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Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Safety profile and tolerability of up to 1 year of pregabalin treatment in 3 open-label extension studies in patients with fibromyalgia. Pain relief and an acceptable safety profile have been reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pregabalin in the treatment of fibromyalgia (FM) for up to 14 weeks. To evaluate the safety profile and tolerability of pregabalin (75-300 mg BID) treatment for up to 1 year in patients with FM. Twelve-week data were pooled from 3 open-label extension studies of pivotal RCTs. Study 1 was a 1-year extension of a 13-week RCT, and studies 2 and 3 were 12-week extensions of 14-week RCTs. The 1-year data were separately evaluated. The open-label data are summarized using descriptive statistics. Overall, 1206 patients (92.4% female) with a mean (SD) age of 48.8 (10.7) years received open-label extended pregabalin treatment. A total of 119 of 1206 patients (9.9%) permanently discontinued study participation due to treatment-emergent adverse events (all causality) at 12 weeks (pooled data) and 53 of 429 (12.4%) within 1 year. Consistent with previous RCTs, the most commonly reported treatment-emergent adverse events with open-label pregabalin treatment were dizziness, somnolence, headache, peripheral edema, and increased weight. The highest incidence rates in the pooled 12-week data were for dizziness (214 of 1206; 17.7%) and somnolence (96 of 1206; 8.0%). In ratings of severity (mild, moderate, severe), most were reported as mild to moderate. The mean (SD) change in patient-reported visual analog scale pain scores (0-100) from the open-label baseline to the end of treatment was -21 (30.5) in study 1 (1 year), -26.7 (28.8) in study 2 (12 weeks), and -20.1 (26.8) in study 3 (12 weeks). The data from these extension studies suggest that the adverse event safety profile and tolerability of patients with FM treated with open-label pregabalin (75-300 mg BID) for up to 1 year were stable and were consistent with those of previous studies. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00151528 (A0081057 [study 1]), NCT00282997 (A0081078 [study 2]), and NCT00346034 (A0081101 [study 3]). Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Fibromyalgia', 'interventions': 'Drug: Pregabalin'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Memantine versus donepezil in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized trial with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To compare memantine with the most prescribed cholinesterase inhibitor (donepezil) from a clinical viewpoint when administered in early phases of Alzheimer disease (AD), and to find out whether memantine may produce changes in brain metabolite concentrations in comparison with donepezil. In this comparative rater-blinded parallel group randomized trial we recruited a consecutive sample of patients with probable mild to moderate AD. At baseline we carried out neuropsychological assessment with mini-mental, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), Blessed Dementia Rating Scale, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive part (ADAS-cog), neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), and disability assessment for dementia (DAD), as well as (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in several areas of the brain. Patients were randomized to receive either donepezil or memantine for 6 months. After this elapse of time we repeated the same procedures and observed the changes in clinical scales (ADAS-cog, NPI, DAD), as well as the changes in metabolite levels in every area of exploration (temporal, pre-frontal, posterior cingulated (PCG), and occipital), especially those of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) which is regarded as a surrogate marker of neuronal density. A total of sixty-three patients completed the trial. We did not see significant differences in clinical scales and metabolite levels between those on donepezil (n = 32) and those on memantine (n = 31). In general, more patients worsened than improved on either of the drugs. The changes in the NAA/creatine ratio in the PCG correlated significantly with the changes in the ADAS-cog (P = 0.004). Donepezil and memantine have similar modest clinical and spectroscopic effect on mild to moderate AD. MRS could be useful to monitor progression of the disease. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Dementia, Alzheimer Type', 'interventions': 'Drug: Memantine|Drug: Donepezil'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Low and moderate-fat plant sterol fortified soymilk in modulation of plasma lipids and cholesterol kinetics in subjects with normal to high cholesterol concentrations: report on two randomized crossover studies. Although consumption of various plant sterol (PS)-enriched beverages is effective in lowering plasma cholesterol, the lipid-lowering potential of PS in a soymilk format has not been investigated thoroughly. Therefore, to evaluate the efficacy of PS-enriched soy beverages on plasma lipids and cholesterol kinetics, we conducted two separate 28 d dietary controlled cross-over studies. In study 1, the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a low-fat (2 g/serving) PS enriched soy beverage was examined in 33 normal cholesterolemic subjects in comparison with 1% dairy milk. In study 2, we investigated the efficacy of a moderate-fat (3.5 g/serving) PS-enriched soy beverage on plasma cholesterol concentrations and cholesterol kinetic responses in 23 hypercholesterolemic subjects compared with 1% dairy milk. Both the low and moderate-fat PS-enriched soymilk varieties provided 1.95 g PS/d. Endpoint plasma variables were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA using baseline values as covariates for plasma lipid measurements. In comparison with the 1% dairy milk control, the low-fat soy beverage reduced (P < 0.05) total and LDL-cholesterol by 10 and 13%, respectively. Consumption of the moderate-fat PS-enriched soy beverage reduced (P < 0.05) plasma total and LDL-cholesterol by 12 and 15% respectively. Fasting triglycerides were reduced by 9.4% following consumption of the moderate-fat soy beverage in comparison with the 1% dairy milk. Both low and moderate-fat PS-enriched soy varieties reduced (P < 0.05) LDL:HDL and TC:HDL ratios compared with the 1% dairy milk control. Consumption of the moderate-fat PS-enriched soymilk reduced (P < 0.05) cholesterol absorption by 27%, but did not alter cholesterol synthesis in comparison with 1% dairy milk. We conclude that, compared to 1% dairy milk, consumption of low and moderate-fat PS-enriched soy beverages represents an effective dietary strategy to reduce circulating lipid concentrations in normal to hypercholesterolemic individuals by reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption. TRIAL REGISTRATION (CLINICALTRIALS.GOV): NCT00923403 (Study 1), NCT00924391 (Study 2). Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'interventions': 'Dietary Supplement: plant sterol enriched soymilk|Dietary Supplement: control dairy milk'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Efficacy and tolerability of sitagliptin monotherapy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Type 2 diabetes in the elderly is an important and insufficiently studied public health problem. This study evaluated sitagliptin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥ 65 years. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study conducted at 52 sites in the United States. Patients were treated with once-daily sitagliptin (100 or 50 mg, depending on renal function) or placebo for 24 weeks. Key endpoints included change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), 2-hour post-meal glucose (2-h PMG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at week 24, and average blood glucose on treatment days 3 and 7. NCT00305604. Among randomized patients (N = 206), mean age was 72 years and mean baseline HbA(1c) was 7.8%. At week 24, HbA(1c) decreased by 0.7%, 2-h PMG by 61 mg/dL, and FPG by 27 mg/dL in sitagliptin-treated patients compared with placebo (all p < 0.001). On day 3 of treatment, mean average blood glucose was decreased from baseline by 20.4 mg/dL in sitagliptin-treated patients compared with placebo (p < 0.001). In subgroups defined by baseline HbA(1c) <8.0% (n = 132), ≥ 8.0% to <9.0% (n = 42), and ≥ 9.0% (n = 18), the placebo-adjusted reductions in HbA(1c) with sitagliptin treatment were 0.5%, 0.9%, and 1.6%, respectively. Patients in the sitagliptin and placebo groups had similar rates of adverse events overall (46.1% and 52.9%, respectively); serious adverse events were reported in 6.9% and 13.5%, respectively. No adverse events of hypoglycemia were reported. Potential study limitations include a relatively small number of patients with more severe hyperglycemia (HbA(1c) ≥ 9.0%) and the exclusion of patients with severe renal insufficiency. In this study, sitagliptin treatment significantly and rapidly improved glycemic measures and was well tolerated in patients aged ≥ 65 years with type 2 diabetes. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Type 2 Diabetes', 'interventions': 'Drug: sitagliptin phosphate|Drug: Comparator: Placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Preclinical and clinical investigation of a CCR5 antagonist, AZD5672, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate. To investigate both the preclinical effects of blocking the chemokine receptor CCR5 and the clinical effects of this approach on the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with active disease. Preclinical evaluations of AZD5672, a small-molecule antagonist of CCR5, were performed, including studies of ligand binding and chemotaxis. The pharmacokinetics of AZD5672 were assessed in both single- and multiple-dose studies in healthy volunteers. A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase IIb study was conducted in patients with active RA receiving methotrexate. Treatment arms were AZD5672 (20, 50, 100, or 150 mg orally, once daily), matched placebo, or open-label etanercept (50 mg subcutaneously, once weekly). The primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving a 20% improvement response on the American College of Rheumatology improvement criteria (ACR20) at week 12. Secondary end points included the ACR20 over time, as well as 50% (ACR50) and 70% (ACR70) improvement responses, changes in individual components of the ACR improvement criteria, and disease activity measured with the Disease Activity Score based on the 28-joint count. AZD5672 was a highly potent and selective antagonist of CCR5, displaying nonproportional steady-state pharmacokinetics while inhibiting internalization of CCR5 in an ex vivo macrophage inflammatory protein 1β stimulation assay in which AZD5672 was evaluated over the 20-150-mg dose range. In the phase IIb study testing this dose range in patients with RA (n = 371 patients randomized to received treatment), AZD5672 was generally well tolerated, with no unexpected adverse events. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients achieving an ACR20 response at week 12 between those receiving any dose of AZD5672 and those receiving placebo; etanercept was significantly more efficacious than AZD5672 and placebo. Despite a clear rationale for targeting CCR5, this clinical study showed that AZD5672, administered orally, did not have any clinical benefit, suggesting that CCR5 antagonism alone is unlikely to be a viable therapeutic strategy in RA. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'interventions': 'Drug: AZD5672|Drug: Etanercept|Drug: Placebo|Drug: AZD5672|Drug: AZD5672|Drug: AZD5672'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab, a human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriasis: 52-week results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (PHOENIX 2). Ustekinumab, a human monoclonal antibody against interleukins 12 and 23, has shown therapeutic potential for psoriasis. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in psoriasis patients and assessed dosing intensification in partial responders. In this multicentre, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 1230 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis (defined by a psoriasis area and severity index [PASI] score > or =12, and at least 10% total body surface area involvement) were randomly assigned to receive ustekinumab 45 mg (n=409) or 90 mg (n=411) at weeks 0 and 4, then every 12 weeks, or placebo (n=410). Partial responders (ie, patients achieving > or =50% but <75% improvement from baseline in PASI) were re-randomised at week 28 to continue dosing every 12 weeks or escalate to dosing every 8 weeks. Both randomisations were done with a minimisation method via a centralised interactive voice response. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving at least 75% improvement in PASI (PASI 75) at week 12. Analyses were by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00307437. All randomised patients were included in the efficacy analysis. 273 (66.7%) patients receiving ustekinumab 45 mg, 311 (75.7%) receiving ustekinumab 90 mg, and 15 (3.7%) receiving placebo achieved the primary endpoint (difference in response rate 63.1%, 95% CI 58.2-68.0, p<0.0001 for the 45 mg group vs placebo and 72.0%, 67.5-76.5, p<0.0001 for the 90 mg group vs placebo). More partial responders at week 28 who received ustekinumab 90 mg every 8 weeks achieved PASI 75 at week 52 than did those who continued to receive the same dose every 12 weeks (22 [68.8%] vs 11 [33.3%]; difference in response rate 35.4%, 95% CI 12.7-58.1, p=0.004). There was no such response to changes in dosing intensity in partial responders treated with ustekinumab 45 mg. During the placebo-controlled phase, 217 (53.1%) patients in the 45 mg group, 197 (47.9%) in the 90 mg group, and 204 (49.8%) in the placebo group experienced adverse events; serious adverse events were seen in eight (2.0%) patients in the 45 mg group, five (1.2%) in the 90 mg group, and eight (2.0%) in the placebo group. Although treatment with ustekinumab every 12 weeks is effective for most patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, intensification of dosing to once every 8 weeks with ustekinumab 90 mg might be necessary to elicit a full response in patients who only partially respond to the initial regimen. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Psoriasis', 'interventions': 'Drug: Placebo; Ustekinumab (CNTO 1275) 45 or 90 mg|Drug: Ustekinumab (CNTO 1275) 45 mg|Drug: Ustekinumab (CNTO 1275) 90 mg'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:N-Acetyl-cysteine against noise-induced temporary threshold shift in male workers. Previous animal studies showed protective effects of antioxidant medicines against noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). It is unclear whether antioxidants would protect humans from NIHL. We conducted a study to determine whether N-Acetyl-cysteine (NAC) protected men against noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS), and whether subgroups with genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) T1 and M1 responded to NAC differently. In this prospective, double-blind, crossover study, 53 male workers were randomly assigned to receive either NAC (1200 mg/day, 14 days) during the first period and placebo during the second period, or placebo during the first period and NAC during the second period. Dosing periods were separated by a washout period of 2 weeks. The hearing threshold changes were determined before and after each dosing period. Pre-shift hearing threshold for high frequencies was 19.1 dB. Daily exposure to noise ranged from 88.4 to 89.4 dB. The noise levels of different frequencies ranged from 80.0 to 89.4 dB with a peak-value at 4 kHz. NAC significantly reduced TTS (p = 0.03). When the participants were grouped by GST M1/T1 genotypes, the NAC effect was only significant among workers with null genotypes in both GSTM1 and GSTT1 (p = 0.004). NAC may prevent noise-induced TTS among occupationally noise-exposed men. The protective effect of NAC was more prominent in subjects with both GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null genotypes. (clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00552786). Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Hearing Loss', 'interventions': 'Drug: N-acetylcysteine (NAC)|Drug: glucose'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Divergent results using clinic and ambulatory blood pressures: report of a darusentan-resistant hypertension trial. Patients with resistant hypertension are at increased risk for cardiovascular events. The addition of new treatments to existing therapies will help achieve blood pressure (BP) goals in more resistant hypertension patients. In the current trial, 849 patients with resistant hypertension receiving ≥3 antihypertensive drugs, including a diuretic, at optimized doses were randomized to the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist darusentan, placebo, or the central α-2 agonist guanfacine. The coprimary end points of the study were changes from baseline to week 14 in trough, sitting systolic BP, and diastolic BP measured in the clinic. Decreases from baseline to week 14 in systolic BP for darusentan (-15±14 mm Hg) were greater than for guanfacine (-12±13 mm Hg; P<0.05) but not greater than placebo (-14±14 mm Hg). Darusentan, however, reduced mean 24-hour systolic BP (-9±12 mm Hg) more than placebo (-2±12 mm Hg) or guanfacine (-4±12 mm Hg) after 14 weeks of treatment (P<0.001 for each comparison). The most frequent adverse event associated with darusentan was fluid retention/edema at 28% versus 12% in each of the other groups. More patients withdrew because of adverse events on darusentan as compared with placebo or guanfacine. We conclude that darusentan provided greater reduction in systolic BP in resistant hypertension patients as assessed by ambulatory BP monitoring, in spite of not meeting its coprimary end points. The results of this trial highlight the importance of ambulatory BP monitoring in the design of hypertension clinical studies. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Hypertension', 'interventions': 'Drug: darusentan (LU 135252), guanfacine, and placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Conjunctival tissue pharmacokinetic properties of topical azithromycin 1% and moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solutions: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, active-controlled trial in healthy adult volunteers. Effective ocular tissue concentrations and prolonged residence times of antibacterial agents are important in treating both acute and chronic diseases. Conjunctival biopsy allows the determination of specific tissue concentration data for topical ophthalmic agents. Drug concentration analysis at various time points following instillation allows interpretation of the residence time and a rationale for dosing frequency. This study compared the pharmacokinetic parameters of 2 currently available topical ocular antibiotics-azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1% and moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.5%-in the conjunctiva of healthy volunteers after a single topical administration. This single-dose, randomized, open-label, active-controlled clinical trial was conducted at ORA Clinical Research and Development, North Andover, Massachusetts. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of azithromycin or moxifloxacin and to undergo biopsy sampling at 30 minutes or 2, 12, or 24 hours after administration. Concentrations of azithromycin and moxifloxacin were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed at all visits using visual acuity measurements, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and direct questioning. Forty-eight subjects (mean age, 40.0 years; 48% female; 96% white, 2% black, and 2% Asian) underwent conjunctival biopsy. Mean (SD) concentrations of azithromycin in conjunctival tissue (lower limit of quantitation [LLOQ], 1 microg/g for 1-mg biopsy specimen) were 131 (89), 59 (19), 48 (24), and 32 (20) microg/g at 30 minutes and 2, 12, and 24 hours, respectively (median values, 117, 69, 46, and 30 microg/g). Mean concentrations concentrations of moxifloxacin in conjunctival tissue (LLOQ, 0.05 microg/g for 1-mg biopsy sample) were 1.92 (2.03), 3.77 (8.98), 0.02 (0.04), and 0.01 (0.02) microg/g at 30 minutes and 2, 12, and 24 hours, respectively (median values, 1.12, 0.12, <0.05, and <0.05 microg/g). Thirteen subjects (6 in the azithromycin group and 7 in the moxifloxacin group) experienced 20 AEs, 11 of which were considered possibly related to study treatment, and 15 of which were ocular (most commonly conjunctival hemorrhage). In this single-dose study of 2 currently available topical ocular antibiotics in healthy volunteers, therapeutic concentrations were achieved with both agents. Both treatments were well tolerated in the population studied. Clinical Trials Identification Number: NCT00564447. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Bacterial Infections|Eye Infections', 'interventions': 'Drug: Azithromycin|Drug: Moxifloxacin'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Short-term effect of acupuncture on intraocular pressure in healthy subjects. To evaluate the short-term effect of acupuncture on the intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy subjects. A randomised controlled double-blinded trial was performed. 48 healthy volunteers (94 eyes) were randomly allocated to three groups: acupuncture group-19 subjects (38 eyes) were submitted to a 20 min session of acupuncture (GB1, GB14 and BL1); sham group-14 subjects (27 eyes) were submitted to a 20 min session of acupuncture with needles inserted in false points; and control group-15 subjects (29 eyes) who underwent no intervention. All subjects had the IOP measured by a masked investigator using Goldmann applanation tonometry immediately before intervention, as well as 20 min and 24 h after. The mean (SD) IOP in the acupuncture group was 17.9 (3.3) mm Hg at baseline, 16.4 (3.9) mm Hg at 20 min and 16.3 (3.3) mm Hg at 24 h. The mean (SD) IOP in the sham group was 18.6 (3.3) mm Hg at baseline, 17.7 (2.6) mm Hg at 20 min and 15.9 (3.6) mm Hg at 24 h. The mean (SD) IOP in the control group was 16.9 (3.5) mm Hg at baseline, 16.5 (3.8) mm Hg at 20 min and 15.8 (3.3) mm Hg at 24 h. There was no statistically significant difference in the IOP variation (post-intervention minus baseline measurements) between groups after 20 min (p=0.13) and 24 h (p=0.21). Acupuncture in the studied points did not produce significant short-term effect on the IOP of healthy individuals in comparison with control groups. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Healthy', 'interventions': 'Other: Acupuncture|Other: Sham'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Randomized trial on the influence of the length of two insulin pen needles on glycemic control and patient preference in obese patients with diabetes. This study determined the influence of needle length for insulin administration on metabolic control and patient preference in obese patients with diabetes mellitus. In this multicenter, open-label crossover study, insulin pen needles of two different lengths (5 mm and 8 mm) were compared. A total of 130 insulin-treated type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2) were randomized, and 126 patients completed the study. Patients started using the 5-mm needle for 3 months, after which they switched to injecting insulin with the 8-mm needle for another 3 months, or vice versa. Hemoglobin A1c (A1C), fructosamine, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol were measured, and self-reported side effects and patient preference were recorded. No within-group changes were observed with respect to A1C, serum fructosamine, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, hypoglycemic events, bruising, and pain. When data of all 126 subjects were pooled, there was a small, but significant, difference between needle lengths (5-mm, A1C 7.47 ± 0.9%; 8-mm, 7.59 ± 1.0%; P = 0.02). Patients reported less bleeding with the 5-mm needle (P = 0.04) and less insulin leakage from the skin with the 8-mm needle (P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in patient preference, with 46% of the patients preferring the 5-mm needle, 41% the 8-mm needle, and 13% not preferring a particular needle length. A 5-mm needle is similar to an 8-mm needle in obese patients with diabetes with respect to metabolic control, injection-related complaints, or patient preference and can be used safely. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'interventions': 'Device: insulin injection needle size'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Response of retinal vessels and retrobulbar hemodynamics to intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion. To investigate whether intravitreal ranibizumab (0.05 mL) treatment affects retinal vessel diameters and retrobulbar blood velocities in patients with acute branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Thirty patients with clinically significant macular edema secondary to BRVO were included. The duration of the study was three months. Patients were studied before and one week, one month, two months, and three months after the first ranibizumab injection. Depending on the clinical requirements, up to three ranibizumab injections were administered. Retinal vessel diameters were measured using a retinal vessel analyzer. Flow velocities in the retrobulbar central retinal artery were measured using color doppler imaging. Best-corrected visual acuity was assessed using ETDRS charts. Measurements were done in the affected as well as in the contralateral eye. Three patients were lost for follow up. In the remaining 27 patients, significant vasoconstriction was observed in retinal veins (P < 0.001 versus baseline) and in retinal arteries (P = 0.001 versus baseline) of the affected eyes. In addition, a significant reduction in flow velocities was observed in the BRVO eyes over time (peak systolic velocity: P = 0.003, end diastolic velocity: P = 0.003). The reduction in retinal vessel diameters and flow velocities did not correlate with changes in visual acuity or number of re-treatments. In the contralateral eyes no change in retinal blood flow parameters was seen. BRVO is an ischemic retinal disease. Given that ranibizumab treatment reduces retinal perfusion in these eyes the potential long-term effects of this vasoconstriction need to be considered. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Retinal Vein Occlusion', 'interventions': 'Drug: Lucentis'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Phase II trial of continuous once-daily dosing of sunitinib as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Sunitinib at 50 mg/day on the 4-weeks-on-2-weeks-off schedule is the current approved regimen for advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Escudier et al reported that continuous, once-daily dosing with sunitinib 37.5 mg had a manageable safety profile and significant antitumor activity as second-line mRCC therapy. In this prospective, multicenter, phase II study, we evaluated the activity of continuous once-daily dosing with sunitinib 37.5 mg as first-line mRCC treatment. One hundred nineteen treatment-naive patients with measurable mRCC received sunitinib. The primary endpoint was objective response; secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), safety, pharmacokinetic measurements, exploration of response biomarkers, and patient reported outcomes (PRO). Objective response rate (ORR) was 35.3%; median response duration was 10.4 months; 36% of patients had stable disease ≥12 weeks. Median PFS at 1 year was 9 months, and 1-year survival probability was 67.8%. The most common any-grade treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea (50%) and hand-foot syndrome (43%); the most common grade 3-4 treatment-related AEs were hand-foot syndrome (13%), neutropenia (11%), and diarrhea (9%). Steady-state pharmacokinetics were reached within 3 weeks, with no disproportionate accumulation of sunitinib or its active metabolite throughout the study. No significant correlations between trough drug, active metabolite, or soluble protein levels and clinical response were observed. PRO was largely maintained, although fatigue appeared to worsen after treatment started, with improvement over time. Continuous once-daily dosing with sunitinib 37.5 mg was active with a manageable safety profile as first-line mRCC therapy, making this a feasible alternative dosing regimen. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'interventions': 'Drug: Sunitinib malate'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Use of an atrial lead with very short tip-to-ring spacing avoids oversensing of far-field R-wave. The AVOID-FFS (Avoidance of Far-Field R-wave Sensing) study aimed to investigate whether an atrial lead with a very short tip-to-ring spacing without optimization of pacemaker settings shows equally low incidence of far-field R-wave sensing (FFS) when compared to a conventional atrial lead in combination with optimization of the programming. Patients receiving a dual chamber pacemaker were randomly assigned to receive an atrial lead with a tip-to-ring spacing of 1.1 mm or a lead with a conventional tip-to-ring spacing of 10 mm. Postventricular atrial blanking (PVAB) was programmed to the shortest possible value of 60 ms in the study group, and to an individually determined optimized value in the control group. Atrial sensing threshold was programmed to 0.3 mV in both groups. False positive mode switch caused by FFS was evaluated at one and three months post implantation. A total of 204 patients (121 male; age 73±10 years) were included in the study. False positive mode switch caused by FFS was detected in one (1%) patient of the study group and two (2%) patients of the control group (p = 0.62). The use of an atrial electrode with a very short tip-to-ring spacing avoids inappropriate mode switch caused by FFS without the need for individual PVAB optimization. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00512915. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Atrial Fibrillation|Bradycardia', 'interventions': 'Device: pacemaker implantation'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Safety and efficacy of etanercept beyond 10 years of therapy in North American patients with early and longstanding rheumatoid arthritis. To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of etanercept therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Adult patients with early RA or longstanding RA received etanercept in open-label extension studies following initial double-blind trials of etanercept. Of 558 early RA patients and 714 longstanding RA patients who received at least 1 dose of etanercept, a total of 194 early RA patients and 217 longstanding RA patients were treated with 25 mg of etanercept twice weekly through 10 years. Five opportunistic infections were reported: in early RA, 1 Candida septicemia; in longstanding RA, 1 herpes zoster, 1 atypical mycobacterium infection, 1 meningoencephalitis (unspecified), and 1 fungal sepsis (unspecified). Twenty-nine cases of sepsis occurred (10 early RA, 19 longstanding RA). Occurrence of all malignancies was similar to that expected in the general population, but the occurrence of lymphomas was higher than expected in the general population. Fourteen lymphomas (7 early RA, 7 longstanding RA) and 2 cases of demyelinating disease (1 early RA, 1 longstanding RA) were reported. Deaths occurred in 18 early RA patients and 43 longstanding RA patients. Both patient groups showed sustained improvement in American College of Rheumatology responses, swollen joint counts, Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index scores, and C-reactive protein levels. Etanercept maintained therapeutic benefits beyond 10 years of therapy in both early RA and longstanding RA patients, suggesting that etanercept is well tolerated and effective as a long-term, continuous therapy for the treatment of RA, with a favorable risk/benefit ratio. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'interventions': 'Biological: Etanercept'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Two different durations of adjuvant therapy with intermediate-dose interferon alfa-2b in patients with high-risk melanoma (Nordic IFN trial): a randomised phase 3 trial. Adjuvant high-dose interferon alfa-2b improves relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients with high-risk melanoma, although benefits in overall survival are uncertain. Because of the toxic effects of high-dose regimens, intermediate doses are being explored. We investigated whether adjuvant therapy with intermediate-dose interferon alfa-2b for 1 or 2 years would improve outcomes in patients with stage IIB-IIC or III resected cutaneous melanoma. This randomised, open-label, phase 3, parallel-group trial was undertaken between 1996 and 2004. 855 patients were randomly assigned at 35 centres in the Nordic countries by block randomisation to three groups: observation only (group A); 4 weeks of induction (interferon alfa-2b 10 million units flat dose subcutaneously 5 days per week) followed by 12 months of maintenance therapy (interferon alfa-2b 10 million units flat dose subcutaneously 3 days per week; group B); or 1 month of induction and 24 months of maintenance (group C). Neither investigators nor patients were masked to treatment assignment. Patients were stratified for country and tumour stage; patients with stage III disease were further stratified for presence of metastatic lymph nodes at primary diagnosis versus at relapse, palpable versus non-palpable lymph-node metastases, and number of metastatic lymph nodes. The primary endpoint was overall survival in the two interferon alfa-2b groups combined. Analyses were by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01259934. 284 patients were assigned to group A, 285 to group B, and 286 to group C; all patients were analysed. The median follow-up time was 72·4 months (IQR 46·9-98·0). We recorded no significant improvement in overall survival in patients given interferon alfa-2b compared with observation: median overall survival was 56·1 months (IQR 22·3 to >120·0) in group A, 72·1 months (25·8 to >120) in group B, and 64·3 months (24·7 to >120) in group C (p=0·600). Hazard ratios (HR) for overall survival were 0·91 (95% CI 0·74-1·10; p=0·642) for groups B and C combined versus observation; 0·91 (0·72-1·14; p=0·652) for group B versus observation; and 0·91 (0·72-1·15; p=0·858) for group C versus observation. Median RFS was 23·2 months (IQR 5·6 to <120) in group A, 37·8 months (10·8 to >120) in group B, and 28·6 months (8·6 to >120) in group C (p=0·034). HRs for RFS were 0·80 (0·67-0·96; p=0·030) for groups B and C combined versus observation, 0·77 (0·63-0·96; p=0·034) for group B versus observation, and 0·83 (0·68-1·03; p=0·178) for group C versus observation. The most common grade 3 and 4 adverse events were fatigue (five in group A [1·8%], 28 in group B [9·8%], and 32 in group C [11·2%]), myalgia (three [1·1%], 15 [5·3%], 14 [4·9%], respectively), and thrombocytopenia (15 [5·3%], 23 [8·1%], eight [2·8%], respectively). Adjuvant therapy with intermediate-dose interferon alfa-2b did not significantly improve overall survival. Interferon alfa-2b with 1-year maintenance therapy significantly improved RFS, but we recorded no significant effect for 2-year maintenance therapy. Further research is in progress to define the subgroup of patients who benefit from adjuvant interferon alfa-2b. Schering-Plough (now Merck); the Radiumhemmet Research Funds, Stockholm; the Stockholm County Council; and the Swedish Cancer Society. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Melanoma|Adjuvant Therapy', 'interventions': 'Drug: Interferon-alpha2b - 1 year|Drug: Interferon-alpha2b - 2 years'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:0 Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Anesthesia', 'interventions': 'Drug: Propofol|Drug: Propofol 1%'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:0 Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Arthritis', 'interventions': 'Device: Total Knee Arthroplasty|Device: Total knee replacment using the PFC Sigma RPF knee implant.|Device: Total knee replacement using the PFC Sigma RP knee implant'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Effects of rosuvastatin on vascular biomarkers and carotid atherosclerosis in lupus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. To study the effect of rosuvastatin on vascular biomarkers and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE patients with inactive disease and subclinical atherosclerosis were randomized in a double-blinded manner to receive either rosuvastatin (10 mg/day) or matching placebo (half in each group were also randomly allocated low-dose aspirin). After 12 months, treatment was unblinded. Patients treated with rosuvastatin and aspirin were continued on the same medications for another 12 months. Plasma levels of homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, P-selectin, and thrombomodulin were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Measurement of carotid IMT was repeated at 24 months. Seventy-two patients were studied (97% women, mean ± SD age 50.8 ± 9.7 years). Thirty-six patients were randomly assigned to each of the study arms (18 patients in each arm also received aspirin). Baseline clinical characteristics and medications were similar between the two groups. At 12 months, the mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean ± SD 2.62 ± 1.04 mmoles/liter to 1.69 ± 0.72 mmoles/liter; P < 0.001) and median hsCRP levels (1.26 mg/liter, interquartile range [IQR] 2.3 to 0.88 mg/liter, IQR 1.1; P = 0.02) decreased significantly in the rosuvastatin group. There was no significant change in homocysteine, and aspirin use did not influence the levels of the biomarkers studied. A subgroup analysis of patients with a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score ≤2 revealed a significant decrease in hsCRP (1.20 mg/liter, IQR 2.3 to 0.92 mg/liter, IQR 1.1; P = 0.04) and thrombomodulin levels (0.76 ng/ml, IQR 1.2 to 0.67 ng/ml, IQR 1.0; P = 0.001) with rosuvastatin treatment. At 24 months, the IMT of the internal carotid arteries appeared to be decreased in patients treated with rosuvastatin, which was well tolerated. In stable SLE patients, low-dose rosuvastatin leads to a significant reduction in hsCRP and thrombomodulin levels, which may possibly help to reduce cardiovascular risk. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Atherosclerosis|Thromboembolism|Systemic Lupus Erythematosus', 'interventions': 'Drug: Rosuvastatin|Drug: placebo|Drug: aspirin|Drug: placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Nateglinide and acarbose for postprandial glucose control after optimizing fasting glucose with insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes. Basal insulin treatment is frequently used in type 2 diabetes, but the successful control of postprandial glucose is challenging. We compared the effect of preferential postprandial glucose targeting drugs for postprandial glucose control after optimizing fasting glucose with basal insulin. This study was performed in 58, insulin naïve type 2 diabetes. After fasting glucose was optimized by insulin glargine, nateglinide or acarbose was initiated and then crossed over after second wash out period. 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and 7 point self monitoring blood glucose for 3 days at the end of each period was performed. Both drugs effectively reduced postprandial glucose levels compared with the insulin glargine monotherapy. No significant differences were found between nateglinide and acarbose in terms of mean glucose level, standard deviation of glucose levels, mean average glucose excursion and average daily risk range. Homeostasis model analysis (HOMA)% β, corrected insulin response and insulin-to-glucose ratio were significantly higher in the responder group compared with the non-responder. There was no episode of severe hypoglycemia. Nateglinide and acarbose are equally effective in type 2 diabetes for postprandial glucose excursions during basal insulin treatment. The markers of beta cell function might be used for predicting response. (Clinical trial reg. no. NCT 00437918, clinicaltrial.gov.). Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Diabetes Mellitus|Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus', 'interventions': 'Drug: nateglinide|Drug: acarbose'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Laparoscopic-assisted versus open resection of right-sided colonic cancer--a prospective randomized controlled trial. This study aims to compare the perioperative outcomes and survival between laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy (LARH) and open right hemicolectomy (ORH) for right-sided colon cancer. Between July 1996 and October 2005, 145 patients were randomized to receive LARH (n = 71) or ORH (n = 74). The median follow-up of living patients was 99.7 months. The demographic data of the two groups were similar. The time to resume diet (4 vs. 5 days, p = 0.045) and the hospital stay (7.8 vs. 10 days, p = 0.033) were significantly shorter in LARH group, but these benefits were at the expense of longer operating time (198 vs. 129 min, p = 0.002) and higher direct cost (USD8745 vs. USD6293, p < 0.001). The morbidity and mortality were comparable between the two groups. After curative resection, the probabilities of survival at 5 years of the LARH and ORH groups were 74.2% (SE 7.4%) and 75% (SE 7.1%), respectively. The probabilities of being disease free at 5 years were 82.3% (SE 6.9%) and 84.1% (SE 6.2%), respectively. Laparoscopic-assisted resection of right-sided colonic cancer has the advantage over open surgery in allowing earlier recovery. However this is at the expense of a longer operating time and higher direct cost (registration number: NCT00485316 ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov )). Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Colorectal Carcinoma', 'interventions': 'Procedure: Laparoscopic assisted resection of colorectal carcinoma'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:A phase 2a randomized, parallel group, dose-ranging study of molindone in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and persistent, serious conduct problems. To evaluate safety and tolerability of four doses of immediate-release molindone hydrochloride in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and serious conduct problems. This open-label, parallel-group, dose-ranging, multicenter trial randomized children, aged 6-12 years, with ADHD and persistent, serious conduct problems to receive oral molindone thrice daily for 9-12 weeks in four treatment groups: Group 1-10 mg (5 mg if weight <30 kg), group 2-20 mg (10 mg if <30 kg), group 3-30 mg (15 mg if <30 kg), and group 4-40 mg (20 mg if <30 kg). The primary outcome measure was to evaluate safety and tolerability of molindone in children with ADHD and serious conduct problems. Secondary outcome measures included change in Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form-Typical Intelligence Quotient (NCBRF-TIQ) Conduct Problem subscale scores, change in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) and -Improvement (CGI-I) subscale scores from baseline to end point, and Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham rating scale-revised (SNAP-IV) ADHD-related subscale scores. The study randomized 78 children; 55 completed the study. Treatment with molindone was generally well tolerated, with no clinically meaningful changes in laboratory or physical examination findings. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) included somnolence (n=9), weight increase (n=8), akathisia (n=4), sedation (n=4), and abdominal pain (n=4). Mean weight increased by 0.54 kg, and mean body mass index by 0.24 kg/m(2). The incidence of AEs and treatment-related AEs increased with increasing dose. NCBRF-TIQ subscale scores improved in all four treatment groups, with 34%, 34%, 32%, and 55% decreases from baseline in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. CGI-S and SNAP-IV scores improved over time in all treatment groups, and CGI-I scores improved to the greatest degree in group 4. Molindone at doses of 5-20 mg/day (children weighing <30 kg) and 20-40 mg (≥ 30 kg) was well tolerated, and preliminary efficacy results suggest that molindone produces dose-related behavioral improvements over 9-12 weeks. Additional double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are needed to further investigate molindone in this pediatric population. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity|Conduct Disorder', 'interventions': 'Drug: SPN-810|Drug: SPN-810|Drug: SPN-810|Drug: SPN-810'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Bevacizumab alone and in combination with irinotecan in recurrent glioblastoma. We evaluated the efficacy of bevacizumab, alone and in combination with irinotecan, in patients with recurrent glioblastoma in a phase II, multicenter, open-label, noncomparative trial. One hundred sixty-seven patients were randomly assigned to receive bevacizumab 10 mg/kg alone or in combination with irinotecan 340 mg/m(2) or 125 mg/m(2) (with or without concomitant enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs, respectively) once every 2 weeks. Primary end points were 6-month progression-free survival and objective response rate, as determined by independent radiology review. Secondary end points included safety and overall survival. In the bevacizumab-alone and the bevacizumab-plus-irinotecan groups, estimated 6-month progression-free survival rates were 42.6% and 50.3%, respectively; objective response rates were 28.2% and 37.8%, respectively; and median overall survival times were 9.2 months and 8.7 months, respectively. There was a trend for patients who were taking corticosteroids at baseline to take stable or decreasing doses over time. Of the patients treated with bevacizumab alone or bevacizumab plus irinotecan, 46.4% and 65.8%, respectively, experienced grade > or = 3 adverse events, the most common of which were hypertension (8.3%) and convulsion (6.0%) in the bevacizumab-alone group and convulsion (13.9%), neutropenia (8.9%), and fatigue (8.9%) in the bevacizumab-plus-irinotecan group. Intracranial hemorrhage was noted in two patients (2.4%) in the bevacizumab-alone group (grade 1) and in three patients (3.8%) patients in the bevacizumab-plus-irinotecan group (grades 1, 2, and 4, respectively). Bevacizumab, alone or in combination with irinotecan, was well tolerated and active in recurrent glioblastoma. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Glioblastoma', 'interventions': 'Drug: bevacizumab|Drug: irinotecan'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Anesthesia awareness and the bispectral index. Awareness during anesthesia is a serious complication with potential long-term psychological consequences. Use of the bispectral index (BIS), developed from a processed electroencephalogram, has been reported to decrease the incidence of anesthesia awareness when the BIS value is maintained below 60. In this trial, we sought to determine whether a BIS-based protocol is better than a protocol based on a measurement of end-tidal anesthetic gas (ETAG) for decreasing anesthesia awareness in patients at high risk for this complication. We randomly assigned 2000 patients to BIS-guided anesthesia (target BIS range, 40 to 60) or ETAG-guided anesthesia (target ETAG range, 0.7 to 1.3 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]). Postoperatively, patients were assessed for anesthesia awareness at three intervals (0 to 24 hours, 24 to 72 hours, and 30 days after extubation). We assessed 967 and 974 patients from the BIS and ETAG groups, respectively. Two cases of definite anesthesia awareness occurred in each group (absolute difference, 0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.56 to 0.57%). The BIS value was greater than 60 in one case of definite anesthesia awareness, and the ETAG concentrations were less than 0.7 MAC in three cases. For all patients, the mean (+/-SD) time-averaged ETAG concentration was 0.81+/-0.25 MAC in the BIS group and 0.82+/-0.23 MAC in the ETAG group (P=0.10; 95% CI for the difference between the BIS and ETAG groups, -0.04 to 0.01 MAC). We did not reproduce the results of previous studies that reported a lower incidence of anesthesia awareness with BIS monitoring, and the use of the BIS protocol was not associated with reduced administration of volatile anesthetic gases. Anesthesia awareness occurred even when BIS values and ETAG concentrations were within the target ranges. Our findings do not support routine BIS monitoring as part of standard practice. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00281489 [ClinicalTrials.gov].). Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Explicit Recall of Intra-operative Events', 'interventions': 'Device: BIS Monitor guided algorithm|Behavioral: Volatile anesthetic guided algorithm'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Lidocaine jelly and plain aqueous gel for urethral straight catheterization and the Q-tip test: a randomized controlled trial. To compare the pain perception between lidocaine and plain aqueous gel during assessment of postvoid residual volume and the Q-tip test. : Patients were randomly assigned to either to 2% lidocaine hydrochloride jelly or plain aqueous gel. The allocated gel was first used to lubricate a catheter that was inserted into the bladder to measure the postvoid residual volume. After removal of the catheter, a cotton swab, coated with the same allocated gel, was advanced to the urethrovesical junction until resistance was felt. The angle of the swab with the horizontal plane was measured at rest and with Valsalva maneuver. Relevant baseline characteristics and the Wong-Baker FACES pain scores (where 0 is for no pain and 5 for worst pain) were compared. After randomization, lidocaine and the plain aqueous gel arms consisted of 69 and 68 women, respectively. Baseline characteristics of the groups were similar. Significantly fewer women in the lidocaine group (62.3%) reported any pain than those allocated to plain aqueous gel (80.9%) (odds ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.18-0.85). The median pain score was significantly lower in the lidocaine group (1, range 0-5) compared with 2 (range 0-4), P<.001). When compared with plain aqueous gel, 2% lidocaine jelly significantly reduces pain perception during evaluation of postvoid residual volume and the Q-tip test. I. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Pain', 'interventions': 'Drug: 2% Lidocaine jelly|Drug: Plain aqueous gel'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin monotherapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer: final results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is associated with poor survival. Platinum-based chemotherapy is often a first-line treatment. Pemetrexed has shown single-agent activity in SCCHN and in combination with cisplatin for other tumors. This trial examined the efficacy of pemetrexed-cisplatin for SCCHN. In a double-blind phase 3 trial, patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN and no prior systemic therapy for metastatic disease were randomized to pemetrexed (500 mg/m(2) ) plus cisplatin (75 mg/m(2) ; n = 398) or placebo plus cisplatin (75 mg/m(2) ; n = 397) to assess overall survival (OS) and secondary endpoints. Median OS was 7.3 months in the pemetrexed-cisplatin arm and 6.3 months in the placebo-cisplatin arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-1.02; P = .082). Median progression-free survival (PFS, months) was similar in both treatment arms (pemetrexed-cisplatin, 3.6; placebo-cisplatin, 2.8; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.76-1.03; P = .166). Among patients with performance status 0 or 1, pemetrexed-cisplatin (n = 347) led to longer OS and PFS than placebo-cisplatin (n = 343; 8.4 vs 6.7 months; HR, 0.83; P = .026; 4.0 vs 3.0 months; HR, 0.84; P = .044, respectively). Among patients with oropharyngeal cancers, pemetrexed-cisplatin (n = 86) resulted in longer OS and PFS than placebo-cisplatin (n = 106; 9.9 vs 6.1 months; HR, 0.59; P = .002; 4.0 vs 3.4 months; HR, 0.73; P = .047, respectively). Pemetrexed-cisplatin toxicity was consistent with studies in other tumors. Pemetrexed-cisplatin compared with placebo-cisplatin did not significantly improve survival for the intent-to-treat population. However, in a prespecified subgroup analysis, pemetrexed-cisplatin showed OS and PFS advantage for patients with performance status 0 or 1 or oropharyngeal cancers. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Head and Neck Cancer', 'interventions': 'Drug: Pemetrexed'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Clinical relevance of anti-exenatide antibodies: safety, efficacy and cross-reactivity with long-term treatment. Antibody formation to therapeutic peptides is common. This analysis characterizes the time-course and cross-reactivity of anti-exenatide antibodies and potential effects on efficacy and safety. Data from intent-to-treat patients in 12 controlled (n = 2225,12-52 weeks) and 5 uncontrolled (n = 1538, up to 3 years) exenatide twice-daily (BID) trials and 4 controlled (n = 653,24-30 weeks) exenatide once weekly (QW) trials with 1 uncontrolled period (n = 128,52 weeks) were analysed. Mean titres peaked early (6-22 weeks) and subsequently declined. At 30 weeks, 36.7% of exenatide BID patients were antibody-positive; 31.7% exhibited low titres (≤125) and 5.0% had higher titres (≥625). Antibody incidence declined to 16.9% (1.4% higher titre) at 3 years. Similarly, 56.8% of exenatide QW patients were antibody-positive (45.0% low/11.8% higher titre) at 24-30 weeks, declining to 45.4% positive (9.2% higher titre) at 52 weeks. Treatment-emergent anti-exenatide antibodies from a subset of patients tested did not cross-react with human GLP-1 or glucagon. Other than injection-site reactions, adverse event rates in antibody-positive and antibody-negative patients were similar. Efficacy was robust in both antibody-negative and antibody-positive patients (mean HbA1c change: -1.0 and -0.9%, respectively, exenatide BID; -1.6% and -1.3% exenatide QW). No correlation between change in HbA1c and titre was observed for exenatide BID, although mean reductions were attenuated in the small subset of patients (5%) with higher titres. A significant correlation was observed for exenatide QW with no difference between antibody-negative and low-titre patients, but an attenuated mean reduction in the subset of patients (12%) with higher titres. Low-titre anti-exenatide antibodies were common with exenatide treatment (32% exenatide BID, 45% exenatide QW patients), but had no apparent effect on efficacy. Higher-titre antibodies were less common (5% exenatide BID, 12% exenatide QW) and within that titre group, increasing antibody titre was associated with reduced average efficacy that was statistically significant for exenatide QW. Other than injection-site reactions, anti-exenatide antibodies did not impact the safety of exenatide. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus', 'interventions': 'Drug: exenatide once weekly|Drug: exenatide twice daily'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Intravenous and oral levetiracetam in patients with a suspected primary brain tumor and symptomatic seizures undergoing neurosurgery: the HELLO trial. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a newer anticonvulsant with a favorable safety profile. There seem to be no relevant drug interactions, and an intravenous formulation is available. Therefore, LEV might be a suitable drug for the perioperative anticonvulsive therapy of patients with suspected brain tumors undergoing neurosurgery. In this prospective study (NCT00571155) patients with suspected primary brain tumors and tumor-related seizures were perioperatively treated with oral and intravenous LEV up to 4 weeks before and until 4 weeks after a planned neurosurgical procedure. Thirty patients with brain tumor-related seizures and intended neurosurgery were included. Three patients did not undergo the scheduled surgery after enrollment, and two patients were lost to follow-up. Therefore, 25 patients were fully evaluable. After initiation of therapy with LEV, 100% of the patients were seizure-free in the pre-surgery phase (3 days up to 4 weeks before surgery), 88% in the 48 h post-surgery phase and 84% in the early follow-up phase (48 h to 4 weeks post surgery). Treatment failure even after dose escalation to 3,000 mg/day occurred in three patients. No serious adverse events related to the treatment with LEV occurred. Our data show the feasibility and safety of oral and intravenous LEV in the perioperative treatment of tumor-related seizures. Although this was a single arm study, the efficacy of LEV appears promising. Considering the side effects and interactions of other anticonvulsants, LEV seems to be a favorable option in the perioperative treatment of brain tumor-related seizures. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Primary Brain Tumor|Epilepsy', 'interventions': 'Drug: levetiracetam'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Results of the Protégé EverFlex 200-mm-long nitinol stent (ev3) in TASC C and D femoropopliteal lesions. This study investigated the results with primary stenting using the Protégé EverFlex 200-mm-long self-expanding nitinol stent (ev3 Endovascular Inc, Plymouth, Minn) in femoropopliteal TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) C and D lesions of at least 150 mm in length. Between March 2008 and June 2009, 100 patients (66 men) presenting with 100 symptomatic TASC C and D femoropopliteal lesions were treated with at least one 200-mm-long Protégé EverFlex stent. The intention of this study was to treat all lesions with as few stents as possible. The primary study end point was primary patency at 12 months, defined as the absence of hemodynamically significant stenosis on duplex ultrasound imaging (systolic velocity ratio <2.4) at the target lesion and without target lesion revascularization (TLR) ≤12 months. Stent fracture occurrence was assessed at the 12-month follow-up by conventional x-ray imaging. Average patient age was 70 years. Preoperative symptom assessment reported 71 patients (71%) had claudication vs 29 (29%) with critical limb ischemia. Average lesion length was 242 mm (range, 160-450 mm), and 27 patients (27%) presented with popliteal involvement. A total of 158 Protégé EverFlex stents were used to treat 100 lesions. Kaplan-Meier estimation reported a 12-month freedom from target lesion revascularization of 68.2% and a primary patency rate of 64.8%. Stent fractures occurred in six patients (6.0%) when x-ray images taken immediately after the procedure were compared with those taken after 1 year. The results of our Durability-200 study show an acceptable primary patency rate after 1 year was obtained in this patient cohort with TASC C and D femoropopliteal lesions. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Peripheral Vascular Disease|Intermittent Claudication|Critical Limb Ischemia', 'interventions': 'Device: Everflex 200'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on a background of monitored exercise in patients with claudication secondary to peripheral artery disease. Exercise training is established for the treatment of peripheral artery disease; however the additional benefit of pharmacologic therapy with exercise has not been studied. This trial tested the hypothesis that propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC), in combination with monitored home-based exercise training, would improve treadmill peak walking time (PWT) over exercise training alone. Subjects with claudication were randomized to 6 months of therapy with PLC (2 g daily, n = 32) or matching placebo (n = 30). After supervised exercise instruction, all subjects performed exercise training sessions 3 times a week for 30 to 50 minutes/session and compliance was monitored by activity monitors and diary. Change in PWT was the primary outcome measure with other functional assessments predefined as secondary endpoints. After 6 months of treatment, patients randomized to training and placebo had an increase in PWT of 218 ± 367 seconds, while those randomized to training plus PLC had an increase of 266 ± 243 seconds, P = .258. Across the total study cohort, the dose of exercise training (total number of minutes of exercise of at least moderate intensity) was correlated with the change in PWT (r = 0.259, P = .048), suggesting that the monitored exercise was effective in improving walking performance in both treatment arms. In all subjects, the increase in PWT from baseline to month 6 was correlated with the amount of exercise training. However, although favoring PLC, the combination of exercise training and PLC did not result in a statistically significant benefit in peak treadmill performance or quality of life compared with exercise alone. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases|Intermittent Claudication', 'interventions': 'Drug: Propionyl-L-Carnitine|Drug: PLC'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Topical insulin accelerates wound healing in diabetes by enhancing the AKT and ERK pathways: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Wound healing is impaired in diabetes mellitus, but the mechanisms involved in this process are virtually unknown. Proteins belonging to the insulin signaling pathway respond to insulin in the skin of rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway in wound healing and skin repair of normal and diabetic rats, and, in parallel, the effect of a topical insulin cream on wound healing and on the activation of this pathway. We investigated insulin signaling by immunoblotting during wound healing of control and diabetic animals with or without topical insulin. Diabetic patients with ulcers were randomized to receive topical insulin or placebo in a prospective, double-blind and placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial (NCT 01295177) of wound healing. Expression of IR, IRS-1, IRS-2, SHC, ERK, and AKT are increased in the tissue of healing wounds compared to intact skin, suggesting that the insulin signaling pathway may have an important role in this process. These pathways were attenuated in the wounded skin of diabetic rats, in parallel with an increase in the time of complete wound healing. Upon topical application of insulin cream, the wound healing time of diabetic animals was normalized, followed by a reversal of defective insulin signal transduction. In addition, the treatment also increased expression of other proteins, such as eNOS (also in bone marrow), VEGF, and SDF-1α in wounded skin. In diabetic patients, topical insulin cream markedly improved wound healing, representing an attractive and cost-free method for treating this devastating complication of diabetes. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01295177. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Diabetes Mellitus|Wounds', 'interventions': 'Drug: topic cream insulin'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Sequential versus combination chemotherapy with capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer (CAIRO): a phase III randomised controlled trial. The optimum use of cytotoxic drugs for advanced colorectal cancer has not been defined. Our aim was to investigate whether combination treatment is better than sequential administration of the same drugs in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. We randomly assigned 820 patients with advanced colorectal cancer to receive either first-line treatment with capecitabine, second-line irinotecan, and third-line capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (sequential treatment; n=410) or first-line treatment capecitabine plus irinotecan and second-line capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (combination treatment; n=410). The primary endpoint was overall survival. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov with the number NCT00312000. 17 patients (nine in the sequential treatment group, eight in the combination group) were found to be ineligible and were excluded from the analysis. 675 (84%) patients died during the study: 336 in the sequential group and 339 in the combination group. Median overall survival was 16.3 (95% CI 14.3-18.1) months for sequential treatment and 17.4 (15.2-19.2) months for combination treatment (p=0.3281). The hazard ratio for combination versus sequential treatment was 0.92 (95% CI 0.79-1.08; p=0.3281). The frequency of grade 3-4 toxicity over all lines of treatment did not differ significantly between the two groups, except for grade 3 hand-foot syndrome, which occurred more often with sequential treatment than with combination treatment (13%vs 7%; p=0.004). Combination treatment does not significantly improve overall survival compared with the sequential use of cytotoxic drugs in advanced colorectal cancer. Thus sequential treatment remains a valid option for patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Advanced Colorectal Cancer', 'interventions': 'Drug: capecitabine-irinotecan|Drug: capecitabine+irinotecan (1st line)'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Twice-daily, preservative-free ketorolac 0.45% for treatment of inflammation and pain after cataract surgery. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of twice-daily, preservative-free ketorolac 0.45% (Acuvail; Allergan, Inc, Irvine, California, USA) administration for treatment of inflammation and pain after cataract surgery. Prospective, randomized trial. Two multicenter, double-masked studies randomized 511 cataract surgery patients (2:1) to receive twice-daily ketorolac 0.45% or vehicle in the operative eye for 16 days, beginning 1 day before surgery. The primary efficacy end point was the percentage of patients with a summed ocular inflammation score of 0 for anterior chamber cell and flare on postoperative day 14. The main secondary efficacy end point was the percentage of patients with no pain on postoperative day 1. On day 14, 52.5% of ketorolac patients and 26.5% of vehicle patients had an summed ocular inflammation score of 0 (P < .001). On day 1, 72.4% of ketorolac patients and 39.7% of vehicle patients had a pain score of 0 (P < .001). Median time to pain resolution was 1 day in the ketorolac group and 2 days in the vehicle group (P < .001). The percentage of ketorolac and vehicle patients who had a +3-line or more improvement in best-corrected visual acuity from baseline was 60.5% versus 44.0% on day 14 (P = .002). Overall, adverse events were more prevalent in the vehicle group than in the ketorolac group (48.5% vs 35.2%; P = .004). Burning or stinging (per a composite Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities) was reported by 1.5% of ketorolac patients and 0.6% of vehicle patients. Twice-daily ketorolac 0.45% was well tolerated and effectively treated inflammation and pain following cataract surgery. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Cataract Extraction', 'interventions': 'Drug: ketorolac eye drops'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Infliximab in ankylosing spondylitis: alone or in combination with methotrexate? A pharmacokinetic comparative study. Methotrexate (MTX) has been shown to modify infliximab pharmacokinetics in rheumatoid arthritis. However, its combination with infliximab in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is not recommended. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of MTX on infliximab exposure in patients with AS. Patients with AS patients who had predominantly axial symptoms were randomised to receive infliximab alone (infusions of 5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, 6, 12 and 18) or infliximab combined with MTX (10 mg/week). Infliximab concentrations were measured before and 2 hours after each infusion and at 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 14 and 18 weeks. We estimated individual cumulative area under the concentration versus time curves (AUC) for infliximab concentration between baseline and week 18 (AUC(0-18)). Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed at each visit. The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score was the primary end point for clinical response. Twenty-six patients were included (infliximab group: n = 12, infliximab + MTX group: n = 14), and 507 serum samples were available for measurement of infliximab concentration. The two groups did not differ with regard to AUC(0-18) or evolution of BASDAI scores and biomarkers of inflammation. The combination of MTX and infliximab does not increase the exposure to infliximab over infliximab alone in patients with AS. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00507403. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Ankylosing Spondylitis', 'interventions': 'Drug: infliximab'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:A novel nasal expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) device for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial. Investigate the efficacy of a novel nasal expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) device as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A prospective, multicenter, sham-controlled, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. 19 sites including both academic and private sleep disorder centers Obstructive sleep apnea with a pre-study AHI ≥10/hour Treatment with a nasal EPAP device (N=127) or similar appearing sham device (N=123) for 3 months. Polysomnography (PSG) was performed on 2 non-consecutive nights (random order: device-on, device-off) at week 1 and after 3 months of treatment. Analysis of an intention to treat group (ITT) (patients completing week 1 PSGs) (EPAP N=119, sham N=110) was performed. At week 1, the median AHI value (device-on versus device-off) was significantly lower with EPAP (5.0 versus 13.8 events/h, P<0.0001) but not sham (11.6 versus 11.1 events/h, P=NS); the decrease in the AHI (median) was greater (-52.7% vs. -7.3%, P<0.0001) for the ITT group. At month 3, the percentage decrease in the AHI was 42.7% (EPAP) and 10.1% (sham), P<0.0001. Over 3 months of EPAP treatment the Epworth Sleepiness Scale decreased (9.9 ± 4.7 to 7.2 ± 4.2, P<0.0001), and the median percentage of reported nights used (entire night) was 88.2%. The nasal EPAP device significantly reduced the AHI and improved subjective daytime sleepiness compared to the sham treatment in patients with mild to severe OSA with excellent adherence. ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial name: Randomized Study of Provent Versus Sham Device to Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea (AERO). URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00772044?term=Ventus&rank=1. NCT00772044. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea|OSA|OSAH', 'interventions': 'Device: Provent Professional Sleep Apnea Therapy Device|Device: Sham Device'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Cetuximab and gemcitabine in elderly or adult PS2 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: The cetuximab in advanced lung cancer (CALC1-E and CALC1-PS2) randomized phase II trials. Two parallel randomized phase 2 trials were performed to choose the optimal way of combining cetuximab with gemcitabine in the first-line treatment of elderly (CALC1-E) and adult PS2 (CALC1-PS2) patients with advanced NSCLC. Stage IV or IIIB NSCLC patients, aged > or =70 years with PS 0-2 for CALC1-E or aged <70 with PS2 for CALC1-PS2, not selected for EGFR expression, were eligible. Patients were randomized to concomitant (gemcitabine, for a maximum of 6 cycles, plus cetuximab until progression) or sequential (gemcitabine, for a maximum of 6 cycles, followed by cetuximab) strategy. A selection design, with 1-year survival rate as the primary endpoint, was applied, requiring 58 elderly and 42 PS2 patients. All planned patients were randomized. In sequential arms, 34.5% and 60.0% patients were not able to receive cetuximab after gemcitabine in CALC1-E and CALC1-PS2, respectively. Survival rates (95% CI) at 1-year for concomitant and sequential arms were 41.4% (23.5-61.1) and 31.0% (15.3-50.8) in CALC1-E and 27.3% (10.7-50.2) and 35.0% (15.4-59.2) in CALC1-PS2. In both studies, survival curves crossed at about 10 months and the worse arm until that time became the better one at 1-year. Toxicity was similar across treatment groups. In concomitant arm of CALC1-E (but not of CALC1-PS2), survival was longer for patients who developed skin toxicity within the first two cycles of treatment. In both groups of patients, sequential strategy cannot be proposed for future trials because of low compliance. Inconsistency of survival outcomes makes also concomitant treatment not a candidate for further testing in unselected elderly and PS2 NSCLC patients. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer', 'interventions': 'Drug: cetuximab|Drug: gemcitabine|Drug: gemcitabine|Drug: cetuximab'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Immunogenicity, safety and tolerability in adults of a new single-dose, live-attenuated vaccine against Japanese encephalitis: Randomised controlled phase 3 trials. Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) was developed to replace licensed mouse brain-derived vaccine (MBD-JE), the production of which ceased in 2005. Two randomised controlled phase 3 studies were conducted. Immunogenicity study: 410 participants received one JE-CV injection, 410 received 3 MBD-JE injections. Safety study: 1,601 participants received JE-CV, 403 received placebo. Seroconversion after a single JE-CV vaccination (99.1%) was statistically non-inferior to that after three-dose MBD-JE (95.1%) vaccination. JE-CV elicited a rapid immune response, with 93.6% of participants seroconverting within 14 days. Adverse reaction rates were significantly lower with JE-CV (67.6%) than with MBD-JE (82.2%) (p<0.001), and the reactogenicity profile of JE-CV was comparable with that of placebo. A single dose of JE-CV elicited rapid seroconversion in a higher proportion of vaccinees than the current vaccine with fewer reactions. The safety profile of JE-CV is good. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Japanese Encephalitis', 'interventions': 'Biological: ChimeriVax™-JE|Biological: JE-VAX®'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Antiperistaltic effect and safety of L-menthol sprayed on the gastric mucosa for upper GI endoscopy: a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. GI peristalsis during GI endoscopy commonly requires intravenous or intramuscular injection of antispasmodic agents, which sometimes cause unexpected adverse reactions. Our ultimate goal was to evaluate whether the antiperistaltic effect of L-menthol-based preparations facilitates endoscopic examinations in a clinical setting. Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Six Japanese referral centers. A total of 87 patients scheduled to undergo upper GI endoscopy were randomly assigned to receive 160 mg of L-menthol (n=45) or placebo (n=42). Both treatments were sprayed endoscopically on the gastric mucosa. The degree of gastric peristalsis was assessed by an independent committee. The proportion of subjects with no peristalsis 90 to 135 seconds after administration and at the end of the endoscopic examination (complete suppression of gastric peristalsis). Other outcomes were the proportion of subjects with no or mild peristalsis (adequate suppression of gastric peristalsis) and the ease of intragastric observation as evaluated by the endoscopist who performed the procedure. Gastric peristalsis was completely suppressed in 35.6% (21.9, 51.2) of the L-menthol group compared with only 7.1% (1.5, 19.5) of the placebo group (P<.001). In the L-menthol group, 77.8% (62.9, 88.8) (35/45 subjects) of the subjects had no or mild peristalsis at the completion of endoscopy. Minor peristalsis interfered with intragastric examination in only 1 of these 35 patients (2.9%). The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups (P=.512). Small sample size. During upper GI endoscopy, L-menthol sprayed on the gastric mucosa significantly suppresses peristalsis with minimal adverse drug reactions compared with placebo. ( NCT00742599.). Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Patients Undergoing Gastric Endoscopy', 'interventions': 'Drug: NPO-11|Drug: Placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Plasma zinc concentration responds rapidly to the initiation and discontinuation of short-term zinc supplementation in healthy men. To assist with the evaluation of zinc (Zn) intervention programs, information is needed on the magnitude and velocity of response of plasma Zn concentration following changes in Zn intake. Our objective in this study was to measure plasma Zn concentration of healthy adult men before and after initiation and discontinuation of 1 of 2 dosages of Zn supplements or placebo. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 58 apparently healthy males aged 19-54 y. Participants received 1 of 3 liquid supplements daily for 21 d: 10 or 20 mg Zn/d, as Zn sulfate, or placebo. Fasting plasma Zn concentrations were measured on 14 occasions before, during, and after supplementation. Data were analyzed using mixed-model ANCOVA. The plasma Zn concentration was related to day of study (P < 0.0001) and study group (P < 0.0001). Controlling for baseline concentrations, plasma Zn concentrations were consistently elevated above baseline by d 5 among individuals in both of the Zn-supplemented groups compared with those receiving placebo supplements, regardless of their initial plasma Zn concentration. There were no significant group-wise differences between those who received either 10 or 20 mg/d Zn. Plasma Zn concentrations of supplemented individuals declined following withdrawal of supplementation and within 2 wk no longer differed from those of the placebo group. Change in the plasma Zn concentration is a useful indicator to monitor compliance with, and possibly effectiveness of, Zn supplementation programs. To ensure accurate interpretation of the results, samples should be collected while the intervention is still in progress. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Zinc Deficiency', 'interventions': 'Dietary Supplement: zinc sulfate|Dietary Supplement: Placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Immunogenicity, safety and tolerability in adults of a new single-dose, live-attenuated vaccine against Japanese encephalitis: Randomised controlled phase 3 trials. Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) was developed to replace licensed mouse brain-derived vaccine (MBD-JE), the production of which ceased in 2005. Two randomised controlled phase 3 studies were conducted. Immunogenicity study: 410 participants received one JE-CV injection, 410 received 3 MBD-JE injections. Safety study: 1,601 participants received JE-CV, 403 received placebo. Seroconversion after a single JE-CV vaccination (99.1%) was statistically non-inferior to that after three-dose MBD-JE (95.1%) vaccination. JE-CV elicited a rapid immune response, with 93.6% of participants seroconverting within 14 days. Adverse reaction rates were significantly lower with JE-CV (67.6%) than with MBD-JE (82.2%) (p<0.001), and the reactogenicity profile of JE-CV was comparable with that of placebo. A single dose of JE-CV elicited rapid seroconversion in a higher proportion of vaccinees than the current vaccine with fewer reactions. The safety profile of JE-CV is good. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Encephalitis|Japanese Encephalitis', 'interventions': 'Biological: ChimeriVax-JE, Japanese Encephalitis vaccine|Biological: 0.9% Saline'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibition with mipomersen in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess efficacy and safety as add-on therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) is a common genetic disorder leading to premature coronary artery disease. Despite statins and additional lipid-lowering therapies, many HeFH patients fail to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. We evaluated mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibitor, to further lower LDL-C in HeFH patients with coronary artery disease. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial randomized patients with HeFH and coronary artery disease on maximally tolerated statin and LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L (≥100 mg/dL) to weekly subcutaneous mipomersen 200 mg or placebo (2:1) for 26 weeks. The primary end point was percent change in LDL-C from baseline at week 28. Safety assessments included adverse events, laboratory tests, and magnetic resonance imaging assessment of hepatic fat. Of 124 randomized patients (41 placebo, 83 mipomersen), 114 (41 placebo, 73 mipomersen) completed treatment. Mean (95% confidence interval) LDL-C decreased significantly with mipomersen (-28.0% [-34.0% to -22.1%] compared with 5.2% [-0.5% to 10.9%] increase with placebo; P<0.001). Mipomersen significantly reduced apolipoprotein B (-26.3%), total cholesterol (-19.4%), and lipoprotein(a) (-21.1%) compared with placebo (all P<0.001). No significant change occurred in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Adverse events included injection site reactions and influenza-like symptoms. Five mipomersen patients (6%) had 2 consecutive alanine aminotransferase values ≥3 times the upper limit of normal at least 7 days apart; none were associated with significant bilirubin increases. Hepatic fat content increased a median of 4.9% with mipomersen versus 0.4% with placebo (P<0.001). Mipomersen is an effective therapy to further reduce apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, including LDL and lipoprotein(a), in HeFH patients with coronary artery disease on statins and other lipid-lowering therapy. The significance of hepatic fat and transaminase increases remains uncertain at this time. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00706849. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia|Coronary Artery Disease', 'interventions': 'Drug: mipomersen sodium (ISIS 301012)|Drug: placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Endothelial, inflammatory, coagulation, metabolic effects and safety of etravirine in HIV-uninfected volunteers. The innate proatherosclerotic properties of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors have not previously been examined. Therefore, we performed a pilot study of etravirine (ETR) in healthy volunteers over 28 days. This investigation also allowed us to evaluate the safety of ETR over a period commonly used for HIV postexposure prophylaxis. ETR 200 mg twice daily was given to 28 healthy HIV-uninfected volunteers over 28 days. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and circulating markers of inflammation, coagulation, and metabolism were measured at entry and at day 28. These circulating markers were also measured at day 35. Of the initial 28 subjects, 23 completed both entry and day 28 procedures. Two subjects were discontinued due to development of rash. No other major toxicities developed. The change in FMD over 28 days was minimal and not significant (0.03 [-3.21, 0.97] %; p=0.36). The post hoc estimated detectable absolute change in FMD with the 23 subjects in our study was 2.26%, which is an effect size that has been associated with future cardiovascular event rates in the general population; thus our study had sufficient power to find clinically relevant changes in FMD. In addition, there were no significant changes in any of the circulating markers from entry to day 28 or from day 28 to day 35. ETR did not demonstrate any innate proatherosclerotic properties over 28 days in these HIV-uninfected volunteers. ETR was generally well tolerated. Larger studies are warranted to confirm that ETR can be used safely as part of HIV postexposure prophylaxis regimens. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'HIV', 'interventions': 'Drug: ritonavir|Drug: ritonavir|Drug: darunavir|Drug: emtricitabine [FTC]/tenofovir [TDF]|Drug: emtricitabine [FTC]/tenofovir [TDF]|Drug: atazanavir'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Lowering of postprandial lipids in individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with alogliptin and/or pioglitazone: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. Pharmacological augmentation of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor signalling by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition reduced intestinal lipoprotein secretion in experimental studies, suggesting that DPP-4 inhibitors may ameliorate dyslipidaemia and thus reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. We assessed the effects of alogliptin (Alo) and Alo co-administered with pioglitazone (Pio) vs placebo (Pbo) on triacylglycerol (TG)-rich lipoproteins in type 2 diabetes before and following a high-fat meal. Seventy-one patients (age 18-70 years), who did not reach HbA(1c) 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) with lifestyle and/or metformin, sulfonylurea or glinide therapy, participated in this 16 week, double-centre (university hospitals) Pbo-controlled parallel-group study. All participants, people doing measurements or examinations, and people assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. Fasting TG 1.7-5.0 mmol/l was among the entry criteria. Patients received a high-fat mixed meal before and 4 and 16 weeks after randomisation (allocation by central office) to Alo (n = 25), Alo/Pio (n = 22) or Pbo (n = 24). Blood was sampled at pre-specified intervals, starting at 15 min before and ending 8 h after meal ingestion. At week 16, Alo (n = 25) and Alo/Pio (n = 21) vs Pbo (n = 24) produced similar significant reductions in total postprandial TG response (incremental AUC [iAUC]; p < 0.001), as well as in chylomicron TG (p < 0.001) and VLDL1 TG iAUCs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). Postprandial chylomicron apolipoprotein B-48 iAUC showed a significant decrease after Alo treatment (p = 0.028), and a non-significant trend towards a decrease with Alo/Pio (p = 0.213). The incidence of adverse events was low and consistent with previous studies. Treatment with Alo and Alo/Pio produced significant reductions in postprandial TG and TG-rich lipoproteins, contributing to an improved overall cardiometabolic risk profile in type 2 diabetes. The data support the concept that incretins not only modulate glucose metabolism but also influence chylomicron metabolism in intestinal cells. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00655863. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'interventions': 'Drug: Alogliptin and Pioglitazone|Drug: Alogliptin|Drug: Pioglitazone'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:A comparison of intranasal fentanyl spray with oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain: an open-label, randomised, crossover trial. The efficacy of intranasal fentanyl spray (INFS) was compared with that of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) for the relief of cancer-related breakthrough pain (BTP) in an open-label, crossover trial. Adult cancer patients receiving stable background opioid treatment and experiencing BTP episodes were recruited from 44 study centres in seven European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom); of the 196 patients enrolled, 139 were randomised to receive INFS followed by OTFC, or vice versa. Patients were titrated to an effective dose of one agent (50, 100 or 200 microg INFS; 200, 400, 600, 800, 1200 or 1600 microg OTFC) to treat six BTP episodes, then titration and treatment were repeated with the other agent. The primary outcome was patient-recorded time to onset of 'meaningful' pain relief. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity difference (PID) at 10 and 30 minutes (PID(10), PID(30)), sum of PID at 15 and 60 minutes (SPID(0-15), SPID(0-60)), ease of administration, treatment preference and relationship between background opioid dose and effective INFS dose. Additional outcome measures included proportions of episodes with > or =33% and > or =50% pain intensity (PI) reduction, and PID at additional time points. NCT00496392. Among the intention-to-treat population (n = 139), median time to onset of 'meaningful' pain relief was 11 minutes with INFS versus 16 minutes with OTFC; 65.7% of patients attained faster time to 'meaningful' pain-relief onset with INFS (p < 0.001). PID was statistically significantly greater for INFS than OTFC from 5 minutes post-dosing. Significantly more INFS-treated breakthrough pain episodes achieved clinically important pain relief (> or =33% and > or =50% PI reduction) up to 30 minutes post-dosing. The proportions of episodes treated with INFS and OTFC achieving a PI reduction of > or =33% at 5 minutes were 25.3% versus 6.8% (p < 0.001), and at 10 minutes were 51.0% versus 23.6% (p < 0.001), respectively; the proportions of episodes treated with INFS and OTFC achieving a > or =50% PI reduction at 5 minutes were 12.8% versus 2.1% (p < 0.001), and at 10 minutes were 36.9% versus 9.7% (p < 0.001), respectively. Higher SPID(0-15) and SPID(0-60) scores were achieved with INFS (p < 0.001). More patients preferred INFS than OTFC (p < 0.001) and more patients found it very easy/easy to use. Both treatments were well tolerated. In the safety population (n = 139), 56.8% (n = 79) of patients experienced > or =1 AE during the trial. The only AE that occurred in > or =5% of patients in either treatment group was nausea. Among those patients who experienced serious AEs (13.7%, n = 19), none were considered to be related to either study medication. There was a weak correlation between effective INFS doses and background opioid doses. In this open-label, randomised, crossover trial, significantly more patients attained faster 'meaningful' pain relief with INFS than OTFC, and more patients preferred INFS to OTFC. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Pain', 'interventions': 'Drug: Nasal fentanyl'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Phase I/II study of pemetrexed with or without ABT-751 in advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. ABT-751 is an antimitotic and vascular disrupting agent with potent preclinical anticancer activity. We conducted a phase I and randomized double-blind phase II study of pemetrexed with ABT-751 or placebo in patients with recurrent advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One hundred seventy-one patients received intravenous pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) day 1 and oral ABT-751 or placebo days 1 to 14 of 21-day cycles. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end point included overall survival (OS); pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were also analyzed. The recommended phase II dose of ABT-751 with pemetrexed is 200 mg. Fatigue, constipation, anemia, nausea, and diarrhea were the most common toxicities in both study arms. No pharmacokinetic interactions were observed. Median PFS in the ABT-751 arm was 2.3 months versus 1.9 for placebo (P = .819, log-rank) for the intention-to-treat population. However, differences in PFS (P = .112, log-rank) and OS (P = .034, log-rank; median 3.3 v 8.1 months) favoring ABT-751 were seen in the squamous NSCLC subgroup. Baseline circulating tumor cell concentrations were predictive of improved OS (P = .013). Changes from baseline of greater than 20% in plasma levels of placenta growth factor (P = .056), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (P = .03), and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (P = .01) were markers best associated with improved OS. Addition of ABT-751 to pemetrexed is well-tolerated, but does not improve outcome in unselected patients with recurrent NSCLC. ABT-751 may have therapeutic potential in squamous NSCLC. Exploratory cellular and molecular analyses in this study identified biomarkers that may correlate with survival. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer|Lung Cancer|NSCLC', 'interventions': 'Drug: ABT-751|Drug: pemetrexed|Drug: placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Add-on therapies to metformin in type 2 diabetes: what modulates the respective decrements in postprandial and basal glucose? Oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) are usually divided into postprandial and basal drugs. As their actions are probably more complex, it is important to ascertain which factors can modulate their effects. Thirty-one type 2 diabetes patients treated with metformin (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 6.5-9%; median, 7.3%) and enrolled in two randomized controlled studies were allocated to either rosiglitazone (Group 1, n = 8) or glimepiride (Group 2, n = 7) and to either vildagliptin or sitagliptin (Group 3 considered as a whole, n = 16). All patients were investigated using continuous glucose monitoring at baseline and after 8-12 weeks of add-on therapy. Areas under the 24-h glycemic profile curves (AUCs) were determined for assessing postprandial (AUCpp), basal (AUCb), and total (AUCtotal) hyperglycemia. After calculation of decrements in AUCs (∂AUCs) from baseline to end of treatment periods, the following contribution ratios of postprandial and basal decrements to the overall glucose decrement were determined: ∂AUCpp/∂AUCtotal and ∂AUCb/∂AUCtotal (%). ∂AUCpp/∂AUCtotal and ∂AUCb/∂AUCtotal were negatively and positively, respectively, associated (R(2) = 0.195, P = 0.013) with baseline HbA1c. ∂AUCpp/∂AUCtotal was significantly higher (50.8 ± 4.8%) in patients with HbA1c <7.3% than in those with HbA1c ≥ 7.3% (27.0 ± 4.4%) (P = 0.001). After adjustment on baseline HbA1c, ∂AUCpp/∂AUCtotal was greater in Group 3 (44.0 ± 1.6%) than in Group 1 (32.1 ± 4%) and 2 (37.0 ± 3.1%) (P = 0.007). Gliptins, glitazones and sulfonylureas concomitantly act on basal and postprandial glucose even though gliptins are more efficient on postprandial glucose. HbA1c appears as a reliable factor for predicting the respective decrements of these two parameters and thus for guiding the choice between the aforementioned drugs. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus', 'interventions': 'Drug: rosiglitazone-metformin fixed dose combination|Drug: metformin + glimepiride'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:0 Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Diabetes|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2|Delivery Systems', 'interventions': 'Device: NovoFine® needle 6 mm|Device: NovoFine® needle 4 mm'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Efficacy, safety and tolerability of escitalopram in doses up to 50 mg in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): an open-label, pilot study. Escitalopram is licensed for use at doses up to 20 mg but is used clinically at higher doses. There is limited published data at higher doses and none in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This open-label, pilot study was designed to investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of escitalopram in doses up to 50 mg in MDD. It was conducted in 60 primary care patients with MDD who had not responded to adequate treatment with citalopram. Patients were treated with escalating doses of escitalopram up to 50 mg for up to 32 weeks until they achieved remission (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] ≤ 8) or failed to tolerate the dose. Forty-two patients (70%) completed the study. Twenty-one patients (35%) achieved remission with 8 of the 21 patients (38%) needing the 50 mg dose to achieve remission. Median time to remission was 24 weeks and median dose in remission was 30 mg. No significant safety issues were identified although tolerability appeared to decline above a dose of 40 mg with 26% of patients unable to tolerate 50 mg. Twelve (20%) patients had adverse events leading to discontinuation. The most common adverse events were headache (35%), nausea, diarrhoea and nasopharyngitis (all 25%). Minor mean weight gain was found during the study, which did not appear to be dose-related. Half of the patients who completed the study chose to continue treatment with escitalopram rather than taper down the dose at 32 weeks. Dose escalation with escitalopram above 20 mg may have a useful role in the management of patients with MDD, although further studies are needed to confirm this finding. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00785434. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Major Depressive Disorder', 'interventions': 'Drug: escitalopram'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Reexamination of pharmacokinetics of oral testosterone undecanoate in hypogonadal men with a new self-emulsifying formulation. Many hypogonadal men prefer oral testosterone (T) treatment. Oral T undecanoate (TU) is available in many countries, but not in the United States. We aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics of oral TU in a new self-emulsifying drug delivery system formulation. Pharmacokinetics studies were conducted in 3 parts: 12 hypogonadal men were enrolled in 2 centers for a 1-day dosing study; 29 participants were enrolled from 3 centers for a 7-day dosing study; and 15 participants were enrolled from 1 center for a 28-day dosing study. Serial blood samples for serum sex hormone measurements by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were drawn for up to 36 hours after oral TU administration. Mean serum T levels (C(avg)) after oral dosing of T 200 mg as TU twice daily with food were within the adult male range in most participants in the 1-, 7-, and 28-day dosing studies but were much lower in the fasting state. The dose-proportional increase in C(avg) of serum T after oral T 300 mg twice daily resulted in more participants with supraphysiologic serum T levels. In the 28-day study, trough serum T reached a steady state at day 7. Serum dihydrotestosterone and estradiol levels tracked serum T concentration. Dihydrotestosterone-testosterone ratios increased 3-fold after oral TU administration. Oral T 200 mg twice daily as TU in a new SEDDS formulation may be a viable therapy for hypogonadal men. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Male Hypogonadism|Primary Hypogonadism|Secondary Hypogonadism', 'interventions': 'Drug: Testosterone undecanoate'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Perianal versus endoanal application of glyceryl trinitrate 0.4% ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: results of a randomized controlled trial. Is this the solution to the headaches? Application of nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate) ointment with perianal administration is a widely used treatment for chronic anal fissure. However, headache occurs after application in 20% to 70% patients and leads to withdrawal in 10% of patients. The aim of the study was to investigate whether endoanal application of the ointment may lower the frequency of headaches without sacrificing effectiveness. compare the effects of perianal versus endoanal administration of nitroglycerin ointment on frequency of headache and rate of healing in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. This was a prospective randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01132391). Study participants were consecutive patients with a diagnosis of chronic anal fissure treated at a university teaching hospital in Elche, Alicante, Spain. Patients were randomly assigned to receive perianal (n = 26) or endoanal (n = 26) administration of 0.4% nitroglycerin ointment (375 mg of ointment containing 1.5 mg of glyceryl trinitrate), applied every 12 hours over an 8-week period. The primary endpoint of the study was the number of patients with headache within 3 hours after application of the ointment, analyzed with the intention-to-treat principle. Intensity of headache pain was rated on a 10-point visual analog scale. Secondary endpoints included frequencies of fissure healing, anorectal pain, rectal bleeding, pruritus, and incontinence. Headaches were reported in 14 (54%) patients with perianal treatment and in 6 patients (23%) with anorectal treatment (p = 0.003). The median headache pain score was 6 (range, 0-10) in the perianal group and 4.5 (range, 0-10) in the endoanal group (p = 0.03). Disabling headaches led to crossover from perianal to endoanal treatment in 4 patients (15%), and from endoanal to perianal treatment in 1 patient (4%) (p = 0.004). Of the 4 patients who switched from perianal to endoanal treatment, 2 reported improvement in headaches and 2 stopped treatment. The patient who switched from endoanal to perianal treatment also showed no improvement and stopped treatment. The healing rate at 24-week follow-up was 62% (16 patients) with perianal treatment and 77% (20 patients) with endoanal treatment (p < 0.05). Effects on sphincter pressure were not evaluated because manometric measurements were not available. Endoanal application significantly reduces the frequency of headaches due to treatment with 0.4% nitroglycerin ointment and results in a higher healing rate compared with perianal administration. However, roughly 1 in 4 patients still experiences headaches. Our data suggest that endoanal application may be a better option for treatment of anal fissure with nitroglycerin ointment. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Chronic Anal Fissure', 'interventions': 'Drug: Rectogesic® (glyceryl trinitrate 0.4% ointment)'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex compared with neostigmine during sevoflurane anaesthesia: results of a randomised, controlled trial. Sugammadex, a modified gamma-cyclodextrin, is a selective relaxant-binding agent designed to reverse the effects of the steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents rocuronium or vecuronium. This study compared the efficacy of sugammadex and neostigmine for reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium for facilitating elective surgery. This randomised, multicentre, parallel-group trial included 98 adult patients. Patients received intravenous propofol for induction followed by sevoflurane maintenance anaesthesia. Neuromuscular blockade was monitored using acceleromyography and a train-of-four (TOF) mode of stimulation. Patients were randomly allocated to receive sugammadex 2.0 mg kg(-1) or neostigmine 50 microg kg (-1) (with glycopyrrolate 10 microg kg(-1)) at reappearance of the second response of the TOF (mean 16% twitch height of first response) after the last dose of rocuronium. Safety was evaluated by assessing adverse events, laboratory variables and vital signs. Time to recovery of the TOF ratio of 0.9 after sugammadex compared with neostigmine was significantly shorter (P < 0.0001), being 1.5 versus 18.6 min (geometric means). Predictability of response was greater with sugammadex than neostigmine: with 98% of sugammadex patients versus 11% of neostigmine patients recovering to a TOF ratio of 0.9 within 5 min. There were no clinical events related to residual neuromuscular blockade or reoccurrence of blockade. Serious adverse events were observed in two sugammadex-treated patients and in three neostigmine-treated patients, respectively, but none were considered related to study drugs. Sugammadex achieved significantly faster recovery of neuromuscular function after rocuronium to a TOF ratio of 0.9 compared with neostigmine (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00451217). Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Anesthesia, General', 'interventions': 'Drug: Sugammadex|Drug: neostigmine'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Effects of an interactive computer game exercise regimen on balance impairment in frail community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Due to the many problems associated with reduced balance and mobility, providing an effective and engaging rehabilitation regimen is essential to progress recovery from impairments and to help prevent further degradation of motor skills. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and benefits of physical therapy based on a task-oriented approach delivered via an engaging, interactive video game paradigm. The intervention focused on performing targeted dynamic tasks, which included reactive balance controls and environmental interaction. This study was a randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted in a geriatric day hospital. Thirty community-dwelling and ambulatory older adults attending the day hospital for treatment of balance and mobility limitations participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. The control group received the typical rehabilitation program consisting of strengthening and balance exercises provided at the day hospital. The experimental group received a program of dynamic balance exercises coupled with video game play, using a center-of-pressure position signal as the computer mouse. The tasks were performed while standing on a fixed floor surface, with progression to a compliant sponge pad. Each group received 16 sessions, scheduled 2 per week, with each session lasting 45 minutes. Data for the following measures were obtained before and after treatment: Berg Balance Scale, Timed "Up & Go" Test, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance, and spatiotemporal gait variables assessed in an instrumented carpet system test. Findings demonstrated significant improvements in posttreatment balance performance scores for both groups, and change scores were significantly greater in the experimental group compared with the control group. No significant treatment effect was observed in either group for the Timed "Up & Go" Test or spatiotemporal gait variables. The sample size was small, and there were group differences at baseline in some performance measures. Dynamic balance exercises on fixed and compliant sponge surfaces were feasibly coupled to interactive game-based exercise. This coupling, in turn, resulted in a greater improvement in dynamic standing balance control compared with the typical exercise program. However, there was no transfer of effect to gait function. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Mobility Limitation', 'interventions': 'Behavioral: game-based balance exercises'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibition produces discordant changes between 99mTc-MDP bone scans and other disease biomarkers: analysis of a phase II study of sunitinib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. One of the central unanswered questions in prostate cancer research is the significance of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-induced improvements in (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-MDP) bone scans. Multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibition has recently shown promise in the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer. In some cases, TKI inhibition has produced unprecedented improvements in bone metastases as detected by (99m)Tc-MDP bone scans. The significance of these improvements is not known. In order to gain insight about the effects of TKIs on bone scans in prostate cancer, we systematically evaluated images from a phase II study of sunitinib, a multitargeted TKI. We analyzed images and data from a previously reported open-label phase II study that enrolled 34 men with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer. Participants received sunitinib in 6-wk cycles (50 mg daily; 4 wk on, 2 wk off). We examined baseline and 12-wk bone scan images. Partial response was defined as an improvement of at least 50% in previous metastatic lesions subjectively or a change from prior diffuse skeletal metastases (superscan) to recognizable individual metastatic lesions. Our primary objective was to define the incidence of at least partial bone scan response. We also examined concomitant changes in CT and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) evidence of disease. Analysis at 12 wk revealed 1 partial response by the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) and 2 confirmed PSA responses. There were 25 subjects who underwent bone scans at both time points (baseline and week 12) and who had bone metastases detectable at baseline. Within that group of 25, we found 5 bone scan partial responses and 1 complete response. None of those 6 subjects exhibited a PSA response (≥50% decline from baseline) or RECIST response. We found a relatively high rate of (99m)Tc-MDP bone scan response to sunitinib among men with metastatic prostate cancer. Further, we found that none of the subjects exhibiting bone scan responses experienced concordant improvements in PSA or CT evidence of disease by accepted criteria. This discordance argues that osteoblastic assessment provides an incomplete assessment of treatment-induced changes. Rational development of multitargeted TKIs for prostate cancer requires improved understanding of treatment-induced bone scan changes. Optimal imaging strategies may include evaluation of perfusion or direct tumor activity. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Prostate Cancer', 'interventions': 'Drug: Sunitinib'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Achievement of targeted saturation values in extremely low gestational age neonates resuscitated with low or high oxygen concentrations: a prospective, randomized trial. Extremely low gestational age neonates have very low oxygen saturation in utero and an immature antioxidant defense system. Abrupt increases in oxygen saturation after birth may cause oxidative stress. We compared achievement of a targeted oxygen saturation of 85% at 10 minutes of life when resuscitation was initiated with low or high fractions of inspired oxygen and levels were adjusted according to preductal pulse oxygen saturation values. A prospective, randomized, clinical trial was performed in 2 level III neonatal referral units. Patients of < or = 28 weeks of gestation who required active resuscitation were randomly assigned to the low-oxygen group (fraction of inspired oxygen: 30%) or the high-oxygen group (fraction of inspired oxygen: 90%). Every 60 to 90 seconds, the fraction of inspired oxygen was increased in 10% steps if bradycardia occurred (< 100 beats per minute) or was decreased in similar steps if pulse oxygen saturation reached values of > 85%. Preductal pulse oxygen saturation was continuously monitored. The fraction of inspired oxygen in the low-oxygen group was increased stepwise to 45% and that in the high-oxygen group was reduced to 45% to reach a stable pulse oxygen saturation of approximately 85% at 5 to 7 minutes in both groups. No differences in oxygen saturation in minute-to-minute registers were found independent of the initial fraction of inspired oxygen used 4 minutes after cord clamping. No differences in mortality rates in the early neonatal period were detected. Resuscitation can be safely initiated for extremely low gestational age neonates with a low fraction of inspired oxygen (approximately 30%), which then should be adjusted to the infant's needs, reducing the oxygen load to the neonate. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Birth Asphyxia|Premature Birth', 'interventions': 'Procedure: Resuscitation|Procedure: Resuscitation'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Ciclosporin versus infliximab in patients with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to intravenous steroids: a parallel, open-label randomised controlled trial. Ciclosporin and infliximab are potential rescue treatments to avoid colectomy in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis refractory to intravenous corticosteroids. We compared the efficacy and safety of these drugs for this indication. In this parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trial, patients were aged at least 18 years, had an acute severe flare of ulcerative colitis defined by a Lichtiger score greater than 10 points, and had been given an unsuccessful course of high-dose intravenous steroids. None of the patients had previously received ciclosporin or infliximab. Between June 1, 2007, and Aug 31, 2010, patients at 27 European centres were randomly assigned (via computer-derived permutation tables; 1:1) to receive either intravenous ciclosporin (2 mg/kg per day for 1 week, followed by oral drug until day 98) or infliximab (5 mg/kg on days 0, 14, and 42). In both groups, azathioprine was started at day 7 in patients with a clinical response. Neither patients nor investigators were masked to study treatment. The primary efficacy outcome was treatment failure defined by absence of a clinical response at day 7, a relapse between day 7 and day 98, absence of steroid-free remission at day 98, a severe adverse event leading to treatment interruption, colectomy, or death. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with EudraCT (2006-005299-42) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00542152). 115 patients were randomly assigned; 58 patients were allocated to receive ciclosporin and 57 to receive infliximab. Treatment failure occurred in 35 (60%) patients given ciclosporin and 31 (54%) given infliximab (absolute risk difference 6%; 95% CI -7 to 19; p=0·52). Nine (16%) patients in the ciclosporin group and 14 (25%) in the infliximab group had severe adverse events. Ciclosporin was not more effective than infliximab in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis refractory to intravenous steroids. In clinical practice, treatment choice should be guided by physician and centre experience. Association François Aupetit, Société Nationale Française de Gastroentérologie, and the International Organization for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Ulcerative Colitis|Steroid Refractory', 'interventions': 'Drug: CYCLOSPORINE VS INFLIXIMAB'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Comparison of 2 intensification regimens with rapid-acting insulin aspart in type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by once-daily insulin detemir and oral antidiabetes drugs: the step-wise randomized study. To compare the efficacy and safety of 2 intensification strategies for stepwise addition of prandial insulin aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin detemir. This randomized, controlled, parallel-group, open-label, 48-week trial compared the stepwise addition of insulin aspart to either the largest meal (titration based on premeal glucose values [SimpleSTEP]) or to the meal with the largest prandial glucose increment (titration based on postmeal glucose values [ExtraSTEP]) in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin and oral antidiabetes drugs. After 12 weeks of basal insulin detemir dosage optimization, participants with a hemoglobin A1c level of 7% or greater entered three 12-week treatment periods with stepwise addition of a first insulin aspart bolus, then a second, and then a third, if hemoglobin A1c remained at 7% or greater after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment, respectively. Endpoints included hemoglobin A1c (primary endpoint), fasting plasma glucose, self-measured plasma glucose, adverse events, and hypoglycemia. Two hundred ninety-six patients were randomly assigned to treatment with insulin aspart in the SimpleSTEP (n = 150) and ExtraSTEP (n = 146) groups. Hemoglobin A1c decreased by approximately 1.2% in both groups, to 7.5 ± 1.1% (Simple-STEP) and 7.7 ± 1.2% (ExtraSTEP) at end of trial (estimated treatment difference, SimpleSTEP - ExtraSTEP: -0.06% [95% confidence interval, -0.29 to 0.17]). Self-measured plasma glucose levels decreased with both regimens. At trial end, approximately 75% of patients in each group were using 3 prandial injections. The frequency of adverse events and hypoglycemia was low and similar between groups. The SimpleSTEP and ExtraSTEP strategies for stepwise addition of insulin aspart to 1 or more meals were equally effective at intensifying therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes not achieving glycemic control on basal insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Diabetes|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'interventions': 'Drug: insulin detemir|Drug: insulin aspart|Drug: insulin aspart'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Immunization responses in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with rituximab: results from a controlled clinical trial. To examine immunization responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with rituximab and to investigate the effects of rituximab-induced CD20+ B cell depletion on immune responses to tetanus toxoid (T cell-dependent antigen), pneumococcal polysaccharide (T cell-independent antigen), and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) (neoantigen) and on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). In a controlled trial, we enrolled 103 patients with active RA receiving a stable dose of methotrexate (MTX). Tetanus toxoid, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and KLH vaccines as well as a Candida albicans skin test were administered to 1 group of patients receiving rituximab plus MTX (called rituximab-treated patients) for 36 weeks and to 1 group of patients receiving MTX alone for 12 weeks. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with a >or=4-fold rise in antitetanus IgG levels. Antitetanus, antipneumococcal, and anti-KLH serum IgG levels were measured prior to and 4 weeks following vaccine administration. The DTH response to C albicans was measured 2-3 days following placement. Responses to tetanus toxoid vaccine (>or=4-fold rise) were similar in both groups (39.1% of rituximab-treated patients and 42.3% of patients treated with MTX alone). The ability to maintain a positive DTH response to the C albicans skin test was comparable in both groups (77.4% of rituximab-treated patients and 70% of patients treated with MTX alone), showing no effect of rituximab treatment. Rituximab-treated patients had decreased responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (57% of patients had a 2-fold rise in titer in response to >or=1 serotype, compared with 82% of patients treated with MTX alone) and to KLH vaccine (47% of patients had detectable anti-KLH IgG, compared with 93% of patients treated with MTX alone). Recall responses to the T cell-dependent protein antigen tetanus toxoid as well as DTH responses were preserved in rituximab-treated RA patients 24 weeks after treatment. Responses to neoantigen (KLH) and T cell-independent responses to pneumococcal vaccine were decreased, but many patients were able to mount responses. These data suggest that polysaccharide and primary immunizations should be administered prior to rituximab infusions to maximize responses. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'interventions': 'Drug: methotrexate|Drug: methylprednisolone|Drug: rituximab'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Rapid acute treatment of agitation in individuals with schizophrenia: multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled study of inhaled loxapine. There is a need for a rapid-acting, non-injection, acute treatment for agitation. To evaluate inhaled loxapine for acute treatment of agitation in schizophrenia. This phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00628589) enrolled 344 individuals who received one, two or three doses of inhaled loxapine (5 or 10 mg) or a placebo. Lorazepam rescue was permitted after dose two. The primary efficacy end-point was change from baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC) 2 h after dose one. The key secondary end-point was Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale (CGI-I) score 2 h after dose one. Inhaled loxapine (5 and 10 mg) significantly reduced agitation compared with placebo as assessed by primary and key secondary end-points. Reduced PANSS-EC score was evident 10 min after dose one with both 5 and 10 mg doses. Inhaled loxapine was well tolerated, and the most common adverse events were known effects of loxapine or minor oral effects common with inhaled medications. Inhaled loxapine provided a rapid, well-tolerated acute treatment for agitation in people with schizophrenia. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Schizophrenic Patients With Acute Agitation', 'interventions': 'Drug: loxapine|Drug: loxapine|Drug: placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Triptorelin 6-month formulation in the management of patients with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: an open-label, non-comparative, multicentre, phase III study. Triptorelin 6-month formulation was developed to offer greater convenience to both patients and physicians by reducing the injection frequency. The efficacy, pharmacokinetics and safety of a new 6-month formulation of triptorelin were investigated over 12 months (48 weeks). The primary objective was to evaluate the formulation in achieving castrate serum testosterone levels (< or = 1.735 nmol/L or < or = 50 ng/dL) on day 29 and in maintaining castration at months 2-12. Absence of luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulation and change in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level were also assessed. An open-label, non-comparative, phase III study in 120 patients with advanced prostate cancer was conducted from July 2006 to August 2007 in private and public institutions in South Africa. Each patient received two consecutive intramuscular injections of triptorelin embonate (pamoate) 22.5 mg at an interval of 24 weeks. In all patients, testosterone (primary outcome measurement) was measured at baseline and then every 4 weeks; LH was measured before and 2 hours after the two injections. PSA was measured on day 1 and at weeks 12, 24, 36 and 48. Adverse events were recorded at each visit. In the intent-to-treat population, 97.5% (95% CI 92.9, 99.5) of patients achieved castrate serum testosterone levels by day 29, and 93.0% (95% CI 86.8, 97.0) maintained castration at months 2-12. After the second injection, 98.3% of patients showed absence of LH stimulation. The most frequent drug-related adverse events were hot flushes (71.7% of patients). No patient withdrew from the study as a result of an adverse event. The triptorelin 6-month formulation was well tolerated and was able to achieve and maintain castration for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. By reducing the frequency of required injections, this new formulation offers a more convenient treatment regimen. (Clinical Trial Registration,NCT00751790 at www.clinicaltrials.gov). Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Prostatic Neoplasm', 'interventions': 'Drug: triptorelin embonate (INN)'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Remifentanil improves breathing pattern and reduces inspiratory workload in tachypneic patients. Properly titrated opiates decrease respiratory rate but do not affect tidal volume or induce respiratory acidosis. To determine whether remifentanil improves breathing pattern or reduces inspiratory effort in patients with acute respiratory failure and tachypnea or rapid shallow breathing. We studied 14 patients who developed tachypnea and/or rapid shallow breathing if the pressure support level was reduced. During pressure support ventilation, each patient received 30-min infusions, separated by 30 min, of remifentanil and placebo. Measurements were obtained before commencing and before stopping each infusion, and after 3 min of unassisted breathing. The main outcomes were rapid shallow breathing index and change in pressure-time product. Remifentanil did not significantly affect tidal volume. During pressure support ventilation, remifentanil infusion reduced respiratory rate, pressure-time product, and cardiovascular double product (heart rate × systolic arterial pressure) without modifying the sedation score. Mean P(aCO(2)) showed a small and clinically negligible increase during remifentanil, but P(aCO(2)) increased more in the hypercapnic patients than in the normocapnic patients. Remifentanil reduced the rapid shallow breathing index after 3 min of unassisted breathing. Remifentanil improved respiratory pattern and decreased inspiratory muscles effort in patients with tachypnea or rapid shallow breathing, but did not affect oxygenation or sedation. Though the acid-base balance did not show clinically relevant changes on average, we cannot exclude the possibility that remifentanil might prolong weaning in hypercapnic patients. (Clinical-Trials.gov registration NCT00665119.) Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Respiratory Insufficiency|Respiration, Artificial|Conscious Sedation', 'interventions': 'Drug: remifentanil|Drug: placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Safety of extended treatment with sapropterin dihydrochloride in patients with phenylketonuria: results of a phase 3b study. Phenylketonuria (PKU) results from impaired breakdown of phenylalanine (Phe) due to deficient phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) activity. Sapropterin dihydrochloride (sapropterin, Kuvan®) is the only US- and EU-approved pharmaceutical version of naturally occurring 6R-BH(4), the cofactor required for PAH activity. Sapropterin enhances residual PAH activity in sapropterin-responsive PKU patients and, in conjunction with dietary management, helps reduce blood Phe concentrations for optimal control. Approval was based on the positive safety and efficacy results of four international clinical studies, the longest of which was 22 weeks in duration. To evaluate the safety of long-term treatment with sapropterin in PKU subjects who participated in previous Phase 3 sapropterin trials. PKU-008 was designed as a Phase 3b, multicenter, multinational, open-label, 3-year extension trial to evaluate the long-term safety of sapropterin in patients with PKU who were classified as sapropterin responders and participated in prior Phase 3 sapropterin studies: 111 subjects aged 4-50 years completed prior studies and were subsequently enrolled in study PKU-008. Routine safety monitoring was performed at 3-month intervals and included adverse event reporting, blood Phe monitoring, clinical laboratory evaluations, physical examinations and vital sign measurements. Average exposure during PKU-008 was 658.7±221.3 days (range, 56-953; median, 595). The average total duration of participation in multiple studies (PKU-001, PKU-003, PKU-004, and PKU-008; or PKU-006 and PKU-008) was 799.0±237.5 days (range, 135-1151). The mean sapropterin dose was 16.2±4.7 mg/kg/day. Most adverse events were considered unrelated to treatment, were mild or moderate in severity, and were consistent with prior studies of sapropterin. No age-specific differences were observed in adverse event reporting. Three subjects discontinued treatment due to adverse events that were considered possibly or probably related to study treatment (one each of difficulty concentrating, decreased platelet count, and intermittent diarrhea). No deaths were reported. Of seven reported serious adverse events, one was considered possibly related to study treatment (gastroesophageal reflux). There were no laboratory or physical examination abnormalities requiring medical interventions. For most subjects, blood Phe concentrations were consistently within target range, confirming the durability of response in subjects undergoing extended treatment with sapropterin. Sapropterin treatment was found to be safe and well tolerated at doses of 5 to 20mg/kg/day for an average exposure of 659 days. This study supports the safety and tolerability of sapropterin as long-term treatment for patients with PKU. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Phenylketonuria', 'interventions': 'Drug: sapropterin dihydrochloride'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Sublingual immunotherapy for Alternaria-induced allergic rhinitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Respiratory allergy due to Alternaria is a relevant clinical problem, and specific immunotherapy may represent a viable treatment option. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is safe and effective, but data for Alternaria are lacking. To assess the efficacy of standardized SLIT in patients sensitized to Alternaria in a randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients with rhinitis with or without intermittent asthma and ascertained allergy to Alternaria were enrolled. After a baseline season, SLIT or matched placebo was given for 10 months. Symptoms and rescue medication intake were recorded on diary cards between June and October. Skin prick testing was performed and specific IgE, IgG4, and precipitin levels were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Twenty-seven patients (age range, 14-42 years) were randomized, and 26 completed the study. The baseline characteristics were homogeneous in the 2 groups. After treatment, patients receiving SLIT had a significant improvement in symptoms and a reduction in medication intake vs placebo and vs the run-in season, whereas no change was seen in the placebo group. Skin prick test reactivity significantly decreased only in the SLIT group. No change was seen in specific IgG4 levels in the 2 groups, whereas Alt a 1 specific IgE levels significantly increased in the active group. One patient in the active group reported oral itching and conjunctivitis at the beginning of treatment. SLIT seems effective and safe and may represent a valuable therapeutic option in respiratory allergy due to Alternaria. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Allergic Rhinitis (w/w Asthma) Due to Alternaria Alternata', 'interventions': 'Biological: sublingual immunotherapy|Biological: placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Adding montelukast to fluticasone propionate/salmeterol for control of asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Limited information exists comparing fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination (FSC) versus montelukast (MON) in patients with coexistent asthma and allergic rhinitis. The purpose of this study was to compare the addition of MON to patients receiving FSC on asthma control while experiencing asthma and allergy symptoms. Additionally, the effect of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) and MON were assessed in allergic rhinitis control. Symptomatic patients (n = 1385) with asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis were randomized to receive FSC, 100/50 micrograms twice daily; FSC twice daily + FPANS, 200 micrograms once daily; FSC twice daily + MON, 10 mg once daily; or MON once daily for 4 weeks during the allergy pollen season. Patients recorded peak expiratory flow, rescue albuterol use, and asthma and rhinitis symptoms. No additional improvements in overall asthma control were seen when MON was added to FSC. Treatment with FSC produced significant (p < 0.001) improvements in all clinical and patient-reported measures versus MON. FSC + FPANS was superior to FSC + MON (p < or = 0.001) in improving daytime and nighttime total nasal symptom scores. Adverse events were similar. In patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis, adding MON to FSC provided no additional benefit in asthma control. FSC resulted in superior improvement in asthma control compared with MON. FPANS also provided superior nasal symptom control versus MON in allergic patients treated with FSC for asthma. Optimal disease control in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis should be achieved by the most effective therapy directed toward each disease component. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Asthma|Allergic Rhinitis', 'interventions': 'Drug: montelukast|Drug: fluticasone propionate|Drug: fluticasone propionate/salmeterol'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Lack of protective effect of tiotropium vs induced dynamic hyperinflation in moderate COPD. Novel evaluation of protective effect of tiotropium against induced dynamic hyperinflation (DH) during metronome paced hyperventilation (MPH) in moderate COPD. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo control, crossover study. Lung function measured pre/post MPH at 30 breaths/min for 20 s in 29 (18 M) COPD patients (GOLD Stage 2) age 70±9 yr (mean ± SD) before and after 30 days of 18 μg tiotropium bromide vs placebo. Lung CT scored for emphysema (ES). At baseline post 180 μg aerosolized albuterol sulfate, FEV(1): 1.8±0.6 L (69±6% pred) and ≥60% predicted in all, and 14 of 29 had FEV(1) (L) ≥70% predicted with FEV(1)/FVC 58±8%. After 29 days + 23 h post tiotropium (trough) there was significant decrease only in FRC/TLC% (p=0.04); after 30 days + 2 h post tiotropium (peak) significant increase only in FEV(1) (L) (p=0.03) compared to placebo. Results post MPH induced DH at baseline and after 30 days and 2 h post placebo or tiotropium were similar with decrease in IC 0.44±0.06 L (p<0.001). Correlation between ES and increased FEV(1) (L) at peak tiotropium: r=0.19, p=0.96 and decreased FRC/TLC% at trough tiotropium: r=-0.26, p=0.36. In moderate COPD, tiotropium did not reduce MPH induced DH and reduction in IC. However, at peak tiotropium, there was significant bronchodilation in FEV(1) (L) and at trough a decrease in FRC/TLC% compared to placebo despite varying emphysema. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'COPD', 'interventions': 'Drug: tiotropium|Drug: placebo|Drug: tiotropium'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Dexamethasone intravitreal implant for noninfectious intermediate or posterior uveitis. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 doses of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX implant) for treatment of noninfectious intermediate or posterior uveitis. In this 26-week trial, eyes with noninfectious intermediate or posterior uveitis were randomized to a single treatment with a 0.7-mg DEX implant (n = 77), 0.35-mg DEX implant (n = 76), or sham procedure (n = 76). The main outcome measure was the proportion of eyes with a vitreous haze score of 0 at week 8. The proportion of eyes with a vitreous haze score of 0 at week 8 was 47% with the 0.7-mg DEX implant, 36% with the 0.35-mg DEX implant, and 12% with the sham (P < .001); this benefit persisted through week 26. A gain of 15 or more letters from baseline best-corrected visual acuity was seen in significantly more eyes in the DEX implant groups than the sham group at all study visits. The percentage of eyes with intraocular pressure of 25 mm Hg or more peaked at 7.1% for the 0.7-mg DEX implant, 8.7% for the 0.35-mg DEX implant, and 4.2% for the sham (P > .05 at any visit). The incidence of cataract reported in the phakic eyes was 9 of 62 (15%) with the 0.7-mg DEX implant, 6 of 51 (12%) with the 0.35-mg DEX implant, and 4 of 55 (7%) with the sham (P > .05). In patients with noninfectious intermediate or posterior uveitis, a single DEX implant significantly improved intraocular inflammation and visual acuity persisting for 6 months. Application to Clinical Practice Dexamethasone intravitreal implant may be used safely and effectively for treatment of intermediate and posterior uveitis. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00333814. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Intermediate Uveitis|Posterior Uveitis', 'interventions': 'Drug: Dexamethasone|Drug: dexamethasone|Drug: Sham injection'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Renal responses to three types of renin-angiotensin system blockers in patients with diabetes mellitus on a high-salt diet: a need for higher doses in diabetic patients? Activation of the renal renin-angiotensin system in patients with diabetes mellitus appears to contribute to the risk of nephropathy. Recently, it has been recognized than an elevation of prorenin in plasma also provides a strong indication of risk of nephropathy. This study was designed to examine renin-angiotensin system control mechanisms in the patient with diabetes mellitus. We enrolled 43 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All individuals were on a high-salt diet to minimize the contribution of the systemic renin-angiotensin system. After an acute exposure to captopril (25 mg), they were randomized to treatment with either irbesartan (300 mg) or aliskiren (300 mg) for 2 weeks. All agents acutely lowered blood pressure and plasma aldosterone, and increased renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. Yet, only captopril and aliskiren acutely increased plasma renin and decreased plasma angiotensin II, whereas irbesartan acutely affected neither renin nor angiotensin II. Plasma renin and angiotensin II subsequently did increase upon chronic irbesartan treatment. When given on day 14, irbesartan and aliskiren again induced the above hemodynamic, renal and adrenal effects, yet without significantly changing plasma renin. Irbesartan at that time did not affect plasma angiotensin II, whereas aliskiren lowered it to almost zero. The relative resistance of the renal renin response to acute (irbesartan) and chronic (irbesartan and aliskiren) renin-angiotensin system blockade supports the concept of an activated renal renin-angiotensin system in diabetes, particularly at the level of the juxtaglomerular cell, and implies that diabetic patients might require higher doses of renin-angiotensin system blockers to fully suppress the renal renin-angiotensin system. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus', 'interventions': 'Drug: Aliskiren|Drug: Irbesartan|Drug: Captopril'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:The effects of melatonin on sleep-wake rhythm of daytime haemodialysis patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study (EMSCAP study). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep-wake rhythm in haemodialysis patients. The study design is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of 3 x 6 weeks melatonin 3 mg at 22.00 h every night. Haemodialysis patients were asked to fill out a sleep questionnaire and to wear an actometer to record their sleep problems objectively. Furthermore, melatonin concentrations in saliva were sampled the night after daytime haemodialysis and the consecutive night. Actometers, the sleep questionnaire and melatonin concentrations were repeated during the study. In total, 20 patients (six female, median age 71 years) completed the investigation. On nights after daytime dialysis, objective sleep onset latency decreased significantly from a median of 44.5 (placebo) to a median of 15.5 min with melatonin (P < 0.01). Sleep efficiency increased from 67.3 to 73.1% with melatonin (P < 0.05). Actual sleep time increased from 376 min (placebo) to 388 min with melatonin (P < 0.01), and sleep fragmentation decreased from 4.5 to 3.1 (P < 0.01). Furthermore, subjective sleep parameters improved also. Patients reported less time needed to fall asleep (P < 0.05) and fewer wake periods (P < 0.05) on the nights with and without daytime dialysis and an increase in sleep time on the night of daytime dialysis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the nocturnal melatonin rise was recovered. Treatment with melatonin resulted in an improvement of subjective and objective sleep parameters, as well as a recovered nocturnal melatonin rhythm. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Hemodialysis|Peritoneal Dialysis|Sleep Problems', 'interventions': 'Drug: Melatonin'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:A phase II study of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) NanoCrystal® dispersion (NCD) in patients with taxane-refractory, metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). 2ME2 (Panzem®) is a non-estrogenic derivative of estradiol with antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity. Preclinical data support antitumor activity in prostate cancer. This trial evaluated the efficacy of 2ME2 NCD in patients with taxane-refractory, metastatic CRPC. Patients with metastatic CRPC who had progressed on only one prior taxane-based regimen were eligible. All patients received 2ME2 NCD at 1,500 mg orally four times daily, repeated in 28 day cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival at month 6, with a secondary endpoint of PSA response. An exploratory endpoint was metabolic response on FDG-PET imaging. A total of 50 pts was planned. The study was terminated after 21 pts when a futility analysis showed the primary endpoint was unlikely to be reached. The median number of cycles on study was 2 (range <1 to 12). Adverse events (AE) of grade ≥3 related to the study drug occurred in 7 unique patients (33%): elevations in liver function tests, fatigue or weakness, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and hyponatremia. Paired FDG-PET scans were obtained for 11 pts. No metabolic responses were observed. 2ME2 NCD did not appear to have clinically significant activity in this study. 2ME2 NCD was well-tolerated and showed some evidence of biologic activity. Given the aggressive biology in this taxane-refractory population, the potential benefit from a cytostatic agent like 2ME2 might better be realized in the pre-chemotherapy (or rising PSA only) stage of CRPC. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Prostate Cancer', 'interventions': 'Drug: Panzem® NCD'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Anti-HBs antibody persistence following primary vaccination with an investigational AS02(v)-adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine in patients with renal insufficiency. Three doses of the investigational AS02(v)-adjuvanted hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine HB-AS02 have been shown to induce more rapid seroprotection and higher anti-HBs antibody concentrations in patients with renal insufficiency than four doses of FENDrix™ (HB-AS04), an adjuvanted HBV vaccine licensed in Europe for use in this population. This study evaluated persistence of immune response up to 36 months after primary vaccination. In this open, international, Phase III follow-up study, 151 pre-dialysis, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients ≥15 years of age received HB-AS02 at 0, 1, 6 months and 149 received HB-AS04 at 0, 1, 2, 6 months. Of these, 99 and 80 returned at Month 36, 76 and 62 of whom were eligible for inclusion in the Long-Term According-To-Protocol (LT-ATP) cohort for descriptive analysis of antibody persistence (mean age: 65.6 years). At Month 36, 89.5% of subjects in the HB-AS02 group and 72.6% of those in the HB-AS04 group had anti-HBs antibody concentrations ≥10 mIU/ml. Anti-HBs antibody concentrations were ≥100 mIU/ml in 82.9% and 35.5% of subjects, respectively. Anti-HBs geometric mean antibody concentrations were higher in the HB-AS02 group over the 36 months of follow-up. An exploratory "time to boost" analysis confirmed that subjects who received HB-AS02 were 2.54 times more likely than those who received HB-AS04 to have anti-HBs antibody concentrations ≥10 mIU/ml at Month 36 (p=0.013 [95% CI: 1.22, 5.31]). HB-AS02 candidate vaccine induces high and persistent anti-HBs antibody levels in pre-dialysis, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients, potentially reducing the need for booster doses in this population. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Hepatitis B', 'interventions': 'Biological: Henogen HB vaccine|Biological: Fendrix vaccine'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:A randomized trial of doxycycline for Mansonella perstans infection. Mansonella perstans infection is common in areas of Africa where Wuchereria bancrofti, a causative agent of lymphatic filariasis, is endemic. M. perstans is refractory to standard antifilarial therapies. The recent discovery of bacterial endosymbionts (e.g., wolbachia) in most filarial species, including M. perstans, provides new therapeutic options for reducing microfilaremia. In an open-label, randomized trial, we recruited subjects with M. perstans microfilaremia, with or without concomitant W. bancrofti infection, from four villages in Mali and randomly assigned them to receive doxycycline, at a dose of 200 mg daily for 6 weeks (106 subjects), or no treatment (110). At 6 months, subjects who were coinfected with W. bancrofti underwent a second random assignment, to treatment with a single dose of albendazole (400 mg) and ivermectin (150 microg per kilogram of body weight) or no treatment. Subjects were monitored daily during the first 6-week study period for adverse events. M. perstans and W. bancrofti microfilarial levels were assessed at 6, 12, and 36 months. At 12 months, 67 of 69 subjects who had received treatment with doxycycline only (97%) had no detectable M. perstans microfilariae per 60 microl of blood, as compared with 10 of 63 subjects who had received no treatment (16%) (relative risk, 6.18; 95% confidence interval, 3.63 to 11.89; P<0.001). At 36 months, M. perstans microfilaremia remained suppressed in 48 of 64 subjects who had received treatment with doxycycline only (75%), a finding that was consistent with a macrofilaricidal effect of doxycycline. Vomiting was more frequent in the doxycycline-treated group than in the untreated group (17% vs. 4%). These results are consistent with previous findings that M. perstans harbors the intracellular endosymbiont, wolbachia, and suggest that doxycycline is an effective therapy for M. perstans infection. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00340691.) Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Mansonella Perstans Infection|Mp Microfilaremia', 'interventions': 'Drug: Doxycycline'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Safety and efficacy of ABT-089 in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. To assess the safety and efficacy of ABT-089, a novel α(4)β(2) neuronal nicotinic receptor partial agonist, vs. placebo in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies of children 6 through 12 years of age were conducted. Study 1 (n = 274) assessed six treatment groups over 8 weeks: 4 once-daily (QD) ABT-089 doses (0.085-0.700 mg/kg), QD atomoxetine, and placebo. Study 2 (n = 119) assessed three treatment groups over 6 weeks: 2 QD ABT-089 doses (0.7 mg/kg, 1.4 mg/kg) and placebo. The primary efficacy variable was the investigator-administered Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV: Home Version (ADHD-RS-IV [HV]) Total Score. Safety was assessed by adverse event (AE) monitoring, laboratory tests, vital signs, physical examinations, and electrocardiogram measures. There was no statistically significant difference between ABT-089 and placebo in mean change from baseline to final evaluation of ADHD-RS-IV (HV) Total Score or other outcome measures at any dose in either study. In Study 1, atomoxetine showed statistically significant improvement for the primary and most secondary endpoints. ABT-089 was generally safe and well tolerated, with no statistically significant difference between any ABT-089 dose and placebo in the overall incidence of any specific AE, and no clinically significant changes in other safety measures. ABT-089 did not show efficacy on the primary efficacy variable, the ADHD-RS-IV (HV) Total Score, or other measures of ADHD symptomatology in children with ADHD, and had a safety profile similar to placebo. These results contrast with published reports of efficacy of nicotinic modulators in adults with ADHD. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder', 'interventions': 'Drug: ABT-089|Drug: placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Efficacy and safety of bilastine 20 mg compared with cetirizine 10 mg and placebo in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. Bilastine is a non-sedating second-generation H(1) antihistamine with proven efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and urticaria. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of bilastine in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). In a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study, patients with symptomatic PAR (n = 650) from Argentina, Europe, and South Africa received bilastine 20 mg, cetirizine 10 mg, or placebo once daily for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was the mean area under the curve (AUC) of reflective total 6-symptom scores (rT6SS) from baseline visit to day 28 (D28). Secondary outcome measures included mean AUC of instantaneous total 6-symptom scores (iT6SS), and mean AUCs of reflective and instantaneous total 4-nasal symptom scores (T4NSS) and total 2-ocular symptom scores (T2OSS) from baseline to D28. An open-label extension phase evaluated the safety of bilastine 20 mg administered to patients (n = 513) for one year. In the overall population no significant differences in efficacy outcomes were found between active treatments and placebo. On account of the high placebo response in South Africa, a post-hoc analysis was conducted. This analysis demonstrated that statistically significant differences existed between active treatments and placebo in the mean AUC of rT6SS (p < 0.05) and T4NSS (p < 0.02), respectively, from baseline to D28 visit for the intent-to-treat population in patients from Europe and Argentina, whereas the difference was not statistically significant in South Africa. Whether this is related to differences in the demographic or clinical characteristics of South African patients (they had PAR for longer and reported more severe symptoms) and/or the disease management process compared with their European and Argentinean counterparts warrants further investigation. A post-hoc analysis indicated that bilastine and cetirizine were similarly effective and more effective than placebo during a 4-week treatment period in patients with PAR. In addition, bilastine was shown to be safe and well-tolerated over a 1-year treatment period. NCT01127620. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Perennial Allergic Rhinitis', 'interventions': 'Drug: Bilastine|Drug: Cetirizine|Drug: Placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:A single dose of unadjuvanted novel 2009 H1N1 vaccine is immunogenic and well tolerated in young and elderly adults. When the novel H1N1 influenza A strain appeared in April of 2009, development of novel H1N1 vaccines became a public health priority. We conducted a phase‐2, multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled, observer‐blind clinical trial of a 2009 H1N1 vaccine in 1313 young (age, 18-64 years) and older (age, >or=65 years) adults. Participants were randomized 1:4:4:4 to receive 2 doses of placebo or 7.5, 15, or 30 μg of H1N1 hemagglutinin administered 21 days apart. In post hoc analyses, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers measured at baseline and after vaccination were analyzed for young adults (age, 18-64 years), "younger elderly" adults (age, 65-74 years), and "very elderly" adults (age, >or=75 years). At baseline, 28.8% of young adults, 43.9% of younger elderly adults, and 62.9% of very elderly adults had HI titers to A/2009 H1N1 of >or=1:40. A single 7.5‐μg dose induced HI titers >or=1:40 in 94.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91.8%-96.3%) of all adults. After one 7.5‐μg dose, the geometric mean titers achieved were 326.4 (95% CI, 275.9-386.0) in young adults, 155.4 (95% CI, 123.4-195.8) in "younger elderly" adults, and 243.9 (95% CI, 167.1-356.0) in "very elderly" adults. This large phase-2 trial demonstrated that a single 7.5‐μg dose of a monovalent unadjuvanted H1N1 vaccine induced protective HI antibody levels in adults of all ages, including very elderly adults. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00958126. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Influenza', 'interventions': 'Biological: CSL425|Biological: CSL425|Biological: Placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of tigecycline in children aged 8 to 11 years with selected serious infections: a multicenter, open-label, ascending-dose study. Tigecycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic used for treating serious bacterial infections in adults, may be suitable for pediatric use once an appropriate dosage is determined. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, safety profile, and descriptive efficacy of tigecycline. In this Phase II, multicenter, open-label clinical trial, children aged 8 to 11 years with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI), or complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) were administered tigecycline 0.75, 1, or 1.25 mg/kg. A total of 58 patients received ≥ 1 dose of tigecycline (31 boys; 44 white; mean age, 10 years; mean weight, 35 kg); 47 had data from samples available for PK analysis. The mean (SD) PK values were: C(max), 1899 (2954) ng/mL; T(max), 0.56 (0.18) hour; between-dose AUC, 2833 (1557) ng · h/mL; weight-normalized clearance, 0.503 (0.293) L/h/kg; and Vd(ss), 4.88 (4.84) L/kg. Overall clinical cure rates at test-of-cure were 94% (16/17), 76% (16/21), and 75% (15/20) in the 0.75-, 1-, and 1.25-mg/kg cohorts, respectively. The rates of protocol violations were higher in the 1- and 1.25-mg/kg groups, resulting in higher proportions of indeterminate clinical cure assessments relative to the 0.75-mg/kg cohort (19% and 15% vs 0%). The most frequent adverse event was nausea, which occurred in 50% of patients overall (29/58) and the prevalence of which was significantly higher in the 1.25-mg/kg group versus the 0.75-mg/kg group (65% vs 18%; P = 0.007). Pharmacodynamic simulations using MIC data from an ongoing microbiological surveillance trial predicted that a dosage of 1.2 mg/kg q12h would lead to therapeutic target attainment levels of up to 82% for the target AUC(0-24)/MIC ratios. A tigecycline dosage of ∼1.2 mg/kg q12h may represent the most appropriate dosage for subsequent evaluation in Phase III clinical trials in children aged 8 to 11 years with selected serious bacterial infections. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00488345. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Bacterial Infections|Intra-Abdominal Infection|Pneumonia, Bacterial|Skin Diseases, Bacterial|Skin Diseases, Infectious', 'interventions': 'Drug: Tygacil'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Optimal timing of invasive angiography in stable non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the Leipzig Immediate versus early and late PercutaneouS coronary Intervention triAl in NSTEMI (LIPSIA-NSTEMI Trial). The optimal timing of intervention in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) remains uncertain. The aim of this multicentre trial was to assess whether an immediate invasive approach is superior to an early invasive or a selective invasive approach with respect to reduction of large infarction. Patients with NSTEMI were randomized to either an immediate (<2 h after randomization; n= 201), an early (10-48 h after randomization; n= 200), or a selective invasive approach with high invasive percentage (n= 201). The primary outcome was the peak creatine kinase (CK)-myocardial band (MB) activity during index hospitalization; key secondary clinical endpoints were the composite of (i) death and non-fatal infarction; (ii) death, non-fatal infarction, and refractory ischaemia; (iii) death, non-fatal infarction, refractory ischaemia, and rehospitalization for unstable angina within 6 months. The median time from randomization to angiography was 1.1 h in the immediate vs. 18.6 h in the early and 67.2 h in the selective invasive group (P< 0.001). There was no significant difference in the peak CK-MB activity between groups. The key secondary clinical endpoints were similar between groups at 6-month follow-up: death and infarction: 21.0 vs. 16.0 vs. 14.5%; P= 0.17; death, infarction, refractory ischaemia: 20.9 vs. 21.5 vs. 22.0%; P= 0.98; death, infarction, refractory ischaemia, rehospitalization: 26.0 vs. 26.5 vs. 24.5%; P= 0.91, respectively. In NSTEMI patients, an immediate invasive approach does not offer an advantage over an early or a selective invasive approach with respect to large myocardial infarctions as defined by peak CK-MB levels, which is supported by similar clinical outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00402675. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Myocardial Infarction', 'interventions': 'Procedure: Timing of percutaneous coronary intervention'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Cognitive-behavioral therapy attenuates nociceptive responding in patients with fibromyalgia: a pilot study. To explore the possibility that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) influences fibromyalgia symptoms via descending inhibition of nociception, we evaluated the effects of CBT on the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) threshold, an objective measure of spinal nociceptive transmission. Female fibromyalgia patients (n = 32) were randomized to 6 weekly sessions of telephone-delivered CBT or usual care (UC). Assessments of the NFR threshold and clinical outcomes were conducted at baseline, week 6 (post-CBT), and week 12. From baseline to week 6, the NFR threshold increased in the CBT group and decreased in the UC group (mean +/- SD 4.4 +/- 13.7 mA versus -10.2 +/- 9.9 mA; P = 0.005). This difference was also apparent at week 12 (mean +/- SD 7.3 +/- 9.2 mA for CBT versus -5.4 +/- 13.5 mA for UC; P = 0.01). The groups reported similar reductions in NFR pain ratings at week 6 (mean +/- SD -20.2 +/- 23.9 for CBT versus -14.9 +/- 16.4 for UC; P = 0.8) and week 12 (mean +/- SD -8.9 +/- 25.3 for CBT versus -10.8 +/- 24.1 for UC; P = 0.4). Compared with UC, CBT reduced nociceptive responding in fibromyalgia patients. Moreover, while the UC group exhibited longitudinal decreases in both the stimulation level and pain associated with the NFR threshold, those receiving CBT required more intense stimulation to elicit the NFR as well as rated that stimulation as less painful than at baseline. These data indicate the need for a larger study to confirm that changes in nociceptive responsivity may underlie the benefits of CBT in fibromyalgia patients. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Fibromyalgia', 'interventions': 'Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Effects of interleukin-13 blockade on allergen-induced airway responses in mild atopic asthma. Extensive evidence in animal models supports a role for IL-13 in the pathobiology of asthma. IMA-638 and IMA-026 are fully humanized IgG(1) antibodies that bind to different epitopes and neutralize IL-13 bioactivity. We hypothesized that anti-IL-13 treatment would inhibit allergen-induced late-phase asthmatic responses, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation in subjects with asthma. Fifty-six subjects with mild, atopic asthma were recruited for two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group trials to compare IMA-638 and IMA-026 IL-13 antibody treatments with placebo treatment. Drug was administered on Days 1 and 8, and allergen challenges were performed on Days 14 and 35. The primary outcome variable was the late-phase area under the curve (AUC), and secondary outcome variables were the early- and late-phase maximum percent fall in FEV(1), early AUC, allergen-induced shift in airway hyperresponsiveness, and sputum eosinophils. The treatment difference with IMA-638 on Day 14 was -19.1 FEV(1) × hour (95% confidence interval: -36.2, -1.9) for the allergen-induced early AUC and -23.8 FEV(1) × hour (95% confidence interval: -46.4, -1.2) for the late AUC (both P < 0.05), but this effect was lost by Day 35. Treatment with IMA-026 did not attenuate the asthmatic responses on Day 14 or Day 35. There was no effect of either antibody on allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness or sputum eosinophils. The frequency of adverse events after administration of the IL-13 antibodies was similar to placebo. IL-13 has a role in allergen-induced airway responses in humans. Further study is required to determine whether anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibodies will be beneficial clinically. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Asthma', 'interventions': 'Biological: IMA-638 is a biologic'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Efficacy and safety of duloxetine 60 mg and 120 mg daily in patients hospitalized for severe depression: a double-blind randomized trial. To assess whether hospitalized patients with severe depression and potential suicidal ideation/behavior have earlier and better response to duloxetine 120 mg daily than 60 mg daily. Adults from 34 sites in 4 countries with severe major depressive disorder, defined by DSM-IV criteria, who were demonstrating Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores ≥ 30, 6-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-6) scores ≥ 12, and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S) ≥ 4 and hospitalized ≥ 2 weeks underwent double-blind treatment with either duloxetine 60 mg (n = 167) or 120 mg (n = 171) daily for 8 weeks. Patients treated with 60 mg/d who did not respond had their doses titrated up to 120 mg/d. Primary outcome was the difference in baseline to week 4 change in MADRS scores between the groups. Secondary outcomes were baseline to week 8 changes in MADRS and HDRS-6 scores, response and remission, CGI-S scores, CGI-Improvement scores, Patient Global Impressions-Improvement, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores, and Reasons For Living inventory results. Safety was also assessed. The study was conducted between February 9, 2007, and August 26, 2008. There was no significant difference in mean baseline to week 4 MADRS score change between the 60-mg (-20.1) and 120-mg (-19.9) groups (P = .88). At week 4, 96/166 (60 mg) and 106/170 (120 mg) patients responded and maintained responses at week 8 by further decreasing mean MADRS scores to 5.8 (60 mg) and 5.6 (120 mg). At week 8, 226/336 (67.3%) patients achieved remission, with no difference demonstrated between groups. Most secondary efficacy measures were significantly reduced from baseline to week 8 within each group and did not differ between groups. Treatment-emergent adverse events observed with > 10% frequency in both groups were headache and nausea. Duloxetine 60-mg and 120-mg doses were equally effective and demonstrated no significant differences in treating severe depressive symptoms in hospitalized patients. The safety and tolerability profile of duloxetine in both dosages did not differ and was similar to those reported in previous duloxetine studies. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00422162. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Major Depressive Disorder', 'interventions': 'Drug: Duloxetine hydrochloride|Drug: Placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:The potential role of appetite in predicting weight changes during treatment with olanzapine. Clinically significant weight gain has been reported during treatment with atypical antipsychotics. It has been suggested that weight changes in patients treated with olanzapine may be associated with increased appetite. Data were used from adult patients for whom both appetite and weight data were available from 4 prospective, 12- to 24-week clinical trials. Patients' appetites were assessed with Eating Behavior Assessment (EBA, Study 1), Platypus Appetite Rating Scale (PARS, Study 2), Eating Inventory (EI, Study 3), Food Craving Inventory (FCI, Study 3), and Eating Attitude Scale (EAS, Study 4). In Studies 1 (EBA) and 4 (EAS), patients who reported overall score increases on appetite scales, indicating an increase in appetite, experienced the greatest overall weight gains. However, in Studies 2 (PARS) and 3 (EI, FCI), patients who reported overall score increases on appetite scales did not experience greater weight changes than patients not reporting score increases. Early weight changes (2-4 weeks) were more positively correlated with overall weight changes than early or overall score changes on any utilized appetite assessment scale. No additional information was gained by adding early appetite change to early weight change in correlation to overall weight change. Early weight changes may be a more useful predictor for long-term weight changes than early score changes on appetite assessment scales. This report represents secondary analyses of 4 clinical studies. Studies 1, 2, and 3 were registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home, under NCT00190749, NCT00303602, and NCT00401973, respectively. Study 4 predates the registration requirements for observational studies that are not classified as category 1 observational studies. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Schizophrenia|Schizoaffective Disorder|Bipolar Disorder', 'interventions': 'Drug: Sublingual orally disintegrating olanzapine (SODO)|Drug: Oral olanzapine'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Safety and immunogenicity of a split-virion AS03A-adjuvanted A/Indonesia/05/2005 (H5N1) vaccine in Taiwanese adults. This study evaluated the immune response elicited by two formulations of an AS03(A)-adjuvanted H5N1 A/Indonesia/05/2005 prepandemic influenza vaccine, developed using manufacturing processes with or without thiomersal. In addition, it also evaluated compliance to the Centre for Biologics Evaluation and Research and Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) immunogenicity guidance criteria for pandemic influenza vaccines in adults. This phase III, observer-blind, randomized study (NCT00812981) enrolled 320 subjects aged 18-60 years into two groups to receive, 21 days apart, two doses of the formulation manufactured using either the thiomersal-containing process (Group TC) or the thiomersal-free process (Group TF). Blood samples collected before vaccination, 21 days after the second vaccine dose, and 6 months following the first vaccine dose (Days 0, 42, and 180) were analysed using a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Safety assessments were made for the entire study period. Twenty-one days after the second dose of vaccine, both groups met the CHMP criteria for vaccine-homologous HI response (seroprotection rates/seroconversion rates ≥ 98.7%, seroconversion factor ≥ 121.9) and also for a heterologous HI response against the A/Vietnam/1194/2004 strain (seroprotection rates/seroconversion rates ≥ 81.3%, seroconversion factor ≥ 10.8). Six months after the first dose of vaccine, a marked persistence of the vaccine-homologous HI response was observed that still met one or more CHMP criteria. Pain at the injection site (Group TF 95%, Group TC 91.8%) and myalgia (Group TF 68.8%, Group TC 63.5%) were the most frequently recorded solicited symptoms. Overall, both formulations had a clinically acceptable safety profile. Administration of two doses of the AS03(A)-adjuvanted H5N1 prepandemic influenza vaccine was found to be highly immunogenic in adults with a clinically acceptable safety profile. The ability to confer cross-clade protective immunity makes it a suitable option for mitigation of the morbidity and mortality of outbreaks and pandemics due to H5N1 and drifted strains. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Pandemic Influenza', 'interventions': 'Biological: GSK1562902A|Biological: GSK1562902A'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Vaccination of adults 65 years of age and older with tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (Boostrix(®)): results of two randomized trials. Pertussis can cause significant morbidity in elderly patients, who can also transmit this disease to infants and young children. There is little data available on the use of acellular pertussis vaccines in recipients ≥65 years of age. Two studies examined the safety and immunogenicity of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine (Boostrix(®)) in healthy ≥65 year olds. In Study A subjects received single doses of Tdap and seasonal influenza vaccine either co-administered or given one month apart. In Study B subjects received either Tdap or tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine. Antibodies were measured before and one month after vaccination. Reactogenicity and safety were actively assessed using diary cards. A total of 1104 subjects 65 years of age and older received a Tdap vaccination in the two studies. In study A, no differences in immune responses to Tdap or influenza vaccine were observed between co-administered or sequentially administered vaccines. In study B, Tdap was non-inferior to Td with respect to diphtheria and tetanus seroprotection, and anti-pertussis GMCs were non-inferior to those observed in infants following a 3-dose diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) primary vaccination series, in whom efficacy against pertussis was demonstrated. Reports of adverse events were similar between Tdap and Td groups. Tdap was found to be immunogenic in subjects ≥65 years, with a safety profile comparable to US-licensed Td vaccine. Tdap and influenza vaccine may be co-administered without compromise of either the reactogenicity or immunogenicity profiles of the two vaccines. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Diphtheria|Pertussis|Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines|Tetanus', 'interventions': 'Biological: Boostrix®|Biological: Decavacâ„¢'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Management of gout in the older adult. Gout affects 3 million people in the United States, with rates almost 5 times higher in those aged 70 to 79 years compared with those aged < 50 years. Management of gout in elderly subjects can be complicated by comorbidities and polypharmacy. The purpose of this article was to review the unique clinical presentation, treatment, and prevention of gout in the older adult, with attention to the age-related factors that may affect outcomes in this population. PubMed and the Iowa Drug Information Service were searched (1944-January 14, 2011) for clinical studies of gout using the following search terms: gout, elderly, colchicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroid, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, triamcinolone, allopurinol, febuxostat, probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, uricosuric, fenofibrate, and losartan. Articles were limited to clinical trials in humans, published in English. Citations of these articles were analyzed for additional relevant studies, and current guidelines were also consulted. Twenty-nine citations were reviewed. Evidence suggests that colchicine, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids are all efficacious in the treatment of acute gout in the older adult. Relevant limitations to colchicine use in the older adult include high cost, dosing restrictions in severe renal and hepatic dysfunction, gastrointestinal intolerance, and potential drug interactions. NSAID therapy is not recommended in older patients with congestive heart failure, renal failure, or gastrointestinal problems. Corticosteroids pose little risk when used in the short-term and may be preferred in patients with contraindications to colchicine or NSAIDs. Urate lowering with allopurinol for prevention of gout is well tolerated and has minimal cost per month; however, dose reduction is recommended in patients with renal impairment, which often results in failure to achieve target serum urate concentrations. Febuxostat does not require dose adjustment in mild to moderate renal disease and may be preferred in older people with this condition. Management of gout in the older adult involves careful selection of treatment based on potential benefits and consequences of therapy, considered in tandem with individual patient-specific characteristics. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT00549549, NCT01101035, NCT00241839, NCT01157936, NCT00997542, NCT00288158, and NCT00987415. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Arthritis, Gouty', 'interventions': 'Drug: Indomethacin|Drug: Celecoxib|Drug: Celecoxib|Drug: Celecoxib'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Safety and efficacy of tapentadol ER in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: results of a randomized-withdrawal, placebo-controlled trial. Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) may not be adequately managed with available therapeutic options. This phase III, randomized-withdrawal, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of tapentadol extended release (ER) for relieving painful DPN. Patients (n = 588) with at least a 3-month history of opioid and/or non-opioid analgesic use for DPN, dissatisfaction with current treatment, and an average pain intensity score of at least 5 on an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS; 0 = 'no pain,' 10 = 'pain as bad as you can imagine') were titrated to an optimal dose of tapentadol ER (100-250 mg bid) during a 3-week open-label phase. Subsequently, patients (n = 395) with at least a 1-point reduction in pain intensity were randomized 1:1 to receive placebo or the optimal fixed dose of tapentadol ER determined during the open-label phase for a 12-week double-blind phase. NCT00455520. The primary efficacy outcome was the change in average pain intensity from randomization, determined by twice-daily NRS measurements. Safety was assessed throughout the study. The least-squares mean difference between groups in the change in average pain intensity from the start of double-blind treatment to week 12 was -1.3 (95% confidence interval, -1.70 to -0.92; p < 0.001, tapentadol ER vs. placebo). A total of 60.5% (356/588) of patients reported at least a 30% improvement in pain intensity from the start to the end of the open-label titration phase; of the patients who were randomized to tapentadol ER, 53.6% (105/196) reported at least a 30% improvement from pre-titration to week 12 of the double-blind phase. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events that occurred during double-blind treatment with tapentadol ER included nausea, anxiety, diarrhea, and dizziness. Potential limitations of this study are related to the enriched enrollment randomized-withdrawal trial design, which may result in a more homogeneous patient population during double-blind treatment and may present a risk of unblinding because of changes in side effects from the open-label to the double-blind phase. Compared with placebo, tapentadol ER 100-250 mg bid provided a statistically significant difference in the maintenance of a clinically important improvement in pain 1 , 2 and was well-tolerated by patients with painful DPN. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Diabetic Neuropathy', 'interventions': 'Drug: CG5503|Drug: placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Effects of acarbose versus glibenclamide on glycemic excursion and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by metformin: a 24-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparison. Glycemic excursion is significantly associated with oxidative stress, which plays a role in the development of chronic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Acarbose has been reported to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and T2DM. We hypothesize that treatment with acarbose could attenuate glycemic excursions and reduce oxidative stress in patients with T2DM. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acarbose versus glibenclamide on mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) and oxidative stress in patients with T2DM who are insufficiently controlled by metformin. T2DM outpatients aged 30 to 70 years who were taking single or dual oral antidiabetic drugs for ≥3 months and had a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) value between 7.0% and 11.0% were eligible. Patients were treated with metformin monotherapy (1500 mg daily) for 8 weeks, followed by randomization to either acarbose or glibenclamide add-on for 16 weeks. The dosage of acarbose and glibenclamide was 50 mg TID and 2.5 mg TID, respectively, for the first 4 weeks. In the following 12 weeks, the dosage was doubled in both groups. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for 72 hours and a meal tolerance test (MTT) after a 10-hour overnight fast were conducted before randomization and at the end of study. MAGE was calculated from CGM data. β-cell response to postprandial glucose increments was assessed by the ratio between incremental AUC of insulin and glucose during MTT. Oxidative stress was estimated by plasma oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and urinary excretion rates of 8-iso prostaglandin F(2α) (8-iso PGF(2α)). The primary outcomes included changes in MAGE, plasma ox-LDL, and urinary excretion of 8-iso PGF(2α). Adverse events, including hypoglycemia, were recorded. A total of 55 patients were randomized (mean age, 54 years; males, 47%; mean body mass index, 25.9 kg/m(2); mean duration of diabetes, 6.9 years; mean HbA(1c), 8.3%) and 51 patients completed this study (acarbose, n = 28; glibenclamide, n = 23). HbA(1c) decreased significantly in both treatment groups (acarbose: 8.2 [0.8]% to 7.5 [0.8]% [P < 0.001]; glibenclamide: 8.6 [1.6]% to 7.4 [1.2]% [P < 0.001]). MAGE did not change significantly in glibenclamide-treated patients (6.2 [2.8] mmol/L to 6.3 [2.3] mmol/L; P = 0.82), whereas ox-LDL (242.4 [180.9] ng/mL to 470.7 [247.3] ng/mL; P = 0.004) and urinary excretion of 8-iso PGF(2α) (121.6 [39.6] pmol/mmol creatinine to 152.5 [41.8] pmol/mmol creatinine; P = 0.03) increased significantly. Acarbose decreased MAGE (5.6 [1.5] mmol/L to 4.0 [1.4] mmol/L; P < 0.001) without significant change in ox-LDL levels (254.4 [269.1] ng/mL to 298.5 [249.8) ng/mL; P = 0.62) or 8-iso PGF(2α) excretion rates (117.9 [58.1] pmol/mmol creatinine to 137.8 [64.4] pmol/mmol creatinine; P = 0.12). Body weight and serum triglycerides (fasting and 2-hour postprandial) decreased (all, P < 0.01) and serum adiponectin increased (P < 0.05) after treatment with acarbose, whereas HDL-C decreased (P < 0.01) after treatment with glibenclamide. β-cell response to postprandial glucose increments was negatively correlated with MAGE (r = 0.570, P < 0.001) and improved significantly with acarbose (35.6 [32.2] pmol/mmol to 56.4 [43.7] pmol/mmol; P = 0.001) but not with glibenclamide (27.9 [17.6] pmol/mmol to 36.5 [24.2] pmol/mmol; P = 0.12). In this select population of adult Taiwanese patients with T2DM who were inadequately controlled by metformin, add-on acarbose or glibenclamide significantly reduced HbA(1c). However, treatment with acarbose decreased MAGE, body weight, and serum triglyceride and increased serum adiponectin without significant effect on oxidative stress. Treatment with glibenclamide had no statistically significant effect on MAGE but increased oxidative stress and decreased HDL-C. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00417729. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'interventions': 'Drug: Acarbose'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Thymosin alpha-1 with peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C not responsive to IFN/ribavirin: an adjuvant role? This study was conducted to determine whether the adding thymosin alpha-1 to standard of care for re-treatment of nonresponding hepatitis C infections can improve sustained viral response (SVR) rates. Patients (n = 552) with hepatitis C infections not responding to the combination of Peginterferon alfa-2a or 2b with ribavirin (RBV)were randomized to receive peginterferon alfa-2a 180 mg/week with RBV 800-1200 mg/daily plus either thymosin alpha-1 1.6 mg SC twice weekly (n = 275) or placebo (n = 277) for 48 weeks. Eighty-eight per cent of patients had HCV genotype 1, 6.6% type 4, 2.2% type 2 and 3.6% type 3. SVR rates in the intention to treat population were similar between thymosin alpha-1 and placebo (12.7%vs 10.5%; P = 0.407). Among patients who completed all 48 weeks of therapy, the SVR rate was significantly higher in the thymosin alpha-1 group at 41.0% (34/83) compared with 26.3% (26/99) in the placebo group (P = 0.048). No significant difference was observed between treatment groups in the incidence of adverse events. The addition of thymosin alpha-1 to the standard of care did not increase the on-treatment HCV viral response. Thymosin alpha-1 seems to play no role in the primary therapy of the disease. This study raises the hypothesis that thymosin alpha-1 may have a secondary therapeutic role as an adjuvant in the prevention of relapses in patients achieving a virologic response during therapy. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Chronic Hepatitis C', 'interventions': 'Biological: Thymosin alpha 1|Drug: Ribavirin|Biological: PEGinterferon alfa2a|Drug: Placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Comparative bioavailability of 2 tablet formulations of levodopa/benserazide in healthy, fasting volunteers: a single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label crossover study. Currently, levodopa administered with decarboxylase inhibitors is the gold standard for the management of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In Argentina, only 1 commercial product is available with such composition; this study was contracted by the manufacturer to comply with new generic product regulations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fasting bioavailability of a new generic formulation of levodopa 200 mg/benserazide 50 mg tablets (test) and compare this generic formulation with the branded formulation (reference) to meet regulatory criteria for marketing the test product in Argentina. A randomized-sequence, open-label, 2-period, crossover study was conducted between August and October 2009 in healthy Caucasian volunteers (n = 24; 18 males, aged 21 to 42 years, with a body mass index ranging from 19.7 to 26.0 kg/m(2)) in the fasted state. A single oral dose of the test or reference formulation was administered, and after a 7-day washout period, the other formulation was given. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 105 minutes and 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, and 6 hours after dosing. Levodopa plasma concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, without stereo-specificity assessment. The formulations were considered bioequivalent if the 90% CI of the geometric mean ratios (test/reference) for the C(max) and AUC(0-t) of levodopa were within the 0.8 to 1.25 range. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study, based on clinical parameters and patient reports. The geometric means (90% CI) of the C(max) for the test and reference formulations were 2462.02 (2312.06-3492.40) and 2542.85 (2394.49-3231.29) ng/mL, respectively; the AUC(0-t) was 3878.04 (3623.88-5393.09) and 3972.10 (3765.88-5393.02) ng/mL/h, respectively; and the AUC(0-∞)was 4610.37 (4315.71-6315.70) and 4728.96 (4502.17-6828.26) ng/mL/h, respectively. There were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between the 2 formulations. The test:reference ratios for C(max), AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-∞) were 96.82% (90% CI, 83.87-111.77), 97.63% (90% CI, 85.95-110.91), and 97.49% (90% CI, 84.09-113.02), respectively. No clinically significant adverse events were reported; this finding is probably the result of subjects not believing that their side effects were severe enough to be reported and not because of a genuine and absolute lack of predictable side effects. In this single-dose study, the test formulation of levodopa/benserazide tablets met the Argentinean criterion for bioequivalence to the reference formulation. (www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01327261). Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Healthy Volunteers', 'interventions': 'Drug: Levodopa + benserazide'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:A randomized crossover study of the effects of glutamine and lipid on the gastric emptying time of a preoperative carbohydrate drink. Supplementing preoperative carbohydrate drinks with glutamine may lead to benefits in addition to reducing insulin resistance, but amino acids may delay gastric emptying (GE). The effects of supplementing a preoperative carbohydrate drink (CCD) with glutamine or lipid on GE were studied. Ten healthy male volunteers ingested 410 ml of one of three isocaloric-isovolumetric carbohydrate-based drinks labelled with (99m)Tc-DTPA: CCD (preOp(®), Nutricia, UK, 50 g carbohydrate), CCD/G (preOp(®), 36 g carbohydrate + 15 g glutamine) or CCD/L (preOp(®), 36 g carbohydrate + 7 g lipid) in this randomized, blinded, three-way crossover study. After baseline measurements, GE was measured scintigraphically and blood sampled for insulin, glucose and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) at 20 min intervals for 240 min. Mean (95% CI) T(90) GE times for CCD, CCD/G and CCD/L were 101 (87-115), 95 (84-107) and 87 (72-102) min, respectively. At 40 min postprandially, mean (SEM) concentrations of glucose (mmol/l) and insulin (mIU/l) were 7.5 (0.5) and 35 (5) for CCD; 6.2 (0.2) and 28 (4) for CCD/G; and 7 (0.3) and 31 (5) for CCD/L, respectively. There were no differences in postprandial GLP-1 concentrations. Glutamine and lipid supplementation did not prolong the GE of CCD but did 'blunt' postprandial glucose and insulin responses, independent of GLP-1 concentrations. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT00943020. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Starvation', 'interventions': 'Dietary Supplement: Nutricia PreOp nutritional supplement|Dietary Supplement: Lipid|Dietary Supplement: Glutamine'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Ambrisentan therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension who discontinued bosentan or sitaxsentan due to liver function test abnormalities. Some endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) are associated with liver function test (LFT) result abnormalities. However, ambrisentan has an incidence of serum aminotransferase levels more than three times the upper limit of normal (ULN), similar to that observed in PAH patients who are not receiving ERAs. Because ambrisentan may provide benefits in PAH patients who have discontinued ERA therapy due to LFT abnormalities, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of ambrisentan in this patient population. Patients who previously discontinued bosentan and/or sitaxsentan due to LFT abnormalities received ambrisentan, 2.5 mg qd, for 4 weeks followed by 5 mg/d for 8 weeks. The primary end point was the incidence of aminotransferase levels more than three times ULN considered by the investigator to be related to ambrisentan and resulting in drug discontinuation. Secondary end points included aminotransferase levels more than five times ULN requiring drug discontinuation and more than three times ULN requiring dose reduction, as well as changes in 6-min walk distance (6MWD), Borg dyspnea index, World Health Organization functional class, and Short Form-36 health survey score. Patients continued treatment beyond the 12-week end point with monthly monitoring of LFTs. Thirty-six patients who previously discontinued bosentan (n = 31), sitaxsentan (n = 2), or both (n = 3) were enrolled. At baseline, 69.4% of patients were receiving prostanoid and/or sildenafil therapy. No patient had an aminotransferase level more than three times ULN that required ambrisentan discontinuation. One patient had a transient aminotransferase level more than three times ULN that resolved following a temporary dose reduction. No additional aminotransferase levels more than three times ULN were observed with long-term treatment (median exposure, 102 weeks), despite dose increases to 10 mg qd in more than half of the patients. Significant improvements in 6MWD and other efficacy assessments were observed. Ambrisentan treatment may be an option for patients who have discontinued bosentan and/or sitaxsentan therapy due to LFT result abnormalities. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT00423592. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Pulmonary Hypertension', 'interventions': 'Drug: ambrisentan'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Antibiotic treatment schemes for very severe community-acquired pneumonia in children: a randomized clinical study. To compare clinical response to initial empiric treatment with oxacillin plus ceftriaxone and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid in hospitalized children diagnosed with very severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A prospective randomized clinical study was conducted among children 2 months to 5 years old with a diagnosis of very severe CAP in the pediatric ward of São Paulo State University Hospital in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, from April 2007 to May 2008. Patients were randomly divided into two groups by type of treatment: an oxacillin/ceftriaxone group (OCG, n = 48) and an amoxicillin/clavulanic acid group (ACG, n = 56). Analyzed outcomes were: time to clinical improvement (fever and tachypnea), time on oxygen therapy, length of stay in hospital, need to widen antimicrobial spectrum, and complications (including pleural effusion). The two groups did not differ statistically for age, sex, symptom duration before admission, or previous antibiotic treatment. Time to improve tachypnea was less among ACG patients than OCG patients (4.8 ± 2.2 versus 5.8 ± 2.4 days respectively; P = 0.028), as was length of hospital stay (11.0 ± 6.2 versus 14.4 ± 4.5 days respectively; P = 0.002). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for fever improvement time, time on oxygen therapy, need to widen antimicrobial spectrum, or frequency of pleural effusion. Both treatment plans are effective in treating very severe CAP in 2-month-to 5-year-old hospitalized children. The only analyzed outcome that favored amoxicillin/clavulanic acid treatment was time required to improve tachypnea. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01166932. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Community-Acquired Pneumonia', 'interventions': 'Drug: Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid|Drug: ceftriaxone/oxacillin'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Low-volume bowel preparation is inferior to standard 4 1 polyethylene glycol. Four liters or more of orally taken polyethylene glycol solution (PEG) has proved to be an effective large-bowel cleansing method prior to colonoscopy. The problem has been the large volume of fluid and its taste, which is unacceptable to some examinees. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of 2 l PEG combined with senna compared with 4 l PEG for bowel preparation. The design was a single-center, prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded study with parallel assignment, in the setting of the Endoscopy Unit of Umeå University Hospital. Outpatients (n = 490) scheduled for colonoscopy were enrolled. The standard-volume arm received 4 l PEG, and the low-volume arm received 36 mg senna glycosides in tablets and 2 l PEG. The cleansing result (primary endpoint) was assessed by the endoscopist using the Ottawa score. The patients rated the subjective grade of ease of taking the bowel preparation. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. There were significantly more cases with poor or inadequate bowel cleansing after the low-volume alternative with senna and 2 l PEG (22/203) compared with after 4 l PEG (8/196, p = 0.027). The low-volume alternative was better tolerated by the examinees: 119/231 rated the treatment as easy to take compared with 88/238 in the 4 l PEG arm (p = 0.001). 4 l PEG treatment is better than 36 mg senna and 2 l PEG as routine colonic cleansing before colonoscopy because of fewer failures. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Colonoscopy', 'interventions': 'Drug: PEG (solution given 4 L)|Drug: senna glycoside 36 mg and PEG (solution given 2 L)'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Exenatide twice daily: analysis of effectiveness and safety data stratified by age, sex, race, duration of diabetes, and body mass index. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is used twice daily (BID) as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for the improvement of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this pooled analysis was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of exenatide BID in patients stratified by various demographic characteristics. This post hoc analysis included data from 16 randomized controlled trials in which patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were treated with 10-μg exenatide BID. Each patient was classified into subgroups on the basis of his or her baseline values for age (< 65 or ≥ 65 years), sex (male or female), race (white, black, Asian, or Hispanic), duration of diabetes (< 10 years or ≥ 10 years), and body mass index (BMI; ≥ 20 to < 25, ≥ 25 to < 30, ≥ 30 to < 35, or ≥ 35 kg/m(2)). A total of 2067 patients were included. All groups experienced significant improvements in glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose levels (other than black patients, who had a relatively low baseline fasting plasma glucose level), and body weight from baseline to endpoint. Most groups had significant improvements in systolic blood pressure. All of the age, sex, and duration of diabetes groups experienced significant improvements in lipid levels (other than high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Whites and Asians generally experienced significant improvements in lipid levels, whereas blacks and Hispanics did not. Significant improvements in lipid levels were generally seen across BMI groups. The most common adverse events overall were nausea (38.6%), hypoglycemia (28.4%), and vomiting (14.0%). Hypoglycemia was more common overall in patients who were taking a concomitant sulfonylurea than it was in patients who were not. In this pooled analysis, exenatide BID improved glycemic control and body weight, and had generally beneficial effects on blood pressure and lipid levels in patients regardless of baseline age, sex, race, duration of diabetes, or BMI. Gastrointestinal events were the most common adverse events. www.ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT00039026, NCT00039013, NCT00082381, NCT00035984, NCT00082407, NCT00381342, NCT00360334, NCT00375492, NCT00603239, NCT00765817, NCT00577824, NCT00434954]. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Type 2 Diabetes', 'interventions': 'Drug: exenatide|Drug: insulin glargine'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Long-term antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren: a 12-month randomized, double-blind comparator trial with hydrochlorothiazide. Diuretics are recommended as first-line agents for the treatment of hypertension. This randomized, double-blind, multicenter study assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in comparison with the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension. After a 2- to 4-week placebo run-in, 1124 patients (mean sitting diastolic blood pressure [BP] 95 to 109 mm Hg) were randomized to aliskiren 150 mg (n=459), hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg (n=444), or placebo (n=221) once daily. Forced titration (to aliskiren 300 mg or hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg) occurred at week 3; at week 6, patients receiving placebo were reassigned (1:1 ratio) to aliskiren 300 mg or hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg. From week 12, amlodipine 5 mg was added and titrated to 10 mg from week 18 for patients whose BP remained uncontrolled. Efficacy variables were analyzed for the intent-to-treat population with the use of the last observation carried forward method. BP reductions (mean sitting systolic BP/mean sitting diastolic BP) were significantly greater with aliskiren- versus hydrochlorothiazide-based treatment at week 26 (-20.3/-14.2 versus -18.6/-13.0 mm Hg; P<0.05) and were also greater at week 52 (-22.1/-16.0 versus -21.2/-15.0 mm Hg; P<0.05 for mean sitting diastolic BP). At the end of the monotherapy period (week 12), aliskiren 300 mg was superior to hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg in reducing BP (-17.4/-12.2 versus -14.7/-10.3 mm H; P<0.001). Adverse event rates were similar with aliskiren- (65.2%) and hydrochlorothiazide-based therapy (61.5%). Hypokalemia was more frequent with hydrochlorothiazide-based therapy than aliskiren-based therapy (17.9% versus 0.9%; P<0.0001). Aliskiren treatment, both as monotherapy and with optional addition of amlodipine, provided significantly greater BP reductions than the respective hydrochlorothiazide regimens. Aliskiren-based therapy was well tolerated. Direct renin inhibition with aliskiren therefore represents an effective option for the long-term treatment of essential hypertension. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Hypertension', 'interventions': 'Drug: Aliskiren'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Randomized comparison between tirofiban and abciximab to promote complete ST-resolution in primary angioplasty: results of the facilitated angioplasty with tirofiban or abciximab (FATA) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction trial. To test the equivalence of high-dose bolus (HDB) tirofiban vs. abciximab during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in terms of ST-segment resolution (STR). The FATA trial (Facilitated Angioplasty with Tirofiban or Abciximab) was a prospective, multicentre, open-label trial that enrolled 692 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing PPCI. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive abciximab (n = 341) or HDB tirofiban (n = 351). Primary endpoint was the rate of complete (> or =70%) STR 90 min after first balloon inflation. Thirty-day incidence of major bleedings, death, re-infarction and new revascularizations was also evaluated. Baseline characteristics of the two groups were well-balanced, with the exception of previous MI rates (tirofiban 6% vs. abciximab 2.6%, P = 0.03). The procedure was successful in 96.7% of the abciximab and in 96.6% of the tirofiban cohort (P = 0.94). Complete STR was obtained in 67.05% of the tirofiban and 70.45% of the abciximab group (Delta -3.4%, 95% confidence interval -10.35 to +3.56), which falls beyond the predefined Delta +/- 10% equivalence boundaries. Rates of secondary endpoints were similar between the two groups. This study failed to show the equivalence of HBD of tirofiban and abciximab as adjunctive therapy to PPCI. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Acute Myocardial Infarction', 'interventions': 'Drug: tirofiban high-bolus dose regimen|Drug: Abciximab'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Surgical mask to prevent influenza transmission in households: a cluster randomized trial. Facemasks and respirators have been stockpiled during pandemic preparedness. However, data on their effectiveness for limiting transmission are scarce. We evaluated the effectiveness of facemask use by index cases for limiting influenza transmission by large droplets produced during coughing in households. A cluster randomized intervention trial was conducted in France during the 2008-2009 influenza season. Households were recruited during a medical visit of a household member with a positive rapid influenza A test and symptoms lasting less than 48 hours. Households were randomized either to the mask or control group for 7 days. In the intervention arm, the index case had to wear a surgical mask from the medical visit and for a period of 5 days. The trial was initially intended to include 372 households but was prematurely interrupted after the inclusion of 105 households (306 contacts) following the advice of an independent steering committee. We used generalized estimating equations to test the association between the intervention and the proportion of household contacts who developed an influenza-like illness during the 7 days following the inclusion. Influenza-like illness was reported in 24/148 (16.2%) of the contacts in the intervention arm and in 25/158 (15.8%) of the contacts in the control arm and the difference between arms was 0.40% (95%CI: -10% to 11%, P = 1.00). We observed a good adherence to the intervention. In various sensitivity analyses, we did not identify any trend in the results suggesting effectiveness of facemasks. This study should be interpreted with caution since the lack of statistical power prevents us to draw formal conclusion regarding effectiveness of facemasks in the context of a seasonal epidemic. clinicaltrials.gov NCT00774774. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Influenza Human', 'interventions': 'Device: control|Device: Face mask'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Safety profile and clinical activity of multiple subcutaneous doses of MEDI-528, a humanized anti-interleukin-9 monoclonal antibody, in two randomized phase 2a studies in subjects with asthma. Interleukin-9 (IL-9)-targeted therapies may offer a novel approach for treating asthmatics. Two randomized placebo-controlled studies were conducted to assess the safety profile and potential efficacy of multiple subcutaneous doses of MEDI-528, a humanized anti-IL-9 monoclonal antibody, in asthmatics. Study 1: adults (18-65 years) with mild asthma received MEDI-528 (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg) or placebo subcutaneously twice weekly for 4 weeks. Study 2: adults (18-50 years) with stable, mild to moderate asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction received 50 mg MEDI-528 or placebo subcutaneously twice weekly for 4 weeks. Adverse events (AEs), pharmacokinetics (PK), immunogenicity, asthma control (including asthma exacerbations), and exercise challenge test were evaluated in study 1, study 2, or both. In study 1 (N = 36), MEDI-528 showed linear serum PK; no anti-MEDI-528 antibodies were detected. Asthma control: 1/27 MEDI-528-treated subjects had 1 asthma exacerbation, and 2/9 placebo-treated subjects had a total of 4 asthma exacerbations (one considered a serious AE). In study 2, MEDI-528 (n = 7) elicited a trend in the reduction in mean maximum decrease in FEV1 post-exercise compared to placebo (n = 2) (-6.49% MEDI-528 vs -12.60% placebo; -1.40% vs -20.10%; -5.04% vs -15.20% at study days 28, 56, and 150, respectively). Study 2 was halted prematurely due to a serious AE in an asymptomatic MEDI-528-treated subject who had an abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging that was found to be an artifact on further evaluation. In these studies, MEDI-528 showed an acceptable safety profile and findings suggestive of clinical activity that support continued study in subjects with mild to moderate asthma. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Asthma', 'interventions': 'Biological: MEDI-528|Biological: MEDI-528|Biological: MEDI-528|Other: Placebo'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Mindfulness meditation training effects on CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infected adults: a small randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness meditation training has stress reduction benefits in various patient populations, but its effects on biological markers of HIV-1 progression are unknown. The present study tested the efficacy of an 8-week Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) meditation program compared to a 1-day control seminar on CD4+ T lymphocyte counts in stressed HIV infected adults. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with enrollment and follow-up occurring between November 2005 and December 2007. A diverse community sample of 48 HIV-1 infected adults was randomized and entered treatment in either an 8-week MBSR or a 1-day control stress reduction education seminar. The primary outcome was circulating counts of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Participants in the 1-day control seminar showed declines in CD4+ T lymphocyte counts whereas counts among participants in the 8-week MBSR program were unchanged from baseline to post-intervention (time x treatment condition interaction, p=.02). This effect was independent of antiretroviral (ARV) medication use. Additional analyses indicated that treatment adherence to the mindfulness meditation program, as measured by class attendance, mediated the effects of mindfulness meditation training on buffering CD4+ T lymphocyte declines. These findings provide an initial indication that mindfulness meditation training can buffer CD4+ T lymphocyte declines in HIV-1 infected adults. clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT00600561. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'HIV Infections', 'interventions': 'Behavioral: MBSR'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Palonosetron plus dexamethasone versus granisetron plus dexamethasone for prevention of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy: a double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, comparative phase III trial. Palonosetron is a second-generation 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT(3))-receptor antagonist that has shown better efficacy than ondansetron and dolasetron in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, and similar efficacy to ondansetron in preventing CINV in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. In this phase III, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, stratified, parallel-group, active-comparator trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of palonosetron versus granisetron for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, both of which were administered with dexamethasone in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Between July 5, 2006, and May 31, 2007, 1143 patients with cancer who were receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (ie, cisplatin, or an anthracycline and cyclophosphamide combination [AC/EC]) were recruited from 75 institutions in Japan, and randomly assigned to either single-dose palonosetron (0.75 mg), or granisetron (40 microg/kg) 30 min before chemotherapy on day 1, both with dexamethasone (16 mg intravenously) on day 1 followed by additional doses (8 mg intravenously for patients receiving cisplatin or 4 mg orally for patients receiving AC/EC) on days 2 and 3. A non-deterministic minimisation method with a stochastic-biased coin was applied to the randomisation of patients. Covariates known to effect emetic risk, such as sex, age, and type of highly emetogenic chemotherapy, were used as stratification factors of minimisation to ensure balance between the treatment groups. Primary endpoints were the proportion of patients with a complete response (defined as no emetic episodes and no rescue medication) during the acute phase (0-24 h postchemotherapy; non-inferiority comparison with granisetron) and the proportion of patients with a complete response during the delayed phase (24-120 h postchemotherapy; superiority comparison with granisetron). The non-inferiority margin was predefined in the study protocol as a 10% difference between groups in the proportion of patients with complete response. The palonosetron dose of 0.75 mg was chosen on the basis of two dose-determining trials in Japanese patients. All patients who received study treatment and highly emetogenic chemotherapy were included in the efficacy analyses (modified intention to treat). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00359567. 1114 patients were included in the efficacy analyses: 555 patients in the palonosetron group and 559 patients in the granisetron group. 418 of 555 patients (75.3%) in the palonosetron group had complete response during the acute phase compared with 410 of 559 patients (73.3%) in the granisetron group (mean difference 2.9% [95% CI -2.70 to 7.27]). During the delayed phase, 315 of 555 patients (56.8%) had complete response in the palonosetron group compared with 249 of 559 patients (44.5%) in the granisetron group (p<0.0001). The main treatment-related adverse events were constipation (97 of 557 patients [17.4%] in the palonosetron group vs 88 of 562 [15.7%] in the granisetron group) and raised concentrations of serum aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase: 24 of 557 [4.3%] vs 34 of 562 [6.0%]; alanine aminotransferase: 16 of 557 [2.9%] vs 33 of 562 [5.9%]); no grade 4 main treatment-related adverse events were reported. When administered with dexamethasone before highly emetogenic chemotherapy, palonosetron exerts efficacy against chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting which is non-inferior to that of granisetron in the acute phase and better than that of granisetron in the delayed phase, with a comparable safety profile for the two treatments. Taiho Pharmaceutical (Tokyo, Japan). Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting', 'interventions': 'Drug: palonosetron|Drug: granisetron hydrochloride'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Robot-assisted therapy for long-term upper-limb impairment after stroke. Effective rehabilitative therapies are needed for patients with long-term deficits after stroke. In this multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving 127 patients with moderate-to-severe upper-limb impairment 6 months or more after a stroke, we randomly assigned 49 patients to receive intensive robot-assisted therapy, 50 to receive intensive comparison therapy, and 28 to receive usual care. Therapy consisted of 36 1-hour sessions over a period of 12 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in motor function, as measured on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Sensorimotor Recovery after Stroke, at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were scores on the Wolf Motor Function Test and the Stroke Impact Scale. Secondary analyses assessed the treatment effect at 36 weeks. At 12 weeks, the mean Fugl-Meyer score for patients receiving robot-assisted therapy was better than that for patients receiving usual care (difference, 2.17 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.23 to 4.58) and worse than that for patients receiving intensive comparison therapy (difference, -0.14 points; 95% CI, -2.94 to 2.65), but the differences were not significant. The results on the Stroke Impact Scale were significantly better for patients receiving robot-assisted therapy than for those receiving usual care (difference, 7.64 points; 95% CI, 2.03 to 13.24). No other treatment comparisons were significant at 12 weeks. Secondary analyses showed that at 36 weeks, robot-assisted therapy significantly improved the Fugl-Meyer score (difference, 2.88 points; 95% CI, 0.57 to 5.18) and the time on the Wolf Motor Function Test (difference, -8.10 seconds; 95% CI, -13.61 to -2.60) as compared with usual care but not with intensive therapy. No serious adverse events were reported. In patients with long-term upper-limb deficits after stroke, robot-assisted therapy did not significantly improve motor function at 12 weeks, as compared with usual care or intensive therapy. In secondary analyses, robot-assisted therapy improved outcomes over 36 weeks as compared with usual care but not with intensive therapy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00372411.) Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Stroke', 'interventions': 'Device: Robot-Assisted Therapy - MIT-MANUS System|Other: Intensive Comparison Therapy'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Montelukast as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids in the management of asthma (the SAS trial). To evaluate the effectiveness of montelukast as add-on therapy for asthmatic patients who remain uncontrolled with low, moderate or high doses of inhaled corticosteroid monotherapy. An eight-week, multicentre, open-label, observational study. Of 320 patients enrolled, 288 (90.0%) completed the study. Of patients who had uncontrolled asthma symptoms (Canadian Asthma Consensus Guidelines Update, 2003) but were controlled according to the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ score of less than 1.5), 93.9% maintained asthma control at week 8. Of patients with uncontrolled asthma at baseline for both definitions, 63.5% achieved asthma control by week 8. The mean +/- SD ACQ score decreased from 1.13+/-0.28 to 0.57+/-0.50 (P<0.001) for controlled patients at baseline and from 2.38+/-0.73 to 1.03+/-0.80 (P<0.001) for patients who were uncontrolled at baseline, each representing a clinically significant improvement. Montelukast add-on therapy is an effective alternative to inhaled corticosteroid monotherapy. Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Asthma', 'interventions': 'Drug: montelukast sodium'}

Your goal is to extract structured information from the user's input that matches the form described below. When extracting information please make sure it matches the type information exactly. Do not add any attributes that do not appear in the schema shown below. ```TypeScript { // Information on the clinical trial characteristics from the abstract conditions: string // The condition or disease being treated in the clinical trial drug_or_intervention: string // The drug or intervention used in the clinical trial } ``` Please output the extracted information in JSON format. Do not output anything except for the extracted information. Do not add any clarifying information. Do not add any fields that are not in the schema. If the text contains attributes that do not appear in the schema, please ignore them. All output must be in JSON format and follow the schema specified above. Wrap the JSON in <json> tags. Input:Proton pump inhibitor versus prokinetic therapy in patients with functional dyspepsia: is therapeutic response predicted by Rome III subgroups? The comparative effectiveness of proton pump inhibitor versus prokinetic therapy in relieving the symptoms of patients with functional dyspepsia remains unknown. Whether the Rome III subgroups predict therapeutic response has not been investigated. This was an open-label, parallel randomized controlled trial. A total of 329 adult outpatients fulfilling the Rome III criteria for functional dyspepsia were randomly allocated to receive either lansoprazole 30 mg once daily (n = 166) or mosapride 5 mg thrice daily (n = 163) for 2 weeks. Enrolled patients were evaluated with the validated Hong Kong Index questionnaire for symptom severity at baseline and at the end of the trial. The primary outcome was symptom relief as defined by the Hong Kong Index, and the secondary outcome was decrease of symptom scores. Post-hoc multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors for therapeutic response. After 2-week therapy, 50.6% (84/166) and 47.85% (78/163) of the patients treated with lansoprazole and mosapride, respectively, achieved significant symptom relief (odds ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 0.72-1.72, p = 0.62). Differences in decreases of symptom scores between lansoprazole and mosapride receivers were also insignificant (-0.08, 95% confidence interval -1.25 to 1.09, p = 0.89). Therapeutic responses to either pharmacotherapy did not differ in the subgroup of patients fulfilling the criteria for epigastric pain syndrome (n = 256) or in those fulfilling the criteria for postprandial distress syndrome (n = 161). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that the treatment allocation and Rome III subgroup were unrelated to treatment outcome. The effectiveness of proton pump inhibitor therapy and that of prokinetic therapy in functional dyspepsia are not different, and cannot be predicted by Rome III subgroups (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00663897). Output: Output: {'conditions': 'Functional Dyspepsia|Epigastric Pain Syndrome|Post Prandial Distress Syndrome', 'interventions': 'Drug: lansoprazole|Drug: mosapride'}