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Surgical procedure. (A) The inferior mesenteric artery and vein were isolated and clipped by absorbable vascular clamps; (B) Rectum was ligated with self-locking nylon bandage; (C) Sigmoid colon was ligated with self-locking nylon bandage; (D) Suture the stump of sigmoid colon and put the orvil into the sigmoid colon; (E) Suture the stump of rectum; (F) Complete the anastomosis.

He presented to the emergency department with a two-day history of right leg pain and swelling. He did not have any respiratory symptoms. There were no provoking factors. Vital signs were within normal limits. Right leg ultrasonography revealed a common femoral vein thrombus. He was initiated on rivaroxaban 15 mg PO twice daily and referred to the Thrombosis clinic.

Whipple's one stage radical pancreatoduodenectomy with antecolic gastrojejunostomy and implantation of the common duct into the jejunum. The patient had a dilated pancreatic duct which was ligated and the pancreas was not anastomosed with jejunum or stomach. This figure was referred from reference #5

Ultrasonographic image of a guinea pig undergoing ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography (US-PAP). It shows a transverse scan of the left kidney immediately before the administration of contrast medium (A) and after the insertion of the needle in the renal pelvis (B). Legend: asterisks = calculi; empty arrowhead = tip of the needle in the renal pelvis.

Treatment with amoxicillin + clavulanate (14 days) and prednisolone 40 mg (7 days) was started at the first visit. The use of nasal corticosteroids and inhaled corticosteroids + long-acting bronchodilator (LABA) was started for rhinitis and asthma control. Environmental control measures were also targeted.

Preoperative sagittal MRI of the spine.: (a) T2-weighted image showing oedema of the pons extending down to T1 with an associated intradural lesion at C4.. (b) Preoperative T1-weighted MRI with contrast showing an extensive intramedullary abscess. (c) Post-operative T2-weighted MRI of the spine at 9 months showing resolution of the abscess and oedema

This patient was included in a prospective protocol for procurement of biological material for genomic studies and cell cultures for metastatic disease which was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Hospital de Pediatria JP Garrahan (protocol #838). Written informed consent was obtained from parents. An orbital and lymph node tumor biopsy was performed in order to confirm the diagnosis. Specimens from the enucleated eye became available at a later time.

A biopsy of the persistent leg lesion collected in April 2016 tested negative for OPXV DNA by real-time PCR (Table) and positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli by classic microbiological assays. The lesion healed after focused antimicrobial treatment.

The clinical case we describe meets all criteria for progressive vaccinia (4): immunodeficiency from HIV infection was documented with a CD4 cell count of <50 cells/mL; multiple lesions developed and failed to heal despite antimicrobial therapy; and VACV infection was confirmed by several laboratory methods. Our results document progressive vaccinia acquired through zoonotic transmission.

The operating time ranged from 30 to 60 minutes (average: 40 minutes). The patients' post-insertion complications are summarized in Table 2. Visceral organ injury was not observed in any patient. There were no instances of pericatheter leakage. One (0.4%) episode of bleeding occurred on the second and third day of care but ceased on the fourth day of care. One (0.4%) patient experienced bilateral inguinal hernia.

Keynote messageSome renal tumors associated with renal cysts can pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. This case report provides a valuable insight into the surgical procedure of a Bosniak IV lesion mimicking a SRC adjacent to a solid renal tumor. Unilocular renal cysts associated with RCC may harbor tumor cells within the cyst wall.

Some renal tumors associated with renal cysts can pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. This case report provides a valuable insight into the surgical procedure of a Bosniak IV lesion mimicking a SRC adjacent to a solid renal tumor. Unilocular renal cysts associated with RCC may harbor tumor cells within the cyst wall.

Keynote messageWe report the case of a 38‐year‐old woman with complete atrioventricular dissociation and sinus arrest occurring after pheochromocytoma resection. Vagal reflex attenuation due to decreased noradrenaline after tumor removal and perioperative pain and fear were believed to be the causes. Adequate preoperative preparation and close monitoring during and after surgery are imperative.

We report the case of a 38‐year‐old woman with complete atrioventricular dissociation and sinus arrest occurring after pheochromocytoma resection. Vagal reflex attenuation due to decreased noradrenaline after tumor removal and perioperative pain and fear were believed to be the causes. Adequate preoperative preparation and close monitoring during and after surgery are imperative.

MRI Brain-FLAIR sequence from first attack in 2012. (A) Short segment transverse myelitis at T11/T12 vertebral segment with mild cord expansion. Lesions depicted affecting the (B) left posterior thalamus and the subcortical/juxtacortical white matter of the left medial occipital lobe; (C) right anterior thalamus and pulvinar region of the left thalamus; (D) highlighting left medial occipital lobe involvement; (E) periaqueductal gray matter hyperintensity; (F) left dorsal medullary hyperintensity also depicted in (G).

a Representative immunostaining micrographs reveal that TDP-43 oligomers mainly colocalized with intraneuronal Aβ (arrowhead) and partly with amyloid plaque (arrow). b Representative immunostaining micrographs show that both amyloid plaque (arrow) and intraneuronal Aβ (arrowhead) colocalized with the total TDP-43 in the entorhinal cortex of a 77-year-old patient with Braak stage IV AD. Four induvial samples were performed. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Fibertracking results of TPNI 1 with a right arm median nerve injury. A proximal slice is shown at the bottom of the image with ascending fiber tracking of the injured ulnar nerve (left) and healthy median nerve (right). The white arrow indicates the area of injury. The nerve is color‐coded for fractional anisotropy (FA).

Digital radiographic images acquired immediately prior to necropsy confirmed the anatomical placement of the implant in the medullary cavity of the right tibia as well as the absence of migration in all cases (Figure 2). The intramedullary implants were drilled through the tibial cortex without causing any observable fracture or clinical signs immediately following surgery. No visible fractures were present prior to necropsy on days 8 and 15.

Sections of tissue from the prescapular lymph node (which drained the inoculation site on the neck) contained medullary cords markedly expanded with large histiocytic cells. Germinal centers were prominent and contained tightly packed lymphocytes. There were a small number of necrotic areas.

The patient was started on blood hypertransfusion. He received two unit of packed RBC/week. Surgical decompression was avoided due to the extent of the lesion and the neurological and hemodynamic risks. He was scheduled for radiation of the affected region of the spine and received a cumulative dose of 3000 cGy in six fractions (500 cGy per fraction).

The follow‐up at 5 months showed a significant decline of the pain (VAS = 20%). The patient's hemoglobin was elevated from 5 g/dL to 9 g/dL and with no transfusion reaction having been noted. MRI demonstrated significant improvement of the epidural masses with no evidence of cord compression. (Figure 3).

Intraoperative images of the lesions in the stomach. a The lesion in the stomach using endoscopic mucosal resection; b The surface of the wound; c Closing of the wound using clips; d The specimens taken from the lesion; e The gastroscopy revealed the scar of the lesion in the stomach

Histopathologic findings of the lesions. a The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of blood-filled ectatic vessels (5 × 10); b The H&E staining of blood-filled ectatic vessels (10 × 10); c The endothelial cells surrounded by thin connective tissues that were CD34 positive (40 × 10)

Khan et al. reported microwave ablation of 102 spinal metastases in 69 patients under CT or fluoroscopy. Follow‐up imaging at 20–24 weeks demonstrated no locoregional progression in 59 of the 61 surviving patients. Two complications were documented; one of them was S1 nerve thermal injury. Westbroek reported a case performed under fluoroscopy with the resultant complication of thermal injury to the spinal cord.

One patient died while participating in the program. The probable cause of death was myocardial infarction. This patient had well-controlled diabetes on metformin alone and had not reported symptoms of myocardial ischemia or other complications prior to their death.

A 24-year-old male suffered from MDTHS fracture and was treated by AATI. a Anterolateral approach with two incisions after cosmetic suture. b The proximal incision is located in the front of the middle and lower humerus. c The distal incision is located on the lateral side of distal humerus. MDTHS stands for the middle and distal-third humeral shaft. AATI stands for the anterolateral approach with two incisions

All patients were given general examination after admission. Surgeons carefully checked for the presence of radial nerve and vascular injury or not. Routine humeral X-ray films were taken. Patients were treated with detumescence and temporary fixation as soon as possible. Patients or their families signed the informed consent before operation.

A: PET-CT on admission showing a 95-mm primary lung tumor in the left upper lobe with pulmonary metastasis in the right upper lobe. B: A-45 mm lesion in the right upper lobe with contralateral mediastinal lymph node enlargement. C: Primary colon cancer. D: The histopathological findings of the lung specimens. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the lung tissue obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy showing moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. D: Immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1 the high PD-L1 expression of tumor cells (TPS: 80%).

We experienced a 10‐year‐old boy with a history of Hemoglobin Evans and accompanying hemolytic anemia who suffered worsening obstructive jaundice due to choledocholithiases. He was successfully treated with an ERCP and cholecystectomy. His past medical history and postprandial pain exacerbation significantly facilitated early diagnosis and management.

The 2-month follow-up computed tomography scan. The follow-up computed tomography scan shows the normalizing size and complete absence of gas in the right kidney. A small posterior cyst of the right kidney is still present (red arrow). Perirenal infiltration has almost disappeared (blue arrows).

One woman described applying an ointment and using traditional Malay massage to relief the swelling in her legs. She expressed satisfaction with the treatment she received:“I didn’t seek medical attention because I managed it (my injuries) by just applying some ointment on the swollen area. I also went for massage for my leg or ankle swelling. It always worked better for me.” (aged 70; Malay female)

We have described the successful clinical course of two patients with relapsed refractory cHL treated with pembrolizumab after having failed multiple lines of therapy including allogeneic SCT. Both of our patients responded to therapy (1 CR and 1 PR) and remain on treatment without evidence of disease progression. Treatment with pembrolizumab in these two patients was not associated with reactivation of GVHD.

Our limited experience cannot necessarily be extrapolated to all patients who present with relapsed cHL after having failed previous treatment with allogeneic SCT. It is important to note that both of our patients had no evidence of active GVHD at the time of therapy with pembrolizumab and were maintained a low-dose prednisone regimen. This may have contributed to safe administration of this agent. These encouraging results with respect to safety and efficacy in this important group of patients should spur additional testing of PD-1 inhibitors in this patient population.

An ultrasound guided aspiration was performed (Figure 4) with aspiration of 3 mL of clear synovial fluid. There was no evidence of microbial infection nor malignancy from the fluid sample. She was reviewed in clinics after aspiration but her symptoms remained. It was thus decided to proceed with surgical exploration of the antecubital fossa.

Initial investigations were as follows: haemoglobin (Hb) 11.2g/dL; white blood cells (WBC) 24×103/dL Neutrophils 86%; serum creatinine 6.7mg/dL; blood urea 210mg/dL; serum sodium 130mmol/L; serum potassium 3.7meq/L. Urine examination showed presence of many RBCs/HPF and proteins +3 and RBC casts. Chest x ray revealed bilateral middle and lower zone infiltrates (Fig.1-A) Initial differential diagnosis was acute glomerulonephritis either post infectious related to pneumonia versus rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) due to vasculitis. Broad spectrum antibiotics were initiated and autoimmune serology were sent. Sputum for gram staining and cultures were also sent. Arterial blood gas was suggestive of combined metabolic acidosis (high anion gap) and respiratory alkalosis. Ultrasonographic scan of the abdomen revealed normal sized kidneys with grade two renal parenchymal changes.

The biopsy specimen of eRMS obtained prior to chemotherapy (A) and the resected specimens obtained after chemotherapy (B) stained positive for ALDH1 on immunohistochemistry. These specimens were taken from the vagina-originated eRMS tissue of a 1-year-old girl. The specimens resected after chemotherapy exhibited a greater cytoplasmic ALDH1 expression than the primary biopsy specimen.

Urethral massage is used to eliminate post micturition dribble in male patients. The patient is instructed to place his fingers behind his scrotum after urination and to massages his bulbar urethra in a forwards and upwards direction so that the urine retained in the bulbar urethra can be released .

Stenosis of 50–60 % in the middle third of the left renal artery due to fibromuscular dysplasia. Stenosis grading based on the continuity equation: PSV ratio where PSV intrastenotic/PSV prestenotic (at the origin of the renal artery) = 220 cm/s / 80 cm/s = 2.7. The video clip shows the intrastenotic PSV (in the middle third of the renal artery) and the prestenotic PSV (proximal third of the renal artery). Artery movement due to breathing complicates the measurement.

We herein describe a patient with PA-LAM with no respiratory or abdominal symptoms and an absence of any pulmonary imaging findings during a 6-month follow-up period. The diagnosis of PA-LAM was not made until a pathohistological examination was performed after surgical resection.

We report a case of acute APT following lung resection presenting within a few days of therapy initiation and fatality occurring within four months. Our objectives were: (1) Recognize that acute APT can occur any time after commencement of amiodarone and it is a diagnosis of exclusion; (2) Recognize the increased risk of acute APT following thoracic surgery.

Second treatment regime was to use the broad spectrum antibiotic along with extensive fluid therapy (Oral and intravenous) at two farms (ICT-1 and ICT-2). Some salt and sugar preparation (ORS) were added in drinking water while Ringer-lactate was given intravenously.

A) Periapical radiograph showing a large periapical radiolucency apparently involving the apices of teeth #9 and 10. Tooth #10 shows a radiopaque material extending beyond the radiographic apex by approximately 2.5mm. B) Periapical radiograph showing gutta-percha beyond the root apex which could not be retrieved and a no. 40 hand K-file that passed beyond the apical foramen. C) Periapical radiograph after 5 months showing a favorable amount of periapical healing. The weakened coronal tooth structure was removed. D) Periapical radiograph after 1 year 3 months showing considerable amount of periapical healing in spite of the overextended gutta-percha

A periapical radiograph revealed a large periapical radiolucency (~1.7×1.4cm in diameter) apparently involving the apices of teeth #9 and 10 (Figure 1A). Tooth #10 showed a radiopaque material that extended from the root canal space and beyond the radiographic apex by approximately 2.5mm. Inadequate adaptation of the gutta-percha at the apex was also noted which probably further exacerbated the poor apical seal. Tooth #8 showed a radiopaque material extending only till the middle third of the root canal space. A radiolucent bulge in middle third of the root canal was suggestive of an internal resorptive defect.

The first case report using eculizumab as a therapeutic approach in aHUS was reported in 2009. Nurnberg et al. reported that an 18-month-old boy with a plasma-resistant congenital form of the disease achieved remission after the initiation of treatment with eculizumab . The second important observation was the resolution of hemolysis and improvement of the transplant function after receiving eculizumab in a 30-year-old woman with a CFH mutation who had a recurrence of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in a kidney graft .

Patient with right renal colic. a US image show an oedematous UVJ (arrow). b Colour Doppler shows the presence of a small ureteral jet confirming the patency of the ureter (arrow). c A small stone that moves according to patient decubitus is identified at the urinary bladder (arrow)

Patient with known congenital polycystic kidney disease and mild renal impairment with flank pain and acute renal insufficiency. a Right kidney with multiple cysts and mild dilatation of the pelvis; b minimal dilatation of the ureter due to a small stone (arrow) at the upper third of the ureter

Photographs before (A and B) and following (C) a 4-week course of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation using the geko device to treat left leg below-knee swelling and pain in a 70-year-old man. Placement of the device over the common peroneal nerve (B and C) activated the short head of the biceps femoris muscle.

Acute retinal necrosis with posterior uveitis. (a) The fundus photo of a patient with acute retinal necrosis with vitritis. This example demonstrates the limitation of the EDI (c) and CDI (d) techniques in obtaining a good posterior vitreous visibility in patients with dense vitritis where the normal OCT scan can pick up posterior vitreous cells as can be seen in (b).

We report the first case of coexistent compression of both left renal artery and aorta by median arcuate ligament with kinked aorta. This pathology was revealed in computed tomography angiography of the abdomen. The patient was referred for the examination due to hypertension.

Surgical indications were progressive thoracic myelopathy and dorsal pain. We performed total laminectomy and resection of the OLF at the involved levels. The dura beneath the OLF was removed and duraplasty was performed if the dura was adhered to OLF and could not be separated. Posterior fusion with instrumentation was carried out when laminectomy was performed in three or more levels.

This report describes the first probable case of transfusion-associated WNV infection in which the donation was reactive by MP-NAT but nonreactive by ID-NAT on initial screening. The case occurred in an immunosuppressed patient. Virus-specific immunoglobulin M and neutralizing antibodies could be detected in the implicated donation. These findings are suggestive that transmission occurred from a blood donation with a low concentration of WNV even in the presence of presumptively protective WNV-specific antibodies.

We report a case of cervical esophageal stenosis that resulted from thyroidectomy performed at a peripheral hospital; the stenosis was successfully treated by cervical esophagectomy with larynx preservation and reconstruction with a tubed radial forearm free flap. We also discuss the prevention and treatment options for this complication with a review of the literature.

Mechanical obstruction of the ICA by the expansion of a pituitary adenoma is a very unusual but potentially devastating event where eye-saving and oncological priorities intermingle with a high risk of ischemic stroke and fatality. This case report describes a two-step therapeutic strategy that consists of performing a cerebral bypass in preparation for the removal of the pituitary adenoma causing the symptomatic occlusion of the ICA. This is an alternative to the usual approach of directly removing the pituitary tumor.

A positive β-HCG was obtained 11 days after embryo transfer and fetal heart beat was confirmed by ultrasound observation 7 weeks after. The patient delivered an healthy boy weighting 3.900 g at 40 weeks of gestation. No neonatal problems have been reported.

Here we report the rare case of chromosomal translocation t(3;10)(q26;q21) involving MECOM. Using modern cytogenetic and molecular biological techniques we were able to characterize the nucleotide sequence of this breakpoint and thus identify the fusion partner on chromosome 10.

A 78-year-old man presented with an eight-month history of nasal obstruction and self-resolving episodes of epistaxis. The patient denied any history of tobacco or alcohol use and had no prior history of radiation. He was previously treated with partial colectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy for colon adenocarcinoma.

The tumor was removed by combined endoscopic and open craniofacial approaches. Final histopathological examination of the lesion showed a poorly differentiated basaloid squamous cell carcinoma with positive resection margins. The patient had a smooth postoperative course with no significant complications.

At the time of the patient’s visit at our Department the medication for the therapy of GPA consisted of a combination of prednisolone 10 mg/day and cyclopsporine 150 mg/day prescribed by her family doctor. The patient’s full medication is presented in Table 1.Table 1Patient’s full medicationMedicationDosage per dayAmlodipine10 mgFlecainide acetat50 mgXipamide5 mgPrednisolone10 mgCiclosporine150 mgOmeprazole40 mgL-Thyroxine125 μg Metamizole500 mgVitamin D31200 mg

Diagram showing the femoral longitudinal split (FLS) procedure. Multiple drill holes were connected by an osteotome at the posterior aspect of the proximal femur (a). Diagram showing the inserted osteotome twisted to open the split portion (b). Diagram showing the FLS procedure applied to case 9 (c)

Case 2. Axial computed tomography angiography of the head (A and B) shows a Type B basal vein of Rosenthal on the right side (arrow head in A) and a Type A basal vein of Rosenthal on the left side (arrows in A and B). Lateral view of the venous phase of the internal carotid artery angiogram (C and D) shows a Type B basal vein of Rosenthal on the right side (arrow in C; the basal vein of Rosenthal is not visualized anteriorly) and a Type A basal vein of Rosenthal on the left side (arrow in D).

Cytotoxic treatment was given to two patients with GN and 9 patients with GNBI. One patient with GN presented with a large stage 3 tumor and received chemotherapy because diagnosis of GN was made only from biopsy and immature components within the residuals were suspected by local physicians. The other patient with GN received chemotherapy because of an intraspinal tumor mass. No patient showed significant response to chemotherapy and residual tumor is still observed.

A 20-year-old Caucasian man presented to our clinical Department for the correction of an excessively wide maxillary tooth and an anterior diastema that caused aesthetic and psychological problems. His medical history was noncontributory and there were no dental abnormalities among his family members.

The provisional crowns were tested for two weeks before fabrication of the definitive prostheses to achieve the proper maturation of soft tissue. The definitive prostheses were made in ceramic material. The final aesthetic result was acceptable and our patient was satisfied.

A focused ultrasound scan found an area of increased glandular density while mammography showed 15 mm microcalcifications in the suspicious area. Breast MRI confirmed pathological contrast enhancement. The lesion was diagnosed as high-grade DCIS by histological examination after vacuum-assisted biopsy. Nipple-sparing mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy and immediate implant-based reconstruction were performed in March 2012.

The uptake mechanism of 18FDG in tumour cells depends on the increased number of functional glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes . 18FDG is physiologically and homogeneously distributed in both cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres (glucose avid) and brain tumours are visualized as lesions with higher or lower radiopharmaceutical uptake comparing with normal brain parenchyma . An example of a cerebellar metastasis deriving from lung tumour imaged by 18FDG PET/CT is reported in Figure 1.

The leading author wrote to three patients explaining the educational value of this case presentation and requested their permission to present their cases in the open access journal; the authors are most grateful to the patients for allowing us to include their case histories in this publication.

Recent brain MRI in our centre showed severe atrophy of left cerebral hemisphere with the left temporal lobe and inferior frontal lobes being worst affected. Heavy T2W TR/TE 4000/120 axial images also showed supra-ventricular left parietal lobe 32 × 17mm wedge shape hyperintense lesion. Similar 43.9 × 15.6 T2W high signal lesions was seen at the mid-ventricular left temporo-parietal lobe. These lesions have peripheral grey mater base and extend into sub-cortical fibres. They show subtle gyriform GD-DTPA enhancement but without intravascular enhancement sign. FLAIR sequences showed these lesions to be isointense to CSF. Observed consequences of unilateral contraction of left cerebral hemisphere especially the temporal and inferior lobes from the inner table were (1) decrease in the relative size of left basal ganglia (2) little interposed coronal radiata between ventricles and deep cortical sulci (3) mild ex-vacuo enlargement of frontal horn and left transverse sinus (4) elevation of the petrous ridge and reduced size of the middle cranial fossa.

Vossakamper and Schachenmayer (1990) reported a case of postictal cerebral hemiatrophy with a wide spread loss of cortical neurons of the entire single hemisphere. This is notably a secondary cerebral hemiatrophy as the disease process began at age of two years after a widely normal early development.

Childhood cerebral hemiatrophy is an uncommonly encountered clinical entity. Our two newly discovered cases would have escaped recognition but for exploits of neuro-imagings especially MRI. The authors intend to emphasize the revelance of increasing availability of neuro-imaging modalities in sub-saharan Africa as their findings may immensely dilute entities hitherto regarded as uncommon. Literature review gave an extensive gamut of differential diagnoses of childhood cerebral hemiatrophy including neoplasm that ordinarily is known to provoke peri-tumoral edema

Patient B placental pathologies over 3 pregnancies with increasing plasma exposure. Placental pathologies of patient B over her three pregnancies are shown. 1. No plasma infusion in first pregnancy; delivery at 33 WG due to TTP with a significant advance in maturation and villi infarction over fibrin deposit. 2. Prophylactic plasma infusions from 13 WG in second pregnancy; significant advance in maturation and intervillous old thrombosis on placental pathology at 35 WG. 3. Plasma infusions from the beginning of her third pregnancy allowed birth at 38 WG and a placental histology consistent with the term. Second and third pregnancies were uneventful

The majority of cytogenetically detectable unbalanced rearrangements are associated with significant phenotypic abnormalities. Unbalanced rearrangements with additional sex chromosomes often present challenges for informed genetic counseling. We present a prenatally diagnosed supernumerary X chromosome with complex rearrangements of inverted duplication with deletion and gain of satellites in a phenotypically normal female infant.

The clinical significance of gain of an X chromosome with a complex structural rearrangement containing four copies of the proximal Xq11.1-Xq22.1 region has not been previously described. Characterization of the structural rearrangement at molecular level further elucidated the phenotypic effects of X inactivation and X chromosome abnormalities. The identification of non-random X-inactivation of the abnormal X chromosome suggests that the inactivation minimizes the negative effects of the structural and genomic imbalances. The findings from this study demonstrated the importance of additional testing in the cases with unbalanced X chromosome rearrangements in prenatal genetic counseling.

The neuroimaging results of the first patient. a CT scans demonstrated an oval high-density lesion in the sellar area and bone destruction. b T2-weighted MRI showed the lesion was slight hyperintense. c T1-weighted sagittal MRI showed the lesion was isointense. d DWI-MRI showed the lesion was iso- or hyperintensity. e–g The solid part heterogeneously enhanced after contrast. h. Postoperative MRI scans (3 days later) showed a gross removal of the tumor

Written informed consent was obtained from the first patient’s parents because of her death and the second patient herself for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal. The ethical review has been approved by our ethics committee.

Dural bleeding. Fresh bleeding into the falx. White arrows indicate blood adjacent to the superior sagittal sinus and in the posterior falx (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P$$\end{document}P)

Our patient had no other autoimmune disease associated and she had a complete response of PG and PUK with cyclosporine A and systemic corticosteroids. PG and other autoimmune disorders or diseases producing immunosuppression should be considered in the differential diagnosis of PUK. Early recognition of these manifestations can lead to the application of appropriate treatment improving the prognosis [3–10].

Metz et al studied the histopathological and MRI findings of IRIS in a series of five MS patients with NTM associated PML after cessation of therapy. They reported that one of the enhancement patterns compatible with IRIS is the linear and speckled enhancement of the gray-white matter junction or within the gray matter . A similar speckled pattern of enhancement was encountered in the cerebellar lesion that our patient developed at the time of her second severe relapse.

Percutaneous transhepatic portogram (A) Percutaneous transhepatic portogram showing 5-Fr vascular sheath within the main portal vein with no evidence of active extravasation. Slight narrowing of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) at its confluence with the main portal vein is noted. (B) A 7-Fr vascular sheath within the main portal vein and calibrated sizing catheter in the SMV demonstrating wall contour irregularity and narrowing of the SMV at the site of suspected bleeding based on the drain check.

Post stent placement percutaneous transhepatic portogram and fluoroscopic drain contrast injection (A ) Post-stent deployment portogram shows covered balloon expandable iCAST stent in superior mesenteric vein (SMV) with interval resolution of vessel wall contour irregularity and narrowing. (B) A 12-Fr all-purpose drainage catheter injection confirming successful seal of the fistula between the SMV and the postoperative cavity.

Culture of a small fragment of a biopsy specimen onto Sabouraud dextrose agar showed vigorous growth of colonies that were consistent with “Mucorales” on the basis of both gross colony morphology (floccose or “woolly”) and microscopic features of slide culture (aseptate hyaline hyphae and sporangium morphology: globose and deliquescent). The isolate was not speciated and molecular identification was not performed.

Intravenous narcotics were of limited benefit to the patient and he continued to report a pain level of 7-8/10 on the visual analog scale (VAS). An ultrasound-guided TAP block with 20 mL of a combination of 0.25% bupivacaine and 40 mg of depomedrol was performed. The patient reported pain relief within 5 minutes and was discharged home approximately one hour following the block. At 10-day telephone follow-up he reported that he had enjoyed complete relief of his symptoms for 7 days. He described a return of symptoms but his VAS pain score had reduced to 1-2/10.

Sequential contrast-enhanced CT images of the ablation area of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) measuring 2.8 cm observed for the longest period with two cryoablations. a Contrast-enhanced CT before cryotherapy. b Contrast-enhanced CT 1 month after stage 1 cryotherapy. c Contrast-enhanced CT 12 months after stage 1 cryotherapy. d Contrast-enhanced CT 1 month after stage 2 cryotherapy. e Contrast-enhanced CT 12 months after stage 2 cryotherapy

Sequential contrast-enhanced ultrasound images of the ablation area of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) observed for the period with two cryoablations. a Contrast-enhanced ultrasound 1 month after stage 1 cryotherapy. b Contrast-enhanced ultrasound 12 months after stage 1 cryotherapy. c Contrast-enhanced ultrasound 1 month after stage 2 cryotherapy. d Contrast-enhanced ultrasound 12 months after stage 2 cryotherapy

Pedigrees of non-simplex and consanguineous families and sample example figures of clinical data. a Pedigrees of non-simplex and consanguineous families. USH patients are illustrated by squares or circles in black while the unaffected family members are in white. Patients with DNA sequenced by panel or whole exome sequencing in our project are indicated by an arrow. b Fundus of left eye of USHsrf59 at age 31. The fundus showed salt and pepper pigmentation variation in the periphery retina and attenuation of the retinal vessels. c OCT of left eye of USHsrf59 at age 31. OCT showed lack of IS/OS except macula fovea in photoreceptor layer. Her visual acuity is 0.8/0.5 at age 31. This patient was diagnosed with USH II. Her hearing loss began at age 5 and vision loss began at age 12. d Fundus of right eye of USHsrf66 at age 57. The fundus showed bone spicule pigmentation variation and attenuation of the retinal vessels. e OCT of left eye of USHsrf66 at age 57. Her visual acuity is 0.06/0.06 at age 57. OCT showed a thinned retinal pigment epithelium and a photoreceptor layer (lack of IS/OS). This patient was diagnosed with USH II. Her hearing loss began at age 8 and vision loss began at age 30 with night blindness starting from school age. f Hearing test on left ear of USHsrf66

Double compound heterozygous mutations in patient USHsrf40. Patient USHsrf40 carries compound heterozygous mutations in two genes MYO7A and CGNA1: two missense mutation in MYO7A and frameshift and missense mutations in CNGA1. Mutations segregate in this family

we decided not to interfere with any patient in labor until it became obvious to all [that] she could not give birth by herself. The end-point chosen was a 2 h arrest of labor after the membranes were ruptured [and] the cervix fully dilated and retracted behind the head.

The surgical staff carried out the surgical procedure with the patient under general anesthesia. They obtained intraoral access via an incision on the anterior edge of the mandibular ramus and along the external oblique ridge. They performed the periosteal dissection was done lingually to expose the sigmoid notch of the mandible. They used a round burr was used to make cuts on the cortical bone of the mandible where they had estimated the crown of the ectopic tooth from the CT scans and the panoramic radiograph.

The postoperative phase was uneventful (Fig. 3). The patient was under antibiotic coverage along with anti-inflammatory analgesics for 7 days. The patient was under regular follow-up care for 18 months. There was no deviation of the mandible and preoperative occlusion was maintained without any functional discrepancy.

MRI conspicuously depicted the boundaries of the uterine tumour (Fig 5A). The tumour was hyperintense on T2-weigthed images and moderately contrast-enhancing on T1-weighted series after i.v. contrast. Restricted diffusion within the tumour tissue was striking with hyperintensity on high b-value images and corresponding low ADC value on the ADC map (Fig 5A).

This complication was also reported associated with some other proliferation signal inhibitors such as everolimus and temsirolimus (8). It is believe that the probable mechanism of action of this drug is through T-lymphocyte activation by interfering with interlukein-2 signal transduction (9).

Patient V:2 is the only surviving child from a triplet pregnancy. The other two triplets miscarried at 16 weeks gestation. This child was well at birth (no respiratory distress) but she presented with recurrent chest infections as a child and she currently has a wet productive cough and rhinitis. She does not have sinusitis. She has had grommets inserted for otitis media and is awaiting removal of her tonsils and adenoids. Situs inversus totalis was incidentally detected on chest X-ray. She has a structurally normal heart. She has some speech delay.

TEM in patients V:1 and V:2 showed a high percentage of outer and inner dynein arm defects (Fig. 1b). The proportion of cilia with dynein arm defects was not within the range usually seen in patients with PCD but considerably higher than normal (Additional file 1: Table S2). Further investigation was therefore recommended following this inconclusive result. Whole exome sequencing was pursued.

Severe pneumonia and intestinal infection occurred in six patients and eventually led to death. Sepsis was documented in five patients but was controlled by antibiotics during the agranulocytosis period after CBT. Seven patients developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia (CMV-DNA >103 copies/mL) but were negative after antiviral treatment. None developed CMV-associated diseases. Three patients experienced hemorrhagic cystitis and were cured by adequate hydration and urine alkalinization.

For the purposes of this exercise we obtained a selection of suitable MR images in which complementary surgical confirmation was available to clarify the degree of adhesive pathology. Of particular interest was a patient with a surgically confirmed adhesion to the anterior abdominal wall following a hernia repair. The result of the shear summed over approximately 3 respiratory cycles for this patient is compared to two healthy volunteers without adhesions in Figure 3.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Primary IgAN was confirmed by pathological diagnosis. The patients had definite pathological data with predominantly mesangial deposition of IgA with 2+ on immunofluorescent staining and electron-dense deposits within the mesangium detected by electron microscopy

a This patient has a prominent left cheek and exophthalmos preoperatively. b Left exophthalmos is improved after the decompression of the lateral orbital wall. c Full size model. The area surrounded by the red line indicates the maximum size that can be filed off the lateral orbital wall. Decompression to this size is planned. d Model after decompression of the lateral orbital wall of maximum size. This is the same size as the actual operation

On July 2013 the patient came under our observation with a CT control demonstrating the evolution into a 6 cm arch aneurysm of the false lumen. The celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric and right renal arteries were perfused by the true lumen; the left renal artery was perfused by the false lumen (Figure 1A).

(A) Angio-CT documenting the proximal infolding of the endograft and the left common carotid dissection; (B) angioplasty of the proximal infolding and retrograde angiography of the dissected left common carotid; (C) angio-CT documenting the residual proximal leak and no residual dissection of the left common carotid. CT = computed tomography.

In this case we had no possibility to implant a CE- or FDA-approved stent graft and the general conditions of the patient and the refusal of any kind of blood transfusion did not permit a new open procedure to replace the aortic arch and the descending aorta. So we considered the treatment with the Najuta thoracic stent graft.

Eight patients were treated with omeprazole. One of these patients started treatment with omeprazole but continued with ranitidine. One patient was exclusively treated with ranitidine. The formulations used were Losec (40 mg/mL omeprazole) intravenous solutions and Zantac (15 mg/mL ranitidine) oral solution (Table 1).