Datasets:

sentence-transformers

/

trivia-qa

like 5

Follow

Sentence Transformers 933

The Mackenzie River flows form which lake to the ocean?

Mackenzie River In Canada - WorldAtlas.com Geography Mackenzie River In Canada Though the longest river in Canada, all of the Mackenize's 1,080 miles are enclosed within the Northwest Territories alone. The Mackenzie River Delta with its twists, turns, channels, and outlying frozen pools of water. 5. Description The Mackenzie River system is the second largest river system in the North American continent, after only the Mississippi-Missouri River system. It is also Canada’s largest and longest river basin. The Mackenzie River system flows along a course of 4,241 kilometers from its headwaters in the Finlay River to its drainage into the Beaufort Sea in the Arctic Ocean. The Mackenzie and its tributaries together drain an area of about 1,805,200 square kilometers, which represents about 20% of Canada’s total land area. Though the Mackenzie River itself flows entirely within the boundaries of the Northwest Territories of Canada, many of its tributaries spread out into adjacent Canadian provinces, such as British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Yukon. The Peace, Athabasca, and Liard Rivers are some of the most important tributaries of the Mackenzie. A number of lakes, like the Lake Athabasca, Great Slave Lake, and Great Bear Lake, also form notable parts of the Mackenzie River system. 4. Historical Role The Mackenzie River basin was used as an important trade route by European fur traders since the late 18th Century. The river was named after the Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie, who explored the river and traveled along its course to reach the Arctic Ocean in 1789. Soon thereafter, a large number of trade posts cropped up along the river and its tributaries, and York boats began to ply on the river in the early 19th Century. These boats were gradually replaced by steamboats, and the fur trade soon flourished along the river. In the early parts of the 20th Century, mining became another economically significant activity around the Mackenzie River Basin, though in the later half of the 20th Century, profits garnered from mining activities there became marginal at best. 3. Modern Significance The Mackenzie River basin is still one of the most sparsely populated, and pristine, habitats of North America. Through the trapping of animals such as beavers, lynxes, foxes, and martens for fur is still practiced by the indigenous Indians settled along the river, fur trading is no longer a dominant source of economic revenue for this region. Agriculture is not extensively practiced in this region, and is mainly limited to the warmer, southern reaches of the river and its tributaries, where grains and cereals are cultivated and animal ranching is practiced. Commercial fishing is carried out in the lakes of the Mackenzie system like Lake Athabasca and the Great Slave Lake. Oil and petroleum mining is the major profitable activity along the Mackenzie River, with the first oil field being discovered in 1921 at Norman Wells. Uranium, gold, diamond, lead, and zinc have also been mined in and along the Mackenzie River system. Besides its economic significance, the Mackenzie River is also ecologically significant, hosting some of the most pristine habitats of North America, and accounting for 11% of the freshwater entering into the Arctic, thereby influencing the circulation patterns of this northern ocean to a significant degree. 2. Habitat The Mackenzie River flows through a Boreal forest zone in the south, then into an extensive taiga vegetation zone in its middle reaches, and finally drains into the Arctic Ocean via the Arctic tundra zone in its northernmost reaches. Alders, Trembling aspens, birches, Balsam firs, and spruces are some of the important plant species of the Taiga forests along the Mackenzie River system. Further north, cottongrass, feather-moss, bog cranberry, and sphagnum moss cover the landscape along the river basin. The caribou, lynxes, minks, beavers, and muskrats are some of the mammalian species inhabiting the taiga forests along the Mackenzie. Beluga whales can often be spotted in the Mackenzie River Delta,

Which Mexican port was seized by US marines in 1914 to prevent the import of German arms for rebel groups?

From the Halls of Montezuma January 25, 2011 By John Hoyle In the Marine Hymn, the phrase “From the Halls of Montezuma…” refers to the Battle of Chapultepec, a fierce engagement between Mexican and American armies during the Mexican-American War in 1847. When that battle ended, the United States had won a decisive military victory over General Santa Anna’s Mexican army that was holding Chapultepec Castle, located just west of Mexico City. After 1845, when the United States annexed Texas, Santa Anna continued to claim that Texas was still a province of Mexico. He refused to recognize the secession and ignored the decisive victories by the predominantly American Texicans in 1836. His attitude eventually led to war. Early on September 12, 1847 the Americans began an artillery barrage against the Castle that continued throughout the day and resumed at dawn the next day.  After the artillery bombardment ceased, General Winfield Scott ordered his troops to charge the Castle. A storming party led by forty Marines was followed by a brigade of volunteers. For a time the detachment stalled while they waited for ladders to arrive and for reinforcements held up by heavy Mexican artillery. When the ladders finally arrived, the first wave of Americans ascended the walls led by the Marines. George Pickett (later famous for “Pickett’s Charge” at Gettysburg) was the first over the wall. Several American Generals and other officers were wounded as they led their men over the walls before the Marines were finally able to raise the U.S. Flag over the castle. During the battle a Mexican army cadet wrapped himself in the Mexican flag and jumped from the extremely high wall to prevent the seizure of the Mexican flag by the Americans.  From a very safe distance, General Santa Anna (yes, the same Santa Anna who captured the Alamo in 1836) watched his army troops melt away in defeat. The Battle for Chapultepec Castle was marked with extreme bravery and sacrifice by soldiers on both sides, many who were just cadets and volunteers. This was just one of several great battles fought during The Mexican–American War, now an almost obscure conflict between the United States and Mexico (1846-48). At the end of the Mexican-American War, the United States forced the Mexican government, under the terms of the “Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,” to give up the Mexican territories of Alta California (now the state of California) and Santa Fe de Nuevo México (parts of west Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Nevada). The Rio Grande became the official boundary between Texas and Mexico. Mexico was forced to forever drop all claims to Texas and California and all of the land between them. Thus the southern boundaries of the United States of America were set and secured, guaranteeing peace between the the two North American nations for generations to come. Of course, that was not the case then – nor is it now. In 1914, the United States occupied the Mexican port of Veracruz for six months due to a misunderstanding between Mexican guard troops and some U.S. soldiers who had been sent to protect American citizens living there. This incident was one of several diplomatic problems between the two countries related to the Mexican Revolution that was going on at the time. In response to that misunderstanding, known as the “Tampico Affair,” President Woodrow Wilson ordered the U.S. Navy to occupy both the city and port of Veracruz. When Wilson received an alert that a German delivery of weapons to Mexican rebels was due to arrive there, he ordered the port’s customs office be seized and the weapons confiscated. In 1913, Mexican rebel armies overthrew the Mexican government during a coup d’état. Wilson refused to recognize the rebels as the legitimate government of Mexico and embargoed all arms shipments to them. Unofficially, Wilson supported what little remained of the Constitutional Army of the previous elected government of Mexico. It turned out that the arms shipment to Mexico actually originated at the Remington Arms Company in the United States. Remington’s guns and a

Who was Vice President during WWI?

Woodrow Wilson - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Google Woodrow Wilson’s Early Years Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born on December 28, 1856, in Staunton, Virginia . (Because his mother said he arrived around midnight, some sources list Wilson’s birthday as December 29.) His father, Joseph Ruggles Wilson (1822-1903), was a Presbyterian minister, and his mother, Janet Woodrow Wilson (1826-1888), was a minister’s daughter and originally from England. Tommy Wilson, as he was called growing up, spent his childhood and teen years in Augusta, Georgia , and Columbia, South Carolina . During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Wilson’s father served as a chaplain in the Confederate army and used his church as a hospital for injured Confederate troops. Did You Know? Woodrow Wilson, who had an esteemed career as an academic and university president before entering politics, did not learn to read until he was 10, likely due to dyslexia. Wilson graduated from Princeton University (then called the College of New Jersey ) in 1879 and went on to attend law school at the University of Virginia. After briefly practicing law in Atlanta, Georgia, he received a Ph.D. in political science from Johns Hopkins University in 1886. (Wilson remains the only U.S. president to earn a doctorate degree.) He taught at Bryn Mawr College and Wesleyan College before being hired by Princeton in 1890 as a professor of jurisprudence and politics. From 1902 to 1910, Wilson was president of Princeton, where he developed a national reputation for his educational reform policies. In 1885, Wilson married Ellen Axson (1860-1914), a minister’s daughter and Georgia native. The couple had three daughters before Ellen died of kidney disease in 1914, during her husband’s first presidential term. The following year, Wilson married Edith Bolling Galt (1872-1961), a widow whose husband had owned a Washington , D.C., jewelry business. Woodrow Wilson’s Rise in Politics In 1910, Woodrow Wilson was elected governor of New Jersey, where he fought machine politics and garnered national attention as a progressive reformer. In 1912, the Democrats nominated Wilson for president, selecting Thomas Marshall (1854-1925), the governor of Indiana , as his vice presidential running mate. The Republican Party split over their choice for a presidential candidate: Conservative Republicans re-nominated President William Taft (1857-1930), while the progressive wing broke off to form the Progressive (or Bull Moose) Party and nominated Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), who had served as president from 1901 to 1909. With the Republicans divided, Wilson, who campaigned on a platform of liberal reform, won 435 electoral votes, compared to 88 for Roosevelt and eight for Taft. He garnered nearly 42 percent of the popular vote; Roosevelt came in second place with more than 27 percent of the popular vote. Woodrow Wilson’s First Administration At the age of 56, Woodrow Wilson was sworn into office in March 1913. He was the last American president to travel to his inauguration ceremony in a horse-drawn carriage. Once in the White House , Wilson achieved significant progressive reform. Congress passed the Underwood-Simmons Act, which reduced the tariff on imports and imposed a new federal income tax. It also passed legislation establishing the Federal Reserve (which provides a system for regulating the nation’s banks, credit and money supply) and the Federal Trade Commission (which investigates and prohibits unfair business practices). Other accomplishments included child labor laws, an eight-hour day for railroad workers and government loans to farmers. Additionally, Wilson nominated the first Jewish person to the U.S. Supreme Court, Louis Brandeis (1856-1941), who was confirmed by the Senate in 1916. When World War I broke out in Europe in the summer of 1914, Wilson was determined to keep the United States out of the conflict. On May 7, 1915, a German submarine torpedoed and sank the British ocean liner Lusitania , killing more than 1,100 people (including 128 Americans). Wilson continued to maintain U.S. neut

In which language did The Singing Nun sing when she topped the singles charts?

The Singing Nun’s Story – EW.com Email A more unlikely pop star is hard to imagine: a shy, bespectacled Belgian nun in full Dominican habit wearing cloddy but practical shoes. Yet Jeanine Deckers, known to the world as the Singing Nun, was the sensation of late 1963. Twenty-nine years ago this week, she held No. 1 on the pop charts, outselling Motown, Elvis, and surf music with ”Dominique,” her folksy tribute to the founder of her order, St. Dominic. With its lilting, repetitive chorus (”Dominique-a-nique-a-nique ”), her French-language song provided an upbeat antidote to a world rocked by the recent assassination of John F. Kennedy. Teens and adults around the globe bought more than a million copies of the single and of her Singing Nun album, which also held a top spot on the U.S. charts that December. Born circa 1934 (the exact date is unknown), Deckers took the name Sister Luc-Gabrielle in 1959 when she entered Belgium’s Fichermont Convent, where she composed a dozen of her own songs, including ”Dominique.” While recording them for the convent’s private use, Philips Records executives, who dubbed Deckers ”Soeur Sourire” (Sister Smile), heard a hit in the making and convinced the nuns to release the songs commercially. Within two years, ”Dominique” made at least $100,000 in royalties for the convent. The composer’s own life, however, did not fare as well as her first songs. In 1966, as Debbie Reynolds portrayed her in The Singing Nun (a dud Sister Smile reportedly dismissed as ”fiction”), Deckers hung up her habit to pursue a full-time singing career under her given name. But when two singles — the controversial birth control anthem ”Glory Be to God for the Golden Pill” and the prophetically titled ”Sister Smile Is Dead” — went nowhere, Deckers quietly turned to teaching handicapped youngsters in Wavre, Belgium, eventually opening her own school for autistic children. Sadly, she seemed ill-prepared for life outside the convent. By 1985, then in her 50s, Deckers was overwhelmed by debt, with the Belgian government claiming she owed $63,000 in back taxes. Pushed to desperation when she thought she would lose her school, she swallowed a lethal amount of barbiturates with alcohol, and was joined by her companion of 10 years, Annie Pecher, a physiotherapist and a fellow former nun. Found near their bodies was a poignant note from both, asking for forgiveness and understanding: ”We hope God will welcome us. He saw us suffer, so He should show clemency.” Time Capsule: December 20, 1963 The wacky Clampetts owned TV in the second season of The Beverly Hillbillies, and Mary McCarthy’s The Group was a must-read, while Cary Grant, Audrey Hepburn, and romantic Paris charmed moviegoers in Charade. Show Full Article

Who recorded the albums Blue and Court And Spark?

Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark Court and Spark Release date:  January 17, 1974 Buy Music Album Notes Drums and percussion - John Guerin Bass - Max Bennett (on Trouble Child), Jim Hughart (on People's Parties and Free Man In Paris), Wilton Felder Chimes (on Court and Spark) - Milt Holland Woodwinds & reeds - Tom Scott Trumpet (on Twisted and Trouble Child) - Chuck Findley Piano - Joni Mitchell Electric Piano - Joe Sample Clavinet (on Down To You) - Joni Mitchell Background voices - Joni Mitchell, David Crosby and Graham Nash (on Free Man In Paris), Susan Webb and David Crosby (on Down To You), Cheech and Chong (on Twisted) Electric Guitar - Wayne Perkins (on Car On A Hill), Dennis Budimir (on Trouble Child); Robbie Robertson (on Raised on Robbery), Jose Feliciano and Larry Carlton (on Free Man in Paris), Larry Carlton on all others Joe Sample appears courtesy of The Crusaders and Chisa/Blue Thumb Records Inc. Larry Carlton appears courtesy of Chisa/Blue Thumb Records Inc. Jose Feliciano appears courtesy of RCA Records Cheech & Chong appear courtesy of Ode Records Robbie Robertson appears courtesy of Capitol Records. The strings on the 'Same Situation' were arranged by Tom Scott; 'Down To You" arranged by Joni Mitchell and Tom Scott; 'Car On A Hill' arranged by Joni Mitchell Sound Engineer - Henry Lewy Mastering Engineer - Bernie Grundman All songs composed by Joni Mitchell, © 1973 Crazy Crow Music/BMI. All rights reserved. Used by permission. Except 'Twisted,' written by Ross and Grey, © 1965 Prestige Music/BMI. All rights reserved. Used by permission Art Direction / Design - Anthony Hudson Photography - Norman Seeff Cover Painting - Joni Mitchell © 1974 Asylum Records. Mfg. by Elektra / Asylum / Nonesuch Records, a division of Warner Communications Inc., 15 Columbus Circle, New York, N.Y. 10023. Printed USA

Where was the world's largest telescope until 1948?

Largest optical telescopes of the world Largest optical telescopes of the world By Paul Schlyter, Stockholm, Sweden 2004-01-06 Additional info about Herchel's 1.22 m reflector 2005-07-14 Info about future large telescopes updated 2005-11-03 LBT is now operational and I've put it as the world's largest scope here, although it becomes somewhat ambiguous with binocular scopes. SALT is delayed by about half a year. 2006-04-20 TMT added, details added in historical list, Rascine's reference added. Thanks Alan Tokunaga for this info! 2006-07-11 Great Melbourne Telescope added, replacing some other "largest scopes" from that time. Thanks Barry Clark for pointing this out. 2006-10-10 Added Hans Lippershey at the beginning of the list. Thanks Peter Kremer for pointing this out 2008-09-05 Added some more interesting telescopes, and also a short overview of non-optical telescopes. 2009-10-18 Added a pre-Lippershey "telescopic device" with a mirror eyepiece! 2009-10-31 Added some additional info about Herschel's telescopes. 2009-11-02 Added Berlin's big refractor - thanks astronomiguiden.se 2011-12-09 Added info about E-ELT, updated info about telescopes not yet operational. 2011-12-10 Added links to telescope lists at Wikipedia. Below is a list of the largest optical astronomical telescopes of the world at various times, from the invention of the telescope in 1609 up to the present day. The list is believed to be fairly complete, but for earlier years there may still be some errors. If anyone has any additions or corrections to this list, please email me! World's largest Aperture Scope scope in meters 1580 ? William Bourne's telescopic device with a lens as objective and a concave mirror as eyepiece! Didn't understand how it worked, believed magnification depends on the diameter of the lens. 1608 ? Hans Lippershey, inventor of the telescope. 1609 0.016 Galileo - first person to properly observe the skies with a telescope. 1612 0.026 Galileo. 1620 0.038 Galileo. 1638 0.06 Hevelius - Scheiner's helioscope - the first equatorially mounted scope. 1645 0.12 Hevelius, Danzig. 1655 0.057 Christian Huygens 12 foot f.l. refractor; discovered Titan. 1656 0.07 Christian Huygens 23 foot f.l. refractor, x100. 1672 0.10 Newton (reflector). 1675 0.13 Hooke (reflector). 1680? 0.18 Robert Hooke's Gregorian reflector. 1686 0.19 Constantin Huygens 7.5" 123 foot f.l. air telescope. 1686 0.20 Constantin Huygens 8" 170 foot f.l. air telescope. 1686 0.22 Constantin Huygens 8.5" 210 foot f.l. air telescope. 1690 0.20 Cassini. 1721 0.15 Halley (reflector). 1734 0.38 Gregorian reflector by James Short. 1750 0.50 Gregorian reflector by James Short. 1752 0.46 Gregorian reflector by James Short, made for the king of Spain. 1761 0.60 Father Noel (reflector). 1780-1789 0.75 Rev J. Mitchell's Gregorian reflector, bought, although broken, by Willian Herschel after Mitchell's death. 1789-1815 1.22 William Herschel's 40 foot f.l. reflector, Bath, England. Last used in 1815, destroyed in a gale 1839. Frame dismantled by John Herschel 1840 due to rot, then the tube lay in the garden and was crushed by a falling tree in 1870. Today the original mirror and a quarter of the tube remains. 1815-1826 0.47 William Herschel's 20 foot f.l. reflector, Bath, England, built in 1783. Restored by William and John Herschel in 1820, then used by John Herschel in South Africa 1834-1838. 1826-1845 0.91 Lord Rosse's first reflector with 3 foot aperture. 1845-1878 1

How many Madison Square Gardens have there been before the existing one?

Here’s What the Renovated Madison Square Garden Looks Like October 24, 2013 10/24/2013 4:33 p.m. Here’s What the Renovated Madison Square Garden Looks Like Print One of the two bridges spanning the length of Madison Square Garden. Madison Square Garden has undergone major renovations — or a “transformation,” to use their preferred word — over each of the past three summers. The finished product will be unveiled to the public tomorrow night, when the Knicks take on the Bobcats in a preseason game, but officials showed off the building’s new look earlier today. The Seventh Avenue entrance was totally redone this summer. The arena doors are now located at the top of these steps, in front of the entrance to the theater. (Previously, the doors were located closer to the box office.) Beyond those doors is an area called Chase Square, which is more open than this space was pre-renovation. On the right of this photo — taken from the south side of the lobby area — is a Madison Square Garden store. To orient yourself: In the back of this photo is the box office, and the ramp that leads to the turnstiles is to the left of the ticket windows. On both the north and south sides of Chase Square, just beyond the arena doors, there’s a video board built into the ceiling. This photo was taken during a video presentation shown during today’s press conference. It’s just like looking up at the real skyline, in a horrifying version of the city where all the buildings are covered with ads for Eagles concerts! The new, larger center-hung scoreboard. During the press tour, that Knicks logo was the only image shown, but at first glance it appears to be a big improvement over the old scoreboard. Photo: Joe DeLessio Smaller screens are built into the bottom of the scoreboard for fans with seats near the ice or court — and for the players themselves to look at, if necessary. All the Rangers banners are grouped together on the Seventh Avenue side of the arena. (At least some of these banners appear to be updated versions of the ones that had been hanging in the Garden. Curiously, there’s no banner for the Rangers’$2 1994 Eastern Conference title.) There’s also a second LED ribbon board on both the Seventh Avenue and Eighth Avenue ends of the arena. (Update: We reached out to the Garden and learned that they decided not to include conference title banners for either the Knicks or Rangers if the team also won the championship that year.) There are new versions of the Knicks’ banners, as well. Note the era-specific logos. (The use of the old Father Knickerbocker logo is particularly awesome.) Photo: Joe DeLessio The Garden added ten more “Defining Moments” displays in the concourses this year. This one commemorates the Rangers’$2 1994 Stanley Cup title. (That’s the jersey Craig MacTavish was wearing when he took the final face-off in game seven of the finals.) Other new displays include Larry Johnson’s four-point play in 1999, and Syracuse’s six-overtime win over UConn in the 2009 Big East Tournament. This is a photo of Rangers goalie Henrik Lundqvist and Justin Bieber. (It’s part of a series of photos, on the eighth floor concourse, of players away from the ice or court.) The good news is the Garden has added a bunch of cool displays, like this one with Wayne Gretzky’s locker. The bad news is you need to have a ticket on the Signature Suite Level to see them. Photo: Joe DeLessio The walkway on one of the two Chase Bridges that span the length of the arena. The bridges actually blend in better than we expected them to. (You can get a sense of this from the photo at the top of this post.) Photo: Joe DeLessio The first row of seats on the northern Chase Bridge. Photo: Joe DeLessio The view from the northern Chase Bridge. We only spent a few seconds in these seats during the tour, but when facing the court, it didn’t feel drastically different than sitting in the front row of the upper level in any other arena. (The major difference is that, instead of looking over a railing, you’re looking through a pane of glass, similar to the design of the West Balcony

Which road bisects the Balboa Park in San Diego?

San Diego Balboa Park Hotels (San Diego Inland - North) Visiting Balboa Park San Diego Sumptuous Balboa Park contains one of the largest groups of museums in the US, scattered either side and to the south of El Prado, the road that bisects the park. Yet its greatest charms are its trees, gardens, statues, traffic-free promenades and Spanish Colonial-style buildings. Within easy reach of downtown by buses #7, #16 or #25, the park is large but fairly easy to get around on foot - if you tire, there's a free tram. The $30 Balboa Park Passport , which allows one-time admission to all twelve of the park's museums and its Japanese garden (though not the zoo), is available from the visitors information center (daily 9am-4pm; tel 619/239-0512), inside the beautifully reconstructed House of Hospitality. Most of the museums are closed on Mondays, and most are free on varying Tuesdays. Minor works by Rembrandt and El Greco and a stirring collection of Russian icons make the stifling formality of the Timkin Museum of Art (Tues-Sat 10am-4.30pm, Sun 1.30-4.30pm; closed Sept; free; gort.ucsd.edu /sj/timken) worth enduring. The San Diego Museum of Art (Tues-Sun 10am-4.30pm; $8; ) has few individually striking items in its permanent collection, save for a small selection of 17th-century Dutch works by Hals and Rembrandt, but it's the main venue for touring shows and offers some exquisitely crafted pieces from China and Japan. Outside, don't miss the free Sculpture Court and Garden , with formidable works by Henry Moore and Alexander Calder. The Museum of Man (daily 10am-4.30pm; $6; ), which straddles El Prado, veers from banal crafts demonstrations to excellent Native American displays, artifacts, folklore and physical remains. The child-oriented Reuben H. Fleet Science Center (Mon & Tues 9.30am-6.30pm, Wed-Sun 9.30am-9pm; science center $6.50, with theater or simulator $9, all three $11; ), close to the Park Boulevard end of El Prado, is notable mainly for its Space Theater's huge IMAX screen and virtual reality simulator, which take you on stomach-churning trips into outer and inner space. Across the plaza, the Natural History Museum (daily 9.30am-4.30pm; $6; ) has a great collection of fossils and pulls no punches in its coverage of threatened species. Just behind, in the Spanish Village Art Center (daily 11am-4pm; free), craftspeople in 37 studios and galleries practice skills such as painting, sculpture, pottery and glassworking. The enormous San Diego Zoo (daily: mid June-early Sept 7am-10pm; early Sept-mid June 9am-dusk; last entry an hour before closing; ), immediately north of the main museums, is one of the world's best. Its wide selec

In which city was the pinball machine invented?

The History Of Pinball Machines | Worldwide Pinball Machine Delivery From BMI Gaming                       "Virtual Pinball", TAB Austria, 2002                                  "UltraPin" Digital Pinball, Global VR, 2006                                       Pinball has now become a "in" item with high-profile celebrities, baby boomers, business exec's & families, and has become a fixture on many TV shows and commercials, movie sets and many magazine shoots, perhaps due to the "nostalgia factor" and the advent of personal home game rooms, or realization that a individual can now easily purchase a pinball machine, or the fact that playing a few good games of pinball after a hard day's work can be a tremendous stress-reliever!                                                                                                                     Coke commercial with David Arquette shown                                                                    playing one of three classic pinballs in his                                                                    actual home collection in the foreground. Iy 2002, the industry was left with just one major designer and manufacturer, Stern Pinball, based in the Chicagoland area and run by Gary Stern, the son of Stern Electronics' founder Sam Stern. Stern has released quite a few interesting and collectable titles over the past few years, and hopefully will continue on in the tradition of great firms like Williams and Bally on future releases.                                                                                                                 "Iron Man", Stern Pinball, 2010                                     Stern Pinball's ratio of "home sales" to commercial sales has risen from practically zero to an estimated 35% - 60% of their total sales in just the last 3 years, which is an encouraging new market for them to sell into in the coming years as operator and commercial account orders continue to dwindle. There have been some rumblings of other firms within the coin-op industry having aspirations of jumping into the pinball machine game, but nothing seriously has been reported or announced to date. It will be very interesting to see what the future holds for pinball over the course of the next century... However, in late 2008, Stern announced, for the first time in its history, a major layoff of many in-house pinball designers, engineers and technical staff, due to declining sales because of the current economic climate, which questions the future of Stern Pinball, and new pinball machines in doubt - So it you want to purchase a new pinball machine, buy one as soon as possible, because we predict that if Stern actually goes out of business, the price of all remaining pinball machines will skyrocket after the economy improves. As for the state of used or "pre-owned" machines, supplies are very tight and getting tighter, with ASP (average selling price) of good quality of pre-owned pinball machine of popular titles from the late 80's to 90's now appreciating at a rate of 10% - 25 % or more per year, even in this economic climate, as more and more individuals discover (or re-discover) the pleasures of pinball ownership and supplies dry up. Just a few years ago, America had all the machines it ever needed to meet domestic supply; but now it is estimated that over 70% of all preowned pinball machines now sold in the US come from overseas sources in countries such as Western Europe and Latin America, due to the increasingly high demand from Americans, even now in this depression-like economic climate. But in 2013-2015, new pinball developers are now starting to enter into the pinball machine "arena" and challenge the "old guard" maker Stern Pinball. with new and very exciting innovations, from embedded LCD Monitors and Backboards to multi-colored LED playfield lighting, and one of the most promising new players to hit the scene this year (with products) is Jersey Jack Pinball, with the introduction of their radically designed "new-age" pinball machine called "Wizard Of OZ"

What was the name of the first Hollywood movie released by D W Griffith in 1910?

Film History Milestones - 1910 Event and Significance 1910 Carl Laemmle set up his own Independent Motion Picture Company (IMP) to counteract the Edison Trust (the MPPC). 1910 Laemmle introduced the star system, causing the rise of the American movie star phenomenon, by hiring now-forgotten Florence Lawrence ("The Biograph Girl"), one of Biograph's anonymous stars, and beginning a massive publicity campaign. By most accounts, Lawrence was the first US motion picture "movie star." Carl Laemmle orchestrated a shameless but spectacular, high-profile 'publicity stunt' in March of 1910, with rumors of her death in a street-car accident in St. Louis, and her subsequent resurrection at the IMP Company's St. Louis premiere of her first IMP film (The Broken Oath, aka The Broken Bath), in April of 1910. She was the first film star to make a 'personal appearance' (as a publicity stunt). 1910 The first screen credit was given to Florence Lawrence, in IMP's short crime romance The Broken Oath (aka The Broken Bath), directed by her husband Harry Solter. 1910 Dialogue titles began to appear with regularity. Studios began distributing publicity stills of actors and actresses. 1910 The first US multi-reel "feature" film was Vitagraph's five-reel Life of Moses (1910). It was shown at a single sitting in New Orleans. Such multi-reel films weakened exhibitors' control of their programs (i.e., prior to this development, exhibitors effectively "edited" the program by arranging their selections of short films without directorial intervention.) 1910 Film companies began to move to the area later known as Hollywood. Los Angeles annexed Hollywood. 1910 The first film made in the new municipality of Hollywood, by Biograph and director D.W. Griffith, In Old California (1910), was released. It launched the film industry in the city. Griffith was the first to negotiate and start film producing in Hollywood, where the weather was considered more favorable for film-making. 1910 For the first time, Hollywood purchased the rights to adapt a novel from a publisher (Little, Brown & Company who published Helen Hunt Jackson's novel Ramona), for a D.W. Griffith film to be made in 1910. 1910 The first western silent film super-star Tom Mix made his first major screen appearance as Bronco Buster in Selig Polyscope's Ranch Life in the Great Southwest (1910), filmed at their studio in the Los Angeles area. The one time bartender, cow hand and Texas Ranger would go on to make hundreds of silent westerns for both Selig and Fox Studios, some of which he also produced, wrote or directed. 1910 Brooklyn Eagle newspaper cartoonist John Randolph Bray patented the 'cel' process ultimately used by animators. He pioneered true animated (motion-picture) cartoons with structured story lines. 1910 The first movie stunt -- a man jumped into the Hudson River from a burning balloon. 1910 Filmdom's first major comedy star of the early silent film era, the happy and rotund John Bunny (almost 300 pounds), originally a successful stage comic, made his film debut in Brooklyn-based Vitagraph's Jack Fat and Jim Slim at Coney Island (1910), and was paid $40/week. By 1911 he was Vitagraph's biggest moneymaker. He died in 1915 at the height of his fame. 1910 The first Frankenstein monster film in the US was Edison's Frankenstein, a 16-minute (one-reel) version made by the Edison Motion Picture Studios and starring stage veteran Charles Ogle (uncredited) as the monster, and Mary Fuller as Frankenstein's fiancée Elizabeth. The film was directed and written by J. Searle Dawley and filmed in the Bronx. The monster appeared misshapen and pathetic rather than horrifying in this first film adaptation of Mary Shelley's novel. In this early version, the Monster was created in a cauldron of chemicals. 1910 Vaudeville press agent William Foster launched his Foster Photoplay Company, the first A

In Chaplin's The Great Dictator, what was the dictator's name?

Charlie Chaplin : The Final Speech from The Great Dictator The Final Speech from The Great Dictator Transcript of Charlie Chaplin’s Final Speech in The Great Dictator I’m sorry, but I don’t want to be an emperor. That’s not my business. I don’t want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone - if possible - Jew, Gentile - black man - white. We all want to help one another. Human beings are like that. We want to live by each other’s happiness - not by each other’s misery. We don’t want to hate and despise one another. In this world there is room for everyone. And the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. The way of life can be free and beautiful, but we have lost the way. Greed has poisoned men’s souls, has barricaded the world with hate, has goose-stepped us into misery and bloodshed. We have developed speed, but we have shut ourselves in. Machinery that gives abundance has left us in want. Our knowledge has made us cynical. Our cleverness, hard and unkind. We think too much and feel too little. More than machinery we need humanity. More than cleverness we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost…. The aeroplane and the radio have brought us closer together. The very nature of these inventions cries out for the goodness in men - cries out for universal brotherhood - for the unity of us all. Even now my voice is reaching millions throughout the world - millions of despairing men, women, and little children - victims of a system that makes men torture and imprison innocent people. To those who can hear me, I say - do not despair. The misery that is now upon us is but the passing of greed - the bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress. The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish. ….. Soldiers! don’t give yourselves to brutes - men who despise you - enslave you - who regiment your lives - tell you what to do - what to think and what to feel! Who drill you - diet you - treat you like cattle, use you as cannon fodder. Don’t give yourselves to these unnatural men - machine men with machine minds and machine hearts! You are not machines! You are not cattle! You are men! You have the love of humanity in your hearts! You don’t hate! Only the unloved hate - the unloved and the unnatural! Soldiers! Don’t fight for slavery! Fight for liberty! In the 17th Chapter of St Luke it is written: “the Kingdom of God is within man” - not one man nor a group of men, but in all men! In you! You, the people have the power - the power to create machines. The power to create happiness! You, the people, have the power to make this life free and beautiful, to make this life a wonderful adventure. Then - in the name of democracy - let us use that power - let us all unite. Let us fight for a new world - a decent world that will give men a chance to work - that will give youth a future and old age a security. By the promise of these things, brutes have risen to power. But they lie! They do not fulfil that promise. They never will! Dictators free themselves but they enslave the people! Now let us fight to fulfil that promise! Let us fight to free the world - to do away with national barriers - to do away with greed, with hate and intolerance. Let us fight for a world of reason, a world where science and progress will lead to all men’s happiness. Soldiers! in the name of democracy, let us all unite! Final speech from The Great Dictator Copyright © Roy Export S.A.S. All rights reserved You might also want to read...

To which conductor did Vaughan Williams dedicate his 8th Symphony?

Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD, DVD & download (MP3 & FLAC) - Buy online from Presto Classical London Philharmonic Orchestra Recorded live at Southbank Centre’s Royal Festival Hall, London, on 24 September 2008 (Symphony No. 8) and 1 May 2013 (Symphony No. 4). Vaughan Williams was one of the 20th century’s most important symphonic voices. He composed in almost every genre, and even within his nine symphonies he encompassed a wide range of styles, sound-worlds and formal approaches. At its 1935 premiere the Fourth Symphony surprised many who were more used to the ‘pastoral’ sound of his earlier symphonies. Yet fellow British composer William Walton admired the work greatly, speaking of it as ‘the greatest symphony since Beethoven’. The Eighth is the shortest of the composer’s symphonies, and much more light-hearted and joyous in mood. At the same time, it too is full of remarkable invention, especially the composer’s experiments in orchestral colour. Vladimir Jurowski has a strong affinity with British music, having embraced (both in concert and on the LPO Label) Britten, Holst and increasingly Vaughan Williams, as well as contemporary British composers such as Mark-Anthony Turnage and Julian Anderson. Ryan Wigglesworth is the leading composer/conductor of his generation. He works with leading orchestras internationally and is currently English National Opera’s Composer in Residence. He has a formidable pedigree with British repertoire including Birtwistle’s The Minotaur at Covent Garden and Knussen’s Higglety Pigglety Pop! at Aldeburgh, and has already introduced a host of British music, including the Sky Arts Award-winning world premiere of Julian Anderson’s The Discovery of Heaven with the LPO. This performance was released on the LPO label in 2013 with The Crazed Moon and the world premiere recording of Fantasias, conducted by Vladimir Jurowski. The disc was a Gramophone Editor’s Choice and a finalist in their 2014 Awards. Both these Vaughan Williams symphonies were recorded live in concert at Royal Festival Hall. The Symphony No. 4 concert in May 2013 was part of Southbank Centre’s The Rest Is Noise year-long festival of 20th-century music, inspired by Alex Ross’s bestselling book of the same name. “both symphonies are well played and recorded.” Financial Times, 7th February 2015 “Jurowski’s account of the Eighth is well judged and paced, without ever really revealing why he should have chosen to conduct that particular symphony, but it’s Ryan Wigglesworth’s performance of the Fourth that really makes the disc worthwhile. The precision of the London Philharmonic’s playing is the starting point for a reading of tremendous power and authority.” The Guardian, 20th March 2015 *** “[Jurowski] keeps sonority and expression taut, yet in a way that gives the orchestra time to play. They respond superbly, alighting on the music's idiom - the 80-year-old Vaughan Williams's wryly imaginative take on his own earlier style - with unerring touch and precision.” BBC Music Magazine, Awards Issue 2015 ***/***** “Both conductors…make a strong case for these symphonies…Wigglesworth's Fourth arrives with a roar but the outrage is in the remorseless drive; Jurowski suggests parallels with Rachmaninov's The Bells in the tintinnabulations of the Eighth.” Gramophone Magazine, May 2015 Hallé Orchestra , Sir John Barbirolli Sir John Barbirolli’s affinity with the music of Ralph Vaughan Williams was formed in his teens when he heard Gervase Elwes sing On Wenlock Edge. But it was from 1943, when he became conductor of the Hallé Orchestra in Manchester, that he developed into one of the composer’s favourite interpreters of the symphonies. Vaughan Williams described him as ‘one of those wizards who can take the dry bones of crotchets and quavers and breathe into them the breath of life’. But closest to his heart, perhaps, was A London Symphony, partly because it is the most warmly and colourfully scored of the nine and also because it enshrines the Edwardian London in which Barbirolli spent his boyhood. No one who was for

"What did critic John Mason Brown describe as ""chewing gum for the eyes?"""

Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes Frank Lloyd Wright? John Mason Brown? Henri Peyre? Fred Allen? Dick Cavett? Anonymous? Dear Quote Investigator: The most acerbic criticism I have heard directed at TV was attributed to the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright: Television is just chewing gum for the eyes. However, I recently saw the remark credited to a drama critic named John Mason Brown. Could you explore this saying? Quote Investigator: The earliest evidence of this vivid metaphor located by QI appeared in a 1944 book by Henri Peyre who was a Professor of French at Yale University. In 1944 television sets were still very expensive, and the industry was immature in the U.S. The metaphor was applied to movies and radio broadcasts instead. Boldface has been added to excerpts: 1 Yet there is no sorrier sight to watch then the vacant faces of those former high school and college students when, at thirty-five or fifty, all their mental alertness having vanished, the spark gone from their eyes, they dutifully chew their gum to keep from yawning, while absorbing the chewing gum for the eyes of the movies or the chewing gum for the ears of the radio. The same men who once read Shakespeare, Molière, Byron glance at the headlines of their tabloid papers, turn straight to the page of the funnies, to devour them with the same dutiful sense of boredom as they swallow their hamburger at lunchtime and their highball after dinner. More than a decade later this figurative language was applied to another communication medium. In January 1955 Steven H. Scheur who was a well-known film critic visited the “book-lined New York apartment” of John Mason Brown who was a prominent theater critic. They discussed the quality of the programs broadcast on television. Brown applied the chewing-gum metaphor to TV: 2 Although Brown is generally recognized as our most eminent theater essayist—Saturday Review of Literature—he confesses to a special partiality for TV news shows. “So much of TV seems to be chewing gum for the eyes. … TV desperately needs more self-reliance and pride in the medium.” By 1958 the remark was being credited to the architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Details are given further below. Here are additional selected citations in chronological order. In June 1955 “Time” magazine wrote about a radio program called “Invitation to Learning” featuring three participants: critic John Mason Brown, essayist Clifton Fadiman and moderator Lyman Bryson. During the show Brown repeated his harsh characterization of TV: 3 Talk is cheap, the three decided, but conversation has a different price tag on it. “There must be mind in talk to make it conversation,” said Moderator Bryson. “Television programs are so much chewing gum for the eyes,” said Critic Brown. “A conversation has to be more than just chewing gum or wastage.” Essayist Fadiman urged intellectual exercise. Brown’s remark was memorable, and it was included in a collection titled “Best Quotes of ’54 ’55 ’56” compiled by James Beasley Simpson. Brown used the saying when he was interviewed by the compiler in July 1955, but this time he credited another unnamed person: 4 “Some television programs are so much chewing gum for the eyes.” John Mason Brown, quoting a friend of his small son, interview with James Simpson, July 28, 1955. In October 1955 the popular columnist Walter Winchell printed a version of the saying with a similar indirect attribution: 5 John Mason Brown’s quipper-snapper: “I heard someone (a young man of 17 but of great wisdom) define many television programs as being just so much chewing gum for the eyes.” In January 1958 the saying was attributed to Frank Lloyd Wright by the columnist Ed Sullivan who stated that Wright employed the expression during a dinner. This is the earliest evidence of this common ascription located by QI: 6 Frank Lloyd Wright’s definition, at a Chicago dinner: “TV is chewing gum for the eyes,” would be applauded by Clement Attlee, who explains his refusal to buy a TV set: “I don’t want it. I

Who wrote the book on which the musical Whistle Down the Wind was based?

Whistle Down the Wind | Tickets | Broadway | Broadway.com Whistle Down the Wind Browse more shows you may also be interested in. Duration A musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on the novel by Mary Hayley Bell (mother of Hayley Mills, who starred in the movie). The setting has been moved from England ... Story Read More A musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on the novel by Mary Hayley Bell (mother of Hayley Mills, who starred in the movie). The setting has been moved from England to rural Louisiana in 1959. Kids discover a man in their barn. He's ill and before he passes out, they ask his name: Jesus Christ, he says, and they believe him and so determine to hide him. In fact, he is a murderer. A mob gathers to find the man. Swallow wants him to be the Christ in the hope he can bring her dead mother back to life.

In what country was British choreographer Sir Frederick Ashton born?

Sir Frederick Ashton | British choreographer | Britannica.com British choreographer Alternative Title: Sir Frederick William Mallandaine Ashton Sir Frederick Ashton Sir Frederick William Mallandaine Ashton born Christopher Wheeldon Sir Frederick Ashton, in full Sir Frederick William Mallandaine Ashton (born September 17, 1904, Guayaquil , Ecuador —died August 18, 1988, Sussex , England ), principal choreographer and director of England’s Royal Ballet , the repertoire of which includes about 30 of his ballets. Frederick Ashton (left) and Robert Helpmann rehearsing their roles as the Ugly Sisters in … Central Press/Pictorial Parade Ashton studied dancing in London under Léonide Massine , Nicholas Legat, and Marie Rambert, who encouraged his first choreographic efforts, The Tragedy of Fashion (1926) and Capriol Suite (1930). Ashton joined the Vic-Wells (later the Sadler’s Wells and then the Royal) Ballet in 1933 and distinguished himself as a mime and character dancer in such roles as Carabosse in The Sleeping Beauty and the gigolo in Façade and as the versatile choreographer of ballets that include Cinderella, Sylvia, and Daphnis and Chloë and the film Tales of Hoffmann (1951). He was the Royal Ballet’s principal choreographer from 1933 to 1970, during which time he also served as its associate director (1952 to 1963) and its director (1963 to 1970). In 1970 he retired from his administrative position in order to devote his time exclusively to choreography . In 1963 Ashton created Marguerite and Armand especially for the new partnership of Margot Fonteyn and Rudolf Nureyev . Others included The Dream (1964), a one-act ballet based on Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream; Monotones (Part I, 1965; Part II, 1966), to music of Erik Satie; Jazz Calendar (1968); Enigma Variations (1968); A Month in the Country (1976); and Rhapsody (1981), based on music by Sergey Rachmaninoff . In 1970 Ashton choreographed and danced in the motion picture Tales of Beatrix Potter. His major works include such enduring favourites as Façade (1931), Les Rendezvous (1933), Les Patineurs (1937), Symphonic Variations (1946), Illuminations (for the New York City Ballet , 1950), Homage to the Queen (1953), Romeo and Juliet (for the Royal Danish Ballet , 1955), Birthday Offering (1956), Ondine (1958), and La Fille mal gardée (1960). Ashton was knighted in 1962. Learn More in these related articles:

Which director's autobiography was called The Name Above the Title?

The Name Above The Title: An Autobiography: Amazon.co.uk: Frank Capra: 9780306807718: Books Product Description From the Back Cover Although Frank Capra (1897-1991) is best known as the director of It Happened One Night, Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, You Can't Take It with You, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Arsenic and Old Lace, and It's a Wonderful Life, he was also an award-winning documentary filmmaker as well as a behind-the-scenes force in the Director's Guild, the Motion Picture Academy, and the Producer's Guild. He worked with or knew socially everyone in the movie business from Mack Sennett, Chaplin, and Keaton in the silent era, through the illustrious names of the golden age. He directed Clark Gable, Jimmy Stewart, Cary Grant, Gary Cooper, Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Jean Harlow, Claudette Colbert, Bette Davis, and others. Reading his autobiography is like having Capra sitting in your living room, regaling you with his anecdotes. In The Name Above the Title he reveals the deeply personal story of how, despite winning six Academy Awards, he struggled throughout his life against the glamors, vagaries, and frustrations of Hollywood for the creative freedom to make some of the most memorable films of all time. About the Author Frank Capra (1897--1991) directed many films in Hollywood, including It Happened One Night, Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, You Can't Take It with You, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Arsenic and Old Lace, and It's a Wonderful Life. What Other Items Do Customers Buy After Viewing This Item?

Where was blues singer Leadbelly when he was 'discovered' musically?

Roots of Blues -- Lead Belly „ Goodnight Irene" - YouTube Roots of Blues -- Lead Belly „ Goodnight Irene" Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jul 18, 2008 „Goodnight Irene" Austin -- University of Texas, June 15, 1949 Lead Belly (vcl) (g) Huddie William Ledbetter, (January, 1888 -- December 6, 1949) was an American folk and blues musician, notable for his clear and forceful singing, his virtuosity on the twelve string guitar, and the rich songbook of folk standards he introduced. He is best known as Leadbelly or Lead Belly. Though many releases list him as "Leadbelly," he himself spelled it "Lead Belly." This is also the usage on his tombstone, as well as the Lead Belly Foundation. Although he most commonly played the twelve string, he could also play the piano, mandolin, harmonica, violin, concertina, and accordion. In some of his recordings, such as in one of his versions of the folk ballad "John Hardy", he performs on the accordion instead of the guitar. In other recordings he just sings while clapping his hands or stomping his foot. The topics of Lead Belly's music covered a wide range of subjects, including gospel songs; blues songs about women, liquor and racism; and folk songs about cowboys, prison, work, sailors, cattle herding and dancing. He also wrote songs concerning the newsmakers of the day, such as President Franklin Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, Jean Harlow, the Scottsboro Boys and multi-millionaire Howard Hughes. Fame in 1986. The day of his birth has also been debated. The most common date given is January 20, but other sources suggest he was born on January 21 or 29. The only document we have that Ledbetter, himself, helped fill out is his World War II draft registration from 1942 where he gives his birth date as January 23, 1889 Lead Belly's boastful spirit and penchant for the occasional skirmish sometimes led him into trouble with the law, and in January 1918 he was thrown into prison for the second time, this time after killing one of his relatives, Will Stafford, in a fight. He was incarcerated in Sugar Land, Texas and it is there that he got the inspiration for the song Midnight Special. It is said that he was released two years into his 35-year sentence after writing a song appealing to Governor Pat Morris Neff for his freedom. Lead Belly had swayed Governor Neff by appealing to his strong religious values. That, in combination with good behavior (including entertaining by playing for the guards and fellow prisoners), was Lead Belly's ticket out of jail. In 1930, Lead Belly was back in prison, this time in Louisiana for attempted homicide. It was there, three years later, that he was "discovered" by musicologists John and Alan Lomax, who were enchanted by his talent, passion and singularity as a performer, and recorded hundreds of his songs on portable recording equipment for the Library of Congress. The following year Lead Belly was once again pardoned, this time after a petition for his early release was taken to Louisiana Governor O.K. Allen by the Lomaxes. The petition was on the other side of a recording of one of his most popular songs, "Goodnight Irene". The state's prison records, however, show he was released due to for more Information see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_Belly Category

Most of the Three Tenors come from which country?

The Three Tenors - Pavarotti, Domingo, and Carreras The Three Tenors The Three Tenors Jose Carreras, Placido Domingo, and Luciano Pavarotti The Three Tenors - Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo, and Jose Carreras.  Photo By: Yoshikatsu Tsuno / Getty Images By Aaron Green Who Are the Three Tenors? The Three Tenors are made up of three of the world's most famous and beloved operatic tenors which include Jose Carreras, Placido Domingo, and Luciano Pavarotti. Jose Carreras (1946-) Born in Barcelona, Spain, Jose Carreras has been performing since he was 11 years old.  Professionally, Carreras began his operatic career on December 19, 1970, when he sang the principal role of Gennaro alongside Montserrat Caballe in Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia .  Aside from performing, Carreras serves as president for the José Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation, which he founded after successfully overcoming his own battle with cancer. Placido Domingo (1941-) With over 100 operas and 147 roles under his belt, Placido Domingo is a seasoned operatic star.  Born in Madrid, Spain, the celebrated tenor made his operatic debut as “Alfredo” in La Triviata at Monterrey, Mexico in 1961.  Just as Carreras and Pavarotti, Domingo has performed in opera houses around the world.  Now in his mid-70s and understanding the changes in his voice, Domingo sings baritone roles instead.  In 1993, Domingo founded a young singer competition called Operalia.  The competition is open to 18-32 year olds, and is hosted in a different city every year.  Out of nearly 1,000 entrants, only the top 40 are selected for the competition. continue reading below our video Great Singers Gone too Soon Luciano Pavarotti (1935-2007) Born in Modena, Italy, Pavarotti had dreams of becoming a soccer goalkeeper, and it turned out he was quite good.  However, his interest in music edged its way ahead after he won first place in the Llangollen International Singing Competition in Wales.  Pavarotti went on to become one of the first opera stars to have nearly his entire performing career recorded musically and visually.  He easily sold out shows and performed for millions of people in single performances. The Origin of the Three Tenors The idea for the Three Tenors came from Mario Dradi, an Italian manager and producer.  Dradi's idea was to create a group of tenors for a concert and donate a portion of the proceeds to Jose Carreras's foundation after his successful treatment of leukemia.  Jose Carreras, along with his two friends,  Placido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti , agreed to perform as the Three Tenors .  Dradi's idea came to fruition on July 7, 1990, the day before the FIFA World Cup in Rome.  The concert was watched by over 800 million viewers, and was so well received that when a recording of the concert was released, it became the biggest selling classical album in history.  The album, Carreras - Domingo - Pavarotti: the Three Tenors in Concert , set a Guinness World Record.  Because of the trio's instant success, they performed at the following three FIFA World Cups: Los Angeles in 1994, Paris in 1998, and Yokohama in 2002.  The tremendous reception of the Three Tenors was due largely in part to their incredible voices, down-to-earth, likable personalities, and song selections. The trio would regularly perform classic and well-known operatic arias, as well as popular Broadway show tunes that even the most novice classical music listener could love and appreciate.  Given the trio's enormous popularity, imitations of the Three Tenors quickly arose all over the world, including the Three Canadian Tenors, the Chinese Tenors, as well as the Three Mo' Tenors. The Three Tenors: Recommended YouTube Videos The Three Tenors sing "O Sole Mio" (1994) ( Watch on YouTube ) The Three Tenors sing "La donna e mobile" (1994) ( Watch on YouTube ) The Three Tenors sing "Singin' in the Rain" (1994) ( Watch on YouTube ) The Three Tenors sing "New York, New York" (1996) ( Watch on YouTube ) The Three Tenors sing "Ti Voglio Tanto Bene" (1998) ( Watch on YouTube ) The Three Tenors sing "Nessun Dorm

Who is taller, Holly Hunter or Madonna?

Celebrity Speech Impediments, Accents, Dialects, etc. Follow DL on Celebrity Speech Impediments, Accents, Dialects, etc. Liza's "sh" - when did it start? Why has it worsened? Carol's "sh" sibilant lateral lisp - is it just exaggerated, or does she do it in private too? Holly Hunter - uses the same regionalism for every role, regardless of where the play/tv show/movie is set. Hepburn uses her New England dialect in DRAGON SEED when she's supposed to be a Chinese! Discuss the celebrity speech impediments that you find endearing or irritating in the extreme by Anonymous reply 174 07/27/2016 Holly Hunter owns this thread. There's a reason her only accolades have come from a movie in which she didn't say a word. It's not the ridiculous accent as much as it sounds like she constantly has marbles and snuff in her mouth. by Anonymous Drew Barrymore's baby-doll lisp is totally distracting. by Anonymous Oliver Hudson has a lisp he cannot conceal. by Anonymous reply 11 05/30/2010 Adam Scott-- who grew up in Santa Cruz, CA-- has a bit of the universal rich kid stoner's drawl. The soft o's, etc. I love it. by Anonymous reply 13 05/30/2010 Whitney's. Her speech is so slurred. I don't know what it's about. Her tongue is weird, too, when she sings. by Anonymous reply 14 05/30/2010 Peter Sarsgaard has something going on with his speech, but I can't quite put my finger on it. It's a general ooziness. So sleazy, of course I love it. by Anonymous reply 18 05/30/2010 Bernadette Peters's Queens accent -- I can't believe she hasn't been asked to blend when singing. In the cast recording for "Gypsy," the actors playing Louise and Herbie sing "togetherrrrr" and Bernadette sings "togetha." Sticks out in a big way. by Anonymous reply 22 05/30/2010 I thought part of acting school was to take speech and enunciation classes and learn how to hide or fake an accent. by Anonymous most don't go to acting school by Anonymous reply 24 05/30/2010 Annie Lennox rules with her soft Scottish burr. I don't hear it in her songs, though, even live ones. by Anonymous reply 25 05/30/2010 Holly Hunter is hearing impaired and has that southern accent. It is amazing that she can speak as well as she does. Carol Kane is another one who is hearing impaired as well. I cannot snark on either one of those two at all. Drew Barrymore is horrible. I think she was told to keep the lisp as a child (for a cuteness factor) and just could never get rid of it. Some child stars are told such things. Barbara Walters spent part of her girlhood in Boston. I think that made her speech issue worse or something. There is an interview she did somewhere on the net where her Boston accent shone through like the dickens, but she also had that total inability to pronounce her "R's" as well. It is really weird and I wish I could remember where I saw it, but I cannot. Troy Garity has a horrible way of speaking. He is Jane Fonda's son and I have no idea what is wrong with him, but he can barely speak clearly at all and he oftentimes speaks really slowly like a stroke victim or something. I think he owns this thread. The best person who kept their accent is Paula Prentiss. She almost always used her own Texas accent in films and all and just did not let it stop her because she had a masterful command of her voice. by Anonymous Russell Simmons owns this thread. by Anonymous reply 27 05/30/2010 [quoteIt's so funny to hear that bit of Australia come out of his mouth, when he's supposed to be in ancient Troy or outer space. Because we all know that people in ancient Troy spoke with a British accent. by Anonymous 05/30/2010 Keep on rolling them, idiot at R28. The point is that the cast were also supposed to speak with a uniformity of accents - the British accent was the one chosen. by Anonymous reply 29 05/30/2010 I think R8 is right about Australian actors. My friend is an actor from Australia and she says the same thing. Their film industry is tiny and everyone knows they have to master American accent if they want to have a chance at international career. by Anonymous 05/30/2010 ADAM ARK

What is Ryan O'Neal's real first name?

Ryan O'Neal - Biography - IMDb Ryan O'Neal Biography Showing all 68 items Jump to: Overview  (3) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (2) | Trade Mark  (4) | Trivia  (49) | Personal Quotes  (8) | Salary  (1) Overview (3) Charles Samuel Eldridge Patrick Ryan O'Neal III Height 6' 1" (1.85 m) Mini Bio (1) Ryan O'Neal was born on April 20, 1941 in Los Angeles, California, USA as Charles Samuel Eldridge Patrick Ryan O'Neal III. He is an actor, known for Peyton Place (1964), Barry Lyndon (1975) and Paper Moon (1973). He was previously married to Leigh Taylor-Young and Joanna Moore . Spouse (2) ( 3 April  1963 - 1967) (divorced) (2 children) Trade Mark (4) Often plays inept characters in comedies Trivia (49) Father of actor Patrick O'Neal from his marriage to Leigh Taylor-Young . He was considered for the role of Michael Corleone in The Godfather (1972) In remission in his battle with leukemia. Was originally considered for the role of Rocky Balboa in Rocky (1976). However, "Rocky" scriptwriter Sylvester Stallone had sold the film rights on the condition that he got to play the title role, so he and not O'Neal wound up starring in the picture. Began his career as a stand-in and stunt man. Former brother-in-law of Dey Young and Lance Young . He was a close friend of Lee Majors until a relationship blossomed between him and Majors' wife Farrah Fawcett . He attended and graduated from Munich American High School in Munich, Germany, in 1959. His father was a Hollywood writer who was doing a stint working for the American government radio network "Radio Free Europe", which beamed programing and propaganda into Communist-controlled Eastern Europe. As a teenager, he was a Golden Gloves boxer who compiled an amateur boxing record of 18-4 with 13 knockouts. His manager is Neil Hassman . One of his best friends is Charlie Mattera . 5/07: Prosecutors decided not to file charges against him following a brawl with his son and allegations of assault on 2/3/07. Son of actress Patricia O'Neal and author/screenwriter Charles O'Neal . Was a Golden Gloves boxer in 1956-1957 with an 18-4 record including 13 knockouts. His first acting job was on the German series Tales of the Vikings (1959) in 1959. Ryan's paternal grandfather, Charles Samuel O'Neal, was born in South Carolina, and had Irish and English ancestry. Ryan's paternal grandmother, Elizabeth Maude Duffey, was born in Ireland, as was Ryan's maternal grandfather, Richard Edward O'Callaghan. Ryan's maternal grandmother, Mathilde Pius, was born in New York, to a Jewish family; Mathilde's father, Gustave Pius, was from Germany, and Mathilde's mother, Rebecca/Regina Iglick, was from Schrimm (now Srem, Poland). Was arrested on charges of assault with a deadly weapon and negligent discharge of a firearm after a fight with his son Griffin O'Neal . Griffin apparently tied his intoxicated younger brother Redmond O'Neal to a staircase in order to keep him from leaving the house to use more drugs. When Ryan returned home and saw his son tied to the staircase he became so enraged that he fired a warning shot in order to scare Griffin. [February 2007] He and his son Redmond O'Neal were arrested on suspicion of narcotics possession. [September 2008] Was sentenced to undergo 18 months of rehabilitation treatment after pleading guilty to drug possession in relation to his arrest in September 2008. [January 2009] Although he and Farrah Fawcett split in 1997, they got back together in 2001 after he was diagnosed with leukemia. Though never able to marry Farrah Fawcett , Ryan O'Neal did propose to Farrah with every intention of walking down the aisle with her. Farrah died at 9:28 AM PST on June 25, 2009 before she and O'Neal could marry. In 1960, O'Neal served fifty-one days of a 60-day sentence for assaulting a stranger during a New Year's Eve party in Los Angeles. 1959:Won:Ryan O'Neal knocked out Frankie Lohman in 1-round in an amateur boxing match in Munich, Germany. 1957:Lost:Ryan O'Neal lost a 3-round decision to Tony Foramero in Los Angeles, CA in an amateur boxing match.(Golden Gloves Tournament:Open

Who wrote the song Mad Dogs And Englishmen?

Lyrics for Mad Dogs And Englishmen - Noel Coward. | ESL Lounge Mad Dogs And Englishmen    Noel Coward In tropical climes there are certain times of day When all the citizens retire to tear their clothes off and perspire. It's one of the rules that the greatest fools obey, Because the sun is much too sultry And one must avoid its ultry-violet ray. The natives grieve when the white men leave their huts, Because they're obviously, definitely nuts! Mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun, The Japanese don´t care to, the Chinese wouldn´t dare to, Hindus and Argentines sleep firmly from twelve to one But Englishmen detest-a siesta. In the Philippines they have lovely screens to protect you from the glare. In the Malay States, there are hats like plates which the Britishers won't wear. At twelve noon the natives swoon and no further work is done, But mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun. It's such a surprise for the Eastern eyes to see, that though the English are effete, they're quite impervious to heat, When the white man rides every native hides in glee, Because the simple creatures hope he will impale his solar topee on a tree. It seems such a shame when the English claim the earth, They give rise to such hilarity and mirth. Ha ha ha ha hoo hoo hoo hoo hee hee hee hee ...... Mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun. The toughest Burmese bandit can never understand it. In Rangoon the heat of noon is just what the natives shun, They put their Scotch or Rye down, and lie down. In a jungle town where the sun beats down to the rage of man and beast The English garb of the English sahib merely gets a bit more creased. In Bangkok at twelve o'clock they foam at the mouth and run, But mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun. Mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun. The smallest Malay rabbit deplores this foolish habit. In Hong Kong they strike a gong and fire off a noonday gun, To reprimand each inmate who's in late. In the mangrove swamps where the python romps there is peace from twelve till two. Even caribous lie around and snooze, for there's nothing else to do. In Bengal to move at all is seldom ever done, But mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun.

Who wrote the children's classic The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe?

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe | Books about Town The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe BookBench The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is C.S. Lewis’ most famous and widely read novel. It tells the story of four children who are evacuated from London to a big house in the English countryside during World War II. The youngest of the siblings, Lucy, finds a magical world called Narnia through a wardrobe in a spare room, encountering talking animals and mythical creatures. But Narnia is more dangerous than they imagine, and the children must defeat the cruel White Witch to save Narnia from eternal winter.  C.S. Lewis is one of the UK’s most celebrated authors. He wrote more than 30 books, and the Narnia books have sold over 100 million copies.  This classic favourite is kindly supported by Quad Digital. Mandii Pope's inspiration for the BookBench included original illustrations by Pauline Baynes. You could own this bench This amazing bench could be yours. Bid in advance of our auction on 7 October. Find out more... This BookBench is on the Bloomsbury Trail Sponsor

The first Miss World came from which country?

The First Miss World Contest | History Today The First Miss World Contest Cultural Richard Cavendish provides a brief history of the Miss World contest, first won by Miss Sweden, Kiki Haakinson, on April 19th, 1951. Miss Sweden, Kiki Haakonson, carried off the first Miss World title in the Lyceum Ballroom in London, in what was originally intended to be a one-off event connected with the Festival of Britain. It was the brainchild of Eric Morley, once a London orphan, an Army captain during the war and a self-made entertainment entrepreneur of great shrewdness and drive. He had already started the Come Dancing programme, which would turn into BBC television's longest-running series, and he would set commercial bingo going in Britain, in 1961. He was in his early thirties and working for a dancehall and catering company called Mecca when it was approached by an RAF officer named Phipps, who had been put in charge of Festival of Britain publicity. Phipps was looking for some pizzazz to spice up the more sedate attractions and Morley suggested an international bathing beauty competition. That was supposed to be that, but the following year, when a Miss Universe contest was announced in the United States, Morley was piqued and persuaded his bosses at Mecca to keep Miss World going. It has kept going ever since. By 1970, when Morley's wife Julia, an ex-beauty queen herself, joined him in organising the contest and keeping the contestants' morals and modesty suitably protected (not invariably with success), Miss World was attracting television audiences in almost every country in the world and making huge amounts of money for charity.  To counter accusations that the show was equivalent to a female cattle market, the Morleys introduced questions and answers of a high-souled if stilted nature about each girl's ambitions and intellectual achievements. Morley himself loved appearing every year to announce the results, ‘in reverse order’. Morley was a lively, vigorous character, who became chairman of Mecca. He left in 1978, but he and his wife continued to run Miss World and he was an assiduous raiser of money for charity. British television dropped Miss World in 1988, but by 1997 it was attracting 2.5 billion viewers in 155 countries and Channel Five started covering it again in Britain in 1999. Morley died in 2000, aged eighty-two.

For which movie did Spielberg win his first Oscar?

Oscars Flashback '94: Spielberg Wins His First | ETonline.com Oscars Flashback '94: Spielberg Wins His First By ROBERT PACE December 04, 2012 Hailed filmmaker Steven Spielberg has one of the most beloved bodies of work in film history, but it took him some time to witness his hard work become cast in shiny medal at a major awards ceremony. However, the deep resonation of Schindler's List amongst audiences and critics helped him win his first Oscars in 1994. A professional filmmaker since the late '60s, Spielberg had been in the business for a while and had been putting out hit films from The Blues Brothers to E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to Back to the Future, but he had yet to receive an Oscar for his work despite five nominations and an honorary Oscar as a producer. VIDEO: E.T. Gets the ET Treatment Spielberg not only won his first Oscar in 1994 for the Holocaust-based Schindler's List but won his first two Oscars that night, adding Best Picture to his Best Director Award. Although he was joyful to have won the award, he was reminded in the pressroom of his initial hesitation in making the film after buying the rights to the story. "I was very intimidated by the subject matter when I first read the book... I was just intimidated by the responsibility," he reflects in the flashback. "I just wasn't ready. Sometimes you're just not ready for these things...I woke up one morning and I said to Kate (wife), 'I've got to make 'Schindler's List,' and she said, 'Where did that come from?' and I said, 'I don't know, but I just have to make it.'" VIDEO: Oscars Flashback '90: Day-Lewis's Right Foot While the influence of Spielberg waiting to take on the final product of Schindler's List will never be known, it never seemed a more brilliant decision for him as he stood there with fistfuls of polished trophies. After waiting years for that very moment, Spielberg reflected on the win. "I could have dealt with never winning an Academy Award because I had practiced dealing with it for the last twelve years," he says. "So, this was a wonderful honor tonight. If I hadn't have gotten it, I probably would have been shattered...It's just great to win. It's just wonderful to win. I think all of us feel that way."

Which part did Michael Jackson play in The Wiz?

The Wiz (1978) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error An adaptation of 'The Wizard of Oz' that tries to capture the essence of the African-American experience. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC "No Small Parts" IMDb Exclusive: 'Edge of Seventeen' Star Hailee Steinfeld Hailee Steinfeld has received critical acclaim for her role in the coming-of-age comedy The Edge of Seventeen . What other roles has she played over the years? Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 4 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. a list of 24 titles created 27 May 2012 a list of 30 titles created 14 Jan 2014 a list of 31 titles created 9 months ago a list of 45 titles created 6 months ago a list of 38 titles created 3 months ago Search for " The Wiz " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 4 Oscars. Another 1 win & 7 nominations. See more awards  » Videos Edit Storyline Dorothy, a twenty-four-year-old kindergarten teacher, born; raised; and still working in Harlem, is celebrating Thanksgiving with her extended family, but she doesn't seem to be thankful for much in life. She lives a self-imposed sheltered life; she is shy and unfulfilled. Things change for her when she is caught in a snowstorm while chasing after her dog, Toto. They are transported to the mysterious Land of Oz, where she is informed that the only possible way to find her way back home is through the assistance of the powerful wizard in Emerald City. As she goes searching for him, she befriends some creatures who are facing problems in life just as she is. In their quest to find and get help from the wizard, they also face Evillene, the equally evil sister of Evermean, the wicked witch, whom Dorothy inadvertently killed when she arrived in Oz, and who may be their biggest obstacle in achieving their goals. Written by Huggo The Wiz! The Stars! The Music! Wow! See more  » Genres: 24 October 1978 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Dolby (35 mm prints)| 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints) Color: Did You Know? Trivia Simultaneously with the release of the film, Congoleum, the flooring company that designed the look of the Yellow Brick Road for the film, also marketed the same design (also called Yellow Brick Road) for home use. See more » Goofs The scarecrow is still learning how to walk after he got down from the pole. When Dorothy runs to the taxis, the scarecrow walks perfectly to another place behind Dorothy. When they sing "Ease on down the road," the scarecrow is sill trying to walk to the Yellow Brick Road. See more » Quotes Scarecrow : Now I'll never get my brain! Tinman : Nor my heart. Lion : Or my courage Dorothy : But you don't need them now because you've had them all the time. Scarecrow, you're the one who figured out how to find the yellow brick road and how to destroy Evillene, and every smart move we've made, didn't you? Lion, you wouldn't even give up when Evillene strung you up by your tail. And, Tin Man, you have more heart than anyone I've ever known. Fitzstephens, Jack ... Music Editor & Guru See more » Connections Featured in Tarnation  (2003) See more » Soundtracks Just Like a Broadway Show--from the Cheap Seats 28 August 2004 | by IconsofFright – See all my reviews I just watched this for the first time, I've was expecting a true spectacle of "bad" cinema. I was surprised to find there is a decent movie here. Some people have remarked Diana Ross was too old to play Dorothy, OK, well, so was Judy Garland. True. There's really nothing wrong with this musical--The songs are excellent, performed by some great talents. The production design is spectacular (maybe a little dated, but still something to look at). The sets are a little nightmarish looking, true, but I liked that. I re

Which brothers bought Shepperton movie studios in 1994?

Shepperton Studios [gb] Sign in with Facebook Other Sign in options Shepperton Studios [gb] IMDbPro.com offers expanded company and employee contact details for over 62,600 companies in the entertainment industry as well as representation listings for over 140,000 individuals, including actors, directors, and producers. More information for this company is available on IMDbPro . Contact: The Book Thief (2013) ... Foley Recorded At Belle (2013) ... Foley Recorded At, Sound Re-recorded At The Numbers Station (2013) ... Foley Recording Frankenweenie (2012) ... Foley Recording My Week with Marilyn (2011) ... Sound Re-recording Facilities Hysteria (2011) ... Foley Recorded At Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010) ... Foley Recording Facility Nine (2009) ... Re-recording Facility (as Pinewood & Shepperton Studios) Pirate Radio (2009) ... Filmed On Location At (as Shepperton Studios, London, England) Keeping Mum (2005) ... Sound Re-recorded At Doom (2005) ... Sound Re-recorded At (as Shepperton Studios, England, UK) Color Me Kubrick (2005) ... Adr And Foley Recording, Sound Re-recorded At Mrs Henderson Presents (2005) ... Movie Studio Proof (2005) ... Thanks (as Shepperton Studios, London England) Sahara (2005) ... Movie Studio (uncredited) Valiant (2005) ... Sound Re-recording The Phantom of the Opera (2004) ... Foley Recorded At Closer (2004/I) ... Filmed At Alexander (2004) ... Movie Studio Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (2004) ... Movie Studio, Sound Re-recorded At (as Pinewood Shepperton Studios) Millions (2004) ... Re-recorded At Birth (2004) ... Foley Recorded At Finding Neverland (2004) ... Foley Recording (as Shepperton Studios) Yes (2004/I) ... Sound Re-recorded At

Which studios did the Rank Organization open in 1936?

A Brief History of The Rank Organisation | VCI Homepage A Brief History of The Rank Organisation Classic film buffs will fondly remember the thrilling sight of the famous “Gong Man” which preceded the opening credits of every movie produced by The Rank Organisation, England’s biggest and finest film production, distribution and exhibition company. The mere presence of this studio icon at the beginning of the film had the effect, much like the proverbial Pavlov’s dog, of wetting the theatre audience’s appetite, while assuring that they were about to share another brilliant movie experience. The Gong Man simply epitomized the best in filmmaking. J. Arthur Rank was born in 1888 in a decidedly Victorian England. He was the son of Joseph Rank, who owned a successful flour milling business. Young Rank eventually inherited his father’s business; however, it was never seriously his cup of tea. Rank was also a devout member of the Methodist Church and even became a Sunday school teacher, to which he often showed religious films. Disparaged by the lack of quality religious films, he began to produce his own, which he also then distributed to other churches and schools and eventually led to the formation of the Religious Film Society. In a momentous turn of events, the Methodist Times newspaper began to editorialize about the negative impact that British and American movies have on Britain’s families. The London Evening News countered with an editorial which suggested that instead of complaining, the Methodist Church should provide a solution for the problem. It was at that moment; J. Arthur Rank committed himself to take up the challenge. Rank, together with a young film producer named John Corfield and Lady Henrietta Yule of Bricket Wood, soon formed the British National Films Company and within short order, produced their first commercial film, Turn of the Tide. Though only modestly successful, their first production did at least provide the novicefilmmakers with an introduction to some of the challenges of working in the movie business. Far from discouraging Rank, the experience provided new motivation and launched the young company on a campaign of partnerships and acquisitions which would eventually create a worldwide conglomerate. Rank and his partners made their next move in 1935, becoming owner-operators of Pinewood Film Studios, which had only recently been created as a potential rival to the Hollywood studios. Then in 1936, Rank made a bold move to improve his distribution, by removing the middlemen who controlled 80% of the British film industry, and clogged the theatrical pipeline with American movies. He began by forming a partnership with filmmaker C.M. Woolf, for the purpose of creating the General Cinema Finance Corporation (GCFC). They then used that company to buy out General Film Distributors, the UK distributors for Universal Pictures. Distribution problems solved. By 1937, Rank’s movie assets were still accumulating, and besides Pinewood, now included Denham Film Studios, as well as several other interests, and it was at this time he consolidated these holdings in a new company called the Rank Organisation. In 1938, the Rank Organisation bought the Odeon cinema chain. In 1938, it also bought Amalgamated Studios in Elstree, and in 1941, it absorbed the Gaumont-British Picture Corporation, which owned 251 cinemas, and the Lime Grove Studios, (which Rank later sold to BBC Television.) It also acquired the Paramount cinema chain, so that by 1942, the Rank Organisation owned a total of 619 cinemas. By the late 1940s, Rank owned a total of five studios adding Ealing Studios and Islington Studios to those not already named above. The conglomerate also included Rank Screen Advertising and Deluxe Laboratories. During the 1940s and 1950s, The Rank Organisation employed some of England’s greatest directors, who produced some of the finest films ever made in Great Britain, including: Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger (Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes, I Know Where I’m Going), David Lean (Brief Encounter, Great Expecta

Who made the film Renaldo and Clara with Bob Dylan?

Bob Dylan's Renaldo and Clara To Be Finally Released | Literary Kicks Bob Dylan's Renaldo and Clara To Be Finally Released Levi Asher • January 17th, 2011 Summer Of Love Dylanologists rejoice! I've heard from a semi-reliable source that Renaldo and Clara, a much-discussed and little-seen 1978 epic film by Bob Dylan, will soon be finally released on DVD. This astounding, rich and often frustrating movie represented one of the most dramatic episodes in Bob Dylan's long career. An ambitious, intentionally difficult postmodern art film, Renaldo and Clara was panned by critics for being pretentious, incomprehensible and painfully long (all of these things are true). Released in the early years of the punk-rock/new-wave era, the film's windy self-indulgence revealed Dylan as completely out of step with his times. Stung by the criticism, Dylan has refused to release the film ever since. It has not shown in theatres since the 1970s, and has never been officially released on VHS or DVD. But this movie is a masterpiece in spite of its faults, or perhaps because of them. Conceived by Dylan as an early experiment in cinema verite (a genre now typically known as "reality tv"), Renaldo and Clara tells a single story but deliberately confuses the identities of all the characters, several of which are played by Dylan, his former lover Joan Baez or his then-wife Sara Dylan. Bob Neuwirth, T. Bone Burnette, Ronee Blakely, Mick Ronson, Scarlet Rivera, Ronnie Hawkins, Rob Stoner and countless other friends come along for the ride. Various improvised or real-life scenes introduce themes of love, politics and the meaning of America, and by the end none of the themes are easily resolved. The film quality is erratic, the direction is often unclear, and the acting is often clumsy (guitarist Mick Ronson is particularly wooden, and Dylan is no Brando himself) However, stirring scenes and images emerge. Most importantly, the narrative scenes are intercut with stunning complete performances of great songs like Tangled Up In Blue, It Ain't Me Babe, Never Let Me Go, When I Paint My Masterpiece and One More Cup Of Coffee. The film features Dylan in a peak moment of live performance with the Rolling Thunder Revue (the largest and, in my opinion, most exciting band he ever played with). The film's literary credentials are through the roof. It's co-written by Sam Shepard, includes a powerful poetry performance by Anne Waldman, and features many beguiling scenes with Allen Ginsberg and Peter Orlovsky, who light up the screen whenever they appear. This movie is also the only close glimpse curious Dylan fans will ever get of Sara Dylan, the songwriter's greatest muse (Sad-Eyed Lady of the Lowlands) and the mother of his older children. I've seen Renaldo and Clara several times, but always on either a fuzzy bootleg VHS recording or, more recently, in broken segments on YouTube. In either case, the viewing experience is not great (it pretty much looks like the image at the top of this page, which show Sara and Bob as Clara and Renaldo). I'm looking forward to seeing it in high quality video for the first time, and hearing the killer live music in high quality audio. Maybe this time I'll even be able to understand more of the story. It's not clear whether Dylan has refused to release this film since the 1970s only to spite the critics or for other reasons. The crash-landing of Renaldo and Clara coincided with Dylan and Sara's divorce, after which the always enigmatic folk-rocker released a brilliant, Kafkaesque album called Street-Legal, then disappeared for several months and reemerged as a born-again Christian. Renaldo and Clara, though an artistic failure in several ways, captures the heat of an artist in a creative frenzy. It probably also captures something about the 1970s as a whole. My old friends at the once-thriving rec.music.dylan Usenet newsgroup may also remember that I once posted an extensive synopsis of the film there (this was one of the very first things I wrote online). Through maintaining this piece over the years, I've been made aware o

Which British composer wrote the theme music for the film Murder on the Orient Express?

Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details - SoundtrackCollector.com Murder On The Orient Express Murder On The Orient Express (1974) Composer(s): Total number of members who have this title in their: Collection: 373 There are 7 compilation albums for this title. Things you can do: Members who have this label in their: Collection: 29 (a) The Body; (b) Remembering Daisy (03:03) 5.  Track listing contributed by Robert DiMucci Capitol Records TOCP 6588   Members who have this label in their: Collection: 11 Members who have this label in their: Collection: 60 from "Murder on the Ori�nt Express" by Richard Rodney Bennett 2.  from "Murder on the Ori�nt Express" by Richard Rodney Bennett 3.  from "Murder on the Ori�nt Express" by Richard Rodney Bennett 4.  The Ori�nt Express (11:25) from "Murder on the Ori�nt Express" by Richard Rodney Bennett 5.  The Body & Remembering Daisy (03:11) from "Murder on the Ori�nt Express" by Richard Rodney Bennett 6.  from "Murder on the Ori�nt Express" by Richard Rodney Bennett 7.  from "Murder on the Ori�nt Express" by Richard Rodney Bennett 8.  from "Murder on the Ori�nt Express" by Richard Rodney Bennett 9.  from "Murder on the Ori�nt Express" by Richard Rodney Bennett 10.  from "Murder on the Ori�nt Express" by Richard Rodney Bennett 11.  from "Murder on the Ori�nt Express" by Richard Rodney Bennett 12.  from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 13.  Arrival At Wode Hall (01:30) from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 14.  from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 15.  from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 16.  Duet And Love Theme (03:07) from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 17.  from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 18.  I Love My Baby (02:29) from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 19.  The Statues Of Rameses (02:00) from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 20.  from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 21.  Journey On The Nile (02:53) from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 22.  The Temple Of Karnak (02:13) from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 23.  from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 24.  from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 25.  Fox Trot - Don't Say No To... (01:38) from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 26.  from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 27.  Waltz - The White Nile (01:21) from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 28.  from "Death on the Nile" by Nino Rota 29.  Composed by Sir William Walton 5.  ODD MAN OUT: Prelude (03:53) Composed by Willian Alwyn LADY CAROLINE LAMB: Elegy for Viola and Orchestra (2nd Movement) (02:58) Composed by Sir Richard Rodney Bennett 7.  BRIEF ENCOUNTER: Piano Concerto No.2 (09:16) Composed by Serge Rachmaninoff THE INN OF THE SIXTH HAPPINESS: London Prelude (03:40) Composed by Malcolm Arnold HENRY V: Touch Her Soft Lips and Part (01:28) Composed by Sir William Walton 10.  FOUR WEDDINGS AND A FUNERAL: Love Scene (03:22) Composed by Sir Richard Rodney Bennett 11.  633 SQUADRON: Main Titles (02:44) Composed by Ron Goodwin THE CRUEL SEA: Main Titles and Nocturne (04:43) Composed by Alan Rawsthorne

The expression Great White Hope was used to describe which black boxer's opponents?

The Great White Hope | Civic Issues- Race The Great White Hope 3 Replies As an avid fan of sports and hip-hop it’s easy to recognize the similarities that both possess. For example their both very popular and a part of the mainstream consciousness. Another similarity they share, at least in America, is that they are both realms of society that are dominated by African Americans. While that domination of two of the largest American entertainment realms by one race is interesting what’s even more interesting is the effect it has on the race that is the majority in the other American realms.  This domination of African Americans in hip hop and sports has led to one of the most unique Phenomenon in the world, the phenomenon of “The Great White Hope”. I’m sure we have all heard the term before. It’s usually used in some form of jest. But I think it has deeper racial implications that we often don’t realize or choose to ignore. Why do we even have this term? Well origin wise it comes form the early 1900s, courtesy of the great American write Jack London. At the time Jack Johnson was the best boxer in the world. Unfortunately he was black so he didn’t get a chance at the championship. After chasing the champion for two years, jack Johnson finally got a chance at the title and won handily in fifteen rounds. Not able to stomach the sight of a black boxing champion Jack London called on James Jeffries, who retired to avoid fighting Johnson, to come out of retirement, christening him the “Great White Hope”. Needless to say Jack Johnson demolished James Jeffries. Ever since then whenever there’s a white person as the minority in sports or music they’ve been christened with the unique moniker. But why? Its understandable that the term was used on the past but surely in this day and age we would value people as individuals for their skills rather than their skin color. Sadly, we still use the term. I mean you can ever argue that part of Eminem’s early success came from the fact that he represented a white face in a sea of black rappers. But back to the reasoning behind the term. In my opinion, the moniker is a sign of fear. It shows that white people are afraid of being reduced to the minority. There’s a moment in Django Unchained where Calvin Candie, the southern plantation owner played by Leonardo DiCaprio asks “Why didn’t the blacks rise up and kill all the whites?”.  Well that has come true albeit in a much different way through the freeing of slaves and the subsequent years of civil rights reform. The use of Great White Hope seems to be a defense mechanism to give the white race a champion to defend them from being overwhelmed. Its one thing when the phrase is used in the entertainment world. Athletes and musicians are entertainers and they need to drum up business so you can partly chalk up the use of the phrase to marketing. Using the term evokes images of conflict, which is useful in sports because it forces people to pick sides. What’s alarming though is the use of the phrase outside of the entertainment world. In the Huffington Post article by Bob Burnett it goes in length about Mitt Romney’s attempts to win the white vote by casting himself as the great white hope. While he never uses the phrase, little things like birther jokes help solidify the one big superficial difference between Romney and Obama; that is the color of their skin. Now this is all opinionated and open to discussion. But regardless of what you think about what I stated above there is no denying that there are some deep racial issues in the use of the “Great White Hope”. It’s just hard to pinpoint the exact root feeling and meanings behind the phrase because we don’t take it that seriously anymore. It’s too playful. But the playfulness overshadows a very serious darkness, which has never really been addressed. Which brings us to the question of WHY? Why do we need to label things by race? It can’t just be two boxers fighting in the ring? It has to be “The Great White Hope” Vs “Whoever Opposes the White Race”? I don’t know the answers to these questions but

Which Dallas actress was born on exactly the same day as singer / songwriter Stephen Stills?

January 3 - Famous Birthdays - On This Day On This Day Famous Birthdays on January 3 Full Calendar Birthdays 1 - 200 of 237 Person of Interest 106 BC Cicero , Roman statesman and philosopher, born in Arpinum (d. 43 BC) Roman Statesman & Philosopher 1196 Emperor Tsuchimikado of Japan (d. 1231) 1624 William Tucker, 1st African American child born in America 1680 Johann Baptist Zimmermann, German stucco worker 1698 Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet (d. 1782) 1710 Richard Gridley, American Revolutionary soldier (d. 1796) 1719 Francisco José Freire, Portuguese historian (d. 1773) 1722 Fredric Hasselquist, Swedish naturalist (d. 1752) 1730 Charles Palissot de Montenoy, French writer/politician 1757 Johann Abraham Sixt, composer 1760 John Storm, American Revolutionary soldier (d. 1835) 1763 Joseph Fesch, French cardinal/war commission/earl/senator 1777 Louis Poinsot, French instrument worker 1777 M A Elisa Bonaparte, Corsican monarch of Lucca/Piombino 1778 Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish bishop (d. 1861) 1786 [Johann Christian] Friedrich Schneider, German composer and conductor (d. 1853) 1789 Carl G Carus, German physician/psychologist/philosopher 1793 Lucretia Coffin Mott, US, teacher/minister/abolitionist/feminist 1802 Feliks Ostrowski, composer 1802 Charles Pelham Villiers, British House of Commons member (d. 1898) 1803 Douglas William Jerrold, author/playwright/wit (Punch Mag), born in London, England 1806 Henriette Sontag, German soprano (d. 1854) 1810 Antoine T d'Abbadie, French explorer (Ethiopia) [or Jul 24] 1810 Eliza Von Bretton di Zerega, Danish West Indies, baroness 1819 Thomas Hill Watts, Atty Gen (Confederacy), (d. 1892) 1819 Charles Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer Royal for Scotland (d. 1900) 1823 Jaak-Nikolaas Lemmens, Flemish composer 1828 Karl Collan, Finnish composer 1829 John G R Acquoy, theologist/church historian 1829 Konrad Duden, German linguist (Der grosse Duden) 1830 Alexander Ewing, composer 1835 Larkin Goldsmith Mead, sculptor 1836 Sakamoto Ryoma, Japanese revolutionary (d. 1867) 1840 Father Joseph Damien de Veuster, Belgium, helped lepers in Hawaii 1853 Iwan Knorr, German composer, born in Mewe (d. 1916) 1855 Hubert Bland, English socialist (d. 1914) 1861 William Renshaw, British champion tennis player (d. 1904) 1862 Sir Matthew Nathan, British Governor of Queensland and other places (d. 1939) 1865 Henry Lytton, British actor and opera singer (d. 1936) 1868 Franz V M Cumont, Belgian religious historian 1869 Paul Charles Rene Landormy, composer 1870 Henry Eichheim, composer 1870 Henry Handel Richardson, Australia, novelist (Richard Mahoney) 1873 Ichizo Kobayashi, Japanese businessman (d. 1957) 1876 Wilhelm Pieck, co-founder German Communist Party/pres (1949-60) 1879 Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge, US First Lady (1923-29) 1882 Willem Benoy, Flemish actor/director (Pygmalion) Person of Interest 1884 Eli S Jones, US, evangelist (Christ of Indian road) 1884 Raoul Armand Georg Koczalski, composer 1886 Arthur Mailey, cricketer (great Aussie leg-spinner & cartoonist) 1886 John G Fletcher, US, poet (Epic of Arkansas) 1886 Josephine Hull, Newtonville MA, Academy award actress (Harvey) 1887 Helen Parkhurst, US educator (Education on the Dalton plan) 1887 August Macke, German painter (d. 1914) 1891 Osip E Mandelstam, Polish/Russian poet/author (Kamenj) [NS=Jan 15] Person of Interest 1892 J. R. R. Tolkien , British author (The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings), born in Bloemfontein, South Africa (d. 1973) Writer and Academic 1893 Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, French novelist/essayist (Gilles) 1894 ZaSu Pitts, American actress (Life With Father, Dames, Wedding March), born in Parsons, Kansas (d. 1963) 1895 Boris Mykolayovich Lyatoshyns'ky, composer 1895 Mihail Andricu, composer 1897 Marion Davies, [Marion Cecelia Douras], Bkln, actress (Operator 13) 1897 Pola Negri, [Barbara A Chalupec], Polish/US actress (Madame Bovary) 1898 Johannes Hin, Holland, yachtsman (Olympic-gold-1920) 1900 Dorothy Arnzer, director 1901 Eric Voegelin, Germany, US philosopher (Order & History) 1901 Ngo Dinh Diem, pres/dictator of South Vietnam (1955-63)

Who was the German soldier in Rowan and Martin's Laugh In?

Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In (Series) - TV Tropes Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share Series / Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In × WMG The cast during the second season (1968-69) note From top to bottom, starting from the left — First column: Dave Madden. Second column: Larry Hovis, Chelsea Brown, Judy Carne. Third column: Goldie Hawn, Henry Gibson, Dan Rowan. Fourth column: Arte Johnson, Ruth Buzzi, Dick Martin. Fifth column: Alan Sues, Jo Anne Worley. Not pictured: Gary Owens. Announcer: This show has been prerecorded to give the cast a chance to get away. German Soldier: Veeeeery eenteresting, but they'll never make it across the border. (laughs maniacally) An iconic, anarchic hour-long Sketch Comedy series broadcast on NBC from 1968 to 1973. Created by George Schlatter, it broke new ground in television comedy with its rapid-fire jokes, outrageous characters and — for the time — utterly insane and over-the-top humor. The show's ostensible hosts were the urbane Dan Rowan and the somewhat dim Dick Martin, but this tuxedo-clad pair were frequently outshone by the platoon of seeming lunatics who made up the rest of the cast. The show is best known today for the future stars whose careers it launched — Goldie Hawn, Lily Tomlin , Tiny Tim , Henry Gibson, Ruth Buzzi, Arte Johnson, Pat Paulson, and Jo Anne Worley among others — and the incredible comic moments it managed to pull off (such as then-presidential-candidate Richard Nixon asking America to "sock it to him"). But until the birth of Saturday Night Live several years later, Laugh-In was the touchstone of modern American humor. (SNL emulated it, in some ways — unsurprisingly, because many Laugh-In writers later worked on SNL, including the later show's creator and executive producer, Lorne Michaels .) It was possibly the single largest source of Running Gags , Catch Phrases and other pop culture contributions during the middle of the 20th century, and developed during its surprisingly brief run an utterly unique and frenetically subversive style that carried them directly into the subconscious of the viewer. Because of its wild and unpredictable yet intelligent style, it was also often very successful at getting surprisingly risque material (for the era) on the air — usually by setting up apparently-innocent situations where the viewer's mind would fill in the blanks with suitably dirty punchlines and speculations of their own. Regular features of the show included Rowan and Martin's opening "monologue", Gladys and Tyrone the Dirty Old Man on the park bench, the "cocktail party", the not-quite adventures of the Farkle family, "Laugh-In News" and the end-of-episode "joke wall". In addition to the videotaped studio sketches, there were also a large number of filmed bits, most of them running gags, including most famously Judy Carne and Goldie Hawn go-go dancing, and the raincoated man on his tricycle. Every episode had a celebrity Special Guest who participated — usually with gleeful good humor — in the anarchic goings-on. Certain stars — like Tiny Tim — were particular favorites and were brought back episode after episode until they were almost members of the main cast themselves. Video clips of previous guest stars would also frequently show up on later shows as punchlines, setups or simple Reaction Shots . Part of the show's charm was due to Schlatter's tendency not to do retakes, leaving bungles, bloopers and cast crack-ups in place for broadcast. (In fact, he often deliberately provoked Goldie Hawn into fits of giggles on-camera just so he could film and broadcast her laughing.) This gave the impression of a show that was often completely out of control and on which almost anything could happen. The often psychedelic set design just added to it, although Laugh-In never did any kind of overt hard drug humor (although most episodes had a coy marijuana one-liner or two). George Schlatter attempted to recreate the success of Laugh-In for ABC by cloning it into a show called Turn-On. However, the first episode

Who had a 1980s No 1 hit with Shakedown?

Revisiting Bob Seger's Only No. 1 Hit, 'Shakedown' Subscribe to Ultimate Classic Rock on It took two decades, Eddie Murphy and a five-year break from the Top 10 for Bob Seger to score his first, and only, No. 1 hit. On top of all that, after recording for the same company for 20 years, that hit single was on a different label – a one-off song cut for a soundtrack album. But the Beverly Hills Cop franchise was no ordinary ’80s product. It was product, no mistake, but the movies featured Murphy, the hottest comedy star of the decade. The first film in the series, 1984’s Beverly Hills Cop, was a smash, and its soundtrack album reached No. 1. The 1987 follow-up promised more of the same – but bigger. Glenn Frey had a No. 2 hit with “The Heat Is On” from the first movie. But Bob Seger, who hadn’t had a Top 10 song since “Shame on the Moon” climbed to No. 2 in 1982, did him one better with “Shakedown.” (Reportedly, Frey was supposed to sing the follow-up too, but in a turn of events, Seger ended up with the song.) Remarkably, it was Seger’s only chart-topper after nearly three dozen charting singles. “Shakedown” was written by Bob Seger, Harold Faltermeyer (who hit No. 3 with the instrumental “Axel F” from the first movie) and Keith Forsey, who produced the song (as well as other tracks on the Beverly Hills Cop II soundtrack). And it sounded nothing like the meat-and-potatoes heartland rock that Seger’s fans were used to. In fact, with its heavy use of synthesizers and dance beat that aims for both the Top 40 and club floors, the song is one of the worst of Seger’s long career. But he needed the boost. After breaking out with Night Moves in 1976, Seger was on a roll, logging six Top 10 songs in six years, plus a No. 1 album. In the mid ’80s, with MTV dominating the charts, Bob Seger’s brand of gutsy rock ‘n’ roll – splashed with some old-school R&B and even a bit of Detroit-style garage rock – was falling out of favor with mainstream fans. Seger’s two singles preceding “Shakedown” didn’t even reach the Top 50. So, “Shakedown” was the temporary shot in the arm that Seger needed. But it was temporary. After staying at the top of the chart for one week in August 1987, the song slowly slipped from the upper reaches of the Top 40 – and so did Bob Seger. In the 26 years since it reached No. 1, Seger has had only one other charting single, 1991’s “The Real Love,” which stalled at No. 24. For one week in 1987, though, he was on top of the world, thanks to a summer blockbuster, Eddie Murphy and a song the MTV generation could identify with. See Bob Seger and Other Rockers in the Top 100 Albums of the ’70s Image of

On whose life was the short-lived musical Winnie based?

Movie Review - 'Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom' : NPR With: Idris Elba , Naomie Harris , Terry Pheto In English, Xhosa and Afrikaans. Some movies try to underscore their authenticity by flashing dates, names and locations on the screen. Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom offers some dates and locations, but not much in the way of names. The result is a history of national transformation in which only two people really seem to matter. One of them, of course, is Nelson Mandela, whose memoir is a major source for William Nicholson's script. As embodied by Idris Elba, Mandela is a powerful physical presence. The movie shows its protagonist walking, running and doing pushups to freedom. Even during 27 years in prison, his vigor rarely flags. The other dynamo is Winnie Mandela, Nelson's second wife and eventual adversary, and Naomie Harris fiercely conveys the rage and certainty that make her the film's most interesting character. The scenes in which she refuses to join her husband's campaign for racial reconciliation are the strongest and most complex. Elsewhere, however, complexity doesn't seem to be a priority for director Justin Chadwick, whose previous historical pictures include the soapy, baldly fictionalized The Other Boleyn Girl. There's a lot of Mandela's 95 years to get on screen, plus a few corny dream sequences, and a mere 139 minutes to do it. Article continues after sponsorship Chadwick begins, after a glimpse at the great man's modest rustic childhood, with Mandela's work as a lawyer in Johannesburg in the 1940s. The young attorney displays an erotic bravado that's especially pungent — and risky — in piously racist South Africa. Mandela doesn't just flirt with, fondle and cheat with black women; he embarrasses a white woman into dropping a theft case by displaying a contested pair of underpants to the court. Naomie Harris plays the role of Mandela's second wife, Winnie Mandela, and the two of them spark some of the film's best and most complex moments. Keith Bernstein/The Weinstein Company hide caption toggle caption Keith Bernstein/The Weinstein Company The story then leaps, and jarringly, to the 1960 massacre in Sharpeville, where police opened fire on unarmed demonstrators. That famous outrage is used here as narrative shorthand for Mandela's radicalization, which in fact happened long before that. No matter: He begins to work with the African National Congress and its military wing, Spear of the Nation. Arrested in 1962, Mandela is brought to trial with seven other men. One small detail is all that distinguishes them: The black "boys" are issued shorts, while the one prisoner of Indian descent is given trousers. Most of these men will still be Mandela's cohorts 27 years later, yet they're never introduced. That's typical of the movie, which focuses all too tightly on its namesake. Occasionally, the filmmakers crack open a window and context floods in, usually in the form of vintage TV news footage. Mostly, though, the movie is designed for people who already know some history of South Africa from 1942 to 1994, or who don't much care. The black-on-black carnage of the early '90s is invoked but not explained; in fact this period is depicted almost grudgingly, as an annoying bump on the road to Mandela's electoral triumph. Finally, South Africa's first black president goes to greet his people, heralded by the tintinnabulating guitar of ... U2's "The Edge." Enlisting the Irish pompsters for that final musical flourish is a strange touch, and a telling one. The film was shot entirely in South Africa, and revels in golden light on dry yellow grasslands. But it's still a very British movie, a respectful view from a suitable distance. That approach is echoed by Elba's performance, which is keyed to the public man, not the private one. Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom scants both history and psychology, thus rendering its account of South Africa's self-determination saga equally opaque to scholars and casual observers.

How many Gilbert & Sullivan operas are there?

G&S101: The Gilbert & Sullivan Story I (All the photos below are thumbnails – click on them to see larger versions.) William Gilbert – Arthur Sullivan – Richard D'Oyly Carte Beginning in the 1870s, three Englishmen -- playwright William S. Gilbert and composer Arthur Sullivan --revolutionized the musical theatre, creating a series of witty, melodic operettas that set a new standard for stage professionalism. Sullivan's music sparkled with fresh melody, and Gilbert's librettos blended silliness and satire in settings that ranged from pure fantasy to the utterly realistic. Innovative producer Richard D'Oyly Carte publicized these shows as "light operas", but by any name, they were musicals – some of the finest the world would ever see in any language. Beginnings Gilbert was an unsuccessful attorney before a series of his illustrated comic poems were published in several popular British magazines. This opened the way to a successful career as a London playwright and director. At the same time, Sullivan was winning acclaim as Britain's most promising serious composer, but he was quite willing to compose lighter pieces to cover the expenses of the high-society lifestyle he craved. Both men had written minor musical shows with other collaborators, but neither expected that musical theatre would be their key to lasting fame. In the 1860s, the British musical theatre consisted of variety shows, French operettas, and the slapdash comic light operas presented by John Hollingshead at his Gaiety Theatre. Hollingshead hired Gilbert and Sullivan to create Thespis (1871 - 63), a mythological spoof involving a theatrical troupe that stumbles onto Mount Olympus and trades places with the aging Greek gods. Written and staged in a frantic five weeks, Gilbert himself later dismissed this show as "crude and ineffective," but it impressed at least one audience member – aspiring producer Richard D'Oyly Carte. Four years later, when Carte needed a one-act "curtain raiser" to share the bill with his production of Offenbach's La Perichole at London's Opera Comique, he convinced G&S to adapt one of Gilbert's satirical poems. Trial By Jury: The Curtain Raiser The opening night of Trial By Jury as recreated for The Gilbert and Sullivan Story. The resulting thirty five minute musical eclipsed La Perichole and became the talk of London. Trial By Jury (1875 - 131) was a delicious spoof of a breach of promise trial, a now-forgotten procedure where a man could be sued by a woman for withdrawing a proposal of marriage. In the show, the defendant is a roguish playboy, the pretty plaintiff (wearing her wedding dress) flirts shamelessly with the all-male jury, and an amoral judge shamelessly resolves the case by marrying the girl himself. Trial By Jury established several comic themes that would run through most of Gilbert and Sullivan's shows – unqualified men who have oiled their way into high public office the course of true love flows in surprising directions a flagrant disdain for women over 40 years of age Example: Trial's "Learned Judge" (originally portrayed by Sullivan's brother Frederic) sings of the questionable tactics that brought him to his exalted position -- At Westminster Hall In the dusk, With a light behind her!" Although both Gilbert and Sullivan looked on operetta as a sideline, they realized it could prove very profitable. So D'Oyly Carte had little if any trouble persuading them to attempt a full-length work. The Sorcerer George Grossmith, who originated most of the G&S comic "patter" roles – seen here as John Wellington Wells in The Sorcerer. The Sorcerer (1877 - 178) involved magician John Wellington Wells, who wreaks havoc in a small English village with a love potion. By having members of the upper and lower classes fall in love with each other, The Sorcerer lampooned Victorian notions of social propriety and class distinction, but it's comedy was so polished, witty and utterly respectable that no one took offense. It had a

"Who said, ""Middle age is when your age starts to show around your middle?"""

Middle age is when your age starts to show around your middle. - Bob Hope - BrainyQuote Middle age is when your age starts to show around your middle. Find on Amazon: Bob Hope Cite this Page: Citation

"About whom did Kenneth Tynan say, ""What one sees in other women drunk, one sees in... sober?"""

Kenneth Tynan - Wikiquote Kenneth Tynan Jump to: navigation , search No theater could sanely flourish until there was an umbilical connection between what was happening on the stage and what was happening in the world . Kenneth Tynan ( 2 April 1927 – 26 July 1980 ) was a British author most famous for his theatre criticism. Contents Quotes[ edit ] We shall be judged by what we do, not by how we felt while we were doing it. How far should one accept the rules of the society in which one lives? To put it another way: at what point does conformity become corruption ? Only by answering such questions does the conscience truly define itself. A good many inconveniences attend playgoing in any large city, but the greatest of them is usually the play itself. Article in the New York Herald Tribune (17 February 1957) I believe in neither a director’s nor a writer’s theatre, but a theatre of intelligent audiences. I count myself as a member of an intelligent audience, and I wrote to you as such. That you should disagree with me I can understand, but that you should resent my expressing my opinions is something that frankly amazes me. I thought we had outgrown the idea of theatre as a mystic rite born of secret communion between author, director, actors and an empty auditorium. Letter to George Devine (10 March 1964), printed in Kenneth Tynan : A Life by Dominic Shellard [Yale University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-300-09919-3 ], p. 292 I doubt if there are very many rational people in this world to whom the word "fuck" is particularly diabolical or revolting or totally forbidden. Spoken during a discussion on censorship, broadcast live on the BBC program BBC-3, (13 November 1965) Tynan was the first to say this word on British television, leading to an apology from the BBC and several motions in the House of Commons. Any country that has sexual censorship will eventually have political censorship. As quoted in "Critic Kenneth Tynan Has Mellowed But Is Still England's Stingingest Gadfly" by Godfrey Smith in The New York Times (9 January 1966) I hope I never need to believe in God . It would be an awful confession of failure . As quoted in "Critic Kenneth Tynan Has Mellowed But Is Still England's Stingingest Gadfly" by Godfrey Smith in The New York Times (9 January 1966) A critic is a man who knows the way but can't drive the car. As quoted in "Critic Kenneth Tynan Has Mellowed But Is Still England's Stingingest Gadfly" by Godfrey Smith in The New York Times (9 January 1966) No theater could sanely flourish until there was an umbilical connection between what was happening on the stage and what was happening in the world. As quoted in "Critic Kenneth Tynan Has Mellowed But Is Still England's Stingingest Gadfly" by Godfrey Smith in The New York Times (9 January 1966) Not content to have the audience in the palm of his hand, he goes one further and clinches his fist. As quoted in "Kenneth Tynan — The Critic As Elegant Conversationalist" by by Robert Cushman in The New York Times (17 August 1980) A neurosis is a secret that you don't know you're keeping. Quoted in Kathleen Tynan , The Life of Kenneth Tynan (1987), p. 188 Tynan Right and Left (1967)[ edit ] A good drama critic is one who perceives what is happening in the theatre of his time . A great drama critic also perceives what is not happening. The man who reacts to the universe with a cry of impotent anguish is acceptable as an artist only if he can persuade us that he has sanely considered the other possible reactions and found them inadequate. A good drama critic is one who perceives what is happening in the theatre of his time . A great drama critic also perceives what is not happening. Foreword, p. viii John Osborne spoke out in a vein of ebullient, free-wheeling rancour that betokened the arrival of something new in the theatre — a sophisticated, articulate lower-class. Most of the critics were offended by Jimmy Porter , but not on account of his anger; a working-class hero is expected to be angry. What nettled them was something quite different: his self-confidence. This was no env

Michael Jackson's Will You Be There came from which movie?

WILL YOU BE THERE-MICHAEL JACKSON(FREE WILLY) - YouTube WILL YOU BE THERE-MICHAEL JACKSON(FREE WILLY) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Nov 5, 2007 HOT SONG , HOT MOVIE

Who had a 60s No 1 hit with The Theme From a Summer Place?

BT 100 1960 No 1 - Theme From a Summer Place by Percy Faith - YouTube BT 100 1960 No 1 - Theme From a Summer Place by Percy Faith Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 12, 2014 "Theme from A Summer Place" is a song with lyrics by Mack Discant and music by Max Steiner, written for the 1959 film A Summer Place, which starred Sandra Dee and Troy Donahue. It was recorded for the film by Hugo Winterhalter. Originally known as the "Molly and Johnny Theme", the piece is not the main title theme of the film, but a love theme for the characters played by Dee and Donahue. Percy Faith recorded the most popular version of the tune in the Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York City, which spent an at-the-time record of nine consecutive weeks at #1 on the still-young Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in early 1960. It remains the longest-running #1 instrumental in the history of the chart. Billboard ranked Faith's version as the No. 1 song for 1960.[3] It reached #2 in the UK. It hit #1 in Italy under the title "Scandalo Al Sole". Faith won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1961 for his recording. This was the first movie theme and the first instrumental to win a Record of the Year Grammy. Faith re-recorded the song twice – first, in 1969, as a female choral version, then, in 1976, as a disco version titled "Summer Place '76". In 2008, Faith's original version was ranked at #18 on Billboard's top 100 songs during the first 50 years of the Hot 100 chart. Category

Who won the Best Director Oscar for Platoon?

Platoon - Awards - IMDb Oliver Stone Stone was nominated twice in the category and won an equal number of votes for both films. Tied ... More Stone was nominated twice in the category and won an equal number of votes for both films. Tied with Oliver Stone for Salvador (1986). National Society of Film Critics Awards, USA 1987 3rd place

In which decade of the 20th century was Jessica Lange born?

Helen Hayes - Biography - IMDb Helen Hayes Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trivia  (27) | Personal Quotes  (11) Overview (5) First Lady of the American Theater Height 5' (1.52 m) Mini Bio (1) Known as "The First lady of the American Theater", Helen Hayes had a legendary career on stage and in films and television that spanned over eighty years. Hayes was born in Washington, D.C., to Catherine Estelle "Essie" Hayes, an actress who worked in touring companies, and Francis van Arnum Brown, a clerk and salesman. Her maternal grandparents were Irish. A child actress in the first decade of the 20th century, by the time she turned twenty in 1920 she was well on her way to a landmark career on the American stage, becoming perhaps the greatest female star of the theatre during the 1930s and 1940s. She made a handful of scattered films during the silent era and in 1931 was signed to MGM with great fanfare to begin a career starring in films. Her first three films, 'Arrowsmith', 'The Sin of Madelon Claudet', and 'A Farewell to Arms (1932)', were great hits and she would win the 1932 Oscar for Best Actress for her work in Madelon Claudet. Alas, her lack of screen glamour worked against her becoming a box office star during the golden era of Hollywood, and her subsequent films were often not well received by critics. Within four years she had abandoned the screen and returned to the stage for the greatest success of her career, "Victoria Regina", which ran for three years starting in 1935. Helen Hayes returned to motion pictures with a few featured roles in 1950s films and frequently appeared on television. In 1970, she made a screen comeback in 'Airport' (1970), a role originally offered to Claudette Colbert , who declined it, earning Hayes her second Oscar, this time for Best Supporting Actress. Helen Hayes retired from the stage in 1971 but enjoyed enormous fame and popularity over the next fifteen years with many roles in motion pictures and television productions, retiring in 1985 after starring in the TV film 'Murder With Mirrors'. - IMDb Mini Biography By: HarlowMGM Spouse (1) ( 17 August  1928 - 21 April  1956) (his death) (2 children) Trivia (27) Lived for many years in an historic house in Nyack, New York called "Pretty Penny." Located at 235 North Broadway, she regularly offered tours of her well maintained gardens to the local garden clubs. The house was purchased by television personality and actress Rosie O'Donnell , a few years after her death, from her surviving son, actor James MacArthur . Received the Women's International Center (WIC) Living Legacy Award in 1985. Pre-eminent US stage actress. She was regarded as the First Lady of the American Theater. Interred at Oak Hill Cemetery, Nyack, New York, USA. Mother of stage actress Mary MacArthur, who died in 1949 at the age of nineteen, and adoptive mother of actor James MacArthur . Charter member of the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1973. She had a career than spanned over 80 years beginning as a child actress at age 5. The lights of Broadway were dimmed for one minute at 8:00 p.m. on the day she died. She made frequent trips to hospitals because of asthma attacks aggravated by backstage dust. When asthma ended her theatrical career, Hayes wrote books and raised funds for organizations that fight asthma. In 1958, she became the second performer to win the Triple Crown of Acting. Oscars: Best Actress, The Sin of Madelon Claudet (1931) and Best Supporting Actress, Airport (1970), Tony: Best Actress-Play, "Time Remembered" (1958), and Emmy: Best Actress of 1953. Won three Tony Awards, two Best Actress (Dramatic) awards -- one in 1947 for "Happy Birthday," an award that was shared with Ingrid Bergman for "Joan of Lorraine," another in 1958, for "Time Remembered" -- and a third, Special Tony Award in 1980, namely: The Lawrence Langer Memorial Award for Distinguished Lifetime Achievement in the American Theatre. She was also nominated as Best Actress (Dramatic) in 1970 for a revival of "Harvey." Is one of only a few actors to win an Osca

"Which film poster included the line ""I told you... you know nothing about wickedness?"""

PoundPosters.com: The Lady from Shanghai 35.5cm x 28cm Mini Print for Only £1 - Buy now! Trustpilot Film Print: Directed by the iconic Orson Wells, 'The Lady from Shanghai' starred Rita Hayworth as Elsa 'Rosalie' Bannister and was a classic film from the 1940's and 50's film era. This stunning mini print shows an illustrated depiction of Heyworth as she stands seductively in a black dress with her back on show. With the quote "I told you...you know nothing about wickedness", this gorgeous mini print is sure to make an eye catching addition to your home. Related Categories

Who wrote the very last episode of Seinfeld?

Seinfeld | WikiSein | Fandom powered by Wikia [ show ] Overview The show has been famously described as "the show about nothing" (a self-referential phrase from an episode describing Jerry and George's attempt to create a sitcom idea), as most of the comedy was based around the largely inconsequential minutiae of every-day life, and often involved petty rivalries and elaborate schemes to gain the smallest advantage over other individuals. Seinfeld himself notes that his original premise — and the purpose for the standup excerpts that bookended each show — was that the show would be about how a comedian gathers material for his act. The characters have also been described as utterly selfish and amoral; the show stood out by depicting these traits in a comedic fashion. However, it should be noted that a common motif concerns characters' attempts to do nice things for people, only to have them backfire exponentially. In contrast to many other sitcoms, the allowing of scenes to lapse into sentimentality was generally avoided, and Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David's dictum of "no hugging, no learning" gave the show its distinctively cold and cynical tone. However, themes of illogical social graces and customs, neurotic and obsessive behavior, and the mysterious workings of relationships ran in numerous episodes, making it possible to categorize the show as a comedy of manners. The show's creators made a conscious effort to reflect the activities of real people, rather than the idealized escapist characters often seen on television, although many of the show's plots involve intricate, and often cyclical strings of events that converge in the end to form a grand irony. Previous shows on television were almost always family or co-worker driven, but Seinfeld holds itself up as being a then-rare example of a sitcom wherein none of the characters were related by blood or employed in the same building or business. In fact, many characters were not employed at all. According to Bruce Fretts' 1993 The "Entertainment Weekly" "Seinfeld" Companion, Seinfeld’s audience was, "TV-literate, demographically desirable urbanites, for the most part-who look forward to each weekly episode in the Life of Jerry with a baby-boomer generation's self-involved eagerness." Likewise, in episodes adhering to the original concept, the show featured clips of Seinfeld himself delivering a standup routine at the beginning and end of each episode, the theme of which relates to the events depicted in the plot. By this device the distinction between the actor Jerry Seinfeld and the character who is portrayed by him is deliberately blurred. In later seasons, these standup clips became less frequent. All of the main characters were modeled after Seinfeld's or Larry David's real-life acquaintances. In fact, many of the plot devices are based on real-life counterparts - such as the Soup Nazi (based on Al Yeganeh) and J. Peterman of the J. Peterman Catalog . Another violation of the fiction convention of isolating characters from the actors playing them, and separating the characters' world from the actors' and audience's world, was a story arc that concerned the characters' roles in promoting a television sitcom series named Jerry. Jerry was much like Seinfeld in that Seinfeld played himself, and that the show was "about nothing". Jerry was launched in the 1993 season finale of Seinfeld, in an episode titled "The Pilot". This story arc, along with other examples of self-reference, have led many critics to point out the postmodern nature of the show. According to Katherine Gantz, this entanglement of character and actor relationships "seems to be a part of the show's complex appeal. Whereas situation comedies often dilute their cast, adding and removing characters in search of new plot possibilities, Seinfeld instead interiorizes; the narrative creates new configurations of the same limited cast to keep the viewer and the characters intimately linked. In fact, it is precisely this concentration on the nuclear set of four personalities that

In 1997 which airline replaced the flag on its tail fin with ethnic designs from around the world?

British Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its imperial origins | Daily Mail Online comments The ‘world’s favourite airline,’ which once caused a storm by dropping the Union Flag from its tailfins, has harked back to its Imperial past in a re-launch that is part of a £5billion investment programme. After a crippling 18 months of cabin crew strikes and the fall-out from terror attacks in 2001, British Airways says it is now ready to put a turbulent decade behind it and look to the future by starting ‘a new chapter’ . But it has also unashamedly gone back 90 years to its origins and early days as Imperial Airways – covering the four corners of the British Empire - to celebrate its ‘Britishness’ across the globe. Out with the old: BA's new slogan To Fly. To Serve will replace it's former motto 'The World's Favourite Airline' BA will launch a new 90-second TV ‘brand’ campaign on Wednesday  – its first in ten years – with a cinematic TV and internet advert that celebrates its origins from 1919 through to the present day. Ten serving cabin crew members appear in the advert, though neither they nor BA would say whether they worked or walked out during the recent dispute. The mini-film begins amidst flimsy-looking bi-planes and shades of ‘Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines,' before moving on to the pre-WWII days, when passengers could fly from Croydon with Imperial Airways to far flung parts of an Empire on which the sun never set. Nostalgic: BA's re-launch mini film will delight with its potted history of air travel that celebrates the firm's origins from 1919 to the present day. Here a De Haviland 51 bi-plane gets checked over History: A still from the advert sees the pilot of a silver De Haviland Dragon DH89 as used by Imperial Airways from Croydon to the four corners of the British Empire Moving on: The ad also features a Douglas DC-3 Dakota from 1949-50 flown by British European Airways (BEA) from Northolt It then winds through the decades of jet travel to Concorde and the present day. The campaign coincides with a five-year plan to invest £5billion on new aircraft, including the giant Airbus A380 superjumbo, new interiors and new services. BA's former motto of ‘the world’s favourite airline’ will be replaced with the company's coat of arms and the words: ‘To fly, to serve.’ Also appearing: A Vickers VC10 Flying for forerunner British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) in the 1960s from Heathrow On the tarmac: 1960s pilots make their way to the Vickers VC10s during the 'Aviators' advert Retired giant: The ad will also feature Concorde, which made its last flight in 2003 before being retired Modern: A British Airways 747 Jumbo Jet will also feature From bi-planes to whipped cream, Maggie's hankerchief and a merger: BA's 92-year history explained August 25, 1919: BA’s forerunner company, Aircraft Transport and Travel Limited (AT&T) launches first daily international air service between London and Paris, operating a single-engined de Havilland DH4A bi-plane from Hounslow Heath near current Heathrow. It carried a single passenger and cargo including newspapers, Devonshire cream and grouse on two-and-a half-hour cross-Channel journey to Le Bourget. 1924: Four fledgling airlines, including Daimler Airways (a successor to AT&T) merge to form Imperial Airways Limited operating from the new London airport at Croydon to all corners of the British Empire and the Continent. 1939: Imperial Airways nationalised at dawn of second world war and merged with another to form British overseas Airways Corporation BOAC. After the war BOAC continued to operate long-haul and transatlantic while a new company British European Airways (BEA) flew Continental and domestic routes. 1950s-60s: The passenger jet age dawned as BOAC flew the Comet to Johannesburg in 1952 in 23 hours with five stops, and began the first transatlantic jet service to New York on October 1958, days ahead of their American rivals. 1960s: BOAC flies in from Miami Beach and is immortalised in a Beatles song – ‘Back in the USSR’. On another fligh

Where did Anne Frank die?

Anne Frank - World War II - HISTORY.com Google Anne Frank’s Childhood Anne Frank was born Anneliese Marie Frank in Frankfurt, Germany, on June 12, 1929, to Edith Hollander Frank (1900-45) and Otto Frank (1889-1980), a prosperous businessman. Less than four years later, in January 1933, Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany and he and his Nazi government instituted a series of measures aimed at persecuting Germany’s Jewish citizens. Did You Know? In 1960, the building at Prinsengracht 263, home to the Secret Annex, opened to the public as a museum devoted to the life of Anne Frank. Her original diary is on display there. By the fall of 1933, Otto Frank moved to Amsterdam, where he established a small but successful company that produced a gelling substance used to make jam. After staying behind in Germany with her grandmother in the city of Aachen, Anne joined her parents and sister Margot (1926-45) in the Dutch capital in February 1934. In 1935, Anne started school in Amsterdam and earned a reputation as an energetic, popular girl. In May 1940, the Germans, who had entered World War II in September of the previous year, invaded the Netherlands and quickly made life increasingly restrictive and dangerous for Jewish people there. Between the summer of 1942 and September 1944, the Nazis and their Dutch collaborators deported more than 100,000 Jews in Holland to extermination camps. Anne Frank’s Family Goes into Hiding In early July 1942, after Margot Frank received a letter ordering her to report to a work camp in Germany, Anne Frank’s family went into hiding in an attic apartment behind Otto Frank’s business, located at Prinsengracht 263 in Amsterdam. In an effort to avoid detection, the family left a false trail suggesting they’d fled to Switzerland. A week after they had gone into hiding, the Franks were joined by Otto’s business associate Hermann van Pels (1898-1944), along with his wife Auguste (1900-45) and their son Peter (1926-45), who were also Jewish. A small group of Otto Frank’s employees, including his Austrian-born secretary, Miep Gies (1909-2010), risked their own lives to smuggle food, supplies and news of the outside world into the secret apartment, whose entrance was situated behind a movable bookcase. In November 1942, the Franks and Van Pels were joined by Fritz Pfeffer (1889-1944), Miep Gies’ Jewish dentist. Life for the eight people in the small apartment, which Anne Frank referred to as the Secret Annex, was tense. The group lived in constant fear of being discovered and could never go outside. They had to remain quiet during daytime in order to avoid detection by the people working in the warehouse below. Anne passed the time, in part, by chronicling her observations and feelings in a diary she had received for her 13th birthday, a month before her family went into hiding. Addressing her diary entries to an imaginary friend she called Kitty, Anne Frank wrote about life in hiding, including her impressions of the other inhabitants of the Secret Annex, her feelings of loneliness and her frustration over the lack of privacy. While she detailed typical teenage issues such as crushes on boys, arguments with her mother and resentments toward her sister, Frank also displayed keen insight and maturity when she wrote about the war, humanity and her own identity. She also penned short stories and essays during her time in hiding. The Franks are Captured by the Nazis On August 4, 1944, after 25 months in hiding, Anne Frank and the seven others in the Secret Annex were discovered by the Gestapo, the German secret state police, who had learned about the hiding place from an anonymous tipster (who has never been definitively identified). After their arrest, the Franks, Van Pels and Fritz Pfeffer were sent by the Gestapo to Westerbork, a holding camp in the northern Netherlands. From there, in September 1944, the group was transported by freight train to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination and concentration camp complex in German-occupied Poland. Anne and Margot Frank were spared immediate death in the Auschwi

"According to the British Bishop Mervyn Stockwood, who would ""go to the Follies Bergere and look at the audience?"

Jokes Noop » Doctors Jokes Noop Hippocrates (B.C. 460-370) Greek Physician and “Father of Medicine” AphorismsNatural forces within us are the true healers of disease. —- Galen (129-199? A.D) Greek Physician The physician is Nature’s assistant. —- Aristotle Aristotle (B.C. 384-322) Greek Philosopher The physician heals, Nature makes well. —- Voltaire (1694-1778) (Francois Marie Arouet) French Historian & Writer The art of medicine consists of amusing the patient whilenature cures the disease. —- Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) American Statesman, Scientist and Philosopher God heals, and the doctor takes the fee. —- William Broome (1689-1745)English Scholar and Poet A doctor is a man who writes prescriptions till the patienteither dies or is cured by nature. —- Petronius Arbiter (d. 66 A.D.)Roman Writer Satyricon XLIIA doctor is nothing more than a mental consolation. —- Gilles Menage (1613-1692) age (1613-1692) French Scholar, Lawyer and Cleric Menagiana Medicine may be defined as the art or the science of keeping a patient quiet with frivolous reasons for his illness and amusing him with remedies good or bad until nature kills him or cures him. —- Paracelsus (1493-1541) (T. Bombastus Von Hohenheim) Swiss Philosopher Die grosse WundarzneiMedicine is not only a science; it is also an art.It does not consist of compounding pills and plasters; it deals with the very processes of life, which must be understood beforethey may be guided. OPPOSITES Walt Whitman (1819-1892)American Poet and Writer I love doctors and hate their medicine. —- SPublilius Syrus (fl. B.C. 42) Syrian Born – Roman Writer of Aphorisms There are some remedies worse than the disease. —- Francis Quarles (1592-1644) English Poet Hieroglyphics of the Life of ManPhysicians, of all men, are most happy:whatever good success they have, the world proclaimeth and what faults they commit, the earth covereth. —- Hippocrates (B.C. 460-370) Greek Physician and “Father of Medicine” Physicians are many in title but very few in reality. —- Nicholas de Belleville (1753-1831) If you have a lawsuit, and you get one bad lawyer, you lose your suit, but you can appeal;but if you have one bad doctor, and he kills you,then there can be no appeal. —- Jerome Tarshis Quoted in:Barnes & Noble Book of Quotations The history of medicine is a story of amazing foolishnessand amazing intelligence. —- Ernest L. Wynder Quoted in:The Wit and Wisdom of the 20th Century It should be the function of medicine to have people die young as late as possible. —- Anonymous A doctor is the only man who can suffer from good health. OPPOSITES Finley Peter Dunne (1867-1936)American Humorist and Journalist Mister Dooley SaysI wondher why ye can always read a doctor’s bill an’ yeniver can read his purscription. —- Sir Humphrey D. Rolleston: The Wit of Medicine Medicine is a noble profession but a damn bad business. —- Medicine is a science, acquiring a practice an art. —- Samuel N. Behrman (1893-1973) American Playwright Psychoanalysis makes quite simple people feel they’re complex. —- Karl Kraus (1874-1936)Austrian Satirist, Critic and Poet Psychoanalysis is that mental illness for which it regards itself a therapy. —- Shannon Fife Quoted ineter’s Quotations, Ideas for Our Time Psychiatry is the art of teaching people how to stand on their own feet while reclining on couches. Insight —- Chinese Proverb The superior doctor prevents sickness; The mediocre doctor attends to impending sickness; The inferior doctor treats actual sickness. —- Robert Haven Schauffler (b. 1879) American Musician, Soldier and Poet The ideal doctor is patient. —- James Howard Means (1885-1967) Daedalus, 1963 The custom of giving patients appointments weeks in advance, during which time their illness may become seriously aggravated, seems to me to fall short of the ideal doctor- patient relationship. —- Heaven defend me from a busy doctor. —- The person most often late for a doctor’s appointment is the doctor himself. —- Paul Reznikoff (b. 1896) Quoted in: Familiar Medical Quotations, by M. B. Strauss A physician is judged by the three

In which city was the peace treaty ending the Vietnam war signed?

Paris Peace Accords signed - Jan 27, 1973 - HISTORY.com Paris Peace Accords signed Publisher A+E Networks The United States, South Vietnam, Viet Cong, and North Vietnam formally sign “An Agreement Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam” in Paris. Due to South Vietnam’s unwillingness to recognize the Viet Cong’s Provisional Revolutionary Government, all references to it were confined to a two-party version of the document signed by North Vietnam and the United States—the South Vietnamese were presented with a separate document that did not make reference to the Viet Cong government. This was part of Saigon’s long-time refusal to recognize the Viet Cong as a legitimate participant in the discussions to end the war. The settlement included a cease-fire throughout Vietnam. It addition, the United States agreed to the withdrawal of all U.S. troops and advisors (totalling about 23,700) and the dismantling of all U.S. bases within 60 days. In return, the North Vietnamese agreed to release all U.S. and other prisoners of war. Both sides agreed to the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Laos and Cambodia and the prohibition of bases in and troop movements through these countries. It was agreed that the DMZ at the 17th Parallel would remain a provisional dividing line, with eventual reunification of the country “through peaceful means.” An international control commission would be established made up of Canadians, Hungarians, Poles, and Indonesians, with 1,160 inspectors to supervise the agreement. According to the agreement, South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu would continue in office pending elections. Agreeing to “the South Vietnamese People’s right to self-determination,” the North Vietnamese said they would not initiate military movement across the DMZ and that there would be no use of force to reunify the country. Footnote: The last U.S. serviceman to die in combat in Vietnam, Lt. Col. William B. Nolde, was killed by an artillery shell at An Loc, 60 miles northwest of Saigon, only 11 hours before the truce went into effect. Related Videos

What was Scotland's answer to California's Silicon Valley called?

Silicon Valley History & Future Source: "Education and Tech Entrepreneurship" by Vivek Wadhwa, Richard Freeman, Ben Rissing. Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 2008 About 60 years ago, Stanford University had some financial problems. The authorities of university tried to resolve these problems by leasing part of the university land to high-tech companies for 99 years. Carolyn Tajnai clarified this point of Stanford's history in more detail: ' In the 1950's, the idea of building an industrial park arose. The university had plenty of land over 8,000 acres....but money was needed to finance the University's rapid postwar growth. The original bequest of his farm by Leland Stanford prohibited the sale of this land, but there was nothing to prevent its being leased. It turned out that long-term leases were just as attractive to industry as out right ownership; thus, the Stanford Industrial Park was founded. The goal was to create a center of high technology close to a cooperative university. It was a stroke of genius , and Terman, calling it ``our secret weapon,'' quickly suggested that leases be limited to high technology companies that might be benspanananficial to Stanford. In 1951 Varian Associates signed a lease, and in 1953 the company moved into the first building in the park. Eastman Kodak, General Electric, Preformed Line Products, Admiral Corporation, Shockley Transistor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Lockheed, Hewlett-Packard, and others followed soon after.' Fred Terman, The father of Silicon Valley by Carolyn Tajnai, 1995 According to Varian Associates it was a simple decision: 'Gradually, facilities were moved from leased quarters in San Carlos to a quiet corner of Stanford land, thus creating what is today the Company's headquarters site, and incidentally bringingi nto being the Stanford Industrial Park - the most successful complex of its kind in the world.'  Source: Varian Associates: An Early History   The First building of Silicon Valley First Varian Associates building, Stanford Industrial Park, Palo Alto, California, 1953. Source: 'Russell and Sigurd Varian - The Inventor and The Pilot', by Dorothy Varian. Palo Alto, 1983, p.258. The picture is reproduced here with Varian Associates permission since 1995. Is it a reasonable doubt or ... just invitation to the further discussion? Among the different organizations that were instrumental in the process of creating Silicon Valley the significant role  was the Stanford Research Institute (SRI): After World War II, a great industrial push was under way to reinvigorate the economy. Founded by a small group of business executives in conjunction with Stanford University, Stanford Research Institute (our founding name) was created in 1946 as a West Coast center of innovation to support economic development in the region. The world's first digital computer (ENIAC, weighing in at 30 tons) was introduced, and in what is now known as Silicon Valley a three-bedroom home sold for $10,000.  Source: SRI Timeline . Perhaps it was just one of the reasons why at least some of  SRI people appeared to be  very skeptical  about the above photo of Silicon Valley's building #1. Alice Resnick Senior Director, Corporate and Marketing Communications SRI International wrote to us concerning this subject  31 Jan 2002 14:41:03 -0800: For example,  SRI had a building in Menlo Park (one that we still occupy) in 1947, several years before what you call the 'The First building of Silicon Valley: First Varian Associates building, Stanford Industrial Park, Palo Alto, California, 1953' on your web page at http://netvalley.com/. In 1995  William Hewlett decided to described in more details his own concept of Silicon Valley's birth. Supernova   of Silicon Valley: What does it mean? '...in Ju

What was St. Petersburg called for most of the 20th century?

St-Petersburg: 20th Century St-Petersburg: 20th Century June 24th, 2010 | Author: admin Emperor Alexander III, the “Pacifier”, a mighty man of enviable health, died on 20 October 1894 from a kidney disease at the age of 49. The heir, Tsesarvich Nicholas, a man of average abilities, was not ready to take control of the huge country. Infantile, timid and shy at 26, when he had to inherit the throne, Nicholas was completely lost, and moreover, the political situation was rather difficult indeed when he succeeded the crown. On 14 November 1894 he urgently married Princess Alice of Hesse-Darmstadt, who took the name of Alexandra Fiodorovna after accepting the Orthodox faith. The luxurious and majestic wedding in the church of the Winter Palace was not accompanied by any especial merry-making and their honeymoon passed against the background of funeral visits. The reign of the last Russian Emperor began in a tragic atmosphere – during the coronation of Nicholas II many people were crushed by the jostling crowd. But except for the Khodynka tragedy, the course of life in Russia was still rather steady and quiet in the first years of his reign. Ilya Repin. The Marriage of Nicolas II and Grend Duchess Alexandra Feodorovna in the Winter Palase. 1894 Meanwhile serious changes were ripening. From the second half of the nineteenth century Russia was rapidly catching up with Europe в its industry had an accelerated development. At the turn of the centuries St Petersburg turned into an immense industrial centre. Changes in everyday life were unusually swift: many aristocrats replaced horse-drawn vehicles by cars; telephones, electricity, water supply lines and other modern conveniences were introduced. Modern trends in the design of clothes, hair-styles and a mode of conduct were changing as short-lived fancies. A new type of businessmen – bankers and entrepreneurs who owned large fortunes – have emerged. It was in this period that the last grand style, Art Nouveau, rapidly broke into the city’s architectural silhouette. New buildings at the Petrograd Side and Vasilyevsky Island were so unusual in design that they seemed to implement the early Romanticists’ dream of changing the world by means of beauty. Not only dwelling houses were then designed in the “Northern Art Nouveau” style – sometimes combined with Neo-Classicism – many banks and shops reminiscent of palaces by their richly decorated facades were also erected. The 1910s saw a rise, within this new stylistic movement, of a more experimental trend, Constructivism, that became especially widespread in industrial architecture. A short period dominated by the Art Nouveau style – merely some three decades – was a crucial era in the history of St Petersburg and entire Russia. That was a contradictory time marked by an upsurge of creative activities of the Russian intelligentsia and a presentiment of an imminent catastrophe. The turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century coincided with a decline of old thinking and it was the northern capital that became the focus of intense spiritual quests and the main arena of the so-called Silver Age of Russian culture. The creative destinies of artists, actors, poets and musicians were interwoven no less whimsically than the lines of Art Nouveau itself. The atmosphere of the capital was permeated with mysticism and poetry. Disputes, lectures and editorial tea-drinking parties where writers and poets could meet with their readers were then popular; various ideas connected with the most profound and vital problems of the age were put forward. Nathan Altman. Portrait of Anna Akhmatova, 1914. Russian Museum The uncrowned queen of this bohemian world was the poet Anna Akhmatova who held supreme authority in the Wandering Dog cabaret and became its symbol of a sort. The most notable phenomenon in the artistic life of the capital was the World of Art society, with the artist Alexander Benois as one of its founders. The World of Art members arranged exhibitions, issued a magazine of the same name and eventually formed a new artistic movement. They succ

What is London's biggest airport called?

London travel guide - Wikitravel Understand[ edit ] The Tower of London "When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford" — Samuel Johnson History[ edit ] London has existed in various incarnations for two millennia. The city has been the principal seat of British royal dynasties and of English (later British) governments throughout its history and has survived through fire, invasion and plague. Evidence has been unearthed of Bronze and Iron Age settlement on the present day site of London, though it is unlikely a city existed here before the Roman conquest of Britannia in 43 AD. Londinium, the precursor to the modern city of London, was established in 50 AD. Ten years later it was conquered and destroyed by the Celtic Iceni tribe, led by their queen, Boudica. Soon rebuilt, by the 2nd century AD Londinium was the capital of Roman Britain and its largest city. Around 200 AD, the London Wall was erected to defend the city. The wall stretched for two miles around the ancient City, from Tower Hill in the East to Blackfriars Station in the West. Isolated Roman period remains and traces of the wall are still to be seen within the City of London (now known as the Square Mile). After the end of Roman rule in 410, London experienced a gradual revival under the Anglo-Saxons. A coalition of Angles, Saxons and Jutes from Northern Europe , the Anglo-Saxons ruled in Britain for 500 years until the Norman invasion of 1066. The early Anglo-Saxon trading settlement of Lundenwic was established a mile away from Londinium. London’s British Museum houses the largest collection of Anglo-Saxon artifacts in the world. From the late 8th century, Viking raids were common in Britain. In 871 London was seized by the Danish Norsemen, until it was reclaimed for Britain by King Alfred the Great of Wessex in 886. In 1016 the Danish king Cnut gained control of London and all of England. Westminster Abbey was completed in 1065 during the reign of his stepson Edward the Confessor. Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, the paramount political status of London was confirmed when William the Conqueror was crowned King of England in Westminster. The Normans built fortifications throughout Britain and the Tower of London in particular confirmed their dominance over the existing population. After the Norman Conquest London emerged as a great trading city and with the rise of England to first European then global prominence, London became a great centre of culture, government and industry. During the 12th and 13th centuries it gradually replaced Winchester as the royal capital of England . There have been several plagues in London, notably The Black Death (1348 – 1350) and the Great Plague (1664 – 1666). The plague was followed by the Great Fire of London in 1666 after which the city was largely rebuilt. Georgian London (1714 – 1830) saw the erection of fine Georgian architecture, particularly housing (for example, 10 Downing Street) as the population greatly increased. London's long association with the theatre flourished during the English Renaissance (late 15th to early 17th C). From 1576 indoor and outdoor theatres began to appear in London. The Rose Theatre was built in 1587 in the reign of Elizabeth 1st and was the first purpose-built theatre to stage the plays of Shakespeare. The most famous outdoor theatre was the Globe, built in 1599 by The Lord Chamberlain’s Men. William Shakespeare was their resident playwright. Admission prices ranged from a penny standing charge to sixpence for the most desirable seats. There are currently over forty London theatres in the West End, in an area known as ‘Theatreland’. London’s Victoria and Albert Museum houses a permanent exhibition of the history of British theatre. Hampton Court Palace was built from 1515 to 1530 under the reign of Henry VIII with traditional Renaissance lines. English royal dynasties spanning a millennium have all added to the cultural richness of present day London, from medieval buildings like Westminster Abbey to royal London palaces like th

Which country is locked within Belgium, Germany and France?

EUROPA - Germany | European Union website, the official EU website European Union website, the official EU website Germany Overview:  With a landmass that stretches from the North Sea and the Baltic Sea in the north to the Alps in the south, Germany has the largest population of any EU country. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, France and Luxembourg to the southwest, and Belgium and the Netherlands to the northwest.  The most important sectors of Germany’s economy in 2015 were industry (25.9 %), public administration, defence, education, human health and social work activities (18.2 %) and wholesale and retail trade, transport, accommodation and food service activities (15.8 %). Germany’s main export partners are France, the US and the UK while its main import partners are the Netherlands, France and China. Capital:  Population as % of total EU:  16 % (2015) Seats in the European Parliament:  96 Euro. Member of the eurozone  since 1 January 1999 Schengen area member?:  Yes, Schengen Area member since 26 March 1995. Presidency of the Council:  Germany has held the revolving  presidency of the Council of the EU  11 times between 1958 and 2007. The next time will be in 2020. Read more:  Germany in the EU European Parliament European Parliament office in Germany Council of the EU In the Council of the EU , national ministers meet regularly to adopt EU laws and coordinate policies. Council meetings are regularly attended by representatives from the German government, depending on the policy area being addressed. Presidency of the Council of the EU The Council of the EU doesn't have a permanent, single-person president (like e.g. the Commission or Parliament). Instead, its work is led by the country holding the Council presidency, which rotates every 6 months. During these 6 months, ministers from that country's government chair and help determine the agenda of Council meetings in each policy area, and facilitate dialogue with the other EU institutions. Dates of German presidencies: Jul-Dec 1958 | Jul-Dec 1961 | Jul-Dec 1964 | Jul-Dec 1967 | Jul-Dec 1970 | Jan-Jun 1974 | Jul-Dec 1978 | Jan-Jun 1983 | Jan-Jun 1988 | Jul-Dec 1994 | Jan-Jun 2007 | July-Dec 2020 More on the current presidency of the Council of the EU . European Commission The Commissioner nominated by Germany to the European Commission is Günther Oettinger , who is responsible for Budget and Human Resources. The Commission is represented in each EU country by a local office, called a "representation". Commission representation in Germany European Economic & Social Committee Germany has 24 representatives on the European Economic and Social Committee . This advisory body – representing employers, workers and other interest groups – is consulted on proposed laws, to get a better idea of the possible changes to work and social situations in member countries. Committee of the Regions Germany has 23 representatives on the Committee of the Regions , the EU's assembly of regional and local representatives. This advisory body is consulted on proposed laws, to ensure these laws take account of the perspective from each region of the EU. Permanent representation to the EU Germany also communicates with the EU institutions through its permanent representation in Brussels. As Germany's "embassy to the EU", its main task is to ensure that the country's interests and policies are pursued as effectively as possible in the EU. Budgets and Funding How much does Germany contribute and receive? Member countries' financial contributions to the EU budget are shared fairly, according to means. The larger your country's economy, the more it pays – and vice versa. The EU budget doesn't aim to redistribute wealth, but rather to focus on the needs of all Europeans as a whole.  Breakdown of Germany's finances with the EU in 2015:  Total EU spending in Germany – € 11.013 billion Total EU spending as % of German gross national income (GNI) – 0.36 % Total German contribution to the EU budget – € 24.283 billion

In which category did Marie Curie win her second Nobel Prize?

Marie Curie - Biographical Marie Curie The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie Share this: Marie Curie - Biographical Marie Curie, née Maria Sklodowska, was born in Warsaw on November 7, 1867, the daughter of a secondary-school teacher. She received a general education in local schools and some scientific training from her father. She became involved in a students' revolutionary organization and found it prudent to leave Warsaw, then in the part of Poland dominated by Russia, for Cracow, which at that time was under Austrian rule. In 1891, she went to Paris to continue her studies at the Sorbonne where she obtained Licenciateships in Physics and the Mathematical Sciences. She met Pierre Curie, Professor in the School of Physics in 1894 and in the following year they were married. She succeeded her husband as Head of the Physics Laboratory at the Sorbonne, gained her Doctor of Science degree in 1903, and following the tragic death of Pierre Curie in 1906, she took his place as Professor of General Physics in the Faculty of Sciences, the first time a woman had held this position. She was also appointed Director of the Curie Laboratory in the Radium Institute of the University of Paris, founded in 1914. See Also Article about the Curies Her early researches, together with her husband, were often performed under difficult conditions, laboratory arrangements were poor and both had to undertake much teaching to earn a livelihood. The discovery of radioactivity by Henri Becquerel in 1896 inspired the Curies in their brilliant researches and analyses which led to the isolation of polonium, named after the country of Marie's birth, and radium. Mme. Curie developed methods for the separation of radium from radioactive residues in sufficient quantities to allow for its characterization and the careful study of its properties, therapeutic properties in particular. Mme. Curie throughout her life actively promoted the use of radium to alleviate suffering and during World War I, assisted by her daughter, Irene, she personally devoted herself to this remedial work. She retained her enthusiasm for science throughout her life and did much to establish a radioactivity laboratory in her native city - in 1929 President Hoover of the United States presented her with a gift of $ 50,000, donated by American friends of science, to purchase radium for use in the laboratory in Warsaw. Mme. Curie, quiet, dignified and unassuming, was held in high esteem and admiration by scientists throughout the world. She was a member of the Conseil du Physique Solvay from 1911 until her death and since 1922 she had been a member of the Committee of Intellectual Co-operation of the League of Nations. Her work is recorded in numerous papers in scientific journals and she is the author of Recherches sur les Substances Radioactives (1904), L'Isotopie et les Éléments Isotopes and the classic Traité' de Radioactivité (1910). The importance of Mme. Curie's work is reflected in the numerous awards bestowed on her. She received many honorary science, medicine and law degrees and honorary memberships of learned societies throughout the world. Together with her husband, she was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903, for their study into the spontaneous radiation discovered by Becquerel, who was awarded the other half of the Prize. In 1911 she received a second Nobel Prize, this time in Chemistry , in recognition of her work in radioactivity. She also received, jointly with her husband, the Davy Medal of the Royal Society in 1903 and, in 1921, President Harding of the United States, on behalf of the women of America, presented her with one gram of radium in recognition of her service to science. For further details, cf. Biography of Pierre Curie . Mme. Curie died in Savoy, France, after a short illness, on July 4, 1934. From Nobel Lectures , Physics 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967 This auto

What is the largest inland port in Europe?

International Port Cities International Port Cities International Port Cities The Word's Busiest Ports Cranes and containers are seen at the Port of Shanghai, the world's busiest port based on container weight.  Kim Steele/Getty Images By  Jordan R. Fisher, Geography Intern Ports Linking International Cities Our international trade system is composed of a multitude of developments and processes that work harmoniously to create and support a global economy. The international trade system functions in many ways like the human body, where organs operate in their unique ways to support the growth of a healthy human individual. In many ways, globalization represents a long period of growth and development in the human body. Thus, each country represents one of our body's vital organs and specializes in producing or manufacturing useful goods to be exported and imported abroad. Exports and imports travel down navigable shipping routes that act as the veins that connect our world's countries. These "shipping veins" are connected by large port cities that act like the human heart to pump goods, capital, and services throughout each country. We will focus below on how port cities operate throughout the world as a main function to their geographies of place. continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance The United States' Ports and Port Cities The United States is one particular country whose large landmass, or size, makes it difficult to transport goods far and wide in an efficient manner. For comparison, the United Kingdom is approximately the size of the state of Oregon and Japan is approximately the size of the state of California. The size of the United States, combined with its amount of production and demand of imported goods, creates the need for multiple, large ports. According to the American Association of Port Authorities, or AAPA, the largest port in the United States, by cargo weight, is the Port of South Louisiana. Also the largest port in the western hemisphere, the Port of South Louisiana sits on the mouth of the Mississippi River and incorporates both port cities of New Orleans and Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The significance of the port city of New Orleans made it the third largest United States city in 1840, behind New York and Baltimore, during the early growth of international and domestic shipping trade. The current size of the port of South Louisiana is unique because it covers two port cities on the Mississippi River , which travels over 2500 miles before ending just before the border of the country of Canada. Today, the port cities of New Orleans and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, are oddly nowhere near the United State's most populated cities, unlike other countries whose port cities generally serve as their larger metropolises. The port of Houston and the port of New York City rank as the United States second and third largest ports, respectively. Houston and New York City also rank high relative to their population size, such that the port city of Houston is the fourth largest city in the United States and New York City is the most populated city in the U.S. We can see that the amount of trade throughout ports does not necessarily relate to the size of the port cities. This is because port cities are often sprawling industrialized areas where manufacturing and transportation takes place. However, most port cities such as Houston, Texas, usually extend far way from their actual port's piers and into the hinterlands that they serve. A portion of a large populated port city, near the docks or shore, usually harbors the city's industrial or manufacturing area while business and service areas are located elsewhere in near vicinity. The Panama Canal is a shipping route currently maintained by the Panama Government and once owned and operated by the United States, France, and Columbia. The Panama Canal is quite single-handedly the most prolific linkage between man's construction and the world's inherent geography. The canal is a tremendous contributing factor to globalization and the rise of int

Which company manufactured the first car to run on diesel?

View Other Buying Guides Top Recommended Diesels Modern diesel vehicles are cleaner, quieter and more fuel-efficient than ever, so clear your mind of whatever prejudice you might have. Diesel power is all about great fuel economy, and unlike hybrid power it delivers on the highway as well as city streets. Super low-speed torque also makes the diesel very drivable around town. Today's turbocharged diesel engines also burn cleanly, with many models employing a urea injection system that purifies the exhaust stream. What's more, diesel clatter and vibration are largely a thing of the past. The combination of clean-burning low-sulfur fuel, improved control of particulate emissions and refined performance has made the diesel engine popular again in a wide range of vehicles, although our recommended choices pertain only to cars and SUVs. While the Volkswagen Golf TDI is one of the best-selling cars in Europe, it hasn't yet taken U.S. buyers by storm. Part of the reason is its price, since the TDI is the top trim for the Golf. Still, we feel that the car is worth it because it offers a well-rounded package that few cars in its class can match. The Golf has the premium interior of a more upscale vehicle, is easy to load cargo in thanks to its hatchback, has a sporty suspension and is still capable of up to 42 mpg on the highway. The Volkswagen Passat TDI offers the same engine/transmission combination as the Golf TDI, but in a roomier midsize sedan body. The Passat earned top honors in our last 40 MPG Challenge , when it surpassed its own EPA numbers in real-world driving conditions. It is an excellent alternative to the Toyota Camry Hybrid or the Ford Fusion Hybrid . The BMW X5 xDrive35d proves that if you need to drive an SUV, the smarter engine choice is the diesel. This engine puts out more torque and gets better fuel economy than its gasoline counterpart. And while the Mercedes-Benz ML350 Bluetec is a bit more fuel-efficient, we feel that the X5 diesel has sharper handling and is more fun to drive. Diesel engines were once thought to be exclusively for trucks, yet there's nothing trucklike about the X5 and its turbodiesel inline-6. Top Recommended

"In 1939 who described the actions of Russia as ""a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma?"""

A Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside an Enigma - TV Tropes A Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside an Enigma You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share A Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside an Enigma × — The Riddler, The Long Halloween A Stock Phrase typically used to describe something that is immensely puzzling to figure out or extraordinarily complex to fully understand, often relying on hyperbole and, occasionally, sarcasm. The phrase is often open to great interpretation and variation. Its three distinct-yet-related nouns allow for a variety of setups and gags related to The Triple and dependent on the Rule of Three . Frequently, the last item of the phrase is changed to something completely different and irrelevant to mystery for Rule of Funny , and the exact order of what's wrapped and inside what varies with almost every separate occasion the phrase is evoked. Sometimes, one of the three parts may be dropped for gags and line deliveries that require a faster pacing; conversely, additional clauses can be added for greater exaggeration . The trope name originates from a statement made by Sir Winston Churchill in 1939 about what role The Soviet Union might play in World War II : "I cannot forecast to you the action of Russia. It is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma, but perhaps there is a key. That key is Russian national interest." Not to be confused with Riddle for the Ages . Examples     open/close all folders      American Newspapers  An article from January 2008 in The New York Times that explains why fortune cookies are absent from Chinese restaurants in China was titled "Solving a Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside a Cookie."     Fanfic  At one point in the Homestuck fanfic Moirallegiance Is Science, Vriska is described in this manner. You're complicated. You're like a puzzle, wrapped in a mystery, sealed with obscurity, and shipped through the WTF postal service. That's just the package you come in .''     Films — Animated  In Monsters vs. Aliens , General Monger refers to the top-secret prison Susan is taken to as "an X-File, wrapped in a cover-up, and deep-fried in paranoid conspiracy."     Films — Live-Action  In Oliver Stone's film JFK , David Ferrie refers to the Kennedy Assassination as "a mystery wrapped in a riddle inside an enigma" when trying to convince Jim Garrison to drop his investigation during a paranoia-fueled rant. In Holy Flying Circus , the character Alan Dick uses the phrase "he's a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside a shit" to describe Malcolm Muggeridge's unpredictability.     Literature  From Tiassa , two guardsmen conversing, as rendered by Paarfi of Roundwood: "An Easterner with an Imperial Title!" "Well," said Nill, "this is an enigma wrapped in, ah..." "Another enigma?" "Precisely." In Heat Rises, Jameson Rook claims "What can I say? I'm an enigma inside a conundrum inside a condom." Used by Verin Sedai in The Wheel of Time (namely, in The Dragon Reborn): "Name hidden within name shrouded by name. Secret buried within secret cloaked by secret."     Live-Action TV  In one episode of Seinfeld , Elaine and Jerry get into a discussion about the nature of Newman. Elaine: Maybe he's an enigma—a mystery wrapped in a riddle. Jerry: He's a mystery wrapped in a Twinkie. The Star Trek: Voyager episode "Riddles" sees The Doctor refer to the Vulcan brain as "a puzzle wrapped inside an enigma housed inside a cranium." In the Supernatural episode "Free To Be You And Me," when Sam takes a 10-Minute Retirement and tries to live a "normal" life, a girl curious to learn about Sam's past but at a loss of words to describe his peculiarity gives Sam the opportunity to quip that he's "a riddle wrapped inside an enigma wrapped inside a taco." On Everybody Loves Raymond , Robert once described himself as "an enigma wrapped in a mystery." Ray promptly replied that Robert was more of "an idiot wrapped in a moron." On Eureka , when the characters are trying to shut down an extremely powerful Death Ray Doomsday Device in the episode "Dr. Nobel," Henry calls the weapon

Who was Hitler's Prime Minister in Prussia?

Who was Hitler's Prime Minister in Prussia? View the step-by-step solution to: Who was Hitler's Prime Minister in Prussia? This question was answered on May 24, 2016. View the Answer Who was Hitler's Prime Minister in Prussia? ....................................................................... broadmind720 posted a question · May 24, 2016 at 12:12am Top Answer josewriter23 answered the question · May 24, 2016 at 12:13am Other Answers Attached is a detailed explanation... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29703067) ]} The best way to approach your question... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29703071) ]} The best way to approach your question... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29703087) ]} The way to approach this... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29703096) ]} MrSolution answered the question · May 24, 2016 at 12:15am Hermann Wilhelm Göring ( 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and leading member... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29703183) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions Need an US History tutor? mathtutor1983 2 US History experts found online! Average reply time is less than an hour Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. - Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! - Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!

Vehicles from which country use the international registration letter L?

Vehicle documents required for international road haulage - GOV.UK GOV.UK Vehicle documents required for international road haulage From: Vehicle documents drivers need to legally cross international borders in a UK-registered vehicle. Contents Further Information When you drive a goods vehicle from one country to another, you must make sure that you have certain documents on board. This guide provides information about the documents you will need as a driver to make sure that your vehicle is legally able to cross international borders. Vehicle registration documents If you take a UK-registered vehicle out of the country for less than 12 months, you must take documentation to show that you are authorised to possess the vehicle. This means you must carry the original Vehicle Registration Certificate (V5C) with you. If you have not received the V5C certificate, or the original has been lost, stolen or defaced, you can download the application for a vehicle registration certificate (V62) . If you take your vehicle out of the UK for more than 12 months (permanent export), you must notify the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency ( DVLA ) by completing the purple section, part 11 (V5C/4) of the VC5. It’s important that you take your registration certificate with you as you may have to hand it to the relevant authority when the vehicle is registered abroad. Read about taking a vehicle out of the UK permanently or temporarily . If your vehicle is hired or leased, the supplier company is unlikely to let you have the original VC5. Instead you can apply for a Vehicle on Hire Certificate (VE103). This certificate is authenticated proof of permission from the owner to take the vehicle abroad. A Vehicle on Hire Certificate is valid for one year and you can buy one from motoring organisations such as: Automobile Association (AA) Road Haulage Association Vehicle insurance documents The basic EU legal requirement is third party vehicle insurance. This covers injury to other people, including your passengers, damage to or loss of other peoples’ property resulting from an accident caused by you. It doesn’t cover any costs incurred by you as a result of an accident. Third party, fire and theft provides the same cover as third party but also includes fire damage and theft of the vehicle. Fully comprehensive provides the same cover as third party, fire and theft and additionally covers any damage to your vehicle. Every motor insurance policy issued in the EU must provide the minimum insurance cover required by law in any other EU country. Green Card In many countries, even those within the EU where a UK insurance certificate is acceptable, you may be asked to produce a Green Card. The Green Card is not an insurance cover. It simply provides proof, in those countries where the Green Card is valid, that the minimum third party liability cover required by law in the visited country is in force. If your insurers aren’t able to issue a Green Card, you can find alternative suppliers on the MIB website . The MIB operates the Green Card system in the UK. Insurance for goods in transit In some countries, you may need to produce a certificate of insurance for the goods carried to avoid paying a premium. See the guide on moving goods by road . It’s also important to ensure that the risk of goods being damaged, delayed, perished, lost or stolen in transit is properly managed. See the guide on transport insurance . Goods vehicle operator’s licence To transport goods abroad in an HGV for hire or reward you must have a standard international operators licence. This allows you to carry goods both in the UK and on international journeys. The licence comes into force once the fee has been paid and the licence documents are issued. Providing the 5 yearly renewal fee is paid and there are no infringements, the licence lasts indefinitely. Identity discs are also issued and must be displayed in each specified motor vehicle. The identity discs show the: operator’s name type of licence Community licences A valid Community Licence is required for all hire or reward op

Where in England is the location of the Glastonbury Festival?

Glastonbury Festival 2017 in Pilton, United Kingdom | Everfest Location Worthy Farm Summer’s arrival is celebrated in small ways around the world, but at the Glastonbury festival , the solstice gets a grand welcome. This music festival has a lineup of some of the world’s most talented artists, from up-and-comers to mega stars, and the crowd is composed of everyone from hippies to hipsters. Pack your rain boots, pitch a tent, and get ready for one of the muddiest, most musical weekends of your life. Glastonbury Festival - A Star is Born What happens when you take a farmer, 14 of his closest friends, the magic of Led Zeppelin and throw them all together? You get the Pilton Festival , the original Glastonbury. Organized by Michael Eavis after he saw the aforementioned band at the Bath Music Festival, the Pilton couldn’t have kicked off on a more auspicious day—September 19, 1970, 2 days after the death of Jimi Hendrix. Modeled after the hippie idealism of festivals like Woodstock and Isle of Wight, the Pilton drew 1,500 attendees and a diverse array of acts including glam rock legend T. Rex. You could say the festival started organically; Eavis paid the bands in installments from his dairy farm’s milk sales. Glastonbury festival has grown since then, and every year on the weekend closest to the summer solstice, as many as 150,000 people create something akin to a small town amidst undeveloped land and dairy farms. Think Coachella , only with more feel-good camaraderie. The festival might be volunteer-run, but it’s organized as strictly as any other major festival and raises millions of dollars for charity. Caught in the Acts At its core, Glastonbury is a music festival, and there’s quite a bit to check out. You’ll catch lineups with big-banner acts like Bob Dylan, David Bowie, Stevie Wonder, and Beyoncé, but don’t miss the chance to discover the next big thing (this is where The Smiths wowed the audience in 1984, catapulting them to fame). The Dance, Other, and Pyramid stages are the most popular; the festival says they’re “like London’s party-going West End on a Saturday night.” Music might be the focus, but there’s a lot more going on in these 900 idyllic countryside acres than just concerts. Revelers can pray at sunrise around a stone circle in a verdant meadow at the Sacred Space, which might be something you’d never do back home, but here it can be a gloriously powerful experience. In Lost Vagueness, you can participate in a mass marriage inside the Chapel of Loathe, or don period clothing before setting off to the Slip Roller Disco or Lost Luck Casino. On the mellower side, check out Jazzworld and the Acoustic stage. The level of production is also worth mentioning. Besides the huge stages with their immense sound and lighting, there are also areas such as Block 9 - specially built by talented teams of creatives to make the whole experience even more immersive and unforgettable. For instance, one of the stages is located inside the facade of a British tower block, which has a London tube train smashed into its front. Insane. Pitch a Tent at Glastonbury Glastonbury is a camping trip for most, and with England’s wet summers, things can get a little muddy. Look at the weather forecast and bring rain gear just in case. If you’re pitching a tent, arrive early so you have options. The best spots are on the uphill side (rain flows downhill, obviously). If you want to be in the middle of things, set up near the Pyramid stage. If you’re looking for a little more tranquility, head south toward the Green Fields. And, don’t forget to mark your camp somehow (lights or a flag work well); when you’ve had a couple drinks, danced all night and it’s dark out, it could mean the difference between sleeping in your tent or on a random patch of grass. The good news about the festival is that it offers something for everyone. The bad news is that it sells out fast. Just try to make sure you're on the ball with this one as it really is not to be missed. This festival page has not been verified. If you are the organizer, verify it here. Everf

The Channel Islands are in which Channel?

Channel Islands National Park (U.S. National Park Service) Contact Us Close to the California Mainland...Yet Worlds Apart Channel Islands National Park encompasses five remarkable islands and their ocean environment, preserving and protecting a wealth of natural and cultural resources. Isolation over thousands of years has created unique animals, plants, and archeological resources found nowhere else on Earth and helped preserve a place where visitors can experience coastal southern California as it once was. Read More

The French region of Grasse is famous for making what?

Grasse France travel and tourism, attractions and sightseeing and Grasse reviews PHOTO GALLERY MAP & PLACES TO VISIT Grasse is situated 16 km north of Cannes in southern Provence. The town was originally best known as a centre for leather tanners, but this gave way to perfume production, for which the town is still famous today. There is an International Museum of Perfume here and four important perfume producers are still based in the town and can be visited. But there is much more to Grasse than perfume... Explore Grasse Grasse is a pleasant and quite a sizable town, with the old town and the region around Place aux Aires a good place to start your visit. The old town is the highlight in Grasse and has numerous ancient buildings and a great deal of character - it is very much a traditional Provencal town despite being such a popular tourist destination,and the old town is one of the most extensive in Provence, not unlike the old town in Nice . Many of the tall narrow houses are painted in pastel orange colours to brighten the narrow streets, and there are numerous shops, cafes and restaurants in the open squares that you will discover as you explore. One slightly curious feature to Grasse - while the town centre is impeccable, if you wander 100 metres off the well-trodden tourist path you find yourself in a different environment, much more 'down to earth' with original 'unpainted' houses along alleys with washing hanging out to dry - a different experience altogether to the 'tourist centre'. It is true that you will also come across rather more run-down areas in the old town and some of the streets are, if not intimidating then at least sufficient to make you think you are in a genuine old town rather than a tourist destination! Among the places of particular historical importance in Grasse are: - the 12th century Cathedral Notre-Dame-de-Puy is worth a visit. It is the most important historical monument in Grasse and dominated by a tall square belltower added in the 18th century. The cathedral also contains three paintings by Rubens. - adjacent to the cathedral is the town hall - don't miss the interior courtyard, with its decorative fountain, and the view across the town centre, while behind the cathedral there are open views north across the surrounding hills - the stone square tower close to here is the Sarrasin tower and was originally the watchtower for Grasse A daily market is held in the main arcaded square in the center of Grasse. There are two Grasse tourist offices but neither is in the old town - both are on the broad boulevard that runs along the north-west side of the historical centre, one near the Palais de Congress and the other a few hundred metres along the same road (remember I told you, otherwise they are hard to find - without the map from the tourist office...!) Unfortunately the map the tourist office  provide is also missing many street and place names and largely incomprehensible because the writing is too small to read...but it does include information about where to find some of the more interesting little highlights so still worth getting hold of. Museums As well as the popular Museum of Perfume there is also a museum celebrating Art in Provence, and others dedicated to Marine activities and the Fragonard perfume company. Grasse Perfume Grasse has had a prospering perfume industry since the end of the 18th century - Grasse is the center of the French perfume industry and is known as the world's perfume capital (la capitale mondiale des parfums). It produces over two-thirds of France's natural aromas (for perfume and for food flavourings). This industry turns over more than 600 million euros a year. Grasse's particular microclimate encouraged the flower farming industry. It is warm and far enough inland to be sheltered from the sea air. There is an abundance of water thanks to its situation in the hills, and the 1860 construction of the Siagne canal for irrigation purposes. The town is 350 m above sea level and 20 km from the Coast (Côte d'Azur). Jasmine, a key ingredient of many perfumes, wa

Which was the last country in mainland Europe to switch from driving on the left?

BBC NEWS | UK | Magazine | Could the UK drive on the right? Could the UK drive on the right? By Tom Geoghegan BBC News Magazine Motorists in Samoa have switched the side of the road they drive on, overnight. It's a move that Britain has considered - but how would it work? It's the kind of interview question that has reduced confident job seekers to quivering wrecks. Imagine you are the minister in charge of the UK's roads and you have to switch the country to driving on the right-hand side. How would you do it? A study of Samoa, in the South Pacific, this week might offer some clues. The country is experiencing its first day of driving on the left on Monday, the start of a special two-day bank holiday to ease Samoans into the new regime. WHY THE RIGHT/LEFT SPLIT? In the pre-industrial era, horses kept to the left so riders could draw their sword Napoleon changed Europe to the right The US followed France See which countries drive where What if the UK were to follow? Driving on the right would make trips to the European mainland easier, when taking or hiring a car. And cars with steering wheels on the left could be cheaper. The idea is not as fanciful as it sounds. Although the Department for Transport says it has no plans to change, it did examine such a plan in the late 1960s, two years after Sweden successfully switched to driving on the right. Its report rejected the idea on grounds of safety and costs. But that was before Britain's entry into the European Union and the opening of the Channel Tunnel, which for the first time established a land link between Britain and the Continent. So, if the UK was to think again about a switch, what would be the key issues? SIGNS & JUNCTIONS Road markings and roadside signs would have to be switched to the other side of the road, but ready in advance of the day of change, in a huge logistical exercise. One-way streets would have to be reconfigured and traffic lights with filters changed, says Paul Watters of the AA. To get an idea of the cost, changing signs from miles to kilometres alone was estimated at £750m, he adds. Japan is also left-hand side The biggest engineering issue would be highway building, says Benjamin Heydecker of the Centre for Transport Studies at University College London. About one in 10 motorway junctions is asymmetric or incomplete, so would need to be dug up and rebuilt. "Motorway signs would have to be turned round and repositioned, so approaches to junctions would not be in the same place." Accident blackspots would all need looking at too, because the signs there are site-specific and so would need to change. ADJUSTING SLIP ROADS "Entrance and exits to motorways are not symmetrical either, so there would be consequences there too," says Mr Heydecker. Slip roads that were deceleration lanes would suddenly be used for accelerating, so their lengths would need to be extended; and vice versa. EDUCATING DRIVERS Although many motorists would be used to driving on the right - thanks to trips abroad - a comprehensive retraining programme would be needed, according to Mr Heydecker. Particular emphasis would be put on negotiating roundabouts (which would run anti-clockwise) and left-hand turns, which would require cutting across oncoming traffic. After years of driving, habits are well entrenched and it might take more than a few lessons to get used to the new arrangements. But where could "learners" practise, before the switch? CAR STEERING WHEELS & BUS DOORS Making life even harder for motorists is the fixed right-hand driver's position of cars sold in the UK - suddenly drivers would find themselves further away from the centre of the road. Over time British drivers would buy cars with left-hand steering, so they would be changing gears with their right hands. The global manufacturing of cars would be simplified if all countries were to opt for left-hand steering, says Mr Heydecker. "If cars were all manufactured the same way, it would reduce the cost of design and improve the quality of vehicles." Public service vehicles like buses would also have to undergo a

By the end of the 80s, what percentage of British households had two cars?

Life in the 20th Century DAILY LIFE IN BRITAIN IN THE 20TH CENTURY By Tim Lambert There were two sides to the 20th century. On the one hand there were severe recessions in the early 1930s and in the 1980s and 1990s. There were also two terrible world wars. On the other hand there was a vast improvement in the standard of living of ordinary people. Life expectancy also rose. In 1900 in Britain it was about 47 for a man and 50 for a woman. By the end of the century it was about 75 and 80. Life was also greatly improved by new inventions. Even during the depression of the 1930s things improved for most of the people who had a job. Real incomes rose significantly during the decade. The same was true of the 1980s. Society in 20th Century Britain British society changed greatly during the 20th century. In 1914 only about 20% of the population was middle class. By 1939 the figure was about 30%. In the late 20th century the number of 'blue collar' or manual workers declined rapidly but the number of 'white collar' workers in offices and service industries increased rapidly. In the 1950s large numbers of West Indians arrived in Britain. Also from the 1950s many Asians came. In the late 20th century Britain became a multi-cultural society. There was another change in British society. In the late 20th century divorce and single parent families became much more common. Also, in the 1950s young people had significant disposable income for the first time. A distinct 'youth culture' emerged, first with teddy boys, then in the 1960s with mods and rockers and in the late 1970s with punks and also with rock music. A revolution in music was led by Elvis Presley and Bill Hayley. The history of English society Women in the 20th Century In 1918 in Britain women over 30 were allowed to vote. More occupations were opened to women during the 20th century. The first policewomen in Britain went on duty in 1914. The 1919 Sex Disqualification Removal Act allowed women to become lawyers, vets and civil servants. (The first female solicitor was Carrie Morrison in 1922). Also in 1922 Irene Barclay became the first female chartered surveyor. Nevertheless in the early 20th century it was unusual for married women to work (except in wartime). However in the 1950s and 1960s it became common for them to do so - at least part-time. New technology in the home made it easier for women to do paid work. Before the 20th century housework was so time consuming married women did not have time to work. Manufacturing became less important and service industries grew creating more opportunities for women. In 1970 the law was changed so women had to be paid the same wages as men. In 1973 women were admitted to the stock exchange. From 1975 it was made illegal to sack women for becoming pregnant. Also in 1975 the Sex Discrimination Act made it illegal to discriminate against women in employment, education and training. In 1984 a new law stated that equal pay must be given for work of equal value. Work and Industry in 20th Century Britain In the years 1900-1914 the British economy was stable and unemployment was quite low. However during the 1920s there was mass unemployment. For most of the decade it hovered between 10% and 12%. Then, in the early 1930s, the British economy was struck by depression. By the start of 1933 unemployment among insured workers was 22.8%. However unemployment fell substantially in 1933, 1934 and 1935. By January 1936 it stood at 13.9%. Unemployment continued to fall and by 1938 it was around 10%. However although a partial recovery took place in the mid and late 1930s there were semi-permanent depression areas in the North of England, Scotland and South Wales. On the other hand new industries such as car and aircraft making and electronics prospered in the Midlands and the South of England where unemployment was relatively low. The problems of depression and high unemployment were only really solved by the Second World War, which started industry booming again. Unemployment remained very low in the late 1940s and the 1950s and 1960s were a lon

In which year did Britain's lease on Hong Kong officially expire?

In which year did Britain's lease on Hong Kong officially expire? View the step-by-step solution to: In which year did Britain's lease on Hong Kong officially expire? This question was answered on May 23, 2016. View the Answer In which year did Britain's lease on Hong Kong officially expire? masfatjr265 posted a question · May 23, 2016 at 11:34pm Top Answer Attached is a detailed explanation... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29702539) ]} josewriter23 answered the question · May 23, 2016 at 11:34pm Other Answers Here is the answer... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29702534) ]} Here is the solution... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29702597) ]} brainetom answered the question · May 23, 2016 at 11:38pm August 1997. Hong Kong consists of Hong Kong Island (ceded by China to Britain in 1842), the... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29702692) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions which year did the united states of america gain its independence? Recently Asked Questions Need an US History tutor? Ntidai5 8 US History experts found online! Average reply time is 1 min Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. 890,990,898 Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! 890,990,898 Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!

Which Norwegian explorer did Robert Feary beat to the North Pole?

Which Norwegian explorer did Robert Feary beat to the North Pole? View the step-by-step solution to: Which Norwegian explorer did Robert Feary beat to the North Pole? This question was answered on May 23, 2016. View the Answer Which Norwegian explorer did Robert Feary beat to the North Pole? yemen67 posted a question · May 23, 2016 at 11:31pm Top Answer Here is the answer... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29702502) ]} josewriter23 answered the question · May 23, 2016 at 11:32pm Other Answers Here is a detailed explanation... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29702499) ]} Here is a detailed explanation... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29702515) ]} {[ getNetScore(29702519) ]} brainetom answered the question · May 23, 2016 at 11:33pm Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen ( 16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29702733) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions Need an Ancient History tutor? brightkesenwa 50 Ancient History experts found online! Average reply time is 1 min Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. - Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! - Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!

"""A bridge too far"" referred to airborne landings in which country?"

A bridge too far | History Extra Directory A bridge too far On the 65th anniversary of Operation Market Garden Rob Attar looks back at this daring attempt to bring the Second World War to an early end in the Netherlands Sunday 25th October 2009 BBC History Magazine - 5 issues for £5 A young Dutch girl looked up at the sky on the afternoon of Sunday 17 September 1944 and exclaimed in surprise, “Jesus is throwing people out of heaven!” What she was in fact witnessing was one of the parachute drops that kicked off Operation Market Garden, an audacious and ultimately disastrous Allied plan to smash through the German defences in the Netherlands and win the war by Christmas. Having exceeded their expectations for the campaigns in Normandy and liberated Paris, the Allies were keen to finish off Nazi Germany as quickly as possible. Supreme Allied Commander Dwight Eisenhower favoured a broad assault but Field Marshal Montgomery proposed a more nimble thrust through the Netherlands that would enable Allied forces to bypass much of the defensive Siegfried Line and swing into Germany from the north. To achieve success in such an operation, the Allies would require not only to defeat any Germans in the area but also get across the Rhine and other waterways that criss-crossed the Dutch landscape. Montgomery’s ambitious solution was to drop thousands of Allied paratroopers dozens of miles behind enemy lines where they would secure the necessary bridges to allow a simultaneous ground attack to make progress. For the typically cautious Montgomery, it was an uncharacteristically bold idea and one that stunned US General Omar Bradley, who remarked after seeing the proposals: “If the teetotal Montgomery had wobbled into my headquarters reeking of whisky, I couldn’t have been more surprised.” For Montgomery however it offered an opportunity to get himself back into the forefront of the action and for this he was prepared to embark on a risky operation. Eisenhower was sufficiently convinced to allow Market Garden to take priority of supplies. The operation was hastily conceived, ready for execution in mid-September 1944, just over two months after D-Day. It was to be the biggest airborne assault of all time. For the Market half of the operation the American 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions would secure crossings close to the towns of Nijmegen and Eindhoven respectively. Meanwhile the 1st British Airborne Division would be dropped close to Arnhem where they would need to seize the town’s bridge at the furthest extent of the Allied push. The Garden half would involve a surge by the British XXX Corps along the road into the Netherlands to link up first with the American paratroopers and then finally with the British who should be holding the Arnhem bridge. After defeating the Germans in Normandy the Allies were in confident mood prior to the start of the operation. Corporal Bob Allen later recalled: “A little German armour was reputed to be refitting in the Arnhem area. But morale was sky high. Most of us were straining at the leash to get into battle.” Despite Allen’s bullishness, Operation Market Garden was by no means guaranteed to succeed. For such a daring plan to work virtually everything would have to go as planned. Dropping in on the Germans The American 101st Airborne under General Maxwell Taylor were responsible for the Eindhoven area. After landing they secured virtually all their objectives except for the bridge at Son, which was demolished before they could arrive, causing delays while a replacement was hastily erected. Their fellow Americans of the 82nd Airborne were commanded by the youthful General James Gavin. They initially made good progress but were barred from taking the vital road bridge at Nijmegen by strong German resistance. One of the problems was that the paratroopers had been dropped several miles from their targets in order to land them on safer, better ground. This meant that the Germans had extra time to react to the situation and deploy more effective counter-measures. The British 1st Airborne, led by Major Gene

Who founded the Cubism movement with Picasso?

Cubism Movement, Artists and Major Works | The Art Story Resources Quotes "Cubism is not a reality you can take in your hand. It's more like a perfume, in front of you, behind you, to the sides, the scent is everywhere but you don't quite know where it comes from." Pablo Picasso "The goal I proposed myself in making cubism? To paint and nothing more... with a method linked only to my thought.. Neither the good nor the true; neither the useful nor the useless." Pablo Picasso "What greatly attracted me - and it was the main line of advance of Cubism - was how to give material expression to this new space of which I had an inkling. So I began to paint chiefly still lifes, because in nature there is a tactile, I would almost say a manual space... that was the earliest Cubist painting - the quest for space." Georges Braque "If I have called Cubism a new order, it is without any revolutionary ideas or any reactionary ideas... One cannot escape from one's own epoch, however revolutionary one may be." Georges Braque "Cubism is moving around an object to seize several successive appearances, which fused in a single image, reconstitute it in time." Juan Gris "It was a tradition to represent a dancer frozen in a chosen position, like a snapshot. I broke away from this tradition by superimposing postures, blending light and motion and scrambling the planes." Sonia Delaunay "Enormous enlargements of an object or a fragment give it a personality it never had before, and in this way, it can become a vehicle of entirely new lyric and plastic power." Fernand Léger "Let the picture imitate nothing; let it nakedly present its raison d'etre." Jean Metzinger "Whether it is Juan Gris taking objects apart, Picasso replacing them with objects of his own invention, or another who replaces conical perspective by a system based on the relations between perpendiculars, all that only goes to show that Cubism was not at all born out of an authoritative theory [mot d'ordre]; that it only marked among a few painters the will to be finished with an art that never ought to have survived the condemnation pronounced upon it by Pascal." Jean Metzinger "Cubism was an attack on the perspective that had been known and used for 500 years. It was the first big, big change. It confused people: they said, 'Things don't look like that!'" David Hockney "He commenced the long struggle not to express what he could see but not to express the things he did not see, that is to say the things everybody is certain of seeing but which they do not really see." Gertrude Stein, on Picasso's early art "I have transformed myself in the zero of form and fished myself out of the rubbishy slough of Academic Art. I have destroyed the circle of the horizon and escaped from the circle of objects, the horizon-ring that has imprisoned the artist and the forms from nature. The square is not a subconscious form. It is the creation of intuitive reason. The face of the new art. The square is the living, royal infant. It is the first step of pure creation in art." Kazimir Malevich Like The Art Story on Facebook Beginnings A watershed moment for the development of Cubism was the posthumous retrospective of Paul Cézanne's work at the Salon d'Automne in 1907. Cézanne's use of generic forms to simplify nature was incredibly influential to both Picasso and Braque. In the previous year, Picasso was also introduced to non-Western art: seeing Iberian art in Spain, and African-influenced art by Matisse, and at the Trocadero anthropological museum. What drew Picasso to these artistic traditions was their use of an abstract or simplified representation of the human body rather than the naturalistic forms of the European Renaissance tradition. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The Breakthrough: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon These varying influences can be seen in Picasso's groundbreaking work of 1907, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, which is considered a work of proto or pre-Cubism. In its radical distortion of figures, its rendering of volumes

"What is the name shared by the currency units of ""Algeria and Tunisia?"

TND - Tunisian Dinar rates, news, and tools TND - Tunisian Dinar Tunisia, Dinar The Tunisian Dinar is the currency of Tunisia. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Tunisia Dinar exchange rate is the TND to EUR rate . The currency code for Dinars is TND. Below, you'll find Tunisian Dinar rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog , or take TND rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website.

Mount Toubkai is the highest peak of which range of mountains?

Trekking in Morocco Mt Toubkal 4167m is calling you! We will offer all you need to spend a perfect and a lifetime experience that you have never imagined. We are passionate about trekking in Morocco , and there is no better way to discover Atlas Mountains, its culture, and meet its people, than on foot! Whether you’re travelling in our small guided groups, alone or with friends, our hand picked programs ensure you’ll have an amazing trek! Come & Trekking in Morocco with us! One of the best trekking areas in Morocco is Toubkal region. As you know, Mt Toubkal is the highest peak in North Africa and in Morocco. It is not that far away from Marrakech city. It takes around 1h30 drive to Imlil valley which is the closer starting point of trekking tours towards this highest peak in Morocco. You would need at least 2 days so as to climb up Mt Toubkal, but this is possible if you are fit enough; otherwise it would be better to opt for the 3 days trek which will give enough time to acclimitize and relax after the climb! In addition to trekking in toubkal, you can do other outdoor activities such as mountain biking which can be done from 1 day trip up to 6 days mountain biking around the high atlas mountains and berber villages & valleys. Moreover, you can do ski touring in the high atlas mountains in winter time from end of December till March; we have off piste skiing tours from 2 days up to 6 days skiing in toubkal area. We have other outdoor activities such as horse riding & camel riding in high atlas mountains; we have days trips or long trips too! Another thing, Toubkal area is not the only region where we run our tours, but there are other nice places too such as Mt Mgoun, Mt Siroua, Mt Saghro, Sahara, and Imperial cities!   HIGH ATLAS MOUNTAINS Morocco Trekking Trekking through Atlas Mountains in Morocco. The High Atlas is one of three components of the chain of the Moroccan's Atlas. This marks a massive climatic border between the lands of the ocean and those of Moroccan desert , because beyond the High Atlas, the arid expanses of the Sahara begins. Highlight and emblematic site in the region, Jebel Toubkal peaks at over 4000 meters altitude, a visible peak from Marrakech! The High Atlas divides itself into various more or less ancient geological areas and landscapes of this region are as rich and varied between spectacular formation born of chaos reliefs to plateaus and valleys cultivated by the Berber population, who inhabited these places for thousands of years. The Moroccan Sahara is mainly made up of a big rocky plain, which runs from the feet of the Atlantis on the North/East almost to the Atlantic coast, south of Agadir. In Morocco, the desert moves smoothly, the Draa Valley or Wadi Ziz strung a string of villages and lush palm groves, before losing in the dunes of the erg (Chebbi or labidia), which lie at the foot highland last relief before Algeria.Even within the desert you can enjoy different landscapes: the dry, thorny plain where jackals and camels live, the Sahara desert: reign of scorpions and snakes or the northern oasis full of bustle and life. The choice is yours. Trekking in Morocco's sahara is a lifetime experience! A trip to the Sahara desert is definitely an experience everyone should do at least once in his life. The beauty of the desert, its contrasts, its colors, its silence, many memories you will never forget. You walk on foot in the desert with camels carrying your luggage and supplies , and a professional guide as well as a cook who prepares delicious food for your everyday. It is a marvellous experience, just give it a try! come & join us in trekking in morocco's desert in winter time!

Which South African politician won the Nobel peace Prize in 1960?

The Nobel Peace Prize 1960 - Presentation Speech Presentation Speech The Nobel Peace Prize 1960 Albert Lutuli Award Ceremony Speech Presentation Speech by Gunnar Jahn * , Chairman of the Nobel Committee This year the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament has awarded two Peace Prizes. The prize for 1960 goes to Albert John Lutuli, and the prize for 1961 is awarded posthumously to Dag Hammarskjöld. In many respects these two recipients differ widely. Albert John Lutuli's life and work have been molded by the pattern of the African tribal community and by the influence of Christianity, while Dag Hammarskjöld's were a product of Western culture. Lutuli's activities have been, and are, confined to his own country, while Dag Hammarskjöld worked in the international sphere. Yet despite these differences, they had one thing in common: both fought to implant the idea of justice in the individual, in the nation, and among the nations; or we might put it like this: they fought for the ideals expressed in the declaration of human rights embodied in the Charter of the United Nations. Albert John Lutuli was born in 1898. He comes from a long line of Zulu chiefs, but he was influenced by Christianity in his school days and in his later education, first in the American mission school he attended and afterwards during his training as a teacher. After passing his examination at Adams College in Natal, he became a faculty member of the college, where he taught, among other subjects, the history of the Zulu people. During his seventeen years as a teacher, he took no part in the political life of South Africa. In 1935 a great change took place in Lutuli's life when he was called to assume the functions of tribal chief. The choice of a chief must be approved by the state, which pays his salary. It was on the basis of this authority that the government was able to remove him in 1952. His seventeen years as a chief brought him daily contact with the individual members of the tribal community, as well as an active part in the work of the Christian church in South Africa, in India, and in the United States. Both as a teacher and later as a chief, Lutuli did outstanding work. He took his duties as chief very seriously and in doing so won the affection of his tribe. He endeavored to blend its ancient culture with the precepts of Christianity and to promote its economic welfare in various ways - for example, by introducing new methods of sugar production. Describing this period of his life, he tells us: "Previous to being a chief I was a school teacher for about seventeen years. In these past thirty years or so, I have striven with tremendous zeal and patience to work for the progress and welfare of my people and for their harmonious relations with other sections of our multiracial society in the Union of South Africa. In this effort I always pursued the path of moderation. Over this great length of time I have, year after year, gladly spent hours of my time with such organizations as the church and its various agencies, such as the Christian Council of South Africa, the Joint Council of Europeans and Africans, and the now defunct Native Representative Council." 1 But it was neither as a teacher, nor as a chief, nor as an active member of various Christian organizations that he took a focal position in what was to be his great effort in the post war years. The forces that induced Albert John Lutuli to abandon his tranquil educational activities and enter politics were unleashed by the increasing pressure which the ruling white race exerted on members of other races in South Africa. In 1944 he became a member of the African National Congress, an organization founded in 1912. In 1952 he was elected its president, an office he held until the Congress was banned in 1960. It is first and foremost for the work he carried on during these years - from the 1940s to the present - that we honor him today. To get some idea of Lutuli's achievem

"In which township were 69 demonstrators killed by South ""African police in March 1960?"

The 21 March 1960 Sharpeville Massacre The 21 March 1960 Sharpeville Massacre The 21 March 1960 Sharpeville Massacre The Origin of South Africa's Human Rights Day (Original Caption) 3/21/60-Vereeniging, South Africa: The bodies of dead and wounded lie in the street March 21st, after police opened fire on a crowd of stone-throwing South Africans. They were protesting a law that requires them to carry identification passes at all times.  Bettmann Archive / Getty Images By Alistair Boddy-Evans Updated August 21, 2016. On 21 March 1960 at least 180 black Africans were injured (there are claims of as many as 300) and 69 killed when South African police opened fire on approximately 300 demonstrators, who were protesting against the pass laws, at the township of Sharpeville , near Vereeniging in the Transvaal. In similar demonstrations at the police station in Vanderbijlpark , another person was shot. Later that day at Langa, a township outside Cape Town , police baton charged and fired tear gas at the gathered protesters, shooting three and injuring several others. The Sharpeville Massacre , as the event has become known, signaled the start of armed resistance in South Africa, and prompted worldwide condemnation of South Africa's Apartheid policies . Build-up to the Massacre On 13 May 1902 the treaty which ended the Anglo-Boer War was signed at Vereeniging; it signified a new era of cooperation between English and Afrikaner living in Southern Africa. By 1910, the two Afrikaner states of Orange River Colony (Oranje Vrij Staat) and Transvaal (Zuid Afrikaansche Republick) were joined with Cape Colony and Natal as the Union of South Africa. continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge The repression of black Africans became entrenched in the constitution of the new union (although perhaps not intentionally) and the foundations of Grand Apartheid were laid. After the Second World War the Herstigte ('Reformed' or 'Pure') National Party (HNP) came into power (by a slender majority, created through a coalition with the otherwise insignificant Afrikaner Party ) in 1948. Its members had been disaffected from the previous government, the United Party, in 1933, and had smarted at the government's accord with Britain during the war. Within a year the Mixed Marriages Act was instituted – the first of many segregationist laws devised to separate privileged white South Africans from the black African masses. By 1958, with the election of Hendrik Verwoerd , (white) South Africa was completely entrenched in the philosophy of Apartheid. There was opposition to the government's policies. The African National Congress (ANC) was working within the law against all forms of racial discrimination in South Africa. In 1956 had committed itself to a South Africa which "belongs to all." A peaceful demonstration in June that same year, at which the ANC (and other anti-Apartheid groups) approved the Freedom Charter , led to the arrest of 156 anti-Apartheid leaders and the 'Treason Trial' which lasted until 1961. By the late 1950s, some of ANCs members had become disillusioned with the 'peaceful' response. Known as 'Africanists' this select group was opposed to a multi-racial future for South Africa. The Africanists followed a philosophy that a racially assertive sense of nationalism was needed to mobilize the masses, and they advocated a strategy of mass action (boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience and non-cooperation). The Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) was formed in April 1959, with Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe as president. The PAC and ANC did not agree on policy, and it seemed unlikely in 1959 that they would co-operate in any manner. The ANC planned a campaign of demonstration against the pass laws to start at the beginning of April 1960. The PAC rushed ahead and announced a similar demonstration, to start ten days earlier, effectively hijacking the ANC campaign. The PAC called for "African males in every city and village... to leave their passes at home, join demonstrations and, if arrested, [to] offer no bail, no defence, [and] no

What is the former name of the People's Republic of Benin?

Benin - Republic of Benin - Country Profile - West Africa Location map of Benin   A virtual guide to Benin. The Republic of Benin is a from north to south long stretched country in West Africa , situated east of Togo and west of Nigeria , it is bordered to the north by Burkina Faso and Niger , in south by the the Bight of Benin, in the Gulf of Guinea, that part of the tropical North Atlantic Ocean which is roughly south of West Africa. Benin's coastline is just 121 km (75 mi) long. With an area of 112,622 km² the country is slightly larger than Bulgaria , or slightly smaller than the U.S. state Pennsylvania . Benin's former name, until 1975, was Dahomey. Porto-Novo , a port on an inlet of the Gulf of Guinea is the nations capital city, largest city and economic capital is Cotonou . Spoken languages are French (official), Fon and Yoruba.   Ethnic groups: 42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, and Bariba. Religions: Indigenous beliefs (animist) 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%. Languages : French (official), Fon and Yoruba in the south; Nagot, Bariba and Dendi in the north. Literacy: Total population 39%; men 53%, women 25%. Natural resources: Small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber. Agriculture products: Cotton, corn, cassava (tapioca), yams, beans, palm oil, peanuts, livestock (2001) Industries: Textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement (2001) Exports - commodities: cotton, cashews, shea butter, textiles, palm products, seafood Exports partners: India 24.2%, Gabon 14.6%, China 7.2%, Niger 6%, Bangladesh 5%, Nigeria 4.9%, Vietnam 4.2% (2015) Imports - commodities: foodstuffs, capital goods, petroleum products Imports partners: China 42.1%, US 8.9%, India 5.7%, Malaysia 4.8%, Thailand 4.3%, France 4% (2015) Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF) Note: External links will open in a new browser window. Official Sites of Benin

Which country is the home of the Ashanti?

Ashanti People Ashanti People select code Introduction The Ashanti live in central Ghana in western Africa [map of Ghana ] approximately 300km. away from the coast. The Ashanti are a major ethnic group of the Akans in Ghana, a fairly new nation, barely more than 50 years old. Ghana, previously the Gold Coast, was a British colony until 1957. It is now politically separated into four main parts. Ashanti is in the center and Kumasi is the capital. To the Ashanti, the family and the mother’s clan are most important. A child is said to inherit the father’s soul or spirit (ntoro) and from the mother a child receives flesh and blood (mogya). This relates them more closely to the mother’s clan. The Ashanti live in an extended family. The family lives in various homes or huts that are set up around a courtyard. The head of the household is usually the oldest brother that lives there. He is chosen by the elders. He is called either Father or Housefather and is obeyed by everyone. Boys are trained by their fathers at the age of eight and nine. They are taught a skill of the fathers' choice. The father is also responsible for paying for school. Boys are taught to use the talking drums by their mothers' brother. Talking drums are used for learning the Ashanti language and spreading news and are also used in ceremonies. The talking drums are important to the Ashanti and there are very important rituals involved in them. Girls are taught cooking and housekeeping skills by their mothers. They also work the fields and bring in necessary items, such as water, for the group. Marriage is very important to Ashanti communal life and it can be polygamous. Men may want more than one wife to express their willingness to be generous and support a large family. Women in the Ashanti culture will not marry without the consent of their parents. Many women do not meet their husbands until they are married. Even so, divorce is very rare in the Ashanti culture and it is a duty of parents on both sides to keep a marriage going. The government of Ashanti is shaped like a pyramid. There is one king and he heads the Ashanti Confederacy Council, a group made of paramount chiefs. A paramount chief presides over district chiefs. A district chief presides over a District Council of Elders, which is made up of subchiefs. Villages are brought together by a subchief. Within every village there is a village head council made up of all the heads of households The Ashanti religion is a mixture of spiritual and supernatural powers. They believe that plants, animals, and trees have souls. They also believe in fairies, witches, and forest monsters. There are a variety of religious beliefs involving ancestors, higher gods, or abosom, and ‘Nyame’, the Supreme Being of Ashanti. The Ashanti also practice many rites for marriage, death, puberty, and birth. The golden stool is sacred to the Ashanti. There is an elaborate legend surrounding it that is told by the old men of Ashanti. The golden stool is very carefully protected. No one has ever sat on it and since its arrival, it has not touched the ground. As an Ashanti symbol, the golden stool represents the worship of ancestors, well-being, and the nation of Ashanti. The Ashanti have a wide variety of arts. Bark cloth was used for clothing before weaving was introduced. With weaving, there is cotton and silk. Women may pick cotton or spin materials into thread, but only men are allowed to weave. There are different patterns in weaving, each with its own name. Sometimes the pattern represents social status, a clan, a saying, or the sex of the one wearing it. Patterns are not always woven in the cloth. It can also be stamped on in many designs. Pottery is a skill that is taught to a daughter by the mother. There are many stages to making pots and there are many colors of clay available. The Ashanti also do woodcarving and metal casting. Written By: April West

Where did Idi Amin rule from 1971 -1979?

How did Idi Amin Dada lead a successful coup in 1971? (Part 1, by William Miles) | PublisHistory Blog How did Idi Amin Dada lead a successful coup in 1971? (Part 1, by William Miles) 0 Obote’s actions on the 24th January 1971 set in motion the coup d’etat which was to bring Amin to power. On this evening, Obote, realising that he must contain Amin, called up the officer’s mess at Jinja barracks to order the General’s arrest. However, the switchboard was unmanned and, instead, the message was picked up by Sergeant-Major Mussa who subsequently seized the armoury to prevent the Acholi and Lang’o tribes access to the weapons they needed. Upon hearing this, Amin was forced to act and on the 25th January at 2am, open fire began to be heard in Kampala. Civilians were chased off the streets, government buildings were seized and the airport was closed. By breakfast, the coup had been successful and General Idi Amin Dada had assumed control. But how did Amin gain the popularity and support to achieve such a feat? In this essay I attempt to tackle this question by looking at certain threads of the same tapestry. To begin with I shall focus on the man himself, Amin, for without a powerful figurehead at its forefront, it is unlikely that there would have been any taste for or belief in a successful coup. Next I will look at the situation in Uganda during the run up to the coup as this highlights the development of an environment ripe for change. Finally, I will analyse Obote’s own actions in alienating the Buganda tribe and adding further resentment against himself and his government. So; what of Amin himself? From the outset, he portrayed himself as one of the people. Although the President, he was willing to listen and talk to the people, and all his actions were aimed at helping them. “I am not completely communism and I am not capitalism…I am only leader who is alone completely and following only Uganda…we want just to be free…but we are not going to adopt anything but we only choose what is best for Uganda…” This quote is from the French Documentary ‘General Idi Amin Dada – Autoportrait’. Although one must take this documentary with a pinch of salt (it had Amin’s backing and will have been edited and portrayed in the way that Amin desired) it gives an insight into the man’s character and, by using material to back up what is portrayed, one can see how that gained him the support necessary to lead the 1971 coup d’etat. The quote portrays Amin as a man of the people who is following a policy he believes to be the best for Uganda and all Ugandan people. In the same film Amin says “I lead my country on my best way how I want them to be lead according to my democracy, according to my knowledge and according to my thinking what is the best way of leading them and then I lead them according to that way…direct contact between me and the people, no middle man ”. These quotes clearly highlight a message being put across by Amin that he has the people’s interests at the forefront of all policies he undertakes. Although the documentary was filmed after Amin came to power, this message was prominent during his rise to power as well. In Listowel’s book; ‘Amin’, she first meets General Amin in 1969 when collecting information on the situation in Uganda for the BBC. Although at the time Amin was still just Commander of the Army and Airforce, he clearly commanded respect whilst also fraternizing with the troops; Listowel states “He was surrounded by soldiers – other ranks – drinking beer. His tie was loosened, his tunic unbuttoned and a good deal of back slapping was going on…the soldiers were Obote’s men…there was General Amin drinking and making merry with his men; making friends in the President’s camp” . Further, Listowel provides evidence that, during Obote’s time in office, Amin defended the rights of the people. She refers to a meeting in the summer of 1970 between Obote and Amin where Amin vented his fury at Obote’s and Adoko’s dictatorship, the people’ poverty and loss of freedom, and the corruption and high living of Obote’s men . Thes

In which country are the ruins of ancient Carthage?

Carthage: Ancient Phoenician City-State Carthage: Ancient Phoenician City-State By Owen Jarus, Live Science Contributor | October 24, 2012 12:41pm ET MORE Founded by a seafaring people known as the Phoenicians, the ancient city of Carthage, located in modern-day Tunis in Tunisia, was a major center of trade and influence in the western Mediterranean. The city fought a series of wars against Rome that would ultimately lead to its destruction. The Phoenicians were originally based in a series of city-states that extended from southeast Turkey to modern-day Israel. They were great seafarers with a taste for exploration. Accounts survive of its navigators reaching places as far afield as Northern Europe and West Africa. They founded settlements throughout the Mediterranean during the first millennium B.C.    Ruins at Carthage in Tunisia. Credit: Asta Plechaviciute shutterstock Carthage, whose Phoenician name was Qart Hadasht (new city), was one of those new settlements. It sat astride trade routes going east to west, across the Mediterranean, and north to south, between Europe and Africa. The people spoke Punic, a form of the Phoenician language. The two main deities at Carthage were Baal Hammon and his consort, Tanit. Richard Miles writes in his book Carthage Must Be Destroyed (Penguin Group, 2010) that the word Baal means “Lord” or “Master,” and Hammon may come from a Phoenician word meaning “hot” or “burning being.” Miles notes that Baal Hammon is often depicted with a crescent moon, while Tanit, his consort, is shown with outstretched arms. The city The earliest archaeological evidence of occupation at Carthage dates to about 760 B.C. The settlement quickly grew to encompass a 25-30 hectare (61-74 acres) residential area surrounded by a necropolis (graveyard), notes Roald Docter, of Ghent University. Within a century the settlement would have city walls, harbor installations and a “Tophet,” a controversial installation in the southeast of the city that may have been used for child sacrifice (it could simply have been a special burial ground). A great marketplace (which the Greeks called an “agora”) also developed and, in later centuries, was located by the sea, writes University of Sydney professor Dexter Hoyos in his book, The Carthaginians (Routledge, 2010). “Besides its role as a market, it would be the obvious place for magistrates to assemble the citizens for elections and lawmaking,” he writes. By 500 B.C., the city’s system of government, as suggested by the large marketplace, was a republic of sorts. Hoyos notes that the Carthaginians had two elected sufetes (the Greeks called them kings) that served along with a senate, citizen assembly and pentarchies (five-person commissions). There was also an enigmatic body called the “court of 104” that occasionally crucified defeated Carthaginian generals. As with other ancient (and to some degree modern) republics, wealthy individuals from powerful families had the advantage in getting into office. Nevertheless, the combination of trade opportunities and republican structure appears to have had some success at Carthage. In the second century B.C., just before it was destroyed by Rome, the city boasted a population estimated at more than half a million people. As the city grew, so did its external influence, with evidence of involvement in places such as Sardinia, Spain and Sicily, entanglements that would ultimately lead to conflict with Rome. Legendary foundation It wasn’t unusual for large cities in the ancient world to have elaborate foundation myths, and Greek and Roman writers had a tale for Carthage, one set more than 2,800 years ago. According to legend, Carthage was founded by Elissa (sometimes referred to as Dido), a queen of the Phoenician city of Tyre, located in modern-day Lebanon. When her father died she and her brother Pygmalion both ascended the throne. This did not work out well, with Pygmalion eventually ordering the execution of Elissa’s husband, the priest Acherbas. Elissa, along with a small group of settlers, would leave the city, sailing nearly 1,4

In which country does the White Nile leave Lake Victoria?

Lake Victoria Map and Map of Lake Victoria Depth Size History Information Page Lake Victoria Map and Map of Lake Victoria Depth Size History Information Page Lake Victoria With a surface area of 68,800 sq km (26,600 sq mi), Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake. In addition, it's the largest tropical lake in the world, and the planet's second largest freshwater lake. Only North America's Lake Superior is larger. The lake receives most of its water from direct precipitation. Its largest influent is the Kagera River, the mouth of which lies on the lake's western shore. The only river to leave the lake (flowing north) the White Nile (known as the "Victoria Nile"), leaves at Jinja, Uganda, on the lake's north shore Lake Victoria is relatively shallow. It has a maximum depth of 84 metres (276 ft) and an average depth of 20 meters (66 ft). Lake Victoria as it sits on the edge of Tanzania...

Which African explorer translated the Arabian Nights?

Richard Burton - Scholar, Explorer, Linguist - Biography.com Richard Burton Sir Richard Burton was a British explorer and linguist. He translated The Arabian Nights, and wrote extensively about his travels in Asia, Africa and America. IN THESE GROUPS Famous British People Synopsis Sir Richard Burton was a British explorer and linguist. He demonstrated his talent for learning languages at an early age. By his death, he was able to speak more than 20 European, Asian and African languages. He traveled extensively, supposedly traveling in disguise to Mecca. Although much of his writing was considered too sexual to publish, he translated The Arabian Nights and the Kama Sutra. Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! Citation Information

After which American President is the capital of Liberia named?

World Capital Named After a U.S. President   The Question: There are two world capitals named for American presidents. One is Washington D.C., but what is the other? The Answer: The other capital city named after a U.S. president is Monrovia , the capital city of the African country Liberia . Monrovia was founded in 1822 during the term of President James Monroe . A port city located at the mouth of the St. Paul River, Monrovia was established by the American Colonization Society as a haven for freed black slaves from America. The ACS thought that the deportation of blacks would be the answer to America's slavery problem. The country was originally called Monrovia, but switched to the Free and Independent Republic of Liberia in 1847. Incidentally there are four U.S. capitals named after presidents: Jackson, Miss., Lincoln, Neb., Jefferson City, Mo. and Madison, Wis. —The Editors

In which country were the Mau-0Mau a secret guerrilla movement?

British brutality in Mau Mau conflict | UK news | The Guardian UK news British brutality in Mau Mau conflict As Kenyan veterans prepare for legal action, secret memos reveal colonial policy of violence to break resistance of suspected guerrillas John McGhie Share on Messenger Close Dramatic evidence has been unearthed of such systematic British brutality in the former colony of Kenya that it may require the rewriting of imperial history. Hitherto secret files show that the then colonial secretary, Alan Lennox Boyd, sanctioned a policy of violence towards interned guerrilla suspects. A former colonial official, Terence Gavaghan, now living in London, was, according to a memo written by the governor, Sir Evelyn Baring, authorised to use force. Some detainees allegedly had their mouths stuffed with mud and were beaten unconscious by his men. The evidence is to be detailed on BBC's Correspondent this month to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the declaration of the state of emergency in Kenya. The revelations appear to bear out the suspicions at the time of campaigners, like the late Labour MP Barbara Castle, that massive abuses were taking place. She and others unearthed individual scandals involving security forces during the 1950s, but the Tory government, headed by Harold Macmillan, denied there was a policy of assaulting prisoners. Mau Mau veterans are preparing to visit London next year to discuss a potentially huge legal action for compensation. A dossier of evidence was handed in to the British high commission in Nairobi a fortnight ago. Campaigners' demands include the investigation for alleged war crimes and human rights abuses of surviving former British officials. In 1957 Mr Gavaghan was ordered to assume the position of officer in charge of rehabilitation at the Mwea camps. Virtually all members of the Kikuyu tribe had taken a secret Mau Mau "oath" and it was considered impossible to release these men until they had "confessed" taking it. A long "secret and personal" memo from Baring to Lennox Boyd describes how their resistance was broken. It was discovered at the public record office in Kew, west London, by Harvard history professor Caroline Elkins. The colonial attorney general, Eric Griffiths-Jones, visited the camp. In an attached memorandum he described the treatment he witnessed of a group of 80 prisoners transferred from a holding camp. As each lorry arrived a group were "hustled off" and made to squat in two rows. They were met by five or six Europeans including Mr Gavaghan. Each group of detainees was ordered to strip and have their heads shorn. "Any who showed any reluctance or hesitation to do so were hit with fists and/or slapped with the open hand," he wrote. "This was usually enough to dispel any disposition to disobey the order to change. In some cases, however, defiance was more obstinate and on the first indication of such obstinacy, three or four of the European officers immediately converged on the man and 'rough housed' him, stripping his clothes off him, hitting him, on occasion kicking him and, if necessary, putting him on the ground. Blows struck were solid, hard ones, mostly with closed fists and about the head, stomach, sides and back. There was no attempt to strike at the testicles or any other manifestations of sadistic brutality." Griffiths-Jones, who had been a PoW of the Japanese during the second world war, continued: "In each of these cases which the visiting party witnessed on this occasion... the man eventually gave in and put on his camp clothes. Mr Gavaghan explained, however, that there had, in past intakes, been more persistent resistors who had been forcibly changed into camp clothing. Some of them had started the 'Mau Mau howl', a familiar cry which was taken up by the rest of the camp, representing a concerted and symbolic defiance of the camp authorities. In such cases it was essential to prevent the infection of this 'oath' spreading throughout the camp, and the 'resistor' who started it was put on the ground, a foot placed on his throat and mud stuffed in his mout

Who was the Danish author of Out of Africa?

National Museums of Kenya - Karen Blixen Karen Blixen Location and Historical Background Karen Blixen Museum Karen Blixen Museum was once the centre piece of a farm at the foot of the Ngong Hills owned by Danish Author Karen and her Swedish Husband, Baron Bror von Blixen Fincke. Located 10km from the city centre, the Museum belongs to a different time period in the history of Kenya. The farm house gained international fame with the release of the movie ‘Out of Africa’ an Oscar winning film based on Karen’s an autobiography by the same title. The Museum is open to the Public every day (9.30 am to 6pm) including weekends and public holidays. Visitors are encouraged to be at the Museum by 5.30.  Guided tours are offered continuously.  A museum shop offers handicrafts, posters and postcards, the Movie ‘Out of Africa’, books and other Kenyan souvenirs.  The grounds may be rented for wedding receptions, corporate functions and other events.   Baroness Karen Blixen The Museum was built in 1912 by Swedish Engineer Ake Sjogren. Karen and her husband bought the Museum house in 1917 and it become the farm house for their 4500 acre farm, of which 600 acres was used for coffee farming. Their marriage failed after eight years and in 1921 the Baron moved on and left the running of the farm to Karen. Karen lived at the house until her return to Denmark in 1931. The house farm was bought by Remy Marin, who broke the land into 20 acre parcels for development. Subsequent development created the present suburb of Karen. Records indicate that a Lt. Col.G. Lloyd, an officer of the British Army bought the house in 1935 and lived there until his death in 1954, when it passed to his daughters, Mrs. G. Robersts and Lavender Llyod.  A transfer of title to Mrs. J.P Robson and Mrs L.B. Hyde is in City Hall records in 1956.  The house was sporadically occupied until purchased in 1964 by the Danish government and given to the Kenyan government as an independence gift. The government set up a college of nutrition and the Museum was initially used as the principal’s house. In 1985 the shooting of a movie based on Karen’s autobiography began and the National Museums of Kenya expressed acquired the house for the purpose of establishing a Museum. The Museum was opened in 1986. Distant View of Karen Blixen Karen also known by her pen name Isak Dinesen was born at Rungstedlund in Denmark on 17th of April 1885 as the second child of Wilhelm and Ingeborg Dinesen’s five children. She came to Africa in 1914 to marry her half cousin and carry out dairy farming in the then British Colony of Kenya. Her husband had however changed his mind and wanted to farm coffee. Her uncle Aage Westenholz financed the farm and members of both families were share holders. The coffee farm did not do well, suffering various tragedies including factory fire and continuous bad harvest. After her divorce, Karen was left to run the financially troubled farm on her own, a daunting task for a woman of that generation. She fell in love with an English man, Denis Finch Hatton, and his death in Tsavo in 1930 coupled with the failed farming left Karen little choice but to return to Denmark. She turned to writing as a career following her departure from Africa and published to increasing acclaim such works as Seven Gothic Tales(1934) Out of Africa(1937) and Babette Feat (1950).  She died on her family estate, Rungsted, in 1962 at the age of 77. Karen Blixen Museum The Karen Blixen house meets three of the customary criteria for  historical significance.  First, it is associated with the broad historical pattern of European settlement andcultivation of East Africa. Second, it is associated with the life of aperson significant to our past as the home of  Baroness Karen Blixen from 1917 -1931.  As such, it served as the setting and basis of herwell known book Out of Africa, written under the pseudonym Isak Dinesenand as a gathering place for other well known personalities of the period.  Third, the building embodies the distinctive characteristicsof its type, period and method of construction.  T

Which new city in Nigeria has been shaped like a crescent, and has replaced Lagos as capital?

Profile - Nigeria   I INTRODUCTION   Nigeria, republic in western Africa, bounded by Cameroon to the east, Chad to the northeast, Niger to the north, Benin to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. Until 1991, the capital was the largest city, Lagos, on the southwestern coast; at that time, the new city of Abuja, in the country�s interior, became capital. Nigeria has a federal form of government and is divided into 36 states and a federal capital territory. The country's official name is the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nigeria is by far the most populated of Africa�s countries. Its many ethnic groups give the country a rich culture but also pose major challenges to nation building. The economy is dominated by the production of petroleum, which lies in large reserves below the Niger Delta. While oil wealth has financed major investments in the country�s infrastructure, Nigeria remains among the world�s 20 poorest countries in terms of per capita income. In precolonial times, the area was home to several kingdoms and tribal communities; in spite of European contact that began in the 16th century, they maintained their autonomy until the 19th century. The colonial era began in earnest in the late 19th century, when Britain consolidated its rule over Nigeria. In 1914 the British merged their northern and southern protectorates into a single state called the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Nigeria became independent of British rule in 1960. Since then, the country has endured decades of on-and-off military rule. II LAND AND RESOURCES   Nigeria covers an area of 923,768 sq km (356,669 sq mi). At its widest, it measures about 1,200 km (about 750 mi) from east to west and about 1,050 km (about 650 mi) from north to south. The country�s topography ranges from lowlands along the coast and in the lower Niger Valley to high plateaus in the north and mountains along the eastern border. Much of the country is laced with productive rivers. The Nigerian ecology varies from tropical forest in the south to dry savanna in the far north, yielding a diverse mix of plant and animal life. Human population and development pose serious threats to both the ecological and the human environment. A Topographic Regions   The broad, mostly level valleys of the Niger and Benue rivers form Nigeria�s largest physical region. The Niger enters the country from the northwest, the Benue from the northeast; they join at the city of Lokoja in the south central region and continue south, where they empty into the Atlantic at the Niger Delta. Together, they form the shape of a Y. Population densities and agricultural development are generally lower in the Niger and Benue valleys than in other areas. North of the Niger Valley are the high plains of Hausaland, an area of relatively level topography averaging about 800 m (about 2,500 ft) above sea level, with isolated granite outcroppings. The Jos Plateau, located close to Nigeria�s geographic center, rises steeply above the surrounding plains to an average elevation of about 1,300 m (about 4,200 ft). To the northeast, the plains of Hausaland grade into the basin of Lake Chad; the area is characterized by somewhat lower elevations, level terrain, and sandy soils. To the northwest, the high plains descend into the Sokoto lowland. Southwest of the Niger Valley (on the left side of the Y) lies the comparatively rugged terrain of the Yoruba highlands. Between the highlands and the ocean runs a coastal plain averaging 80 km (50 mi) in width from the border of Benin to the Niger Delta. The delta, which lies at the base of the Y and separates the southwestern coast from the southeastern coast, is 36,000 sq km (14,000 sq mi) of low-lying, swampy terrain and multiple channels through which the waters of the great river empty into the ocean. Several of the delta�s channels and some of the inshore lagoons can be navigated. Southeastern coastal Nigeria (to the right of the Y) consists of low sedimentary plains that are essentially an extension of th

Is the Great Wall of China 650, 1,450 or 2,050 miles long?

Please help here. Is the Great Wall of China 650, 1,450 or 2,050 miles long? View the step-by-step solution to: Please help here. Is the Great Wall of China 650, 1,450 or 2,050 miles long? This question was answered on May 20, 2016. View the Answer Please help here. Is the Great Wall of China 650, 1,450 or 2,050 miles long? georgetutor posted a question · May 20, 2016 at 2:24am Top Answer josewriter23 answered the question · May 20, 2016 at 2:25am Other Answers May 20, 2016 at 2:26am {[ getNetScore(29627399) ]} May 20, 2016 at 2:27am {[ getNetScore(29627412) ]} Here is the answer... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627414) ]} After working on your question, I... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627421) ]} The way to answer this question is ... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627422) ]} The answer to this question... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627456) ]} Here's the explanation you needed for... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627484) ]} The best way to approach your question... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29628303) ]} Here is the solution... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29635093) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions Need an US History tutor? profjanee 2 US History experts found online! Average reply time is 1 min Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. - Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! - Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!

Where did the Gang of Four try to size power in 1976?

Gang of Four Trial For additional information about the trial and a Chinese language version of this account, see: http://zhenghaiping.fyfz.cn/   The Gang of Four (GoF) was the name given to a leftist political group composed of four Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members. They wielded significant power during China’s Cultural Revolution (1966-76) and were subsequently charged of various crimes. Their trial in late 1980 represented a significant change in China’s history since the founding of P.R.C. in 1949.                                       The Gang of Four at trial. From left to right: Zhang Chunqiao,Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan, Jiangqing. (1980/11/20)   I. Background In 1966, Mao Zendong, the Chairman of the CCP, launched the Cultural Revolution, the proclaimed aim of which was to “root out and right-wing capitalist who infiltrated the party.” In the following ten years or so, millions of “Red Guards” (mostly young people) across the country were mobilized to destroy the “right-wing capitalists” --- mostly the intelligentsia and bureaucrats. While Mao was worshiped like a “living God,” almost all the high-level officials who disagreed with Mao were persecuted. During the Cultural Revolution, the GoF, representing the leftist political faction within the CCP, essentially became the central mobilizing force at the National level. The leading figure of the GoF was Jiangqing, Mao’s third and last wife, who became a member of the Politburo in 1969. Her three other associates were all high-level officials by 1976 ---- Zhang Chuanqiao was a vice-Primer Minister of the State Council, Wang Hongwen was vice-chairman of CCP, Yao Wenyuan was a Sectary of CCP in Shanghai. They also held many other positions in the Party, government and even military.  Immediately after Mao’s Death on December 9, 1976, a power struggle occurred between the “leftists” GoF and the “rightists”--- an alliance led by Deng Xiaoping and Marshall Ye Jianying. At that time, the nominal “head” of the country was Hua Guofeng, who was Mao’s designated successor. Although Hua was clearly faithful to Mao, it was unclear whether he would support the “leftist” or the “rightist.” Indeed, Mao chose Hua as his successor largely because Hua was a compromise candidate between the “leftists” and “rightists.” Upon Mao’s death, both sides attempted to convince or even coerce Hua to surrender power to them. The GoF were particularly aggressive. With effective control over the State’s media, the GoF continued to denounce Deng and his “rightist” ally.                  The top leaders of China standing before Mao's remains after Mao's death on Sep. 9, 1976. From left to right: Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, Jiang Qing, Hua Guofeng, Mao Yuanxin, Yao Wenyuan, Chen Xillian, Wang Dongxing. (1976/9/12)   After almost three weeks’ struggle, Hua finally leaned toward the “rightist” side. He consented to Marshall Ye’s suggestion to arrest the GoF. However, they knew it was not an easy task. The GoF had certain control in military. Being aware the risk, Hua and Ye secretly worked out a detailed “kidnap” plan.   II. Arrest In the evening of October 6, 1976, each member of the GoF was informed to attend an emergency session of the Politburo. The session was to take place in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. As several important issues were to be discussed, all Politburo members were required to attend the session. Some time between 7:55 PM and 8:30 PM on that day, the members of GoF came to the Great Hall of People. One by one, they were apprehended by military personnel as soon as they passed through the doors into the entrance lobby. All was done in superb efficiency. Without any gunfire, the members of GoF and some of their associates were captured. They did not even have a chance to cry for “help.” In the same night, the GoF and their associates were transported to Qincheng prison, a maximum-security prison located in northwestern Beijing. Also in that night, the Hua group met with other Politburo members informed them that the GoF had been arrested. Soon, the public denuncia

Which Asian city hosted the 1988 Olympic Games?

Which was the first Asian city to host the Olympic Games? Which was the first Asian city to host the Olympic Games? 1 Answer 0 The first Olympic Games were held in 1896, in Athens, in which a total of 245 athletes participated, all men. Since then, London and Los Angeles along with Athens have hosted these games two times each. The first opening ceremonies were held during the 1908 Olympic Games in London. In 2008, Beijing will host the Summer Olympic Games. 2- In 2012, London will be the only city to host Olympic Games three times (1908, 1948 and 2012). 3- The first Asian city to host the Olympic Games was Tokyo in 1964. After that, Seoul hosted these games in 1988. In 2008, Beijing will be the third Asian city to host these games. 4- To date, 16 European cities, six cities from the Americas, two Australian cities, and three Asian cities have hosted the Olympic Games. 5- The first Olympic Games were held in 776 BC, and the last of that era in 393 AD, when the Christian Byzantine Emperor Theodosius I abolished them. The Ancient Greek Olympics were held every 4 years at Olympia, a district of Elis, in ... more answers.yahoo.com

Who was emperor of Japan during world War II?

Hirohito - World War II - HISTORY.com Google Hirohito: The Early Years Hirohito, the eldest son of Crown Prince Yoshihito, was born on April 29, 1901, within the confines of the Aoyama Palace in Tokyo. According to custom, imperial family members were not raised by their parents. Instead, Hirohito spent his early years in the care of first a retired vice-admiral and then an imperial attendant. From age 7 to 19, Hirohito attended schools set up for the children of nobility. He received rigorous instruction in military and religious matters, along with other subjects such as math and physics. In 1921, Hirohito and a 34-man entourage traveled to Western Europe for a six-month tour; it was the first time a Japanese crown prince had ever gone abroad. Did You Know? Hirohito’s son Akihito, the current emperor of Japan, broke with 1,500 years of tradition by marrying a commoner in 1959. Upon his return to Japan, Hirohito became regent for his chronically ill father and assumed the duties of emperor. In September 1923, an earthquake struck the Tokyo area, killing about 100,000 people and destroying 63 percent of the city’s houses. Rampaging Japanese mobs subsequently murdered several thousand ethnic Koreans and leftists, who were accused of setting fires and looting in the quake’s aftermath. That December, Hirohito survived an assassination attempt, and the following month he married Princess Nagako, with whom he would have seven children. At around the same time, he ended the practice of imperial concubinage. Hirohito officially became emperor when his father died in December 1926. He chose Showa, which roughly translates to “enlightened harmony,” as his reign name. Hirohito as Emperor and the Rise of Japanese Militarism When Hirohito assumed the throne, a universal male suffrage law had just passed, and political parties were near the height of their prewar powers. However, a plunging economy, rising militarism and a series of political assassinations soon caused a crisis for the pro-democracy movement. Hirohito, who as emperor was the nation’s highest spiritual authority and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, essentially fired the prime minister in 1929. The next prime minister was shot and mortally wounded, and in 1932 yet another prime minister was assassinated by naval officers upset about a treaty limiting the number of Japanese warships. From then on, almost all prime ministers came from the military rather than from the political parties, which were disbanded altogether in 1940. More political violence occurred in 1935, when a lieutenant colonel slashed a general to death with a samurai sword. And in 1936, over 1,400 soldiers mutinied in Tokyo, seizing the army ministry and murdering several high-ranking politicians. Meanwhile, Japan’s conflict with China was growing. In 1931, Japanese army officers initiated the so-called Manchurian Incident by detonating a railway explosion and blaming it on Chinese bandits. They then used the event as an excuse to take over Manchuria in northeastern China and set up a puppet state there. Excursions into other areas of the country soon followed, and by 1937 war had broken out. That winter, the Japanese army massacred an estimated 200,000 civilians and prisoners of war in and around the city of Nanking. Rape is thought to have been commonplace, and women throughout Japanese-controlled regions of Asia were brought in to serve as prostitutes. Hirohito did not condone the invasion’s more repugnant aspects, but—perhaps because he worried the military would make him abdicate—he failed to punish those responsible. He also sanctioned the use of chemical warfare and the uprooting of peasants. Japan’s Involvement in World War II In September 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, in which they agreed to assist one another should any of them be attacked by a country not already involved in the war. Japan sent troops to occupy French Indochina that same month, and the United States responded with economic sanctions, including an embargo on oil and steel. A

What is the capital of Saudi Arabia?

Riyadh, capital city of Saudi Arabia All... Riyadh, capital city of Saudi Arabia Once nothing more than a dusty, desert outpost, Riyadh has blossomed into one of the most influential and intriguing cities in the Middle East. The Saudi Arabian capital is home to soaring modern towers, high-rise hotels, fabulous fine dining and considerable culture. Although luxury cars speed down the boulevards and sparkling office buildings are added to the cityscape seemingly every day, Riyadh still maintains a conservative, slightly somber atmosphere. This juxtaposition only makes the capital even more interesting. The National Museum is hands-down one of the Middle East's best museums. The state-of-the-art space contains eight floors of galleries dedicated to Arabia's art, history and culture. Highlights include original rock carvings, a full-scale replica of a Nabataean tomb and the 180-degree screens that show films complementing the exhibits. Visitors leave the museum with a better understanding of Saudi Arabia and a context for appreciating Riyadh even more. Remnants of Riyadh's simple past still survive, although oil money has launched massive building projects in the last three decades. The most significant historic sight in the city is the imposing Masmak Fortress, once the heart of the old town. Built in the late 19th-century and stormed by King Abdul Aziz just years later, the fort was renovated in 2008 and today contains a museum filled with fascinating photos of old Riyadh. The museum's second half is dedicated to extolling all the virtues of Saudi education, architecture, art and agriculture. Permits were once required to explore the Murabba Palace, but visitors are now free to roam the mud-brick palace constructed by King Abdul Aziz following his conquest of the Masmak Fortress. The intimidating exterior gives way to two stories of marvelous objects, including the first royal Rolls-Royce. After getting a taste of the city's past, fast-forward to the present day by visiting the Al-Faisaliah Tower, built in 2000 by architect Norman Foster and the Bin Laden construction company. Marked by an enormous shining glass globe made of more than 650 panels, the stunning structure was one of the first to tower above the city's skyline. The 34 floors are filled with some of Saudi Arabia's most luxurious restaurants, apartments, shops and a five-star deluxe hotel. From the viewing platform, visitors can see nearly the entire city. The capital's newest landmark is the Kingdom Tower, rising 302 meters above the ground. The incredible example of modern architecture is especially breathtaking at night, when constantly-changing colored lights illuminate its steel and glass design. High-speed elevators fly visitors to the 99th-floor Sky Bridge at 180 kilometers per hour, offering unbelievable views of the city. Riyadh is a shopper's paradise, and the main roads are lined with one mall after another. Women can shop on the third floor Ladies Kingdom at Al Mamlaka without being disturbed by men, designer stores are abundant and most malls contain at least one Western-style department store. For a more traditional shopping experience, head to the Souq al-Thumairi. The maze of shops selling Arabic coffees, spices, carpets, jewelry and more is positively enthralling. Riyadh Geographical Location Riyadh is located to the east of the center of Saudi Arabia on a plateau. It is its largest city and has a population of approximately 6,800,000 within the metropolitan area. Riyadh Language Arabic is the official language of Saudi Arabia. Riyadh Predominant Religion 100% Muslim Islam is the official religion of Saudi Arabia. Muslims who convert to another religion are subject to the death penalty. Riyadh Currency The Saudi Riyal is the official currency of Saudi Arabia. Riyadh Climate There is very little precipitation in Riyadh and the summer temperatures are extremely hot. The winters cool down to warm temperatures and usually experience marginally more rainfall. Riyadh Main Attractions

Of which country is Vientiane the capital?

Vientiane is the Capital of What Country? Where is Laos Anyway? - Peanuts or Pretzels Share This Tweet This Free Gift! Get updates via email (we don't spam) & get a FREE Gift! We’ve been in Asia for almost a couple years now.  And when we recently told our friends and family that we were planning to travel from Bangkok to Vientiane, there was a noticeable silence.  “Vientiane – what is that?” they asked us.  “It’s a capital city in southeast Asia” we told them.  “Vientiane is the capital of what country?” they uttered. “Laos,” we replied.  “Where is Laos?” *sigh* We knew this was going to be a long conversation. They were genuinely confused, as I’m sure many people might be.  Most people know about Vietnam, Thailand and even Cambodia – but few have any idea about Laos.  So we decided to put a little something together to sum up some of the things to do in Vientiane and why we were heading to Laos. Strolling the riverside promenade and restaurants of Vientiane, Laos Most Travelers Skip by Vientiane — but It’s Definitely Worth a few Days For those people who know about Laos and the natural beauty it offers visitors, they can understand why we have Laos on our travel list.  But Vientiane? While Vientiane is the capital of a truly beautiful country, the city is often skipped by travelers who are heading off to more scenic and adventurous areas, such as Vang Vieng or Luang Prabang. However after spending a few days in Vientiane, we are convinced that travelers who have the time, should at least spend a couple days in this charming capital city.  Especially if it is your first stop in Laos (as it was for us). Where is Vientiane, Laos? Vientiane, Laos is practically in the center of southeast Asia.  The city is just over the border from Thailand and sits along the famous Mekong river.  From Bangkok, you would need to travel east, then north – past Udon Thani toward the Mekong. While you can fly into Vientiane, many travelers who are roaming around southeast Asia prefer to arrive by bus or train.  We were coming from Bangkok , so we opted to take the overnight train from Bangkok to Vientiane.  It actually goes to Nong Kai, at the border of Thailand just before the river.  Then you hop on another train that goes just over the border. However, the city of Vientiane is actually another 20 km away from the train station.  So you need to get on a minibus or tuk-tuk into the heart of the city. Vientiane Surprised Us – In a Good Way! Having never been in Laos before, we weren’t sure what to expect.  We’ve been to Thailand numerous times, and even lived there for some time.  So we are familiar with Thailand, but we knew that Laos was much more rural and less developed.  To be honest, we were looking forward to this change — experiencing Laos is almost like experiencing what Thailand was like many years ago…before all the mass tourism and development took over so many areas. We knew little about Laos, only that it had some French influence and a bit of a tumultuous past.  But upon our morning of arrival, we were already in love with this capital city that actually feels like a small town. In Vientiane we spotted some monks pulling / pushing each other around on carts while doing some work — who says monks don’t have fun?!?! Before checking into our hostel, we stopped off for some breakfast — which included a tasty chicken baguette sandwich and some fantastic, thick and dark coffee! And we were already in love. Our Favorite Things to Do in Vientiane, Laos We only planned to spend a few days in Vientiane, but we loved it so much that we ended up adding a couple days to our trip.  Here are a few of our most favorite things to do in Vientiane. Explore the Many Wats (or Vats) all Over Town Laos is a country full of beautiful Wats (or temples).  And the city of Vientiane is loaded with them, in fact, it felt like there was a Wat on every corner!  Not all of them are worth a visit, and it’s easy to get “templed-out” if you were to check out all of them.  But some of the most popular and worth seeing include:  That Luang (covered in gold!), Wat

Who was the Mongol ruler who conquered Persia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia in the 14th Century?

Who was the Mongol ruler who conquered Persia, Azerbaijan, Armenia,and Georgia in the 14th Century? View the step-by-step solution to: Who was the Mongol ruler who conquered Persia, Azerbaijan, Armenia,and Georgia in the 14th Century? This question was answered on May 20, 2016. View the Answer Who was the Mongol ruler who conquered Persia, Azerbaijan, Armenia,and Georgia in the 14th Century? danieldambuki posted a question · May 20, 2016 at 2:31am Top Answer josewriter23 answered the question · May 20, 2016 at 2:32am Other Answers Here is the solution... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627493) ]} Here is the explanation for... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627498) ]} {[ getNetScore(29627505) ]} hamniwezi answered the question · May 20, 2016 at 2:33am Mongol conquests of Kingdom of Georgia, which at that time consisted of Georgia proper, Armenia, and much of the Caucasus,... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627511) ]} egerton536 answered the question · May 20, 2016 at 2:34am Mongol conquests of Kingdom of Georgia, which at that time consisted of Georgia proper, Armenia, and much of the Caucasus,... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627516) ]} Timur historically known as Tamerlane was the... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627547) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions Need an US History tutor? Miss-white 2 US History experts found online! Average reply time is less than an hour Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. 890,990,898 Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! 890,990,898 Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!

Which two Middle-Eastern countries fought a war from 1980 to 1988?

Iran Chamber Society: History of Iran: The United States and Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 The United States and Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 By: Stephen R. Shalom Page: 1 2     Page 1 The war between Iran and Iraq was one of the great human tragedies of recent Middle Eastern history. Perhaps as many as a million people died, many more were wounded, and millions were made refugees. The resources wasted on the war exceeded what the entire Third World spent on public health in a decade.[1] The war began on September 22, 1980, when Iraqi troops launched a full-scale invasion of Iran. Prior to this date there had been subversion by each country inside the other and also major border clashes. Iraq hoped for a lightning victory against an internationally isolated neighbor in the throes of revolutionary upheaval. But despite Iraq's initial successes, the Iranians rallied and, using their much larger population, were able by mid-1982 to push the invaders out. In June 1982, the Iranians went over to the offensive, but Iraq, with a significant advantage in heavy weaponry, was able to prevent a decisive Iranian breakthrough. The guns finally fell silent on August 20, 1988. Primary responsibility for the eight long years of bloodletting must rest with the governments of the two countries -- the ruthless military regime of Saddam Hussein in Iraq and the ruthless clerical regime of the Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran. Khomeini was said by some to have a "martyr complex," though, as U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance wryly observed, people with martyr complexes rarely live to be as old as Khomeini. Whatever his complexes, Khomeini had no qualms about sending his followers, including young boys, off to their deaths for his greater glory. This callous disregard for human life was no less characteristic of Saddam Hussein. And, for that matter, it was also no less characteristic of much of the world community, which not only couldn't be bothered by a few hundred thousand Third World corpses, but tried to profit from the conflict. France became the major source of Iraq's high-tech weaponry, in no small part to protect its financial stake in that country.[2] The Soviet Union was Iraq's largest weapon's supplier, while jockeying for influence in both capitals. Israel provided arms to Iran, hoping to bleed the combatants by prolonging the war. And at least ten nations sold arms to both of the warring sides.[3] The list of countries engaging in despicable behavior, however, would be incomplete without the United States. The U.S. objective was not profits from the arms trade, but the much more significant aim of controlling to the greatest extent possible the region's oil resources. Before turning to U.S. policy during the Iran-Iraq war, it will be useful to recall some of the history of the U.S. and oil. Some Crude History Much of the world's proven oil reserves are located in the limited area of the Persian Gulf (in recent years Arab states trying to change this historic name to the "Arabian Gulf"). Less than four percent of U.S. oil consumption comes from the Persian Gulf, but, according to the official argument, Western Europe and Japan are extremely dependent on Persian Gulf oil and hence if the region fell into the hands of a hostile power, U.S. allies could be brought to their knees, and U.S. security would be fundamentally and irreparably compromised. If one examines the history of U.S. policy in the Persian Gulf, however, protecting the oil interests of Western Europe and Japan never seemed to be one of Washington's foremost goals. As far back as the 1920s, the State Department sought to force Great Britain to give U.S. companies a share of the lucrative Middle Eastern oil concessions. The U.S. Ambassador in London -- who happened to be Andrew Mellon, the head of the Gulf Oil Corporation (named for the Mexican, not the Persian Gulf) -- was instructed to press the British to give Gulf Oil a stake in the Middle East.[4] At the end of World War II, when the immense petroleum deposits in Saudi Arabia became known, Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal tol

Which sea lies between china and Korea?

which body of water lies between China and Japan? A) yellow sea B) sea of Japan C) east china sea D) korea strait You have new items in your feed. Click to view. Question and answer which body of water lies between China and Japan? A) yellow sea B) sea of Japan C) east china sea D) korea strait The answer is Sea of Japan. Letter B Expert answered| ahbynaz |Points 110| which body of water lies between China and Japan? A) yellow sea B) sea of Japan C) east china sea D) korea strait New answers There are no new answers. Comments Weegy: Muslims may have made their great es advanced in medicine. the combined Greek and India knowledge with discoveries of their own. Muslims doctors stared the first pharmacy school to teacher people how to make medicine's. (More) Question what is the name of the common feature of Muslim architecture? Weegy: what is the name of the common feature of Muslim architecture? It is called minaret. A minaret is a slim tower rising from a mosque. They vary in height, style, and number. [ Minarets may be square, round, or octagonal and are usually covered with a pointed roof. Originally used as a high point from which to make the call to prayer (adhan), minarets remain a traditionally decorative feature of most mosques. ] (More) Question describe what would most likely be found on most Muslim works of art Weegy: Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onwards by people who lived within the territory that was inhabited by or ruled by culturally Islamic populations.[1] It is thus a very difficult art to define because it covers [ many lands and various peoples over some 1400 years; it is not art specifically of a religion, or of a time, or of a place, or of a single medium like painting.[2] The huge field of Islamic architecture is the subject of a separate article, leaving fields as varied as calligraphy, painting, glass, ceramics, and textiles, among others. Islamic art is not at all restricted to religious art, but includes all the art of the rich and varied cultures of Islamic societies as well. It frequently includes secular elements and elements that are frowned upon, if not forbidden, by some Islamic theologians.[3] Apart from the ever-present calligraphic inscriptions, specifically religious art is actually less prominent in Islamic art than in Western medieval art, with the exception of Islamic architecture where mosques and their complexes of surrounding buildings are the most common remains. Figurative painting may cover religious scenes, but normally in essentially secular contexts such as the walls of palaces or illuminated books of poetry. The calligraphy and decoration of manuscript Qu'rans is an important aspect, but other religious art such as glass mosque lamps and other mosque fittings such as tiles (e.g. Girih tiles), woodwork and carpets usually have the same style and motifs as contemporary secular art, although with religious inscriptions even more prominent. Read more; ] (More) Question what would most likely be found on most Muslim works of art? Weegy: As indicated in Background Notes 4, the decorative arts in Islam are marked by a remarkable degree of stylistic consistency which has been applied to a broad range of materials, each of which had a craft-base of its own, [ the history of which often traces back to pre-Islamic times. The stylistic coherence within the Islamic world and the many variations of its basic themes across time, influenced as they were by local artistic traditions, are all part of the fascination of this art. In Muslim architecture virtually any surface may be regarded as worthy of receiving elaborate decoration and this is particularly apparent in religious architecture, but this principle extends out to woodwork, ceramics, textiles, metalwork, books and many other art forms. ] (More) Question

In which modern country are the ports of Sidon and Tyer?

The Biblical Cities Of Tyre And Sidon The Biblical Cities Of Tyre And Sidon Non-Technical - Jan 26, 2010 - by Gary Byers MA Share/recommend this article: Excerpt The names Tyre and Sidon were famous in the ancient Near East. They are also important cities in the Old and New Testaments. Both are now located in Lebanon, with Tyre 20 mi south of Sidon and only 12 mi north of the Israel-Lebanon border. Today each is just a shadow of their former selves... Continue reading Explore Related Articles Gemstone depicting Alexander the Great found at Tel Dor Excavations in Tel Dor have turned up a rare and unexpected work of Hellenistic art: a precious ston... Ezekiel 26:1-14: A Proof Text For Inerrancy or Fallibility of The Old Testament? This article seeks to give Ezekiel 26:1–14 a close reading. Special emphasis will be given to its li... The Tyrian Shekel and the Temple of Jerusalem Every year, a Jewish man, 20 years old and older, paid a voluntary half shekel Temple tax to the Jer... Tags Support Like this artice? Our Ministry relies on the generosity of people like you. Every small donation helps us develop and publish great articles. Please support ABR! This article was first published in the Fall 2002 issue of Bible and Spade. The names Tyre and Sidon were famous in the ancient Near East. They are also important cities in the Old and New Testaments. Both are now located in Lebanon, with Tyre 20 mi south of Sidon and only 12 mi north of the Israel-Lebanon border. Today each is just a shadow of their former selves. Sidon, called Saida today (Arabic for “fishing”), was named after the firstborn son of Canaan (Gn 10:15) and probably settled by his descendants. The northern border of ancient Canaan extended to Sidon (Gn 10:19). Later, Jacob spoke of it as the boundary of Zebulun (Gn 49:13) and Joshua included it as part of the land promised to Israel (Jos 13:6). Sidon was included in the inheritance of Asher, on its northern boundary (Jos 19:28), but it was not taken by that tribe in conquest (Jgs 1:31, 3:3). Settled from the beginning as a port city, Sidon was built on a promontory with a nearby offshore island that sheltered the harbor from storms. Twenty mi south of Sidon, in the middle of a coastal plain, Tyre (called Sour in Arabic today) was constructed on a rock island a few hundred yards out into the Mediterranean (Ward 1997:247). In fact, the city took its name from this rock island. Tyre comes from the Semetic sr (Hebrew Sor, Arabic Sur, Babylonian Surru, Egyptian Dr,) meaning rock. The port of ancient Sidon is believed to have been located in this area. The Sea Castle in the harbor today was originally built as a Crusader fort to protect the harbor. It is believed the Castle sits over the site of the Phoenician temple to Melkart. Michael Luddeni Located at the foot of some of the Lebanese mountain’s southwestern ridges and near the gorge of the ancient Leontes River (the modern Litani), the rich and well-watered plain became the fortified island’s primary source or food, water, wood and other living essentials. Apparently the island was fortified first and called Tyre, while the coastal city directly opposite was settled later. It was originally called Ushu in cuneiform texts (Ward 1997:247) and later Palaetyrus (“old Tyre”) in Greek texts (Jidejian 1996:19). The Canaanites Historical and archaeological evidence indicate both cities were settled by the early second millennium BC and were important seaports long before the Israelites settled in Canaan. Yet, while Sidon was mentioned many times during the Canaanite and early Israelite periods in the Bible, Tyre first appeared as part of Asher’s western boundary (Jos 19:29). Specifically called a “fortified city” in this passage, it was noted as a significant landmark. Tyre does not appear again in the Bible until Hiram, king of Tyre, sends cedar, carpenters, and masons to build David’s house (2 Sm 5:11). While both cities are mentioned in a number of second millennium BC extra-Biblical documents, the most interesting accounts come from the Amarna Letters. Actual letters

The West Bank of which river has been occupied by Israel since 1967?

West Bank | Define West Bank at Dictionary.com West Bank noun 1. an area in the Middle East, between the W bank of the Jordan River and the E frontier of Israel: occupied in 1967 and subsequently claimed by Israel; formerly held by Jordan. Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for West Bank Expand Contemporary Examples But Serry said events had reached a critical point in the West Bank and cautioned that a collapse would leave Israel accountable. Serbia and Croatia’s Competing Genocide Claims Adam LeBor March 10, 2014 Some courses of action are clear: Israel should halt all construction in the West Bank. British Dictionary definitions for West Bank Expand noun 1. the West Bank, a semi-autonomous Palestinian region in the Middle East on the W bank of the River Jordan, comprising the hills of Judaea and Samaria and part of Jerusalem: formerly part of Palestine (the entity created by the League of Nations in 1922 and operating until 1948): became part of Jordan after the ceasefire of 1949: occupied by Israel since the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. In 1993 a peace treaty between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization provided for the West Bank to become a self-governing Palestinian area; a new Palestinian National Authority assumed control of parts of the territory in 1994–95, but subsequent talks broke down and Israel reoccupied much of this in 2001–02 and continues to maintain most existing Israeli settlements. Pop: 2 676 740 (2013 est). Area: 5879 sq km (2270 sq miles) Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for West Bank Expand in reference to the former Jordanian territory west of the River Jordan, 1967. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Expand West Bank definition Land on the west bank of the Jordan River , formerly in the hands of Jordan , but captured by Israel in the Six-Day War of 1967. Israel has agreed to hand over part of the West Bank to the Palestinian Authority , but the Israeli government has been widely criticized for continuing to move civilian settlers as well as soldiers into the area. In 2001, in response to terrorist suicide bombings (see terrorism ), Israel staged heavy military strikes against Palestinian cities in the West Bank. The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Which 15th-century navigator discovered the sea route from Europe to India by the Cape of Good Hope?

Intro (English) to the Resolutions of Cape of Good Hope / History of the Cape of Good Hope of the Council of Policy of Cape of Good Hope History of the Cape of Good Hope A Portuguese discovers the sea route from Europe to India In August 1486 the Portuguese navigator, Bartholomeu Dias, set sail from the Tagus River at Lisbon with his fleet of two small vessels and a cargo ship. The objective of his journey was to sail round the southern point of Africa in order find a seaway and a trade route to India . At Angra Pequena (now Lüderitzbucht , Namibia ) he erected a cross. Then a tremendous storm forced his ships off course and he and his crew did not reach land until they entered the bay, which is known today as Mossel Bay . It was then that Dias realised that they had already passed the tip of Africa and had actually discovered the sea route to the East. The indigenous Khoi pastoralists fled when they saw the ships entering the bay. On the island of St. Croix near Algoa Bay he also erected a cross and probably kept on sailing until they reached the Fish River in the present Eastern Cape . There the small fleet had to turn back because of insufficient supplies on board. On his return voyage Dias, elated by the realisation of having discovered the sea route to India , changed the name Cabo Tormentoso ‘cape of storms’ to Cabo da boa Esperanza ‘cape of good hope’. Portugal continued the expansion of its Indian empire and Portuguese fleets to the East regularly passed the Cape . In 1498 Vasco da Gama named the above-mentioned bay where Dias landed Aguada de Sâo Bras ‘fountain-head of St. Blaize’. On his voyage to India (1501-1502) Joâo de Nova and his fleet also visited the bay and in his turn he named it Golfo dos Vaqueiros ‘bay of herdsmen’. He also built a small chapel, the first Christian structure erected in South Africa . De Nova continued his journey and reached Rio de la Goa ‘river of the lake’, the place that was named in 1544 by Lourenço Marques after himself. In 1503 one of the three squadrons belonging to this fleet was under the command of Antonio de Saldanha who made a navigational error and eventually reached the bay now known as Table Bay . In March 1510 the Portuguese viceroy Francisco d’ Almeida who had just established Portuguese authority in the Indian Ocean, and a number of his high-ranking officers were killed in Table Bay during a skirmish with a group of Khoi. The inhospitable coastline of Southern Africa was the most important reason why the Portuguese rulers were not interested in occupying this country.

What did Burma change its name to in 1989?

BBC News - Should it be Burma or Myanmar? BBC News Should it be Burma or Myanmar? WHO, WHAT, WHY? The Magazine answers... 'Burma' to the pro-democracy camp Protest marches in Burma have entered a ninth day. But why is the country not known in the UK by its official name, Myanmar? The eyes of the world's media are focused on Rangoon, where tensions are rising in the streets, yet news organisations and nations differ in what they call the country. The ruling military junta changed its name from Burma to Myanmar in 1989, a year after thousands were killed in the suppression of a popular uprising. Rangoon also became Yangon. THE ANSWER It's known as Myanmar in many countries and at the UN But the UK doesn't recognise the legitimacy of the regime that changed the name The Adaptation of Expression Law also introduced English language names for other towns, some of which were not ethnically Burmese. The change was recognised by the United Nations, and by countries such as France and Japan, but not by the United States and the UK. A statement by the Foreign Office says: "Burma's democracy movement prefers the form 'Burma' because they do not accept the legitimacy of the unelected military regime to change the official name of the country. Internationally, both names are recognised." It's general practice at the BBC to refer to the country as Burma, and the BBC News website says this is because most of its audience is familiar with that name rather than Myanmar. The same goes for Rangoon, people in general are more familiar with this name than Yangon. But look in a Lonely Planet guidebook to Asia and the country can be found listed after Mongolia, not Brunei. The Rough Guide does not cover Burma at all, because the pro-democracy movement has called for a tourism boycott. HOW IS MYANMAR PRONOUNCED? How to say 'Myanmar' So does the choice of Burma or Myanmar indicate a particular political position? Mark Farmener, of Burma Campaign UK, says: "Often you can tell where someone's sympathies lie if they use Burma or Myanmar. Myanmar is a kind of indicator of countries that are soft on the regime. "But really it's not important. Who cares what people call the country? It's the human rights abuses that matter. "There's not a really strong call from the democracy movement saying you should not call it Myanmar, they just challenge the legitimacy of the regime. It's probable it will carry on being called Myanmar after the regime is gone." Colloquial name The two words mean the same thing and one is derived from the other. Burmah, as it was spelt in the 19th Century, is a local corruption of the word Myanmar. They have both been used within Burma for a long time, says anthropologist Gustaaf Houtman, who has written extensively about Burmese politics. WHO, WHAT, WHY? A regular part of the BBC News Magazine, Who, What, Why? aims to answer some of the questions behind the headlines "There's a formal term which is Myanmar and the informal, everyday term which is Burma. Myanmar is the literary form, which is ceremonial and official and reeks of government. [The name change] is a form of censorship." If Burmese people are writing for publication, they use 'Myanmar', but speaking they use 'Burma', he says. This reflects the regime's attempt to impose the notion that literary language is master, Mr Houtman says, but there is definitely a political background to it. Richard Coates, a linguist at the University of Western England, says adopting the traditional, formal name is an attempt by the junta to break from the colonial past. The UN uses Myanmar, presumably deferring to the idea that its members can call themselves what they wish Richard Coates, Linguist "Local opposition groups do not accept that, and presumably prefer to use the 'old' colloquial name, at least until they have a government with popular legitimacy. Governments that agree with this stance still call the country Burma. "The UN uses Myanmar, presumably deferring to the idea that its members can call themselves what they wish, provided the decision is recorded in UN proceedings. The

A 25 km causeway, the longest in the world, links Saudi Arabia with which other country?

A 25 km causeway, the longest in the world, links Saudi Arabia withwhich other country? View the step-by-step solution to: A 25 km causeway, the longest in the world, links Saudi Arabia withwhich other country? This question was answered on May 20, 2016. View the Answer A 25 km causeway, the longest in the world, links Saudi Arabia withwhich other country? solemichael posted a question · May 20, 2016 at 2:55am Top Answer josewriter23 answered the question · May 20, 2016 at 2:57am Other Answers The way to approach this... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627784) ]} connecting Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. hamniwezi May 20, 2016 at 2:57am {[ getNetScore(29627792) ]} {[ getNetScore(29627799) ]} princessjane answered the question · May 20, 2016 at 2:58am The King Fahd Causeway is a series of bridges and causeways connecting Saudi Arabia and... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627815) ]} The King Fahd Cause way   is a series... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29627842) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions What was a popular nickname for American infantrymen during World War I? Recently Asked Questions Need an US History tutor? Lernon 3 US History experts found online! Average reply time is less than an hour Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. - Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! - Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!

Beside which river are the Indian cities of Delhi and Agra?

Agra travel guide - Wikitravel Taj Mahal[ edit ] Rules and Regulations at the Taj Mahal Security is tight and rules and regulations are very important and must be followed at the Taj Mahal. There are many rules to be followed at the premises of the monument to maintain the holiness of the monument and other rules are mostly for the maintenance and protection of the monument. Remaining rules and regulations are to be followed for the protection of all the tourists visiting the Taj Mahal. •Arms, ammunition, fire, smoking items, tobacco products, liquor, food, chewing gum, knives, wire, mobile charger, electric goods (except video cameras, photography cameras and similar consumer electronic products like MP3 players, iPhones, Smartphones etc. and music players) are prohibited inside the Taj Mahal complex. Leave these in the hotel or in your driver's car. Avoid carrying a bag altogether if you can as the bag scanning process is cumbersome. •Playing cards, games, dice, etc. may be prohibited depending on the guard. •Mobile phones are allowed. They don't really seem to enforce this with camera phones. •Eating and smoking is strictly prohibited inside the Taj Mahal complex. •Lockers are available at the gates to keep your belongings (of course, at your own risk). •Avoid carrying big bags and books inside the monument as this may increase your security check time. •Video camera (handicam) is allowed up to the red sand stone platform at the main entrance gate of the Taj Mahal complex. There is a charge of 25 Rupees per video camera. •Photography is prohibited inside the main mausoleum, and visitors are requested not to make noise inside the mausoleum. •Tourists must co-operate in keeping the monument neat and clean by making use of dustbins. •Avoid touching and scratching the walls and surfaces of the monument as these are old heritage sites that need special care. •Tourists are advised to hire official audio guides available at the ASI ticket counter or to use only pre-arranged approved guides. Pre-arranged approved guides charge Rs. 900 and the audio guide costs Rs. 100 + taxes Warning - touts regularly exhibit fake identity cards. Some will try to convince you that a guide is included in the ticket price (it's not) - ignore them and walk away. •Tourists are allowed to carry a water bottle inside the monument. Shoe covers, 1/2 litre water bottle and Tourist Guide Map of Agra are provided free of cost with the foreigner's entry ticket for the Taj Mahal. After getting your ticket, proceed to the side of the ticket window to collect your water and shoe covers. •Wheelchairs for disabled persons and First Aid Boxes are available at A.S.I. Office inside the Taj Mahal complex. A refundable charge of ₹1000 is to be deposited as security before wheelchairs are made available for the disabled. •All the above mentioned items along with the mobile phones are banned for the night viewing of the Taj Mahal. •Video cameras are permitted after the security check during night viewing of the Taj Mahal, though extra batteries are prohibited. •Remember that the Taj Mahal is a religious site and it is best to dress conservatively when visiting the Taj Mahal complex, not only because the Taj Mahal itself is a mausoleum, but also because there are mosques inside the Taj Mahal complex, if you wish to visit them as well. Grand Entrance Building to the Taj Mahal Complex Gate to the Taj Mahal Complex showing intricate work and Quranic passages in Arabic Agra Fort, as seen from the Taj Mahal Please note that the Taj Mahal is closed every Friday. 'If you buy the foreigner high price ticket, you go in a separate, much smaller line and they give you shoe covers and water. Touts (tour guides) will say they can cut the line because they're guides, but you get in the smaller line anyway with your 750 Rupee ticket.' The Taj Mahal is an immense mausoleum of white marble, built between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife. Taj Mahal means Crown Palace. One of his wife's names was Mumtaz Mahal, Ornament of the Pal

On which inland sea do the ports of Astrakhan and Baku lie?

Caspian Ocean | Article about Caspian Ocean by The Free Dictionary Caspian Ocean | Article about Caspian Ocean by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Caspian+Ocean Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Caspian Sea (kăs`pēən), Lat. Mare Caspium or Mare Hyrcanium, salt lake, c.144,000 sq mi (373,000 sq km), between Europe and Asia; the largest lake in the world. It is bordered on the northeast by Kazakhstan, on the southeast by Turkmenistan, on the south by Iran, on the southwest by Azerbaijan, and on the northwest by Russia. The Caspian's surface lies 92 ft (28 m) below sea level. It reaches its maximum depth, c.3,200 ft (980 m), in the south; the shallow northern half averages only about 17 ft (5 m). The Caucasus Mts. rise from the southwestern shore, and the Elburz Mts. parallel the southern coast. The Caspian receives the Volga (which supplies more than 75% of its inflow), Ural, Emba, Kura, and Terek rivers, but has no outlet. The rate of evaporation is particularly high in the eastern inlet called Garabogazkol Garabogazkol or Kara-Bogaz-Gol , shallow bay,, in Turkmenistan. An arm of the Caspian Sea, it acts as a natural evaporation basin, drawing off the water of the Caspian and depositing salts along its shores. ..... Click the link for more information. , which is exploited for salt. Variations in evaporation account for great changes in the size of the sea during the course of history. The damming and diversion of the Volga's water for industrial and residential use have been the leading reasons for the lowering of the Caspian's water level, a problem of serious proportions. The chief ports on the Caspian are Bakı a major oil center, and Astrakhan Astrakhan , city (1990 pop. 521,000), capital of Astrakhan region, SE European Russia. A Caspian Sea port on the Volga River's southern delta, it is a center for river transport thanks to a canal built for barge traffic. ..... Click the link for more information. , at the mouth of the Volga. Underlying the Caspian are some of the world's largest oil reserves, and the five surrounding countries, all with major stakes in oil-field development, have disputed zones of control, although Russia has signed territorial agreements with Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan. The Caspian also has important fisheries. The northern part of the sea is the chief source of beluga caviar, but the destruction of spawning areas and illegal fishing has greatly reduced the number of sturgeon, and fishing quotas have been imposed. In 2003 a framework treaty for the protection of the sea's environment was signed by four of the surrounding nations; Turkmenistan did not sign. Caspian Sea   (from the Greek Kaspion pelagos, the Latin Caspium Mare), the world’s largest inland body of water, located on the territory of the USSR (RSFSR, Kazakh SSR, Turkmen SSR, and Azerbaijan SSR) and Iran. The Caspian is frequently considered the largest lake in the world; this is inaccurate, however, since by its size, the nature of its processes, and its developmental history the Caspian is a sea. It received its name from the ancient Caspi tribes who inhabited the eastern part of the Caucasus. Among its other historical names are the Hyrcanian, Khvalyn (Khvaliss), and Khazar seas—also derived from the names of ancient peoples who inhabited its shores. Physical geographic survey. GENERAL INFORMATION. The Caspian Sea extends almost 1, 200 km from north to south, and it has an average width of 320 km and a shoreline of about 7, 000 km (including more than 6, 000 km within the ussr). Its area is about 371,000 sq km, and its level is 28.5 m below the level of the world ocean (1969). The maximum depth is 1, 025 m. in 1929, prior to the considerable drop in the level of the Caspian Sea, its area was 422, 000 sq km. The largest gulfs are Kizliar and Komsomolets in the north, Mangyshlak, Kenderli, Kazakh, Kara-Bogaz-Gol, and Krasnovodsk in the east, and Agrakhan and Baku in the west. In the south there are shallow lagoons. The Caspian has up to 50 islands, predominantly small ones (with a total

Which country was suspended from the Arab League for ten years from 1979?

The Arab League - Council on Foreign Relations Council on Foreign Relations Authors: Jonathan Masters , Deputy Editor, and Mohammed Aly Sergie Updated: October 21, 2014 See More of the Most Viewed Introduction Founded in March 1945, the League of Arab States (or Arab League) is a loose confederation of twenty-two Arab nations, including Palestine, whose broad mission is to improve coordination among its members on matters of common interest. The League was chartered in response to concerns about postwar colonial divisions of territory as well as strong opposition to the emergence of a Jewish state in Palestine, but it has long been criticized for disunity and poor governance. Critics also say it has traditionally been more representative of its various autocratic regimes than of Arab citizens. The organization had the opportunity to advance social interests with the push for Palestinian statehood at the UN and the unrest in many Arab countries in 2011. Some critics see positive developments in the League's actions in Libya, where it supported a no-fly zone and the ouster of Muammar al-Qaddafi, and in Syria, where it orchestrated a fact-finding mission to observe the conflict and called on President Bashar al-Assad to step down after months of deadly clashes with protesters. A League of Their Own According to its charter , the founding members of the Arab League (Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, and Yemen) agreed to seek "close cooperation" on matters of economics, communication, culture, nationality, social welfare, and health. They renounced violence for the settlement of conflicts between members and empowered League offices to mediate in such disputes, as well as in those with non-members. Signatories agreed to collaborate in military affairs ; this accord was strengthened with a 1950 pact committing members to treat acts of aggression on any member state as an act against all. The charter established the Arab League headquarters in Cairo, created a permanent General Secretariat, and scheduled sessions to meet biannually, or at the request of two members in extraordinary circumstances. A formal commitment to international human rights law entered League conventions in 2004 (it was ratified in 2008) when some members adopted the Arab Charter on Human Rights . The charter has an annex on the issue of Palestine. It affirms Palestinian independence and states that "even though the outward signs of this independence have remained veiled as a result of force majeure," an Arab delegate from Palestine should "participate in [the League's] work until this country enjoys actual independence." The Arab League has no mechanism to compel members' compliance with its resolutions, a void that has led critics like NYU Associate Professor Mohamad Bazzi to describe the organization as a "glorified debating society." The charter states that decisions reached by a majority "shall bind only those [states] that accept them," which places a premium on national sovereignty and limits the League's ability to take collective action. While some actions are taken under the aegis of the Arab League, they are executed only by a small faction. Bazzi says, "During the Lebanese civil war, the Arab League had limited success trying to help negotiate a peace, but in the end it was the individual powers, in this case Syria and Saudi Arabia, that helped end the conflict by convening the Taif Agreement . Technically it was under League auspices, but it was really Saudi Arabia and Syria as the driving force." A Pan-Arab Pedigree The concept of an integrated Arab polity based on shared culture and historical experience, which is at the heart of the Arab League's charter, dates to the Islamic caliphates under the disciples of Mohammed. Modern pan-Arabism, or Arab nationalism, arose in opposition to Ottoman rule and nineteenth-century attempts to impose the Turkic language and culture on Arab subjects. During World War I, the Sharif of Mecca led an Arab revolt against the Ottomans in concert with British forces. The British government a

With what is the Japanese art of bonsai concerned?

The Art of Bonsai Project - Penjing: A Chinese Renaissance The Art of Bonsai Project Discuss this article >> Chinese Elm (Ulmus parvifolia) created by Wang Huaishun from Ningde, Fujian Province. The height of the tallest tree is 44". In the West, penjing has come a long way. For decades, the art of dwarfing trees in containers had been attributed exclusively to the Japanese. Bonsai, we were told, was a Japanese invention. The first teachers were Japanese, and the first books were translated from the Japanese or written in English by Japanese immigrants. But then there was Wu Yee-sun, a wealthy Hong Kong banker. He not only possessed a sizeable collection of miniature trees and landscapes but the wherewithal to speak for a country that had become impoverished and isolated from the rest of the world although for over a millennium, it had been the leading cultural influence in Far East Asia. Mr. Wu's title "Man Lung Artistic Pot Plants", first published in 1969 and re-issued in a second and enlarged edition in 1974, caused a stir in the monolithic bonsai universe because he maintained that in China, the art of miniaturizing trees had roots extending back well over a thousand years! And the claims of this "cultured farmer" ("man lung") were just the beginning. In the mid 1980's, two books by Hu Yunhua, a mainland Chinese author, became available in English. "Penjing: The Chinese Art of Miniature Gardens" (Timber Press, 1982) and "Chinese Penjing: Miniature Trees and Landscapes" (Timber Press, 1987) both showcased penjing from various geographic regions of the People's Republic. While many of the trees appeared crude and imperfect to the eyes of bonsai artists trained in the Japanese tradition, they also exuded a spirit of bold personality and brave artistic expression that some Western artists did not fail to notice. Then came the first exhibits and the first visits by Chinese artists on U.S. soil. A few Americans revealed that their initial exposure to penjing resembled a coming-out-of-the-closet type of experience. A genuine liberation. They rejoiced over the fact that the straightjacket of rigid rules and regulations had been cracked and permission granted to pursue a greater level of artistic experimentation. Since the early days, this chorus has grown steadily. Meanwhile, bonsai enthusiasts in warm climates discovered that the more intuitive and free-flowing styling methods of Chinese artists suited their natural environment better than many classical Japanese methods. They found that the vivacity and profuse grace innate to tropical species such as Ficus or Bougainvillea call for a less formal approach to tree art. Fig (Ficus retusa) created by Ye Mingxuan from Guangdong Province. This tree, 42-1/4" tall, has been defoliated for an exhibit to show its fine ramification. It is planted in a 41" container. These advances in the West became possible because by the late 1970's, after many decades of wars and imperial domination, destruction, famines, revolution, international isolation and Communist experiments, the giant formerly known as the Middle Kingdom was stirring and realigning itself. Unknown to the rest of the world, some men had bravely begun to re-evaluate penjing in the hope of revitalizing this ancient art. There were formidable obstacles. Many fine collections had perished in 100 + years of man-made disasters. And much of the former art had degenerated into regional "schools" consisting of craftsmen and folk artists determined to coerce trees into weird, pre-conceived shapes such as dragons, cloud layers, and so on. Undaunted, these visionaries resolved to connect with the lofty spirit of earlier times and to build on their time-honored tradition while experimenting with new forms and techniques. Eventually, a genuine renaissance got underway. And with the substantial economic growth that began in the 1980's and continues through today, particularly the stability that rising living standards have brought to people's lives, penjing in China has once more become a force to be reckoned with. Personally, I was

By what name was Thailand known until 1939?

��ࡱ�>�� 
46
����3��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5@ ��0�bjbj�2�2 4 �X�X� �������|
|
|
|
|
|
|
�
XXXXl �
���p�����~r4� qssssss$�R2��|
������|
|
�������|
�|
�q��q� �|
|
�x ������
X�q�0���:��
�
|
|
|
|
�|
X��H ��� � �������
�
d�d� �
�
�

Thailand was known as Siam until 1939. The name "Thailand" means "Land of the Free". The Mekong River, the longest river in South-East Asia, forms a border between Thailand and Laos. Phunket is Thailand's largest island. White (albino) elephants were highly prized by the kings of Thailand. The  HYPERLINK "http://www.meezer.com/" Siamese cat was brought to Britain from Thailand in 1884 by the British Consul General of Bangkok. Thailand's largest reclining Buddha image can be found in the temple, Wat Po. The world's tallest Buddhist monument in the world stands 127 meters (387 feet) in the town of Nakhon Pathom. Most young men are Buddhist monks for a short time and shaven-head monks go out and ask for alms each morning. In Bangkok, and elsewhere in Thailand, goods can be bought from floating markets where produce is sold from boats. Silk production has a long tradition in Thailand. "The Golden Triangle" where Thailand, Laos and Myanmar meet on the Mekong River was a centre for growing opium poppies. "The Beach", written by Alex Garland, is about a young backpacker who found a legendary beach in Thailand. The story was later made into a film. On 26 December 2004, a  HYPERLINK "http://www.worldinfozone.com/features.php?section=PartnersDiscussion3" quake occurred under the sea near Aceh in north Indonesia (8.9 on the Richter scale); this produced tsunamis causing flooding and destruction in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka and the east coast of

What kind of wild cattle with shaggy coats and upturned horns live in the mountains of Tibet?

Yakking | Article about yakking by The Free Dictionary Yakking | Article about yakking by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/yakking Related to yakking: yacks yak, bovine mammal, Bos grunniens, of the Tibet region of China and adjacent areas. It is oxlike in build, with short, thick legs, humped shoulders, large upcurved horns, and a thick coat that hangs down to the ankles. Wild yaks were formerly found from Kashmir to W China, but were so extensively hunted for meat and hides that they now survive only in isolated highlands at elevations above 14,000 ft (4,300 m). They live in herds numbering from 10 to 100 animals, mostly females and young led by a few old bulls; males are mostly solitary. Yaks have been domesticated in Tibet for centuries, and the domestic form has been introduced into other parts of central Asia. The wild yak may attain a shoulder height of 65 in. (165 cm) and have horns 3 ft (90 cm) long; its coat is dark brown. The domesticated yak is smaller, with short horns; its coat, which may be long enough to reach the ground, may be black, brown, reddish, piebald, or albino. Yaks can live on vegetation so sparse that it cannot support other domesticated animals. The domestic yak is a source of milk, butter, meat, hair (for cloth), and leather and is also much used as a beast of burden. Yaks are classified in the phylum Chordata Chordata , phylum of animals having a notochord, or dorsal stiffening rod, as the chief internal skeletal support at some stage of their development. Most chordates are vertebrates (animals with backbones), but the phylum also includes some small marine invertebrate animals. ..... Click the link for more information. , subphylum Vertebrata, class Mammalia, order Artiodactyla, family Bovidae. Yak   (Poephagus grunniens), a ruminant of the subfamily Bovinae. The yak occurs in the wild only in Tibet. A large animal, the wild yak sometimes reaches a height of 2 m and a weight of 1 ton. The body is massive. The legs are relatively short, and there is a hump at the shoulders. The long, rather slender horns of the males spread outward, forward, and then upward. The horns of the females are shorter than those of the males. The black-brown coat is thick, and there is a warm undercoat. The hair is especially long on the abdomen, chest, and legs, forming a “skirt” that keeps the animal warm when it lies on the snow. The tail is covered with long, coarse hair. The wild yak inhabits forest-less high-desert plateaus. It is solitary or lives in groups of two or three. It feeds on herbaceous vegetation, which it can obtain even from under the snow. Mating occurs in September or October, with a single young born in June and July. The wild yak avoids contact with human habitation; hence, crowded out by domestic herds, it is decreasing alarmingly in number. Domesticated yaks are raised in high-mountain regions of China and Mongolia. In the USSR they are raised in the Gomo-Altai AO, the southwestern Tuva ASSR, the Kirghiz SSR, and the Buriat ASSR. They are smaller than wild yaks. Adult males weigh 400–450 kg, and adult females 270–300 kg. The annual milk productivity is 300–350 kg of marketable milk per year; the fat content of the milk is 6–7 percent. The lactation period is 170 to 180 days; the calves are suckled. Yaks pasture under the open sky year-round. They are valuable work animals, able to easily carry loads of as much as 140 kg on mountain trails. Yaks are also kept for their coarse-fibered flavorful meat. Hair clippings yield as much as 3 kg per year; the hair is used to manufacture coarse cloth and rope. Hybrids are obtained by crossing with cattle; bulls are fertile in the third or fourth generation. The hybrids exceed yaks in weight and productivity. yak