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By this period , Warhol was being criticized for becoming merely a " business artist . " |
Warhol also had an appreciation for intense Hollywood glamour . He once said : " I love Los Angeles . I love Hollywood . They 're so beautiful . Everything 's plastic , but I love plastic . I want to be plastic . " |
In 1984 Vanity Fair commissioned Warhol to produce a portrait of Prince ( musician ) | Prince , in order to accompany an article that celebrated the success of " Purple Rain ( album ) | Purple Rain " and Purple Rain ( film ) | its accompanying movie . |
In the " The Andy Warhol Diaries | Andy Warhol Diaries " , Warhol recorded how excited he was to see Prince and Billy Idol together at a party in the mid 1980s , and he compared them to the Hollywood movie stars of the 1950s and 1960s who also inspired his portraits : ... " |
Warhol died in Manhattan at 6 : 32 a.m. on February 22 , 1987 , at age 58 . According to news reports , he had been making a good recovery from gallbladder surgery at New York Hospital before dying in his sleep from a sudden post-operative cardiac arrhythmia | irregular heartbeat . |
Shortly before Warhol 's death , doctors expected Warhol to survive the surgery , though a re-evaluation of the case about thirty years after his death showed many indications that Warhol 's surgery was in fact riskier than originally thought . |
Warhol 's brothers took his body back to Pittsburgh , where an open-coffin Wake ( ceremony ) | wake was held at the Thomas P. Kunsak Funeral Home . The solid bronze casket had gold-plated rails and white upholstery . Warhol was dressed in a black cashmere suit , a paisley tie , a platinum wig , and sunglasses . He was laid out holding a small prayer book and a red rose . The funeral liturgy was held at the Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church ( Pittsburgh ) | Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church on Pittsburgh 's North Shore ( Pittsburgh ) | North Side . The eulogy was given by Monsignor Peter Tay . Yoko Ono and John Richardson ( art historian ) | John Richardson were speakers . The coffin was covered with white roses and Asparagus aethiopicus | asparagus ferns . After the liturgy , the coffin was driven to St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery in Bethel Park , Pennsylvania | Bethel Park , a south suburb of Pittsburgh.Wilson , Scott . " Resting Places : The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons " , 3d ed . : 2 ( Kindle Location 49627 ) . McFarland & amp ; Company , Inc . , Publishers . Kindle Edition . |
At the grave , the priest said a brief prayer and sprinkled holy water on the casket . Before the coffin was lowered , Paige Powell dropped a copy of " Interview " magazine , an " Interview " T-shirt , and a bottle of the Estée Lauder Companies | Estee Lauder perfume " Beautiful " into the grave . Warhol was buried next to his mother and father . A memorial service was held in Manhattan for Warhol on April 1 , 1987 , at St. Patrick 's Cathedral , New York . |
By the beginning of the 1960s , pop art was an experimental form that several artists were independently adopting ; some of these pioneers , such as Roy Lichtenstein , would later become synonymous with the movement . Warhol , who would become famous as the " Pope of Pop , " turned to this new style , where popular subjects could be part of the artist 's palette . His early paintings show images taken from cartoons and advertisements , hand-painted with paint drips . Marilyn Monroe was a pop art painting that Warhol had done and it was very popular . Those drips emulated the style of successful abstract expressionists ( such as Willem de Kooning ) . Warhol 's first pop art paintings were displayed in April 1961 , serving as the backdrop for New York Department Store Bonwit Teller 's window display . This was the same stage his Pop Art contemporaries Jasper Johns , James Rosenquist and Robert Rauschenberg had also once graced.Smith , Patrick S ( 1986 ) . " Andy Warhol 's Art and Films " ; UMI Research Press ; p.98 ; |
It was the gallerist Muriel Latow who came up with the ideas for both the soup cans and Warhol 's dollar paintings . On November 23 , 1961 , Warhol wrote Latow a check for $ 50 which , according to the 2009 Warhol biography , " Pop , The Genius of Warhol " , was payment for coming up with the idea of the soup cans as subject matter . For his first major exhibition , Warhol painted his famous cans of Campbell 's soup , which he claimed to have had for lunch for most of his life . A 1964 " Large Campbell 's Soup Can " was sold in a 2007 Sotheby 's auction to a South American collector for £ 5.1 million ( $ 7.4 million ) . " " , February 10 , 2016 |
He loved celebrity | celebrities , so he painted them as well . From these beginnings he developed his later style and subjects . Instead of working on a signature subject matter , as he started out to do , he worked more and more on a signature style , slowly eliminating the handmade from the artistic process . Warhol frequently used silk-screen ing ; his later drawings were traced from slide projections . At the height of his fame as a painter , Warhol had several assistants who produced his silk-screen multiples , following his directions to make different versions and variations.Colacello , Bob ( 1990 ) , p . 28 . |
In 1979 , Warhol was commissioned by BMW to paint a Group-4 race version of the then " elite supercar " BMW M1 for the fourth installment in the BMW Art Car Project . It was reported at the time that , unlike the three artists before him , Warhol opted to paint directly onto the automobile himself instead of letting technicians transfer his scale-model design to the car . , " Car Body Design " , March 27 , 2006 ( archived ) It was indicated that Warhol spent only a total of 23 minutes to paint the entire car . |
Warhol produced both comic and serious works ; his subject could be a soup can or an electric chair . Warhol used the same techniques - silkscreens , reproduced serially , and often painted with bright colors - whether he painted celebrities , everyday objects , or images of suicide , car crashes , and disasters , as in the 1962-63 " Death and Disaster " series . The " Death and Disaster " paintings included " Red Car Crash " , " Purple Jumping Man " , and " Orange Disaster . " One of these paintings , the diptych " Silver Car Crash " , became the highest priced work of his when it sold at Sotheby 's Contemporary Art Auction on Wednesday , November 13 , 2013 , for $ 105.4 million . |
Some of Warhol 's work , as well as his own personality , has been described as being Buster Keaton | Keatonesque . Warhol has been described as playing dumb to the media . He sometimes refused to explain his work . He has suggested that all one needs to know about his work is " already there ' on the surface ' . " |
His Rorschach test | Rorschach inkblots are intended as pop comments on art and what art could be . His cow wallpaper ( literally , wallpaper with a cow Motif ( visual arts ) | motif ) and his redox | oxidation paintings ( canvases prepared with copper paint that was then oxidized with urine ) are also noteworthy in this context . Equally noteworthy is the way these works - and their means of production - mirrored the atmosphere at Andy 's New York " Factory . " Biographer Bob Colacello provides some details on Andy 's " piss paintings " : |
Warhol 's first portrait of " Basquiat " ( 1982 ) is a black photo-silkscreen over an oxidized copper " piss painting . " |
After many years of silkscreen , oxidation , photography , etc . , Warhol returned to painting with a brush in hand in a series of more than 50 large collaborative works done with Jean-Michel Basquiat between 1984 and 1986.Chiappini , Rudi ( ed . ) , " Jean-Michel Basquiat " . Museo d 'Arte Moderna / Skira , 2005.Fairbrother , Trevor . " Double Feature - Collaborative Paintings , Andy Warhol , Jean-Michel Basquiat , " " Art in America " , September 1969 . Despite negative criticism when these were first shown , Warhol called some of them " masterpieces , " and they were influential for his later work.Fretz , Eric , " Jean-Michel Basquiat : A Biography " . Greenwood Press , 2010 . . |
Andy Warhol was commissioned in 1984 by collector and gallerist Alexander Iolas to produce work based on Leonardo da Vinci ' s " The Last Supper ( Leonardo ) | The Last Supper " for an exhibition at the old refectory of the Palazzo delle Stelline in Milan , opposite from the Santa Maria delle Grazie ( Milan ) | Santa Maria delle Grazie where Leonardo da Vinci 's mural can be seen.Claudia Schmuckli , , The Andy Warhol Museum . Retrieved September 21 , 2014 . |
The Milan exhibition that opened in January 1987 with a set of 22 silk-screens , was the last exhibition for both the artist and the gallerist.Court dispute over Alexander Iolas ' estate : , ArtNet , 1999 . It is the largest series of religious-themed works by any U.S. artist . |
Artist Maurizio Cattelan describes that it is difficult to separate daily encounters from the art of Andy Warhol : " That 's probably the greatest thing about Warhol : the way he penetrated and summarized our world , to the point that distinguishing between him and our everyday life is basically impossible , and in any case useless . " Warhol was an inspiration towards Cattelan 's magazine and photography compilations , such as " Permanent Food , Charley " , and " Toilet Paper " .Spector , Nancy . " Maurizio Cattelan : All " . New York , NY : Guggenheim Museum Publications , 2011 |
In the period just before his death , Warhol was working on " Cars ( painting ) | Cars " , a series of paintings for Mercedes-Benz . |
A self-portrait by Andy Warhol ( 1963-64 ) , which sold in New York at the May Post-War and Contemporary evening sale in Christie 's , fetched $ 38.4 million . |
On May 9 , 2012 , his classic painting " Double Elvis ( Ferus Type ) " sold at auction at Sotheby 's in New York for US $ 33 million . With commission , the sale price totaled US $ 37,042,500 , short of the $ 50 million that Sotheby 's had predicted the painting might bring . The piece ( silkscreen ink and spray paint on canvas ) shows Elvis Presley in a gunslinger pose . It was first exhibited in 1963 at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles . Warhol made 22 versions of the " Double Elvis " , nine of which are held in museums . |
In November 2013 , his " Silver Car Crash ( Double Disaster ) " diptych sold at Sotheby 's Contemporary Art Auction for $ 105.4 million , a new record for the pop artist ( pre-auction estimates were at $ 80 million ) . |
Warhol worked across a wide range of media - painting , photography , drawing , and sculpture . In addition , he was a highly prolific filmmaker . Between 1963 and 1968 , he made more than 60 films , |
" Batman Dracula " is a 1964 film that was produced and directed by Warhol , without the permission of DC Comics . It was screened only at his art exhibits . A fan of the " Batman " series , Warhol 's movie was an " homage " to the series , and is considered the first appearance of a blatantly Camp ( style ) | campy Batman . The film was until recently thought to have been lost , until scenes from the picture were shown at some length in the 2006 documentary " Jack Smith and the Destruction of Atlantis " . |
Warhol 's 1965 film " Vinyl ( 1965 film ) | Vinyl " is an adaptation of Anthony Burgess ' popular dystopia n novel " A Clockwork Orange ( novel ) | A Clockwork Orange " . Others record improvised encounters between Factory regulars such as Brigid Berlin , Viva ( actress ) | Viva , Edie Sedgwick , Candy Darling , Holly Woodlawn , Ondine ( actor ) | Ondine , Nico , and Jackie Curtis . Legendary underground artist Jack Smith ( film director ) | Jack Smith appears in the film " Camp " . |
His most popular and critically successful film was " Chelsea Girls " ( 1966 ) . The film was highly innovative in that it consisted of two 16 mm film | 16 mm -films being projected simultaneously , with two different stories being shown in tandem . From the projection booth , the sound would be raised for one film to elucidate that " story " while it was lowered for the other . The multiplication of images evoked Warhol 's seminal silk-screen works of the early 1960s . |
Warhol was a fan of filmmaker Radley Metzger The film , a seminal film in the Golden Age of Porn , was , at the time , controversial for its frank approach to a sexual encounter . { { cite web | last = Comenas | first = Gary | title = Blue Movie ( 1968 ) |
In the wake of the 1968 shooting , a reclusive Warhol relinquished his personal involvement in filmmaking . His acolyte and assistant director , Paul Morrissey , took over the film-making chores for the Factory collective , steering Warhol-branded cinema towards more mainstream , narrative-based , B-movie exploitation film | exploitation fare with " Flesh ( 1968 film ) | Flesh " , " Trash ( 1970 film ) | Trash " , and " Heat ( 1972 film ) | Heat " . All of these films , including the later " Blood for Dracula | Andy Warhol 's Dracula " and " Flesh for Frankenstein | Andy Warhol 's Frankenstein " , were far more mainstream than anything Warhol as a director had attempted . These latter " Warhol " films starred Joe Dallesandro - more of a Morrissey star than a true Warhol superstar . |
In the early 1970s , most of the films directed by Warhol were pulled out of circulation by Warhol and the people around him who ran his business . After Warhol 's death , the films were slowly restored by the Whitney Museum and are occasionally projected at museums and film festivals . Few of the Warhol-directed films are available on video or DVD . |
In the mid-1960s , Warhol adopted the band the Velvet Underground , making them a crucial element of the Exploding Plastic Inevitable multimedia performance art show . Warhol , with Paul Morrissey , acted as the band 's manager , introducing them to Nico ( who would perform with the band at Warhol 's request ) . While managing The Velvet Underground , Andy would have them dressed in all black to perform in front of movies that he was also presenting . |
Warhol designed many album covers for various artists starting with the photographic cover of John Wallowitch ' s debut album , " This Is John Wallowitch ! ! ! " ( 1964 ) . He designed the cover art for The Rolling Stones ' albums " Sticky Fingers " ( 1971 ) and " Love You Live " ( 1977 ) , and the John Cale albums " The Academy in Peril " ( 1972 ) and " Honi Soit ( album ) | Honi Soit " in 1981 . One of Warhol 's last works was a portrait of Aretha Franklin for the cover of her 1986 Music recording sales certification | gold album " Aretha ( 1986 album ) | Aretha " , which was done in the style of the " Reigning Queens " series he had completed the year before . |
Warhol strongly influenced the New wave music | new wave / punk rock band Devo , as well as David Bowie . Bowie recorded a song called " Andy Warhol ( David Bowie song ) | Andy Warhol " for his 1971 album " Hunky Dory " . Lou Reed wrote the song " Andy 's Chest , " about Valerie Solanas , the woman who shot Warhol , in 1968 . He recorded it with the Velvet Underground , and this version was released on the " VU ( album ) | VU " album in 1985 . Bowie would later play Warhol in the 1996 movie , " Basquiat ( film ) | Basquiat " . Bowie recalled how meeting Warhol in real life helped him in the role , and recounted his early meetings with him : |
Beginning in the early 1950s , Warhol produced several unbound portfolios of his work . |
The first of several bound self-published books by Warhol was " 25 Cats Name Sam and One Blue Pussy " , printed in 1954 by Seymour Berlin on Arches brand watermarked paper using his blotted line technique for the lithographs . The original edition was limited to 190 numbered , hand colored copies , using Dr. Martin 's ink washes . Most of these were given by Warhol as gifts to clients and friends . Copy No. 4 , inscribed " Jerry " on the front cover and given to Geraldine Stutz , was used for a facsimile printing in 1987 , and the original was auctioned in May 2006 for US $ 35,000 by Doyle New York .. Retrieved August 14 , 2006 . |
Other self-published books by Warhol include : |
Warhol 's book " A La Recherche du Shoe Perdu " ( 1955 ) marked his " transition from commercial to gallery artist . " |
After gaining fame , Warhol " wrote " several books that were commercially published : |
Warhol created the fashion magazine " Interview ( magazine ) | Interview " that is still published today . The loopy title script on the cover is thought to be either his own handwriting or that of his mother , Julia Warhola , who would often do text work for his early commercial pieces.Colacello , Bob ( 1990 ) , pp. 22-23 . |
Although Andy Warhol is most known for his paintings and films , he authored works in many different media . |
He founded the gossip magazine " Interview ( magazine ) | Interview " , a stage for celebrities he " endorsed " and a business staffed by his friends . He collaborated with others on all of his books ( some of which were written with Pat Hackett . ) He adopted the young painter Jean-Michel Basquiat , and the band The Velvet Underground , presenting them to the public as his latest interest , and collaborating with them . One might even say that he produced people ( as in the Warholian " Superstar " and the Warholian portrait ) . He endorsed products , appeared in commercials , and made frequent celebrity guest appearances on television shows and in films ( he appeared in everything from " Love Boat " ) . |
In this respect Warhol was a fan of " Art Business " and " Business Art " - he , in fact , wrote about his interest in thinking about art as business in " The Philosophy of Andy Warhol from A to B and Back Again " . |
Warhol was homosexual .See biographers such as Victor Bockris and art historian |
The fact that Warhol 's homosexuality influenced his work and shaped his relationship to the art world is a major subject of scholarship on the artist and is an issue that Warhol himself addressed in interviews , in conversation with his contemporaries , and in his publications ( " e.g. " , " Popism : The Warhol 1960s " ) . Throughout his career , Warhol produced erotic photography and drawings of male nudes . Many of his most famous works ( portraits of Liza Minnelli , Judy Garland , and Elizabeth Taylor , and films such as " Blow Job ( film ) | Blow Job " , " My Hustler " and " Lonesome Cowboys ( 1968 film ) | Lonesome Cowboys " ) draw from gay underground culture or openly explore the complexity of sexuality and desire . As has been addressed by a range of scholars , many of his films premiered in gay porn theaters , including the New Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre and 55th Street Playhouse , in the late 1960s . |
The first works that Warhol submitted to a fine art gallery , homoerotic drawings of male nudes , were rejected for being too openly gay . |
Warhol was a practicing Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church | Ruthenian Catholic . He regularly volunteered at homeless shelter s in New York City , particularly during the busier times of the year , and described himself as a religious person . |
During his life , Warhol regularly attended Mass ( liturgy ) | Liturgy , and the priest at Warhol 's church , Church of St. Vincent Ferrer ( New York ) | Saint Vincent Ferrer , said that the artist went there almost daily , |
His art is noticeably influenced by the Eastern Christian tradition which was so evident in his places of worship . |
Warhol 's brother has described the artist as " really religious , but he didn 't want people to know about that because [ it was ] private . " Despite the private nature of his faith , in Warhol 's eulogy John Richardson ( art historian ) | John Richardson depicted it as devout : " To my certain knowledge , he was responsible for at least one Conversion to Christianity | conversion . He took considerable pride in financing his nephew 's studies for the priesthood . " |
Warhol was an avid collector . His friends referred to his numerous collections , which filled not only his four-story townhouse , but also a nearby storage unit , as " Andy 's Stuff . " The true extent of his collections was not discovered until after his death , when The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh took in 641 boxes of his " Stuff . " |
Warhol 's collections included a Coca-Cola memorabilia sign , and 19th century paintings One of his main collections was his wig s . Warhol owned more than 40 and felt very protective of his hairpieces , which were sewn by a New York wig-maker from hair imported from Italy . In 1985 a girl snatched Warhol 's wig off his head . It was later discovered in Warhol 's diary entry for that day that he wrote : " I don 't know what held me back from pushing her over the balcony . " |
In 1960 , he had bought a drawing of a light bulb by Jasper Johns . |
Another item found in Warhol 's boxes at the museum in Pittsburgh was a mummy | mummified human foot from Ancient Egypt . The curator of anthropology at Carnegie Museum of Natural History felt that Warhol most likely found it at a flea market . |
Image : New York Times Advertisement - April 17th , 1955 for I. Miller Shoes , Illustration Andy Warhol.jpg | " I. Miller Shoes " , April 17 , 1955 , illustration in New York Times |
Image : Exploding Plastic Inevitable.png | " Exploding Plastic Inevitable ' ( show ) - the Velvet Underground & amp ; Nico " , 1966 , poster |
Image : The Souper Dress , American paper dress , 1967.jpg | " The Souper Dress " , 1967 , screen-printed paper dress based on Warhol 's Campbell 's Soup Cans |
Image : Salle Andy Warhol ( Hamburger Bahnhof , Berlin ) ( 6343757828 ) .jpg | " Portrait of Mao Zedong " , 1972 , synthetic polymer paint and silkscreen ink on canvas |
Image : Farah Pahlavi and Andy Warhol in Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art , 1977.jpg | photo of Warhol and Farah Pahlavi , 1977 , with works of Warhol on the walls of the Tehran museum |
Image : Warhol7.JPG | " BMW Group - 4 M1 " , 1979 , painted car |
Among Warhol 's early collectors and influential supporters were Miller Company Collection of Abstract Art | Emily and Burton Tremaine . Among the over 15 artworks purchased , ( n. d . ) . . Retrieved April 1 , 2020. were purchased directly out of Warhol 's studio in 1962 . One Christmas , Warhol left a small " Head of Marilyn Monroe " by the Tremaine 's door at their New York apartment in gratitude for their support and encouragement.Housley , Kathleen L. ( 2001 ) . " Emily Hall Tremaine : Collector on the cusp " , ( p . 160 ) . Emily Hall Tremaine Foundation : Meriden , CT . Retrieved April 1 , 2020 . |
Warhol 's will dictated that his entire estate - with the exception of a few modest legacies to family members - would go to create a foundation dedicated to the " advancement of the visual arts . " Warhol had so many possessions that it took Sotheby 's nine days to auction his estate after his death ; the auction grossed more than US $ 20 million . |
In 1987 , in accordance with Warhol 's will , the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts began . The foundation serves as the estate of Andy Warhol , but also has a mission " to foster innovative artistic expression and the creative process " and is " focused primarily on supporting work of a challenging and often experimental nature . " |
The Artists Rights Society is the U.S. copyright representative for the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts for all Warhol works with the exception of Warhol film stills . |
The Andy Warhol Foundation released its " 20th Anniversary Annual Report " as a three-volume set in 2007 : Vol . I , 1987-2007 ; Vol . II , Grants & amp ; Exhibitions ; and Vol . III , Legacy Program . |
Many of Warhol 's works and possessions are on display at The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh . The foundation donated more than 3,000 works of art to the museum . |
Warhol appeared as himself in the film " Cocaine Cowboys ( 1979 film ) | Cocaine Cowboys " ( 1979 ) and in the film " Tootsie " ( 1982 ) . |
After his death , Warhol was portrayed by Crispin Glover in Oliver Stone ' s film " The Doors ( film ) | The Doors " ( 1991 ) , by David Bowie in Julian Schnabel ' s film " Basquiat ( film ) | Basquiat " ( 1996 ) , and by Jared Harris in Mary Harron ' s film " I Shot Andy Warhol " ( 1996 ) . Warhol appears as a character in Michael Daugherty ' s opera " Jackie O ( the opera ) | Jackie O " ( 1997 ) . Actor Mark Bringleson makes a brief cameo as Warhol in " Austin Powers : International Man of Mystery " ( 1997 ) . Many films by avant-garde cineast Jonas Mekas have caught the moments of Warhol 's life . Sean Gregory Sullivan depicted Warhol in the film " 54 ( film ) | 54 " ( 1998 ) . Guy Pearce portrayed Warhol in the film " Factory Girl ( 2006 film ) | Factory Girl " ( 2007 ) about Edie Sedgwick ' s life . Actor Greg Travis portrays Warhol in a brief scene from the film " Watchmen ( film ) | Watchmen " ( 2009 ) . |
In the movie " Highway to Hell ( film ) | Highway to Hell " a group of Andy Warhols are part of the " Good Intentions Paving Company " where good-intentioned souls are ground into road surface | pavement . In the film " Men in Black 3 " ( 2012 ) Andy Warhol turns out to really be undercover MIB Agent W ( played by Bill Hader ) . Warhol is throwing a party at The Factory in 1969 , where he is looked up by MIB Agents K and J ( J from the future ) . Agent W is desperate to end his undercover job ( " I 'm so out of ideas I 'm painting soup cans and bananas , for Christ sakes ! , " " You gotta fake my death , okay ? I can 't listen to sitar music anymore . " and " I can 't tell the girls from the boys . " ) . |
Andy Warhol ( portrayed by Tom Meeten ) is one of main characters of the 2012 British television show " Noel Fielding 's Luxury Comedy " . The character is portrayed as having robot-like mannerisms . In the 2017 feature " Billionaire Boys Club ( 2017 film ) | The Billionaire Boys Club " Cary Elwes portrays Warhol in a film based on the true story about Ron Levin ( portrayed by Kevin Spacey ) a friend of Warhol 's who was murdered in 1986 . " The Andy Warhol Diaries " ( 1989 , |
Warhol appeared as a recurring character in TV series " Vinyl ( TV series ) | Vinyl " , played by John Cameron Mitchell . Warhol was portrayed by Evan Peters in the " American Horror Story : Cult " episode " Valerie Solanas Died for Your Sins : Scumbag . " The episode depicts the attempted assassination of Warhol by Valerie Solanas ( Lena Dunham ) . |
In early 1969 , Andy Warhol was commissioned by Braniff International Airways | Braniff International to appear in two television commercials to promote the luxury Airline 's new When You Got It - Flaunt It Campaign . The campaign was created by Braniff 's new advertising agency Lois Holland Calloway , which was led by famed advertiser George Lois , creator of a famed series of Esquire Magazine covers . The first commercial series involved pairing the most unlikely people but who shared the fact that they both flew Braniff Airways . Mr. Warhol was paired with boxing legend Sonny Liston . The odd commercial worked as did the others that featured unlikely fellow travelers such as painter Salvador Dali and baseball legend Whitey Ford . |
Two additional commercials for Braniff were created that featured famous persons entering a Braniff jet and being greeted a Braniff Hostess while espousing their like for flying Braniff . Mr. Warhol was also featured in the first of these commercials that were also produced by Mr. Lois and were released in the summer of 1969 . Mr. Lois has incorrectly stated that he was commissioned by Braniff in 1967 for representation during that year but at that time Madison Avenue advertising doyenne Mary Wells Lawrence , who was married to Braniff 's charismatic Chairman and President Harding Lawrence , was representing the Dallas-based carrier at that time . Mr. Lois succeeded Wells Rich Greene Agency on December 1 , 1968 . The rights to Mr. Warhol 's films for Braniff and his signed contracts are owned by a private Trust and are administered by Braniff Airways Foundation in Dallas , Texas . |
In 2002 , the U.S. Postal Service issued an 18-cent stamp commemorating Warhol . Designed by Richard Sheaff of Scottsdale , Arizona , the stamp was unveiled at a ceremony at The Andy Warhol Museum and features Warhol 's painting " Self-Portrait , 1964 . " |
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ABBA ! -- DO " not " INSERT THE CARRIER BACKWARDS B STYLE IN THE LEAD PARAGRAPH . THE STYLE HAS ALREADY BEEN PROVIDED FOR THE ARTICLE AS A LOGO.-- ( ) are a Swedish pop Supergroup ( music ) | supergroup formed in Stockholm in 1972 by Agnetha Fältskog , Björn Ulvaeus , Benny Andersson , and Anni-Frid Lyngstad . The group 's name is an acronym of the first letters of their first names . They became one of the List of best-selling music artists | most commercially successful acts in the history of popular music , topping the charts worldwide from 1974 to 1982 . ABBA won the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 , giving Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest | Sweden its first triumph in the contest . They are the most successful group to have taken part in the competition . |
During the band 's main active years , it was composed of two married couples : Fältskog and Ulvaeus , and Lyngstad and Andersson . With the increase of their popularity , their personal lives suffered , which eventually resulted in the collapse of both marriages . The relationship changes were reflected in the group 's music , with latter compositions featuring darker and more introspective lyrics . " was released , which became a worldwide bestseller . |
In 1999 , ABBA 's music was adapted into the successful musical " Mamma Mia ! " that toured worldwide . Mamma Mia ! ( film ) | A film of the same name , released in 2008 , became the highest-grossing film in the United Kingdom that year . A sequel , " Mamma Mia ! Here We Go Again " , was released in 2018 . That same year it was announced that the band had recorded two new songs after 35 years of being inactive . |
Estimates of ABBA 's total record sales are over 380 million , |
Benny Andersson ( born 16 December 1946 in Stockholm , Sweden ) became ( at age 18 ) a member of a popular Swedish pop-rock group , the Hep Stars , that performed covers , amongst other things , of international hits . Andersson also had a fruitful songwriting collaboration with Lasse Berghagen , with whom he wrote his first Svensktoppen entry , " Sagan om lilla Sofie " ( " The Story of Little Sophie " ) in 1968 . |
Björn Ulvaeus ( born 25 April 1945 in Gothenburg , Sweden ) also began his musical career at the age of 18 ( as a singer and guitarist ) , when he fronted the Hootenanny Singers , a popular Swedish folk music | folk - skiffle group . Ulvaeus started writing English-language songs for his group , and even had a brief solo career alongside . The Hootenanny Singers and the Hep Stars sometimes crossed paths while touring . In June 1966 , Ulvaeus and Andersson decided to write a song together . Their first attempt was " Isn 't It Easy to Say , " a song later recorded by the Hep Stars . Stig Anderson was the manager of the Hootenanny Singers and founder of the Polar Music label . He saw potential in the collaboration , and encouraged them to write more . The two also began playing occasionally with the other 's bands on stage and on record , although it was not until 1969 that the pair wrote and produced some of their first real hits together : " Ljuva sextital " ( " Sweet Sixties " ) , recorded by Brita Borg , and the Hep Stars ' 1969 hit " Speleman " ( " Fiddler " ) . |
Andersson wrote and submitted the song " Hej , Clown " for Melodifestivalen 1969 , the national festival to select the Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest | Swedish entry to the Eurovision Song Contest . On that occasion Andersson briefly met his future spouse , singer Anni-Frid Lyngstad , who also participated in the contest . A month later , the two had become a couple . As their respective bands began to break up during 1969 , Andersson and Ulvaeus teamed up and recorded their first album together in 1970 , called " Lycka " ( " Happiness " ) , which included original songs sung by both men . Their partners were often present in the recording studio , and sometimes added backing vocals ; Fältskog even co-wrote a song with the two . Ulvaeus still occasionally recorded and performed with the Hootenanny Singers until the middle of 1974 , and Andersson took part in producing their records . |
Agnetha Fältskog ( born 5 April 1950 in Jönköping , Sweden ) sang with a local dance band headed by Bernt Enghardt who sent a demo recording of the band to Karl Gerhard Lundkvist . The demo tape featured a song written and sung by Agnetha : " Jag var så kär " ( " I Was So in Love " ) . Lundkvist was so impressed with her voice that he was convinced she would be a star . After going through considerable effort to locate the singer , he arranged for Agnetha to come to Stockholm and to record two of her own songs . This led to Agnetha at the age of 18 having a number-one record in Sweden with a self-composed song , which later went on to sell over 80,000 copies . She was soon noticed by the critics and songwriters as a talented singer / songwriter of schlager music | schlager style songs . Fältskog 's main inspiration in her early years were singers such as Connie Francis . Along with her own compositions , she recorded Cover version | covers of foreign hits and performed them on tours in Swedish folkpark s . Most of her biggest hits were self-composed , which was quite unusual for a female singer in the 1960s . Agnetha released four solo LPs between 1968 and 1971 . She had many successful singles in the Swedish charts . |
During filming of a Swedish TV special in May 1969 , Fältskog met Ulvaeus and they married on 6 July 1971 . Fältskog and Ulvaeus eventually were involved in each other 's recording sessions , |
Anni-Frid Lyngstad | Anni-Frid " Frida " Lyngstad ( born 15 November 1945 in Bjørkåsen in Ballangen , Norway ) sang from the age of 13 with various dance bands , and worked mainly in a jazz-oriented cabaret style . She also formed her own band , the Anni-Frid Four . In the middle of 1967 , she won a national talent competition with " En ledig dag " ( " A Day Off " ) a Swedish version of the bossa nova song " A Day in Portofino , " which is included in the EMI compilation " Frida 1967-1972 " . The first prize was a recording contract with EMI Sweden and to perform live on the most popular TV shows in the country . This TV performance , amongst many others , is included in the 3-hour documentary " Frida - The DVD " . Lyngstad released several schlager style singles on EMI without much success . When Benny Andersson started to produce her recordings in 1971 , she had her first number-one single , " Min egen stad " ( " My Own Town " ) , written by Benny and featuring all the future ABBA members on backing vocals . Lyngstad toured and performed regularly in the folkpark circuit and made appearances on radio and TV . She met Ulvaeus briefly in 1963 during a talent contest , and Fältskog during a TV show in early 1968 . |
Lyngstad linked up with her future bandmates in 1969 . On 1 March 1969 , she participated in the Melodifestival , where she met Andersson for the first time . A few weeks later they met again during a concert tour in southern Sweden and they soon became a couple . Andersson produced her single " Peter Pan " in September 1969 - her first collaboration with Benny & amp ; Björn , as they had written the song . Andersson would then produce Lyngstad 's debut studio album , " Frida ( album ) | Frida " , which was released in March 1971 . Lyngstad also played in several revues and cabaret shows in Stockholm between 1969 and 1973 . After ABBA formed , she recorded another successful album in 1975 , " Frida ensam " , which included a Swedish rendition of " Fernando ( song ) | Fernando , " a hit on the Swedish radio charts before the English version was released . |
An attempt at combining their talents occurred in April 1970 when the two couples went on holiday together to the island of Cyprus . What started as singing for fun on the beach ended up as an improvised live performance in front of the United Nations soldiers stationed on the island . Andersson and Ulvaeus were at this time recording their first album together , " Lycka " , which was to be released in September 1970 . Fältskog and Lyngstad added backing vocals on several tracks during June , and the idea of their working together saw them launch a stage act , " Festfolket " ( which translates from Swedish to " Party People " ) , on 1 November 1970 in Gothenburg . |
The cabaret show attracted generally negative reviews , except for the performance of the Andersson and Ulvaeus hit " Hej , gamle man " ( " Hello , Old Man " ) -the first Björn and Benny recording to feature all four . They also performed solo numbers from respective albums , but the lukewarm reception convinced the foursome to shelve plans for working together for the time being , and each soon concentrated on individual projects again . |
It was during 1971 that the four artists began working together more , adding vocals to the others ' recordings . Fältskog , Andersson and Ulvaeus toured together in May , while Lyngstad toured on her own . Frequent recording sessions brought the foursome closer together during the summer . |
After the 1970 release of " Lycka " , two more singles credited to " Björn & amp ; Benny " were released in Sweden , " Det kan ingen doktor hjälpa " ( " No Doctor Can Help with That " ) and " Tänk om jorden vore ung " ( " Imagine If Earth Was Young " ) , with more prominent vocals by Fältskog and Lyngstad-and moderate chart success . |
Fältskog and Ulvaeus , now married , started performing together with Andersson on a regular basis at the Swedish folkparks in the middle of 1971 . |
Stig Anderson , founder and owner of Polar Music , was determined to break into the mainstream international market with music by Andersson and Ulvaeus . " One day the pair of you will write a song that becomes a worldwide hit , " he predicted . |
The first signs of foreign success came as a surprise , as the Andersson and Ulvaeus single " She 's My Kind of Girl " was released through Epic Records in Japan in March 1972 , giving the duo a Top 10 hit . |
Ulvaeus and Andersson persevered with their songwriting and experimented with new sounds and vocal arrangements . " People Need Love " was released in June 1972 , featuring guest vocals by the women , who were now given much greater prominence . Stig Anderson released it as a single , credited to " Björn & amp ; Benny , Agnetha & amp ; Anni-Frid " . The song peaked at number 17 in the Swedish combined single and album charts , enough to convince them they were on to something . The single also became the first record to chart for the quartet in the United States , where it peaked at number 114 on the " Cashbox ( magazine ) | Cashbox " singles chart and number 117 on the " Record World " singles chart . Labeled as " Björn & amp ; Benny ( with Svenska Flicka ) " , it was released there through Playboy Records . However , according to Stig Anderson , " People Need Love " could have been a much bigger American hit , but a small label like Playboy Records did not have the distribution resources to meet the demand for the single from retailers and radio programmers.Interview with " Songwriter " magazine , 6 , 1981 , pp.23-25 . |
In 1973 , the band and their manager Stig Anderson decided to have another try at Melodifestivalen , this time with the song " Ring Ring ( ABBA song ) | Ring Ring . " |
When Agnetha Fältskog gave birth to her daughter Linda in 1973 , she was replaced for a short period by Inger Brundin on a trip to West Germany . |
In 1973 , Stig Anderson , tired of unwieldy names , started to refer to the group privately and publicly as ABBA ( a palindrome ) . At first , this was a play on words , as Abba Seafood | Abba is also the name of a well-known fish-canning company in Sweden , and itself an abbreviation . However , since the fish-canners were unknown outside Sweden , Anderson came to believe the name would work in international markets . A competition to find a suitable name for the group was held in a Gothenburg newspaper and it was officially announced in the summer that the group were to be known as " ABBA . " The group negotiated with the canners for the rights to the name . |