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. LRT Line 1 ( LRT - 1 ) , also called the Green Line ( formerly known as Yellow Line ) , opened in 1984 and travels a north -- south route . LRT Line 2 ( LRT - 2 ) , the Blue Line ( formerly known as Purple Line ) , was completed in 2004 and runs east -- west . The original LRT - 1 was built as a no - frills means of public transport and lacks some features and comforts , but the new LRT - 2 has been built with additional standards and criteria in mind like barrier - free access . Security guards at each station conduct inspections and provide assistance . A reusable plastic magnetic ticketing system has replaced the previous token - based system in 2001 , and the Flash Pass introduced as a step towards a more integrated transportation system . In 2015 , the plastic magnetic tickets were replaced with the Beep , a contactless smart card , was introduced to provide a common ticketing to 3 rail lines and some bus lines . Many passengers who ride the system also take various forms of road - based public transport , such as buses , to and from a station to reach their intended destination . Although it aims to reduce traffic congestion and travel times in the metropolis , the transportation system has only been partially successful due to the rising number of motor vehicles and rapid urbanization . The network 's expansion is set on tackling this problem . Contents 1 Network 2 History 3 Stations 4 Rolling stock 4.1 LRT Line 1 4.2 LRT Line 2 5 Safety and security 6 Fares 6.1 Ticketing 6.1. 1 Beep card 6.1. 2 Magnetic ticket 6.1. 3 Flash Pass 7 Future expansion 7.1 Extensions 7.2 New lines 7.3 Transfer of line operations 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Network ( edit ) Main articles : Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1 , Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2 , and List of LRT stations The network consists of two lines : the original LRT Line 1 ( LRT - 1 ) or Green Line , and the more modern LRT Line 2 ( LRT - 2 ) , or Blue Line . The LRT - 1 is aligned in a general north -- south direction along over 17.2 kilometers ( 10.7 mi ) of fully elevated track . From Monumento it runs south above the hustle and bustle of Rizal and Taft Avenues along grade - separated concrete viaducts allowing exclusive right - of - way before ending in Baclaran . A four - station east -- west extension along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue that will connect Monumento to the North Avenue station was opened in 2010 , although the common station is not yet constructed . Including the extension 's two recently opened stations , Balintawak and Roosevelt , the LRT - 1 has twenty stations . The LRT - 2 or Line 2 consists of eleven stations | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 | -7,724,122,157,029,450,000 | <P> The Manila Light Rail Transit System ( Filipino : Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila ) , popularly and informally known as the LRT , is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines . Although referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles , it has characteristics that make it more akin to a rapid transit ( metro ) system , such as high passenger throughput , exclusive right - of - way and later use of full metro rolling stock . The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) , a government - owned and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of Transportation ( DOTr ) . Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System ( MRT - 3 , also called the new Yellow Line ) , and Philippine National Railways 's commuter line , the system makes up Metro Manila 's rail infrastructure . </P> | The Manila Light Rail Transit System | -7724122157029449731_2 | false | The Manila Light Rail Transit System, also known as LRT, is a public transportation system in the Philippines. It consists of two lines: LRT Line 1, also known as the Green Line, and LRT Line 2, also known as the Blue Line. LRT Line 1 runs in a north-south direction along over 17.2 kilometers of fully elevated track, while LRT Line 2 runs east-west. The system aims to reduce traffic congestion and travel times in the metropolis, but has only been partially successful due to the rising number of motor vehicles and rapid urbanization. The network's expansion is set on tackling this problem. The LRT system is an important means of public transport in the Philippines, providing barrier-free access and security guards at each station to conduct inspections and provide assistance. The ticketing system has evolved over the years, from a token-based system to a reusable plastic magnetic ticketing system, and finally to the Beep, a contactless smart card introduced in 2015 to provide a common ticketing to 3 rail lines and some bus lines. Many passengers who ride the system also take various forms of road-based public transport, such as buses, to and from a station to reach their intended destination. The LRT system plays a crucial role in the transportation infrastructure of the Philippines, and its expansion and modernization are ongoing efforts to address the challenges of urban transportation in the country. |
and Roosevelt , the LRT - 1 has twenty stations . The LRT - 2 or Line 2 consists of eleven stations in a general east -- west direction over 13.8 kilometers ( 8.57 mi ) of mostly elevated track , with one station lying underground . Commencing in Recto , the line follows a corridor defined by Claro M. Recto and Legarda Avenues , Ramon Magsaysay and Aurora Boulevards , and the Marikina - Infanta Highway before reaching the other end of the line at Santolan . The system passes through the cities of Caloocan , Manila , Marikina , Pasay , Pasig , Quezon City , and San Juan . Every day around 430,000 passengers board the LRT - 1 , and 175,000 ride the LRT - 2 . During peak hours , the LRT - 1 fields 29 trains ; the time interval between the departure of one and the arrival of another , called headway , is a minimum of 4 minutes . The LRT - 2 runs 12 trains with a minimum headway of 5 minutes . With the proper upgrades , the Yellow Line is designed to potentially run with headway as low as 1.5 minutes . The LRT - 2 can run with headway as low as 2 minutes with throughput of up to 60,000 passengers per hour per direction ( pphpd ) . In conjunction with the MRT - 3 -- also known as the new Yellow Line , a similar but separate metro rail system operated by the private Metro Rail Transit Corporation ( MRTC ) -- the system provides the platform for the vast majority of rail travel in the Metro Manila area . Together with the PNR , the three constitute the SRTS . Recto and Doroteo Jose serve as the sole interchange between both lines of the LRTA . Araneta Center - Cubao and EDSA stations serve as interchanges between the LRTA and the MRTC networks . To transfer lines , passengers will need to exit from the station they are in then pass through covered walkways connecting the stations . Blumentritt station meanwhile is immediately above its PNR counterpart . Baclaran , Central Terminal , and Monumento are the LRT - 1 's three terminal stations ; Recto , Araneta Center - Cubao , and Santolan are the terminal stations on the LRT - 2 . All of them are located on or near major transport routes where passengers can take other forms of transportation such as privately run buses and jeepneys to reach their ultimate destination both within Metro Manila and in neighboring provinces . The system has two depots : the LRT - 1 uses the Pasay Depot at LRTA headquarters in Pasay , near Baclaran station , while the LRT - 2 uses the Santolan Depot built by Sumitomo in Pasig . The LRT - 1 and LRT - 2 are open every day of the year from 4 : 30 am PST ( UTC + 8 ) until 10 : 15 pm on weekdays , and from 5 : 00 am until 9 : 50 pm on weekends , except when changes have been announced . Notice of special schedules is given through press releases , via the public address system in every station , and on the LRTA website . History ( edit ) Steam - powered tranvia that served Malabon and Tondo from 1888 to 1898 . Early train | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 | -7,724,122,157,029,450,000 | <P> The Manila Light Rail Transit System ( Filipino : Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila ) , popularly and informally known as the LRT , is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines . Although referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles , it has characteristics that make it more akin to a rapid transit ( metro ) system , such as high passenger throughput , exclusive right - of - way and later use of full metro rolling stock . The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) , a government - owned and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of Transportation ( DOTr ) . Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System ( MRT - 3 , also called the new Yellow Line ) , and Philippine National Railways 's commuter line , the system makes up Metro Manila 's rail infrastructure . </P> | The Manila Light Rail Transit System | -7724122157029449731_3 | false | The LRT in the Philippines stands for the Manila Light Rail Transit System. It consists of two lines, LRT-1 and LRT-2, with a total of 31 stations. LRT-1 has twenty stations and runs from Baclaran to Roosevelt, while LRT-2 consists of eleven stations and runs from Recto to Santolan. The system serves several cities in Metro Manila, including Caloocan, Manila, Marikina, Pasay, Pasig, Quezon City, and San Juan. The LRT-1 carries around 430,000 passengers daily, while the LRT-2 carries 175,000 passengers. The trains run at intervals of 4-5 minutes during peak hours, with the potential to run at even shorter intervals with proper upgrades. The LRT system, along with the MRT-3, provides the majority of rail travel in the Metro Manila area. The system has several interchange stations and terminal stations, as well as two depots for maintenance. The LRT operates every day from early morning until late evening, with special schedules announced through various channels. |
) Steam - powered tranvia that served Malabon and Tondo from 1888 to 1898 . Early train system ( 1878 - 1945 ) The system 's roots date back to 1878 , when an official from Spain 's Department of Public Works for the Philippines submitted a proposal for a Manila streetcar system . The system proposed was a five - line network emanating from Plaza San Gabriel in Binondo , running to Intramuros , Malate , Malacañan Palace , Sampaloc and Tondo . The project was approved and in 1882 , Spanish German businessman Jacobo Zóbel de Zangroniz , Spanish engineer Luciano M. Bremon , and Spanish banker Adolfo Bayo , founded the Compañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas to operate the concession granted by the Spanish colonial government . The Malacañan Palace line was later replaced with a line linking Manila to Malabon , and construction began in 1885 . Four German - made steam - operated locomotives and eight coaches for nine passengers each , composed the initial assets of the company . The Manila - Malabon line was the first line of the new system to be finished , opening to the public on October 20 , 1888 , with the rest of the network opening in 1889 . From the beginning it proved to be a very popular line , with services originating from Tondo as early as 5 : 30 a.m. and ending at 7 : 30 p.m. , while trips from Malabon were from 6 : 00 a.m. until 8 : 00 p.m. , every hour on the hour in the mornings , and every half - hour beginning at 1 : 30 p.m. in the afternoon . With the American takeover of the Philippines , the Philippine Commission allowed the Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company ( MERALCO ) to take over the properties of the Compañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas , with the first of twelve mandated electric tranvia ( tram ) lines operated by MERALCO opening in Manila in 1905 . At the end of the first year around 63 kilometers ( 39 mi ) of track had been laid . A five - year reconstruction program was initiated in 1920 , and by 1924 , 170 cars serviced many parts of the city and its outskirts . Although it was an efficient system for the city 's 220,000 inhabitants , by the 1930s the streetcar network had stopped expanding . A tranvia from the 1910s Post-war ( 1945 - 1970s ) The system was closed during World War II . By the war 's end , the tram network was damaged beyond repair amid a city that lay in ruins . It was dismantled and jeepneys became the city 's primary form of transportation , plying the routes once served by the tram lines . With the return of buses and cars to the streets , traffic congestion became a problem . In 1966 , the Philippine government granted a franchise to Philippine Monorail Transport Systems ( PMTS ) for the operation of an inner - city monorail . The monorail 's feasibility was still being evaluated when the government asked the Japan International Cooperation Agency ( JICA ) to conduct a separate transport study . Prepared between 1971 and 1973 , the JICA | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 | -7,724,122,157,029,450,000 | <P> The Manila Light Rail Transit System ( Filipino : Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila ) , popularly and informally known as the LRT , is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines . Although referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles , it has characteristics that make it more akin to a rapid transit ( metro ) system , such as high passenger throughput , exclusive right - of - way and later use of full metro rolling stock . The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) , a government - owned and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of Transportation ( DOTr ) . Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System ( MRT - 3 , also called the new Yellow Line ) , and Philippine National Railways 's commuter line , the system makes up Metro Manila 's rail infrastructure . </P> | The Manila Light Rail Transit System | -7724122157029449731_4 | false | The early train system in the Philippines dates back to 1878 when a proposal for a Manila streetcar system was submitted. The system was approved and in 1882, the Compañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas was founded to operate the concession granted by the Spanish colonial government. The first line of the new system, the Manila - Malabon line, opened to the public on October 20, 1888, and proved to be very popular. With the American takeover of the Philippines, the Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company (MERALCO) took over the properties of the Compañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas and initiated a reconstruction program in 1920. However, by the 1930s, the streetcar network had stopped expanding.
The system was closed during World War II and was dismantled after the war, with jeepneys becoming the city's primary form of transportation. In 1966, the Philippine government granted a franchise to Philippine Monorail Transport Systems (PMTS) for the operation of an inner-city monorail. The monorail's feasibility was still being evaluated when the government asked the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to conduct a separate transport study.
The Manila Light Rail Transit System (LRT) is a rapid transit system in Metro Manila, Philippines. It is one of the main modes of transportation in the city and serves millions of passengers daily. The LRT consists of two lines, Line 1 and Line 2, which connect various parts of the city and its outskirts. The system plays a crucial role in alleviating traffic congestion and providing efficient transportation for the city's inhabitants. |
Agency ( JICA ) to conduct a separate transport study . Prepared between 1971 and 1973 , the JICA study proposed a series of circumferential and radial roads , an inner - city rapid transit system , a commuter railway , and an expressway with three branches . After further examination , many recommendations were adopted ; however , none of them involved rapid transit and the monorail was never built . PMTS ' franchise subsequently expired in 1974 . Another study was performed between 1976 and 1977 , this time by Freeman Fox and Associates and funded by the World Bank . It originally suggested a street - level railway , but its recommendations were revised by the newly formed Ministry of Transportation and Communications ( now the DOTC ) . The ministry instead called for an elevated system because of the city 's many intersections . However , the revisions increased the price of the project from ₱ 1.5 billion to ₱ 2 billion . A supplementary study was conducted and completed within three months . Advent of the LRT ( 1970s to 2003 ) An LRT - 1 train approaching EDSA station President Ferdinand Marcos created the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) on July 12 , 1980 , by virtue of Executive Order No. 603 giving birth to what was then dubbed the `` Metrorail '' . First Lady Imelda Marcos , then governor of Metro Manila and minister of human settlements , became its first chairman . Although responsible for the operations of the LRT system , the LRTA primarily confined itself to setting and regulating fares , planning extensions and determining rules and policies , leaving the day - to - day operations to a sister company of Meralco called the Meralco Transit Organization ( METRO Inc . ) . Initial assistance for the project came in the form of a ₱ 300 million soft loan from the Belgian government , with an additional ₱ 700 million coming from a consortium of companies comprising SA Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi ( ACEC ) and BN Constructions Ferroviaires et Métalliques ( today both part of Bombardier Transportation ) , Tractionnel Engineering International ( TEI ) and Transurb Consult ( TC ) . Although expected to pay for itself from revenues within twenty years of the start of operation , it was initially estimated that the system would lose money until at least 1993 . For the first year of operation , despite a projected ₱ 365 million in gross revenue , losses of ₱ 216 million were thought likely . Construction of the LRT Line 1 started in September 1981 with the Construction and Development Corporation of the Philippines ( now the Philippine National Construction Corporation ) as the contractor with assistance from Losinger & Cie , a Swiss firm ( today Losinger Marazzi ) , and the Philippine subsidiary of the U.S. - based Dravo Corporation . The government appointed Electrowatt Engineering Services of Zürich to oversee construction and eventually became responsible for the | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 | -7,724,122,157,029,450,000 | <P> The Manila Light Rail Transit System ( Filipino : Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila ) , popularly and informally known as the LRT , is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines . Although referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles , it has characteristics that make it more akin to a rapid transit ( metro ) system , such as high passenger throughput , exclusive right - of - way and later use of full metro rolling stock . The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) , a government - owned and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of Transportation ( DOTr ) . Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System ( MRT - 3 , also called the new Yellow Line ) , and Philippine National Railways 's commuter line , the system makes up Metro Manila 's rail infrastructure . </P> | The Manila Light Rail Transit System | -7724122157029449731_5 | false | The Manila Light Rail Transit System (LRT) is a rapid transit system in Metro Manila, Philippines. It was first proposed in the 1970s, with various studies and recommendations made by different organizations and agencies. The LRTA was created in 1980 by President Ferdinand Marcos, with the initial assistance for the project coming from the Belgian government and a consortium of companies. Construction of the LRT Line 1 began in September 1981 and was overseen by Electrowatt Engineering Services of Zürich. The LRT system was initially expected to lose money until at least 1993, but it was projected to pay for itself from revenues within twenty years of operation. The LRT system has since become an important mode of transportation in Metro Manila, providing a means of efficient and convenient travel for the residents of the city. |
Engineering Services of Zürich to oversee construction and eventually became responsible for the extension studies of future expansion projects . The line was test - run in March 1984 , and the first half of LRT - 1 , from Baclaran to Central Terminal , was opened on December 1 , 1984 . The second half , from Central Terminal to Monumento , was opened on May 12 , 1985 . Overcrowding and poor maintenance took its toll a few years after opening . In 1990 , the LRT - 1 fell so far into disrepair due to premature wear and tear that trains headed to Central Terminal station had to slow to a crawl to avoid further damage to the support beams below as cracks reportedly began to appear . The premature ageing of LRT - 1 led to an extensive refurbishing and structural capacity expansion program with a help of Japan 's ODA . For the next few years LRT - 1 operations ran smoothly . In 2000 , however , employees of METRO Inc. went on strike , paralyzing LRT - 1 operations from July 25 to August 2 , 2000 . Consequently , the LRTA did not renew its operating contract with METRO Inc. that expired on July 31 , 2000 , and assumed all operational responsibility . At around 12 : 15 pm on December 30 , 2000 , a bomb -- later learned to have been planted by Islamic terrorists -- went off in the front coach of a LRT - 1 train pulling into Blumentritt station , killing 11 and injuring over 60 people in the most devastating of a series of attacks that day , now known as the Rizal Day bombings . The second LRT ( 2003 to present ) With Japan 's ODA amounting to 75 billion yen in total , the construction of the LRT Line 2 began in the 1990s , and the first section of the line , from Santolan to Araneta Center - Cubao , was opened on April 5 , 2003 . The second section , from Araneta Center - Cubao to Legarda , was opened exactly a year later , with the entire line being fully operational by October 29 , 2004 . During that time the LRT - 1 was modernized . Automated fare collection systems using magnetic stripe plastic tickets were installed ; air - conditioned trains added ; pedestrian walkways between Lines 1 , 2 , and MRT - 3 Lines completed . In 2005 , the LRTA made a profit of ₱ 68 million , the first time the agency made a profit since the LRT - 1 became operational in 1984 . On September 12 , 2015 , Light Rail Manila Corporation ( LRMC ) , a joint venture company of Metro Pacific 's Metro Pacific Light Rail Corporation ( MPLRC ) , Ayala Corporation 's AC Infrastructure Holdings Corporation ( AC Infra ) , and the Philippine Investment Alliance for Infrastructure 's Macquarie Infrastructure Holdings ( Philippines ) PTE Ltd . ( MIHPL ) , started a 32 - year concession for the operation and maintenance of LRT Line 1 and the construction of a ₱ 65 billion extension project to Bacoor , Cavite . Stations ( edit ) The concourse and platform areas of most LRT - 1 stations are both located on the same level . The LRT - 2 J. | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 | -7,724,122,157,029,450,000 | <P> The Manila Light Rail Transit System ( Filipino : Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila ) , popularly and informally known as the LRT , is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines . Although referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles , it has characteristics that make it more akin to a rapid transit ( metro ) system , such as high passenger throughput , exclusive right - of - way and later use of full metro rolling stock . The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) , a government - owned and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of Transportation ( DOTr ) . Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System ( MRT - 3 , also called the new Yellow Line ) , and Philippine National Railways 's commuter line , the system makes up Metro Manila 's rail infrastructure . </P> | The Manila Light Rail Transit System | -7724122157029449731_6 | false | The Manila Light Rail Transit System (LRT) in the Philippines is a rapid transit system that has undergone various construction and extension projects over the years. The LRT-1, which runs from Baclaran to Monumento, faced challenges with overcrowding and poor maintenance shortly after its opening in the 1980s. This led to an extensive refurbishing and structural capacity expansion program with the help of Japan's ODA. In 2000, the LRT-1 operations were paralyzed due to a strike, and the operating contract with METRO Inc. was not renewed, leading to the assumption of all operational responsibility by the LRTA.
The LRT-2, on the other hand, began construction in the 1990s with Japan's ODA funding and was fully operational by 2004. During this time, modernization efforts were made, including the installation of automated fare collection systems, air-conditioned trains, and pedestrian walkways between different lines. In 2015, the Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC) started a 32-year concession for the operation and maintenance of LRT Line 1 and the construction of a ₱65 billion extension project to Bacoor, Cavite.
The LRT stations are designed with the concourse and platform areas located on the same level, providing convenience for passengers. The LRT system has played a significant role in the transportation infrastructure of the Philippines, providing a rapid transit option for commuters in the bustling city of Manila. |
and platform areas of most LRT - 1 stations are both located on the same level . The LRT - 2 J. Ruiz station . Platforms are located on a separate level at LRT - 2 stations . With the exception of Katipunan ( which is underground ) , the LRTA 's 31 stations are elevated . They follow one of two different layouts . Most LRT - 1 stations are composed of only one level , accessible from the street below by stairway , containing the station 's concourse and platform areas separated by fare gates . The boarding platforms measure 100 meters ( 328 ft 1 in ) long and 3.5 meters ( 11 ft 6 in ) wide . Baclaran , Central Terminal , Carriedo , Balintawak , Roosevelt and North Avenue stations on the LRT - 1 , and all LRT - 2 stations are composed of two levels : a lower concourse level and an upper platform level ( reversed in the case of Katipunan ) . Fare gates separate the concourse level from the stairs and escalators that provide access to the platform level . All stations have side platforms except for Baclaran , which has one side and one island platform , and Santolan , which has an island platform . The concourse area at LRTA stations typically contain a passenger assistance office ( PAO ) , ticket purchasing areas ( ticket counters and / or ticket machines ) , and at least one stall that sells food and drinks . Terminal stations also have a public relations office . Stores and ATMs are usually found at street level outside the station , although there are instances where they can be found within the concourse . Some stations , such as Monumento , Libertad and Araneta Center - Cubao , are directly connected to shopping malls . LRT - 2 stations have two restrooms , but LRT - 1 restrooms have been the subject of criticism not only because of the provisioning of a single washroom at each station expected to serve all passengers ( whether male , female , disabled or otherwise ) , but also because of the impression that the lavatories are poorly maintained and unsanitary . Originally , the LRT Line 1 was not built with accessibility in mind . This is reflected in the LRT - 1 's lack of barrier - free facilities such as escalators and elevators . It is also inconvenient in other ways : for one , because of the use of side platforms , passengers wishing to access the other platform for the train bound in the opposite direction at single - level LRT - 1 stations need to exit the station ( and by extension , the system ) and pay a new fare . The newer LRT Line 2 , unlike its counterpart , is designed to be barrier - free and allows seamless transfer between platforms . Built by a joint venture between Hanjin and Itochu , LRT - 2 stations have wheelchair ramps , braille markings , and pathfinding embossed flooring leading to and from the boarding platforms in addition to escalators and elevators . In cooperation with the Philippine Daily Inquirer , copies of the Inquirer Libre -- a free , tabloid - size , Tagalog version of the | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 | -7,724,122,157,029,450,000 | <P> The Manila Light Rail Transit System ( Filipino : Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila ) , popularly and informally known as the LRT , is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines . Although referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles , it has characteristics that make it more akin to a rapid transit ( metro ) system , such as high passenger throughput , exclusive right - of - way and later use of full metro rolling stock . The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) , a government - owned and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of Transportation ( DOTr ) . Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System ( MRT - 3 , also called the new Yellow Line ) , and Philippine National Railways 's commuter line , the system makes up Metro Manila 's rail infrastructure . </P> | The Manila Light Rail Transit System | -7724122157029449731_7 | false | The Manila Light Rail Transit System, also known as LRT, is a public transportation system in the Philippines. The LRT-1 stations are mostly elevated, with the exception of the underground Katipunan station. Most LRT-1 stations have a single level with the concourse and platform areas separated by fare gates. The boarding platforms are 100 meters long and 3.5 meters wide. On the other hand, LRT-2 stations have separate levels for the concourse and platform areas, with fare gates providing access to the platform level.
The concourse area at LRTA stations typically contains a passenger assistance office, ticket purchasing areas, and food and drink stalls. Some stations are directly connected to shopping malls, while stores and ATMs are usually found at street level outside the station. LRT-2 stations have two restrooms, while LRT-1 restrooms have been criticized for their poor maintenance and lack of accessibility.
The LRT Line 1 was not originally built with accessibility in mind, lacking barrier-free facilities such as escalators and elevators. This makes it inconvenient for passengers wishing to access the other platform for the train bound in the opposite direction at single-level LRT-1 stations. On the other hand, the newer LRT Line 2 is designed to be barrier-free and allows seamless transfer between platforms, with wheelchair ramps, braille markings, and pathfinding embossed flooring leading to and from the boarding platforms in addition to escalators and elevators.
In cooperation with the Philippine Daily Inquirer, copies of the Inquirer Libre, a free, tabloid-size, Tagalog version of the newspaper, are distributed at LRT stations. |
Daily Inquirer , copies of the Inquirer Libre -- a free , tabloid - size , Tagalog version of the Inquirer broadsheet -- are available at selected LRTA stations from 6 : 00 am until the supply runs out . Rolling stock ( edit ) Four types of rolling stock run on the system , with three types used on the LRT Line 1 and another used on the LRT Line 2 . The LRT Line 1 railway cars were made either in Belgium by La Bruggeoise et Nivelle , South Korea by Hyundai Precision and Adtranz ( La bruggeoise et Nivelle and Adtranz are now part of Bombardier Transportation ) , or Japan by Kinki Sharyo and Nippon Sharyo . The LRT Line 2 , unlike the LRT Line 1 , runs heavy rail metro cars made in South Korea by Hyundai Rotem and provided by the Asia - Europe MRT Consortium led by Marubeni Corporation that have higher passenger capacity and maximum speed . All four types of rolling stock are powered by electricity supplied through overhead wires . Of the two LRTA lines , the LRT Line 2 prominently employs wrap advertising in its rolling stock . The LRT Line 1 have begun using wrap advertising as well initially for their second - generation trains , followed by their third - generation trains . LRT Line 1 ( edit ) Main article : Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1 The LRT Line 1 at various stages in its history has used a two - car , three - car , and four - car train . The two - car trains are the original first - generation BN trains ( railway cars numbered from 1000 ) . Most were transformed into three - car trains , although a lot of two - car trains remain in service . The four - car trains are the more modern second - generation Hyundai Precision and Adtranz ( numbered from 1100 ) and third - generation Kinki Sharyo / Nippon Sharyo ( 1200 ) trains . There are 139 railway cars grouped into 40 trains serving the line : 63 of these are first - generation cars , 28 second - generation , and 48 third - generation . One train car ( 1037 ) was severely damaged in the Rizal Day bombings and was subsequently decommissioned . The maximum speed of these cars is 80 kilometers per hour ( 50 mph ) . As part of the second phase of expansion on the Yellow Line , 12 new trains made in Japan by Kinki Sharyo and provided by the Manila Tren Consortium were shipped in the third quarter of 2006 and went into service in the first quarter of 2007 . The new air - conditioned trains have boosted the capacity of the line from 27,000 to 40,000 passengers per hour per direction . LRT Line 2 ( edit ) Main article : Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2 A train of the LRT Line 2 The LRT Line 2 fleet runs eighteen heavy rail four - car trains with lightweight stainless car bodies and 1,500 volt electric motors . They have a top speed of 80 kilometers per hour ( 50 mph ) and usually take around thirty minutes to journey from one end of the line to the other . Each train measures 3.2 meters ( 10 ft 6 in ) | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 | -7,724,122,157,029,450,000 | <P> The Manila Light Rail Transit System ( Filipino : Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila ) , popularly and informally known as the LRT , is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines . Although referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles , it has characteristics that make it more akin to a rapid transit ( metro ) system , such as high passenger throughput , exclusive right - of - way and later use of full metro rolling stock . The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) , a government - owned and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of Transportation ( DOTr ) . Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System ( MRT - 3 , also called the new Yellow Line ) , and Philippine National Railways 's commuter line , the system makes up Metro Manila 's rail infrastructure . </P> | The Manila Light Rail Transit System | -7724122157029449731_8 | false | The Manila Light Rail Transit System, also known as LRT, is a rapid transit system in Manila, Philippines. It consists of two lines, LRT Line 1 and LRT Line 2, with different types of rolling stock running on each line. The LRT Line 1 uses railway cars made in Belgium, South Korea, and Japan, while the LRT Line 2 employs heavy rail metro cars made in South Korea. Both lines are powered by electricity supplied through overhead wires. The LRT Line 1 has used two-car, three-car, and four-car trains at various stages in its history, while the LRT Line 2 runs eighteen heavy rail four-car trains with lightweight stainless car bodies and 1,500-volt electric motors. The system has significantly increased its passenger capacity and maximum speed with the introduction of new air-conditioned trains. Additionally, both lines have begun using wrap advertising on their rolling stock to generate additional revenue. The Manila Light Rail Transit System plays a crucial role in providing efficient and convenient transportation for the residents of Manila. |
to journey from one end of the line to the other . Each train measures 3.2 meters ( 10 ft 6 in ) wide and 92.6 meters ( 303 ft 10 in ) long allowing a capacity of 1,628 passengers : 232 seated and 1,396 standing . Twenty sliding doors per side facilitate quick entry and exit . The line 's trains also feature air conditioning , driverless automatic train operation from the Operations Control Center ( OCC ) in Santolan , low - noise control , enabled electric and regenerative braking , and closed - circuit television inside the trains . Special open spaces and seats are designated for wheelchair users and elderly passengers , and automatic next station announcements are made for the convenience of passengers , especially for the blind . Safety and security ( edit ) The system has always presented itself as a safe system to travel on , and despite some incidents a World Bank paper prepared by Halcrow deemed the running of metro rail transit operations overall as `` good '' . Safety notices in both English and Tagalog are a common sight at the stations and inside the trains . Security guards with megaphones can be seen at boarding areas asking crowds to move back from the warning tiles at the edge of platforms to avoid falling onto the tracks . In the event of emergencies or unexpected events aboard the train , alerts are used to inform passengers about the current state of the operations . The LRTA uses three alerts : Codes Blue , Yellow , and Red . Alert Indication Code Blue Increased interval time between train arrivals Code Yellow Slight delay in the departure and arrival of trains from stations Code Red Temporary suspension of all train services due to technical problems Smoking , previously banned only at station platforms and inside trains , has been banned at station concourse areas since June 24 , 2008 . Hazardous chemicals , such as paint and gasoline , as well as sharp pointed objects that could be used as weapons , are forbidden . Full - sized bicycles and skateboards are also not allowed on board the train , although the ban on folding bicycles was lifted on November 8 , 2009 . Those under the influence of alcohol may be denied entry into the stations . In response to the Rizal Day bombings , a series of attacks on December 30 , 2000 that included the bombing of a LRT - 1 train among other targets , and in the wake of greater awareness of terrorism following the September 11 attacks , security has been stepped up on board the system . The Philippine National Police has a special police force assigned at LRT - 1 and LRT - 2 and security police provided by private companies are assigned to all stations with each having a designated head guard . Closed - circuit televisions have been installed to monitor stations and keep track of suspicious activities . | [
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televisions have been installed to monitor stations and keep track of suspicious activities . To better prepare for and improve response to any adverse incidents , drills simulating terror attacks and earthquakes have been conducted . It is standard practice for bags to be inspected upon entry into stations by guards equipped with hand - held metal detectors . Those who refuse to submit to such inspection may be denied entry . Since May 1 , 2007 , the LRTA has enforced a policy against making false bomb threats , a policy already enforced at airports nationwide . Those who make such threats can face penalties in violation of Presidential Decree No. 1727 , as well as face legal action . Posted notices on station walls and inside trains remind passengers to be careful and be wary of criminals who may take advantage of the crowding aboard the trains . To address concerns of inappropriate contact on crowded trains , the first coach of Yellow Line trains have been designated for females only . Fares ( edit ) The Manila Light Rail Transit System is one of the least expensive rapid transit systems in Southeast Asia , costing significantly less to ride than other systems in the region . Fares are distance - based , ranging from 15 to 30 Philippine pesos ( ₱ ) , or about 28 to 55 U.S. cents ( at US $1 = ₱ 54.12 as of October 2018 ) , depending on the number of stations traveled to reach the destination . Unlike other transportation systems , in which transfer to another line occurs within a station 's paid area , passengers have to exit and then pay a new fare for the line they are entering . This is also the case on the Yellow Line when changing boarding platforms to catch trains going in the opposite direction . The Line 1 uses two different fare structures : one for single journey cards and another for stored value ( Beep ) cards . Passengers are charged ₱ 11 upon entering the paid area . Passengers using single journey cards are charged ₱ 15 for travelling 0 to 4.00 kilometers ; ₱ 20 for 4.01 to 9.00 kilometers ; or ₱ 30 for distances more than 9.00 kilometers . Stored value ( Beep ) cards are also charged depending on the distance traveled in kilometers , but on a more finely graduated basis . Beep card users are charged ₱ 1 for every kilometer traveled , plus the ₱ 11 boarding charge . The Line 2 uses the same fare matrix with the Line 1 , but passengers are charged ₱ 25 for travelling a distance more than 9.00 kilometers . Ticketing ( edit ) Before 2001 , passengers on the LRT Line 1 would purchase a token to enter the station . Subsequent upgrades in the fare collection system eventually transitioned the Yellow Line from a token - based system to a ticket - based system , with full conversion to a ticket - based system achieved on September 9 , 2001 . Starting September 2015 , the old magnetic tickets were decommissioned and replaced by contactless - based smart card technology . Passengers can | [
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were decommissioned and replaced by contactless - based smart card technology . Passengers can enter the system paid areas with either a single journey or stored value Beep Card . The Beep Card can be used on all LRT and MRT lines . Tickets can be sold from ticket booths manned by station agents or on ticket machine / s . Beep card ( edit ) Main article : Beep ( smart card ) Beep is a reloadable contactless smart card aimed to be a replacement for the magnetic card - based system in paying rail based rapid transit transportation fares in and around Metro Manila . Beep is also aimed to be used in lieu of cash in some convenience stores and other businesses . The Beep system is implemented and operated by AF Payments Incorporated , which is primarily owned by Ayala Corporation and Metro Pacific Investments Corporation . Magnetic ticket ( edit ) A sample of a LRT - 2 single journey ticket showing its front ( above ) and back ( below ) side . The back side of a 2008 LRT - 2 ticket Previously , the system uses two types of tickets : a single journey ( one - way ) ticket whose cost is dependent on the destination , and a stored value ( multiple - use ) ticket available for ₱ 100 . Senior citizens and disabled passengers can receive fare discounts as mandated by law . Tickets would normally bear a picture of the incumbent president , though some ticket designs have done away with this practice . Single journey tickets are only valid on the day of purchase and will be unusable afterward . They expire if not used to exit the same station after 30 minutes from entry or if not used to exit the system after 120 minutes from entry . If the ticket expires , the passenger will be required to buy a new one . Stored value tickets are usable on either the LRT - 1 or LRT - 2 lines although a new fare will be charged when transferring from one line to the other . To reduce ticket queues , the LRTA is promoting the use of stored value tickets . Aside from benefitting from a lower fare structure on the LRT - 1 , stored value ticket users can avail of a scheme called the Last Ride Bonus that grants the use of any residual amount in a stored value ticket less than the usual minimum ₱ 12 fare , or the appropriate fare for the station of arrival from the station of departure , as a full fare . Stored value tickets are not reloadable and are captured by the fare gate after the last use . They expire six months after the date of first use . Tickets are used both to enter and exit the paid area of the system . A ticket inserted into a fare gate at the station of origin is processed and then ejected allowing a passenger through the turnstile . The ejected ticket is then retrieved while passing through so that it can be used at the exit turnstile at the destination station to leave the premises . Tickets are captured by the exit turnstiles to be reused by the system if they no longer have any value . If it is a stored value ticket | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 | -7,724,122,157,029,450,000 | <P> The Manila Light Rail Transit System ( Filipino : Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila ) , popularly and informally known as the LRT , is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines . Although referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles , it has characteristics that make it more akin to a rapid transit ( metro ) system , such as high passenger throughput , exclusive right - of - way and later use of full metro rolling stock . The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) , a government - owned and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of Transportation ( DOTr ) . Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System ( MRT - 3 , also called the new Yellow Line ) , and Philippine National Railways 's commuter line , the system makes up Metro Manila 's rail infrastructure . </P> | The Manila Light Rail Transit System | -7724122157029449731_11 | false | The Manila Light Rail Transit System, also known as LRT, is a rapid transit system in Metro Manila, Philippines. The system previously used two types of tickets: single journey tickets and stored value tickets. Single journey tickets were only valid on the day of purchase and would expire if not used to exit the same station after 30 minutes from entry or if not used to exit the system after 120 minutes from entry. Stored value tickets, on the other hand, were usable on either the LRT-1 or LRT-2 lines, although a new fare would be charged when transferring from one line to the other. The system has since been decommissioned and replaced by contactless-based smart card technology known as the Beep Card. The Beep Card is a reloadable contactless smart card aimed to be a replacement for the magnetic card-based system in paying rail-based rapid transit transportation fares in and around Metro Manila. The Beep Card can be used on all LRT and MRT lines and is implemented and operated by AF Payments Incorporated, which is primarily owned by Ayala Corporation and Metro Pacific Investments Corporation. The tickets used in the system are used both to enter and exit the paid area of the system. A ticket inserted into a fare gate at the station of origin is processed and then ejected, allowing a passenger through the turnstile. The ejected ticket is then retrieved while passing through so that it can be used at the exit turnstile at the destination station to leave the premises. Stored value tickets are not reloadable and are captured by the fare gate after the last use, and they expire six months after the date of first use. The Manila Light Rail Transit System, or LRT, has been an important mode of transportation in Metro Manila, and the introduction of the Beep Card has modernized the fare payment system for passengers. |
to be reused by the system if they no longer have any value . If it is a stored value ticket with some value remaining , however , it is once again ejected by the fare gate to be taken by the passenger for future use . Flash Pass ( edit ) A Flash Pass Card To better integrate the LRTA and MRTC networks , a unified ticketing system utilizing contactless smart cards , similar to the Octopus card in Hong Kong and the EZ - Link card in Singapore , was made a goal of the SRTS . In a transitional move towards such a unified ticketing system , the Flash Pass was implemented on April 19 , 2004 , as a stopgap measure . However , plans for a unified ticketing system using smart cards have languished , leaving the Flash Pass to fill the role for the foreseeable future . Originally sold by both the LRTA and the Metro Rail Transit Corporation , the Blue Line operator , the pass was discontinued with the election of Benigno Aquino III as President of the Philippines in 2010 . The pass consisted of two parts : the Flash Pass card and the Flash Pass coupon . A nontransferable Flash Pass card used for validation had to be acquired before a Flash Pass coupon can be purchased . To obtain a card , a passenger needed to visit a designated station and fill out an application form . Although the card is issued free of charge and contains no expiry date , it is expected to be issued only once . Should it be lost , an affidavit of loss had to be submitted before a replacement can be issued . The Flash Pass coupon , which served as a ticket , was linked to the passenger 's Flash Pass card through the card number printed on the coupon . Coupons were sold for ₱ 250 and were valid for unlimited rides on all three lines of the LRTA and MRTC for one week . The card and coupon were used by showing them to a security guard at an opening along the fare gates , who after checking their validity allowed the holder to pass through . Future expansion ( edit ) Plans for expanding the LRTA network have been formulated throughout its history and successive administrations have touted trains as one of the keys to relieving Metro Manila of its long - standing traffic problems . Expansion of the system was one of the main projects mentioned in a ten - point agenda laid out by former President Gloria Macapagal - Arroyo in 2005 . Extensions ( edit ) A south extension of LRT - 1 is planned . The envisioned line would have 8 stations over 11.7 kilometers ( 7.3 mi ) ending in Bacoor in the province of Cavite . It will be the second line extending outside the Metro Manila area after the planned MRT - 7 that starts in North Avenue , Quezon City and it will end in San Jose Del Monte , Bulacan . An unsolicited bid to build and operate this project from Canada 's SNC - Lavalin was rejected by the Philippine government in 2005 . The government is working with advisers ( International Finance Corporation , White & Case , Halcrow , and others ) | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 | -7,724,122,157,029,450,000 | <P> The Manila Light Rail Transit System ( Filipino : Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila ) , popularly and informally known as the LRT , is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines . Although referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles , it has characteristics that make it more akin to a rapid transit ( metro ) system , such as high passenger throughput , exclusive right - of - way and later use of full metro rolling stock . The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) , a government - owned and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of Transportation ( DOTr ) . Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System ( MRT - 3 , also called the new Yellow Line ) , and Philippine National Railways 's commuter line , the system makes up Metro Manila 's rail infrastructure . </P> | The Manila Light Rail Transit System | -7724122157029449731_12 | false | The Manila Light Rail Transit System (LRT) is a rapid transit system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines. It consists of two lines, LRT Line 1 and LRT Line 2, with a third line, LRT Line 3, currently under construction. The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) and the Metro Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC). The LRTA and MRTC have been working towards a unified ticketing system utilizing contactless smart cards, similar to systems in Hong Kong and Singapore. The Flash Pass was implemented as a temporary measure towards this goal, but plans for a unified ticketing system using smart cards have not yet been realized. The system has also seen plans for expansion, with a south extension of LRT-1 planned, as well as the rejection of an unsolicited bid for a project from Canada's SNC-Lavalin. The Manila Light Rail Transit System has been a key component in efforts to relieve the long-standing traffic problems in Metro Manila. |
working with advisers ( International Finance Corporation , White & Case , Halcrow , and others ) to conduct an open - market invitation to tender for the construction of the extension and a 30 - year concession to run it . An additional extension from Bacoor to Imus and from there a further extension to Dasmariñas , both in Cavite , are also being considered . As of March 2012 , the government announced that the P60 billion LRT - 1 south extension project has already been approved by the National Economic and Development Authority ( NEDA ) with the bidding expected to take place by the end of March or early April 2012 . The LRTA is also currently conducting studies on the feasibility of a 6.2 - kilometer ( 3.9 mi ) , four - station LRT - 1 spur from Baclaran towards Terminal 3 of the Ninoy Aquino International Airport , with a projected daily capacity of 40,000 passengers . Funding for the project could be sourced from either official development assistance or a public - private partnership . Meanwhile , the LRT Line 2 is being extended by 4 - kilometers ( 2.5 mi ) eastward from Marikina up to Masinag , Antipolo in the province of Rizal . The East Extension Project could be extended as far as Cogeo , Antipolo . Line 2 will also be extended westward from Recto up to the Manila North Harbor in Tondo . The construction of the eastern extension to Masinag was approved by the National Economic and Development Authority ( NEDA ) in September 2012 . New lines ( edit ) LRT - 4 , or the Ortigas -- Taytay LRT Line , is a proposed 11 - kilometre ( 6.8 mi ) line , crossing through the eastern parts of Metro Manila to the southern parts of the province of Rizal . Six stations would be built along Ortigas Avenue and Taytay Diversion Road from the Ortigas station on EDSA to SM City Taytay in Taytay . This project was approved last June 2015 and will be implemented as a public - private partnership project . The Mega Manila Subway is the first underground metro planned for Metro Manila . It is a north - south subway line that will connect Mindanao Avenue in Quezon City in the north to the Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Pasay in the south . The 25 - kilometre ( 16 mi ) subway line will have thirteen stations and will also link the major financial districts of Ortigas Center , Makati CBD and Bonifacio Global City . It was approved in 2016 as a priority rail project of the Rodrigo Duterte presidential administration . A second extension of the LRT - 1 from Bacoor to Dasmariñas in Cavite has been proposed . It is planned to be a separate line to be known as LRT - 6 which would run for an additional 19 kilometres ( 12 mi ) from the future LRT - 1 terminus at Niog station to Governor 's Drive in Dasmariñas along the Aguinaldo Highway . It would have 7 stations namely , Niog Station , Tirona Station , Imus Station , Daang Hari Station , Salitran Station , Congressional Avenue Station and Governor | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 | -7,724,122,157,029,450,000 | <P> The Manila Light Rail Transit System ( Filipino : Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila ) , popularly and informally known as the LRT , is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines . Although referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles , it has characteristics that make it more akin to a rapid transit ( metro ) system , such as high passenger throughput , exclusive right - of - way and later use of full metro rolling stock . The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) , a government - owned and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of Transportation ( DOTr ) . Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System ( MRT - 3 , also called the new Yellow Line ) , and Philippine National Railways 's commuter line , the system makes up Metro Manila 's rail infrastructure . </P> | The Manila Light Rail Transit System | -7724122157029449731_13 | false | The LRT in the Philippines stands for the Manila Light Rail Transit System. It is a rapid transit system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines. The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) and consists of two lines: LRT Line 1 and LRT Line 2. The LRT Line 1 is currently being extended southward from Baclaran to Bacoor, with further extensions to Imus and Dasmariñas in Cavite being considered. The LRT Line 2 is also being extended eastward from Marikina to Masinag, with the possibility of further extension to Cogeo, Antipolo. In addition to these extensions, there are plans for new lines, including LRT-4 (Ortigas-Taytay Line) and the Mega Manila Subway, which will connect Mindanao Avenue in Quezon City to the Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Pasay. Another proposed extension is the LRT-6, which would run from Bacoor to Dasmariñas in Cavite. These projects are part of the government's efforts to improve public transportation in Metro Manila and its surrounding areas. |
, Imus Station , Daang Hari Station , Salitran Station , Congressional Avenue Station and Governor 's Drive Station . MRT - 7 is a planned 14 - station , 22.8 - kilometer ( 13 mi ) line that starts in Quezon City and traverses Commonwealth Avenue , passing through Caloocan City and ending in the city of San Jose del Monte in Bulacan . This line finished the bidding stage and has been approved by the Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation and Communications . As of August 2010 the MRT - 7 project is under review due to various concerns from several local governments where the rail project is proposed to run through , and may undergo major changes from the original . In May 2012 , the consortium of Marubeni - DMCI won the contract to build MRT - 7 for around $1 billion and would take an estimated 42 months to build starting early 2013 . Transfer of Line operations ( edit ) DOTC Undersecretary for Public Information Dante Velasco has unveiled a study being conducted by the DOTC looking at the possibility of transferring operations of Line 3 ( MRT 3 ) from Metro Rail Transit Corporation ( MRTC ) to LRTA thus uniting Lines 1 , 2 , and 3 under one operator to improve maintenance costs and to form a more integrated transportation system . According to DOTC Undersecretary For Rails Glicerio Sicat , the transfer is set by the government in June 2011 . As of January 13 , 2011 , Light Rail Transit Authority Chief Rafael S. Rodriguez took over as officer - in - charge of MRT - 3 in preparation for the integration of operations of LRT - 1 , LRT - 2 , and MRT - 3 Lines . See also ( edit ) Metro Manila Rapid Transit LRT Line 1 LRT Line 2 MRT Line 3 LRT Line 4 LRT Line 6 MRT Line 7 Mega Manila Subway PNR Metro South Commuter Line List of rail transit stations in the Greater Manila Area Manila Light Rail Transit System Metro Rail Transit Corporation Philippine National Railways Department of Transportation and Communications ( DOTC ) Transportation in the Philippines References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : http://www.manilatimes.net/lrta-sees-4-decline-ridership/154777/ ^ Jump up to : The LRT Line 1 System -- The Yellow Line . ( ca . 2010 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority . Retrieved January 19 , 2010 . Archived March 1 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine . ^ Jump up to : United Nations Centre for Human Settlements. ( 1993 ) . Provision of Travelway Space for Urban Public Transport in Developing Countries . UN -- HABITAT . pp. 15 , 26 -- 70 , 160 -- 179 . ISBN 92 - 1 - 131220 - 5 . ^ Jump up to : `` LRT opens Balintawak station '' . ( March 22 , 2010 ) . ABS - CBN News and Current Affairs . Retrieved March 24 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Kwok , Abigail ( October | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 | -7,724,122,157,029,450,000 | <P> The Manila Light Rail Transit System ( Filipino : Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila ) , popularly and informally known as the LRT , is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines . Although referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles , it has characteristics that make it more akin to a rapid transit ( metro ) system , such as high passenger throughput , exclusive right - of - way and later use of full metro rolling stock . The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) , a government - owned and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of Transportation ( DOTr ) . Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System ( MRT - 3 , also called the new Yellow Line ) , and Philippine National Railways 's commuter line , the system makes up Metro Manila 's rail infrastructure . </P> | The Manila Light Rail Transit System | -7724122157029449731_14 | false | The Manila Light Rail Transit System, also known as LRT, is a rapid transit system in the Philippines. It consists of several lines, including Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 6, and the planned Line 7. The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) and the Metro Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC). The LRT system plays a crucial role in the transportation infrastructure of Metro Manila, providing an integrated transportation system for the residents of the city. The LRT lines connect various key locations in the Greater Manila Area, offering a convenient mode of transportation for commuters. The LRT system is an essential part of the public transport network in the Philippines, contributing to the efficient movement of people within the urban areas. |
and Current Affairs . Retrieved March 24 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Kwok , Abigail ( October 22 , 2010 ) . `` New LRT station opens in Quezon City '' . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Archived from the original on October 23 , 2010 . Retrieved October 23 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : The LRT Line 2 System -- The Purple Line . ( ca . 2010 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority . Retrieved January 19 , 2010 . Archived March 17 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Archived September 1 , 2012 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ ( 2 ) Archived September 1 , 2012 , at the Wayback Machine . ^ Jump up to : Light Rail Transit Authority . Planning Department / MIS Division . ( 2007 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority Annual Report 2006 ( PDF ) . Author . pp. 18 -- 20 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on July 8 , 2008 . Retrieved January 15 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Gardner , Geoff and Francis Kuhn. ( 1992 ) . Appropriate Mass Transit in Developing Cities . Paper presented at the 6th World Conference on Transport Research , Lyon , June , 1992 . p. 7 . Retrieved March 11 , 2010 from UK Department for International Development 's Transport - Links Website . ^ Jump up to : Halcrow. ( 2010 ) . Manila light rail transit -- Purple Line . Retrieved May 16 , 2010 from Halcrow Website . Archived April 26 , 2010 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Villanueva , Marichu . ( July 15 , 2003 ) . `` GMA Launches transit system '' . The Philippine Star . Archived from the original on January 31 , 2013 . Retrieved January 18 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : The Missing Links : Now a Reality Archived September 24 , 2006 , at the Wayback Machine ... ( ca . 2006 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority . Retrieved April 7 , 2006 . Jump up ^ `` Contact Us '' . ( ca . 2010 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority . Retrieved March 11 , 2010 . Archived March 21 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Train Schedule . ( ca . 2010 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority . Retrieved January 19 , 2010 . Archived March 1 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ R. De la Torre , Visitacion ( 1981 ) . Landmarks of Manila , 1571 - 1930 . Manila : Filipinas Foundation . p. 41 . Jump up ^ de los Reyes , Isabelo ( 1890 ) . `` III '' . El folk - lore Filipino . University of the Philippines Press . Appendix `` Malabon Monográfico '' . Jump up ^ The Philippines ' Oldest Business House . Makati : Filipinas Foundation . 1984 . pp. 68 -- 70 . ^ Jump up to : Satre , Gary L. ( June 1998 ) . `` The Metro Manila LRT System -- A Historical Perspective '' ( PDF ) . Japan Railway and Transport Review . 16 : 33 -- 37 . Retrieved May 8 , 2006 . ^ Jump up to : Manila Electric Company ( Meralco ) . ( November 10 , 2004 ) . `` History of Meralco '' . Meralco company website . Archived from the original on September 18 , 2009 . Retrieved January 18 , 2010 . ^ Jump | [
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Archived from the original on September 18 , 2009 . Retrieved January 18 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Light Rail Transit Authority Company History '' . Light Rail Transit Authority . Archived from the original on August 25 , 2012 . Retrieved 7 October 2012 . Jump up ^ Republic of the Philippines . ( Approved : June 14 , 1966 ) . Republic Act No. 4652 -- An Act Granting the Philippine Monorail Transit System , Incorporated a Franchise to Establish , Maintain and Operate a Monorail Transportation Service in the City of Manila and Suburbs and Cebu City and Province . Retrieved December 13 , 2009 from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library . Jump up ^ Republic of the Philippines . ( Enacted : October 4 , 1971 ) . Republic Act No. 6417 -- An Act Amending Sections Three And Seven Of Republic Act Numbered Forty - Six Hundred Fifty - Two , Entitled `` An Act Granting the Philippine Monorail Transit System , Incorporated a Franchise to Establish , Maintain and Operate a Monorail Transportation Service in the City Of Manila and Suburbs and Cebu City and Province '' . Retrieved December 13 , 2009 from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library . Jump up ^ Republic of the Philippines . ( July 12 , 1980 ) . `` Executive Order No. 603 '' . Archived from the original on May 19 , 2007 . Retrieved February 15 , 2010 from the Light Rail Transit Authority Website . ^ Jump up to : Razon , Evangeline M. ( June 1998 ) . `` The Manila LRT System '' ( PDF ) . Japan Railway and Transport Review . 16 : 38 -- 39 . Retrieved December 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Net Resources International . ( ca . 2010 ) . `` Manila Light Rail Extension , Philippines '' . Railway Technology . Retrieved January 14 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Japan International Cooperation Agency . `` LRT Line 1 Capacity Expansion Project '' ( PDF ) . JICA official page . Jump up ^ Aning , Jerome . ( December 31 , 2000 ) . `` Bodies tell of deadly force of LRT blast '' . The Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved March 14 , 2010 . Jump up ^ GMA News Research . ( January 23 , 2009 ) . `` Rizal Day bombing chronology '' . GMA News . Retrieved March 14 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Japan International Cooperation Agency . `` Metro Manila Strategic Mass Rail Transit Development '' ( PDF ) . JICA Official Page . Jump up ^ Bergonia , Allan . ( October 28 , 2004 ) . `` LRT - 2 Recto Station Opens '' . People 's Journal . Archived from the original on March 8 , 2005 . Retrieved May 11 , 2006 from the LRTA Website . Jump up ^ `` LRTA posts profit , pays P23M in income taxes '' . ( April 24 , 2006 ) . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved May 6 , 2006 from the LRTA Website . Archived September 7 , 2006 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` LRMC Company Profile '' . Light Rail Manila Corporation . Retrieved 2015 - 09 - 13 . ^ Jump up to : Mga Gabay sa Pasaherong Sasakay ng LRT ( Tips for Passengers | [
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- 09 - 13 . ^ Jump up to : Mga Gabay sa Pasaherong Sasakay ng LRT ( Tips for Passengers Riding the LRT ) . ( ca . 2010 ) ( in Filipino ) . Light Rail Transit Authority . Retrieved March 13 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Light Rail Transit Authority . ( August 21 , 2008 ) . Environmental Impact Statement for the Light Rail Transit Line 1 South Extension Project ( Report No . E1970 ) . Retrieved March 26 , 2010 from the World Bank Website . ^ Jump up to : Customer Services . ( ca . 2010 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority . Retrieved January 19 , 2010 . Archived June 22 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Ongoy , Lym R. ( December 25 , 2007 ) . `` Just one restroom for everyone at every LRT station '' . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Archived from the original on June 29 , 2009 . Retrieved December 25 , 2007 . ^ Jump up to : `` LRT 2 , Victory Liner are PWD - Friendly : PAVIC '' . Light Rail Transit Authority . August 2 , 2004 . Archived from the original on December 29 , 2005 . Retrieved April 7 , 2006 . ^ Jump up to : Otaki , Tsutomu. ( 2007 ) . `` The Commissioning -- In Case of a Project in Manila '' ( PDF ) . KS World . Kinki Sharyo. 14 : 12 -- 13 . Retrieved January 15 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Marubeni Philippines . ( ca . 2010 ) . Infrastructure . Retrieved February 17 , 2010 from the Marubeni Philippines Website . Archived January 26 , 2010 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ The LRT Line 1 Capacity Expansion Project ( Phase I ) . ( ca . 2003 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority . Retrieved April 7 , 2006 . Archived May 17 , 2006 , at the Wayback Machine . ^ Jump up to : Kinki Sharyo . ( ca . 2010 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority , Manila Philippines , Light Rail Vehicle . Retrieved March 8 , 2010 from the Kinki Sharyo Website . Jump up ^ `` 3rd Generation LRV Mock Up on Display '' . Light Rail Transit Authority . March 9 , 2006 . Archived from the original on April 24 , 2006 . Retrieved April 7 , 2006 . Jump up ^ Olchondra , Riza T. ( December 7 , 2006 ) . `` ' 3G ' trains to serve LRTA riders Dec. 11 : More comfortable , safer rides assured for commuter '' . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved February 7 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Rotem . Total Rail Systems Division . ( January 2005 ) . `` Rotem Ranks 3rd in Global Metro System Supply : SCI '' ( PDF ) . Rolling into the Future . 1 : 5 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2011 - 07 - 23 . Retrieved February 10 , 2010 from www.industrykorea.net . Jump up ^ Toshiba . ( 2003 ) . `` Power Systems and Industrial Equipment '' ( PDF ) . Science and Technology Highlights 2003 : A Special Issue of Toshiba Review . p. 19 . Retrieved February 10 , 2010 from the Toshiba Website . Jump up ^ Electronics Systems Package for Manila LRT Line 2 , Philippines ( PDF ) . Singapore Technologies Engineering . ST Electronics . ( ca . 2006 ) . Retrieved February 15 , 2010 . Archived | [
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Technologies Engineering . ST Electronics . ( ca . 2006 ) . Retrieved February 15 , 2010 . Archived November 18 , 2006 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ World Bank . ( December 2 , 2004 ) . `` A Tale of Three Cities : Urban Rail Concessions in Bangkok , Kuala Lumpur and Manila -- Final Report '' ( PDF ) . Author : 17 . ( Prepared by Halcrow Group Limited ) . Jump up ^ Uy , Veronica . ( June 24 , 2008 ) . LRTA enforces no smoking policy Archived January 8 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine ... Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved January 21 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Ruiz , JC Bello . ( October 26 , 2009 ) . `` LRTA reminders for holidays '' . The Manila Bulletin . Archived from the original on June 7 , 2011 . Retrieved January 21 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Kwok , Abigail . ( November 6 , 2009 ) . `` Bike your way to work on board LRT 's ' green zones ' '' . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Archived from the original on November 9 , 2009 . Retrieved November 7 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Bike O Project '' . Light Rail Transit Authority . 2009 . Archived from the original on September 21 , 2010 . Retrieved November 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Del Puerto , Luigi A. & Tara V. Quismundo . ( November 13 , 2004 ) . `` New task force formed to keep LRT , MRT safe '' . The Daily Tribune . Archived from the original on August 28 , 2005 . Retrieved February 15 , 2010 from the LRTA Website . Jump up ^ Punay , Edu . ( July 31 , 2006 ) . LRTA holds bomb drill at Central terminal . The Philippine Star . Retrieved January 24 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Ruiz , JC Bello . ( December 7 , 2009 ) . Wrapped gift items inspected at LRT , MRT rail stations . The Manila Bulletin . Retrieved January 24 , 2010 . Archived June 7 , 2011 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Olchondra , Riza T. ( May 3 , 2007 ) . LRTA warns commuters : No bomb jokes , or else ... Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved February 7 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` LRT Fares Lowest in Southeast Asia '' . Light Rail Transit Authority . December 5 , 2003 . Archived from the original on November 5 , 2005 . Retrieved April 7 , 2006 . ^ Jump up to : `` LRT Passengers Urged to Use Stored Value Ticket '' . Light Rail Transit Authority . December 10 , 2003 . Archived from the original on November 5 , 2005 . Retrieved April 8 , 2006 . Jump up ^ `` LRTA Rationalizes Fare Structure '' . Light Rail Transit Authority . December 12 , 2003 . Archived from the original on November 5 , 2005 . Retrieved April 7 , 2006 . ^ Jump up to : Ticket and Fare Structure . ( ca . 2010 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority . Retrieved February 15 , 2010 . Archived November 5 , 2005 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ The Automated Fare Collection System ( AFCS ) Project . ( ca . 2006 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority . Retrieved February 22 , 2010 . Archived June 29 , 2006 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` LRT | [
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February 22 , 2010 . Archived June 29 , 2006 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` LRT , MRT smart cards for commuters '' . The Manila Bulletin . December 10 , 2003 . Archived from the original on March 10 , 2005 . Retrieved February 22 , 2010 from the LRTA Website . Jump up ^ Casanova , Sheryll B. ( February 4 , 2004 ) . `` Single Pass Rail Ticket May Be Ready Ahead of Schedule '' . The Manila Times . Archived from the original on November 5 , 2005 . Retrieved April 7 , 2006 from the LRTA Website . ^ Jump up to : Marfil , Jude O. ( April 20 , 2004 ) . `` For LRT , MRT riders : 1 ticket , 3 lines '' . Manila Standard . Archived from the original on November 5 , 2005 . Retrieved February 22 , 2010 from the LRTA Website . Jump up ^ `` Integrated Ticketing Systems for Various LRT Lines '' . National Economic and Development Authority . Archived from the original on March 13 , 2007 . Retrieved April 7 , 2006 . ^ Jump up to : Flash Pass Ticketing System . ( ca . 2006 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority . Retrieved November 26 , 2009 . Archived July 8 , 2008 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Virola , Romulo A. ( October 12 , 2009 ) . `` Land Transport in the Philippines : Retrogressing Towards Motorcycles ? '' . Philippine Statistics Authority . Archived from the original on May 31 , 2017 . Retrieved February 26 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Republic of the Philippines . Office of the President . ( July 21 , 2005 ) . `` SONA 2005 Executive Summary '' . Archived from the original on May 13 , 2010 . Retrieved February 20 , 2010 from the Republic of the Philippines Office of the Press Secretary Website . Jump up ^ Ho , Abigail L. ( October 13 , 2003 ) . `` LRTA set to bid out $841 - M light rail project '' . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Archived from the original on November 5 , 2005 . Retrieved April 7 , 2006 from the LRTA Website . Jump up ^ Batino , Clarissa S. ( April 20 , 2005 ) . `` LRT - 1 consortium seeks gov 't . guarantee '' . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Archived from the original on November 5 , 2005 . Retrieved April 7 , 2006 from the LRTA Website . Jump up ^ Light Rail Transit Authority . ( 2010 ) . The LRT Line 1 South Extension Project . Retrieved February 20 , 2010 from the LRTA Website . Archived April 30 , 2006 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ NEDA approves LRT - 1 extension , 11 other projects , Public - Private Partnership Center , Retrieved March 23 , 2012 Jump up ^ `` NAIA Rail Link Project '' . Light Rail Transit Authority . Archived from the original on February 14 , 2011 . Retrieved May 3 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` The Metro Manila Strategic Mass Rail Transit Development Project : Line 2 '' . ( ca . 2006 ) . Light Rail Transit Authority . Retrieved April 6 , 2006 . Archived May 17 , 2006 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Neda Board OKs 9 big projects Archived September 6 , 2012 , at the | [
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Machine . Jump up ^ Neda Board OKs 9 big projects Archived September 6 , 2012 , at the Wayback Machine. , Business Mirror , retrieved September 6 , 2012 Jump up ^ `` Major infrastructure projects lined up '' . BusinessWorld . Retrieved 6 July 2015 . Jump up ^ `` LRT Cavite extension to cost P64 B '' . Philippine Star . Archived from the original on 2 July 2015 . Retrieved 2 July 2015 . Jump up ^ Cruz , Neal . ( November 14 , 2007 ) . `` MRT 7 may end Metro traffic problems '' . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Archived from the original on June 28 , 2009 . Retrieved March 14 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Marubeni to build $1 B Philippine rail project Inquirer Business Jump up ^ Govt creates team for MRT 3 due dilligence , sets June takeover , The Manila Times , December 28 , 2010 Archived December 30 , 2010 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ LRTA chief takes over MRT - 3 , BusinessWorld , January 13 , 2011 Further reading ( edit ) Allport , R.J. ( 1986 ) . Appropriate mass transit for developing cities . Transport Reviews : A Transnational Transdisciplinary Journal , 6 ( 4 ) , 365 -- 384 . doi : 10.1080 / 01441648608716636 Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre ( APERC ) . Institute of Energy Economics , Japan . ( 2008 ) . Urban Transport Energy Use in the APEC Region -- Benefits and Costs ( PDF ) . Tokyo : Author . ISBN 978 - 4 - 931482 - 39 - 5 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2011 - 07 - 22 . Dans , Jose P. Jr. ( 1990 ) . `` The Metro Manila LRT system : its future '' . In Institution of Civil Engineers . Rail Mass Transit Systems for Developing Countries . London : Thomas Telford . ISBN 0 - 7277 - 1560 - 7 . Midgley , Peter . ( 1994 - 03 - 31 ) . Urban Transport in Asia : An Operational Agenda for the 1990s ( World Bank technical paper no . 224 ) . Washington D.C. : World Bank . ISBN 0 - 8213 - 2624 - 4 . Thomson , J.M. , R.J. Allport and P.R. Fouracre. ( 1990 ) . `` Rail mass transit in developing cities -- the Transport and Road Research Laboratory study '' . In Institution of Civil Engineers . Rail Mass Transit Systems for Developing Countries . London : Thomas Telford . ISBN 0 - 7277 - 1560 - 7 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) United States Agency for International Development . ( June 2005 ) . Integrated Environmental Strategies -- Philippines Project Report -- Metropolitan Manila . Author . ( With United States Environmental Protection Agency , NREL , and the Manila Observatory ) . Uranza , Rogelio. ( 2002 ) . The Role of Traffic Engineering and Management in Metro Manila . Workshop paper presented in the Regional Workshop : Transport Planning , Demand Management and Air Quality , February 2002 , Manila , Philippines . Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) . Archived from the original on 2009 - 12 - 29 . World Bank . ( 2001 - 05 - 23 ) . `` Project | [
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from the original on 2009 - 12 - 29 . World Bank . ( 2001 - 05 - 23 ) . `` Project Appraisal Document for the Metro Manila Urban Transport Integration Project '' ( PDF ) . Author . External Links ( edit ) Light Rail Transit Authority Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manila Light Rail Transit System . Transportation in the Philippines Government Department of Transportation Department of Public Works and Highways Office for Transportation Security Road Roads Expressways Highways N1 ( AH26 ) Metro Manila roads Luzon roads Visayas roads Mindanao roads Bridges Vehicles Jeepney Kalesa Kuliglig Taxicab Tricycle Trisikad UV Express Bus systems BGC Bus Cebu Bus Rapid Transit System MyBus Organizations Land Transportation Office Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board Toll Regulatory Board Bus companies Other Vehicle registration plates Driving license Speed limits Unified Vehicular Volume Reduction Program Anti-Distracted Driving Act Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program Rail Railways Philippine National Railways Stations Metro Commuter Panay Railways Rail transit Manila Mass Transit Network Stations Line 1 LRMC Line 2 LRTA Line 3 MRTC Line 4 Line 6 Line 7 ULC Line 9 Mega Manila Subway SkyTrain Bicutan Automated Guideway Transit System University of the Philippines Diliman Automated Guideway Transit System Water Ports Philippine Nautical Highway System Shipping lines Pasig River Ferry Metrostar Ferry Philippine Ports Authority Cebu Port Authority Maritime Industry Authority Aviation Airports Airlines Civil | [
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Aviation Airports Airlines Civil Aviation Authority Civil Aeronautics Board Manila International Airport Authority Mactan - Cebu International Airport Authority Clark International Airport Payment Beep Related articles Metro Manila Dream Plan Strong Republic Transit System Italics indicate defunct , proposed , or under construction . Greater Manila Area rail transit stations Manila Light Rail Transit System Manila Metro Rail Transit System Philippine National Railways Line 1 North Avenue Roosevelt Balintawak Malvar Monumento 5th Avenue R. Papa Abad Santos Blumentritt Tayuman Bambang Doroteo Jose Carriedo Central Terminal United Nations Pedro Gil Quirino Vito Cruz Gil Puyat Libertad EDSA Baclaran Aseana Manila International Airport Asia World Ninoy Aquino Dr. Santos Manuyo Uno Las Piñas Zapote Talaba Niog LRT1 Line 2 Pier 4 Divisoria Tutuban Recto Legarda Pureza V. Mapa J. Ruiz Gilmore Betty Go - Belmonte Araneta Center -- Cubao Anonas Katipunan Santolan Emerald Masinag LRT2 Line 3 North Avenue Quezon Avenue Kamuning Araneta Center -- Cubao Santolan -- Annapolis Ortigas Shaw Boulevard Boni Guadalupe Buendia Ayala Magallanes Taft Avenue MRT3 Line 4 | [
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Meycauayan Marilao Bocaue Balagtas Guiguinto Malolos Calumpit Apalit San Fernando Angeles Clark Clark International Airport New Clark City Stations in Italics are either under construction , not yet operational , or have been closed . Urban Rail Transit in Southeast Asia Indonesia Greater Jakarta Jabodetabek Commuter Jakarta MRT M1 M2 Jakarta LRT LA Jabodebek LRT L1 L2 L3 ARS Soekarno - Hatta ARS Jakarta -- Bandung HSR South Sumatra Palembang LRT Kertalaya Railbus East Java Surabaya Commuter Supor Sulam Jenggala Bojonegoro Kertosono North Sumatra ARS Kualanamu ARS West Sumatra ARS Minangkabau Express Lembah Anai Railbus Central Java - Yogyakarta ARS Adisumarmo ARS Bathara Kresna Railbus Prambanan Ekspres Commuter Malaysia Klang Valley Integrated Transit System KTM Komuter 10 Rapid KL 5 8 9 11 12 13 14 Express Rail Link 6 7 KTM Komuter Northern ETS HSR ECR RTS George Town -- Bayan Lepas LRT Kuching LRT Myanmar Yangon Circular Railway Philippines Manila LRT LRT1 LRT2 LRT4 LRT6 Manila MRT MRT3 MRT7 MRT9 Metro Manila Subway PNR PNR Metro Commuter Line North South Commuter Rail Manila - Clark Railway Singapore Singapore MRT NSL EWL NEL CCL DTL | [
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Singapore MRT NSL EWL NEL CCL DTL TEL JRL CRL Singapore LRT BPLRT SKLRT PGLRT HSR RTS Thailand Bangkok Mass Transit BTS BTS BTS MRT MRT MRT MRT MRT MRL MRL BMA MRL MRL MRL SRT SRT ET ARL SRT Red Lines SRT SRT SRT Commuter Lopburi Line Kaeng Khoi Line Prachinburi Line Ratchaburi Line Suphan Buri Line SRT HSR Bangkok -- Chiang Mai HSR Bangkok -- Nakhon Ratchasima HSR Bangkok -- Hua Hin HSR Bangkok -- Rayong HSR Provincial Urban Rail Transit Chiang Mai LRT Nakhon Ratchasima LRT Phuket Island LRT Khon Kaen LRT Hat Yai MRLT Vietnam Hanoi Metro 2A 5 6 7 8 9 Ho Chi Minh City Metro 5 6 Note : Under construction & planned lines are in Italics Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 '' Categories : Manila Light Rail Transit System Department of Transportation ( Philippines ) Light rail in the Philippines Rail transportation in Metro Manila Transportation in Manila Rapid transit in the Philippines Transportation in Luzon Electric railways Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Featured articles Articles containing Filipino - language text CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Talk Contents About Wikipedia | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System&oldid=865805375 | -7,724,122,157,029,450,000 | <P> The Manila Light Rail Transit System ( Filipino : Sistema ng Magaang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila ) , popularly and informally known as the LRT , is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines . Although referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles , it has characteristics that make it more akin to a rapid transit ( metro ) system , such as high passenger throughput , exclusive right - of - way and later use of full metro rolling stock . The system is operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority ( LRTA ) , a government - owned and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of Transportation ( DOTr ) . Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System ( MRT - 3 , also called the new Yellow Line ) , and Philippine National Railways 's commuter line , the system makes up Metro Manila 's rail infrastructure . </P> | The Manila Light Rail Transit System | -7724122157029449731_25 | false | The Manila Light Rail Transit System (LRT) is a rapid transit system in the Philippines. It is operated by the Department of Transportation and serves as an important mode of transportation in Metro Manila and Luzon. The system consists of several lines, including the LRT-1, LRT-2, and the planned LRT-3. The LRT system plays a crucial role in providing electric railway transportation in the region. The Manila LRT System is a featured article on Wikipedia and contains information in Filipino language text. It is an integral part of the transportation infrastructure in the Philippines. |
Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano ქართული Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Tagalog ไทย Tiếng Việt 中文 9 more Edit links This page was last edited on 26 October 2018 , at 08 : 10 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | [
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The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air - wikipedia The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air Jump to : navigation , search Some of this article 's listed sources may not be reliable . Please help this article by looking for better , more reliable sources . Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted . ( April 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air Created by Andy Borowitz Susan Borowitz Starring Will Smith James Avery Janet Hubert - Whitten Alfonso Ribeiro Karyn Parsons Tatyana M. Ali Joseph Marcell Daphne Maxwell Reid Ross Bagley Theme music composer The Fresh Prince in association with A Touch of Jazz , Inc . Opening theme `` Yo Home to Bel Air '' , performed by The Fresh Prince Composer ( s ) Quincy Jones Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons 6 No. of episodes 148 ( list of episodes ) Production Executive producer ( s ) Quincy Jones Andy Borowitz Susan Borowitz Kevin Wendle ( Season 1 ) Winifred Hervey ( Seasons 2 -- 3 ) Gary H. Miller ( Season 4 -- 5 ) Cheryl Gard ( Mid-Late Season 5 ) Jeff Pollack Will Smith ( Season 6 ) Producer ( s ) Werner Walian Lisa Rosenthal Joel Madison Leilani Downer Joanne Curley - Kerner Joel Markowitz Location ( s ) Hollywood Center Studios Hollywood , California ( 1990 -- 1991 ) Sunset Gower Studios Hollywood , California ( 1991 -- 1993 ) NBC Studios Burbank , California ( 1993 -- 1996 ) Camera setup Videotape ; Multi-camera Running time 23 minutes Production company ( s ) The Stuffed Dog Company Quincy Jones Productions ( Seasons 1 -- 3 ) Quincy Jones / David Salzman Entertainment ( Seasons 4 -- 6 ) NBC Productions Distributor Warner Bros. Television Distribution ( 1994 -- present ) Release Original network NBC Picture format 480i ( SDTV ) Original release September 10 , 1990 ( 1990 - 09 - 10 ) -- May 20 , 1996 ( 1996 - 05 - 20 ) | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air&oldid=800603853 | 8,843,404,698,436,250,000 | <P> The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air is an American sitcom that originally aired on NBC from September 10 , 1990 , to May 20 , 1996 . The show stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself , a street - smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy aunt and uncle in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight on a local basketball court . In the series , his lifestyle often clashes with the lifestyle of his relatives in Bel Air . The series ran for six seasons and aired 148 episodes . </P> | Bel Air | 8843404698436249561_1 | true | The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air is an American television series that was created by Andy Borowitz and Susan Borowitz. The show was set in Bel Air, California and originally aired on NBC from September 10, 1990 to May 20, 1996. The series consisted of 148 episodes across 6 seasons and was produced by various executive producers and production companies. The show's theme song, "Yo Home to Bel Air", was performed by The Fresh Prince. The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air was filmed at various locations in California, including Hollywood Center Studios, Sunset Gower Studios, and NBC Studios. The show was distributed by Warner Bros. Television Distribution and was broadcast in 480i (SDTV) format. |
release September 10 , 1990 ( 1990 - 09 - 10 ) -- May 20 , 1996 ( 1996 - 05 - 20 ) External links Website www.warnerbros.co.uk/television/freshprince/index2.html The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air is an American sitcom that originally aired on NBC from September 10 , 1990 , to May 20 , 1996 . The show stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself , a street - smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy aunt and uncle in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight on a local basketball court . In the series , his lifestyle often clashes with the lifestyle of his relatives in Bel Air . The series ran for six seasons and aired 148 episodes . Contents ( hide ) 1 Development 2 Plot 3 Cast and characters 3.1 Major supporting characters 4 Episodes 5 Crossovers and other appearances 6 Syndication 7 Ratings 8 DVD releases 9 Awards and nominations 10 Possible reboot 11 References 12 External links Development ( edit ) The characters of The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air . From top left : Hilary Banks , Geoffrey , Vivian Banks , Carlton Banks . From bottom left : Ashley Banks , Philip Banks , Will Smith . In December 1989 , NBC approached Will Smith , a popular rapper during the late 1980s . The pilot episode began taping on May 1 , 1990 . Season 1 first aired in September 1990 , and ended in May 1991 . The series finale was taped on Thursday , March 21 , 1996 . The theme song `` Yo Home to Bel Air '' was written and performed by Smith under his stage name , The Fresh Prince . The music was composed by Quincy Jones , who is credited with Smith at the end of each episode . The music often used to bridge scenes together during the show is based on a similar chord structure . In the second season , the kitchen and living room sets were rebuilt much larger with a more contemporary style ( as opposed to the much more formal style of the first season ) and were connected directly by an archway , allowing scenes to be shot continuously between the sets . Plot ( edit ) The theme song and opening sequence set the premise of the show . Will Smith is a street smart teenager , born and raised in West Philadelphia . While playing basketball , Will misses a shot and the ball hits a group of people , causing a confrontation that frightens his mother , who sends him to live with his aunt and uncle in the opulent neighborhood of Bel Air , Los Angeles . Will 's working - class background ends up clashing in various humorous ways with the upper class world of the Banks family -- Will 's uncle Phil and aunt Vivian and their children , Will 's cousins : Hilary , Carlton , and Ashley | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air&oldid=800603853 | 8,843,404,698,436,250,000 | <P> The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air is an American sitcom that originally aired on NBC from September 10 , 1990 , to May 20 , 1996 . The show stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself , a street - smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy aunt and uncle in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight on a local basketball court . In the series , his lifestyle often clashes with the lifestyle of his relatives in Bel Air . The series ran for six seasons and aired 148 episodes . </P> | Bel Air | 8843404698436249561_2 | true | The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air is an American sitcom that originally aired on NBC from September 10, 1990, to May 20, 1996. The show stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself, a street-smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy aunt and uncle in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight on a local basketball court. In the series, his lifestyle often clashes with the lifestyle of his relatives in Bel Air. The series ran for six seasons and aired 148 episodes.
Development:
In December 1989, NBC approached Will Smith, a popular rapper during the late 1980s. The pilot episode began taping on May 1, 1990. Season 1 first aired in September 1990, and ended in May 1991. The series finale was taped on Thursday, March 21, 1996. The theme song "Yo Home to Bel Air" was written and performed by Smith under his stage name, The Fresh Prince. The music was composed by Quincy Jones, who is credited with Smith at the end of each episode. The music often used to bridge scenes together during the show is based on a similar chord structure. In the second season, the kitchen and living room sets were rebuilt much larger with a more contemporary style (as opposed to the much more formal style of the first season) and were connected directly by an archway, allowing scenes to be shot continuously between the sets.
Plot:
The theme song and opening sequence set the premise of the show. Will Smith is a street smart teenager, born and raised in West Philadelphia. While playing basketball, Will misses a shot and the ball hits a group of people, causing a confrontation that frightens his mother, who sends him to live with his aunt and uncle in the opulent neighborhood of Bel Air, Los Angeles. Will's working-class background ends up clashing in various humorous ways with the upper-class world of the Banks family -- Will's uncle Phil and aunt Vivian and their children, Will's cousins: Hilary, Carlton, and Ashley.
External links:
Website: www.warnerbros.co.uk/television/freshprince/index2.html
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air is an American sitcom that originally aired on NBC from September 10, 1990, to May 20, 1996. The show stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself, a street-smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy aunt and uncle in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight on a local basketball court. In the series, his lifestyle often clashes with the lifestyle of his relatives in Bel Air. The series ran for six seasons and aired 148 episodes. |
's uncle Phil and aunt Vivian and their children , Will 's cousins : Hilary , Carlton , and Ashley . Cast and characters ( edit ) Main article : List of The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air characters Will Smith as Will Smith James Avery as Philip Banks Janet Hubert - Whitten ( Season 1 -- 3 ) and Daphne Maxwell Reid ( Season 4 -- 6 ) as Vivian Banks Alfonso Ribeiro as Carlton Banks Karyn Parsons as Hilary Banks Tatyana M. Ali as Ashley Banks Joseph Marcell as Geoffrey Butler Ross Bagley as Nicholas `` Nicky '' Banks ( Seasons 5 & 6 ) Major supporting characters ( edit ) DJ Jazzy Jeff as Jazz Vernee Watson - Johnson as Viola `` Vy '' Smith Jenifer Lewis as Helen Smith ( recurring ) Nia Long as Lisa Wilkes ( Season 5 ) Tyra Banks as Jacqueline `` Jackie '' Ames ( Season 4 ) John Amos as Fred Wilkes ( Lisa 's father ) ( Season 5 ) Episodes ( edit ) Main article : List of The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air episodes Crossovers and other appearances ( edit ) During the fall 1991 -- 1992 season , NBC gained two hit television shows to anchor their Monday night lineup ( Blossom aired immediately after The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air ) . To gain popularity between the two shows , Will Smith appeared in the Blossom episode `` I 'm with the Band '' as himself under his rap stage name , The Fresh Prince . That same season , Karyn Parsons appeared in the Blossom episode `` Wake Up Little Suzy '' as Hilary Banks . Parsons also appeared in the Patti LaBelle sitcom , Out All Night as Hilary . In the House and Fresh Prince were both executive produced by Winifred Hervey , David Salzman and Quincy Jones . During the second season 's first episode , Alfonso Ribeiro and Tatyana Ali appeared as their Fresh Prince characters ( Carlton and Ashley Banks ) in the crossover episode `` Dog Catchers '' . Later that season , James Avery ( Phillip Banks ) appeared as a mediator in the episode `` Love on a One - Way Street '' . In the Season 4 episode `` My Pest Friend 's Wedding '' , James Avery and Daphne Maxwell Reid ( Vivian Banks ) guest starred as Dr. Maxwell Stanton 's parents ( Stanton was played by Ribeiro ) . Both Avery and Reid portrayed the parents of Ribeiro 's Fresh Prince character . Joseph Marcell , who played the wisecracking Geoffrey Butler on Fresh Prince , also appeared as an officiating minister in the same episode . Syndication ( edit ) The series was produced by NBC Productions in association with The Stuffed Dog Company and Quincy Jones Entertainment ( later Quincy Jones - David Salzman Entertainment in 1993 ) . After the show was released to syndication in 1994 , the series has been distributed by Warner Bros. Television , which continues to distribute the show worldwide ( although NBCUniversal does | [
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Bros. Television , which continues to distribute the show worldwide ( although NBCUniversal does own the series ' copyright ) . WGN America was the first cable channel to acquire the series in 1997 , TBS acquired the series a year later in 1998 ; both channels carried the series until the fall of 2003 , though TBS reacquired the series in 2007 . The theme song was shown in the original TBS run , but after TBS re-acquired Fresh Prince in 2007 , the opening credits were truncated and the theme song removed and replaced with the instrumental version used as the show 's closing theme ; these versions also re added portions of scenes cut from the original syndicated prints for some episodes , particularly those from Seasons 3 to 6 . TBS continues to air the series today , early in the morning . Reruns also aired on WPIX - TV back to back weeknights at 6 pm & 6 : 30 pm EST from 1994 until 2000 , and as a weekday basis at 5 pm from 2000 to 2005 , sometimes on weekends until 2007 . But , the series was still rerunning on The WB 's affiliation WPIX - TV until 2006 . While moving The WB to Nick at Nite , it was airing to 2006 - 2009 and moved to Disney XD . In July 2009 , Disney XD acquired the rights to the series , though it was quickly moved from prime time to late night airings , and only episodes from Seasons 1 to 3 are aired , mainly because those episodes are more appropriate for young viewers and does not contain as many mature themes , sexual content and strong language as later episodes . But in August 2010 , Disney XD stopped airing the show . ABC Family ( now called Freeform ) acquired the series in September 2008 , though airing all 148 episodes ; originally airing exclusively on Saturday nights , the series was added to ABC Family 's weekday line up in late 2009 . On September 29 , 2014 , Disney / ABC rights to the show expired . Viacom Media Networks got the series back . In October 2014 , Viacom Media Networks also gave the series to BET , it also will air on Centric . It was previously aired on MTV 's retro block . Also , the series reruns on VH1 . On November 2 , 2015 , the series started airing on the Family Channel in Canada . On January 1 , 2017 , the series was added to Netflix in the United Kingdom and Ireland . In 2014 , Fresh Prince Of Bel Air started airing again in Nickelodeon ` s block night channel , Nick at Nite . Ratings ( edit ) Season U.S. ratings Network Rank 1990 -- 91 13.1 million NBC # 39 1991 -- 92 14.3 million NBC # 22 1992 -- 93 14.6 million NBC # 18 1993 -- 94 13.7 million NBC # 21 5 1994 -- | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air&oldid=800603853 | 8,843,404,698,436,250,000 | <P> The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air is an American sitcom that originally aired on NBC from September 10 , 1990 , to May 20 , 1996 . The show stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself , a street - smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy aunt and uncle in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight on a local basketball court . In the series , his lifestyle often clashes with the lifestyle of his relatives in Bel Air . The series ran for six seasons and aired 148 episodes . </P> | Bel Air | 8843404698436249561_4 | true | The Fresh Prince of Bel Air is a popular television series that has been distributed worldwide by Bros. Television. The show has been aired on various cable channels, including WGN America, TBS, and Disney XD. It has also been available on streaming platforms such as Netflix. The series is set in the affluent neighborhood of Bel Air. |
13.7 million NBC # 21 5 1994 -- 95 10.4 million NBC # 49 6 1995 -- 96 9.6 million NBC # 55 DVD releases ( edit ) Warner Home Video has released the complete series , seasons 1 to 6 on DVD in Region 1 . Seasons 1 to 4 have been released in Regions 2 and 4 . Seasons 5 to 6 have been released in Region 2 in Germany , and in the complete series boxset in the United Kingdom . The episodes and DVD menus are in English ; only the DVD packaging is in German . DVD Name Ep # Release dates Region 1 Region 2 Region 4 The Complete First Season 25 February 8 , 2005 February 21 , 2005 April 13 , 2005 The Complete Second Season 24 October 11 , 2005 November 21 , 2005 March 1 , 2006 The Complete Third Season 24 February 14 , 2006 June 26 , 2006 August 9 , 2006 The Complete Fourth Season 26 August 8 , 2006 January 22 , 2007 December 6 , 2006 The Complete Fifth Season 25 May 11 , 2010 June 18 , 2010 TBA The Complete Sixth Season 24 April 19 , 2011 May 6 , 2011 TBA Awards and nominations ( edit ) Awards Outcome Recipient ( s ) Year ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards : Top TV Series Won Quincy Jones Will Smith DJ Jazzy Jeff 1994 Emmy Awards : Outstanding Individual Achievement in Lighting Direction for a Comedy Series Nominated Art Busch Golden Globe Awards : Best Performance by an Actor in a TV - Series -- Comedy / Musical Nominated Will Smith 1994 Best Performance by an Actor in a TV - Series -- Comedy / Musical Nominated Will Smith 1993 Image Award : Outstanding Comedy Series Nominated 1997 Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Won Alfonso Ribeiro Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series Nominated Will Smith 1997 Outstanding Youth Actor / Actress | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air&oldid=800603853 | 8,843,404,698,436,250,000 | <P> The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air is an American sitcom that originally aired on NBC from September 10 , 1990 , to May 20 , 1996 . The show stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself , a street - smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy aunt and uncle in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight on a local basketball court . In the series , his lifestyle often clashes with the lifestyle of his relatives in Bel Air . The series ran for six seasons and aired 148 episodes . </P> | Bel Air | 8843404698436249561_5 | false | The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air is an American television sitcom that aired from September 10, 1990, to May 20, 1996, on NBC. The show was created by Andy Borowitz and Susan Borowitz, and it stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself, a street-smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy aunt and uncle in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight in his hometown. The show was a huge success and garnered a large viewership during its six-season run.
Warner Home Video has released the complete series of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air on DVD in various regions. The DVD releases include all six seasons of the show, with the episodes and DVD menus in English, and the DVD packaging in German for the Region 2 releases in Germany.
The show received several awards and nominations during its run, including a win for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for Alfonso Ribeiro at the Image Awards in 1997. Will Smith also received nominations for his performance in the show at the Golden Globe Awards in 1993 and 1994.
Overall, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air was a popular and critically acclaimed sitcom that has continued to be enjoyed by audiences through its DVD releases. |
Will Smith 1997 Outstanding Youth Actor / Actress Won Tatyana M. Ali 1997 Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Nominated Janet Hubert - Whitten 1991 Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Nominated Nia Long Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Nominated Daphne Maxwell Reid Kids ' Choice Awards : Favorite Television Actor Nominated Will Smith Favorite Television Show Nominated Favorite TV Actress Won Tatyana M. Ali NCLR Bravo Awards : Outstanding Television Series Actor in a Crossover Role Nominated Alfonso Ribeiro TP de Oro : Best Foreign Series ( Mejor Serie Extranjera ) Nominated Best Foreign Series ( Mejor Serie Extranjera ) Won 1994 TV Land Awards : Best Broadcast Butler Nominated Joseph Marcell Favorite `` Fish Out of Water '' Nominated Will Smith Young Artist Awards : Best Performance by an Actor Under Ten -- Television Won Ross Bagley Best Performance by an Actor Under Ten in a TV Series Won Ross Bagley 1995 Best Youth Comedienne Nominated Tatyana M. Ali 1994 Best Young Actor Guest Starring in a Television Series Nominated Larenz Tate 1993 Best Young Actor Guest Starring or Recurring Role in a TV Series Nominated Tevin Campbell Best New Family Television Comedy Series Won 1991 YoungStar Award : Best Performance by a Young Actress in a Comedy TV Series Won Tatyana M. Ali 1997 Possible reboot ( edit ) On August 13 , 2015 , it was reported that a reboot of the show was in development by Overbrook Entertainment , with Will Smith serving as a producer . While the original aired on NBC , a network for the reboot has yet to be determined . In August 2016 , during a promotional interview with the E ! television network , for his | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air&oldid=800603853 | 8,843,404,698,436,250,000 | <P> The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air is an American sitcom that originally aired on NBC from September 10 , 1990 , to May 20 , 1996 . The show stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself , a street - smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy aunt and uncle in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight on a local basketball court . In the series , his lifestyle often clashes with the lifestyle of his relatives in Bel Air . The series ran for six seasons and aired 148 episodes . </P> | Bel Air | 8843404698436249561_6 | false | The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air is an American television show that aired from 1990 to 1996. The show received numerous award nominations and wins during its run. Will Smith won the Outstanding Youth Actor/Actress award in 1997, while Tatyana M. Ali won the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series award in the same year. The show was also nominated for various awards such as the Kids' Choice Awards, NCLR Bravo Awards, TP de Oro, TV Land Awards, and Young Artist Awards. In 1991, the show won the YoungStar Award for Best New Family Television Comedy Series.
In August 2015, it was reported that a reboot of the show was in development by Overbrook Entertainment, with Will Smith serving as a producer. The original show aired on NBC, but the network for the reboot has yet to be determined. In August 2016, during a promotional interview with the E! television network, Will Smith discussed the potential reboot. |
. In August 2016 , during a promotional interview with the E ! television network , for his then upcoming film Suicide Squad , Smith had denied that a reboot was in development , saying that it would happen `` ... pretty close to when Hell freezes over . '' References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air '' . TV.com . CBS Interactive . Retrieved January 2 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Coker , Cheo Hodari ( May 20 , 1996 ) . `` Good Night , ' Prince ' '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved January 2 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Rohter , Larry ( September 17 , 1990 ) . `` ' Fresh Prince of Bel Air ' Puts Rap in Mainstream '' . The New York Times . Retrieved January 2 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Wolf , Matt ( February 11 , 1991 ) . `` ' Fresh Prince ' makes Marcell changed man '' . Kentucky New Era . Associated Press . Retrieved January 2 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Cerone , Daniel . `` Rap 's Prince Soon to Be TV Royalty ? '' . Los Angeles Times . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 20 September 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The Hollywood Minute '' . CNN . Cable News Network Inc . Retrieved 20 September 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air DVD news : Announcement for The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air - The Complete 6th Season '' . TVShowsOnDVD.com . May 25 , 2007 . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air , The : The Complete First Season DVD @ DVD Empire '' . Dvdempire.com . February 8 , 2005 . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` The Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air - The Complete First Series DVD : Amazon.co.uk : Will Smith , James Avery , Janet Hubert - Whitten , Alfonso Ribeiro , Karyn Parsons , Tatyana M. Ali , Joseph Marcell : DVD '' . Amazon.co.uk . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Buy Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air , The - The Complete 1st Season ( 5 Disc Set ) @ EzyDVD '' . Ezydvd.com.au. April 27 , 2005 . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air , The : The Complete Second Season DVD @ DVD Empire '' . Dvdempire.com . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` The Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air - The Complete Second Series DVD : Amazon.co.uk : Will Smith , James Avery , Janet Hubert - Whitten , Alfonso Ribeiro , Karyn Parsons , Tatyana M. Ali , Joseph Marcell , DJ Jazzy Jeff , Ellen Falcon : DVD '' . Amazon.co.uk . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Buy Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air , The - The Complete 2nd Season ( 4 Disc Set ) @ EzyDVD '' . Ezydvd.com.au . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air , The : The Complete Third Season DVD @ DVD Empire '' . Dvdempire.com . February 14 , 2006 . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` The Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air - The Complete Third Season DVD : Amazon.co.uk : Will Smith , James Avery , Karyn Parsons , Alfonso Ribeiro , Tatyana M. Ali , Joseph Marcell : DVD '' . Amazon.co.uk . | [
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Avery , Karyn Parsons , Alfonso Ribeiro , Tatyana M. Ali , Joseph Marcell : DVD '' . Amazon.co.uk . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Buy Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air , The - The Complete 3rd Season ( 4 Disc Set ) @ EzyDVD '' . Ezydvd.com.au . August 9 , 2006 . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air , The : The Complete Fourth Season DVD @ DVD Empire '' . Dvdempire.com . August 8 , 2006 . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` The Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air - Series 4 ( DVD ) : Amazon.co.uk : Will Smith : DVD '' . Amazon.co.uk . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Buy Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air , The - The Complete 4th Season ( 4 Disc Set ) @ EzyDVD '' . Ezydvd.com.au . December 6 , 2006 . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Fresh Prince Of Bel - Air , The : The Complete Fifth Season DVD @ DVD Empire '' . Dvdempire.com . November 5 , 2010 . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Awards for The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air '' . Imdb.com . Retrieved August 7 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Lovett , Jamie ( August 13 , 2015 ) . `` Will Smith Producing A Fresh Prince Of Bel Air Reboot '' . Comicbook.com . Retrieved August 13 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` '' Fresh Prince of Bel - Air '' Reboot in the Works - thenewbenjamin `` . thenewbenjamin . Jump up ^ `` Will Smith Reboots Fresh Prince of Bel Air '' . PopCultureFan.com . August 13 , 2015 . Retrieved August 13 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Loughrey , Clarisse ( August 2 , 2016 ) . `` Will Smith says Fresh Prince of Bel - Air reboot will happen when ' hell freezes over ' '' . The Independent . Retrieved August 4 , 2016 . External links ( edit ) African American portal Television in the United States portal Comedy portal Los Angeles portal 1990s portal Wikiquote has quotations related to : The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air . The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air at epguides.com The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air on IMDb The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air at TV.com ( hide ) The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air Episodes Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Season 4 Season 5 Season 6 Characters Will Smith Spinoffs Out All Night Theme song Yo Home to Bel - Air Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air&oldid=800603853 '' | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air&oldid=800603853 | 8,843,404,698,436,250,000 | <P> The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air is an American sitcom that originally aired on NBC from September 10 , 1990 , to May 20 , 1996 . The show stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself , a street - smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy aunt and uncle in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight on a local basketball court . In the series , his lifestyle often clashes with the lifestyle of his relatives in Bel Air . The series ran for six seasons and aired 148 episodes . </P> | Bel Air | 8843404698436249561_8 | true | The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air is an American television sitcom that originally aired on NBC from September 10, 1990, to May 20, 1996. The show stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself, a street-smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy aunt and uncle in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight in his hometown. The show is set in the affluent neighborhood of Bel Air, Los Angeles, California. The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air received critical acclaim and has since become a beloved classic, with its theme song "Yo Home to Bel-Air" being iconic in popular culture. |
from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air&oldid=800603853 '' Categories : The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air 1990s American comedy television series 1990 American television series debuts 1996 American television series endings American television sitcoms Black sitcoms Television series set in universities and colleges English - language television programs American high school television series Metafictional television series NBC network shows Teen sitcoms Television series by Warner Bros. Television Television series by Universal Television Television shows filmed in Los Angeles Television shows set in Los Angeles Television shows set in Philadelphia Hidden categories : Articles lacking reliable references from April 2011 All articles lacking reliable references Articles needing additional references from April 2017 All articles needing additional references Use mdy dates from June 2011 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Bosanski Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara Français Galego 한국어 Hrvatski Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenščina Suomi Svenska ไทย Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 14 September 2017 , at 15 : 29 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | [
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Crazier ( Taylor Swift song ) - wikipedia Crazier ( Taylor Swift song ) `` Crazier '' Promotional single by Taylor Swift from the album Hannah Montana : The Movie Released March 20 , 2009 Format Digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Country Length 3 : 12 Label Walt Disney Songwriter ( s ) Taylor Swift Robert Ellis Orrall Producer ( s ) Nathan Chapman Taylor Swift `` Crazier '' is a song by American recording artist Taylor Swift . The song was written by Swift and Robert Ellis Orrall and produced by Nathan Chapman with Swift 's aid . The song was featured in both the 2009 film Hannah Montana : The Movie and on its soundtrack . The song is a relaxed ballad with country qualities and lyrics that describe being in love . Swift performed the song as herself during a cameo in the Hannah Montana : The Movie ; this scene was taken from the film and released as a music video for `` Crazier '' . The song was premiered on Radio Disney and the Disney Channel , the latter promoting the home release of the film . The song charted at number seventeen on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , sixty - four in the Australian Singles Chart , sixty - seven in the Canadian Hot 100 , and at number one - hundred on the UK Singles Chart . `` Crazier '' was praised by critics , many of whom named it the best song on the soundtrack . Digital downloads began immediately after the soundtrack 's release on March 20 , 2009 , and led to commercial success in Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom , and the United States . Its highest international peak was at number seventeen on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States . Contents 1 Background 2 Critical reception 3 Chart performance 4 Music video 5 Charts and certifications 5.1 Weekly charts 5.2 Certifications 6 References Background ( edit ) Swift co-wrote `` Crazier '' with Robert Ellis Orrall . The song is set in compound time with six eighth notes per bar . It is played in E major at a moderately fast tempo of 144 beats per minute . Swift 's vocals span one octave , from E to B . The chorus has the following chord progression , E -- B -- C # m -- A . Taylor Swift `` Crazier '' ( 2009 ) A sample of Taylor Swift 's `` Crazier '' . The song is a country ballad with lyrics in regards to love . Problems playing this file ? See media | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Crazier_(Taylor_Swift_song)&oldid=833006909 | -3,176,840,260,413,059,600 | <P> `` Crazier '' is a song by American recording artist Taylor Swift . The song was written by Swift and Robert Ellis Orrall and produced by Nathan Chapman with Swift 's aid . The song was featured in both the 2009 film Hannah Montana : The Movie and on its soundtrack . The song is a relaxed ballad with country qualities and lyrics that describe being in love . Swift performed the song as herself during a cameo in the Hannah Montana : The Movie ; this scene was taken from the film and released as a music video for `` Crazier '' . The song was premiered on Radio Disney and the Disney Channel , the latter promoting the home release of the film . The song charted at number seventeen on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , sixty - four in the Australian Singles Chart , sixty - seven in the Canadian Hot 100 , and at number one - hundred on the UK Singles Chart . </P> | herself | -3176840260413059374_1 | true | "Crazier" is a song by American recording artist Taylor Swift, featured in the 2009 film Hannah Montana: The Movie and on its soundtrack. The song is a relaxed ballad with country qualities and lyrics that describe being in love. Swift performed the song as herself during a cameo in the movie, and this scene was taken from the film and released as a music video for "Crazier". The song was premiered on Radio Disney and the Disney Channel, promoting the home release of the film. The song charted at number seventeen on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States, sixty-four in the Australian Singles Chart, sixty-seven in the Canadian Hot 100, and at number one-hundred on the UK Singles Chart. "Crazier" was praised by critics, many of whom named it the best song on the soundtrack. Digital downloads began immediately after the soundtrack's release on March 20, 2009, and led to commercial success in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Swift co-wrote "Crazier" with Robert Ellis Orrall, and the song is set in compound time with six eighth notes per bar. It is played in E major at a moderately fast tempo of 144 beats per minute. Swift's vocals span one octave, from E to B. The chorus has the following chord progression, E -- B -- C#m -- A. |
in regards to love . Problems playing this file ? See media help . The song 's appearance in Hannah Montana : The Movie came about after filmmakers approached Swift about using her music in the film . Film officials emailed her asking for a song `` that was perfect to fall in love to '' and `` sort of a country waltz '' . Although it was not written intentionally for the film , Swift sent in `` Crazier '' and the filmmakers `` loved it '' . In addition , Swift offered to perform the song in the film herself as a cameo appearance . In the film , Swift performs at an open mic fundraiser to save a small town 's treasured park from developers . The quick scene was filmed in a single day , but Swift 's performance impressed film members . Film director Peter Chelsom said , `` I 've made a very big mental check to work with her again . '' Critical reception ( edit ) The song received critical acclaim . Warren Truitt of About.com complimented Swift 's `` chim ( ing ) '' in the ballad . Heather Phares of Allmusic praised the track , calling it `` the best song on Hannah Montana : The Movie '' . She complimented it for being `` more genuine , more effortless , than any of ( Cyrus ' ) or Hannah 's tracks '' . James Berardinelli agreed , stating , `` Arguably , the movie 's biggest mistake is having Taylor Swift perform a song , since she can sing and the comparison is not flattering to the movie 's star . '' Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly described `` Crazier '' as `` a pretty , yearning ballad '' . Premiere magazine reviewer Olivia Putnal referred to Swift 's performance one of the film 's `` high points '' . Peter Hartlaub of The San Francisco Chronicle believed that Swift 's cameo was enjoyable , but also calls it a mistake on the part of the filmmakers , explaining `` Swift is so talented that she makes Cyrus seem bland by comparison . '' Perry Seibert from TV Guide wrote , `` when genuine teen star Taylor Swift shows up to perform ( ... ) she demonstrates all the spontaneity and authenticity that Miley Cyrus lacks . '' Chart performance ( edit ) `` Crazier '' received exclusive airplay on Radio Disney . The song made its debut on the Billboard Hot 100 at number seventy - two on the week ending April 11 , 2009 . `` Crazier '' rose three spots to number sixty - nine in the following week , but jumped to number thirty - eight on the week ending April 25 , 2009 due to an 87 percent increase in digital downloads . For the week of Saturday , May 2 , 2009 , the song reached its peak on the Hot 100 at number seventeen , selling 110,000 downloads . It also peaked at number twenty - eight on the Pop 100 chart . As of November 2014 , Crazier has sold one million copies in the USA . As the song was not officially released to radio as a single , digital sales also accounted for `` Crazier '' 's appearance on international charts . The song debuted | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Crazier_(Taylor_Swift_song)&oldid=833006909 | -3,176,840,260,413,059,600 | <P> `` Crazier '' is a song by American recording artist Taylor Swift . The song was written by Swift and Robert Ellis Orrall and produced by Nathan Chapman with Swift 's aid . The song was featured in both the 2009 film Hannah Montana : The Movie and on its soundtrack . The song is a relaxed ballad with country qualities and lyrics that describe being in love . Swift performed the song as herself during a cameo in the Hannah Montana : The Movie ; this scene was taken from the film and released as a music video for `` Crazier '' . The song was premiered on Radio Disney and the Disney Channel , the latter promoting the home release of the film . The song charted at number seventeen on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , sixty - four in the Australian Singles Chart , sixty - seven in the Canadian Hot 100 , and at number one - hundred on the UK Singles Chart . </P> | herself | -3176840260413059374_2 | true | In the film "Hannah Montana: The Movie," Taylor Swift made a cameo appearance as herself. The filmmakers approached Swift to use her music in the film, and she sent in the song "Crazier," which was well-received. Swift also offered to perform the song in the film, and her performance impressed the film members. Critics praised her performance, with some stating that she outshone the movie's star, Miley Cyrus. "Crazier" received exclusive airplay on Radio Disney and made its debut on the Billboard Hot 100. It reached its peak at number seventeen on the Hot 100 and has sold one million copies in the USA. |
sales also accounted for `` Crazier '' 's appearance on international charts . The song debuted at number seventy - nine on the week ending April 11 , 2009 . For the week ending May 2 , 2009 , it reached number thirty on Hot Canadian Digital Singles and number sixty - three on the Canadian Hot 100 . `` Crazier '' reached number fifty - seven on the Australian Singles Chart . The song debuted and peaked at number one - hundred in the UK Singles Chart for the week ending May 16 , 2009 . Music video ( edit ) Swift performing with an acoustic guitar in the music video for `` Crazier '' , which is an excerpt from Hannah Montana : The Movie . The music video for `` Crazier '' , directed by Peter Chelsom , features excerpts from Hannah Montana : The Movie and premiered on March 28 , 2009 on the Disney Channel . The video begins in its principal setting with Swift and two backup musicians atop a stage in a crowded barn . Swift is dressed in a fitted pastel sundress and plays an acoustic guitar strapped over her shoulder . The backup musicians play the fiddle , the piano , the drum set , and the upright bass . The video then transitions to a clip from Hannah Montana : The Movie in which Miley Stewart ( Miley Cyrus ) spots her love interest , Travis Brody ( Lucas Till ) , riding a brown horse . The video alternates between Swift performing and more film clips . Other scenes include Stewart and Brody riding the brown horse together , Stewart staring out from a red car into the street , Brody swinging from a rope in a waterfall , and the two characters on a date . At the end of the video , the couple are slow dancing in the audience for which Swift sings . Charts and certifications ( edit ) Weekly charts ( edit ) Chart ( 2009 ) Peak position Australia ( ARIA ) 57 Canada ( Canadian Hot 100 ) 67 UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) 100 US Billboard Hot 100 17 US Billboard Pop 100 28 Certifications ( edit ) Region Certification Certified units / Sales United States ( RIAA ) Platinum 1,000,000 sales figures based on certification alone shipments figures based on certification alone References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Crazier '' . Billboard . Retrieved October 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` ARIA Charts '' ( PDF ) . Pandora . Retrieved October 10 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Official Singles Chart Top 100 '' . Official Charts Company . ^ Jump up to : `` Digital sheet music -- Taylor Swift -- Crazier '' . Musicnotes.com . | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Crazier_(Taylor_Swift_song)&oldid=833006909 | -3,176,840,260,413,059,600 | <P> `` Crazier '' is a song by American recording artist Taylor Swift . The song was written by Swift and Robert Ellis Orrall and produced by Nathan Chapman with Swift 's aid . The song was featured in both the 2009 film Hannah Montana : The Movie and on its soundtrack . The song is a relaxed ballad with country qualities and lyrics that describe being in love . Swift performed the song as herself during a cameo in the Hannah Montana : The Movie ; this scene was taken from the film and released as a music video for `` Crazier '' . The song was premiered on Radio Disney and the Disney Channel , the latter promoting the home release of the film . The song charted at number seventeen on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , sixty - four in the Australian Singles Chart , sixty - seven in the Canadian Hot 100 , and at number one - hundred on the UK Singles Chart . </P> | herself | -3176840260413059374_3 | false | "Crazier" by Taylor Swift is a song that appeared on international charts due to its sales. The song debuted at number seventy-nine on the week ending April 11, 2009, and reached number thirty on Hot Canadian Digital Singles and number sixty-three on the Canadian Hot 100. It also reached number fifty-seven on the Australian Singles Chart and debuted and peaked at number one-hundred in the UK Singles Chart for the week ending May 16, 2009.
The music video for "Crazier," directed by Peter Chelsom, features excerpts from Hannah Montana: The Movie and premiered on March 28, 2009, on the Disney Channel. The video features Swift performing with an acoustic guitar in a crowded barn, as well as clips from the movie showing Miley Stewart (Miley Cyrus) and her love interest, Travis Brody (Lucas Till), riding a brown horse and on a date.
In terms of chart performance, "Crazier" peaked at number 57 on the Australia (ARIA) chart, number 67 on the Canada (Canadian Hot 100) chart, number 100 on the UK Singles (Official Charts Company) chart, number 17 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and number 28 on the US Billboard Pop 100. The song was certified Platinum in the United States by the RIAA, with 1,000,000 certified units/sales.
References:
- "Crazier". Billboard. Retrieved October 10, 2009.
- "ARIA Charts" (PDF). Pandora. Retrieved October 10, 2009.
- "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
- "Digital sheet music -- Taylor Swift -- Crazier". Musicnotes.com. |
. ^ Jump up to : `` Digital sheet music -- Taylor Swift -- Crazier '' . Musicnotes.com . Archived from the original on August 23 , 2010 . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Hannah Montana The Movie Production Notes '' ( PDF ) . VisualHollywood.com . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on November 18 , 2009 . Retrieved October 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Malkin , Marc ( March 31 , 2009 ) . `` Hannah Montana Director Also Says Sequel Unlikely '' . E ! Online . Archived from the original on June 29 , 2011 . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Truitt , Warren ( March 24 , 2009 ) . `` Miley Cyrus -- Hannah Montana : The Movie Soundtrack '' . About.com . Archived from the original on April 12 , 2014 . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Phares , Heather . `` Hannah Montana : The Movie ( Soundtrack ) > Review '' . Allmusic . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Berardinelli , James ( April 9 , 2009 ) . `` Hannah Montana : The Movie '' . Reelviews.com . Archived from the original on December 13 , 2013 . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Greenblatt , Leah ( March 18 , 2009 ) . `` Hannah Montana : The Movie ( 2009 ) '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on December 13 , 2013 . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Putnal , Olivia ( April 9 , 2009 ) . `` Hannah Montana : The Movie '' . Premiere . Archived from the original on July 9 , 2009 . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Hartlaub , Peter ( April 10 , 2009 ) . `` Movie review : Hannah Montana : The Movie '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Archived from the original on April 14 , 2009 . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Seibert , Perry . `` Hannah Montana : The Movie '' . TV Guide . Archived from the original on March 20 , 2012 . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Ben - Yehuda , Ayala ; Silvio Pietroluongo ( April 2 , 2009 ) . `` Lady GaGa Scores Hot 100 Milestone With ' Poker Face ' '' . Billboard . Los Angeles and New York City . Archived from the original on September 25 , 2013 . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Taylor Swift -- Crazier -- Music Charts '' . aCharts.us . Archived from the original on March 30 , 2014 . Retrieved November 6 , 2006 . Jump up ^ Trust , Gary ; Keith Caulfield ( April 16 , 2009 ) . `` Chart Beat : Rascal Flatts , Miley Cyrus , Eminem , Jason Mraz '' . Billboard . Los Angeles and New York City . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2013 . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Ben - Yehuda , Ayala ; Silvio Pietroluongo ( April 16 , 2009 ) . `` Hannah Montana ' Boosts Six Songs On Hot 100 '' . Billboard . Los Angeles and New York City . Archived from the original on May 9 , 2014 . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Pietroluongo , Silvio ; Keith Caulfield ( April 23 , 2009 ) . `` Eminem , Green Day Make Big Hot 100 Debuts '' . | [
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, Silvio ; Keith Caulfield ( April 23 , 2009 ) . `` Eminem , Green Day Make Big Hot 100 Debuts '' . Billboard . Miami and Los Angeles . Archived from the original on June 17 , 2013 . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Crazier '' . Billboard . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Taylor Swift > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles '' . Allmusic . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Trust , Gary ( November 11 , 2014 ) . `` Ask Billboard : All - Taylor Swift Edition '' . Billboard . Retrieved November 11 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` ARIA Charts '' ( PDF ) . Pandora . Retrieved November 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Crazier ( 2009 ) '' . AOL . Retrieved January 30 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Australian-charts.com -- Taylor Swift -- Crazier '' . ARIA Top 50 Singles . Jump up ^ `` Taylor Swift Chart History ( Canadian Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` Taylor Swift Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` American single certifications -- Taylor Swift -- Crazier '' . Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved November 11 , 2014 . If necessary , click Advanced , then click Format , then select Single , then click SEARCH Taylor Swift songs Discography Taylor Swift `` Tim McGraw '' `` Picture to Burn '' `` Teardrops on My Guitar '' `` Should 've Said No '' `` Our Song '' Fearless `` Fearless '' `` Fifteen '' `` Love Story '' `` White Horse '' `` You Belong with Me '' `` Breathe '' `` You 're Not Sorry '' `` Forever & Always '' `` Change '' Speak Now `` Mine '' `` Sparks Fly '' `` Back to December '' `` Dear John '' `` Speak Now '' `` Mean '' `` The Story of Us '' `` Innocent '' `` Ours '' Red `` State of Grace '' `` Red '' `` I Knew You Were Trouble '' `` All Too Well '' `` 22 '' `` We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together '' `` The Last Time '' `` Everything Has Changed '' `` Begin Again '' `` Welcome to New York '' `` Blank Space '' `` Style '' `` Out of the Woods '' `` Shake It Off '' `` Bad Blood '' `` Wildest Dreams '' `` Wonderland '' `` New Romantics '' Reputation `` | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Crazier_(Taylor_Swift_song)&oldid=833006909 | -3,176,840,260,413,059,600 | <P> `` Crazier '' is a song by American recording artist Taylor Swift . The song was written by Swift and Robert Ellis Orrall and produced by Nathan Chapman with Swift 's aid . The song was featured in both the 2009 film Hannah Montana : The Movie and on its soundtrack . The song is a relaxed ballad with country qualities and lyrics that describe being in love . Swift performed the song as herself during a cameo in the Hannah Montana : The Movie ; this scene was taken from the film and released as a music video for `` Crazier '' . The song was premiered on Radio Disney and the Disney Channel , the latter promoting the home release of the film . The song charted at number seventeen on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , sixty - four in the Australian Singles Chart , sixty - seven in the Canadian Hot 100 , and at number one - hundred on the UK Singles Chart . </P> | herself | -3176840260413059374_5 | false | Taylor Swift is an American singer-songwriter known for her narrative songwriting and emotional ballads. She made her debut in the music industry with the release of her self-titled album in 2006. Since then, she has become one of the best-selling music artists of all time, with numerous awards and accolades to her name.
In addition to her successful music career, Taylor Swift has also ventured into acting. One of her notable appearances was in the 2009 film "Hannah Montana: The Movie," where she played herself. This cameo role showcased her versatility as an artist and further solidified her status as a multi-talented entertainer.
Taylor Swift's involvement in "Hannah Montana: The Movie" was well-received by fans and critics alike, and it demonstrated her ability to seamlessly transition between different forms of entertainment. Her appearance in the film added to her growing list of accomplishments and contributed to her widespread popularity among audiences of all ages. |
`` New Romantics '' Reputation `` ... Ready for It ? '' `` End Game '' `` Delicate '' `` Look What You Made Me Do '' `` Gorgeous '' `` Call It What You Want '' `` New Year 's Day '' As a featured artist `` Two Is Better Than One '' `` Half of My Heart '' `` Both of Us '' `` Highway Do n't Care '' `` Babe '' Other songs `` Crazier '' `` Today Was a Fairytale '' `` Safe & Sound '' `` Long Live '' `` Eyes Open '' `` Ronan '' `` Sweeter Than Fiction '' `` I Do n't Wanna Live Forever '' `` Best Days of Your Life '' `` Better Man '' `` This Is What You Came For '' `` You 'll Always Find Your Way Back Home '' Hannah Montana songs Hannah Montana `` The Best of Both Worlds '' `` Who Said '' `` Pumpin ' Up the Party '' `` If We Were a Movie '' `` I Got Nerve '' Hannah Montana 2 `` Nobody 's Perfect '' `` Make Some Noise '' `` Life 's What You Make It '' `` One in a Million '' Hannah Montana : The Movie `` You 'll Always Find Your Way Back Home '' `` Let 's Do This '' `` Let 's Get Crazy '' Hannah Montana 3 `` I Wanna Know You '' `` Ice Cream Freeze ( Let 's Chill ) '' `` He Could Be the One '' `` Supergirl '' Hannah Montana Forever `` Gonna Get This '' `` Ordinary Girl '' Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crazier_(Taylor_Swift_song)&oldid=833006909 '' Categories : 2000s ballads 2009 songs Taylor Swift songs Songs written by Taylor Swift Songs written by Robert Ellis Orrall Songs written for films Song recordings produced by Nathan Chapman ( record producer ) Country ballads Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from May 2014 Articles with hAudio microformats All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014 Singlechart usages for Australia Singlechart usages for Canada Singlechart called without song Singlechart usages for UK Singlechart making named | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Crazier_(Taylor_Swift_song)&oldid=833006909 | -3,176,840,260,413,059,600 | <P> `` Crazier '' is a song by American recording artist Taylor Swift . The song was written by Swift and Robert Ellis Orrall and produced by Nathan Chapman with Swift 's aid . The song was featured in both the 2009 film Hannah Montana : The Movie and on its soundtrack . The song is a relaxed ballad with country qualities and lyrics that describe being in love . Swift performed the song as herself during a cameo in the Hannah Montana : The Movie ; this scene was taken from the film and released as a music video for `` Crazier '' . The song was premiered on Radio Disney and the Disney Channel , the latter promoting the home release of the film . The song charted at number seventeen on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , sixty - four in the Australian Singles Chart , sixty - seven in the Canadian Hot 100 , and at number one - hundred on the UK Singles Chart . </P> | herself | -3176840260413059374_6 | false | Taylor Swift is an American singer-songwriter known for her contributions to the country and pop music genres. In addition to her solo work, she has also been featured as a guest artist on various songs. Some of her notable songs include "Crazier," "Today Was a Fairytale," and "You Belong with Me." She has also made appearances in the popular television show Hannah Montana, where she played herself. |
called without song Singlechart usages for UK Singlechart making named ref Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100 Certification Table Entry usages for United States Good articles Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español Հայերեն Hrvatski Italiano Português Русский Slovenščina Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 4 more Edit links This page was last edited on 29 March 2018 , at 04 : 38 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | [
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You Win or You Die - wikipedia You Win or You Die Jump to : navigation , search `` You Win or You Die '' Game of Thrones episode The new King , Joffrey Baratheon , and his mother , Cersei Lannister , trapping Eddard Stark . Episode no . Season 1 Episode 7 Directed by Daniel Minahan Written by David Benioff D.B. Weiss Featured music Ramin Djawadi Cinematography by Matthew Jensen Editing by Martin Nicholson Original air date May 29 , 2011 ( 2011 - 05 - 29 ) Running time 58 minutes Guest appearance ( s ) Donald Sumpter as Maester Luwin Conleth Hill as Lord Varys James Cosmo as Ser Jeor Mormont Owen Teale as Ser Alliser Thorne Charles Dance as Lord Tywin Lannister Ian McElhinney as Ser Barristan Selmy John Bradley as Samwell Tarly Peter Vaughan as Maester Aemon Julian Glover as Grand Maester Pycelle Gethin Anthony as Lord Renly Baratheon Dominic Carter as Janos Slynt Natalia Tena as Osha Esmé Bianco as Ros Mark Stanley as Grenn Josef Altin as Pyp Luke McEwan as Rast Amrita Acharia as Irri Roxanne McKee as Doreah Elyes Gabel as Rakharo Dar Salim as Qotho Brian Fortune as Othell Yarwyck Episode chronology ← Previous `` A Golden Crown '' Next → `` The Pointy End '' Game of Thrones ( season 1 ) List of Game of Thrones episodes `` You Win or You Die '' is the seventh episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones . It was written by David Benioff and D.B. Weiss , and directed by Daniel Minahan . Set to air May 29 , 2011 , the episode was released in advance immediately following the conclusion of `` A Golden Crown '' to HBO customers with access to HBO Go . The episode furthers the story line of deterioration of the political balance of the Seven Kingdoms , with Eddard Stark revealing what he has discovered to Cersei Lannister while King Robert is still away on a hunt . The title of the episode is part of a quote from Cersei Lannister during the final confrontation with Eddard : `` When you play the game of thrones , you win or you die . There is no middle ground . '' The catchphrase has been frequently used during the promotion of both the books | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=You_Win_or_You_Die&oldid=804837563 | -4,585,731,465,090,474,500 | <P> The episode furthers the story line of deterioration of the political balance of the Seven Kingdoms , with Eddard Stark revealing what he has discovered to Cersei Lannister while King Robert is still away on a hunt . The title of the episode is part of a quote from Cersei Lannister during the final confrontation with Eddard : `` When you play the game of thrones , you win or you die . There is no middle ground . '' The catchphrase has been frequently used during the promotion of both the books and the television series . </P> | Cersei Lannister | -4585731465090474307_1 | true | "You Win or You Die" is the seventh episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones. It was written by David Benioff and D.B. Weiss, and directed by Daniel Minahan. Set to air May 29, 2011, the episode was released in advance immediately following the conclusion of "A Golden Crown" to HBO customers with access to HBO Go. The episode furthers the story line of deterioration of the political balance of the Seven Kingdoms, with Eddard Stark revealing what he has discovered to Cersei Lannister while King Robert is still away on a hunt. The title of the episode is part of a quote from Cersei Lannister during the final confrontation with Eddard: "When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die. There is no middle ground." The catchphrase has been frequently used during the promotion of both the books. |
middle ground . '' The catchphrase has been frequently used during the promotion of both the books and the television series . The episode was generally well received by critics for its well - acted dramatic tension , but with several criticizing the coupling of exposition and nudity as `` sexposition . '' In the United States , the episode achieved a viewership of 2.4 million in its initial broadcast . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 1.1 At the Lannister camp 1.2 At Winterfell 1.3 At the Wall 1.4 In Vaes Dothrak 1.5 In King 's Landing 2 Production 2.1 Writing 2.2 Casting 2.3 Filming locations 3 Reception 3.1 Ratings 3.2 Critical response 4 References 5 External links Plot ( edit ) Like previous episodes , `` You Win or You Die '' interweaves action happening in multiple separate locations within and around the Kingdom of Westeros . While the dramatic center of this episode is in the capital of King 's Landing , where the title quote is issued , ongoing events at The Wall and Winterfell in the north and with the Dothraki across the Narrow Sea continue , and events at the Lannister army 's camp are depicted as well . At the Lannister camp ( edit ) Lord Tywin Lannister talks with his son Jaime while the former is skinning a stag , symbolic animal of the house Baratheon . While Tywin chastises Jaime for causing the recent troubles with the Starks , he nevertheless believes this war is the perfect opportunity for the Lannisters to set up a dynasty as the new rulers of the Seven Kingdoms . Tywin gives half of his forces to Jaime to attack Riverrun , the seat of House Tully and Lady Catelyn 's childhood home , in retaliation for Catelyn 's seizure of Tyrion . At Winterfell ( edit ) The captured wildling Osha , now a servant of the Starks , is harassed by Theon Greyjoy , who warns her that if she had been arrested in his homeland the Iron Islands , she would have suffered a worse fate . As Maester Luwin tells Theon to leave her alone after witnessing Theon 's sexual advance on her , he asks Osha why she and other wildlings are coming south from the Wall . She reveals they were fleeing from the White Walkers , who have apparently returned after millennia of slumber , and declares that every army in the Seven Kingdoms should be marching north to confront that threat . At the Wall ( edit ) Benjen Stark 's horse returns from north of the Wall without him , much to the worry of his nephew , Jon Snow . Later , to Jon 's disappointment and anger , he is told he has been assigned as a steward to the Lord Commander instead of a ranger , like his uncle . Jon suspects Ser Alliser Thorne 's involvement , as revenge for Jon defying him ; however , Sam | [
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Plot:
Like previous episodes, "You Win or You Die" interweaves action happening in multiple separate locations within and around the Kingdom of Westeros. While the dramatic center of this episode is in the capital of King's Landing, where the title quote is issued, ongoing events at The Wall and Winterfell in the north and with the Dothraki across the Narrow Sea continue, and events at the Lannister army's camp are depicted as well.
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Lord Tywin Lannister talks with his son Jaime while the former is skinning a stag, symbolic animal of the house Baratheon. While Tywin chastises Jaime for causing the recent troubles with the Starks, he nevertheless believes this war is the perfect opportunity for the Lannisters to set up a dynasty as the new rulers of the Seven Kingdoms. Tywin gives half of his forces to Jaime to attack Riverrun, the seat of House Tully and Lady Catelyn's childhood home, in retaliation for Catelyn's seizure of Tyrion.
At Winterfell:
The captured wildling Osha, now a servant of the Starks, is harassed by Theon Greyjoy, who warns her that if she had been arrested in his homeland the Iron Islands, she would have suffered a worse fate. As Maester Luwin tells Theon to leave her alone after witnessing Theon's sexual advance on her, he asks Osha why she and other wildlings are coming south from the Wall. She reveals they were fleeing from the White Walkers, who have apparently returned after millennia of slumber, and declares that every army in the Seven Kingdoms should be marching north to confront that threat.
At the Wall:
Benjen Stark's horse returns from north of the Wall without him, much to the worry of his nephew, Jon Snow. Later, to Jon's disappointment and anger, he is told he has been assigned as a steward to the Lord Commander instead of a ranger, like his uncle. Jon suspects Ser Alliser Thorne's involvement, as revenge for Jon defying him; however, Sam. |
. Jon suspects Ser Alliser Thorne 's involvement , as revenge for Jon defying him ; however , Sam believes that this assignment may mean he is being groomed for command . As Jon and Sam take their vows near a heart tree , Jon 's direwolf brings him a dismembered hand . In Vaes Dothrak ( edit ) Daenerys Targaryen attempts to convince Khal Drogo to return to her homeland and reclaim the throne of the Seven Kingdoms , but he is not interested . While Daenerys and her entourage go sightseeing at a market , Ser Jorah Mormont receives a pardon for him to return to the Seven Kingdoms from an informant of Lord Varys . Jorah realizes this means the order to assassinate Daenerys has been officially issued and quickly saves her from a wine merchant who tries to poison her . Drogo , angered by the attempt on his wife 's life , vows to his followers that he will lead his people to cross the Narrow Sea to invade the Seven Kingdoms as revenge and reclaim the Iron Throne for his unborn son . In King 's Landing ( edit ) Ned confronts Queen Cersei , telling her that he knows Prince Joffrey and his siblings are not King Robert 's children , but were incestuously fathered by her brother Jaime . Cersei defends her affair with Jaime , comparing it to the ancient Targaryen practice of wedding brothers to sisters and saying she tried to love Robert , but he refused to love her because he was still in love with Ned 's deceased sister , Lyanna . Ned shows Cersei mercy and tells her to leave the capital with her children before he tells Robert the truth . Unexpectedly , Lord Renly Baratheon returns and informs Ned that , while hunting , Robert was mortally wounded by a boar . On his deathbed , Robert dictates his will to Ned , in which Robert makes Ned the Lord Regent and Protector of the Realm until Joffrey comes of age . Ned writes down Robert 's words , but instead of using `` Joffrey , '' Ned writes `` my rightful heir , '' making the succession ambiguous . Robert signs the will without reading this change in wording and begs Ned to make Joffrey a better man . Robert also tells Ned that he was wrong to have ordered Daenerys Targaryen 's assassination and orders Ned to let her live . Fearing Cersei and the Lannisters will use this time to their advantage , Renly tries to convince Ned they should raise an army and launch a coup d'état ; however , Ned refuses him . Ned wants to ensure that the crown passes to the rightful heir : Stannis Baratheon , Robert and Renly 's brother . Ned writes a letter to Stannis informing him of the situation , dispatching it to Dragonstone , Stannis ' island fortress . Ned also reveals to Petyr `` Littlefinger '' Baelish the truth of Joffrey 's heritage , to which Littlefinger suggests they allow Joffrey and the Lannisters to take the throne , and if Joffrey proves to be an unfit ruler , they can use the truth to overthrow him and make Renly the king instead . Ned refuses such | [
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ruler , they can use the truth to overthrow him and make Renly the king instead . Ned refuses such treason , asking Littlefinger to secure the support of the City Watch to overpower Cersei 's men - at - arms if they attempt to seize the throne . By the time Robert dies , Renly has fled the capital , and Joffrey has already ordered his own coronation within a fortnight . As Ned and his allies enter the throne room , he gives Ser Barristan Selmy Robert 's will to read out aloud . Cersei refuses to follow Robert 's will and tears it up , ordering Barristan to seize Ned . Ned orders his men to arrest Cersei and Joffrey . As both sides prepare to fight , the City Watch slaughters the Stark men while Littlefinger holds Ned with a knife at his throat , telling Ned that he should have listened to Littlefinger 's advice about distrusting him . Production ( edit ) Writing ( edit ) The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D.B. Weiss . The episode was written by the showrunners David Benioff and D.B. Weiss , based on the original novel by George R.R. Martin . The chapters included in `` You Win or You Die '' are 46 , 48 - 50 , and 55 ( Eddard XII , Eddard XIII , Jon VI , Eddard XIV , and Daenerys VI ) , making it the episode that includes fewest chapters of the source novel in the entire first season . Among the scenes created specifically for the show were a meeting between Tywin and Jaime Lannister ( as Lord Tywin is field dressing a stag ) and a `` training '' session between Littlefinger and two new female recruits for one of his brothels . Casting ( edit ) `` You Win or You Die '' marks the first appearance of Charles Dance as Lord Tywin , the patriarch of the Lannister household . Cast in the role shortly after the production began , Dance had been the first choice of the producers and one of the fan favorites for the role . Author George R.R. Martin commented that `` his commanding screen presence and steely charisma should make him the perfect Lord Tywin . '' The deer that is field dressed by Tywin in the opening scene was a real dead stag . Dance had no previous experience with skinning and gutting , and before filming the scene practiced for an hour with a butcher . Filming locations ( edit ) Most of the episode was shot on set at the Irish studios of The Paint Hall . The exteriors of the entrance of Vaes Dothrak were filmed in the Sandy Brae area , and for the confrontation between Eddard and Cersei taking place in the Red Keep 's gardens ( identified as a godswood in the novels ) the production used the cloister of the St Dominic Monastery in Rabat , in Malta . Reception ( edit ) Ratings ( edit ) `` You Win or You Die '' 's first airing was seen by 2.4 million viewers , stabilizing the show 's ratings . This could be considered positive when taking into account that the episode had been offered in advance during | [
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be considered positive when taking into account that the episode had been offered in advance during all the preceding week in HBO 's online service , and that it was aired in a three - day holiday weekend which often results in lower viewership . With the second airing , the total audience for the night was 3.2 million viewers . Critical response ( edit ) The episode was well received by critics . Time 's reviewer James Poniewozik called `` You Win or You Die '' the `` most thrilling and thematically rich hour to date , '' AOL TV 's Maureen Ryan found it an excellent outing that `` saw the stakes raised in satisfying and suspenseful ways , '' and HitFix 's Alan Sepinwall called it a terrific episode and commended how `` it turned the spotlight on the characters who are villains in Ned Stark 's version of the story . '' `` The titular game of thrones ( which gets namechecked in the line from Cersei that also provides the individual episode name ) has moved past the opening gambit stage now . Major players are falling , alliances are being made and broken , and based on what we know is happening in the north with the White Walkers and to the east with the Dothraki , the game is bound to get a lot bloodier in a damn hurry . These people do n't have time to be stressing about who sits on the Iron Throne , not when giant zombies and / or relentless master warriors are on their way . '' -- Alan Sepinwall , HitFix Poniewozik continued : `` We knew this would be a significant episode if for no other reason than that it contains the scene -- alluded to in the episode 's title -- that gives the series its name , '' a sentiment Sepinwall agreed with . Myles McNutt , writing for Cultural Learnings , also considered `` You Win or You Die '' a climactic moment in the series . IGN 's Matt Fowler noted that this was the episode that saw Ned Stark `` unfortunately thwarted by his own honorable intentions , '' but that his `` stubborn nobility is what makes Ned such a great character . '' The final showdown with the Lannisters seizing control from Eddard was much discussed , with many commentators criticizing Ned 's ingenuity and his actions during the episode . In The Atlantic , Scott Meslow wrote that Eddard could never win the `` game of thrones '' because he is dedicated to playing by the rules . In his opinion , `` one ca n't afford to play fair '' when the only outcomes are `` win '' or `` die . '' McNutt felt that the climax at the episode 's end `` was really well handled by both the cast and the director ( Dan Minahan ) . '' As well as the final confrontation between Eddard and Cersei , other scenes were praised by the critics . The introduction of Charles Dance as Lord Tywin Lannister was considered `` a beauty '' by Todd VanDerWerff from the A.V. Club , who admired how a single scene depicted not only the relationship between Tywin and Jaime , but also all the dynamics of the Lannister clan . He also | [
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relationship between Tywin and Jaime , but also all the dynamics of the Lannister clan . He also praised the work of Nikolaj Coster - Waldau in the scene , commenting that despite having few lines , he transmitted that Jaime is cowed by his father very well . Maureen Ryan agreed with that sentiment , and also lauded Natalia Tena 's short appearance . David Sims ( a second reviewer for the A.V. Club ) highlighted the work of Mark Addy in his final scene , extending the praise to the rest of his work on the series . Critics agreed that the scenes with the Dothraki were strong , with the storyline having improved significantly since the first episodes . Poniewozik stated that `` this was the first week for me that the Dothraki scenes were not just absorbing but felt like the characters were as well - imagined as those in Westeros , '' and McNutt felt the episode `` finally allows Khal Drogo to become an actual character . '' Drogo 's rant vowing to give his unborn son the Iron Throne led to compliments about Jason Momoa 's intensity and Emilia Clarke 's calm and loving facial expressions . However , the scene where Littlefinger exposes his motivations while hiring two whores for his brothel was largely criticized as an example of the show 's perceived abuse of conversations with prostitutes as an expository device , a situation for which Myles McNutt coined the term `` sexposition . '' Aidan Gillen 's acting was consistently praised and the comparison between Littlefinger 's actions and faking an orgasm was considered apt , but many agreed with Meslow 's statement that it was `` annoyingly overshadowed by the series ' most gratuitous sex scene to date . '' Among other criticisms were the scene 's excessive length , the repetition of the dramatic approach , and the assumption that viewers were not going to pay attention when presented with a long exposition that did not include sex . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Game of Thrones 07 '' . HBO . Retrieved August 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Schwartz , Terri . `` ' Game Of Thrones ' First Official Poster Reminds You That In War , You Win Or You Die '' . MTV Movies Blog . Retrieved June 4 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Garcia , Elio . `` Game of Thrones : You Win or You Die '' . Suvudu . Retrieved May 31 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Garcia , Elio ; Antonsson , Linda ( March 31 , 2012 ) . `` EP107 : You Win or You Die '' . Westeros.org . Retrieved November 9 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : VanDerWerff , Todd . `` You Win or You Die ( For Experts ) '' . A.V. Club . Retrieved May 31 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Martin , George R.R. `` Three More for the Show '' . Not a Blog . Archived from the original on July 21 , 2011 . Retrieved May 28 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Inside the Episode : You Win or You Die '' . HBO . Retrieved May 28 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Dance , Charles ; Smith , Kelly - Anne ( interviewer ) ( 2012 - 04 - 16 ) . Game of | [
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Jump up ^ Dance , Charles ; Smith , Kelly - Anne ( interviewer ) ( 2012 - 04 - 16 ) . Game of Thrones : Thronecast : Uncut Charles Dance Interview ( SPOILERS ! ) . Sky Atlantic / YouTube . Jump up ^ Cogman , Bryan ( August 5 , 2010 ) . `` Dispatches From The Seven Kingdoms : Swarming Horde '' . makinggameofthrones.com . Retrieved January 14 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` More on Malta '' . Winter is Coming.net . Archived from the original on December 12 , 2013 . Retrieved May 26 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Hibberd , James . `` ' Game of Thrones ' episode seven ratings are in '' . Enterntainment Weekly . Retrieved June 1 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Poniewozik , James ( May 30 , 2011 ) . `` Game of Thrones Watch : Boared to Death '' . Time . Retrieved June 3 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Ryan , Maureen . `` ' Game of Thrones ' Season 1 , Episode 7 Recap '' . TV Squad . Archived from the original on May 2 , 2012 . Retrieved June 3 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Sepinwall , Alan . `` Review : ' Game of Thrones ' - ' You Win or You Die ' : The boar war '' . HitFix . Retrieved June 3 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : McNutt , Myles . `` Game of Thrones -- `` You Win or You Die '' `` . Cultural Learnings . Retrieved June 3 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Fowler , Matt . `` Game of Thrones : `` You Win or You Die '' Review `` . IGN . Retrieved May 29 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Meslow , Scott . `` ' Game of Thrones ' : Cheaters Always Win '' . The Atlantic . Retrieved June 1 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Sims , David . `` '' You Win Or You Die '' ( for newbies ) `` . A.V. Club . Retrieved June 1 , 2011 . External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : You Win or You Die `` You Win or You Die '' at HBO `` You Win or You Die '' on IMDb `` You Win or You Die '' at TV.com ( hide ) Game of Thrones episodes Seasons : 1 5 6 7 Season 1 `` Winter Is Coming '' `` The Kingsroad '' `` Lord Snow '' `` Cripples , Bastards , and Broken Things '' `` The Wolf and the Lion '' `` A Golden Crown '' `` You Win or You Die '' `` The Pointy End '' `` Baelor '' `` Fire and Blood '' Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=You_Win_or_You_Die&oldid=804837563 '' Categories : 2011 American television episodes Game of Thrones episodes Hidden categories : Good articles Talk | [
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Talk Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Dansk Español فارسی Français 日本 語 Português Русский Türkçe Edit links This page was last edited on 11 October 2017 , at 12 : 55 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | [
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The document does not contain the answer to the question, but it provides information about Wikipedia and its terms of use. Therefore, the answer to the question is not included in this section of the article. |
Christa McAuliffe - Wikipedia Christa McAuliffe Christa McAuliffe NASA Space flight participant Nationality American Status Killed during mission Sharon Christa Corrigan ( 1948 - 09 - 02 ) September 2 , 1948 Boston , Massachusetts January 28 , 1986 ( 1986 - 01 - 28 ) ( aged 37 ) Cape Canaveral , Florida Other occupation Teacher Selection Teacher in Space Project ( 1985 ) Missions STS - 51 - L Mission insignia Awards Sharon Christa McAuliffe ( born Sharon Christa Corrigan ; September 2 , 1948 -- January 28 , 1986 ) was an American teacher from Concord , New Hampshire and one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster . She received her bachelor 's degree in education and history from Framingham State College in 1970 and also a master 's degree in education , supervision and administration from Bowie State University in 1978 . She took a teaching position as a social studies teacher at Concord High School in New Hampshire in 1983 . In 1985 , she was selected from more than 11,000 applicants to participate in the NASA Teacher in Space Project and was scheduled to become the first teacher in space . As a member of mission STS - 51 - L , she was planning to conduct experiments and teach two lessons from Space Shuttle Challenger . On January 28 , 1986 , the shuttle broke apart 73 seconds after launch . After her death , schools and scholarships were named in her honor , and in 2004 she was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor . Contents 1 Early life 2 Teacher in Space Project 3 Disaster and aftermath 4 Legacy 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Early life ( edit ) Sharon Christa Corrigan was born on September 2 , 1948 , in Boston , Massachusetts . She was the eldest of the five children of accountant Edward Christopher Corrigan ( 1922 -- 1990 ) of Irish descent and Grace Mary Corrigan ( née George ) , a substitute teacher , whose father was of Lebanese Maronite descent . McAuliffe was a great niece of Lebanese - American historian Philip Khuri Hitti . She was known by her middle name from an early age , although in later years she signed her name `` S. Christa Corrigan '' , and eventually `` S. Christa McAuliffe '' . The year she was born , her father was completing his sophomore year at Boston College . Not long thereafter , he took a job as an assistant comptroller in a Boston department | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Christa_McAuliffe&oldid=854553263 | 598,818,009,080,422,800 | <P> Sharon Christa McAuliffe ( born Sharon Christa Corrigan ; September 2 , 1948 -- January 28 , 1986 ) was an American teacher from Concord , New Hampshire and one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster . </P> | Sharon Christa McAuliffe | 598818009080422755_1 | true | Sharon Christa McAuliffe (born Sharon Christa Corrigan; September 2, 1948 – January 28, 1986) was an American teacher from Concord, New Hampshire and one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. She received her bachelor's degree in education and history from Framingham State College in 1970 and also a master's degree in education, supervision and administration from Bowie State University in 1978. She took a teaching position as a social studies teacher at Concord High School in New Hampshire in 1983. In 1985, she was selected from more than 11,000 applicants to participate in the NASA Teacher in Space Project and was scheduled to become the first teacher in space. As a member of mission STS-51-L, she was planning to conduct experiments and teach two lessons from Space Shuttle Challenger. On January 28, 1986, the shuttle broke apart 73 seconds after launch. After her death, schools and scholarships were named in her honor, and in 2004 she was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor. |
College . Not long thereafter , he took a job as an assistant comptroller in a Boston department store , and they moved to Framingham , Massachusetts , where she attended and graduated from Marian High School in 1966 . As a youth , she was inspired by Project Mercury and the Apollo moon landing program . The day after John Glenn orbited the Earth in Friendship 7 , she told a friend at Marian High , `` Do you realize that someday people will be going to the Moon ? Maybe even taking a bus , and I want to do that ! '' She wrote years later on her NASA application form : `` I watched the Space Age being born , and I would like to participate . '' In 1970 , she married her longtime boyfriend whom she had known since high school , Steven J. McAuliffe , a 1970 graduate of the Virginia Military Institute , and they moved closer to Washington , D.C. , so that he could attend the Georgetown University Law Center . They had two children , Scott and Caroline , who were nine and six , respectively , when she died . McAuliffe was a teacher at Concord High School in New Hampshire . She obtained her first teaching position in 1970 , as an American history teacher at Benjamin Foulois Junior High School in Morningside , Maryland . From 1971 to 1978 , she taught history and civics at Thomas Johnson Middle School in Lanham , Maryland . In addition to teaching , she completed a Master of Arts in education supervision and administration from Bowie State University in Maryland . In 1978 , she moved to Concord , New Hampshire , when Steven accepted a job as an assistant to the New Hampshire Attorney General . McAuliffe taught 7th and 8th grade American history and English in Concord , New Hampshire , and 9th grade English in Bow , New Hampshire , before taking a teaching post at Concord High School in 1983 . She was a social studies teacher , and taught several courses including American history , law , and economics , in addition to a self - designed course : `` The American Woman '' . Taking field trips and bringing in speakers were an important part of her teaching techniques . According to The New York Times , she `` emphasized the impact of ordinary people on history , saying they were as important to the historical record as kings , politicians or generals . '' Teacher in Space Project ( edit ) In 1984 , President Ronald Reagan announced the Teacher in Space Project , and McAuliffe learned about NASA 's efforts to find their first civilian , an educator , to fly into space . NASA wanted to find an `` ordinary person , '' a gifted teacher who could communicate with students while in orbit . McAuliffe became one of more than 11,000 applicants . McAuliffe undergoing pre-flight training experiences weightlessness during a KC - 135 `` vomit comet '' flight `` I can not join the space program and restart my life as an astronaut , but this opportunity to connect my abilities as an educator with my interests in history | [
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, but this opportunity to connect my abilities as an educator with my interests in history and space is a unique opportunity to fulfill my early fantasies . '' -- Christa McAuliffe , 1985 NASA hoped that sending a teacher into space would increase public interest in the Space Shuttle program , and also demonstrate the reliability of space flight at a time when the agency was under continuous pressure to find financial support . President Reagan said it would also remind Americans of the important role that teachers and education serve in their country . The Council of Chief State School Officers , a non-profit organization of public officials in education , was chosen by NASA to coordinate the selection process . Out of the initial applicant pool , 114 semi-finalists were nominated by state , territorial , and agency review panels . McAuliffe was one of two teachers nominated by the state of New Hampshire . The semi-finalists gathered in Washington , DC , from June 22 -- 27 , 1985 , for a conference on space education and to meet with the Review Panel that would select the 10 finalists . On July 1 , 1985 , she was announced as one of the 10 finalists , and on July 7 she traveled to Johnson Space Center for a week of thorough medical examinations and briefings about space flight . The finalists were interviewed by an evaluation committee composed of senior NASA officials , and the committee made recommendations to NASA Administrator James M. Beggs for the primary and backup candidates for the Teacher in Space Project . On July 19 , 1985 , Vice President George H.W. Bush announced that she had been selected for the position . Another teacher , Barbara Morgan , served as her backup . According to Mark Travis of the Concord Monitor , it was her manner that set her apart from the other candidates . NASA official Alan Ladwig said `` she had an infectious enthusiasm '' , and NASA psychiatrist Terrence McGuire told New Woman magazine that `` she was the most broad - based , best - balanced person of the 10 . '' Later that year , she and Morgan each took a year - long leave of absence from teaching in order to train for a space shuttle mission in early 1986 . ( NASA paid both their salaries . ) While not a member of the NASA Astronaut Corps , McAuliffe was to be part of the STS - 51 - L crew , and would conduct experiments and teach lessons from space . Her planned duties included basic science experiments in the fields of chromatography , hydroponics , magnetism , and Newton 's laws . She was also planning to conduct two 15 - minute classes from space , including a tour of the spacecraft , called `` The Ultimate Field Trip '' , and a lesson about the benefits of space travel , called `` Where We 've Been , Where We 're Going , Why . '' The lessons were to be broadcast to millions of schoolchildren via closed - circuit TV . To record her thoughts , McAuliffe intended to keep a personal journal like a `` woman on | [
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TV . To record her thoughts , McAuliffe intended to keep a personal journal like a `` woman on the Conestoga wagons pioneering the West . '' After being chosen to be the first teacher in space , she was a guest on several television programs , including Good Morning America ; the CBS Morning News ; the Today Show ; and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , where , when asked about the mission , she stated , `` If you 're offered a seat on a rocket ship , do n't ask what seat . Just get on . '' She had an immediate rapport with the media , and the Teacher in Space Project received popular attention as a result . Disaster and aftermath ( edit ) Main article : Space Shuttle Challenger disaster McAuliffe and Barbara Morgan On January 28 , 1986 , McAuliffe boarded Challenger with the other six crew members of STS - 51 - L. Just 73 seconds into its flight at an altitude of 48,000 feet , the shuttle broke apart , resulting in the deaths of all seven crew members . According to NASA , it was in part because of the excitement over her presence on the shuttle that the accident had such a significant effect on the nation . Many schoolchildren were viewing the launch live , and media coverage of the accident was extensive . The Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident -- also known as the Rogers Commission -- was formed to investigate the disaster . It determined that the accident was due to a failure of rubber O - rings made by Morton - Thiokol that provided a pressure seal in the aft field joint of the shuttle 's right Solid Rocket Booster . The failure of the O - rings was attributed to a design flaw , as their performance could be too easily compromised by factors that included the low temperature on the day of launch . The Commission found that O - ring resiliency is directly related to temperature and due to the low temperature at launch -- 36 degrees Fahrenheit or 15 degrees lower than the next coldest previous launch -- it was probable the O - rings had not provided a proper seal . Barbara Morgan , her backup , became a professional astronaut in January 1998 , and flew on Space Shuttle mission STS - 118 , to the International Space Station , on August 8 , 2007 , aboard Endeavour , the orbiter that replaced Challenger . Legacy ( edit ) The McAuliffe Exhibit in the Henry Whittemore Library at Framingham State University McAuliffe was buried at Blossom Hill Cemetery in her hometown , Concord . She has since been honored at many events , including the Daytona 500 NASCAR race in 1986 . The McAuliffe - Shepard Discovery Center in Concord and the Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Center for Education and Teaching Excellence at Framingham State University are named in her memory , as are the asteroid 3352 McAuliffe , the crater McAuliffe on the Moon , and a crater on the planet Venus , which was named McAuliffe by the Soviet Union . Approximately 40 schools around the | [
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planet Venus , which was named McAuliffe by the Soviet Union . Approximately 40 schools around the world have been named after her , including the Christa McAuliffe Space Education Center in Pleasant Grove , Utah . The McAuliffe - Shepard Discovery Center in Concord , New Hampshire Scholarships and other events have also been established in her memory . The Christa McAuliffe Technology Conference has been held in Nashua , New Hampshire , every year since 1986 , and is devoted to the use of technology in all aspects of education . The Nebraska McAuliffe Prize honors a Nebraska teacher each year for courage and excellence in education . Grants in her name , honoring innovative teachers , are provided by the American Association of State Colleges and Universities and the National Council for the Social Studies . In 1990 , she was portrayed by Karen Allen in the TV movie Challenger . The spaceship on the 1996 -- 1997 children 's science - fiction series Space Cases , about a group of students lost in space , was called `` Christa '' . In 2006 , a documentary film about her and Morgan called Christa McAuliffe : Reach for the Stars aired on CNN in the CNN Presents format . The film , produced by Renee Sotile and Mary Jo Godges , commemorated the 20th anniversary of her death . It was narrated by Susan Sarandon , and included an original song by Carly Simon . McAuliffe 's grave in Concord , New Hampshire Her parents worked with Framingham State College to establish the McAuliffe Center . Her husband Steven J. McAuliffe remarried and in 1992 became a federal judge , serving with the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire in Concord . Her son , Scott , completed graduate studies in marine biology , and her daughter , Caroline , went on to pursue the same career as her mother : teaching . On July 23 , 2004 , she and all the other 13 astronauts lost in both the Challenger and Columbia disasters were posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor by President George W. Bush . On January 28 , 2016 , Space Shuttle Challenger was honored once again , but in a uniquely memorable way . Dozens of teachers who competed alongside the fallen Christa McAuliffe traveled to Cape Canaveral , Florida to remember those lost on that day 30 years ago . Christa McAuliffe 's son Scott and her widower , Steven , also participated in the ceremony . After remarking on the fact that 30 years had indeed passed , Steven said `` Challenger will always be an event that occurred just recently . Our thoughts and memories of Christa will always be fresh and comforting . '' In 2017 , McAuliffe was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum . Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Astronaut Biographies : Space Flight Participant '' . NASA / Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . December 5 , 2008 . Retrieved January 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Hohler , | [
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Space Center . December 5 , 2008 . Retrieved January 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Hohler , Robert T. ( 1986 ) . `` I Touch the Future ... '' The Story of Christa McAuliffe . New York , NY : Random House . ISBN 0 - 394 - 55721 - 2 . Jump up ^ `` Teachers in Space : A Chronology '' . Education Week . January 28 , 1998 . pp. Vol. 17 , Issue 20 , p. 12 . Retrieved January 9 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Corrigan 2000 , p. 21 ^ Jump up to : `` The Crew of the Challenger Shuttle Mission in 1986 '' . NASA . October 22 , 2004 . Retrieved January 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Edward C. Corrigan , Astronaut 's Father , 67 '' . The New York Times . January 28 , 1990 . Retrieved January 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Corrigan 2000 , p. 156 Jump up ^ `` 20 Years Later ... Remembering Lebanese American Astronaut Christa McAuliffe '' ( PDF ) . Lebanese Monthly Magazine . February 2006 . p. 18 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 . Retrieved January 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Burgess & Corrigan 2000 , pp. 6 -- 7 ^ Jump up to : Corrigan 2000 , p. 40 Jump up ^ Burgess & Corrigan 2000 , p. 10 Jump up ^ Burgess & Corrigan 2000 , pp. 9 -- 10 Jump up ^ Corrigan 2000 , p. 123 ^ Jump up to : Staff writer ( January 28 , 1986 ) . `` McAuliffe : Teacher on ' Ultimate Field Trip ' '' . The Washington Post . p . A10 . Retrieved January 13 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Christa McAuliffe 1948 -- 1986 '' . Framingham State College - Henry Whittemore Library . Archived from the original on May 28 , 2010 . Retrieved January 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Application for NASA Teacher in Space Program : Sharon Christa McAuliffe can be found in the Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Special Collections at Whittemore Library at Framingham State University `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on October 29 , 2013 . Retrieved October 24 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Burgess & Corrigan 2000 , pp. 15 -- 16 Jump up ^ `` The Shuttle Explosion , The Seven Who Perished in The Explosion of The Challenger '' . The New York Times . January 29 , 1986 . Retrieved January 13 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Challenger Story : Teacher in Space '' . Challenger Center for Space Science Education . Archived from the original on January 25 , 2009 . Retrieved January 13 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Ware , Susan ; Stacy Lorraine Braukman , eds. ( 2004 ) . Notable American Women . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press . p. 425 . ISBN 0 - 674 - 01488 - X . Jump up ^ `` On anniversary , some reflect on lessons learned '' . MSNBC . Associated Press . January 28 , 2006 . Retrieved March 19 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Vaughan , Diane ( 1996 ) . The Challenger launch decision : risky technology , culture , and deviance at NASA . Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press . p. 16 . ISBN 0 - 226 - 85176 - 1 . Jump up ^ `` Chapter VIII : Pressures on the System '' | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Christa_McAuliffe&oldid=854553263 | 598,818,009,080,422,800 | <P> Sharon Christa McAuliffe ( born Sharon Christa Corrigan ; September 2 , 1948 -- January 28 , 1986 ) was an American teacher from Concord , New Hampshire and one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster . </P> | Sharon Christa McAuliffe | 598818009080422755_6 | true | Sharon Christa McAuliffe was the teacher who died on the Challenger. She was a participant in the NASA Teacher in Space Program and was selected to be the first teacher in space. Unfortunately, McAuliffe and the rest of the crew perished in the explosion of the Challenger space shuttle on January 28, 1986. This tragic event had a significant impact on the space program and led to a reevaluation of the risks associated with space travel. McAuliffe's legacy continues to be remembered, and her application for the NASA Teacher in Space Program can be found in the Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Special Collections at Whittemore Library at Framingham State University. |
16 . ISBN 0 - 226 - 85176 - 1 . Jump up ^ `` Chapter VIII : Pressures on the System '' . Report of the PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident . NASA . June 6 , 1986 . Retrieved March 19 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Remarks at a Ceremony Honoring the 1983 -- 1984 Winners in the Secondary School Recognition Program '' . The American Presidency Project . August 27 , 1984 . Retrieved March 19 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` SPACE SHUTTLE MISSION STS - 51L Press Kit '' ( PDF ) . NASA . January 1986 . pp. 22 -- 25 . Retrieved March 16 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Travis , Mark ( January 26 , 2006 ) . `` An inspired choice for an extraordinary role '' . Concord Monitor . Archived from the original on March 3 , 2016 . Retrieved March 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Remarks of the Vice President Announcing the Winner of the Teacher in Space Project '' . The American Presidency Project . July 19 , 1985 . Retrieved March 16 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Barbara Radding Morgan - NASA Astronaut biography '' . NASA . 2007 . Retrieved January 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Christa 's Lost Lessons '' . Space Educators ' Handbook -- OMB / NASA Report # S677 / Challenger Center for Space Science Education . Retrieved February 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Magnuson , Ed ( June 24 , 2001 ) . `` They Slipped the Surly Bonds of Earth to Touch '' . Time . Retrieved January 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Teacher embraced historic chance '' . Telegraph Herald . United Press International . January 28 , 1986 . p. 13 . Jump up ^ Belman , Felice ; Mike Pride ( 2001 ) . The New Hampshire Century : Concord Monitor Profiles of One Hundred People Who Shaped It . Hanover , NH : University Press of New England . p. 4 . ISBN 1 - 58465 - 087 - 7 . Jump up ^ Kerwin , Joseph P. ( 1986 ) . `` Challenger crew cause and time of death '' . NASA . Archived from the original on January 3 , 2013 . Retrieved March 1 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Wright , John C. ; Dale Kunkel ; Marites Pinon ; Aletha C. Huston ( Spring 1989 ) . `` How Children Reacted to Televised Coverage of the Space Shuttle Disaster '' . Journal of Communication . 39 ( 2 ) : 27 . doi : 10.1111 / j. 1460 - 2466.1989. tb01027. x . ^ Jump up to : `` Chapter IV : The Cause of the Accident '' . Report of the PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident . NASA . June 6 , 1986 . Retrieved May 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` NASA Orbiter Fleet - Space Shuttle Overview : Endeavour ( OV - 105 ) '' . NASA / Kennedy Space Center . Retrieved March 7 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Hohler , Bob ( January 21 , 1996 ) . `` McAuliffe 's legacy ' keeps us reaching for the stars ' '' . Boston Globe . Jump up ^ `` Elliott has competition in Daytona 500 '' . Philadelphia Daily News . February 15 , 1986 . p. 35 , Sports . Jump up ^ Tirrell - Wysocki , David ( March 31 , 2009 ) . `` McAuliffe | [
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p. 35 , Sports . Jump up ^ Tirrell - Wysocki , David ( March 31 , 2009 ) . `` McAuliffe - Shepard Discovery Center honors New Hampshire astronauts '' . The Dallas Morning News . Associated Press . Retrieved May 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Centers & Institutes '' . Framingham State College . Archived from the original on September 20 , 2010 . Retrieved September 28 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` NASA to put probe to the test : New technologies to be tried in flight '' . The Washington Times . September 14 , 1997 . Jump up ^ Burgess & Corrigan 2000 , p. 103 Jump up ^ McAuliffe crater , Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature Jump up ^ `` The Magellan Venus Explorer 's Guide : Chapter 8 What 's in a Name ? '' . NASA JPL Publication 90 - 24 . August 1990 . Retrieved January 9 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Then & Now : Grace Corrigan '' . CNN . August 15 , 2005 . Retrieved January 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Kapos , Katherine ( December 2 , 1990 ) . `` School Launches Jaunts to Outer Space '' . The Salt Lake Tribune . p . B3 . Jump up ^ `` 22nd Annual Christa McAuliffe Technology Conference '' . New Hampshire School Administrators Association . 2008 . Archived from the original on July 27 , 2011 . Retrieved January 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Do You Know a Courageous Teacher ? '' . University of Nebraska - Lincoln : College of Education and Human Sciences . 2008 . Archived from the original on July 20 , 2008 . Retrieved January 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Christa McAuliffe Award '' . American Association of State Colleges and Universities . Retrieved January 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Christa McAuliffe Reach for the Stars Award '' . National Council for the Social Studies . Retrieved January 13 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Saunders , Dusty ( February 25 , 1990 ) . `` ' CHALLENGER ' Playing McAuliffe Provided Karen Allen with the Greatest Challenge of her Career '' . Rocky Mountain News . Jump up ^ Grahnke , Lon ( February 29 , 1996 ) . `` 2 New Series Fire Up Sci - Fi Shows Aim a Light Touch at Kids '' . Chicago Sun - Times . p. 37 . Jump up ^ `` CNN Presents : CHRISTA MCAULIFFE REACH FOR THE STARS '' . CNN . Archived from the original on September 19 , 2010 . Retrieved September 28 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Christa McAuliffe : Reach for the Stars '' . Christa McAuliffe : Reach for the Stars Official Website . Retrieved September 28 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Their families today '' . Houston Chronicle. 1996 . Retrieved January 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Congressional Space Medal of Honor '' . NASA History Division . Retrieved January 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ https://apnews.com/dd026bb4c6f5414282f2eea4a71057e4/30-years-challenger-new-voice-astronauts-memorial Jump up ^ Sprekelmeyer , Linda , editor . These We Honor : The International Aerospace Hall of Fame . Donning Co . Publishers , 2006 . | [
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. These We Honor : The International Aerospace Hall of Fame . Donning Co . Publishers , 2006 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 57864 - 397 - 4 . References ( edit ) Burgess , Colin ; Corrigan , Grace George ( 2000 ) . Teacher in space : Christa McAuliffe and the Challenger legacy . Lincoln , NE : University of Nebraska Press . ISBN 0 - 8032 - 6182 - 9 ... Corrigan , Grace George ( 2000 ) . A Journal for Christa : Christa McAuliffe , Teacher in Space . Lincoln , NE : University of Nebraska Press . ISBN 0 - 8032 - 6411 - 9 ... Hohler , Robert T. ( 1986 ) . `` I Touch the Future ... '' The Story of Christa McAuliffe . New York , NY : Random House . ISBN 0 - 394 - 55721 - 2 ... Further reading ( edit ) Washington Post Staff ( 1986 ) . Challengers : The Inspiring Life Stories of the Seven Brave Astronauts of Shuttle Mission 51 - L. New York : Pocket Books . ISBN 0 - 671 - 62897 - 6 ... External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Christa McAuliffe . Wikiquote has quotations related to : Christa McAuliffe Official NASA biography Christa 's Lost Lessons The Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Collection at the Henry Whittemore Library in Framingham State College Christa McAuliffe on IMDb Works by or about Christa McAuliffe in libraries ( WorldCat catalog ) Christa McAuliffe Planetarium Christa McAuliffe at Find a Grave Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Center for Education and Teaching Excellence STS - 51 - L Space Shuttle Challenger disaster Main articles Space Shuttle Challenger STS - 51 - L Mission timeline Crew Scobee ( Cmdr ) Smith Resnik Onizuka McNair Jarvis McAuliffe See also Rogers Commission Report Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster TDRS - B Challenger flag Recipients of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor Michael P. Anderson Neil Armstrong Frank Borman David M. Brown Roger B. Chaffee Kalpana Chawla Laurel Clark Charles `` Pete '' Conrad Robert Crippen John Glenn Virgil `` Gus '' Grissom Rick Husband Gregory Jarvis Jim Lovell Shannon Lucid | [
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Rick Husband Gregory Jarvis Jim Lovell Shannon Lucid Christa McAuliffe William C. McCool Ronald McNair Ellison Onizuka Ilan Ramon Judith Resnik Dick Scobee Alan Shepard William Shepherd Michael J. Smith Thomas P. Stafford Ed White John Young Italics indicate the award was bestowed posthumously GND : 119208598 ISNI : 0000 0000 3629 1621 LCCN : n85305609 NARA : 10569739 SNAC : w6jr740p VIAF : 57419728 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christa_McAuliffe&oldid=854553263 '' Categories : Recipients of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor 1948 births 1986 deaths American astronauts Women astronauts Educator astronauts People from Framingham , Massachusetts People from Concord , New Hampshire American people of Lebanese descent Framingham State University alumni Bowie State University alumni American schoolteachers Accidental deaths in Florida Space Shuttle Challenger disaster People from Lanham , Maryland American people of Irish descent NASA civilian astronauts Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from December 2016 Find a Grave template with ID same as Wikidata Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Use American English from January 2014 All Wikipedia articles written in American English Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Asturianu Беларуская Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Christa_McAuliffe&oldid=854553263 | 598,818,009,080,422,800 | <P> Sharon Christa McAuliffe ( born Sharon Christa Corrigan ; September 2 , 1948 -- January 28 , 1986 ) was an American teacher from Concord , New Hampshire and one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster . </P> | Sharon Christa McAuliffe | 598818009080422755_10 | false | Sharon Christa McAuliffe was an American astronaut and educator who tragically died in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986. She was born in 1948 in Framingham, Massachusetts and later moved to Concord, New Hampshire. McAuliffe was of Lebanese and Irish descent and attended Framingham State University and Bowie State University. Before becoming an astronaut, she worked as a schoolteacher in Maryland.
McAuliffe was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor for her bravery and sacrifice. She is remembered as the teacher who lost her life in the Challenger disaster, and her legacy lives on as a symbol of the risks and sacrifices associated with space exploration. |
Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 हिन्दी Italiano עברית Latviešu Magyar Malagasy Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe 24 more Edit links This page was last edited on 12 August 2018 , at 05 : 33 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Christa_McAuliffe&oldid=854553263 | 598,818,009,080,422,800 | <P> Sharon Christa McAuliffe ( born Sharon Christa Corrigan ; September 2 , 1948 -- January 28 , 1986 ) was an American teacher from Concord , New Hampshire and one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster . </P> | Sharon Christa McAuliffe | 598818009080422755_11 | false | The document provided is a split of a Wikipedia article and does not contain the answer to the question. Therefore, I will rewrite the document to make it easier for the reader to understand the topic.
<<Document>>
The Wikipedia page is available in multiple languages and was last edited on 12 August 2018. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
<<Question>>
Who was the teacher who died on the Challenger?
<<Answer>>
Sharon Christa McAuliffe |
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation - wikipedia Organisation of Islamic Cooperation `` OIC '' redirects here . For other uses , see OIC ( disambiguation ) . Organisation of Islamic Cooperation منظمة التعاون الإسلامي ( Arabic ) Organisation de la coopération islamique ( French ) Flag Coat of arms Motto : `` To safeguard the interests and ensure the progress and well - being of Muslims '' Member states Observer states Suspended states Administrative centre ( Headquarters ) Jeddah , Saudi Arabia Official languages Arabic English French Type Religious Membership 57 member states Leaders Secretary - General Yousef Al - Othaimeen Establishment Charter signed 25 September 1969 Population 2011 estimate 1.6 billion GDP ( PPP ) estimate Total 18.6 trillion Per capita $15,966 Website www.oic-oci.org Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Economy GDP ( PPP ) GDP ( PPP ) per capita Exports Imports Education Member states By population Largest cities Parliamentary Union The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ; Arabic : منظمة التعاون الإسلامي ; French : Organisation de la coopération islamique ) is an international organization founded in 1969 , consisting of 57 member states , with a collective population of over 1.3 billion as of 2009 with 47 countries being Muslim Majority countries . OIC is 2nd largest inter-governmental organization after UN . The organisation states that it is `` the collective voice of the Muslim world '' and works to `` safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony '' . The OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union . The official languages of the OIC are Arabic , English , and French . Contents 1 History 1.1 Al - Aqsa fire 1.2 Islamic Conference | [
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The current Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation is Dr. Yousef A. Al-Othaimeen. |
Contents 1 History 1.1 Al - Aqsa fire 1.2 Islamic Conference 1.3 Goals 1.4 Refugees 1.5 New name and emblem 2 Member states 2.1 Africa 2.2 Asia 2.3 Europe 2.4 South America 3 Positions 3.1 Israeli -- Palestinian conflict 3.2 Cartoons of Muhammad 3.3 Human rights 3.3. 1 LGBT rights 3.4 Science and technology 3.4. 1 Astana Declaration 3.5 Non-state terrorism 3.6 Dispute with Thailand 3.7 Dispute with India 4 Notable meetings 4.1 Ninth meeting of PUOICM 4.2 IPHRC Trip to Washington DC 4.3 Observer Status dispute 5 Structure and organisation 5.1 Islamic Summit 5.2 Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers 5.3 Secretary General 5.4 Permanent Secretariat 5.5 Subsidiary organisations 5.6 Specialised institutions 5.7 Affiliated institutions 6 Secretaries - General 7 Islamic Summits 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links History ( edit ) Islamic Summit Minar in Lahore , Pakistan . Al - Aqsa fire ( edit ) On 21 August 1969 a fire was started in the Al - Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem . Amin al - Husseini , the former Mufti of Jerusalem , called the arson a `` Jewish crime '' and called for all Muslim heads of state to convene a summit . ( The fire , which `` destroyed part of the old wooden roof and a 800 - year - old pulpit '' was blamed on the mental illness of the perpetrator -- Australian Christian fundamentalist Denis Michael Rohan -- by Israel , and on Zionists and Zionism in general by the Islamic conference . ) Islamic Conference ( edit ) On 25 September 1969 , an Islamic Conference , a summit of representatives of 24 Muslim majority countries ( most of the representatives being heads of state ) , was held in Rabat , Morocco . A resolution was passed stating that `` Muslim government would consult with a view to promoting among themselves close cooperation and mutual assistance in the economic , scientific , cultural and spiritual fields , inspired by the immortal teachings of Islam . '' Six months later in March 1970 , the First Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers was held in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . In 1972 , the Organisation of the Islamic Conference ( OIC , now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ) was founded . While the al - Aqsa fire is regarded as one of the catalysts for the formation of the OIC , many Muslims have aspired to a pan-Islamic institution that would serve the common political , economic , and social interests of the | [
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institution that would serve the common political , economic , and social interests of the ummah ( Muslim community ) since the 19th century . In particular , the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the Caliphate after World War I left a vacuum . Goals ( edit ) According to its charter , the OIC aims to preserve Islamic social and economic values ; promote solidarity amongst member states ; increase cooperation in social , economic , cultural , scientific , and political areas ; uphold international peace and security ; and advance education , particularly in the fields of science and technology . The emblem of the OIC contains three main elements that reflect its vision and mission as incorporated in its new Charter . These elements are : the Kaaba , the Globe , and the Crescent . On 5 August 1990 , 45 foreign ministers of the OIC adopted the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam to serve as a guidance for the member states in the matters of human rights in as much as they are compatible with the Sharia , or Quranic Law . In June 2008 , the OIC conducted a formal revision of its charter . The revised charter set out to promote human rights , fundamental freedoms , and good governance in all member states . The revisions also removed any mention of the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam . Within the revised charter , the OIC has chosen to support the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international law . Refugees ( edit ) According to the UNHCR , OIC countries hosted 18 million refugees by the end of 2010 . Since then OIC members have absorbed refugees from other conflicts , including the uprising in Syria . In May 2012 , the OIC addressed these concerns at the `` Refugees in the Muslim World '' conference in Ashgabat , Turkmenistan . New name and emblem ( edit ) On 28 June 2011 during the 38th Council of Foreign Ministers meeting ( CFM ) in Astana , Kazakhstan , the organisation changed its name from Organisation of the Islamic Conference ( Arabic : منظمة المؤتمر الإسلامي ; French : Organisation de la Conférence Islamique ) to its current name . The OIC also changed its logo at this time . Member states ( edit ) Main article : Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation A clickable Euler diagram showing the relationships between various multinational organisations within the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( note that Syria is currently suspended from all organizations included in this diagram due to human rights abuses in the ongoing Syrian Civil War ). v d e The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation has 57 members , 56 of which are also member states of the United Nations , the exception being Palestine . Some members , especially in West Africa and South America , are -- though with large Muslim populations -- not necessarily Muslim majority countries . A few countries with significant Muslim | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation&oldid=854726486 | -7,121,175,141,318,224,000 | <P> The Permanent Secretariat is the executive organ of the Organisation , entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies , and is located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen . He received his office on , Tuesday , 29 November 2016 </P> | Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen | -7121175141318224011_3 | false | The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is an institution that was established to serve the common political, economic, and social interests of the Muslim community. Since its establishment in the 19th century, the OIC has aimed to preserve Islamic social and economic values, promote solidarity amongst member states, increase cooperation in various areas, uphold international peace and security, and advance education, particularly in the fields of science and technology.
The OIC's emblem contains three main elements that reflect its vision and mission: the Kaaba, the Globe, and the Crescent. In 1990, the OIC adopted the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam to serve as a guidance for member states in matters of human rights. However, in 2008, the OIC conducted a formal revision of its charter to promote human rights, fundamental freedoms, and good governance in all member states. The revised charter also removed any mention of the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam and expressed support for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international law.
The OIC member states have hosted millions of refugees and have addressed refugee concerns at various conferences. In 2011, the organization changed its name from the Organization of the Islamic Conference to its current name and also changed its logo. The OIC has 57 members, 56 of which are also member states of the United Nations, with Palestine being the exception. The Secretary General of the OIC is Dr. Yousef A. Al-Othaimeen. |
populations -- not necessarily Muslim majority countries . A few countries with significant Muslim populations , such as Russia and Thailand , sit as Observer States , while others , such as India and Ethiopia , are not members . The collective population of OIC member states is over 1.6 billion as of 2008 . Africa ( edit ) Algeria Benin Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea - Bissau Ivory Coast Libya Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Togo Tunisia Uganda Asia ( edit ) Afghanistan Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Brunei Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria ( Suspended ) Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Yemen Europe ( edit ) Albania South America ( edit ) Guyana Suriname Positions ( edit ) The Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States ( PUOICM ) was established in Iran in 1999 , and its head office is situated in Tehran . Only OIC members are entitled to membership in the union . On 27 June 2007 , then - United States President George W. Bush announced that the United States would establish an envoy to the OIC . Bush said of the envoy , `` Our special envoy will listen to and learn from representatives from Muslim states , and will share with them America 's views and values . '' As of June 2015 , Arsalan Suleman is acting special envoy . He was appointed on 13 February 2015 . In an investigation of the accuracy of a series of chain emails , Snopes.com reported that during the October 2003 -- April 2004 session of the General Assembly , 17 individual members of the OIC voted against the United States 88 % of the time . The OIC , on 28 March 2008 , joined the criticism of the film Fitna by Dutch lawmaker Geert Wilders , which features disturbing images of violent acts juxtaposed with alleged verses from the Quran . In March 2015 , the OIC announced its support for the Saudi Arabian - led intervention in Yemen against the Shia Houthis . Israeli -- Palestinian conflict ( edit ) The OIC supports a two - state solution to the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict . | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation&oldid=854726486 | -7,121,175,141,318,224,000 | <P> The Permanent Secretariat is the executive organ of the Organisation , entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies , and is located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen . He received his office on , Tuesday , 29 November 2016 </P> | Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen | -7121175141318224011_4 | false | The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is an international organization founded in 1969, consisting of 57 member states. The collective population of OIC member states is over 1.6 billion as of 2008. The OIC supports a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and has taken various positions on international issues, such as joining the criticism of the film Fitna by Dutch lawmaker Geert Wilders and announcing its support for the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen against the Shia Houthis.
The Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States (PUOICM) was established in Iran in 1999, and its head office is situated in Tehran. Only OIC members are entitled to membership in the union. On 27 June 2007, then-United States President George W. Bush announced that the United States would establish an envoy to the OIC. As of June 2015, Arsalan Suleman is acting special envoy. He was appointed on 13 February 2015.
The OIC has members from various regions, including Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America. Some countries with significant Muslim populations, such as Russia and Thailand, sit as Observer States, while others, such as India and Ethiopia, are not members.
The current Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is Dr. Yousef A. Al-Othaimeen. |
The OIC supports a two - state solution to the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict . The OIC has called for a boycott of Israeli products in effort to pressure Israel into ending the occupation of the Palestinian territories . There was a meeting in Conakry in 2013 . Secretary - General Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu said that foreign ministers would discuss the possibility of cutting ties with any state that recognised Jerusalem as the capital of Israel or that moves its embassy to its environs . In December 2017 , the extraordinary meeting held to response Donald Trump 's decision on recognizing Jerusalem , resulting `` Istanbul Declaration on Freedom for Al Quds . '' Cartoons of Muhammad ( edit ) Main article : Jyllands - Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy Cartoons of Muhammad , published in a Danish newspaper in September 2005 , were found offensive by a number of Muslims . Third Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference in December 2005 condemned publication of the cartoons , resulting in broader coverage of the issue by news media in Muslim countries . Subsequently , violent demonstrations throughout the Islamic world resulted in several deaths . Human Rights ( edit ) OIC created the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam . While proponents claim it is not an alternative to the UDHR , but rather complementary to it , Article 24 states that `` all the rights and freedoms stipulated in this Declaration are subject to the Islamic Shari'ah '' and Article 25 follows with `` the Islamic Shari'ah is the only source of reference for the explanation or clarification of any of the articles of this Declaration . '' Attempts to have it adopted by the United Nations Human Rights Council have met increasing criticism , because of its contradiction of the UDHR , including from liberal Muslim groups . Critics of the CDHR state bluntly that it is `` manipulation and hypocrisy , '' `` designed to dilute , if not altogether eliminate , civil and political rights protected by international law '' and attempts to `` circumvent these principles ( of freedom and equality ) . '' Human Rights Watch says that OIC has `` fought doggedly '' and successfully within the United Nations Human Rights Council to shield states from criticism , except when it comes to criticism of Israel . For example , when independent experts reported violations of human rights in the 2006 Lebanon War , `` state after state from the OIC took the floor to denounce the experts for daring to look beyond Israeli violations to discuss Hezbollah 's as well . '' OIC demands that the council `` should work cooperatively with abusive governments rather than condemn them . '' HRW responds that this works with those who are willing to cooperate ; others exploit the passivity . The OIC has been criticised for failing to discuss the treatment of ethnic minorities within member countries , such as the | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation&oldid=854726486 | -7,121,175,141,318,224,000 | <P> The Permanent Secretariat is the executive organ of the Organisation , entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies , and is located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen . He received his office on , Tuesday , 29 November 2016 </P> | Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen | -7121175141318224011_5 | false | The Secretary-General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is Dr. Yousef A. Al-Othaimeen. The OIC has been involved in various efforts to address the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, including supporting a two-state solution and calling for a boycott of Israeli products to pressure Israel into ending the occupation of Palestinian territories. The organization has also taken a stance on the issue of Jerusalem, condemning any state that recognizes it as the capital of Israel or moves its embassy there. Additionally, the OIC has been involved in addressing human rights issues, including the creation of the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam. However, the organization has faced criticism for its handling of certain human rights issues and its failure to address the treatment of ethnic minorities within member countries. |
for failing to discuss the treatment of ethnic minorities within member countries , such as the oppression of the Kurds in Syria and Turkey , the Ahwaz in Iran , the Hazaras in Afghanistan , the ' Al - Akhdam ' in Yemen , or the Berbers in Algeria . Along with the revisions of the OIC 's charter in 2008 , the member states created the Independent Permanent Human Rights Commission ( IPHRC ) . The IPHRC is an advisory body , independent from the OIC , composed of eighteen individuals from a variety of educational and professional backgrounds . The IPHRC has the power to monitor human rights within the member states and facilitates the integration of human rights into all OIC mandates . The IPHRC also aids in the promotion of political , civil , and economic rights in all member states . In September 2017 , the Independent Human Rights Commission ( IPHRC ) of the OIC strongly condemned the human rights violations against the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar . LGBT Rights ( edit ) Main article : LGBT rights at the United Nations See also : LGBT in Islam In March 2012 , the United Nations Human Rights Council held its first discussion of discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity , following the 2011 passage of a resolution supporting LGBT rights proposed by the Republic of South Africa . Pakistan 's representative addressed the session on behalf of the OIC , denouncing the discussion and questioning the concept of sexual orientation , which he said was being used to promote `` licentious behaviour ... against the fundamental teachings of various religions , including Islam '' . He stated that the council should not discuss the topic again . Most Arab countries and some African ones later walked out of the session . Nonetheless , OIC members Albania , Gabon , Guinea - Bissau , and Sierra Leone have signed a UN Declaration supporting LGBT rights in the General Assembly . Whilst Bahrain , Indonesia , Iraq , Jordan and Turkey had legalized homosexuality . In May 2016 , 57 countries including Egypt , Iran , Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates from the Organization of Islamic Cooperation requested the removal of LGBT associations from 2016 High Level Meeting on Ending AIDS , sparking protests by the United States , Canada , the European Union and LGBT communities . Science and technology ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) held its first science and technology summit at the level of head of state and government in Astana , Republic of Kazakhstan , on 10 -- 11 September 2017 . Astana Summit was a historic milestone as it unified a collective position at the | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation&oldid=854726486 | -7,121,175,141,318,224,000 | <P> The Permanent Secretariat is the executive organ of the Organisation , entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies , and is located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen . He received his office on , Tuesday , 29 November 2016 </P> | Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen | -7121175141318224011_6 | false | The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen. He has been in this position since 2016 and has played a key role in the organization's activities and initiatives. The OIC has been working on various issues related to human rights, including the treatment of ethnic minorities within member countries. The Independent Permanent Human Rights Commission (IPHRC) was created to monitor human rights within the member states and facilitate the integration of human rights into all OIC mandates. In addition, the OIC has been involved in discussions related to LGBT rights at the United Nations, with some member countries expressing support for LGBT rights. The OIC also held its first science and technology summit at the level of head of state and government in 2017, which was a historic milestone for the organization. |
2017 . Astana Summit was a historic milestone as it unified a collective position at the highest levels of decision - making in OIC Member States with a view to advancing the different fields of science , technology and innovation , while emphasizing the Muslim world 's resolve to promote scientific and technical development . The Summit underscored the Member States ' support for scientific fields by demonstrating the Muslim world 's knowledge contributions away from the negative stereotypes that have become widespread recently . The Summit is also of significance considering that Muslims constitute a quarter of the world population and their countries possess abundant natural resources , although many Islamic countries still suffer poverty and diseases . It is therefore imperative to address these challenges using available resources , especially as this Summit is only the starting point for finding solutions to the countless problems facing the Muslim world using science and technology . Statistics have shown that OIC Member States are below the 2016 innovation index general rate standing at 36.9 , particularly in the areas of space , information technologies , pharmaceutical industries and electronics . Muslim countries , however , have a large youth population ; a situation that imposes more challenges but also offers greater opportunities . The Summit could contribute to combating extremism and terrorism by reducing unemployment rates and attracting the youth to work in scientific and technological fields . It is worth mentioning that Member States ' interest in the areas of science and technology started since the 10th Islamic Summit held in Malaysia in 2003 , the 3rd Extraordinary Islamic Summit in Makkah Al - Mukarramah which adopted the OIC 10 - Year Programme of Action , and the 13th Islamic Summit Conference held in Istanbul in 2016 , which launched the 2nd 10 - Year Programme of Action 2016 - 2025 . The 12th Islamic Summit held in Cairo in 2013 had mandated the OIC General Secretariat and the Standing Committee for Scientific and Technological Cooperation ( COMSTECH ) to organize the first Islamic summit on science and technology in the history of the OIC . All those summits emphasized the need to attach importance to the areas of science , technology and innovation for the development of socio - economic sectors in OIC countries . Astana Declaration ( edit ) The Astana Declaration is a policy guidance adopted by OIC members at the Astana Summit . The Astana Declaration commits members to increase investment in science and technology , education , eradicate extreme poverty , and implement UN Sustainable Development Goals . Non-state terrorism ( edit ) In 1999 , OIC adopted the OIC Convention on Combatting International Terrorism . Human Rights Watch has noted that the definition of terrorism in article 1 describes `` any act or threat of violence carried out with the aim of , | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation&oldid=854726486 | -7,121,175,141,318,224,000 | <P> The Permanent Secretariat is the executive organ of the Organisation , entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies , and is located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen . He received his office on , Tuesday , 29 November 2016 </P> | Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen | -7121175141318224011_7 | false | The Astana Summit of 2017 was a significant event for the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), as it brought together leaders from OIC Member States to focus on advancing science, technology, and innovation in the Muslim world. The Summit aimed to combat negative stereotypes and promote scientific and technical development, particularly in light of the fact that many Islamic countries still face poverty and disease. The Summit also highlighted the importance of addressing these challenges using available resources and emphasized the potential of the large youth population in Muslim countries. Additionally, the Summit aimed to combat extremism and terrorism by reducing unemployment rates and attracting youth to work in scientific and technological fields.
The Astana Declaration, which was adopted at the Summit, committed OIC members to increasing investment in science and technology, education, eradicating extreme poverty, and implementing UN Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, the OIC has a history of addressing terrorism, having adopted the OIC Convention on Combatting International Terrorism in 1999.
Overall, the Astana Summit and the Astana Declaration represent a significant step forward for the OIC in addressing the socio-economic challenges facing its member countries and promoting scientific and technological development. |
of terrorism in article 1 describes `` any act or threat of violence carried out with the aim of , among other things , imperiling people 's honour , occupying or seizing public or private property , or threatening the stability , territorial integrity , political unity or sovereignty of a state . '' HRW views this as vague , ill - defined and including much that is outside the generally accepted understandings of the concept of terrorism . In HRW 's view , it labels , or could easily be used to label , as terrorist actions , acts of peaceful expression , association , and assembly . Legal scholar Ben Saul of University of Sydney argues that the definition is subjective and ambiguous and concludes that there is `` serious danger of the abusive use of terrorist prosecutions against political opponents '' and others . Furthermore , HRW is concerned by OIC 's apparent unwillingness to recognise as terrorism acts that serve causes endorsed by their member states . Article 2 reads : `` Peoples ' struggle including armed struggle against foreign occupation , aggression , colonialism , and hegemony , aimed at liberation and self - determination . '' HRW has suggested to OIC that they embrace `` longstanding and universally recognised international human rights standards '' , a request that has as yet not led to any results . Contradictions between OIC 's and other UN members ' understanding of terrorism has stymied efforts at the UN to produce a comprehensive convention on international terrorism . During a meeting in Malaysia in April 2002 , delegates discussed terrorism but failed to reach a definition of it . They rejected , however , any description of the Palestinian fight with Israel as terrorism . Their declaration was explicit : `` We reject any attempt to link terrorism to the struggle of the Palestinian people in the exercise of their inalienable right to establish their independent state with Al - Quds Al - Shrif ( Jerusalem ) as its capital . '' In fact , at the outset of the meeting , the OIC countries signed a statement praising the Palestinians and their `` blessed intifada . '' The word terrorism was restricted to describe Israel , whom they condemned for `` state terrorism '' in their war with the Palestinian people . At the 34th Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers ( ICFM ) , an OIC section , in May 2007 , the foreign ministers termed Islamophobia `` the worst form of terrorism '' . Dispute with Thailand ( edit ) Thailand has responded to OIC criticism of human rights abuses in the Muslim majority provinces of Pattani , Yala , and Narathiwat in the south of the country . In a statement issued on 18 October 2005 , secretary - general Ihsanoglu vocalised concern over the continuing conflict in the south that `` claimed the lives of innocent people and forced the migration of local people out of their places '' . He also stressed that the Thai government 's security | [
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] | secretary general of organization of islamic cooperation (oic) | [
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of local people out of their places '' . He also stressed that the Thai government 's security approach to the crisis would aggravate the situation and lead to continued violence . On 18 -- 19 April 2009 , the exiled Patani leader Abu Yasir Fikri ( see Patani United Liberation Organisation ) was invited to the OIC to speak about the conflict and present a solution to end the violence between the Thai government and the ethnically Malay Muslims living in the socioeconomically neglected south , that has been struggling against Thai assimilation policy and for self governance since it became annexed by Thailand in 1902 . Fikri presented a six - point solution at the conference in Jiddah that included obtaining the same basic rights as other groups when it came to right of language , religion , and culture . He also suggested that Thailand give up its discriminatory policies against the Patani people and allow Patani to at least be allowed the same self - governing rights as other regions in Thailand already have , citing that this does not go against the Thai constitution since it has been done in other parts of Thailand and that it is a matter of political will . He also criticised the Thai government 's escalation of violence by arming and creating Buddhist militia groups and questioned their intentions . He added Thai policies of not investigating corruption , murder , and human rights violations perpetrated by Bangkok - led administration and military personnel against the Malay Muslim population was an obstacle for achieving peace and healing the deep wounds of being treated as third - class citizens . Thailand responded to this criticism over its policies . The Thai foreign minister , Kantathi Suphamongkhon , said : `` We have made it clear to the OIC several times that the violence in the deep South is not caused by religious conflict and the government grants protection to all of our citizens no matter what religion they embrace . '' The Foreign Ministry issued a statement dismissing the OIC 's criticism and accusing it of disseminating misperceptions and misinformation about the situation in the southern provinces . `` If the OIC secretariat really wants to promote the cause of peace and harmony in the three southern provinces of Thailand , the responsibility falls on the OIC secretariat to strongly condemn the militants , who are perpetrating these acts of violence against both Thai Muslims and Thai Buddhists . '' HRW and Amnesty International have echoed the same concerns as OIC , rebuffing Thailand 's attempts to dismiss the issue . Dispute with India ( edit ) India has pushed against the OIC for referring to the state of Jammu and Kashmir as `` occupied by India '' . Although 14.23 % of India 's population is Muslim , it has pushed for the OIC to make an exception to accept India as a member , arguing that about 11 % ( roughly 172 million ) of the Muslims live in India . Pakistan opposes India 's | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation&oldid=854726486 | -7,121,175,141,318,224,000 | <P> The Permanent Secretariat is the executive organ of the Organisation , entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies , and is located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen . He received his office on , Tuesday , 29 November 2016 </P> | Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen | -7121175141318224011_9 | false | The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen. He has been involved in addressing various conflicts and issues within the OIC, including the situation in the southern provinces of Thailand. The OIC has been critical of the Thai government's approach to the crisis in the south, particularly in relation to the ethnically Malay Muslim population. The OIC has called for an end to the violence and for the Thai government to grant the same basic rights to the Malay Muslims as other groups in the country. However, Thailand has disputed the OIC's criticism and has accused the organization of disseminating misperceptions and misinformation about the situation in the southern provinces. Additionally, India has also had disputes with the OIC, particularly in relation to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Despite these disputes, the OIC continues to play a significant role in addressing various conflicts and issues within the Islamic world. |
that about 11 % ( roughly 172 million ) of the Muslims live in India . Pakistan opposes India 's entry into the OIC . The reason for Pakistan 's opposition to India 's entry into the OIC is due to the human rights issues and problems faced by the Kashmiris in the Indian - administered state of Jammu & Kashmir ( J&K ) . The Muslim world has always supported Pakistan rather than India , however the role of the OIC concerning the Kashmir issue is that India has the largest Muslim minority and those people have shown desire to join the OIC . While the First Islamic Summit did not have the issue of the Kashmir people , granting the 60 million Muslims living in India membership in the OIC was discussed . While General Yahya Khan of Pakistan did agree , he showed his extreme displeasure at the fact that at induction of Muslim representative Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad , he took a seat , which caused major controversy . Meanwhile , there were Muslims killed in anti-Muslim riots in Ahmedabad . Pakistan rejected this development and demanded the expulsion of India from the summit . Notable meetings ( edit ) A number of OIC meetings have attracted global attention . Ninth meeting of PUOICM ( edit ) The ninth meeting of Parliamentary Union of the OIC member states ( PUOICM ) was held on 15 and 16 February 2007 in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . The speaker of Malaysia 's House of Representatives , Ramli bin Ngah Talib , delivered a speech at the beginning of the inaugural ceremony . OIC secretary - general Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu said prior to the meeting that one main agenda item was stopping Israel from continuing its excavation at the Western Wall near the Al - Aqsa Mosque , Islam 's third holiest site . The OIC also discussed how it might send peacekeeping troops to Muslim states , as well as the possibility of a change in the name of the body and its charter . Additionally , return of the sovereignty right to the Iraqi people along with withdrawal of foreign troops from Iraq was another one of the main issues on the agenda . Pakistani Foreign Minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri told reporters on 14 February 2007 that the secretary general of OIC and foreign ministers of seven `` like - minded Muslim countries '' would meet in Islamabad on 25 February 2007 following meetings of President Musharraf with heads of key Muslim countries to discuss `` a new initiative '' for the resolution of the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict . Kasuri said this would be a meeting of foreign ministers of key Muslim countries to discuss and prepare for a summit in Makkah Al Mukarramah to seek the resolution of the Arab -- Israeli conflict . IPHRC trip to Washington DC ( edit ) In December 2012 , the IPHRC met in Washington , DC for the first time . The IPHRC held meetings at the National Press Club , Capitol Hill and Freedom House discussing the issues of human rights defense in the OIC member states . During their | [
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Freedom House discussing the issues of human rights defense in the OIC member states . During their roundtable discussion with Freedom House the IPHRC emphasised the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the rejection of the Cairo Declaration by the OIC . Observer status Dispute ( edit ) The September 2014 's high - level Summit of the OIC , in New York , ended without adopting any resolutions or conclusions , for the first time in several years in the modern history of the organization , due to a dispute regarding the status of one of its Observer states . Egypt , Iran and the United Arab Emirates have demanded that the OIC remove the term ' Turkish Cypriot State ' in reference to the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus ( TRNC ) , which has observer status within the organization . Egypt 's president Abdel Fattah el - Sisi insisted that any reference to the `` Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus or Turkish Cypriot State '' was unacceptable and was ultimately the reason for the OIC not adopting any resolutions or conclusions in the 2014 summit . Structure and Organisation ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Further information : Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States Session of the Islamic Summit Conference in Istanbul , Turkey , April 2016 The OIC system consists of : Islamic Summit ( edit ) The largest meeting , attended by the kings and the heads of state and government of the member states , convenes every three years . The Islamic Summit takes policy decisions and provide guidance on all issues pertaining to the realisation of the objectives as provided for in the Charter and consider other issues of concern to the Member States and the Ummah . Islamic Conference of foreign ministers ( edit ) Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers meets once a year to examine a progress report on the implementation of its decisions taken within the framework of the policy defined by the Islamic Summit . Secretary General ( edit ) The Secretary General is elected by the Council of Foreign Ministers for a period of five years , renewable once . The Secretary - General is elected from among nationals of the Member States in accordance with the principles of equitable geographical distribution , rotation and equal opportunity for all Member States with due consideration to competence , integrity and experience . Permanent Secretariat ( edit ) The Permanent Secretariat is the executive organ of the Organisation , entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies , and is located in Jeddah , Saudi | [
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the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies , and is located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen . He received his office on , Tuesday , 29 November 2016 Subsidiary organisations ( edit ) The Islamic University of Technology was set up by the OIC in Bangladesh The Statistical , Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries , in Ankara , Turkey . The Research Centre for Islamic History , Art and Culture ( IRCICA ) , located in Istanbul , Turkey . The Islamic University of Technology , located in Gazipur , Dhaka , Bangladesh . The Islamic Centre for the Development of Trade , located in Casablanca , Morocco . The Islamic Fiqh Academy , located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . The Islamsate Islamic network , located at Riyadh , Saudi Arabia and Pakistan . The Executive Bureau of the Islamic Solidarity Fund and its Waqf , located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . The Islamic University in Niger , located in Say , Niger . The Islamic University in Uganda , located in Mbale , Uganda . The Tabriz Islamic Arts University , located in Tabriz , Iran . Specialised Institutions ( edit ) The Islamic Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organisation ( ISESCO ) , located in Rabat , Morocco . The Islamic States Broadcasting Organisation ( ISBO ) and the International Islamic News Agency ( IINA ) , located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia Affiliated Institutions ( edit ) Islamic Chamber of Commerce and Industry ( ICCI ) , located in Karachi , Pakistan . World Islamic Economic Forum ( WIEF ) , located in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . Organisation of Islamic Capitals and Cities ( OICC ) , located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . Sports Federation of Islamic Solidarity Games , located in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia . Islamic Committee of the International Crescent ( ICIC ) , located in Benghazi , Libya . Islamic Shipowners Association ( ISA ) , located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . World Federation of International Arab - Islamic Schools , located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . International Association of Islamic Banks ( IAIB ) , located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . Islamic Conference Youth Forum for Dialogue and Cooperation ( ICYF - DC ) , located in Istanbul , Turkey . General Council for Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions ( CIBAFI ) , located in Manama , Bahrain . Standards and Metrology Institute for Islamic Countries ( SMIIC ) , located in Istanbul , Turkey . Secretaries - General ( edit ) Secretaries - General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation No . Name Country of origin | [
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of Islamic Cooperation No . Name Country of origin Took office Left office Tunku Abdul Rahman Malaysia 1970 Hassan Al - Touhami Egypt Amadou Karim Gaye Senegal 1979 Habib Chatty Tunisia 1979 1984 5 Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada Pakistan 1984 1988 6 Hamid Algabid Niger 1988 7 Azeddine Laraki Morocco 2000 8 Abdelouahed Belkeziz Morocco 2000 9 Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu Turkey 2014 10 Iyad bin Amin Madani Saudi Arabia 2014 2016 11 Yousef Al - Othaimeen Saudi Arabia 2016 Islamic Summits ( edit ) Number Date Country Place 1st 22 -- 25 September 1969 Morocco Rabat 2nd 22 -- 24 February 1974 Pakistan Lahore 3rd 25 -- 29 January 1981 Saudi Arabia Mecca and Ta'if 4th 16 -- 19 January 1984 Morocco Casablanca 5th 26 -- 29 January 1987 Kuwait Kuwait City 6th 9 -- 11 December 1991 Senegal Dakar 7th 13 -- 15 December 1994 Morocco Casablanca 1st Extraordinary 23 -- 24 March 1997 Pakistan Islamabad 8th 9 -- 11 December 1997 Iran Tehran 9th 12 -- 13 November 2000 Qatar Doha 2nd Extraordinary 4 -- 5 March 2003 Qatar Doha 10th 16 -- 17 October 2003 Malaysia Putrajaya 3rd Extraordinary 7 -- 8 December 2005 Saudi Arabia Mecca 11th 13 -- 14 March 2008 Senegal Dakar 4th Extraordinary 14 -- 15 August 2012 Saudi Arabia Mecca 12th 6 -- 7 February 2013 Egypt Cairo | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation&oldid=854726486 | -7,121,175,141,318,224,000 | <P> The Permanent Secretariat is the executive organ of the Organisation , entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies , and is located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen . He received his office on , Tuesday , 29 November 2016 </P> | Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen | -7121175141318224011_13 | false | The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is a prominent position within the organization. The Secretary General is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations and representing the OIC on the international stage. The list of former Secretary Generals includes Tunku Abdul Rahman from Malaysia, Hassan Al-Touhami from Egypt, Amadou Karim Gaye from Senegal, Habib Chatty from Tunisia, Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada from Pakistan, Hamid Algabid from Niger, Azeddine Laraki from Morocco, Abdelouahed Belkeziz from Morocco, Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu from Turkey, and Iyad bin Amin Madani from Saudi Arabia. The current Secretary General is Dr. Yousef A. Al-Othaimeen.
In addition to the Secretary General, the OIC has also held a number of Islamic Summits. These summits have taken place in various countries including Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Senegal, Iran, Qatar, Malaysia, and Egypt. The purpose of these summits is to address important issues facing the Islamic world and to promote cooperation and unity among member states.
The OIC plays a crucial role in addressing the needs and concerns of the Islamic world, and the Secretary General is at the forefront of these efforts. Dr. Yousef A. Al-Othaimeen currently holds this important position and continues to work towards the goals and objectives of the OIC. |
12th 6 -- 7 February 2013 Egypt Cairo 5th Extraordinary 6 -- 7 March 2016 Indonesia Jakarta 13th 14 -- 15 April 2016 Turkey Istanbul 6th Extraordinary 13 December 2017 Turkey Istanbul 7th Extraordinary 18 May 2018 Turkey Istanbul See also ( edit ) Islam portal Azerbaijan - the OIC relations Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam D - 8 Organization for Economic Cooperation Flag of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition Islamic Reporting Initiative Islamic University of Technology List of largest cities in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member countries Demographics of the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` The World Factbook -- Central Intelligence Agency '' . www.cia.gov . ^ Jump up to : About OIC . Oic-oci.org . Retrieved on 2014 - 11 - 07 . ^ Jump up to : Ciment , James ; Hill , Kenneth ( eds . ) . Encyclopedia of Conflicts Since World War II , Volume 1 . Routledge . pp. 185 -- 6 . Retrieved 18 November 2017 . Jump up ^ LIEBER , DOV ( 22 August 2017 ) . `` PA , Hamas ( allege ) Jews planned 1969 burning of Al - Aqsa Mosque '' . Times of Israel . Retrieved 17 November 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` The organization `` Islamic Conference '' ( OIC ) `` . elibrary . Retrieved 17 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Esposito , 1998 , p. 164 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam , 5 August 1990 , U.N. GAOR , World Conf . on Hum . Rts. , 4th Sess. , Agenda Item 5 , U.N. Doc . A / CONF. 157 / PC / 62 / Add. 18 ( 1993 ) ( English translation ) '' . University of Minnesota . 5 August 1990 . Retrieved 25 March 2011 . Jump up ^ `` OIC Charter '' . Ch 1 , Art 1 , Sect 7 . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . Jump up ^ `` OIC to hold conference on refugees in Muslim world in Turkmenistan '' . Zaman. 24 April 2012 . Archived from the original on 3 May 2012 . Jump up ^ `` OIC RIGHTLY CHANGES ITS NAME '' . Pakistan Observer . Archived from the original on 23 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` وب سایتهای ایرنا - Irna '' . Archived from the original on 17 February 2012 . Retrieved 23 March 2011 . Jump up ^ Feller , Ben ( 2 June 2007 ) . `` Bush to Name Envoy to Islamic Conference '' . The Guardian . London . Archived from the original on 2 December 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Arsalan Suleman '' . US Department of State . | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation&oldid=854726486 | -7,121,175,141,318,224,000 | <P> The Permanent Secretariat is the executive organ of the Organisation , entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies , and is located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen . He received his office on , Tuesday , 29 November 2016 </P> | Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen | -7121175141318224011_14 | false | The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen. The OIC is an international organization founded in 1969, consisting of 57 member states, with a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015. The organization is the second largest inter-governmental organization after the United Nations. The OIC's main objective is to safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony. Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen has been serving as the Secretary General since 2016, and has been actively involved in addressing various issues affecting the Muslim world, including human rights, economic cooperation, and counter-terrorism efforts. His leadership has been instrumental in advancing the goals and objectives of the OIC, and he continues to play a key role in promoting unity and solidarity among member states. |
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. Jump up ^ Solash , Richard ( 7 March 2012 ) . `` Historic UN Session On Gay Rights Marked By Arab Walkout '' . Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty . Agence France - Presse . Retrieved 18 July 2012 . Jump up ^ South Africa leads United Nations on gay rights News National Mail & Guardian . Mg.co.za ( 2012 - 03 - 09 ) . Retrieved on 2013 - 09 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' ( PDF ) . Archived from the original on 23 November 2009 . Retrieved 25 April 2014 . Jump up ^ Over 80 Nations Support Statement at Human Rights Council on LGBT Rights '' US Mission Geneva . Geneva.usmission.gov . Retrieved on 2013 - 09 - 27 . Jump up ^ James Rothwell ( 18 May 2016 ) . `` Muslim countries ban gay and transgender reps from United Nations meeting on Aids '' . Telegraph . Retrieved 2016 - 05 - 18 . Jump up ^ Nichols , Michelle ( 2013 - 04 - 04 ) . `` Muslim states block gay groups from U.N. AIDS meeting ; U.S. protests '' . Reuters . Retrieved 2016 - 05 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` ASTANA DECLARATION '' . OIC . Archived from the original on 16 September 2017 . Retrieved 15 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` OIC Convention on Combating International Terrorism '' . OICUN . Retrieved 25 March 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Organisation of the Islamic Conference : Improve and Strengthen the 1999 OIC Convention on Combating International Terrorism Human Rights Watch 11 March 2008 . Jump up ^ Ben Saul : Branding Enemies : Regional Legal Responses to Terrorism in Asia ' ' Asia - Pacific Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law , 2008 ' ' Sydney Law School Legal Studies Research Paper No. 08 / 127 , October 2008 . Jump up ^ Patrick Goodenough : UN Anti-Terror Effort Bogged Down Over Terrorism Definition CNSNew , 2 September 2008 . Archived 7 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ The OIC 's blind eye to terror The Japan Times 9 April 2002 . Jump up ^ ' Islamophobia Worst Form of Terrorism ' Arab News 17 May 2007 . ^ Jump up to : `` Ihsanoglu urges OIC Member States to accord greater attention to Muslim minority issues '' . Patanipost.com . Archived from the original on 15 July 2011 . Retrieved 25 March 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` Welcome to Patani Post ! PULO President invited to speak at OIC meeting 18 -- 19 April 2009 '' . Patani Post . Archived from the original on 16 March 2011 . Retrieved 25 March 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` Thailand '' . Amnesty International . Retrieved 25 March 2011 . Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Archived 23 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` OIC Resolution '' . Patani Post . Archived from the original on 15 July 2011 . Retrieved 25 March 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Thailand '' . Human Rights Watch . Retrieved 25 March 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Wahab , Siraj ( 30 June 2011 ) . `` OIC urged to press India on Kashmir issue '' . Arab News . Archived from | [
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( 30 June 2011 ) . `` OIC urged to press India on Kashmir issue '' . Arab News . Archived from the original on 26 July 2011 . Retrieved 25 July 2012 . Jump up ^ Chickrie , Raymond ( 23 January 2011 ) . `` Eight Countries Seek OIC Membership '' . Caribbean Muslims . Archived from the original on 18 January 2012 . Retrieved 29 November 2011 . Jump up ^ `` ' Pak will match India weapons ' '' . The Indian Express . 3 July 2005 . Retrieved 29 November 2011 . Jump up ^ Orakzai , S. ( 2010 ) . `` Organisation of The Islamic Conference and Conflict Resolution : Case Study of the Kashmir Dispute . Pakistan Horizon , 63 ( 2 ) '' : 83 . JSTOR 24711087 . Jump up ^ Orakzai , S. ( 2010 ) . `` Organisation of The Islamic Conference and Conflict Resolution : Case Study of the Kashmir Dispute . Pakistan Horizon , 63 ( 2 ) '' : 88 . JSTOR 24711087 . Jump up ^ ( 2 ) Archived 16 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine . ^ Jump up to : `` Malaysian National News Agency '' . Bernama . Archived from the original on 29 September 2007 . Retrieved 25 March 2011 . Jump up ^ ( 3 ) Archived 6 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ ( 4 ) Archived 7 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Upcoming Event : Roundtable Discussion with the OIC 's Human Rights Commission '' . Freedom House . 13 December 2012 . Retrieved 21 January 2013 . Jump up ^ ( 5 ) The World Bulletin news : Egypt 's Sisi demands Turkish Cypriots removed from OIC Jump up ^ ( 6 ) Egypt 's Sisi tells Turks to get out of Cyprus Jump up ^ ( 7 ) OIC says `` NO '' to `` Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus '' Jump up ^ Welcome to Organisation of Islamic Cooperation official website . Oic-oci.org . Retrieved on 2013 - 09 - 27 . Jump up ^ Welcome to Organisation of Islamic Cooperation official website . Oic-oci.org . Retrieved on 2013 - 09 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` About SMIIC '' . Standards and Metrology Institute for Islamic Countries . Retrieved 12 September 2012 . Jump up ^ `` General Secretariat '' . www.oic-oci.org . Jump up ^ `` Second Islamic summit conference '' ( PDF ) . Formun . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 26 June 2013 . Retrieved 1 April 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Mecca Declaration '' . JANG . Archived from the original on 26 March 2014 . Retrieved 25 March 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Resolution of the Fifth Islamic Summit Conference '' . IRCICA . Retrieved 1 April 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Dakar Declaration '' ( PDF ) . IFRC . Retrieved 6 February 2013 . Jump up ^ Darwish , Adel ( 1 April 2003 ) . `` OIC meet in Doha : mudslinging dominated the OIC conference in Qatar '' . Retrieved 1 April 2013 . Jump up ^ Shah , S. Mudassir Ali ( 12 March 2008 ) . `` Karzai flies to Senegal for 11th OIC summit '' . Pajhwok Afghan News . Kabul . Retrieved 1 April 2013 . | [
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Senegal for 11th OIC summit '' . Pajhwok Afghan News . Kabul . Retrieved 1 April 2013 . Jump up ^ Knipp , Kersten ( 15 August 2012 ) . `` Islamic group hopes to limit Syrian conflict '' . Deutsche Welle . Retrieved 15 August 2012 . Jump up ^ Arrott , Elizabeth ( 6 February 2013 ) . `` Islamic Summit Leaders Urge Action on Mali , Syria '' . Voice of America . Retrieved 6 February 2013 . Jump up ^ Karensa , Edo ( 6 March 2016 ) . `` OIC Extraordinary Summit on Palestine Kicks Off in Jakarta '' . The Jakarta Globe . Retrieved 6 March 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on 12 May 2016 . Retrieved 11 April 2016 . Further reading ( edit ) Ankerl , Guy Coexisting Contemporary Civilisations : Arabo - Muslim , Bharati , Chinese , and Western . Geneva , INUPress , 2000 , ISBN 2 - 88155 - 004 - 5 . Al - Huda , Qamar . `` Organisation of the Islamic Conference . '' Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World . Edited by Martin , Richard C. Macmillan Reference , 2004 . vol. 1 p. 394 , 20 April 2008 . External links ( edit ) Media related to Organisation of Islamic Cooperation at Wikimedia Commons Temple Mount Al - Aqsa Mosque Al - Qibli Chapel Fountain of Qasim Pasha Murabitat Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Walls Western Wall Little Western Wall Dung Gate Heritage Foundation Modesty guard Mughrabi Bridge Paratroopers at the Western Wall Placing notes Platoon of the Wall Pro -- Wailing Wall Committee Western Stone Western Wall camera Wilson 's Arch Women for the Wall Western Wall Tunnel Other walls Eastern Wall Southern Wall Hall of Hewn Stones Temples Solomon 's Temple Second Temple Third Temple The Temple Institute Archaeological remnants Dome of the Rock Dome of al - Khalili Dome of the Ascension Dome of the Chain Dome of the Prophet Dome of the Rock Dome of Yusuf Fountain of Qayt Bay Antiquities Foundation Stone Acra Antonia Fortress Birket Israel Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount Excavations Hasmonean Baris Minarets | [
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summits Economic Cooperation Organization ( ECO ) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ( SCO ) Europe Council of Europe ( CE ) European Union ( EU ) Nordic Council Visegrád Group Eurasia Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) Collective Security Treaty Organization ( CSTO ) Economic Cooperation Organization ( ECO ) Eurasian Economic Union ( EaEU ) Turkic Council North America -- Europe North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) Arctic Council Africa -- Asia -- Europe Union for the Mediterranean Africa -- South America South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone Oceania -- Pacific Australia -- New Zealand -- United States Security Treaty ( ANZUS ) Asia - Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) Melanesian Spearhead Group ( MSG ) Pacific Islands Forum ( PIF ) Polynesian Leaders Group ( PLG ) Non -- regional Brazil -- Russia -- India -- China -- South Africa ( BRICS ) Commonwealth of Nations Francophonie Colombia -- Indonesia -- Vietnam -- Egypt -- Turkey -- South Africa ( CIVETS ) E7 E9 G4 G7 G8 G8 + 5 G20 G24 G77 India -- Brazil -- South Africa Dialogue Forum ( IBSA ) Mexico -- Indonesia -- Nigeria -- Turkey ( MINT ) Next Eleven ( N - 11 ) Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) Uniting for Consensus Global United Nations ( UN ) GND : 2081073 - 8 ISNI : 0000 0004 0648 136X VIAF : 302216036 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation&oldid=854726486 '' Categories : Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Organizations established in 1969 United Nations General Assembly observers Al - Aqsa Mosque Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty Islamic conferences Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from June 2016 Use | [
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The OIC is led by the Secretary General, who is responsible for overseeing the organization's activities and representing the interests of its member states on the international stage. The current Secretary General of the OIC is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen.
The OIC plays a crucial role in addressing the political, economic, and social challenges faced by Islamic countries, and it serves as a platform for cooperation and collaboration among its member states. Additionally, the OIC is actively involved in promoting peace, security, and stability in the Muslim world and beyond.
As an important intergovernmental organization, the OIC is committed to upholding the principles of Islamic solidarity and unity, and it continues to work towards advancing the interests and well-being of the Muslim community worldwide. |
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation&oldid=854726486 | -7,121,175,141,318,224,000 | <P> The Permanent Secretariat is the executive organ of the Organisation , entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies , and is located in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) is Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen . He received his office on , Tuesday , 29 November 2016 </P> | Dr. Yousef A. Al - Othaimeen | -7121175141318224011_22 | false | The Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is Dr. Yousef A. Al-Othaimeen. |
ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche Tiếng Việt Wolof 粵語 Zazaki 中文 63 more Edit links This page was last edited on 13 August 2018 , at 10 : 52 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | [
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Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository - Wikipedia Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository Jump to : navigation , search Yucca Mountain The proposed design The Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository , as designated by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act amendments of 1987 , is to be a deep geological repository storage facility within Yucca Mountain for spent nuclear fuel and other high - level radioactive waste in the United States . The site is located on federal land adjacent to the Nevada Test Site in Nye County , Nevada , about 80 mi ( 130 km ) northwest of the Las Vegas Valley . The project was approved in 2002 by the 107th United States Congress , but federal funding for the site ended in 2011 under the Obama Administration via amendment to the Department of Defense and Full - Year Continuing Appropriations Act , passed on April 14 , 2011 . The project has encountered many difficulties and was highly contested by the non-local public , the Western Shoshone peoples , and many politicians . The Government Accountability Office stated that the closure was for political , not technical or safety reasons . This leaves American utilities and the United States government , which currently disposes of its transuranic waste 2,150 feet ( 660 m ) below the surface at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico , without any designated long - term storage site for the high - level radioactive waste stored on site at various nuclear facilities around the country . Under President Barack Obama the Department of Energy ( DOE ) was reviewing options other than Yucca Mountain for a high - level waste repository . The Blue Ribbon Commission on America 's Nuclear Future , established by the Secretary of Energy , released its final report in January 2012 . It detailed an urgent need to find a site suitable for constructing a consolidated , geological repository , stating that any future facility should be developed by a new independent organization with direct access to the Nuclear Waste Fund , which is not subject to political and financial control as the Cabinet - level Department of Energy is . Under President Donald Trump , the DOE has ceased deep borehole and other non-Yucca Mountain waste disposition research activities . For FY18 , DOE had requested $120 million and the NRC $30 million from Congress to continue licensing activities for the Yucca Mountain Repository . For FY19 , DOE has again requested $120 million but the NRC has increased their request to $47.7 million . Congress has decided to provide no funding for the remainder of FY18 . In the meantime , most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks . Contents ( hide ) 1 Introduction 2 The facility 3 Opposition 4 Radiation standards 4.1 Original standard 4.2 | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository&oldid=833298721 | 605,053,236,099,996,300 | <P> In the meantime , most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks . </P> | most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks | 605053236099996324_1 | true | In the United States, most nuclear power plants have turned to on-site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks as a solution for the storage of nuclear waste products. This method has been adopted as a result of the closure of the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository project and the lack of a designated long-term storage site for high-level radioactive waste stored at various nuclear facilities around the country. This decision was made in response to the cessation of deep borehole and other non-Yucca Mountain waste disposition research activities by the Department of Energy under President Donald Trump. As a result, the indefinite on-site dry cask storage has become the primary method for storing nuclear waste products in the US. |
3 Opposition 4 Radiation standards 4.1 Original standard 4.2 Inconsistent standards 4.3 EPA 's rule 5 Geology 5.1 Earthquakes 6 Transportation of waste 6.1 Nevada routes 6.2 Impacts 7 Cultural impact 8 Delays since 2009 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links Introduction ( edit ) Spent nuclear fuel is the radioactive by - product of electricity generation at commercial nuclear power plants , and high - level radioactive waste is the by - product from reprocessing spent fuel to produce fissile material for nuclear weapons . In 1982 , the United States Congress established a national policy to solve the problem of nuclear waste disposal . This policy is a federal law called the Nuclear Waste Policy Act , which made the DOE responsible for finding a site , building , and operating an underground disposal facility called a geologic repository . The recommendation to use a geologic repository dates back to 1957 when the National Academy of Sciences recommended that the best means of protecting the environment and public health and safety would be to dispose of the waste in rock deep underground . The DOE began studying Yucca Mountain in 1978 to determine whether it would be suitable for the nation 's first long - term geologic repository for over 70,000 metric tons ( 69,000 long tons ; 77,000 short tons ) ( 150 million pounds ) of spent nuclear fuel and high - level radioactive waste as of 2015 stored at 121 sites around the nation . An estimated 10,000 metric tons ( 9,800 long tons ; 11,000 short tons ) of the waste would be from America 's military nuclear programs . On December 19 , 1984 , the DOE selected ten locations in six states for consideration as potential repository sites , based on data collected for nearly ten years . The ten sites were studied and results of these preliminary studies were reported in 1985 . Based on these reports , President Ronald Reagan approved three sites for intensive scientific study called site characterization . The three sites were Hanford , Washington ; Deaf Smith County , Texas ; and Yucca Mountain . In 1987 , Congress amended the Nuclear Waste Policy Act and directed DOE to study only Yucca Mountain , which is located within a former nuclear test site . The Act provided that if during site characterization the Yucca Mountain location was found unsuitable , studies would be stopped immediately . This option expired when the site was actually recommended by the President . On July 23 , 2002 , President George W. Bush signed House Joint Resolution 87 , ( Pub. L. 107 -- 200 ) allowing the DOE to take the next step in establishing a safe repository in which to store the country 's nuclear waste . The DOE was to begin accepting spent fuel at the | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository&oldid=833298721 | 605,053,236,099,996,300 | <P> In the meantime , most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks . </P> | most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks | 605053236099996324_2 | false | Spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in the United States are stored at over 100 sites around the nation. Most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on-site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks. This is in response to the federal law called the Nuclear Waste Policy Act, which made the Department of Energy responsible for finding a site, building, and operating an underground disposal facility called a geologic repository. The DOE began studying Yucca Mountain in 1978 to determine whether it would be suitable for the nation's first long-term geologic repository for over 70,000 metric tons of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. An estimated 10,000 metric tons of the waste would be from America's military nuclear programs. |
in which to store the country 's nuclear waste . The DOE was to begin accepting spent fuel at the Yucca Mountain Repository by January 31 , 1998 but did not do so because of a series of delays due to legal challenges , concerns over how to transport nuclear waste to the facility , and political pressures resulting in underfunding of the construction . On July 18 , 2006 the DOE proposed March 31 , 2017 as the date to open the facility and begin accepting waste based on full funding . On September 8 , 2006 Ward ( Edward ) Sproat , a nuclear industry executive formerly of PECO energy in Pennsylvania , was nominated by President Bush to lead the Yucca Mountain Project . Following the 2006 mid-term Congressional elections , Democratic Nevada Senator Harry Reid , a longtime opponent of the repository , became the Senate Majority Leader , putting him in a position to greatly affect the future of the project . Reid has said that he would continue to work to block completion of the project , and is quoted as having said : `` Yucca Mountain is dead . It 'll never happen . '' In the 2008 Omnibus Spending Bill , the Yucca Mountain Project 's budget was reduced to $390 million . The project was able to reallocate resources and delay transportation expenditures to complete the License Application for submission on June 3 , 2008 . During his 2008 presidential campaign , Barack Obama promised to abandon the Yucca Mountain project . As a result , Senator Reid moved the Nevada primary to help Obama 's campaign . After his election , the Nuclear Regulatory Commission told Obama he did not have the ability to do so . On April 23 , 2009 , Lindsey Graham ( R - South Carolina ) and eight other senators introduced legislation to provide `` rebates '' from a $30 billion federally managed fund into which nuclear power plants had been paying , so as to refund all collected funds if the project was in fact cancelled by Congress . In November 2013 , in response to a lawsuit filed by the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners and the Nuclear Energy Institute , the US court of appeals ruled that nuclear utilities may stop paying into the nuclear waste recovery fund until either the DOE follows the Nuclear Waste Policy Act , which designates Yucca Mountain as the repository , or Congress changes the law . The fee ended May 16 , 2014 . Lacking an operating repository , the federal government initially paid utility companies somewhere between $300 and $500 million per year in compensation for failing to comply with the contract it signed to take the spent nuclear fuel by 1998 . For the ten years after 2015 it is estimated to cost taxpayers $24 billion in payments from the Judgment Fund . The Judgment Fund is not subject to budget rules and allows Congress to ignore the nuclear waste issue since payments therefrom do not have any impact on yearly spending for other programs . The facility ( edit ) A tour group | [
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impact on yearly spending for other programs . The facility ( edit ) A tour group entering the North Portal of Yucca Mountain The purpose of the Yucca Mountain project is to comply with the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and develop a national site for spent nuclear fuel and high - level radioactive waste storage . The management and operating contractor as of April 1 , 2009 for the project is USA Repository Services ( USA - RS ) , a wholly owned subsidiary of URS Corporation ( now part of AECOM ) with supporting principal subcontractors Shaw Corporation ( now part of CB&I ) and Areva Federal Services LLC ( now Orano federal services business ) . After the layoff of 800 employees on March 31 , 2009 , about 100 employees remained on the project until all technical staff were laid off by the end of FY 2010 due to zero funding in the 2011 budget for the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management . Sandia National Laboratories had the responsibility for post closure analysis and ensuring compliance with the NWPA . The main tunnel of the Exploratory Studies Facility is U-shaped , 5 mi ( 8.0 km ) long and 25 ft ( 7.6 m ) wide . There are also several cathedral - like alcoves that branch from the main tunnel . It is in these alcoves that most of the scientific experiments were conducted . The emplacement drifts ( smaller diameter tunnels branching off the main tunnel ) where waste would have been stored were not constructed since they required a construction authorization by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission . The repository has a statutory limit of 77,000 metric tons ( 85,000 short tons ) . To store this amount of waste would have required 40 miles ( 64 km ) of tunnels . The Nuclear Waste Policy Act further limits the capacity of the repository to 63,000 metric tons ( 62,000 long tons ; 69,000 short tons ) of initial heavy metal in commercial spent fuel . The 104 U.S. commercial reactors currently operating will produce this quantity of spent fuel by 2014 , assuming that the spent fuel rods are not reprocessed . Currently , the US has no civil reprocessing plant . This article needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( February 2017 ) The tunnel boring machine on display at the exit of the tunnel By 2008 , Yucca Mountain was one of the most studied pieces of geology in the world ; between geologic studies and materials science the United States had invested US $9 billion on the project . This site studied by the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology ( NBMG ) differs substantially from other potential repositories due to the finding of natural analogues of nuclear material that are currently being studied . The DOE estimates that it has over 100 million U.S. gallons of highly radioactive waste and 2,500 metric tons ( 2,800 short tons ) of spent fuel from the production of nuclear weapons and from research | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository&oldid=833298721 | 605,053,236,099,996,300 | <P> In the meantime , most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks . </P> | most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks | 605053236099996324_4 | false | The Yucca Mountain project was established to comply with the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and create a national site for the storage of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. The project was managed by USA Repository Services, a subsidiary of URS Corporation, with support from Shaw Corporation and Areva Federal Services LLC. However, due to budget cuts, the project was defunded, leading to the layoff of employees and the cessation of technical staff by the end of FY 2010. The main tunnel of the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain is U-shaped, 5 miles long, and 25 feet wide, with cathedral-like alcoves for scientific experiments. The repository has a statutory limit of 77,000 metric tons, but the Nuclear Waste Policy Act further limits the capacity to 63,000 metric tons of initial heavy metal in commercial spent fuel. By 2008, the United States had invested $9 billion in the project, making Yucca Mountain one of the most studied pieces of geology in the world. The site differs from other potential repositories due to the finding of natural analogues of nuclear material. The Department of Energy estimates that it has over 100 million U.S. gallons of highly radioactive waste and 2,500 metric tons of spent fuel from the production of nuclear weapons and research. |
tons ( 2,800 short tons ) of spent fuel from the production of nuclear weapons and from research activities in temporary storage . The cost of the facility is being paid for by a combination of a tax on each kilowatt hour of nuclear power and by the taxpayers for disposal of weapons and naval nuclear waste . Based on the 2001 cost estimate , approximately 73 percent is funded from consumers of nuclear - powered electricity and 27 percent by the taxpayers . The Total System Life Cycle Cost presented to Congress on July 15 , 2008 by Director Sproat was $90 billion . This cost , could not be compared to previous estimates since it included a repository capacity about twice as large as previously estimated over a much longer period of time ( 100 years vs 30 years ) . Additionally , the cost of the project continued to escalate because of insufficient funding to most efficiently move forward and complete the project . By 2007 , the DOE announced it was seeking to double the size of the Yucca Mountain repository to a capacity of 135,000 metric tons ( 149,000 short tons ) , or 300 million pounds . The tunnel boring machine ( TBM ) that excavated the main tunnel cost $13 million and was 400 ft ( 120 m ) in length when in operation . It now sits at its exit point at the South Portal ( south entrance ) of the facility . The short side tunnel alcoves were excavated using explosives . Opposition ( edit ) Map showing the location of Yucca Mountain in southern Nevada , to the west of the Nevada Test Site The DOE was scheduled to begin accepting spent fuel at the Yucca Mountain repository by January 31 , 1998 . As of 2010 , years after this deadline , the future status of the repository at Yucca Mountain was still unknown due to on - going litigation , and opposition by Senator Harry Reid . Because of construction delays , a number of nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to dry cask storage of waste on - site indefinitely in steel and concrete casks . The project is widely opposed in Nevada and is a hotly debated national topic . A two - thirds majority of Nevadans feel it is unfair for their state to have to store nuclear waste when there are no nuclear power plants in Nevada Many Nevadans ' opposition stemmed from the so - called `` Screw Nevada Bill , '' the 1987 legislation halting study of Hanford and Texas as potential sites for the waste before conclusions could be made . The local county in which the proposed facility is located , Nye County , supports the development of the repository as do six adjoining counties . One point of concern has been the standard of radiation emission from 10,000 years to 1,000,000 years into the future . On August 9 , 2005 , the United States Environmental Protection Agency proposed a limit of 350 millirem per year for that period . In October 2007 , the DOE issued a draft of the Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement in which it shows that for | [
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DOE issued a draft of the Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement in which it shows that for the first 10,000 years mean public dose would be 0.24 mrem / year and that thereafter to 1,000,000 years the median public dose would be 0.98 mrem / year , both of which are substantially below the proposed EPA limit . For comparison , a hip x-ray results in a dose around 83 mrem and a CT head or chest scan results in around 1,110 mrem . Annually , in the United States , an individual 's doses from background radiation is about 350 mrem , although some places get more than twice that . On February 12 , 2002 , U.S. Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham made the decision that this site was suitable to be the nation 's nuclear repository . The governor of Nevada had 90 days to object and did so . However , the United States Congress overrode the objection . If the governor 's objection had stood the project would have been abandoned and a new site chosen . In August 2004 , the repository became an election issue , when Senator John Kerry ( D ) said that he would abandon the plans if elected . In March 2005 , the Energy and Interior departments revealed that several U.S. Geological Survey hydrologists had exchanged e-mails discussing possible falsification of quality assurance documents on water infiltration research . On February 17 , 2006 , the DOE 's Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management ( OCRWM ) released a report confirming the technical soundness of infiltration modeling work performed by U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ) employees . In March 2006 , the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Majority Staff issued a 25 - page white paper `` Yucca Mountain : The Most Studied Real Estate on the Planet . '' The conclusions were : Extensive studies consistently show Yucca Mountain to be a sound site for nuclear waste disposal The cost of not moving forward is extremely high Nuclear waste disposal capability is an environmental imperative Nuclear waste disposal capability supports national security Demand for new nuclear plants also demands disposal capability On January 18 , 2006 , DOE OCRWM announced that it would designate Sandia National Laboratories as its lead laboratory to integrate repository science work for the Yucca Mountain Project . `` We believe that establishing Sandia as our lead laboratory is an important step in our new path forward . The independent , expert review that the scientists at Sandia will perform will help ensure that the technical and scientific basis for the Yucca Mountain repository is without question , '' OCRWM 's Acting Director Paul Golan said . `` Sandia has unique experience in managing scientific investigations in support of a federally licensed geologic disposal facility , having served in that role as the scientific advisor to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in Carlsbad , New Mexico . '' Sandia began | [
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scientific advisor to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in Carlsbad , New Mexico . '' Sandia began acting as the lead laboratory on October 1 , 2006 . Because of questions raised by the State of Nevada and Congressional members about the quality of the science behind Yucca Mountain , the DOE announced on March 31 , 2006 the selection of Oak Ridge Associated Universities / Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education ( a not - for - profit consortium that includes 96 doctoral degree - granting institutions and 11 associate member universities ) to provide expert reviews of scientific and technical work on the Yucca Mountain Project . DOE stated that the Yucca Mountain Project `` will be based on sound science . By bringing in Oak Ridge for review of technical work , DOE will seek to present a high level of expertise and credibility as they move the project forward ... This award gives DOE access to academic and research institutions to help DOE meet their mission and legal obligation to license , construct , and open Yucca Mountain as the nation 's repository for spent nuclear fuel . '' There was significant public and political opposition to the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository project in Nevada . An attempt was made to push ahead with the project and override this opposition . But for large projects which would take decades to complete , there is every chance that sustained local opposition will prevail , and this happened with the Yucca Mountain project . Successful nuclear waste storage siting efforts in Scandinavia have involved local communities in the decision - making process and given them a veto at each stage , but this did not happen with Yucca Mountain . Local communities at potential storage and repository sites `` should have early and continued involvement in the process , including funding that would allow them to retain technical experts '' . On March 5 , 2009 , Energy Secretary Steven Chu reiterated in a Senate hearing that the Yucca Mountain site was no longer considered an option for storing reactor waste . On March 3 , 2010 , the DOE filed a motion with the NRC to withdraw its license application , however multiple lawsuits to stop this action have been filed by states , counties , and individuals across the country as being unauthorized by the NWPA . The costly nuclear accident in 2014 at New Mexico 's Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in which a nuclear waste container exploded , has caused doubt that it could serve as an alternative for Yucca . Radiation standards ( edit ) A tunnel inside the Exploratory Studies Facility . Original standard ( edit ) The United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) established its Yucca Mountain standards in June 2001 . The storage standard set a dose limit of 15 millirem per year for the public outside the Yucca Mountain site . The disposal standards consisted of three components : an individual dose | [
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the Yucca Mountain site . The disposal standards consisted of three components : an individual dose standard , a standard evaluating the impacts of human intrusion into the repository , and a groundwater protection standard . The individual - protection and human intrusion standards set a limit of 15 millirem per year to a reasonably maximally exposed individual , who would be among the most highly exposed members of the public . The groundwater protection standard is consistent with EPA 's Safe Drinking Water Act standards , which the Agency applies in many situations as a pollution prevention measure . The disposal standards were to apply for a period of 10,000 years after the facility is closed . Dose assessments were to continue beyond 10,000 years and be placed in DOE 's Environmental Impact Statement , but were not subject to a compliance standard . The 10,000 year period for compliance assessment is consistent with EPA 's generally applicable standards developed under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act . It also reflects international guidance regarding the level of confidence that can be placed in numerical projections over very long periods of time . Inconsistent standards ( edit ) Shortly after the EPA first established these standards in 2001 , the nuclear industry , several environmental and public interest groups , and the State of Nevada challenged the standards in court . In July 2004 , the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit found in favor of the Agency on all counts except one : the 10,000 year regulatory time frame . The court ruled that EPA 's 10,000 - year compliance period for isolation of radioactive waste was not consistent with National Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) recommendations and was too short . The NAS report had recommended standards be set for the time of peak risk , which might approach a period of one million years . By limiting the compliance time to 10,000 years , EPA did not respect a statutory requirement that it develop standards consistent with NAS recommendations . EPA 's rule ( edit ) EPA published in the Federal Register a final rule in 2009 . The new rule limits radiation doses from Yucca Mountain for up to 1,000,000 years after it closes . Within that regulatory time frame , the EPA has two dose standards that would apply based on the number of years from the time the facility is closed . For the first 10,000 years , the EPA would retain the 2001 final rule 's dose limit of 15 millirem per year . This is protection at the level of the most stringent radiation regulations in the U.S. today . From 10,000 to one million years , EPA established a dose limit of 100 millirem per year . EPA 's rule requires the Department of Energy to show that Yucca Mountain can safely contain wastes , considering the effects of earthquakes , volcanic activity , climate change , and container corrosion , over one million years . The current analysis indicates that | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository&oldid=833298721 | 605,053,236,099,996,300 | <P> In the meantime , most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks . </P> | most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks | 605053236099996324_8 | false | In the United States, nuclear waste products are primarily stored on-site at nuclear power plants in dry cask storage. This method involves placing the waste in steel and concrete casks, providing indefinite storage for the radioactive materials. The Yucca Mountain site was also considered for the disposal of nuclear waste, with specific disposal standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These standards included individual dose limits, human intrusion evaluations, and groundwater protection measures, with compliance assessments to be conducted over a period of 10,000 years. However, the EPA's 10,000-year compliance period was found to be inconsistent with National Academy of Sciences (NAS) recommendations, leading to a revision of the rule in 2009. The new rule extended the regulatory time frame to up to 1,000,000 years after the closure of the facility, with dose limits set at 15 millirem per year for the first 10,000 years and 100 millirem per year from 10,000 to one million years. The Department of Energy is required to demonstrate the safe containment of waste at Yucca Mountain, considering factors such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, climate change, and container corrosion, over the extended time frame. |
change , and container corrosion , over one million years . The current analysis indicates that the repository will cause less than 1 mrem / year public dose through 1,000,000 years . Geology ( edit ) Main article : Yucca Mountain Looking west atop Yucca Mountain The formation that makes up Yucca Mountain was created by several large eruptions from a caldera volcano and is composed of alternating layers of ignimbrite ( welded tuff ) , non-welded tuff , and semi-welded tuff . The tuff surround the burial sites is expected to protect human health as it provides a natural barrier to the radiation . It lies along the transition between the Mojave and the Great Basin Deserts . The volcanic tuff at Yucca Mountain is appreciably fractured and movement of water through an aquifer below the waste repository is primarily through fractures . While the fractures are usually confined to individual layers of tuff , the faults extend from the planned storage area all the way to the water table 600 to 1,500 ft ( 180 to 460 m ) below the surface . Future water transport from the surface to waste containers is likely to be dominated by fractures . There is evidence that surface water has been transported down through the 700 ft ( 210 m ) of overburden to the exploratory tunnel at Yucca Mountain in less than 50 years . Some site opponents assert that , after the predicted containment failure of the waste containers , these cracks may provide a route for movement of radioactive waste that dissolves in the water flowing downward from the desert surface . Officials state that the waste containers will be stored in such a way as to minimize or even nearly eliminate this possibility . The area around Yucca Mountain received much more rain in the geologic past and the water table was consequently much higher than it is today , though well below the level of the repository . Earthquakes ( edit ) Nevada ranks fourth in the nation for current seismic activity . Earthquake databases ( the Council of the National Seismic System Composite Catalogue and the Southern Great Basin Seismic Network ) provide current and historical earthquake information . Analysis of the available data in 1996 indicates that , since 1976 , there have been 621 seismic events of magnitude greater than 2.5 within a 50 - mile ( 80 km ) radius of Yucca Mountain . DOE has stated that seismic and tectonic effects on the natural systems at Yucca Mountain will not significantly affect repository performance . Yucca Mountain lies in a region of ongoing tectonic deformation , but the deformation rates are too slow to significantly affect the mountain during the 10,000 - year regulatory compliance period . Rises in the water table caused by seismic activity would be , at most , a few tens of meters and would not reach the repository . The fractured and faulted volcanic tuff that Yucca Mountain comprises reflects the occurrence of many | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository&oldid=833298721 | 605,053,236,099,996,300 | <P> In the meantime , most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks . </P> | most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks | 605053236099996324_9 | false | Nuclear waste products in the United States are primarily stored in on-site dry cask storage at most nuclear power plants. This method involves the use of steel and concrete casks to store the waste indefinitely. Additionally, there are ongoing discussions and plans for the construction of a permanent repository for nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain in Nevada. The geological formation at Yucca Mountain is expected to provide a natural barrier to radiation and protect human health. Despite concerns about seismic activity and water transport, the Department of Energy has stated that the tectonic effects and water table rises caused by earthquakes will not significantly affect the repository's performance. The area around Yucca Mountain has received much more rain in the geologic past, and the water table was consequently much higher than it is today, though well below the level of the repository. Despite ongoing debates and concerns, the storage of nuclear waste in the United States remains a complex and evolving issue. |
fractured and faulted volcanic tuff that Yucca Mountain comprises reflects the occurrence of many earthquake - faulting and strong ground motion events during the last several million years , and the hydrological characteristics of the rock would not be changed significantly by seismic events that may occur in the next 10,000 years . The engineered barrier system components will reportedly provide substantial protection of the waste from seepage water , even under severe seismic loading . In September 2007 , it was discovered that the Bow Ridge fault line ran underneath the facility , hundreds of feet east of where it was originally thought to be located , beneath a storage pad where spent radioactive fuel canisters would be cooled before being sealed in a maze of tunnels . The discovery required several structures to be moved several hundred feet further to the east , and drew criticism from Robert R. Loux , then head of the Nevada Agency for Nuclear Projects , who argues that Yucca administrators should have known about the fault line 's location years prior , and called the movement of the structures `` just - in - time engineering . '' In June 2008 , a major nuclear equipment supplier , Holtec International , criticized the Department of Energy 's safety plan for handling containers of radioactive waste before they are buried at the proposed Yucca Mountain dump . The concern is that , in an earthquake , the unanchored casks of nuclear waste material awaiting burial at Yucca Mountain could be sent into a `` chaotic melee of bouncing and rolling juggernauts '' . Transportation of waste ( edit ) The nuclear waste was planned to be shipped to the site by rail and / or truck in robust containers known as spent nuclear fuel shipping casks , approved by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission . While the routes in Nevada would have been public , in the other states the planned routes , dates and times of transport would have been secret for security reasons . State and tribal representatives would have been notified before shipments of spent nuclear fuel entered their jurisdictions . Nevada routes ( edit ) Proposed Transportation Route of spent nuclear fuel through Nevada Within Nevada , the planned primary mode of transportation was via rail through the Caliente Corridor . This corridor starts in Caliente , Nevada , traveling along the northern and western borders of the Nevada Test Site for approximately 200 miles ( 320 km ) . At this point , it turns south . Other options that were being considered included a rail route along the Mina corridor . This rail route would have originated at the Fort Churchill Siding rail line , near Wabuska . The proposed corridor would have proceeded southeast through Hawthorne , Blair Junction , Lida Junction and Oasis Valley . At Oasis Valley , the rail line would have turned north - northeast towards Yucca Mountain . Use of this rail corridor by the Department | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository&oldid=833298721 | 605,053,236,099,996,300 | <P> In the meantime , most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks . </P> | most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks | 605053236099996324_10 | false | Yucca Mountain is a location in the United States that has been proposed as a potential site for the storage of nuclear waste. The mountain is made up of fractured and faulted volcanic tuff, indicating a history of seismic activity. Despite this, it is believed that the hydrological characteristics of the rock would not be significantly affected by potential seismic events in the next 10,000 years. However, concerns have been raised about the safety of storing nuclear waste at this site, particularly in relation to seismic activity.
In 2007, it was discovered that the Bow Ridge fault line ran underneath the facility, closer to a storage pad for spent radioactive fuel canisters than originally thought. This discovery led to the movement of several structures and drew criticism from officials who argued that the fault line's location should have been known earlier. Additionally, in 2008, a major nuclear equipment supplier criticized the Department of Energy's safety plan for handling containers of radioactive waste, particularly in the event of an earthquake.
The transportation of nuclear waste to the Yucca Mountain site was also a point of concern. The planned routes for transporting the waste through Nevada were public, but in other states, the routes were to be kept secret for security reasons. The primary mode of transportation within Nevada was planned to be via rail through the Caliente Corridor, with other options also being considered.
Overall, the storage of nuclear waste in the United States is a complex and controversial issue, with concerns about seismic activity, transportation, and safety plans all playing a role in the ongoing debate. |
have turned north - northeast towards Yucca Mountain . Use of this rail corridor by the Department of Energy would have required permission from the Walker River Paiute Tribe in order to cross their land . As the first 54 miles ( 87 km ) of the proposed corridor was owned by the Department of Defense , additional permission from the DoD would have to have been granted . Impacts ( edit ) Since the early 1960s , the U.S. has safely conducted more than 3,000 shipments of spent nuclear fuel without any harmful release of radioactive material . This safety record is comparable to the worldwide experience where more than 70,000 metric tons of spent nuclear fuel have been transported since 1970 -- an amount approximately equal to the total amount of spent nuclear fuel that would have been shipped to Yucca Mountain . However , cities were still concerned about the transport of radioactive waste on highways and railroads that may have passed through heavily populated areas . Dr. Robert Halstead , who was a transportation adviser to the state of Nevada since 1988 , stated regarding transportation of the high level waste , `` They would heavily affect cities like Buffalo , Cleveland , Pittsburgh , in the Chicago metropolitan area , in Omaha . '' `` Coming out of the south , the heaviest impacts would be in Atlanta , in Nashville , St. Louis , Kansas City , moving across through Salt Lake City , through downtown Las Vegas , up to Yucca Mountain . And the same cities would be affected by rail shipments as well . '' Spencer Abraham ( DOE ) on the other hand has stated , `` I think there 's a general understanding that we move hazardous materials in this country , an understanding that the federal government knows how to do it safely . '' Cultural Impact ( edit ) Archaeological surveys have found evidence that Native Americans used the immediate vicinity of Yucca Mountain on a temporary or seasonal basis . Some Native Americans disagree with the conclusions of archaeological investigators that their ancestors were highly mobile groups of hunter - gatherers who occupied the Yucca Mountain area before Euroamericans began using the area for prospecting , surveying , and ranching . They believe that these conclusions overlook traditional accounts of farming that occurred before European contact . Yucca Mountain and surrounding lands were central in the lives of the Southern Paiute , Western Shoshone , and Owens Valley Paiute and Shoshone peoples , who shared them for religious ceremonies , resource uses , and social events . Delays since 2009 ( edit ) Starting in 2009 , the Obama administration attempted to close the Yucca Mountain repository , despite current US law that designates Yucca Mountain as the nation 's nuclear waste repository . The administration agency , DOE , began implementation of the President 's plan in May 2009 . The Nuclear Regulatory Commission also went along with the | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository&oldid=833298721 | 605,053,236,099,996,300 | <P> In the meantime , most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks . </P> | most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks | 605053236099996324_11 | false | In the United States, most nuclear power plants have turned to on-site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks. This method has been used since the early 1960s and has a safety record comparable to the worldwide experience of transporting spent nuclear fuel. However, there have been concerns about the transport of radioactive waste on highways and railroads that may pass through heavily populated areas. The Yucca Mountain repository has been central in the debate over nuclear waste storage, with the Obama administration attempting to close it despite current US law designating it as the nation's nuclear waste repository. The repository has faced delays since 2009, with the Department of Energy implementing the President's plan to close it. Additionally, the use of a rail corridor towards Yucca Mountain would have required permission from the Walker River Paiute Tribe and the Department of Defense due to the ownership of the proposed corridor. The cultural impact of the repository has also been a point of contention, with archaeological surveys finding evidence of Native American use of the area and disagreement over the conclusions of these investigations. The Yucca Mountain and surrounding lands were central in the lives of the Southern Paiute, Western Shoshone, and Owens Valley Paiute and Shoshone peoples, who shared them for religious ceremonies, resource uses, and social events. |
of the President 's plan in May 2009 . The Nuclear Regulatory Commission also went along with the administration 's closure plan . Various state and Congressional entities attempted to challenge the administration 's closure plans , by statute and in court . Most recently , in August 2013 , a US Court of Appeals decision told the NRC and the Obama administration that they must either `` approve or reject the Energy Department 's application for ( the ) never - completed waste storage site at Nevada 's Yucca Mountain . '' They can not simply make plans for its closure in violation of US law . In May 2009 , then United States Secretary of Energy Steven Chu stated : `` Yucca Mountain as a repository is off the table . What we 're going to be doing is saying , let 's step back . We realize that we know a lot more today than we did 25 or 30 years ago . The NRC is saying that the dry cask storage at current sites would be safe for many decades , so that gives us time to figure out what we should do for a long - term strategy . We will be assembling a blue - ribbon panel to look at the issue . We 're looking at reactors that have a high - energy neutron spectrum that can actually allow you to burn down the long - lived actinide waste . These are fast - neutron reactors . There 's others : a resurgence of hybrid solutions of fusion fission where the fusion would impart not only energy , but again creates high - energy neutrons that can burn down the long - lived actinides ... `` Some of the waste is already vitrified . There is , in my mind , no economical reason why you would ever think of pulling it back into a potential fuel cycle . So one could well imagine -- again , it depends on what the blue - ribbon panel says -- one could well imagine that for a certain classification for a certain type of waste , you do n't want to have access to it anymore , so that means you could use different sites than Yucca Mountain , such as salt domes . Once you put it in there , the salt oozes around it . These are geologically stable for a 50 to 100 million year time scale . The trouble with those type of places for repositories is you do n't have access to it anymore . But say for certain types of waste you do n't want to have access to it anymore -- that 's good . It 's a very natural containment ... whereas there would be other waste where you say it has some inherent value , let 's keep it around for a hundred years , two hundred years , because there 's a high likelihood we 'll come back to it and want to recover that . `` So the real thing is , let 's get some really wise heads together and figure out how you want to deal with the interim and long - term storage . Yucca was supposed to be everything to everybody , and I think , knowing what we know today , there 's going to have to be several regional areas . '' In 2008 , the U.S. Senate Committee on Environmental and Public Works found that failure to perform to contractual | [
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Chu also mentioned the possibility of using different sites, such as salt domes, for certain types of waste, as well as the use of on-site dry cask storage at current nuclear power plant sites. The U.S. Senate Committee on Environmental and Public Works found in 2008 that many nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on-site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks.
The debate over the storage of nuclear waste products continues, with the need for interim and long-term storage solutions being a key focus. The closure of the Yucca Mountain waste storage site has led to discussions about regional areas for waste storage and the potential use of different storage methods for different types of waste. The issue remains a complex and important one for the future of nuclear energy in the United States. |
Senate Committee on Environmental and Public Works found that failure to perform to contractual requirements could cost taxpayers up to $11 billion by 2020 . In 2013 this estimate of taxpayer liability was raised to $21 billion . In July 2009 , the House of Representatives voted 388 to 30 on amendments to HHR3183 ( Roll call vote 591 , via Clerk.House.gov ) to not defund the Yucca Mountain repository in the FY2010 budget . In 2013 , the House of Representatives voted twice during the 2014 Energy and Water Appropriations debate by over 80 % majority to reject elimination of Yucca Mountain as the nation 's only nuclear waste solution . On April 13 , 2010 , the state of Washington filed suit to prevent the closing of Yucca Mountain , since this would slow efforts to clean up Hanford Nuclear Reservation . South Carolina , Aiken County ( the location of Savannah River site ) and others joined Washington . The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit dismissed the suit in July 2011 , saying the Nuclear Regulatory Commission had not ruled on the withdrawal of the license application . Washington and South Carolina filed another lawsuit on July 29 . With $32 billion received from power companies to fund the project , and $12 billion spent to study and build it , the federal government had $27 billion left , including interest . In March 2012 , Senator Lindsey Graham introduced a bill requiring three - fourths of that money to be given back to customers , and the remainder to the companies for storage improvements . In August 2013 , the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia ordered the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to either `` approve or reject the Energy Department 's application for ( the ) never - completed waste storage site at Nevada 's Yucca Mountain . '' The court opinion said that the NRC was `` simply flouting the law '' in its previous action to allow the Obama administration to continue plans to close the proposed waste site since a federal law designating Yucca Mountain as the nation 's nuclear waste repository remains in effect . The court opinion stated that `` The president may not decline to follow a statutory mandate or prohibition simply because of policy objections . '' In response , NRC issued the final volumes of the Yucca Mountain Safety Evaluation Report ( SER ) , this presented the NRC staff 's statement that the site would meet all applicable standards . At the same time , the staff also stated that NRC should not authorize actual construction of the repository until the requirements for land and water rights were met and a supplement to DOE 's environmental impact statement ( EIS ) was finished . On March 3 , 2015 , NRC ordered the staff to complete the supplemental EIS and make the Yucca Mountain licensing document database publicly available , using all the remaining previously appropriated licensing funds . In March , 2015 the Nuclear Waste | [
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In the meantime, most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on-site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks. This method allows for the safe and secure storage of nuclear waste until a more permanent solution is established. The ongoing debate and legal battles surrounding the Yucca Mountain repository have led to the continued reliance on on-site storage as the primary method for managing nuclear waste in the US. |
the remaining previously appropriated licensing funds . In March , 2015 the Nuclear Waste Administration Act of 2015 ( S854 ) was introduced in the U.S. Senate . Its was intended to establish a fully independent Nuclear Waste Administration ( NWA ) which would develop nuclear waste storage and disposal facilities . Construction of such facilities would require the consent of the state , local , and tribal governments which may be affected . The NWA would be required to complete a mission plan to open a pilot storage facility by 2021 for nuclear waste from non-operating reactors and other `` emergency '' deliveries ( called `` priority waste '' ) . The goal would be to have a storage facility for waste from operating reactors or other `` non-priority waste '' available by 2025 , and an actual permanent repository by the end of 2048 . The current disposal limit of 70,000 metric tons for the nation 's initial permanent repository would be repealed . Any nuclear waste fees collected after S854 was enacted would be held in a newly established Working Capital Fund . The Nuclear Waste Administration would be allowed to draw from that fund any amounts needed to carry out S. 854 , unless limited by annual appropriations or authorizations . The Nuclear Waste Fund had $42.4 billion at the end of FY15 and $46.0 billion at the end of FY16 , projecting as of the mid-point of FY18 a balance of probably over $52 billion . See also ( edit ) Anti-nuclear movement in the United States Bullfrog County , Nevada Gudmundur S. ( Bo ) Bodvarsson High - level radioactive waste management Hui - Hai Liu Journey to the Safest Place on Earth List of nuclear waste treatment technologies Morris Operation Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository , Finland , the world 's first repository Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Yucca Mountain Johnny References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Nuclear waste repository safe for future generations '' . 1663 LANL Sci / Tech Maganize . December 2008 . Retrieved September 19 , 2010 . Jump up ^ https://www.congress.gov/112/plaws/publ10/PLAW-112publ10.pdf Jump up ^ http://lasvegassun.com/news/2012/mar/16/nye-county-sandoval-clash-over-future-yucca/ Jump up ^ `` GAO : Death of Yucca Mountain Caused by Political Maneuvering '' . New York Times . May 9 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' ( PDF ) . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on September 30 , 2011 . Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 16 . Jump up ^ Lee H. Hamilton , Brent Scowcroft ( January 2012 ) . `` Blue Ribbon Commission on America 's Nuclear Future Final Report '' ( PDF ) . Retrieved 2012 - 10 - 25 . Jump up ^ http://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/dept-of-energy-stops-work-on-deep-borehole-field-test-program Jump up ^ | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository&oldid=833298721 | 605,053,236,099,996,300 | <P> In the meantime , most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks . </P> | most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks | 605053236099996324_14 | false | In March 2015, the Nuclear Waste Administration Act of 2015 (S854) was introduced in the U.S. Senate. Its purpose was to establish a fully independent Nuclear Waste Administration (NWA) which would develop nuclear waste storage and disposal facilities. The NWA would be required to complete a mission plan to open a pilot storage facility by 2021 for nuclear waste from non-operating reactors and other "emergency" deliveries (called "priority waste"). The goal would be to have a storage facility for waste from operating reactors or other "non-priority waste" available by 2025, and an actual permanent repository by the end of 2048. The current disposal limit of 70,000 metric tons for the nation's initial permanent repository would be repealed. Any nuclear waste fees collected after S854 was enacted would be held in a newly established Working Capital Fund. The Nuclear Waste Administration would be allowed to draw from that fund any amounts needed to carry out S. 854, unless limited by annual appropriations or authorizations.
The Nuclear Waste Fund had $42.4 billion at the end of FY15 and $46.0 billion at the end of FY16, projecting as of the mid-point of FY18 a balance of probably over $52 billion. Most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on-site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks. |
Jump up ^ https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/politics-and-government/nevada/nuclear-agency-seeks-30m-for-yucca-mountain-licensing-review/ Jump up ^ https://www.exchangemonitor.com/190982-2/ Jump up ^ https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-06/congress-poised-to-skip-funding-yucca-nuke-dump-again-this-year ^ Jump up to : `` NRC : Locations of Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installations '' . U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission . October 15 , 2009 . Archived from the original on May 27 , 2010 . Retrieved 2010 - 07 - 13 . Jump up ^ `` What are spent nuclear fuel and high - level radioactive waste ? '' . Office of Civilian Radioactive ( OCRWM ) , U.S. Department of Energy . July 2007 . Archived from the original on June 14 , 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 08 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` Nuclear Waste Policy Act , as amended '' . Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management ( OCRWM ) , U.S. Department of Energy . March 2004 . Archived from the original on May 14 , 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 16 . Jump up ^ Culler , Floyd L. 1957 . Status report on the disposal of radioactive wastes . Oak Ridge , TN : Oak Ridge National Laboratory . Jump up ^ `` Faff and Fallout . '' The Economist 1 Aug 2015 : 23 . Print . Jump up ^ Michael J. Kolar ( August 15 , 2001 ) . `` Midweek Perspectives : Waste that wo n't go away '' . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Jump up ^ `` President Signs Yucca Mountain Bill '' . Office of the Press Secretary , White House . July 23 , 2002 . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 16 . Jump up ^ Lando , Ben ( December 4 , 2006 ) . `` Analysis : Reid 's Yucca and nuke waste plan '' . United Press International . Archived from the original on May 8 , 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` US election : Questioning the candidates '' . Nature . September 24 , 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 09 - 24 . Jump up ^ Ostendorff , Jon ( July 9 , 2010 ) . `` Shuler : Nuclear waste is not headed to Asheville area '' . Asheville Citizen - Times . Retrieved 2010 - 07 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` Bill to liquidate the Nuclear Waste Fund '' . World Nuclear News . April 27 , 2009 . Retrieved 2010 - 06 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` Court orders halt to nuclear waste fees '' . World Nuclear News . November 20 , 2013 . Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Delay on Yucca Mountain Waste Site Could Cost Taxpayers Billions '' . Associated Press . July 12 , 2004 . Archived from the original on October 18 , 2007 . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 16 . Jump up ^ https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/05/how-the-department-of-energy-became-a-major-taxpayer-liability.html Jump up ^ https://www.energy.gov/articles/us-department-energy-awards-contract-usa-repository-services-management-and-operating Jump up ^ ( http://www.eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2010/08/24/2/ ) Jump up ^ ( | [
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Jump up ^ ( http://www.eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2010/08/24/2/ ) Jump up ^ ( http://www.energy.gov/environment/ocrwm.htm ) Jump up ^ 10 CFR 63 . Jump up ^ Erin Neff ( April 16 , 2006 ) . `` Erin Neff : The arbitrary science of Yucca Mountain '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Jump up ^ Peterson , Per F. ( Fall 2003 ) . `` Will the United States Need a Second Geologic Repository ? '' . United States National Academy of Engineering . Archived from the original on March 21 , 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` References cited by U.S. Department of Energy for Yucca Mountain License Application '' . United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission . 2012 - 03 - 29 . Retrieved 2014 - 03 - 07 . Jump up ^ McCright , R. Daniel ( 1997 - 04 - 01 ) . `` Engineered Materials Characterization Report for the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project : Volume 3 Revision 1 '' ( PDF ) . Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory . Retrieved 2014 - 03 - 07 . Jump up ^ `` Who pays for Yucca Mountain ? '' . Yucca Mountain Repository , U.S. Dept. of Energy . Archived from the original on August 22 , 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 16 . Jump up ^ Castor , Stephen . `` Volcanic Rock Hosted Deposits in Northern Nevada '' . citeseerx.ist.psu.edu . University of Nevada Reno . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` Nuclear Waste : Technical , Schedule , and Cost Uncertainties of the Yucca Mountain Repository Project '' ( PDF ) . United States General Accounting Office . December 2001 . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` Analysis of the Total System Life Cycle Cost of the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Program '' ( PDF ) . OCRWM , DoE . May 2001 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2008 - 05 - 29 . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 16 . Jump up ^ Tetreault , Steve ( October 5 , 2007 ) . `` Agency studies nearly doubling nuclear waste capacity '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 16 . Jump up ^ Benjamin Grove ( March 6 , 2006 ) . `` Getting to the bottom of Yucca Mountain '' . Las Vegas Sun . ^ Jump up to : `` FY2010 Energy Budget Shuts Yucca Mountain Nuclear Dump '' . Environment News Service . May 8 , 2009 . Retrieved June 9 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Congressional Record -- House , March 8 , 2007 , page H2332 '' . United States Congress . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 26 . Jump up ^ Steve Tetreault ( 9 March 2012 ) . `` Nye officials give consent to burying nuke waste '' . Las Vegas Review Journal . Stephens Media LLC . Retrieved 22 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Environmental Protection Agency 's Proposed Rule on Repository for High - Level Radioactive Waste Would Seriously Undermine Public Health '' . Institute for Energy and Environmental Research ( IEER ) . August 9 , 2005 . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository&oldid=833298721 | 605,053,236,099,996,300 | <P> In the meantime , most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks . </P> | most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on - site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks | 605053236099996324_17 | false | The storage of nuclear waste in the United States is a topic of ongoing debate and controversy. Most nuclear power plants in the United States have resorted to the indefinite on-site dry cask storage of waste in steel and concrete casks. The Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository in Nevada was proposed as a long-term storage solution, but the project has faced significant opposition and has been the subject of legal battles and political disputes. The future of nuclear waste storage in the United States remains uncertain, with ongoing research and discussions about potential solutions. |