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Another key to accurate measurements is the ability to control and measure the amount of fluid displaced by small changes in the syringe plunger's position. For sample volumes <1 mL, a micrometer was used to control plunger position. Volumes from ~0.1–1.0 mL were measured with a 2.0-mL Gilmont syringe with built-in micrometer (Figure 1B, nominal resolution: 2.0 µL/division; Cole Parmer). For volumes <0.1 mL, one of a series of smaller syringes (250, 50, 25, or 10 µL, 1700LT series; Hamilton, Reno NV, USA) was selected. The Hamilton syringes were interchangeably mounted on a plexiglass platform, with the plunger tightly coupled to a manually driven micrometer (Daedal, now Parker Hannifin, Irwin, PA, USA) (Figure 1C, 10 µm/division). The micrometer resolutions were improved at least 3-fold by visually interpolating the micrometer scale position to one additional digit. As repeated handling of fragile samples should be minimized, it is important to choose syringe-micrometer combinations in advance that will be suitable for each approximate volume to be measured. The ability to discriminate small volume changes is largely determined by the syringe volume, the syringe length, and the micrometer resolution. These three parameters were combined as a single index that can be used to help select appropriate MVM configurations. Thus, for a known sample volume, Vs (in µL), an index of the MVM's overall resolution is Vs × (A ÷ B), where A is the syringe length per volume (µm/µL), and B (µm/division) is the distance the plunger moves per micrometer division. To illustrate its utility for correctly configuring the MVM, the accuracy of volume estimates for selected small reference standards was compared while using different syringes to change the value of this index.Comparing MVM and confocal volumes To help demonstrate the effectiveness of the MVM for measuring biological specimens, volumes of freshly dissected ant brains (Atta colombica [Formicidae]) were measured both by using the MVM and by confocal microscopy. Small worker ants were selected to provide brain volumes close to the smallest volume for which highly accurate measurements have been established (0.066 µL; see “Results and discussion” section). Brains were dissected in physiological saline and treated for 10–15 min with 2.5×10-5 M propidium iodide (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) to highlight cell nuclei. Osmotic stress can alter tissue volumes, so the saline should emulate the osmotic properties of fluids that surround the specimen in vivo. Since the ionic environment of ant brains is poorly known, we used a saline (150 mM NaCl, 24 mM KCl, 7.0 mM CaCl2, 4.0 mM MgCl2, 5.0 mM HEPES buffer, and 131 mM sucrose, pH 6.9–7.0) that emulates the ionic composition and osmolarity of culture media (13,14) known to keep dissociated insect neurons alive (including those of hymenopterans). Using the 559-nm laser of a confocal microscope (FV1000; Olympus, Miami, FL, USA), serial optical sections of a freshly dissected brain were obtained every 10 µm at 10× magnification. 3-D reconstruction software (15) was used subsequently to trace brain profiles in each optical section and compute the brain volume. Next, the brain was transferred with a small amount of saline to a small platform positioned ~1 mm from the fluid-filled MVM receptacle and visible under the dissecting microscope. The platform was covered with Parafilm (Pechiney Plastic Packaging Company, Chicago, IL, USA) to provide a hydrophobic surface, facilitating the removal of excess fluid and minimizing tissue adhesion. As an alternative to Parafilm, synthetic hydrophobic coatings (e.g., Gelest, Inc., Morrisville, PA, USA) may be useful. To avoid tissue shrinkage due to evaporation, a humid microchamber was created with a small piece of saline-soaked sponge, with a notch cut into one side and covered with a microscope coverslip. After first obtaining the pre-addition data from the MVM (see Figure 2B), the wet brain was transferred from the saline solution to the dry floor of the humidified microchamber. Excess saline was carefully removed under magnification by using a fine-tipped suction pipet pulled from a 1-mm capillary and connected to a Gilmont syringe. The isolated tissue was then quickly transferred with sharp forceps (Dumont no. 55; Fine Science Tools, Foster City, CA, USA) into the MVM receptacle.

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CC-MAIN-2014-35

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It can be difficult for your doctor to diagnose co-occurring disorders and all the challenges you might face with this type of condition. Read on to learn more about co-occurring disorders and the kind of treatment that’s best for your recovery when you go to a rehab facility. What is a Co-Occurring Disorder (Dual Diagnosis)? A person who is suffering from a co-occurring disorder has a substance abuse disorder and a mental health disorder. Another term for this is a dual diagnosis. Those with a co-occurring disorder usually have a mental health disorder initially. It’s very common for a person who has a substance abuse problem to have a mood or anxiety disorder. This could include depression, bipolar disorder, PTSD, or anxiety disorder. Those with a mood or anxiety disorder might think doing drugs or alcohol can numb their feelings or help them cope with their PTSD issues. They believe the effects of alcohol or drugs is the solution to their problems and will make their emotional pain or struggles go away. Ignoring the issues of a mental health disorder and using drugs isn’t the solution to anyone’s problems. In fact, as reported by Behavioral Health Evolution, using drugs and alcohol will only make your particular mental health disorder worse. Therefore, people who are suffering from a mental health disorder should seek professional help before they develop an addiction to drugs. Therapy and prescription medications will help you live a healthier lifestyle. However, this doesn’t always end in proper treatment for your mental health. People could end up abusing and becoming dependent on those drugs and alcohol substances to get through a rough day at work. According to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, about 50 percent of people have a severe mental disorder and also suffer from a substance abuse disorder. People around you could be silently suffering from a mental illness because they are ashamed or don’t realize how much their anxiety disorder is impacting their drug abuse. Why are Co-Occurring Disorders Hard to Diagnose? It can be hard for a doctor to accurately diagnose their patient who has a co-occurring disorder. A person who is experiencing symptoms of a substance abuse disorder can have similar mental health disorder symptoms and vice versa. Those who have depression can portray interchangeable symptoms from drugs they’ve become hooked on. Having issues in the workplace, a quick decline in physical health, or unusual changes in weight are all signs of an alcohol abuse problem. However, the same could be said for depression being the primary cause of these erratic behaviors. Only you can help reveal the truth behind your actions on whether an underlying mental health disorder is an additional cause for the events unraveling in your life. Your family members might see the alcohol or drug abuse and automatically assume it’s a substance abuse issue. Having a mental health issue is easier to hide from your loved ones so you might think that it is better than being vulnerable to them. Some people might not like expressing their mental health issues to others. However, hiding those mental health disorders from yourself and others can prevent you from fully recovering from your co-occurring disorder. You might also be in the dark on what type of mental illness you have, especially if you’ve never been to the doctor for it. Being honest with your doctor can allow them to diagnose you accurately. Co-Occurring Disorders Treatment If you have a co-occurring disorder, researching rehab treatment centers and treatment plans they offer before going to one can be very beneficial for your overall recovery. You could end up facing several challenges when you seek professional help, so it’s always best to know what to expect when you are trying to get your life back. Challenges in Treating Co-Occurring Disorders Many people who have a mental health disorder interrupting their life think they can self-medicate with drugs and alcohol and not have to face having to get a professional therapist to diagnose their PTSD or bipolar disorder. Of course, a person might also deny they have a drug or alcohol addiction since they can excuse it as their own sense of treatment for their mental health disorder. This type of reasoning could prevent them from accepting their drug addiction and cause them to refuse any rehab treatment. Those who have co-occurring disorders might not always get a correct diagnosis from their doctor or at a rehab facility. Most people aren’t treated the way they should since rehab centers might only address one of the disorders they are suffering from instead of both. By just treating the substance abuse disorder, you will likely end up relapsing in the future since your anxiety or depression will cause you to go back to your old habits of using drugs and alcohol. It can also make your mental state much worse as a result. When a person stops using drugs and alcohol, it can aggravate those mental health issues more than usual. Your body is used to those drugs affecting your mental state, so lack of drugs can wreak havoc when you are no longer under the influence of those drugs. As a result, you won’t be able to entirely recover from your dual diagnosis. Treating Co-Occurring Disorders So, you might be wondering: what type of treatment plan is more effective and the best one for you? An integrated treatment plan can be beneficial in treating people who have co-occurring disorders. According to Behavioral Health Evolution, an effective treatment plan involves both disorders being treated at the same time, place, and by the same treatment team. If your doctor decides only to treat one disorder, the other one will grow worse as time progresses. This co-occurring disorder treatment allows your doctor to diagnose and treat both disorders. Having a qualified therapist for dual diagnosis treatment is essential in making sure that both of them are being handled properly. An inexperienced therapist might not be able to differentiate between your drug addiction and your mental health disorder. Of course, this could also take some time when you go to rehab, so be prepared for a lengthy time to recover. As stated by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, you need to have a long-term treatment plan to fully recover and prevent future relapses from happening. Everyone is different for their recovery time but having a mental health disorder and a substance abuse disorder can take more time to heal than if you just had one of those disorders plaguing your health. Do you suspect you have a co-occurring disorder? You might face difficult challenges along the way to recovery but having the best treatment by a qualified therapist will allow you to get your life back on track once again. There’s always hope in fighting your dual diagnosis, so don’t start thinking this is going to be too hard to get through.

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Apr. 7, 2008 Scientists are beginning to develop a clearer picture of what makes some people stand head and shoulders above the rest. A team of researchers who last year identified the first common version of a gene influencing height has now identified a further twenty regions of the genome which together can make a height difference of up to 6cm. The results, published together with two independent studies in the journal Nature Genetics, mean that scientists now know of dozens of genes and genetic regions that influence our height. This provides scientists with a fascinating insight into how the body grows and develops normally and may shed light on diseases such as osteoarthritis and cancer. Unlike a number of other body size characteristics such as obesity, which is caused by a mix of genetic and environmental factors (so called "nature and nurture"), 90 per cent of normal variation in human height is due to genetic factors rather than, for example, diet. Last year, a team of researchers including Dr Tim Frayling from the Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, and Professor Mark McCarthy from the University of Oxford identified the first common gene variant to affect height, though it made a difference of only 0.5cm. Now, using DNA samples from over 30,000 people, many taken from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium -- the largest study ever undertaken into the genetics underlying common diseases -- and from the Cambridge Genetics of Energy Metabolism (GEM) consortium and the CoLaus Study in Switzerland, the researchers have identified 20 loci (regions of genetic code), common variations of which influence adult height. "The number and variety of genetic regions that we have found show that height is not just caused by a few genes operating in the long bones" says Dr Frayling. "Instead, our research implicates genes that could shed light on a whole range of important biological processes. "By identifying which genes affect normal growth, we can begin to understand the processes that lead to abnormal growth -- not just height disorders but also tumour growth, for example." Half of the new loci identified by Dr Frayling and colleagues contain genes whose functions are well documented. Some help regulate basic cell division, which may have implications for cancer research: unregulated cell division can lead to the growth of tumours. Other genes are implicated in cell-to-cell signalling, an important process in the early development of embryos in the womb. Yet others are so-called "master regulators", acting as switches to turn genes elsewhere in the genome on or off. One locus in particular is also implicated in osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis involving the effects of wear and tear on the body's structures. This locus reinforces a similar link identified by a previous study, and may be involved in the growth of cartilage. However, of the twenty loci identified by Dr Frayling and colleagues, half contain genes about which little or nothing is known. The researchers compare these findings to their work last year which identified the first common gene for obesity, the FTO gene. Even though the gene has been shown without a doubt to be influence body size, its role is still unclear. "There may be more than a hundred genes which affect our height, many of which will work in surprising or unpredictable ways," says Dr Mike Weedon, lead author on the paper. "The challenge now for us is to understand how they influence growth in the body. This could open up new avenues for treating a range of diseases." Other social bookmarking and sharing tools: Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above. Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

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Learn more about BMI or body mass index, including a BMI Calculator, BMI Tables, and BMI Growth Charts for boys and girls. - Understanding BMI Review how to calculate and interpret your child's body mass index or BMI to help determine if he is overweight, underweight, or at a healthy weight. - BMI Tables New recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics call for health professionals to calculate and record children's body mass index at yearly well child checks. My new Children's BMI Tables make finding child's BMI easy. - Childhood Obesity Obesity in kids has reached epidemic levels. Experts estimate that 15% of kids are overweight and another 15% are at risk of becoming overweight. And two thirds of these overweight kids will become overweight adults. Learn to prevent obesity and help your kids stay at a more healthy weight. - How Many Calories Are in a Pound of Fat? Understanding how many calories it takes to gain a pound of fat can help you understand how your kids become overweight so quickly. - Calorie Calculator This Calorie Calculator will help you determine how many calories that you and your kids need each day. - Who's to Blame for Childhood Obesity? Obesity in kids is a new epidemic. Who's to blame? Fast food? TV? Soft Drinks? Snacks? Video Games? You? - Ideal Body Weight Calculator Parents often wonder if their children are overweight, underweight or just right. Using our ideal body weight calculator, you can figure out if your child is at an appropriate weight for his or her height. The ideal body weight calculator also works for adults!

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Table of Content |Nguyên - Phân tử khối (g/mol)| |Khối lượng (g)| No information found for this chemical equation Explanation: The ideal environmental conditions for a reaction, such as temperature, pressure, catalysts, and solvent. Catalysts are substances that speed up the pace (velocity) of a chemical reaction without being consumed or becoming part of the end product. Catalysts have no effect on equilibrium situations. In a full sentence, you can also say CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) reacts with H2O (water) and produce C2H5OH ((c2h5)2nh diethylamine) This equation does not have any specific information about phenomenon. In this case, you just need to observe to see if product substance C2H5OH ((c2h5)2nh diethylamine), appearing at the end of the reaction. Or if any of the following reactant substances H2O (water), disappearing We no further information about this chemical reactions. Handpicked Products Essential while Working from Home! acetaldehyde2CH3CHO + O2 → 2CH3COOH 4AgNO3 + 3CH3CHO + 5NH3 → 4Ag + 3NH4NO3 + 3CH3COONH4 CH3CHO + H2O → C2H5OH View all equations with CH3CHO as reactant waterCO + H2O + PdCl2 → 2HCl + CO2 + Pd Fe2(CO3)3 + 3H2O → 3CO2 + 2Fe(OH)3 2H2O + 2KMnO4 + 5SO2 → 2H2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 View all equations with H2O as reactant waterHCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl 3NH4NO3 + CH2 → 7H2O + 3N2 + CO2 2(NH4)3PO4 + 3Ba(OH)2 → 6H2O + 6NH3 + Ba3(PO4)2 View all equations with H2O as product Interesting Information Only Few People Knows

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An American Haunting | 2006 Based on a true state-documented case that took place during the 1800s. Between the years 1818-1820, the Bell family of Red River, Tennessee was visited by an unknown presence that haunted the family and eventually caused the death of one of its members. What started as small sounds around the farm and the sighting of a black, yellow-eyed wolf escalated into physical brutality against certain family members and general psychological and physical torment. The attacks grew in strength, with the spirit slapping, pulling, dragging, and even beating the Bells' youngest daughter. Though no being could be seen, its effects were evident. It began to communicate with the family aurally, eventually through multiple voices that sounded like the wind. One message it communicated was a promise that one day it would kill one of the family members. The Bells searched for rational explanations and ways to rid their house of the evil chimera, but its presence persisted. Fearing that the haunting was caused by a local woman who had been branded a witch, the Bells tried desperately to find ways of undoing what they thought to be the woman's curse, presumably placed upon the family in retaliation for a land dispute. Despite their efforts the attacks escalated. It was not until a manuscript of the local schoolteacher, who lived on the property during the disturbance, was found in 1998 that the horrifying and shocking answer to what caused this haunting would finally be unveiled.

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Water rates have risen in Mason City but according to City Clerk Gail Zoerb, almost no one is complaining. The higher water bills are paying for a solution to what could have been a catastrophe in the making. Mason City residents were using far more water than the old well could keep up with. The rusty, hole-filled well was on the brink of collapse leaving the community completely high and dry. Mason City's water system, its well and its tower were older than dirt, claimed Mason City Utility/Maintance Manager Gary Zoerb, when asked when the original well and tower were built. Mason City’s water woes escalated when high demand put serious strain on their solitary well. Gary remarked that this small community of approximately 170 residents was consuming nearly 350,000 gallons per day. Seriously concerned if the well would continue to take the stress, the Mason City village board put a moratorium on water usage. Residents east of Main Street would be allowed to water their lawns on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Residents west of Main Street could water on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday with no one allowed to water on Sunday. The moratorium cut water usage but was only a temporary solution. In 2006, Mason City received a grant for a planning study to determine how to fix water their problem. The study determined there was definitely a need for a new well. The village board voted to apply for a water grant, which they did with the help of Miller & Associates. Mason City ultimately won the grant and in 2008 were awarded $943,00 from USDA Rural Development and the DED (Department of Economic Development) to construct a new municipal well, pump station and high pressure distribution loop, and to install a new water storage tank. Part of the grant ($328,800) came in the form of a 40-year bond which would need to be paid back. As part of the agreement accompanying the government grant money, the village was required to install meters on every property that would be using water. The USDA also established a recommended water usage rate residents would need pay for their water to ensure the bond was paid back on time. As the meters were installed, Gary said he got on the phone and called everyone who had property to ask if they wanted water, and this included several owners who lived outside of Mason City. He said he contacted property owners in Kearney, California, and an owner in Idaho who has four properties in Mason City. If the property owner wanted to have water, they would have to install a meter. No one would be allowed water without a meter. This was something Gary and Gail emphasized several times throughout Tuesday’s interview with the Chief. “Everyone who has water, has a meter,” she said. “If they don’t have a meter, they don’t have water.” The new water rate increased the household (and/or business) bill from a flat fee of $16 a month (plus 35 cents per head for any livestock over five head per property) to $20 a month base fee, plus one dollar per thousand gallons used. “It’s only right to pay for what you use,” said Gail. Even metered properties that have the water turned off still need to pay the base fee of $20. For example, the Zoerbs have four properties and pay for four meters plus usage even though not all of the properties are currently in use. Gary originally estimated that most residents would pay approximately $25 a month with the new water rate plans when he made the calls. He said that almost no balked at accepting to have their places metered, even those with properties with no renters in place. These fees have really helped, said Gail. “It takes everything we get to make the payments,” she added. With the grants in place, Mason City first installed the new well on Main Street to serve the entire community. When completed, they found they had enough grant money left over to replace the decades old well in the park. It was in the original plan to completely overhaul their 100-year-old water tower. “And its a good thing we did,” said Gary. “When they pulled the old well, the casings had holes the size of a dime. And gobs of rust the size of my fist. It would have only been a matter of a year or two before we would have had to replace the well, and then we wouldn’t have had the grant money. We really lucked out,” he said. The two wells now work in tandem to insure the village always is supplied with water no matter what the demand. The metering process has been a long one. Although many of the meters were installed early in the process, they only becoming fully functional in January 2011. Gary reads the meters with an electronic meter reader, and those whose sensors have stopped working, Gary reads manually. Replacements have been ordered. He also watches out for any high usage and gives the property owner a call to make them aware of the situation, and rereads the meter to make sure it registered correctly. “People have come to the realization that to keep the bill down, they will need to not have a leaky faucet,” he said, adding that to date, they haven’t had any outstanding water bills, nor any excessive usage. Mason City resident Joan Cox said it has been nice to not have to worry about working out a schedule for watering around assigned days, especially for those who are gone quite a bit. She says she hasn’t noticed that much of an increase, she has always been careful. What is even nicer this year, she said, is that with the nice rains, she has hardly had to water at all.

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In Switzerland, two pioneers are coming closer and closer to a flight around the world powered only by solar energy. It doesn't make good business sense, physics sense, or much of any kind of sense, to try to fly an airplane on solar power. Not yet. With the state of the technology, and how relatively young the solar sector still is, such an endeavor would be considered quixotic today—let alone in 2003, when Bertrand Piccard and André Borschberg, co-founders of Solar Impulse, announced they would design a solar-powered aircraft and fly it around the world. It would be a statement, they said, about our global dependence on fossil fuels and the untapped promise of burgeoning green technologies. The Swiss pilot-entrepreneurs were after "perpetual flight": a plane that could climb to 9,000 feet and fly on the sun's energy by day, then descend below cloud cover to lower altitudes, where it would cruise on stored battery power by night. It was a long shot. And yet seven years of innovation later, the 70-person Solar Impulse team is nearing its goal. youris.com provides its content to all media free of charge. We would appreciate if you could acknowledge youris.com as the source of the content.

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Helping Gifted Students Make Connections Welcome back to Lighting the Way: Teaching the Gifted Child. The past few weeks we have been discussing current brain research and how it influence gifted education. I hope you have enjoyed the previous posts. This week we are going to discuss how learning actually occurs in the minds of the gifted. Learning is the process of connecting one idea with another. The learning process does not depend upon the intellectual ability of the student. Dr. Pat Wolfe (Laureate, 2012) found that learning occurs when brain cells talk to each other. Dr. Siemens (Laureate, 2012) further explained that the act of learning is the process of creating and navigating a vast array of networks with in the brain. These networks are comprised of neurons that transmit information to other neurons via the axon. The axon is a tiny, rod looking part of a neuron that connects to other neurons. The information is received by a neuron through its dendrites. Wolfe (Laureate, 2012) found every neuron has between 6,000 to 10,000 dendrites. Gross (2013) found gifted children produce more neurons in the brain than their non-gifted counterparts. This allows for the gifted students to process more complex thoughts. Munro (2013) found the network of neurons within gifted children were more complex than there non-gifted peers allowing for more greater activation in different parts of the brain. The complexity of these networks differs in each gifted child providing a different are of expertise. One of the most widespread myths about gifted students is that they can teach Asher, J. (2006) Cortex Matures Faster in Youth with Highest IQ. Retrieved from National Institute of Health website: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2006/cortex-matures-faster-in-youth-with-highest-iq.shtml Bruning, R. H., Schraw, G. J., & Norby, M. M. (2011). Cognitive psychology and instruction (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. Butnik, S (May/June 2013). Understanding, Diagnosing and Coping with Slow Processing Speed. Retrieved from http://www.davidsongifted.org/db/Articles_id_10782.aspx Geake, J. (2009). The Brain at School: Educational Neuroscience in the Classroom. Retrieved from ttps://books.google.com/books?id=jwNFBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=gifted+parietal&source=bl&ots=4WKKXCPmQP&sig=Fh0idjpigXrKyD5uo-Txm1T08BY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCWoVChMIr-CgwbCQxgIVCBmSCh0cowJU#v=onepage&q=gifted%20parietal&f=false Gross, G. (2013, October 21). Who is the gifted Child [Web log post]? Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-gail-gross/who-is-the-gifted-child_b_4119720.html Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Anatomy of the brain. Baltimore, MD: Author Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Connectivism learning theory. Baltimore MD: Author. Monru, J. (2013). High-Ability Learning and Brain Processes:How Neuroscience can help us to understand how gifted and talented students learn and the implication for teaching. Paper presented a the Research Conference, Australia Mrazik, M., & Dombrowski, S. C. (2010). The Neurobiological Foundations of Giftedness. Roeper Review, 32(4), 224-234. doi:10.1080/02783193.2010.508154 Sword, L. (2011). I think in pictures, you teach in words: The gifted visual-spatial learner. Tall Poppies Retrieved from http://www.giftedchildren.org.nz/national/article4.php Treffinger, D (Ed.). (2003). Creativity and Giftedness. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

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Cardamom, also spelled cardamon, consists of entire or floor-dried culmination, or seeds, of Elettaria cardamomum, a herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger circle of ginger relatives (Zingiberaceae). The seeds have barely intense heat and relatively fragrant flavor rather than harking back to camphor. They are popular in South Asian dishes, particularly curries and Scandinavian pastries. The call cardamom now and again carries out to different similar spices of the ginger family (Amomum, Aframomum, Alpinia) used in cuisines of Africa and Asia or as business adulterants of authentic cardamoms. Leafy shoots of the cardamom plant stand up 1.5 to six meters (five to twenty feet) from the branching rootstock. Approximately 1 meter (three feet), flowering shoots can be upright or sprawling. Each bears numerous flowers about 5 cm (2 inches) in diameter with greenish petals and a red-veined white lip. The whole fruit, zero.8 to 1.5 cm, is an inexperienced 3-sided oval capsule containing 15 to 20 darkish, reddish-brown to brownish-black, hard, angular seeds. The crucial oil occurs in massive parenchyma chambers underlying the skin of the seed fur. The actual grease content varies from 2 to ten percent. Its most important components are cineole and α-terpinyl acetate. Farming and Processing The cardamom result can amass from wild vegetation native to the moist forests of southern India; however, most cardamom cultivates in India, Sri Lanka, and Guatemala. The result is picked or clipped from the stems simply before adulthood, cleansed, and dried within the sun or in a heated curing chamber. Cardamom may bleach to a creamy white coloration within the vapors of burning sulfur. After smoking and drying, the small stems of the capsules eliminate by winnowing. Decorticated cardamom consists of husked dried seeds. What are the Health Benefits of Cardamom? It is a spice that humans have used in cooking and medicinal drugs for hundreds of years. Initially a not unusual component in Middle Eastern and Arabic foods, it has also won recognition within the west. It comes from the seeds of numerous unique flowers belonging to the same family as ginger. It has a different flavor that complements both candy and savory dishes. People may also use cardamom seeds and pods in curries, desserts, meat dishes, and beverages, consisting of espresso and chai tea. People may also take cardamom as a complement for its fitness advantages. It incorporates phytochemicals that have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial houses. People may purchase it as: - Entire seed pods with the interior of the seed - Also, Pre-floor cardamom spice powder, which producers produce from seeds - An important oil - An herbal complement, generally within the form of a capsule Researchers have performed numerous small research on it, which endorse some fitness blessings. Although these research are promising, significant, and managed, human studies are essential before healthcare experts advocate cardamom to treat scientific problems. Some Health Benefits are - Antimicrobial Potential - Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes - Also, Heart Health - Oral Fitness - Liver Health - Anticancer Residences - Ulcer Prevention Nutritional Value of Cardamom It consists of several nutrients and minerals and a few fibers. It is also shallow in sugars and calories. Permitting to the Department of Agriculture, one tablespoon of ground cardamom contains the following nutrients: - Calories: 18 - Entire Fats: 0.Four grams (g) - Carbohydrates: 4. Zero-g - Fiber: 1.6 g - Protein: zero.6 g It additionally incorporates the Subsequent Quantities of Vitamins and Minerals: - Potassium: 64.9 milligrams (mg) - Calcium: 22.2 mg - Iron: zero.81 mg - Magnesium: 13. Three mg - Phosphorus: 10. Three mg Risks and Side Effects There are not any reported dangers of the use of cardamom in cooking or any known adverse aspects consequences. Using cardamom as a spice and flavor manager is safe for most people. There isn’t any established dosage for taking cardamom as a supplement. Many cardamom drugs or pills list dosages of four hundred–500 mg of dried herb in step with the tablet. Before taking cardamom pills or other natural dietary supplements, someone needs to communicate with a healthcare expert. Although many of its fitness blessings need similarly examined, it is safe for most people to soak up moderate amounts. It’s herbal phytochemicals have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory talents that might enhance health. However, it’s far too early to mention whether this spice can deal with any fitness conditions.

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Kidney Stones and Your Treatment Options Kidney stones are a relatively common problem, affecting approximately two in 20 women and three in 20 men. They are solid material, consisting of salts and minerals which form into hard crystals. They can be small enough to simply pass through body through the urinary system undetected, without causing pain. However, some kidney stones become large enough to causes blockages, which occur in the ureter (the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder) and the urethra (the tube through which urine passes to leave the body). Typically, the first symptom of kidney stones is cramping and pain, which is often severe and develops very quickly. Fortunately, there are good, established treatment options, depending upon the size and location of your stones. What are the causes of kidney stones? The kidneys have an important role in the body to clean the blood by filtering out waste products and water to make urine. Kidney stones can develop if there is a build-up of minerals or salts, your body struggles to break them down and they form crystals. - Dehydration is one of the most widely recognised causes of kidney stones. You should drink six to eight glasses of fluid each day, ideally water or clear fluids. Coffee and tea can contribute to the problem - A high level of red meat consumption is a risk factor, together with chocolate and peanuts (foods containing oxolates). Although some people can eat these foods without developing kidney stones, if you have a predisposition to this problem, dietary changes can be very helpful - Urinary tract infections increase your risk of this problem - There may be an increased risk due to lack of exercise Kidney Stone Treatment options This is the most minimally invasive approach to treatment but is only appropriate for people who have small to medium sized stones. Known medically as Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL), it involves breaking up the deposits using high energy shock waves. Once broken into fragments, they can be passed out of the body in the urine, thus avoiding any surgery or incisions. This is the next level approach which may be used if a stone is more than 1cm in diameter, if it is located in the lower part of the kidney or if lithotripsy has been used and has not been successful. A thin telescope containing a laser is passed up through the bladder and urethra to the kidney to precisely target the stone and break it up. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) This is the approach used for stones that are large, difficult to reach, or very hard and unresponsive to other treatments. It is a form of keyhole surgery, making a small incision in the lower back in order to reach and break up the stone. Metabolic tests and ongoing prevention Unfortunately, if you have one occurrence, your chance of developing the same problem are increased. Therefore, it is very important to: - Have metabolic investigations to establish what type of stones you have developed; this will inform an ongoing prevention strategy - Your urologist needs to work with you to develop an prevention strategy, encompassing fluid intake, diet and any other factors which may help you reduce the risk of the same problem reoccurring.

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The moment you are born, your health information would follow you. A comprehensive health record attached to you, a vast health history attached to you and easily accessible, would trail you like a magnetic cape, capturing all your vital signs, doctor visits, medical tests, diagnoses, prescriptions, and hospital stays. Unfortunately, the world has not yet developed a system to track the volume of health data you generate. As a result, you must gather it on your own, stitching together a patchwork of medical minute details and milestones spanning decades. Kelly Batista, executive director of the Brian D. Jellison Cancer Institute at Sarasota Memorial Health Care System in Florida, says it can become overwhelming and can feel like an additional burden. Make use of patient portals Patient portals allow you to access your medical information through a particular provider’s secure website. “These portals contain information about your medical history, your test results, and your interactions with the provider. You can also communicate with providers, ask questions, and srtals alschedule appointments,” Batista says. You can do the following with POO: - During or after your visit, your doctor may have written notes. - You can download your medical records. - View your provider’s prescriptions and request refills. - You need to make payments to your provider. - Keep your insurance information up-to-date. - (Depending on the provider) Take part in telehealth visits. Some portals even allow users to add their own health observations. Consumers can use it to document information that isn’t accessible to the care team. For example, they can say what If If you have a fitness tracker, you can add information about your mood.’s a repository where you can keep all of that information in one location,” says Rema Padman, a health care informatics, analytics and operations researcher and Trustees Professor of Management Science and Healthcare Informatics at Carnegie Mellon University. Mobile health apps can be used You can add mood information to fitness trackers by using pps – apps or programs that you download to your smartphone. Over 300,000 health apps track walking, sleep, fitness, diet, and chronic diseases like diabetes. In addition to tracking health conditions, these apps are helpful for managing day-to-day events,” says Padman. “Health care providers are also using apps and wearables to monitor patients at high risk for adverse events, so they can intervene early and prevent hospitalizations or emergency room visits.” You can also upload information from your fitness tracker or mood tracker. It has the same functions you’ll find on the website, like communicating with your medical team, scheduling appointments, and updating information. That can be handy when you’re on the go or you’re at a doctor’s appointment and need to share information with someone who doesn’t have access to it. The information from your patient portal may also be able to be downloaded to other mobile health apps, such as those that help you manage chronic diseases or pregnancy. That way, you’ll have more information in one place. You can track your health information by having physical copies of your medical records. To obtain these, you will need to request them from a provider, pick them up personally or have them mailed to you. Keeping paper records organized in folders, boxes, or 3-ring binders is helpful once you obtain them. “For instance, a three-ring binder with tabs can easily organize a patient’s medical information in categories such as allergies, medications, diagnostic scans, and lab work. When patients assemble their own binder, they can easily reorganize and modify it as needed. In addition to adding a calendar to binders, patients can also keep track of their upcoming appointments and events,” says Alexis Eastes, a patient navigator based in Venice, Florida. or your doctor’s reference.

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Knowledge of how the brain responds to weight loss and weight gain is advancing research toward the development of effective treatments for obesity, anorexia and other weight disorders. In a review article appearing in the June 19 New England Journal of Medicine, Drs. Michael Schwartz and Randy Seeley of the University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center and VA Puget Sound Health Care System provide an overview of research into weight regulation and the role of neuroendocrine responses. “By identifying the brain’s response to weight loss in the body we can begin to understand how a person’s body weight is normally controlled,” said Schwartz. “This points the way to potential treatments that may successfully help people control their body weight.” The authors note that central to research on weight regulation is an understanding of how the hormones leptin and insulin affect the body’s metabolic functions. This includes the activation of neuropeptide Y, a brain chemical that is a potent stimulator of food intake. “It appears that leptin and insulin can block signals in the brain that trigger normal responses to weight loss, including the increase of food intake,” said Schwartz. “Problems with weight regulation, including obesity and weight loss, can occur due to disorders in these hormonal pathways.” The authors note that weight gain after dieting may be linked to a reduction in the levels of leptin and insulin, hormones that curb appetite and are needed to maintain stable weight. Supplementing leptin in such persons (research currently in clinical trials) may therefore attenuate responses to weight loss and help in maintaining a stable weight. Disturbances in the control of body weight occurring within the central nervous system may also contribute to weight loss associated with illness, such as AIDS or cancer. Schwartz explains that while a person who is dieting or is forced to skip a meal normally becomes hungry, people with such illnesses do not receive the neuronal signals triggering appetite. “These differences will remain the focus of continued research,” Schwartz notes. “If we can first understand and identify the normal responses in the brain, we should be able to find ways to fix those instances where signals go awry and result in weight loss or weight gain.”

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CC-MAIN-2013-20

http://www.washington.edu/news/1997/06/17/how-the-brain-knows-when-the-body-loses-weight-research-provides-clues-about-the-role-of-the-nervous-system-in-regulating-body-fat/

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NOVA; This Old Pyramid Has no lower thirds but all remaining packaging. One hour version More material is available from this program at the WGBH Archive. If you are a researcher interested in accessing the collection at WGBH, please email email@example.com. Undigitized item: Request Digitization Untranscribed item: Request Transcription - This Old Pyramid - Program Number - Series Description Premiered March 1974 NOVA is a general-interest documentary series that addresses a single science issue each week. Billed as "science adventures for curious grown-ups" when it first aired in March, 1974, NOVA continues to offer an informative and entertaining approach to a challenging subject. 1996 marked NOVA's 23rd season, which makes it the longest-running science program on national television. It is also one of television's most acclaimed series, having won every major television award, most of them many times over. Series release date: 3/3/1974 - Program Description This program reveals the ancient secrets of how pyramids were built by actually building one. A noted archaeologist and Egyptologist, Mark Lehner, and a professional stonemason, Roger Hopkins (of "This Old House") join forces in constructing a real pyramid on location in Egypt - using the same conjectured methods used over 4,000 years ago - with the Great Pyramid of Giza looming in the distance as daunting inspiration. Pyramid enthusiast, Martin Isler of Connecticut, and French chemist, Joseph Davidovits are featured theorists. - Asset Type - Media Type - Chicago: “NOVA; This Old Pyramid,” 12/18/1996, WGBH Media Library & Archives, accessed October 22, 2017, http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_EF6E8EF153844B0DA729BF968E36D4A5. - MLA: “NOVA; This Old Pyramid.” 12/18/1996. WGBH Media Library & Archives. Web. October 22, 2017. <http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_EF6E8EF153844B0DA729BF968E36D4A5>. - APA: NOVA; This Old Pyramid. Boston, MA: WGBH Media Library & Archives. Retrieved from http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_EF6E8EF153844B0DA729BF968E36D4A5

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The past couple of weeks, you may have been watching the Olympics! It's pretty amazing to see some of the best athletes in the world compete! Of course, not all of us are at that level. So why is fitness important? Think about it. Sure, you have to be fit to do well in sports, but not everyone cares about sports, and that's okay! What’s the incentive to stay fit? Facts about fitness: - People who exercise frequently have healthier hearts. - Healthier hearts are less likely to have heart disease or strokes. - Exercising causes your body to release endorphins, which then make you feel better! Some runners describe this as a “runner’s high.” All I know is that whenever I’m having a bad day and I exercise, I am in a better mood afterwards! More reasons to exercise: - Strengthens your muscles - Improves mental health - Strengthens heart muscles - Counteracts unwanted weight gain - Reduces some health risks, such as diabetes and depression - Increases endurance and energy There are many ways to determine fitness, such as VO2 max (oxygen used while exercising at capacity), flexibility, body fat percentage, etc. But today, we are going to focus on heart rate. Vo2 max testing: Normal resting heart rates: - Infants: 100-160 beats per minute - Children 1-10 years old: 70-120 beats per minute - Over 10: 60-100 beats per minute How can you improve your heart health? Now that you know a little bit about heart health and why it’s important, let’s test our resting heart rate! (Use the data sheet below to record your results) - Data sheet - Clock or stopwatch Use this video to help you find your pulse if you have trouble: - Place two fingers on the inside of your wrist to find your pulse. If you have a difficult time locating your pulse, place two fingers on your neck, just below your jaw. Whether you choose to use your wrist or your neck, continue to use the same spot for the rest of the activity, for sake of consistency. - Have your partner watch the clock for 15 seconds. In those 15 seconds, you should count how many beats you feel. Record your results. - Repeat step 2 two more times. - Average the three results, and then multiply by 4 to calculate your average resting heart rate in beats/minute. Next, you are going to figure out your heart recovery rate. Predict: How long do you think it will take your heart to return to its resting rate? YOU WILL DO - Do 50 jumping jacks. - Find your pulse in the same spot that you used earlier. - Have your partner watch the clock for 15 seconds while you count your beats. - Record in your data sheet in the column titled, “Pulse Rate (Beats per 15 seconds).” - Continue to take your pulse every minute for 7 minutes and record results in your data sheet. - Multiply each result by 4 to find your beats per minute for each minute recorded. Record in table titled, “Pulse Rate per Minute (Beats Per 15 Seconds x 4).” Now, you are going to graph your heart recovery rate: - Open Microsoft Excel, or other spreadsheet program, on a computer - Create two columns: one for time (in minutes), the other for Change in heartrate over your resting rate (in Beats per Minute). Your spreadsheet will look something like this: - Run one mile as fast as you can (if you don’t have access to a track, set a certain distance, such as around the block). - Find your heart recovery rate. - Repeat weekly to see how you improve your time AND your heart recovery rate! - Do as many pushups as you can. - Find your heart recovery rate. - Repeat weekly to see how you increase your number AND decrease your heart recovery rate! Are there certain activities that you recover from quicker? Try out different exercises and compare recovery rates. Why does heart recovery rate even matter? How could having a slower recovery time affect you? Images and videos, in order of appearance: Memorial Hermann, 2013. VO2 max test: What to expect. Uploaded from Youtube on 8/21/2016. https://youtu.be/fn3Yr-LS_l0 Nova, 2007. Marathon challenge. Uploaded from pbs.org on 8/21/2016. No changes were made. eHow, 2009. Hospital basics: How to check your heart rate. Uploaded from Youtube.com on 8/21/2016. https://youtu.be/Wda4MeCSYyE Excel images and instructions created by Dr. Erin Nyren-Erickson.

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Whether to cancel or modify games or practices in high heat or humidity depends on the air temperature and the humidity (apparent temperature), which can be measured with a wet bulb thermometer (1). In deciding when to cancel or modify games or practices due to high heat or humidity, keep in mind the following: - Hot, dry weather can be extremely dangerous. Because sweat evaporates very quickly in such conditions, your child won't feel sweaty, and neither you nor your child may recognize how much water he or she has lost. - As the relative humidity increases, the effectiveness of sweating in cooling the body decreases. - When the relative humidity is high, sweat drips off the skin so that the cooling benefit of evaporation is lost even at cooler temperatures, resulting in a build-up of body heat. Modify or cancel games or practices based on the air temperature and the humidity (apparent temperature), which can be measured with a wet bulb thermometer available at hardware stores, as follows: - For wet bulb readings below 66 F (or when the relative humidity is 95% or higher, regardless of wet bulb reading), no precautions are needed, but watch closely children who are prone to heat illness. - If the wet bulb temperature is between 66 F and 78 F (or when the relative humidity is 95% or higher, regardless of wet bulb reading), be cautious. Insist on unlimited amounts of water (preferably iced), and that all athletes be monitored closely for symptoms of heat illness. - For wet bulb temperature readings above 78 F (or when the relative humidity is 95% or higher, regardless of wet bulb reading), modify practicebecause there is a real danger for serious heat illness, such as heat stroke. Keep practice light, modify or eliminate some drills, and allow athletes to work out in minimal gear. Water breaks in the shade should be mandatory. Do not allow children who lose weight during exercise to participate. Editor's Note: While limiting or cancelling practices may be possible in some areas in the United States, in many others it is not possible. For instance, a 1991 study of environmental conditions in Alabama over a 5-year period found that there was no time in the month of August when it was considered safe for football practices or games. Similar results were noted for the southern half of that state in the month of September. Where cancelling or modifiying practices or games because of high heat or humidity is impossible, taking others steps to reduce the risk of heat illness, especially for football players, should be taken. 1. Bergeron MF, Rice SG, DiLaura Devore C & Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness and Council on School Health. Policy Statement - Climactic Heat Stress and Exercising Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2011; 128(3) (published onine August 8, 2011). Revised August 8, 2011

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Ownership of Real Property Property owned by one person or entity is known as sole and separate ownership , or ownership in severalty. When property is owned by two or more persons or entities at the same time, it is known as concurrent ownership , or co-ownership. Four Types of Concurrent Ownership Tenancy in Common Tenancy in Partnership When two or more parties own real property as co-owners, with the right of survivorship, it is called joint tenancy . The right of survivorship means that if one of the joint tenants dies, the Surviving partner automatically becomes sole owner of the property. The deceased’s share does not go to his or her estate or heirs, but becomes the property of the co-tenant without becoming involved in probate. In addition, the surviving joint tenant is not liable to creditors of the deceased who hold liens on the joint tenancy property. Co-owners may sell their interest, give it away, or borrow money against it, without consent of the other joint tenants. Because of the right of survivorship, a joint tenant may not will his or her share. Tenancy in Common When two or more persons, whose interests are not necessarily equal, are owners of undivided interests in a single estate, a tenancy in common exists. Whenever some other form of ownership or vesting is not mentioned specifically, and there are co-owners, title is assumed to be a tenancy in common. The only requirement of unity for tenants in common is the equal right of possession or undivided interest — as it is called. That means each owner has a certain equitable interest in the property (such as one-half interest, or one-fourth interest), but has the right to use the whole property. None of the owners may exclude any co-owner from the property, nor claim any portion of the property for exclusive use. Any tenant in common may sell, encumber, or will his or her interest, with heirs simply becoming a tenant in common among the others. One tenant in common cannot create an easement on the property without the consent of the other co-owners. A tenant in common must pay a proportionate share of any expenses incurred on the property, including money spent for repairs, taxes, loan payments, and insurance. When tenants in common do not agree on matters pertaining to the property, any of the co-owners may file a partition action, which asks the court to decide the fate of the investment. All property acquired by a husband and wife during a valid marriage——except for certain separate property——is called community property . Separate property includes all property owned before marriage, all property acquired by either of the parties during marriage by gift or inheritance, and all income derived from separate property. If spouses want to maintain the status of their separate property, they must be very careful not to co-mingle it with their community property. Separate property (such as an apartment building with a negative cash flow) may not be supported with community property funds, nor can the income of either spouse be used in any way to maintain separate property. Any income, including wages from either spouse, is considered community property. Community property cannot be sold or encumbered by only one of the partners. Either spouse may buy real or personal property without the consent of the other; both are bound by the contract made by either one, unless the new property is bought specifically as separate property, with funds from a separate property account. Either party may will one-half of the community property. If there is no will, the surviving spouse inherits all community property. This is important to know, particularly with multiple marriages, for estate planning. Property may be owned with the intention that it go to one’s children, only to learn after the parent’s death that children of the first marriage are no longer natural heirs. If there is a subsequent husband or wife and no will has been made, the new spouse will become the natural heir to the real property. Regarding separate property, if there is no will, the surviving spouse gets one-half and one child gets one-half. If there is more than one child, the surviving spouse gets one-third and the children get two-thirds. Tenancy in Partnership Ownership by two or more persons who form a partnership for business purposes is known as tenancy in partnership . Each partner has an equal right of possession for partnership.

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While it may sound like a B-rated Halloween movie, parts of California really are under a floral invasion. Non-native species introductions are a familiar topic in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta when it comes to animal species, but the Delta faces significant pressures from plant invaders as well. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife defines an invasive aquatic plant as any aquatic plant or algae species whose proliferation or dominant colonization causes ecological or economic harm. Such invaders can also harm public health, and can have a significant socio-economic impact by impeding recreation and water operations for agricultural, municipal, and industrial needs. One of the more recent examples is the water hyacinth invasion of the Port of Stockton, which shut down an annual boat parade and significantly affected shipping access. In addition to hyacinth, there are other alien plant species of concern found throughout the Delta region and its tributaries. On September 15, the Delta Stewardship Council Delta Science Program, the Delta Conservancy, and the UC Davis Department of Environmental Science and Policy hosted The Symposium on Invasive Aquatic Vegetation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta at the University of California, Davis, to facilitate communication, collaboration, and management around invasive aquatic plant species. Speakers discussed a wide variety of topics, including several species of concern in the region, what’s being done to control them, and the threats they pose to the Delta ecosystem. Cliff Dahm of the Delta Science Program noted that the biomass of non-native plants in the Delta seems relatively high in comparison to other systems worldwide, and may be exacerbated by the drought. Although there are a wide variety of non-native aquatic plants with which to contend, speakers highlighted several species that are of significant concern in the Delta region. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), originally believed to be introduced to the United States from its native range in the Amazon River in 1884, reached California by 1907. It has been found throughout the Delta and has been observed creating significant blockages of the San Joaquin River and Tuolumne River (see Hyacinth Woes: From A Gift To A Curse). Proliferation of hyacinth can occur by several methods: water-borne seeds, fragmentation of established plants, vegetative growth by rhizomes, and by watercraft inadvertently transporting it into new waterways. Once water hyacinth has become established in a system, it can quickly dominate a waterway due to its ability to double its biomass in roughly seven to eight days. The water primrose (Ludwigia hexapetala) was another focus of the symposium. One presenter, Shruti Khanna of UC Davis, is involved with mapping invasive species in the Delta and could not stress enough that compared to water hyacinth, water primrose is the real problem of the future. Its native range is waterways in Uruguay, and it has been naturalized in California for at least 25 years, but has only been considered invasive for the last 5 years. Growing along the margins of rivers, lakes, and ponds, it also forms dense mats of vegetation. However, unlike water hyacinth, the primrose’s tissues become more woody over time, making removal all the more difficult. The dense growth of these mats can impact water movement, block out native plants, and reduce the habitat of both fish and waterbirds. Not only does primrose pose a threat to the waterways, it can also choke out native plants along the shoreline due to its creeping, emergent growth. California can learn from Florida’s experience developing their successful aquatic plant management programs. Hyacinth was originally introduced to Florida in 1890, and for the past 40 years, the state has been able to significantly reduce its total coverage by practicing an adaptive management program. Jeff Shardt, a symposium speaker from Florida’s Fish and Wildlife Commission, shared that the group constantly reevaluates their priorities based on public water usage, and conducts annual assessments to detect, prioritize, and evaluate new or current infestations. Floating plants are given first priority in management, followed by plants that may be blocking access and the navigation of waterways. He went on to stress the need to manage water hyacinth infestations year-round, specifically during the colder months where its growth ability becomes significantly impaired. Recent surveys of both the San Joaquin and Tuolumne rivers by our field team have shown significant water hyacinth blockages at numerous sites throughout the system. Although the severity of the blockages has decreased at several sites, the plants have persisted over the past year of surveys. Several of these sites exhibit hyacinth affected by chemical treatments applied by the Department of Boating and Waterways; however, due to the plant’s vigor and new recruitment, these damaged areas can usually be found enveloped in fresh growth. While there is no sure eradication method, hopefully with continued management these hyacinth infestations can be reduced to more controllable levels, and emerging threats from other species can be contained.

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Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. The structure of marine insurance Marine insurance is the way to cover vessels or cargoes in case of loss or damage from the port of origin until the destination. Marine insurance is a kind of insurance developed in maritime sector. The first types of marine insurance contracts were born in Genoa and other countries of Italy around the XVI century. During the 19th century Lloyd’s London and the Institute of London have developed standard clauses to use in marine insurance also called the Institute Clauses. Marine insurance is often grouped with Aviation and Transit risks, and known with the acronym MAT. The Marine Insurance Act includes a standard policy called SG. In 1991, the London market produced a new kind of standard policy called Mar 91 with the Institute Clauses. The MAR 91 form is a general statement of insurance; the Institute Clauses are used to set out the detail of the insurance cover. Lloyd’s of London is composed from names that are making their own wealth at risk to underwrite insurance cover. They provide cover for vessels, platforms and aircraft. Hull and Machinery policy is a kind of limited cover in case of explosion, fire contact with land conveyances, aircraft, salvage, general average, constructive total loss, total loss, partial collision liability and with additional premium limited cover for bursting of boilers and braking of shafts. All forms of hull cover have to be decided from an insurance broker. Protection and indemnity association provide a cover to loss of life, pollution and the risk of cargo for ship-owners. In other forms of insurance to cover vessels can be included war risk Strike and Freight defense. The underwriters are all liable together, but only for their proportion of the risk. If one underwriter should default, the others are not responsible to pick his share of the claim. Cover could be based for voyages and time. Definition of a P&I club This is an association of ship-owners who are together to insure each other on a mutual non- profit-making basis, for their third-party liabilities. The P&L club is formed from ship-owners which are competitors in the business but they understood that it was more advantageous to cooperate together for insurance purposes. Currently the members of P&L are international and different languages culture religion won’t divided their cooperation because they are sharing the same risks and liabilities. In other words they are different people but with the same status and same objectives. Moreover would be better if all the members of the P&L club have the same type of ship, same size, age, cargoes, involved in the same trade, with the same crew. Every ship-owner should have common characteristics to avoid unfair situations. For example a ship owner with a big tanker should pay more than a ship owner with a small bulk cargo. Every member of P&I club shouldn’t unfairly pay the other ship-owners. Since the P&L is a no profit club the members want to ensure each other and try to achieve together optimum efficiency in the management of their money. The typical marine policy will cover just three-quarter of the insured’s liability towards third parties. For this reason in the 19th some ship-owner created an underwriting clubs called P&L to insure with all the members of the club the remaining part that the typical marine policy doesn’t cover. These Clubs are still in existence Actual total loss and constructive total loss ALT (actual total loss) occurs where a ship owner has been irretrievably denied access to the property insured. Total loss happens when the vessel is completely damaged and the costs of repairing are higher than the insured value. In this case the Ship-owners will issue a notice of abandonment to Insurers. Insurers will take what is left of the ship and then dispose of the vessel in the best way possible. In the situation of partial loss or emergency repair of a vessel such as in case of storm or when they have to leave a part of cargo to protect the ship and the remain of the other cargo, a common law undertaking in the UK, may be declared. General Average requires all parties concerned in the venture as cargo, freight hull and bunkers, to contribute to compensate the losses or damages. Average adjusters are people specialized in marine claims and responsible to provide the general average statement involved from the insurers or ship-owners. Types of Policies The major types of marine insurance policies are - Time policy The time policy is used for a specific period of time usually for12 months. This policy is most suitable for hull insurance. - Voyage policy With the voyage policy the vessel will be insured just for a specific voyage for example from Karachi to Port Saied. The voyage policy has reasonable time. The ship will be also insured 24h after the arrival. When the cargo has an open cover it will be covered for a voyage in a specific period of time. If there will be some modification about ports, places and destination the insurers are not still responsible of the voyage. Moreover in case of deviation the ship may be covered with an additional premium. - Mixed policy This is a mix between the Time policy and Voyage policy. In other words the vessel will be covered for a particular voyage and specific period of time. - Floating policy Floating policy is taken for the habitual suppliers of goods. It covers several shipments which are declared afterwards along with other particulars. This policy is most suited to exporter in order to avoid trouble of taking out a separate policy for every shipment. - Valued policy This policy will cover the cost of goods and shipping charges plus 10% to 15% margin for anticipated profit. This value could be more than the real value of the goods. - Unvalued policy Where the value of the subject matter of insurance is not declared but left to be ascertained and proved later it is called unvalued policy. - Builder’s risk This policy is valid for more than one year and it will be cover the ship during the construction until the trial voyage. - Blanket policy This policy shows all the cargoes insured, with specific ports, destinations, voyages ,places and it will cover all the risks accordingly. Under this policy the maximum limit of the required amount to protect the vessel will be estimated. - Port risk policy This policy will cover the vessel in a specific port for a determined period of time - Wager policy This is called also “gambling policy” because the policy has not legal effects on the insurers and it cannot be taken to a court of law. - Special hazards policy This policy is used to cover specific risks such as war or piratery. - Composite policy This type of policy is bought from more than one person. When there is not freud each of them will be paid separately in case of loss. - Block policy This kind of policy is usually used from gold’s buyers. It will cover all the risks to loss or damage of the gold from the port of delivery until the destination. - Fleet Policy This policy will cover more than one ship which is member of the same ownership or management. Each ship will have a separate insurance. New Building risks: The policy is used to cover the risks of damage the vessel during the construction. War risks: Usual Hull insurance doesn’t cover the risks of the ship in war zones. The vessel could be protected in war zone paying an additional premium. The areas with war risks are decided by the London-based Joint War Committee which has recently included the Malacca Straits. Increased Value (IV): This policy will cover the ship-owner in case of difference between the insured value of the vessel and the market value of the vessel. This is a form of old insurance and it is currently obsolete. It was used by the insurer in case the vessel was late to arrive at the port of destination or lost. A – All Risks Another type of insurance policy is A-ALL Risks which doesn’t mean that it will cover all the losses but just the ones by fortuitous condition. The requirement that the cause of loss be “fortuitous” excludes: inherent defects, intentionally caused losses ordinary wear and tear and naturally occurring losses. The term Inherent Vice refers to a loss arising from “qualities inherent” in the goods insured. The application of Inherent Vice is a strong possibility in certain cargoes, for example hydroscopic cargo, fruits and vegetables, wine, cocoa and coffee beans, iron and steel products, wood products, fish meal, leather goods, hides and skins, flour, soybeans, plantains, potatoes, pistachio nuts, walnuts, rubber, rugs, carpet backing, others. As Inherent Vice is an exception to liability, the burden of proof is on the insurer to support the declination of any cargo claim. An insurer does not agree to insure against damage that is bound to happen or inevitable as a result of the natural tendency of the cargo to deteriorate or sustain damage without an external fortuitous accident triggering the damage. The “Inherent Vice” exclusion can also apply to a loss which, due to manner in which the cargo is shipped, is regarded as inevitable. A good example is given by cargoes that are susceptible to high and low temperatures. Fresh eggs, chocolate, cocoa cake, wine, beer that are shipped in regular ocean containers during certain times of year when weather conditions are expected to be hot or cold, and without the use of a heated and insulated container ,are bound to sustain losses. Damage that occurs in the course of ordinary handling and transportation of cargoes, without the intervention of a fortuity, can be due to Inherent Vice and would be exuded from coverage. Cite This Work To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: Related ServicesView all DMCA / Removal Request If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on the UKDiss.com website then please:

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FSIS Fact Sheets & Online Educational Materials: Errata Cook all raw beef, pork, lamb, and veal (steaks, roasts, and chops) to a minimum internal temperature of 145 °F as measured with a food thermometer before removing from the heat source, followed by a rest time of at least 3 minutes before carving or consuming. This new time and temperature combination is sufficient for food safety and quality. For reasons of personal preference, consumers may choose to cook meat to a higher temperature. Unchanged cooking guidelines: - Cook all raw ground beef, pork, lamb, and veal to 160 °F. - Cook all poultry products to 165 °F. For further information, visit AskKaren.gov to ask a food safety question, or call the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline at 1-888-MPHotline (1-888-674-6854).

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I love to celebrate my daughter’s life. My facebook feed is a chock full of pictures of my beautiful girl grinning away with delight, exploring the world and enjoying her life. And I am beyond grateful that we have so many wonderful, wonderful times together. Times during which she has not a care in the world, and all is as it should be. Seeing this flood of happy images, one would probably find it hard to imagine that my beautiful daughter suffers from clinically diagnosed anxiety. It is estimated that up to 80% of individuals with Aspergers have anxiety (as do many children with Kabuki Syndrome), so Sophie is certainly not alone. It is important to remember that people with autism have differences related to their diagnosis that increase their chances of having anxiety. Differences with how they see, hear and feel things in the world (sensory processing) can lead to exaggerated stress responses. Difficulties with understanding social cues and navigating social interactions can also lead to exaggerated stress responses. And it has been shown that some people with autism actually have an enlarged amygdala. The amygdala is the part of the brain that initiates the fight or flight response – and the amygdala can’t distinguish between a real threat and a perceived threat. So there are physiological differences in people with autism that are also linked to heightened anxiety. Add all of these things together, and your chances of having anxiety are significantly higher if you have autism. Unfortunately, there can be a great deal of misconception around what anxiety actually looks like, especially in children who are autistic. Sometimes we see behaviours and attribute them to other things. And if you don’t recognize my daughter’s anxiety for what it is, you may be tempted to judge her. So today I want to share a little about how Sophie’s anxiety presents – not because I want the world to see her as “broken”, but because it is only with knowledge that understanding can come. And my little girl has been misunderstood too many times. When my daughter sits in the library by herself every lunch hour – it is not because she is just “the quite kid”, or a kid who isn’t interested in playing with others. And it is not because she doesn’t enjoy outdoor play, or physical play. Sophie is a gregarious little girl. She loves people. She LOVES the play equipment. She BEGS me to stay after school so she can climb the ladders and swing on the ropes. She WANTS friends. She is sitting in the library by herself because her anxiety about what to do in the playground and how to manage all of the social interactions and expectations is overwhelming. What if she asks someone to play and they say no? What then? What if no one asks her to play? What if someone suggests something that she doesn’t want to do? What then what then what then? It is easier for her to retreat to the library than to deal with the intricacies of poorly understood social rules, the fear of the unknown, and the fear of potential “failure”. When my daughter bursts into hysterical tears after arriving at her Girl Guides Halloween disco and begs me not to leave, and starts gasping and rolling her eyes – it isn’t because she is afraid of the scary costumes. She has in fact just spent hours selecting her own scary costume, excitedly repeating that she can’t wait to get to the disco, that she can’t WAIT! NO – it wasn’t the costumes at all – it was the fact that she was afraid that the other kids wouldn’t like her dance moves. And this fear of what others might think has crippled her, left her terrified, left her suddenly unwilling to participate in the event she has been looking forward to for days . When my daughter is bossing your child around in the playground – it is not because she is being mean. And it is not because she is an undisciplined, entitled brat who has been brought up badly. It is because she is desperately trying to control the situation, channel the direction of play in a way that feels familiar to her – to avoid the unexpected and control her anxiety. When my daughter bursts into hysterical shrieking when we decide to go to a new Thai restaurant for dinner, instead of going to the local steakhouse that we had briefly discussed – it isn’t because she is throwing a tantrum to get her own way. It is because she had already planned in her mind how the evening would go. She had already imagined herself sitting in the Kids’ club, doing some coloring in, and she had already picked out the meal she planned to eat. She was feeling safe and comfortable, she felt as though she knew what to expect. Now all of that has changed. She doesn’t know what she is in for. What if there is nothing she likes on the menu? What if the lights are too bright, the noise too loud? What if there are no activities for her to do? What if what if what if? The fear of the unexpected can be overwhelming for her at times. Now sure, all kids have fears. But anxiety is different to fear. Anxiety can be crippling, Anxiety can (and does) lead to social isolation. And it doesn’t always look like what you think. People with autism experience the world in a different way to most people, and that world can sometimes be difficult to understand. There are times when even I, as Sophie’s mother, can’t figure out what has triggered her anxiety. Sometimes I don’t know until months later, when she will whisper quietly to me about it as I lie next to her for songs at nighttime. So I don’t expect everyone to be able to figure it out all the time. All I am asking is to please be gentle with my daughter. Don’t judge. Don’t assume you know WHY she is acting in a certain way. Just know that she needs to feel safe, and that she sometimes needs to be supported to fully engage with the world around her in the way she wants to. So what does this have to do with pink tigers? According to Deborah Lipsky (in the book From Anxiety to Meltdown) “People with autism are like tigers. A tiger’s natural environment where they are content doing what comes naturally and instinctively to them is the jungle. You can put up a circus and train us to jump through hoops – for that is what is expected of tigers so that they fit in an environment not their own. Still a tiger is a tiger, and has natural instincts that are best subdued or dormant for a while but can break forth at any time. People shouldn’t be shocked when a wild animal such as a tiger suddenly and without warning attacks its trainer. Children on the spectrum are expected through much intervention to adapt themselves into a foreign world that goes against their natural “nature”. It is no surprise that tantrums, meltdowns, and bad behaviors “break forth” without any reason apparent to the non-autistic bystander.” Sophie has had lots of intervention over the years to help her deal with her anxieties. She has had occupational therapy, social skills classes, psychology appointments and of course lots of loving input here at home. But the tiger can’t always be tamed. And the tiger in my house is a pink one 😊

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Malcolm Gooding has spent hundreds of hours in the field. He has worked with microbiologists to test the concentration of E. coli in local water systems. He has done dye tracing with hydrologists in a karst area to see how and where the water traveled. He has worked with geologists to gather water samples to prepare for various analyses. And, he recently presented a poster, “Most Effective Methods in Identifying, Etching, and Dissolving Limestone,” at the AAPG Eastern Section Meeting. Malcolm Gooding is 13 years old. The 8th-grader from Lexington, Ky. participates in the local 4H program where he has been the Overall Grand Champion in Geology at the Kentucky State Fair for four years straight. He’s a life-long Boy Scout who is only one level from becoming an Eagle Scout. He also plays viola in the Morton Middle School band. At such a young age, his resume is already more impressive than most adults’. But when asked about his hobbies outside of all these activities, the answer couldn’t be more normal. “Does sleep count?” he asked. “If so, then sleep, television and food. Oh, and Pokemon.” It Runs in the Family Malcolm comes from a family of scientists — overachievers, some might say. His grandfather, Patrick Gooding, an AAPG Member and career geologist who immigrated to the United States from the Port of Trinidad, Spain on a track scholarship in 1971, has given him the exposure to opportunities that most kids don’t have. “I’ve been with the Kentucky Geological Survey research department at the University of Kentucky for 39 years,” said Patrick. “My grandson, Malcolm, has been on several Geological Society of Kentucky field trips and spent many hours in the field with me and at my office since he was very young.” He couples his role as grandfather with his role as educator, providing his grandchildren with learning experiences outside the classroom. “I’ll wake them up at 1:30 a.m. while on vacation in Florida to see turtles laying eggs or to see a space shuttle take off. They know that when the car stops, it is time to get out and examine the rocks and collect samples even though they are half asleep,” he said. “I seize every opportunity to take all my grandchildren to visit our wonderful National Parks. They participate in hikes, ranger programs, museum visits, park activities and the Junior Ranger Program.” Malcolm has been to 35 national parks over the years with his grandfather. A couple of his favorites are Mammoth Caves and Carlsbad Caverns. “I like caves. I like the dark, gloomy feel — all the high edges, the cave cliffs, that there is little vegetation.” His first cave experience was at Climax Caves in Kentucky with his Boy Scout troop. Most of his fellow Scouts approached the caves with trepidation. Not Malcolm, though. “As long as I can remember, I have been going on expeditions. So, I’m definitely not scared of nature,” he said. For Patrick, these adventures with his grandchildren aren’t just learning opportunities; they have deeper meaning. “We go to see volcanoes and sand dunes, or the Grand Canyon, which I have been to many times and studied while I was in college,” he said. “But to stand at the rim of the Grand Canyon and show my grandchildren for the first time — experiencing the beauty of it — it’s always exciting for me and my wife.” Never Too Young Recently, Patrick found a project for his grandson closer to home. Patrick has been a Member of AAPG for 34 years and is currently serving his seventh year as a member of the House of Delegates. Lexington was the site for the 2016 Eastern Section Meeting, which gave Gooding the opportunity to mentor his grandson for a project. “When he’s at my office, he’s always looking for new projects. We started talking about how geologists always use one particular acid when working with limestone. He wondered if there were better alternatives,” he said. Malcolm’s study, titled “Most Effective Methods in Identifying, Etching, and Dissolving Limestone,” required at least 150 hours of collecting, slabbing, weighing, mixing acids, testing, photographing, preparing graphs, analyzing the data and reaching conclusions. “I ended up doing 164 samples, looking at the effects of different acids on different types of limestones from all different ages. The results were pretty cool,” said Malcolm. He was accepted as a presenter at the AAPG Eastern Section Meeting — perhaps one of the youngest presenters ever — where he explained and defended his work to those in attendance. “I would send people over to test him and his knowledge. It’s good practice for him and he performed very well,” said Gooding. “But his results are also very beneficial for the geological community.” Malcolm knows that the work he does is significant and that understanding how the environment works is important for all of us. “Like when I worked on the E. coli study, I knew it was important for people to know if their water was safe. If they don’t know these things, they could end up harming themselves or others by going places that are unsafe,” he said. Malcolm visits his grandfather every weekend, where they spend time outdoors exploring, studying and always looking for their next project. That doesn’t mean there isn’t a little down time. “When I’m with my grandfather, I don’t get to play video games. He loves science and loves going outside. But we still spend a lot of time on the couch watching television together,” he said. Now, Malcolm’s sister has become interested in competing in the 4H geology section like her brother. Patrick doesn’t allow his grandchildren to just go out and buy the rocks and gems needed to become a grand champion, like some competitors do. Instead, he takes them directly to the source to collect them. “So, it looks like I have to start all over again with her,” he laughed, “and I couldn’t be happier.”

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Lewis Out of the Silent Planet , Perelandra have explored a specific histalt or alternate history, in his case those rooted in the fall of humankind from grace. His Narnia series posits a very different world, but accessible through a special "place between the worlds" one that potentially gives access to many alternate timelines or worlds, which share much in common. Modern alternate history specialists such as Harry Turtledove focus on military history and how the outcome of a single battle, campaign, or wartime decision could have produced an alternate timeline or timelines. This is a favourite for alternate history buffs, for there have been many history-changing events that hinged on the outcome of a single battle improbably won. Second World War alterations provide numerous alternate history scenarios. Such alternate histories are more of the "what if" type, with no interchange or direct comparison between two co-existing alternative timelines. Rick Sutcliffe's alternate history fiction has elements of both a specific alternate history but that also interacts with our own universe. Focused on moral decision making throughout, from the initial nexus decisions through to the daily lives of its "current" characters on the various alternate earths, it also features alternate military history. The alternate worlds are only partially independent, and there is some interaction between them. Not all choices lead to a nexus, but some, including those related to both morality and critical technologies, definitely lead to one path taken and another not--one history before, two alternates after. This alternate history, like some others, is also Science Fiction, in the sense that scientific and technological choices shape the alternate societies he posits, and in turn are shaped by them. After all, it was in exploring the interaction among ethics, society, and technology that these stories were born. What if we as a society, made different technological choices? How would those choices shape us? What can Christians say about such issues? So, what if there are several alternate earths, other worlds with a differing alternate history than our own Tirdia beyond some critical nexus points such as those described above? What if some could go there, meet the people, live their adventures, describe them for the rest of us? What if a few people knew of the alternate timelines and could travel among them? What if Summary: Alternate history fiction posits a world where some key decision s or battle s went a different way than in our familiar history a "nexus" or "point of departure". However, the histalt of an alternate world encompasses the resulting differences in culture, technology, national boundaries, the economy, and the people themselves. Picture Hitler as a used car salesman, a rabbi, or a best-selling author. The alternate history author must to some extent account for the alternate history in a comprehensive way, hence a "histalt". In some alternate history timeline scenarios, there are several co-existing earths, with occasional leakage or travel between them. Rick Sutcliffe's alternate history fiction takes place on several such worlds joined via a medium called the Timestream , each alternate earth distinguished from the others by a decision or group of decisions nexus triggers that radically altered subsequent history. Moreover, "adjacent" alternate worlds in the timestream tend to affect each other's history, so that major events may be similar on, say, Tirdia and Hibernia see the links to the Timestream and The Interregnum. At some times during their respective histories, some adjacent worlds may influence each other so strongly that their alternate histories converge back to a common stream after a time Prime and Meta by A. In Rick Sutcliffe's AH, the focus is on ethical decision making, particularly with respect to the appropriate technology, so this alternate history fiction is also science fiction, though that is not necessarily always the case with alternate history. Must not be simultaneously submitted to another publication. Must be an original work that has not been published elsewhere. Reviews and articles about historical fiction, alternate history books, genres and writers are welcome and criteria 2 and 3 above also apply. We would love to have your artwork to illustrate the magazine and website. Please let us know what rights you are granting us and be aware that the magazine will be published as an ebook and printed book. Please submit using our online submission system provided by submishmash. You will also receive a free PDF copy of the issue. We are looking for First English Language serial rights, which means that we have the right to publish it first before it appears anywhere else. Once published you could then publish the story elsewhere if you wish, such as an anthology for instance. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. Horror Tree is a resource for authors providing links to publishers with open markets, writing advice, news from the industry, and more! Voss is an adequate logical detective, but the mystery here is less subtle than the Parks. Abby has lived all her life on a house above the sea, but she has never been to the water. When an enthralled flying messenger arrives at her house, she offers to set it free if it will carry her down to the sea. A lift of a wing and their circle encompassed the whole of the house. Suddenly she was dropping nearer, nearer, and then they dove and landed flat in the carved hollow in one pillar just a foot above the tide. The stryke set her down, upright, and she ignored the trembling in her legs as she crouched at the edge and dipped her fingers in the water. Violet has always known she was different, but when she was fourteen her faery mother came to her and she understood she was a changeling. When the faeries begin to make war on the humans, she believes she knows what side she is on. Because she was a faery and had no heart. Intentions mattered nothing; and her nature was that she had always been a traitor. Download Alt Hist Issue 7: The Magazine of Historical Fiction and Alternate History (Volume But now that she knows she has no soul, she is driven to understand what effects the soul has in humans. When Abe is trampled into goo by a herd of elephants, the nearby wizard Philoneous reassembles him. Most of him. The wizard keeps a few bits for his own purposes. Nothing essential, I assure you. Philoneous also wants Abe to do a small task for him: retrieving his stolen hat from the merchant Vangelin. Itet is caught up in conflicts among the gods. She has been raised as a sacrificial wife for Lord Sun, but instead she is [almost] drowned and possessed by the spirit of the river, who speaks through her. She also becomes the confidant of Ant, who lets her in on a lot of godly secrets, such as the fact that Lord Sun is only a human puppet of the real god, who has imprisoned most of the others. But Butterfly escaped and remained free, with the help of rebellious Ant, and is now plotting a rematch. That one remaining, whom I am forbidden to name, older even than the river, capricious and chancy, ravenous in one season, abstemious in others, beautiful and deadly dangerous: she forced the interloper to meet her in open battle. A nicely complex tale in a well-imagined world full of magical creatures involved in plots and conspiracies. Itet is the narrator, but she has forgotten too much; the real protagonist here is Ant. It was sudden, shocking news that the current publisher of this print magazine has decided to pull the plug for financial reasons. The last issue was posted almost immediately online. The quality of this fiction makes me regret its passing all the more. In Portuguese Angola at the turn of the 20th century, the narrator sets out into the interior looking for her missing missionary father. She was raised among the Umbundu, who gave her the name Kayela as a child. Her guide is frightened at the thought of her destination, for there the fierce Kanguellas reputedly dwell, although the Portuguese say they are only a myth. On their journey, they come to a village that has summoned the Mavumbula, a fearsome witch hunter. In order to save the accused witch, whom she believes to be innocent, the narrator challenges the witch hunter to the poison test. Perhaps now, such minutiae were no longer beneath my notice, being as they were the last things I might ever perceive. Or perhaps, I thought, this was merely a symptom of the poison washing through my veins. She continues her journey through many more adventures and misadventures, but at the end she has earned her adult name. The author writes with great authority; the narrative voice is strong and authentic. For it is an ambiguous fantasy; it is possible to read this account as a realistic journey through late colonial Africa. When ghosts whisper to her in dreams, these may merely be dreams, the voice of her own subconscious. And her father might have gone mad. Or she may be the one gone mad. There is certainly a deep mystery about her identity, which would seem to require that either someone is insane or supernatural forces are operating. A fictional landscape is the consensual creation of the reader, using the materials provided by the author. Encountering an error of fact or assumption can cause the entire setting to collapse. - Fresh Start: 31 Days to Simplify, Declutter, and Rein in the Chaos; - Lois Tilton reviews Short Fiction: late October – Locus Online. - Sketches of Pain. - Menace at Midnight. - Alternate history - Wikipedia! - Alt Hist # 5 edited by Mark Lord (magazine review). : SFcrowsnest; But in fiction, what we always see is a landscape of the imagination. Marie sang whenever she was alone. The store had an enormous collection of old sheet music, and she loved learning new songs. Once when her father went to Missouri for a funeral, she sang all day and all night, the entire time. She stood up straight and breathed deeply, smelling the dust and the brass polish. Enter your email address to get started The shadows contained hidden listeners to whom she sang as beautifully as she could until her heart ached with the effort, until they were weeping, laughing, falling in love, shouting bravo! But when her father insists, for some reason, that she learn to play the banjo, he gives her an instrument inlayed by her mother with hummingbirds, who speak to her and teach her songs. Marie becomes a star on the radio, singing, but this enrages her father, who is determined to stop her and destroy the hummingbirds who defy him. Lovely story. But this may just be me. Marja has the Mark of a witch, although in other days such women were prized for their power. A solitary witch has little power, without her mother or daughter, and bearing a daughter would certainly attract the attention of witchhunting priests. She marries a man who promises her a home, but his mother has always complained of her. Now she is pregnant when her husband dies, and she knows she has to escape before her daughter is born and reveals her secret. This scenario is too contrived to be credible, which is unfortunate as it would otherwise be well done. Part of her soul was already in there. Would she get it back if she deleted it? More to the point, did she want to? The photo was a work of art. And what good was a soul, anyway? If her parents were right, and apparently they were, then it was a ticket to eternal boredom on one hand or eternal damnation on the other. So Mary decides to take all the advantage she can and sell her soul to the Devil. Cleverly done. This one makes an interesting contrast with the very sincere and moving Danvers story. I gotta hole in me. I first noticed it when I was eleven. The hole pulls me backwards. Little pieces of me smaller than dust mites get sucked through my back and float away, dissolve somewhere on the air. Not my skin, or my bones, mind you. There seems to be a curse on the men in his family; they meet early and violent deaths. Virgil finally begins to understand why when his father discovers a hidden attic in their house with a bunch of old papers hidden there, including a strange diagram showing a line of men with a ribbon running through them. It is the ribbon that makes the holes, through which their essence drains backwards in time. According to the author, the story is based on events in her own life, for which she felt compelled to construct an explanation, invoking the ghosts of her own forebears. It is a very strange explanation, which give it an aura of veracity, just because it seems so unlikely that anyone could have made such a thing up. Ongoing Submissions: Alt Hist This is not a conventional or obvious ghost story but the product of a strong imagination. The man who calls himself Bumblethorn is living in a very creepy city where the buildings are alive. The windowshade crept up and disappeared into its pouch above and Mister Bumblethorn confronted the naked window — was it an eye? Was it looking back at him? Mister Bumblethorn looked away, held his breath, tried to determine once more if the walls were breathing, were expanding and contracting rhythmically, ever so slightly. He has forgotten who he really is and how he got to this place, and to make sure he forgets, he smokes some kind of narcotic weed. But more than the weed, he needs water, and in Fleet City water can only be purchased in blood. Here is a nightmarish vision inhabited by grotesques. They appear at first to be rather benign characters, but eventually Bumblethorn is made to recall why he has come to this place, and the scene turns ominous as we see the true nature of the place. This is strong stuff. For a brief moment, it skirts the edge of conventional heroic fantasy but rapidly turns darker. Bumblethorn has good reason to want to forget. [Pdf]$$ Alt Hist Issue 10 The magazine of Historical Fiction and Alte… Two entities on spaceships, escaping from their respective worlds or leaving them to explore, merging in some manner. It is possible that one has eaten the other. The point is what they have in common, not what divides them, which is not exactly a novel concept. Then I awoke, here on the ship, and I was two, I was more than two, I was the sum of a drowned world. There is a monster in me. I am a monster in him. The rest is apparently left to the imagination of the reader.

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Today in World War II History—November 8, 1940 & 1945 80 Years Ago—Nov. 8, 1940: Churchill has extra ravens sent to the Tower of London to replace casualties from German bombings. British crown jewels are removed from the Tower of London to a secret location. Off Australia, US freighter City of Rayville is sunk by a German mine, the first US merchant ship sunk in the war; one man is killed, the first US merchant marine casualty of the war. 75 Years Ago—Nov. 8, 1945: Nationalist Chinese launch offensive against communists in Liaoning Province. Chinese riverboat Hai Chu is sunk by mine near Hong Kong, killing 500.

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Back in “Curiosity, golf math, and another tool for your classroom,” we explored the high-speed video capabilities of the iPhone 6 and talked about how we might use this tool to develop interesting mathematical modeling problems. High speed photography, like that of the iPhone, lets us “see fast.” That is, we can use that tool to see things that happen more quickly than we can ordinarily perceive. Well, the iPhone (and iPad, and iPod touch) lets us go in the other direction as well. We can take advantage of the time-lapse photography mode and see slow. That is, we can capture things that happen so slowly that the change is not within our typical perception of events. One of my favorite summertime “seeing slow” things to do is to get up early and watch the sunrise over the ocean. This year, I was fortunate to have a chance to spend a few days in Cape May, NJ, with beautiful weather, and plenty of opportunities to watch the sunrise. I decided to take this opportunity to explore the time-lapse capabilities of the iPhone and to think a bit about how we might use time-lapse video to create mathematical modeling opportunities in the classroom. Here’s one video I took that spans about 30 minutes of real-time and 27 seconds of “time-lapse” time: In time-lapse mode, the iPhone dynamically chooses the frames per second captured for a time-lapse video, with the frame rate dependent on the total length of the video. For a video that is between 20 and 40 minutes long, like this one, it takes one frame per two seconds and then speeds up the playback time to 60 times normal speed. If the normal playback speed in 30 frames per second, it is now playing the equivalent of 1800 frames per second, so we see 60 seconds of real time for every one second of video. That’s what you are watching in this video. Now, watching the sun rise like this got me to wondering – how many students have actually seen the sun rise? How many have thought about how “brightness” changes as we go from dark to light? If I asked my students to plot “brightness” versus time as we transitioned from before sunrise to after, what would their plots look like? If you get a chance to ask your students this question, please share their thinking! In the meantime, let’s see what we can actually learn about how brightness changes using our time-lapse video of a real sunrise. Along the way, we’ll learn a little bit about image processing, and pick up a few more tools for you and your students to use during your investigations. We’ve already seen how easy it is to collect data using an iPhone or similar device in the form of video. The problem is that video isn’t the most convenient format to use when what we want is numerical data. It is generally much easier to extract numerical data from a still photo. So, the first thing we need to do is extract individual frames from our video. Fortunately, this is pretty easy and you can do the job with a free piece of software called VLC Media Player. It’s ad free, easy to use, and available for just about any operating system you choose. You can easily find instructions as to how to do the frame extraction from video, so I’ll let you read about that elsewhere. This web page is a good start. The more interesting question is what to do with the still photographs once you have them. This is where we need to do a little image processing and to do that it’s helpful if we know how to do a little coding. In fact, knowing how to do a little coding is pretty much an essential skill for the mathematical modeler. At the very least, being able to do a little coding vastly extends the range of what you can do with your mathematical models and for models that are mathematically complex, being able to code and obtain a numerical solution to your problem is often the only path forward. So, I’d advocate having your students learn to tap into the power of computing every chance you get! There are an incredible number of programming languages available now, many designed for the first time coder and for very young students, so this isn’t nearly as challenging as it was even twenty years ago. I’d urge you to spend a little time playing with languages like Scratch and the one we’ll use today, Processing. Here, I’m going to advocate using Processing because it is open-source (free!), easy to learn, and powerful enough for just about anything you might want to do. It’s also the platform for the language used by the Arduino, so learning Processing also gives you access to playing with microcontrollers and extends your range in that dimension as well. Now, to do our image processing, all we need to do is load individual images using a simple Processing sketch and then use the built-in function “brightness” to read off the brightness of selected pixels in our image. I selected 7 frames from the video above, evenly spaced in time, selected 5 pixels in each frame, and determined an average brightness for the image by averaging the brightness of each of those 5 pixels. That is, I did this quick and dirty. If you do this with your students, this is a good point to have a conversation about which pixels to select, how to select them, how many to select, and so on. But, for our purposes here today, this let me quickly make a plot of how the brightness of the beach during our sunrise changed with time. Here’s what my plot looks like: Note that the frames I selected, again evenly spaced in time, span the entire period from “dark” to “light” in the video above. Now also note, we’ve taken the video and our qualitative view of “things getting brighter” and extracted quantitative information that we can start thinking about and playing with. As soon as we see this plot, we start to wonder – Why does it have this shape? Boom! There’s a modeling problem. We’ve taken an observation about a pattern (it gets brighter outside as the sun rises), and turned it into something quantitative that we can now try and explain. We can ask plenty of related questions here. Can we explain this data based on what we know about how the Earth rotates? What would this data look like if we followed it for the whole day? Several days? A year? What would the data look like if the Earth were flat and the sun revolved around the Earth? What would this curve look like if we were in Alaska? Or, in Arizona? If you wanted to move from the sort-of “hey I went on vacation and noticed this” kind of motivation for this investigation to something more practical, you don’t even have to work very hard. Understanding how brightness varies where you are is, of course, essential to understanding whether or not solar energy is a viable alternative energy source for you. Google has actually recently launched “Project Sunroof,” where they are developing a “solar recommendation calculator,” based in-part, on precisely this type of information. Having your students model how the brightness of the day changes can be both fun and eminently practical. So, you have a few more potential tools for your classroom as you work to incorporate mathematical modeling into your teaching – time-lapse photography, image processing, simple coding and perhaps inspiration to build a modeling investigation around sunrises or solar energy. If you want to explore any of these in more detail, drop me a line. I’m happy to talk more or help in any way I can. In the meantime, I hope you enjoyed contemplating the sunrise in a new way.

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Industrial hygiene air sampling and evaluation of controls for air contaminants is reviewed. At an operation where air contaminants are well controlled, there should be no significant difference in concentration between the worker's exposure, area samples collected near the emission sources, and background area samples collected away from emission sources. In an industrial environment, air contaminant concentrations are usually quite variable. To cope with this variability, the air sampling to evaluate the effectiveness of a control system should be carried out as a designed experiment. The first step is to formulate issues to be resolved, such as whether a hood contains the air contaminant in question, whether an uncontrolled emission source increases contaminant concentrations, whether the worker's involvement with a process that is a contaminant source elevates his exposure, and whether work practices affect exposure. Once the questions needing resolution have been specified, the experimental design and statistical analysis can be specified and the samples can be collected. To determine sample size, it is considered adequate to use power calculations for a t- test comparison of means, as if there were only two groups of data instead of a larger experimental design with more than two groups. For industrial hygiene data, it is recommended that measurements be repeated 4 times to ensure reasonable reliable detection of concentration of a factor of 4 for a type 1 error of 5 percent. This approach will ensure that the probability of type 2 errors for detecting the difference between two means is under 10 percent when the geometric standard deviation is under 2.0. A type 1 error is the probability of saying the difference in two concentrations is significant when there is no difference. A type 2 error is the probability of saying there is no difference when there is a real difference. Air contaminant data appears to be adequately described by a log normal distribution.

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Lesson 4: Avoiding the Tendency to Label In the not-too-distant past, children who did not perform well in school were typically labeled as dumb, lazy, incorrigible, or defiant. Even in today’s supposedly enlightened educational venues, students are often subjected to premature, erroneous evaluations; and they are either labeled or disciplined in ways that reinforce those evaluations. Those children who are fast learners are labeled as bright. Slow learners or those with learning disabilities are labeled as “stupid” or “dull”; and, if they have problems in relating, they are frequently branded as “uncooperative” or “defiant.” In so doing, we do great harm to children in the name of education. Sign up for the ARK for Teachers: Pre K and Kindergarten Course This Course includes 3 Sections, and 10 lessons

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After 109 years, descendants of bison that once roamed the Lower 48 will return home to Montana. In April 2016, 89 genetically pure bison will travel by train from Elk Island National Park in Canada to the Blackfeet reservation. Their ancestors made the same trip in reverse at the turn-of-the-20th century after several Native Americans on Blackfeet land sold a group of wild bison to Charles Allard and Michel Pablo who later sold their herd to the Canadian government. At the time, bison were nearly extinct in the Lower 48. The hope is the bison will roam from the Blackfeet reservation to Glacier National Park and Badger-Two Medicine wilderness. Their move south is the result of a treaty between the United States and Canada, according to the Associated Press, to restore bison to particular areas in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. “For thousands of years the Blackfeet lived among the buffalo here,” Blackfeet chairman Harry Barnes told the Associated Press. “The buffalo sustained our way of life, provided our food, clothing, shelter. It became part of our spiritual being. We want to return the buffalo.” Located 45 kilometers east of Edmonton, Canada, Elk Island and its herd have no history of brucellosis, a disease found in Yellowstone’s herd and a flashpoint for ranchers who fear bison will transmit the disease to their livestock. Established in 1906, Elk Island was Canada’s first wildlife sanctuary, established initially to provide a refuge for elk. One year after opening, the Canadian government bought 410 plains bison from Michel Pablo at $245 per bison. The animals arrived in 1907 by train in Lamont, Alberta, from Ravelli, Mont. From Lamont, they were herded to Elk Island. This herd is not the first to make its way back to the United States from Elk Island. In 2010, 93 plains bison were moved to the American Prairie Reserve, followed by an additional 90 animals in the years since. Located on the high plains of northeastern Montana, the American Prairie Reserve is a 305,000-acre grassland reserve that is home to bison, elk, prairie dogs and 150 species of birds.

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Sixteen months after becoming the largest-ever US municipality to enter bankruptcy, Detroit has a court-approved plan to move forward, and is poised to move ahead with several billion dollars less debt, plus new aid commitments from the state and federal governments. But nothing has been done to fix the underlying problem: that the “City of Detroit” is a legal fiction – an anachronism with no bearing whatsoever on the region’s physical and economic facts. Detroit’s history follows both the rise of the automobile industry and the use of the automobile itself. Detroit grew from a modest-sized town in 1900 to become the 5th largest city in the US in 1950. But then the course of the city and the auto industry diverged. While the industry continued to expand, new plants were built in Detroit’s suburbs. Workers took advantage of cheap cars and better roads to head to the suburbs too. The depopulation of midwestern cities is not unique to Detroit. Almost every midwestern city has lost between twenty and sixty percent of its population since 1950. The larger metropolitan areas have kept right on growing – it’s only the cities that have shrunk. While the city of Detroit today has about one-third the population it had in the early 50s, the larger Detroit region is now forty percent more populous. The difference is the automobile and the US highway system. Before the age of cheap transport, economic realities forced people to live in town, close to work and needed services: schools, shops, family, etc. Since the 50s, people have had the option to live away from town, relying on cars and a modern road network to get where they need to go. Newer American cities in the west have established their city limits in accordance with this new reality. The major cities of Texas are a good example. Austin and El Paso each have nearly the same area as New York City. Dallas, Fort Worth and San Antonio are all geographically larger than New York City, and Houston is twice New York’s size. But those six Texas cities combined have fewer people than New York City. Unlike older cities in the east and midwest, Texas cities were were built around the automobile, and their sprawling incorporated limits reflect that. The urban sprawl of cities like Detroit is, today, no less extensive – however most midwestern cities have literally left their incorporated limits unchanged since the days of the horse-drawn carriage. Detroit is about one-half the size of New York City, and has been for more than a century. The people leaving midwestern cities since the 50s have been disproportionately affluent, because they can more readily afford cars and new houses in the suburbs. The people left behind are disproportionately poor. And because of the disparity between black and white incomes, and discriminatory business and banking practices, the net result is relatively white, affluent suburbs and relatively black, poor cities. This demographic trend is common to many major metropolitan areas across the midwest, including Detroit, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, St. Louis, and Cleveland. In and of itself, this would not have been a problem if the larger metropolitan area were united within a single municipality. However suburbanites were able to escape the tax base of the city, while still using numerous city resources, from hospitals to roads to water supply and other elements of the city’s infrastructure. Detroit spent billions of dollars providing health, education and other services to people who would ultimately leave to become productive members of society elsewhere. The real cure for cities like Detroit is the annexation of its suburbs – to bring political realities (the lines on the map) into accord with the social and economic reality: that city and suburb is a single entity, united by a common infrastructure and commerce. Detroit today is little more than the least desirable neighborhood in a much larger economic zone, of which it comprises less than 20% of the total population, and an even smaller fraction of the total land area. Leaving the old municipal lines intact effects a ghetto, within which medical care and education are far inferior, predictably producing children who will lack the skills to be productive in a modern economy. The obstacles to incorporation of the suburbs are political, but they have been overcome in places such as Kansas City and Louisville. Detroit’s latest plan will get it out of bankruptcy, and improve things a little bit in the short term. But over the long haul it will only perpetuate an unjust and unproductive status quo. Share the Guide: https://liberalfieldguide.org/

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Design & Technology Design & Technology, in the modern curriculum, is at the forefront of developing the creative problem-solving skills required to participate successfully in today’s rapidly-changing technological society. The subject provides an arena in which the arts and sciences meet, creating an opportunity for pupils to apply their innovative talents and technological knowledge to solving real human problems. The values of traditional skills are developed in parallel with advancements in the subject, including modern and smart materials, virtual and rapid prototyping and computer-aided design and manufacture. Through reflection upon the social and environmental consequences of their own and others’ design decisions, pupils expand their awareness and responsibility towards the wider world. Design & Technology offers a diversity of teaching and learning opportunities, thus allowing all pupils to achieve. As a Foundation subject, all pupils study Design and Technology as part of the National Curriculum, this includes Years 7-9. In Design & Technology, pupils combine practical and technological skills with creative thinking to design and make products and systems that meet human needs. They learn to use current technologies and consider the impact of future technological developments. They learn to think creatively and intervene to improve the quality of life, solving problems as individuals and members of a team. Working in stimulating contexts that provide a range of opportunities and draw on the local ethos, community and wider world, pupils identify needs and opportunities. They respond with ideas, products and systems, challenging expectations where appropriate. They combine practical and intellectual skills with an understanding of aesthetic, technical, cultural, health, social, emotional, economic, industrial and environmental issues. As they do so, they evaluate present and past design and technology, and its uses and effects. Through Design and Technology, pupils develop confidence in using practical skills and become discriminating users of products. They apply their creative thinking and learn to innovate. Design & Technology – National Curriculum, QCA 2007.

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Zambia is a landlocked country in southern Africa with a population of about 15 million. It borders Angola and the Democratic Republic of The Congo. One of the main health problems that Zambia faces is maternal mortality. However, in recent years the maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Zambia has declined. In 1996, the MMR in Zambia was 649 per 100,000 live births. Although this number rose throughout the years, to a total of 729 per 100,000 births in 2002, by 2011, the MMR in Zambia had fallen to 591 per 100,000. Hemorrhaging, or extensive bleeding, is one of the main causes of maternal mortality. Many women who give birth at home do not have the blood transfusions available to help them recover from the loss of blood, and some hospitals also do not have enough blood available to provide those transfusions. According to the United Nations Population Fund (NFPA), hemorrhaging accounts for 34 percent of maternal deaths. The Population Reference Bureau reports that another main cause of maternal mortality in Zambia is obstructed labor, which is when the infant is not able to exit its mother due to its position or the size of its head. Obstructed labor can be solved by giving birth via C-section, but many people give birth at home and some hospital attendants are not able to perform the C-section needed for a safe delivery. 8 percent of the maternal deaths in Zambia are due to obstructed labor. Infections due to unsanitary conditions during delivery also account for some of the maternal deaths which occur in Zambia. 13 percent of mothers die because of poor hygienic conditions during their delivery. Other causes of maternal mortality include complications from unsafe abortions and underlying causes such as malaria, anemia, HIV or cardiovascular disease, diseases that are aggravated during delivery. Another problem is that many women are not able to go to a hospital and receive the help that they need. Only 47 percent of births in Zambia are attended by a skilled health worker. Urban women are more likely to have access to a hospital at the time of birthing. Women also choose to not go to a hospital because of traditional beliefs and customs, which promote home births and the use of traditional healing — such as the drinking of certain herbs that are supposed to help women deliver quickly. These herbs can cause vomiting and diarrhea and sometimes complicate the delivery. Groups such as UNICEF and Saving Mothers; Giving Life (SMGL) are working to help lower the number of maternal deaths in Zambia. Saving Mothers; Giving Life is a group that works with the Zambian government and has a six-step plan they use to helping decrease the MMR. Firstly, they equip facilitates so that they are prepared to help women with complications receive care within two hours. They also work to increase the availability of drugs and equipment, train and mentor health professionals, promote better transportation to health facilities, improve data collection and help mobilize communities to increase demand for hospital births. Since 2011, they have been working in four districts in Zambia and have decreased the MMR in those districts by 35 percent. UNICEF, according to their website, funds programs and interventions aimed at improving care for mothers and children. The government of the Republic of Zambia is also playing a large part in improving the MMR, as they have abolished user fees for maternal and child health services in order to grant larger access to such services. All of these efforts have paid off, as shown by the dramatic success of Saving Mothers; Giving Life. However, in order to help continue to reduce MMR, programs such as those implemented by SMGL should be established throughout the entire country. – Ashrita Rau Sources: UNICEF, Saving Mothers, PRB, The CIA World Factbook

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Hunger Project India - Investing in female leadership One in four people living with hunger live in India. Although India’s economy is growing fast, not everyone is reaping the rewards: every day around 194 million Indians have too little to eat, particularly in rural areas, even though hunger is one of the biggest solvable problems in the world. There is no lack of opportunities for reducing hunger. The Indian government itself has made good steps in this direction, and on paper it all looks very well organized. For the poorest, all kinds of schemes and subsidies are available if you know how to get them. From widows’ pensions to housing subsidies, from job programmes to school meals and food vouchers. The village councils play an important role here, as they decide who is eligible for this support. They record the villagers’ needs, identify who is entitled to a subsidy or a service, and then push to obtain these. Women are crucial in the battle to end hunger. They are often responsible for the food, not only for their own families but for the entire community. But they are not given a fair chance everywhere. Women have little or no access to education, money or influential positions, leaving so much potential unused – half of the population is in fact left out. According to Indian law a third of village council members should be women, and in some states even half. These women are elected for five years, and during this period are given intensive training and support by The Hunger Project India. The leadership programme ensures that they have the knowledge, skills and above all the confidence actually to use their influence. Without taking political sides, the programme gives women a voice. Go to website

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Submitted to: Meeting Abstract Publication Type: Proceedings Publication Acceptance Date: 9/18/2002 Publication Date: N/A Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: Phosphorus entering lakes and streams from agricultural activity is a major stimulant to algae growth. The livestock industry, through soil application of manure, is a significant contributor of this phosphorus. One way to reduce phosphorus content of manure is to feed phosphorus to meet the animal's requirement, thus eliminating excess excretion from excess feeding. Excess dietary phosphorus appears in the feces of ruminant animals largely in the form of soluble phosphorus, and is especially vulnerable to runoff. Currently, dairy producers typically feed .45% phosphorus (dry matter basis). Feeding .38% phosphorus would provide sufficient phosphorus for even the highest producing dairy cows. If dairy producers would reduce dietary levels from .45 to .38% this reduction would result in a 20% reduction of excreted phosphorus and approximately a 45% reduction in excreted soluble phosphorus. Beef cows should be supplemented with phosphorus only when fed low quality forages, such as corn stalks, winter pasture, or low quality hay or silage. According to the National Research Council, 0.11 to 0.24% dietary phosphorus is sufficient for lactating beef cows. Feedlot cattle will consume excess phosphorus in the typical feedlot diet, and therefore should not be supplemented with mineral phosphorus sources.

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Back to: Learning and Teaching – Unit 4 Diversity means a combination of different social backgrounds, races, cultures, ethnicity, gender, religion, and different languages. Diversity is seen in the classroom too. Diversity in the classroom may even be related to the varying intellectual abilities and social skills of the students. Having diversity in the classroom helps students understand each other’s culture, language, ethnicity, religion, etc. Through diversity, a new perspective will be brought into the classroom. The Importance of Celebrating Different Cultures and Diversity in the Classroom By celebrating different cultures and diversity in the classroom: 1. Students will have an understanding of their classmate’s culture. They will learn about each other’s cultural background and have compassion for it. 2. Students will not feel left out or as being treated unequally. They will feel a sense of belongingness in the classroom and school. 4. It helps in giving students a deeper understanding of diversity. This will help the students in broadening their knowledge about cultural differences. 5. Students will understand the holiday traditions of each culture and why it is celebrated. They will be encouraged to celebrate the different cultures represented in the classroom. 6. Students will feel more comfortable and safe inside as well as outside the classroom. 7. Students will feel more confident in themselves as well as while interacting with their peers. 8. Students will grow up to be open-minded, treat everyone equally, and have empathy for others irrespective of race, religion, culture, etc. Diversity in the classroom will help students learn from each other as well as help the students in their personal development. For a teacher to teach effectively and for students to work as a team, understanding each other in every aspect is essential. This will lead to healthy relationships among the classmates and a good atmosphere in the classroom.

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Several environmental groups are trying to force the federal government to impose pollution controls at Xcel's Sherburne County power plant. The U.S. Department of the Interior says the plant contributes to polluted air in Voyageurs National Park. That determination means the Environmental Protection agency should require pollution controls on the plant, said Kevin Reuther of the Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy. "They've had nearly three years to determine what the appropriate pollution control should be on Sherco. Meanwhile the air isn't getting any better," Reuther said. Sherco burns three trainloads of coal daily, producing enough electricity to power nearly two million homes. Reuther's group and five others warn the EPA that if it takes no action within six months, they will sue the agency. In a prepared statement, Xcel says Sherco meets the requirements of the Clean Air Act and does not impair visibility in Minnesota's national parks. The company is investing $50 million to cut haze-forming pollutants by about 50 percent. However, environmental groups say more expensive technology could achieve 90 percent-reduction of some pollutants.

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SOURCE: Defining Ideas (A Hoover Institution Journal) comments powered by Disqus Victor Davis Hanson: Obama's Rendezvous with History Victor Davis Hanson is the Martin and Illie Anderson Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution. He is a classicist and an expert on the history of war. What seems sometimes incomprehensible in the contemporary world makes perfect sense—if we pause and study a little history. In November 1918, had anyone in a starving Berlin predicted that, in twenty-two years, an ascendant Germany would control most of Europe, from the Atlantic to the Soviet border, he would have been considered unhinged. And if, in 1945, amid the ashes of the Ruhr, anyone had guessed that in sixty-five years, Germany would once more determine the future of Europe from the Atlantic to the Russian frontier, he would again have been written off as delusional. Yet today, cash-flush German Chancellor Angela Merkel holds the fate of the European Union in her palm—but in a far more secure fashion than an Adolf Hitler ever did. Two inexplicable aspects of Germany’s current financial hegemony confuse us. One, how exactly has a once ruined Germany found itself back atop of Europe? Two, why are Germany’s debtors so angry at the country who is bailing them out, while Germans are privately incensed that they are being had —even as the German government publicly assures the indebted southern Europeans that they may be eligible for even more lines of credit? What sort of Kabuki dance is all that? History again answers those questions. We are witnessing only the latest manifestation of a centuries-old “German problem:” That German preeminence cannot be quite explained by rich natural resources or an exceptionally large population or territory. In Roman times, German tribes were never conquered by advancing legions. The Romans wisely stopped their northward encroachment at the Rhine and Danube rivers. Over centuries, the unassimilated Volk to the east and north claimed they were exceptional—and wary neighbors worried that they might be. Since the 1871 political unification of German-speaking peoples, the German nation has been able to produce abundant goods and services at a clip not explicable by either population or resources. Only a hazier cultural notion of “German-ness” seems to explain the dynamism. Other Europeans were always fearful and apprehensive of Germany’s energy. That anxiety was natural when German economic power so often translated into military aggression in the service of continental ambitions, as it did in 1870, 1914, and 1939. Yet, because Germany suffered a series of self-induced disasters in the twentieth century—millions dead in World War I and II, Europe wrecked, the shame of engineering the Holocaust, the near-half-century division into two rival German states—Berlin remains wary about reacting to provocations that might alienate it from the world community. And that fact is equally well known to its apprehensive, but calculating neighbors. Add all that complex history up, and it becomes understandable why Germany both can afford to subsidize Europe’s future, while accepting levels of criticism from its dependents that few other nations would endure—at least for now... comments powered by Disqus - Heffron, of WWII's Band of Brothers, Dies at 90 - Fully 70 percent of films from silent era are lost, according to Library of Congress report - "Secret" Labyrinth of Tunnels under Rome Mapped - Florida Tribe Re-Creates Daring Escape From The Trail Of Tears - Evolution, Civil War history entwine in plant fossil with a tragic past

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Active Standard ASTM G140 | Developed by Subcommittee: G01.04 Book of Standards Volume: 03.02 Historical (view previous versions of standard) Significance and Use This test method is capable of generating quantitative values of atmospheric chloride deposition specifying milligrams of chloride ions per square metre per day (or other units derived from such values). Note 1—Chlorides in the atmosphere exist as a suspension of liquid droplets or solid particles. They are transported to solid surfaces by gravity, wind, or brownian motions. These transport mechanisms are direction-sensitive so that a vertical cylinder will not necessarily receive the same flux as a horizontal plate, or objects with different sizes and orientations. Therefore, the use of this approach to provide an indication of the deposition of chlorides on objects in atmospheric exposures may not be quantitatively accurate; however, this technique has been successful in classifying the severity of exposure in a variety of marine locations. The sites where samples are to be taken and the sampling time periods should be established. A continuous program of monthly or 30-day exposures is recommended for site characterization. Seasonal monitoring may be performed if there are specific periods of interest. 1.1 This test method covers a wet candle device and its use in measuring atmospheric chloride deposition (amount of chloride salts deposited from the atmosphere on a given area per unit time). 1.2 Data on atmospheric chloride deposition can be useful in classifying the corrosivity of a specific area, such as an atmospheric test site. Caution must be exercised, however, to take into consideration the season because airborne chlorides vary widely between seasons. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. D1193 Specification for Reagent Water D4458 Test Method for Chloride Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines G92 Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites ISO StandardISO9225 Corrosion of Metals and Alloys. Aggressivity of Atmospheres--Methods of Measurement of Pollution Data Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. ICS Number Code 71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis); 77.060 (Corrosion of metals)

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Children’s play highlights Great Lakes maritime history Jeff Duncan wrote short stories for years and they never went anywhere. Until one day, his friend at the Iowa Review told him the dialogue always was great in his stories. That’s when it hit him – he should write plays. Twenty years later, Duncan just finished his 23rdplay. This one is for the Wild Swan Theater in Ann Arbor, Mich., where the plays are for children, he said. Shipwrecked! is a play about a family caught in a storm while transporting Christmas trees in 1893, he said. “They’re a family that owns a boat and does Great Lakes shipping,” he said. “November is a good month to have a wreck and in 1893 there was a bad recession so that’s why they were doing it.” The project began when the Michigan Humanities Council awarded Wild Swan a grant to write a play about maritime disasters to be performed all over Michigan, Duncan said. The play has shown at various elementary schools and will be shown at museums in Michigan. “There was a woman who used to do a lot of short essays for NPR (National Public Radio),” Duncan said. “The only thing she could get all first graders to read about was maritime disasters. During the research, I found the amount (of people) who have gone down is amazing. Thirty thousand people have drowned (in the Great Lakes).” Hilary Cohen co-founded the Wild Swan Theater 32 years ago when she and her friends realized there was a need for a good, accessible theater for young people, she said. “Shipwrecked! is pretty typical of how we start a process,” she said. “We have an idea, but leave a lot open. We did a lot of research, we went to a lot of museums and we learned from great maritime historians and different eras of shipping in Michigan.” Wild Swan produces plays that do not talk down to children and keep them engaged, she said. It is also accessible to the disabled. Duncan said there are usually two people doing sign language during every play that are in costume and a part of the show. “We wanted to make sure everything was very professional and as accessible as possible,” Cohen said. “So we started looking into sign language and descriptive audio services to make the plays available.” Duncan said if the play is good, adults will like it as much as children. His goal for Shipwrecked! is the same as every other play he writes – to excite people about the arts. “Well always, with every play, I want kids to be fired up about plays and works of imagination,” he said. “And with this one, to be fired up about history and Michigan history; the teachers I talk to hardly do anything with the lakes when studying Michigan history. “It is absolutely fascinating, and exciting and dramatic. This is the Great Lakes state, right?” Shipwrecked! will be performed at the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary in Alpena, Mich., on April 20 (not open to the public) and April 21, and will move on to Detroit to play the Detroit Historical Society on Belle Isle on May 16, 17 and 18. The play also is seeking funds to travel to the Michigan Maritime Museum in South Haven, Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum in Whitefish Point and Peter White Library in Marquette.

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When you’re conserving water use in drought times but want to continue to irrigate landscapes with optimal efficiency—a smart irrigation system leaves traditional methods of irrigation behind in the dust. As technology evolves with each passing year, it’s only getting smarter. So why use smart irrigation instead of conventional methods of irrigation? Traditional irrigation systems are pre-set manually to turn on and off using a timer. It doesn’t matter if an unexpected downpour occurs on a scheduled day or the soil deep beneath the ground surface where the eye can’t see has become oversaturated. That timer is pre-set to water on each scheduled day; rain, or shine. Clearly, this isn’t the most efficient or cost-effective way to manage landscape irrigation in times of drought. Studies show that 70% of water consumption around the world is used for irrigation, and half of that is wasted due to inefficient, traditional irrigation practices. The optimal way to manage irrigation and nurture your landscape would be to know how much hydration plant roots deep need on any given day or if they’re getting too much scheduled watering. The good news is today’s cloud-based smart irrigation does the work for you. It takes control of watering your plants and landscape, adjusting day by day, hour by hour, as it continuously collects and ingests weather data in real-time at your specific site. Taking that Smart technology below ground, embedded deep in the root zone of plants, ultra-sensitive Soil Moisture Sensors electronically transmits soil moisture content readings to the Smart Controller and automatically delivers the perfect amount of water needed to plant roots— no more, no less– to keep plants above ground healthy and thriving. Smart Irrigation systems save water, time, and money. Studies show that up to 50% of water usage for landscape irrigation can be saved with cloud-based Smart Irrigation systems. As a result, Smart systems typically pay for themselves in water savings within two years. Smart Irrigation is not only cost-effective, but also the responsible thing to do. Not only in these times of drought, but as we strive to conserve our finite and dwindling water sources, and protect our environment and leave our world a better place for future generations to come.

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According to some, the winter blues are their most potent this month. But fear not, woods are proven to lift our spirits, reduce stress, soothe and inspire us. So put your boots on, wrap up warm and keep watch for a few of the following… Trees/shrubs… Hazel catkins begin to stretch and open out, bringing a glimpse of new life. These are the male flowers, next month the females flowers will open and the catkins will shed their pollen to fertilise them. Juniper’s winter foliage is tinged bronze and offers much needed shelter to birds and small mammals. The berries also provide sustenance through this lean period. Plants… The pendulous flowers of snowdrops start to open, gradually carpeting the woodland floor in delicate white blooms. The delightfully named stinking hellebore is another to keep your eyes, or nose, peeled for. This smelly herb, which likes open woodland, has greeny-yellow bell-shaped flowers with purple edges. Fungi/lichens… Smoky bracket is a fungus visible all year. It grows in leathery, overlapping tiers on deadwood of deciduous trees. Candle snuff fungus, also known as stags horn fungus, is another one too look out for in winter. Lichens are a symbiosis of a fungus and an alga, found on trees and rocks they offer some welcome year-round colour. They are also an indicator of air pollution, the more delicate and rarer species only grow in areas with cleaner air. Birds… Rooks will be industriously repairing their nests in preparation for their new broods. Robins mostly breed in March, but they can start as early as January if conditions are right. Other birds looking for mates include wrens and hedge sparrows. Blackbirds, greenfinches and song thrushes can be heard singing on sunny days. The sound of woodpeckers drumming on trees will carry further without canopy leaves to buffer the sound. Mammals… Sleek red foxes mate between late December and February. During this time they are far less secretive; the males release short barks, while the females emit hormone fuelled screams. Amphibians… The first newts and frogs emerge from hibernation and head to their breeding ponds. Some frog spawn may also be found this early in the year. Insects… January is not a popular time for insects. But clouds of gnats can sometimes be seen on warmer, sunny days. Dragonfly and mayfly nymphs can be found in ponds, as water retains its heat more readily than air.

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Retention rates are identified as an indicator of performance in the TEQSA threshold standards, and in the DIISRTE Higher Education Performance framework which sets targets for completion, The retention indicator looks at the rate at which students from a program or equity group are retained from the previous year. It is calculated as a percentage: R = r(current yr)/(N(prev yr) – C(prev yr)) where r(current yr) is the number of students from the previous year’s group who enrolled again in the current year. N(prev yr) is the number of students from the group who were enrolled in the previous year, and C(prev yr) is the number of students from the group who completed their course in the previous year. Calculations are based on March 31 readings for each year. Calculations for retention often highlight transfers from one program to another. Although these are not strictly lost enrolments, they can still highlight issues with a program, and although attrition rates for programs do vary, a rate of 20% or higher would characterise the outcomes of the ten universities in Australia with the worst retention outcomes.

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What is Food Engineering Food Engineering is a specialized sub field within Agricultural Engineering and is focused on the application of Engineering to the production and distribution of food. In today’s world, food production is a significant issue and Food Engineers play an important role in addressing that. Food that is grown or processed must follow strict safety health and standards to ensure they are safe and that people do not get sick (or worse) from consuming produced food. Food Engineers control the health and safety of food production by designing and operating food processing plants. They also involve themselves in waste management and the genetic modification of foods. Food Engineers generally work for food manufacturing companies, but they can also work in the pharmaceutical and health care industries.

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The fearsome Torvosaurus gurneyi was likely a top predator of its day and was only slightly smaller than the mighty T. rex Credit: Sergey Krasovskiy A massive, meat-eating dinosaur that roamed a Jurassic-era coastline has been unearthed in Portugal. The big-clawed, sharp-toothed newly discovered species, dubbed Torvosaurus gurneyi, may be the largest land predator from the period ever found in Europe. "It's a dinosaur that is quite similar to T. rex," with huge teeth and an elongated snout, said study co-author Christophe Hendrickx, a paleontology doctoral candidate at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa in Portugal. [See Images of the New Dinosaur Predator] Lourinhã, Portugal, is a fossil-rich region where sheer cliffs overlook the shoreline. During the late Jurassic Period, the area boasted a vast, steamy river plain rich with lush vegetation and a diverse array of dinosaurs. Last year, scientists described several well-preserved dinosaur embryos in Lourinhã from the genus Torvosaurus but could not identify the species discovered at the site. [See Photos of the Dinosaur Embryos and Hatchlings] The new dinosaur was first unearthed in 2003, when an amateur paleontologist uncovered part of a jawbone. A shinbone, teeth and fragments of tail vertebrae were also discovered later. Scientists initially thought the bones came from Torvosaurus tanneri, a massive land-based predator that lived in North America some 150 million years ago. But Hendrickx and his colleague Octávio Mateus, a paleontologist also at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, took a closer look at the skeletal remains and determined that they came from the newly named species. The European behemoth was a theropod, a suborder of meat-eating dinosaurs that includes the mighty Tyrannosaurus rex. Though T. gurneyi grew to 33 feet (10 meters) long and weighed 4 to 5 tons, it was still smaller than T. rex, which was 40 feet (12 m) from head to toe. Its huge, bladelike, 4-inch-long (10 centimeters) teeth confirm the massive dinosaur was a carnivore, Hendrickx told Live Science. "Most likely, it was a predator," Hendrickx said, and it probably hunted large, live prey, as there was a wide variety of herbivorous dinosaurs during that time. However, it may have also been a scavenger, he added. The new discovery changes the picture of European dinosaurs at the time. Back then, Europe was an archipelago of large islands, and animals often evolve to be smaller on islands. In fact, many of the dinosaurs in the late Jurassic Period in Europe show signs of dwarfism, Hendrickx said. (The Jurassic lasted from 199.6 million to 145.5 million years ago.) But when it came to size, Torvosaurus gurneyi could hold its own against the giant super predators of North America, showing that "large dinosaurs did exist in Europe by the end of the Jurassic," Hendrickx said. The fossil discoveries also suggest that the dinosaur embryos discovered last year belonged to T. gurneyi, Hendrickx said. The findings were published today (March 5) in the journal PLOS ONE.

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Click here for shortcuts to regional language blogs and city-specific events. Among the many challenges that parents face, getting your child to sleep ranks pretty high on the list with almost all parents literally losing sleep over the issue! Though there is no one-size-fits-all formula to lull our children into a healthy sleep habit, here are some basics that we need to be aware of along with keen observation of what works with our children. Each of my children had different challenges with regards to sleep in their toddler years, but with our patient support, could learn to sleep on their own. WHY TODDLERS FIGHT SLEEP? The most common reasons for your toddler to drag out bedtime include: Rocking the baby, nursing or bottle feeding the baby to sleep, or keeping the child in the lap are the most common ways parents put the child to bed. Though having high temporary success rates and making it easy for the parents to quickly put the child to sleep, it creates a dependency in the child for external help to sleep. The child starts associating these techniques with sleep and it becomes more difficult to soothe himself in the absence of these external dependents. Giving a milk bottle or nursing a child in a lying down position could even cause ear infection. Putting the child to bed when they are just sleepy but not asleep yet will help the child to slowly learn ways to self-soothe. The amount of sleep a child needs varies based on the age of the child, physical needs, diet and certain other factors. Children love routine. It is important to have more or less same sleeping schedule each day. The body’s built in clock helps to support the routine. For instance, the routine could be each night your child gets a bath, listens to you read them a story, has a snack, and then its lights out. The child gets a cue that it’s time to fall asleep. It is best to start a routine early, by 4 months. Having activities that are too exciting or which have bright lights like TV, mobile can make the brain too alert for sleep. Ideally avoid over stimulating activities and bright screens an hour before bedtime. To prepare the child for bed, do something to relax. Take a warm bath or listen to calm music.. Once the child is in bed, an eye contact with adult or talking or singing too much can excite the child. Speak softly, lie down with the child, comfort her (maybe by letting the child come over you or touch you) but don’t make it rewarding by picking her up. Keeping the room too dark can make the child uncomfortable as the child is suddenly not able to see things or move around. Many toddlers will try anything to stay up just that little bit later. There’s so much to learn and explore that they simply don’t want to miss anything! Children can get very creative when they want to stay up longer. Asking for one more drink of water, taking one more trip to the toilet, or simply getting out of bed repeatedly, are all ways for her to spend more time with you. If she needs to go to the toilet, let her. But explain that bedtime is bedtime, and put her straight back to bed. After her bedtime routine, sit quietly, talk in hushed voices and make things seem boring. How do I know when my child is sleepy? If your child is sleepy, you might see some of the following tired signs: How to handle mid night waking up? Night waking is common among toddlers. Up to half of under five-year-olds have times when they don’t sleep through. It could simply be that your toddler’s going through a developmental leap, in which case her sleeping patterns should soon get back to normal. It is normal for adults and children to wake up a number of times during the night. Adults tend to be unaware of waking up and quickly go right back to sleep. Young children respond in a much different way. They may feel very insecure when they wake up. As a result, they cry, scream, and do what they can to get someone’s attention. The natural response from parents is to comfort the child. They may feel that they need to “help” their child return to sleep. They do this by feeding, rocking, holding, or lying down with the child. As they do so, the child learns that this “help” pattern will always occur to assist him in going back to sleep. Many young children are then unable to fall asleep without the help of a parent. Be consistent with your sleep routine during the night too. Talk in a calm and quiet manner, and reinforce the idea that it’s a time for sleep. Do naps in the day interfere with sleep at night? If they don’t nap enough during the day, young kids may have trouble falling asleep at night. Most babies need two or three naps a day. Toddlers need at least one nap. Most kids still take an after-lunch nap until age 5. If your child is cranky and sleepy, let her nap, as long as it’s not too close to bedtime. What are the ways toddlers soothe themselves to sleep? They may suck their fingers, or thumb or fists. It is an instinctual behavior. Some toddlers also become quite fixated on stroking their parent’s ears, faces, or hands. Toddlers may stroke their bellies, their ears and their feet. Some toddlers yank on or twist their own hair (or their parents’ hair!) as a way to soothe and calm themselves before sleep. Some may rock their bodies back and forth during the naptime. Some may grimace, shrug their shoulders, twitch or make repetitive noises as they wind down for sleep. One of a parent’s most treasured moments is to look in on a child who is sleeping peacefully!! It is important to understand that many sleep problems in children are both common and natural. They are not a result of poor parenting. We must understand that bedtime is a big transition for many young kids. As parents we need to support them in a consistent manner.

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Cognitive Daily, one of my favorite websites, has a great piece on a study that examined whether or not people find references to brain areas ‘lighting up’ in neuroimaging (one of my least favorite expressions) and other neuro-speak more persuasive than plain old psychology articles. The piece is titled, ‘When we see a brain “light up,” [most of] our brains shut off.’ Author Dave Munger reports that he originally found out about the research through an online article in Seed Magazine (available here) (I hope I’m not inadvertently misrepresenting anything Munger has written…). The newly published study, ‘The Seductive Allure of Neuroscience Explanations,’ has appeared in the Journal of Cognitive Science (abstract here). The study set out to find whether or not a bit of neuroscience-speak can persuade people, even when explanations are bad: ‘Explanations of psychological phenomena seem to generate more public interest when they contain neuroscientific information. Even irrelevant neuroscience information in an explanation of a psychological phenomenon may interfere with people’s abilities to critically consider the underlying logic of this explanation’ (from the abstract). The crucial part of this is that, according to experts, the neuroscience in the experimental passages was irrelevant to whether or not the argument being advanced was valid or not. Munger describes the original study as finding, not that neuroscience is always more persuasive than psychological explanation, but that neuroscience makes bad explanations more persuasive. He explains: While there was no significant difference in the results for good explanations, people rated the bad explanations significantly better when they included irrelevant neuroscience. The team repeated the experiment on college undergraduates who were enrolled in an introductory neuroscience class, and the results were similar, both at the beginning and the end of the semester. The students actually rated all the explanations significantly better when neuroscience was included, whether or not the explanations themselves were good. On experts (people having degrees or some brain science education), neuroscience added to bad explanations did not help at all, and they actually did worse that bad explanations with no neuroscience. Munger: While there was a slight trend to rate the bad explanations with neuroscience better, it did not rise to the level of significance. Good explanations with neuroscience were actually rated worse by the experts than explanations without neuroscience content. So contrary to Bloom’s article, the final result of the study did not find the same effect for experts and non-experts. Perhaps preliminary data had been significant, but when more participants were tested, the effect went away. So why is this important to neuroanthropology? For a couple of reasons. I could cynically argue that a dash of neuro-speak will go a bit of distance toward making anthropological arguments more persuasive in the public sector; of course, we’d have to run a study to show whether or not a sprinkling of post-structuralist jargon also made arguments more persuasive. That is, I’m not sure if neuro-speak is special, or if non-experts find signals of expertise — like impenetrable (and in this case, irrelevant) jargon — persuasive. I think that post-structuralist verbiage might not help us, but perhaps certain discourses du jour — like genetics or nanotechnology or something else — might provide a bit of a bump to our rhetoric in the eyes of non-experts. Rather, I take as the conclusion the latter argument; that among experts, neuroscience data that is irrelevant makes bad explanations less persuasive. That is, among those who know, the bar is set higher for explanation when there is the appearance of data than when there is no suggestion of a foundation in the brain sciences. In other words, we’ve got to get it right. We’ve got to do more than just lace our explanations with a bit of technical vocabulary if we are going to be persuasive to those who know better. In addition, if we are successful in educating the anthropology community, we can make anthropologists part of that expert crowd, less susceptible to neuro-snow-jobs and jargon smoke screens. The goal is not to create a neuro-hostile crowd, a field with a knee jerk response to call any discussion of the brain or imaging technology a form of ‘neuro-reductionism.’ Instead, a more widespread familiarity with the brain sciences does not lead people to become dazzled by the technologies and technical vocabularies, but rather makes them a much more educated, discerning audience. … and if someone out there gets the money to run the research project where you test good and bad explanations with post-structuralist lingo to see if it’s more persuasive to naive and expert audiences, you’ve got to send me the results a.s.a.p. Note: I’m not tagging this with the ‘blogging about refereed research’ because, to be honest, I haven’t done my homework and read and thoroughly digested the original research article. Cognitive Daily author Dave Munger is too good with that system to be messing with it when it’s not warranted. Daniel and I are working behind the scenes right now to pull together a Neuroanthropology panel proposal for the American Anthropological Association, and we’ve got a deadline to deal with on that. More news when there is some… Weisberg, D.S., F.C. Keil, J. Goodstein, E. Rawson, and J. R. Gray. 2008. The Seductive Allure of Neuroscience Explanations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20(3): 470-477.

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Wordsworth called poetry “the spontaneous overflow of feelings.” I agree, however I would add the word ‘intense’ before feelings. The spontaneous overflow of intense feelings. You see the reason we write poetry is to attempt to feel again, or to purify the feeling of that same emotion we felt. Or maybe to relive or hold on to an emotional moment. Poets such as e.e Cummings, a personal favourite of mine, and William Shakespeare, Edgar Allen Poe and the list goes on, are known as some of the best wordsmiths of all time. LOVE IS MORE THICKER THAN FORGET love is more thicker than forget more thinner than recall more seldom than a wave is wet more frequent than to fail it is most mad and moonly and less it shall unbe than all the sea which only is deeper than the sea love is less always than to win less never than alive less bigger than the least begin less littler than forgive it is most sane and sunly and more it cannot die than all the sky which only is higher than the sky However, it doesnt matter who you are, if you want to write for self- expression then don’t hesitate. Grab a pen and paper. There is something deeply personal connected to weaving words, creating metaphors, and rhyming patterns to achieve something inarticulable. The poem I have in image here is a healtfelt exposé of a young man who found himself away from his true love. He was sent to jail, and during his experience there, was able to delve within himself and understand his feelings. He said, “My experience there taught me alot… in there we weren’t all mean and ruthless.” It was 26th August 2009, a gorgeous day in the prison yard and as he wondered into the chapel, his thoughts could no longer remain captive. Spilling his feelings, for his lady, on a piece of paper (see image), he expressed in words of endearment how much she meant to him. “Through all the bad patches in my life, she was definately my rock.” Whether you are the writer or the recipient of poetry, it’s clear that when the words connect to you personally, there is power. Expressive words can be such a personable experience. Satisfaction blossoms when appreciation is shared by another. Poetry achieves more than normal prose by enhancing feelings through abstractions. Sometimes feeling happy, sad, or angry is more than what your appearance may portray. Poetry expresses feelings which when written on paper speak louder than actions. Especially when it comes to feelings like LOVE or feelings you may not fully comprehend yet. By allowing your words to flow you gain much power for good and for darker emotions. They may inspire moments when only reading or writing will satisfy your mind. This is when creative expression begins and words form and mould into a structure of prose no longer able to stay confined to grey matter and you find yourself searching for writing implements before you forget the perfect expression in your mind. When words resonate and connect with me, I feel less alone and more alive. I think that’s why we have our favourite authors, poets and quotes. And why we express ourselves in powerful words. Thank you my cuzzy for allowing me to blog about you, your past, and family. xxx

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We hear the words ADD and ADHD a lot. You or your child may have been diagnosed with one. Still others are sometimes told “you’re ADD/ADHD” either in jest or as a subtle suggestion. Let’s look at what these labels mean, how you may be able to recognize the characteristics, and some mainstream treatments used by doctors, therapists, and schools. ADD is Attention Deficit Disorder while ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. These are easier to understand when we consider the various subtypes that make them up. The first is inattentive, traditionally called ADD. Then, the hyperactive impulse is referred to as ADHD. Some individuals have both types. Everyone is different with their own personality, intelligences, and disabilities. Symptoms of ADD and ADHD vary widely. They can range from a child who is full of energy that he is bouncing off the walls to a girl who is quiet yet unfocused and finally to an adult who is terribly disorganized. Think for a moment and you can probably visualize people you know who have one of more of these traits. You may have even experienced these symptoms yourself. These conditions have been known for more than 100 years. Today the Centers for Disease Control say a little over 1 in 10 children and teens in the US have been diagnosed with ADD or ADHD. While we all have moments when our minds won’t focus or we aren’t paying attention, people with ADD or ADHD have greater difficulty more often. A student with either may not pay attention in class and make a lot of careless mistakes. Even when the teacher speaks to him, he may appear to not be listening or retain much information. Others have difficulty organizing tasks and may not want to do anything that takes a lot of thinking. They are easily distracted and often forgetful. Doctors, therapists, and schools use a range of medications and different teaching styles to reach young people. Adults can often use therapeutic strategies to lessen the effects. Please contact our office to inquire about getting help with ADD/ADHD.

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CC-MAIN-2023-14

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Antarctica: Ice Under Fire The disintegrating face of the Müller Ice Shelf, Lallemand Fjord, Antarctic Peninsula, 67° South, April 2, 1999. This small shelf, fed by glaciers from the Loubet Coast, has been receding recently after growing over a 400-year cooling period. Like other receding ice shelves such as the larger Larsen, it may be a sensitive monitor of rising regional temperatures. The Larsen Ice Shelf lost a 1200 square mile section early in 2002. Earlier in the 1990's other huge sections of this shelf disintegrated. In 2003 Argentine glaciologists reported that the land-based glaciers exposed by the removal of those sections had surged rapidly into the ocean. Thus, although ice shelves are floating and do not add to sea level when they melt or break up, land based glaciers released by such events definitely will add to sea level. Another view of the Müller Ice Shelf calving rapidly (right). Across the Peninsula, seven monitored ice shelves have declined by a total of about 13,500 km2 since 1974, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center. This is nearly the area of Conneticut. On the Larsen shelf (satellite view left), about 3,250 km2 of shelf in area B disintegrated in a 35-day period beginning on 31 January 2002. Eugene Domack, Hamilton College geologist, and others believe this portion of the shelf may have been stable for about 12,000 years before this year's collapse. Technicians for the National Science Foundation on the rear deck of the research vessel, Nathaniel B. Palmer, prepare a kasten core device to lower into sediment near the Müller Ice Shelf. This is during a study by Dr. Eugene Domack, funded by the National Science Foundation, on the history of climate in peninsular Antarctica. All ice shelves in the area have been receding, but because they were already floating they do not raise sea level. The concern is that landed glaciers behind the shelves may be next to begin rapid retreat, which would raise ocean levels. This mile-long ice cliff of Marr Ice Piedmont, Anvers Island, has receded about 500 meters since the mid 1960s. The cliff's previous position was to the left of the line of ice floating in the harbor and extended to the headland at the extreme upper left. The regional temperature has increased 5° C in winter over the past 50 years. This reduces seasonal icepack, disrupts growth of krill and changes conditions on penguin rookeries. For more on glacier recession and around the world, please see Ice Under Fire, the Mountain Glacier section.

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A lottery is a gambling game in which people purchase a ticket for a chance to win a prize, such as money or goods. Some lotteries are run by state governments, while others are privately organized. In the United States, the legal definition of a lottery includes all games that require payment for a chance to win a prize, regardless of whether the prizes are cash or goods. Lotteries are a popular way to raise money, and some of the proceeds are often used to support good causes. The earliest records of lotteries date to ancient times. They were common during the Roman Empire, especially as entertainment at dinner parties. The host would distribute pieces of wood with symbols on them to each guest, and the winner would togel hongkong receive a prize. The prizes were typically fancy items such as dinnerware. In the modern sense of a lottery, the winning prize is based on a random drawing, and it is usually a sum of money. Some lotteries also award other goods such as subsidized housing units or kindergarten placements. While many people believe that playing the lottery is a way to make money, there are a number of problems with this strategy. Lottery winners may be tempted to spend the prize money on expensive luxury items or to buy more tickets, which can cause them to lose the money in the long run. In addition, winning the lottery can lead to addiction and a decrease in quality of life for those who participate. The odds of winning the lottery are slim, and the chances of becoming struck by lightning or being hit by a meteor are much greater. However, there are a number of ways to improve your chances of winning, including buying more tickets and selecting numbers that are not related to any significant dates or events. Harvard statistics professor Mark Glickman recommends choosing numbers that are not close together and avoiding sequences like birthdays or ages, as they will likely be picked by other players. In addition to purchasing more tickets, you can also boost your odds of winning by playing a less popular game. For example, a state pick-3 game has better odds than the Powerball and Mega Millions games. Scratch cards are another easy way to increase your chances of winning. They are available at most lottery commissions and have low ticket prices. While the purchase of lottery tickets cannot be explained by decision models based on expected value maximization, it can be accounted for by utility functions that are shaped by the prospect of winning and a desire to become rich. These preferences can be influenced by social norms and beliefs about how wealth is distributed, as well as by the desire to experience a thrill. Moreover, the price of lottery tickets is lower than the expected value of the prize, so the purchasers’ expected utility function is below the optimum level. However, the purchase of lottery tickets can be a rational decision for those who have a low cost of risk and are seeking a chance to become wealthy.

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Millions of loads slide off their pallets during shipment each year, resulting in billions of dollars of damage and waste. These loads start their shipment journeys by being stretch wrapped, a process that’s supposed to prevent this problem. Why do loads slide off their pallets? Because they’re not adequately bonded to them. Most stretch wrappers, particularly turntable stretch wrappers, are adjusted to produce wrap patterns that apply stretch film stretch film all the way to the bottom of the pallet. All too often, this doesn’t create a load-to-pallet bond strong enough to overcome the risks imposed by this set of problems: 1. Vibration and Sudden Starts and Stops They’re inherent in truck and rail shipments. Unless attention is paid to the load-to-pallet bond, vibration can cause unitized loads to “walk off” their pallets, given the opportunity. Sudden stops or starts can also cause unitized loads to slide off their pallets. Both situations create risk of damaged or unsalable products if there’s room for the product loads to move or shift in trailers or rail cars. 2. Stretch Film Punctures Each time forklifts or pallet jacks pick up loads stretch wrapped to the bottom of their pallets, opportunities are created for something bad to happen because their forks punctured the stretch film. There’s a risk that the film punctures could spread from the vibration and multiple handlings during shipment and lead to load failure – resulting in damage or unsalable products. How do you create a pallet bond without risking film punctures? A film cable placed just below the top deck board of a pallet creates a secure load-to-pallet bond. Rolling the bottom 5 inches of the film the film web into a tight cable during the last part of the stretch wrapper’s wrap cycle and driving it down onto the pallet — about an inch below its deck board — is the most effective way to bond or lock the load to the pallet. It’s not the only way to bond a load to a pallet, but it’s the way we recommend. This method works better than “regular” roping (when the film is bunched into an accordion-like rope) because it’s hard to position the regular rope just where you want it on the pallet — high enough to keep from being punctured by pallet jack or forklift forks and low enough to bond or lock the load to the pallet. Regular roping also tends to unbunch during the stress of shipment, which reduces its effectiveness. In fact, our research shows that a film cable bonding significantly outperforms regular roping. A good rule of thumb is that every load that ships on a pallet should be bonded to it There’s more than enough risk to go around in today’s world. Why take chances with your loads when there’s an easy, inexpensive, and effective way to improve their chances of arriving safely at their destinations? Learn more about load-to-pallet bonding or locking the load to the pallet by watching this video. You may be interested in these related posts: - Film Cable vs. Film Rope – Load Securing with a Stretch Wrapper - 3 Obvious Things About Stacking Pallet Loads People Often Overlook - Use The Force: Containment Force Is The Key to Safe Pallet Loads This post was published on November 8, 2016 and updated on January 28, 2019. November 8, 2016

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The future looks bright: ONR, Marines eye solar energy The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is looking to the sun for energy in an effort to help Marines do away with diesel-guzzling generators now used in combat outposts, officials announced. The Renewable Sustainable Expeditionary Power (RSEP) program seeks to create a transportable renewable hybrid system that can provide Marines with electricity for a 15-day mission without relying on fuel resupply convoys that often become targets for adversaries. “This program takes on a number of power-related challenges and ultimately will allow the Marine Corps to take a big step toward its goal of using fuel only for mobility purposes by 2025,” says H. Scott Coombe, product manager for RSEP, a collaboration between ONR’s Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism and Sea Warfare and Weapons departments. “This is a very interesting multidisciplinary problem we’re trying to solve,” Coombe says. “There are multiple heat transfer issues as well as optical, electrical, and control/optimization challenges.” ONR has enlisted the help of three industry teams—led by Raytheon, Battelle, and Emcore—that have developed concepts for hybrid systems that use sunlight, heat and fuel to create electricity. One option is to combine a Stirling engine with a solar concentrator resembling a satellite dish that can harness the power of 1,000 suns. Another is to use powerful solar cells to collect sunlight in conjunction with an efficient solid oxide fuel cell. These systems must be smart enough to independently switch back and forth from solar when the sun is out to fuel at night or when there is heavy cloud cover. They also have to be compact enough to fit on a small trailer towed by a Humvee so they can be hauled to forward positions. So far, solar concentrators have been too large to carry around the battlefield. “These systems will be used in forward-deployed locations where we don’t want to have to go to resupply.” Coombe says. Researchers expect a successful product will reduce fuel needs by 40% for expeditionary power systems, with a continual output of 3 kW. It also will be much quieter than current systems and have the potential to use biofuels. "The RSEP program is a key initiative in the Marine Corps’ expeditionary power systems portfolio for advanced power sources that embrace renewable energy systems as a means to reduce fossil fuel requirements,” says Mike Gallagher, program manager for expeditionary power systems at Marine Corps Systems Command, which will work with ONR to transition the technology to the field. “This directly supports the commandant of the Marine Corps’ Expeditionary Energy Strategy and vision for highly lethal, agile and efficient combat forces." RSEP is a five-year Future Naval Capabilities program. ONR will evaluate the industry teams each year and could keep working with one or more of the industry products or continue to explore other options for renewable power sources. “We’re going to learn a lot from all the different approaches and make sure we capitalize on all the successes and lessons learned going forward,” Coombe says. Source: The Office of Naval Research

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Often when the term molecular gastronomy is bandied around, those who’ve heard the term think – TOO HARD and too confusing. Which is understandable, because old school molecular gastronomy is a bit like that. But if you’re interested in trying something new, and would like it to be an easy and fail safe introduction to molecular gastronomy then give this a shot. - Large cup, high-sided small bowl or jug - Chopstick or something similar (for mixing) - Measure out around 1/2 dessert spoon of Nutella (or equivalent) and place in container (jug). - Add 2 large spoons of tapioca powder to the Nutella and mix to blend using the chopstick. - Add more tapioca powder and mix. Repeat until Nutella has been incorporated into the powder and it is a pale brown, dust like consistency. - If required push through sieve to remove any lumps. - Store in airtight container away from moisture. Serving suggestion or use - Dust can be eaten straight. - Serve dust with dessert by sprinkling around plate, serve immediately and avoid contact with moisture. - Use it as dipping dust by serving it in a bowl. Dip fresh strawberries and chopped banana into the dust. This technique is used by Heston Blumenthal in his famous “Sound of the Sea” dish. He uses this to assist with making the “sand” in his creation. Tapioca maltodextrin is often used to convert liquids with high fat content into powder. This only works when using a specific type called N-Zorbit M. Derived from tapioca, it’s designed to have a very low bulk density. This means a big container will be very, very light (like dust). Tapioca maltodextrin is used in the food industry to increase the volume of dry mixes and frozen foods. It’s white and almost flavourless. When used in molecular gastronomy, tapioca maltodextrin is used to stabilise high-fat ingredients. This can then transform these ingredients into powders. It is an easy technique and can be used to convert regular ingredients from liquid or solid into powder. This adds a new dimension to dishes. The powder converts back to its original flavour and the sensation similar to an ingredient melting in your mouth. This occurs as soon as it makes contact with your tongue (or any other moisture, which is why you need to keep it dry). The process of converting a high-fat liquid into powder is very simple. The high fat ingredient should be liquefied first if it is solid, chilled and then mixed with the tapioca maltodextrin. Start with a ratio of 2 parts fat to 1 part tapioca maltodextrin. Add more tapioca maltodextrin as required. To make the powder fluffier, pass it through a fine sieve. Other ingredients that can be mixed with this powder include: peanut paste, bacon fat (melted/fried off the bacon), chorizo oil (fried off the chorizo), truffle oil, olive oil, white chocolate (melt and mix with some cream and refrigerate). If you discover any other amazing combinations, please share!

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CC-MAIN-2017-26

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The basic fundamentals of climate change and weather really aren’t all that difficult to grasp. CO2 traps heat, more heat means the atmosphere holds more moisture, and more heat and moisture mean stronger, more intense storms. So the fact that we’re seeing stronger and more intense storms ought not come as a tremendous surprise. Scientists have been warning us about this for years. So why is this impact of climate change treated as such a great controversy? Part of the problem – I think – is that the question is too often framed as whether climate change “caused” a particular weather event. A classic example of this comes from, of all places, the MIT Technology Review: When you pose the question this way, the answer is always going to be “no one knows.” That creates a false perception that there is more uncertainty among scientists about climate’s role in weather than there actually may be. Scientists are constantly quoted in the media saying “there is no definitive connection between climate change and [insert whatever’s going wall-to-wall on CNN right now].” Climate change loads the dice, but it doesn’t roll them. The climate in Minnesota means it’s more likely to snow here than in, say, Seattle, which is actually farther north. Does that mean Minnesota’s climate “causes” snowstorms? The question seems ridiculous when you put it that way. When talking about tornadoes, it’s even more problematic because scientists don’t fully understand how tornadoes form as in the first place. Seemingly identical conditions can produce a tornado in one instance but not another. So to ask whether a particular tornado was “caused” because the temperature in the atmosphere is slightly higher than it was a few decades ago is even sillier. That doesn’t mean we should avoid the topic altogether. Consider Joseph Romm’s position: 1. When discussing extreme weather and climate, tornadoes should not be conflated with the other extreme weather events for which the connection is considerably more straightforward and better documented, including deluges, droughts, and heat waves. 2. Just because the tornado-warming link is more tenuous doesn’t mean that the subject of global warming should be avoided entirely when talking about tornadoes. So, if you’re a journalist, asking a scientist whether climate change “caused” something is simply a bad question. A better question might be, “how likely would this weather event have been if not for global warming?” Or, “as the atmosphere warms, will this sort of thing become more frequent?” Those types of questions at least reflect an elementary understanding of climate and weather (which is really all I have, as I am not a scientist), and are likely to generate a more lucid response. Photo by autowitch via Creative Commons

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CC-MAIN-2017-30

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The yield curve: An indicator of the monetary policy implications Intelligent investors have an opportunity to earn profits and avoid losses, if they understand how the yield curve may move when the Fed acts. The yield curve is a line that plots the yields or interest rates (at a given point in time) of bonds having equal credit quality, but differing maturity dates. As can be seen in the chart above, the curve shows several yields or interest rates across different contract lengths (one month, three months, one year, five years, 30 year, etc.) for a similar debt contract. It is used as a benchmark for other debt in the market, and is also used to predict changes in economic growth. Various exchange-traded funds (or ETFs) track the performance of the U.S. Treasury securities with varying maturities. For example, the iShares Barclays 1-3 Year Treasury Bond Fund (SHY) and the iShares Barclays 20 Year Treasury Bond Fund (TLT) track the performance of short-term and long-term U.S. Treasury securities, respectively. The returns from these ETFs vary with the returns of the underlying Treasury securities. Accordingly, TLT has a YTD yield of 4.38% vis-à-vis SHY which delivers a YTD yield of 0.08%. Likewise, sector ETF returns are affected by the performance of its sector. For example, the State Street Energy Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLE), which tracks stocks of the energy sector like Exxon Mobil Corporation (XOM) and Chevron (CVX), has a YTD of -1.53% owing to the poor state of energy sector. The yield curve’s signaling ability The shape of the yield curve is what gives the investor an idea of future interest rate changes and economic activity. The shape of the yield curve can be normal (upward sloping), inverted (or downward sloping), or flat. A normal curve signals economic growth. A yield normal curve, that is, when yields rise as maturity lengthens, reflects investor expectations for the economy to grow in the future and, importantly, for this growth to be associated with a greater expectation that inflation will rise in the future rather than fall. Steep yield curve A steep yield curve gives bullish signals to stock investors. This type of curve can be seen at the beginning of an economic expansion (or after the end of a recession). Here, economic stagnation will have depressed short-term interest rates; however, rates begin to rise once the demand for capital is re-established by growing economic activity. Flat or humped yield curve A flat or humped yield curve gives moderate bear signals. A flat yield curve is observed when all maturities have similar yields, whereas a humped curve results when short-term and long-term yields are equal and medium-term yields are higher than those of the short-term and long-term. A flat curve sends signals of uncertainty in the economy. This mixed signal can lead to a normal curve or may later result into an inverted curve. Inverted (or negative) yield curve An inverted (or negative) yield curve means strong bear signals. Normally, it’s caused by the Federal Reserve raising short-term interest rates to slow the economy. Investors contribute by driving long-term yields down, switching out of equities into more secure investments. Negative yield curves have proved to be reliable predictors of future recessions. So, the Fed, through its monetary policy, and the market, which is based on investor expectations, are the two main driving forces that act and react to cause changes in the shape of the yield curve. Intelligent investors have an opportunity to earn profits and avoid losses, if they understands how the yield curve may move when the Fed acts. The next part of this series reflects on how the changes in the Fed’s policy affect the yield curve.

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In May 2005, Boeing introduced the Boeing 777 Freighter, having a launch order from Air France, responding to strong requests from cargo operators for a capable, long-range and high-capacity freighter. The first 777F was delivered to Air France on February 19, 2009 and in February 2010, 18 freighters had been distributed to seven other customers, with 50 unfilled orders. The Boeing 777-300 is a stretched version of the 777, powered by the most powerful turbofan engines, seating 328 to 394 passengers in a typical three class seating arrangement or 550 passengers in a single economy class arrangement. This aircraft is the latest derivative of the 777 family and the first airplane was given to Cathay Pacific in May 1998. 60 aircraft were sent and production is complete. The stretched 777-300 is designed as a substitute for early generation 747s (747-100s and 200s). Compared to the older 747s the stretched 777 has similar passenger capacity and range, but burns one third less fuel and present 40% lower maintenance costs. Full story The 777-300ER extends the 777 family’s span of capabilities, bringing twin-engine efficiency and reliability to the long-range market. The airplane carries 365 passengers up to 7,930 nautical miles (14,685 km). Also the longer-range 777-300ER entered service in 2006 and a freighter version, the 777F, debuted in 2008. Both longer-range versions (300ER and 200LR) and the freighter have General Electric GE90 engines, as well as extended and raked wingtips. The other models are provided with the GE90, Pratt & Whitney PW4000, or Rolls-Royce Trent 800 engines. Boeing declares that the 777-200LR aircraft will be the longest ranging airliner, being able of flying 16,417km (8865nm) - 18 hours flying time. The 777-200LR is considered the world’s longest-range commercial jetliner and also it is capable of connecting virtually any two city pairs around the earth. First, the 777-100X was a proposed shortened ultra long range (16,000km/8635nm) model, dropped in favor of the 777-200LR (originally 777-200X) design study. In February 2006, Boeing delivered the first 777-200LR Worldliner (Longer Range), which carries 301 passengers up to 9,450 nautical miles (17,500 km). The Boeing 777-200ER is an improved version of 777-200 airliner modified shrinking passenger seating capacity to reach an extended range while maintaining the remaining 777-200 characteristics. The 777-200ER ("ER" for Extended Range), is also the B-market version of the -200 and this aircraft was originally known as the 777-200IGW for its improved gross weight. Boeing offers Class 3 Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) package to new-built and existing 777 passenger airplanes. EFB gives technology benefits for safe, efficient and secure operations. It consist of an onboard performance tool that permits the pilot to immediately calculate the ideal speed and engine setting for an airplane, on any runway, in any weather condition, with any payload.

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The Kehillah’s cemetery is a two-acre pastoral landscape atop a gentle rise in the northeastern corner of Markham Memorial Gardens. This sacred Jewish burial ground hosts 400 burial spaces facing Jerusalem. The cemetery has a stone entrance-way and two exterior stone water vessels for hand-washing. In the near future, the Kehillah will be cultivating the cemetery with natural plantings, resting benches, a gazebo for private meditation, and memorial plaques. Throughout the Jewish people’s history of dispersion and wandering, one thing has remained constant. Wherever new Jewish communities were formed, the community first set about consecrating land for a cemetery. The priority placed on establishing cemeteries reflects the importance in the Jewish tradition of caring for the deceased and supporting the bereaved. Death in Judaism is seen as a natural part of the lifecycle, and the body is considered sacred even after death. We bury our dead as an act of the truest form of loving-kindness, chesed shel emet, as it is the one thing we do for another for which we can never be thanked or repaid. Shortly after it was founded, the Kehillah established a cemetery section of its own—at Markham Memorial Gardens. Markham Memorial Gardens was established in 1981 by Mildred and Harold Markham as a 30-acre memorial park. This land was part of a 150-acre tract owned by the Markham family for more than a century and included the Markham Tobacco Farm and Miss Pittypat’s Riding Stables, run by Mildred Markham. Today, Markham Memorial Gardens continues to serve the area’s need through Mildred’s daughter, Mona Crawford. Markham Memorial Gardens provides burial spaces and perpetual care. Frequently Asked Questions - Can non-Kehillah members be buried in the cemetery?Yes. We recognize the need for a Jewish burial ground and offer spaces both for members and non-members. - Can non-Jewish spouses be buried in the cemetery?In keeping with the Kehillah’s value of inclusion, we offer spaces to Jews and their first-degree Jewish and non-Jewish relatives. However, headstones may not contain any religious symbols of or allusions to other faiths. Please contact the office for information about burial of relatives. - Who officiates at funerals?Our rabbi is available for member burials and may be available for non-member burials. When the rabbi is not available, other local rabbis may officiate. Religious leaders of other faiths may be present at, but may not lead, a burial service. - Does the Kehillah provide tahara (traditional rites for preparing the body)?The Kehillah has a Chevra Kadisha (Burial Society) which is able to provide tahara for Jewish members who will be buried in the cemetery. - May ashes be buried in the cemetery?Ashes may be interred in the cemetery. If you are interested in this option, please contact the rabbi. - Whom do I contact about cemetery spaces?Please call Mary at the Kehillah, 338-2696 or execdir AT kehillahsynagogue DOT org. What are the costs associated with burial? There are three types of fees associated with burial: 1. Cemetery Fees are set by and paid directly to Markham Memorial Gardens and are not transferable. The fee ranges below are based on Kehillah membership, timing of the service, and type of stone chosen, respectively. Spaces, $2,695 + 10% perpetual care Closing & opening of grave, $1,095-$1,295 2. Kehillah Fees are based on whether the space was pre-purchased and all fees paid in advance of an immediate need. The funds help pay for landscaping and improvements to the cemetery, staff time, and administrative costs. Member pre-paid, no charge; Member non-pre-paid, $500 First-degree relative pre-paid, $2,500; Non-member pre-paid, $3,000 First-degree relative non-pre-paid, $4,000; Non-member non-pre-paid, $4,000 3. Rabbi’s Discretionary Fund Donation is paid when the rabbi officiates at the funeral. Kehillah Members, $550 Non-Kehillah Members, $750

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Spanish courses and politics Spanish courses for specific purposes: Political Science Spanish and Politics course This course is designed for B1 level Spanish students and above who are interested in political science and especially in Venezuelan politics. The syllabus varies according to the current political happenings and the specific interests of students. Usage of present tense, differences between ser and estar, contrast among the past tense form, future, conditional, imperative mode, subjunctive mode (conjugation and usage), conditional sentences, connectors, and reported speech; the argumentation, linguistic aspects of academic writing, and acquiring and broadening specific vocabulary. Briefing on the political history of Venezuela during the 20th and 21st century. Discussion, investigation and analysis of current and relevant topics of Venezuelan and South American politics within a global context. This course is also available as private lessons On-Line

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The Greek demigod Heracles is better known by his Roman name, Hercules. At birth, his name was Alcaeus. Hercules is a demigod, half-human, half-god. This means that he has some powers of a god, but not all of them. Hercules is the son of Zeus, a god, and Alcmene, a mortal. In Greek mythology, Hercules is considered a divine hero. He was a character in Greek mythology and his stories were told by several generations. Hercules has royal ancestors. The royal clan he belongs to is called the Heracleidae. At the beginning of the Renaissance, scholars looked at ancient Greek lore, which had been all but forgotten during the Dark Ages. Mythological creatures and gods, including Hercules, were reintroduced. However, by this point, he was considered a perfect, flawless demigod. While Hercules is a common icon in Roman culture as well as Greek, his roots truly take place in Greece. In Greek mythology, unlike in other cultures, he was not flawless. Instead, he had faults, just as any human does. Hercules is considered the greatest Greek hero. He was the archetypical masculine man and has exceptional strength. He was also clever and is skilled when it comes to women. Hercules was also considered fun and playful, often playing games with children and relaxing. Hercules led the Olympian order to combat chthonic monsters. While he isn't considered to be as clever as Nestor or Odysseus, there were many times when he used his ingenuity to get out of situations that called for more than just strength. For example, he had to convince Atlas to take the sky onto his shoulders again. He also protected gymansia, where competitors trained, and palaestrae, where wrestlers trained. Hercules is believed to have made the world a better, safer place, thanks to all of the danger he fought and overcame. Greek mythology plays a large role in the Greek culture. Stories of Hercules are a huge part of Greek heritage. Several references from Greek mythology and stories of Hercules are used today in Greek life. For example, the word "Herculean" is in the dictionary, meaning superhuman strength. Hercules isn't just a character in a story -- he has become a Greek icon. Hercules is an extremely common representation in Greek art. His image is on several different pieces of work, from small vases to large architecture. Labors of Hercules Hercules' 12 labors were included in a Greek epic poem and recounted several acts of atonement carried out by him. After Hercules killed his own sons, the oracle at Delphi suggested that he serve Eurystheus, the King of Tyrins, for twelve years, during which he would carry out any labor the King asked him to do. In return, Hercules would receive immortality. The labors fell into four categories: Hercules had to kill another, subdue someone, bring back a magical animal or bring a magical plant to the King. - Photos.com/Photos.com/Getty Images

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Recommended Age, Grade, and Reading Levels - Age: 3 to 6 - Grade: p to 12 This Is Owl is a bright and cheerful interactive picture book with lots of flaps and accompanying actions that make it loads of fun to read together! Meet Owl. Oh wait, it's daytime. Meet Owl now, at night, when he's most active -- even if he isn't the most graceful. When the act of sneaking up on Beetle goes awry, it's up to readers to help Owl flap his wings and right himself. But when Owl is determined to make his own way, readers are taken on a journey, first to find Owl and then meet his budding family! About the authors Jacqui Lee’s illustrations are focused on storytelling and are inspired by the world around her. Jacqui's I Am Josephine was a CCBC Best Book for Kids and Teens and she was awarded an Alcuin Society Award for Excellence in Book Design for Murilla Gorilla and the Hammock Problem. Her work is fun, cheerful and aims to bring a smile to people’s faces. She loves the handmade and textural look of gouache paint and often carries a sketchbook with her, especially while travelling. An alumnus of the Alberta University of the Arts, she now lives in London, UK. “Young and older readers will love sharing and reading this book over and over.” --the Calgary Herald “Young children will enjoy this eye-catching book filled with second person directives, die-cut shapes, and an appealing tale about Owl and Other Owl.” --CM Magazine

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Locals in Destin, Florida, looked out upon the Gulf of Mexico with horror as a massive waterspout formed. Some people managed to capture the miraculous sight on film and upload the content to various platforms online. Nevertheless, the bizarre weather formation shocked and horrified locals in the area, who were forced to drive past it during their morning commutes to and from work. When cumulus clouds grow very quickly, a waterspout can form over the water. This weather phenomenon features a whirling column of air and water mist that rises hundreds of feet in the air. They look like their cousins, tornados, so they are sometimes called tornados on the water, although waterspout is the official name for the thing. This waterspout was sighted at 7 am off the Emerald Coast on Florida’s Panhandle. The water tornado was formed because of massive storms flowing over the Gulf of Mexico in recent days. Video footage shared to social media by locals in Destin, Florida, showcased the massive storm growing off the coast. The giant waterspout fills up a large section of the sky as it pulls water and air up from the ocean and into its twirling walls. Meanwhile, lightning strikes wake up the dark air around the waterspout as the storm continues to rage on the Gulf of Mexico. AccuWeather’s Jesse Ferrell confirmed what many people thought – this was not a typical waterspout but one that was very incredible given the circumstances. “It looks like this was a legitimate tornado over water formed by a supercell thunderstorm, not a weak waterspout spun up from a rain shower,” Ferrell explained. Data from the weather service indicated that a thunderstorm formed off the coast in the Gulf of Mexico. This storm triggered the waterspout as it was moving southeast across the waters. After the waterspout was spotted, The National Weather Service issued a marine warning urging boaters and swimmers to stay clear of the water until the storm passed. Although this sighting was unique and special, it is not the first waterspout sighted off the Florida panhandle this summer. It is actually the fifth water tornado that has formed in the area. Data on waterspouts are not plentiful, so authorities do not really know how often they occur or other information about their typical activity. Daily Mail readers shared hundreds of comments about this Florida waterspout. “Spectacular footage. The beach in the Panhandle is beautiful, and it is lovely to watch when a storm rolls in.” “While working on the family shrimp boats when young, we saw a lot of them, albeit much smaller than the one shown. Seemed sort of common when squalls were coming in, but we were too busy pulling up the gear before the storm arrived to gawk at them much.” “As a Floridian, I can assure you that waterspouts don’t scare us.” What do you think about this waterspout?

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Research supports the active teaching of handwriting. Recent findings demonstrate that writing by hand improves creative writing skills and fine motor skills. In fact, elementary students have been found to write more and faster by hand than when keyboarding. It’s our mission to help maintain and teach the necessity of handwriting in a technological world. While we embrace technology in our classroom, we know this essential skill is crucial for the next generation’s growth and success. Your child will learn to hand write in print and cursive. Intro to Handwriting Without Tears Locations: FasTracKids Learning Centers in NYC Our FasTracKids learning centers are dedicated to serving your NYC metropolitan area. Click below to learn more about our specific locations.

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With climate change’s undeniability comes not only increasing water shortages, but longer periods of drought. As policymakers look urgently to wastewater recycling to stem the gap in water resources, the question is not whether or not reuse is necessary—it is—but how best to approach it. New and emerging contaminants like antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) pose a potential hazard to public safety and water security. Among adverse health implications that could emerge from the spread of ARGs through the water system is a potential increase in development of antibiotic-resistant super bugs—bugs which we do not currently have medicine to treat. It is for this reason that Adam Smith, Assistant Professor in the Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and a team of researchers including USC Viterbi Ph.D. candidate Moustapha Harb and Ph.D. students Phillip Wang and Ali Zarei-Baygi, studied and compared samples from an advanced water purification facility in Southern California and groundwater aquifers to detect differences in ARG concentrations. Through their research, published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters this month, they found that the advanced treatment facility, which purifies wastewater to create a near-distilled quality of water suitable for drinking, reduced nearly all targeted ARGs to below detectable limits. The facility then takes this water and uses it to replenish (recharge) the local aquifer to maintain a plentiful supply of groundwater used as local drinking water. In the aquifer samples, they found a ubiquitous presence of ARGs in both control locations and locations recharged with water from the advanced water treatment facility. Treatment facilities that use an “environmental barrier” – like aquifer recharge in this case – as a step in the water cleaning process, called indirect potable reuse, have traditionally been considered more reliable and are better accepted by the public compared to more direct/immediate forms of water reuse. But the USC Viterbi research found that antibiotic resistance exists in groundwater, from natural occurrence or other sources, and essentially results in a reduction in water quality of the purified water due to it being blended with the environmental water. How ARGs Spread through Water Treatment Systems While some ARGs are naturally occurring in microbial communities, antibiotics, ARGs and antibiotic resistant pathogens are on the rise in water sources as a result of the overuse of antibiotics in general. To reuse water for potable use (drinking water), one approach is to first process the wastewater at a wastewater treatment facility followed by additional physical and chemical treatment at a reuse facility to further improve water quality. Then the treated water is handled in one of two ways: - In indirect potable reuse, the purified water is infused back into an environmental buffer, like an aquifer. Later, water is pulled from the aquifer and further treated at a drinking water treatment plant before being added to the public water supply. - In direct potable reuse, purified water does not return to an environmental buffer, but instead, remains within the engineered water cycle, going from the wastewater treatment plant to the water reuse plant to the drinking water treatment plant and then out to your tap. Since conventional wastewater treatment plants (suitable for environmental “disposal” of treated wastewater) are not generally designed for removal of micropollutants like antibiotics, they tend to persist in these treatment systems. However, the study found that advanced treatment used for potable reuse removes nearly all antibiotic resistance genes to below detection. When this highly-purified water is introduced into an aquifer, the blended water quality is reduced due to the now detectable levels of the genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. “ARGs are not regulated in any way and are a challenging emerging contaminant of concern due to our reliance on biological treatment in the engineered water cycle,” Smith said. “Because they are biological contaminants—small fragments of DNA that are released to the environment—bacteria present in receiving environments can uptake them, becoming resistant themselves, and further perpetuating the spread of resistance.” Wastewater reuse is the prevailing option for dealing with a mounting pressure on global water supply and might be preferable to options like desalination, which is expensive and energy inefficient by comparison. Eliminating unknowns that persist in the environmental water buffers could be one way to ensure water that reaches our taps are clean of ARGs and other harmful contaminants. “Lessening the global spread of antibiotic resistance will require an interdisciplinary approach that spans environmental and clinical systems. We must act fast before we enter a so called ‘post-antibiotic world’ where bacterial infections become impossible to treat,” Smith said. This work is funded by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Award # 2016-68007-25044.

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In this unit students will learn: - the musical alphabet - their finger numbers - about the stave, and treble and bass clefs - the notes middle C – G in the treble clef - the notes F – middle C in the bass clef A set of free flash cards, each with a different finger number pattern on. Use this to help your students develop independence of the fingers. The following flash cards are available to purchase through our Payhip store. Note flash cards including: - All notes within the treble and bass clef staves - Notes up to and including two ledger lines above and below the treble and bass clef staves. Use which ever notes you need for the individual pupil. You may find it helpful to colour code them by using different coloured card for the notes that belong to different levels. - Tap finger patterns on the piano lid or table. Call out the finger patterns or use finger number flash cards (above). These finger patterns could relate to a piece you are going to use. - Play all keys of a specific letter. For example, ask your students to play all the Cs on the piano. For an extension, you could add pitch, dynamics, or articulation! - Identify and/or highlight notes in their pieces. This could be every note, one specific letter (the new note they have learned). You can do this in pen/pencil, by circling notes in different letters (colour coding works well). You could use indexing tabs or erasable highlighter pens. If you are concerned about using pen on a book then try photocopying the page. - Drawing notes on a whiteboard. Students draw a note you ask for, or identify notes you have drawn. Switch things around by getting the students to ask you to draw a note and to mark your work! (here is a music whiteboard this one, or you could use manuscript paper. Tie this in with new notes the student needs for their current or next piece. - Flashnote Derby iPad game (paid app). Select two or more notes for students to identify. - Composition. In the early lessons this could be a sound story where students make up a story and use the piano to narrate it. Later on you can use a composition worksheet, like this one from Roo Records. The example includes quaver groups which you can use as a teaching point if appropriate. Use these in conjunction with our note flash cards (above), or Stage A rhythm flash cards to secure particular rhythms or notes. - Finger Twister, Tippy Taps, and Wiggles and Waggles all help to reinforce finger numbers and connect number with action. - Keyboard Builder gives students the chance to display their knowledge of the pattern of black keys on the piano. Piano Builder is a slightly more challenging version of this game. - Lions, Tigers, and Bears can help to reinforce the link between the staff, the letter, and the piano key. Make sure you select the appropriate cards for the stage! - Jungle Jump tests knowledge of Stage A letter names (middle C position). - Finger numbers are tested in Finger Painting, Ant Climb, and Nails & Jems (all Piano Theory Funtime pack). - There is a group of games in the Flashcard Fun (Notes) pack that allow you to select the notes you play with – perfect for quick games at any level. We sell our resources through Payhip. Visit our online store to browse our materials. The links below will take you directly to the specified product. - Basics of the stave - Symbols learned at this stage - Stage A Notes 1a (x2) - Treble clef: Middle C and G above - Bass clef: Middle C and F below - Stage A Notes 1b (x2) - Treble clef: Middle C, D, and E - Bass clef: Middle C, B, and A - Stage A Notes 1c (x2) - Treble clef D and bass clef B - Bass clef A, B and middle C, and treble clef middle C, D, and E - Stage A Note Names (x6) - 3x Treble clef notes: Middle C up to G a 5th above - 3 x Bass clef notes: Middle C down to F a 5th below - All semibreve notes for clarity at the initial stages - Stage A Letters and Lengths Quizzes (x6) - 3x Treble clef notes as above - 3 x Bass clef notes as above - Stage A note lengths: crotchets, minims, dotted minims, semibreves - Stage A Letters and Lengths Quizzes (x3) - 3x quizzes asking students to identify stage A note names and lengths. Enjoy Piano have made two sets of worksheets available as free downloads from their website. Click the links below to visit the relevant blog posts.

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It’s 1:40 p.m. on July 18th, and the video transmission we’re receiving has traveled 200,000 miles to get to us. We’ve been building to this moment for years and we’re expecting the transmission, but it’s early. NASA Mission Control Center in Houston isn’t ready for it. “Apollo 11… We’re not quite configured here at Houston for the transmission. We’ll be up in a couple of minutes. Over.” The voice of Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin crackles through from the command module: “Rog[er.]” Within the hour, Aldrin will complete the first space inspection of the lunar module Eagle, the craft he’s about to pilot to the moon. Commander Neil Armstrong will be with him. Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, the third member of the Apollo 11 crew, will be joking about TV stagehands not knowing where to stand during the broadcast. What is about to happen in space over the next two days is incredible — something many of us thought was impossible less than a decade ago. But something just as incredible is happening here on Earth. At 3:09 p.m., Armstrong will look out a window. He’ll see the orb of the Earth before him. “We have a very good view of it today,” he’ll say, “There are a few more cloud bands on than yesterday when we beamed down to you, but it’s a beautiful sight.” Here on this fragile and beautiful sphere that Armstrong can see from space, we are stopping in our collective tracks. Hundreds of millions of us are turning away from our individual lives to marvel at the collective accomplishment of our species. By 10 p.m. tonight, the velocity of Aldrin, Armstrong, and Collins will slow from their initial lunar trajectory velocity by a factor of 10. Then, at 10:11:55 p.m., they will cross the equigravisphere — the point at which the gravitational pull of the moon will become stronger than the pull of the planet watching them. In less than 48 hours, two of these men will go where no human has gone before. But this is not a story about what those men will give to humanity. This is a story of what humanity has given these men. Armstrong can feel us up there with him, which is why one man’s first stride onto the lunar surface will be more than his step — it will be our collective leap. This moment is no longer before us; it happened half a century ago. Today, we are not gathered here on Earth in rapt anticipation of what humankind is about to accomplish. But we should be. Buzz Aldrin wasn’t the only buzz in the air in July 1969. At newsstands across the United States, the grinning face of Neil Armstrong gazed at passersby. From the cover of Newsweek, he stood in his pristine white spacesuit, posed in front of a picture of the moon, helmet in hand, with blue eyes that almost matched the NASA insignia on his chest. On the cover of Life he waved as he prepared to board Apollo 11, his 5’11”-, 165-pound-frame striding confidently in his bulky spacesuit. The headline read “Leaving for the Moon.” As the commander of the mission, he was alone in many images, but not in all of them. In some, he posed alongside a determined looking Michael Collins and a slightly mischievous-looking Buzz Aldrin whose smile was a bit of a smirk. When Apollo 11 launched, people around the world gathered in front of televisions wherever they could find them. Some one million spectators clogged the roadways and beaches around Kennedy Space Center. Roughly half of Congress traveled to Florida to watch the launch live, and the event was covered in person by more than three thousand reporters from 56 countries. When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin took the first steps on the moon, an estimated 600 million people — 16% of the world’s population — watched live. We were more than a decade into the Space Age. It had been twelve years since the Soviet-launched Sputnik 1 became the first artificial earth satellite and the catalyst for an age of competition, exploration, and wonder. By this time astronauts had become icons. They were pilots and engineers, military officers and university professors. They drove their Corvettes too fast, re-engineered each other’s vehicles as practical jokes, and had their faces plastered on newspapers everywhere. Their names — Glenn, Schirra, Grissom, Lovell, Aldrin, Armstrong, and even Gagarin — rolled off tongues as if these men were our old friends. They had swagger, smarts, and celebrity. They were icons of a different sort than we know now. The things that the men and women of the Space Age accomplished were unprecedented, crazy, even. But there was nothing unique about this undisguised audacity and the excited masses who encouraged it. Throughout the centuries, intellectual icons and explorers have repeatedly set forth into the unknown, and come home to thrilled and reverent crowds. Albert Einstein, with his wild hair, thick mustache and quirky smile, is an obvious example: world famous, instantly recognizable, his name synonymous with genius. What could be more audacious than challenging our very understanding of the universe, following mathematics into uncharted realms? The outcome of such a journey was revolutionary. But the power of Einstein’s following was nearly as striking as the power of his findings: Even now, more than half a century after Einstein left us, people who have never balanced an equation quote his. During his lifetime, Einstein toured like a rock star — people mobbed lecture halls to see him, trampling each other to get inside. He was in the newspapers so often that he quipped, “The reader gets the impression that every five minutes there is a revolution in science.” A technical article he wrote on his unfinished and untested unified field theory sold out in three days. As he neared the end of his life, he chose to be cremated because he was afraid that people would come “to worship at the altar of [his] bones.” A legitimate fear, it seemed, as when he died, the pathologist on call stole Einstein’s brain, which scientists around the world later sliced and studied to find the source of his genius. Today, we are not gathered here on Earth in rapt anticipation of what humankind is about to accomplish. But we should be. But even Einstein wasn’t unique in his following. Thomas Edison, the man who harnessed both sound and light, was also a magnet for crowds and publicity. The first floor of his laboratory was constantly filled with visitors curious to see his inventions, and investors looking to fund his research. His lab was dubbed the “Invention Factory,” and Edison, “The Wizard of Menlo Park.” A part of Edison was also taken from his deathbed, though it was more ethereal than a brain: His last breath was captured and secured in a test tube, then put on display at a museum. Following his death, people around the globe dimmed their lights in his honor. Humanity has celebrated discoveries not just at the frontiers of science, but at the frontiers of the world as we knew it. At the turn of the 20th century, as polar exploration gripped the globe, men like Roald Amundsen, Robert Falcon Scott, and Ernest Shackleton, came into the limelight. During a series of three Antarctic expeditions, Shackleton risked life and limb in one of the world’s harshest and littlest-known environments — at one point venturing further south than anyone before him, only to nearly starve to death on the way back to his ship. The Royal Geographical Society awarded Shackleton a Gold Medal, King Edward VII made him Commander of the Royal Victorian Order and later knighted him. When Shackleton announced a Trans-Antarctic expedition, he was showered with more than 5,000 applications from the public to join it and picked up a stowaway who hid in a locker for weeks. As he set out on his final expedition, Shackleton offered the service of his ship and crew to the English forces preparing for WWI, in case they believed that protecting the homeland was more important than exploring a foreign one. But Shackleton’s expedition was considered crucial, and he received a single-word wire from the Admiralty: “Proceed.” These men were exceptional, but so was the excitement around them. In the 19th and 20th centuries, these scientists, inventors and explorers set out to make discoveries at the frontiers of human knowledge — and we cheered them on, just as 50 years ago, we cheered on Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Mike Collins. We want to cheer like that again. We want truly audacious feats of human ingenuity to be celebrated deeply — and we have a lot to celebrate. We live in a time when we are making significant breakthroughs in genetics and medicine; when deep-sea exploration and monitoring for extraterrestrial signals have achieved a scope never seen before. The opportunity to celebrate women and people of color behind such ventures is unprecedented. In the 19th century, Edison harnessed light and sound. At the turn of the 21st, we harnessed information. The Internet is one of the most audacious inventions of our time, but how many of us can name the minds who contributed to its creation? Who can name the British computer scientist — knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his work — who first proposed we share information through a technology he called hypertext, and created the world’s first web page? (Timothy Berners-Lee, anyone?) What about the woman who pioneered a tool that spurred a revolution in genetics? (Jennifer Doudna!) Will she need to be buried in a secret location to prevent the masses from worshipping her bones? The two of us were born in the 1980s: late enough to have missed the golden age of the Space Race, but early enough to understand the feeling it conjured. We both grew up in coastal California — one of us a stone’s throw from an air force base that was, at one time, scheduled to become a shuttle launch site. We pretended to be astronauts during simulations at space camp, launched rockets in our backyards, and watched scientists sketch rocket schematics on napkins at fast food restaurants. We were just kids, but we got a glimpse of the celebration of collective human endeavor. We want it back. We want to live in a world where the names of astronauts, explorers, scientists and inventors roll off our tongues as easily as the names of the Kardashians. We’re willing to bet that we’re not alone. The time for passive media consumption is over. True exploration — expedition-based travel — cannot thrive without a thunderous cultural demand for it. The two of us were drawn to our work by humanity’s legacy of exploration. Travel journalism, at its best, gives the world a glimpse of frontiers — not just in geography, but in science, culture, and art. These frontiers aren’t covered as much as they used to be, but they remain the birthplaces of discovery — so we created Hidden Compass to showcase them. We want truly audacious feats of human ingenuity to be celebrated deeply — and we have a lot to celebrate. But now it is time for us to throw our hat over the wall, because for Hidden Compass to truly celebrate exploration, we cannot be just a magazine. We must be a movement. And that means that our audience can no longer just be an audience. Over the next year, our audience will transform into an alliance — an alliance that will work to create a world where scientists, explorers, artists and inventors are celebrated. We’re going to bring back the era of intellectual icons. This means that you’ll see us asking you to engage with us in a way that you’re probably not used to engaging with media. We won’t expect you to merely consume what we publish. We will invite you to participate in Hidden Compass’ production — to engage with writers, artists, and photographers, and, eventually, to join a collective to launch the expeditions of explorers and scientists. If this idea excites you: then share it. A movement requires people and you will be our most important recruiters. There are a lot of changes coming. Some will happen behind the scenes as we build the infrastructure to support our new mission. Some will be bold and sudden as we launch new projects. And many will be gradual as we build upon the foundation we’ve been laying for the last two years. We will be keeping you updated through our social media channels and our newsletter. (Sign up to follow us if you haven’t already.) From time to time, you’ll even see the two of us front and center, chatting with you about our plans. In fact, tomorrow, we’ll be live on Facebook at 1:00 p.m. PDT. In the meantime, let curiosity be your guide. This weekend, we celebrate the anniversary of one of humankind’s greatest endeavors. Take in the coverage. Listen to the words spoken fifty years ago and those spoken in the years since. Look at the images of mothers clutching their children to them, of speechless, teary-eyed news anchors, and of embracing strangers gathered in front of television shops and in town squares around the world, their eyes all glued to screens because their species was about to do the impossible. And then think about what it might be like to feel that again, because we can. If this all seems a little crazy, well, perhaps it is. But audacity has always been the key to making the impossible, reality — to making the unattainable, undeniable. Once upon a time, creating light in a bulb and reaching the South Pole seemed crazy. So did traveling down the street in a horseless carriage, or reading this story on a computer or phone. Once upon a time, strapping three men to a rocket and launching them across 240,000 miles of cold, vast space was crazy, too. It was crazy enough to make humanity stop and wonder what else might be possible. By comparison, we can only hope our mission is crazy enough. Hidden Compass is an award-winning, women-led media company that’s forging an Alliance to turn storytellers and explorers into heroes and champion a new age of discovery. Learn more by clicking “about” in the navigation bar. $ / $ Support the Journalist Never miss a story Subscribe for new issue alerts.

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Excel is often used to make charts and graphs that show how data looks. We often put labels on charts to help us understand them better. Also we try to put the labels in different places depending on what we need. In this article, we’ll show you how simple it is to Move Data Labels in Excel Chart. Download Practice Workbook You can download the practice workbook from here. 2 Easy Methods to Move Data Labels In Excel Chart We can move data labels in an excel chart using 2 different methods. To describe these methods and their steps properly, we can consider this table in the example below. It shows the monthly budget of a student to buy different study items. And based on the table, we have a column chart like the image below. The two different methods and their steps are given below. 1. Move Data Labels in Excel Chart by Drag & Drop Option Drag and drop is the easiest method to move data labels in an Excel chart. To do so, we will follow these steps. - To begin with, select the label we want to move. In our case, we want to move Pencil’s data label to a higher position. - In addition, drag the label to any expected place. In our case, we will drag it higher. - Finally, drop the data to the expected position and we will have our results. Read More: How to Change Data Labels in Excel (with Easy Steps) 2. Use Format Data Labels Task Pane to Move Data Labels in Excel Chart Using the Drag and Drop option, we can move only one data label to a certain place in the excel chart. But if we want to move all the data labels together to excel defined positions, we can use the Format Data Labels task pane right side of the screen. The steps are given below. - Firstly double click on any of the data labels. This will open the Format Data Labels task pane. - Secondly, in the Format Data Labels task pane, select Label Options. - Thirdly, in Label Options, find Label Position and select the position where we want to move the labels. - Lastly, selecting any of the positions will reposition our data labels. For example, we want to show our data labels in the middle. So we will select Center. After selecting Center, the end result will look like the image below. That’s how we move data labels in Excel very easily. Read More: How to Format Data Labels in Excel (with Easy Steps) Things to Remember - The Drag and Drop system moves only one label. To move all the labels, we will need to manually drag and drop labels. If there are a lot of labels, this method is lengthy. - Format Data Labels option is suitable if we need to move all the labels at once. Showing Data Labels and modifying them is a very useful feature in Excel that is used very often. In this article, we saw how to modify the position of data labels in an excel chart very easily. If you’re still having trouble with any of these steps, let us know in the comments. Our team is ready to answer all of your questions. For any excel related problems, you can visit our website Exceldemy for all types of excel related problem solutions. - Edit Data Labels in Excel (6 Easy Ways) - How to Change Font Size of Data Labels in Excel - Data Labels in Excel Pivot Chart (Detailed Analysis) - How to Add Data Labels in Excel (2 Handy Ways) - Rotate Data Labels in Excel (2 Simple Methods) - How to Show Data Labels in Excel 3D Maps (2 Easy Ways) - Remove Zero Data Labels in Excel Graph (3 Easy Ways)

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Simplicity of the composition mirrors Germany’s structured industry, illustrating a modern Germany as distinct from the Romantic landscapes of Caspar David Friedrich. It becomes a Platonic idea of a river rather than an actual place. It looks at man’s influence on the natural world by mirroring the large scale 19th Century landscape paintings with a contemporary though similarly imposing viewpoint.How? He used one of the best digital medium-format cameras available (a Hasselblad) and stitched several photographs to make a high resolution photograph, which he then simplified further by removing distractions such as buildings in Photoshop. Because of his name, built upon his oeuvre, and that Rhein II was the largest of an edition of six, with four being in major museums, it was sold for $4.33 million to a private German collector, making it the most expensive photo ever at the time.

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Spring flooding in the northeast and elsewhere, as snow melt and heavy rains occur, triggers major stream erosion and sediment loading in ponds. Large volume runoff and downright flooding isn't unusual in spring. But add climate change, and higher than average flooding causes higher than average pond damage. The result of such erosion and loading can be damage to inflow and outflow channels; shallowing of the pond; changes in actual pond shape as sediment alters the shoreline; growth of aquatic plants and algae in new shallow areas; and water warming due to shallowing and reduced water volume. How do pond owners prevent sedimentation of the pond basin and erosion of inflows and outflows? And the expense of repairs and clean-outs? Most ponds require some kind of in-flowing natural water source, in addition to in-pond springs/ground water, well water, roof catch, etc. In other words, water flowing by gravity off the pond watershed. This may be runoff from rain and snow melt, or an actual stream flowing into the pond, or both. A small stream can be a good water resource. But the bigger it gets, the more it may cause problems. That's why a good general rule in pond building and siting is not to run a large stream directly into the pond. Not only can it cause sediment loading, flooding, and erosion problems, but it may be a violation of state and/or federal wetland laws. So for new pond builders, I caution against running a stream directly into the pond unless it's small and unlikely to cause problems. If possible, divert the stream around the pond and for supply construct a controllable feed piped or channeled from the stream. Or locate the new pond beside the stream. But in some situations, a direct inflow stream may be desirable or necessary for water supply. How can you set this up to cause the least problems? The stream should be modified to minimize erosion. This may be done by reshaping the channel to reduce erosion potential, for instance flattening the sides, and adding edge plantings to help hold the soil together. Creating small steps and waterfalls can help reduce stream velocity and erosion. Curves rather than straight runs can slow down the stream flow. Adding rip rap or stone is often done to reduce erosion, sometimes over a geotextile lining. A catch pool in the stream just above pond can trap sediment before it flows into the pond. Catch pools are built in variety of ways depending on stream size, from a simple dugout basin to more elaborate boxes, cisterns, etc. They will need to be cleaned out periodically, often by backhoe or excavator, and should be designed with that in mind, as well as access, and disposal of sediment. Keep in mind that all the above mentioned stream work alterations may require state or federal permitting. Know the law. Another way to catch sediment delivered by stream is with an in-pond silt pool. This requires digging a crater-like catchment where the stream enters the pond. It is below water level, a pool within the pond, and often incorporates a barrier or "speed bump" at the far end opposite the stream entry to help trap sediment. This submerged catchment requires no stream alteration, and must be cleaned out periodically, like other types of silt pools. Because the trap is submerged, the pond may need to have its water level lowered to expose the trap for efficient cleaning and maintenance of the structure. If your pond is already constructed and includes a direct inflow stream, consider the preceding strategies to reduce sediment loading. Your pond discharge system is also vulnerable to high water erosion and other damage. If discharge is through an offshore pipe such as a standpipe/drop inlet it should be free of sediment problems. But be on the lookout for floating debris collecting around the inlet or causing plugging, and remove debris. If the discharge pipe is a water level horizontal or slanted culvert at the shoreline it will also be vulnerable to debris plugging, as well as sediment loading. Keep it clean. Topics vary from month to month and provide great information when researching where you want to build a pond, or how to keep it clean. Other areas of interest are pond use for more than swimming, and how to keep fish happy in your pond.

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Like sand through the hour glass, so is the maths of our lives. There are more grains of sand on Earth than there are stars in sky, or so the saying goes. Mathematician Anne Fey, from Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, is using sand-pile models as a novel approach to calculate probabilities in fields as diverse as studies of the Earth's crust, stock market fluctuations and the formation of traffic jams (you can read more about other models of traffic jams in the Plus article Unjamming traffic). Sand-pile models are fairly easy to picture, but the results are difficult to predict because of the fascinating self-organisation that evolves. Imagine you slowly drop sand onto grid paper through your fingers. Each point on the grid has a height of sand that must not be exceeded — if it is, the sand tumbles onto adjacent points. With each time interval, the amount of sand on the grid paper increases as does the height at each point. If this height exceeds a maximum value, the sand flows onto neighbouring points and perhaps further still if that flow caused the amount of sand on those neighbouring points to exceed their maximum. The flow continues until the amount of sand at each point is below this critical value. The rules of Fey's model are very simple, but despite this, self-organising complex behaviour can emerge. Stable patterns can evolve and some of these exhibit the complexity of fractals. This occurs, for example, when sand is poured onto the mid-point of the pattern. Sand then spreads out around this point in highly angulated forms. If enough sand is poured into the middle, symmetrical fractals about the mid-point form. Fractal patterns can emerge from simple rules. Image courtesy Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Situations that can be used to study movements in the Earth's crust and stock market movements occur when the choice of the point where the sand is initially poured is not at the centre of the grid but randomly chosen. This is when the most unpredictable behaviour emerges. Similarly complex chain reactions can ensue in stock markets, for example when one stock is considered overvalued by the market and falls down to a price the market considers more realistic, with a knock-on effect on other prices. Mathematically, the model starts with an initial configuration that consists of a number of sand grains at each grid point. Each unstable site is then toppled such that each point that contains at least grains gives one grain to each of its neighbours being the critical height. This process may yield a final configuration in which each point is stable in that case, is . Fey proved that stabilisable configurations, within some conditions, depend only on and not on the particular order in which the toppling is conducted that is, which neighbour gets the first grain of sand. This is an interesting conclusion: a stabilisable pattern in a complex process like the stock marked would mean that no matter how and where a chain reaction kicks off, we can be sure that it will settle eventually — something of importance to all investors!

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The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), the Window Covering Safety Council and independent retailers have joined forces to raise awareness of strangulation risks presented by window covering cords and chains. October has been designated "Window Covering Safety Month" by CPSC and the industry coalition. U.S. consumers are encouraged to repair or replace window coverings purchased before 2001 and to keep all window cords and chains out of the reach of young children. Through point-of-sale signage in retail stores, advertising circulars in newspapers and other marketing means, consumers will be alerted to the availability of free repair kits and strongly urged to repair or replace older window coverings. "Window Covering Safety Month is an important national initiative. Repairing or replacing your window coverings is the first line of defense," said CPSC Chairman Hal Stratton. "Consumers should also secure cords and chains so they are out of children's reach. Cribs and furniture should be kept away from window coverings so that children can not play with them." Since 1991, CPSC has received reports of 174 strangulation deaths involving cords and chains on window coverings. 152 deaths involved the outer-pull cords, which raise and lower the blind. 22 deaths involved the inner-cords, which run through the window blind slats. Outer-pull cord deaths typically involve children ranging in age from 8-months to 6-years. Inner-cord deaths typically involve children ranging in age from 9-months to 17-months who are placed in cribs or playpens located within reach of window coverings. In all cases, the children became inadvertently entangled and died from strangulation. In recent years, window-covering manufacturers have produced redesigned products to reduce cord hazards. These redesigns have reduced the opportunity to create hazardous loops in the cords or chains. The redesigns have also featured permanently attached tie-down anchors and built-in cord stops. It is important to note: although redesigned newer window coverings and repaired older window coverings reduce the risk of strangulation - they have not fully eliminated the hazard. Long dangling window cords and chains still pose a strangulation hazard for young children. Consumers should never tie window blind cords or chains together because the knot creates a new loop, which could cause a young child to become entangled. During the month of October, CPSC urges consumers to carefully inspect the cords and chains of all of their window coverings. Consumers are also encouraged to consider cordless coverings and other alternative window coverings, which have been recently introduced throughout the country by manufacturers. Consumers with older window coverings are urged to repair or replace their window coverings. Consumers possessing window coverings purchased before 2001 can obtain a free repair kit from the Window Covering Safety Council's web site at www.windowcoverings.org or by calling 1-800-506-4636. Individuals can also visit www.cpsc.gov to learn more about window covering safety. A list of firms and organizations participating in Window Covering Safety Month is attached. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission -- an independent federal agency created by Congress in 1973 and charged with protecting the public from unreasonable risks of injury or death from more than 15,000 types of consumer products -- will continue to monitor and investigate incidents involving window coverings. CPSC will continue working with the window covering industry to further reduce strangulation hazards through new designs and advances in technology. The following are window-covering safety tips offered by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission: 1. Move all cribs, beds, furniture and toys away from windows and window cords, preferably to another wall. 2. Keep all window cords out of the reach of children. Make sure that tasseled pull cords are short, and that continuous-loop cords are permanently anchored to the floor or wall. 3. Lock cords into position when lowering horizontal coverings or shades to prevent inner-cord hazards. 4. Repair window coverings, corded shades and draperies manufactured before 2001 with retrofit cord-repair devices, or replace them with today's safer products. 5. Consider installing cordless window coverings in children's bedrooms and play areas. Consumers can also view a video clip about this press release (standard version or a higher quality version - broadband connection recommended) (transcript) . This is in "streaming video" format. Retailers, Manufacturers and Importers Participating in Window Covering Safety Campaign Window Covering Safety Council Members |3 Day Blinds, Inc. All Strong Industrial USA Corp. Big Lots Stores, Inc. Blinds To Go C-MOR Shade Products Corp. Chateau Enterprises Inc. Comfortex Window Fashions Custom Craft Company Gilmore Enterprises Inc. Hunter Douglas Inc. Julius Koch USA Inc. Lewis Hyman Inc. Lotus & Windoware, Inc. Main Fine USA Next Day Blinds Pier One Imports Richview by Tehdex Royal Window Coverings USA Springs Window Fashions Superior Window Shades Value City Department Stores Vista Products, Inc. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc In addition to the efforts of the above, state health departments, children's hospitals, and housing authorities around the country, the following organizations have also joined WCSC in promoting window- covering safety. Window Coverings Association of America International Mass Retailers Association American Medical Association National Safe Kids Campaign chapters American Society of Safety Engineers National Apartment Association Independent Retailers (not members of Window Covering Safety Council) The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission is charged with protecting the public from unreasonable risks of injury or death associated with the use of thousands of types of consumer products under the agency’s jurisdiction. Deaths, injuries, and property damage from consumer product incidents cost the nation more than $1 trillion annually. CPSC is committed to protecting consumers and families from products that pose a fire, electrical, chemical or mechanical hazard. CPSC's work to help ensure the safety of consumer products - such as toys, cribs, power tools, cigarette lighters and household chemicals -– contributed to a decline in the rate of deaths and injuries associated with consumer products over the past 40 years. Federal law bars any person from selling products subject to a publicly-announced voluntary recall by a manufacturer or a mandatory recall ordered by the To report a dangerous product or a product-related injury go online to www.SaferProducts.gov or call CPSC's Hotline at (800) 638-2772 or teletypewriter at (301) 595-7054 for the hearing impaired. Consumers can obtain news release and recall information at www.cpsc.gov, on Twitter @OnSafety or by subscribing to CPSC's free e-mail newsletters.

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In the 21st century, we need skills to solve complex problems and address challenges that do not have one answer and cannot be distilled into mathematical equations or contained by traditional borders. And with the rise of automation, skills that machines and robots simply can’t do—skills that are “unautomatable”—become all the more important. That’s where curiosity comes in. People who are curious are better able to identify what fascinates them, allowing them to nurture that fascination and create new solutions. Want to become a more curious person? One easy way is to rethink the way you have conversations and focus on asking better questions. Organizations like the Right Question Institute help people do exactly this, with clear guidance and details. But it’s easier than that; there are simple exercises you can do to get started. For example, pick a topic and ask as many questions as you can about it in five minutes. Don’t judge; just ask. Chances are great that this will help to not only organize your thinking but also to spur new ideas, connections … and even answers. If you’re hungry for more tips on how to cultivate curiosity, take a look right here. READ MORE Aloe Cadabra – each tube is carefully filled over 95% Full of Organic Aloe Vera to moisturize and sooth.

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Places Plants and Animals Live Informational (nonfiction) 100 words, Level E (Grade 1), Lexile 260L.This book introduces students to the various environments of animals and plants on Earth. Animal cards are provided for students to cut apart and place in the appropriate environment in the book. Repetitive phrases and high-frequency words support early readers. Printable and Projectable Book at Raz-Plus.com Use of Raz-Plus.com materials requires the purchase of a subscription to Raz-Plus.com.

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King of Mars An Australian geologist’s role in NASA’s latest mission Early on the morning of August 6, a group of scientists held their breath as Curiosity, NASA’s latest Mars rover, streaked through the thin Martian atmosphere in ball of fire. One of those scientists was Dr Penny King a geologist currently working at the Australian National University. “It’s the opportunity of a lifetime to be involved in a mission that explores new areas in our solar system,” Dr King says, “And based on past missions, we expect to find out that the Martian surface is more diverse and interesting than we could ever have imagined.” Although the possibility of life on Mars is a strong driver for exploration of the red planet, Curiosity’s primary mission isn’t to look for that life directly. Instead, it will assess how suitable the environment of Mars is for supporting life either in the present or at some point in the distant past. Dr King is part of a small team of scientists that will be working with one of the instruments on curiosity, the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS), which is sponsored by the Canadian Space Agency. The APSX’s job is to identify elements present in rocks enabling geologists to identify those rocks and build that information into a detailed picture of the geological history of Mars. The APSX works by bombarding the exposed rock surface with alpha particles and x-rays generated by a radioactive Curium 244 source in its probe. The radiation causes the atoms of the rock to emit their own characteristic x-ray signature rather like fluorescent paint glowing under ultraviolet light. By looking at the peaks in the returned spectrum, scientists like Dr King can determine the composition of the rocks and identify other materials that may be on the surface of the rocks. “This is the third mission on which an APXS has been used so it has a well established and successful record. This latest version will have a couple of advantages over the previous ones though.” One is that the detector stage will have active cooling which will increase the rate at which measurements can be made and enable the detector to work round the clock. The other is a contact sensing tip. “This enables us to know with great accuracy the distance from the radioactive source to the sample rock.” Dr King says,” And that will make it possible to use some tricks in the science to detect the presence of light elements like oxygen that don’t directly show up in the fluorescence signals.” Analysing data from Curiosity isn’t a simple matter though. “Mars has very different chemistry to the Earth with lots of sulphur, chlorine and bromine.” Dr king says, “You can’t think about Earth processes. It’s a kind of mind game, you have to put aside a lot of what you know about geology on Earth and keep thinking ‘Mars’.” To solve this complex analysis puzzle, the scientists will not have to rely on APSX alone. It will be complemented by a battery of other on-board science tools including a laser that can vaporise points on the surface of rocks and spectrometers that analyse the resulting flash for chemical signatures in the visible and near infrared spectrum. From a geologists point of view, the best place for Curiosity to explore is an area known as Gale Crater in which there are some deep ravines that expose rocks from various points in Mars’ geological history. But there’s a catch. None of the existing Mars landing techniques could safely drop the rover with such precision into a deep crater. So NASA came up with something entirely new and perhaps a little crazy. Hitting the atmosphere at around 20,000 km/h the lander was initially slowed by friction with the thin Martian atmosphere, deploying a heat shield to protect the rover. Once the speed was down to around 1000 km/h, a supersonic parachute opened reducing its speed to 200km/h. Finally a rocket descent stage took the rover close to the surface from where it was gently lowered to the ground on a tether. In the end it was the NASA engineers that had the last laugh. Crazy or not, it worked! But pinpointing a specific landing zone was just one of the reasons for reinventing the way probes are landed on Mars. “If we’re really going to get to grips with all that’s going on with Mars and any biology there, the holy grail is sample return.” Dr King explains, “If we can get Mars rocks back in the labs here on Earth, we’ll be in a much better scientific position. Now if you want to land a sampling vehicle then have it take off again, you have to be able to soft land it in a very specific level place.” “The trouble with bouncing ball landing systems is it’s a lot like golf – your lander tends to end up in a hole! So apart from its own science mission, the curiosity landing technique was a great test of a system that has the potential to land a vehicle that can then blast off again and ultimately return samples to Earth.” Dr King will be spending the first 90 days of the mission in the USA uploading instructions to curiosity and selecting targets for analysis. “ We’re operating on the Martian day,” she says, “And that’s about 40 minutes longer than an Earth day. So over the course of the mission our shift schedules drift later and later.” “The Curiosity rover will search for life, specifically traces of organic matter. We will take a close look at the Gale Crater which likely has some of the ingredients that we think are important to life including water, energy and carbon, as well as rocks that might preserve organic matter,” Dr King says. Of course with increasing numbers of probes being sent to Mars, one of the key things that has to be avoided is accidental contamination of Mars with microorganisms from Earth hitching a ride aboard the spacecraft. “There are actually quite strict international agreements in place to prevent that happening,” Dr King explains, “Any vehicle that will land on Mars has to be cleaned and sterilised to very exacting standards.” Even the flight path was chosen with contamination avoidance in mind - the spacecraft’s trajectory aiming to miss the planet. At the last minute a correction manoeuvre directed the lander towards Mars whilst the remaining propulsion stage cruised off into space. That way if there was a malfunction, the entire craft would head off into deep space rather than crashing on and potentially contaminating Mars. It’s not likely that we’ll be meeting any little green men soon, but the possibility of an encounter with microbial life from another planet grows stronger with each mission. As does the complexity and ingenuity of the spacecraft design.

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0–18 years: guidance for all doctors This piece of guidance will help you make decisions that are ethical, lawful and for the good of children and young people from birth to their 18th birthday. Acting in the best interests of the child or young person should be the guiding principle in your decision making. But identifying their best interests can be challenging. This guidance sets out ways to explore what’s important to the young person and how to involve their family and others close to them in sensitive and complex decisions. It also gives advice on approaches to communicating effectively across the team and with the child and their family or carers to make sure you gather relevant information. This guidance will help you decide what to do if parents want to access their child’s medical records or where there’s a disagreement about treatment options. And it gives details of when you can provide contraceptive, abortion and STI advice and treatment, without parental knowledge or consent, to young people under 16. There’s also a section dedicated to helping you assess a young person’s capacity to consent, and what to do if a young person refuses treatment. The section on confidentiality stresses how important it is that children and young people are able to access care in confidence. But it also recognises there may be times when you have to share information, particularly if the welfare of a child or young person is at risk. This guidance was updated on 8 April 2018. We amended paragraph 56 and removed paragraphs 57–63 which refer to child protection, as this is covered in our guidance Protecting children and young people: the responsibilities of all doctors. The remaining paragraphs have been re-numbered. This guidance was updated on 25 May 2018 to reflect the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation and Data Protection Act 2018. Download the guidance You can download the guidance in English or Welsh.

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The distance you plant English laurel hedges (Prunus laurocerasus) depends on the desired effect you want in the landscape -- whether you want a living privacy fence or a windbreak, for example. These shrubs, which grow in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 6 through 9, reach heights of 12 feet and can spread 8 feet wide when left unpruned. The shrub works well in the landscape to fill in large areas or pruned back to fit in smaller spaces. Spacing for Privacy The English laurel's fast growth rate -- up to 3 feet per year once established -- means that the shrubs create privacy for the landscape within a few seasons. The shrubs should be spaced 4 to 5 feet apart, measuring from center to center, so there is ample room for the growing plants. This spacing is for shrubs that grow freely, without pruning. You can plant the shrubs closer together if you prune them each year. Creating a Windbreak Left to grow freely, the English laurel hedge works well as a windbreak when you plant two rows of shrubs approximately 2 feet apart. The second row must be staggered behind the first row so the combined planting pattern of the two rows looks like a zigzag. The windbreak spacing gives you about 16 feet of hedgerow thickness when you do not prune the shrubs. This means that the noise from neighbors or the road is reduced by approximately 32 decibels. The human voice ranges from 30 to 60 decibels. Vehicles on the road can range up to 80 decibels. If you live beside a busy highway, plant a third row of English laurel shrubs to decrease the sound level another 16 decibels. Plant the third row about 2 feet behind the second row of shrubs so it is in line with the first. The height and width of the English laurel shrub makes it a good choice for hiding unsightly structures in the landscape, such as a utility meter or fuel tank. Two or three shrubs planted in front of the structure should be spaced 4 to 5 feet apart in a row to conceal about 24 feet of space. Keep the hedgerow at least 6 to 8 feet away from the structure so you can work around the shrubs and their growth does not interfere with the structure. - Monrovia: English Laurel - Landscape Architecture Blog: Plant of the Week: Prunus Laurocerasus - University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program: Laurel - Clemson University Cooperative Extension: Laurel - Nursery Trees.com: Laurel Hedges - The University of Tennessee Cooperative Extension: Evergreen Trees for Screens and Hedges in the Landscape - Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service: Hedges - Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images

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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy MRS is a relatively new technique that, by enabling measurement of ATP, lactate levels, and pH at discrete locations within the brain [Dunbabin DW, Sandercock PAG, 1991], can distinguish areas that have no viable neurons from areas that may be salvageable (i.e., the ischemic penumbra) [Feiber SR, et al. J Neurol. 1990;237:156]. DWI involves measuring the diffusion of water molecules over short distances. The apparent diffusion coefficient of water is reduced in areas of ischemia within minutes after onset. DWI studies obtained 2 to hours after stroke onset have demonstrated the ischemic region, while standard MRI studies did not. Subsequent MRI and CT scans confirm the nature of the abnormal areas on the DWI study. Thus, DWI can detect areas of ischemic brain injury more quickly than standard MRI or CT. This technique may substantially improve the initial diagnostic accuracy and potentially provide a method for evaluating the effects of the therapeutic interventions on the ischemic region [Minematsu K, et al. Neurology. 1993;43:397-403. Lo EH, et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1994;14:597-603]. Perfusion imaging is usually performed by injecting a contrast agent and then obtaining a rapid series of MRIs using an ultrafast technique. The images track the passage of the contrast agent through the brain. This technique can be used to assess cerebral blood flow and blood volume in various brain regions. Ultrafast MRI techniques are currently used in research setting [Minematsu K, et al. 1993].

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According to a recent study, half of parents are unaware that their children are having suicidal thoughts. The study surveyed 5,000 adolescents aged 11-17 and asked them questions including whether they had ever thought about killing themselves and whether they ever thought a lot about death or dying. The parents of these same children were asked questions about their child's thoughts on suicide and death/dying. According to the study, 50% of the parents surveyed had no idea that their children had considered suicide and 76% of parents did not know that their children frequently thought about death or dying. The study also showed that, as children got older, parents were less likely to be in denial about their children's suicidal thoughts. This may mean that younger adolescents are not getting the help they need. There were differences among the genders as well. Parents were more likely to be aware of their daughter's suicidal thoughts and less aware of their son's. In addition, fathers were less likely to be aware of suicidal thoughts when compared to mothers. Need for Help The study highlights the urgent need for children to get help with mental health issues from an early age. Primary care physicians and pediatricians should receive training on risk factors for suicide and how to identify mental illness in children. Doctors should routinely screen all children for depression and suicide risk. There should also be resources available in schools to connect children with mental health treatment. In addition, parents need to pay attention to the signs that even their young children may be showing. According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, warning signs of suicidal thoughts include withdrawal from friends and family, sleeping too much or too little, irritable or aggressive behavior, and use of alcohol and drugs. It can be tough for parents to discern whether their children are having suicidal thoughts and, in some cases, parents may be in denial. Suicidal thoughts are scary, and parents may not want to acknowledge the problem. It’s important for parents to overcome this denial and get their children the help they need. If you or a loved one has a mental disability and has been arrested or convicted of a crime, you need an experienced criminal defense attorney on your side. Elizabeth Kelley specializes in representing individuals with mental disabilities. To schedule a consultation call (509) 991-7058.

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- 1 What’s The Difference Between Stress And Anxiety? - 1.1 What is Stress? - 1.2 What is Anxiety? - 1.3 What are the Physical Differences Between Stress and Anxiety? - 1.4 Can Stress Cause Anxiety? - 1.5 What Are The Symptoms of Stress? - 1.6 What Are The Symptoms of Anxiety? - 1.7 How Dangerous is Stress and Anxiety? - 1.8 What are the Common Triggers for Stress and Anxiety? - 1.9 How to Manage Stress? - 1.10 How to Manage Anxiety? - 1.11 How to Recognize the Difference Between Stress and Anxiety? - 1.12 Can Stress Turn Into Anxiety? - 1.13 What Role Does Genetics Play in Stress and Anxiety? - 1.14 Can Food Affect Stress and Anxiety? - 1.15 Can Physical Activity Help Reduce Stress and Anxiety? - 1.16 How Does Medication Help Manage Stress and Anxiety? - 1.17 How Long Does it Take to Manage Stress and Anxiety? - 1.18 Final Thoughts What’s The Difference Between Stress And Anxiety? Stress and anxiety are two common words used interchangeably to describe the feeling of being overwhelmed or uneasy. However, as similar as they may sound, they are two different experiences, and understanding their differences can help you address your emotions more effectively. In this article, we will explain precisely what stress and anxiety are, their impacts on the human body and mind, signs to recognize them, and how to cope with them. What is Stress? Stress is a natural response of the human body to a threat or a challenge. It is a physical and emotional reaction to a situation that requires the body to respond quickly. In other words, it is a regular part of life, and it can be helpful and motivating in mild doses. However, excessive and prolonged stress can become harmful and lead to serious health problems. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), chronic stress can cause anxiety, depression, heart disease, high blood pressure, and other illnesses. What is Anxiety? Anxiety, on the other hand, is a persistent and intense feeling of fear, worry, or unease that comes without any external threat or danger. Unlike stress, anxiety does not disappear once the threat or challenge is gone. Instead, it lingers and can cause significant discomfort and worry, affecting the quality of life. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), anxiety disorders are the most common mental health condition in the United States, affecting around 40 million adults annually. What are the Physical Differences Between Stress and Anxiety? Stress stimulates the body’s natural ‘fight-or-flight’ response, preparing it to respond to danger. The body releases hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which increase the heart rate, raise blood pressure, and stimulate the nervous system. In contrast, anxiety produces similar physical symptoms as stress, but it does not require a threat or danger to activate them. Anxiety’s symptoms are a constant feeling of tension, muscle tension, trembling or shaking, sweating, and gastrointestinal issues. Can Stress Cause Anxiety? Yes, chronic stress can lead to anxiety. The body’s constant exposure to stress can create a ‘hypervigilant’ state, where the individual is constantly on edge and expecting danger. This can lead to chronic anxiety, where even minor triggers can create an intense reaction. What Are The Symptoms of Stress? Stress affects individuals differently and can manifest in various ways. Here are some of the most common physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms of stress: - Low energy and fatigue - Muscle tension and headaches - Digestive problems - Heart palpitations and rapid breathing - Difficulty concentrating - Negative thoughts - Confusion and disorientation - Irritability and mood swings - Anxiety and worry - Depression and sadness - Low self-esteem and self-doubt What Are The Symptoms of Anxiety? Similar to stress, anxiety can manifest in several ways. The physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms of anxiety include: - Rapid heart rate and increased breathing - Sweating and shaking - Muscle tension and pain - Gastrointestinal issues - Fatigue and weakness - Constant worrying and obsessive thoughts - Difficulty concentrating - Severe self-doubt - Fear and panic - Irritability and restlessness - Feeling overwhelmed and helpless - Depression and sadness - Low self-esteem and low confidence How Dangerous is Stress and Anxiety? Stress and anxiety, when left untreated, can lead to severe physical and mental illnesses. Chronic stress can cause heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems. Anxiety can lead to depression, suicidal thoughts, and severe panic attacks. Therefore, it is essential to seek medical help at the onset of any of these conditions. What are the Common Triggers for Stress and Anxiety? Different situations or factors can trigger stress and anxiety. Here are some of the most common triggers for these conditions: - Pressures at work - Crowded places and traffic - Financial problems - Relationship problems - Illness or injury - Personal or family history - Traumatic experiences such as abuse and violence - Phobias and fears - Stressful events - Chronic illnesses How to Manage Stress? The goal of managing stress is to minimize the negative effects on the body and mind. Here are some effective ways to manage stress: - Regular exercise - Meditation and mindfulness - Getting enough sleep - Avoiding alcohol and drugs - Managing time and prioritizing tasks How to Manage Anxiety? Managing anxiety involves understanding its triggers, seeking medical help, and making lifestyle changes. Here are some effective ways of managing anxiety: - Identifying triggers - Seeking therapy and counseling - Meditation, yoga, or other relaxation techniques - Avoiding caffeine and alcohol - A healthy diet with whole foods How to Recognize the Difference Between Stress and Anxiety? While it can be challenging to distinguish between the two initially, stress is usually tied to a specific event or trigger, while anxiety can be a more constant feeling that lingers and causes discomfort without any specific reason. If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, it’s essential to seek medical help to determine the root cause. Can Stress Turn Into Anxiety? Yes, if not managed well, chronic stress can lead to anxiety and depression. However, stress is a natural response to trigger situations, while anxiety is an almost constant feeling of worry and discomfort, regardless of whether there is an actual trigger. What Role Does Genetics Play in Stress and Anxiety? There is a link between genetics and stress and anxiety. Research has shown that people with a family history of anxiety or depression are more likely to experience these conditions than those without. Can Food Affect Stress and Anxiety? Research suggests that eliminating certain foods, such as caffeine and sugar, and replacing them with healthier options such as fruits and vegetables, can help reduce symptoms of stress and anxiety. Can Physical Activity Help Reduce Stress and Anxiety? Yes, physical activity has been shown to reduce the symptoms of both stress and anxiety. Exercise helps produce ‘feel-good’ hormones such as endorphins that enhance mood and reduce tension and stress. How Does Medication Help Manage Stress and Anxiety? Medication for stress and anxiety can be prescribed alongside therapy and lifestyle changes. Antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications help reduce symptoms of anxiety by regulating neurotransmitters in the brain. How Long Does it Take to Manage Stress and Anxiety? The length of time to manage stress or anxiety depends on the individual and the severity of the symptoms. With regular therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication (if necessary), the symptoms can improve within a few weeks or months. While stress and anxiety are two common conditions in our daily lives, there are ways to manage them effectively. Identifying triggers, seeking medical help, and making small lifestyle changes can have a significant impact in reducing the symptoms of both conditions. Remember, it’s essential to seek help early before they cause long-term damage to your health and well-being.

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Altenhofen: Parents must aid babies’ development “One generation full of deeply loving parents would change the brain of the next generation, and with that, the world.” — Charles Raison Raising safe and healthy children is the most important responsibility of parents. Raising safe and healthy children is also one of the most important responsibilities of our society. Each of us has a vested interest, a huge stake, in the healthy development of every child, beginning even before the child is born. Because a child’s brain is just 40 percent developed at birth, this is when it has the maximum potential for growth and change. The experiences in a baby’s first 1,000 days are likely to determine the rest of her life. By the time a child is age 3 their brain is 80 percent developed. A child’s relationships and experiences during the early years greatly influence how her brain grows. That’s both good news and bad news. The good news is that we can have a positive influence on a child that will last a lifetime. The bad news is that if babies are abused or neglected in those first thousand days, the brain can never completely compensate for early deprivation. Our mission at Family Building Blocks is to prevent child abuse and neglect. We know that it is critical to work with families that have young children under the age of 6. We know the horror stories of child abuse, the physical harm inflicted on infants and small children. Less well-known are the stories of emotional neglect, where parents do not communicate with or play with their babies. Some mothers and fathers are too depressed or stressed or simply have never learned how to respond to a baby. But when parents are able to slow down and pay attention to a baby, most cannot resist returning the baby’s smiles, or mimicking those little baby noises. Communication between a parent and baby, even a newborn baby, is critical. Research on family interactions and learning shows us that 95 percent of what children remember and learn is based on social interactions. So it is vital for mom and dad to know how to talk to their baby, to coo and smile, and to get down on the floor and be playful. Babies are smart and can tell the difference between a responsive face and a blank face wiped clean of emotion. They know the difference between a real person and an image appearing on a television screen. Their feelings of security or fear develop before they can use words. There is hope for every child. There are concrete steps that families can take to stop the devastating effects of toxic stress on the brain. Good prenatal care for every pregnant woman, home visits for every newborn, quality early childhood experiences and ongoing education for parents in those first thousand days can break the cycle of abuse and neglect, and enable every child to live a life filled with promise. Interventions like those provided by Family Building Blocks are very effective, and cost-effective. Studies show that quality early childhood programs more than pay for themselves in increased graduation rates, reduced youth crime, and improved life-long health. The economic rate of return is a remarkable 8 to 1. One stark example of the benefit of investing early is this comparison: it costs $7,500 to enroll a child and family in FBB’s therapeutic classrooms and wraparound services; $28,000 in the event a child ends up in foster care; and if the child has an abusive childhood, makes terrible choices and is incarcerated as a juvenile, the economic cost to our community is $95,000 annually. Almost all of the families in FBB programs are here voluntarily – they want to give their children a better beginning than they had and break that intergenerational cycle of abuse and neglect. Imagine the courage it takes for a parent to come forward and say, “I need your help. I want to be a better parent and I am struggling.” These are parents who want to give their children a childhood they long to remember, not ones they desperately try to forget. If we are truly interested in maximizing our dollars, both public and private, we must invest early when costs are low and the potential for return is high. Thank you to the East Marion County community for embracing Family Building Blocks by supporting the sustainability of our Stayton facility, “Doris’s Place.” Doris’s Place was named for Doris J. Wipper, a longtime Stayton resident, whose love for her community and generosity continue to make an immense impact on children in the Willamette Valley. The Doris J. Wipper Fund through the Oregon Community Foundation has funded over $2,800,000 in scholarships and grants since its implementation in 2000. The fund’s trustees, Lee Wipper and Ted Freres, believe Family Building Blocks’ work in Eastern Marion County honors Doris’s desire to make a difference in the lives of youth in her community. Patrice Altenhofen, executive director for Family Building Blocks, can be reached at patrice@family buildingblocks.org, or call (503) 566-2132, ext. 304 Have a topic, issue or viewpoint pertinent to the Santiam Canyon you would like to share? The Stayton Mail welcomes letters to the editor up to 250 words, or submissions to the Canyon Voice section, from 600 to 750 words, on topics of broader interest. Contact Justin Much at (503) 769-6338 or firstname.lastname@example.org. Family Building Blocks FBB is a private, nonprofit organization that works to break the intergenerational cycle of child abuse and neglect by providing services for high-risk families with children six-weeks to five-years old, striving to keep children safe and families together. Visit: www.familybuildingblocks.org

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Now here’s something that you don’t see every day. The iconic Big Big clockface was due for a good scrub so they did what any owner of a Victorian era tower would do: they called in abseiling window washers to do the job. Here’s a closer shot from Jeremy Selwyn. They usually clean the clock face every four years. They spend the time inspecting and repairing cast iron joints and the opaque white glass in the four faces, all while hanging 60 meters from the ground. Each seven meter diameter clock face has 312 panes which can often become damaged by pigeons and bell vibrations. The clock still runs during the work but the hands don’t move until they’re finished. Here’s a video about the process: Editor’s Note: The tower is actually called Elizabeth Tower (it was renamed in honor of the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee in 2012). The big bell inside the clock is actually what is called Big Ben. But everyone – including most Londoners – called the whole tower Big Ben and that’s fine with us.

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Japan invaded Manchuria because they stated that the Chinese soldiers in Manchuria had ruined the Manchurian railway, which belonged to and was controlled by the Japanese.The invasion of Manchuria took place on September 18, 1931.Continue Reading The Japanese had several locations in South Manchuria secured within days. The League of Nations gathered in April of 1932 to discuss Japan and the region, and agreed that the Japanese needed to leave. It was reported that the Japanese had taken over and were "exercising de-facto control in South Manchuria." In February of 1933, the League of Nations called a special assembly and voted that the Japanese must leave the area. However, the Japanese simply left the meeting and did not leave Manchuria. There was not any country within the League of Nations that was prepared to place soldiers in the Manchuria area, and the group was unable to make a move. Shortly thereafter, on March 27, 1933, the Japanese told the League of Nations that they would be leaving the group. The Japanese did not leave Manchuria and continued to control it into the start of World War II, when the Soviet Union declared war on Japan by putting more than 1 million of their soldiers into Manchuria.Learn more about Modern Asia

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Late August is the appropriate time to celebrate this day because the harvest of garden herbs is at its peak. Most of the sodium we consume comes from processed foods. The rest comes from the salt added at the table and salt added while cooking. Limit the amount of sodium that you consume a day to about 1 teaspoon of salt. Read food labels. Choose foods that have the lowest Percent Daily Value for sodium. Look for labels such as “reduced sodium,”sodium free,” and “no salt added.” Choose fruits and vegetables as snacks instead of chips and crackers which can be high in sodium. No more salt shaker at the table. Instead of canned vegetables which are high in sodium, purchase frozen vegetables without sauces, which are low in sodium. Eat fresh/frozen lean cuts of meat, fish, and poultry. Season your food with spices and herbs. Use less salt and seasoned salt when you cook. Use spices and herbs or low sodium seasonings like sodium free bouillon or onion powder, garlic powder, and sodium free seasoning blends. Sprinkle lemon juice over vegetables. Season/marinate your meat,poultry, or fish ahead of time with garlic or your other herbs before cooking to bring out the flavor.

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Published: Friday, March 1, 2013 Updated: Friday, March 1, 2013 02:03 It’s easy in our busy lives to become mentally frenzied by our daily obligations. Stressors, such as financial pressures, schoolwork and job demands can encourage some to feel overwhelmingly negative about themselves and their situation. This burrowed pessimism can quickly manifest an unenthusiastic demeanor and unapproachable body language. While this negativity plagues us all from time to time, the best thing you can do when life is stressful is smile. Conjuring a fabricated grin can trick the brain, even if at the time you are paralyzed by stress. Regardless of if a smile is actually intentional, smiling causes a release of the feel-good neurotransmitter dopamine. According to Psychology Today columnist Dr. Gary Wenk, the human face is constructed with various fragile bones surrounding the sinuses. The muscles attached to these bones contract when one is happy or about to laugh. The slight distortion in these thin facial bones leads to increased blood flow to the prefrontal cortex, which is considered to be the seat of positive emotions in the brain. Although it may seem contradictory, faking a smile will increase the release of dopamine into the brain, producing feelings of euphoria and happiness. As American citizens, we are coexisting in an abundance of languages, cultures, practices and other diversities that make us differ individually. Smiling is a universal language which allows us to transcend cultural and conceptual boundaries. No matter what age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, faith, nationality or culture you may claim, a smile means the same thing. BBC estimated there are up to 7,000 different spoken languages around the world. Smiling is present in every single one. A smile is cost-free, easily portable and highly contagious. The part of your brain responsible for the smiling facial expression is the cingulate cortex, an automatic and unconscious response area. Every time you smile at someone else, their brain coaxes them to return the favor creating a symbiotic relationship that consents both parties to dopamine inebriation. Smiling makes you appear approachable, friendly and nonthreatening, even toward people you have never met or hardly know. According to a study done by researchers at Harvard University and the University of California, San Diego, when a person expresses happiness, a friend living close by has a 25 percent higher chance of reiterating cheerfulness. For a spouse, an 8 percent chance and for a next-door neighbor there’s a 34 percent chance. At these rates, what is the harm in spreading the love? Furthermore, smiling invites you to feel and appear more attractive to others. We are subliminally drawn to people who smile, as it is an unavoidable attraction factor. When people scowl and frown, those emotions have the capability to inflict stress on others, which could destroy their mood. According to Mary Marcdante and her “21-Day Smile Diet,” a smile can be recognized from 300 feet away, making it the easiest of all the human emotions to recognize. Smiling can also ease the tension of disagreement. By no means will a simple facial expression make said discrepancies magically disappear, but encouraging dopamine flow in the brain may result in more open-minded thinking that is less emotionally influenced and pride driven. It creates a supportive, positive, nurturing environment. Perhaps if powerful world leaders, diplomats, consultants and ambassadors were reminded of this effortless act, conflict would be eased in times of crisis and disagreement. The element of smiling and positive thoughts is something that should be further emphasized as we progress through the education system. As we age and mature, we become faced with more stress in our daily lives. If we can combat the ridiculous and never-ending strain life causes our minds, bodies and overall spirits with the simple act of smiling, shouldn’t we be reminded of this fact? To me, it seems a tremendous majority of people default to frowning or blank facial expressions as they go about their daily lives. Has humanity collectively forgotten how to smile? The energy of a smile is greatly underestimated: It is capable of sending ripples of good vibrations across the world. Kyle Hart is a senior in psychology. The opinions expressed in his columns do not necessarily represent those of The Daily Barometer staff. Hart can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org.

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New evidence supports mitochondrial donation News / Published: 8 June 2016 Wellcome researchers have found that a new IVF-based technique to reduce the risk of mothers passing on mitochondrial disease to their children is likely to lead to normal pregnancies. Mitochondrial donation involves transplanting the nuclear DNA of a recently formed embryo into the egg of a donor which contains healthy mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial disease is devastating and often life limiting. A vote in the House of Commons in February 2015 made the technique legal in the UK but no licence has yet been issued to a clinic. In a large study involving over 500 eggs from 64 donor women, researchers have found that the technique is likely to lead to normal pregnancies. There is also evidence that it will reduce the risk of babies having mitochondrial disease. The results of this study will be considered by an independent expert scientific panel convened by the UK’s regulatory body, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA). The HFEA will then decide whether to issue the first licence to a clinic. A licensed clinic would allow couples to decide whether to use mitochondrial donation to try to have healthy children.

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Achievement, not numbers, focus of district's desegregation By Kevin Drew Ann Marshall: Desegregation is a "whole value system." CNN's Dan Lothian looks back at the pivotal Supreme Court ruling that forced the integration of U.S. public schools and laid the foundation for the civil rights movement. (May 15) Federal desegregation monitor Ann Marshall on the meaning of desegregation. LITTLE ROCK, Arkansas (CNN) -- As it becomes increasingly more segregated, Little Rock School District is also inching toward complete desegregation. The apparent paradox comes from the conflicting public perception and court definition of what desegregation means. (Supreme Court rulings on desegregation) "It's really important not to think of desegregation as just a body count," said Ann Marshall, head of the federal Office of Desegregation Monitoring. "It's not just a matter of white kids and black kids sitting together. It's a whole value system" of equal chances for both races. Little Rock School District's progress toward being declared desegregated by the government has been slowed by the city's changing neighborhoods and disputes among local education and government leaders, experts say. The separation of races resulting from government action is unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has ruled. But separation resulting from families making voluntary choices about where to live is legal. "For some reason it seems so difficult to build a plan, and then work the plan," Marshall said. A June hearing will evaluate the school district's programs to improve and monitor the achievements of minority students - a federal requirement and an important step toward being declared desegregated. The district has a financial incentive to be declared desegregated. If it reaches that goal by June 30, the state will forgive a $5 million loan. But the path toward desegregation has been full of obstacles. As whites began to leave Little Rock's inner city and increasingly place their children in suburban and private schools, Little Rock School District's schools became increasingly African-American. In the early 1980s, it sued two other local school districts and the state of Arkansas for practices that hindered desegregation, and sought consolidation of the districts. Little Rock initially won its lawsuit, but the 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the decision supporting consolidation. "They've been defeated with certain desegregation efforts," acknowledges Harvard's Gary Orfield of the Little Rock School District. In the 1980s, Orfield had testified in the Little Rock consolidation case, and urged the city's school districts to merge. Local administrators today are focusing on attainable desegregation goals, Orfield says, such as continuing magnet school and student transfer programs. After the ruling not to merge school districts, a group of people who called themselves "Joshua Intervenors" sued the Little Rock district, saying it had not done enough to desegregate. The district and the plaintiffs agreed to a desegregation plan in 1998. A federal judge declared in 2002 that the district had substantially complied with most of its provisions, all except evaluating minority achievement programs. John Walker, attorney for the Joshua Intervenors, claims the Little Rock School District is operating separate tiers of education, with honors courses filled with white students, and basic courses primarily filled with minority students. "Our position is, after you spend $300 million or more on desegregation, all the stuff they have done should show better results," Walker said in an interview. Observers say a declaration of complete desegregation -- unitary in the legal term -- is likely another year or two away for Little Rock schools. The district will probably be told this summer to evaluate more programs for minorities, according to the federal court monitor of the district. "I think that they're (school district) going to have a lot of trouble convincing the court that they've evaluated enough, because they just haven't," explains federal monitor Marshall. Chris Heller, an attorney who represents Little Rock School District, noted Little Rock's white flight and said the school district has done all that can be expected. "It puts the (school) district in a difficult position, trying to become unitary in segregated residential patterns beyond the district's control."

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Sustainability for Sydney School Students April 26, 2017 Our growing population has called for greater environmental awareness amongst future generations. As we aim to engage in eco-friendly practices through our business, we also actively encourage members of the community to adopt eco-friendly practices in their daily lives. A newly established branch of Bingo Industries, Bingo Education, was created to teach Sydney school students to value the environment by behaving sustainably. As an ongoing initiative meeting curriculum requirements, we’ve collaborated with Planet Ark to teach local school students how they can make a global difference. Our exclusive partnership has enabled us to position ourselves as unique participants in the industry. We focus on the importance of the 3 R’s – reduce, reuse and recycle – at the essence of what we endorse. Students are taken on a recycling journey linked to syllabus outcomes. This grants meaningful experiences that link back to life-long learning and responsibility. What happens on a Recycling Excursion? - Exploring the recycling journey to physically see where their waste goes Firstly, a bus tour is held around our Auburn Recycling Centre. This gives Sydney school students the opportunity to ride around the most advanced and innovative recycling centre in the southern hemisphere! Students also get to see Big MRF- our exclusive recycling machinery. They then discover the process of disposing of building and construction waste once collected and how it is then handled. - Deconstructing a house and sorting out construction waste We’ve specifically designed and created a house for the program for students to break down the contents of. This also involves tipping the waste into a Bingo skip bin. In turn, students can come to understand what materials are recyclable. - Making a mini greenhouse out of recycled materials Using recyclables, students can then create their very own mini greenhouse. In transforming a bottle into a mini greenhouse, students can day by day see the seedling grow into a small plant. We encourage students to nurture the plant at home or at school. - Designing a sustainable house Students experience the process involved in “recycling a house.” They are then given the opportunity to design their own eco-house. The recycling excursion aims to empower students to care for their environment through simple steps. This is encouraged through basic exercises in school or home life. Drawing greater focus on the importance of environmental sustainability and the responsibility each individual holds, the program is not only enjoyable, but highly informative. Location : Bingo Central Auburn Start Time : 10:00 am Finish Time : 01:00 pm

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Lora Knight 2018 The belated application of gender analysis to nationalism studies is captured in an oft-quoted statement by Anne McClintock: Nationalism [is] radically constitutive of people’s identities, through social contests that are […] always gendered. But, if the invented nature of nationalism has found wide theoretical currency, explorations of the gendering of the national imaginary have been conspicuously paltry.’ (McClintock 1995, 353; see also: Abu-Laban 2009, for an argument that political science has continued this deficiency) Until the 1970s, nationalism studies were almost exclusively about men: male intellectuals and politicians who defined the nation for the public, and male revolutionaries or soldiers who attained and protected the nation, often claiming full political citizenship in return for their services. However, the fact of their gender and the connection between national and masculine identities was hardly acknowledged, much less interrogated until the 1980s. Ironically, seeing men as men was largely the result of asking where the women were. Mirroring the development of gender studies more broadly, the first steps toward an explicitly gendered understanding of nations and nationalism was an outgrowth of the interest in women’s and sexuality studies created by the sexual revolution and the women’s liberation movements of the 1960s and 1970s. Since the mid-1980s a growing recognition that the complexities of nationalism cannot be understood without an analysis of gender has been accompanied by an explosion of case studies from around the world. Nevertheless, much remains to be done in gendering the study of nations and in creating theoretical structures to organize new research in this area. The newness of the field, combined with the fact that most of the studies are of article- or chapter-length, makes it difficult to identify those that will have the greatest significance over the long-term. However, this review identifies a number of the most important contributions and examples of some of the newer trends emerging in this area of study. One early and of ongoing line of research has been the gendering of national belonging – analyzing the ways in which male and female citizenship has been differently defined in terms of rights and responsibilities. An early problem tackled by women’s historians was the relationship between women and the nation state, particularly in Western democracies. Historian Linda Kerber’s seminal article, for example, demonstrated that the early American republic created a role for women that deviated from the way that European Enlightenment philosophes had configured female citizenship. This role, which she termed ‘republican motherhood,’ grew out of the politicizing experiences of women during the American Revolution, which gave women a stake in the creation and perpetuation of the new nation. It did not include political rights in the public sphere, but it did concede to them a type of domestic moral authority and education that would allow them to raise sons and encourage husbands to virtuously exercise their masculine duties to the state (Kerber 1976). The concept of republican motherhood has since been extended to describe women’s relationships to other European states, especially France (Landes 1988). The historical trajectory of female citizenship, however, differs in most formerly colonized democracies that granted woman suffrage at the same time as men: at the time of national independence. Thus directly attached to independence movements, the interconnectedness of citizenship, nationalism and gender is perhaps even more apparent there than it is in the West (Walby 1992; Jayawardena 1986; Boehmer 2009). Sexed bodies have always been important to nationalist movements – especially as soldiering male and childbearing female bodies. One early work that treated this dyad was Anna Davin’s “Imperialism and Motherhood” (1978). In it she showed how British doctors, medical officers, politicians and middle-class reformers in the early twentieth century responded to a perceived threat that the numbers and fitness of soldiers was becoming insufficient to maintain the empire. They offered a variety of prescriptions, including pronatalist and maternalist social policies, education of working-class mothers, and eugenic proposals. Karen Offen, Mary Louise Roberts, and Cornelie Usborne investigated similar fears of national decline attached to shrinking birthrates and twentieth-century wartime deaths in France and Germany (Offen 1984; Roberts 1994; Usborne 1988). This literature overlaps with another focused more specifically on eugenics, which is concerned with biologically purifying and improving nations from within as well as drawing ‘racial’ boundaries to protect them from ‘aliens’. It was no coincidence that eugenics appeared the height of late nineteenth century western nationalism. However, it was truly an international movement that spread through much of the world (Stepan 1991; Dikötter 1998; Yuval-Davis 1997). Ranging anywhere from a fringe ideology to state policy, eugenic nation building is still in evidence in many societies today (Heng & Devan 1995; Brown & Ferree 2005). Although producing more and ‘fitter’ soldiers and mothers may seem like an almost predictable concern for nationalist movements, George L. Mosse posited a less obvious link between nationalism and sexuality – that nationalism actually absorbed late nineteenth century challenges to European social norms like homosexuality, masturbation, and bohemian, nudist and youth movements, and channeled them into ‘acceptable’ demonstrations of patriotism like the male camaraderie of the world wars and nationalistic motherhood (Mosse 1982; 1985). Mosse’s work focused predominately on men and has been followed by an avalanche of studies showing how masculine identities are entwined with nationalist movements and wars in a wide variety of places and circumstances (Valente 2010; Bederman 1995; Crow 2014; Eriksen 2017; McClintock 1995; Nagel 1998; Nagel 2017; Nauright 1992; Riabov & Riabova 2014). A more contemporary co-opting of sexual pluralities by nationalist projects is the phenomenon of homonationalism – a term coined by Jasbir K Puar in 2007 to describe racist strains of nationalism adopted by some circles within the gay right. This, she says, followed the rise of ‘homonormativity’ which included gay communities as (unequal) citizens into the body politic as defined against Islamic ‘outsiders’ to facilitate the war on terror (Puar 2007). Although rejected by most LGBTIQ movements, the phenomenon of homonationalism persists, as evidenced by the very visible support by some members of the gay community for U.S. President Donald Trump’s nationalist and anti-immigrant rhetoric. Recent work on sexual orientation-asylum cases and the way that regulation of homosexuality in Africa and Islamic countries has been treated in the western press continue to draw on Puar’s influential work (Jungar & Peltonen 2017; Llewellyn 2017; Murray 2017). Two pioneering works on women and nationalism appeared in 1989. One was Cynthia Enloe’s 1989 Bananas, Beaches, and Bases. In it she asserted that, although nationalism has ‘typically […] sprung from masculinized memory, masculinized humiliation, and masculine hope,’ nationalist movements cannot be understood apart from women’s experiences (Enloe 1989). Enloe argued that the calculus of nationalistic aggression – military, social, and economic – often overlooks women, who are enormously impacted by it. She showed how powerful national and transnational economic and political forces have constructed ‘third world’ women’s labor ‘cheap,’ and how sexuality supports the international order through women’s roles as tourists, diplomatic wives, and sex workers around foreign military bases. The second important work on women and nationalism that appeared in 1989 was a volume of essays edited by Nira Yuval-Davis and Floya Antias entitled Women-Nation-State containing ten essays by anthropologists, sociologists, and historians, who attempted to systematically explore how nations and nationalism have been gendered concepts (Yuval-Davis & Antias 1989). Setting the stage for the essays that follow, the editors located five major ways in which women participate in ethnic and national processes – as biological reproducers of members of ethnic collectives, as reproducers of the boundaries of ethnic/national groups, as participants in the ideological reproduction of the collectivity and transmitters of its culture, as signifiers of ethnic/national differences, and as participants in national, economic, political and military struggles. These five categories are overlapping and the authors did not claim that they were definitive. Indeed, Sylvia Walby added two missing categories – the gendered division of labor, and women’s work in maintaining boundaries in social hierarchies and between different ethnic and national groups within the state (Walby 1992). Elaboration on these themes has since remained fertile ground for gendered studies of nationalism. Rich scholarship surrounds the attempt to understand the meaning behind gendered national myths and the way that nations choose to represent themselves with symbols that are recognizably coded as either feminine or masculine. Lynn Hunt, for example, analyzed the familial imagery adopted by French revolutionaries constructing their nation as a brotherhood (Hunt 1992). Such family imagery has proven both appealing and powerfully useful in nation-building projects. Lauenstein has illustrated, for example, how familial language is incorporated into national anthems in ways that reinforce social hierarchies, prescribe social roles, and reify social phenomena as biologically determined (Lauenstein et al. 2015). According to George Mosse, women are most often used as the national symbol, ‘the guardian[s] of continuity and immutability of the nation, the embodiment of its respectability’ which is to be guarded by the male hero/soldier figure (Mosse 1985, 18). Others have demonstrated that the nation as female may be figured either as a mother or as a lover (Najmabadi 1997). But the soldier-heroes are not always male, and the gendering is not static and sometimes ambiguous (see, for example, essays by Smith-Rosenberg, Malečková and Novikova in Blom et al. 2000). Nationalists often use notions about ideal masculinity, femininity, and gender relations to claim their superiority over other groups, including patriarchal assertions that ‘we treat women better than they do’ (Chatterjee 1993). Scholars have also shown how normative western ideals of masculinity and femininity have been invoked as putative justification for denying the fitness of colonized peoples for self-government as, for example, in Mrinalini Sinha’s Colonial masculinity: the ‘manly Englishman’ and the ‘effeminate Bengali’ in the late nineteenth century (1997). Women’s role as reproducers of the boundaries of ethnic or national groups is likewise manifested in numerous ways. Women’s penetrable bodies have been seen to represent the boundaries between groups. This may have a positive function as women (and, less often, men) leave their natal group to marry and thereby strengthen diplomatic relations or cement alliances between groups. However, out-marriage can also threaten the security of the group and it leaves the interloping individual vulnerable to suspicion of disloyalty by both sides when the two groups quarrel. Hence, more ethnic, religious, cultural, racial groups and nations espouse endogamous marriage and sexual practices (Maxwell 2007). Sexual mores are nearly always stricter against women having relations outside the group – which may introduce ‘alien blood’ into the nation – than they are with men. This is seen, for example, by the persistence of states defining citizenship according to the husband’s nationality (in the U.S., for example, see: Cott 1998). Although their meanings vary to some extent by culture, wartime rapes and other sexual tortures committed by men against women represent a literal breach of national boundaries on the bodies of the victims. They also commonly include the intent to humiliate and emasculate enemy men who are unable to protect their property, family, and ethnic bloodlines. Speaking of systematic Serbian war rapes in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina between 1990 and 1995, including organized rape camps where women who survived were deliberately impregnated and then held until it was too late to abort their fetuses. Maria B. Olujic explains: In war individual bodies become metaphoric representatives of the social body [. . .]. War rapes reinforce the cultural notions of cleanliness and dirtiness associated with sexuality and ethnic affiliation. Through forced pregnancy resulting from rape, aggressors can ‘purify the blood’ of the attacked group by creating ‘ethnically cleansed’ babies belonging to the group of the invading fathers. (Olujic 1998, 39; see also Baines 2003, for a reading of rape in defining a ‘Hutu nation’ in Rwanda’s 1994 genocide; Ryan 2000 on the Anglo-Irish War, 1919-21; Harris 1993 on World War One France). Rape and sexualized violence against men during war, although less common, also assaults potent cultural self-definitions of masculinity, honor, shame, and kinship. At the same time, propaganda during both war and peace often focuses on the purported ‘deviant’ sexuality of enemy or ‘other’ nations. Wendy Bracewell, for example, claims that a pre-existing crisis of Serbian masculinity created by a stereotype of Albanian rapists contributed to the outbreak of the war in Yugoslavia and the sexualized violence that accompanied it (Bracewell 2000; see also: Maxwell 2005). One of the most controversial issues in the gendered study of nationalism, first raised by scholars in the 1980s, concerns the relationship between nationalistic particularism and an international feminism that sees itself engaged in a universal struggle for women’s emancipation and liberation. If, as Enloe first claimed in 1989, ‘when any nationalist movement becomes militarized […] male privilege in the community is likely to become even more entrenched’ (Enloe 2014, 112), why do many women participate, sometimes even in the most masculinist of projects as shown, for example, by Claudia Koonz in Nazi Germany (Koonz 1987; see also: Campbell 2012)? Numerous studies have established key roles that women have played in nationalist warfare, including both sides of imperialist and revolutionary anti-colonial struggles. Scholars wrestle with the questions of whether some women gain from national projects, and whether, or to what extent, women’s participation in nationalist projects can be empowering. In other words, is a ‘feminist nationalism’ possible, as Ranjoo Herr claims it is (Herr 2003; see also: Sinha 2000)? The conclusion of the authors of studies on sixteen revolutions in Africa, Asia, Afghanistan, Yugoslavia, the Middle East, and Latin America, for example, concur with Enloe in asserting that, although women’s participation in violent national liberation and reform movements is critical, their interests are generally subordinated and their activities go unrewarded (Tétreault 1994). Another important collection of studies published in 1997 found more mixed results (West 1997). Women’s motivations and experiences as active participants in nationalist movements is an ongoing subject of debate; it provides the focus of a number of studies in the 2018 collection of articles on gender and nationalism edited by Jon Mulholland (Mulholland et al. 2018). In many countries, women’s presence in positions of political power has increased significantly, if slowly, over the last several decades. A 2005 Occasional Paper authored by Amrita Basu for the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development reported on the status of women in relation to political parties and social movements in Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India. It asked what kinds of leadership roles women have played in those organizations and in elected office and what, if any, benefits have accrued to women individually or generally as a result of their participation. It noted that nationalist parties – most of which are ethnically and religiously based, were especially effective at mobilizing support through gendered appeals – especially through women’s symbolic presence (Basu 2005, 33). Updates on these countries and similar studies around the globe that examine how women in public and elective office might be affecting definitions of nation and national belonging would be welcome additions to the literature. In 1995, sociologist Cynthia Cockburn began a research project to study how two cross-ethnic/national women’s organizations were created and maintained by watching women interact within and between the Women’s Support Network in Belfast (an array of Catholic/Nationalist and Protestant/Unionist community organizations addressing women’s needs) and the Medica Women’s Association in Zenica (a medical and psychosocial project responding to the needs of Bosnian Muslim, Serb, and Croat women raped and traumatized by the 1992-95 war in Bosnia). She found that women in these groups could cooperate with each other while accepting varying attachments to nationalism in each other. However, all of the women who either did not reject nationalism outright, or actually identified themselves as nationalists, defined the term in an anti-essentialist, democratic, liberal and inclusive, way. Interestingly, many of these women claimed that theirs was a distinctively feminine type of nationalism that differed from men’s (Cockburn 2000). More recently, Jill Vickers has begun a project of testing theoretical hypotheses about the possible outcomes of affiliations between feminist and nationalist movements against actual case studies. She finds change over time within countries as well as differences between them and concludes that there are some instances where women’s affiliation with national projects has facilitated feminist goals, and warns of the dangers of relying on the Euro-centric biases of ‘modernist (i.e. equality as opposed to difference-based) feminisms (Vickers 2006).’ These cautions are extended and theorized by Leela Ferrnandes’ work on transnational feminism in the United States (Fernandes 2013). The project of understanding the relationship between feminism and nationalism is on-going, but seems to underscore the fact that both terms are historically and geographically contingent and diverse.

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Research paper topics, free example research papers Free research papers and essays on topics related to: translocation - 9 results found, view research papers on page: - Aids And Retroviruses - 1,286 words ... AP) to a cellular receptor. Receptor molecules can be proteins (glycoproteins), or the sugar residues present on glycoproteins or glycolipids. Some complex viruses, for example, Poxviruses and Herpesviruses may have more than one receptor-binding protein, therefore, there may be alternative routes of uptake into cells. The expression or absence of receptors on the surface of cells largely determines the tropism of most viruses, that is, the type of cell in which they are able to replicate. Penetration Unlike attachment, viral penetration is an energy-dependent process; that is, the cell must be metabolically active for this to occur. Three mechanisms may be involved: Tr ... Related: aids, genetic code, life cycle, immune system, replication - Bio Outline - 2,483 words ... lecule of glucose requires (1) 18 ATP 7.3 kcal/mole x 18 = 131.4 kcal (2) 12 NADPH 53 kcal/mole x 12 = 636 kcal (a) Note 53 kcal/mole - ref: Campbell pg. 178 for NADH to O2 H2 O (3) Takes 767.4 kcal to make 1 molecule of glucose (686 kcal) (a) 686/767.4 = 89% efficiency. F. PHOTORESPIRATION (Use Study Sheet) 1. Rubisco prefers O2 to CO2 2. If rubisco binds O2 a. Process uses 6 additional ATP b. Regenerates RuBP c. Produces a 2-C compound (instead of 3-C) d. This compound is sent to peroxisome and mitochondrion (1) converted to Glycerate (3C) (2) transported back to chloroplast (3) Uses ATP to convert to 3-PGAL 3. NET LOSS OF ENERGY 4. Some plants waste as much as 50% of the energy they ... Related: outline, compare and contrast, citric acid cycle, krebs cycle, acid - Cancer - 668 words Cancer Good morning ladies and gentlemen, my colleagues and I have called you in at such short notice because we need to discuss a patient who was brought to our attention earlier this week. The patient presented with rapidly progressing lymphadenopathy, subsequent examination lymph nodes congested with many small B-lymphocytes. The B-lymphocytes showed a significant chromosomal aberration in the form a 14;18 translocation. The patient has been diagnosed with lymphoma and has been prescribed an immediate course of chemotherapy. This mornings presentation will include a short description of the cell cycle and how and where certain checkpoints of genomic integrity function. My colleagues Assoc ... Related: cancer, good morning, protein synthesis, cell division, mutation - Chapter 10 Definitions - 556 words Chapter 10 Definitions autosome: any chromosome other than the sex chromosome base deletion: a mutation in which a nucleotide is lost from the DNA sequence base insertion: a mutation in which a nucleotide base is added to the DNA sequence carrier: an individual who is heterozygous for a recessive trait chromosome mapping: a method of determining the relative position of genes on a chromosome using information on crossover frequency crossing over: exchange of parts between two homologous chromosomes deletion: a mutation in which a chromosomal piece breaks off and is lost frame-shift mutation: a mutation in which a base deletion or insertion cause the genes message to be translated incorrectly ... Related: turner syndrome, sickle cell, cell disease, error, syndrome - Chemistry Research - 2,121 words Chemistry Research CHAPTER 32 The tallest tree is the Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) approx 110 m The tallest Angiosperm is the Australian Eucalyptus regnans Water Uptake and transport (Fig. 32.1) = water is essential because: transport solute, cool the body, photosynthesis and Turgor pressure Osmosis- movement of H2) through a semi-impermeable membrane Osmotic potential ( o)-depend on dissolve solute: Hi concentration means more negative o. Isoosmotic-two solution with same o; Hypoosmotic- solution that has a less negative o(more +) Turgor Pressure -hydraulic pressure result from water up take, cell turgid; analog to air pressure in a tire Water Potential ( )-Overall tendency of a solution ... Related: chemistry, respiratory system, nervous system, endocrine system, poison - Downs Syndrome, It Is One Of The Most Frequently Occurring Chromosomal Abnormalities Found In Humans Effecting People Of All - 1,868 words Down's Syndrome, it is one of the most frequently occurring chromosomal abnormalities found in humans effecting people of all ages, races and economic levels. It is a chromosomal anomaly in cell development that results in a person being born with forty-seven chromosomes instead of the normal forty-six chromosomes. People with Down syndrome may have mild to severe learning disabilities and physical symptoms, which include a small skull, extra folds of skin under the eyes, and a protruding tongue. Roughly one out of every one thousand children born making it the most common genetic disorder. Down syndrome affects over 350,000 people, in the United States alone. Down syndrome has plagued the h ... Related: chromosomal, down syndrome, downs, human body, human race, occurring - Grizzly Bears - 2,114 words Grizzly Bears Grizzly bears in British Columbia represent many things to different people. To a large percentage of the population, they represent all that is still wild about our province, a link to the past before humans came and logged much of the forests, put roads over the mountains, and dammed the rivers. This view of grizzly bears as somewhat of a 'flagship' species is reflected in the naming by environmental groups of the large wilderness area of the Central Coast as the Great Bear Rainforest. Certainly there are many other species that inhabit the coastal rainforests from the Upper Squamish Valley north to the Alaska Panhandle, such as blacktail deer, Pacific salmon, and grey wolves ... Related: bears, grizzly, planning process, management policy, commission - Ovarian Cancer - 2,150 words Ovarian Cancer Of all gynecologic malignancies, ovarian cancer continues to have the highest mortality and is the most difficult to diagnose. In the United States female population, ovarian cancer ranks fifth in absolute mortality among cancer related deaths (13,000/yr). In most reported cases, ovarian cancer, when first diagnosed is in stages III or IV in about 60 to 70% of patients which further complicates treatment of the disease (Barber, 3). Early detection in ovarian cancer is hampered by the lack of appropriate tumor markers and clinically, most patients fail to develop significant symptoms until they reach advanced stage disease. The characteristics of ovarian cancer have been studie ... Related: breast cancer, cancer, cancer institute, ovarian, ovarian cancer, prevent cancer - Ovarian Cancer - 2,095 words ... of segments of chromosomes (particularly 3p and 6q) in some tumors is consistent with a role for loss of tumor suppressor genes. Recently, a genetic linkage study of familial breast/ovary cancer suggested linkage of disease susceptibility with the RH blood group locus on chromosome 1p. Allele loss involving chromosomes 3p and 6q as well as chromosomes 11p, 13q, and 17 have been frequently observed in ovarian cancers. Besides allele loss, point mutations have been identified in the tumor suppressor gene p53 located on chromosome17p13. Deletions of chromosome 17q have been reported in sporadic ovarian tumors suggesting a general involvement of this region in ovarian tumor biology. Allelic ... Related: cancer, ovarian, ovarian cancer, lymph node, treatment programs - 9 results found, view research papers on page:

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In this article of Mechanicalland, we will show you how to draw arcs by selecting three points from sketching plane or surface with 3 Point Arc command in Solidworks. Solidworks has bunch of other arc drawing tools to draw arcs efficiently. Arcs are very important sketch feature to obtain desired 3D geometry in Solidworks. You can find lots of informative articles about Solidworks in Mechanicalland to learn Solidworks completely. Visit the main page! YOU CAN LEARN AutoCAD IN MECHANICAL BASE; Click And Start To Learn AutoCAD! How To Draw 3 Point Arcs In Solidworks? To draw this kind of arc in Solidworks sketching, click on little pop-up menu as shown by blue arrow above then click on 3 Point Arc command as in blue box above. After entering to the 3 Point Arc command in Solidworks, select a proper plane or feature surface to draw an arc. After entering to the 3 Point Arc command in Solidworks, click to select the first point of the arc as shown by blue arrow above. The L = 71.54 shows the arc length value according to your cursor location. This arc length value shows the distance between starting point and the ending point if three point arc in Solidworks sketching. We selected the first point as shown by blue arrow then seelcted the second point as shown by green arrow in 3 Point Arc. The third point will be selected in the arc itself to determine its curvature. You need to place your cursor according to this in Solidworks sketching. The arc is created as above with 3 Point Arc command in Solidworks sketching. You can click on For Construction option as in red box, that will turns the created arc into dashed line sketch as shown by red arrow above in Solidworks sketching. You can also enter the parameters of 3 Point Arc. You can enter the centerpoint, start and end points as shown in green box, also you can enter the angle value and radius of the arc from red box above. Drawing arcs with 3 Point Arc in Solidworks sketching is very easy like that. You can find other arc drawing methods in Solidworks. Click the link then see all of them! Leave a Reply

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How bright something appears in the sky is measured by a numerical quantity called magnitude. I use the term often, and explain it qualitatively in this post. But thought I should really quantify the concept. Magnitude is important for describing celestial objects, and a grasp of what it means will help you find your targets. Lower magnitudes (including negative numbers) are brighter objects. You might well ask “Why not just start at zero and go up from there?” Historically, that’s not the way it worked out. If you want to understand why that happened, follow the magnitude link above. If you’d rather go straight to the equation, here it is: |M1-M2|2.512 = the visual brightness ratio of M1/M2 [where M1 is the brighter object] Note that the expression “|M1-M2|” designates an absolute value. So drop any negative signs before raising the difference to the 2.512 power. A star of magnitude 1 is 2.512 times as bright as a star of magnitude 2, and a star of magnitude -1 is 2.512 times as bright as a star of magnitude -2. Magnitudes are measured on a logarithmic scale. A change of 1.0 in visual magnitude equates to a 251.2% change in brightness. Logarithmic scales are useful when you have to describe a really large range of numbers, and the range of brightness visible to the human eye is incredibly large. Scientists also use logarithmic scales to measure earthquake and sound level intensity. The graphic above shows a comparison of the brightest celestial objects visible to astronomers. The area of the circle is proportional to the brightness, so the amount of light sent to your eye from your monitor will correspond to how bright each object appears. To include the Sun, Full Moon, and fireball in the graphic, they had to be located “out of frame” and only partially shown. Compared to other celestial objects, they’re just too bright. I made the Iridium circle 100 pixels in diameter as a base of reference. That allowed me to simulate all the other objects of interest at a size visible on most displays. An Iridium flare is reflected sunlight from a communication satellite. If you’d like to try observing an Iridium flare, go here, enter your location, and then click on Iridium Flares. You’ll get a list of when and where to watch for them. If the terms azimuth and altitude aren’t clear to you, go here. FYI: The Sun is sized at 1700 pixels, the Moon at 230 pixels, and the fireball at 480 pixels. But that’s an “average” fireball. Their brightness is limited only by their size. And because they’re so rare and brief, there are very few accurate brightness measurements recorded. The recent Chelyabinsk fireball hit magnitude -27.3, which means it was brighter than the Sun. The other objects in the graphic scale down from there to the faintest star your eyes can see (labeled “star”), which is about 1 pixel on my chosen scale. Whether you can even see that “star” will depend on your monitor size and eyesight. Sirius, by comparison, is the brightest star in the sky. The planets included are shown at their maximum brightness. You may already know that planets vary in brightness over time, depending mostly on their distance from Earth. By coincidence, Mars (which is smaller and less reflective) has about the same maximum brightness as Jupiter. This is because Mars is so much closer to Earth. The “supernova” shown is the brightest ever recorded, and was bright enough to see during daylight. Its magnitude was estimated based on written records. The star exploded in 1006 and was at a distance of 7200 light years. Known officially as SN 1006, the expanding remnant of that explosion is still being studied by astronomers. You can see an amazing image of that supernova remnant here. The final object chosen was the International Space Station (ISS). It also varies in brightness during any given pass depending on the angle between its solar panels (the most reflective part) and the Sun. The value used (M = -5.9) is as bright as it can get under ideal conditions. If you’ve ever seen it, you know how bright the ISS can get. If you haven’t, check out my 11 Nov 2013 Sky Lights to learn how to spot it. Everything else you can detect with your unaided eye (stars, nebulae, other planets) is between magnitude -1 and +6, and that includes thousands of objects. But by comparing objects spanning a larger range of brightness, it’s easier to convey the meaning of “magnitude.” Next Week in Sky Lights ⇒ Waterfall in the Sky

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Of course there's no blueprint or formula for parenting. But kids need several things: They need love and security from their parents. They also need independence and an opportunity to take risks. And sometimes, families may get into situations when parents may have to set limits, boundaries, and even discipline their children. When approaching discipline here are some tips from the Incredible Years program, which was developed by Dr. Carolyn Webster-Stratton. Responsive and nurturing parenting - All children are different, and every situation is different. - Parents should be sensitive to the needs of their kids in various situations. - Children pick up cues from their parents, so parents need to think and act positively. - Children will strive for attention from others, so parents should give attention to positive behaviours. - If children don’t receive positive attention, they’ll strive for negative attention. - It’s normal for children to have behavior problems, and they are likely to be controlled if they are managed appropriately. Setting limits and discipline - Parents should keep the big picture in mind. They should nurture a child's emotional and social development as well as their ongoing relationship with their children. - Power and responsibility are not equally distributed between children and adults. - When parents set limits and provide structure, children learn self control and how to balance their wishes against those of others. - Children can’t solve problems alone, so they need help from their parents to make decisions and provide behaviour control. - Parents must find a balance and use their power responsibly by determining which problems need discipline and close monitoring, and which can be left up to their children. - When using discipline, parents should develop an ethical approach that teaches their children that there are consequences for misbehaving, while letting them know they are loved and expected to do better next time. - If children are never given any control in family relationships, power struggles will occur and children will strive to get control in inappropriate ways. Practice makes perfect - Parenting is a process for both parents and children. - Parents, like children, learn, experiment, and make mistakes all the time. - It's important for children to see their parents continuing to learn and cope in effective ways. - If parents are confident and ready for inevitable problems, they will trust their instincts. - Consistency is a virtue but not when it becomes an inflexible policy. There should be room for flexibility and creativity. - Parents must invent their own parenting style that will work best for them. - Parents need to have faith in their children. - Parents should have fun with their children.

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14" x 14" Matthew 6:26 Behold the fowls of the air: for they sow not, neither do they reap, nor gather into barns; yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not much better than they? Silk painting originated in China, going back to 2600 BC. Long before paper was invented/made, silk was a medium on which to paint. Silk is durable, portable, and readily rolled for travel.

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A mathematician would probably find the imprecision of precise orbital time a little frustrating. A second can be defined as "the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom" A 24 hour day is 86 400 of those, well, more or less. A problem that early time-keepers ran into was that the length of the day varied based on the time of year. Earth does a complete rotation in about 23 hours, 56 minutes, so, the rotation really doesn't factor into it directly, but because Earth orbits the sun about 1 degree of arc every 24 hours, an apparent solar day is has been defined as 24 hours long for centuries. Days are shorter than that when the earth is closer to the sun, at perihelion, (by about 20 seconds) and days are longer than the 24 hour average by about 30 seconds at aphelion. Not enough for anyone to notice unless they were measuring solar time very precisely. So a day has to be averaged out, called a mean solar day, and that's what 24 hours was based on. The problem is, Earth's rotation is slowing down. The Moon is very gradually slowing down the rotation of the Earth by tidal interaction, so an average day is currently about 86 400.002 seconds. Leap seconds are added almost every year and in the future, leap seconds will be added more often. Officially a day is still 86 400 seconds, and when a leap-second is added, the "leap-day" is 86 401 seconds. But you could use either number for number of days in a year, average day (currently 86 400.002) or SI day* (86 400). As I understand it, a year is usually measured in 86 400 second days or SI days, not "average" days, but it's important to be specific about which one you're using. I've seen the occasional article that says that 200 million years ago a year was about 400 days long. That's clearly using average says, not SI days. And if you live in high altitude, your clock will run even faster and a day will run a tiny bit longer thanks to relativity but . . . lets not even go there for the calculations). A solar year, based on the position of the sun and the precise time of the solstice of your choice, which is a precise and momentary alignment. The length of a solar year changes a bit on a year-to-year basis. The position of the moon and gravitational perturbations from other planets, affect Earth's period of rotation a little bit, so like the day, the year should be averaged out also. Modern leap-year calendars adjust days to years quote well, but not to the accuracy you're asking about. Looking at the time of recent summer solstices (I've copied them down below for the June solstice). There's as much as 15 minutes variation in the length of a year over this 11 year sample. That's not because Earth's orbit is permanently changing. These are mostly fluctuations due to the Moon and nearby planets. An "average year", or mean tropical year, is currently about 365.2422 86 400 second days and if you want to get more accurate, 365.2421897 days on 1 January 2000. Formula in the link for adjusting to different years. I suspect, but I'm not 100% certain that the Earth's mean tropical year moves back and forth with some of Earth's Milankovich cycles. It's not slowing consistently in the sense that a day is slowing due to the Moon's gravity and inverse tidal force. According to Kepler's laws, the orbital period is based mostly on Earth's semi-major axis. The problem is that Kepler's laws aren't 100% accurate. Relativity is a factor when you try to pinpoint a year precisely to the second and variation in eccentricity, which affects Earth's orbital speed and the precise timing of an average year. What I know about orbital stability, is that Earth's semi-major axis changes very little, even during the Milankovich cycles, and orbital projections say, that it will probably change little even over time-frames of millions of years. The Sun is also losing mass, which should slow the Earth's orbit over time, but that effect is also very tiny. Over millions of years, it's thought that the length of a year doesn't change very much. The length of a day, over time-periods that long, changes quite a bit more rapidly. An unanticipated orbital change is always possible, but not thought to be likely. Orbits don't leave much in the way of track-able footprints, so they're hard to pinpoint over long periods of time and are mostly estimated by mathematical models so, take with a grain of salt, but models do suggest that a year is pretty much constant even over periods of millions of years. For further reading, maybe start here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_time Hope that helps. Some of the math gets kinda tricky. - Thanks zephyr. I wasn't familiar with that term.

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Writings - Five contemporary artists explore language, meaning and inscription The visual impact of writing assumed particular significance in 20th century art. Two South American artists, Rafael Barradas and Torres-García, incorporated letters and numbers into their drawings early in the century. Barradas wrote entire sentences and onomatopoetic words in order to introduce sound into visual art, i.e. “klaac klaac” for the sound of a trolley. Torres-García inserted symbols and words in his Barcelona and New York cityscapes and later on, written in an alphabet of his own invention into compartments within the structures of his constructive works. One of the first exhibitions devoted to exploring different approaches to the use of writing, as well as the ambivalence created by the tension between the descriptive function of writing and the abstract form it takes in Modern art, was Schrift und Bild (“Art and Writing”), organized in 1963 by the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam. Torres-García and León Ferrari were the only South American artists included in the exhibition. Drawn writing is the preferred mode of expression, innovation, and subversion for León Ferrari (Argentina 1920), one of Argentina’s most distinguished conceptual artists. Before he began to draw, Ferrari made ceramic pieces, as well as sculptures out of metal wire. His obsession with the act of writing began in 1962, with Dibujos escritos. “I draw silent words written by hand, which say things with lines that are reminiscent of voices,” Ferrari explains, “and I write drawings that recite memories words cannot describe. Ferrari went through prolonged periods in which he stopped drawing in order to devote himself completely to political protest. In 1965, he created La Civilización Occidental y Cristiana, a 6-foot sculpture that has the Christ figure being crucified on a U.S. fighter plane; its title comes from Ferrari’s reaction to the argument that the Vietnam War was intended “to defend Western Christian civilization.” Even today it is one of his most controversial and emblematic images. Ferrari was aware of the dual nature of his work: “I have made and make two types of works. Some have no ethical intent—paintings, abstract drawings, steel sculptures, etc., in others, I use aesthetics to question the ethics of Western culture.” The drawings exhibited here were executed after Ferrari went into exile in Brazil in 1976, where he resumed the drawing and sculpting that was interrupted in 1965. Los condenados de Santo Tomásis a calligraphic work that denounces certain religious precepts. Ferrari believes that violence in the West originates in biblical texts and perpetuates itself with threats of punishment and hell. This piece was executed after his controversial 2004 retrospective exhibition in Buenos Aires, which turned into an ideological battlefield. The local archbishop got a court order to close the exhibition down; after demonstrations for freedom of expression were held and city officials stepped in, it reopened, attracting a record number of visitors and international interest. Currently, León Ferrari’s work is on exhibition at New York’s Museum of Modern Art, with Mira Schendel in Tangled Alphabets through June 15, 2009. Gustavo Bonevardi’s Falling is a 13-by-5-foot work comprised of 18 individual drawings that like panes of a large window show a continuous image interrupted only by the spaces between each one. Viewed through the window panes are 8½-by-11-inch rectangles, some seen partially, some overlapping, askew - like sheets of paper floating or falling. These drawings are drawings of paper - they are pages made from letters. The only marks on these drawings are letters, clear handwritten letters, but no words. The letters could be about to land on a page and form words. Or maybe have just flown off the pages, whatever words they might have once spelled, and meaning those might have once had, forgotten. Or both, or neither, in any case there is no text to be read, no meaning, just the elements for it - letters, paper, space, time. Juan Calzadilla (Venezuela, 1931) is an essayist, poet, and art critic, as well as a draftsman. His works in this exhibition illustrate certain characteristic modalities of his graphic works, such as bodies; rhythms of abstract forms, either placed in bands that divide the picture plane or covering it totally in an all-over effect; and brushstrokes of arabesques juxtaposed with indecipherable handwriting. Calzadilla explains that he conceives of a drawing as visual writing made up of legible images in which, visually speaking, the signifier and the signified are the same. One characteristic drawing consists of female nudes in different positions sketched with a rapid, fluid line that can be read as writing or as body language. The well known curator, Mari Carmen Ramírez called them siluetas sígnicas [“signifying silhouettes”]. Still, Calzadilla admits that his work as a visual artist and poet has a certain dualism. “Because,” he explains, “calligraphy is a visual language and poetry is a verbal language. What both have in common is the process from which they originate, that is, through an automatic movement that—as I see it, and as Breton did too—harks back to the unconscious: there on that bridge where the mind ceases to have control over what is going to happen. The fact that the form or the poem materializes during the very process of thinking it up and that the result cannot be premeditated is exactly what brings both languages together, melting and fusing their processes for a few short moments. Word and image become one, which results in the mixture of a visual fiction of calligraphy and also a verbal fiction of what is visual.” Luis Fernando Roldán (Colombia, 1955) works with materials discarded as useless and gives them new life. Among his torn/reconstituted works Segmentada II from 2006 is perhaps most rooted in the formal aspect of writing resembling as it does a page of text. The work is part of his Sueños (Dreams) series and uses a bed sheet, that nearly universal accessory of comfort and sleep. Rubbed with graphite the nature of the sheet is altered as it becomes a large drawing – then intervening further, Roldán rips the sheet concentrically creating a long continuous strip. Folding and tearing the strip into segments, twisting it into regular rhythms, the strip is rolled up onto a skein. When unfurled, Roldán creates a composition of 60 lines of the small linked rectangular pieces of the torn cloth. The result regains the original rectangular shape & size of the sheet, but the rectangle also becomes ‘a sheet’ of paper, and the black lines writing. With both humor and gravity Roldán posits many metaphors with a bed sheet, and it was a great pleasure having him install it in the gallery. Elias Crespin’s sculptures have been seen in Argentina at ArteBA where his Triada received the art fair’s best exhibition award; in Venezuela at the Valencia Salon de Artes Visuales Arturo Michelena where he was awarded the Armando Reverón Prize; at Artbots in Dublin, winner of the Artists Choice Award; in London at the Kinetica Museum; at ArtBasel in Miami Beach; and The Armory Show & Pinta Fair in New York. Crespin’s sculptures have been acquired by the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; the Cisneros Fontenal Collection in Miami; El Museo del Barrio in New York; the Museo Nacional Bellas Artes and the MALBA Collection in Buenos Aires; and by private collections in the United States, Europe and South America. Although all his pieces incorporate the same principles of motion and mathematics and comprise suspended components that are computer driven, each kinetic matrix sculpture has its own individuality and character. Crespin acknowledges that the technical challenges he loves to deal with are only a means to achieve the visual experience for the viewer. The idea is to create unique sculptures in motion that produce endless combinations of forms. b. 1960, New York City – lives in New York City Trained as an architect with a degree from Princeton University, Gustavo Bonevardi’s artistic practice ranges from the meticulous to the monumental. Working on a small scale, Bonevardi is known for his “letter drawings,” graphite images in which a multitude of minute, yet precise letters of the alphabet tumble, spill, and stretch their way across the paper’s surface, creating undulating patterns or precise forms which, when viewed from a distance, conceal their miniscule components. Bonevardi draws on his architectural background when working on his large-scale urban projects. These include the memorial, Tribute in Light (conceived in 2001 and illuminated each year in New York City in commemoration of September 11th), and 10,000 Flower Maze (2011). This later work, a temporary project commissioned for Shenzhen's Citizen Plaza in China, was inspired by the European maze garden commissioned by Emperor Qialong in 1756. The work consisted of thousands of orange traffic safety cones arranged in patterns across the public space. In 2015, his latest body of work was shown in a solo exhibition, Fictions, at Cecilia de Torres, Ltd. His large-scale drawing, Falling (2007-2009), was recently included in the first group exhibition ever to be held at the 9/11 Memorial and Museum in New York City, entitled Rendering the Unthinkable: Artists Respond to 9/11. Please click for CV and China Project Installation Photos b. 1965, Caracas, Venezuela – lives in Paris, France since 2008 The child of mathematicians, Elias Crespin frequently visited the studio of his grandmother, the artist Gego (Gertrud Goldschmidt), and her partner, the artist and designer Gerd Leufert. During this time, the young Crespin was encouraged to experiment with different materials. His technical inclinations led him to study Computer Science at Venezuela's Universidad Central in Caracas, where he delved into the fields of mathematics and topographical formulas. After working for various software companies, he decided to dedicate his skills to art making. Crespin constantly applies new technological methods towards his artistic production, bridging the gap between technology and art. His installations consist of arrangements of hand-made elements in various geometric forms, which are suspended in midair by nearly invisible nylon threads. Through computer programs of custom software-controlled motors designed by the artist himself, his pieces constantly shift and mutate, producing highly nuanced choreographic effects, which make them appear to dance in the air as they adopt and morph into new forms and patterns. Crespin’s work questions the concepts of form, space, movement, and time, and is often associated with the study of color, light, shadow, and the experimentation of different materials and textures. Since 2004, the artist’s pieces have been exhibited in many international institutions and venues such as the Museum of Fine Arts Houston (MFAH); Maison de l’Amérique Latine, Paris; Grand Palais, Paris; Galerie Denise René, Paris; Espace Culturel Louis Vuitton, Paris; Boghossian Foundation, Brussels; Das Kleine Museum, Weissenstadt, Germany; Museum Haus Konstruktiv, Zürich; Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas; and Fundación Sala Mendoza, Caracas, amongst others. Crespin's artworks are included in the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH); Ella Fontanals-Cisneros Collection (CIFO), Miami; El Museo del Barrio, New York; Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires (MALBA); Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Buenos Aires; Das Kleine Museum, Weissenstadt, Germany, as well as numerous other prestigious private collections. Please click for CV b. 1920, Buenos Aires, Argentina – d. 2013, Buenos Aires Recognized for his unique oeuvre which blends art with politics, drawing with sculpture, and concept with form, Ferrari is today regarded as one of the most important Latin American artists of the second half of the twentieth century. Although he began his career in Argentina pursuing parallel interests in art and engineering (an influence which can be observed in the structural emphasis of much of his art), Ferrari first started exhibiting ceramic sculptures in the 1950s. From this point of origin, Ferrari's artistic experiments expanded over the decades to include film, drawings, found objects, and hanging sculptures in materials ranging from wire to bones. Despite the diversity of his artwork, a fascination for language - as a means of communication, as a visual form, and as a metaphor - has permeated Ferrari's career. This is perhaps best observed in Ferrari's written drawings, which take their departure from written script. A world renowned artist, Ferrari's work is included in major museum collections including the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), NY; the Casa de las Americas, Havana; Daros Latin America, Zurich; and the Centre Pompidou, Paris. The artist received the prestigious Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement Award at the Venice Biennale in 2007. In 2009, Ferrari's work was shown in New York's Museum of Modern Art exhibition, Tangled Alphabets. Please click for Chronology

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Journal of Information Technology and Libraries URL with Digital Object Identifier Librarians have a professional responsibility to protect the right to access information free from surveillance. This right is at risk from a new and increasing threat: the collection and use of non-personally identifying information such as IP addresses through online behavioral tracking. This paper provides an overview of behavioral tracking, identifying the risks and benefits, describes the mechanisms used to track this information, and offers strategies that can be used to identify and limit behavioral tracking. We argue that this knowledge is critical for librarians in two interconnected ways. First, librarians should be evaluating recommended websites with respect to behavioral tracking practices to help protect patron privacy; second, they should be providing digital literacy education about behavioral tracking to empower patrons to protect their own privacy online. Citation of this paper: Fortier, A. and Burkell, J. (2015) Hidden online surveillance: What librarians should know to protect their privacy and that of their patrons. Information Technology and Libraries, 32(3), 59-72.

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- Don’t try to impose traditional modeling techniques on big data Traditional fixed record data is stable and predictable in its growth, which makes modeling relatively easy. In contrast, the exponential growth of big data is unpredictable, as is its numerous forms and sources. When websites consider modeling big data, modeling should focus on building open and flexible data interfaces because people never know when new data sources or data forms will emerge. This is not a priority in the traditional world of fixed record data. - Design a system instead of a model In the traditional data domain, relational database schemas can cover most of the relationships and links between the data that a business needs to support its information. Big data is not the case, it may not have a database, or it may use a database like NoSQL, it does not require a database schema. Because of this, the big data model should be built on the system, not the database. The system components that the big data model should include include business information requirements, enterprise governance and security, physical storage for data, integration of all types of data, open interfaces, and the ability to handle a variety of different data types. - Find big data modeling tools There are commercial data modeling tools that support Hadoop and big data reporting software like Tableau. One of the requirements is that IT decision makers should include the ability to build data models for big data when considering big data tools and methods. - Focus on data that is critical to the business of the business Businesses enter large amounts of data every day, and most of this big data is irrelevant. It doesn’t make sense to create a model that contains all the data. A better approach is to identify and model big data that is critical to your business. - Provide high quality data If the organization focuses on developing the correct definition of data and complete metadata to describe where the data comes from, what its purpose is, and so on, it can produce better data models and relationships for big data models. Better support for data models that support the business. - Find the key entry point for the data One of the most popular big data carriers today is geography, depending on the business and industry of the enterprise, as well as the big data common keys that other users need. The more an enterprise can identify these common entry points in the data, the more it can design a data model that supports the critical information access path of the enterprise.

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Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox was born on 8th October 1515 and was the daughter of Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus and Margaret Tudor, Queen Dowager of Scotland and sister to King Henry VIII. Margaret was born at Harbottle Castle in Northumberland after her mother, Margaret Tudor, fled Scotland after her second husband was threatened by her son King James V. After Lady Douglas stayed briefly at Berwick Castle with her nurse, Isobel Hoppar, Margaret joined the household of her godfather, Cardinal Wolsey. Following the death of Cardinal Wolsey Margaret was sent to the royal palace of Beaulieu where she lived with King Henry VIII’s daughter, Princess Mary. Margaret and her cousin Mary would be brought up together. Margaret was present at Christmastime at Greenwich Palace in 1530, 1531 and 1532 and King Henry presented his niece each year with a gift of £6 13s 4d. Following the King’s divorce to Katherine of Aragon and his marriage to Anne Boleyn, Margaret was appointed as a lady-in-waiting to the new queen. It was during this time that Margaret met Lord Thomas Howard and they began a relationship, however by 1535 the couple were secretly engaged. By July 1536 Henry had learnt about his niece’s secret engagement and was furious, he had recently declared that Princess Elizabeth like her elder sister, Mary, was now illegitimate and this left Margaret as next in line to the throne therefore she was expected to seek the King’s permission for any potential marriage. As a result both Margaret and Thomas Howard were imprisoned in the Tower of London and on 18th July 1536 an Act of Attainder was passed in Parliament that sentenced Howard to death for his attempt to ‘interrupt ympedyte and let the seid Succession of the Crowne’. Parliament also included in the Act that it was forbidden that any member of the King’s family could not marry without his permission. Margaret remained in the Tower until she fell ill and the King granted permission for her to be moved to Syon Abbey under the supervision of the abbess. Margaret stayed here until she was released on 29th October 1537, Lord Howard was spared from being executed but remained in the Tower of London until his death two days after Margaret’s release on 31st October 1537. Margaret wrote to Thomas Cromwell in 1537 shortly before her release to make it known that she had abandoned Howard, she wrote; “My Lord, what cause have I to give you thanks, and how much bound am I unto you, that by your means hath gotten me, as I trust, the King’s grace his favour again, and besides that that it pleaseth you to write and to give me knowledge wherein I might have his Grace’s displeasure again, which I pray our Lord sooner to send me death than that; I assure you, my Lord, I will never do that thing willingly that should offend his Grace. And my Lord, whereas it is informed you that I do charge the house with a greater number that is convenient, I assure you I have but two more than I had in the Court, which indeed were my Lord Thomas’ servants; and the cause that I took them for was for the poverty that I saw them in, and for no cause else. Be seeing, my Lord, that it is your pleasure that I shall keep none that did belong unto my Lord Thomas, I will put them from me. And I beseech you not think that any fancy doth remain in me touching him; but that all my study and care is how to please the King’s grace and to continue in his favour. And my Lord, where it is our pleasure that I shall keep but a few here with me, I trust ye will think that I can have no fewer than I have; for I have but a gentleman and a groom that keeps my apparel, and another that keeps my chamber, and a chaplain that was with me always in the Court. Now, my Lord, I beseech you that I may know your pleasure if you would that I should keep any fewer. Howbeit, my Lord, my servants hath put the house to small charge, for they have nothing but the reversion of my board; nor I do call for nothing but that that is given me; howbeit I am very well intreated. And my Lord, as for resort, I promise you I have none, except it be gentlewomen that comes to see me, nor never had since I came hither; for if any resort of men had come it should neither have become me to have seen them, nor yet to have kept them company, being a maid as I am. Now my Lord, I beseech you to be so good as to get my poor servants their wages; and thus I pray to our Lord to preserve you both soul and body. By her that has her trust in you, Margaret returned to court and in 1539 along with the Duchess of Richmond was appointed to greet Anne of Cleves at Greenwich Palace before joining her household staff, however, Henry decided to ride out to meet Anne at Rochester and Anne was put aside just months later. Margaret fell out of favour with the King once more in 1540 after she embarked on a secret affair with Sir Charles Howard, the half nephew of her previous fiancé, Lord Howard, and brother to the King’s new wife, Catherine Howard. Margaret was back at court to be one of the few witnesses to Henry’s final marriage to Catherine Parr. Margaret was appointed as one of Catherine’s chief ladies as they had known each other since they came to court around the same time in the 1520’s. In 1544 Margaret married Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, a Scottish exile who had been involved in the fight for control of Scotland with the Earl of Arran and also the prospect of marriage with Mary of Guise, but it was an offer of marriage to Margaret that Lennox could not refuse. They would go on to have two children Charles Stewart and Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley and second husband to Mary Queen of Scots. Whilst her childhood friend and cousin, Queen Mary I, was on the throne of England Margaret was assigned rooms in Westminster Palace and in November 1553 Mary told Spanish ambassador, Simon Renard, that she thought Margaret, now Lady Lennox, was best suited to be her successor. Margaret took every opportunity to report gossip to Mary regarding Elizabeth, when Elizabeth was ordered to court after the Wyatt rebellion she was placed in a room in Whitehall that was directly below Margaret’s who turned her room into a kitchen so the noise would disturb the young Princess. Margaret was integral to Mary and upon her wedding to Philip of Spain she granted Margaret the honour of carrying her train into the ceremony. When Mary died in 1558, Margaret was the chief mourner at her funeral. Following Mary’s death Margaret moved to Yorkshire where she lived at Temple Newsam and was the centre of Roman Catholic activity, which caused issues with her cousin and the new queen, Elizabeth. Whilst in Yorkshire Margaret successfully married her son, Lord Darnley, to Mary Queen of Scots causing a rival claim to the throne of England. Margaret was sent to the Tower of London in 1566 by Elizabeth but following the murder of her son the following year she was released. Elizabeth wanted to send a clear message that Margaret’s family had no claims to the throne despite the fact she was grandmother to the son of Mary Queen of Scots and Darnley, the future King James. Following her release Margaret cut all association with her daughter in law, especially as she was implicated in the murder of her husband, however, Margaret did reconcile with Mary. With Mary overthrown from the Scottish throne and her infant son chosen over her, Margaret’s husband, Earl of Lennox, acted as regency until his assassination in 1571. In 1574 Margaret was sent once again to the Tower of London after she arranged the marriage of her youngest son, Charles, to Elizabeth Cavendish – the stepdaughter of the Earl of Shrewsbury. Margaret was eventually pardoned after her son’s death in 1576. Following her youngest son’s death Margaret cared for his daughter, Lady Arbella Stewart. However, Margaret died shortly after her son on 7th March 1578. Margaret died in deep debt however, Queen Elizabeth I paid for a grand funeral alongside her young son in the south aisle of Henry VII’s chapel in Westminster Abbey.

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Psoriasis is commonly known as a genetic and autoimmune disease. The whole endocannabinoid system plays a critical role in regulating the life of human skin cells. According to research and through conducting a survey, it has been noticed that cbd infused gummies and THC oils are quite effective when it comes to reducing inflammation as well as slowing down the growth of skin cells. CBD, THC, and some other chemical compounds extracted from cannabis are known as anti-psoriasis agents. While talking about the condition of Psoriasis, it should be noted that under this condition, skin cells are replaced every 3 to 5 days, which is much faster than the normal 30-day routine. Due to the rapid changing of these layers, the skin generates red, scaly, and itchy patches. Psoriasis is typically generated because of environmental factors such as cold, medications, traumas, and infections. Psychological distress may also be the cause of Psoriasis. There is no cure for the condition mentioned above at the moment; however, CBD oil can play a proactive role in relieving the pain attached to it as well as slow down the growth rate of skin cells as well. Extinguishing an inflammation Psoriasis causes the premature maturation of skin cells, which in turn causes heavy pain and breaks skin tissues. According to research, CBD is proven to be an anti-inflammatory compound as it helps in alleviating the heat and pain attached to the psoriasis condition. The research mentioned above also confirmed that CBD plays an active role in our immune system’s signaling network. Balancing the cannabinoid system The actions of cannabinoids aren’t limited to suppressing inflammation. According to a study, the endocannabinoid system functions well within the skin. Ithelps in the prevention of the majority of severe skin diseases. Due to the nature of these findings, it is hoped that in the coming years, CBD will be used in many cannabis-based therapies for skincare. How CBD works with Psoriasis? Although clinical research is still underway regarding the health benefits of CBD, there is an increasing demand for the product, as patients are showing interest in whether the CBD can be used as salves, balms, creams, and oils while treating Psoriasis. Numerous studies have predicted and encouraged that Psoriasis can be cured by using CBD as it slowed down the division of cells and played hindrance in their abnormal growth pattern, which in turn controlled skin rashes and decreased the inflammation. Another small scale research pointed out that an ointment containing CBD helped reduce the symptoms related to Psoriasis. The research was conducted in Italy, and five psoriasis patients were chosen for the research. Those 5 volunteers applied the ointment on to their skin, after which it was recorded that the ointment wasn’t only effective and safe but also helped in improving the quality of life for patients suffering from Psoriasis. How CBD improves the daily life of psoriasis patients? While CBD plays an active role in controlling the inflammation, it alsotreats the skin itching and irritation. CBD also plays a pro-vital role in controlling the pain induced by Psoriasis and control the heat triggered by it on the skin. Although the product has some side effects, what is the harm in relieving the pain if it comes with small risks? A cure for Psoriasis still hasn’t been found. Still,numerous therapies can help alleviate the pain, among which cbd sweets has its own separate fan base. The thing is that our bodies have our own internalendocannabinoid system with numerous receptors that bind endocannabinoids is such a way that the human body remains at peace and harmony. Whenever a human body feels stress, discomfort, pain, or is ill, it halts the production of endocannabinoids- but that void can be filled by using the phytocannabinoids derived from plants. These phytocannabinoids are proven to help find the balance and harmony for our bodies again. This endocannabinoid system is actually a part of our skin,which means that receptors can also be found on our skin. So if a patient applies CBD on their skin, chances are that he might end up recovering from the condition and find some balance. CBD is getting more and more fame over time. There are various positive effects of CBD,as indicated by many satisfied users who used CBD as an ointment on their skin. These users reported that their pain decreased after using the product as an ointment. Some other users have reported that CBD not only alleviated the pain but reduced the itching, redness, and peeling of the skin fairly.

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As part of our celebrations of 30 years of the Shannon Dolphin Project we are repeating surveys we carried out in 1993 when we started our journey. In 1993 we carried out two “Minimum Number Estimates” which involved co-ordinated watches from all around the estuary to record and count al dolphins seen. Full scans of the estuary were carried out each hour and the maximum number of dolphins seen during these snap-shots considered the minimum number in the estuary. The May count was cancelled due fog but in October 1993 the estimate was 56-68 individuals. We repeated this survey this weekend during Biodiversity Week, with 12 people watching at eight locations. Unfortunately, despite superb watching conditions we only counted a maximum of 3 individuals. Does this reflect a decline in dolphins, a scarcity of dolphins in the estuary in May or did we just mis them !! Bioblitz was funded by the NPWs of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage through Clare, Limerick and Kerry County Councils. The next Bioblitz in the estuary will be on 13 August. Please join us. For information on the range of events taking place to celebrating 30 years of the Shannon Dolphin Project please watch https://www.facebook.com/ShannonDolphinProject

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Findings from human immune system study could lead Haiti closer to malaria eradication GAINESVILLE, Fla. — A comparison of immune system responses among Haitian malaria patients revealed unique traits among those with the highest risk of transmitting the disease to others. Identifying such patients could lead to a sharp decline in malaria transmission in the country, according to a University of Florida researcher. ‘‘Asymptomatic patients are responsible for the bulk of malaria transmission in Haiti, said Anthony Cannella, M.D., M.Sc. an assistant professor in the Department of Medicine’s Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine at the UF College of Medicine and a member of the Emerging Pathogens Institute. Finding these carriers could play a key role in eradicating malaria from Haiti by 2020, a goal established in 2015 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “This research demonstrates a profound step forward in identifying asymptomatic from symptomatic patients based on immune responses to the local malaria parasite,” Cannella said. “My belief is that by identifying these asymptomatic individuals, it is feasible to treat and monitor them, thus reducing malaria transmission over time. These findings provide the scientific community insight into how malaria could be eliminated not only in Haiti, but also in other parts of the globe.” Cannella worked with Jason Lehmann, Ph.D., a former postdoctoral fellow in the department of medicine’s division of infectious diseases and global medicine, to analyze the immune system data. The study’s patients come from Sud-Est on Haiti’s southern peninsula, south of Port-au-Prince. By analyzing the immune systems of malaria patients, Cannella found that asymptomatic patients displayed a unique set of immune responses that most likely is muting a robust inflammatory response to the malaria infection. The researchers collected blood samples from patients who had been previously were diagnosed with malaria, then separated on whether or not they had symptoms, and measured the recall immune responses to the to the local malaria parasite. While both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients displayed similar antibody responses to malaria antigens, the researchers observed significant differences in both T cell immune responses and cytokine responses-biochemicals secreted during immune responses-to the local Plasmodium falciparum strain. In symptomatic patients, the cytokines reduced the effectiveness of the immune system. In asymptomatic infections, however, a mix of inflammatory and stimulatory cytokines led to a more controlled response to the malaria infection. These patients also demonstrated a higher number of certain immune system cells — specifically, T regulatory cells, NKT-like cells and CD8mid T cells. This information could be used to identify infected patients with malaria including asymptomatic patients for treatment and monitoring purposes. Cannella hopes these findings will contribute to efforts to create practical tools that identify people with asymptomatic malaria infections. Currently, he is looking into ways of inhibiting the growth of the malaria parasite in humans. “The key to unlocking how to eradicate malaria revolves around not only understanding the P. falciparum biology and the local mosquito vector, but also the human immune responses to the parasite,” Cannella said.

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As reported on ReliefWeb, after Super Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines it tracked across the warm South China Sea to Vietnam, claiming casualties and causing hundreds of thousands of people to evacuate. This is not an uncommon scenario in the region. Southeast Asia is vulnerable to numerous hazards, including tropical cyclones, which endanger millions of residents and cause wide-spread damage due to high winds, coastal surge, and extreme flooding. Occasionally, large scale events require relief, response, and recovery efforts that extend across national borders. To test and improve their disaster management processes and regional agreements, and to ensure that they are ready to support disaster response efforts in neighboring countries, the ten Members States of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) conduct an annual ASEAN Regional Disaster Emergency Response Simulation Exercise (ARDEX). Incidentally taking place just prior to when Haiyan hit the region, the Government of Vietnam hosted, and along with the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (AHA Centre), co-organized ARDEX-13, which was conducted on October 21 to 24 in Hanoi, Vietnam. The four-day event was an opportunity to practice, test, and evaluate the readiness of disaster responders and emergency response mechanisms under the ASEAN Standby Arrangements and Standard Operating Procedures (SASOP). ARDEX is also a means of identifying lessons learned to further improve both SASOP and the participants’ actual joint response to disasters. The scenario for the exercise was not far from the real world tragedies that Haiyan caused. According to the scenario, fictional Super Typhoon Neptune makes landfall over Vietnam, causing wind damage and collapsed structures, massive flooding, and chemical spills. Responders from the region are then mobilized to address all of these events. Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) was an invited observer of this exercise. PDC has been collaborating with the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM) for many years in disaster risks reduction (DRR) efforts in the region. These collaborations culminated in 2012, with the deployment of the region’s first multi-hazard “Disaster Monitoring and Response System (DMRS)” at the AHA Centre in Jakarta. DMRS is a customized system based on PDC’s DisasterAWARE platform. The DMRS offers a consolidated environment for multi-hazard monitoring, early warning, decision-making, and information sharing. DMRS was one of the resources relied on for the ARDEX-13 exercise. PDC Executive Director, Ray Shirkhodai, attended the exercise, and observed the real-world response to the fictitious Super Typhoon Neptune, which made simulated landfall in the area of the Northern Delta Provinces near Hanoi. ARDEX-13 was the first opportunity to fully test the operational capability of the AHA Centre since its establishment in November 2011. The multi-level event involved over 800 individuals from various Vietnam national agencies in addition to 90 responders representing ASEAN Member States, and more than 1,000 volunteers. Emergency communications were exercised in Hanoi, then neighboring countries exercised their customs, immigrations, and quarantine mechanisms, and everyone participated in workshops, including a refresher course for the ASEAN Emergency Rapid Assessment Team. To test the implementation of joint disaster response procedures, a field simulation exercise was held in Ba Vi. Finally, all participants helped evaluate the implementation of procedures and mechanisms during the exercise. Invited observers, in addition to Shirkhodai, included representatives from Japan, Australia, New Zealand, United States, United Nations, USAID, and other international and non-governmental organizations. To find out more about this event and DMRS at the AHA Centre: • Read an ASEAN article about the event, • Go to the AHA Centre website, • Read about the DMRS launch event, • Read about the ICT Workshop at the AHA Centre, and • A story about the original installation of DisasterAWARE at the AHA Centre.

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