachment that they wanted - a black mark on his presidency - if not the result that they had hoped for. What was Trump accused of? The impeachment charges focused on Mr Trump's request that Kyiv announce a corruption investigation into Joe Biden, a Democratic White House candidate, and his son Hunter Biden. Mr Trump has argued that the younger Biden improperly held a board position with a Ukrainian natural gas firm while his father was US vice-president and in charge of American-Ukrainian relations. Democrats accused Mr Trump of abusing his power by withholding $391m (£300m) in security aid to prod Ukraine's president into digging up dirt on the Bidens. They also charged Mr Trump with obstruction of Congress after the White House blocked testimony and documents sought by the House impeachment investigators. The impeachment inquiry stemmed from Mr Trump's phone call on 25 July 2019 in which he asked Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky to "do us a favour". Following a complaint from an anonymous government whistleblower, Democrats launched their investigation in September, compiling a 28,000-page report. What is the historical precedent? Mr Trump is the third US president to have been impeached. The two others, Bill Clinton in 1999 and Andrew Johnson in 1868, were left in power by the Senate and did not seek re-election. President Richard Nixon resigned before he could be impeached. How did Democrats react? Democrats expressed concern that acquittal would further embolden a president whom they depict as a demagogue. What did Republican senators say? Is this the end of the matter? Mr Trump has probably not heard the last of the Ukraine investigation. Jerry Nadler, the Democratic chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, said on Wednesday the chamber would "likely" issue a subpoena to Mr Trump's former National Security Adviser, John Bolton. Senate Republicans ultimately declined to seek Mr Bolton's testimony during the president's impeachment trial, provoking uproar from Democrats. A manuscript of a forthcoming Bolton memoir reportedly alleges Mr Trump told his former national security adviser to help him pressure Ukraine. What questions do you have about President Trump's acquittal in the impeachment trial? In some cases your question will be published, displaying your name, age and location as you provide it, unless you state otherwise. Your contact details will never be published. Please ensure you have read our terms & conditions and privacy policy. Use this form to ask your question: If you are reading this page and can't see the form you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question or send them via email to YourQuestions@bbc.co.uk. Please include your name, age and location with any question you send in.

অভিশংসন বিচার প্রক্রিয়া থেকে মুক্তি পেয়েছেন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প। এর মানে হচ্ছে এখন তাকে প্রেসিডেন্ট পদ থেকে সরে যেতে হবে না।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Ashitha NageshBBC News Despite having his weapon on aggressively clear display, he was greeted by one of the worshippers - an elderly Afghan man - with the words "Hello, brother". Then the gunman opened fire. The pain of the massacre reverberated not just across New Zealand, but also around the world. It seemed to signal that, almost everywhere, something had changed. And because of the ubiquity of social media, people were able to view live footage of a self-proclaimed white supremacist murdering 50 people in a place of worship. The main suspect is Australian, and the victims were from a number of different countries including India, Pakistan, Egypt, Jordan and Somalia. So when Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern appeared behind a podium to deliver a statement a few hours after the attack, it wasn't just New Zealand who listened to what she had to say. "It is clear that this can now only be described as a terrorist attack." By so swiftly and decisively describing the shooting as a "terrorist attack", Ms Ardern seemed to show an awareness and consideration of the fact that many people feel officials are reluctant to use this word when an attacker is white, even if that attack is politically motivated. Her acknowledgement of the fear and sorrow of the Muslim community didn't end there, either. She hugged the victims in Christchurch, wearing a black headscarf as a simple show of respect; she gave people the unifying cry "They are us"; and addressing parliament for the first time a few days later, she made a small but bold statement by opening her remarks with the Islamic greeting "As-Salaam Alaikum". But she's combined this show of empathy with promises of concrete legislative and cultural change. A few hours after the attack, she announced a clampdown on the country's lax gun laws "within 10 days", and speaking to the BBC's Clive Myrie she promised to "weed out" racism both in New Zealand and globally. "We cannot think about this in terms of boundaries," she insisted. From that first address, observers all over the world have been praising her for her leadership. "Martin Luther King said genuine leaders did not search for consensus but moulded it," Suzanne Moore wrote in the British paper The Guardian: "Ardern has moulded a different consensus, demonstrating action, care, unity. Terrorism sees difference and wants to annihilate it. Ardern sees difference and wants to respect it, embrace it and connect with it." The Washington Post's Ishaan Tharoor wrote that "Ardern has become the face of her nation's sorrow and grief, and its resolve". Annabel Crabb wrote on the ABC Australia website that "having been confronted with the worst news a leader can receive... Ms Ardern has yet to put a foot wrong". Grace Back put it simply in Marie Claire Australia: "This is what a leader looks like." And people have been sharing this image, taken by city council photographer Kirk Hargreaves: The praise didn't just come from commentators. Mohammad Faisal, from Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said that Ms Ardern "has won the hearts of Pakistanis", while the King Center - a memorial to Martin Luther King in the US - tweeted that "there's a leader with love on full display in New Zealand". Closer to home, in New Zealand, BBC News correspondent Hywel Griffith says he has "heard her words - 'we are one, they are us' - spoken back to me by the families of victims here in Christchurch". Even Judith Collins, from the opposition National Party, told parliament that the prime minister had been "outstanding". Colin James, a political analyst in New Zealand, tells BBC News that having spent "quite a bit of time" with Ms Arden, he's not surprised by the praise she's now getting. "She was firm, sombre, positive and in charge," he said. "And this is something I've said often - there's not a nasty cell in her body, but she's not a pushover. It's an unusual combination." When she first started campaigning in 2017, she was regularly compared to Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and the French President Emmanuel Macron. It made some sense; all three seemed progressive, ambitious, and young - Ms Ardern was 37 when she took office. There was so much hype around her that it was termed "Jacindamania", and led some to worry that she would turn out to be all style and no substance. Victims of the Christchurch shootings While the comparisons have continued, they are only to show how exemplary Ms Ardern has become. Sushil Aaron wrote in the New York Times that she "is emerging as the definitive progressive antithesis to the crowded field of right-wing strongmen... whose careers thrive on illiberal, anti-Muslim rhetoric". One clear example of this is her request of President Donald Trump, who asked her what support the US could provide. "Sympathy and love for all Muslim communities," she replied. Another is her simple description of Australian Senator Fraser Anning's comments blaming the attack on immigration: "A disgrace." And the images of a sincere Ms Ardern comforting victims the day after the attack have been contrasted with politically similar leaders, too. Al Jazeera journalist Sana Saeed said she "can't recall Trudeau showing this depth of humanity for the victims of the Quebec mosque massacre" in 2017, adding that former US President Barack Obama didn't visit the victims of the Oak Creek Gurdwara shooting in Wisconsin in 2012 (then-First Lady Michelle Obama went instead). Last year, a widow of a shooting victim even called Mr Trudeau "a piece of" something unpleasant over the phone, because he hadn't paid his condolences in person while he was in the city. "Often people have dismissed her as being attractive and saying the right things," Mr James explains. "But there's much more to her than that - and she's demonstrated that in the last few days to such an extent that far fewer people can hold that view now."

শান্ত এক শুক্রবারের দুপুরে লোকজন যখন নামাজের জন্য ক্রাইস্টচার্চে মসজিদে জড়ো হয়েছিল তার কিছু মুহূর্ত পরেই এক ব্যক্তি অ্যাসল্ট রাইফেল হাতে দরজায় এসে দাঁড়ায়। তার হাতে আক্রমণাত্মক ভঙ্গিতে অস্ত্র দেখা সত্ত্বেও মুসুল্লিদের একজন আফগান তাকে "ভাই, আসুন" বলে স্বাগত জানান । এরপরই সে বন্দুকধারী শুরু করে গুলিবর্ষণ।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Secunder KermaniBBC News, Kabul How did we get here? And why did it take so long? The Afghan war has been a bloody stalemate for years now, with the Taliban increasingly controlling or contesting more territory, yet unable to capture and hold major urban centres. There seems to have been a growing realisation, both amongst the group's leadership and in the US that neither side is capable of an outright military victory. President Trump, meanwhile, has been clear about his desire to withdraw American troops from the country. One key concession by the US, which allowed negotiations to take place, was the decision in 2018 to change its longstanding policy that the Taliban should talk first of all to the Afghan government, who the insurgents dismiss as illegitimate. Instead the US sat down directly with the Taliban to address their chief public demand - the presence of foreign forces in Afghanistan. Those negotiations led to Saturday's accord, with the Taliban agreeing in exchange to address the core reason for the US invasion in 2001, the group's links to al-Qaeda. This deal now opens the door to separate, wider talks between the militants and other Afghan political leaders - including government figures. Those discussions will be much more challenging. Somehow there will have to be a reconciliation between the Taliban's vision of an "Islamic Emirate" and the democratic modern Afghanistan that has been created since 2001. Where does that leave women's rights? What is the Taliban's stance on democracy? These are questions that will only be answered when the "intra-Afghan talks" begin. Up until now, the Taliban have been, perhaps deliberately, vague. There are possible obstacles even before those talks begin. The Taliban want 5,000 of their prisoners released before they start. The Afghan government wants to use those detainees as a bargaining chip in the talks to persuade the Taliban to agree to a ceasefire. Then there's the ongoing political dispute over the results of the presidential election - with Ashraf Ghani's rival Abdullah Abdullah alleging fraud. A backdrop of political instability could make it harder to establish the "inclusive" negotiating team international observers want to see sitting across the table from the Taliban. One Afghan official admitted to me that even when they start, the "intra-Afghan" negotiations could take years. But the US has signalled its intent to withdraw all its forces within 14 months if the Taliban fulfil their side of the agreement. It is not immediately clear if that means the US will stay on beyond that time, if no settlement has been reached. Afghan officials have emphasised the pullout is "conditional", but one diplomat told me withdrawal was only contingent on the "intra-Afghan talks" starting, not concluding. He expressed concern that if the US were to pull forces out and the Taliban decided to up the ante on the battlefield, Afghan forces would be left extremely vulnerable. Other analysts have warned that the Taliban doesn't appear to be in the mood for concessions, presenting the agreement today to their supporters as a "victory". The Taliban do however appear to want international legitimacy and recognition. The fanfare around the ceremony in Doha has given them that, and they may feel negotiations offer the best chance of achieving their aims. The priority for many ordinary Afghans, at least in the short term, is a substantive reduction in violence. We'll find out in the coming weeks, when the warmer spring weather generally heralds the start of "fighting season", if that will happen.

দোহায় শনিবার স্বাক্ষরিত চুক্তিকে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র, আফগানিস্তান এবং তালেবান কর্মকর্তা কোন পক্ষই 'শান্তিচুক্তি' আখ্যায়িত করেনি এখনো।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By M Ilyas KhanBBC News, Islamabad The houses belonged to the families of Raj Kapoor and Dilip Kumar who migrated to India in the years before Pakistan was created from British India in 1947. Officials in Peshawar say the dilapidated homes are to be bought, restored and turned into museums. The city has a vibrant cultural history, and a host of Bollywood's greatest stars trace their roots there. Raj Kapoor and Dilip Kumar were born and raised in Peshawar's oldest and most famous road, Qissa Khwani - or Street of Storytellers - later moving to Mumbai where they became leading actors of their generation. A host of current and former top Bollywood stars, including Shah Rukh Khan, have roots in the same area of Peshawar's old city. Five-star Bollywood connection Kapoor and Kumar started acting in the 1940s and went on to become two of the biggest stars of the film industry that would eventually become Bollywood. They even starred together in one of their early successes - Andaz, a 1949 film. Kumar's gentlemanly roles and Kapoor's antics captivated generations of cinema-goers. While Kumar was known as the "tragedy king", often essaying sober and melancholic roles, Kapoor, nicknamed "the showman", was a performer - joyful, cheeky, charming or pensive, whatever the role demanded. Kapoor died in 1988. Kumar, who is 97, lives in Mumbai with his wife, Bollywood actress Saira Banu. Since the 1970s, Peshawar's cultural heritage has suffered. In recent years, the city became known for militancy and conservatism and the rise of the Taliban saw many local buildings destroyed. Under the conservation plan, around 1,800 buildings in Peshawar over 100 years old will be acquired and restored by the provincial government. "The move is part of efforts to restore Peshawar's traditional culture which fell by the wayside due to the war on terror," Director of Archaeology and Museums Dr Abdus Samad told BBC Urdu. Work on a couple of buildings has already begun, he said. The Kapoor and Kumar homes are both now in the hands of private owners. Not far away is the former family home of current-day Bollywood superstar, Shah Rukh Khan. Officials say the fact that three such major stars and so many others hailed from this tiny corner of Peshawar means the area deserves a Bollywood museum of sorts. And that's exactly what they are planning - they want to turn the mansions, both more than a 100 years old, into museums which will house memorabilia on the respective actors, including Shah Rukh Khan. There will also be a film library, and other elements reflecting Peshawar's Bollywood connection. The long road to restoration The two homes are badly in need of substantial renovation. The ornate Kapoor haveli (mansion) is literally falling apart. Its arched windows and protruding balconies still hint at lost grandeur. The facade of the rather less grand home where Dilip Kumar was born nearby is cramped into a tiny alley and the house itself looks shabby, with once expensive woodwork soiled, cracked and covered in cobwebs. The Kapoor haveli was built between 1918 and 1922 by Raj Kapoor's grandfather, Deewan Basheswarnath. He was a police officer in British India, originally from what is today Faisalabad in Pakistan. But he was posted in Peshawar for a long time. His son, Prithviraj Kapoor, who was one of Hindi cinema's first big stars, started his career in the silent era. He caught his acting break in Peshawar, where he starred in local plays, before moving to Bombay (now Mumbai) in the late 1920s to make it to the big screen. His son, Raj Kapoor, was born on 14 Dec 1924 in the house. He would go on to become one of India's most prolific and loved stars, directing and producing in his later years. The family returned to Peshawar often until they sold the house some years before Pakistan was partitioned from India in 1947, says Shakeel Waheedullah, head of the Cultural Heritage Council of Peshawar. The group has been fighting for years to protect the buildings. He says the house has changed hands on a number of occasions, and even came close to being demolished by the current owner, a jeweller who wanted to build a shopping mall in its place. It was saved when the heritage group intervened. The building still lost its top two storeys, and the owner faced arrest when the provincial archaeology department stepped in to halt the demolition. In 1990, Kapoor's sons - Rishi and Randhir - visited the house. When Rishi died earlier this year, people in Peshawar mourned and they lit candles for his uncle, Shashi, another star, when he died in 2017. Dilip Kumar's house was built by his father who was a fruit merchant. Kumar was born in Peshawar as Mohammed Yusuf Khan on 11 December 1922. According to Mr Waheedullah, Kumar's father suffered substantial business losses in the mid-1920s, forcing the family to move to Bombay in search of better opportunities. Having re-established the family fortunes in India, Kumar's father sold his house in Peshawar in 1930 for a sum of 5,000 rupees. The house has since been sold several times and is currently being used as a warehouse. Kumar visited it in 1988. He wanted to return again in 1997, when he was in Pakistan to receive an award from the government, but he could not because of the large crowds that had already gathered in anticipation of his arrival. You may also be interested in: Obituary: Rishi Kapoor, Bollywood's 'forever youthful' heartthrob

পাকিস্তানের উত্তরাঞ্চলে বলিউডের দুই প্রবাদপ্রতিম তারকার পৈতৃক বাসভবনকে ধ্বংসের হাত থেকে রক্ষা করার উদ্যোগ নিয়েছে পাকিস্তান।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The French foreign ministry said the "baseless" calls for a boycott were being "pushed by a radical minority". French products have been removed from some shops in Kuwait, Jordan and Qatar. Meanwhile, protests have been seen in Libya, Syria and the Gaza Strip. The backlash stems from comments made by Mr Macron after the gruesome murder of a French teacher who showed cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad in class. The president said the teacher, Samuel Paty, "was killed because Islamists want our future", but France would "not give up our cartoons". Depictions of the Prophet Muhammad are widely regarded as taboo in Islam, and are offensive to Muslims. But state secularism - or laïcité - is central to France's national identity. Curbing freedom of expression to protect the feelings of one particular community, the state says, undermines unity. On Sunday, Mr Macron doubled down on his defence of French values in a tweet that read: "We will not give in, ever." Political leaders in Turkey and Pakistan have rounded on Mr Macron, accusing him of not respecting "freedom of belief" and marginalising the millions of Muslims in France. On Sunday, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan suggested, for a second time, that Mr Macron should seek "mental checks" for his views on Islam. Similar comments prompted France to recall its ambassador to Turkey for consultations on Saturday. How widespread is the boycott on French products? Some supermarket shelves had been stripped of French products in Jordan, Qatar and Kuwait by Sunday. French-made hair and beauty items, for example, were not on display. In Kuwait, a major retail union has ordered a boycott of French goods. The non-governmental Union of Consumer Co-operative Societies said it had issued the directive in response to "repeated insults" against the Prophet Muhammad. In a statement, the French foreign ministry acknowledged the moves, writing: "These calls for boycott are baseless and should stop immediately, as well as all attacks against our country, which are being pushed by a radical minority." Online, calls for similar boycotts in other Arab countries, such as Saudi Arabia, have been circulating. A hashtag calling for the boycott of French supermarket chain Carrefour was the second-most trending topic in Saudi Arabia, the Arab world's largest economy. Meanwhile, small anti-French protests were held in Libya, Gaza and northern Syria, where Turkish-backed militias exert control. Why is France embroiled in this row? Mr Macron's robust defence of French secularism and criticism of radical Islam in the wake of Mr Paty's killing has angered some in the Muslim world. Turkey's Mr Erdogan asked in a speech: "What's the problem of the individual called Macron with Islam and with the Muslims?" Meanwhile Pakistani leader Imran Khan accused the French leader of "attacking Islam, clearly without having any understanding of it". "President Macron has attacked and hurt the sentiments of millions of Muslims in Europe & across the world," he tweeted. Earlier this month, before the teacher's killing, Mr Macron had already announced plans for tougher laws to tackle what he called "Islamist separatism" in France. He said a minority of France's estimated six million Muslims were in danger of forming a "counter-society", describing Islam as a religion "in crisis". Cartoons caricaturing the prophet of Islam have a dark and intensely political legacy in France. In 2015, 12 people were killed in an attack on the offices of French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, which had published the cartoons. Some in Western Europe's largest Muslim community have accused Mr Macron of trying to repress their religion and say his campaign risks legitimising Islamophobia.

প্রেসিডেন্ট এমানুয়েল ম্যাঁক্রর মন্তব্যের জের ধরে ফরাসি পণ্য বর্জন না করতে মধ্যপ্রাচ্যের দেশগুলোকে আহ্বান জানিয়েছে দেশটি। এর আগে ম্যাঁক্র ইসলামের নবীর কার্টুন দেখানের পক্ষে সাফাই দিয়েছিলেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

They include prominent members of the ruling African National Congress in the Eastern Cape province. They have not commented on the allegations. Prosecutors accuse them of corruption and money-laundering amounting to nearly $700,000 (£500,000). Mandela was the country's first black leader after apartheid ended in 1994. The allegations first emerged in 2014, months after Mandela's funeral in Qunu, Eastern Cape, in December 2013, which was attended by heads of state from around the world. Those facing charges include the health minister of Eastern Cape province, Sindiswa Gomba, a number of business figures, and other lawmakers from the governing ANC. Among them are regional chair Pumlani Mkolo, former Buffalo City metro mayor Zukiswa Ncitha and council speaker Luleka Simon-Ndzele. Prosecutors allege they made fraudulent claims for the transportation of mourners and venues used in the city of East London for memorial services. They were granted bail and are expected to appear on 5 March. "This matter is coming back to the roll after it was withdrawn in 2019 in order for the investigation to tighten up the loose ends and add more charges," Sipho Ngwema, the national spokesperson for the National Prosecuting Authority, was quoted as saying by news site EWN. You might also be interested in:

২০১৩ সালে সাবেক প্রেসিডেন্ট নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলার অন্ত্যেষ্টিক্রিয়ায় জালিয়াতির অভিযোগে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকায় ১৫জনকে গ্রেফতার করা হয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The BJP and the main opposition Congress party battled it out with powerful regional rivals in a bruising campaign over seven phases of polling. Results will be announced on 23 May. Analysts warn exit polls have often been wrong in the past. Many saw the election as a referendum on Mr Modi who won a landslide in 2014. A party or coalition needs 272 seats in parliament to form a government. What are the exit polls saying? Four exit polls saw big wins for the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA), predicting that it would win anywhere between 280 and 315 seats, far more than the Congress party. However, a Nielsen-ABP news channel poll suggested that the BJP alliance would win 267 seats, falling short of a majority. This prediction comes despite its projection that the party would lose heavily in the bellwether state of Uttar Pradesh, which sends 80 MPs to parliament, more than any other. In 2014 the BJP won 71 of the state's seats, but the Nielsen-ABP poll suggests this time it will lose as many as 51 of those seats to powerful regional parties. India election What has the reaction been? The BJP tweeted out a telling cartoon, picturing Mr Modi mowing down his political opponents, with an onlooker observing that the situation is the result of seven phases of polling. West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee said she "[did] not trust exit poll gossip". "The game plan it to manipulate or replace thousands of EVMs [electronic voting Machines] through this gossip. I appeal to all opposition parties to be united, strong and bold. We will fight this battle together," she added. Also on Twitter, Congress party leader Rahul Gandhi lashed out at the election commission, suggesting that they had been compromised. The election began on 11 April and was held in seven phases for security and logistical reasons. With 900 million eligible voters, it is the world's biggest exercise in democracy. As voting ended, there was a flurry of meetings by opposition leaders, sparking speculation. What were the key issues this election? With farming in crisis, unemployment on the rise and growing fears that India is heading for a recession, the economy is perhaps the biggest issue. Under Mr Modi, the world's sixth-largest economy has lost some of its momentum. Growth hovers around 7% and a leaked government report claims the unemployment rate is the highest it has been since the 1970s. A crop glut and declining commodity prices have led to stagnant farm incomes, leaving many farmers saddled with debt. Many also see this election as a battle for India's identity and the state of its minorities. A strident - and at times violent - Hindu nationalism has become mainstream in the past five years, with increased attacks against minorities, including the lynchings of dozens of Muslims accused of smuggling cows. And national security is in the spotlight after a suicide attack by a Pakistan-based militant group killed at least 40 paramilitary police in Indian-administered Kashmir in February. India then launched unprecedented air strikes in Pakistan, prompting Pakistan to respond in kind and bringing the two countries to the brink of war.

ভারতের নির্বাচনে বুথ ফেরত জরিপে প্রধানমন্ত্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদীর ভারতীয় জনতা পার্টির জয়ের আভাস মিলছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The apple - Cosmic Crisp - is a cross-breed of the Honeycrisp and Enterprise and was first cultivated by Washington State University in 1997. The launch of the "firm, crisp, and juicy apple" cost $10m (£7.9m). Farmers in the state of Washington are exclusively allowed to grow the fruit for the next decade. "It's an ultra-crisp apple, it's relatively firm, it has a good balance of sweet and tart and it's very juicy," said Kate Evans, who co-led the apple's breeding programme at Washington State University. She said the flesh is slow to brown and the fruit "maintains excellent eating quality in refrigerated storage - easily for 10 to 12 months". More than 12 million Cosmic Crisp trees have been planted and a strict licensing system does not permit farmers to grow the apples in other parts of the country. The variety was originally known as WA38 and the name Cosmic Crisp was inspired by the scattering of tiny white spots on its dark red skin, resembling the night sky. Washington is the biggest provider of apples in the US, but its most popular varieties - the Golden Delicious and Red Delicious - have faced fierce competition from the Pink Lady and Royal Gala. Apples are the second biggest selling fruit in the US after bananas.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে রবিবার থেকে নতুন এক ধরণের আপেল বিক্রি শুরু হয়েছে যেটি এক বছর পর্যন্ত সতেজ থাকবে বলে বলা হচ্ছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Jim Reed and Sophie HutchinsonBBC News Experts are concerned a significant proportion could be left with lung scarring, known as pulmonary fibrosis. The condition is irreversible and symptoms can include severe shortness of breath, coughing and fatigue. NHS England said it was opening specialist rehabilitation centres. Retired taxi driver Anthony McHugh, 68, was admitted to hospital on 6 March with coronavirus symptoms. His condition deteriorated and he was transferred to intensive care and placed on a ventilator for 13 days. "I was feeling breathless, then I just remember being rushed into ICU, and after that it was all just a blank," he said. 'Lucky to be alive' Mr McHugh, from Hertfordshire, spent a total of four weeks in hospital and another two in an NHS rehabilitation unit. He returned home in mid-April but still suffers from breathing difficulties two months later. "It's little things like walking up the stairs or watering the flowers outside. I start bending down and I have to stop," he said. CT scans taken while he was in hospital showed a white mist, or "ground glass", pattern in both lungs - a characteristic sign of coronavirus In serious cases it's thought coronavirus can trigger an exaggerated immune response causing mucus, fluid and other cells to fill the air sacs, or alveoli. When this happens, pneumonia can set in, making it difficult to breathe without assistance. An X-ray of Mr McHugh's lungs taken six weeks after he left hospital showed thin white lines, known as reticular shadowing, that could indicate the early signs of scarring or pulmonary fibrosis. 'That's a worry' "With all these cases, we can't say for certain at the moment," said Dr Sam Hare, an executive committee member of the British Society of Thoracic Imaging and advisor to the Royal College of Radiologists. "But usually with a virus or infection at six weeks, you would expect the scan to have returned to normal. It hasn't and that's the worry." Like other Covid-19 patients who have been discharged from hospital, Mr McHugh will need another scan at 12 weeks to see if the suspected scarring on his lungs has deteriorated. What is pulmonary fibrosis? Research into the prevalence of lung damage caused by Covid-19 is still at a very early stage. It's thought those with a mild form of the disease are unlikely to suffer permanent damage. But those in hospital, and particularly those in intensive care or with a severe infection, are more vulnerable to complications. In a study from China, published in March, 66 of 70 patients still had some level of lung damage after being discharged from hospital. Radiologists in the UK say, based on the early results of follow-up scans, they are concerned about the long term-effects of a serious infection. "In the six-week scans we're seeing, so far I would say between 20% and 30% of patients who have been in hospital appear to show some early signs of lung scarring," says Dr Hare, who helped draw up NHS radiology protocols to diagnose Covid-19. Other UK radiologists have told the BBC they were noticing a similar pattern. More detailed data from two other earlier coronavirus outbreaks, Sars and Mers, found between 20% and 60% of patients experienced some form of health problem consistent with pulmonary fibrosis. Whereas those earlier outbreaks were contained relatively successfully, the virus that causes Covid-19 has spread across the world, with more than eight million confirmed infections to date. More than 100,000 patients have needed hospital care for Covid-19 in England since the pandemic started in February, according to NHS figures. "My concern with Covid-19 is because so much of the population has been infected," said Dr Hare. "I'm worried about the sheer volume of patients that we're going to have to treat, simply because so many more people have had the virus." Future treatment Lung fibrosis cannot be cured because scarring in the lung tissue is permanent. But new drugs can slow down the progression of the disease and even stop it completely if detected in time. "We now need to understand how big the problem is and when we should intervene with treatment," said Prof Gisli Jenkins, of the National Institute for Health Research, who is running assessment clinics for those discharged from hospital with Covid-19. Prof Jenkins, who is based in Nottingham, said: "My real concern is that never before in our lifetime have so many people been subject to the same lung injury at the same time." NHS England has said it is planning to open a number of specialist Covid-19 rehabilitation centres to help patients recover from long-term effects, including possible lung damage. In Scotland and Wales the plan is to adapt existing services and provide more community rehabilitation.

ব্রিটেনে কোভিড-১৯য়ে গুরুতর আক্রান্ত হয়ে সেরে উঠেছে, এমন হাজার হাজার মানুষকে হাসপাতালে যাবার পরামর্শ দেয়া হচ্ছে, তাদের ফুসফুস চিরকালের জন্য ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয়েছে কিনা তা পরীক্ষা করার জন্য।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Rory Cellan-JonesTechnology correspondent@BBCRoryCJon Twitter They have made it clear they will seek a drastic remedy - the sale of Instagram and WhatsApp. On this week's Tech Tent we ask whether it is really likely that the social media giant's empire will be dismantled. New York Attorney General Letitia James could hardly have been clearer in her denunciation as she outlined the case she and more than 45 other state and federal regulators are bringing against Facebook. "For nearly a decade, Facebook has used its dominance and monopoly power to crush smaller rivals, and snuff out competition, all at the expense of everyday users," she said. 'A key moment' Among the remedies the regulators are seeking from the courts for what they describe as Facebook's "buy or bury" strategy towards potential rivals are "the divestiture or restructuring of illegally acquired companies". And that could mean selling off Instagram, bought for $1bn in 2012 when it had just 13 employees, and WhatsApp, for which it paid $16bn - which seemed an outlandish price in 2014. Since that purchase, the price of Facebook shares has risen more than fourfold, and the company is now worth nearly $800bn. "This is a key moment," Damian Collins, the British MP who chaired a parliamentary inquiry severely critical of Facebook, tells Tech Tent. "It was always going to take leadership by the authorities in America to bring the anti-trust case against Facebook and to make the case for some form of separation of the different businesses." Mr Collins believes some of the documents uncovered during his select committee inquiry provided evidence reinforcing the US regulators' case. "What these documents showed was how Facebook used its market power to put pressure on other companies to do deals on data that favoured Facebook; to give privileged access to data to companies that were important to Facebook and spent a lot of money with them; how it used data to analyse the apps people use, so it could determine which apps were potentially a threat." But Facebook has made it clear it will mount a fierce legal battle against any moves to break it up. Because its purchases of WhatsApp and Instagram were not blocked by regulators at the time it's accusing the government of wanting "a do-over", which will harm the broader business community. And one leading expert on competition regulation tells Tech Tent he thinks Facebook will probably avoid a break-up. 'Politics, not law' "The US Supreme Court has been very sceptical about monopoly cases," says John Fingleton, former head of the UK's Office of Fair Trading. He watched the regulators outlining their case with some scepticism. "Saying that they want to break up the business before they get through the court process seemed to me to be more about the politics of it than about the economics and the law." Still, both John Fingleton and Damian Collins believe that a long legal battle will have an impact on the way Facebook and others do business. The MP hopes the social media giant will now be unable to buy or squash smaller rivals and that will mean more innovation. And the competition expert says the case shows a major shift in US competition policy, which has previously focused solely on the immediate impact on consumers in the form of higher prices. "In the last 30 or 40 years," says Mr Fingleton, "we've seen competition has been about protecting consumers, not protecting competitors. But a lot of the cases one sees more recently have much more of a flavour of protecting competitors." Perhaps what happened in a previous clash between a US tech giant and the regulators is a foretaste of what will happen to Facebook. Microsoft spent many years fighting the US Department of Justice which wanted to break it up. It avoided that outcome, but the world moved on and the software giant, no longer seen as an anti-competitive menace, is thriving without attracting much attention from the regulators. Facebook may hope that history repeats itself.

ঐতিহাসিক এক মামলায় যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে নিয়ন্ত্রক কর্তৃপক্ষ ফেসবুকের বিরুদ্ধে অভিযোগ এনেছে যে, প্রতিষ্ঠানটি প্রতিযোগিতা দূর করার জন্য তার প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বী কোম্পানি কিনে নিচ্ছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Mark EastonHome editor Researchers used artificial intelligence algorithms to simulate actions driven by sectarian divisions. Their model contains thousands of agents representing different ethnicities, races and religions. Norway and Slovakia are trialling the tech to tackle tensions that can arise when Muslim immigrants settle in historically Christian countries. The Oxford University researchers hope their system can be used to help governments respond to incidents, such as the recent London terror attacks. However, one independent expert said that the tool needed more work before it could be used in real-life situations. "This could be an extremely useful research project when it reaches maturity as a thought tool for analysing factors involved in religious conflict," said Prof Noel Sharkey. Core beliefs The research, published in the Journal for Artificial Societies and Social Stimulation, indicates people are a peaceful species by nature. Even in times of crisis, such as natural disasters, the simulated humans came together peacefully. But in some situations the program indicated people were willing to endorse violence. Examples included occasions when other groups of people challenged the core beliefs that defined their identity. The research team drew on the Northern Ireland Troubles to programme conditions that saw what the researchers call "xenophobic social anxiety" escalate into extreme physical violence. The conflict - which involved political and cultural factors in addition to religion - spanned three decades and claimed the lives of approximately 3,500 people. Primal fears The computer model also used scenarios based on the 2002 Gujarat riots in India. Two thousand people died during three days of inter-communal violence between Hindus and Muslims. Research author Justin Lane said: "To use AI to study religion or culture, we have to look at modelling human psychology because our psychology is the foundation for religion and culture. "The root causes of things like religious violence rest in how our minds process the information that our world presents." The results suggest the risk of religious conflict escalates when a group's core beliefs or sacred values are challenged so frequently that they overwhelm people's ability to deal with them. But even then, anxiety only spills over into violence in about 20% of the scenarios modelled. "Religious violence is not our default behaviour - in fact it is pretty rare in our history," said Mr Lane. "It is only when people's core belief systems are challenged, or they feel that their commitment to their own beliefs is questioned that anxiety and agitations occur. "We might be able to trick our psychology into accepting others as part of our group when we'd otherwise be triggered toward more primal fears," he added. 'Out-group members' The researchers believe one answer to reducing the risk of religious violence and terrorism is to create situations that stop people seeing outsiders as a threat. The most risky situations are when the difference in the size of two different religious groups is similar and people encounter "out-group members" more regularly, perceiving them as dangerous. The encounters need not be face-to-face. It could be that the threat is brought to someone's attention through conventional and social media. "We appear to live somewhat in our own information bubbles, but we still receive a lot of information about out-group members and that information appears to trigger our psychology even if there isn't actually a real person there," Mr Lane warned. "Just the idea of a threat can be as powerful as a real threat to elicit a reaction."

মানব সমাজের আদলে তৈরি করা একটি সফটওয়্যার নিয়ে পরীক্ষানিরীক্ষা চলছে যে, সেটি ধর্মীয় সহিংসতা বন্ধ করতে সহায়তা করতে পারে কিনা।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Danny VincentBBC News, Hong Kong Organisers say volunteers like Tony are running hundreds of Telegram groups that are powering Hong Kong's protest turned civil disobedience campaign. They claim that more than two million people have taken to the streets in recent weeks to express opposition to a controversial extradition law. Hong Kong has experienced a series of mass rallies against the proposed law, which critics fear could spell an end to its judicial independence. Protestors expect a large turnout on 1 July, the anniversary of Hong Kong's return to China. Real-time voting Many of the calls to protest are made anonymously, on message boards and in group chats on encrypted messaging apps. Some groups have up to 70,000 active subscribers, representing about 1% of Hong Kong's entire population. Many provide updates and first-hand reports relating to the protests, while others act as a crowdsourced lookout for police, warning protestors of nearby activity. There are also smaller groups made up of lawyers, first aiders and medics. They provide legal advice and get supplies to protesters on the front lines. Demonstrators say the online co-ordination of protests offers a convenient and instant way to disseminate information. The chat groups also let participants vote - in real time - to decide the next moves. "They tend to only work when the choices are few or obvious. They do work when the situation lends itself to a black and white vote," Tony explains. On the evening of 21 June, close to 4,000 protesters voted in a Telegram group to determine whether the crowd would return home in the evening or continue to protest outside Hong Kong's police headquarters. Only 39% voted to take the protests to the police headquarters - but there was still a six-hour siege of the building. Other apps and services have also helped the protesters organise their activity. In public areas, posters and banners advertising forthcoming events are spread over Airdrop, which lets people share files with nearby iPhones and iPads. This week, a group of anonymous activists raised more than half a million dollars on a crowdfunding website. They plan to place advertisements in international newspapers calling for Hong Kong's extradition bill to be discussed at the G20 summit. The demonstrators say technology has made this a leaderless protest movement. Hidden identity "The deeper cause is a result of the distrust towards the authorities," said Prof Edmund Cheng, from Hong Kong Baptist University. "Many protest leaders in the Umbrella Movement have been prosecuted and imprisoned," he said, referring to pro-democracy protests in 2014. In April this year, nine leaders of those protests were found guilty of inciting others to cause a public nuisance. "There are several potential charges you could be facing if you were to participate with an obvious organised movement or protest," says Tony. Many of Hong Kong's protesters go to great lengths to avoid leaving a digital footprint. "We are just using cash, we don't even use ATMs during the protest," says Johnny, a 25-year old who has been attending demonstrations with his partner. He uses an old mobile phone and fresh Sim card each time he attends a protest. Another group administrator - who did not want to be named for fear of reprisals - said some people use multiple accounts to hide their online footprint. "Some of us have three or four phones, an iPad, desktops and notebooks. One person can control five or six accounts. People won't know they are the same person and also multiple people use one account," they told the BBC. Protection Tony believes that decision-making via group votes could protect individuals from charges. He argues chat group administrators have no affiliation to political parties and have no control over what members post in their groups. "The government is not going to arrest every single participant in this movement. It is not feasible to do so," he says. But he recognises that law enforcement may pursue other avenues. "They will pick influential targets or opinion leaders and make an example of them so that they could warn off the other participants." On 12 June, one administrator of a Telegram group was arrested for allegedly conspiring with others to storm Hong Kong's law-making complex and barricade the surrounding roads. "They want to let others know that even if you hide on the internet they may still come to arrest you in your home," said Bond Ng, a Hong Kong lawyer who represents several arrested protesters.

টনি (কাল্পনিক নাম) বসে আছেন হংকং'এর একটি দালানের ছোট্ট একটি ঘরে। তার চোখের সামনে আছে একটি ল্যাপটপ, যার মনিটরে তিনি পর্যবেক্ষণ করছেন 'টেলিগ্রাম' এবং অন্যান্য অনলাইন ফোরামগুলো।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Jeremy BowenMiddle East editor, Baghdad In a statement, it described the general's demise as an act of divine intervention that benefitted jihadists. However, it made no mention at all of the US, which carried out the deadly drone strike against Soleimani in Baghdad on 3 January. President Donald Trump's decision to assassinate Gen Soleimani set off a chain of consequences - one of the first was on the unfinished war against jihadists. Almost immediately the US-led coalition fighting IS suspended operations in Iraq. The US and its allies announced that their main job was now defending themselves. From a military point of view, they probably had no choice. Iran and the militias it sponsors here in Iraq have sworn vengeance for the killings caused by the missile fired by a US drone at Soleimani's vehicle as it left Baghdad airport on Friday. That puts US forces in Iraq, and those from Western allies working alongside them, squarely in the firing line. It is also very good for IS, and will speed up its recovery from the blows it took when its "caliphate" was smashed. It is also good news for the extremists that the Iraqi parliament passed a motion demanding an immediate American withdrawal from the entire country. IS has been grimly resilient over many years. It regenerated itself from the ruins of an earlier group, al-Qaeda in Iraq. A big military operation in 2016 and 2017 was needed to end IS control of territory straddling Iraq and Syria. Many jihadist fighters ended up dead or in prison. But that did not kill the organisation. It is still active in its old stamping grounds in Iraq and Syria, mounting ambushes, extorting funds, and ending more lives. The Iraqi state has effective elite army and police units, mainly trained by the Americans and European allies who joined the fight against IS. Since Soleimani's assassination, the US has suspended training as well as operations. So have Denmark and Germany. The Germans are pulling military trainers out to Jordan and Kuwait. Iraqi forces take most of the risks on the ground in operations against IS. But as well as training, they have relied on vital logistical help from US forces, who are now hunkering down in their bases. IS militants have something else to celebrate. When Mr Trump decided to kill Soleimani they were gifted the spectacle of one of their enemies, the US president, assassinating another. In 2014, the jihadists went on the offensive, seizing broad swathes of Iraq, including Mosul, the country's second city. The leading Shia cleric in Iraq, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, issued a call-to-arms to fight the Sunni extremists. Young Shia men volunteered in their thousands - and Soleimani and his Quds Force were a big part of their transformation into armed units. The militias were ruthless, often brutal foes of IS. Now, the Iran-backed groups have been absorbed into the Iraqi military under an umbrella organisation called the Popular Mobilisation. The most prominent militia leaders have become powerful political leaders. In the years after 2014, the US and the militias faced the same enemy. But the Shia militias now look certain to return to their roots, which lie in the fight against the US-led occupation after the 2003 invasion. They killed many American soldiers - helped by training and better weapons supplied by Soleimani - which was one of the reasons that President Trump gave for ordering the attack last week. Since Mr Trump unilaterally pulled out of the Iran nuclear agreement in 2018, the Americans and the Iranians have been spiralling down towards the edge of war. Before Soleimani was killed the Shia militias were already going back to targeting the Americans. An attack in late December on a base in northern Iraq that killed a US contractor was answered by air strikes that killed at least 25 fighters from a group called Kataib Hezbollah. Their leader, Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, met Soleimani at Baghdad's airport and was blown to pieces alongside him in the same car. In an editorial of the weekly IS newspaper al-Naba, the group said that Soleimani and al-Muhandis died at the hands of their "allies" - a reference to the US. It said the enemies of IS were busy fighting each other, which would drain their energy and resources and ultimately benefit jihadists. History has shown that jihadist extremists thrive most when they can take advantage of instability, chaos, and weakened, divided enemies. That has happened before and there is a strong chance it will happen again.

ইরানের কুদস ফোর্সের প্রধান জেনারেল কাসেম সোলেইমানি হত্যাকাণ্ডকে স্বাগত জানিয়েছে ইসলামিক স্টেট গ্রুপ (আইএস)।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

1528: A mosque is built on the site which some Hindus say marks the spot where one of the most revered deities in Hinduism, Lord Ram, was born. 1853: First recorded incidents of religious violence at the site. 1859: British colonial administration erects a fence to separate the places of worship, allowing the inner court to be used by Muslims and the outer court by Hindus. 1949: Idols of Lord Ram appear inside mosque, allegedly placed there by Hindus. Muslims protest, and both parties file civil suits. The government proclaims the premises a disputed area and locks the gates. 1984: Hindus form a committee to "liberate" the birth-place of Lord Ram and build a temple in his honour, spearheaded by the Vishwa Hindu Parishad party (VHP). Then Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Lal Krishna Advani, now home minister, takes over leadership of campaign. 1986: District judge orders the gates of the disputed mosque to be opened to allow Hindus to worship there. Muslims set up Babri Mosque Action Committee in protest. 1989: VHP steps up campaign, laying the foundations of a Ram temple on land adjacent to the disputed mosque. 1990: VHP volunteers partially damage the mosque. Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar tries to resolve the dispute through negotiations, which fail the next year. 1991: BJP comes to power in Uttar Pradesh state, where Ayodhya is located. 1992: The mosque is torn down by supporters of the VHP, the Shiv Sena party and the BJP, prompting nationwide rioting between Hindus and Muslims in which more than 2,000 people die. 1998: The BJP forms coalition government under Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee. 2001: Tensions rise on the anniversary of the demolition of the mosque. VHP pledges again to build Hindu temple at the site. Jan 2002: Mr Vajpayee sets up an Ayodhya cell in his office and appoints a senior official, Shatrughna Singh, to hold talks with Hindu and Muslim leaders. Feb 2002: BJP rules out committing itself to the construction of a temple in its election manifesto for Uttar Pradesh assembly elections. VHP confirms deadline of 15 March to begin construction. Hundreds of volunteers converge on site. At least 58 people are killed in an attack on a train in Godhra which is carrying Hindu activists returning from Ayodhya. Mar 2002: Between 1,000 and 2,000 people, mostly Muslims, die in riots in Gujarat following the train attack. Apr 2002: Three High Court judges begin hearings on determining who owns the religious site. Jan 2003: Archaeologists begin a court-ordered survey to find out whether a temple to Lord Ram existed on the site. Aug 2003: The survey says there is evidence of a temple beneath the mosque, but Muslims dispute the findings. Mr Vajpayee says at the funeral of Hindu activist Ramchandra Das Paramhans that he will fulfil the dying man's wishes and build a temple at Ayodhya. However, he hopes the courts and negotiations will solve the issue. Sept 2003: A court rules that seven Hindu leaders should stand trial for inciting the destruction of the Babri Mosque, but no charges are brought against Mr Advani, now deputy prime minister, who was also at the site in 1992. Oct 2004: Mr Advani says his party still has "unwavering" commitment to building a temple at Ayodhya, which he said was "inevitable". Nov 2004: A court in Uttar Pradesh rules that an earlier order which exonerated Mr Advani for his role in the destruction of the mosque should be reviewed. July 2005: Suspected Islamic militants attack the disputed site, using a jeep laden with explosives to blow a hole in the wall of the complex. Security forces kill five people they say are militants, and a sixth who was not immediately identified. June 2009: The Liberhan commission investigating events leading up to the mosque's demolition submits its report - 17 years after it began its inquiry. Nov 2009: There is uproar in parliament as the Liberhan commission's report is published and it blames leading politicians from the Hindu nationalist BJP for a role in the mosque's razing. Sept 2010: Allahabad High Court rules that the site should be split, with the Muslim community getting control of a third, Hindus another third and the Nirmohi Akhara sect the remainder. Control of the main disputed section, where the mosque was torn down, is given to Hindus. A lawyer for the Muslim community says he will appeal. May 2011: Supreme Court suspends High Court ruling after Hindu and Muslim groups appeal against the 2010 verdict.

১৯৯২ সালে বাবরি মসজিদ ধ্বংস করা হয়েছিল ভারতের উত্তরাঞ্চলের শহর অযোধ্যায়। ধর্মীয়ভাবে পবিত্র হিসেবে বিবেচিত এই অঞ্চলে বহুবছর ধরেই হিন্দু ও মুসলিমদের মধ্যে উত্তেজনা তৈরি হয়েছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Basillioh MutahiBBC News, Nairobi Last year a deadline of 15 January was set to solve the long-standing impasse but the latest round of talks, last week, ended in deadlock. When complete, the Grand Renaissance Dam, which Ethiopia is building, will be Africa's biggest hydroelectric power plant. Its construction began in 2011 on the Blue Nile tributary in the northern Ethiopia highlands, from where 85% of the Nile's waters flow. However, the mega dam has caused a row between Egypt and Ethiopia, with Sudan caught in between, which some fear could lead to war, and the US is now helping to mediate. Why is it so contentious? At the centre of the dispute are plans to fill up the mega dam as Egypt fears the project will allow Ethiopia to control the flow of Africa's longest river. Hydroelectric power stations do not consume water, but the speed with which Ethiopia fills up the dam's reservoir will affect the flow downstream. The longer it takes to fill the reservoir, which is going to be bigger than Greater London with a total capacity of 74 billion cubic metres, the less impact there will be on the level of the river. Ethiopia wants to do it in six years. "We have a plan to start filling on the next rainy season, and we will start generating power with two turbines on December 2020," Ethiopia's Water Minister Seleshi Bekele said in September last year. But Egypt has proposed a longer period - so that the level of the river does not dramatically drop, especially in the initial phase of filling the reservoir. Three-way talks between Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia over operating the dam and filling its reservoir have made no progress in more four years - which the US has now been trying to mediate. After the talks last week, Mr Seleshi accused Egypt of having no intention of reaching a deal. "I don't think when the Egyptians came here, they came being ready to reach at an agreement," Mr Seleshi told the BBC's Kalkidan Yibeltal. "And then there is a new filling timetable they prepared and brought. That new filling timetable required filling the dam to take from 12 to 21 years. "This is not acceptable on any measurement," he said. Egypt's Water Minister Mohamed Abdel Aty, however, was quoted saying that parties achieved clarity on all issues, including on the filling of the dam. Explore the Nile with 360 video Join BBC reporter Alastair Leithead and his team, travelling in 2018 from the Blue Nile's source to the sea - through Ethiopia and Sudan into Egypt. This 360° video is a version of the first VR documentary series from BBC News. To view the full films, click here. Why is Egypt so upset? Egypt relies on the Nile for 90% of its water. It has historically asserted that having a stable flow of the Nile waters is a matter of survival in a country where water is scarce. A 1929 treaty (and a subsequent one in 1959) gave Egypt and Sudan rights to nearly all of the Nile waters. The colonial-era document also gave Egypt veto powers over any projects by upstream countries that would affect its share of the waters. Neither agreement made any allowance for the water needs of the other riparian states that were not parties to the deal, including Ethiopia, whose Blue Nile contributes much of the river waters. Ethiopia has said it should not be bound by the decades-old treaty and went ahead and started building its dam at the start of the Arab Spring in March 2011 without consulting Egypt. Egyptian President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi was quoted as saying in September last year that it would never have got under way had Egypt not been distracted by the political turmoil. One of the North African country's main concerns is that if the water flow drops it could affect Lake Nasser, the reservoir further downriver, behind Egypt's Aswan Dam, even though it only accounts for a small share of Egypt's electricity. Ethiopia says one of the previous preconditions that Egypt had put for the agreement was that the dam should be connected to the Aswan dam. Mr Seleshi told the BBC that he had explained to the Egyptians that it was "difficult to connect the two dams". "After that they had backed down a bit on the issue but they have brought the idea back today to some extent," he said. Egypt also fears that the dam could restrict its already scarce supply of the Nile waters, which is almost the only water source for its citizens. It could also affect transport on the Nile in Egypt if the water level is too low and affect the livelihood of farmers who depend on the water for irrigation. Why does Ethiopia want such a big dam? The $4bn (£3bn) dam is at the heart of Ethiopia's manufacturing and industrial dreams. When completed it is expected to be able to generate a massive 6,000 megawatts of electricity. Ethiopia has an acute shortage of electricity, with 65% of its population not connected to the grid. The energy generated will be enough to have its citizens connected and sell the surplus power to neighbouring countries. Ethiopia also sees the dam as a matter of national sovereignty. The dam project does not rely on external funding and relies on government bonds and private funds to pay for the project. The country has been critical of what it considers foreign interference in the matter. Does anyone else benefit? Yes. Neighbouring countries including Sudan, South Sudan, Kenya, Djibouti and Eritrea are likely to benefit from the power generated by the dam. Many of these countries have huge power deficits. For Sudan there is the added advantage that the flow of the river would be regulated by the dam - meaning it would be the same all-year round. Usually the country suffers from serious flooding in August and September. Could the dispute lead to a war? There have been fears that the countries could be drawn into a conflict should the dispute not be resolved. In 2013, there were reports of a secret recording showing Egyptian politicians proposing a range of hostile acts against Ethiopia over the building of the dam. President Sisi has also been quoted as saying that Egypt would take all the necessary measures to protect their rights to the Nile waters. In October last year, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed told MPs that "no force" could stop Ethiopia from building the dam. The International Crisis Group warned last year that the countries "could be drawn into conflict" over the dam. The fact that the US intervened shows the seriousness of the situation - and the need to break the deadlock. Egypt sought the intervention of the US on the impasse, after President Sisi requested that President Trump mediate the conflict, which Ethiopia was initially reluctant to accept. A conflict between the two states, which are both US allies, could draw global interest as it would put millions of civilians at risk. It would threaten the vital international trade route through the Suez Canal and along the Horn of Africa, according to analysis by the Washington Institute. So what happens now? The next step will be for the water ministers, along with their countries' foreign ministers, to try and come to a deal before the deadline set last year of 15 January. The timeline was set in November after a meeting between the parties and US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnunchin and World Bank President David Malpass. So the parties representing the countries at the heart of the dispute are expected to convene again in Washington later. "The first [option] is mediation, to see it with a mediator. Second is an issue of facilitation. "These issues need an agreement of the three countries. Article 10 doesn't say it will be based on the desire from one country," Ethiopia's water minister told the BBC. If they still can't agree by 15 January, the negotiators will request another mediator, or refer the matter to the heads of states, as agreed in November last year. "What will be most appropriate for us is to present the report to our leader since there might be [progress] if they [the leaders] solve it," Mr Seleshi said. On Sunday, Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed asked South African President Cyril Ramaphosa to also help mediate in the dispute. Mr Abiy said that, as incoming chair of the African Union, Mr Ramaphosa could help solve the problem peacefully. Correction 22 January 2020: This article has been updated to reflect that the Aswan Dam only accounts for a small share of Egypt's electricity.

নীল নদের ওপর বিশাল জল বিদ্যুৎ কেন্দ্র নির্মাণে বাঁধ তৈরি নিয়ে মিশর এবং ইথিওপিয়ার মধ্যে যে বিরোধ চলছে, সেটির সমাধানে এ বছর ওয়াশিংটনের আবার আলোচনা শুরু হওয়ার কথা রয়েছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

US ambassador Nikki Haley said a new resolution would also be tabled against Pyongyang at the United Nations. She described the test as a sharp military escalation and also threatened to use trade restrictions. Hours after she spoke, the US and South Korea fired more missiles into the Sea of Japan as part of military drills. But Pyongyang said it would not negotiate unless the US ended its "hostile policy" against North Korea. China and Russia also opposed the use of military force. Tuesday's missile launch, the latest in a series of tests, was in defiance of a ban by the UN Security Council. Meanwhile, US Defence Secretary Jim Mattis and his Japanese counterpart Tomomi Inada said the test was an "unacceptable provocation". Gen Mattis said the US was committed to defending Japan and providing deterrence, according to a statement released by the US defence department after their phone call. What exactly did the US say? On Wednesday Ms Haley warned North Korea's test launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) was "quickly closing off the possibility of a diplomatic solution". "The United States is prepared to use the full range of our capabilities to defend ourselves, and our allies," she told an emergency session of the UN Security Council. "One of our capabilities lies with our considerable military forces. We will use them, if we must, but we prefer not to have to go in that direction." On Thursday in South Korea, the US held a joint military drill with the South's troops for a second day in response to the missile test. It involved various destroyers, warships and fighter jets launching guided missiles against a simulated maritime attack, Yonhap news agency reports. 'Worst tension since Korean War', says former US envoy Ms Haley also said the US could cut off trade with countries which continued to trade with North Korea in violation of UN resolutions. "We will look at any country that chooses to do business with this outlaw regime," she said. Earlier, US President Donald Trump criticised China for its trade with North Korea. Mr Trump is due to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping when they attend a G20 summit in Hamburg, Germany, where world leaders are expected to discuss the missile test. Why is Donald Trump going to Poland? Is the international community united on the issue? South Korea's President Moon Jae-in has voiced concern that the North's nuclear and missile development is "proceeding much faster than expected". Speaking in Berlin on Wednesday, where he met German leader Angela Merkel, he said they would "examine possibilities of ramping up sanctions". At the UN Security Council meeting in New York, France's ambassador said it also favoured a new resolution on North Korea to tighten sanctions. Russia, which condemned the test, said the possibility of using military measures "should be excluded". China's ambassador Liu Jieyi echoed similar sentiments and said "military means must not be an option". He repeated China and Russia's proposal that North Korea should halt its missile and nuclear programmes in exchange for US and South Korean military exercises in the region being frozen. They also propose reversing plans to deploy a controversial anti-missile system in the South. Both Russia and China are permanent members of the UN Security Council and could veto any new resolution. What does North Korea itself say? The "US strategy of strength" combined with pressure and engagement "will never work", state news agency KCNA said. Unless the US stopped its "hostile policy", North Korea would "never put the nuke and ballistic rocket on the negotiating table". North Korean leader Kim Jong-un was earlier quoted as saying Tuesday's launch was a "gift" to the Americans on their independence day, and that he had ordered officials to "frequently send big and small 'gift packages' to the Yankees". Pyongyang said the Hwasong-14 ICBM had reached an altitude of 2,802km (1,731 miles) and flown 933km for 39 minutes before hitting a target in the sea. North Korea, it said, was now "a full-fledged nuclear power that has been possessed of the most powerful inter-continental ballistic rocket capable of hitting any part of the world". But while experts agree that the test shows Pyongyang has a long-range projectile, many are sceptical that its missiles can successfully deliver warheads. Have North Korea's missile tests paid off? What is an ICBM? North Korea's missile programme in detail

উত্তর কোরিয়ার দূরপাল্লার ক্ষেপণাস্ত্র পরীক্ষার জের ধরে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র বলছে, দরকার হলে তারা দেশটির সামরিক শক্তি প্রয়োগ করতে প্রস্তুত রয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The so-called "Plandemic" video is edited in the style of a documentary, with much higher production standards than many conspiracy videos. The video is filled with medical misinformation about where the virus came from and how it is transmitted. Despite efforts to remove it, users are constantly re-uploading the clip. Since the 26-minute video first appeared earlier this week, it has exploded across YouTube, Facebook, Twitter and other websites, prompting an attempt to remove it. Among its claims are that the virus must have been released from a laboratory environment and could not possibly be naturally-occurring; that using masks and gloves actually makes people more sick; and that closing beaches is "insanity" because of "healing microbes" in the water. Such claims are not supported by reliable medical and scientific advice. The video also suggests that the number of deaths is being deliberately falsified, in order to exert control over the population. Analysis By Marianna Spring, specialist disinformation reporter Scammers, pranksters and politicians have all been guilty of starting misleading rumours - but people passing themselves off as experts in videos like this one have become crucial to the spread of false claims. Documentary-style films which promote conspiracy theories are increasingly popular, and a marked evolution from the dodgy medical advice being forwarded on WhatsApp at the start of the pandemic. Slick production means videos often look quite credible initially - before promoting totally false claims. That makes them as dangerous - if not more so - than advice with a mix of truth and misleading medical myths. The videos often get a lot more attention than content from trusted media outlets, and the controversial experts they feature have amassed their own fan bases. The misinformation they propagate usually serves to undermine information from trusted health bodies and authorities. It's a game of cat-and-mouse for social media sites like YouTube, since the same item can be uploaded again and again by different users. The video has been viewed millions of times across multiple platforms. Facebook, YouTube, and Vimeo have all removed versions of it from their sites. But such efforts may benefit the film-maker, who claims that there is a large-scale conspiracy to hide the truth. In a post saying the 26-minute video is an excerpt from a future full-length documentary, he urges readers to download the video directly and re-post it elsewhere, "in an effort to bypass the gatekeepers of free speech". Since the pandemic began, the social networks have all had to adapt their content policies to deal with potentially dangerous misinformation. Twitter said it would remove "unverified claims" that could prove dangerous, while Facebook has brought in new tools to point users towards reliable sources of information. YouTube said it removes "medically unsubstantiated diagnostic advice", and this video was removed for making claims about a cure for Covid-19, even though it is not backed by health organisations.

সামাজিক যোগাযোগের প্রধান মাধ্যমগুলো করোনাভাইরাস ষড়যন্ত্র তত্ত্বের ওপর তৈরি এক ভিডিও সরিয়ে দেয়ার চেষ্টা করছে। কিন্তু ইন্টারনেটে দ্রুতগতিতে এই ভিডিও ছড়িয়ে পড়ছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The health ministry said the ruling had been made "based on the proportion of people in quarantine who have acquired a Covid-19 infection in India". Earlier this week, Australia banned all flights from India. There are an estimated 9,000 Australians in India, 600 of whom are classed as vulnerable. This will be the first time Australians have been criminalised for returning to their country, Australian media report. One doctor told ABC that the government's move was disproportionate to the threat posed by those returning from India. "Our families are quite literally dying in India overseas... to have absolutely no way of getting them out - this is abandonment," GP and health commentator Dr Vyom Sharmer said. From Monday, anyone who has been in India within 14 days of their intended arrival date in Australia will be banned from entering the country. Failing to comply with the new ruling could result in a five-year jail sentence, an A$66,000 (£37,000) fine, or both. The decision will be reviewed on 15 May, the health ministry said. "The government does not make these decisions lightly," Health Minister Greg Hunt said in the statement. "However, it is critical the integrity of the Australian public health and quarantine systems is protected and the number of Covid-19 cases in quarantine facilities is reduced to a manageable level." An erosion of rights Frances Mao, BBC News Sydney There's an inscription inside the front jacket of every Australian passport. It calls for protection and assistance for citizens when they're in strife abroad. "The Commonwealth of Australia… requests all those whom it may concern to allow the bearer, an Australian citizen, to pass freely without let or hindrance and to afford him or her every assistance and protection of which he or she may stand in need." Who would have thought that Australians are now struggling to "pass freely" back into their own country? Re-entering and living in your nation is a basic aspect of citizenship. A right of return is recognised in international law, enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. But the problem for stranded Australians is that you can't argue a UN treaty in an Australian court. Citizenship rights - and many other freedoms - aren't guaranteed under their law. Australia lacks a human rights charter or explicit protections in its constitution. So in an emergency situation, the government can make something a criminal offence overnight. At the height of the pandemic last year, the government beefed up its Biosecurity Act to give the health minister near unconditional powers bypassing parliament. That's why citizens now trying to flee a danger zone can face jail for trying to come home. A legal challenge to this two-week ban will take time and be costly - public outrage and pressure may be the only effective remedy. The ministry said it had agreed with India to send emergency medical supplies, including ventilators and personal protective equipment. "Our hearts go out to the people of India - and our Indian-Australian community," the statement added. India has seen cases soar to 19 million and deaths total 200,000. The past week has seen more than 300,000 new cases reported each day. Australia has implemented a series of strict measures to keep the virus out of the country since the pandemic began in February 2020. While the country is enjoying near zero infections rates and has had far fewer fatalities than most countries, the strict lockdown policies have left many Australians stranded overseas. The ban on Indian arrivals this week has marked an escalation - the first time the country has stopped evacuations and blocked citizens from returning home altogether. It has intensified calls for more to be done to get Australians home.

অস্ট্রেলিয়ার নাগরিকরাও যদি ভারত থেকে তাদের দেশে ফিরে আসেন, তাহলে পাঁচ বছর পর্যন্ত তাদের কারাদণ্ড এবং জরিমানা হতে পারে, কারণ দেশটি ভারত থেকে দেশে আসা সাময়িকভাবে অবৈধ ঘোষণা করেছে।