values
sequence | metadata
dict |
|---|---|
[
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] | {
"pdf_file": "MNMNOYBE6LSE2QDETWHNV3TQWBUOYADX.pdf",
"text": "Census 2000, Summary File 3 Primary Profile 1: AGE, SEX, RACE, MARITAL STATUS, HOUSEHOLD TYPE & RELATIONSHIP Prime−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|P1/P2/P3/P4/P5. PERSONS |P13. HOUSEHOLD TYPE BY AGE |P8. AGE BY SEX |P9/P11. HOUSEHOLD TYPE BY RELATIONSHIP |\n|Universe: Total Population | OF HOUSEHOLDER |Universe: Total Population |Universe: Total Populatio n w/Pop 65 and Over |\n| |Universe: Households | | |\n|Total Population 211 | | Male Female | All Ages 65 & Over|\n|Unweighted Sample Count 97 |Age−− Family Nonfamily | | |\n|100−Percent Count 212 | |Total: 99 112 |In Households: 211 33|\n|Percent of Persons |Total: 58 38 | | Family Households: 169 18|\n|in Sample 45.8% | 15−24 2 0 | <1 3 2 | Householder: 58 13|\n| | 25−34 8 0 | 1 2 0 | Male 32 9|\n|Urban: 0 | 35−44 16 3 | 2 0 0 | Female 26 4|\n| Inside Urbanized Areas 0 | 45−54 12 8 | 3 0 0 | Spouse 23 5|\n| Inside Urban Clusters 0 | 55−64 7 12 | 4 4 0 | Parent 0 0|\n|Rural: 211 | 65−74 9 7 | 5 2 3 | Child: 67 |\n| Farm 0 | 75−84 3 6 | | Natural−born 67 |\n| Non Farm 211 | 85+ 1 2 | 6 0 2 | Adopted 0 |\n|_____________________________________________________________________| 7 6 0 | Step 0 |\n|P6/P7. POPULATION BY RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN | 8 5 2 | Grandchild 6 |\n|Universe: Total Population | 9 0 3 | Brother or Sister 0 |\n| Hispanic | 10 0 6 | Other Relatives 8 0|\n| Total or Latino | | Nonrelatives 7 0|\n| | 11 0 4 | Nonfamily Households: 42 15|\n|Total Population: 211 0 | 12 2 0 | Male Householder: 22 7|\n| White Alone 195 0 | 13 0 5 | Living Alone 20 7|\n| Black/African American Alone 0 0 | 14 2 4 | Not Living Alone 2 0|\n| American Indian/Alaska Native Alone 11 0 | 15 0 0 | Female Householder: 16 8|\n| Asian Alone 0 0 | | Living Alone 14 8|\n| Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander Alone 0 0 | 16 0 3 | Not Living Alone 2 0|\n| Some Other Race Alone 0 0 | 17 0 3 | Nonrelatives 4 0|\n| Two or More Races 5 0 | 18 0 2 | |\n|_____________________________________________________________________| 19 0 0 |In Group Quarters: 0 0|\n|P18. SEX BY MARITAL STATUS | 20 4 2 | Institutionalized 0 0|\n|Universe: Population 15 Years and Over | | Noninstitutionalized 0 0|\n| | 21 0 2 |_________________________ _____________________|\n| Total Male Female |22−24 2 0 |P10. HOUSEHOLD SIZE BY TY PE BY PRESENCE OF OWN|\n| |25−29 0 1 | CHILDREN UNDER 18 YE ARS |\n|Total Population 15 and Over: 154 73 81 |30−34 9 5 |Universe: Households (96) |\n| Never Married 33 15 18 |35−39 10 11 | |\n| Now Married: 60 29 31 | |1−Person Households: 34|\n| Spouse Present 51 27 24 |40−44 4 10 | Male Householder 20|\n| Spouse Absent: 9 2 7 |45−49 9 2 | Female Householder 14|\n| Separated 9 2 7 |50−54 9 6 | |\n| Other 0 0 0 |55−59 2 12 |2−or−More−Person Househol ds: 62|\n| Widowed 26 10 16 | | Family Households: 58|\n| Divorced 35 19 16 |60−61 4 2 | Married Couple Family Hseholds: 28|\n|_____________________________________________________________________|62−64 4 3 | With Own Children Und er 18 9|\n|PCT1. UNMARRIED−PARTNER HOUSEHOLDS BY SEX OF PARTNERS |65−66 0 3 | No Own Children Under 18 19|\n|Universe: Households |67−69 6 4 | Other Family Household s: 30|\n| | | Male Householder, no Wife: 9|\n|Total Households: 96 |70−74 3 4 | With Own Children Un der 18 9|\n| Unmarried−partner Households: 7 |75−79 0 3 | No Own Children Unde r 18 0|\n| Male Householder and Male Partner 0 |80−84 5 2 | Female Householder, n o Husband: 21|\n| Male Householder and Female Partner 3 |85+ 2 1 | With Own Children Un der 18 13|\n| Female Householder and Female Partner 2 | | No Own Children Unde r 18 8|\n| Female Householder and Male Partner 2 | | Nonfamily Households: 4|\n| All Other Households 89 | | Male Householder 2|\n| | | Female Householder 2|\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 1 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Primary Profile 2: GRANDPARENTS; FAMILY TYPE; CITIZENSHIP, BIRTHPLACE, ENTRY YEAR; LANGUAGE Prime−2\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|PCT8. GRANDPARENTS BY LENGTH OF TIME RESPONSIBLE | P15. FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN |P21. PLACE OF BIRTH BY CIT IZENSHIP STATUS |\n| FOR GRANDCHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS | UNDER 18 YEARS BY AGE OF OWN CHILDREN |Universe: Total Population |\n|Universe: Population 30 Years and Over in Households| Universe: Families | |\n| | |Total Population: 211 |\n|Total Pop. 30+ in Households: 135 | Total Families: 58 | |\n| | | Native: 211 |\n| Living with Own Grandchildren | Married Couple Families: 28 | Born in State of Reside nce 120 |\n| Under 18 Years: 3 | With Own Children Under 18: 9 | Born in Other State in the |\n| Grandparents Responsible for | Under 6 Years Only 0 | United States: 91 |\n| Own Grandchildren Under 18 Years: 0 | Under 6 and 6 to 17 Years 2 | Northeast 2 |\n| Length of Time −− | 6 to 17 Years Only 7 | Midwest 17 |\n| Less Than 6 Months 0 | No Own Children Under 18 19 | South 17 |\n| 6 to 11 Months 0 | | West 55 |\n| 1 to 2 Years 0 | Other Families: 30 | Born Outside the United States: 0 |\n| 3 to 4 Years 0 | Male Householder, | Puerto Rico 0 |\n| 5 Years or More 0 | No Wife Present: 9 | U.S. Island Areas 0 |\n| | With Own Children Under 18: 9 | Born Abroad of America n |\n| Grandparents Not Responsible for | Under 6 Years Only 0 | Parent(s) 0 |\n| Own Grandchildren Under 18 Years 3 | Under 6 and 6 to 17 Years 2 | |\n| | 6 to 17 Years Only 7 | Foreign Born: 0 |\n| Not Living with Own Grandchildren | No Own Children Under 18 0 | Naturalized Citizen 0 |\n| Under 18 Years: 132 | | Not a Citizen 0 |\n| | Female Householder, | |\n|____________________________________________________| No Husband Present: 21 |__________________________ ____________________ |\n|PCT9. HOUSEHOLD RELATIONSHIP BY GRANDPARENTS LIVING | With Own Children Under 18: 13 |P19. LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HO ME BY ABILITY |\n| WITH OWN GRANDCHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS BY | Under 6 Years Only 5 | TO SPEAK ENGLISH |\n| RESPONSIBILITY FOR OWN GRANDCHILDREN | Under 6 and 6 to 17 Years 2 |Universe: Population 5 Yea rs and Over |\n|Universe: Population 30 Years and Over in | 6 to 17 Years Only 6 | |\n| Households | No Own Children Under 18 8 |Total Population 5 and Ove r: 200 |\n| |______________________________________________| |\n|Total Pop. 30+ in Households: 135 | P23. YEAR OF ENTRY BY CITIZENSHIP STATUS | Speak Only English 194 |\n| | Universe: Foreign−born Population | |\n| Householder or Spouse: 116 | | Speak Spanish: 3 |\n| Living w/Own Grandchild Under 18: 0 | Naturalized Not a | Speak English \"Very Well \" 3 |\n| Responsible for Own Grandchild 0 | Year of Entry−− Citizen Citizen | Speak English \"Well\" 0 |\n| Not Responsible for Own Grandchild 0 | | Speak English \"Not Well\" 0 |\n| Not Living w/Own Grandchild Under 18 116 | Total Foreign−born: 0 0 | Speak English \"Not at Al l\" 0 |\n| | 1990 to March 2000 0 0 | |\n| Parent or Parent−in−Law of | 1980 to 1989 0 0 | Speak Other Indo−European Lang.: 3 |\n| Householder: 0 | Before 1980 0 0 | Speak English \"Very Well \" 1 |\n| Living w/Own Grandchild Under 18: 0 |______________________________________________| Speak English \"Well\" 2 |\n| Responsible for Own Grandchild 0 | P22. YEAR OF ENTRY | Speak English \"Not Well\" 0 |\n| Not Responsible for Own Grandchild 0 | Universe: Foreign−born Population | Speak English \"Not at Al l\" 0 |\n| Not Living w/Own Grandchild Under 18 0 | | |\n| | Total Foreign−born Population: 0 | Speak Asian/Pacific Islan d Lang.: 0 |\n| Other Relatives or Nonrelatives of | | Speak English \"Very Well \" 0 |\n| Householder: 19 | 1995 to March 2000 0 | Speak English \"Well\" 0 |\n| Living w/Own Grandchild Under 18: 3 | 1990 to 1994 0 | Speak English \"Not Well\" 0 |\n| Responsible for Own Grandchild 0 | 1985 to 1989 0 | Speak English \"Not at Al l\" 0 |\n| Not Responsible for Own Grandchild 3 | 1980 to 1984 0 | |\n| Not Living w/Own Grandchild Under 18 16 | 1975 to 1979 0 | Speak Other Languages: 0 |\n| | 1970 to 1974 0 | Speak English \"Very Well \" 0 |\n| | 1965 to 1969 0 | Speak English \"Well\" 0 |\n| | Before 1965 0 | Speak English \"Not Well\" 0 |\n| | | Speak English \"Not at Al l\" 0 |\n| | | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 2 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Primary Profile 3: FIRST ANCESTRY AND TOTAL ANCESTRIES REPORTED; RESIDENCE IN 1995 Prime−3\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|PCT16/PCT18 ANCESTRY |\n|Two Universes: PCT16−Persons; PCT18−Total Ancestry Categories Reported |\n| |\n| First Total First Total First Total|\n|First Ancestry 174 N/A Reported Reported Reported Reported|\n|Total Specified Ancestries N/A 247 |\n| |\n| Acadian/Cajun 0 0 Israeli 0 0 West Indian (Exc Hisp Gp): 0 0|\n| Afghan 0 0 Italian 5 5 Bahamian 0 0|\n| Albanian 0 0 Latvian 0 0 Barbadian 0 0|\n| Alsatian 0 0 Lithuanian 0 0 Belizean 0 0|\n| Arab: 0 0 Luxemburger 0 0 Bermudan 0 0|\n| Egyptian 0 0 Macedonian 0 0 British West Indian 0 0|\n| Iraqi 0 0 Maltese 0 0 Dutch West Indian 0 0|\n| Jordanian 0 0 New Zealander 0 0 Haitian 0 0|\n| Lebanese 0 0 Northern European 0 0 Jamaican 0 0|\n| Moroccan 0 0 Norwegian 6 10 Trinidadian & Tobagonian 0 0|\n| Palestinian 0 0 Pennsylvania German 0 0 U.S. Virgin Islander 0 0|\n| Syrian 0 0 Polish 0 0 West Indian 0 0|\n| Arab/Arabic 0 0 Portuguese 4 4 Other West Indian 0 0|\n| Other Arab 0 0 Romanian 0 0 Yugoslavian 0 0|\n| Armenian 0 0 Russian 0 0 Other Groups** 20 33|\n| Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac 0 0 Scandinavian 2 2 Unclassified or |\n| Australian 0 0 Scotch−Irish 0 2 Not Reported 37 N/A|\n| Austrian 2 10 Scottish 0 5 +−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| Basque 0 0 Serbian 0 0 |PCT21. RESIDENCE IN 1995 |\n| Belgian 0 0 Slavic 0 0 |Universe: Population 5 Year s and Over |\n| Brazilian 0 0 Slovak 0 0 | |\n| British 6 6 Slovene 0 0 |Total Population 5 and Over : 200|\n| Bulgarian 0 0 Soviet Union 0 0 | |\n| Canadian 2 2 Subsaharan African: 0 0 | Same House in 1995 122|\n| Carpatho Rusyn 0 0 Cape Verdean 0 0 | Different House in 1995: 78|\n| Celtic 0 0 Ethiopian 0 0 | In United States in 1995 : 78|\n| Croatian 0 0 Ghanian 0 0 | Same City or Town: 27|\n| Cypriot 0 0 Kenyan 0 0 | Same County 27|\n| Czech 0 0 Liberian 0 0 | Different County (Same State) 0|\n| Czechoslovakian 0 0 Nigerian 0 0 | Not Same City or Town: 51|\n| Danish 3 3 Senegalese 0 0 | Same County 24|\n| Dutch 0 5 Sierra Leonean 0 0 | Different County: 27|\n| Eastern European 0 0 Somalian 0 0 | Same State 17|\n| English 37 37 South African 0 0 | Different State: 10|\n| Estonian 0 0 Sudanese 0 0 | Northeast 0|\n| European 0 3 Ugandan 0 0 | Midwest 0|\n| Finnish 2 2 Zairian 0 0 | South 0|\n| French (Except Basque) 0 3 Zimbabwean 0 0 | West 10|\n| French Canadian 0 0 African 0 0 | In Puerto Rico in 1995: 0|\n| German 42 50 Other Subsaharan Af 0 0 | Same City or Town 0|\n| German Russian 0 0 Swedish 4 4 | Not Same City or Town 0|\n| Greek 0 0 Swiss 0 0 | Same Municipio 0|\n| Guyanese 0 0 Turkish 0 0 | Different Municipio 0|\n| Hungarian 0 0 Ukranian 0 0 | Elsewhere in 1995: 0|\n| Icelander 0 0 United States/American* 12 12 | U.S. Island Areas 0|\n| Iranian 0 0 Welsh 6 6 | Foreign Country or at S ea 0|\n| Irish 21 43 +−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * Includes only people reporting \"U.S.\" or \"American\" as their sole ancestry. For example, \"Irish−American\" is tallied only as \"Irish\". |\n| ** Includes most reported ancestries which are equivalent to specific race & Hispanic/Latino groups, such as Cree, Thai, Samo an & Cuban. |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 3 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Primary Profile 4: SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY RACE & HISP./LATINO Prime−4\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|P147A−I. SCHOOL ENROLLMENT BY LEVEL AND SCHOOL TYPE BY RACE (*) AND HISPANIC OR LATINO (**) |\n|Universe: Population 3 Years and Over |\n| Native |\n| Black Amer Indian Hawaiian Other Two or * White Alone |\n| White /Af Amer /Alaska Nat Asian /Pac Isl Race More * H ispanic not Hisp. |\n| Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races * or Latino or Latino |\n| * |\n|Total Population 3 and Over: 188 0 11 0 0 0 5 * 0 188 |\n| * |\n| In Nursery School/Preschool: 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 7 |\n| Public School 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 7 |\n| Private School 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 |\n| Enrolled in Kindergarten: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 2 |\n| Public School 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 2 |\n| Private School 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 |\n| Enrolled in Grade 1 − Grade 8: 31 0 6 0 0 0 0 * 0 31 |\n| Public School 31 0 6 0 0 0 0 * 0 31 |\n| Private School 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 |\n| Enrolled in Grade 9 − Grade12: 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 8 |\n| Public School 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 8 |\n| Private School 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 |\n| Enrolled in College: 9 0 0 0 0 0 2 * 0 9 |\n| Public School 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 * 0 8 |\n| Private School 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 1 |\n| Not Enrolled in School 131 0 5 0 0 0 3 * 0 131 |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| |\n|P148A−I. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY SEX BY RACE (*) AND HISPANIC OR LATINO (**) |\n|Universe: Population 25 Years and Over |\n| Native |\n| Black Amer Indian Hawaiian Other Two or * White Alone |\n| White /Af Amer /Alaska Nat Asian /Pac Isl Race More * H ispanic not Hisp. |\n| Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races * or Latino or Latino |\n| * |\n|Total Population 25 and Over: 128 0 5 0 0 0 3 * 0 128 |\n| * |\n| Male: 64 0 3 0 0 0 0 * 0 64 |\n| Less than 9th Grade 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 9 |\n| 9th−12th Grade, No Diploma 20 0 3 0 0 0 0 * 0 20 |\n| High School Graduate/GED 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 17 |\n| Some College, No Degree 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 13 |\n| Associate Degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 |\n| Bachelor’s Degree 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 5 |\n| Graduate/Professional Degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 |\n| * |\n| Female: 64 0 2 0 0 0 3 * 0 64 |\n| Less than 9th Grade 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 8 |\n| 9th−12th Grade, No Diploma 10 0 2 0 0 0 0 * 0 10 |\n| High School Graduate/GED 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 20 |\n| Some College, No Degree 21 0 0 0 0 0 3 * 0 21 |\n| Associate Degree 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 5 |\n| Bachelor’s Degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 |\n| Graduate/Professional Degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive and include everyone. |\n| ** Hispanic or Latino is NOT considered a race. People who reported themselves as Hispanic are also counted in the seven raci al categories. |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 4 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Primary Profile 5: SCHOOL ENROLLMENT; EDUC. ATTAINMENT; EMPLOYMENT, FAMILY TYPE & CHILDREN Prime−5\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|P36. SCHOOL ENROLLMENT BY LEVEL AND SCHOOL TYPE |P37. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY SEX |P44. FAMILY TYP E BY EMPLOYMENT |\n|Universe: Population 3 Years and Over |Universe: Population 25 Years and Over | STATUS |\n| | |Universe: Famil ies |\n| Male Female | Total Male Female | |\n| | |Total Families: 58|\n|Total Pop. 3 and Over: 94 110 |Total Pop. 25 and Over: 136 67 69 | |\n| | | Married Couple Families: 28|\n| In Nursery/Preschool: 4 3 | No School Completed 2 0 2 | Husband in La bor Force: 9|\n| Public School 4 3 | Nursery to 4th Grade 0 0 0 | Husband Empl oyed or |\n| Private School 0 0 | 5th and 6th Grade 2 2 0 | in Armed For ces: 6|\n| In Kindergarten: 2 0 | 7th and 8th Grade 13 7 6 | Wife in Lab or Force: 4|\n| Public School 2 0 | 9th Grade 6 6 0 | Wife Emplo yed or in |\n| Private School 0 0 | 10th Grade 4 0 4 | Armed Forc es 4|\n| In Grade 1 − Grade 4: 11 13 | 11th Grade 7 7 0 | Wife Unemp loyed 0|\n| Public School 11 13 | 12th Grade, No Diploma 18 10 8 | Wife Not in Labor |\n| Private School 0 0 | High School Graduate | Force 2|\n| In Grade 5 − Grade 8: 4 9 | (Includes Equivalency) 37 17 20 | |\n| Public School 4 9 | Some College: < 1 year 17 2 15 | Husband Unem ployed: 3|\n| Private School 0 0 | Some College: 1 Year | Wife in Lab or Force: 3|\n| In Grade 9 − Grade 12: 0 8 | or More, No Degree 20 11 9 | Wife Emplo yed or in |\n| Public School 0 8 | Associate Degree 5 0 5 | Armed Forc es 3|\n| Private School 0 0 | Bachelor’s Degree 5 5 0 | Wife Unemp loyed 0|\n| College: Undergraduate: 4 7 | Masters Degree 0 0 0 | Wife Not in Labor |\n| Public School 4 6 | Professional Degree 0 0 0 | Force 0|\n| Private School 0 1 | Doctorate Degree 0 0 0 | |\n| Graduate/Professional: 0 0 | | Husband Not in |\n| Public School 0 0 |_____________________________________________________________| Labor Force: 19|\n| Private School 0 0 |P45. EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF WOMEN BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN | Wife in Lab or Force: 0|\n| Not Enrolled in School 69 70 | UNDER 18 YEARS BY AGE OF OWN CHILDREN | Wife Emplo yed or in |\n|________________________________________________|Universe: Females 16 Years and Over | Armed Forc es 0|\n|P38. EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | | Wife Unemp loyed 0|\n|Universe: Population 16 To 19 Years |Total Females 16 and Over: 81 | Wife Not in Labor |\n| | | Force 19|\n|Total Population 16 to 19: 8 | With Own Children Under 18 Years: 23 | |\n| | Under 6 Years Only: 5 | Other Families : 30|\n| In Armed Forces: 0 | In Labor Force: 1 | Male Househol der, |\n| Enrolled in School: 0 | Employed or in Armed Forces 1 | no Wife Prese nt: 9|\n| High School Graduate 0 | Unemployed 0 | In Labor For ce: 5|\n| Not High School Graduate 0 | Not in Labor Force 4 | Employed or in |\n| Not Enrolled in School: 0 | Under 6 and 6 to 17 Years: 4 | Armed Force s 3|\n| High School Graduate 0 | In Labor Force: 2 | Unemployed 2|\n| Not High School Graduate 0 | Employed or in Armed Forces 0 | Not in Labor Force 4|\n| Civilian: 8 | Unemployed 2 | |\n| Enrolled in School: 6 | Not in Labor Force 2 | Female Househ older, |\n| Employed 0 | 6 to 17 Years Only: 14 | no Husband Pr esent: 21|\n| Unemployed 2 | In Labor Force: 11 | In Labor For ce: 12|\n| Not in Labor Force 4 | Employed or in Armed Forces 8 | Employed or in |\n| Not Enrolled in School: 2 | Unemployed 3 | Armed Force s 5|\n| High School Graduate: 2 | Not in Labor Force 3 | Unemployed 7|\n| Employed 0 | | Not in Labor Force 9|\n| Unemployed 0 | No Own Children Under 18 Years: 58 | |\n| Not in Labor Force 2 | In Labor Force: 19 | |\n| Not High School Graduate: 0 | Employed or in Armed Forces 15 | |\n| Employed 0 | Unemployed 4 | |\n| Unemployed 0 | Not in Labor Force 39 | |\n| Not in Labor Force 0 | | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 5 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Primary Profile 6: LABOR FORCE STATUS; WORK & FAMILY; HOURS/WEEKS WORKED; DISABILITY STATUS Prime−6\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|P43/P150A−I. EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY SEX BY RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN |\n| Universe: Population 16 Years and Over Native |\n| Black Amer Indian Hawaiian Other Two or * White Alone|\n| All White /Af Amer /Alaska Nat Asian /Pac Isl Race More * Hispanic not Hisp.|\n| Races Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races * o r Latino or Latino|\n| * |\n|Total 16 and Over: 154 144 0 5 0 0 0 5 * 0 144|\n| Male: 73 70 0 3 0 0 0 0 * 0 70|\n| In Labor Force: 34 31 0 3 0 0 0 0 * 0 31|\n| In Armed Forces 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| Civilian: 34 31 0 3 0 0 0 0 * 0 31|\n| Employed 16 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 16|\n| Unemployed 18 15 0 3 0 0 0 0 * 0 15|\n| Not in Labor Force 39 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 39|\n| * |\n| Female: 81 74 0 2 0 0 0 5 * 0 74|\n| In Labor Force: 33 29 0 2 0 0 0 2 * 0 29|\n| In Armed Forces 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| Civilian: 33 29 0 2 0 0 0 2 * 0 29|\n| Employed 24 22 0 0 0 0 0 2 * 0 22|\n| Unemployed 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 0 * 0 7|\n| Not in Labor Force 48 45 0 0 0 0 0 3 * 0 45|\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n|P46. LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS IN FAMILIES AND |P48. FAMILY TYPE BY NUMBER OF|P47. WORK STATUS I N 1999 BY USUAL HOURS|\n| SUBFAMILIES BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF PARENTS | WORKERS IN FAMILY IN 1999| WORKED PER WE EK BY WEEKS WORKED |\n|Universe: Own Children Under 18 Years in Families and Subfamilies |Universe: Families |Universe: Populati on 16 Years and Over |\n| | | |\n| Under 6 6 to 17 | | Male Female|\n| |Total Families: 58 | |\n|Total Children in Universe: 16 44 | Married Cpl Fam: 28 |Total Pop. 16+: 73 81|\n| Living with Two Parents: 2 9 | No Workers 18 |Worked in 1999: 30 36|\n| Both Parents in Labor Force 0 5 | 1 Worker 2 | 35+ Hours/Week 19 18|\n| Father Only in Labor Force 2 2 | 2 Workers: 6 | 50−52 Weeks 11 5|\n| Mother Only in Labor Force 0 0 | Husband and | 48−49 Weeks 0 4|\n| Neither Parent in Labor Force 0 2 | Wife Worked 5 | 40−47 Weeks 0 2|\n| Living with One Parent: 14 35 | Other 1 | 27−39 Weeks 4 0|\n| Living with Father: 3 12 | 3+ Workers: 2 | 14−26 Weeks 0 0|\n| In Labor Force 3 4 | Husband and | 1−13 Weeks 4 7|\n| Not in Labor Force 0 8 | Wife Worked 2 | |\n| Living with Mother: 11 23 | Other 0 | 15−34 Hours/Wk 9 14|\n| In Labor Force 5 21 | | 50−52 Weeks 5 5|\n| Not in Labor Force 6 2 | Other Families: 30 | 48−49 Weeks 0 0|\n|_____________________________________________________________________________| Male Householder, | 40−47 Weeks 0 0|\n|P41. TYPES OF DISABILITY |P42. DISABILITY STATUS BY AGE | no Wife: 9 | 27−39 Weeks 0 0|\n|Universe: Total Disabilities Tallied |Univ.: Civilian Noninstitutionalized| No Workers 4 | 14−26 Weeks 1 6|\n|for the Civilian Noninstitutionalized | Population 5 Years and Over | 1 Worker 2 | 1−13 Weeks 3 3|\n|Population 5 Years+ with Disabilities | | 2 Workers 3 | |\n| | With a No| 3+ Workers 0 | 1−14 Hours/Wk 2 4|\n|Total Disabilities Tallied: 169 | Disability Disability| Female Householder, | 50−52 Weeks 2 0|\n| Sensory Disability 23 | | no Husband: 21 | 48−49 Weeks 0 0|\n| Physical Disability 51 |Total: 65 135| No Workers 4 | 40−47 Weeks 0 2|\n| Mental Disability 30 | 5−15 Years 6 40| 1 Worker 16 | 27−39 Weeks 0 0|\n| Self−care Disability 14 | 16−20 Years 0 14| 2 Workers 1 | 14−26 Weeks 0 0|\n| Go−outside−home Disability 24 | 21−64 Years 42 65| 3+ Workers 0 | 1−13 Weeks 0 2|\n| Employment Disability 27 | 65−74 Years 9 11| |Did not work |\n| | 75+ Years 8 5| |in 1999 43 45|\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 6 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Primary Profile 7: EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, AND CLASS OF WORKER Prime−7\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|P50. OCCUPATION |P51. CLASS OF WOR KER BY INDUSTRY |\n|Universe: Employed Civilians 16 and Over |Universe: Employe d Civilians 16 & Over|\n| | |\n|Total Employed Civilians 16 and Over: 40 |Total Empl. Civil ians 16+: 40|\n| Management, Profess. & Related Occupations: 4 Transportation & Material Moving: 2| All Industries e xcept |\n| Management, Business, Financial Operations: 0 Supervisors, Transportation & Material | Agriculture, For estry, |\n| Management (except Farmers/Farm Managers) 0 Moving Workers 0| Fishing, Hunting , Mining: 40|\n| Farmers and Farm Managers 0 Aircraft & Traffic Control 0| Private For−pro fit Wage |\n| Business & Financial Operations: 0 Motor Vehicle Operators 0| & Salary worker s: 18|\n| Business Operations Specialists 0 Rail, Water & Other Transportation 0| Employee of Pr ivate |\n| Financial Specialists 0 Material Moving Workers 2| Company 18|\n| +−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−| Self−employed in Own |\n| Professional & Related Occupations: 4|P49. INDUSTRY | Incorporated B usiness 0|\n| Computer & Mathematical Occupations 0|Universe: Employed Civilians 16 and Over | Private Not−for −profit |\n| Architecture & Engineering Occupations: 0| | Wage & Salary w orkers 0|\n| Architects, Surveyors, Cartographers, |Total Empl. Civilians 16 and Over: 40| Local Governmen t Workers 9|\n| & Engineers 0| Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, | State Governmen t Workers 10|\n| Drafters, Engineering & Map Technicians 0| Hunting & Mining: 0| Federal Govt Wo rkers 0|\n| Life, Physical & Social Science Occupatns 0| Agric, Forestry, Fishing, & Hunting 0| Self−Employed i n Own |\n| Community & Social Services 0| Mining 0| Not Incorp. Bus iness 3|\n| Legal Occupations 0| | Unpaid Family W orkers 0|\n| Education, Training & Library Occupations 2| Construction 2| |\n| Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, | Manufacturing 6| Agriculture, For estry, |\n| & Media Occupations 0| | Fishing, Hunting , Mining: 0|\n| Healthcare Practitioners & Technical Occ: 2| Wholesale Trade 0| |\n| Health Diagnosing, Treating Practitioners | Retail Trade 3| Agriculture, Fo restry, |\n| & Technical Occupations 2| | Fishing & Hunti ng: 0|\n| Health Technologists & Technicians 0| Transportation, Warehousing | Private For−pr ofit Wage |\n| | & Utilities: 0| & Salary worke rs: 0|\n| Service Occupations: 16| Transportation & Warehousing 0| Employee of P rivate |\n| Healthcare Support Occupations 4| Utilities 0| Company 0|\n| Protective Service Occupations: 0| | Self−employed in Own |\n| Fire Fighting, Prevention, & Law | Information 3| Incorporated Business 0|\n| Enforcement Workers, inc Supervisors 0| | Private Not−fo r−profit |\n| Other Protective Services inc Supervisors 0| Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, | Wage & Salary workers 0|\n| Food Preparation & Serving 3| Rental & Leasing: 2| Local Govt Wor kers 0|\n| Building & Grounds Cleaning & Maintenance 4| Finance & Insurance 2| State Govt Wor kers 0|\n| Personal Care & Service 5| Real Estate & Rental & Leasing 0| Federal Govt W orkers 0|\n| | | Self−Employed in Own |\n| Sales & Office Occupations: 16| Professional, Scientific, Management, | Not Incorp. Bu siness 0|\n| Sales & Related Occupations 6| Administrative & Waste Management: 0| Unpaid Family Workers 0|\n| Office & Administrative Support 10| Professional, Scientific & Tech Serv 0| |\n| | Management of Companies & Enterprises 0| Mining: 0|\n| Farming, Fishing & Forestry 0| Admin, Support, Waste Management Serv 0| Private For−pr ofit Wage |\n| | | & Salary worke rs: 0|\n| Construction, Extraction & Maintenance Occ: 0| Educational, Health & Social Services: 19| Employee−Priv ate Comp 0|\n| Construction & Extraction Occupations: 0| Educational Services 8| Self−employed in Own |\n| Supervisors, Construction & | Health Care & Social Assistance 11| Incorporated Business 0|\n| Extraction Workers 0| | Private Not−fo r−profit |\n| Construction Trade Workers 0| Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, | Wage & Salary workers 0|\n| Extraction Workers 0| Accommodation & Food Services: 3| Local Govt Wor kers 0|\n| Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupat 0| Arts, Entertainment & Recreation 0| State Govt Wor kers 0|\n| | Accommodation & Food Services 3| Federal Govt W orkers 0|\n| Production, Transportation & Material | | Self−Employed in Own |\n| Moving Occupations: 4| Other Services (except Public Admin.) 0| Not Incorp. Bu siness 0|\n| Production Occupations 2| Public Administration 2| Unpaid Family Workers 0|\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 7 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Primary Profile 8: PLACE OF WORK; TRAVEL TO WORK; VETERAN STATUS AND MILITARY SERVICE Prime−8\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|P26/P27/P28/P29. PLACE OF WORK | P30. MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK | P39. ARMED FORCES STATUS/VETE RAN STATUS BY AGE |\n|Universe: Workers 16 years and over | Universe: Workers 16 Years and Over | Universe: Population 18 Years and Over |\n| | | |\n|Total Workers 16 and over: 40 | Total Workers 16 and over: 40 | 18 to 64 65 and Over |\n| | | |\n| Worked in State of Residence: 40 | Car, Truck, or Van: 33 | Total 18 and Over: 115 33 |\n| Worked in County of Residence 29 | Drove Alone 31 | |\n| Worked Outside County of Residence 11 | Carpooled 2 | In Armed Forces 0 0 |\n| Worked Outside State of Residence 0 | | Civilian: 115 33 |\n| | Public Transportation: 0 | Veteran 12 14 |\n| Living in an MSA/PMSA: 0 | Bus or Trolley Bus 0 | Nonveteran 103 19 |\n| | Streetcar or Trolley Car | |\n| Living in a Central City: 0 | (Público in Puerto Rico) 0 |______________________________ _____________________|\n| Worked in MSA/PMSA of Residence: 0 | Subway or Elevated 0 | P40. PERIOD OF MILITARY SERVI CE |\n| Central City 0 | Railroad 0 | Universe: Civilian Veterans 1 8 Years and Over |\n| Remainder of this MSA/PMSA 0 | Ferryboat 0 | |\n| Worked Outside MSA/PMSA of Residence: 0 | Taxicab 0 | Total Civilian Veterans 18 & Over: 26 |\n| Worked in a Different MSA/PMSA: 0 | | |\n| Central City 0 | Motorcycle 0 | August 1990 or Later |\n| Remainder of Different MSA/PMSA 0 | Bicycle 0 | (including Persian Gulf War ): 6 |\n| Worked Outside any MSA/PMSA 0 | Walked 2 | Served in Vietnam Era 2 |\n| | Other means 0 | No Vietnam Era Service: 4 |\n| Living in Remainder of an MSA/PMSA: 0 | | Served September 1980 or Later: 0 |\n| Worked in MSA/PMSA of Residence: 0 | Worked at Home 5 | Served Under 2 Years 0 |\n| Central City 0 | | Served 2 or More Years 0 |\n| Remainder of this MSA/PMSA 0 |________________________________________| Served Prior to September 1980 4 |\n| Worked Outside MSA/PMSA of Residence: 0 | P31. TRAVEL TIME TO WORK | |\n| Worked in a Different MSA/PMSA: 0 | Universe: Workers 16 Years and Over | May 1975−July 1990 Only: 0 |\n| Central City 0 | | September 1980−July 1990 O nly: 0 |\n| Remainder of Different MSA/PMSA 0 | Total Workers 16 and over: 40 | Served Under 2 Years 0 |\n| Worked Outside any MSA/PMSA 0 | | Served 2 or More Years 0 |\n| | Did not Work at Home: 35 | Other May 1975−July 1990 S ervice 0 |\n| Not Living in an MSA/PMSA: 40 | | |\n| Worked in an MSA/PMSA: 9 | Less than 5 Minutes 4 | Vietnam Era, no Korean War, |\n| Central City 2 | 5 to 9 Minutes 11 | no World War II, |\n| Remainder of MSA/PMSA 7 | 10 to 14 Minutes 2 | no August 1990 or Later 6 |\n| Worked Outside any MSA/PMSA 31 | 15 to 19 Minutes 0 | Vietnam Era and Korean War, |\n| | 20 to 24 Minutes 0 | no World War II, |\n| Living in a Place: 40 | 25 to 29 Minutes 3 | no August 1990 or Later 0 |\n| Worked in Place of Residence 14 | | Vietnam Era, Korean War, |\n| Worked Outside Place of Residence 26 | 30 to 34 Minutes 9 | and World War II, |\n| Not Living in a Place 0 | 35 to 39 Minutes 0 | no August 1990 or Later 0 |\n| | 40 to 44 Minutes 0 | |\n| Living in 12 Selected States: | 45 to 59 Minutes 2 | February 1955−July 1964 Onl y 0 |\n| CT/ME/MA/MI/MN/NH/NJ/NY/PA/RI/VT/WI 0 | 60 to 89 Minutes 4 | |\n| Worked in MCD of Residence 0 | 90 Minutes or More 0 | Korean War, no Vietnam Era, |\n| Worked Outside MCD of Residence 0 | | no World War II 9 |\n| Not Living in the 12 Selected States 40 | Mean Travel Time: 21.7 minutes | Korean War and World War II , |\n| | | no Vietnam Era 0 |\n| | Worked at Home 5 | |\n| | | World War II, no Korean War , |\n| | | no Vietnam Era 5 |\n| | | |\n| | | Other Service Only 0 |\n| | | |\n| | | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 8 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Primary Profile 9: HOUSEHOLD, FAMILY AND PER CAPITA INCOME IN 1999 BY RACE & HISP/LATINO Prime−9\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|P52/P53/P54/P151A−I/P152A−I/P153A−I. HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY RACE AND HISPANIC/LATINO ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER |\n|Universe: Households |\n| Black Amer Indian Nat Hawaiian Other Two or * White Alone|\n| All White /Af Amer /Alaska Nat Asian /Pac Isl Race More * Hispanic not Hisp.|\n| Races Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races * o r Latino or Latino|\n|Total Households: 96 89 0 5 0 0 0 2 * 0 89|\n| Less than $10,000 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 30|\n| $10,000 − $14,999 20 16 0 2 0 0 0 2 * 0 16|\n| $15,000 − $19,999 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 11|\n| $20,000 − $24,999 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 3|\n| $25,000 − $29,999 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 7|\n| $30,000 − $34,999 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 5|\n| $35,000 − $39,999 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 4|\n| $40,000 − $44,999 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 3|\n| $45,000 − $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| $50,000 − $59,999 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 2|\n| $60,000 − $74,999 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 3|\n| $75,000 − $99,999 6 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 * 0 3|\n| $100,000 − $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| $125,000 − $149,999 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 2|\n| $150,000 − $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| $200,000 or more 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| * |\n| Median $14,583 $14,688 $0 $75,138 $0 $0 $0 $11,250 * $0 $14,688|\n| Mean $25,053 $23,847 . $51,740 . . . $12,000 * . $23,847|\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n|P76−82/P154A−I/P155A−I/P156A−I/P157A−I. FAMILY AND NONFAMILY INCOME IN 1999 BY RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER; PER CAPITA INCOME IN 1999 BY INDIVIDUAL RACE |\n|Three Universes: Families, Nonfamily Households, All Persons |\n| Black Amer Indian Nat Hawaiian Other Two or * Whi te Alone +−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| All White /Af Amer /Alaska Nat Asian /Pac Isl Race More * Hispanic not Hisp.| Nonfamily|\n| Races Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races * or Latino o r Latino | Households|\n|Total Families: 58 51 0 5 0 0 0 2 * 0 51 | 38|\n| Less than $10,000 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 15 | 17|\n| $10,000 − $14,999 18 14 0 2 0 0 0 2 * 0 14 | 0|\n| $15,000 − $19,999 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 2 | 9|\n| $20,000 − $24,999 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 3 | 0|\n| $25,000 − $29,999 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 3 | 4|\n| $30,000 − $34,999 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 1 | 4|\n| $35,000 − $39,999 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 2 | 2|\n| $40,000 − $44,999 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 1 | 2|\n| $45,000 − $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 | 0|\n| $50,000 − $59,999 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 2 | 0|\n| $60,000 − $74,999 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 3 | 0|\n| $75,000 − $99,999 6 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 * 0 3 | 0|\n| $100,000 − $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 | 0|\n| $125,000 − $149,999 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 2 | 0|\n| $150,000 − $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 | 0|\n| $200,000 or more 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 | 0|\n| * | |\n| Family Median $14,000 $14,125 $0 $75,138 $0 $0 $0 $11,250 * $0 $14,125 | N/A|\n| Family Mean $29,933 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A * N/A N/A | N/A|\n| * | |\n| NonFamily Median N/A $15,714 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 * $0 $15,714 | $15,714|\n| NonFamily Mean N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A * N/A N/A | $17,184|\n| * | |\n| Per Capita−All Pers $11,371 $11,978 $0 $3,218 $0 $0 $0 $5,620 * $0 $11,978 | N/A|\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 9 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Primary Profile 10: SOURCE OF INCOME, EARNINGS; POVERTY STATUS OF PERSONS BY RACE/HISPANIC Prime−10\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|P58−P75. SOURCE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 | P85/PCT47. MEDIAN EARNINGS IN 1999 | PCT50. RATIO OF INCOME IN 1999 TO POVERTY LEVEL BY AGE|\n|Nine Universes: Households with Income from | Univ.: Population 16 and Over with Earnings | Univ: Population for Whom Poverty Status is Determined|\n| Each Specified Source | | |\n| | −Median Earnings in 1999− | Under 5 5 to 11 12 to 17 |\n| Households Mean | Worked Full−time | |\n| with from | Year−round Total | Total Universe: 11 33 19 |\n| Source Source | | Under 0.50 4 10 5 |\n| | Both Sexes: $26,250 $8,333 | 0.50 − 0.74 2 0 0 |\n|Earnings 49 $17,200 | Male $30,625 $13,750 | 0.75 − 0.99 3 16 0 |\n| | Female $21,250 $7,500 | 1.00 − 1.24 0 0 0 |\n|Wages or Salary 44 $17,989 |______________________________________________| 1.25 − 1.49 0 5 5 |\n| | P88. RATIO OF INCOME IN 1999 TO POVERTY LEVEL| 1.50 − 1.74 0 0 0 |\n|Self Employment 9 $5,700 | Universe: Population for Whom Poverty | 1.75 − 1.84 0 0 0 |\n| | Status is Determined | 1.85 − 1.99 0 0 2 |\n|Interest, Dividends, | Cumulative | 2.00 & over 2 2 7 |\n|or Net Rental 26 $18,000 | Persons Percent | |\n| | | 18 to 44 4 5 to 64 65 and Over |\n|Social Security 41 $12,849 | Total Universe: 211 100.0% | |\n| | Under 0.50 43 20.4% | Total Universe: 62 53 33 |\n|Supplemental | 0.50 − 0.74 12 26.1% | Under 0.50 15 9 0 |\n|Security (SSI) 11 $4,264 | 0.75 − 0.99 32 41.2% | 0.50 − 0.74 2 6 2 |\n| | 1.00 − 1.24 20 50.7% | 0.75 − 0.99 9 4 0 |\n|Public Assistance 12 $4,767 | 1.25 − 1.49 28 64.0% | 1.00 − 1.24 9 9 2 |\n| | 1.50 − 1.74 0 64.0% | 1.25 − 1.49 4 10 4 |\n|Retirement 27 $8,263 | 1.75 − 1.84 0 64.0% | 1.50 − 1.74 0 0 0 |\n| | 1.85 − 1.99 7 67.3% | 1.75 − 1.84 0 0 0 |\n|Other Types 28 $8,586 | 2.00 & over 69 100.0% | 1.85 − 1.99 0 5 0 |\n| | | 2.00 & over 23 10 25 |\n|____________________________________________|______________________________________________|__________________________________ _____________________|\n|P87/P159A−I. POVERTY STATUS IN 1999 BY AGE BY RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN |\n|Universe: Population for Whom Poverty Status is Determined |\n| −−−− Black/African −−−− −− American Indian/−− |\n| −−−−−− All Races −−−−−− −−−−− White Alone −−−−− American Alone Alaska Native Alone −−− −− Asian Alone −−−−− |\n| Below Above Below Above Below Above Below Above Below Above |\n| |\n|Total Universe: 87 124 79 116 0 0 8 3 0 0 |\n| Under 5 Years 9 2 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| 5 Years 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| 6 to 11 Years 21 7 15 7 0 0 6 0 0 0 |\n| 12 to 17 Years 5 14 5 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| 18 to 64 Years 45 70 43 62 0 0 2 3 0 0 |\n| 65 to 74 Years 0 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| 75 Years & Over 2 11 2 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| Native Hawaiian & Other * −−− −− White Alone −−−−− |\n| Pacific Islander Alone −− Other Race Alone −− −− Two or More Races −− * − Hispanic or Latino − no t Hispanic or Latino |\n| Below Above Below Above Below Above * Below Above Below Above |\n| * |\n|Total Universe: 0 0 0 0 0 5 * 0 0 79 116 |\n| Under 5 Years 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 9 2 |\n| 5 Years 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 5 0 |\n| 6 to 11 Years 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 15 7 |\n| 12 to 17 Years 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 5 14 |\n| 18 to 64 Years 0 0 0 0 0 5 * 0 0 43 62 |\n| 65 to 74 Years 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 20 |\n| 75 Years & Over 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 2 11 |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 10 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Primary Profile 11: POVERTY STATUS OF FAMILIES IN 1999 BY RACE & HISPANIC OR LATINO Prime−11\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|P90/P160A−I. POVERTY STATUS IN 1999 OF FAMILIES BY PRESENCE AND AGE OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS BY HOUSEHOLDER’S RACE & HISP/LATINO ORIGIN |\n|Universe: Families |\n| Black Amer Indian Nat Hawaiian Other Two or * White Alone|\n| All White /Af Amer /Alaska Nat Asian /Pac Isl Race More * Hispanic not Hisp.|\n| Races Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races * o r Latino or Latino|\n| * |\n|Total Families: 58 51 0 5 0 0 0 2 * 0 51|\n| * |\n| Below Poverty Level: 21 19 0 2 0 0 0 0 * 0 19|\n| Marr. Couple Families: 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 3|\n| Related Child <18: 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 3|\n| Under 5 Only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| Under 5 and 5−17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| 5−17 Only 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 3|\n| No Children <18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| Other Families: 18 16 0 2 0 0 0 0 * 0 16|\n| Male Householder, * |\n| no Wife Present: 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 6|\n| Related Child <18: 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 6|\n| Under 5 Only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| Under 5 and 5−17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| 5−17 Only 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 6|\n| No Children <18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| Female Householder, * |\n| no Husband Present: 12 10 0 2 0 0 0 0 * 0 10|\n| Related Child <18: 10 8 0 2 0 0 0 0 * 0 8|\n| Under 5 Only 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 4|\n| Under 5 and 5−17 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 2|\n| 5−17 Only 4 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 * 0 2|\n| No Children <18 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 2|\n| * |\n| Above Poverty Level: 37 32 0 3 0 0 0 2 * 0 32|\n| Marr. Couple Families: 25 22 0 3 0 0 0 0 * 0 22|\n| Related Child <18: 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 6|\n| Under 5 Only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| Under 5 and 5−17 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 2|\n| 5−17 Only 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 4|\n| No Children <18 19 16 0 3 0 0 0 0 * 0 16|\n| Other Families: 12 10 0 0 0 0 0 2 * 0 10|\n| Male Householder, * |\n| no Wife Present: 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 3|\n| Related Child <18: 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 3|\n| Under 5 Only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| Under 5 and 5−17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| 5−17 Only 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 3|\n| No Children <18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| Female Householder, * |\n| no Husband Present: 9 7 0 0 0 0 0 2 * 0 7|\n| Related Child <18: 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 4|\n| Under 5 Only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| Under 5 and 5−17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0|\n| 5−17 Only 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 4|\n| No Children <18 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 * 0 3|\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 11 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Secondary Profile 1: HOUSEHOLD TYPE BY CHILDREN AND HOUSEHOLD SIZE; VETERAN STATUS BY SEX 2NDRY−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| P12. HOUSEHOLDS BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS |P14. HOUSEHOLDS BY T YPE BY HOUSEHOLD SIZE|\n| Universe: Households |Universe: Households |\n| | |\n| Householder Householder Householder | Pct. |\n| −−−− Any Age −−− −−−−15 to 64−−−− −−−65 and Over−−− |All households: 96 100.0 |\n| | 1−person households 34 35.4 |\n| All types of households: 96 100.0 68 70.8 28 29.2 | 2−person households 33 34.4 |\n| | 3−person households 17 17.7 |\n| Family households: 58 60.4 45 46.9 13 13.5 | 4−person households 11 11.5 |\n| | 5−person households 0 0.0 |\n| Married couple families: 28 29.2 16 16.7 12 12.5 | 6−person households 1 1.0 |\n| With own children under 18 years 9 9.4 9 9.4 0 0.0 | 7−or−more person |\n| No own children under 18 years 19 19.8 7 7.3 12 12.5 | households 0 0.0 |\n| | |\n| Other families: 30 31.3 29 30.2 1 1.0 |Family households: 58 60.4 |\n| Male householder, no wife present: 9 9.4 9 9.4 0 0.0 | 2−person households 29 30.2 |\n| With own children under 18 years 9 9.4 9 9.4 0 0.0 | 3−person households 17 17.7 |\n| No own children under 18 years 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 | 4−person households 11 11.5 |\n| Female householder, no husband present: 21 21.9 20 20.8 1 1.0 | 5−person households 0 0.0 |\n| With own children under 18 years 13 13.5 13 13.5 0 0.0 | 6−person households 1 1.0 |\n| No own children under 18 years 8 8.3 7 7.3 1 1.0 | 7−or−more person |\n| | households 0 0.0 |\n| Nonfamily households: 38 39.6 23 24.0 15 15.6 | |\n| Householder living alone 34 35.4 19 19.8 15 15.6 |Nonfamily households : 38 39.6 |\n| Householder not living alone 4 4.2 4 4.2 0 0.0 | 1−person households 34 35.4 |\n| | 2−person households 4 4.2 |\n|_________________________________________________________________________________________________________| 3−person households 0 0.0 |\n| P16. OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 BY FAMILY TYPE BY AGE | 4−person households 0 0.0 |\n| Universe: Own Children under 18 years | 5−person households 0 0.0 |\n| −−−−−−−−−−In Other Families−−−−−−−−− | 6−person households 0 0.0 |\n| −−In All Types−− In Married Couple Male Householder, Female Householder, | 7−or−more person |\n| −−−of Families−− −−−−Families−−−− No Wife Present No Husband Present | households 0 0.0 |\n| Total under 18: 52 100.0 11 21.2 15 28.8 26 50.0 | |\n| Under 3 years 7 13.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 13.5 | |\n| 3 and 4 years 4 7.7 2 3.8 0 0.0 2 3.8 | |\n| 5 years 5 9.6 0 0.0 3 5.8 2 3.8 | |\n| 6 to 11 years 23 44.2 2 3.8 10 19.2 11 21.2 | |\n| 12 and 13 years 4 7.7 4 7.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 | |\n| 14 years 6 11.5 2 3.8 0 0.0 4 7.7 | |\n| 15 to 17 years 3 5.8 1 1.9 2 3.8 0 0.0 | |\n| | |\n|_________________________________________________________________________________________________________|____________________ _____________________|\n| |\n| P39. ARMED FORCES STATUS BY VETERAN STATUS BY SEX BY AGE |\n| Universe: Population 18 years and over |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−Total−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−18 to 64 Years−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−65 Years and o ver−−−−−−−−− |\n| Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female |\n| Total pop. 18+: 148 73 75 115 57 58 33 16 17 |\n| In armed forces 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| Civilian: 148 73 75 115 57 58 33 16 17 |\n| Veteran 26 26 0 12 12 0 14 14 0 |\n| Nonveteran 122 47 75 103 45 58 19 2 17 |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 12 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Secondary Profile 2: LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY AGE; HOUSEHOLD LANGUAGE; FOREIGN−BORN POPULATION 2NDRY−2\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| P19. LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME AND ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH BY AGE |\n| Universe: Population 5 years old and over |\n| |\n| All Ages Pct. 5 to 17 Pct. 18 to 64 Pct. 65 & O ver Pct. |\n| |\n| Total population 5 and over: 200 100.0 52 26.0 115 57.5 33 16.5 |\n| Speak only English 194 97.0 52 26.0 109 54.5 33 16.5 |\n| |\n| Speak Spanish: 3 1.5 0 0.0 3 1.5 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"very well\" 3 1.5 0 0.0 3 1.5 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"well\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"not well\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"not at all\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| |\n| Speak other Indo−European lang.: 3 1.5 0 0.0 3 1.5 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"very well\" 1 0.5 0 0.0 1 0.5 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"well\" 2 1.0 0 0.0 2 1.0 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"not well\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"not at all\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| |\n| Speak Asian & Pacific Island lang.: 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"very well\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"well\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"not well\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"not at all\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| |\n| Speak other language: 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"very well\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"well\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"not well\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n| Speak English \"not at all\" 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| P20. HOUSEHOLD LANGUAGE BY LINGUISTIC ISOLATION | P22. YEAR OF ENTRY FOR THE FOREIGN−BORN | P23. YEAR OF ENTRY BY CI TIZENSHIP STATUS FOR |\n| Universe: Households | POPULATION | THE FOREIGN−BORN POPULAT ION |\n| | Universe: Foreign−born population | Universe: Foreign−born p opulation |\n| Pct. | | |\n| Total households: 96 100.0 | | Pct. |\n| | Pct. | Total foreign−born: 0 . |\n| English 90 93.8 | Total foreign−born: 0 . | Year of entry 1990 |\n| | 1995 to March 2000 0 . | to March 2000: 0 . |\n| Spanish: 3 3.1 | 1990 to 1994 0 . | Naturalized citizen 0 . |\n| Linguistically isolated 0 0.0 | 1985 to 1989 0 . | Not a citizen 0 . |\n| Not linguistically isolated 3 3.1 | 1980 to 1984 0 . | |\n| | 1975 to 1979 0 . | Year of entry 1980 |\n| Other Indo−European language: 3 3.1 | 1970 to 1974 0 . | to 1989: 0 . |\n| Linguistically isolated 2 2.1 | 1965 to 1969 0 . | Naturalized citizen 0 . |\n| Not linguistically isolated 1 1.0 | Before 1965 0 . | Not a citizen 0 . |\n| | | |\n| Asian or Pacific Island lang.: 0 0.0 | | Year of entry |\n| Linguistically isolated 0 0.0 | | before 1980: 0 . |\n| Not linguistically isolated 0 0.0 | | Naturalized citizen 0 . |\n| | | Not a citizen 0 . |\n| Other language: 0 0.0 | | |\n| Linguistically isolated 0 0.0 | | |\n| Not linguistically isolated 0 0.0 | | |\n| | | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 13 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Secondary Profile 3: COMMUTE TIME; TIME LEAVING HOME; VEHICLE OCCUPANCY; RESIDENCE IN 1995 2NDRY−3\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| P32/P33. TRAVEL TIME TO WORK BY MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK | P34. TIME LEAVING HOME TO GO TO WORK |\n| Universe: Workers 16 years old and over who did not work at home | Universe: Workers 16 years old and o ver |\n| | Pct. |\n| Public Other | Total workers 16 and over: 40 100.0 |\n| Total Pct. Transp. Pct. Means Pct. | Did not work at home: 35 87.5 |\n| Total out−of−home workers: 35 100.0 0 0.0 35 100.0 | 12:00 a.m. to 4:59 a.m. 6 15.0 |\n| Less than 30 min. 20 57.1 0 0.0 20 57.1 | 5:00 a.m. to 5:29 a.m. 2 5.0 |\n| 30 to 44 min. 9 25.7 0 0.0 9 25.7 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:59 a.m. 6 15.0 |\n| 45 to 59 min. 2 5.7 0 0.0 2 5.7 | 6:00 a.m. to 6:29 a.m. 1 2.5 |\n| 60 or more min. 4 11.4 0 0.0 4 11.4 | 6:30 a.m. to 6:59 a.m. 0 0.0 |\n| | 7:00 a.m. to 7:29 a.m. 7 17.5 |\n| Mean travel time to work: 22 minutes . minutes 22 minutes | 7:30 a.m. to 7:59 a.m. 0 0.0 |\n| | 8:00 a.m. to 8:29 a.m. 0 0.0 |\n|________________________________________________________________________________________| 8:30 a.m. to 8:59 a.m. 0 0.0 |\n| P25. RESIDENCE IN 1995 − MSA/PMSA LEVEL | 9:00 a.m. to 9:59 a.m. 0 0.0 |\n| Universe: Population 5 years old and over | 10:00 a.m. to 10:59 a.m. 2 5.0 |\n| Pct. | 11:00 a.m. to 11:59 a.m. 0 0.0 |\n| Total population 5 years old and over: 200 100.0 | 12:00 p.m. to 3:59 p.m. 9 22.5 |\n| Living in an MSA/PMSA in 2000: 0 0.0 | 4:00 p.m. to 11:59 p.m. 2 5.0 |\n| Same house in 1995 0 0.0 | Worked at home 5 12.5 |\n| Different house in 1995: 0 0.0 |_____________________________________ _____________________|\n| In United States in 1995: 0 0.0 | P35. PRIVATE VEHICLE OCCUPANCY |\n| Same MSA/PMSA in 1995: 0 0.0 | Universe: Workers 16 years old and o ver |\n| Central city 0 0.0 | |\n| Remainder of this MSA/PMSA 0 0.0 | Total workers 16 and over: 40 100.0 |\n| Different MSA/PMSA in 1995: 0 0.0 | Car, truck, or van: 33 82.5 |\n| Central city 0 0.0 | Drove alone 31 77.5 |\n| Remainder of different MSA/PMSA 0 0.0 | Carpooled: 2 5.0 |\n| Not in an MSA/PMSA in 1995 0 0.0 | 2−person carpool 2 5.0 |\n| In Puerto Rico in 1995: 0 0.0 | 3−person carpool 0 0.0 |\n| Same MSA/PMSA in 1995: 0 0.0 | 4−person carpool 0 0.0 |\n| Central city 0 0.0 | 5− or 6−person carpool 0 0.0 |\n| Remainder of this MSA/PMSA 0 0.0 | 7− or more person carpool 0 0.0 |\n| Different MSA/PMSA in 1995: 0 0.0 | Other means (inc. worked at home) 7 17.5 |\n| Central city 0 0.0 |_____________________________________ _____________________|\n| Remainder of different MSA/PMSA 0 0.0 | P24. RESIDENCE IN 1995 − STATE AND C OUNTY LEVEL |\n| Not in an MSA/PMSA in 1995 0 0.0 | Universe: Population 5 years old and over |\n| Elsewhere in 1995 0 0.0 | |\n| | Total population 5 and over: 200 100.0 |\n| Not living in an MSA/PMSA in 2000: 200 100.0 | Same house in 1995 122 61.0 |\n| Same house in 1995 122 61.0 | Different house in 1995: 78 39.0 |\n| Different house in 1995: 78 39.0 | In United States in 1995: 78 39.0 |\n| In United States in 1995: 78 39.0 | Same county 51 25.5 |\n| In an MSA/PMSA in 1995: 25 12.5 | Different county: 27 13.5 |\n| Central city 14 7.0 | Same state 17 8.5 |\n| Remainder of MSA/PMSA 11 5.5 | Different state: 10 5.0 |\n| Not in MSA/PMSA in 1995 53 26.5 | Northeast 0 0.0 |\n| In Puerto Rico in 1995: 0 0.0 | Midwest 0 0.0 |\n| In an MSA/PMSA in 1995: 0 0.0 | South 0 0.0 |\n| Central city 0 0.0 | West 10 5.0 |\n| Remainder of MSA/PMSA 0 0.0 | In Puerto Rico in 1995: 0 0.0 |\n| Not in an MSA/PMSA in 1995 0 0.0 | Same municipio 0 0.0 |\n| Elsewhere in 1995 0 0.0 | Different municipio 0 0.0 |\n| | Elsewhere in 1995: 0 0.0 |\n| | U.S. Island Areas 0 0.0 |\n| | Foreign country or at sea 0 0.0 |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 14 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Secondary Profile 4: DISABILITY STATUS AND TYPES OF DISABILITY; PERIOD OF MILITARY SERVICE 2NDRY−4\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| P42. DISABILITY STATUS BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY SEX BY AGE |P41. TYPES OF DISABILITY BY AGE FOR THE CIVI LIAN |\n| Universe: Civilian noninstitutionalized population 5 years old and over | NONINSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION |\n| |Universe: Total disabilities tallied for the civilian |\n| Total Pct. Male Pct. Female Pct. |noninstitutionalized population 5 years & ov er with disabilities |\n| All age groups: 200 100.0 90 45.0 110 55.0 | Pct. |\n| With a disability: 65 32.5 39 19.5 26 13.0 |Total disabilities tallied, all age groups: 169 100.0 |\n| Employed* 4 2.0 2 1.0 2 1.0 | Sensory disability 23 13.6 |\n| Not employed* 38 19.0 21 10.5 17 8.5 | Physical disability 51 30.2 |\n| No disability: 135 67.5 51 25.5 84 42.0 | Mental disability 30 17.8 |\n| Employed* 31 15.5 11 5.5 20 10.0 | Self−care disability 14 8.3 |\n| Not employed* 48 24.0 23 11.5 25 12.5 | Go−outside−home disability** 24 14.2 |\n| | Employment disability* 27 16.0 |\n| 5 to 15 years: 46 23.0 17 8.5 29 14.5 | |\n| With a disability: 6 3.0 6 3.0 0 0.0 |Total disabilities tallied for 5 to 15 yrs: 8 4.7 |\n| No disability 40 20.0 11 5.5 29 14.5 | Sensory disability 4 2.4 |\n| 16 to 20 years: 14 7.0 4 2.0 10 5.0 | Physical disability 0 0.0 |\n| With a disability: 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 | Mental disability 4 2.4 |\n| Employed 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 | Self−care disability 0 0.0 |\n| Not employed 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 | |\n| No disability: 14 7.0 4 2.0 10 5.0 |Total disabilities tallied for 16 to 64 yrs: 117 69.2 |\n| Employed 2 1.0 0 0.0 2 1.0 | Sensory disability 8 4.7 |\n| Not employed 12 6.0 4 2.0 8 4.0 | Physical disability 38 22.5 |\n| 21 to 64 years: 107 53.5 53 26.5 54 27.0 | Mental disability 20 11.8 |\n| With a disability: 42 21.0 23 11.5 19 9.5 | Self−care disability 6 3.6 |\n| Employed 4 2.0 2 1.0 2 1.0 | Go−outside−home disability 18 10.7 |\n| Not employed 38 19.0 21 10.5 17 8.5 | Employment disability 27 16.0 |\n| No disability: 65 32.5 30 15.0 35 17.5 | |\n| Employed 29 14.5 11 5.5 18 9.0 |Total disabilities tallied for 65 years plus : 44 26.0 |\n| Not employed 36 18.0 19 9.5 17 8.5 | Sensory disability 11 6.5 |\n| 65 to 74 years: 20 10.0 9 4.5 11 5.5 | Physical disability 13 7.7 |\n| With a disability 9 4.5 6 3.0 3 1.5 | Mental disability 6 3.6 |\n| No disability 11 5.5 3 1.5 8 4.0 | Self−care disability 8 4.7 |\n| 75 years and over: 13 6.5 7 3.5 6 3.0 | Go−outside−home disability 6 3.6 |\n| With a disability 8 4.0 4 2.0 4 2.0 | |\n| No disability 5 2.5 3 1.5 2 1.0 | |\n|_________________________________________________________________________________|____________________________________________ _____________________|\n| |\n| P40. PERIOD OF MILITARY SERVICE FOR VETERAN CIVILIANS |\n| Universe: Civilian veterans 18 years old and over (26) |\n| Pct. |\n| August 1990 or later: 6 23.1 : Vietnam era, no Korean War, no World War II Pct. |\n| Served in Vietnam era 2 7.7 : no August 1990 or later 6 23.1 |\n| No Vietnam era service: 4 15.4 : Vietnam era and Korean War, no World War II |\n| Served Sept. 1980 or later only: 0 0.0 : no August 1990 or later 0 0.0 |\n| Served under 2 years 0 0.0 : Vietnam era, Korean War, and World War II |\n| Served 2 or more years 0 0.0 : no August 1990 or later 0 0.0 |\n| Served prior to September 1980 4 15.4 : February 1955 to July 1964 only 0 0.0 |\n| May 1975 to July 1990 only: 0 0.0 : Korean War, no Vietnam era, no World War II 9 34.6 |\n| September 1980 to July 1990 only: 0 0.0 : Korean War and World War II, no Vietnam era 0 0.0 |\n| Served under 2 years 0 0.0 : World War II, no Korean War, no Vietnam era 5 19.2 |\n| Served 2 or more years 0 0.0 : Other service only 0 0.0 |\n| Other May 1975 to July 1990 service 0 0.0 : |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| |\n| * Employment status by disability status was determined only for the 16 to 64 year old population. |\n| ** Go−outside−home disability status was determined only for the population 16 years old and over. |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 15 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Ancestry Profile 1: FIRST AND SECOND ANCESTRIES REPORTED Ancy−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| PCT15. ANCESTRY SUMMARY |\n| Universe: Total population (211) |\n| Pct. Pct. |\n| Total persons reporting a classifiable ancestry: 174 82.5 : Total persons not reporting a classifiable ancestr y: 37 17.5 |\n| Reporting a single ancestry 101 47.9 : Ancestry not classifiable by the Census Bureau 1 0.5 |\n| Reporting multiple ancestries 73 34.6 : No ancestry reported by the respondent 36 17.1 |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| |\n| PCT16/PCT17. FIRST AND SECOND ANCESTRIES REPORTED |\n| Universe: Total persons reporting at least one classifiable ancestry (174) |\n| |\n| First Second First Second First Second |\n| Ancestry Ancestry Ancestry Ancestry Ancestry Ancestry |\n| Reported Reported Reported Reported Reported Reported |\n| |\n| Total 1st/2nd ancestry: 174 73 Finnish 2 0 Ghanian 0 0 |\n| Acadian/Cajun 0 0 French (exc. Basque) 0 3 Kenyan 0 0 |\n| Afghan 0 0 French Canadian 0 0 Liberian 0 0 |\n| Albanian 0 0 German 42 8 Nigerian 0 0 |\n| Alsatian 0 0 German Russian 0 0 Senegalese 0 0 |\n| Arab: 0 0 Greek 0 0 Sierra Leonean 0 0 |\n| Egyptian 0 0 Guyanese 0 0 Somalian 0 0 |\n| Iraqi 0 0 Hungarian 0 0 South African 0 0 |\n| Jordanian 0 0 Icelander 0 0 Sudanese 0 0 |\n| Lebanese 0 0 Iranian 0 0 Ugandan 0 0 |\n| Moroccan 0 0 Irish 21 22 Zairian 0 0 |\n| Palestinian 0 0 Israeli 0 0 Zimbabwean 0 0 |\n| Syrian 0 0 Italian 5 0 African 0 0 |\n| Arab/Arabic 0 0 Latvian 0 0 Other Subsaharan African 0 0 |\n| Other Arab 0 0 Lithuanian 0 0 Swedish 4 0 |\n| Armenian 0 0 Luxemburger 0 0 Swiss 0 0 |\n| Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac 0 0 Macedonian 0 0 Turkish 0 0 |\n| Australian 0 0 Maltese 0 0 Ukrainian 0 0 |\n| Austrian 2 8 New Zealander 0 0 U.S. or American* 12 0 |\n| Basque 0 0 Northern European 0 0 Welsh 6 0 |\n| Belgian 0 0 Norwegian 6 4 West Indian (excluding |\n| Brazilian 0 0 Pennsylvania German 0 0 Hispanic groups): 0 0 |\n| British 6 0 Polish 0 0 Bahamian 0 0 |\n| Bulgarian 0 0 Portuguese 4 0 Barbadian 0 0 |\n| Canadian 2 0 Romanian 0 0 Belizean 0 0 |\n| Carpatho Rusyn 0 0 Russian 0 0 Bermudan 0 0 |\n| Celtic 0 0 Scandinavian 2 0 British West Indian 0 0 |\n| Croatian 0 0 Scotch−Irish 0 2 Dutch West Indian 0 0 |\n| Cypriot 0 0 Scottish 0 5 Haitian 0 0 |\n| Czech 0 0 Serbian 0 0 Jamaican 0 0 |\n| Czechoslovakian 0 0 Slavic 0 0 Trinidadian & Tobagonian 0 0 |\n| Danish 3 0 Slovak 0 0 U.S. Virgin Islander 0 0 |\n| Dutch 0 5 Slovene 0 0 West Indian 0 0 |\n| Eastern European 0 0 Soviet Union 0 0 Other West Indian 0 0 |\n| English 37 0 Subsaharan African: 0 0 Yugoslavian 0 0 |\n| Estonian 0 0 Cape Verdean 0 0 Other groups** 20 13 |\n| European 0 3 Ethiopian 0 0 |\n| |\n| * Includes only people reporting \"U.S.\" or \"American\" as their sole ancestry. For example, \"Irish−American\" is tallied only as \"Irish\". |\n| ** Includes most reported ancestries which are equivalent to specific race & Hispanic/Latino groups, such as Cree, Thai, Samo an & Cuban. |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 16 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Ancestry Profile 2: TOTAL ANCESTRIES TALLIED Ancy−2\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| PCT18. ANCESTRY (TOTAL CATEGORIES TALLIED*) |\n| Universe: Total ancestry categories tallied* for people with one or more ancestry categories reported |\n| |\n| [Note: Only 174 people or 82.5% of the total population (211) reported a classifiable ancestry.] |\n| |\n| Specified Pct. Specified Pct. Specified Pct. |\n| Ancestries of Ancestries of Ancestries of |\n| Tallied Pop. Tallied Pop. Tallied Pop. |\n| |\n| Total ancestries tallied*: 247 117.06 |\n| |\n| Acadian/Cajun 0 0.00 French (except Basque) 3 1.42 Kenyan 0 0.00 |\n| Afghan 0 0.00 French Canadian 0 0.00 Liberian 0 0.00 |\n| Albanian 0 0.00 German 50 23.70 Nigerian 0 0.00 |\n| Alsatian 0 0.00 German Russian 0 0.00 Senegalese 0 0.00 |\n| Arab: 0 0.00 Greek 0 0.00 Sierra Leonean 0 0.00 |\n| Egyptian 0 0.00 Guyanese 0 0.00 Somalian 0 0.00 |\n| Iraqi 0 0.00 Hungarian 0 0.00 South African 0 0.00 |\n| Jordanian 0 0.00 Icelander 0 0.00 Sudanese 0 0.00 |\n| Lebanese 0 0.00 Iranian 0 0.00 Ugandan 0 0.00 |\n| Moroccan 0 0.00 Irish 43 20.38 Zairian 0 0.00 |\n| Palestinian 0 0.00 Israeli 0 0.00 Zimbabwean 0 0.00 |\n| Syrian 0 0.00 Italian 5 2.37 African 0 0.00 |\n| Arab/Arabic 0 0.00 Latvian 0 0.00 Other Subsaharan African 0 0.00 |\n| Other Arab 0 0.00 Lithuanian 0 0.00 Swedish 4 1.90 |\n| Armenian 0 0.00 Luxemburger 0 0.00 Swiss 0 0.00 |\n| Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac 0 0.00 Macedonian 0 0.00 Turkish 0 0.00 |\n| Australian 0 0.00 Maltese 0 0.00 Ukrainian 0 0.00 |\n| Austrian 10 4.74 New Zealander 0 0.00 United States or American** 12 5.69 |\n| Basque 0 0.00 Northern European 0 0.00 Welsh 6 2.84 |\n| Belgian 0 0.00 Norwegian 10 4.74 West Indian (excluding |\n| Brazilian 0 0.00 Pennsylvania German 0 0.00 Hispanic groups): 0 0.00 |\n| British 6 2.84 Polish 0 0.00 Bahamian 0 0.00 |\n| Bulgarian 0 0.00 Portuguese 4 1.90 Barbadian 0 0.00 |\n| Canadian 2 0.95 Romanian 0 0.00 Belizean 0 0.00 |\n| Carpatho Rusyn 0 0.00 Russian 0 0.00 Bermudan 0 0.00 |\n| Celtic 0 0.00 Scandinavian 2 0.95 British West Indian 0 0.00 |\n| Croatian 0 0.00 Scotch−Irish 2 0.95 Dutch West Indian 0 0.00 |\n| Cypriot 0 0.00 Scottish 5 2.37 Haitian 0 0.00 |\n| Czech 0 0.00 Serbian 0 0.00 Jamaican 0 0.00 |\n| Czechoslovakian 0 0.00 Slavic 0 0.00 Trinidadian & Tobagonian 0 0.00 |\n| Danish 3 1.42 Slovak 0 0.00 U.S. Virgin Islander 0 0.00 |\n| Dutch 5 2.37 Slovene 0 0.00 West Indian 0 0.00 |\n| Eastern European 0 0.00 Soviet Union 0 0.00 Other West Indian 0 0.00 |\n| English 37 17.54 Subsaharan African: 0 0.00 Yugoslavian 0 0.00 |\n| Estonian 0 0.00 Cape Verdean 0 0.00 Other groups*** 33 15.64 |\n| European 3 1.42 Ethiopian 0 0.00 |\n| Finnish 2 0.95 Ghanian 0 0.00 |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| * Total ancestries tallied is the total number of people reporting each specific ancestry either first or second in their r esponse to |\n| the ancestry question. For example, someone responding \"Irish−German−Dutch\" is counted in both the Irish and German ances try groups, |\n| but the third response is not tallied. Total tallies can be greater than the total population, even though many people l eft this |\n| question unanswered. This is the only question for which the Census Bureau did not impute any answers for non−respondent s. |\n| ** Includes only people reporting \"U.S.\" or \"American\" as their sole ancestry. For example, \"Irish−American\" is tallied onl y as \"Irish\". |\n| *** Includes most reported ancestries which are equivalent to specific race & Hispanic/Latino groups, such as Cree, Thai, Sam oan & Cuban. |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 17 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Ancestry Profile 3: PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN−BORN POPULATION Ancy−3\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| PCT19. PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN−BORN POPULATION |\n| Universe: Foreign−born population (0 or 0.0% of Total population: 211) |\n| |\n| |\n| Europe: 0 Asia: 0 Africa: 0 Americas: 0 |\n| Northern Europe: 0 Eastern Asia: 0 Eastern Africa: 0 Latin America 0 |\n| United Kingdom 0 China: 0 Ethiopia 0 Caribbean: 0 |\n| Ireland 0 China, excluding Hong Kong Other Eastern Africa 0 Barbados 0 |\n| Sweden 0 & Taiwan 0 Middle Africa 0 Cuba 0 |\n| Other Northern Europe 0 Hong Kong 0 Northern Africa: 0 Dominican Rep ublic 0 |\n| Western Europe: 0 Taiwan 0 Egypt 0 Haiti 0 |\n| Austria 0 Japan 0 Other Northern Africa 0 Jamaica 0 |\n| France 0 Korea 0 Southern Africa: 0 Trinidad & To bago 0 |\n| Germany 0 Other Eastern Asia 0 South Africa 0 Other Caribbe an 0 |\n| Netherlands 0 South Central Asia: 0 Other Southern Africa 0 Central Americ a: 0 |\n| Other Western Europe 0 Afghanistan 0 Western Africa: 0 Mexico 0 |\n| Southern Europe: 0 Bangladesh 0 Ghana 0 Other Central America: 0 |\n| Greece 0 India 0 Nigeria 0 Costa Rica 0 |\n| Italy 0 Iran 0 Sierra Leone 0 El Salvador 0 |\n| Portugal 0 Pakistan 0 Other Western Africa 0 Guatemala 0 |\n| Spain 0 Other S. Central Asia 0 Africa, n.e.c.(1) 0 Honduras 0 |\n| Other Southern Europe 0 South Eastern Asia: 0 Nicaragua 0 |\n| Eastern Europe: 0 Cambodia 0 Oceania: 0 Panama 0 |\n| Czechoslovakia 0 Indonesia 0 Australia & New Zealand Other C. Ame rica 0 |\n| Hungary 0 Laos 0 Subregion: 0 South America: 0 |\n| Poland 0 Malaysia 0 Australia 0 Argentina 0 |\n| Romania 0 Philippines 0 Other Australian Bolivia 0 |\n| Belarus 0 Thailand 0 & New Zealand Subregion 0 Brazil 0 |\n| Russia 0 Vietnam 0 Melanesia 0 Chile 0 |\n| Ukraine 0 Other S. Eastern Asia 0 Micronesia 0 Colombia 0 |\n| Bosnia & Herzegovina 0 Western Asia: 0 Polynesia 0 Ecuador 0 |\n| Yugoslavia 0 Iraq 0 Oceania, n.e.c.(1) 0 Guyana 0 |\n| Other Eastern Europe 0 Israel 0 Peru 0 |\n| Europe, n.e.c.(1) 0 Jordan 0 Venezuela 0 |\n| Lebanon 0 Other South A merica 0 |\n| Syria 0 Northern Ameri ca: 0 |\n| Turkey 0 Canada 0 |\n| Armenia 0 Other N. Amer ica 0 |\n| Other Western Asia 0 |\n| Asia, n.e.c.(1) 0 Born at sea 0 |\n| |\n| |\n| 1. Not elsewhere classified |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 18 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Disability Profile 1: ALL TYPES BY AGE, SEX & EMPLOYMENT STATUS Dis−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| P41. TOTAL DISABILITIES TALLIED BY TYPE OF DISABILITY BY AGE FOR THE CIVILIAN NON−INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER W ITH DISABILITIES |\n| Universe: Total disabilities tallied for the civilian non−institutionalized population 5 years and over with disabilities |\n| |\n| Total 5 to 15 years 16 to 64 years 65 years & over |\n| |\n| Total disabilities tallied: 169 8 117 44 |\n| Sensory disability 23 4 8 11 |\n| Physical disability 51 0 38 13 |\n| Mental disability 30 4 20 6 |\n| Self−care disability 14 0 6 8 |\n| Go−outside−home disability** 24 18 6 |\n| Employment disability* 27 27 |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| P42. DISABILITY STATUS BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY SEX BY AGE FOR THE CIVILIAN NON−INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER |\n| Universe: Civilian non−institutionalized population 5 years and over |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Male −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Female −−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| Total 5 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over 5 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over|\n| |\n| With a disability: 65 6 0 23 6 4 0 0 19 3 4|\n| Employed* 4 0 2 0 2 |\n| Not employed* 38 0 21 0 17 |\n| |\n| No disability: 135 11 4 30 3 3 29 10 35 8 2|\n| Employed* 31 0 11 2 18 |\n| Not employed* 48 4 19 8 17 |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| PCT26. TYPES OF DISABILITY BY SEX BY AGE FOR THE CIVILIAN NON−INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER |\n| Universe: Civilian non−institutionalized population 5 years and over |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Male −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Fema le −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| Total 5 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 64 65 & over 5 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 64 65 & over|\n| |\n| With one type of disability: 16 4 0 0 3 0 0 5 4|\n| Sensory disability 7 2 0 0 3 0 0 2 0|\n| Physical disability 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3|\n| Mental disability 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1|\n| Self−care disability 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|\n| Go−outside−home disability** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|\n| Employment disability* 1 0 0 0 1 |\n| |\n| With two or more types of disability: 49 2 0 23 7 0 0 14 3|\n| Includes self−care disability 14 0 0 2 7 0 0 4 1|\n| Doesn’t include self−care disability: 35 2 0 21 0 0 0 10 2|\n| Go−outside−home** & employment only* 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| Other combination 31 0 21 0 10 |\n| |\n| No disability 135 11 4 30 6 29 10 35 10|\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * Employment status by disability status was determined only for the 16 to 64 year old population. |\n| ** Go−outside−home disability status was determined only for the 16 year old and over population. |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 19 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Disability Profile 2: SELECTED TYPES BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY DETAILED AGE Dis−2\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| PCT27/PCT28/PCT29/PCT30. SENSORY DISABILITY, PHYSICAL DISABILITY, MENTAL DISABILITY OR SELF−CARE DISABILITY BY EMPLOYMENT STA TUS BY SEX BY AGE |\n| FOR THE CIVILIAN NON−INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION 5 YEARS & OVER |\n| Universe: Civilian non−institutionalized population 5 years and over |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Male −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Female −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| Total 5 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over 5 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over|\n| |\n| With a sensory disability: 23 4 0 4 6 4 0 0 4 0 1|\n| Employed* 4 0 2 0 2 |\n| Not employed* 4 0 2 0 2 |\n| No sensory disability: 177 13 4 49 3 3 29 10 50 11 5|\n| Employed* 31 0 11 2 18 |\n| Not employed* 82 4 38 8 32 |\n| |\n| With a physical disability: 51 0 0 22 3 4 0 0 16 3 3|\n| Employed* 2 0 2 0 0 |\n| Not employed* 36 0 20 0 16 |\n| No physical disability: 149 17 4 31 6 3 29 10 38 8 3|\n| Employed* 33 0 11 2 20 |\n| Not employed* 50 4 20 8 18 |\n| |\n| With a mental disability: 30 4 0 13 3 2 0 0 7 0 1|\n| Employed* 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| Not employed* 20 0 13 0 7 |\n| No mental disability: 170 13 4 40 6 5 29 10 47 11 5|\n| Employed* 35 0 13 2 20 |\n| Not employed* 66 4 27 8 27 |\n| |\n| With a self−care disability: 14 0 0 2 3 4 0 0 4 0 1|\n| Employed* 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| Not employed* 6 0 2 0 4 |\n| No self−care disability: 186 17 4 51 6 3 29 10 50 11 5|\n| Employed* 35 0 13 2 20 |\n| Not employed* 80 4 38 8 30 |\n| |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| PCT31. GO−OUTSIDE−HOME DISABILITY BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY SEX BY AGE FOR THE CIVILIAN NON−INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION 16 YEA RS AND OVER |\n| Universe: Civilian non−institutionalized population 16 years and over |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Male −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Fema le −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| Total 16 to 20 21 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over 16 to 20 21 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over|\n| |\n| With a go−outside−home disability:** 24 0 14 0 4 0 4 0 2|\n| Employed* 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| Unemployed* 18 0 14 0 4 |\n| |\n| No go−outside−home disability:** 130 4 39 9 3 10 50 11 4|\n| Employed* 35 0 13 2 20 |\n| Unemployed* 68 4 26 8 30 |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * Employment status by disability status was determined only for the 16 to 64 year old population. |\n| ** Go−outside−home disability status was determined only for the 16 year old and over population. |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 20 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Disability Profile 3: BY EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATION & POVERTY STATUS Dis−3\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| PCT32. EMPLOYMENT DISABILITY BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY SEX BY AGE FOR THE CIVILIAN NON−INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION 16 TO 64 YE ARS* |\n| Universe: Civilian non−institutionalized population 16 to 64 Years |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−− Male −−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−− Female −−−− −−−−− |\n| Total 16 to 20 21 to 64 16 to 20 21 to 64 |\n| |\n| With an employment disability: 27 0 16 0 11 |\n| Employed 2 0 2 0 0 |\n| Unemployed 25 0 14 0 11 |\n| |\n| No employment disability: 94 4 37 10 43 |\n| Employed 33 0 11 2 20 |\n| Unemployed 61 4 26 8 23 |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| PCT33. DISABILITY STATUS BY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT BY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY SEX FOR THE CIVILIAN NON−INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULAT ION 18 TO 34 YEARS |\n| Universe: Civilian non−institutionalized population 18 to 34 Years |\n| |\n| Total Male Female Total Male Female |\n| |\n| With a disability: 1 1 0 No disability: 26 14 12 |\n| Enrolled in school: 0 0 0 Enrolled in school: 2 0 2 |\n| Below College 0 0 0 Below college 0 0 0 |\n| College or graduate school 0 0 0 College or graduate school 2 0 2 |\n| Not enrolled in school: 1 1 0 Not enrolled in school: 24 14 10 |\n| Not high school graduate 0 0 0 Not high school graduate 14 12 2 |\n| High school graduate High school graduate |\n| (includes equivalency) 1 1 0 (include equivalency) 6 0 6 |\n| Some college, no degree 0 0 0 Some college, no degree 4 2 2 |\n| Associate degree 0 0 0 Associate degree 0 0 0 |\n| Bachelor’s degree 0 0 0 Bachelor’s degree 0 0 0 |\n| Graduate or professional degree 0 0 0 Graduate or professional degree 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| PCT34. DISABILITY STATUS BY POVERTY STATUS BY SEX BY AGE FOR THE CIVILIAN NON−INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION 5 AND OVER IN THE POVERTY UNIVERSE** |\n| Universe: Civilian non−institutionalized population 5 years and over for whom poverty status is determined |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Male −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Fema le −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| Total 5 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 64 65 & over 5 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 64 65 & over |\n| |\n| With a disability: 65 6 0 23 10 0 0 19 7 |\n| Income in 1999 below poverty level 30 6 0 14 2 0 0 8 0 |\n| Income in 1999 at/above poverty level 35 0 0 9 8 0 0 11 7 |\n| |\n| No disability: 135 11 4 30 6 29 10 35 10 |\n| Income in 1999 below poverty level 48 7 0 9 0 15 3 14 0 |\n| Income in 1999 at/above poverty level 87 4 4 21 6 14 7 21 10 |\n| |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * Employment status by disability status was determined only for the 16 to 64 year old population. |\n| ** Poverty universe includes everyone EXCEPT (1) persons in institutions, military group quarters, and college dormitories |\n| and (2) unrelated individuals under 15 years old (children who are not related family members). |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 21 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Disability Profile 4: TOTAL TALLIES BY TYPE BY AGE BY RACE AND HISPANIC/LATINO Dis−4\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| PCT67 A−I. TOTAL DISABILITIES TALLIED BY TYPE OF DISABILITY BY AGE BY RACE (*) AND HISPANIC/LATINO ORIGIN (**) |\n| Universe: Total disabilities tallied for the civilian non−institutionalized population 5 years and over with disabilities |\n| |\n| Native |\n| American Hawaiian |\n| Black or Indian & Other White |\n| African & Alaska Pacific Some Two Alone, Not |\n| White American Native Asian Islander Other Race Or More Hispanic Hispanic |\n| Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races : o r Latino or Latino |\n| Age 5 to 15 years −− : |\n| Total disabilities tallied: 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 8 |\n| Sensory disability 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| Physical disability 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Mental disability 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| Self−care disability 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| : |\n| Age 16 to 64 years −− : |\n| Total disabilities tallied: 112 0 0 0 0 0 5 : 0 112 |\n| Sensory disability 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 6 |\n| Physical disability 37 0 0 0 0 0 1 : 0 37 |\n| Mental disability 19 0 0 0 0 0 1 : 0 19 |\n| Self−care disability 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6 |\n| Go−outside−home disability*** 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 18 |\n| Employment disability**** 26 0 0 0 0 0 1 : 0 26 |\n| : |\n| Age 65 years and over −− : |\n| Total disabilities tallied: 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 44 |\n| Sensory disability 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 11 |\n| Physical disability 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 13 |\n| Mental disability 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6 |\n| Self−care disability 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 8 |\n| Go−outside−home disability*** 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6 |\n| : |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−:−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| Age 5 years and over −− : |\n| Total disabilities tallied: 164 0 0 0 0 0 5 : 0 164 |\n| Sensory disability 21 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 21 |\n| Physical disability 50 0 0 0 0 0 1 : 0 50 |\n| Mental disability 29 0 0 0 0 0 1 : 0 29 |\n| Self−care disability 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 14 |\n| : |\n| Age 5 years and over −− : |\n| Total disabilities tallied: 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% : 100.0% 100.0% |\n| Sensory disability 12.8% . % . % . % . % . % 40.0% : . % 12.8% |\n| Physical disability 30.5% . % . % . % . % . % 20.0% : . % 30.5% |\n| Mental disability 17.7% . % . % . % . % . % 20.0% : . % 17.7% |\n| Self−care disability 8.5% . % . % . % . % . % 0.0% : . % 8.5% |\n| : |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive a nd include everyone. |\n| ** Hispanic or Latino origin is NOT considered a race. People who reported themselves as Hispanic or Latino are also counte d in the seven racial|\n| categories. |\n| *** Go−outside−home disability status was determined only for the 16 year old and over population. |\n| **** Employment status by disability status was determined only for the 16 to 64 year old population. |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 22 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Disability Profile 5: BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY RACE & HISPANIC/LATINO − PART 1: MALES Dis−5\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| PCT68 A−I.DISABILITY STATUS BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS(*) BY AGE FOR NON−INSTITUTIONALIZED MALES 5 AND OVER BY RACE(**) & HISPANIC ORIGIN(***) |\n| Universe: Civilian non−institutionalized population 5 years and over [PART 1 OF 2 − MALES] |\n| |\n| Black or American Native White |\n| African Indian & Hawaiian/ Some Two Alone, Not |\n| White American Alaska Asian Oth Pacific Other Race or More Hisp anic Hispanic |\n| Alone Alone Nat. Alone Alone Isl. Alone Alone Races : or La tino or Latino |\n| MALE: : |\n| Age 5 to 15 years: 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 17 |\n| With a disability 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6 |\n| No disability 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 11 |\n| : |\n| Age 16 to 20 years: 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| With a disability: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Employed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Not employed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| No disability: 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| Employed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Not employed 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| : |\n| Age 21 to 64 years: 50 0 3 0 0 0 0 : 0 50 |\n| With a disability: 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 23 |\n| Employed 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| Not employed 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 21 |\n| No disability: 27 0 3 0 0 0 0 : 0 27 |\n| Employed 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 11 |\n| Not employed 16 0 3 0 0 0 0 : 0 16 |\n| : |\n| Age 65 to 74 years: 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 9 |\n| With a disability 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6 |\n| No disability 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 |\n| : |\n| Age 75 years and over: 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 7 |\n| With a disability 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| No disability 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−:−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| Age 5 years and over: : |\n| With a disability 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 39 |\n| No disability 48 0 3 0 0 0 0 : 0 48 |\n| : |\n| Age 16 to 64 years: : |\n| With a disability: 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 23 |\n| Employed 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| Not employed 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 21 |\n| No disability: 31 0 3 0 0 0 0 : 0 31 |\n| Employed 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 11 |\n| Not employed 20 0 3 0 0 0 0 : 0 20 |\n| : |\n| Age 65 years and over: : |\n| With a disability 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 10 |\n| No disability 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * Employment status by disability status was determined only for the 16 to 64 year old population. |\n| ** For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive and include everyone. |\n|*** Hispanic/Latino origin is NOT considered a race. People who reported as Hispanic/Latino are also counted in the seven raci al categories. |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 23 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Disability Profile 6: BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY RACE & HISPANIC/LATINO − PART 2: FEMALES Dis−6\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| PCT68 A−I.DISABILITY STATUS BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS(*) BY AGE FOR NON−INSTITUTIONALIZED FEMALES 5 AND OVER BY RACE (**) & HISPAN IC ORIGIN(***) |\n| Universe: Civilian non−institutionalized population 5 years and over [PART 2 OF 2 − FEMALES] |\n| |\n| Black or American Native White |\n| African Indian & Hawaiian/ Some Two Alone, Not |\n| White American Alaska Asian Oth Pacific Other Race or More Hisp anic Hispanic |\n| Alone Alone Nat. Alone Alone Isl. Alone Alone Races : or La tino or Latino |\n| FEMALE: : |\n| Age 5 to 15 years: 23 0 6 0 0 0 0 : 0 23 |\n| With a disability 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| No disability 23 0 6 0 0 0 0 : 0 23 |\n| : |\n| Age 16 to 20 years: 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 8 |\n| With a disability: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Employed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Not employed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| No disability: 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 8 |\n| Employed 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| Not employed 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 6 |\n| : |\n| Age 21 to 64 years: 49 0 2 0 0 0 3 : 0 49 |\n| With a disability: 16 0 0 0 0 0 3 : 0 16 |\n| Employed 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 0 |\n| Not employed 16 0 0 0 0 0 1 : 0 16 |\n| No disability: 33 0 2 0 0 0 0 : 0 33 |\n| Employed 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 18 |\n| Not employed 15 0 2 0 0 0 0 : 0 15 |\n| : |\n| Age 65 to 74 years: 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 11 |\n| With a disability 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 |\n| No disability 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 8 |\n| : |\n| Age 75 years and over: 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6 |\n| With a disability 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| No disability 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−:−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| Age 5 years and over: : |\n| With a disability 23 0 0 0 0 0 3 : 0 23 |\n| No disability 74 0 8 0 0 0 2 : 0 74 |\n| : |\n| Age 16 to 64 years: : |\n| With a disability: 16 0 0 0 0 0 3 : 0 16 |\n| Employed 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 0 |\n| Not employed 16 0 0 0 0 0 1 : 0 16 |\n| No disability: 41 0 2 0 0 0 2 : 0 41 |\n| Employed 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 20 |\n| Not employed 21 0 2 0 0 0 2 : 0 21 |\n| : |\n| Age 65 years and over: : |\n| With a disability 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 7 |\n| No disability 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * Employment status by disability status was determined only for the 16 to 64 year old population. |\n| ** For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive and include everyone. |\n|*** Hispanic/Latino origin is NOT considered a race. People who reported as Hispanic/Latino are also counted in the seven raci al categories. |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 24 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Education Profile 1: DETAILED ATTAINMENT & ENROLLMENT; EDUCATION & EMPLOYMENT FOR AGE 16−19 Educ−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| P37. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY SEX | P38. ARMED FORCES STATUS BY SCH OOL ENROLLMENT |\n| Universe: Population 25 years and over | BY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY EM PLOYMENT STATUS |\n| | Universe: Population 16 TO 19 y ears |\n| Total Pct. Males Pct. Females Pct. | |\n| | Total Pct. |\n| Total population 25 and over: 136 100.0 67 100.0 69 100.0 | Total population 16 to 19 years : 8 100.0 |\n| No Schooling completed 2 1.5 0 0.0 2 2.9 | In Armed Forces: 0 0.0 |\n| Nursery to 4th grade 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 | Enrolled in school: 0 0.0 |\n| 5th and 6th grade 2 1.5 2 3.0 0 0.0 | High school graduate 0 0.0 |\n| 7th and 8th grade 13 9.6 7 10.4 6 8.7 | Not high school graduate 0 0.0 |\n| 9th grade 6 4.4 6 0.0 0 0.0 | Not enrolled in school: 0 0.0 |\n| 10th grade 4 2.9 0 0.0 4 5.8 | High school graduate 0 0.0 |\n| 11th grade 7 5.1 7 10.4 0 0.0 | Not high school graduate 0 0.0 |\n| 12th grade, no diploma 18 13.2 10 14.9 8 11.6 | Civilian: 8 100.0 |\n| High school graduate | Enrolled in school: 6 75.0 |\n| (includes equivalency) 37 27.2 17 25.4 20 29.0 | Employed 0 0.0 |\n| Some college, | Unemployed 2 25.0 |\n| less than 1 year 17 12.5 2 3.0 15 21.7 | Not in labor force 4 50.0 |\n| Some college, 1 or more | Not enrolled in school: 2 25.0 |\n| years, no degree 20 14.7 11 16.4 9 13.0 | High school graduate: 2 25.0 |\n| Associate degree 5 3.7 0 0.0 5 7.2 | Employed 0 0.0 |\n| Bachelor’s degree 5 3.7 5 7.5 0 0.0 | Unemployed 0 0.0 |\n| Master’s degree 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 | Not in labor force 2 25.0 |\n| Professional school degree 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 | Not high school graduate: 0 0.0 |\n| Doctorate degree 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 | Employed 0 0.0 |\n| | Unemployed 0 0.0 |\n| | Not in labor force 0 0.0 |\n|_____________________________________________________________________________________________|________________________________ _____________________|\n| PCT23. SCHOOL ENROLLMENT BY SEX BY AGE |\n| Universe: Population 3 years old and over |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Total−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Males−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Fem ales−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| Not Not Not |\n| Total Enrolled Enrolled Total Enrolled Enrolled Total En rolled Enrolled |\n| Total pop. 3 and over: 204 65 139 94 25 69 110 40 70 |\n| 3 and 4 years 4 4 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 |\n| 5 to 9 years 23 23 0 13 13 0 10 10 0 |\n| 10 to 14 years 23 23 0 4 4 0 19 19 0 |\n| 15 to 17 years 6 6 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 |\n| 18 and 19 years 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 |\n| 20 to 24 years 10 2 8 6 0 6 4 2 2 |\n| 25 to 34 years 15 0 15 9 0 9 6 0 6 |\n| 35 years and over 121 7 114 58 4 54 63 3 60 |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| PCT24. COLLEGE OR GRADUATE SCHOOL ENROLLMENT BY SEX BY AGE |\n| Universe: Population 15 years old and over |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Total−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Males−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Fem ales−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| Not Not Not |\n| Total Enrolled Enrolled Total Enrolled Enrolled Total En rolled Enrolled |\n| Total pop. 15 and over: 154 11 143 73 4 69 81 7 74 |\n| 15 and 17 years 6 2 4 0 0 0 6 2 4 |\n| 18 to 24 years 12 2 10 6 0 6 6 2 4 |\n| 25 to 34 years 15 0 15 9 0 9 6 0 6 |\n| 35 years and over 121 7 114 58 4 54 63 3 60 |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 25 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Education Profile 2: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY SEX BY AGE Educ−2\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| |\n| PCT25. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY SEX BY AGE |\n| Universe: Population 18 years and over |\n| |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Both Sexes−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| Total 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 64 65 and Over |\n| |\n| Total population 18 and over: 148 12 15 35 53 33 |\n| Less than 9th grade 17 0 0 2 8 7 |\n| 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 43 8 6 9 13 7 |\n| High school grad. (incl. equivalency) 39 2 5 10 10 12 |\n| Some college, no degree 39 2 4 13 20 0 |\n| Associate degree 5 0 0 1 0 4 |\n| Bachelor’s degree 5 0 0 0 2 3 |\n| Graduate or professional degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Males−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| Total 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 64 65 and Over |\n| |\n| Total males 18 and over: 73 6 9 14 28 16 |\n| Less than 9th grade 9 0 0 2 6 1 |\n| 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 29 6 6 3 7 7 |\n| High school grad. (incl. equivalency) 17 0 1 7 4 5 |\n| Some college, no degree 13 0 2 2 9 0 |\n| Associate degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| Bachelor’s degree 5 0 0 0 2 3 |\n| Graduate or professional degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Females−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| Total 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 64 65 and Over |\n| |\n| Total females 18 and over: 75 6 6 21 25 17 |\n| Less than 9th grade 8 0 0 0 2 6 |\n| 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 14 2 0 6 6 0 |\n| High school grad. (incl. equivalency) 22 2 4 3 6 7 |\n| Some college, no degree 26 2 2 11 11 0 |\n| Associate degree 5 0 0 1 0 4 |\n| Bachelor’s degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| Graduate or professional degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 26 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Household and Family Profile: MARITAL STATUS; HOUSEHOLDS, FAMILIES & SUBFAMILIES BY TYPE Family−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| | |\n| PCT7. MARITAL STATUS BY SEX BY AGE | PCT3. FAMILY TYPE BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLD ER |\n| Universe: Population 15 years and over | Universe: Families |\n| | |\n| −−−−−−−−−− Now Married −−−−−−−−−− | − − Other Families −− |\n| Never Spouse −−− Spouse Absent −−− | Married ( No Spouse Present) |\n| Married Present Separated Other Widowed Divorced | Householder Couple Male Female |\n| | Age−− Total Families H seholder Hseholder |\n| Total pop. 15+: 33 51 9 0 26 35 | |\n| | Any age: 58 28 9 21 |\n| Male: 15 27 2 0 10 19 | 15 to 24 2 0 0 2 |\n| 15 to 17 years 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 25 to 34 8 3 2 3 |\n| 18 and 19 years 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 35 to 44 16 6 2 8 |\n| 20 to 24 years 6 0 0 0 0 0 | 45 to 54 12 5 5 2 |\n| 25 to 29 years 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 55 to 59 2 0 0 2 |\n| 30 to 34 years 4 3 0 0 0 2 | 60 to 64 5 2 0 3 |\n| 35 to 44 years 3 6 2 0 0 3 | 65 to 74 9 9 0 0 |\n| 45 to 54 years 0 5 0 0 5 8 | 75 & over 4 3 0 1 |\n| 55 to 59 years 2 0 0 0 0 0 |______________________________________ _____________________|\n| 60 to 64 years 0 4 0 0 0 4 | |\n| 65 to 74 years 0 6 0 0 3 0 | PCT2. NONFAMILY HOUSEHOLDS BY HOUSEHO LDER’S SEX AND AGE |\n| 75 to 84 years 0 3 0 0 0 2 | Universe: Nonfamily households |\n| 85 years & over 0 0 0 0 2 0 | |\n| | −− Householder −−− |\n| Female: 18 24 7 0 16 16 | Total Male Female |\n| 15 to 17 years 6 0 0 0 0 0 | |\n| 18 and 19 years 2 0 0 0 0 0 | Total nonfam. hseholds: 38 22 16 |\n| 20 to 24 years 4 0 0 0 0 0 | |\n| 25 to 29 years 0 0 0 0 0 1 | Living alone: 34 20 14 |\n| 30 to 34 years 3 0 2 0 0 0 | Householder |\n| 35 to 44 years 3 11 0 0 2 5 | 15 to 64 years 19 13 6 |\n| 45 to 54 years 0 2 2 0 0 4 | Householder |\n| 55 to 59 years 0 1 3 0 2 6 | 65 years & over 15 7 8 |\n| 60 to 64 years 0 2 0 0 3 0 | Not living alone: 4 2 2 |\n| 65 to 74 years 0 7 0 0 4 0 | Householder |\n| 75 to 84 years 0 1 0 0 4 0 | 15 to 64 years 4 2 2 |\n| 85 years & over 0 0 0 0 1 0 | Householder |\n| | 65 years & over 0 0 0 |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| | |\n| PCT4. SUBFAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN | PCT5. POPULATION IN SUBFAMILIES BY SUBFAMILY TYPE BY RELATIONSHIP |\n| CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS | Universe: Population in subfamilies |\n| Universe: Subfamilies | |\n| | Total population in subfamilies: 10 |\n| Total subfamilies: 2 | |\n| Married−couple subfamilies: 0 | |\n| With own children | In Married−couple subfamilies: 0 In mother−child subfami lies: 10 |\n| under 18 years 0 | Husband/wife in a childless subfamily 0 Parent 2 |\n| No own children | Husband/wife in a subfam. with children 0 Child 8 |\n| under 18 years 0 | Child 0 In father−child subfami lies: 0 |\n| Mother−child subfamilies 2 | Parent 0 |\n| Father−child subfamilies 0 | Child 0 |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 27 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Housing Profile 1: SUMMARY; HH SIZE; UNITS IN STRUCTURE; HEATING FUEL; VEHICLES; YEAR BUILT Housing−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|H1/H2/H3/H4/H5/H6/H7/H8. HOUSING SUMMARY |H44/H46. VEHICLES AVAILABLE BY TENURE |H40/HCT10. HOUSE HEATING FUEL BY TEN URE |\n|Universe: Housing Units |Universe: Occupied Housing Units |Universe: Occupied Housing Units |\n| | | Occupied Owner Renter |\n|Total Housing Units 116 | Occupied Owner Renter | Units Occupied Occupied |\n|100% Count of Housing Units 106 | Units Occupied Occupied | |\n| | |Total Units: 101 61 40 |\n|Unweighted Sample Units−− |Total Units: 101 61 40 | Utility Gas 0 0 0 |\n| Total: 52 | No Vehicle 6 0 6 | Bottled, Tank, LP Gas 3 3 0 |\n| Occupied 44 | 1 Vehicle 54 28 26 | Electricity 74 46 28 |\n| Vacant 8 | 2 Vehicles 36 28 8 | Fuel Oil,Kerosine,etc. 0 0 0 |\n| | 3 Vehicles 3 3 0 | Coal or Coke 0 0 0 |\n|Percent of Units in Sample−− | 4 Vehicles 0 0 0 | Wood 22 12 10 |\n| Total: 44.8% | 5+ Vehicles 2 2 0 | Solar Energy 0 0 0 |\n| Occupied 50.6% | | Other Fuel 0 0 0 |\n| Vacant 42.1% |Mean Vehicles | No Fuel Used 2 0 2 |\n| |Available 1.44 1.69 1.05 | |\n|Total Housing Units: |_______________________________________________|____________________________________ _____________________|\n| Urban: 0 |H16/H17/H18. HOUSEHOLD SIZE BY TENURE |H34/H35/H36/H37. YEAR STRUCTURE BUIL T BY TENURE |\n| Inside Urbanized Areas 0 |Universe: Occupied Housing Units |Universe: Housing Units |\n| Inside Urban Clusters 0 | | All Oc cupied Housing Units |\n| Rural: 116 |Household Occupied Owner Renter | Housing Owner Renter |\n| Farm 0 | Size−− Units Occupied Occupied |Year Built−− Units Occupied Occupied |\n| NonFarm 116 | | |\n| |Total Units: 101 61 40 |Total Units: 116 61 40 |\n|Occupied Housing Units: 101 | 1 Person 36 19 17 | 1999 to March 2000 3 3 0 |\n| Owner Occupied 61 | 2 Persons 33 26 7 | 1995 to 1998 2 2 0 |\n| Renter Occupied 40 | 3 Persons 19 9 10 | 1990 to 1994 2 2 0 |\n| | 4 Persons 11 5 6 | 1980 to 1989 12 5 3 |\n|Vacant Housing Units: 15 | 5 Persons 0 0 0 | 1970 to 1979 16 11 3 |\n| For Rent 3 | 6 Persons 2 2 0 | 1960 to 1969 6 2 4 |\n| For Sale Only 7 | 7+ Persons 0 0 0 | 1950 to 1959 6 2 4 |\n| Rented/Sold, Not Occupied 0 | | 1940 to 1949 25 17 8 |\n| For Seasonal, Recreational, |Mean | 1939 or Earlier 44 17 18 |\n| or Occasional Use 5 |Household Size 2.09 2.16 1.98 | |\n| For Migrant Workers 0 | |Median Year Built 1946 1948 1943 |\n| Other Vacant 0 | | |\n| | | |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n|H30/H31/H32. UNITS IN STRUCTURE BY TENURE/VACANCY STATUS |H33. POPULATION BY UNITS IN STRUCTURE BY TEN URE |\n|Universe: Housing Units |Universe: Population in Occupied Housing Uni ts |\n| All Vacant | −−−−−−−−−−−− Persons i n Units −−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| Housing −−−− Occupied Housing Units −−−− : Housing | Per Owner Renter |\n| Units Total Owner Renter : Units | Total Hhld Occupied Occupied |\n| : | |\n|Total Units: 116 101 61 40 : 15 |Total Persons: 211 2.09 132 79 |\n| 1, Detached 85 74 42 32 : 11 | 1, Detached 166 2.24 100 66 |\n| 1, Attached 2 0 0 0 : 2 | 1, Attached 0 . 0 0 |\n| 2 2 2 0 2 : 0 | 2 4 2.00 0 4 |\n| 3 or 4 0 0 0 0 : 0 | 3 or 4 0 . 0 0 |\n| 5 to 9 0 0 0 0 : 0 | 5 to 9 0 . 0 0 |\n| 10 to 19 0 0 0 0 : 0 | 10 to 19 0 . 0 0 |\n| 20 to 49 0 0 0 0 : 0 | 20 to 49 0 . 0 0 |\n| 50 or More 0 0 0 0 : 0 | 50 or More 0 . 0 0 |\n| Mobile Home 25 25 19 6 : 0 | Mobile Home 41 1.64 32 9 |\n| Boat, RV, Van, etc. 2 0 0 0 : 2 | Boat, RV, Van, etc. 0 . 0 0 |\n| | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 28 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Housing Profile 2: ROOMS; BEDROOMS; YEAR MOVED; OWNER COSTS; PLUMBING; KITCHENS; TELEPHONE Housing−2\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|H23−H28/H41/H42. ROOMS AND BEDROOMS BY TENURE |H20. OCCUPANTS PER ROOM BY TENURE |H47/H48/H50/H51. PLUMBI NG AND KITCHEN |\n|Universe: Housing Units |Universe: Occupied Housing Units | FACILI TIES BY TENURE |\n| | |Universe: Housing Units |\n| All −−−− Occupied Housing Units −−−− | Occupied Owner Renter | |\n| Units Total Owner Renter | Units Occupied Occupied | Total −− Occupied Units −−|\n| | | Housing Owner Renter|\n|Total: 116 101 61 40 |Total Units: 101 61 40 | Units Occupied Occupied|\n| Rooms−− | 0.50 or less 76 50 26 | |\n| 1 0 0 0 0 | 0.51 to 1.00 18 9 9 |All Units: 116 61 40|\n| 2 7 5 2 3 | 1.01 to 1.50 7 2 5 |Complete |\n| 3 9 9 4 5 | 1.51 to 2.00 0 0 0 |Facilities−− |\n| 4 41 31 19 12 | 2.01 or more 0 0 0 | Plumbing 114 61 38|\n| 5 27 27 16 11 |________________________________________________| Kitchen 114 61 38|\n| 6 22 20 13 7 |H38/H39. YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT |Lacking Complete |\n| 7 4 4 2 2 |Universe: Occupied Housing Units |Facilities−− |\n| 8 2 2 2 0 | | Plumbing 2 0 2|\n| 9+ 4 3 3 0 |Year Moved Occupied Owner Renter | Kitchen 2 0 2|\n| Rooms per Unit−− |Into Unit−− Units Occupied Occupied | |\n| Median 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.5 | |_______________________ _____________________|\n| Mean 4.8 4.9 5.1 4.5 |Total Units: 101 61 40 |H43. TELEPHONE SERVICE AVAILABLE BY TENURE |\n| | 1999−Mar 00 33 13 20 |Universe: Occupied Hous ing Units |\n| Bedrooms−− | 1995−98 14 7 7 | |\n| None 0 0 0 0 | 1990−94 29 22 7 | −− −−Occupied Units−−−− |\n| 1 24 21 11 10 | 1980−89 14 8 6 | Total Renter−Occ |\n| 2 56 47 22 25 | 1970−79 8 8 0 | |\n| 3 28 25 22 3 | Before 1970 3 3 0 |Total Units: 101 40 |\n| 4 8 8 6 2 | | With Telephone 89 30 |\n| 5+ 0 0 0 0 |Median Year 1994 1993 1999 | No Telephone 12 10 |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n|H90/H91/H92/H98. MORTGAGE STATUS AND SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS |HCT19−HCT21. REAL ESTATE TAXES |H94/H95. MORTGAGE STATU S BY SELECTED MONTHLY|\n|Two Universes: All/Specified Owner−Occupied Housing Units |Universe: Specified Owner− | OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENTAGE OF |\n| | Occupied Housing Units | HOUSEHOLD INCO ME IN 1999 |\n| Total : −−− Specified Owner Occupied −−− | |Universe: Specified Own er−Occupied |\n| Owner : With A Without A |Spec. Owner−Occ. Units: 42 | Housing Units |\n|Monthly Costs−− Occupied : Total Mortgage Mortgage | Less than $200 25 | |\n| : | $200 to $299 2 |Percentage With A Without A|\n|Total Units: 61 : 42 18 24 | $300 to $399 3 |of HH Income−− Total Mortgage Mortgage|\n| Less than $200 35 : 24 0 24 | $400 to $599 7 | |\n| $200 to $299 6 : 3 3 0 | $600 to $799 3 |Spec. Units: 42 18 24|\n| $300 to $399 3 : 3 3 0 | $800 to $999 0 | Under 10.0% 15 5 10|\n| $400 to $499 0 : 0 0 0 | $1,000 to $1,499 2 | 10.0−14.9% 8 0 8|\n| $500 to $599 5 : 3 3 0 | $1,500 to $1,999 0 | 15.0−19.9% 4 0 4|\n| $600 to $699 4 : 4 4 0 | $2,000 to $2,999 0 | 20.0−24.9% 6 6 0|\n| $700 to $799 0 : 0 0 0 | $3,000 to $3,999 0 | 25.0−29.9% 5 5 0|\n| $800 to $899 2 : 2 2 0 | $4,000 to $4,999 0 | 30.0−34.9% 0 0 0|\n| $900 to $999 3 : 3 3 0 | $5,000 to $7,499 0 | 35.0−39.9% 0 0 0|\n| $1,000 or More 3 : 0 0 0 | $7,500 to $9,999 0 | 40.0−49.9% 2 0 2|\n| $1,000 to $1,249 N/A : N/A 0 N/A | $10,000 or more 0 | 50.0%+ 2 2 0|\n| $1,250 to $1,499 N/A : N/A 0 N/A | No Taxes Paid 0 | Not |\n| $1,500 to $1,999 N/A : N/A 0 N/A | | Computed 0 0 0|\n| $2,000 to $2,499 N/A : N/A 0 N/A |Median Real Estate Taxes $199 | |\n| $2,500 to $2,999 N/A : N/A 0 N/A |Mean Real Estate Taxes $300 |Median Percentage |\n| $3,000 or More N/A : N/A 0 N/A | |of 1999 Household |\n| : | |Income Spent on |\n|Median Monthly Costs : N/A $600 $150 | |Home Ownership 13.8% 23.3% 11.3%|\n|Mean Monthly Costs : $343 $594 $154 | | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 29 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Housing Profile 3: VALUE AND TENURE BY RACE & HISPANIC/LATINO, HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY TENURE Housing−3\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|H74/H76/H78/H84−H86/HCT41A−I/HCT42A−I/HCT43A−I/H87−H89. VALUE OF HOUSING UNITS BY RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF HOUSEH OLDER; PRICE ASKED |\n|Three Universes: All Owner−Occupied Housing Units/Specified Owner−Occupied Housing Units/Specified Vacant−for−Sale−Only Housin g Units |\n| ...........|\n| : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Specified Owner−Occupied Housing Units−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−− |PRICE ASKED|\n| All : Black Amer Ind Nat Haw Other Two or : Whi te Alone | Specified|\n| Owner : White /Af Amer /Ala Nat Asian /Pac Isl Race More : Hispanic n ot Hisp. |Vacant−for−|\n|Value−− Occupied : Total Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races : or Latino o r Latino | Sale−Only|\n| : : | |\n|Total Units: 61 : 42 35 0 5 0 0 0 2 : 0 35 | 7|\n| Under 10,000 4 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| 10,000−14,999 8 : 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 6 | 0|\n| 15,000−19,999 7 : 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 | 0|\n| 20,000−24,999 4 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 1|\n| 25,000−29,999 1 : 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 1 | 2|\n| 30,000−34,999 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 2|\n| 35,000−39,999 3 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| 40,000−49,999 6 : 6 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 | 0|\n| 50,000−59,999 4 : 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 | 0|\n| 60,000−69,999 9 : 7 4 0 3 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 | 0|\n| 70,000−79,999 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| 80,000−89,999 4 : 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 | 0|\n| 90,000−99,999 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 2|\n| 100,000−124,999 6 : 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 | 0|\n| 125,000−149,999 2 : 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 | 0|\n| 150,000−174,999 3 : 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 | 0|\n| 175,000−199,999 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| 200,000−249,999 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| 250,000−299,999 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| 300,000−399,999 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| 400,000−499,999 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| 500,000−749,999 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| 750,000−999,999 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| 1,000,000 & over 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| : : | |\n|Median Value $45,800 : $55,000 $56,300 $0 $61,700 $0 $0 $0 $12,500 : $0 $56,300 | $31,300|\n|Mean Value $54,508 : $61,488 $64,929 . $57,000 . . . $12,500 : . $64,929 | $47,500|\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n|H9/H10/H11/H12/H13. TENURE BY RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER | HCT11/HCT12/HCT13. HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY TENURE |\n|Universe: Occupied Housing Units | Universe: Occupied Housing Units Owner Renter |\n| −−−−− Occupied Housing Units −−−−− : | Total O ccupied Occupied |\n| Not Hispanic Hispanic : Owner Renter | |\n|Householder−− Total or Latino or Latino : Occupied Occupied | Total Units: 101 61 40 |\n| : | Less than $5,000 6 3 3 |\n|Total Units: 101 101 0 : 61 40 | $5,000 to $9,999 27 8 19 |\n| White Alone 94 94 0 : 54 40 | $10,000 to $14,999 22 17 5 |\n| Black/Af Amer Alone 0 0 0 : 0 0 | $15,000 to $19,999 11 6 5 |\n| American Indian/ : | $20,000 to $24,999 2 0 2 |\n| Alaska Native Alone 5 5 0 : 5 0 | $25,000 to $34,999 13 9 4 |\n| Asian Alone 0 0 0 : 0 0 | $35,000 to $49,999 8 8 0 |\n| Native Hawaiian/ : | $50,000 to $74,999 5 3 2 |\n| Pacific Isl Alone 0 0 0 : 0 0 | $75,000 to $99,999 5 5 0 |\n| Other Race Alone 0 0 0 : 0 0 | $100,000 to $149,999 2 2 0 |\n| Two or More Races 2 2 0 : 2 0 | $150,000 or more 0 0 0 |\n| : | |\n|Hispanic or Latino......................................... 0 0 | Median Household Income $14,135 $16,042 $9,000 |\n|White Alone, not Hispanic or Latino........................ 54 40 | Mean Household Income $23,996 $30,661 $13,833 |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 30 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Housing Profile 4: UTILITY PAYMENT; MEALS IN RENT; BEDROOMS; RENT BY RACE & HISP/LATINO Housing−4\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n|H68. INCLUSION OF UTILITIES IN RENT |H52/H65. MEAN GROSS RENT BY MEALS |H67. BEDROOMS BY GROSS RENT |\n|Universe: Specified Renter−Occupied | INCLUDED IN RENT |Universe: Specified Renter−Occupied Housing Units |\n| Housing Units |Universe: Specified Renter−Occupied | |\n| | Housing Units Paying Cash Rent | −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Bedr ooms −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n|Specified Units: 40 | | Total None 1 2 3 or more|\n| Pay Extra for One or |Specified Units: $403 | |\n| More Utilities 37 | Meals Included . |Specified Units: 40 0 10 25 5|\n| No Extra Payment 3 | Meals Not Included $403 | With Cash Rent: 37 0 10 22 5|\n|___________________________________________________________________________| Less than $200 0 0 0 0 0|\n|H69/H70. GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 | $200 to $299 4 0 2 2 0|\n|Universe: Specified Renter−Occupied Housing Units | $300 to $499 30 0 8 17 5|\n| | $500 to $749 3 0 0 3 0|\n|Specified Units: 40 | $750 to $999 0 0 0 0 0|\n| Less than 10.0 Percent 2 30.0 to 34.9 Percent 2 | $1,000 or More 0 0 0 0 0|\n| 10.0 to 14.9 Percent 0 35.0 to 39.9 Percent 0 | No Cash Rent 3 0 0 3 0|\n| 15.0 to 19.9 Percent 4 40.0 to 49.9 Percent 5 | |\n| 20.0 to 24.9 Percent 2 50.0 Percent or More 19 | |\n| 25.0 to 29.9 Percent 0 Not Computed 6 | |\n| | |\n|Median Percentage of 1999 Household Income spent on Gross Rent 50.1%| |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n|H54/H56/H58−H64/HCT36A−I/HCT37A−1/HCT38A−I. CONTRACT RENT; GROSS RENT BY RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER; RE NT ASKED |\n|Two Universes: Specified Renter−Occupied and Specified Vacant−for−Rent Housing Units |\n| ...........|\n| : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Gross Rent For Specified Renter−Occupied Housing Units −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−− | RENT ASKED|\n| Contract : Gross Black Amer Ind Nat Haw Other Two or : Whi te Alone | Specified|\n| Rent : Rent White /Af Amer /Ala Nat Asian /Pac Isl Race More : Hispanic n ot Hisp. | Vacant−|\n| Total : Total Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races : or Latino o r Latino | For−Rent|\n| : : | |\n|Spec. Units: 40 : 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 40 | 3|\n| Cash Rent: 37 : 37 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 37 | |\n| Under $100 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $100−$149 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $150−$199 2 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $200−$249 8 : 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 | 0|\n| $250−$299 5 : 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 | 0|\n| $300−$349 14 : 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 5 | 1|\n| $350−$399 6 : 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 5 | 2|\n| $400−$449 0 : 16 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 16 | 0|\n| $450−$499 2 : 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 | 0|\n| $500−$549 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $550−$599 0 : 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 | 0|\n| $600−$649 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $650−$699 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $700−$749 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $750−$799 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $800−$899 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $900−$999 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $1,000−$1,249 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $1,250−$1,499 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $1,500−$1,999 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| $2,000 or more 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 | 0|\n| No Cash Rent 3 : 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 | N/A|\n| : : | |\n|Median Rent $313 : $414 $414 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 : $0 $414 | $363|\n|Mean Rent $270 : $373 $373 . . . . . . : . $373 | $333|\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 31 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Income Profile 1: HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER AND TYPE OF INCOME Inc−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| P55. HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER |\n| Universe: Households |\n| All Ages Under 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over |\n| |\n| Total households: 96 2 8 19 20 19 16 12 |\n| Less than $10,000 30 0 1 8 13 4 0 4 |\n| $10,000 to $14,999 20 2 4 2 4 5 3 0 |\n| $15,000 to $19,999 11 0 0 2 0 0 7 2 |\n| $20,000 to $24,999 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 |\n| $25,000 to $29,999 7 0 0 1 0 4 0 2 |\n| $30,000 to $34,999 5 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 |\n| $35,000 to $39,999 4 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 |\n| $40,000 to $44,999 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 |\n| $45,000 to $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $50,000 to $59,999 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 |\n| $60,000 to $74,999 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 |\n| $75,000 to $99,999 6 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 |\n| $100,000 to $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $125,000 to $149,999 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 |\n| $150,000 to $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $200,000 and more 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| | |\n| | P58 THROUGH P75. HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY INCOME TYPE FOR HOUSEHOLDS |\n| P56/P57. MEDIAN AND MEAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 | WITH INCOME OF A SPECIFIED TYPE |\n| BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER | |\n| | P58/P67. MEAN HOUSEHOLD EARNINGS IN 1999 |\n| Universe: Households | Universe: Households with earnings: (49) $17,200 |\n| | |\n| Median Mean | P59/P68. MEAN HOUSEHOLD WAGE OR SALARY INCOME IN 1999 |\n| All households: $14,583 $25,053 | Universe: Households with wage or salary income: (44) $17,989 |\n| Householder under 25 years $13,750 $14,200 | |\n| Householder 25 to 34 years $13,750 $37,075 | P60/P69. MEAN HOUSEHOLD SELF−EMPLOYMENT INCOME IN 1999 |\n| Householder 35 to 44 years $11,875 $30,484 | Universe: Households with self−employment income: (9) $5,700 |\n| Householder 45 to 54 years $6,923 $9,775 | |\n| Householder 55 to 64 years $27,813 $20,968 | P61/P70. MEAN HOUSEHOLD INTEREST, DIVIDENDS & NET RENTAL INCOME IN 1 999 |\n| Householder 65 to 74 years $16,786 $39,144 | Universe: Households with interest, dividend or rental income: (26) $18,000 |\n| Householder 75 and over $22,500 $23,392 | |\n| | P62/P71. MEAN HOUSEHOLD SOCIAL SECURITY INCOME IN 1999 |\n| | Universe: Households with Soc. Security income: (41) $12,849 |\n| | |\n| | P63/P72. MEAN HOUSEHOLD SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME IN 1999 |\n| | Universe: Households with SSI income: (11) $4,264 |\n| | |\n| | P64/P73. MEAN HOUSEHOLD PUBLIC ASSISTANCE INCOME IN 1999 |\n| | Universe: Households with pub. assist. income: (12) $4,767 |\n| | |\n| | P65/P74. MEAN HOUSEHOLD RETIREMENT INCOME IN 1999 |\n| | Universe: Households with retirement income: (27) $8,263 |\n| | |\n| | P66/P75. MEAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME OF OTHER TYPES IN 1999 |\n| | Universe: Households with other types of income: (28) $8,586 |\n| | |\n| | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 32 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Income Profile 2: INDIVIDUAL EARNINGS; INCOME OF NON−FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS; PER CAPITA INCOME Inc−2\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| | |\n| P84/P85/P86. EARNINGS IN 1999 FOR THE POPULATION 16 YEARS AND | |\n| OVER WITH EARNINGS BY SEX | |\n| Universe: Population 16 years and over with earnings | |\n| | |\n| Total Male Female | |\n| Total: 66 30 36 | |\n| $1 to $2,499 or loss 18 8 10 | |\n| $2,500 to $4,999 4 0 4 | |\n| $5,000 to $7,499 9 5 4 | |\n| $7,500 to $9,999 6 0 6 | |\n| $10,000 to $12,499 4 2 2 | P82. PER CAPITA INCOME IN 1999 |\n| $12,500 to $14,999 0 0 0 | Universe: Total population $11,371 |\n| $15,000 to $17,499 6 2 4 | |\n| $17,500 to $19,999 0 0 0 | P83. MEAN INCOME IN 1999 FOR THE |\n| $20,000 to $22,499 4 3 1 | POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER |\n| $22,500 to $24,999 3 0 3 | Universe: Population 15 years and over $15,580 |\n| $25,000 to $29,999 4 4 0 | |\n| $30,000 to $34,999 2 2 0 | |\n| $35,000 to $39,999 4 2 2 | |\n| $40,000 to $44,999 0 0 0 | |\n| $45,000 to $49,999 0 0 0 | |\n| $50,000 to $54,999 2 2 0 | |\n| $55,000 to $64,999 0 0 0 | |\n| $65,000 to $74,999 0 0 0 | |\n| $75,000 to $99,999 0 0 0 | |\n| $100,000 and more 0 0 0 | |\n| | |\n| Median $8,333 $13,750 $7,500 | |\n| Mean $13,306 $17,127 $10,122 | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n|_________________________________________________________________________|____________________________________________________ ____________________ |\n| |\n| |\n| PCT42/PCT43. MEDIAN AND MEAN NONFAMILY HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY SEX OF HOUSEHOLDER BY LIVING ALONE BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER |\n| Universe: Nonfamily households |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Median−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Mean−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| Both Male householder Female householder Both Male householder Fe male householder |\n| All nonfamily households: $15,714 $7,500 $17,500 $17,184 $13,632 $22,069 |\n| |\n| Living alone total: $8,750 $16,875 $14,395 $21,193 |\n| Householder 15 to 64 years $7,188 $6,875 $16,008 $16,633 |\n| Householder 65 years and over $9,375 $17,500 $11,400 $24,625 |\n| |\n| Not living alone total: $6,250 $28,750 $6,000 $28,200 |\n| Householder 15 to 64 years $6,250 $28,750 $6,000 $28,200 |\n| Householder 65 years and over $0 $0 . . |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 33 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Income Profile 3: FAMILY INCOME BY FAMILY TYPE, AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER, NO. OF WORKERS Inc−3\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| | |\n| PCT36/P48. MEAN FAMILY INCOME IN 1999 BY NUMBER | PCT37/PCT3. MEAN FAMILY INCOME IN 1999 BY FAMILY TYPE BY AGE OF H OUSEHOLDER |\n| OF WORKERS IN FAMILY | Universe: Families |\n| Universe: Families (58) | −−−−−−−−−−−−Other families−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| Families Mean | Married−couple Male householder, Female householder |\n| | families no wife present no husband present |\n| No workers 26 $26,335 | |\n| 1 worker 20 $15,315 | Householder 15 to 24 years . . $6,200 |\n| 2 workers, husband | Householder 25 to 34 years $79,333 $12,100 $11,467 |\n| and wife worked 5 $62,520 | Householder 35 to 44 years $77,950 $6,200 $12,388 |\n| 2 workers, other 5 $27,880 | Householder 45 to 54 years $8,680 $15,220 $12,000 |\n| 3 or more workers, | Householder 55 to 59 years . . $2,200 |\n| husband and wife worked 2 $146,550 | Householder 60 to 64 years $14,350 . $13,667 |\n| 3 or more workers, others 0 . | Householder 65 to 74 years $56,244 . . |\n| | Householder 75 and over $30,900 . $31,400 |\n|___________________________________________________________|__________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| |\n| PCT38. FAMILY INCOME IN 1999 BY FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS |\n| Universe: Families |\n| −−−−−−Married−couple families−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Other family−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| With own children No own children −−Male householder, No wife present− −Female householder, No husband present−− |\n| under 18 years under 18 years With own children No own children With own children No own children |\n| under 18 years under 18 years under 18 years under 18 years |\n| |\n| Total families: 9 19 9 0 13 8 |\n| Less than $10,000 3 0 4 0 6 2 |\n| $10,000 to $14,999 0 7 2 0 4 5 |\n| $15,000 to $19,999 0 0 0 0 2 0 |\n| $20,000 to $24,999 0 0 3 0 0 0 |\n| $25,000 to $29,999 0 2 0 0 1 0 |\n| $30,000 to $34,999 0 0 0 0 0 1 |\n| $35,000 to $39,999 2 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $40,000 to $44,999 0 1 0 0 0 0 |\n| $45,000 to $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $50,000 to $59,999 2 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $60,000 to $74,999 0 3 0 0 0 0 |\n| $75,000 to $99,999 0 6 0 0 0 0 |\n| $100,000 to $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $125,000 to $149,999 2 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $150,000 to $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $200,000 and more 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| |\n|PCT39/PCT40/PCT41. MEDIAN AND MEAN FAMILY INCOME IN 1999 BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS |\n|Universe: Families |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−All family types−−−−−− −−−Married−couple families−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Other families−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| Male hholder, no wife present Female hholder, no husband present |\n| With own No own With own No own With own No own W ith own No own |\n| children children children children children children c hildren children |\n| Total under 18 under 18 Total under 18 under 18 Total under 18 under 18 Total u nder 18 under 18 |\n| |\n|Median $14,000 $11,563 $14,844 $40,000 $36,875 $43,750 $10,625 $10,625 $0 $11,563 $10,625 $12,500 |\n|Mean $29,933 $24,065 $36,667 $49,168 $54,144 $46,805 $12,533 $12,533 . $11,743 $11,223 $12,588 |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 34 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Income Profile 4: HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY AGE & RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER: WHITE & BLACK/AF AMER Inc−4\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| PCT72A. HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER (WHITE ALONE HOUSEHOLDER) |\n| Universe: Households with a householder who is White alone |\n| |\n| All Ages Under 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over |\n| |\n| Total: 89 2 5 17 18 19 16 12 |\n| |\n| Less than $10,000 30 0 1 8 13 4 0 4 |\n| $10,000 to $14,999 16 2 4 0 2 5 3 0 |\n| $15,000 to $19,999 11 0 0 2 0 0 7 2 |\n| $20,000 to $24,999 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 |\n| $25,000 to $29,999 7 0 0 1 0 4 0 2 |\n| $30,000 to $34,999 5 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 |\n| $35,000 to $39,999 4 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 |\n| $40,000 to $44,999 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 |\n| $45,000 to $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $50,000 to $59,999 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 |\n| $60,000 to $74,999 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 |\n| $75,000 to $99,999 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 |\n| $100,000 to $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $125,000 to $149,999 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 |\n| $150,000 to $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $200,000 and more 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| |\n| PCT72B. HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER (BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN ALONE HOUSEHOLDER) |\n| Universe: Households with a householder who is Black or African American alone |\n| |\n| All Ages Under 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over |\n| |\n| Total: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| Less than $10,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $10,000 to $14,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $15,000 to $19,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $20,000 to $24,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $25,000 to $29,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $30,000 to $34,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $35,000 to $39,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $40,000 to $44,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $45,000 to $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $50,000 to $59,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $60,000 to $74,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $75,000 to $99,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $100,000 to $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $125,000 to $149,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $150,000 to $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $200,000 and more 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 35 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Income Profile 5: HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY AGE & RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER: NATIVE AMERICAN & ASIAN Inc−5\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| PCT72C. HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER (AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE HOUSEHOLDER) |\n| Universe: Households with a householder who is American Indian or Alaska Native alone |\n| |\n| All Ages Under 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over |\n| |\n| Total: 5 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| Less than $10,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $10,000 to $14,999 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 |\n| $15,000 to $19,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $20,000 to $24,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $25,000 to $29,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $30,000 to $34,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $35,000 to $39,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $40,000 to $44,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $45,000 to $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $50,000 to $59,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $60,000 to $74,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $75,000 to $99,999 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $100,000 to $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $125,000 to $149,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $150,000 to $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $200,000 and more 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| |\n| PCT72D. HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER (ASIAN ALONE HOUSEHOLDER) |\n| Universe: Households with a householder who is Asian alone |\n| |\n| All Ages Under 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over |\n| |\n| Total: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| Less than $10,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $10,000 to $14,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $15,000 to $19,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $20,000 to $24,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $25,000 to $29,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $30,000 to $34,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $35,000 to $39,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $40,000 to $44,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $45,000 to $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $50,000 to $59,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $60,000 to $74,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $75,000 to $99,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $100,000 to $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $125,000 to $149,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $150,000 to $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $200,000 and more 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 36 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Income Profile 6: HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY AGE & RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER: HAWAIIAN/PAC IS & OTHER Inc−6\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| PCT72E. HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER (NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER) |\n| Universe: Households with a householder who is Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander alone |\n| |\n| All Ages Under 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over |\n| |\n| Total: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| Less than $10,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $10,000 to $14,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $15,000 to $19,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $20,000 to $24,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $25,000 to $29,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $30,000 to $34,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $35,000 to $39,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $40,000 to $44,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $45,000 to $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $50,000 to $59,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $60,000 to $74,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $75,000 to $99,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $100,000 to $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $125,000 to $149,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $150,000 to $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $200,000 and more 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| |\n| PCT72F. HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER (SOME OTHER RACE ALONE HOUSEHOLDER) |\n| Universe: Households with a householder who is Some Other Race alone |\n| |\n| All Ages Under 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over |\n| |\n| Total: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| Less than $10,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $10,000 to $14,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $15,000 to $19,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $20,000 to $24,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $25,000 to $29,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $30,000 to $34,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $35,000 to $39,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $40,000 to $44,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $45,000 to $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $50,000 to $59,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $60,000 to $74,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $75,000 to $99,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $100,000 to $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $125,000 to $149,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $150,000 to $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $200,000 and more 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 37 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Income Profile 7: HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY AGE & RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER: 2 OR MORE RACE & HISPANIC Inc−7\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| PCT72G. HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER (TWO OR MORE RACES HOUSEHOLDER) |\n| Universe: Households with a householder who is Two or more races |\n| |\n| All Ages Under 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over |\n| |\n| Total: 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| Less than $10,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $10,000 to $14,999 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 |\n| $15,000 to $19,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $20,000 to $24,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $25,000 to $29,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $30,000 to $34,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $35,000 to $39,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $40,000 to $44,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $45,000 to $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $50,000 to $59,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $60,000 to $74,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $75,000 to $99,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $100,000 to $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $125,000 to $149,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $150,000 to $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $200,000 and more 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| |\n| PCT72H. HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER (HISPANIC OR LATINO HOUSEHOLDER) |\n| Universe: Households with a householder who is Hispanic or Latino |\n| |\n| All Ages Under 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over |\n| |\n| Total: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| Less than $10,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $10,000 to $14,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $15,000 to $19,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $20,000 to $24,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $25,000 to $29,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $30,000 to $34,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $35,000 to $39,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $40,000 to $44,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $45,000 to $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $50,000 to $59,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $60,000 to $74,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $75,000 to $99,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $100,000 to $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $125,000 to $149,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $150,000 to $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $200,000 and more 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 38 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Income Profile 8: HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY AGE & RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER: WHITE ALONE, NOT HISPANIC Inc−8\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| PCT72I. HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1999 BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER (WHITE ALONE, NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO HOUSEHOLDER) |\n| Universe: Households with a householder who is White alone, not Hispanic or Latino |\n| |\n| All Ages Under 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 & over |\n| |\n| Total: 89 2 5 17 18 19 16 12 |\n| |\n| Less than $10,000 30 0 1 8 13 4 0 4 |\n| $10,000 to $14,999 16 2 4 0 2 5 3 0 |\n| $15,000 to $19,999 11 0 0 2 0 0 7 2 |\n| $20,000 to $24,999 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 |\n| $25,000 to $29,999 7 0 0 1 0 4 0 2 |\n| $30,000 to $34,999 5 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 |\n| $35,000 to $39,999 4 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 |\n| $40,000 to $44,999 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 |\n| $45,000 to $49,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $50,000 to $59,999 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 |\n| $60,000 to $74,999 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 |\n| $75,000 to $99,999 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 |\n| $100,000 to $124,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $125,000 to $149,999 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 |\n| $150,000 to $199,999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| $200,000 and more 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| |\n| |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 39 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Employment Profile 1: EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY RACE AND HISPANIC/LATINO BY SEX Jobs−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| P43/P150A−I. EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY RACE (*) AND HISPANIC/LATINO ORIGIN (**) BY SEX |\n| Universe: Population 16 years and over |\n| In Labor Force |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−− |\n| Civilian Labor Force |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−− |\n| Population In Armed Total Employed Unemployed Une mp. Not in |\n| 16 and Over Forces R ate Labor Force |\n| |\n| Total pop. 16 and over: 154 0 67 40 27 4 0.3 87 |\n| Male 73 0 34 16 18 5 2.9 39 |\n| Female 81 0 33 24 9 2 7.3 48 |\n| ............................................................................................................................. ................... |\n| |\n| White alone: 144 0 60 38 22 3 6.7 84 |\n| Male 70 0 31 16 15 4 8.4 39 |\n| Female 74 0 29 22 7 2 4.1 45 |\n| |\n| Black/African Amer alone: 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 |\n| Male 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| Female 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| |\n| Amer Ind/Nat Alaskan alone: 5 0 5 0 5 10 0.0 0 |\n| Male 3 0 3 0 3 10 0.0 0 |\n| Female 2 0 2 0 2 10 0.0 0 |\n| |\n| Asian alone: 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| Male 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| Female 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 |\n| |\n| Hawaiian/Oth Pac Isl alone: 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| Male 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 |\n| Female 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| |\n| Some Other Race alone: 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| Male 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| Female 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| |\n| Two or More Races: 5 0 2 2 0 0.0 3 |\n| Male 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| Female 5 0 2 2 0 0.0 3 |\n| ............................................................................................................................. ................... |\n| |\n| Hisp/Latino (any race): 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| Male 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| Female 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 |\n| |\n| White alone, Not Latino: 144 0 60 38 22 3 6.7 84 |\n| Male 70 0 31 16 15 4 8.4 39 |\n| Female 74 0 29 22 7 2 4.1 45 |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| * For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive and include everyone. |\n| ** Hispanic or Latino origin is NOT considered a race. People who reported themselves as Hispanic or Latino are also counted in the seven racial |\n| categories. |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 40 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Employment Profile 2: DETAILED OCCUPATION & INDUSTRY [PART 1 OF 2 − MALES] Jobs−2\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| P50. OCCUPATION [PART 1 OF 2 − MALES] |\n| Universe: Employed civilians 16 years and over Transportation and material moving occupations: 2 |\n| Males Supervisors, transportation and material |\n| Total employed civilian males 16 years and over: 16 moving workers 0 |\n| Management, professional and related occupations: 2 Aircraft and traffic control occupations 0 |\n| Management, business, financial operations occupations: 0 Motor vehicle operators 0 |\n| Management (except farmers and farm managers) 0 Rail, water and other transportation occupatio ns 0 |\n| Farmers and farm managers 0 Material moving workers 2 |\n| Business and financial operations occupations: 0 +−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| Business operations specialists 0 | P49. INDUSTRY [PART 1 OF 2 − MALES] |\n| Financial specialists 0 | Universe: Employed civilians 16 years and over |\n| Professional and related occupations: 2 | Males |\n| Computer and mathematical occupations 0 | Total employed civilian males 16 years and over: 16 |\n| Architecture and engineering occupations: 0 | Agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting and mini ng: 0 |\n| Architects, surveyors, cartographers, and engineers 0 | Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting 0 |\n| Drafters, engineering and mapping technicians 0 | Mining 0 |\n| Life, physical and social science occupations 0 | |\n| Community and social services occupations 0 | Construction 0 |\n| Legal occupations 0 | Manufacturing 4 |\n| Education, training and library occupations 0 | Wholesale Trade 0 |\n| Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and | Retail Trade 0 |\n| media occupations 0 | |\n| Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations: 2 | Transportation, warehousing and utilities: 0 |\n| Health diagnosing, treating practitioners | Transportation and warehousing 0 |\n| and technical occupations 2 | Utilities 0 |\n| Health technologists and technicians 0 | |\n| | Information 3 |\n| Service occupations: 7 | |\n| Healthcare support occupations 3 | Finance, insurance, real estate and rental |\n| Protective service occupations: 0 | and leasing: 0 |\n| Fire fighting, prevention, and law | Finance and Insurance 0 |\n| enforcement workers, including supervisors 0 | Real Estate and rental and leasing 0 |\n| Other protective services including supervisors 0 | |\n| Food Preparation and serving related occupations 0 | Professional, scientific, management, |\n| Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 4 | administrative and waste management services: 0 |\n| Personal care and service occupations 0 | Professional, scientific and technical service 0 |\n| | Management of companies and enterprises 0 |\n| Sales and office occupations: 3 | Administrative, support, waste management servi ce 0 |\n| Sales and related occupations 3 | |\n| Office and administrative support occupations 0 | Educational, health and social services: 9 |\n| | Educational services 4 |\n| Farming, fishing and forestry occupations 0 | Health care and social assistance 5 |\n| | |\n| Construction, extraction and maintenance occupations: 0 | Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation |\n| Construction and extraction occupations: 0 | and food services: 0 |\n| Supervisors, construction and extraction workers 0 | Arts, entertainment and recreation 0 |\n| Construction trade workers 0 | Accommodation and food services 0 |\n| Extraction workers 0 | |\n| Installation, maintenance and repair occupations 0 | Other services (except public administration) 0 |\n| | Public administration 0 |\n| Production, transportation and material | |\n| moving occupations: 4 | |\n| Production occupations 2 | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 41 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Employment Profile 3: DETAILED OCCUPATION & INDUSTRY [PART 2 OF 2 − FEMALES] Jobs−3\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| P50. OCCUPATION [PART 2 OF 2 − FEMALES] Transportation and material moving occupations: 0 |\n| Universe: Employed civilians 16 years and over Supervisors, transportation and material |\n| Females moving workers 0 |\n| Total employed civilian females 16 years and over: 24 Aircraft and traffic control occupations 0 |\n| Management, professional and related occupations: 2 Motor vehicle operators 0 |\n| Management, business, financial operations occupations: 0 Rail, water and other transportation occupatio ns 0 |\n| Management (except farmers and farm managers) 0 Material moving workers 0 |\n| Farmers and farm managers 0 +−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| Business and financial operations occupations: 0 | P49. INDUSTRY [PART 2 OF 2 − FEMALES] |\n| Business operations specialists 0 | Universe: Employed civilians 16 years and over |\n| Financial specialists 0 | Females |\n| Professional and related occupations: 2 | Total employed civilian females 16 years and over : 24 |\n| Computer and mathematical occupations 0 | Agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting and mini ng: 0 |\n| Architecture and engineering occupations: 0 | Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting 0 |\n| Architects, surveyors, cartographers, and engineers 0 | Mining 0 |\n| Drafters, engineering and mapping technicians 0 | |\n| Life, physical and social science occupations 0 | Construction 2 |\n| Community and social services occupations 0 | Manufacturing 2 |\n| Legal occupations 0 | Wholesale Trade 0 |\n| Education, training and library occupations 2 | Retail Trade 3 |\n| Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and | |\n| media occupations 0 | Transportation, warehousing and utilities: 0 |\n| Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations: 0 | Transportation and warehousing 0 |\n| Health diagnosing, treating practitioners | Utilities 0 |\n| and technical occupations 0 | |\n| Health technologists and technicians 0 | Information 0 |\n| | |\n| Service occupations: 9 | Finance, insurance, real estate and rental |\n| Healthcare support occupations 1 | and leasing: 2 |\n| Protective service occupations: 0 | Finance and Insurance 2 |\n| Fire fighting, prevention, and law | Real Estate and rental and leasing 0 |\n| enforcement workers, including supervisors 0 | |\n| Other protective services including supervisors 0 | Professional, scientific, management, |\n| Food Preparation and serving related occupations 3 | administrative and waste management services: 0 |\n| Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 0 | Professional, scientific and technical service 0 |\n| Personal care and service occupations 5 | Management of companies and enterprises 0 |\n| | Administrative, support, waste management servi ce 0 |\n| Sales and office occupations: 13 | |\n| Sales and related occupations 3 | Educational, health and social services: 10 |\n| Office and administrative support occupations 10 | Educational services 4 |\n| | Health care and social assistance 6 |\n| Farming, fishing and forestry occupations 0 | |\n| | Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation |\n| Construction, extraction and maintenance occupations: 0 | and food services: 3 |\n| Construction and extraction occupations: 0 | Arts, entertainment and recreation 0 |\n| Supervisors, construction and extraction workers 0 | Accommodation and food services 3 |\n| Construction trade workers 0 | |\n| Extraction workers 0 | Other services (except public administration) 0 |\n| Installation, maintenance and repair occupations 0 | Public administration 2 |\n| | |\n| Production, transportation and material | |\n| moving occupations: 0 | |\n| Production occupations 0 | |\n| | |\n| | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 42 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Language Profile 1: PLACE OF BIRTH, YR OF ENTRY, CITIZENSHIP; HOME LANGUAGE, ENGLISH ABILITY Lang−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| P23/PCT20. PLACE OF BIRTH BY YEAR OF ENTRY BY CITIZENSHIP STATUS |\n| Universe: Foreign−born population (0) |\n| Year of Entry 1990 to March 2000 −−−Year of Entry 1980 to 1989−− −−−−Year of En try before 1980−−−− |\n| Naturalized −Not a citizen− Naturalized −Not a citizen− Naturalized −−Not a citizen−− |\n| Total citizen Number Pct.* citizen Number Pct.* citizen Number Pct.* |\n| |\n| Total foreign−born pop.: 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| Europe 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| Asia 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| Africa 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| Oceania 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| Americas: 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| Latin America: 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| Caribbean 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| Central America: 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| Mexico 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| Other Central America 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| South America 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| Northern America 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| Born at sea 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . |\n| |\n| *Percent of people born in a given area entering the US to become residents during the specified time period who are not US citizens |\n|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| | |\n| | PCT20[SUMMARY]. PLACE OF BIRTH |\n| PCT12. LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH AND NATIVITY | BY CITIZENSHIP STATUS Nat uralized −Not a− |\n| Universe: Population 5 years and over | Universe: Foreign−born population citizen citizen |\n| | |\n| Total Native Foreign born | Total foreign−born pop.: 0 0 |\n| | Europe 0 0 |\n| Total population 5 and over: 200 200 0 | Asia 0 0 |\n| | Africa 0 0 |\n| Speak only English 194 194 0 | Oceania 0 0 |\n| Speak Spanish: 3 3 0 | Americas: 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"very well\" 3 3 0 | Latin America: 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"well\" 0 0 0 | Caribbean 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"not well\" 0 0 0 | Central America: 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"not at all\" 0 0 0 | Mexico 0 0 |\n| Speak other Indo−European langs.: 3 3 0 | Other Central America 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"very well\" 1 1 0 | South America 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"well\" 2 2 0 | Northern America 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"not well\" 0 0 0 | Born at sea 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"not at all\" 0 0 0 |__________________________________________ _____________________|\n| Speak Asian or Pac. Island langs.: 0 0 0 | |\n| Speak English \"very well\" 0 0 0 | PCT11. LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY ABILI TY TO SPEAK ENGLISH |\n| Speak English \"well\" 0 0 0 | Universe: Hispanic or Latino population 5 years and over |\n| Speak English \"not well\" 0 0 0 | Pct. |\n| Speak English \"not at all\" 0 0 0 | Total Hisp/Latino pop. 5 and over: 0 100.0 |\n| Speak other languages: 0 0 0 | Speak only English 0 . |\n| Speak English \"very well\" 0 0 0 | Speak Spanish: 0 . |\n| Speak English \"well\" 0 0 0 | Speak English \"very well\" 0 . |\n| Speak English \"not well\" 0 0 0 | Speak English \"well\" 0 . |\n| Speak English \"not at all\" 0 0 0 | Speak English \"not well\" 0 . |\n| | Speak English \"not at all\" 0 . |\n| | Speak other language 0 . |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 43 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Language Profile 2: LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY AGE; LINGUISTIC ISOLATION Lang−2\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| | | |\n| |PCT13. LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME IN |P20. HOUSEHOLD L ANGUAGE BY |\n|PCT10. LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY AGE |LINGUISTICALLY ISOLATED HOUSEHOLDS BY AGE| LINGUISTIC ISOLATION |\n|Universe: Population 5 years and over |Universe: Population 5 years and over | |\n| | in linguistically isolated |Universe: Househo lds |\n| −−−−−−−−− Age −−−−−−−−−−− | households | |\n| Total 5 to 17 18+ | |Total households: 96 |\n| |Total in universe: 7 | |\n|Total population 5 & over: 200 52 148 | | English 90 |\n| |5 to 17 years: 5 | |\n|Speak only English 194 52 142 | Speak only English 5 | Spanish: 3 |\n|Spanish or Spanish Creole 3 0 3 | Speak Spanish 0 | Linguistically isolated 0 |\n|French* 2 0 2 | Spk other Indo−European lang. 0 | Not ling. isol ated 3 |\n|French Creole 0 0 0 | Spk Asian & Pac. Island lang. 0 | |\n|Italian 0 0 0 | Speak other languages 0 | Other Indo−Euro pean langs. 3 |\n|Portuguese or Port. Creole 0 0 0 | | Linguistically isolated 2 |\n|German 0 0 0 |18 to 64 years: 2 | Not ling. isol ated 1 |\n|Yiddish 0 0 0 | Speak Spanish 0 | |\n|Other West Germanic langs. 0 0 0 | Spk other Indo−European lang. 2 | Asian/Pac. Isla nd langs.: 0 |\n|Scandinavian languages 1 0 1 | Spk Asian & Pac. Island lang. 0 | Linguistically isolated 0 |\n|Greek 0 0 0 | Speak other languages 0 | Not ling. isol ated 0 |\n|Russian 0 0 0 | | |\n|Polish 0 0 0 |65 years and over: 0 | Other languages : 0 |\n|Serbo−Croatian 0 0 0 | Speak Spanish 0 | Linguistically isolated 0 |\n|Other Slavic languages 0 0 0 | Spk other Indo−European lang. 0 | Not ling. isol ated 0 |\n|Armenian 0 0 0 | Spk Asian & Pac. Island lang. 0 | |\n|Persian 0 0 0 | Speak other languages 0 | |\n|Gujarathi 0 0 0 |_________________________________________|_________________ _____________________|\n|Hindi 0 0 0 | |\n|Urdu 0 0 0 | PCT14. LANGUAGE DENSITY BY LINGUISTIC ISOLATION BY AGE |\n|Other Indic languages 0 0 0 | Universe: Population 5 years and over in households (200) |\n|Other Indo−European langs. 0 0 0 | |\n|Chinese 0 0 0 | −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Ag e −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n|Japanese 0 0 0 | 5 to 17 18 to 44 45 to 64 65+ |\n|Korean 0 0 0 | |\n|Mon−Khmer, Cambodian 0 0 0 | In all households: 52 62 53 33 |\n|Miao, Hmong 0 0 0 | |\n|Thai 0 0 0 | In households where all members |\n|Laotian 0 0 0 | speak English only 45 52 50 33 |\n|Vietnamese 0 0 0 | In households where some members |\n|Other Asian languages 0 0 0 | speak a non−English language: 7 10 3 0 |\n|Tagalog 0 0 0 | Not linguistically isolated 2 8 3 0 |\n|Other Pac. Island languages 0 0 0 | Linguistically isolated 5 2 0 0 |\n|Navajo 0 0 0 | In households where all members |\n|Other Native No. Amer. langs. 0 0 0 | speak a non−English language: 0 0 0 0 |\n|Hungarian 0 0 0 | Not linguistically isolated 0 0 0 0 |\n|Arabic 0 0 0 | Linguistically isolated 0 0 0 0 |\n|Hebrew 0 0 0 | |\n|African languages 0 0 0 | |\n|Other and unspecified langs. 0 0 0 | |\n| | |\n|* Includes Patois and Cajun | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 44 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Language Profile 3: LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY AGE BY RACE AND HISPANIC/LATINO Lang−3\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| P19/PCT62A−I. AGE BY LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH BY RACE* AND HISPANIC/LATINO** |\n| Universe: Population 5 years and over |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Race* −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −− −Hispanic/Latino**−− |\n| : Native : |\n| : American Hawaiian : |\n| : Black or Indian & Other Some : H ispanic White |\n| : African & Alaska Pacific Other Two :or Latino Alone, Not |\n| : White American Native Asian Islander Race or More : (All Hispanic |\n| All Races : Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races : Races) or Latino |\n| : : |\n| Total population 5 and over: 200 : 184 0 11 0 0 0 5 : 0 184 |\n| Speak only English 194 : 178 0 11 0 0 0 5 : 0 178 |\n| Speak other languages: 6 : 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6 |\n| Speak English \"very well\" 4 : 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| Speak English \"well\" 2 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| Speak English \"not well\" 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"not at all\" 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| : : |\n| 5 to 17 years: 52 : 46 0 6 0 0 0 0 : 0 46 |\n| Speak only English 52 : 46 0 6 0 0 0 0 : 0 46 |\n| Speak other languages: 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"very well\" 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"well\" 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"not well\" 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"not at all\" 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| : : |\n| 18 to 64 years: 115 : 105 0 5 0 0 0 5 : 0 105 |\n| Speak only English 109 : 99 0 5 0 0 0 5 : 0 99 |\n| Speak other languages: 6 : 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6 |\n| Speak English \"very well\" 4 : 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| Speak English \"well\" 2 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| Speak English \"not well\" 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"not at all\" 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| : : |\n| 65 years & over: 33 : 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 33 |\n| Speak only English 33 : 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 33 |\n| Speak other languages: 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"very well\" 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"well\" 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"not well\" 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Speak English \"not at all\" 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| _________ |\n| |\n| * For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive and include everyone. |\n| ** Hispanic origin is NOT considered a Race. People who reported themselves as Hispanic or Latino are also counted in the se ven racial |\n| categories. |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 45 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Migration Profile 1: RESIDENCE IN 1995, PLACE OF BIRTH, YEAR OF ENTRY, CITIZENSHIP Migr−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| | |\n| P24. RESIDENCE IN 1995 FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER − | P21. PLACE OF BIRTH BY CITIZENSHIP STATUS |\n| STATE AND COUNTY LEVEL | Universe: Total Population |\n| Universe: Population 5 years and over | Pct. |\n| Pct. | Total population: 211 100.0 |\n| Total 5 years and over: 200 100.0 | Native: 211 100.0 |\n| Same house in 1995 122 61.0 | Born in state of residence 120 56.9 |\n| Different house in 1995: 78 39.0 | Born in other state in the United States: 91 43.1 |\n| In United States in 1995: 78 39.0 | Northeast 2 0.9 |\n| Same county 51 25.5 | Midwest 17 8.1 |\n| Different county: 27 13.5 | South 17 8.1 |\n| Same state 17 8.5 | West 55 26.1 |\n| Different state: 10 5.0 | Born outside the United States: 0 0.0 |\n| Northeast 0 0.0 | Puerto Rico 0 0.0 |\n| Midwest 0 0.0 | U.S. Island Areas 0 0.0 |\n| South 0 0.0 | Born abroad of American parent(s) 0 0.0 |\n| West 10 5.0 | Foreign born: 0 0.0 |\n| In Puerto Rico in 1995: 0 0.0 | Naturalized citizen 0 0.0 |\n| Same municipio 0 0.0 | Not a citizen 0 0.0 |\n| Different municipio 0 0.0 | |\n| Elsewhere in 1995: 0 0.0 | |\n| U.S. Island Areas 0 0.0 |_______________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| Foreign country or at sea 0 0.0 | |\n| | P22. YEAR OF ENTRY FOR THE FOREIGN−BORN POPULATION |\n| | Universe: Foreign−born population |\n|______________________________________________________________________| Pct. |\n| | Total foreign−born population: 0 . |\n| P25. RESIDENCE IN 1995 FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER − | 1995 to March 2000 0 . |\n| MSA/PMSA LEVEL | 1990 to 1994 0 . |\n| Universe: Population 5 Years and Over | 1985 to 1989 0 . |\n| Pct. | 1980 to 1984 0 . |\n| Total 5 years and over: 200 100.0 | 1975 to 1979 0 . |\n| Living in an MSA/PMSA in 2000: 0 0.0 | 1970 to 1974 0 . |\n| Same house in 1995 0 0.0 | 1965 to 1969 0 . |\n| Different house in 1995: 0 0.0 | Before 1965 0 . |\n| In United States in 1995: 0 0.0 | |\n| Same MSA/PMSA in 1995: 0 0.0 | |\n| Central city 0 0.0 |_______________________________________________________ _____________________|\n| Remainder of this MSA/PMSA 0 0.0 | |\n| Different MSA/PMSA in 1995: 0 0.0 | P23. YEAR OF ENTRY BY CITIZENSHIP STATUS FOR THE FORE IGN−BORN POPULATION |\n| Central city 0 0.0 | Universe: Foreign−born population |\n| Remainder of different MSA/PMSA 0 0.0 | Pct. |\n| Not in an MSA/PMSA in 1995 0 0.0 | Total foreign−born population: 0 . |\n| Puerto Rico or elsewhere in 1995 0 0.0 | Year of entry 1990 to March 2000: 0 . |\n| Not living in an MSA/PMSA in 2000: 200 100.0 | Naturalized citizen 0 . |\n| Same house in 1995 122 61.0 | Not a citizen 0 . |\n| Different house in 1995: 78 39.0 | Year of entry 1980 to 1989: 0 . |\n| In United States in 1995: 78 39.0 | Naturalized citizen 0 . |\n| In an MSA/PMSA in 1995: 25 12.5 | Not a citizen 0 . |\n| Central city 14 7.0 | Year of entry before 1980: 0 . |\n| Remainder of MSA/PMSA 11 5.5 | Naturalized citizen 0 . |\n| Not in an MSA/PMSA in 1995 53 26.5 | Not a citizen 0 . |\n| Puerto Rico or elsewhere in 1995 0 0.0 | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 46 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Migration Profile 2: PLACE OF BIRTH BY CITIZENSHIP STATUS BY RACE AND HISPANIC/LATINO Migr−2\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| P21/PCT63A−I. PLACE OF BIRTH BY CITIZENSHIP STATUS BY RACE (1) AND HISPANIC OR LATINO (2) |\n| Universe: Total Population |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Race (1) −−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| : Black or American |\n| : African Indian and |\n| All : White American Alaska Native Asian |\n| Races : Alone Alone Alone Alone |\n| : |\n| Total population: 211 : 195 0 11 0 |\n| Native: 211 : 195 0 11 0 |\n| Born in state of residence 120 : 114 0 6 0 |\n| Born in other state in the United States: 91 : 81 0 5 0 |\n| Northeast 2 : 2 0 0 0 |\n| Midwest 17 : 15 0 2 0 |\n| South 17 : 17 0 0 0 |\n| West 55 : 47 0 3 0 |\n| Born outside the United States: 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| Puerto Rico 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| U.S. Island Areas 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| Born abroad of American parent(s) 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| Foreign born: 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| Naturalized citizen 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| Not a citizen 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| : |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Race (1) −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−− H ispanic (2) −−−−−−−− |\n| : |\n| Native : |\n| Hawaiian & : |\n| Other Pacific Some : White Alone, |\n| Islander Other Race Two or : Hispanic or Not Hispanic |\n| Alone Alone More Races : Latino Or Latino |\n| : |\n| Total population: 0 0 5 : 0 195 |\n| Native: 0 0 5 : 0 195 |\n| Born in state of residence 0 0 0 : 0 114 |\n| Born in other state in the United States: 0 0 5 : 0 81 |\n| Northeast 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| Midwest 0 0 0 : 0 15 |\n| South 0 0 0 : 0 17 |\n| West 0 0 5 : 0 47 |\n| Born outside the United States: 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Puerto Rico 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| U.S. Island Areas 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Born abroad of American parent(s) 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Foreign born: 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Naturalized citizen 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Not a citizen 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| (1) For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive an d include everyone. |\n| (2) Hispanic or Latino origin is NOT considered a race. People who reported themselves as Hispanic or Latino are also counted in the seven racial |\n| categories. |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 47 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Migration Profile 3: RESIDENCE IN 1995 BY RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO Migr−3\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| P24/PCT64A−I. RESIDENCE IN 1995 BY RACE (1) AND HISPANIC OR LATINO (2) − STATE AND COUNTY LEVEL |\n| Universe: Population 5 years and over −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Race (1) −−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| : Black or American |\n| : African Indian and |\n| All : White American Alaska Native Asian |\n| Races : Alone Alone Alone Alone |\n| : |\n| Total population 5 years and over: 200 : 184 0 11 0 |\n| Same house in 1995 122 : 110 0 8 0 |\n| Different house in 1995: 78 : 74 0 3 0 |\n| In United States in 1995: 78 : 74 0 3 0 |\n| Same county 51 : 51 0 0 0 |\n| Different county: 27 : 23 0 3 0 |\n| Same state 17 : 16 0 0 0 |\n| Different state: 10 : 7 0 3 0 |\n| Northeast 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| Midwest 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| South 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| West 10 : 7 0 3 0 |\n| In Puerto Rico in 1995: 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| Same municipio 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| Different municipio 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| Elsewhere in 1995: 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| U.S. Island Areas 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| Foreign country or at sea 0 : 0 0 0 0 |\n| : |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Race (1) −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−− H ispanic (2) −−−−−−−− |\n| Native : |\n| Hawaiian & : |\n| Other Pacific Some : White Alone, |\n| Islander Other Race Two or : Hispanic or Not Hispanic |\n| Alone Alone More Races : Latino Or Latino |\n| : |\n| Total population 5 years and over: 0 0 5 : 0 184 |\n| Same house in 1995 0 0 4 : 0 110 |\n| Different house in 1995: 0 0 1 : 0 74 |\n| In United States in 1995: 0 0 1 : 0 74 |\n| Same county 0 0 0 : 0 51 |\n| Different county: 0 0 1 : 0 23 |\n| Same state 0 0 1 : 0 16 |\n| Different state: 0 0 0 : 0 7 |\n| Northeast 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Midwest 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| South 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| West 0 0 0 : 0 7 |\n| In Puerto Rico in 1995: 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Same municipio 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Different municipio 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Elsewhere in 1995: 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| U.S. Island Areas 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Foreign country or at sea 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| (1) For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive an d include everyone. |\n| (2) Hispanic or Latino origin is NOT considered a race. People who reported themselves as Hispanic or Latino are also counted in the seven racial |\n| categories. |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 48 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Poverty Profile 1: PERSONS AND HOUSEHOLDS BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND HOUSEHOLDER AGE Pov−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| |\n| P89. POVERTY STATUS IN 1999 BY AGE BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE |\n| Universe: Population for whom poverty status is determined (*) |\n| P91/PCT54. INCOME DEFICIT IN 1999 FOR FAMILIES BY FAMILY TYPE AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS |\n| Two universes: Families and unrelated individuals with income in 1999 below the poverty level |\n| Populat ion with |\n| −−−Population with Income in 1999 below Poverty Level−−− |− Income in 1999 at or above Poverty Level−|\n| Mean| |\n| −−All Ages−− Income| |\n| Total Number Pct. Under 65 65 to 74 75 & Over :Deficit| All Ages Under 65 65 to 74 75 & Over|\n| : | |\n| Total in Poverty Universe*: 211 87 41.2 85 0 2 : $2,646| 124 93 20 11|\n| In Married−Couple Families 66 7 10.6 7 0 0 : $2,943| 59 42 13 4|\n| In Other Families: 103 63 61.2 63 0 0 : $1,489| 40 39 0 1|\n| Male Householder,No Wife 26 21 80.8 21 0 0 : $1,738| 5 5 0 0|\n| Female Householder,No Husband 77 42 54.5 42 0 0 : $1,364| 35 34 0 1|\n| Unrelated Individuals 42 17 40.5 15 0 2 : $6,812| 25 12 7 6|\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| |\n| P92. POVERTY STATUS IN 1999 OF HOUSEHOLDS BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE BY AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER |\n| Universe: Households(**) |\n| Households with Households wit h |\n| −−−−−−−−−Income in 1999 below Poverty Level−−−−−−−−− −−−−Income in 1999 at or abov e Poverty Level−−−−− |\n| −−All Ages−− |\n| Total Number Pct. Under 25 25 to 44 45 to 64 65 & Over All Ages Under 25 25 to 44 45 to 64 65 & Over |\n| |\n| Total Households: 96 36 37.5 2 15 17 2 60 0 12 22 26 |\n| Family Households: 58 21 36.2 2 12 7 0 37 0 12 12 13 |\n| Marr−Cpl Family Households 28 3 10.7 0 0 3 0 25 0 9 4 12 |\n| Other Fam Hholds (No Spouse): 30 18 60.0 2 12 4 0 12 0 3 8 1 |\n| Male Householder,No Wife 9 6 66.7 0 4 2 0 3 0 0 3 0 |\n| Female Hholder,No Husband 21 12 57.1 2 8 2 0 9 0 3 5 1 |\n| Nonfamily Households: 38 15 39.5 0 3 10 2 23 0 0 10 13 |\n| Male Householder 22 11 50.0 0 3 6 2 11 0 0 6 5 |\n| Female Householder 16 4 25.0 0 0 4 0 12 0 0 4 8 |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| | |\n| P93. RATIO OF INCOME IN 1999 TO POVERTY LEVEL BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE | P88. RATIO OF 1999 INCOME TO POVERTY LEVEL |\n| Universe: Households(**) | Universe: Population for whom poverty status is dete rmined(*) |\n| Total Under 1.50 1.50 & Over | |\n| | Cumulative Cumulative |\n| Total Households: 96 55 41 | Persons Percent Persons Percent |\n| Family Households: 58 36 22 | Total: 211 100.0 |\n| Marr−Couple Family Households: 28 10 18 | |\n| Other Family Households: 30 26 4 | Under 0.50 43 20.4 | 1.50 − 1.74 0 64.0 |\n| Male Householder,No Wife 9 6 3 | 0.50 − 0.74 12 26.1 | 1.75 − 1.84 0 64.0 |\n| Female Householder,No Husband 21 20 1 | 0.75 − 0.99 32 41.2 | 1.85 − 1.99 7 67.3 |\n| Nonfamily Households: 38 19 19 | 1.00 − 1.24 20 50.7 | 2.00 & Over 69 100.0 |\n| Male Householder 22 13 9 | 1.25 − 1.49 28 64.0 | |\n| Female Householder 16 6 10 | |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * Poverty universe includes all people EXCEPT (1) those in institutions, military group quarters, and college dormitories an d (2) unrelated |\n| individuals under 15 years old (children who are not related family members). |\n| ** Poverty status is NOT determined for households. The counts in this table actually reflect the poverty status of the house holder. |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 49 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Poverty Profile 2: FAMILIES BY FAMILY TYPE (PART 1 OF 2: BELOW POVERTY) Pov−2\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| P90/P160 A−I. POVERTY STATUS IN 1999 OF FAMILIES BY FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE AND AGE OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS BY |\n| RACE AND HISPANIC/LATINO [PART 1 OF 2 − INCOME IN 1999 BELOW POVERTY LEVEL] |\n| Universe: Families |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Families with Income in 1999 below Poverty Level −−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| |\n| :−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Race* −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−: −−−−− Hispanic** −−−−|\n| : Native : |\n| : American Hawaiian : |\n| : Black or Indian & Other Some : White|\n| : African & Alaska Pacific Other Two : Alone, Not|\n| : White American Native Asian Islander Race or More : Hispanic Hispanic|\n| All Races : Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races : or Latino or Latino|\n| : : |\n| Total Families below Poverty: 21 : 19 0 2 0 0 0 0 : 0 19|\n| Percent below Poverty Level 36.2% : 37.3% . % 40.0% . % . % . % 0.0% : . % 37.3%|\n| : : |\n| Married−Couple Families: 3 : 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3|\n| Percent below Poverty Level 10.7% : 12.0% . % 0.0% . % . % . % . % : . % 12.0%|\n| : : |\n| With Related Children under 18 Yrs: 3 : 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3|\n| Under 5 Years Only 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0|\n| Under 5 Years and 5 to 17 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0|\n| 5 to 17 Years Only 3 : 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3|\n| No Related Children under 18 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0|\n| : : |\n| Other Families: 18 : 16 0 2 0 0 0 0 : 0 16|\n| Percent below Poverty Level 60.0% : 61.5% . % 100.0% . % . % . % 0.0% : . % 61.5%|\n| : : |\n| Male Householder, no wife: 6 : 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6|\n| Percent below Poverty Level 66.7% : 66.7% . % . % . % . % . % . % : . % 66.7%|\n| : : |\n| With Related Children und. 18 Yrs: 6 : 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6|\n| Under 5 Years Only 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0|\n| Under 5 Years and 5 to 17 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0|\n| 5 to 17 Years Only 6 : 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6|\n| No Related Children under 18 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0|\n| : : |\n| Female Householder, No Husband: 12 : 10 0 2 0 0 0 0 : 0 10|\n| Percent below Poverty Level 57.1% : 58.8% . % 100.0% . % . % . % 0.0% : . % 58.8%|\n| : : |\n| With Related Children und. 18 Yrs: 10 : 8 0 2 0 0 0 0 : 0 8|\n| Under 5 Years Only 4 : 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4|\n| Under 5 Years and 5 to 17 Years 2 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2|\n| 5 to 17 Years Only 4 : 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 : 0 2|\n| No Related Children under 18 Years 2 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2|\n| |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive and include everyone. |\n| ** Hispanic or Latino is NOT considered a race. People who reported themselves as Hispanic or Latino are also counted in the seven racial |\n| categories. |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 50 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Poverty Profile 3: FAMILIES BY FAMILY TYPE (PART 2 OF 2: ABOVE POVERTY) Pov−3\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| P90/P160 A−I. POVERTY STATUS IN 1999 OF FAMILIES BY FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE AND AGE OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS BY |\n| RACE AND HISPANIC/LATINO [PART 2 OF 2 − INCOME AT OR ABOVE POVERTY LEVEL] |\n| Universe: Families |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Families with Income in 1999 at or above Poverty Level −−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| |\n| :−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Race* −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−: −−−−− Hispanic** −−−−|\n| : Native : |\n| : American Hawaiian : |\n| : Black or Indian & Other Some : White|\n| : African & Alaska Pacific Other Two : Alone, Not|\n| : White American Native Asian Islander Race or More : Hispanic Hispanic|\n| All Races : Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races : or Latino or Latino|\n| : : |\n| : : |\n| Total Families at or above Poverty: 37 : 32 0 3 0 0 0 2 : 0 32|\n| : : |\n| Married−Couple Families: 25 : 22 0 3 0 0 0 0 : 0 22|\n| : : |\n| With Related Children under 18 Yrs: 6 : 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6|\n| Under 5 Years Only 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0|\n| Under 5 Years and 5 to 17 Years 2 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2|\n| 5 to 17 Years Only 4 : 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4|\n| No Related Children under 18 Years 19 : 16 0 3 0 0 0 0 : 0 16|\n| : : |\n| Other Families: 12 : 10 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 10|\n| : : |\n| Male Householder, No Wife: 3 : 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3|\n| : : |\n| With Related Children und. 18 Yrs: 3 : 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3|\n| Under 5 Years Only 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0|\n| Under 5 Years and 5 to 17 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0|\n| 5 to 17 Years Only 3 : 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3|\n| No Related Children under 18 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0|\n| : : |\n| Female Householder, No Husband: 9 : 7 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 7|\n| : : |\n| With Related Children und. 18 Yrs: 4 : 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4|\n| Under 5 Years Only 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0|\n| Under 5 Years and 5 to 17 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0|\n| 5 to 17 Years Only 4 : 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4|\n| No Related Children under 18 Years 5 : 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 3|\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive and include everyone. |\n| ** Hispanic or Latino is NOT considered a race. People who reported themselves as Hispanic or Latino are also counted in the seven racial |\n| categories. |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 51 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Poverty Profile 4: PERSONS BY SEX, AGE, RACE & HISPANIC/LATINO (PART 1 OF 2: BELOW POVERTY) Pov−4\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| PCT49/PCT75 A−I. POVERTY STATUS IN 1999 BY SEX BY AGE BY RACE AND HISPANIC/LATINO [PART 1 OF 2 − INCOME IN 1999 BELOW POVERTY LEVEL] |\n| Universe: Population for whom poverty status is determined (*) |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Population with Income in 1999 below Poverty level −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| |\n| :−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Race** −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− : −−−−− Hispanic*** −−−−− |\n| : Native : |\n| : American Hawaiian : |\n| : Black or Indian & Other Some : White |\n| : African & Alaska Pacific Other Two : Alone, Not |\n| −−−All Races−−−: White American Native Asian Islander Race or More : His panic Hispanic |\n| Number Pct. : Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races : or L atino or Latino |\n| Total in Universe* : : |\n| below Poverty Level: 87 41.2%: 79 0 8 0 0 0 0 : 0 79 |\n| Pct. below Poverty Lvl: 41.2% : 40.5% . % 72.7% . % . % . % 0.0% : . % 40.5% |\n| : : |\n| Male: 45 45.5%: 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 45 |\n| Under 5 Years 7 77.8%: 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 7 |\n| 5 Years 2 100%: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| 6 to 11 Years 11 100%: 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 11 |\n| 12 to 14 Years 0 0.0%: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 15 Years 0 . %: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 16 and 17 Years 0 . %: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 18 to 24 Years 2 33.3%: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| 25 to 34 Years 2 22.2%: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| 35 to 44 Years 8 57.1%: 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 8 |\n| 45 to 54 Years 11 61.1%: 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 11 |\n| 55 to 64 Years 0 0.0%: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 65 to 74 Years 0 0.0%: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 75 Years and Over 2 28.6%: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| : : |\n| Female: 42 37.5%: 34 0 8 0 0 0 0 : 0 34 |\n| Under 5 Years 2 100%: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| 5 Years 3 100%: 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 |\n| 6 to 11 Years 10 58.8%: 4 0 6 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| 12 to 14 Years 2 22.2%: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| 15 Years 0 . %: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 16 and 17 Years 3 50.0%: 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 |\n| 18 to 24 Years 2 33.3%: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| 25 to 34 Years 3 50.0%: 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 |\n| 35 to 44 Years 9 42.9%: 7 0 2 0 0 0 0 : 0 7 |\n| 45 to 54 Years 4 50.0%: 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| 55 to 64 Years 4 23.5%: 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| 65 to 74 Years 0 0.0%: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 75 Years and Over 0 0.0%: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * Poverty universe includes all people EXCEPT (1) those in institutions, military group quarters, and college dormitories a nd (2) unrelated |\n| individuals under 15 years old (children who are not related family members). |\n| ** For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive an d include everyone. |\n| *** Hispanic or Latino is NOT considered a race. People who reported themselves as Hispanic or Latino are also counted in the seven racial |\n| categories. |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 52 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Poverty Profile 5: PERSONS BY SEX, AGE, RACE & HISPANIC/LATINO (PART 2 OF 2: ABOVE POVERTY) Pov−5\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| PCT49/PCT75 A−I. POVERTY STATUS IN 1999 BY SEX BY AGE BY RACE/HISPANIC [PART 2 OF 2 − INCOME IN 1999 AT OR ABOVE POVERTY LEVE L] |\n| Universe: Population for whom poverty status is determined (*) |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Population with Income in 1999 at or above Poverty level −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| |\n| : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Race** −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− : −−−−−− − Hispanic*** −−−− |\n| : Native : |\n| : American Hawaiian : |\n| : Black or Indian & Other Some : White |\n| : African & Alaska Pacific Other Two : Alone, Not |\n| : White American Native Asian Islander Race or More : His panic Hispanic |\n| All Races : Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races : or L atino or Latino |\n| Total in Universe* at/ : : |\n| above Poverty Level: 124 : 116 0 3 0 0 0 5 : 0 116 |\n| : : |\n| Male: 54 : 51 0 3 0 0 0 0 : 0 51 |\n| Under 5 Years 2 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| 5 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 6 to 11 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 12 to 14 Years 4 : 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| 15 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 16 and 17 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 18 to 24 Years 4 : 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| 25 to 34 Years 7 : 4 0 3 0 0 0 0 : 0 4 |\n| 35 to 44 Years 6 : 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6 |\n| 45 to 54 Years 7 : 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 7 |\n| 55 to 64 Years 10 : 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 10 |\n| 65 to 74 Years 9 : 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 9 |\n| 75 Years and Over 5 : 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 5 |\n| : : |\n| Female: 70 : 65 0 0 0 0 0 5 : 0 65 |\n| Under 5 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 5 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 6 to 11 Years 7 : 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 7 |\n| 12 to 14 Years 7 : 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 7 |\n| 15 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 16 and 17 Years 3 : 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 |\n| 18 to 24 Years 4 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 2 |\n| 25 to 34 Years 3 : 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 |\n| 35 to 44 Years 12 : 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 12 |\n| 45 to 54 Years 4 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 2 |\n| 55 to 64 Years 13 : 12 0 0 0 0 0 1 : 0 12 |\n| 65 to 74 Years 11 : 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 11 |\n| 75 Years and Over 6 : 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 6 |\n| |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * Poverty universe includes all people EXCEPT (1) those in institutions, military group quarters, and college dormitories a nd (2) unrelated |\n| individuals under 15 years old (children who are not related family members). |\n| ** For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive an d include everyone. |\n| *** Hispanic or Latino is NOT considered a race. People who reported themselves as Hispanic or Latino are also counted in the seven racial |\n| categories. |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 53 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Poverty Profile 6: RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS BY RACE AND HISPANIC/LATINO Pov−6\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| PCT52/PCT76 A−I. POVERTY STATUS IN 1999 OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS BY FAMILY TYPE BY AGE BY RACE AND HISPANIC/LATINO |\n| Universe: Related Children under 18 years |\n| |\n| : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Race* −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− : −− −− Hispanic** −−−− |\n| : Native : |\n| : American Hawaiian : |\n| : Black or Indian & Other Some : White |\n| : African & Alaska Pacific Other Two : Alone, Not |\n| All : White American Native Asian Islander Race or More : H ispanic Hispanic |\n| Races : Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Alone Races : or Latino or Latino |\n| : : |\n| Total Related Children under 18 yrs: 60 : 54 0 6 0 0 0 0 : 0 54 |\n| Percent below Poverty Level 61.7% : 57.4% . % 100.0% . % . % . % . % : . % 57.4% |\n| : : |\n| In Families with : : |\n| Income in 1999 below Poverty Level: 37 : 31 0 6 0 0 0 0 : 0 31 |\n| In Married−Couple Families: 2 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| Under 5 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 5 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 6 to 17 Years 2 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| In Other Families: 35 : 29 0 6 0 0 0 0 : 0 29 |\n| Male Householder, No Wife: 13 : 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 13 |\n| Under 5 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 5 Years 3 : 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 3 |\n| 6 to 17 Years 10 : 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 10 |\n| Female Householder, No Husband: 22 : 16 0 6 0 0 0 0 : 0 16 |\n| Under 5 Years 9 : 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 9 |\n| 5 Years 2 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| 6 to 17 Years 11 : 5 0 6 0 0 0 0 : 0 5 |\n| : : |\n| In Families with Income in 1999 : : |\n| at or above Poverty Level: 23 : 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 23 |\n| In Married−Couple Families: 9 : 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 9 |\n| Under 5 Years 2 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| 5 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 6 to 17 Years 7 : 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 7 |\n| In Other Families: 14 : 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 14 |\n| Male Householder, No Wife: 2 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| Under 5 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 5 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 6 to 17 Years 2 : 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 |\n| Female Householder, No Husband: 12 : 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 12 |\n| Under 5 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 5 Years 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 6 to 17 Years 12 : 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 12 |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| * For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive and include everyone. |\n| ** Hispanic or Latino is NOT considered a race. People who reported themselves as Hispanic or Latino are also counted in the seven racial |\n| categories. |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 54 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Poverty Profile 7: PERSONS BY AGE & ALTERNATIVE POVERTY LEVELS; FAMILIES BY INCOME SOURCES Pov−7\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| |\n| PCT50. AGE BY RATIO OF INCOME IN 1999 TO POVERTY LEVEL |\n| Universe: Population for whom poverty status is determined (*) |\n| |\n| 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.30 1.50 1.75 1.85 2.00 |\n| Pov. Under to to to to to to to to and |\n| Total Rate 0.50 0.74 0.99 1.24 1.29 1.49 1.74 1.84 1.99 Over |\n| |\n| Total Universe*: 211 41.2% 43 12 32 20 3 25 0 0 7 69 |\n| Under 5 Years 11 81.8% 4 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 |\n| 5 Years 5 100% 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| 6 to 11 Years 28 75.0% 10 0 11 0 0 5 0 0 0 2 |\n| 12 to 14 Years 13 15.4% 2 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 |\n| 15 Years 0 . % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |\n| 16 and 17 Years 6 50.0% 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 |\n| 18 to 24 Years 12 33.3% 2 0 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 |\n| 25 to 34 Years 15 33.3% 0 0 5 3 0 2 0 0 0 5 |\n| 35 to 44 Years 35 48.6% 13 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 16 |\n| 45 to 54 Years 26 57.7% 7 4 4 6 0 0 0 0 5 0 |\n| 55 to 64 Years 27 14.8% 2 2 0 3 3 7 0 0 0 10 |\n| 65 to 74 Years 20 0.0% 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 17 |\n| 75 Years and Over 13 15.4% 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 8 |\n| |\n| Number under 18 yrs: 63 19 2 19 0 0 10 0 0 2 11 |\n| Cumulative Percent under 18: 30.2% 33.3% 63.5% 63.5% 63.5% 79.4% 79.4% 79.4% 82.5% 100.0% |\n| Number 65 yrs & over: 33 0 2 0 2 0 4 0 0 0 25 |\n| Cumulative Percent 65 & over: 0.0% 6.1% 6.1% 12.1% 12.1% 24.2% 24.2% 24.2% 24.2% 100.0% |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| |\n| PCT59. POVERTY STATUS IN 1999 OF FAMILIES BY FAMILY TYPE BY SOCIAL SECURITY INCOME BY SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME (SSI) AND/ OR PUBLIC ASSISTANCE |\n| INCOME |\n| Universe: Families Families with Income Families with Income |\n| −− in 1999 below Poverty Level −− in 1999 at or a bove Poverty Level |\n| With Social | Without Social With Social | Without Social |\n| Security Income | Security Income Security Income | Security Income |\n| in 1999 | in 1999 in 1999 | in 1999 |\n| Total | | |\n| Total Families: 58 2 19 20 17 |\n| |\n| Married−Couple Families: 28 0 3 16 9 |\n| With SSI and/or Public Assistance Income in 1999 6 0 3 1 2 |\n| Without SSI and/or Public Assistance Income in 1999 22 0 0 15 7 |\n| Other Families: 30 2 16 4 8 |\n| Male Householder, No wife Present: 9 2 4 0 3 |\n| With SSI and/or Public Assistance Income in 1999 6 2 4 0 0 |\n| Without SSI and/or Public Assistance Income in 1999 3 0 0 0 3 |\n| Female Householder, No Husband Present: 21 0 12 4 5 |\n| With SSI and/or Public Assistance Income in 1999 3 0 3 0 0 |\n| Without SSI and/or Public Assistance Income in 1999 18 0 9 4 5 |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| |\n| * Poverty universe includes all people EXCEPT (1) those in institutions, military group quarters, and college dormitories an d (2) unrelated |\n| individuals under 15 years old (children who are not related family members). |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 55 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Poverty Profile 8: FAMILIES BY WORK EXPERIENCE AND BY ALTERNATE POVERTY LEVELS Pov−8\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| PCT60. POVERTY STATUS IN 1999 OF FAMILIES BY FAMILY TYPE BY WORK EXPERIENCE OF HOUSEHOLDER AND SPOUSE |\n| Universe: Families |\n| −Householder Worked Full−Time,− : −−Householder Worked less than− : −−−−Househol der Did Not Work−−− |\n| −−−−−−−Year−Round in 1999−−−−−− : −Full−Time, Year−Round in 1999− : −−−−−−−−−−−− in 1999−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| −−Below Poverty−− Above Poverty : −−Below Poverty−− Above Poverty : −−Below Pove rty−− Above Poverty |\n| Number Pct. : Number Pct. : Number Pct. |\n| : : |\n| Total Families: 0 0.0% 11 : 10 62.5% 6 : 11 35.5% 20 |\n| Married−Couple Families: 0 0.0% 6 : 0 0.0% 3 : 3 15.8% 16 |\n| : : |\n| Spouse Worked Full−Time, : : |\n| Year−Round in 1999 0 0.0% 2 : 0 . % 0 : 0 . % 0 |\n| : : |\n| Spouse Worked less than Full−Time, : : |\n| Year−Round in 1999 0 0.0% 2 : 0 0.0% 3 : 0 . % 0 |\n| : : |\n| Spouse Did Not Work in 1999 0 0.0% 2 : 0 . % 0 : 3 15.8% 16 |\n| : : |\n| Other Families: 0 0.0% 5 : 10 76.9% 3 : 8 66.7% 4 |\n| Male Householder, No Wife 0 0.0% 3 : 2 100% 0 : 4 100% 0 |\n| Female Householder, No Husband 0 0.0% 2 : 8 72.7% 3 : 4 50.0% 4 |\n| |\n|−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−|\n| |\n| P90/PCT61. RATIO OF INCOME IN 1999 TO POVERTY LEVEL OF FAMILIES BY FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE AND AGE OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE |\n| Universe: Families |\n| 1.00 1.30 1.50 1.85 : Cumula tive Cumulative |\n| Under to to to and : T otal Total |\n| Total 1.00 1.29 1.49 1.84 above : under 1.50 under 1.85 |\n| : |\n| Total Families: 58 21 9 6 0 22 : 36 36 |\n| Married−Couple Families: 28 3 4 3 0 18 : 10 10 |\n| : |\n| With Related Children under 18 Yrs: 9 3 0 0 0 6 : 3 3 |\n| Under 5 Years Only 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Under 5 Years and 5 to 17 Years 2 0 0 0 0 2 : 0 0 |\n| 5 to 17 Years Only 7 3 0 0 0 4 : 3 3 |\n| No Related Children under 18 Years 19 0 4 3 0 12 : 7 7 |\n| : |\n| Other Families: 30 18 5 3 0 4 : 26 26 |\n| : |\n| Male Householder, No Wife Present: 9 6 0 0 0 3 : 6 6 |\n| With Related Children under 18 Yrs: 9 6 0 0 0 3 : 6 6 |\n| Under 5 Years Only 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| Under 5 Years and 5 to 17 Years 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| 5 to 17 Years Only 9 6 0 0 0 3 : 6 6 |\n| No Related Children under 18 Years 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 |\n| : |\n| Female Householder, No Husband Present: 21 12 5 3 0 1 : 20 20 |\n| With Related Children under 18 Yrs: 14 10 0 3 0 1 : 13 13 |\n| Under 5 Years Only 4 4 0 0 0 0 : 4 4 |\n| Under 5 Years and 5 to 17 Years 2 2 0 0 0 0 : 2 2 |\n| 5 to 17 Years Only 8 4 0 3 0 1 : 7 7 |\n| No Related Children under 18 Years 7 2 5 0 0 0 : 7 7 |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 56 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Transportation Profile 1: TRAVEL TIME TO WORK AND PLACE OF WORK Trans−1\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| | |\n| P32. TRAVEL TIME TO WORK BY MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK | P35. PRIVATE VEHICLE OCCUPANCY |\n| Universe: Workers 16 years old and over who did not work at home | Universe: Workers 16 years and ov er |\n| | |\n| Public Other | Pct. |\n| Total Pct. Transp. Pct. Means Pct. | |\n| | Total workers 16 and over: 40 100.0 |\n| Total out−of−home workers: 35 100.0 0 0.0 35 100.0 | Car, truck, or van: 33 82.5 |\n| Less than 30 min. 20 57.1 0 0.0 20 57.1 | Drove alone 31 77.5 |\n| 30 to 44 min. 9 25.7 0 0.0 9 25.7 | Carpooled: 2 5.0 |\n| 45 to 59 min. 2 5.7 0 0.0 2 5.7 | 2−person carpool 2 5.0 |\n| 60 or more min. 4 11.4 0 0.0 4 11.4 | 3−person carpool 0 0.0 |\n| | 4−person carpool 0 0.0 |\n|___________________________________________________________________________________________| 5− or 6−person carpool 0 0.0 |\n| | 7− or more person carpool 0 0.0 |\n| P33. AGGREGATE AND MEAN TRAVEL TIME TO WORK BY MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK | Other means (including |\n| Universe: Workers 16 years old and over who did not work at home | worked at home) 7 17.5 |\n| | |\n| Public Other |__________________________________ _____________________|\n| Total Pct. Transp. Pct. Means Pct. | |\n| | P34. TIME LEAVING HOME TO GO TO W ORK |\n| Aggregate minutes: 760 100.0 0 0.0 760 100.0 | Universe: Workers 16 years and ov er |\n| Less than 30 min. 160 21.1 0 0.0 160 21.1 | |\n| 30 to 44 min. 270 35.5 0 0.0 270 35.5 | Pct. |\n| 45 to 59 min. 90 11.8 0 0.0 90 11.8 | |\n| 60 or more min. 240 31.6 0 0.0 240 31.6 | Total workers 16 and over: 40 100.0 |\n| | Did not work at home: 35 87.5 |\n| Mean travel time to work 21.7 minutes . minutes 21.7 minutes | 12:00 a.m. to 4:59 a.m. 6 15.0 |\n| | 5:00 a.m. to 5:29 a.m. 2 5.0 |\n|___________________________________________________________________________________________| 5:30 a.m. to 5:59 a.m. 6 15.0 |\n| | 6:00 a.m. to 6:29 a.m. 1 2.5 |\n| P29. PLACE OF WORK − MINOR CIVIL DIVISION (*) LEVEL | 6:30 a.m. to 6:59 a.m. 0 0.0 |\n| Universe: Workers 16 years and over | 7:00 a.m. to 7:29 a.m. 7 17.5 |\n| Pct. | 7:30 a.m. to 7:59 a.m. 0 0.0 |\n| | 8:00 a.m. to 8:29 a.m. 0 0.0 |\n| Total workers 16 and over: 40 100.0 | 8:30 a.m. to 8:59 a.m. 0 0.0 |\n| Living in twelve selected states: (NJ, NY, PA, | 9:00 a.m. to 9:59 a.m. 0 0.0 |\n| CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT, MI, MN, WI) 0 0.0 | 10:00 a.m. to 10:59 a.m. 2 5.0 |\n| Worked in minor civil division of residence 0 0.0 | 11:00 a.m. to 11:59 a.m. 0 0.0 |\n| Worked outside minor civil division of residence 0 0.0 | 12:00 p.m. to 3:59 p.m. 9 22.5 |\n| Not living in the twelve selected states 40 100.0 | 4:00 p.m. to 11:59 p.m. 2 5.0 |\n| | Worked at home 5 12.5 |\n| (*) Cities, towns, etc. which are the principal subdivisions of counties in the 12 states | |\n|___________________________________________________________________________________________|__________________________________ _____________________|\n| | |\n| P27. PLACE OF WORK − PLACE LEVEL | P26. PLACE OF WORK − STATE AND COUNTY LEVEL |\n| Universe: Workers 16 years and over | Universe: Workers 16 years and over |\n| | |\n| Pct. | Pct. |\n| | |\n| Total workers 16 and over: 40 100.0 | Total workers 16 and over: 40 100.0 |\n| Living in a place: 40 100.0 | Worked in state of residence: 40 100.0 |\n| Worked in place of residence 14 35.0 | Worked in county of residence 29 72.5 |\n| Worked outside place of residence 26 65.0 | Worked outside county of residence 11 27.5 |\n| Not living in a place 0 0.0 | Worked outside state of residence 0 0.0 |\n| | |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 57 Census 2000, Summary File 3 Transportation Profile 2: MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK BY RACE AND HISPANIC/LATINO Trans−2\nArea Name: Cusick town Area Type: Pla ce (Summary Level 160)\nState: WA Place: 16340 \n \n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\n| |\n| P30/PCT65A−I. MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK BY RACE (1) AND HISPANIC OR LATINO (2) |\n| Universe: Workers 16 years and over |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Race (1) −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| : Black or American |\n| : African Indian and |\n| : White American Alaska Native Asian |\n| Total Pct. : Alone Pct. Alone Pct. Alone Pct. Alone Pct. |\n| : |\n| Total workers 16 years and over: 40 100.0 : 38 100.0 0 100.0 0 100.0 0 100.0 |\n| Car, truck or van: 33 82.5 : 31 81.6 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Drove alone 31 77.5 : 29 76.3 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Carpooled 2 5.0 : 2 5.3 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Public transportation: 0 0.0 : 0 0.0 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Bus or trolley bus 0 0.0 : 0 0.0 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Streetcar/trolley car 0 0.0 : 0 0.0 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Subway or elevated 0 0.0 : 0 0.0 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Railroad 0 0.0 : 0 0.0 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Ferryboat 0 0.0 : 0 0.0 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Taxicab 0 0.0 : 0 0.0 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Motorcycle 0 0.0 : 0 0.0 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Bicycle 0 0.0 : 0 0.0 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Walked 2 5.0 : 2 5.3 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Other means 0 0.0 : 0 0.0 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| Worked at home 5 12.5 : 5 13.2 0 . 0 . 0 . |\n| : |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Race (1) −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Hispanic (2) −−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| : |\n| Native : |\n| Hawaiian & : |\n| Other Pacific Some : White Alone, |\n| Islander Other Race Two or : Hispanic or Not Hispanic |\n| Alone Pct. Alone Pct. More Races Pct. : Latino Pct. Or Latino Pct. |\n| : |\n| Total workers 16 years and over: 0 100.0 0 100.0 2 100.0 : 0 100.0 38 100.0 |\n| Car, truck or van: 0 . 0 . 2 100.0 : 0 . 31 81.6 |\n| Drove alone 0 . 0 . 2 100.0 : 0 . 29 76.3 |\n| Carpooled 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 2 5.3 |\n| Public transportation: 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 0 0.0 |\n| Bus or trolley bus 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 0 0.0 |\n| Streetcar/trolley car 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 0 0.0 |\n| Subway or elevated 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 0 0.0 |\n| Railroad 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 0 0.0 |\n| Ferryboat 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 0 0.0 |\n| Taxicab 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 0 0.0 |\n| Motorcycle 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 0 0.0 |\n| Bicycle 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 0 0.0 |\n| Walked 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 2 5.3 |\n| Other means 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 0 0.0 |\n| Worked at home 0 . 0 . 0 0.0 : 0 . 5 13.2 |\n| |\n| −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− |\n| (1) For Census 2000, persons could report more than one race, but the seven racial categories shown are mutually exclusive an d include everyone. |\n| (2) Hispanic or Latino origin is NOT considered a race. People who reported themselves as Hispanic or Latino are also counted in the seven racial |\n| categories. |\n| |\n+============================================================================================================================== =====================+\nPrepared by Washington State Office of Financial Management, (www.ofm.wa.gov) using software created by a coalition of State Da ta Center agencies \nSource: Census 2000 Summary File 3/prepared by the U.S.Census Bureau, 2002 (www.census.gov) September 17, 2002, Page 58 "
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"text": "Recipient Report: Grant or Loan Version: 1.1\nFinal Report*\nN\nRecipient Congressional District*\n02\nAward Date*\n04/10/2009 Agency Drop-Down List: 0500 - Government Accountability Office\nProgram Source (TAS) \nDrop-Down List: 05-0108-Salaries and Expenses, Recovery Act\nEnter Agency Code: 0500\nAgency Name: Government Accountability Office\nEnter Program Source \n(TAS) Code: 05-0108\nProgram Source (TAS) \nName: Salaries and Expenses, Recovery Act\nEnter Agency Name: Government Accountability Office\nAgency Code: 0500\nEnter Program Source \n(TAS) Name: Salaries and Expenses, Recovery Act\nProgram Source (TAS) \nCode: 05-0108Amount of Award*\n$175,966.00CFDA Number*84.387\nProgram Source (TAS)*\nN/A\nTotal Amount of Sub Awards to Individuals*\n$0.00\n0.00Prime Recipient\nFunding Agency Code*9146Reporting Information\nAward Recipient InformationAward Type*\nGrantAward Number*S387A090041\nRecipient Account Number\n4572104\nTotal Number of Payments to Vendors less than \n$25,000/award*91-1001\nTotal Amount of Sub Awards less than \n$25,000/award*\n$0.00Total Number of Sub Awards less than \n$25,000/award*Total Number of Sub Awards to Individuals*\n$0.00 0.00Recipient DUNS Number*\n929956563\nAward Description*Need Help Finding Award Information?\nTotal Amount of Payments to Vendors less than \n$25,000/award*Sub Account Number for Program Source (TAS)Know the code and want to check the name?\nSearch by Code\nKnow the name and want to find the code?\nSearch by NameAwarding Agency Code*\n9146Award Information\n0.00Browse the Full Listings by using the drop-down lists.\nEducation of Homeless Children and Youth (rev) Total Federal Amount ARRA Funds \nReceived/Invoiced*\n$0.00\n1\nB03.032 Activity Code Drop-Down \nList: 111219 - Other Vegetable (except Potato) and \nMelon FarmingQuarterly Activities/Project Description*Project Name or Project/Program Title*\nEnsure that each homeless child and youth has equal access to the same free, appropriate public education, including a public preschool education, as other \nchildren and youthNumber of characters entered: 175\nEducation for Homeless Children and YouthProject Status*\nLess than 50% completed\nActivity Code (NAICS or NTEE-NPC)*0.01The ARRA provides $70 million in fiscal year (FY) 2009 funds under the McKinney Vento Education fo\nHomeless Children and Youth program, which is authorized under Title VII-B of the McKinney-Vento \nHomeless Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 11431 et seq. (McKinney-Vento Act). The McKinney-Vento ARRA funds are a one-time source of funds that supplement the McKinney-Vento funds made available under the regular FY 2009 appropriation. \nMcKinney-Vento ARRA funds must be used for activities authorized under Title VII-B of the McKinney-\nVento Act and are subject to the same statutory and regulatory requirements as McKinney-Vento funds made available through the regular FY 2009 appropriation. LEAs created and/or retained jobs with McKinney-Vento ARRA funds to address the educational and related needs of some of children and youtexperiencing homelessness.\nInstructional staff are being hired or retained to provide instructional programming for students. Job titles \nin this category include teachers for both math and literacy and teacher assistant positions. McKinney-Vento ARRA funds are also being used to provide stipends for additional hours of work for teacher aides \nNumber of characters entered: 1563\nBrowse the Full Listing by using the drop-down list.Number of characters entered: 175\nNeed Help Finding an Activity, State, or Country Code?Ensure that each homeless child and youth has equal access to the same free, appropriate public education, including a public preschool education, as other \nchildren and youth.\nProject Information\nDescription of Jobs Created* Number of Jobs*\nEducation of Homeless Children and Youth (rev) 34\nState Drop-Down List: AK - Alaska\n56\nCountry Drop-Down List: US - United States\n78\n91 0 Enter Activity Code: 111110\nInfrastructure Contact Name Activity Name: Soybean Farming\nEnter State Code: CA\nInfrastructure Contact Phone Ext State Name: California\nEnter Country Code: US\nInfrastructure Contact Street Address 3 Country Name: United States\nInfrastructure ZIP Code+4 Enter Activity Name: Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon \nFarming\nActivity Code: 111219\nEnter State Name: California\nState Code: CA\nEnter Country Name: United States\nCountry Code: US\nCity*\nProvidence\nCongressional District*\n02Infrastructure Contact Phone\nStreet Address 2\nZIP Code+4*797 Westminster StreetInfrastructure Purpose and Rationale\nNumber of characters entered: 81Infrastructure Contact Street Address 2\nInfrastructure State$0.00 \nInfrastructure Contact Email$0.00Total Federal Amount of ARRA Expenditure* Total Federal ARRA Infrastructure Expenditure\n029034018Infrastructure Contact Street Address 1\nThis is not applicable to Education of Homeless Children and Youth, Recovery Act.\nPrimary Place of Performance\nStreet Address 1\nState*\nRI\nCountry*Infrastructure CityKnow the code and want to check the name?\nSearch by Code\nKnow the name and want to find the code?\nSearch by Name\nEducation of Homeless Children and Youth (rev) # Officer Name Officer Compensation\n1\n2345NoRecipient Highly Compensated OfficersUS\nPrime Recipient Indication of Reporting \nApplicability*\nEducation of Homeless Children and Youth (rev)"
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"pdf_file": "KBEV4F2NJWE2NHI6CMYRY5GAXEJ3N7QD.pdf",
"text": "___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _____ \nUSDA, NASS – Alaska Field Office \n Crop Progress and Condition \nNational Agricultural Statistics Service \nUnited States Department of Agriculture • Washingto n, DC 20250 \nNorthwest Regional Field Office • Olympia, WA 98507 \nAlaska Field Office • 907-745-4272 \n• www.nass.usda.gov/ak \nFor Week Ending: June 19, 201 6 Released: June 20 , 201 6 \n \nALASKA: There were 7.0 days suitable for fieldwork last week. Temperatures last week ranged from two degrees below normal \nnear Fairbanks to nine degrees above normal on Kodi ak. Precipitation varied with most of the major gr owing areas receiving some \nrain. Rate of crop growth was reported as 15% moderate, 85% rapid. \n \nTANANA VALLEY: An average of 7.0 days was suitable for fieldwork. Rate of crop growth was reported as 100% rapid. Farm \nactivities for the week included planting forage oats, scouti ng and spraying weeds, irrigation systems are up an d running, fence \nconstruction and general farm maintenance. High tun nels, greenhouses and truck farms are planted. Far mers markets are open and \nselling early season vegetables and bedding plants. IPM techs are visiting farms for livestock and fi led pests. \n \nMATANUSKA VALLEY: An average of 6.5 days was suitable for fieldwork. Rate of crop growth was reported as 25% moderate, \n75% rapid. Farm activities for the week included planting vegetables, irrigat ion, weed control, harvesting hay, fertilizing for second \ncutting, general farm maintenance. Farmers markets are selling vegetables, honey and bedding/nursery p lants. \n \nKENAI PENINSULA: An average of 7.0 days was suitable for fieldwork. Rate of crop growth was reported as 40% moderate, \n60% rapid. Farm activities for the week included harvesting hay and preparing for the cutting season. \n \n \nSoil Moisture -- Alaska \n Very short Short Adequate Surplus \n (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) \nTopsoil Moisture – State..>>>>>>>>>>>>> 0 40 60 0 \n Tanana Valley>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.>>.. 0 50 50 0 \n Matanuska Valley>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.... 0 25 75 0 \n Kenai Peninsula>>>>>>>>>>>>>>..>. 0 60 40 0 \nSubsoil Moisture – State >..>>>>>>>>>>>.. 0 15 85 0 \n Tanana Valley>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.>. 0 10 90 0 \n Matanuska Valley>>>>>>>>>>>>.>>... 0 15 85 0 \n Kenai Peninsula>>>>>>>>>>>>>>..>. 0 50 50 0 \n \nSoil Temperatures (F 0) \n \nGrass \nFallow land \nAir Temperature \nPrecipitation \n(inches) 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 \nHigh \nLow \nSawmill Creek 1/ >..>>>>. 48 41 46 na na na 85 34 0.07 \nPlant Materials Center 2/ >> 57 na na na 57 51 82 43 0.41 \nWeather data and Pan Evaporation from UAF-AFES, Mat anuska Experiment Farm, Palmer: Not available for 2 016 \n 1/ 4” depth, 2/ 6” depth, na – not available. \n \nCrop Progress -- Alaska \n \n Percent completed \nThis week Last week Last year 5 year \naverage \n (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) \nBarley in boot>>..>>>>>>>>>>>>..>>>.. 5 na 0 0 \nOats pre-boot.>>>>>>..>>>>>......................... 100 100 100 100 \nPotatoes Planted.>>>>>..>>>>>....................... . 100 95 100 99 \n Emerged>>>>>>>>>>>>>..>>>. 75 60 63 45 \nHay Harvested >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>. 15 na 7 2 \nna – not available \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nCrop Condition -- Alaska \n Very poor Poor Fair Good Excellent \n (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) \nBarley>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.>>. 0 0 25 50 25 \nOats .>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.>>. 0 0 20 60 20 \n \nHay>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.>>. 0 0 15 60 25 \n \n \nWeekly Weather Statistics — Alaska: June 13 - June 19, 2016 \nWeather station Air temperature Last week \nprecipitation Season cumulative \nprecipitation Growing \ndegree days \nHi Low AVG DFN Total \ninches Days Total \ninches DFN Days Base 50 Base 40 \nTotal DFN Total \nFairbanks International ................... \nFairbanks-Eielson .......................... \nNenana .......................................... \nFort Greely-Allen ............................ \nHealy River Airport ......................... \nGulkana Airport .............................. \nGlennallen ...................................... \nSutton ............................................ \nPalmer ........................................... \nTalkeetna ....................................... \nWillow Airport ................................. \nAnchorage International ................. \nKenai.............................................. \nHomer ............................................ \nKodiak ............................................ \nJuneau Airport 85 \n84 \n85 \n83 \n80 \n82 \n81 \n77 \n79 \n81 \n80 \n83 \n75 \n73 \n74 \n80 41 \n37 \n39 \n41 \n41 \n43 \n32 \n45 \n44 \n44 \n48 \n50 \n40 \n40 \n47 \n38 61 \n59 \n61 \n59 \n59 \n60 \n58 \n58 \n60 \n60 \n61 \n62 \n56 \n56 \n58 \n59 +1 \n-2 \n+3 \n+2 \n+3 \n+7 \n+5 \n+5 \n+5 \n+5 \n+6 \n+7 \n+6 \n+7 \n+9 \n+5 0.14 \n0.54 \n0.01 \n0.20 \n0.12 \n0.05 \n0.11 \n0.15 \n0.31 \n0.24 \n0.17 \n0.00 \n0.40 \n0.28 \n0.35 \n0.38 2 \n2 \n1 \n2 \n2 \n2 \n1 \n3 \n2 \n2 \n3 \n0 \n1 \n3 \n4 \n2 2.96 \n3.92 \n2.89 \n2.62 \n2.53 \n1.03 \n0.93 \n2.85 \n1.56 \n2.90 \n2.79 \n1.43 \n2.08 \n1.48 \n5.59 \n8.11 +1.47 \n+2.19 \n+1.92 \n+0.38 \n+0.40 \n-0.49 \n-0.47 \n+1.15 \n+0.13 \n-0.22 \n+0.84 \n+0.09 \n+0.47 \n-0.15 \n-4.26 \n+2.54 16 \n15 \n16 \n19 \n24 \n18 \n11 \n28 \n14 \n21 \n27 \n12 \n16 \n20 \n23 \n26 302 \n239 \n260 \n243 \n187 \n220 \n163 \n166 \n267 \n259 \n277 \n272 \n121 \n114 \n105 \n223 +82 \n+34 \n+82 \n+61 \n+59 \n+159 \n+113 \n+95 \n+144 \n+151 \n+169 \n+167 \n+85 \n+89 \n+86 \n+113 777 \n682 \n718 \n656 \n613 \n623 \n549 \n586 \n721 \n709 \n736 \n721 \n544 \n548 \n518 \n688 \n Summary based on NWS data. \n DFN=Departure from normal. \n Precipitation days=Days with precipitation of 0.0 1 inch or more. \n Season cumulative precipitation total starts May 1, 2016. \n \n For more weather information visit www.awis.com o r call 1-888-798-9955. \n Copyright 2016: Agricultural Weather Information Service, Inc. \n All rights reserved. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nUSDA/NASS/Alaska Field Office \nPO Box 799 \nPalmer, AK 99645 \n \n \n \n \n "
} |
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"pdf_file": "2A2C2V4WI5YRDJHR26XUD4IAULIYGTMA.pdf",
"text": "Broadcast Technicians, page 1 of 3\nA CareerZone Occupational Brief for:\nBroadcast Technicians\nAn occupation in Engineering and Technologies\nNew York State Department of Labor\nDavid A. Paterson, Governor\nJob Description\nSet up, operate, and maintain the electronic equipment used to transmit radio and television programs. Control\naudio equipment to regulate volume level and quality of sound during radio and television broadcasts. Operate\nradio transmitter to broadcast radio and television programs.\nInterests\nRealistic - Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and\nsolutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of\nthe occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.\nTasks\n1. Maintain programming logs, as required by station management and the Federal Communications\nCommission.\n2. Control audio equipment to regulate the volume and sound quality during radio and television broadcasts.\n3. Monitor strength, clarity, and reliability of incoming and outgoing signals, and adjust equipment as necessary to\nmaintain quality broadcasts.\n4. Regulate the fidelity, brightness, and contrast of video transmissions, using video console control panels.\n5. Observe monitors and converse with station personnel to determine audio and video levels and to ascertain\nthat programs are airing.\n6. Preview scheduled programs to ensure that signals are functioning and programs are ready for transmission.\n7. Select sources from which programming will be received, or through which programming will be transmitted.\n8. Report equipment problems, ensure that repairs are made, and make emergency repairs to equipment when\nnecessary and possible.\n9. Record sound onto tape or film for radio or television, checking its quality and making adjustments where\nnecessary.\n10. Align antennae with receiving dishes to obtain the clearest signal for transmission of broadcasts from field\nlocations.\n11. Substitute programs in cases where signals fail.\nSkills\nOperation Monitoring - Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.\nReading Comprehension - Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.\nOperation and Control - Controlling operations of equipment or systems. Broadcast Technicians, page 2 of 3\nTroubleshooting - Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.\nActive Listening - Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points\nbeing made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.\nActive Learning - Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving\nand decision-making.\nCritical Thinking - Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions,\nconclusions or approaches to problems.\nKnowledge\nTelecommunications - Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of\ntelecommunications systems.\nCommunications and Media - Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques\nand methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.\nComputers and Electronics - Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and\ncomputer hardware and software, including applications and programming.\nEnglish Language - Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and\nspelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.\nEngineering and Technology - Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology.\nThis includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various\ngoods and services.\nEducation and Training - Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and\ninstruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.\nMechanical - Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.\nEducation\nJob Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed\nEducation: Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or\nan associate's degree. Some may require a bachelor's degree.\nTraining: Employees in these occupations usually need one or two years of training involving both on-the-job\nexperience and informal training with experienced workers.\nSchool Programs\nCommunications Technology/Technician. - A program that generally prepares individuals to function as\nworkers and managers within communications industries. Includes instruction in business economics; basic\nmanagement; principles of interpersonal and mediated communications; radio, television, and digital media\nproduction; and related aspects of technology and communications systems.\nRadio and Television Broadcasting Technology/Technician. - A program that prepares individuals to apply\ntechnical knowledge and skills to the production of radio and television programs, and related operations, under\nthe supervision of broadcast and studio managers, directors, editors, and producers. Includes instruction in\nsound, lighting, and camera operation and maintenance; power and feed control; studio operations; production\npreparation; broadcast engineering; related computer applications; and specialized applications such as news,\nentertainment, live talk, sports, commercials, and taping. Broadcast Technicians, page 3 of 3\nAudiovisual Communications Technologies/Technicians, Other. - Any instructional program in audiovisual\ncommunications technologies not listed above.\nWages\nIn NY the average wage for this occupation was:\n$33,030 for entry level workers, and $65,350 for experienced workers.\nJob Outlook\nBased on the total number of annual openings and its growth rate, the employment prospects for this occupation\nare described as Favorable.\nIn 2006, employment for Broadcast Technicians in NY was: 3,630.\nIt is anticipated that in the year 2016, employment in this area will number 3,930. There will be an increase of 30\nnew positions annually (0.01%). In addition, 120 jobs per year (0.03%) will become available due to employee\nturnover.\nSimilar Jobs\nComputer Support Specialists - Provide technical assistance to computer system users. Answer questions or\nresolve computer problems for clients in person, via telephone or from remote location. May provide assistance\nconcerning the use of computer hardware and software, including printing, installation, word processing,\nelectronic mail, and operating systems.\nNetwork Systems and Data Communications Analysts - Analyze, design, test, and evaluate network systems,\nsuch as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), Internet, intranet, and other data communications\nsystems. Perform network modeling, analysis, and planning. Research and recommend network and data\ncommunications hardware and software. Includes telecommunications specialists who deal with the interfacing of\ncomputer and communications equipment. May supervise computer programmers.\nRadio Operators - Receive and transmit communications using radiotelegraph or radiotelephone equipment in\naccordance with government regulations. May repair equipment.\nSound Engineering Technicians - Operate machines and equipment to record, synchronize, mix, or reproduce\nmusic, voices, or sound effects in sporting arenas, theater productions, recording studios, or movie and video\nproductions.\nFilm and Video Editors - Edit motion picture soundtracks, film, and video.\nTelecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers - Set-up, rearrange,\nor remove switching and dialing equipment used in central offices. Service or repair telephones and other\ncommunication equipment on customers' property. May install equipment in new locations or install wiring and\ntelephone jacks in buildings under construction.\nElectronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers - Repair, adjust, or install audio or\ntelevision receivers, stereo systems, camcorders, video systems, or other electronic home entertainment\nequipment.\nTelecommunications Line Installers and Repairers - String and repair telephone and television cable,\nincluding fiber optics and other equipment for transmitting messages or television programming.\nNuclear Power Reactor Operators - Control nuclear reactors."
} |
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"pdf_file": "KJRNBHQZEAPZL7FXVKBGPEN45LKGPLGM.pdf",
"text": "HP0545, LD 796, item 2, 124th Maine State Legislature , Amendment C \"A\", Filing Number H-527\n‘An Act To Direct Fines Derived from Tribal Law Enforcement\nActivities to the Passamaquoddy Tribe and the Penobscot Nation’\nHP0545, Filing Number H-527, LR 375, item 2, First Regular Session - 124th Maine Legislature, page 1PLEASE NOTE: Legislative Information cannot perform research, provide legal\nadvice, or interpret Maine law. For legal assistance, please contact a qualified attorney.\nAmend the bill by striking out the title and substituting the following:\n‘An Act To Direct Fines Derived from Tribal Law Enforcement\nActivities to the Passamaquoddy Tribe and the Penobscot Nation’\nAmend the bill by striking out everything after the enacting clause and before the summary and\ninserting the following:\n‘Sec. 1. 4 MRSA §1059 is enacted to read:\n§ 1059. Fines; tribal law enforcement activities\n1. Civil and criminal fines. Except as provided in subsection 2, a fine for a civil violation,\ntraffic infraction or Class D or Class E crime imposed for a violation of any tribal or state law must\nbe remitted to the Passamaquoddy Tribe or the Penobscot Nation, as appropriate, when a tribal law\nenforcement agency issued the ticket, complaint, summons or warrant or made the arrest related to the\nviolation.\n2. Exception; environmental violations. A fine imposed by a state court for a violation\nof Title 38 within the Indian territory of the Passamaquoddy Tribe or the Penobscot Nation may not be\nremitted to the Passamaquoddy Tribe or the Penobscot Nation. In addition to those costs awarded to the\nState pursuant to Title 14, section 1522, subsection 1, the court may award to the Passamaquoddy Tribe or\nthe Penobscot Nation costs associated with investigating and otherwise contributing to any enforcement\naction for a violation of Title 38. ’\n \nSUMMARY\nThis amendment replaces the bill and changes the title.\nIt provides that all fines for Class D and Class E crimes and for civil violations in which a tribal\nlaw enforcement agency is involved by issuing a ticket, complaint, summons or warrant or by making\nan arrest must be remitted to the appropriate tribe, with one exception. The civil and criminal fines may\nnot be remitted to the Passamaquoddy Tribe or the Penobscot Nation if the violation is a violation of\nthe Maine Revised Statutes, Title 38. The court may award the Passamaquoddy Tribe and the Penobscot\nNation costs associated with their participation in the investigation and prosecution of a Title 38 violation.\nFISCAL NOTE REQUIRED\n(See attached)"
} |
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"pdf_file": "QEU2VCKWPAORHZCIZZAJSMR373CNXFJH.pdf",
"text": "Map by: Legislative Research Commission\nGeographic Information Systems Office\nRoom 22, Capitol Annex\nFrankfort, Kentucky 40601\n502-564-8100\ngis@lrc.ky.gov\nMarch 2006\nThis map has been compiled from various sources.\nLRC does not guarantee its accuracy.House District\n8\n§¨¦24\nTriggLyon\nChristian\nCallowayCaldwell\nMarshall(Trigg County Area)\n8\n56\n94\n§¨¦24\ntu68\ntu68XUV778UV128\nUV164UV124\nUV1349UV514\nUV1585UV93\nUV1507\nUV1663UV1026\nUV117UV624UV109\nUV958\nUV695\nUV807UV276\nUV274\nUV139UV1272\nUV1062UV1489\nUV287UV1891UV126\nUV272\nUV1253UV91 UV398\nUV107UV672\nUV6057UV903\nUV6060\nUV525UV6059UV6022\nUV6051\nUV3468UV3186UV6053\nUV1175UV1451\nUV1097UV6020\nUV6050\nUV918UV6052UV6021\nUV6058UV6054UV6018\nUV929UV276UV514\nUV778UV1026\nUV276 UV126\nTHE TRACE\nPATTON RDANGELS RD\nFD-0153FD-0174\nENERGY LAKE RDFD-0144\nBODDIE RD\nLAURA FURNACE RDMAGGIE RDFD-\n0324PR-1216\nSIMS RD\nSILOAM RDBRADY LNFD-0152PR-1104FD-0356OLD DOVER RD\nFD-0148\nBARNETT RDM\nULBERRY FLAT RDFD-0349PIERCE LNSILVER TRLPOWELL LN\nTUGGLE RDLONNIE WALKER HWYFD-0357FORDS BAY RDFD-0322\nBUSH RDFLAT LICK LN\nPR-1207ROARING SPGS RD\nMCNABB CRK RDPRYOR TRLFD-0171WE LIKE IT LNWEST PERIMETER RDKINGS CHAPEL RD\nP'POOL RD\nFD-0168\nFD-0169\nFD-0351LINEPORT RDHARMONY GROVE RD\nDARNELL RD\nHARROL RDFD-0160FD-0145PETSCH LNADAM\nS M\nILL RDJACK MIZE RDPR-\n1209FD-0336\nPV-1218GLASS LN\nMILITARY RDRILEY HOLLOW RD\nFD-0166PR-1206\nMAIL CARRIER RDSAM DOWNS RDFD-0154FD-0350\nREDDICK POND RDWHITE RD\nTAYLOR RD\nE ADAMS MILL RD\nCRAVENS BAY RDSIMMONS LN\nFD-0151\nFD-0354\nFRIENDSHIP RDBLUE SPRINGS RD\nFD-0141\nDUDLEY BOYD RDHAY RD\nRED DIAM\nOND RD\nATKINS CEM RD\nCRAVENS RD\nBLUE SPG RDDUNKERSON RDEBENEZER RDFD-0342FD-0328\nM\nCATEE RD\nIC-8036FFD-0146\nSTONE RDLAFAYETTE ST\nN TANYARD RDSHINE LNFD-0333FERGUSON RD\nOLD CADIZ MAGGIE RDLINE STCRISP RD\nFREEM\nAN RDED SMITH RD\nWOODSON CHAPEL RD\nFD-0327FD-0100A\nPARKVIEW SHORES RD\nJAGO THOMAS RD\nEVERETTS LN\nSHURDAN CRK RD\nOLD CLARKSVILLE PIKE\nPR-1208\nGENTRY GRAY RD\nFD-0344\nMASON MILL RD\nE LAKE RDWALNUT LN\nGRIGSBY LNHOPSON RD\nGOOSE HOLLOW RDJULIEN-NEWSTEAD RD\nDYERS CHAPEL RDMCNICHOLS RD\nMALONE RDED MITCHELL RD\nFD-0159\nA DANIELS RDE ROSS SCHOOL RD\nRASCOE RD\nCROSSROADS SCHOOL RDTRIGG FURNACE RDWOODS RDSMITH LNPARKERSVILLE RDB HALL RDGLENWOOD MILL RDSIMMONS CEMETERY RD\nCERULEAN-SINKING FRK RD\nPARADISE HLS RD\nFD-0155BUFFALO RD\nRED HILL RDFD-0352\nPR-1210FD-0143\nDELM\nONT C\nHURCH R\nD\nLIBERTY LNCAUDLE RD\nKELLY RDFD-0157FD-0323BEECHY FORK RDBOYD RDPRIZER POINT RDFD-0320OLD HOPKINSVILLE RDFD-0156WALL CEM RD\nSTATE PARK RDMOCK RDBEECH SPG RD\nFD-0326\nGRESHAM RD\nFD-0142DIXON RDFD-0\n203PR-1217\nREDD LN\nPLEASANT HILL CHURCH RDORMAN RD\nPV-1240RIVER BEND RD\nCUNNINGHAM LN\nSHEPHERD RDPINEY WOOD RDDOCTOR HATCHER RD\nPV-1243\nFD-0347\nCERULEAN RDSKINNER RD\nFD-0149\nCADIZ R\nD \n#3WOOSLEY-MOUNT CARMEL RD\nPV-1231\nVINE RDSUMMIT PT\nPV-1013\nPR-1105\nFD-0321\nMCGEE RDIC-8036JYOUNG RD S\nEAST NOEL DR\nDONNIE LN\nFD-0413PV-1245COYOTE RIDGE RD\nFD-0161\nROARING SPG RDHART RDFD-0204PV-1221PR-1326ARTILLERY RD\nCORNELIUS RDDYER RDFD-0359\nSWIFT FORD RDFD-0366ORTEN RDPR-1218\nLOOP LN\nOLD LAFAYETTE RD\nCANNON RDFD-0353NONE KNOWNO DANIELS RD\nWESTEND ST\nFLOYD SUMNER RD\nLONGFORD BRIDGE RDUNNAMED RD\nPV-1203FD-0201\nBAY LNSISK LN\nMOOSE LNFD-0358\nM\nACK LONG RDHOWARD RD\nFOWLER RDHARMONY CHURCH RDJOHNSON HOLLOW\n RDMCCAIN RDFULTON BAY RD\nCOOL SPG CAVE RDOLD PRINCETON RD\nMCCRAW RD\nPR-1213HAMMOND LAKE RDWHARTON RD\nRIDGE DRSTRIPED BRIDGE RD\nBURKLEY RDPV-1208\nJ C KELLY RD\nJOEY DRNUNN BLVD\nSHOEBRIDGE RDPV-1244FD-0355\nBAYVIEW\n DR\nFLEMING-GILES RDCORINTH\n CEM\n RD\nHALE RD\nPV-1313TYLER R\nD\nPV-1229POOL NANNY RD\nCHEATHAM LNJ P CAMPBELL RDPV-1219\nCOMPLEX RDPR-1205\nRICH CIR\nAL HENN RDAIRPORT RDSKIP JACK LNFD-0407A\nWYNN RDROLLING MILLS RD\nSTONE QUARRY RD\nWALNUT DR\nPV-1235\nFD-0100C\nPV-1216BIRDIE BANNISTER RD\nBAKER CT\nPV-1239RAMON OLIVER RD\nSTEWART RD\nLAKOTA DR\nFD-0335\nRANDOLPH RD\nMCCOY HOLLOW RD\nANNA STPV-1207LINDSAY LNDIXON LN\nOLD ROCKY POINT RDPV-1220PV-1213\nHERITAGE TRCEPV-1236\nPV-1217\nBLANKS RD\nHOPSON STORE RD\nGRAHAM SCHOOL RDFD-0178PR-1212\nFD-0367PV-1230GRIGSBY RDPR-1204\nNEW\n HO\nPE CH\nURC\nH \nRDFD-0162\nTOWLER RD\nHOPPER RD\nBAILEY LNHAYDON RD\nPV-1204KILLEBREW RD\nMERRICK RD\nIRONWATER PASSTERRACE LNTULL RDP KING RD\nOLIVER RD\nPERRY RD\nFD-0348WHEATON WAYKENNEDY RDADAMS CEM RDPARKVIEW DR\nSAMMY GUNN RD\nHENSLEY LN\nWELLS RDPV-1210RYAN RD\nJ GRESHAM RD\nHOLLOWELL RD\nSAMSIL CEM RD\nAPPLE VALLEY DRWESLEY LN\nMCGRAW RDMASHBURN RDHOWDY DOODY DRHALL CEM RD\nBLUE RIVER RD\nBEACH BEND DRFELIX WADLINGTON RD\nNANCY AVE\nCRAIG BRANCH DR\nSHADY LN\nSMITH RDMOUND RD\nPEACH DRFD-0406\nCLYDE THOMAS RDSTONEY LNPERRY LN\nPRIVATE\nWHITETAIL CREEK RDOLD ROCKCASTLE RDMALLARD DR\nPV-1138WOODRUFF LN\nFD-0179\nMITCHELL RDFD-0158BRELSFORD LNM\nARTIN LNM\nEADOW\n DROLD GOOSE PEN RD\nHARPER RDDOUGLAS THOMAS RD\nKNIGHT R\nDCA\nLHO\nUN RDPV-1137\nA CALHOUN RDE STEWART RD\nGUINN RD\nIC-8036KW\nATE\nRFOUL W\nAYMALCOLMS POINT RD\nSUNSET CTPV-1015\nPUGH FLAT CHURCH RDFD-1001PARTRIDGE PTLANCASTER RD\nCARR LN\nPV-1102WHITE ST\nHILLTOP LNFD-0176BEAR RUN RD\nSOLOMON DR\nCOTTAGE LOOPEDNA LN\nPIN OAK DR\nCHILDRESS RDPETITE LNCOTTON RDHICKORY HLDONALDSON CREEK RD\nLINCOLN AVEWHITE OAK LN\nFD-0138\nSHAW\nNEE TRL\nTAYLOR BAY RDSUMMERFIELD DRWILLIAMSON RDCANTON RDCLAY BANKS RDGAINES RDQUAIL RIDGE RDTHACKER RDPV-1232\nINDIANA DR\nLAKE VISTA DRIRIS LN\nDAW\nSON LN\nFRYE RDPERRY ST\nCLARKSDALE DRWATTS DRHARGROVE RDANDREW MERRICK RDHARBOR DR\nFD-0365PR-1307OSPREY DR\nBRANDON RDRICHMOND DR\nBIRTIE LNGALLATIN RD\nBRANT DRCALEDONIA-PEEDEE RDM\nAY\nHUGH RD\nTILGHMAN RD\nHAMPTON DRINDUSTRIAL DR\nFOREST CIR\nHERON PT\nPV-1312\nALLEN CIR\nMACK CUNNINGHAM RD\nFD-0407D\nBAKERSFIELD DR\nATKINS RDOLD SMITH LN\nBOBBY LIGHT RDRIVERVIEW\n TRL\nCLINT LN\nPV-1214\nDAVE SHOLAR RDMARCAL DR\nBOBBY ALLEN RDPIONEER DRDONNIES DR\nPR-1111\nRENNISON RDFD-0150ANGEL RDFD-0175BUCKINGHAM RD\nRIMCREST CIRJENNY LN\nPS-1003DYERS HILL RDLIGHT CEM RDPR-1312\nEAST MAIN STCHAMPION RD WWASHINGTON AVE\nOAKLAND CHURCH RDTHRUSH RDPV-1106EDWARDS CEM RDDEER WALK LN\nELK PARK DRRUSHING CRK\nPV-1211\nCOM\nANCHE DR\nPR-1250\nFAUGHN RD\nGRAYS HILLVIEW DRLANCELOT DR\nH C FUTRELL RDGENTRY RDPOLL\nARD CIR\nPINK SWALLOW LN\nLUTTRELL RD\nSCHOOL STPV-1101\nMELWOOD DR\nNELUM\nS RDMUDDY FORK LNCHERRY BAY RD\nHUNTER LNPR-1017\nPV-1216WYNN RD\nNONE KNOWN\nOLD DOVER RD\nPR-1205\nPV-1214\nNONE KNOWNPV-1211\nOLD DOVER RD\nOLD GOOSE PEN RDCOTTON RD\nNONE KNOWNPR-1206ARTILLERY RD\nHART RDBUSH RDMITCHELL RD\nRED DIAMOND RD\nTHE TRACE\nUNNAMED RD\nFD-0320\nCounty Boundary\nInterstates\nParkways\nUS Highways\nState Roads\nLocal Roads024 1\nMiles"
} |
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"text": "2004 FCIC 24010 CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS HANDBOOK (CSH) \nSUMMARY OF CHANGES \n \nThis handbook has been in the reconstruction phase for the past two years. During this \ntime, the Regional Offices have had several opportunities to provide comments, \nsuggestions, and additions. Insurance Services and the Actuarial Division have provided \nadditional review and comment. \n \nThe Handbook was reformatted using the same formatting and fonts as the Crop Insurance \nHandbook. Listed below is an overview of the changes that were made: \n \n \nReference: Description of additions, changes or clarifications: \nTable of \nContents Table of Contents was electronically generated and is linked to the \napplicable text. \nSection 3 Definitions have been removed added or updated to agree with t he \nhandbook changes. \nSection 4 Updated and expanded Adjusting Transitional Yields for High -Risk Land. \nSection 4 Removed Continuous Cropping Practice. \nSection 4 Removed Hard -Copy Evidence for Category “B and C” Crops. \nSection 4 Removed Transfer of AP H Yield History on Category “B and C” Annual \nCrops. \nSection 4 Updated Master Yield using current procedure changes and combined \nprior Master Yield procedure into one area. \nSection 4 Updated Perennial Crop Underwriting Guidelines and clarified RO \nauthorit y. \nSection 4 Removed Forage Production Age of Stand –no longer applicable/Policy \nChange. \nSection 4 Removed Peanut procedure –no longer applicable, APH, updated \nTobacco. \nSection 4 Removed Peaches, Apples, Grapes/Table Grapes -Now covered in RMA \nRO Underwri ting Guidelines. \nSection 4 Added Land RMA RO procedures were outlined. \nSection 5 Updated sections and added General High Risk Rate Calculations. \nSection 6 Added section on Unclassified/Unrated land with subsections of \nDistribution of Production Guaran tees and Rate Calculations, Identifying \nUnclassified/Unrated Land, Information Needed to Rate \nUnclassified/Unrated Land, and Methods of Insurance for \nUnclassified/Unrated Land. \nExhibit 2 Removed FCI -35 County Coverage and Rate Table. Replaced with \nUnder writing Guide Format. \nExhibit 3 Removed Master Yield Calculation -Covered in CIH. Replaced with new \nFlood Plain Characteristics and Rating Implications. \nExhibit 4 Underwriting Guide Format moved to Exhibit 2. Replaced with new \nReference to Actuarial St ructures. \nExhibit 5 & 6 Removed Letters -No longer applicable. Replaced Exhibit 5 with Spans \nUsed for Tobacco. \n \n \n \n \nUnited States \nDepartment of \nAgriculture \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nProduct \nDevelopment \nDivision \n \nFCIC 24010 (2004) \n \n2004 \nCLASSIFICATION \nSTANDARDS \nHANDBOOK \n \n \n Regional Office Standards and Instructions for \nDetermining and Assigning Coverage and Rate \nClassifications. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n AUGUST 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS FCIC 24010 \n i \n \n \n1 PURPOSE ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....1 \n \n \n2 CANCELLATION ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... ..1 \n \n \n3 DEFINIT IONS ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ ..3 \n \n \n4 COVERAGE DETERMINATION ................................ ................................ ............................... ..4 \nADJUSTING T -YIELDS FOR HIGH -RISK LAND ................................ ............................ 4 \nMASTER YIELDS ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 5 \nPERENNIAL CROP UNDERWRITING GUIDELINES ................................ .................... 7 \nTOBACCO PRODUCERS ................................ ................................ ............................. 11 \nADDED LAND ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 13 \n \n \n5 HIGH RISK LAND RATE CLASSIFICATION ................................ ................................ ............ 15 \nRATING OF FLOOD PRONE LAND ................................ ................................ ............. 15 \nRATING OF FRAGILE AND HIGHLY ERODIBLE LAND ................................ ............. 18 \nGENERAL HIGH RISK RATE CALCULATIONS ................................ .......................... 20 \n \n \n6 UNCLASSIFIED/UNRATED LAND ................................ ................................ ........................... 23 \nDISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTION GUARANTEES AND RATE CALCULATION S...23 \nIDENTIFYING UNCLASSIFIED/UNRATED LAND ................................ ....................... 23 \nINFORMATION NEEDED TO RATE UNCLASSIFED/UNRATED LAND .................... 24 \nMETHODS OF INSURANCE FOR UNCLASSIFIED/UNRATED LAND ....................... 25 \n \n \nEXHIBIT 1 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 29 \nADJUSTING TRANSITIONAL YIELDS FOR HIGH RISK LAND ................................ ..29 \n \n \nEXHIBIT 2 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 31 \nUNDERWRITING GUIDE FORMAT ................................ ................................ .............. 31 \n \n \nEXHIBIT 3 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 33 \nFLOOD PLAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND RATING IMPLICATIONS ......................... 33 \n \n \nEXHIBIT 4 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 39 \nREFERENCE TO ACTUARIAL STRUCTURES ................................ ........................... 39 \n \n \nEXHIBIT 5 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 40 \nSPANS USED FOR TOBACCO ................................ ................................ .................... 40 \n \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n ii \n \n \nReserved. \n \n AUGUST 2004 FCIC 24010 \n 1 \n U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE \n WASHINGTON, D.C. 20250 \n \n \nRISK MANAGEMENT AGENCY DIRECTIVE \n NUMBER: \n24010 \n \nDATE: \n August 19, 2003 \n \nOPI: \nPRODUCT DEVELOPMENT DIVISION SUBJECT: \n \n \nCLASSIFICATION STANDARDS HANDBOOK \nAPPROVED: \nTim B. Witt /s/ \n \n \n \n \n1 PURPOSE \n \nTo provide the RRiisskk MMaannaaggeemmeenntt AAggeennccyy RReeggiioonnaall OOffffiicceess ((RRMMAA RROO’’ss)) operating \nstandards for coverage and rate classification determination s. \n \nNOTE: IF A CONFLICT EXISTS BETWEEN THE LANGUAGE OF THIS HANDBOOK \nAND THE CROP INSURANCE HANDBOOK (CIH), THE LANGUAGE OF THE \nCIH WILL CONTROL. \n \n \n2 CANCELLATION \n \n2A Effective Date . The RMA 24010 Classification Standards Handbo ok became \neffective on August 19, 2003. \n \n2B Issuances Rescinded . This handbook replaces Transmittal No. M7 -9 dated \nAugust 3, 1992. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nDISTRIBUTION. \n \nRisk Management Agency Directors, Branch Chiefs, Washington, D.C. and Kansas City; \nRegional Offices, Risk Compliance Offices, NAD, and NCIS. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 2 \n \n \nReserved. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 3 \n \n \n3 DEFINITIONS \n \n \n3A County actuarial structure . A record of different coverage and/or rates with \nrespective identification. \n \n \n3B Farming operation . One or more persons who participate in establishing a yield \nhistory. Corporations, partnerships, and family operations a re included under \nthis title. \n \n \n3C Flood frequency . The number of times flooding occurs over a period of years. \n \n \n3D Flood severity . The degree of damage or loss caused by flooding over a period \nof a year or years. \n \n \n3E High -risk land . Acreage with iden tifiable physical limitations to crop production \nthat may increase the potential frequency and/or severity of loss; or expose a \nplanted or intended crop to perils not generally encountered by most insureds. \nSuch acreage may consist of flood plains, poorly drained areas, high sand \ncontent soils, high aluminum toxicity soils, high sodium content soils, high alkali \nsoils, peat soils, soils with high or low pH, soils that are highly erodible, etc. \n \n \n3F Homogeneous yield area . Defined portions of a county or s tate with similar \ncrop yield or yield capabilities. \n \n \n3G Individual Determined Yield . A yield determined by the RMA Regional Office \n(RO) used to complete a four -year base period when less than four years of \nactual production history are provided. \n \n \n3H Nonactual yield . Any yield other than an actual yield that is used for the \npurpose of determining insurance coverage. Such yields include transitional, \nadjusted transitional, assigned APH yields, yield substitutions, etc. \n \n \n3I Unclassified/Unrated Land . Acreage within a county without published \ncoverage and/or rates. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 4 \n \n4 COVERAGE DETERMINATION See [Exhibit 4] \n \n \n4A Adjusting Transitional Yields For High -Risk Land \n \nTo reduce the frequency of excessive indemnities in high -risk areas, RMA may \nadjust transitional yields (T -Yields) by using T -Yield Map Areas or other actuarial \ndocument, to more accurately reflect an average yield for the area. The T -Yields \nin the database are als o subject to change. Refer to the Crop Insurance \nHandbook (CIH) for more information on T -Yields. \n \nA(1) Identify areas of high -risk land on the FCI -33, FCI-33 Legal Descriptor \nDocument or FCI -33 Supplement. Use Natural Resource Conservation \nService (NRCS ) soils surveys, climatological data, insurance experience, \nRMA RO site inspections, and local resource personnel to determine the \npresence of high -risk land. \n \n A(2) Determine the adjusted “T - Yield” for a high -risk area: \n \n(2)(a) Calculation . Divide the weighted average yield potential of \npredominant soil -mapping units in the high -risk area (High -Risk \nYield [HRY]), by the weighted average yield for the predominant \nsoils of the cropland in the entire county (County Average Yield \n[CAY]), excluding any high -risk land. HRY/CAY = Yield Factor (F). \n \n(2)(b) Determine the County Transitional Yield (T-Yield by \npractice/type/map area) from the county actuarial documents. \nMultiply the County T -Yield by Yield Factor (F) to obtain the \nadjusted T -Yield for the high -risk area. See [Exhibit 1]. \n \n A(3) Determine the adjusted T -Yield for flood prone/excess moisture areas: \n \n Yields published by NRCS do not account for probable losses due to \nrecurring problems with flooding and excess moisture; the following can \nbe used to determine an adjusted T -Yield: \n \n(3)(a) Determine the County T -Yield (by practice/type/map area) from \nthe county actuarial documents. \n \n(3)(b) Compute the flood/excess moisture frequency . Subtract the \nflood/excess moisture frequency from 1.00. Multiply th e result \ntimes the County T -Yield. This will be the adjusted T -Yield for the \nflood-prone/excess moisture land. \n \nA(4) Soils with no published yields (contact NRCS for updated or \nunpublished lists) may be ranked by using methods such as yield \npotential ve rsus available water, comparability with other similar soils, \nadjustments for slope, salinity, etc., and interactions of these \ncharacteristics. Other sources of supporting information include \nclimatological data, actual yield history, geographic informatio n system \nmapping, university personnel and reports, NRCS and FSA personnel. \n \nNOTE: Determination of adjusted T -Yields for high -risk land should be \nthoroughly documented and retained in the county work folder. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 5 \n \n \n4B Master Yields \n \nB(1) Approving County Crop Programs For Master Yields \n \nUse the following standards to recommend county crop programs for \nmaster yields: \n \n(1)(a) Agronomic practices generally preclude the accumulation of a \ncomplete four years of production history in a ten -year calendar \nperiod for a unit. \n \n(1)(b) Unbiased third -party evidence of planted acreage and harvested \nproduction (supporting evidence) is available through a processor \nor the insured. \n \n(1)(c) The occurrence of a large number of policies for the crop and \npredominance of crop share (vs. cash rent/ownership) may cause \nadministrative problems with an operator entity master yield, \nbecause sharing landowners may be insured with a different \ncompany. NOTE: Added land procedures for standard APH will \nnot apply to a crop in a county eligible for master yields. If the \ncrop has not been produced for four years or more, producers \nwould not be eligible for master yields and will be limited to \nvariable or 100% T -Yields. \n \n(1)(d) Master yields are applicable on a county crop program basis . \nDifferent Master yields may be established for areas with similar \ngrowing conditions. This is referred to as the master yield \nhomogenous area. \n \n(1)(e) Submit recommended changes to the Master Yield List in Exhibit \n7 of the CIH by crop and state or by county crop program to the \nProduct Development Division no later than COB on the first of \nMarch each calendar year. \n \n B(2) Determining Homogeneous Master Yield Areas \n \n(2)(a) Considerations when determining a homogeneous master yield \narea include: \n \n 1 Soil type and yield potential; \n \n 2 Rainfall and climatic conditions; \n \n 3 Farming practices and management; \n \n 4 Loss experience; \n \n 5 Actuarial maps; and \n \n 6 Farm Serial Numbers (FSN) or legal descriptions. \n \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 6 \n \nB(3) Hard -Copy Evidence For Master Yields \n \n For cases where the RMA RO determines the approved APH yield, the \nRMA RO may require hard -copy evidence of production when reported \nyields do not appear reasonable. \n \n(3)(a) Reasonable means : The reported yield is greater than the result \nof multiplying the applicable lower level yield edit factor for annual \ncrops contained in the Data Acceptance System (DAS) manual \ntimes the transitional yield for the practice/type for the county or \narea within a county. \n \n (3)(b) Send a letter to the Insur ance Provider (IP) describing the \nrequired hard -copy evidence. Remind the company/agent that \nRMA RO will assign a yield if the required evidence is not returned \nwithin 20 calendar days from the date of notification from the RMA \nRO. \n \n B(4) Transfer Of APH Yield History For Master Yields \n \n(4)(a) In some cases , an insured with a master yield may expand the \nfarming operation across a county or state line or form a new \nentity. When this occurs, the published Transitional Yield may not \nbe appropriate. The RMA RO may determine a yield (F Yield \nDescriptor) to be used in place of the published Transitional Yield \nuntil four years of production history can be accumulated. Upon \nreceipt of a timely filed Request For Actuarial Change (as defined \nin the CIH), the RMA RO may consider determining a yield for the \nfollowing cases: \n \n 1 Producers who have a master yield in a county and expand \ntheir operation into an adjacent county that has similar yield \nexpectations. \n \n 2 Individuals who participate in the creation of a mast er yield \ncredited to another person (New Entity) must have participated \nin management of the crop for at least four years. In addition, \nthe RMA RO must determine that a reasonable expectation of \nsimilar production from this new entity exists in order to i ssue \nan RO Determined Yield. If the entity change qualifies for \nsuccessor -in-interest, a total transfer of the database would be \nused. Refer to Section 4 in the CIH. \n \n (4)(b) RMA RO Determined Yields \n \n1 MAP AREAS: This procedure may apply to counties that have \nmap areas if the Transitional Yield in the map area in the \ncounty expanded into is within 15 percent of the Transitional \nYield in the map area of the existing county. The RO \nDetermined Yield will be reduced by the ratio of the \nTransitional Yields, b ut will not be increased above the actual \nyields. No RO Determined Yields are authorized between \nmap areas within a county. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 7 \n \n 2 RO’s may determine and issue a reasonable yield to be used \nin place of the Transitional Yield until four years of actual \nyields can be accumulated. Reasonable yields may be \ndetermined by: \n \na Using NRCS soil survey yields by soil -mapping unit to \nestablish relationships between acreage. \n \nb Indexing yields using the ratio of Transitional Yields or \nprocessor averages between Transi tional Yield areas, \ntypes, practices, or varieties. The RO Determined Yield \nwill not exceed the actual yields obtained by the original \nentity or adjacent county. \n \n3 The RMA RO will establish the RO Determined Yield and \nissue it in a letter to the company instructing them to use the \nyield in the master yield Database(s) with an “F” descriptor and \nto keep the letter in the producer’s file until four years of actual \nhistory is accumulated on the master yield(s). \n \n \n4C Perennial Crop Underwriting Guidelines \n \n Submit proposed guidelines or updates to existing guidelines to the Product \nDevelopment Division for approval. Existing guidelines will apply unless changes \nare submitted for approval prior to the yield det ermination process for the crop \nyear. \n \nC(1) Each RMA RO will establish underwriting guidelines to determine yield \nadjustments when needed. Consider the following criteria when \ndeveloping these guidelines: \n \n(1)(a) The use of inspection report s which indica te the condition of the \ncrop, cultural practices, level of management, etc. \n \n(1)(b) The use of insured's yield history . \n \n(1)(c) History of previous insureds . \n \n(1)(d) Variations in base yield for each crop within states and between \nstates. \n \n(1)(e) Current g rowth stage . \n \n(1)(f) Orchard density and tree spacing . \n \n(1)(g) Tree/vine/bush variety (cultivar) by block or unit. \n \n(1)(h) Degree of carryover damage (disease, freeze, etc.). \n \n(1)(i) Outside sources of underwriting information such as university \nextension specialists, etc. \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 8 \n \nC(2) Guideline Preparation \n \n(2)(a) Format office underwriting guidelines as shown in [Exhibit 2]. \n \n(2)(b) Use the BACKGROUND statement to define the problem being \naddressed. \n \n(2)(c) Use the DETERMINATION portion of the guideline s to convey \na concise decision statement. \n \n(2)(d) Use the IMPLEMENTATION section to define office procedures. \n \n C(3) Regional Offices are authorized in the Crop Insurance Handbook to \nissue guidelines , which waive pre -acceptance field inspections for \ncerta in situations (e.g., abnormally low yields from insurable causes(s) of \nloss for a given area may cause the yield variance to require field reviews \nof an excessive number of contracts). \n \n(3)(a) Waiving pre -acceptance field inspection. As per the CIH, \nInsur ance Providers are not required to perform field inspections, \nbased on the yield variance (as amended by RMA RO guidelines), \non more than 10 percent of their Category C APH contracts per \ncrop, per region. The RMA RO is authorized to issue additional \nguide lines/criteria identifying which contracts (by crop, by region) \nare to be selected under the 10 percent limitation. \n \n(3)(b) Pre-Acceptance Perennial Crop Inspections \n \n The CIH also states that the ”Insurance Providers should contact \nthe applicable RMA R O and specify the reason, which may cause \nexcessive pre -acceptance field inspections, and provide \nexamples, which clearly indicate that excessive pre -acceptance \nfield inspections would be required.” \n \n RMA RO may issue guidelines that waive making Pre -Accep tance \nPerennial Crop Inspection Reports if more than 10 percent of a \ncompanies Category C Crop policies by crop, by region will be \nselected under the Yield Variance in CIH Section 7 F(2)(b) 1&2. \n \n1 Regional guidelines should only address the policies that \nshould be reviewed under this 10 percent rule (e.g., When \nselecting policies, priority should be given first to polices \nselected for yield variance with Pre -Acceptance Perennial \nInspections Reports that are greater than five years old). \n \n2 Copies of the RO guidelines/criteria identifying which \ncontracts by crop by region are to be selected, under the \n10 percent rule for completing Pre -Acceptance Perennial \nInspections Reports due to yield variance, must be \nsubmitted to the Product Development Division, \nUnder writing Standards Branch for approval, prior to being \nissued. RMA RO’s are not authorized to waive doing any \ninspections reports for these contracts or any other CIH AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 9 \n \n procedure. Once approved by RMA RD/PDD/UD \nguidelines should be made available electron ically on the \nRegional Office Websites, at the same time they are \nissued . \n \n(3)(c) RO Determined Yields \n \n The RMA RO may issue guidelines to Insurance Providers \nauthorizing them to calculate approved APH yields for cases \nwhere RMA RO determinations would ot herwise be required. In \nthese cases forwarding of the documentation to the RMA RO \nwould not be required. As per CIH Section 7F(3)(b) 3, Insurance \nProviders are required to send a list of these policies to the RMA \nRO for spot check purposes. \n \n Copies of the RMA RO underwriting guidelines, with instructions \nfor calculating yields and doing yield substitutions under the yield \nadjustment election, must be submitted to the Product \nDevelopment Division/Underwriting Standards Branch for \napproval. Once approved by RMA RD/PDD/UD guidelines should \nbe made available electronically on the Regional Office Websites, \nat the same time they are issued . \n \n1 The RMA RO should be cautious in issuing any guidelines to \naddress catastrophic years that would alter adjustments for \nalternate bearing or down trending identified by the present \nyield variance contained in CIH procedure. The RMA RO’s \nmay not waive CIH procedures preventing CUPS, to apply, to \ncontracts selected for special cases or RO Determined Yields. \nSee [3d) below] for Yield Substitutions. \n \n2 The RMA RO should spot -check and/or review approved APH \nyields completed by an Insurance Provider authorized to under \nRMA RO guidelines for Perennial Category C Crops. \n \na RMA RO Determined Yield Request with Pre -Acceptance \nPeren nial Crop Inspections, less than five years old \n(unless documentation following procedure to waive based \nupon the 10% rule), and all other required supporting \ndocumentation, should be reviewed to determine \ncompliance with RMA policy, procedure and guidelin es. \n \nb The RMA RO guidelines will provide instructions for \nselecting policies for spot check and/or review. A minimum \nof one policy by crop by insurance provider by state must \nbe pulled for spot check or review. \n \n3(d) Yield Limitations and Adjustments \n \n1 The actual yields, prior to any substitution under the yield \nadjustment election, are used for determining if any yield \nadjustments may be required. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 10 \n \nAs per CIH Section 7 J(6)(a) Yield limitations (CUPS) do not \napply to policies identified as special ca ses. \n \na Special cases are identified in the CIH Section 7F(2), yield \nsubstitutions for these policies are determined by RMA \nRO’s. \n \ni CIH Section 7(2)(b) 1 & 2. \n \naa CIH Section 13 D(7)(a) 2 a, yield substitutions (60% \nof T-Yield) will not be made for low yi elds occurring \ndue to alternate bearing years such as policies \nidentified by CIH Sec. 7(2)(b) 1. \n \nbb CIH Section 13 D(7)(a) 2 b, yield substitutions will \nnot be made for low yields occurring due to yields \ndeclining, such as policies identified in Section 7 \nF(2)(b) 2. \n \nii CIH Section 7(2)(c), productivity is reduced due to \ndisease, damage has occurred or cultural practices \nhave been performed that will reduce the insured crop \nfrom previous production levels or answered yes to \nQuestion #22 on the Producer’s Pr e-Acceptance \nWorksheet. Acreage that is in poor condition, being \nrenovated, grafted, or reduced tonnage contracts, etc., \nsuch as policies identified in Section 7 F(2)(c). \n \niii CIH Section 7(2)(e), irrigation water supply is not \nadequate such as policies identified under Section 7 F \n(2)(e). \n \niiii CIH Section 7(2)(f), unusual cases submitted to the \nRMA RO, policies identified under Section 7 F(2)(f) \n(e.g. contracts with young acreage, prior to 2001, \nwhere 60% T -Yield substitutions may be greater than \nthe ac reage is capable of producing). \n \nb Requests for greater yields than the average yield are for \npolicies not identified as special cases. \n \ni Policies identified as special cases, requesting the \nRMA RO to establish higher yields after approved \nyields are iss ued, must be submitted under \nreconsideration criteria (within 30 days of issuance of \nthe approved yield). \n \n2 RO Guidelines Examples: \n \na If the RMA RO identifies in their guidelines that the Yield \nVariance Table in Section 7 F(2)(b) 1 of the CIH will be \nused to determine alternate bearing for a crop such as \napples. The RMA RO may have a tolerance test for \npolicies that are selected by this table, prior to doing any \nyield substitutions. They may issue guidelines such as the \nmost recent crop year’s yield is equal to or greater than \n125 percent of the APH average yield and the prior year’s AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 11 \n \naverage yield is 75 percent or less than the APH average \nyield. For these policies adjustments will by made using \nthe average of the years in the database could be \nmultiplied by 0.5 and the average of the two lowest yields \nmultiplied by 0.5 and sum the results to obtain the RO \nDetermined Yield. Units selected that are identified as \nalternate bearing would not qualify for the 60% yield \nsubstitution or CUPS based upon th e CIH procedures. \n \nHowever, contracts selected by this criteria, that the RMA \nRO identifies as not having alternate bearing, may have \nlow yields that qualify for the 60% T -Yield substitutions. \n \nb Using the yield variance in Section 7 F(2)(b) 2, policies \nselected by this criteria are also determined prior to doing \nany yield substitution. The RMA RO guidelines may \nindicate that adjustments for policies selected where the \nmost recent three years average is 25 percent less than \nthe APH average yield (prior to any yield substitution) \nshould by limited to 80% of the prior three year average. \n \nAs per CIH procedure the 60% T -Yield substitutions are \ndetermined by the Corporation not to be appropriate for \nqualifying years, and CUPS will not apply for these units. \nContracts selected by this criteria, that the RMA RO \nidentifies as not having yield declines may qualify for the \n60% T -Yield substitutions for qualifying low yields. \n \nc If the unit had been selected because productivity had \nbeen reduced, the yield substi tution may be used prior to \nadjustment only for insurable causes such as disease and \nhail. However, if cultural practices were to limit production, \nsuch as a reduced tonnage contract, or grafting, removal of \ntrees/vines/bushes, the approved yield will be limited to the \nterms of the contract, condition of the acreage or policy \nprovisions on insurability. \n \nNOTE: These provisions and any guidelines the RO may issue or follow cannot \nchange or waive procedures in the Crop Insurance Handbook or \nprovisions of an y Policy. \n \n \n4D Tobacco Producers Except Tobacco type 31; 41 & 32 PA; 51 & 61 CT; 51 &61 \nMA; and 32 MD). Refer to the CIH for additional information. \n \nD(1) As provided in the Crop Insurance Handbook , insureds are not \nrequired to report yield history on an APH form. Producers report yield \nhistory to the USDA/Farm Service Agency (FSA) County offices. RMA \nobtains this producer data from FSA, processes the data into county \nproducer classifications, see [Exhibit 5] and publishes t hese classifications \nin County FCI -32 (Producer) Actuarial Classification Listings, hereafter \nreferred as listings. Producer insurance coverage and guarantees are \ndetermined from these listings and associated rules pages. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 12 \n \nD(2) Producer classifications a re updated annually using FSA’s most \nrecent ten (10) year history of county planted acreage and production. \nThis ten year history is referred to by RMA as the base period. Due to the \ntiming of data availability from FSA to RMA’s filing schedule, there is a \none-year lag applicable for the listings. (Example: Crop year 2004 listings \nare based upon 1993 -2002 planting history.) \n \n(2)(a) If the producer has ten years of actual yields , total all production \nand acreage from all farms for each of the ten years in the base \nperiod. Divide production by acreage for each year to \n derive a weighted average by year. Drop the high and low yields \nand divide by eight for the product average. \n \n(2)(b) If the producer has three to nine years of actual yields in the base \nperiod, determine the weighted average yield for each year by \ndividing total production by total acreage from all farms for each of \n the producer’s planted years. Sum the weighted average yields \nand divide by the sum of the county average NASS yields for t he \nsame years to determine an index. A proxy yield for each non - \nplanted year will be determined by multiplying the county average \nNASS yield for that year by the index. The high and low year \nyields will be dropped and the simple average determined for t he \nremaining year(s) yield(s). \n \n(2)(c) If the producer has two years of actual yields in the base period, \ndetermine the weighted average yield for each year by dividing \ntotal production by total acreage from all farms for each of the \nproducer’s planted yea rs. Sum the weighted average yields and \ndivide by the sum of the county average NASS yields for the same \nyears to determine an index. The index will be cupped at .60 and \ncapped at .95. A proxy yield for each non -planted year will be \ndetermined by multip lying the county average NASS yield for that \nyear by the index. Determine the simple average for the ten years. \n \n(2)(d) If the producer has one year of actual yield in the base period, \ndetermine a proxy yield for the missing nine years by multiplying \nthe county average NASS yield for each year by .80. Determine \nthe simple average for the ten years. \n \nD(3) FCI-32 Actuarial Classification Listing Rules Page will provide rules \nthat govern the producer classifications published in the listings. RMA \nRO’s are authorized to define the rules that govern producer \nclassifications in their regions. \n \nD(4) RMA RO’s are authorized to establish classifications by farm serial \nnumber based on the risk associated with the land. The Farm Serial \nNumber (FSN) listing on t he last page(s) of the FCI -32 provides \nclassifications for farms for which limits will be imposed. The primary \nreason for limiting a farm classification would be where the producer has \nsimilar yields on most farms, except one or two. The exceptional farm s \ngenerally have yields that are considerably lower than those of other \nfarms. This situation possibly indicates severe problems with this land; \ntherefore, lower yields. It may be advisable to limit the amount of \ncoverage assigned to this land. FSN clas sifications reflect land risk only. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 13 \n \nD(6) Producer with no history of planted acreage the last (4) four years in \nthe database will be flagged in the database and their names omitted \nfrom the listing. \n \nD(7) Two or more producers on same farm with different data. The RRMMAA \nRROO will separate acres within a FSN only if FFSSAA verifies separate acres \nand production by producer. When this is done, the RRMMAA \n \nRROO will use the tract system to establish multiple records for a single \nFSN. Example . 00001 -1 (tract) \n \n D(8) Unlisted Producers. Any producer not shown on the FCI -32 listing must \nrequest a classification from the RRMMAA RROO, unless otherwise provided for \non the FCI -32 Rules Page. \n \n \n4E Added Land Discretion \n \n Beginning with the 2003 crop year , discretion was granted to the RMA RO’s to \nconsider factors other than the land productivity when reviewing added land \nrequest. Examples of cases or other factors to consider is when yields used to \ndetermine the Simple Average (SA) T -Yield are from small acreages. In such \ncases, the RMA RO’s may authorize use of a variable T -Yield rather than a SA T -\nYield. \n \n Added land requests are submitted to RMA RO’s for cases where added land \nexceeds the acreage thresholds. See the CIH, Exhibit 36, for thresholds. The \nRMA RO’s will review requests to determine if use of SA T -Yields is appropriate. \n \n Following is an outline to determine if authorization of SA T -Yields is appropriate, \nfor requests exceeding thresholds shown in the CIH, that require RMA RO \nreview. The goal of RMA RO reviews is to determine that: \n \nE(1) The added land has similar characteristics as the existing land , \ncurrently in the operation, that would indicate productivity falls within 15% \nof the existing land. \n \n (1)(a) Soil survey yield data and map s showing soil types are used to \ncompare, or climate or elevation data may also be used to \ndetermine similar agronomic conditions. \n \n (2)(b) The actual production history for the crop by P/T/V on the added \nland for the previous crop year(s) from the pr evious \n operator/tenant and submitted by the insured, may be used for \nthis comparison. \n \n E(2) The actual yields reported from the existing land in the operation, \nbeing used to determine the SA T -Yield, are credible and represent \nsufficient acreage to pr ovide a reliable source to base yields for the added \nland. \n \nFor instance, if it appears average yields used to determine the SA T -\nYield contains “yield builders” such as small amounts of acreage \ncompared to the amount of land being added or the data base f or the AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 14 \n \nexisting unit has acreage going from small to large and these yields \nexceed T -Yields, the average yield may be reduced to determine use of \nthe SA T -Yield. \n \n (2)(a) The simple average yield for the basic unit can be recalculated to \ndetermine if the recalculated yield is within 15% of standard \n(unadjusted) SA T -Yield. \n \n1 Compute the weighted average of all qualifying units in the \nbasic unit and T -Yield areas to eliminate any problems with \nsmall acreage and high yields. \n \n 2 Remove the high yield s for small acreage, if there are no other \nsimilar units with acreage for the year. If the added land has \nequal productivity to the existing land, (based upon soil types, \netc.,) but the recalculated yield is less than 85% of the \nstandard SA T -Yield that w ould be applied by added land \nprocedure, the RMA RO would determine that the variable T -\nYield is appropriate for the request. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 15 \n \n \n5 HIGH RISK LAND RATE CLASSIFICATION \n \n \n5A Flood . Each river and its flood plai n represent complex interaction between \nhydrology, topography, crop physiology, weather, soils, and the effects of human \nintervention, see [Exhibit 3]. \n \nFlood is a random predictable peril affecting identifiable locations and \nrepresenting a definable ris k that is in addition to the standard insurance risk for \nthe crop and county. (Recurrent frequency of the event within a locality is \nobservable and measurable.) These unique characteristics dictate a separate \naccounting for the risk within an actuarial s tructure of an insurance product. This \nsegregation of risk is typical for all crop, property, and personal liability products \noffering flood insurance. \n \nA(1) Rating Flood Prone Land . \n \n(1)(a) Rate flood prone land base d on the extent, frequency, and \nseverity of loss . The determined premium rate (additive, \nmultiplicative, or fixed) that corresponds with a classification \nassignment on the FCI -33 will be listed on the FCI -35, Coverage \nand Rates table. Premium rates or ra te area classifications may \nalso be identified on the FCI -33 Legal Descriptor or FCI -33. More \nthan one rated area may be identified on these actuarial \ndocuments if the county has multiple river, streams, or \nwatersheds; if crops are grown between the river and a levee, or \nthe risk of flood varies within the same location (e.g., changes in \nelevation). \n \n(2)(b) Rating for flood requires consideration of the crop, the extent of \npotential flooding, flood severity, and frequency of occurrence . \nDetermine the mini mum flood stage or elevation that will be used \nto determine flood frequency. A premium rate may be calculated \nfor an area using river gage stations along the river or from a \ncomparable watershed. Readings should be obtained for at least \nthe most recent 20-year period that data are available. \n \nA(2) Determining extent, frequency, and severity . \n \n(2)(a) Isolating the extent of flood risk is the process of identifying land \ndirectly and indirectly affected by flooding . A direct impact would \nbe on unprotect ed land adjacent to the river. Resulting damage \nwould be immediate and obvious. An indirect impact may be on \nacreage behind a levee that is vulnerable to seepage, \novertopping, levee breach, high water table, or poor drainage. \nThe extent of potential flo oding is influenced by elevation, flood \nmagnitude, topography, presence and amount of natural \nvegetation during the year, watershed size, flood control \nmeasures, and artificial drainage. Flood zone maps produced by \nother governmental entities, topography maps, soil surveys, direct \nphysical observation, aerial photography, etc., may be used to \ndetermine the extent of flood risk. Use the FCI -33 to show \ndetermined high -risk area boundaries. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 16 \n \n(2)(b) Determining frequency consists of tabulating how often, whe n, \nand the duration of flooding . There are many possible flood \nmagnitudes; hence, many possible elevations affected within a \nflood plain. Duration and timing also have significant influence. \nShort duration flooding late in the growing season may produce \nnegligible damage to a particular crop. The same type of flood \nexperienced during mid -season may cause total loss. The \nopposite results may be produced when a different crop is \nplanted. \n \n1 Determining the frequency and severity of crop loss from a \nhistorical flood depends on gaining an idea of: \n \na When it occurred during the year. \n \nb The depth of the water. \n \nc The size of the area affected. \n \nd How fast the water moved. \n \ne How quickly the water receded. \n \n2 In addition to these historical observations, u nique \ncharacteristics of each crop and the applicable insurance \nprogram must be considered: \n \na When the crop is normally planted. \n \nb How high the crop grows. \n \nc At what point(s) during the growing season is the crop \nmore or less susceptible to flood damage . \n \nd What features of the insurance product mitigate or \nenhance the potential for indemnification. \n \n3 Example considerations: \n \nA major flood in the Midwest in early March has no \neffect on the probability or severity of a corn loss \nbecause the crop is not n ormally planted. \n \nThe effects of a slow moving, shallow flood that \nrecedes reasonably quickly during early September \nwill be negligible effects on corn, but catastrophic to \nsoybeans. \n \nA late April flood that drains away quickly may produce \na corn replant ing payment, but is not likely to result in a \ntotal loss unless soil type drainage limitations or \ncontinued rainfall prevent replanting the crop. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 17 \n \n(2)(c) Determining loss severity involves identifying the percentage of \ncrop loss associated with each histo rical flood when data are \navailable. Flood is usually catastrophic to a growing plant. \nIt does not gradually reduce a plant's ability to produce (such as \ndrought). The plant is most often simply eliminated. However, \nconsideration to overall loss within a n area must be given when \nevaluating each event. For example, an early season flood may \nresult in replanting or delayed planting of the crop. Final yields \nmay be unaffected or reduced. A crop planted later than normal \ndue to flooding is younger and more vulnerable to stress from \ndrier summer conditions than a timely planted crop. The resulting \ncause of loss may be drought although the initial contributing \nfactor was flood. \n \nDevelop a flood severity scale for each crop. Apply the scale \nwhenever the ri ver exceeds flood stage or a point where crop \ndamage may occur. This flood severity scale should \naccount for the time of the flood and the expected yield loss. \nEarly season flooding causes delayed planting or replanting of the \ncrop without severely limi ting crop potential. While floods \noccurring near the final planting dates and later are often \ncatastrophic. An example of a severity table ranking the \nsignificance of each historical event may look like the following: \n \nMar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov \n 0 .10 .50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0 \n \nA(3) Evaluating flood gage p eak flow discharge verses daily flow \ndischarge rates . \n \n(3)(a) When evaluating peak and daily flow discharges , a difference will \nbe seen between the cubic flow amounts re corded in each data \nset. A block of data may look like this: \n \nDate Peak Flow Discharge Daily Flow Discharge \n \n1979.04.12 19700 17300 \n1996.05.08 13000 7280 \n1993.09.23 8820 6340 \n \n(3)(b) The peak flow discharge is the instantaneous discharge for the \nhighest gage height recorded for that day (or period). Gage height \nis measured usually every 15 minutes, although some programs \nhave a variable time recording of gage height. The highest gage \nheight reached is used to compute the peak discharge. \n \n(3)(c) The daily flow discharge is the average sum of the discharges \nobtained from th e daily gage height readings. This is why the \npeak flow is higher than the average flow. \n \n(3)(d) These differences have several ramifications on flood rating. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 18 \n \n1 When performing flood event analysis, recognize that a daily \nflow discharge has affected mor e or less of the flood plain on \nthat day than the daily average or mean alone. \n \n2 A large variation between peak and daily average flow may \nsuggest: \n \na Faster moving water and quicker plant destruction. \n \nb Presence and effect from flood abatement measures. \n \nc Possible water release or diversion from man -made flood \ncontrol structures. \n \nd Flood damage between levees and the river may be more \nimmediate and more severe than on an unprotected river. \n \nA(4) Determining Flood Peril Premium Rates . \n \n(4)(a) Apply th e appropriate weight for each time the river was above \nflood stage . The loss severity weight for any single year cannot \nexceed 1.00 since this denotes a total loss. Total the weights \nassigned and divide by 20 (number of years of flood data). The \nresult is the risk -rate for flood. Refer to Section 5 C for additional \nrate calculation instructions. \n \n(4)(b) This system works well when flood -history data are available . \nWhen data is not available, the RO must utilize other sources of \ninformation such as the NCRS Soil Survey Report Field Reviews \nduring seasons of flooding, the county soil surveys aerial \nphotography, topographic maps, and personal interviews within \nthe county to evaluate the flood risk. \n \n \n5B Rating of Fragile and Highly Erodible Land . \n \n B(1) Land with inherent risk factors such as low water holding capacity, \nexcess water runoff, salinity, alkalinity, etc., will be rated based on known \nrates for comparable land in a similar climate. The rat e that corresponds \nwith a classification assignment on the FCI -33 will be shown on the FCI -\n35 as a fixed, add on, or multiplicative rate. \n \n B(2) Establish a rate based on a county having similar characteristics, or \nin which the soil, climate topography, e tc., of the land in question is \nwithin normal variation for the county . In some cases, rates could be \ndetermined from individual insurance experience versus the county for \nthe same crop years after conversion to the same coverage level and on \na yield (fre e from the effects of revenue products) only basis. \n \n B(3) Methods to establish new rate areas , to aid in reviewing prior high -risk \nrate areas, and determining a rate for a written agreement: \n \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 19 \n \n (3)(a) Determine rate from a known area . Once an are a of similar \ncharacteristics is found, calculate the rate for that area using the \nexpected yield for the new rate area. Divide this rate by the rate \nat that same yield in the county in which the new rate area will be \nestablished. Adjustments in yields an d rates may need to be \nmade based on differences in climate or soils between the area of \nknown rates and the new rate area. (If the result is less than 1.2 \n(20% difference), do not establish the high rate area for that crop \nor consider removing an existin g high rate area. \n \n (3)(b) Determine rate from producer experience . This may be practical \nto do in areas with few producers and verifiable insurance \nparticipation within the proposed high rate area. Determine who is \ninsured in the proposed high rate ar ea. Normalize producer and \ncounty insurance experience for the same years to a common \ncoverage level and on the basis of yield only (free from effects of \nrevenue products). Determine the average APH yield of the pool \n versus the county. Compare the pool rate at the pool yield to the \ncounty rate at the county yield. If the result is less than 20% \nhigher, do not establish the high rate area for that crop or consider \nremoving an existing high rate area. \n \n (3)(c) Determine rate when not practical to do (a) or (b) . If the high rate \narea is determined to be necessary and justifiable, start the area \nwith a 20% rate increase (multiplicative factor of 1.20) and monitor \nexperience over several years to determine needed adjustments . \n \n \n5C Climatic Conditio ns and Microclimates \n \nC(1) The climatic conditions, length of growing season, Growing Degree Days \n(GDD), risk of frost and/or freeze are so common in the area or micro \nclimate that the success in growing the crop (or lack of data) may be \ninfrequent and it cannot be determined that the crop is adapted to the \narea. Frost and freeze probabilities (temperature, frequency, and \nduration) associated with the crop (annual or \nperennial)/type/variety/growth stage, geographic location, and topography \nare important co nsiderations when it comes to determinations of \ninsurance coverage and appropriate rates (premium) that are acceptable \nto the insured and insurer. The below listed items identify possible \nconsiderations when making frost and freeze rating determinations. See \nalso [6 Unclassified/Unrated Land]. \n \nC(2) The county contains numerous microclimates or areas where the growing \nseason is limited or inadequate to produce the crop/type. \n \nC(3) Frost and /or freeze . Crop losses increase dramatically as the \ntemperature falls below the critical temperature sometimes defined as the \ntemperature at which a 10% loss in production is expected. As an \nexample the difference between a light 10 percent killing frost and a \ndisastrous 90% kill may be 3 degrees Fahrenheit. \n \n (1)(a) Two general conditions provide freezing temperatures. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 20 \n \n1 Artic outbreaks associated with migratory cold air masses. \n \n2 Nighttime radiational cooling. \n \n Both situations may result from the same conditions following a cold front \npassage; indeed radiational c ooling may bring further surface cooling to \nan area already affected by the an Artic outbreak. \n \n(2)(b) Sources of information and publications that provide freeze \nprobabilities and damage estimates for given states and specifics \nlocations are available thr ough: \n \n1 Federal and State agencies such as: \n \na NOAA \n \nb National Climate Data Center \n \nc Regional Climate Centers \n \n 2 National Weather Service \n \nNote: Weather station information is available through some of \nthese agencies. \n \na Research publications and staff of the Cooperative State \nResearch, Education, and Extension Service. \n \nb USDA agencies such as NASS, NRCS and the Farm \nService Agency (Both can provide valuable insight as to \nlocal conditions.) \n \nc United States Geological Survey. \n \n \n5D General High Risk Rate Calculations . \n \nC(1) The basic formula for rating a high -risk peril such as flood is : \n \n F x S = Peril Base Premium Rate Add -on \n \nWhere: \n \nF = Frequency of Loss Occurrence Over Time \nS = Severity of Loss \n \nC(2) A rate determination for measurable risk within defined boundaries \nmay involve the use of two modified forms of this basic rate formula \ndepending on what type of rating (Worst Case Rating verses Class \nAverage Rating) best fits the characteristics of th e risk and its location. \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 21 \n \n Worst Case Rating \n \nThe basic formula for worst case rating is: \n \n Σ (E) x Σ ( S t) = Peril Base Premium Rate Add -on \n (Yt) n \n \nOr, \n \nNumber of Events X Σ ?(Observed Severity) = Peril Base Premium Rate \n Total Number of n Add-on \n Observed Years \n \nWhere: \nE = Event \nYt = Total Years Observed \nSt = Observed Severity/Timing of Event \nn = Count of Observed Severities \n \nNote: Each Event = 1.0 \n \nExample: The data show flooding has occurred 6 times over a 20-year \nperiod during the spring crop growing season. The timing of floods \nindicates a severity of .50 for each event. \n \nNumber of Events = 6 \nTotal Number of Observed Years = 20 \nΣ of Observed Severities = (.50+.50+.50+.50+.50+.50) = 3.0 \nCount of Severities ( n) = 6 \n \nBase Premium Rate Add -on = 6.0 X 3.0 = 0.150 or .2 \n 20.0 6.0 \n \nClass Average Rating \n \nThe basi c formula for class average rating is: \n \nΣ (E) x Σ (S e x S t) = Base Premium Rate Add -on \n (Yt) n \n \nOr, \n \nΣ of Events X Σ (Observed Severity) = Base Premium Rate Add -on \nTotal Number n \nOf Observ ed \nYears \n \nWhere: \nE = Event \nYt = Total Years Observed \nSe = % of Defined Location Affected \nSt = Observed Severity/Timing of Event \nn = Count of Observed Severities AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 22 \n \n Note: Each Event = 1.0 \n \nExampl e: The data show flooding during the growing season 10 out of the \n20 total years observed. The following table of event frequencies and \nseverities represents the effect of class average rating on flood rating: \n \nYear E S e S t (S e x S t) \n1998 1 1.0 1.0 0.75 1.00 0.75 \n1996 1.0 0.50 0.30 0.15 \n1994 1.0 0.80 1.00 0.80 \n1993 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 \n1992 1.0 0.20 1.00 0.20 \n1990 1.0 0.60 0.50 0.30 \n1986 1.0 0.90 1.00 0.90 \n1985 1.0 0.50 0.10 0.05 \n1982 1.0 0.30 0.25 0.08 \n1981 1.0 1.00 0.50 0.50 \n \nΣ(E ) = 10.0 Σ(Se x St )= 4.73 \n \nNumber of Events = 10.0 \nΣ(E) = 10 \n \nTotal Number of Observed Years = 20 \nΣ of Observed Severities = 4.73 \n \nCount of Severities ( n) = 10.0 \n \nBase Premium Rate Add -on = 10 X 4.73 = 0.237 or .2 \n 20 10 \n \n Determined Add -ons should be rounded to tenths unless the data used is \naccurate to two decimal places. The natural variation within each flood zone \nmakes calculating the premium rate to hundredths of a point does not improve \nthe accuracy of the rate in most cases. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 23 \n \n \n6 UNCLASSIFIED/UNRATED LAND \n \n \n6A Distribution of production guarantees is acco mplished by classifying the \ncounty coverage acreage and risk into homogeneous groups (areas) according \nto productivity based on soil capabilities, actual yields and other factors or \ncombination of factors available to the Risk Management Specialist that be st \nmeasures actual or relative land productivity. \n \n Rates are set according to risk of loss in identified areas of the county with the \nobjective of collecting sufficient premiums to pay indemnities and accumulate a \nreserve over time. See also [5C High Ris k Land Rate Classification/Climatic \nConditions and Microclimates]. \n \n \n6B Reasons for identifying an area(s) within a county as unclassified/unrated \n \nB(1) Coverage will not be provided for areas not considered suitable for \nproduction of the commodity being insured. \n \n(1)(a) Noncropland (i.e., NRCS Class VIII rating or severe limitations \nmake them unsuitable for production of the insured crops, parks, \nmilitary reservations, etc) where it is felt they need to be i dentified. \n \n (1)(b) Land that is uninsurable or has uninsurable causes of loss based \non the policy (i.e., subject to backup/contained water/flood \neasements, stripmines, reclaimed land, etc.). \n \n (1)(c) Classes of soils identified by NRCS whose severe limi tations \nmake them unsuitable for crop production . \n \nB(2) Soils and/or climate are not considered suitable for production of the \ncommodity being insured due to factors such as productivity, moisture \navailability, growing season restrictions. \n \n(2)(a) The ris k of growing the insured crop in this area is so great and/or \nuncertain that a sound insurance program cannot be operated. \n \n(2)(b) The land and/or risk factors in question have so much variation \nwithin these areas that rating on an area basis is not possib le. \nThe risks are so “variable” that the crop cannot be pre -rated on a \nmap and must be individually rated by Written Agreement, FCI -33 \nLegal Descriptor or FCI -33 Supplement. \n \n(2)(c) Land along major rivers and islands that are farmed only during \nyear’s wh en water levels are low. \n \n(2)(d) Cropland that has risks so “frequent and/or severe” that actuarially \nsound rates cannot be determined . \n \n(2)(e) Areas with no history of producing the crop to show adaptability, \nsuch as perennials in a county with numerous m icroclimates. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 24 \n \n(2)(f) Deep, excessively drained, very rapidly permeable soils . \n \n (2)(g) Other factors such as disease problems. \n \nB(3) Insurance availability would encourage cropping patterns with \nlimited yield potential and/or high risk in certain areas o f a county or \nis inconsistent with recommended conservation methods. \n \n(3)(a) The county contains numerous microclimates or areas where the \ngrowing season is limited or inadequate to produce the crop/type. \n \n1 The climatic conditions , length of growing seas on, Growing \nDegree Days (GDD), risk of frost and/or freeze are so common \nin the area or micro climate that the success in growing the \ncrop (or lack of data) may be so infrequent that it cannot be \n determined that the crop is adapted to the area. \n \n 2 The crop is normally harvested before maturity for hay or \nsilage in this area within a county. \n \na Corn is traditionally harvested for silage and grain is limited \nto years with extended growing season (more Growing \nDegree Days) or higher precipitation. \n \nb Oats are traditionally harvested as hay due to limited \ngrowing season (lack of GDD’s) or where conditions during \nthe growing season are generally hot and dry. \n \n(3)(c) The crop type or practice would not allow sufficient time for \nrequired conservation practi ces. \n \nThe crop would be harvested so late in the growing season in \nthese areas that a cover crop, required for conservation practices \ndue to soil types in this area, could not be timely established, \n(sandhills area of a county marginally adapted to the cro p, i.e., \nsoybeans). \n \n(3)(d) The crop/practices are grown/carried out on a very limited basis \nand only these areas have been identified as insurable. \n \n \n6C Information needed to rate Unclassified/Unrated land \n \n C(1) Requests with acceptable production history , preferably a minimum of \nfour years, of the crop/type/practice. \n \n C(2) Accumulated data from written agreement experience to indicate \napplicability. \n \n C(3) New varieties -disease resistance, e arly maturation , etc. \n \nC(4) Recommendations from University Extension, NRCS, and FSA based \nupon NAP experienc e. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 25 \n \nC(5) Specific information on any land improvements , (i.e., elevation of levee \nabove sea level, means to remove water from inside levees, pumpi ng \ncapacities, etc.,). \n \nC(6) Aerial photograph with field boundaries clearly identified. \n \nC(7) Soil information from sources such as the Natural Resource and \nConservation Service. \n \nC(8) Plant growth models identifying water use requirements and efficiency. \n \n \n 6D Methods of Insurance for Unclassified/Unrated land \n \nD(1) If the applicable information requirements of C above are met. \n \n If the information reviewed can be used by the RMA RO to develop an \nactuarial sound premium rate and coverage under existing terms of the \npolicy, the RO can offer insurance on Unclassified/Unrated land by the \nfollowing methods: \n \n(1)(a) Written agreement . \n \n(1)(b) Modification of FCI -32, FCI -33 Map, FCI -33 Legal Descript or, or \nFCI-33 Supplement . AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 26 \n \nReserved AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 27 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nCLASSIFICATION \n STANDARDS \n HANDBOOK \n \n EXHIBITS \n \n \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 28 \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 29 \n \n EXHIBIT 1 \n \nADJUSTING TRANSITIONAL YIELDS FOR HIGH -RISK LAND \n \n Acres Yield Extension \n \nStandard \nRisk \n30,000 \n50,000 \n20,000 \n20,000 \n140 \n125 \n115 \n100 \n4,200,000 \n6,250,000 \n2,300,000 \n2,000,000 \n \nHigh Risk \n10,000 \n5,000 \n40 \n30 \n400,000 \n150,000 \n \n \nTotal Extension Total Acres Repres entative \nStd. & High Risk Std. & High Risk of County \n15,300,000 ÷ 135,000 = 113.3 \n \n \nTotal Extension Total Acres High Risk \nHigh Risk High Risk \n550,000 ÷ 15,000 = 36.7 \n \n \nHigh Risk Representative Yield Factor \nof County \n36.7 (HRY) ÷ 113.3 (CAY) = .32 (F) \n \n \nCounty \n(F) Average \nYield “T” Adjusted T -Yield \nFactor X Yield = for the High -Risk Area \n \n.32 X 95 = 30 \n \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 30 \n \nReserved AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 31 \n \nEXHIBIT 2 \n \n \n UNDERWRITING GUIDE FORMAT \n \n \nSUBJECT: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nBACKGROUND: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nDETERMINATION: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nIMPLEMENTATION: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 32 \n \nReserved AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 33 \n \nEXHIBIT 3 \n \n \nFlood Plain Characteristics And Rating Implications \n \nType 1 \n \nCharact eristics: \nThe profile is typical of smaller streams at the beginning of watersheds. It may also \ndescribe larger rivers in mountainous areas depending on the type of existing parent \nmaterial. Flood plain development and agricultural use are minimal. Slop es, lack of \ntillable land, low productivity are limitations. \n \nRating Implications included with surrounding insurable land: \nThere are minimal rating implications due to the absence of insurable land. These \nprofiles are usually assigned standard cla ss rates. Or, they may be included with \nexceptional rate classifications assigned to larger associated flood plains. \n \n \n \n \nType 2 \n \nCharacteristics: \nType 1 profiles generally evolve into Type 2 profiles. Slope of the flood plain is steep (B \nand C slopes). A more or less constant slope exists between flood plain boundaries and \nthe river. Acreage becomes tillable depending on the suitability of soil types although \nmuch remains in woodland or pasture. There are relatively f ew fields with uniform land \nelevations. Floodwater drainage is usually rapid. However, water speed will produce \nimmediate damage by scouring or laying the crop down. \n \nRating Implications: \nThe uniformity of profile slop e toward the river suggests class average rating is \nappropriate. \n Type 1 Type 1 T \n \nType 2 \nType 2 \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 34 \n \nType 3 \n \nCharacteristics: \nThe flood plain has fully developed and is generally surrounded by rolling land. Soil \ntypes are often derived from a mixture of alluvial and colluvial deposits. Very little or no \nslope exists next to the river. There is very little or no observable development of \nprimary and secondary flood plains. Slope increases dramatically at the flood plain \nboundary. This marked elevation increase is commonly referred to as a bluff line. \nFloodwater speed is slower. However, drainage away from the flood plain is also \nslower. Crop damage from extended submersion instead of water speed is typical. \nDamage from high water tables and poor internal soil drainage become more common. \n \nRating Implications: \nWorst case rating is commonly used. Class average rating might be used depending on \nthe degree of slope (more) and severity of historical discharge volume (less) in the \nprimary flood zone. \n \n \n \nType 4 \n \nCharacteristics: \nThis profile exists in two forms. It may be part of a Type 3 profile in larger flood plains \nalong major rivers or it may be common in regions with predominately flat terrain such as \nthe Midwest. There is very little vari ation in slope. No distinction of variable flood risk \nwithin the profile can reasonably be made. On a flat terrain, that would normally be a \nsmall creek or river may produce floods of impressive proportions even after moderate \nrainfall because extent is not confined by land elevation. Smaller Type 4 profiles are \noften more frequently flooded than similar profiles along major rivers due to the greater \ninfluence of local weather. Flood timing and its variable relationship to crop damage \nbecome important r ating considerations. The effects of Type 4 profile flooding a crop \nalong major rivers is almost always catastrophic regardless of timing during the growing \nseason. \n \nRating Implications: \n \nWorst case rating is used. \n \n \n Type 3 Type 3 \n \nType 4 \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 35 \n \nType 5 \n \nCharacteristics: \nA Type 5 profile is a Type 4 profile with some minimal flood abatement measures. \nThese measures may include piled dirt field boundaries, non -Corps specification levees, \nand passive drainage ditches. Flood abatement measures may have anywhere from no \neffect o n flood frequency to legitimate flood prevention depending on many other land \ncharacteristics. Abatement measures may also work to increase potential crop damage \nfrom excessive moisture and poor drainage. Drainage of water runoff from adjacent \nuplands or direct flooding may become increasingly difficult. \n \nRating Implications: \n Rating may become dependent on the quality of flood abatement measures. The entire \nflood plain may be worst case rated, only that acreage between flood abatement \nmeasures an d the river may be worst case rated. Or, a combination of worst case and \nclass average rating may be appropriate. \n \n \n \nType 6 \n \nCharacteristics: \n \nThis profile may be found along older river channels that have changed cours e over \ntime. Land elevation for some portions of the flood plain is at or even below \nthe current river channel. When flooding occurs, lower elevations away from the \nriver are inundated and unable to drain back into the river as water recedes. \n \nFlood d amage away from the river may actually be more severe than on land adjacent to \nthe river. Direct overflow and normal runoff from surrounding land may create severe \ndrainage limitations. \n \nRating Implications: \nWorst case rating is applicable. There may be unusual situations where worst case \nrating applies to depressional areas while class average or standard rating is reasonable \nfor land closer to the river. Type 5 \nType 6 \n \nType 6 Type 6 \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 36 \n \nType 7 \n \nCharacteristics: \nThis irregular profile is usually produced by variation of parent material within the flood \nplain. Parent materials subject to differing rates of erosion and older colluvial or glacial \ndeposits contribute to the ‘washboard’ appearance of this profile. Potential flood \ndamage on associate d farmland is highly variable. There may be knolls in the flood \nplain that do not flood aside depressional areas similar to a Type 6 profile. \n \nRating Implications: \nAppropriate rating methods are dependent on the distribution and size of farmed fields \nwithin the flood plain. If only those areas not subject to flood are farmed, standard rating \nmay be used. If fields are large with continuous mono -cropping across the flood plain, \nclass average rating may be used. If only small fields in lower areas are fa rmed, worst \ncase rating is used. \n \n \n \n \n \nType 8 \n \nCharacteristics: \n A Type 8 profile is similar to a Type 4 profile. The difference is a Type 4 profile is \nbeginning to show development of primary and secondary flood pla ins. It is often not \npossible to physically distinguish between them for rating purposes. \n \nRating Implications: \n \nAverage class or worst case may be appropriate depending on the distribution and slope \nof land in each flood plain. \n \n \n \n Type 7 \nType 6 \n \nType 8 T \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 37 \n \nType 9 \n \nCharacteristics: \nType 9 profiles have extensive primary and secondary flood plain development. \nIt is possible to separate land for rating purposes. \n \n \n \nRating Implications: \nGenerally, average class rating is applied to secondary f lood plains due to lower risk and \nincreasing slope. Worst case is appropriate for primary flood plains depending on the \nextent and quality of flood control structures. \n \n \n \n \n \nType 10 \n \nCharacteristics: \nA Type 10 profile may have characteristics similar to any other type of flood plain. The \ndifference is presence of a substantial flood control structure on one side of the flood \nplain. In this case, the levee may be a Corps Specification levee that is privately owned. \nExistence of the structure may decrease risk behind the levee; however, severity of \nflooding on the river side of the structure is general increased. This is because \nconstriction of the flood plain forces water to move faster and spread out further on the \nopposite side of the river. \n \n \nRating Implications: \nLand behind the levee may be assigned standard or average class ratings depending on \nthe quality of the levee, seep potential, susceptibility of soil types to excessive moisture \ndamage, and drainage limitations. Worst case rating is generally applicable to land \nbetween the river and the levee and land on the opposite side of the river. \n \n Type 9 T \n \nType 10 \nT \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 38 \n \nType 11 \n \nCharacteristics: \nThis profile is characteristic of the largest rive rs. Corps Specification or better \nlevees on each side of the river define the flood plain. Construction of the levees \nis substantial and failure is not expected even under severe conditions. \nBreaching does occur although not generally more often than ev ery twenty -five to \nfifty years. \n \n \nRating Implications: \nLand behind the levee may be assigned standard or average class ratings \ndepending on the quality of the levee, seep potential, susceptibility of soil types \nto excessive moisture damage, and drainage l imitations. Worst case rating is \napplicable to land between the river and the levees. \n \nType 11 T \n AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 39 \n \nEXHIBIT 4 \n \n \nReference To Actuarial Structures \n \nAlmost all a ctuarial structures in use to classify risk and assign premium rates have their basis \nin the assumption that productivity and risk are related. As productivity increases, risk and its \nassociated premium rate decrease. General types of structures include: \n \nSingle risk classification : This actuarial structure is generally established in counties with \nlimited crop acreage and potential risk variation among insureds. A single class rate applies to \nall insured acreage. An example might be an apple program i n a predominately flat county with \n100 potential acres. A low number of insureds and a lack of evident risk variation suggest a \ncounty -wide rate is the most appropriate structure. \n \nMultiple risk classifications : Continuous rating methods, and producer li sting yield \nclassifications, farm yield groupings, soil productivity groupings, and practice -type-variety \ngroupings. The basic underwriting concept of multi -class rating is to account for variable risk \nexposure. Use of multi -class structures makes it is possible to attract a better risk with lower \npremiums while continuing to adequately rate for the higher risk. If this approach is successful, \nrates may be reduced thereby attracting more business. In a county with many acres of a crop, \nthe relationship between risk and productivity generally holds true although other program \nfeatures or the presence of exceptional risk may work to degrade the actual relationship. In a \ncounty with limited crop acreage, this relationship may not exist. Over - or under -rating of all \nmultiple risk classifications is possible if they are not systematically reviewed. \n \nExceptional or High Risk Classification : The actuarial structure for exceptional risk is simply \nan extension of single or multi -class rating. Almost all perils and associated losses have a \nrandom occurrence in a county. For example, hail may damage crop production on 100 acres \nin part of a county; however, future recurrence on the same location is unknown and \nunpredictable. This type of random loss, which may h appen at any location, is the basis of a \ncounty average rate shared by all insurance participants. The exceptional risk does not exhibit \nrandom loss behavior. Exceptional risk is the expectation of repetitious loss from one or more \nperils in a definabl e location. The best example of exceptional risk for crop and other lines of \nproperty insurance is flood. Flood occurs within the physical bounds of a flood plain. It is a \nmeasurable peril with historical frequency that is expected to continue into the future. Other \nperils also exhibit this tendency toward repetitious loss due to the natural limitations of certain \nsoils. These characteristics such as aluminum toxicity, poor drainage, sand content, land \ndegradation, or high water table often mimic or e xacerbate the effects of a weather related peril. \n \nPrice coverage plans (RA, CRC, IP, etc.) and Group Risk Plan coverage also have a revenue \nfactor that must be considered along with yield components in determining risk. AUGUST 2003 FCIC 24010 \n 40 \n \n \n EXHIBIT (5) \n \n \nSPANS USED FOR TOBACCO \n \n \n \n \n \n TOBACCO TYPE 21 TYPE 37 \n \n 1 1 - 900 1 1 - 100 1 1 - 100 \n 2 901 - 1000 2 101 - 150 2 101 - 150 \n 3 1001 - 1100 3 151 - 200 3 151 - 200 \n 4 1101 - 1200 4 201 - 250 4 201 - 250 \n 5 1201 - 1300 5 251 - 300 5 251 - 300 \n 6 1301 - 1400 6 301 - 350 6 30 1 - 350 \n 7 1401 - 1500 7 351 - 400 7 351 - 400 \n 8 1501 - 1600 8 401 - 450 8 401 - 450 \n 9 1601 - 1700 9 451 - 500 9 451 - 500 \n 10 1701 - 1800 10 501 - 600 10 501 - 600 \n 11 1801 - 1900 11 601 - 700 11 601 - 700 \n 12 1901 - 2000 12 701 - 800 12 701 - 800 \n 13 2001 - 2100 13 801 - 900 13 801 - 900 \n 14 2101 - 2200 14 901 - 1000 14 901 - 1000 \n 15 2201 - 2300 15 1001 - 1100 15 1001 - 1100 \n 16 2301 - 2400 16 1101 - 1200 16 1101 - 1200 \n 17 2401 - 2500 17 1201 - 1300 17 1201 - 1300 \n 18 2501 - 2600 18 1301 - 1400 18 1301 - 1400 \n 19 2601 - 2700 19 1401 - 1500 19 1401 - 1500 \n 20 2701 - 2800 20 1501 - 1600 20 1501 - 1600 \n 21 2801 - 2900 21 1601 - 1700 21 1601 - 1700 \n 22 2901 - 3000 22 1701 - 1800 22 1701 - 1800 \n 23 3001 - 3100 23 1801 - 1900 23 1801 - 1900 \n 24 3101 - 3200 24 1901 - 2000 24 1901 - 2000 \n 25 3201 + 25 2001 + 25 2001 - 2100 \n 26 2101 - 2200 \n 27 2201 - 2300 \n 28 2301 - 2400 \n 29 2401 - 2500 \n 30 2501 + \n \n "
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"text": "page 1 of 7 Fri Feb 18 20:06:38 EST 2011 181101040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nOakfield-Alabama Central School District for 2006-07\n Strategic Evaluation, Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nSpecial Education School District Data Profile for 2006-07\nThe Special Education School District Data Profile is prepared in accordance with the requirement of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Each State must have \na State Performance Plan (SPP) to evaluate the State's efforts to meet the requirements and purposes of the implementation of IDEA. The SPP is a six-year plan which describes \nNew York State's performance on 20 indicators. States must report annually to the public on the performance of the State in an Annual Performance Report (APR) and each \nschool district against the State's targets. New York State's SPP and the APR that describe these indicators in detail are available at \nhttp://www.vesid.nysed.gov/specialed/spp/home.html.\nThe following report reflects only quantifiable data collected by the State. Since performance of a school district in any indicator may be the result of unique circumstances within \na district, readers are encouraged to consider information provided by the district's administration in interpreting these data.\nEnrollment and Classification Rate\n 2006-07\nEnrollment of school-age students with disabilities on December 1 119\nDistrict enrollment (public and nonpublic school-age students - with and without disabilities) on the first Wednesday \nin October1,100\nSpecial education classification rate 10.8%\nEnrollment of preschool students with disabilities on December 1 7\nIndicator 1: Graduation Rate of Students with Disabilities\n 2006-07\n(2003 Total Cohort four years later as \nof June 30, 2007)2006-07\n(2002 Total Cohort five years later as \nof June 30, 2007)\nNumber of students with disabilities who first entered 9th grade anywhere (or \nif ungraded, became 17 years old) in 2003-049 \nNumber of students with disabilities who first entered 9th grade anywhere (or \nif ungraded, became 17 years old) in 2002-03 9\nGraduation rate 0% 33.3%\nState target for 2006-07 37% or higher No State Target\nMeets State target? Not Applicable* Not Applicable\n* Districts are only held accountable for the performance of students when there are at least 30 students in the total cohort. page 2 of 7 Fri Feb 18 20:06:38 EST 2011 181101040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nOakfield-Alabama Central School District for 2006-07\n Strategic Evaluation, Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 2: Drop-Out Rate of Students with Disabilities\n 2006-07\n(2003 Total Cohort as of June 30, 2007)\nNumber of students with disabilities who first entered 9th grade anywhere (or if ungraded, became 17 years old) in \n2003-04 school year9\nDrop-out rate after four years 33.3%\nState target for 2006-07 19% or lower\nMeets State target? Not Applicable*\n* Districts are only held accountable for the performance of students when there are at least 30 students in the total cohort.\nIndicator 3: State Assessments\nParticipation in State Assessments2006-07\nGrades\n3-8\nEnglish Language \nArts (ELA)Grades\n3-8\nMathHigh School\nEnglish Language \nArts (ELA)High School\nMath\nEnrollment of students with disabilities for participation rate 69 67 Less Than 40* Less Than 40*\nParticipation rate 100% 97% * *\nState target for 2006-07 95% 95% 95% 95%\nMeets State target? Yes Yes * *\n* Participation rate is provided only if at least 40 students with disabilities are reported in the first row.\nPerformance on State Assessments and Adequate Yearly Progress \n(AYP)2006-07\nGrades\n3-8\nEnglish Language \nArts (ELA)Grades\n3-8\nMathHigh School\nEnglish Language \nArts (ELA)High School\nMath\nEnrollment of students with disabilities for performance \naccountability65 62 Less Than 30** Less Than 30**\nScore on performance index 86 113 ** **\nState target for 2006-07 96 105 119 125\nMeets State target? No Yes ** **\nMade AYP? No Yes ** **\n** A performance index score is provided only if at least 30 students with disabilities are reported in the first row. page 3 of 7 Fri Feb 18 20:06:38 EST 2011 181101040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nOakfield-Alabama Central School District for 2006-07\n Strategic Evaluation, Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 4: Suspensions/Expulsions\nLong-term Suspension Rate 2006-07\nNumber of students with disabilities suspended out-of-school for more than 10 days 0\nNumber of students with disabilities enrolled on December 1 119\nPercent of students with disabilities suspended out-of-school for more than 10 days 0%\nState target for 2006-07 4.0% or lower\nMeets State target? Yes\nIndicator 5: School-age Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)\n 2006-2007\nNumber of students with disabilities ages 6-21 on December 1 117\n Percent of students with disabilities in general education \nprogram for: In\nseparate\nschools /\n facilities80% or\nmore of\nthe day40 to 79%\nof the dayLess than\n40% of\nthe day\nPercent of students ages 6-21 in each setting 23.9% 59% 13.7% 3.4%\nState target for 2006-07 More than 55% No State Target Less than 26% Less than 6.5%\nMeets State target? No Not Applicable Yes Yes\nIndicator 6: Preschool Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)\nThe data for this indicator are not presented because the LRE reporting categories for preschool children with disabilities are under review by the United States Department of \nEducation. page 4 of 7 Fri Feb 18 20:06:38 EST 2011 181101040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nOakfield-Alabama Central School District for 2006-07\n Strategic Evaluation, Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 7: Preschool Outcomes\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.vesid.nysed.gov/sedcar/sppschedule.html for the school year in which this school district will \nreport data for this indicator.\n 2006-07\nPositive\nSocial - Emotional \nSkillsAcquisition and \nUse of Knowledge \n& SkillsUse of\nAppropriate Behaviors\nto Meet\ntheir Needs\nNumber of preschool students with disabilities evaluated for progress between entry into \npreschool special education and exit from preschool special education\nPercent of preschool students with disabilities who demonstrate improvement\nState target for 2006-07 To Be Established To Be Established To Be Established\nMeets State target?\nIndicator 8: Parental Involvement\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.vesid.nysed.gov/sedcar/sppschedule.html for the school year in which this school district will \nreport data for this indicator.\n 2006-07\nNumber of completed parent surveys returned\nPercent of parents who reported that schools facilitated parent involvement to improve services and results for \nstudents with disabilities\nState target for 2006-07 87% or higher\nMeets State target?\nIndicator 9: Disproportionality - Identification for Special Education\n 2006-07\nDid the school district have disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in special education and \nrelated services that was the result of inappropriate policies, practices and procedures?No\nState target for 2006-07No school districts will have disproportionality \nthat is the result of inappropriate policies, \npractices and procedures.\nMeets State target? Yes\nDate the district reported correction of noncompliance for this indicator if it did not meet the State target Not Applicable page 5 of 7 Fri Feb 18 20:06:38 EST 2011 181101040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nOakfield-Alabama Central School District for 2006-07\n Strategic Evaluation, Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 10A: Disproportionality in Specific Disability Categories\n 2006-07\nDid the school district have disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in specific disability categories \nthat was the result of inappropriate policies, practices and procedures?No\nState target for 2006-07No school districts will have disproportionality \nthat is the result of inappropriate policies, \npractices and procedures.\nMeets State target? Yes\nDate the district reported correction of noncompliance for this indicator if it did not meet the State target Not Applicable\nIndicator 10B: Disproportionality in Special Education Placements\n 2006-07\nDid the school district have disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in particular settings that was \nthe result of inappropriate policies, practices and procedures?No\nState target for 2006-07No school districts will have disproportionality \nthat is the result of inappropriate policies, \npractices and procedures.\nMeets State target? Yes\nDate the district reported correction of noncompliance for this indicator if it did not meet the State target Not Applicable\nIndicator 11: Timely Evaluations (Child Find)\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.vesid.nysed.gov/sedcar/sppschedule.html for the school year in which this school district will \nreport data for this indicator.\n 2006-07\nPreschool School-age\nNumber of students for whom parental consent to evaluate was received (July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007)\nNumber of students whose evaluations were completed within the State established timeline\nNumber of children whose evaluations were not completed within State established time lines, but for reasons that \nare considered to be in compliance with State requirements\nCompliance Rate [Line 2 divided by (Line 1 minus Line 3)*100]\nState target for 2006-07 100% 100%\nMeets State target? page 6 of 7 Fri Feb 18 20:06:38 EST 2011 181101040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nOakfield-Alabama Central School District for 2006-07\n Strategic Evaluation, Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 12: Early Childhood Transition\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.vesid.nysed.gov/sedcar/sppschedule.html for the school year in which this school district will \nreport data for this indicator.\n 2006-07\nNumber of children who were served in Part C and referred to Part B for eligibility determination\nNumber of those referred determined to be NOT eligible and whose eligibilities were determined prior to their third \nbirthday\nNumber of those found eligible who had an IEP developed and implemented by their third birthday\nNumber of children for whom delays in determination of eligibility or delays in implementing the IEP were caused by \nreasons that are in \"in compliance\" with State requirements\nCompliance Rate [Line 3 divided by (Line 1 minus Line 2 minus Line 4) *100]\nState target for 2006-07 100%\nMeets State target?\n>Indicator 13: Secondary Transition\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.vesid.nysed.gov/sedcar/sppschedule.html for the school year in which this school district will \nreport data for this indicator.\n 2006-07\nNumber of IEPs reviewed for students ages 15 and above 27\nPercent of IEPs of students ages 15 and above that include coordinated, measurable, annual IEP goals and transition \nservices that will reasonably enable the student to meet the post-secondary goals0%\nState target for 2006-07 100%\nMeets State target? No\nDate the district reported correction of noncompliance for this indicator 02/19/2009 page 7 of 7 Fri Feb 18 20:06:38 EST 2011 181101040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nOakfield-Alabama Central School District for 2006-07\n Strategic Evaluation, Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 14: Post-School Outcomes\nData for this indicator will be posted beginning June 2008, in accordance with the schedule posted at http://www.vesid.nysed.gov/sedcar/sppschedule.html.\n 2006-07\nNumber of students interviewed to assess post-school outcomes one year after leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and who have been enrolled in some type of \npost-secondary school AND have been competitively employed within one year of leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and who have been enrolled in some type of \npost-secondary school within one year of leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and have been competitively employed within \none year of leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and who have been enrolled in some type of \npost-secondary school, have been competitively employed, or both, within one year of leaving high school (sum of \nthe three percentages above)\nState target for 2006-07 Baseline Data : 92%\nMeets State target?"
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"pdf_file": "LYCCADK4R374ZC4R4ROO5VZSQLHW4RPQ.pdf",
"text": "APPROVED \nPublic Markets Committee 1 February 3, 2009 \n \nWASHINGTON STATE INVESTMENT BOARD \nPublic Markets Committee Meeting Minutes \nFebruary 3, 2009 \n \nThe Public Markets Committee met in open public session at 1:00 p.m. at the Washington State \nInvestment Board (WSIB) office at 2100 Ever green Park Drive Southwest, Olympia, \nWashington. Members Present: Mike Ragan, Chair George Masten David Nierenberg (via teleconference) Mason Petit Judy Schurke Members Absent: Charlie Kaminski John Magnuson Robert Nakahara Representative Sharon Tomiko Santos Others Present: Joe Dear, Executive Director \nGary Bruebaker, Chief Investment Officer \n Philip Paroian, Senior Investment Officer – Public Equity \nDavid Thatcher, Investment Officer – Public Equity \nJohn Lynch, Contracts Manager \nKristi Bromley, Administrative Assistant – Investments \nSteve Dietrich, Assistant Attorney General Paul Brakke, State Street Global Advisors Lynn Blake, State Street Global Advisors Tom Motley, State Street Global Advisors Neil Tremblay, State Street Global Advisors \n[Names of other individuals atte nding the meeting are not included in the minutes but are listed \nin the permanent record.] The meeting convened at 1:00 p.m. with Ch air Ragan identifying members present. \n APPROVED \nPublic Markets Committee 2 February 3, 2009 REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF MI NUTES – DECEMBER 2, 2008 \n Mr. Masten moved to adopt the December 2, 2008, Public Markets \nCommittee minutes. Mr. Petit seconded, and the motion carried unanimously. \n INDEX-RELATED PRODUCTS MANAGER PRESENTATION\n \nMr. Thatcher introduced himself and reviewed the process and results of the index-related \nproducts search. The current non-U.S. index contra ct with State Street Global Advisors (SSgA) \nexpires March 31, 2009. Many of the WSIB progr ams use passive indexi ng, including defined \nbenefit and defined contribution programs as well as qualified and nonqualified portfolios. \nIndexing is used to gain broad based equity exposure at the lowest possible cost. Callan \nAssociates assisted WSIB staff with this sear ch. The search process was similar to the one \nconducted for U.S. indexes in 2007 to provide the WSIB with access to all index-related \nproducts offered by the firm. The primary focus will be non-U.S. equity products. Because of its size, the WSIB requires significant capac ity from any index-related manager. \n Only two investment firms met the minimum re quirements of the search: SSgA and Barclays \nGlobal Investors (BGI). Both firms exhibited strengths and a dvantages and scored well during \nthe evaluation; neither had major weaknesses. While both firms are very competent managers \nof index products, three main factors contribut ed to the staff’s recommendation of SSgA over \nBGI: (1) Incumbency—as the incumbent, SSgA has served the WSIB in this role for the past \n13 years. Securities lending is imbedded into the index process and, b ecause of the liquidity \nand volatility challenges in the current market, changing from one index provider and securities \nlending pool to another may cause si gnificant turmoil and cost to the defined benefit portfolio as \nwell as Plan 3 and DCP participants. (2) Dive rsification—the WSIB be nefits from having two \nseparate and different index providers. This al so limits some operational and investment risks \nby not concentrating all passive mandates with one firm. (3) Performance—SSgA’s \nperformance record has been good and they have added between 20 and 40 basis points \nannualized over various time periods. There is no compelling reason to transition from SSgA \nand staff’s recommendation is to award the new contract to them as the incumbent non-U.S. \nindex manager. Mr. Thatcher addressed the recent media attent ion that SSgA’s parent company, State Street \nCorporation (SSC), has receive d regarding their recent fourth quarter 2008 announcement of a \n71 percent drop in profits and disc ussed steps that have been take n to assure that the WSIB’s \nholdings with SSgA are not affected by any pot ential credit rating downg rade of the parent \ncompany. Mr. Thatcher also reviewed the differe nces between investing in a commingled fund \nversus separate account. Investi ng in commingled funds for non-U.S. equity is preferred as they \noffer an easy platform for large-scale investme nts into many international markets, low cost \naccess and economies of scale, low cost trading opportunities, and lower management fees and \nadministration costs. He also discussed the additional characteristic s of commingled funds \nwherein the manager votes the pr oxies and exercises any class ac tion litigation rights as well as \nthe role of securities lending in the investment management of index funds. \n APPROVED \nPublic Markets Committee 3 February 3, 2009 Discussion ensued regarding benchmarks, secur ities lending, and proxy voting. The Committee \nalso discussed further due diligence to ensure that losses at a compa ny’s parent organization \nwould not prevent WSIB from having access to ou r funds and or impair the safety of the \nWSIB’s assets under all foreseeable circumstances. Mr. Brakke, Ms. Blake, Mr. Trem blay, and Mr. Motley introduced themselves. Mr. Tremblay \nprovided an organizational overview and discusse d recent market challenges and the effect on \nSSC. SSgA is one of the three core businesses of SSC. Mr. Tremblay reviewed assets under \nmanagement and steps SSC and SSgA have taken in response to the current market environment. There has been no personnel turnov er associated with any of the accounts SSgA \nmanages on the WSIB’s behalf and the parent co mpany continues to reinvest resources in SSgA \nin order to better se rve client needs. \n Mr. Brakke reviewed the global structured products group and stra tegies. Indexing is a core \nbusiness for SSgA and a significant part of th eir total revenue. He reviewed the team, \norganizational structure, strategies, a nd assets under management by strategy. \nMs. Blake reviewed SSgA’s non-U.S. index experi ence including separate country funds, diverse \nclient base, results, and assets under manageme nt. She provided an overview of various SSgA \nnon-U.S. index strategies including index st ructure and methodology as well as portfolio \nconstruction and performance. Mr. Motley discussed securities lending and provided an overview of SSgA’s cash management \nby security type and asset backed securities a llocation. He reviewed SSgA’s cash collateral \ninvestment management objectives, process, an d philosophy and discussed current challenges \nand opportunities. Mr. Motley re viewed the summary characteristics of SSgA’s securities \nlending funds. \n \nDiscussion ensued regarding the uncertainty of r ecent market events, deterioration of the global \neconomy, U.S. unemployment expectations and tie in with asset backed securities, depth of \nrecession, and unintended consequences from government intervention. \n \nMr. Masten moved that the P ublic Markets Committee recommend \nthe Board approve the selection of St ate Street Global Advisors as an \nindex-related products investment manager for the WSIB, with a focus on non-U.S. index-related pro ducts, subject to final negotiations \nof terms, conditions, and fees. Mr. Petit seconded the motion. \n \nThe Committee and staff discusse d appropriate safeguards surroundi ng protection of fund assets. \nIt was agreed that as part of the “final negot iations of terms,” WSIB staff from investments and \ncontracts would work with legal counsel from th e Attorney General’s office and outside counsel \nif necessary to ensure that the contract contains appropriate word ing to protect the fund’s assets. \n \nThe motion carried unanimously. \n \n[The Committee recessed at 2:22 p.m. and reconvened at 2:32 p.m.] \n APPROVED \nPublic Markets Committee 4 February 3, 2009 Chair Ragan announced that the Committee would go into executive session to discuss financial \nand commercial information relating to an i nvestment since public knowledge regarding the \ndiscussion would result in loss to the funds managed by the WSIB or would result in private loss \nto the providers of the information. The executi ve session was expected to last approximately \n30 minutes at which time the Committee would reconvene in open public session. \n \nENHANCED INDEXING PROGRAM REVIEW \n[The committee entered execu tive session at 2:32 p.m.] \n [Mr. Nierenberg was no longer in attendance at 3:00 p.m.] \n \n[The committee reconvened in open public session at 3:34 p.m.] \n \nMr. Petit moved that the Public Markets Committee recommend the \nBoard approve the specific actions rel ated to the U.S. equity enhanced \nindex mandate within the Public Equity program discussed in executive session. Mr. Masten seconded, and the motion carried unanimously. Ms. Schurke moved that the P ublic Markets Committee recommend \nthe Board approve the specific actions recommended by the staff related to the non-U.S. equity enhanced index mandate within the Public Equity program discussed in executive session. Chair Ragan \nseconded, and the motion failed with Mr. Masten and Mr. Petit voting no. Mr. Petit moved that the Public Markets Committee recommend the \nBoard direct staff to execute the tr ansition plan as recommended by \nthe staff in executive session. Mr. Masten seconded, and the motion \ncarried unanimously. \n \nMr. Petit moved that the Public Markets Committee recommend the \nBoard direct staff to begin a competit ive process to identify enhanced \nindex managers for the Committee’s and Board’s consideration. Ms. Schurke seconded and the motion carried with Mr. Masten voting no. \n OTHER ITEMS\n \nThere was no further business to come before the Public Markets Committee and the meeting \nadjourned at 3:38 p.m. "
} |
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"text": "893 Federal Reserve System § 268.709 \n§ 268.705 Employment. \nNo qualified individual with a dis-\nability shall, on the basis of a dis-ability, be subjected to discrimination in employment under any program or activity conducted by the Board. The definitions, requirements and proce-dures of §268.203 of this part shall apply to discrimination in employment in federally conducted programs or activi-ties. \n§ 268.706 Program accessibility: Dis-\ncrimination prohibited. \nExcept as otherwise provided in \n§268.707 of this subpart, no qualified in-dividual with a disability shall, be-cause the Board’s facilities are inacces-sible to or unusable by individuals with a disability, be denied the benefits of, be excluded from participation in, or otherwise be subjected to discrimina-tion under any program or activity conducted by the Board. \n§ 268.707 Program accessibility: Exist-\ning facilities. \n(a) General. The Board shall operate \neach program or activity so that the program or activity, when viewed in its entirety, is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with a disability. This paragraph (a) does not: \n(1) Necessarily require the Board to \nmake each of its existing facilities ac-\ncessible to and usable by individuals with a disability; or \n(2) Require the Board to take any ac-\ntion that it can demonstrate would re-sult in a fundamental alteration in the nature of a program or activity or in undue financial and administrative burdens. In those circumstances where the Board believes that the proposed action would fundamentally alter the program or activity or would result in undue financial and administrative burdens, the Board has the burden of proving that compliance with this paragraph (a) would result in such al-terations or burdens. The decision that compliance would result in such alter-ations or burdens shall be made by the Board of Governors or their designee after considering all Board resources available for use in the funding and op-eration of the conducted program or activity, and must be accompanied by a written statement of the reasons for reaching that conclusion. If an action \nwould result in such an alteration or such burdens, the Board shall take any other action that would not result in such an alteration or such burdens but would nevertheless ensure that individ-uals with a disability receive the bene-fits and services of the program or ac-tivity. \n(b) Methods. The Board may comply \nwith the requirements of this subpart H through such means as redesign of equipment, reassignment of services to accessible buildings, assignment of aides to individuals with a disability, home visits, delivery of service at al-ternate accessible sites, alteration of existing facilities and construction of new facilities, use of accessible rolling stock, or any other methods that re-sult in making its programs or activi-ties readily accessible to and usable by individuals with a disability. The Board is not required to make struc-tural changes in existing facilities where other methods are effective in achieving compliance with this sec-tion. In choosing among available methods for meeting the requirements of this section, the Board shall give priority to those methods that offer programs and activities to qualified in-dividuals with a disability in the most integrated setting appropriate. \n(c) Time period for compliance. The \nBoard shall comply with any obliga-tions established under this section as expeditiously as possible. \n§ 268.708 Program accessibility: New \nconstruction and alterations. \nEach building or part of a building \nthat is constructed or altered by, on behalf of, or for the use of the Board shall be designed, constructed, or al-tered so as to be readily accessible to and usable by individuals with a dis-ability. \n§ 268.709 Communications. \n(a) The Board shall take appropriate \nsteps to ensure effective communica-tion with applicants, participants, per-sonnel of other Federal entities, and members of the public. \n(1) The Board shall furnish appro-\npriate auxiliary aids where necessary to afford an individual with a disability an equal opportunity to participate in, \nVerDate Aug<31>2005 02:50 Jan 27, 2006 Jkt 208037 PO 00000 Frm 00903 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\208037.XXX 208037"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "FACJVHVLPMDY7MXLGTB3JOSXIZ2XWAQD.pdf",
"text": "Out of State Counsel\nThe Court generally follows the requirements set forth in the text of E.D. Mich. LR 83.20 . Local\ncounsel is required. "
} |
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"text": "To protect the planet, we can all do ourpart\nStudents pick up non-biodegradable\nplastics from the Saint Monica\nUniversity Campus, Cameroon. (Photo\ncourtesy Gabila Franklin Neba.)\nDid you know small changes in your daily routines can make a huge difference to your health, the\nhealth of your neighbors and the future of the planet? Choose from among these simple steps and\nstart today.\nJoin #YALIGoesGreen this month. Learn how to get involved at yali.state.gov/climate . \nWhen you run errands or travel …\n• Walk or ride a bike.\n• Take public transportation.\n• Organize errands into one trip.\n• When driving, accelerate gradually and drive at lower speeds.\n• Drive less, particularly on days with unhealthy air.\nWhen you are at home …\nWhat we do at home makes a big impact on air quality. Consuming less energy helps reduce air\npollution, as does choosing sustainable, recyclable products. Limit use of chemicals that contribute\nto smog.\nDid you know that detergents, cleaning compounds, glues, polishes and even cosmetics, perfume\nand deodorants contribute to smog? Such items contain volatile chemicals that evaporate readily.\nWhen the sun shines, they combine with other pollutants to form ozone, a primary component of\nsmog that is bad for our health.\n• Turn the lights off when you leave a room.\n• Replace energy-hungry incandescent lights with energy-saving CFLs or LEDs .\n• If alternative energy sources such as solar or wind are available, use them.\n• Recycle paper, plastic and organic materials.\n• Use nonpolluting stoves. Avoid using kerosene to cook, heat or provide light.\n• Choose products made from recycled materials or sustainable sources such as bamboo, hemp and\ncoconut fiber.\n• Use durable, reusable shopping bags, not disposable plastic bags.\n• Paint with a brush instead of a sprayer.\n• Store all solvents in airtight containers.\n• Eliminate use of toxic chemicals at home; opt for natural substitutes.\n• Plant a tree to help purify the air. When you are at work …\n• Use natural light during the day.\n• Work from home if possible.\n• If you work in an office, start a recycling program. Print and photocopy on both sides of paper, and\nonly print when necessary.\n• Turn off office equipment (i.e., computers, printers and fax machines) after hours.\nWhen you are in your community …\n• Support efforts to “green” the neighborhood.\n• Start an environmental program yourself.\n• Let your elected representatives know you support action for cleaner air.\nAdapted from the California Air Resources Board’s “Simple Solutions to Help Reduce Air Pollution.”\nThe Promise of Wind Power\nJoin #YALIGoesGreen this month. Learn how to get involved at yali.state.gov/climate\nSolar, biofuels and hydropower are among the energy sources the United States has been\ndeveloping aggressively since President Obama began the transition to a clean energy economy with\nhis Climate Action Plan .\nWind, an energy technology with a long history, is another green power source with great potential.\nA new report from the U.S. Energy Department analyzes how the nation might increase its use of\nwind power .\nMany African nations are also investing in wind power, which can, as the U.S. report says, “address\nkey societal challenges such as climate change, air quality and public health, and water scarcity.”\nThe Lake Turkana Wind Power Project in the north-east of Kenya aims to produce 20 percent of the\ncountry’s electricity generating capacity when it comes online in 2016.\nAyitepa Wind Farm the east coast of Ghana and is also slated to come online in 2016 and promises to\ngenerate 10 percent of the country’s generating capacity.\nIssued in May, the almost-300-page report says the United States has tripled its use of wind power\nsince 2008. Wind supplies 4.5 percent of the nation’s electricity today, and the nation could set a\nrealistic plan to meet 10 percent of the electricity demand in 2020, 20 percent in 2030, and 35\npercent in 2050.\nIf the nation does reach that 2050 target, the report calculates considerable benefits: The nation’s total electric bill would be 3 percent lower.■\nGreenhouse gas emissions would drop by 14 percent.■\nUsing less fossil fuel would reduce pollutants such as sulfur dioxides, nitrogen oxides and■\nparticulate matter.\nPollution-related deaths would be reduced by almost 22,000 between 2013 and 2050.■\nThe use of water would go down 23 percent as the nation became less dependent on fossil-fuel■\npower plants, which use water as a cooling agent.\nBeyond these calculable benefits, Wind Vision predicts adoption of more wind power also would put\ndownward price pressure on fossil fuels in energy markets, saving consumers $280 billion.\nSo if wind will give electricity for less money with less pollution, maybe wind power should be in\nyour future too.\nTelling Your Story Visually on SocialMedia\nCredit: Climate Action Campaign\nWhen you’re crafting a message on social media, creating a narrative is important to its success.\nTara McMahon is the digital creative director at Climate Action Campaign, where she focuses on\ntelling the story of climate change and finding innovative ways to convey the detailed science of\nclimate change.\n“Given the nature of platforms like Facebook and Twitter,” said McMahon, “images and graphics\noffer an important opportunity to engage the reader in your story.”\nWe asked McMahon to offer the YALI Network her tips for incorporating compelling visuals into\nonline campaigns.\n1. Create a mini-campaign “brand” for a set of visuals.\nUsing consistent fonts, colors and design elements helps drive the overarching message visually.\n2. Pick the best approach for telling your story.\nInfo graphics are helpful for distilling finds in reports, photos are best for highlighting real-life\nimpacts, and quotes and graphics are good for elevating direct stories.\n3. Use your resources!\nThe Internet is full of free and low-cost resources: templates for infographics, free fonts, color palette generations, Creative Commons photos and more.\n4. Think of visuals as a companion to your messaging.\nFor example, visuals can help tell a story about real-world local impacts of a global problem like\nclimate change. It’s important to start with a strong message you’re looking to convey. Then visuals\nhelp give more context so you can craft a story that will really resonate with the viewer.\n5. Be creative!\nTrying new things is the best way to determine what works with your audience. Test out using two\ndifferent types of visuals that convey the same story and see which one engages people the most.\n \n \nWomen’s Situation Rooms: WomenProtecting Women’s Voting Rights\nLiberians celebrate the inauguration of\nPresident Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf.\nLiberia’s 2011 election was the first to use a\nWomen’s Situation Room. (©AP Images)\nWhile Nigerians went to the polls in March 2015 for what would prove to be historic elections , 40\nyoung people in Abuja, mostly women, answered phones around the clock, fielding calls about\noutbreaks of violence and voter suppression.\nMeanwhile, 300 female election monitors observed polls in 10 targeted Nigerian states, reporting\nirregularities back to Abuja. There, a team of eight eminent women from Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra\nLeone and Senegal worked with political parties and religious groups to address threats of violence\nagainst women voters and women candidates as they happened.\nWelcome to the Women’s Situation Room. Nigeria’s election was the most recent African election to\nbenefit from a four-year-old idea that’s been spreading throughout the continent. Originated during\nthe 2011 presidential and legislative elections in Liberia to promote women’s leadership\ndevelopment, the Women’s Situation Room model has been replicated in Senegal, Sierra Leone, Mali\nand Guinea-Bissau.\nParticipants in Nigeria’s Women’s\n Situation Room during the March 2015\nelections. (Courtesy U.S. Embassy Nigeria)\nStudies show that women and children are the most likely to be affected by election violence,\nincluding efforts to prevent women from exercising their right to vote. Women’s Situation Rooms\nemploy women and youth to ensure access to the polls.\nAmong the desks in Nigeria’s Women’s Situation Room was one staffed with police representatives\nand another with representatives from Nigeria’s Independent Electoral Commission, allowing\nimmediate response to outbreaks of violence and incidents of voter exclusion.\n“If a situation happens in the field and we want answers from the police — like violence erupted in a\ncertain state while [women] were taking part in the election — we respond by finding the particular\narm of government, INEC or police, to tackle the situation. If they’re in the room, it’s of course\neasier and faster,” Turrie Akerele Ismael, Nigeria’s solicitor-general and one of the situation room’s\neminent women, reported to U.N. Women.\n“Women and youth play an active role in sustaining peace before, during and after the elections,”\nsaid Sylvie Ndongmo of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, which\ncoordinated the Women’s Situation Room for the Nigerian election. When civic groups work with\ngovernmental agencies to reduce threats to voters and candidates, said Ndongmo, “the threat of\nelectoral violence becomes an opportunity for promoting sustainable peace and democracy.”\n#YALIVotes: “Give Young People theFeeling They’re Cared About”\n(Kendra Helmer/USAID)\nAko Essan Emile has seen what happens when elections go bad. He was attending a university in\nCôte d’Ivoire’s city of Abidjan when violence broke out in the wake of the disputed 2010 election.\nIn the years since then, he’s thought a lot about what it takes to bring free and fair elections to his\ncountry. “Much has to be done to build trust between young people and politicians,” Ako said. “YALI\nNetwork members in Côte d’Ivoire have started creating a platform for young people to interact with\npolitical leaders.”\nHe contrasted his experience as a Mandela Washington Fellow with his experience with politicians\nat home. “We came to the United States in August and we had the opportunity to talk to President\nObama. We’d never had this opportunity in our country.”\nAko sees open communication between candidates and the people they hope to represent as an important basis for better elections and better leadership. “Most leaders don’t consider young\npeople when making their strategies. They just use young people as bait to attract other young\npeople.”\nAko is the managing director of Radio Arc-en-ciel, a community-based station in the urban area of\nAbobo. In the months leading up to the October election, Radio Arc-en-ciel hosted roundtable\ndiscussions to give a voice to one of the country’s largest (1.5 million) and least-represented\ncommunities and also to inform Abobo’s residents.\n“One of the key issues is lack of education about the electoral process,” Ako said. “No accurate\ninformation is given, and if a politician comes into a community he will talk to the population\naccording to his point of view, but not in a balanced way. People can be misled and it can cause\nconflict.”\nAko Essan Emile (right) in the Radio\nArc-en-ciel studio in September 2015.\n(Kendra Helmer/USAID)\nIn addition to the roundtable radio shows, Radio Arc-en-ciel hosted events that balanced live music\nwith information. “We invited experts to come in and explain the electoral code to the population. If\nthey know the electoral code, they will be able to monitor whether the election is going the right way\nor the wrong way. If someone doesn’t have accurate information they can feel that fraud is going on,\nand then one rumor will come out and spark into violence and escalate into bloodshed.”\nWith elections upcoming in Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger and Uganda, Ako pointed to things that\nworked well in Côte d’Ivoire in keeping the elections nonviolent and fair. “During our election, young\npeople were on the ground as observers and were reporting live. Some other civil society\norganizations copied this example, so there were many young people spread around Côte d’Ivoire\nreporting, which helped to deter any kind of fraud.”\nAko sees responsibility on both sides for improving elections. Leaders must listen to the voters.\n“Young people should draft their own manifestos (or platforms), give them to the politicians and say,\n“These are our priorities.”\nAnd voters have to be responsible in how they use their vote. “Sometimes the population is much\nmore passionate about politics than the issues that relate to them directly. In many capital cities,\nthere’s no access to water and electricity, and the roads are in bad condition. Mobilize to address\nthese specific issues. I think more and more we need to select our leaders based on their manifestos\nand what they put forward, instead of voting for them because they come from our region or because\nthey are the uncle of my brother or something like that.” Can we stop climate change? The Parissummit may be the key.\nIt may sound like the latest film noir movie, but it has nothing to do with a police whodunnit. In\nAmerica, people often informally use the word “cop” to refer to a police officer. But in this case,\nCOP21 is shorthand for the 21st Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework\nConvention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).\nTo put it simply, COP21 is an upcoming summit that brings countries together to solve the problems\nof global warming and climate change.\nIt all began at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, where the UNFCCC was formed to find\nways to “stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere” at low levels to stop further\nenvironmental damage. Scientists had found that these emissions from transportation and industry\nprecipitated more rapid climate change — not a good thing.\nI love Paris in the winter\nCOP21 will meet in Paris from November 30 to December 11. It’s going to be big. To date, there are\n196 parties to the convention, most of whom will attend. There are also nonmember attendees —\nobserver states and nongovernmental organizations. The parties hope to draft a new international\nagreement, or protocol, on the climate.\nTo date, at least 150 countries have submitted goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and\nachieving a low-carbon future through cleaner, more sustainable practices. These goals, called\nIntended Nationally Determined Contributions, will figure in the the discussions among the parties\non how to halt the progress of global warming and climate change. Forty-nine African nations have\nsubmitted their goals. Ethiopia, for instance, plans to reduce its emissions by 64 percent below\nprojected business-as-usual emissions by 2030. Climate change is happening faster because of us\nScientists agree that human activity is largely responsible for the rapid increase in global warming\nin the past 40 years. There is strong evidence supporting the seriousness of climate change . Drastic\nchanges in weather patterns are occurring: more violent storms, hotter summers and colder winters.\nIf the world continues to warm, sea levels will rise, harming communities located along coastlines.\nThat and drought could create new migration patterns and harm agriculture. Crop yields in some\nplaces have diminished in recent years because of exposure to ozone . And warming oceans will\naffect marine life worldwide in ways that will harm fisheries upon which people depend for food.\nDroughts are expected to increase in central and southern Africa, along with unprecedented\nextremes of heat. Studies predict increased annual precipitation in the Horn of Africa and parts of\nEast Africa that will increase the risk of flooding. It will not be just a gab fest\nCOP21 will be about cleaner air , healthier people, stronger economies and keeping island nations\nfrom disappearing under the sea. The goal: act now to keep global warming below 2 degrees Celsius.\nTo accomplish that, significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions worldwide will have to be\nmade over the next few decades. ( Carbon dioxide emissions have reached the highest levels this\nyear, according to NASA, the U.S. space agency.)\n So what can I do if I’m not in Paris?\nLearn as much as you can about the effects of climate change. NASA’s Vital Signs of the Planet■\nwebsite is a great place to start.\nImprove your understanding of the negotiations, and get to know the two diplomats (Daniel■\nReifsnyder of the U.S. and Ahmed Djoghlaf of Algeria) at the center of the agreement.\nStay tuned to the U.S. Center at COP21 for live webcasts during the two weeks of the conference.■\nPublish your climate solution on the Climate Solutions Hub .■\nFollow @FactsOnClimate and @US_Center on Twitter, and use hashtags #ActOnClimate and■\n#AskUSCenter to tweet your views.\nContact your government officials and urge them to take action now!■\nTake the YALI Network Online Course “ Understanding Climate Change .”■\nFacilitate or participate in a YALI Learns event on climate change.■\n#Africa4Her Generates Support forWomen and Girls: Olivier Nathacia, SouthAfrica\nWe asked some of the many YALI Network members who in March made an #Africa4Her pledge to\ninvest in women and girls in their community how they have fulfilled that pledge. Here is Olivier\nNathacia’s story.\nI have pledged to invest my time, knowledge and the other resources accessible to me to improve\nand empower the lives of women and girls within my community.\nAs a young woman residing in South Africa, I noticed that there is a gap regarding support of\nwomen’s development and growth. Women are still sidelined, especially those residing in less\nprivileged areas.\nI also experienced the challenges that most young women and girls come across, especially in the\ncorporate and business arenas. I realized that women are still severely hampered by discrimination,\nlack of resources and economic opportunities, limited access to decision-making and gender-based\nviolence.\nI volunteered because I want to be that ripple of change that will close the gap and become part of a\ngeneration that makes a difference — a generation that changes obscure obstacles within society\nabout women and girls through entrepreneurship, public innovation and leadership.\nOlivier Nathacia wants to close\n the opportunity gap for women\nand girls\nI have learned that service is important. More especially when you work with the community, you\nneed to know how to serve people, communicate with them, have time for them, show them that you\ncare. Most of all I learned what it means to be disciplined and be a people’s person.\nThrough volunteering, I learned that leadership is not for the faint-hearted. I have learned what it\nmeans to connect and how to build a network that will transform this nation.\nMost importantly, I learned that women and girls are strong leaders by nature — they thrive in every\nsituation or circumstance. They vouch for justice, yet they need support in order to achieve whatever\nthey want to accomplish in life. They need a platform to share their knowledge, to network and build\neach other up.\nThis experience through #Africa4Her has made me a creative leader and inspired me to continue\nwith the journey I have embarked on.\nI can now connect and communicate better. Being amongst women and girls all the time has\nchanged my perception of how women deal and do things from different circumstances of their lives.\nService is important when you work with the community.\nOn August 28, 2015, we will once again host an event that focuses on young women and girls. The\nevent will be about the importance of exercising and healthy living.\nAlthough it is still hard for me to get all the support I need from government in order to make things\nhappen within my community, I encourage myself to keep going because my passion is assisting\nyoung women and girls in every way possible.\n \nMore than 1,000 YALI Network members made an #Africa4Her pledge. They represent 47 countries,\nand 54 percent of them are men. If you made an #Africa4Her pledge and would like to share your\nstory, please email us at YALINetwork@state.gov and use the subject line “#Africa4Her.”\n \n#YALIGoesGreen 2016: Join us!\n#YALIGoesGreen is a Network-wide initiative to spur climate change awareness and action.\nIn honor of Earth Day (April 22nd), from now through May 15, 2016, YALI Network members who complete one or more of these activities will receive a personalized #YALIGoesGreen badge:\nTake and teach Understanding Climate Change .■\nImplement green business practices at work, like reducing paper and electricity use.■\nDiscuss greening daily habits at home, like reducing water or waste.■\nOrganize a community trash pickup day.■\nHost a presentation on climate change in a local school■\nOrganize a tree planting event and educate participants on the role of forests in addressing■\nclimate change.\nOrganize an event around ocean protection issues and/or conduct a cleanup event of a local■\noutdoor recreational space, waterway, or beach.\nTalk to local leaders about climate change.■\nHost a recycling drive.■\nOrganize a climate awareness walk.■\nInvite experts from local organizations working on environmental issues to speak to your■\ncommunity about climate change.\nHost an environment-themed film screening and discussion.■\nWork with a local radio program to host a climate-focused show.■\nTo earn your badge you must complete the following steps:\n1. Select an activity for your event from the list above.\n2. Create an event on the YALI Network Face2Face page to advertise your event to the Network.\n3. After your event is complete post pictures in Face2Face to let everyone know how it went.\n4. Tell us about your event here by May 15, 2016 to get your personalized badge!\nFor tips on how to facilitate a #YALIGoesGreen or #YALILearns event visit yali.state.gov/learns .\nLet’s take action and help spread the word today!\nHosting a #YALIGoesGreen event\nWant some ideas on how to facilitate and engage and audience during your #YALIGoesGreen event?\nDownload the event facilitation guide (PDF) with a complete lesson plan to use along with\nthis PowerPoint presentation (PPTX).\nPlease remember that all #YALILearns and #YALIGoesGreen events are organized on the basis of\neducating your community with shared YALI Network resources. You should never charge a fee\nfor a YALI Network event, and remind others if you see this occuring .\nPromoting a #YALIGoesGreen event\nFacebook Banner:\n \n \nProfile photo:\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nSharable graphics:\nEarth Day 2016 Postcard\nMore on Climate Change\nYALI Goes Green and Accepts the Earth Day Call to Action■\nApril 22, 2016, is a good day for Africa. Here’s why:■\nThe goal is to plant 7.8 billion trees by 2020. Can you help?■\nOnline learning spurs offline climate action■\nIt Started with a Challenge: One Month, 1,000 Trees■\nLifestyles of the Famous and Green■\n#YALILearns: Air Conditioning, Aerosols and Agriculture■\nYALI Network 2015: What a Year It’s Been!■\n#YALIGoesGreen Tweets\nENGAGE WITH US:\n Follow @YALINetwork\n#YALICHAT: Wanjira Mathai Connectswith the YALI Network on Climate Change\nFrom November 17 to 19, YALI Network Online Course instructor and director of wPOWER hub\nWanjira Mathai held a YALICHAT to answer questions from YALI Network members. One of the\ncommon themes addressed throughout the chat was how individual citizens can make an impact for\ngood in their communities.\n“Raising public awareness about the climate crisis and giving local communities practical actions\nthey can take to mitigate and adapt is crucial — water harvesting, food security, tree planting are\nbut a few,” Mathai says. “Young people should be encouraged to plant trees in school, at home, at\nchurch. We want to create a culture of planting trees so that we do it because we know it is\nimportant for us. A national tree planting week would be a great idea; ideally, when schools are\nclosed (say around Easter). Public tree planting is great in that it will build solidarity nationwide.\nTree planting is an everyday affair: When you are happy, plant a tree!”\nOne of the main concerns for YALI Network members was the role the government plays in\naddressing the problem at hand: While citizens of each country can do their part, governments\nshould promote clean energy solutions and encourage industries to do the same.\n“What many governments want to believe is that economic growth and clean energy are\nincompatible,” Mathai says. “They are compatible. In fact, some of the world’s economic leaders are\nprioritizing clean energy because they know it will be good for people, planet and profit — the triple\nbottom line.”\nGovernments are beginning to implement solutions to improve air quality. New Delhi, for example, is\ncreating an organized mass transit system to encourage people to use public transit more\nfrequently.\n“I was impressed when I visited New Delhi recently and heard that the government just got tough on\nemissions,” Mathai says. “Some of the interventions they introduced included public awareness\ncampaigns around health impacts of air pollution and pollution checks to ensure that only road-\nworthy vehicles are on their roads.”\nNetwork members were particularly interested in deforestation. According to Mathai, at a practical\nlevel, destroying forests has short-term benefits but serious long-term consequences.\n“We have to begin to see all these impacts from a systems perspective. When we destroy our forests\nand landscapes, we destroy their ability to support life and replenish rivers and underground\naquifers. We are told by the U.N. that we need a forest cover minimum of 10 percent for sustainable development. Most of our countries have decimated our forests with little or no reforestation taking\nplace. The function these forests used to play is stopped, and so the services it provided cease. So\nfloods and famines (which become droughts) have become more frequent.”\nIn addition to discussing the role the government plays, another concern addressed in the chat\ncentered around the issue of clean water. According to Voice of America’s Straight Talk Africa, 350\nmillion to 600 million people in Africa are projected to be exposed to water stress due to climate\nchange.\n“For most of our countries, restoring the degraded landscapes and riverine forests with indigenous\nvegetation is an important investment,” Mathai says. “In the meantime, we must work on ways of\nharvesting water when it rains. We must find ways to harvest the water from our roofs, particularly\nin agricultural areas where it can be used during the dry season, and also learn techniques for in\nsitu water harvesting. There is a lot we can learn from counties like Israel and projects like we have\nseen in Ethiopia (watch “Ethiopia Rising”) where terraces, check dams, gabions and many other\nwater harvesting techniques have been employed in addition to tree planting and farmer-managed\nnatural regeneration of trees.”\nWe protect what we care about. In order for action to be taken, something has to be at stake. Here is\nsome advice straight from Mathai to the YALI Network on how to speak to your community about\nclimate change:\n“The best way to explain climate change to others is to engage them in activities that demonstrate\nwhat it means and also take them to beautiful places that they might experience environmental\nbeauty. You know the saying: “We protect what we love.”\n5 tips for building a successful advocacycampaign\nJoin #YALIGoesGreen this month. Learn how to get involved at yali.state.gov/climate\nAre you trying to get the word out — either for a candidate or a cause you feel passionate about?\nSocial media is great, but when online supporters turn into offline volunteers, your advocacy\ncampaign reaches a new level.\nAisha Satterwhite of Blue State Digital, a leading digital-strategy agency, said, “Every group thinks\nits problems are different, but they’re often the same.” She said often a group uses conflicting\nmessages for the same campaign, or a message that is so vague it won’t mean anything to people.\nThese five tips will help you match your message to your intended audience and motivate them to get off the sidelines for your cause.\nKnow how your audience communicates\nDo the people you’re trying to reach respond to email? SMS texts? Will radio, print and other\ntraditional media be most effective? For many advocacy campaigns, time spent knocking on doors\nproduces better results than a hundred emails.\nMacala Wright, a digital marketing strategist, suggests nonprofits with limited budgets take\nadvantage of free resources to learn about online audiences. For instance, Google Analytics can tell\nyou what country visitors to your website are from, where on your site they’re going and what\ndevices (mobile, desktop, tablet) they’re using. “That’s information any organization can use to make\ninformed decisions on how they’re messaging,” Wright said.\nFigure out your messaging strategy\nA good advocacy campaign has a core message, Wright said, and how you present that message\ndetermines how far it spreads. “There are three good ways to make your message appealing: humor,\ninspiration and enlightened education,” Wright said. “People share things that make them happy or\nmake them want to learn more.”\nSpur your audience to act\nKnow what it is you want your audience to do, and make sure the audience knows it too. Perhaps it\nis as simple as sharing your post on Facebook. Sign a petition? Attend a meeting? Vote for a\ncandidate? If you’re asking for donations, Satterwhite advises that you “think what it would take for\nyou to actually take money out of your pocket and give it to someone. How would you want them to\napproach you?”\nMove people toward engagement\nHow engaged is your audience? This chart shows how influence can be increased by gradually\nincreasing engagement. (Source: Blue State Digital, State Dept.)\nConvincing someone to “like” your organization’s page on Facebook is easy; convincing him or her\nto host an event at home to raise funds for your organization is hard. These are examples of the\nbottom and top rungs of what media strategists call the ladder of engagement. By gradually asking\nmore of your audience as it engages with you — to opt in for email updates, to make a small\ndonation, to attend a live event, to knock on doors for your cause — you can convert an online\nbystander into an enthusiastic worker for your cause.\nTest your messages\nBoth Satterwhite and Wright stress the importance of trying different approaches and learning from\nthe results. For a social media posting, Wright advises trying the same message starting off with a\nquestion (“Have you thought about where your food comes from?”) and then again with a compelling fact (“Processed foods make up 70 percent of your community’s diet.”)\n“Whatever has better traction in terms of share, engagement and reach,” said Wright, is the\napproach to use. But she said you must always try new things, because digital behaviors move very\nrapidly.”"
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"pdf_file": "4ADSQBDDIAH74AABB7OJ4AP5ZVHU7QIF.pdf",
"text": "sec n~~yd igest\nIssue 78-195 OCT 11 1978 October 6, 1978 \nU.S. SECURITIES AND\nCOMMISSION ANNOUNCEMENTS EXCHANCE COMMISSION \nAPPLICABILITY OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISERS ACT \nTO CERTAIN BROKER-DEALERS \nThe Commission has issued a release concerning the meaning of the term \"special com-\npensation\" as it is used in Section 202(a) (ii) (c) of the Investment Advisers Act of \n1940. The release also indicates that the Commission has decided not to take any\naction at this time with respect to the status under the Advisers Act of brokers and \ndealers who have discretionary authority over customers' accounts. (ReI. 34-15215) \nFOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Michael Berenson at (202) 755-1815 \nADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS \nINTERNATIONAL POSTAL SYSTEMS, INC. \nThe Commission has issued an order by default denying transfer agent registration to \nInternational Postal Systems, Inc., Tupelo, Mississippi. It appears that, pursuant to \nRule 6(e) of the Commission's Rules of Practice, IPSI has failed to file a notice of \nappearance and has failed to appear at the hearing on this matter. (ReI. 34-15205) \nCOURT ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS \nCOMPLAINT NAMES SAMUEL ARCH HARWELL, OTHERS \nThe Commission filed, on October 5, an injunctive action in the U.S. District Court \nin Houston against six defendants in connection with transactions by the University\nof Houston in government securities. The University is an institution of the State \nof Texas with four campuses in the Houston area. Named as defendants in the Commis-\nsion's complaint are Samuel Arch Harwell, a former employee and government securities \ntrader of the University; Covington Knox, Inc., a registered securities firm located \nin Houston; Aubrey Melvin Covington and Roger Kenneth Knox, principals of the firm;\nRoger Kenneth Knox, individually and doing business as Gouche & Company; Patrick Virgil\nHarwell, also known as Patrick Dennis Sullivan, Harwell's half-brother doing business \nas Pat Sullivan & Associates, Inc.; and Kenneth Lynnwood Henderson, individually and \ndoing business as Lynn Associates, a securities firm located in San Francisco, Califor-\nnia. The defendants were charged with violating, singly and in concert, and aiding\nand abetting violations of the antifraud provisions of the securities laws in Univer-\nsity's purchase and sale of government securities, including so-called Ginnie Mae's \nand reverse repurchase agreements (a pledge of securities which takes the form of a \nsale and buy-back). (SEC v. Samuel Arch Harwell, et al., U.S.D.C., S.D. of Tex.,\nHouston Division, Civil Action No. H-78-l9l6). (LR-8559) \nCORTES W. RANDELL AND JOHN B. MUMFORD INDICTED \nThe Washington Regional Office announced that on October 5 a federal grand jury\nsitting in Alexandria, Virginia entered a 17 count indictment against Cortes W. \nRandell, of McLean, Virginia, and John B. Mumford, of Fairfax, Virginia. The indict-\nment charges Randell and Mumford with seven counts of mail fraud, five counts of \nsecurities fraud, four counts of interstate transportation of money taken by fraud \nand one count of making a false statement to a federal agency. \nThe indictment involves the 1974 and 1975 activities of National Commercial Credit \nCorporation and Federal Mortgage Acceptance Corporation, both Virginia corporations.\nThe indictment charges that both Randell and Mumford had control of both corporations\nas consultants, directors, officers and controlling stockholders. \nd = \nThe indictment charges that Randell and Mumford devised a scheme and artifice to \ndefraud and to obtain money from individual investors, Maryland National Industrial \nFinance Corporation, Farmers Bank of the State of Delaware, Metropolitan Mortgage\nFund, Inc., and the Veterans Administration by making false and fraudulent representa -\ntions and by omissions of material facts. The indictment states that the money and \nproperty obtained by Randell was diverted to his own personal use and benefit unrelated \nto the business activities of Federal Mortgage Acceptance Corporation. A further \nomission alleged that Randall was previously indicted and pled guilty on or about \nAugust 16, 1974, to four counts of securities fraud in connection with National Student \nMarketing Corporation and served a prison sentence. \nOn September 22, in connection with this case, Harry Koenigsberg, chairman of the \nboard of directors of National Commercial Credit Corporation in 1974 and 1975, pled \nguilty to one count of securities fraud in the sale of NCCC securities. (U.S. v. \nCortes W. Randell and John B. Mumford, U.S.D.C., E.D. Va., Criminal No. 78-l99-A).\n(LR-8560) \nINVESTMENT COMPANY ACT RELEASES \nSHEPMYERS INVESTMENT COMPANY \nAn order has been issued on an application of Shepmyers Investment Company (Fund), a \nPennsylvania corporation registered as a diversified, closed-end, management invest-\nment company, and Drexel Burnham Lambert Incorporated, the Fund's investment adviser,\npursuant to Section 10(f) of the Act, exempting certain transactions of the Fund from \nthe provisions of Section 10(f) of the Act so as to permit the Fund to purchase Muni-\ncipal Bonds in public offerings in which the Fund's investment adviser participates\nas a principal underwriter, subject to certain conditions specified in the application.\n(Rel. IC-10425 -Oct. 5) \nHOLDING COMPANY ACT RELEASES \nOHIO POWER COMPANY \nA notice has been issued giving interested persons until October 30 to request a hear-\ning on proposals of Ohio Power Company, subsidiary of American Electric Power Company,\nInc., and by Central Ohio Coal Company, subsidiary of Ohio. COCO proposes to borrow \nup to $30 million outstanding at anyone time in notes pursuant to a Credit Agreement\nwith Irving Trust Company. The proceeds will be used to finance the acquisition and \nconstruction of coal mining equipment by COCO. (Rel. 35-20724 -Oct. 5) \nLISTING, DELISTING AND UNLISTED TRADING ACTIONS \nLISTING ACTIONS \nOrders have been issued pursuant to Section l2(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of \n1934 granting the applications of the following companies to list the specified secur-\nities on the following stock exchanges: American Stock Exchange, Inc. -Hein Werner \nCorp., common stock, Parsons Corp., common shares and RMP International, Ltd., common \nshares (all effective as of September 18, 1978). New York Stock Exchange, Inc. -\nKingdom of Norway, 8-3/4% notes, due July 1, 1983 (effective as of September 11, 1978); \nAnheuser Busch, Inc., 8.55% sinking fund debentures, due September 1, 2008, Pacific \nNorthwest Bell Telephone Co., forty year 8-3/4% debentures, due August 1, 2018 (both\neffective as of September 14, 1978; Brunswick Corp., Series A, $2.40 cumulative con-\nvertible voting preferred stock (effective as of September 15, 1978); Bally Manufac-\nturing Corp., 6% convertible subordinated debentures, due 1998, Piedmont Aviation,\nInc., common stock (both effective as of September 19, 1978); Phillip Morris, Inc.,\n8.65% notes, due March 1, 1984 (effective as of September 21,1978). Midwest Stock \nExchange, Inc. -Piedmont Aviation, Inc., common stock (effective as of September 19,\n1978). Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc. -Telemed Corp., $15 million of 12-1/4%\nsubordinated debentures, due July 15, 1993 (effective as of September 14, 1978). \nNEWS DIGEST, October 6, 1978 2 paz \nSECURITIES ACT REGISTRATIONS \nThe following registration statements have been filed with the SEC pursuant to the \nSecurities Act of 1933. The information noted below has been taken from the cover \npage and the facing sheet of the prospectus and registration statement and will \nappear as fOllows: Form; Name, address and phone number (if available) of the issuer \nof the security; Title and the number or face amount of the securities being offered;\nName of the managing underwriter (if applicable); Whether the offering is a rights\noffering; and File number and date filed. \n(5-11) METRO SELF-STORAGE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP-I, 4 South Genesee St., Waukegan, Ill. 60085 \n-1,100 units of limited partnership interest. Underwriter: Warburg Paribas Becker \nInc. (File 2-62779 -Oct. 4) \n(5-14) TUXEDO PARK ASSOCIATES, Drugstore Bldg., Route 17, Tuxedo Park, N.Y. 10987 (914)\n351-4702 -7,000 units of limited partnership. (File 2-62780 -Oct. 4) \n(5-8) PRIME MOTOR INNS, INC., 1030 Clifton Ave., Clifton, N.J. 07013 (201) 779-4100 -\n208,000 shares of common stock. (File 2-62782 -Oct. 5)\n(5-8) FEDERAL EXPRESS CORPORATION, Memphis International Airport, Memphis, Tenn. 38130 -\n85,000 shares of common stock. The company provides door-to-door delivery of packages.\n(File 2-62783 -Oct. 5) \n(5-7) PUNTA GORDA ISLES, INC., 1625 West Marion Ave., Punta Gorda, Fla. 33950 (813)\n639-4151 -1,375,000 shares of cumulative convertible preferred stock. Underwriter:\nThomson McKinnon Securities Inc. The company is engaged in the business of selling\nand developing homesites. (File 2-62784 -Oct. 5)\n(S-6) THE MUNICIPAL BOND TRUST, SERIES 47, 140 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 1000S -12,000\nunits. Depositor: Paine, Webber, Jackson & Curtis Inc. (File 2-62785 -Oct. 5)\n(5-8) ANDERSON,CLAYTON & CO., 1010 Milan St., P.O. Box 2538, Houston, Tex. 77001 (713)\n651-0641 -500,000 shares of common stock. (File 2-62786 -Oct. 5)\n(5-8) AMSTAR CO~ORATION, 1251 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10020 (212) 489-9000 \n-400,000 shares of common stock. (File 2-62787 -Oct. 5) \n(5-16) HOUSEHOLD FINANCE CORPORATION, International Headquarters, 2700 Sanders Rd.,\nProspect Heights, Ill. 60070 (312) 564-5000 -$100 million of debentures, Series 5F,\ndue October 15, 1985 and $50 million of debentures, Series 6F, due October 15, 2008. \nUnderwriters: Goldman, Sachs & Co., Dean Witter Reynolds Inc. and William Blair & \nCompany. The company is a consumer finance company specializing in personal cash \nloans. (File 2-62788 -Oct. 5) \n(5-8) COLDWELL, BANKER & COMPANY, 533 Fremont Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. 90071 -56,665\nshares of common stock. The company furnishes real estate and real estate-related\nservices. (File 2-62789 -Oct. 6)\n(S-7) KANSAS GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY, 201 North Market St., Wichita, Kan. 67201 (316)\n261-6611 -1,600,000 shares of common stock. Underwriters: Kidder, Peabody & Co.\nInc., Merrill Lynch White Weld Capital Markets Group and Dean Witter Reynolds Inc.\n(S-5) GAMING FUND, INC., 1700 Market St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 -3,000,000 shares of\ncapital stock. (File 2-62792 -Oct. 5)\n(S-16) FIRST INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES, INC., First International Bldg., 1201 Elm St.,\nDallas, Tex. 75270 (214) 744-7100 -200,000 shares of common stock. (File 2-62793 -\nOct. 6) \nREGISTRATIONS EFFECTIVE \nOct. 3: Central Illinois Public Service Co., 2-62564; Federated Fiduciary Trust,\n2-62218.\nOct. 4: Best Products Co., Inc., 2-62687; The Charles River Breeding Laboratories,\nInc., 2-62639; Concrete Holdings Limited Supercrete Ltd., 2-62367; The Corporate\nIncome Fund, Seventy-Eighth Monthly Payment Series, 2-62344; Rome Savings & Loan\nAssociation, 2-62181; Lennard Oil N.L., 2-62616; Magnet Metals Ltd., 2-62615; Osrow\nProducts Corp., 2-61996 (90 days); Public Service Co. of New Mexico, 2-62546.\nNOTE TO DEALERS. When applicable the 90-day period of time dealers are required\nto use the prospectus is noted above in parentheses after the name of the issuer.\nAs to the other issuers, there may be no such requirement to use a prospectus, or\nthe requirement may be for a period of only 40 days; see Section 4(3) of the Securi-·\nties Act of 1933 and Rule 174 (17 CFR 230.174) thereunder.\nNEWS DIGEST, October 6, 1978 3 &\nNOISSI ........ OO 30NYHOX3 aNY 531J.ltln03S 'S -n \nOIYd 533.01 aNY 30YJ.SOd 6ViOOl: '0 'Q 'NO.Lf>N1HSVM \nNOISSIWWOO 3~NVH0X3 ONV S3I.LI~n03S \nS3l.Vl.S 03l.INn \n,~tany requests fur copies of documents referred 10 in Ihe SEC New. Dig est have erroneously been directed to the \nGovernment Printing Office. Copie. of luch documents and of registration statements may be ordered from the Public \nReference Section, Securities and Exchange Commillion, WOIhington, D.C. 20549. The reproduction co', is 10c per \npage plus pootage (7 day,) (13.50 minimum); 20c per page piu. po.tD(5e for expedited .ervice (4 day,) ($5.00 minimum) \nand 30c per page plus pOllage for priority seruice overnight (15.90) minimum). Cost estimates are given or request, \nAll other reference material is allfJi/Qb'e in the SEC Docket. \nNOTICE \nSEC lVEJ+'S DIGEST is published daily. Subscription rat.s: '64.45/yr in \nU.S. fim cia.. mail; '80.60 elsewhere.\nSf,'C DOCKET is published we.k,-v. Subscription rates: 143.70/yr in\n1 .S. first class mail; '54.65 elsewhere.\n5f:C 5T.4 T15T1C-tL BULLETIN is published monthly. Subscription rates: '15.00/yr in\n11.5. first class mail; '18.75 elsewhere.\nThe ,Yew. Digell. the Docket, and the Statistical Hulletin are for sale by the superintendent of Document s,\nCovernment Printing Office, 1I'00hinglon, D.C. 20402.\n7 Inn\n"
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"pdf_file": "WYWTCAZW66OVYSAZRNXYZ3S5H5TUAC3U.pdf",
"text": "Trademark Trial andAppeal BoardElectronic FilingSystem. http://estta.uspto.gov\nESTTATracking number: ESTTA458047\nFilingdate: 02/22/2012\nIN THE UNITED STATES PATENT ANDTRADEMARK OFFICE\nBEFORE THE TRADEMARK TRIALANDAPPEALBOARD\nProceeding 91201367\nParty Defendant\nDROPBOX,INC.\nCorrespondence\nAddressJOHN LSLAFSKY\nWILSON SONINI GOODRIH & ROSATI\n650 PAGEMILL ROAD\nPALO ALTO, CA94304-1050\nUNITED STATES\ntrademarks@wsgr.com\nSubmission OtherMotions/Papers\nFiler's Name John L.Slafsky\nFiler's e-mail jslafsky@wsgr.com,estern@wsgr.com, trademarks@wsgr.com\nSignature /JohnL.Slafsky/\nDate 02/22/2012\nAttachments DROPBOXConsentMotiontoStay.pdf( 3pages)(83031bytes ) "
} |
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"pdf_file": "EJG5HX3GR5KU4XBCF3L6VM6ZQGPEMYP6.pdf",
"text": " \n \nOctober 2009 \nBenefits of the Affordable He alth Care for America Act \nIn the 4th Congressional District of Oregon \nCommittee on Energy and Commerce \n \n \nThe Affordable Health Care for America Act will make health care affordable for the middle class, \nprovide security for seniors, and guarantee access to health insurance coverage for the uninsured — while \nresponsibly reducing the federal deficit over the ne xt decade and beyond. This analysis examines the \nbenefits of the legislation in th e 4th Congressional Dist rict of Oregon. Congressman Peter A. DeFazio \nrepresents the district. \n \nIn Congressman DeFazio’s district, the Affo rdable Health Care for America Act will: \n \n• Improve employer-based coverage for 408,000 residents. \n• Provide credits to help pay for coverage for up to 209,000 households. \n• Improve Medicare for 137,000 beneficiaries, including closing the prescription drug donut hole \nfor 14,600 seniors. \n• Allow 20,000 small businesses to obtain affordable hea lth care coverage and provide tax credits \nto help reduce health insurance costs for up to 18,300 small businesses. \n• Provide coverage for 86,000 uninsured residents. \n• Protect up to 1,200 families from bankruptcy due to unaffordable health care costs. \n• Reduce the cost of uncompensated care fo r hospitals and health care providers by $78 million . \n \nAffordable and Improved Health Ca re Coverage for the Middle Class \n \nBetter health care coverage for the insured. Approximately 56% of the district’s population, 408,000 \nresidents, receive health care coverage from thei r employer. Under the le gislation, indi viduals and \nfamilies with employer-based coverage can keep the he alth insurance coverage they have now, and it will \nget better. As a result of the insurance reforms in the bill, there will be no co-pays or deductibles for \npreventive care; no more rate increases or covera ge denials for pre-existing conditions, gender, or \noccupation; and guaranteed oral, vision, and hearing benefits for children. \n \nAffordable health ca re for the uninsured. Those who do not receive health care coverage through their \nemployer will be able to purchase coverage at group rates through a health insurance exchange. \nIndividuals and families with an income of up to four times the federal poverty level — an income of up \nto $88,000 for a family of four — will receive affordabili ty credits to help cover the cost of coverage. \nThere are 209,000 households in the dist rict that could qualify for these affordability credits if they need \nto purchase their own coverage. \n \nCoverage for individuals with pre-existing conditions. There are 15,500 individu als in the district who \nhave pre-existing medical conditions that could prevent them from buying insurance. Under the bill’s \ninsurance reforms, they will now be able to purchase affordable coverage. \n \nHealth care and financial security. There were 1,200 health care-related bankruptcies in the district in \n2008, caused primarily by the health care costs not cove red by insurance. The bill caps annual out-of-\n pocket costs at $5,000 for singles and $10,000 for families and eliminates lifetime limits on insurance \ncoverage, ensuring that no citizen wi ll have to face financial ruin because of high health care costs. \n \nSecurity for Seniors \n \nImproving Medicare. There are 137,000 Medicare beneficiaries in the district. The health care reform \nlegislation improves Medicare by pr oviding free preventive and wellne ss care, improving primary and \ncoordinated care, improving nur sing home quality, and strengthen ing the Medicare Trust Fund. \n \nClosing the Part D donut hole. Each year, 14,600 seniors in the dist rict hit the donut hol e and are forced \nto pay their full drug costs, despite having Part D drug coverage. The legisl ation will provide these \nseniors with immediate relief, c overing the first $500 of donut hole costs in 2010, cutting brand-name \ndrug costs in the donut hole by 50%, and completely eliminating the donut hole by 2019. \n \nHelping Small Businesses \n \nHelping small businesses obtain health insurance. Under the legislation, businesses with up to 100 employees will be able to join th e health insurance exchange, benef itting from group rates and a greater \nchoice of insurers. There are 20,000 small businesses in th e district that will be ab le to join the health \ninsurance exchange. \n \nTax credits for small businesses. Small businesses with 25 employees or less and average wages of less \nthan $40,000 will qualify for tax credits of up to 50% of the costs of providing health insurance. There \nare up to 18,300 small businesses in the di strict that could qualify for credits. \n \nCovering the Uninsured \n \nCoverage of the uninsured. There are 122,000 uninsured individuals in the district, 20% of the district \nresidents under age 65. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that nationwide, 96% of all \nAmericans will have insurance coverage when the bill takes effect. If this benchmark is reached in the \ndistrict, 86,000 people who curren tly do not have health insura nce will receive coverage. \n \nRelieving the burden of uncompensated care. In 2008, health care provider s in the district provided \n$78 million worth of uncompensated care. This care was provided to individuals who lacked insurance \ncoverage and were unable to pay thei r bills. Under the legisl ation, these costs of uncompensated care will \nbe virtually eliminated. \n \nDeficit Responsibility \n \nNo deficit spending. The cost of health care reform under the le gislation is fully paid for: half through \neliminating waste, fraud, abuse, and excessive profits for private insurers in Medicare and Medicaid and \nhalf through a surcharge on the income of the top 0.3% wealthiest individuals. This surcharge will affect \nonly 460 households in the district. The surcharge will not affect 99.85% of taxpaye rs in the district. \n \nReducing the deficit. According to the Congressional Budget O ffice, the bill will cut the deficit by over \n$30 billion over the next decade and will continue to create a budget surplus over the next 20 years. \n \n This analysis is based upon the following sources: the U.S. Census (data on insurance rates and small businesses); the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid \nServices (data on Medicare and Part D enro llment) the Department of Health and Human Services (data on health care-related bank ruptcies, uncompensated \ncare, and pre-existing conditions); and the House Co mmittee on Ways and Means (data on the surtax)."
} |
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"pdf_file": "GBMOB4WD5UEJPVB2OTTQNMICMOP3PG4R.pdf",
"text": "855PART 1501—GENERAL PROVISIONS\nAUTHORITY : 16 U.S.C. 450ss; Pub. L. 105–58, \n111 Stat. 1261.\nSOURCE : 65 FR 14761, Mar. 17, 2000, unless \notherwise noted.\n§ 1501.1 Cross reference to National \nPark Service regulations. \nAs permitted by the Oklahoma City \nNational Memorial Act, the Oklahoma City National Memorial Trust (the Trust) adopts by cross reference the provisions of the National Park Service in 36 CFR chapter I as shown in the fol-lowing table. The table also indicates those parts, sections, and paragraphs that the Trust has chosen to exclude from adoption.\nNATIONAL PARKSERVICE REGULATIONS\n36 CFR Chapter I\nExcluding parts 3 and 6–199\nPART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS§1.1 Purpose §1.2 Applicability and Scope §1.3 Penalties \nExcluding paragraphs (b) and (c) \n§1.4 Definitions \nExcluding paragraph (b) \n§1.5 Closures and public use limits §1.6 Permits §1.7 Public Notice §1.8 Information Collection §1.10 Symbolic SignsPART 2 RESOURCE PROTECTION, PUB-LIC USE AND RECREATION \nExcluding §§2.3, 2.16, 2.19, 2.60\n§2.1 Preservation of natural and cultural \nand archeological resources \n§2.2 Wildlife Protection \nExcluding paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) \n§2.4 Weapons, traps, and nets \nExcluding paragraph (a)(2) \n§2.5 Research specimens §2.10 Camping and food storage \nExcluding paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), \n(b)(4), (b)(6), (b)(8), and (d) \n§2.11 Picnicking §2.12 Audio Disturbances \nExcluding paragraph (a)(3) \n§2.13 Fires \nExcluding paragraph (c) \n§2.14 Sanitation and refuse \nExcluding paragraphs (a)(7) and (a)(9) \n§2.15 Pets \nExcluding paragraphs (b) and (e) \n§2.17 Aircraft and air delivery \nExcluding paragraph (a)(2) §2.18 Snowmobiles \nExcluding paragraphs (d) and (e) \n§2.20 Skating, skateboards and similar de-\nvices \n§2.21 Smoking \nExcluding paragraph (b) \n§2.22 Property §2.23 Recreation fees \nExcluding paragraph (a) \n§2.30 Misappropriation of property and serv-\nices \n§2.31 Trespassing, tampering and vandalism §2.32 Interfering with agency functions §2.33 Report of injury or damage §2.34 Disorderly conduct §2.35 Alcoholic beverages and controlled \nsubstances \n§2.36 Gambling §2.37 Noncommercial soliciting §2.38 Explosives §2.50 Special events §2.51 Public assemblies, meetings §2.52 Sale or distribution of printed matter §2.61 Residing on Federal lands §2.62 MemorializationPART 4 VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC SAFE-TY §4.1 Applicability and scope §4.2 State law applicable §4.3 Authorized emergency vehicles §4.4 Report of motor vehicle accident §4.10 Travel on park roads and designated \nroutes Excluding paragraph (c)(3) \n§4.11 Load, weight and size limits §4.12 Traffic control devices §4.13 Obstructing traffic §4.14 Open container of alcoholic beverage §4.15 Safety belts §4.20 Right of way §4.21 Speed limits \nExcluding paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3) \n§4.22 Unsafe operation §4.23 Operating under the influence of alco-\nhol or drugs \n§4.30 Bicycles §4.31 HitchhikingPART 5 COMMERCIAL AND PRIVATE OP-ERATIONS \nExcluding §§5.4, 5.9, and 5.10\n§5.1 Advertisements §5.2 Alcoholic beverages; sale of intoxicants \nExcluding paragraph (b) \n§5.3 Business operations §5.5 Commercial photography §5.6 Commercial vehicles §5.7 Construction of buildings or other fa-\ncilities \n§5.8 Discrimination in employment prac-\ntices \n§5.13 Nuisances §5.14 Prospecting, mining, and mineral leas-\ning\nVerDate jul<14>2003 11:06 Aug 11, 2003 Jkt 200134 PO 00000 Frm 00855 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\200134T.XXX 200134T"
} |
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"text": "Department of Pesticide Regulation \n \n \nMary-Ann Warmerdam \nDirector \n \n \nArnold Schwarzenegger \nGovernor \n \n \n \n1001 I Street • P.O. Box 4015 • Sacramento, California 95812-4015 • www.cdpr.ca.gov \nA Department of the California Environmental Protection Agency DEPARTMENT OF PESTICIDE REGULATION \nPESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND EVALUATION COMMITTEE \nMeeting Minutes – January 14, 2010 \n \n \nCommittee Members/Alternates in Attendance : \n \nLynn Baker, Air Resources Board (ARB) \nAnna Fan, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) \nMartha Harnly, Department of Public Health (DPH) \nDavid Luscher, Department of Food and Agriculture \nStella McMillin, Department of Fish and Game (DFG) \nAnn Prichard, Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) \nRebecca Sisco, University of California, IR-4 Program \nPatti Tenbrook, U.S. EPA Protection Agency, Region 9 \nElena Yates, Integrated Wast e Management Board (CIWMB) \n \nVisitors in Attendance : \n \nBrian Bret, DowAgrosciences \nNasser Dean, Western Plant H ealth Association (WPHA) \nBilly Gaither, Pest Control Operators of California \nAnne Downs, DPR \nDave Duncan, DPR \nAmy Duran, DPR \nRoberta Firoved, Calif ornia Rice Commission \nTerry Gage, California Appli cants’ Attorneys Association \nAnne Katten, California Rura l Legal Assistance Foundation \nDennis Kelly, Syngenta Crop Protection \nKyle Lawson, Lawson and Associates \nArtie Lawyer, Technology Sciences Group \nMarshall Lee, DPR \nEileen Mahoney, DPR \nJeanne Martin, DPR \nGabrielle Meindl, Environmental Solutions Group \nDoug Okumura, Lawson and Associates \nDaniel Oros, DPR \nEric Paulsen, Clark Pest Control \nRenee Pinel, Western Plant Health Association \nJay Schreider, DPR \nRandy Segawa, DPR \nPam Wofford, DPR \n \n1. Introductions and Committee Business – Ann Prichard, Acting Chairperson, DPR \n \na. About 24 people attended the meeting. \n Pesticide Registration and Evaluation Committee \nMeeting Minutes – January 14, 2010 Page 2 \nb. No correction to the minutes of the pr evious meeting held on November 18, 2009, was \nidentified. \n \n2. Potential Impacts of Pesticide Use Injunction s on Pesticide Use and the Protection of \nEndangered Species - Polo Moreno, DPR \n \nOver the last 6 years, three separate pesticide use injunctions have resulted from litigation between the U.S. Environmental Protecti on Agency (U.S. EPA) and environmental \nadvocacy groups such as Californians Against Toxic Substances (CATS), Washington Toxics Coalition and the Center for Biological Diversity. \n \nThe first injunction was put into place in Fe bruary of 2004, and is known as the “Salmonid \nInjunction.” It resulted from a lawsuit by environmental and fishery groups alleging that \nU.S. EPA failed to solicit National Marine Fi sheries Service (NMFS) formal consultation \non the risks from 38 pesticides to 26 distin ct populations of Chinook salmon, Coho Salmon \nand Steelhead. This injunction imposes prohibi tions on the use of 38 active ingredients, \n100 yards by air and 20 yards by ground from Sa lmon Supporting Waters. It also requires \nU.S. EPA to consult with NMFS on the potentia l hazards posed by the 38 active ingredients \nto Salmon populations. The first round of cons ultations in 2008 resulted in a Biological \nOpinion for chlorpyrifos, diazinon and malathio n. The Department of Pesticide Regulation \n(DPR) expressed disagreement with the Bi ological Opinion and posted comments to the \npublic docket. The Biological Opinion proposed buffers of 500 feet for ground applications \nand 1000 feet for aerial applica tions. Additionally, it imposes requirements for fish kill \nreporting, runoff prevention measures and environmental monitoring. In response, \nU.S. EPA decided to impose variable buffers depending on application rate + droplet size + \nsize of adjacent body of water. Nevertheless, fo r aerial applications th e resulting buffers are \nstill almost 1000 feet. For ground applications, the resulting buffers can be a minimum of \n100 feet. \n \nIn November of 2009, U.S EPA submitted 40 draf t California Bulletins for chlorpyrifos, \ndiazinon and malathion. The bulletins were reviewed by DPR’s Endangered Species \nProgram staff and comments sent to U.S. EP A. In January of 2010, U.S. EPA submitted the \nrevised bulletins, including a test version of an applicati on intended to he lp pesticide \napplicators calculate the corre sponding buffer for their intend ed application rate, droplet \nsize and body of water adjacent to the applicat ion site. Once these bu lletins are finalized, \nthey will be posted on U.S. EP A’s Bulletins Live Web site at \n<http://137.227.242.131/espp_front/view.jsp >. U.S. EPA is asking registrants of \nchlorpyrifos, diazinon and malath ion to voluntarily modify labels of pesticides containing \nthese active ingredients and refer users to the Bulletins Live Web site in order to find out \nwhich buffer size applies to the product they intend to apply. Registrants will be granted Pesticide Registration and Evaluation Committee \nMeeting Minutes – January 14, 2010 Page 3 \n18-months to generate new labels or update existing product. If the re gistrants do not agree \nto modify their product labels, they face cancellation proceedings. The use limitations \nimposed by the bulletins will be voluntary until product labels are modified. \n \nThe second injunction is known as the “Stipulat ed Injunction and Order for Protection of \nCalifornia Red-Legged Frog.” Effective on Oct ober 20, 2006, the lawsuit by the Center for \nBiological Diversity alleged that U.S. EPA failed to solicit U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS) formal consultation on the risks from 66 pesticides to California red-legged frog. It \nimposes prohibitions for use of 66 active i ngredients - 200 feet by air, and 60 feet by \nground from California red-legged frog’s a quatic and upland habitats occurring in \n33 counties. As with the Salmonid injunction, the Ninth District Cour t in Seattle ordered \nU.S. EPA to initiate formal consultations with the FWS, and schedule it in such a way that \nit can be completed in approximately 5 year s. Since 2007, U.S. EPA has been working on \neffects determinations for all 66 active ingredients included in this injunction. They are \nconcurrently submitting them to the US Fish & Wildlife Service for their analysis and expected Biological Opinions. \n \nThe third and latest injunction has not yet been finalized. It is still in draft form, but is \nreferred to as the “Bay Area Stipulated Injunc tion and Proposed Order.” This lawsuit by the \nCenter for Biological Diversity charges U.S. EPA with failure to consult with FWS on the \nrisks from 74 active ingredients to 11 listed species in the San Francisco Bay Area. Eight \ncounties are affected: Alameda, Contra Co sta, Marin, Napa, San Mateo, Santa Clara, \nSolano and Sonoma. In its draft form, the inju nction imposes different “no-use” buffers for \nsome of the 74 active ingredients, depending on the type of species. The species included \nare: Alameda whipsnake, Bay checkerspot bu tterfly, California clappe r rail, California \nfreshwater shrimp, California tiger salamander, Delta smelt, salt marsh harvest mouse, San \nFrancisco garter snake, San Joaquin kit fox, tidewater goby and Valley elderberry longhorn \nbeetle. The buffers imposed by this injunc tion range from 100 to 700 feet for ground \napplications, and from 200 to 700 feet for aerial applications. \n \nDuring the public comment period, DPR reco mmended U.S. EPA replace the proposed \ninterim buffer zones with use limitations specified in our WEB-based database \nPRESCRIBE located at < www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/endspec/prescint.htm >. U.S. EPA \ncompleted their review of public comments and expects the finalized injunction to include \nminor modifications, and sent to court with request to enter it by the end of January 2010. \nWhen the final injunction is published, DPR will be posting all maps of the affected \ncounties and species included in each, and rela ted materials on the Endangered Species \nProgram section of our Web site at < http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/endspec/index.htm > \n \n \n \n Pesticide Registration and Evaluation Committee \nMeeting Minutes – January 14, 2010 Page 4 \nAll these injunctions share some common denominators: \n \n1) They have resulted from the lack of consultation by U.S. EPA on the effects of \n“pesticide x” on “species y” with the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS) or National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). \n2) They impose a consultation schedule betw een U.S. EPA and FWS or NMFS, typically \n4 to 6 years minimum. \n3) Public vector control and invasive weed control programs are exempt. However, in the \ncase of the Salmonid Injunction, the use lim itations resulting from consultation on \nchlorpyrifos, diazinon and malathion do not provide exemptions for vector control or invasive weed control programs. \n4) They can only be enforced through citizen lawsuits. Federal, State, County and other \nlocal authorities are “vacat ed’ from enforcing them. \n5) As products go through consultation, if d eemed “not likely to adversely affect” a \nspecies they will be take n off the injunction list. \n6) If deemed “likely to adversely affect” a species, U.S. EPA may impose restrictions to \nbe enforced through labeling, as is the cas e of chlorpyrifos, diazinon and malathion. \n \nThis process is very contentious. It also affects DPR, since each injunction comes with its own set of buffers and species. DPR’s comprehensive, programmatic approach to \nprotection of endangered species is being impacted by the mu ltitude of injunctions and \ntheir litigation-derived buffers. Also, the im position of court-ordered absolute buffers \ndiscourages good land stewardship efforts. Growers, who in previous years might have \nmanaged their fields to include field-edge ve getation cover, hedgerows, etc., now see their \nhabitat enhancement efforts as a potential liability if listed species move in. Under these \ninjunctions -even with exemptions- some inva sive weed programs are still facing no-use \nzones that become refuges for noxious weeds like Arundo sp. Furthermore, since the lists \nof active ingredients included in these injunctions include many well-known active \ningredients, pesticide applicators might seek other products not include d in the “hit list,” \nsome of which might be worse than the ones included in the injunction. \n \nOn October 15, 2009, the Center for Biological Diversity filed a Notice of Intent to sue \nU.S. EPA for additional species in the San Francisco Bay-Delt a Area and the registration of \ndifethialone and difenacoum and potential impacts on San Joaquin kit fox, salt marsh \nharvest mouse, and Alameda whip snake. \n \n3. Update on U.S. EPA Activities: Fi eld Volatility, Inerts and Spray Drift - Dr. Patti \nTenBrook, U.S. EPA, Region 9 \n \nPatti TenBrook presented an update on recent pesticide activities at U.S. EPA. She \ndiscussed; 1) the new public process for re gistration of new chemicals and new uses of \nexisting chemicals; 2) the draft Pesticide Re gistration Notice on spray drift; 3) a petition Pesticide Registration and Evaluation Committee \nMeeting Minutes – January 14, 2010 Page 5 \nreceived by EPA regarding prot ection of children from spray drift; 4) the Advanced Notice \nof Proposed Rulemaking on pesticide inert ingredients; 5) harm onization of effects \nassessment methodologies between the Office of Pesticide Program s and the Office of \nWater; 6) proposed revisions to risk asse ssment approaches for workers, children of \nworkers, and pesticides with no food uses; a nd 7) consideration of field volatilization of \npesticides in risk assessments. \n \n4. Air Monitoring Network – Randy Segawa \n \nDPR plans to set up a network to sample ambient air for multiple pesticides in several communities on a regular schedule, over the next five years. DPR will use data gathered to \nevaluate and improve protective measures ag ainst pesticide exposur e. The project is \nexpected to begin later this year. Additional information is available on DPR’s Web site at: \n<http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/emon/airinit/air_network.htm >. \n \nDPR proposes to sample one location in each community, collecting one or two 24-hour \nsamples each week. Collecting two samples per week will provide a more robust estimate of exposure, but fewer pesticides and/or co mmunities would be monitored. DPR provided a \nlist of 25 to 34 pesticides it proposes to in clude. The more pesticides included in the \nmonitoring, the fewer samples collected a nd/or communities would be monitored. DPR \ndescribed its method to select 13 candidate co mmunities. DPR proposes to select 2 to 5 of \nthese communities for monitoring. The more communities included, the fewer samples and/or pesticides will be monitored. \n \nDPR received written comments earlier fr om ARB and U.S. EPA. Other committee \nmembers provided comments at the meeting, but there was no consensus on any of the \nissues. Key suggestions included a request to monitor chlorthal-dimethyl, evaluate time \ntrends of pesticide use for the candidate communities, and consider monitoring two \ncommunities for several years but a third community would change each year. \n \n5. Public Comment \n \nNone received. \n \n6. Agenda Items for Next Meeting \n \nLynn Baker suggested that the fumigant active ingredient methyl iodide be a topic for a \nPREC meeting, when DPR reaches a regist ration decision regarding the chemical. \n \nMartha Harnly suggested that as climate change occurs there will be more pests leading to an increase in pesticide usage. Martha wanted to know if anyone at DPR was aware of the \nissue. Pesticide Registration and Evaluation Committee \nMeeting Minutes – January 14, 2010 Page 6 \nMartha Harnly suggested that Patti Tenbrook return to the PREC, once USEPA receives \ncomments in response to its notic es on field volatility, inerts a nd spray drift, and give the \nCommittee a summary of the comments received. \n \nThe next meeting will be held on Thursda y, March 18, 2010, in the Si erra Hearing Room \non the second floor of the Cal/EPA build ing, located at 1001 I Street, Sacramento, \nCalifornia. \n \n7. Adjourn "
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "HCPCI34AEBKDUFDP442OTOL2AUGIG3BJ.pdf",
"text": "Flammability And Mechanical Properties Of Polymer Composites \nR.N. Walters and R.E. Lyon, FAA \nThe flammability and flexural strength of fibe r-reinforced thermoset resin structural composites \nfor use in aircraft and Navy ships were eval uated. Several different commercial and high \nperformance resins as well as a toughened aerospace composite were tested. Processing \ncharacteristics, thermal stability, and flammab ility of the neat resins were measured using \nrheometry, thermogravimetry, and pyrolysis -combustion flow calorimetry, respectively. \nStructural laminates were made from liquid resins and woven glass fabric by vacuum-assisted \nresin transfer molding (VARTM). Single-layer specimens (lamina) for flammability testing were prepared by hand lay-up. Mechani cal properties of the laminates were measured in three-point \nbending according to ASTM-D790. Fire behavior of the lamina and laminates was measured in the OSU and cone calorimeters according to Fe deral Aviation Regulation FAR 25.853(a-1) and \nmilitary standard MIL-STD-2031. Results for the flammability and mechanical properties of these composites will be presented. \n "
} |
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"pdf_file": "PF723CIBZRC6AIJQB6TLTUEH337JMWP6.pdf",
"text": "page 1 of 7 Thu Jun 16 10:49:49 EDT 2011 010100010000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nAlbany City School District for 2007-08\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nSpecial Education School District Data Profile for 2007-08\nThe Special Education School District Data Profile is prepared in accordance with the requirement of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Each State must have \na State Performance Plan (SPP) to evaluate the State's efforts to meet the requirements and purposes of the implementation of IDEA. The SPP is a six-year plan which describes \nNew York State's performance on 20 indicators. States must report annually to the public on the performance of the State in an Annual Performance Report (APR) and each \nschool district against the State's targets. New York State's SPP and the APR that describe these indicators in detail are available at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/specialed/spp/.\nThe following report reflects only quantifiable data collected by the State. Since performance of a school district in any indicator may be the result of unique circumstances within \na district, readers are encouraged to consider information provided by the district's administration in interpreting these data.\nEnrollment and Classification Rate\n 2007-08\nEnrollment of school-age students with disabilities on December 3 1,921\nDistrict enrollment (public and nonpublic school-age students - with and without disabilities) on the first Wednesday \nin October13,154\nSpecial education classification rate 14.6%\nEnrollment of preschool students with disabilities on December 1 167\nIndicator 1: Graduation Rate of Students with Disabilities\n 2007-08\n(2004 Total Cohort four years later as \nof June 30, 2008)2007-08\n(2003 Total Cohort five years later as \nof June 30, 2008)\nNumber of students with disabilities who first entered 9th grade anywhere (or \nif ungraded, became 17 years old) in 2004-05129 \nNumber of students with disabilities who first entered 9th grade anywhere (or \nif ungraded, became 17 years old) in 2003-04 88\nGraduation rate 24% 39.8%\nState target for 2007-08 38% or higher No State Target\nMeets State target? No Not Applicable page 2 of 7 Thu Jun 16 10:49:49 EDT 2011 010100010000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nAlbany City School District for 2007-08\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 2: Drop-Out Rate of Students with Disabilities\n 2007-08\n(2004 Total Cohort as of June 30, 2008)\nNumber of students with disabilities who first entered 9th grade anywhere (or if ungraded, became 17 years old) in \n2004-05 school year129\nDrop-out rate after four years 7.8%\nState target for 2007-08 19% or lower\nMeets State target? Yes\nIndicator 3: State Assessments\nParticipation in State Assessments2007-08\nGrades\n3-8\nEnglish Language \nArts (ELA)Grades\n3-8\nMathHigh School\nEnglish Language \nArts (ELA)High School\nMath\nEnrollment of students with disabilities for participation rate 865 866 126 126\nParticipation rate 96% 96% 89% 90%\nState target for 2007-08 95% 95% 95% 95%\nMeets State target? Yes Yes No No\nPerformance on State Assessments and Adequate Yearly Progress \n(AYP)2007-08\nGrades\n3-8\nEnglish Language \nArts (ELA)Grades\n3-8\nMathHigh School\nEnglish Language \nArts (ELA)High School\nMath\nEnrollment of students with disabilities for performance \naccountability798 777 110 110\nScore on performance index 88 95 57 89\nState target for 2007-08 101 110 124 134\nMeets State target? No No No No\nMade AYP? Yes Yes No No page 3 of 7 Thu Jun 16 10:49:49 EDT 2011 010100010000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nAlbany City School District for 2007-08\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 4: Suspensions/Expulsions\nLong-term Suspension Rate 2007-08\nNumber of students with disabilities suspended out-of-school for more than 10 days 95\nNumber of students with disabilities enrolled on December 3 1,921\nPercent of students with disabilities suspended out-of-school for more than 10 days 4.9%\nState target for 2007-08 2.7% or lower\nMeets State target? No\nIndicator 5: School-age Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)\n 2007-2008\nNumber of students with disabilities ages \n6-21 on December 31,843\n Percent of students with disabilities in general \neducation program for:In\nseparate\nschools / facilitiesIn\nOther\nSettings80% or\nmore of\nthe day40 to 79%\nof the dayLess than\n40% of\nthe day\nPercent of students ages 6-21 in each setting 44.2% 1% 41.6% 9.7% 3.6%\nState target for 2007-08 More than 53.1% No State Target Less than 24.6% Less than 6.8% No State Target\nMeets State target? NoNot Applicable No No Not Applicable\nIndicator 6: Preschool Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)\nThe data for this indicator are not presented because the LRE reporting categories for preschool children with disabilities are under review by the United States Department of \nEducation. page 4 of 7 Thu Jun 16 10:49:49 EDT 2011 010100010000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nAlbany City School District for 2007-08\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 7: Preschool Outcomes\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sedcar/data.htm#subschedule for the school year in which this school district \nwill report data for this indicator.\n 2007-08\nPositive\nSocial - Emotional \nSkillsAcquisition and \nUse of Knowledge \n& SkillsUse of\nAppropriate Behaviors\nto Meet\ntheir Needs\nNumber of preschool students with disabilities evaluated for progress between entry into \npreschool special education and exit from preschool special education\nPercent of preschool students with disabilities who demonstrate improvement\nState target for 2007-08 To Be Established To Be Established To Be Established\nMeets State target?\nIndicator 8: Parental Involvement\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sedcar/data.htm#subschedule for the school year in which this school district \nwill report data for this indicator.\n 2007-08\nNumber of completed parent surveys returned 132\nPercent of parents who reported that schools facilitated parent involvement to improve services and results for \nstudents with disabilities95.5%\nState target for 2007-08 87.5% or higher\nMeets State target? Yes\nIndicator 9: Disproportionality - Identification for Special Education\n 2007-08\nDid the school district have disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in special education and \nrelated services that was the result of inappropriate policies, practices and procedures?No\nState target for 2007-08No school districts will have disproportionality \nthat is the result of inappropriate policies, \npractices and procedures.\nMeets State target? Yes\nDate the district reported correction of noncompliance for this indicator if it did not meet the State target Not Applicable page 5 of 7 Thu Jun 16 10:49:49 EDT 2011 010100010000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nAlbany City School District for 2007-08\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 10A: Disproportionality in Specific Disability Categories\n 2007-08\nDid the school district have disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in specific disability categories \nthat was the result of inappropriate policies, practices and procedures?No\nState target for 2007-08No school districts will have disproportionality \nthat is the result of inappropriate policies, \npractices and procedures.\nMeets State target? Yes\nDate the district reported correction of noncompliance for this indicator if it did not meet the State target Not Applicable\nIndicator 10B: Disproportionality in Special Education Placements\n 2007-08\nDid the school district have disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in particular settings that was \nthe result of inappropriate policies, practices and procedures?No\nState target for 2007-08No school districts will have disproportionality \nthat is the result of inappropriate policies, \npractices and procedures.\nMeets State target? Yes\nDate the district reported correction of noncompliance for this indicator if it did not meet the State target Not Applicable\nIndicator 11: Timely Evaluations (Child Find)\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sedcar/data.htm#subschedule for the school year in which this school district \nwill report data for this indicator.\n 2007-08\nPreschool School-age\nNumber of students for whom parental consent to evaluate was received (July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008)\nNumber of students whose evaluations were completed within the State established timeline\nNumber of children whose evaluations were not completed within State established time lines, but for reasons that \nare considered to be in compliance with State requirements\nCompliance Rate [Line 2 divided by (Line 1 minus Line 3)*100]\nState target for 2007-08 100% 100%\nMeets State target? page 6 of 7 Thu Jun 16 10:49:49 EDT 2011 010100010000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nAlbany City School District for 2007-08\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 12: Early Childhood Transition\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sedcar/data.htm#subschedule for the school year in which this school district \nwill report data for this indicator.\n 2007-08\nNumber of children who were served in Part C and referred to Part B for eligibility determination\nNumber of those referred determined to be NOT eligible and whose eligibilities were determined prior to their third \nbirthday\nNumber of those found eligible who had an IEP developed and implemented by their third birthday\nNumber of children for whom delays in determination of eligibility or delays in implementing the IEP were caused by \nreasons that are in \"in compliance\" with State requirements\nCompliance Rate [Line 3 divided by (Line 1 minus Line 2 minus Line 4) *100]\nState target for 2007-08 100%\nMeets State target?\nIndicator 13: Secondary Transition\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sedcar/data.htm#subschedule for the school year in which this school district \nwill report data for this indicator.\n 2007-08\nNumber of IEPs reviewed for students ages 15 and above\nPercent of IEPs of students ages 15 and above that include coordinated, measurable, annual IEP goals and transition \nservices that will reasonably enable the student to meet the post-secondary goals\nState target for 2007-08 100%\nMeets State target?\nDate the district reported correction of noncompliance for this indicator page 7 of 7 Thu Jun 16 10:49:49 EDT 2011 010100010000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nAlbany City School District for 2007-08\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 14: Post-School Outcomes\nData for this indicator will be posted beginning June 2008, in accordance with the schedule posted at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sedcar/data.htm#subschedule.\n 2007-08\nNumber of students interviewed to assess post-school outcomes one year after leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and who have been enrolled in some type of \npost-secondary school AND have been competitively employed within one year of leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and who have been enrolled in some type of \npost-secondary school within one year of leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and have been competitively employed within \none year of leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and who have been enrolled in some type of \npost-secondary school, have been competitively employed, or both, within one year of leaving high school (sum of \nthe three percentages above)\nState target for 2007-08 92%\nMeets State target?"
} |
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"text": " 1 The information and analysis provided in this report are for the purpose of this report only. \nNothing in this report should be construed to indicate how the Commission would find in an\ninvestigation conducted under statutory authority covering the same or similar subject matter.\niPREFACE\nIn 1991 the United States International Trade Commission initiated its current Industry and\nTrade Summary series of informational reports on the thousands of products imported into\nand exported from the United States. Each summary addresses a different\ncommodity/industry area and contains information on product uses, U.S. and foreign\nproducers, and customs treatment. Also included is an analysis of the basic factors affecting\ntrends in consumption, production, and trade of the commodity, as well as those bearing on\nthe competitiveness of U.S. industries in domestic and foreign markets.1\nThis report on explosives, propellant powders, and related items covers the period 1992-96.\nListed below are the individual summary reports published to date on the energy, chemicals,\nand textiles sectors.\nUSITC\npublication Publication\nnumber date Title\nChemicals:\n2458 November 1991 ..... Soaps, Detergents, and Surface-Active Agents\n2509 May 1992 .......... Inorganic Acids\n2548 August 1992 ........ Paints, Inks, and Related Items\n2578 November 1992 ..... Crude Petroleum \n2588 December 1992 ...... Major Primary Olefins\n2590 February 1993 ...... Polyethylene Resins in Primary Forms\n2598 March 1993 ........ Perfumes, Cosmetics, and Toiletries\n2736 February 1994 ...... Antibiotics\n2739 February 1994 ...... Pneumatic Tires and Tubes\n2741 February 1994 ...... Natural Rubber\n2743 February 1994 ...... Saturated Polyester Resins in Primary Forms\n2747 March 1994 ........ Fatty Chemicals\n2750 March 1994 ........ Pesticide Products and Formulations\n2823 October 1994 ....... Primary Aromatics\n2826 November 1994 ..... Polypropylene Resins in Primary Forms\n2845 March 1994 ........ Polyvinyl Chloride Resins in Primary Forms\n2846 December 1994 ...... Medicinal Chemicals, except Antibiotics\n2866 March 1995 ........ Hose, Belting, and Plastic Pipe\n2943 December 1995 ...... Uranium and Nuclear Fuel\n2945 January 1996 ....... Coal, Coke, and Related Chemical Products\n3014 February 1997 ...... Synthetic Rubber iiPREFACE —Continued\nUSITC\npublication Publication\nnumber date Title\n3021 February 1997 ...... Synthetic Organic Pigments\n3081 March 1998 ........ Explosives, Propellant Powders, and Related\n Items\nTextiles and apparel:\n2543 August 1992 ........ Nonwoven Fabrics\n2580 December 1992 ...... Gloves\n2642 June 1993 .......... Yarn\n2695 November 1993 ..... Carpets and Rugs\n2702 November 1993 ..... Fur Goods\n2703 November 1993 ..... Coated Fabrics\n2735 February 1994 ...... Knit Fabric\n2841 December 1994 ...... Cordage\n2853 January 1995 ....... Apparel\n2874 April 1995 ......... Manmade Fibers iiiCONTENTS\nPage\nPreface ................................................................ i\nAbstract .............................................................. 1\nIntroduction ......................................................... 3\nU.S. industry profile ............................................... 5\nIndustry structure ...................................................... 5\nManufacturing methods .................................................. 7\nRegulatory factors ...................................................... 8\nU.S. market .......................................................... 8\nConsumer characteristics and factors affecting demand .......................... 8\nConsumption .......................................................... 9\nProduction ............................................................ 11\nU.S. trade ........................................................ 12\nOverview ............................................................ 12\nU.S. imports .......................................................... 12\nPrincipal suppliers and import levels ..................................... 12\nU.S. trade measures ................................................. 15\nTariff and nontariff measures ....................................... 15\nU.S. Government trade-related investigations ............................ 16\nU.S. exports .......................................................... 16\nPrincipal markets and export levels ...................................... 16\nForeign trade measures ............................................... 17\nForeign industry profile ....................................... 19 ivCONTENTS— Continued\nPage\nAppendix A .......................................................... A-1\nExplanation of tariff and trade agreement terms\nFigures\n1. Explosives, propellant powders, and related items: Structure of the U.S. industry ...... 6\n2. Explosives, propellant powders, and related items: U.S. shipments, exports, imports for\n consumption, and apparent consumption, 1992-96 ......................... 10\nTables\n1. Explosives, propellant powders, and related items: U.S. shipments, exports of domestic\nmerchandise, imports for consumption, and apparent consumption, 1992-96 ....... 9\n2. Explosives, propellant powders, and related items: U.S. exports of domestic merchandise, \nimports for consumption, and merchandise trade balance, by selected countries and \ncountry groups, 1992-1996 ............................................ 13\n3. Explosives, propellant powders, and related items: Harmonized Tariff Schedule \nsubheading; description; U.S. col. 1 rate of duty as of Jan. 1, 1997; U.S. exports, 1996; \nand U.S. imports, 1996 ............................................... 14\n4. Explosives, propellant powders, and related items: U.S. imports for consumption by \nprincipal sources, 1992-1996 .......................................... 15\n5. Explosives, propellant powders, and related items: U.S. exports \nto principal markets, 1992-1996 ........................................ 17\n6. Explosives, propellant powders, and related items: Harmonized Tariff Schedule subheading;\ndescription; and 1996 rates of duty charged by the listed countries on U.S. exports \nto that country ...................................................... 18 1 Products of this type which are manufactured for use by the U.S. military are made in\nGovernment-owned, contractor-operated facilities and are not generally considered articles of\ncommercial trade.\n 2 Based on unrounded numbers.\n 3 This is the material believed to have been used in the bombings of the World Trade Center\nin New York City and the Federal Building in Oklahoma City. The New York Times , Apr. 20,\n1995, pp. 1 and 5.\n3INTRODUCTION\nThis summary of industry and trade information addresses explosives, propellant powders,\nand related items. Data and information are presented for the period 1992 through 1996. The\nsummary is organized into four main sections: U.S. industry profile, U.S. market, U.S. trade,\nand foreign industry profile. The U.S. industry profile section describes the industry\nstructure, manufacturing methods, and regulatory factors. The U.S. market section provides\ninformation on domestic consumption and production of these products and consumer\ncharacterist ics and factors affecting demand. The segment on U.S. trade includes data on\nU.S. import and export levels, the trade balance, principal suppliers, and U.S. and foreign\ntrade measures. The foreign industry profile section provides information on major world\nmanufacturers of these products. In addition, an appendix provides an explanation of current\ntariff and trade agreements terms used in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States\n(HTS). The products and data covered herein do not include those products intended for use\nby the U.S. military establishment.1\nDomestic shipments of the products covered in this summary — explosives, propellant\npowders, and related items — increased by about 12.8 percent2 from less than $1.5 billion in\n1992 to nearly $1.7 billion by the end of 1994. After decreasing to about $1.6 billion in 1995,\nsales rose to almost $1.8 billion in 1996. This represents an average annual increase during\n1992-96 of about 4.9 percent.\nAll of the products covered in this summary are explosive or rapid-burning products that\nutilize the heat, pressure, and/or light generated in their application to accomplish their desired\nfunction. These groupings encompass a wide variety of products, including prepared\nexplosives such as dynamite, trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN),\nazides, and other high explosives; propellant powders such as black powder, smokeless\npowders, certain rocket fuels, and the like; fuses and detonators; fireworks; matches; signal\nflares and other signaling devices; spark-producing metal alloys; and a number of other\npyrotechnic articles. These products are manufactured using a variety of physical and\nchemical processes incorporating a number of raw materials into the final product. They are\nprincipally used in commercial and industrial applications in mining, quarrying, well drilling,\nconstru ction and demolition industries, agriculture, and a number of metal working and\nmetallurgical applications. In addition, many products (e.g., dynamite, smokeless powder,\nblack powder, fireworks, flares, signaling devices, cigarette lighter flints, matches, and many\nothers) are also used by private consumers.\nAmmonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO) blasting agents3 represent the largest industrial explosive\nmanufactured (in terms of quantity) in the United States. This product is used primarily in 4 This product does produce a small amount of smoke.\n4mining and quarrying operations. The components are generally mixed at or near the point\nof use for safety reasons. The mixed product is relatively safe and easily handled and can be\npoured into drill holes in the mass or object to be blasted. \nDynamites and other prepared high explosives are also used in mining and quarrying\noperations, as well as in construction, land clearing for agricultural use, and demolition\noperations. They are usually shipped packaged in a finished condition and do not require\nadditional mixing at the point of use. They are generally safe to handle and ship when\nreasonable care is taken to avoid exposure to excess heat or shock. In use, a blasting cap,\nelectric detonator, or some other type of initiator is generally needed to fire these types of high\nexplosives. The largest sources of U.S. imports of these products are Canada and Sweden,\nwhile Saudi Arabia, Canada, and Venezuela are the principal markets for U.S. exports.\nPropellant powders include principally smokeless powder and black powder. Smokeless\npowder4 is usually nitrocellulose with a nitrogen content of about 13.1 percent. The\nnitrocellulose is made into a dough using an alcohol-ether mixture. Various plasticizers and\nother modifiers are sometimes added in small amounts. The product is primarily used in\nammunition for sporting rifles, pistols, and shotguns. Some is also used in fireworks and\nother pyrotechnic articles. Black powder is a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and\nsulfur. It is used in black powder firearms and certain blasting operations. The amount of\nsmoke produced is very high relative to that of smokeless powder. The largest source of U.S.\nimports of these products is Canada, while Israel, Canada, and Mexico are the main markets\nfor U.S. exports.\nFireworks are made using a variety of methods and each type is designed to produce specific\neffects. The effects are a combination of the light and/or sound produced by the combustion\nof the explosive and various other ingredients. The combustion is usually initiated by the\napplication of a heat source. Fireworks accounted for the largest part of U.S. imports of\nexplosives materials (about 41 percent by value) in 1996. Most of the U.S. imports of these\nproducts (mainly fireworks) come from China.\nMatches are pyrotechnic articles manufactured by coating one end of a paper or wooden stick\nwith a combustible compound consisting principally of phosphorus. The compound is\ndesigned to ignite when a certain level of heat is supplied by friction in the process of striking.\nThere are a variety of sizes and types of matches. Wooden stemmed matches, used primarily\nto light fires in fireplaces, stoves, etc., are packaged and sold in boxes or tubes. Paper\nstemmed matches are generally packaged in books. Since the covers of these books are often\nused as advertisements, many book matches are given away as promotional items. The major\nuse of book matches is in the igniting of tobacco products. Canada, Japan, and Sweden\nsupply the majority of U.S. imports of these products, while Canada is the destination for\nmost U.S. exports. 5 The U.S. Geological Survey now publishes the Mineral Industries Surveys and certain other\ndocuments that had formerly been published by the now defunct U.S. Bureau of Mines.\n 6 Based on interviews with industry sources.\n5U.S. INDUSTRY PROFILE\nIndustry Structure\nThe raw materials, producer types, and principal consumers of the U.S. industry segment\nwhich includes explosives, propellant powders, and related items are shown in figure 1. The\nproducts addressed in this summary are classified in Standard Industrial Classification Code\n(SIC) number 2892 - Explosives; parts of SIC numbers 2899 - Miscellaneous Chemicals and\nChemical Preparations, Not Elsewhere Classified; and 3999 - Miscellaneous Manufacturing\nIndustries, Not Elsewhere Classified. These products are manufactured domestically by\napproximately 100 firms which operate about 150 to 160 manufacturing facilities. These\nfirms range from subsidiaries of large multinational conglomerates to small firms employing\nonly 1 to 3 persons. Firms which employ 100 or fewer persons account for 75 to 85 percent\nof the total number of firms in this industry, and firms which employ 20 or fewer persons\namount to about half. Firms which manufacture explosives, propellant powders, and related\nitems are located in more than 30 states. Texas, California, and Kentucky together contain\nabout 40 of these firms. \nAbout 32 U.S. companies reported domestic production of industrial explosives and blasting\nagents to the U.S. Department of the Interior's U.S. Geological Survey5 during 1996. These\nfirms manufacture dynamite and other prepared explosives, explosive water-based products\n(gels, slurries, and emulsions), and blasting agents based on ammonium nitrate and fuel oil.\nApproximately 25 other domestic companies manufacture fireworks. The rest of the firms in\nthis industry, as well as some of those that primarily make industrial explosives or fireworks,\nmanufacture initiating devices (e.g., blasting caps, fuses) and various other pyrotechnic and\npyrophoric products (e.g., flares, rain rockets, matches).\nIndustry analysts indicate that this industry, for the most part, is not highly integrated. The\ncompanies buy most of the input materials used in the manufacture of their products from\nnon-related sources. These companies generally market their products directly to the final\nconsumer or to distributors who sell to the final consumer, although there are some products\n(e.g., fireworks, flares, black powder) which can pass through several layers of distribution\nbefore reaching the final consumer. The products of this industry are usually sold on a bid\nor spot basis. Although annual or longer-term contracts are not unknown in this industry,\nsuch contracts tend not to be the norm.6 6Figure 1\nExplosives, propellant powders, and related items: Structure of the U.S. industry\nRAW MATERIALS PRODUCTS CONSUMERS\nChemicals\nAmmonia\nCarbon (powdered, small grains)\nCellulose and cellulose\n derivatives\nGlycerine\nNitric acid and nitrate salts\nPotassium, copper, and\n strontium salts\nPowdered metals (e.g., copper,\n iron, aluminum, magnesium,\n strontium)\nPhosphorus, phosphoric acid,\n and phosphorus salts\nSulfur, sulfuric acid, and sulfate\n salts\nToluene\nOther Raw Materials\nPaper containers, packing, and\n other paper products\nPlastic containers, sheet, \n packing, tubes, and tubing\nString\nWater\nWax\nWire and rods\nWood products (e.g., sawdust,\n sticks, dowels)Propellant Powders\nBlack powder, gunpowder,\n smokeless powder\nPrepared Explosives\nDynamites, nitroglycerine, water\n gels and slurries, trinitrotoluene\n (TNT), ammonium nitrate - fuel\n oil mixtures (ANFO)\nInitiating Devices\nDetonators, blasting caps, fuses,\n primers, and igniters\nPyrotechnic Articles\nFireworks, torpedoes, rain rockets,\n fog signals, signal flares, smoke\n bombs, and other marking and \n signaling devices\nMatches\nWooden, fireplace, book, safety\nCombustible Materials\nFire starters, ferrocerium and \n other pyrophoric alloys, other\n combustible materialsMining\nCoal mining, metal mining, \n non-metal mineral mining, oil \n and gas exploration and\n recovery\nQuarrying\nGravels and crushed stone, \n blocks, slabs, paving and\n building stones, landscaping\n rocks, monuments\nConstruction\nLand clearing, tunneling, road\n building, structure demolition\nAgriculture\nStump and rock removal, \n ditching, well digging, pond\n building\nMunitions Manufacturing\nAmmunition, blanks, loading kits,\n fastener loads, signaling devices\nRetailers\nGeneral Public\nSource: Compiled by the staff of the U.S. International Trade Commission from various industry and Government\nsources .\nTransportation restrictions on these products, particularly on waterborne shipments, have\nresulted in a large number of firms in this industry being located in many countries. The\ncompanies that make up the U.S. industry generally market their products domestically within\nspecific geographic areas. These companies, most of which are locally owned, tend to serve\nconsumers in their local geographic region. However, significant levels of international trade\ndo exist (i.e., about 15 to 20 percent of domestic production is exported in any given year) and\ncertain products are shipped significant distances. U.S. imports are generally sold by\ndomestic producers who want to broaden their product lines or by distributors who may\nmarket both domestic and imported products. A significant number of U.S. firms are partially\nor completely owned or controlled by foreign firms, and there is at least a moderate level of\nU.S. ownership of foreign firms, although specific information concerning the extent of such\ncross-ownership is not available. 7 Estimates based on the U.S. Department of Commerce’s 1992 Census of Manufactures and\ninterviews with U.S. producers and industry sources.\n 8 Ibid.\n 9 Ibid.\n 10 Ibid.\n7The estimated total employment in this industry is in the range of 13,000 to 14,000 people,\nabout two-thirds of whom are production workers.7 The skill level of these production\nworkers is considered by industry analysts8 to be moderate and, overall, this industry is\nconsidered to be labor intensive. During 1992-96, the output per production worker hour\n(productivity) is estimated to have increased slightly. Wage rates for production workers in\nthis industry are estimated by industry analysts9 to have increased by about 3 to 5 percent\nannually during the same period, from estimated average hourly earnings of about $14.12 in\n1992 to about $16.71 in 1996. Many of the production workers in this industry are employed\non a seasonal basis, particularly those workers employed in the manufacture of certain\nfireworks. Payroll is estimated by industry observers10 to amount to about 27 to 30 percent\nof the value of shipments; raw material costs are estimated to account for about 32 to 36\npercent of sales; other production costs, general administrative and selling expenses, and\nprofits account for the remainder.\nManufacturing Methods\nThe explosives, propellant powders, initiating devices, fireworks, and other pyrotechnic\nproducts that are described in this summary are manufactured utilizing a variety of chemical\nreactions in facilities ranging in operations from complex automated processes to relatively\nsimple mixing of ingredients at the point of use. While there are a large number of ingredients\nthat could be used to manufacture the products this summary covers, many of them are either\ntoo sensitive to meet safe handling requirements during production, storage, and shipment, or\nthey are too expensive to permit use in the manufacture of a cost-competitive product.\nTherefore, the majority of the products that are covered here are manufactured from a fairly\nsmall number of time-tested and proven materials using well-known and understood processes\nand methods. These ingredients are used in processes that are rigidly controlled to produce\na quality product in a safe production environment. As a result, the safety record for\nproduction workers in this industry compares favorably with that of most chemical industry\nmanufacturing operations. 11 Based on interviews with industry analysts.\n 12 The products and data covered herein do not include explosives, propellant powders, and\nrelated items intended for use by the U.S. military establishment. Products of this type which are\nmanufactured for use by the U.S. military are made in Government-owned, contractor-operated\nfacilities and are not generally considered articles of commercial trade. This summary also does\nnot cover privately manufactured finished munitions of a kind not classified in HTS Chapter 36.\n 13 U.S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Survey , Explosives, prepared by Deborah A.\nKramer (Washington, DC), Aug. 1995, p. 1.\n 14 Ibid.\n8Regulatory Factors\nU.S. producers of the products covered in this summary are privately operated, but are subject\nto a large number of Government regulations under various statutes designed to protect and\nimprove health, safety, and the environment. These regulations influence the industry\nprocesses and production costs, and thus affect business operations and investment decisions.\nMost research and development funds are directed either toward cost-cutting or toward\nregulat ory compliance. This industry must meet many stringent standards and regulations for\nhealth and safety for every facet of the manufacturing, handling, shipping, and storage of these\nproducts. The members of the industry state that they work very closely, both individually\nand through various trade associations, with local, State, and Federal Government agencies\nto ensure the safe manufacture and use of these materials. The principal Federal agencies that\nregulate this industry include the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the U.S.\nBureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, the U.S. Department of Transportation, the\nEnvironmental Protection Agency, and the Consumer Products Safety Commission. According\nto industry trade associations, various State and local governments also impose regulations.\nExamples of Federal laws related to environmental hazards that apply to this industry include\nthe Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, the Clean Air Act, the Resource\nConservation and Recovery Act, and the Superfund legislation.11\nU.S. MARKET\nConsumer Characteristics and Factors Affecting Demand 12\nThe principal consumers are the mining (particularly coal mining) industries, quarrying\noperations, construction firms, and civilian munitions industries.13 Together these markets\nconsume more than 75 percent of all the products of the explosives, propellant powders, and\nrelated items industry segment covered in this summary. Other markets for these products\ninclude the agriculture industry and the general public. The markets for these products are\nnationwide, although the majority of the explosives and related items covered herein are used\nin various mining operations (particularly coal mining operations) in both the eastern and\nwestern mountain regions.14 9The domestic consumers of most explosives, propellant powders, and related items are\ncommercial companies (e.g., mines, quarries, construction companies) which use these\nproducts in their business operations. The domestic demand for these products is principally\nderived from the demand for the mined or quarried raw materials used in power generation\n(coal) and a wide variety of downstream industrial and consumer products (e.g., metals,\npigments, gems, gravel). U.S. industrial demand generally tracks the trends exhibited by the\ngeneral economy. It is most strongly affected by changes in demand for electrical power and\nconstruction. In addition, some products (e.g., fireworks, black powder) are sold directly to\nprivate individuals for such things as stump and rock removal in connection with land\nclearing, holiday celebrations, revolutionary war, civil war, and other war battle reenactments,\nhunting, and other forms of recreational activities. According to industry analysts, the overall\nlevel of demand in this market segment is most affected by changes in the level of disposable\nincome available to the general public.\nConsumption\nThe overall trend for U.S. apparent consumption of explosives, propellant powders, and\nrelated items was generally upward at an estimated average annual rate of about 3 percent\nfrom less than $1.5 billion in 1992 to over 1.6 billion in 1996 (table 1 and figure 2). Demand\nfor these products reflected the average growth trend of the U.S. economy during that period.\nTable 1\nExplosives, propellant powders, and related items: U.S. shipments, exports of domestic\nmerchandise, imports for consumption, and apparent consumption, 1992-96\nApparent Ratio of\nU.S. U.S. U.S. U.S. imports to\nYear shipments exports imports consumption consumption\n)))))))))))))))))))) Million dollars )))))))))))))))))))))))))) Percent\n1992 ..... 1,463 212 216 1,467 14.7\n1993 .....11,522 259 20911,472114.2\n1994 .....11,650 252 19611,594112.3\n1995 .....11,620 250 18711,557112.0\n1996 .....11,765 328 20811,645112.6\n 1 Estimated by the staff of the U.S. International Trade Commission from official statistics of the U.S. Department\nof Commerce, the U.S. Bureau of Mines, and from information supplied by industry analysts.\nSource: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Department of the Interior,\nexcept as noted. 15 U.S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Survey , Explosives, prepared by Deborah A.\nKramer (Washington, DC), Aug. 1995, p. 1.\n 16 Based on interviews with industry analysts.\n10Millions of DollarsFigure 2\nExplosives, propellant powders, and related items: U.S. shipments, exports, imports for\nconsumption, and apparent consumption, 1992-96\nSource: Foreign trade data are compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Other data are\nestimated by the staff of the U.S. International Trade Commission based on official U.S. Government statistics and\ninterviews with industry representatives.\nThe value of U.S. apparent consumption in 1992 was the lowest during the five-year period\nunder discussion. This value, however, despite being about 24 percent lower than the\nprevious year, reflects traditional market levels. In 1991, U.S. apparent consumption of\nexplosives, propellant powders, and related items grew significantly, primarily because of an\nincrease in coal mining in response to the Persian Gulf War in that year. As the cost of crude\npetroleum increased during the Persian Gulf War, many consumers switched from petroleum\nto coal for fuel and power generation. The resulting increased demand for coal and coal\nproducts fueled a corresponding increase in demand for explosives and related items by the\ncoal industry. In addition, because ANFO-based blasting mixtures represent approximately\n98 percent, by weight, of total domestic consumption of all industrial explosives,15 and the\nprice of the fuel oil consumed in the manufacture of these products increased, the price of\nthese products also increased. During 1992, several months after the Gulf War ended, the\nmarket prices of crude petroleum on the world market stabilized and declined somewhat, and\nthe concern about the security and stability of the crude petroleum supply from the Persian\nGulf region abated. As a result, coal production in the U.S. fields fell back closer to their\nnormal levels in 1992, and, in response to these market forces, so did domestic demand for the\ntypes of explosives and related items used by that industry.16 17 Estimated by the staff of the U.S. International Trade Commission from official statistics of\nthe U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Bureau of Mines, and from information supplied by\nindustry analysts.\n 18 Ibid.\n11The market share of U.S. apparent consumption in U.S. dollars accounted for by imports of\nexplosives, propellant powders, and related items during the period covered by this summary\nranged from approximately 12 percent to 15 percent,17 which is consistent with general\nhistorical trends for such imports in this industry.18 The major products imported into the\nUnited States are fireworks, propellant powders, and detonating devices. The imported\nproducts tend to be slightly lower priced than the equivalent domestic products. According\nto industry analysts, in general, there appears to be relatively little difference between many\nof the imported and domestic products with respect to the quality, performance, availability,\nor any of the variety of other characteristics which can affect demand in the domestic\nmarketplace.\nProduction\nThe general trends and overall levels of the value of domestic production of explosives,\npropellant powders, and related items follow closely those of U.S. apparent consumption.\nThese levels are shown in table 1 and figure 2. There are always major concerns for safety\nwhere large amounts of explosives, propellant powders, and related items are stored, and\nmany of these products have relatively short shelf lives. Consequently, manufacturers'\ninventori es of these products tend not to be large and the levels tend to remain relatively\nconstant; as a result, the values shown for U.S. production levels tend to be very similar to the\nvalues shown for domestic shipments. Shipments of explosives, propellant powders, and\nrelated items increased by about 20.6 percent from less than $1.5 billion in 1992 to nearly\n$1.8 billion in 1996, representing an estimated average annual rate of growth in the range of\nabout 4.9 percent. Overall, the factors affecting the values and trends of domestic production\nof explosives, propellant powders, and related items during the period covered by this\nsummary are very similar to those previously discussed that affected the values and trends of\ndomestic apparent consumption. 12U.S. TRADE\nOverview\nTable 2 shows the U.S. trade and trade balances for those countries and country groups with\nthe largest volume of two-way trade in the subject commodities during 1992-96. Overall,\nexcept for 1992, the United States had a positive trade balance in explosives, propellant\npowders, and related items during 1992-96. During 1992, the U.S. trade balance for these\nproducts was slightly negative reflecting relatively high imports from Canada compared with\nthe rest of the period. In 1993-96, substantial positive trade balances were recorded as a\nresult of growing U.S. exports to Canada and Saudi Arabia and declining imports from\nCanada. During 1992-96, on an overall basis, Canada was the most important U.S. partner\nin international trade of these products, accounting for the largest share of U.S. exports, as\nwell as being the second largest supplier of U.S. imports. Canada has eliminated its duties\non U.S. origin imports of these products under the North American Free Trade Agreement.\nJapan, the European Union (particularly the United Kingdom and Italy), and Australia are\nother major markets for U.S. exports of these products. These trading partners all have\nrelatively higher rates of duty for imports of these products than the United States. The 1996\nrates of duty assessed on these products for the United States’ major trading partners are\nshown in table 3.\nU.S. Imports\nPrincipal Suppliers and Import Levels\nU.S. imports of explosives, propellant powders, and related items declined from about $216\nmillion in 1992 to about $187 million in 1995. Industry analysts indicate that this decline was\nprincipally caused by decreased imports from Canada which resulted from the increased\nallocation of production by some Canadian manufacturers to meet more of local demand.\nTotal U.S. imports of these products then increased to about $208 million in 1996 (table 4).\nThe increase was mainly the result of increased imports of fireworks from China and Mexico.\nChina is the major source of U.S. imports of these products, accounting for about 45 percent\nin 1996. The majority of the explosives, propellant powders, and related items that the United\nStates imports from China are classified as fireworks. Table 4 ranks U.S. imports of these\nproducts by principal source, based on the value of 1996 imports. 13Table 2\nExplosives, propellant powders, and related items: U.S. exports of domestic merchandise, imports for consumption, and\nmerchandise trade balance, by selected countries and country groups, 1992-1996\n1992 1993 1994 1995 1996\n)))))))))))))))))))))))))) (Thousand dollars) ))))))))))))))))))))\nU.S. exports of domestic merchandise : \nCanada .................................. 57,833 61,001 66,110 67,995 95,928\nChina ................................... 694 963 1,009 1,429 1,597\nSaudi Arabia. ............................. 9,569 11,256 2,790 2,763 54,053\nMexico .................................. 14,006 10,904 5,422 4,471 10,254\nUnited Kingdom ........................... 10,196 30,022 25,799 16,938 12,545\nVenezuela ................................ 5,341 7,015 4,307 7,132 15,510\nAustralia. ................................. 8,003 6,045 7,281 11,382 10,955\nJapan ................................... 4,817 35,245 59,048 18,482 9,736\nItaly..................................... 653 1,118 5,157 14,554 10,649\nSweden .................................. 1,357 721 899 1,145 1,319\nAll Other ................................. 99,280 95,106 74,519 103,598 105,093\n Total .................................. 211,750 259,397 252,342 249,889 327,639\nEU-15 ................................... 33,746 45,115 41,739 50,276 45,349\nOPEC ................................... 23,784 30,355 15,734 17,815 77,900\nLatin America ............................. 31,096 33,461 23,139 29,222 46,786\nCBERA .................................. 6,948 8,447 8,316 10,358 9,644\nAsian Pacific Rim .......................... 45,807 66,690 83,508 61,828 49,334\nASEAN ................................. 13,537 16,234 10,657 19,855 18,264\nCentral and Eastern Europe ................. 23 275 546 558 274\nU.S. imports for consumption : \nCanada .................................. 90,962 84,033 63,156 51,301 45,480\nChina ................................... 68,077 74,324 76,991 80,077 93,648\nSaudi Arabia .............................. 0 0 0 0 0\nMexico .................................. 2,386 5,666 5,270 7,393 9,915\nUnited Kingdom ........................... 4,342 3,335 4,298 3,291 3,871\nVenezuela ................................ 0 0 0 0 0\nAustralia. ................................. 1,691 2,410 4,368 4,025 3,717\nJapan ................................... 4,185 3,602 2,594 2,479 2,980\nItaly..................................... 1,936 1,478 805 718 1,404\nSweden .................................. 5,309 4,902 8,323 6,808 10,632\nAll Other ................................. 37,395 29,474 30,207 31,134 36,142\n Total .................................. 216,284 209,224 196,014 187,226 207,789\nEU-15 ................................... 28,503 24,666 27,124 23,522 29,262\nOPEC ................................... 761 614 612 750 908\nLatin America ............................. 4,004 9,225 9,175 11,877 14,436\nCBERA .................................. 0 0 0 3 26\nAsian Pacific Rim .......................... 86,958 89,258 92,588 94,762 109,028\nASEAN .................................. 1,300 1,051 976 1,149 1,440\nCentral and Eastern Europe .................. 1,011 1,373 3,240 4,076 3,865\nU.S. merchandise trade balance: \nCanada .................................. -33,129 -23,032 2,953 16,694 50,449\nChina ................................... -67,383 -73,361 -75,981 -78,648 -92,051\nSaudi Arabia. ............................. 9,569 11,256 2,790 2,763 54,053\nMexico .................................. 11,620 5,237 151 -2,922 339\nUnited Kingdom ........................... 5,853 26,687 21,501 13,647 8,674\nVenezuela ................................ 5,341 7,015 4,307 7,132 15,510\nAustralia. ................................. 6,311 3,636 2,913 7,357 7,238\nJapan ................................... 633 31,642 56,454 16,003 6,757\nItaly..................................... -1,284 -360 4,351 13,836 9,245\nSweden .................................. -3,952 -4,181 -7,424 -5,663 -9,314\nAll Other ................................. 61,885 65,632 44,312 72,464 68,951\n Total .................................. -4,534 50,173 56,328 62,663 119,850\nEU-15 ................................... 5,243 20,450 14,615 26,753 16,087\nOPEC ................................... 23,023 29,741 15,122 17,064 76,993\nLatin America ............................. 27,093 24,236 13,963 17,345 32,350\nCBERA .................................. 6,948 8,447 8,316 10,354 9,618\nAsian Pacific Rim .......................... -41,152 -22,568 -9,080 -32,934 -59,695\nASEAN .................................. 12,237 15,183 9,680 18,706 16,824\nCentral and Eastern Europe .................. -989 -1,098 -2,694 -3,517 -3,590\nNote.—Because of rounding, figures may not add to totals shown. The countries shown are those with the largest total U.S. trade (U.S.\nimports plus exports) in these products in 1996. Import values are based on Customs value; export values are based on f.a.s. value, U.S.\nport of export.\nSource: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce. 14Table 3\nExplosives, propellant powders, and related items: Harmonized Tariff Schedule subheading;\ndescription; U.S. col. 1 rate of duty as of Jan. 1, 1997; U.S. exports, 1996; and U.S. imports, 1996\n \nU.S. U.S.\nHTS Col. 1 rate of duty as of Jan. 1, 1997 exports, imports,\nsubheading Description General Special11996 1996 \n \n)) Million dollars ))\n3601.00.002Propellant powders ........... 6.8% Free (A*, CA, E, IL, J, MX) 14.9 18.4\n3602.00.002Prepared explosives other \n than propellant powders ....... Free 173.4 24.4\n3603 Safety fuses; detonating fuses, \n percussion or detonating caps; \n igniters; electric detonators:\n3603.00.30 Safety fuses or detonating \n fuses .................... 3.0% Free (A*, CA, E, IL, J, MX) (3) 4.3\n3603.00.60 Percussion caps ........... 4.2% Free (A*, CA, E, IL, J, MX) (3) 1.1\n3603.00.90 Detonating caps, igniters or \n electric detonators .......... 0.2% Free (A*, CA, E, IL, J, MX) 87.7 39.5\n3604 Fireworks, signaling flares, rain \n rockets, fog signals, and other \n pyrotechnic articles:\n3604.10.10 Display or special fireworks ...2.4% Free (A*, CA, E, IL, J, MX) 5.5 76.9\n3604.10.90 Other fireworks ............ 5.3% Free (A*, CA, E, IL, J, MX) 5.5 76.9\n3604.90.00 Other ................... 6.9% Free (A*, CA, E, IL, J, MX) 22.3 8.8\n3605.00.002Matches, other than pyrotechnic\n articles of heading 3604 ....... Free 2.7 12.9\n3606 Ferrocerium and other pyrophoric \n alloys in all forms; articles of \n combustible materials as specified \n in HTS Chapter Note 2:\n3606.90 Other:\n3606.90.30 Ferrocerium and other \n pyrophoric alloys ........... 5.9% Free (CA, E, IL, J, MX) (4) 2.0\n3606.90.40 Metaldehyde .............. Free (4) (5)\n3606.90.80 Other ................... 5.0% Free (A*, CA, E, IL, J, MX) 21.1 0.6\n 1 See Appendix A for an explanation of the programs under which special tariff treatment may be provided, and\nthe corresponding symbols for such programs.\n 2 3601.00.00, 3602.00.00 and 3605.00.00 are headings, not subheadings, as defined in general note 19(f) of the\nHTS.\n 3 Value included under HTS subheading 3603.00.90.\n 4 Value included under HTS subheading 3606.90.80.\n 5 Less than $50,000.\nSource: Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (1997). Data on U.S. exports and imports compiled from\nofficial statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce. 19 See app. A for an explanation of tariff and trade agreement terms.\n 20 Based on interviews with members of the American Pyrotechnic Association.\n15Table 4\nExplosives, propellant powders, and related items: U.S. imports for consumption by principal\nsources, 1992-96\nSource 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996\n))))))))))))))))))))) Value (1,000 dollars) ))))))))))))))))))))))))\nChina .................... 68,077 74,324 76,991 80,077 93,648\nCanada .................. 90,962 84,033 63,156 51,301 45,480\nSweden .................. 5,309 4,902 8,323 6,808 10,632\nMexico ................... 2,386 5,666 5,270 7,393 9,915\nFrance ................... 8,564 8,503 5,594 4,105 5,156\nUnited Kingdom ............ 4,342 3,335 4,298 3,291 3,871\nAustralia ................. 1,691 2,410 4,368 4,025 3,717\nHong Kong ................ 3,724 2,077 1,881 2,244 3,564\nBrazil .................... 906 1,037 1,872 1,994 3,439\nCzech Republic ............ 0 1,373 3,180 3,944 3,043\nAll Other ................. 30,323 21,563 21,081 22,043 25,325\n Total ................... 216,284 209,224 196,014 187,226 207,789\nSource: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.\nU.S. Trade Measures\nTariff and nontariff measures19\nTable 3 shows the rates of duty, as of January 1, 1997, applicable to imports of explosives,\npropellant powders, and related items under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United\nStates (HTS). Column 1-general rates of duty for countries considered for most-favored-\nnation (MFN) treatment range from zero to 6.9 percent ad valorem on imports of these\nproducts. In most cases the rate of duty charged by foreign countries on U.S. products is\nconsiderably higher than the U.S. rate of duty charged on imports of similar goods. For\nexample, the United States imposes a duty rate of 5.3 percent ad valorem on imports of\nfireworks from all most-favored nations, which includes China. The Chinese rate of duty\nassessed on imported fireworks is 90 percent ad valorem. All of the duty rates assessed by\nChina on U.S. exports of explosives, propellant powders, and related items are significantly\nhigher than those assessed by the United States on imports of similar items. Industry analysts\nindicate that implementation of the Uruguay Round Agreements (URA) will have little or no\neffect on U.S. international trade of explosives, propellant powders, and related items. There\nare no identified significant nontariff barriers to trade in explosives, propellant powders, or\nrelated items in any of the major international market countries.\nU.S. Government restrictions, laws, and regulations that are imposed on U.S. imports of\nexplosives, propellant powders, and related items also typically apply to such products which\nare manufactured domestically.20 There are no known domestic nontariff restrictions that\napply only to U.S. imports of explosives, propellant powders, and related items. 21 Investigation No. 731-TA-464 (Final), Sparklers from the People’s Republic of China ,\nUSITC publication 2387, June 1991.\n 22 56 F.R. 20588-92.\n 23 58 F.R. 40624.\n 24 61 F.R. 39630.\n16U.S. Government trade-related investigations\nThe U.S. International Trade Commission has conducted one investigation on a product\ncovered by this summary during the last several years. In June 1991, the Commission made\nan affirmative final determination under the U.S. antidumping law with respect to imports of\nsparklers (a type of fireworks) from China.21 This affirmative determination followed\nnotification by the U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) that it had found that such\nsparklers imported from China were being sold in the United States at less than fair value.22\nAs a result of the Commission's affirmative determination, Commerce issued an antidumping\norder covering sparklers imported from China. Under the order, imports of sparklers from\nChinese firms are assessed additional duties, the amount of which is based on Commerce’s\ncalcu lated margins of unfair underselling. The Chinese firm of Guangxi Native Produce\nImport and Export Company was subject to an antidumping duty of 41.75 percent ad valorem\nin addition to the regular \"General\" rate of duty charged on imports of these products. U.S.\nimports of sparklers from all other Chinese manufacturers of fireworks were subject to an\nantidumping duty of 93.54 percent ad valorem in addition to the regular \"General\" rate of duty\ncharged on U.S. imports of these products.23 The most recent U.S. Department of Commerce\nreview of the order was undertaken beginning in late 1994. On July 30, 1996, the U.S.\nDepartment of Commerce announced that it had determined the country-wide dumping margin\nto be 93.54 percent, including imports of sparklers from Guangxi Native Produce Import and\nExport Company.24 \nU.S. Exports\nPrincipal Markets and Export Levels\nTotal U.S. exports of explosives, propellant powders, and related items increased from about\n$212 million in 1992 to nearly $328 million in 1996, representing an average annual increase\nof approximately 11.6 percent. Table 5 ranks U.S. exports of these products by principal\ndestination based on the value of 1996 exports. Canada, because of its proximity, large\nmining operations, and relatively high level of industrialization, has historically been the\nlargest foreign market for U.S. exports of these products, a trend that continued during 1992-\n96. Exports of these products to Canada amounted to about $96 million in 1996, representing\nmore than 29 percent of all such exports. Most of the U.S. products exported to Canada are\nconsumed in the mining, quarrying, and construction industries. Overall, the product mix of\nU.S. exports to Canada is much more diverse than that which is shipped to any other foreign\ncountry. 25 While Canada’s MFN duty rates are higher than those the United States charges on such\nimports, the duty rate charged on products traded between the United States and Canada is zero\nunder the provisions of the North American Free Trade Agreement (see appendix A).\n17Table 5\nExplosives, propellant powders, and related items: U.S. exports to principal markets, 1992-96\nSource 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996\n))))))))))))))))))))) Value (1,000 dollars) )))))))))))))))))))))))))\nCanada ................... 57,833 61,001 66,110 67,995 95,928\nSaudi Arabia ............... 9,569 11,256 2,790 2,763 54,053\nVenezuela ................. 5,341 7,015 4,307 7,132 15,510\nUnited Kingdom ............. 10,196 30,022 25,799 16,938 12,545\nAustralia .................. 8,003 6,045 7,281 11,382 10,955\nItaly ...................... 653 1,118 5,157 14,554 10,649\nMexico .................... 14,006 10,904 5,422 4,471 10,254\nJapan .................... 4,817 35,245 59,048 18,482 9,736\nIsrael ..................... 3,510 3,989 6,809 9,080 9,028\nKorea .................... 3,200 3,607 2,715 3,357 6,752\nAll Other .................. 94,621 89,195 66,903 93,734 92,229\n Total ................... 211,750 259,397 252,342 249,889 327,639\nSource: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.\nSaudi Arabia was also a major market for U.S. exports of these products in 1996. Exports\nto Saudi Arabia consisted mostly of higher-value products for use in infrastructure\nconstruction. Canada and Saudi Arabia together accounted for about half of all U.S. exports\nof these products in 1996. During 1992-96, other major foreign markets included the United\nKingdom, Mexico, and Japan.\nForeign Trade Measures\nThe 1997 rates of duty assessed on U.S. imports of explosives, propellant powders, and\nrelated items for each of the United States' traditional major trading partners throughout 1992-\n96 are shown in table 6. U.S. exports of these products enter Canada free of duty under the\nNorth American Free Trade Agreement. Japan, the countries of the European Union\n(particularly the United Kingdom and Italy), and Australia are other major markets for\nU.S. exports of these products. All these countries25 have higher tariff rates on most these\nproducts than the United States. China, for example, imposes rates on these products of 20\npercent ad valorem (table 6) for imports from most-favored-nation countries.\nThere are no identified nontariff measures affecting U.S. exports of these products to major\nforeign markets, and there are no identified tariff measures, other than generally higher tariff\nrates, specifically directed toward the subject products that would inhibit U.S. trade in these\ncountries. 18Table 6\nExplosives, propellant powders, and related items: Harmonized Tariff Schedule subheading;\ndescription; and 1996 rates of duty charged by the listed countries on U.S. exports to that\ncountry\nHTS \nheading/ United\nsubheading Description Canada1China2EU Japan States\n))))))))) (Percent ad valorem) ))))))))))\n3601.00.00 Propellant powders 7.9 20 5.7 6.4 6.8\n3602.00.00 Prepared explosives other than propellant powders ...10.7 20 6.5 6.4 Free\n3603 Safety fuses; detonating fuses, percussion or \ndetonating caps; igniters; electric detonators:\n3603.00.30 Safety fuses or detonating fuses ............ 10.7 20 6.0 6.4 3.0\n3603.00.60 Percussion caps ........................ 10.7 20 7.4 6.4 4.2\n3603.00.90 Detonating caps, igniters or electric detonators .10.7 20 7.4 6.4 0.2\n3604 Fireworks, signaling flares, rain rockets, fog \nsignals, and other pyrotechnic articles:\n3604.10.10 Display or special fireworks ................ 9.9 20 6.5 4.8 2.4\n3604.10.90 Other fireworks ......................... 9.9 20 6.5 4.8 5.3\n3604.90.00 Other ................................ 9.9 20 6.5 4.8 6.9\n3605.00.00 Matches, other than pyrotechnic articles of \nheading 3604\nWood matches ......................... 6.6 20 7.9 5.3 Free\nOther ................................ 7.6 20 7.9 5.3 Free\n3606 Ferrocerium and other pyrotechnic alloys in all \nforms; articles of combustible materials as \nspecified in HTS Chapter Note 2:\n3606.90 Other:\n3606.90.30 Ferrocerium and other pyrotechnic alloys ..... 10.7 20 6.0 3.9 5.9\n3606.90.40 Metaldehyde ........................... 10.7 20 7.0 3.9 Free\n3606.90.80 Other ................................ 10.7 20 7.0 3.9 5.0\n 1 Rates listed are for countries considered most favored nations. The rate charged by Canada on explosives,\npropellant powders, and related items imported from the United States is \"Free\" for all such products, as is the rate\ncharged by the United States on such imports from Canada.\n 2 Rate listed are for countries considered most favored nations, including the United States. The general rates\nare much higher, up to 130 percent ad valorem on some products.\nSource: Tariff schedules of listed countries. 26 Based on interviews with U.S. producers and other industry sources.\n 27 Ibid.\n19FOREIGN INDUSTRY PROFILE\nMost industrialized countries have the ability to make most of the explosives, propellant\npowders, and related items that can be made by U.S. manufacturers and are generally able to\nmeet their domestic demand. The major competitors of U.S. firms in the global market are\ncompanies located in Canada, China, Japan, and the European Union (EU). According to\nindustry analysts, these countries have industries that have developed to a level similar to that\nof the United States in terms of capital, research and development, production technology, raw\nmaterial and labor availability, product variety, and marketing ability. In addition, the levels\nof both horizontal and vertical integration of foreign firms in the industrialized countries are\nsimilar to those of companies located in the United States.26 In the less industrialized countries\nthe range of products available tends to be smaller and usually contains less of the higher-\nvalued high-tech products. Currently, many countries (e.g., China, Mexico) have some\nadvantage in the area of labor costs, and according to industry analysts, most countries have\nsomewhat less rigorous environmental laws than does the United States.27 APPENDIX A\nEXPLANATION OF TARIFF AND TRADE\nAGREEMENT TERMS A-2TARIFF AND TRADE AGREEMENT\nTERMS\nIn the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS), chapters 1 through 97 cover\nall goods in trade and incorporate in the tariff nomenclature the internationally adopted\nHarmonized Commodity Description and Coding System through the 6-digit level of product\ndescription. Subordinate 8-digit product subdivisions, either enacted by Congress or\nproclaimed by the President, allow more narrowly applicable duty rates; 10-digit\nadministrative statistical reporting numbers provide data of national interest. Chapters 98 and\n99 contain special U.S. classifications and temporary rate provisions, respectively. The HTS\nreplaced the Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS) effective January 1, 1989.\nDuty rates in the general subcolumn of HTS column 1 are most-favored-nation (MFN) rates,\nmany of which have been eliminated or are being reduced as concessions resulting from the\nUruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations. Column 1-general duty rates apply to\nall countries except those enumerated in HTS general note 3(b) (Afghanistan, Cuba, Laos,\nNorth Korea, and Vietnam), which are subject to the statutory rates set forth in column 2.\nSpecified goods from designated MFN-eligible countries may be eligible for reduced rates of\nduty or for duty-free entry under one or more preferential tariff programs. Such tariff\ntreatment is set forth in the special subcolumn of HTS rate of duty column 1 or in the general\nnotes. If eligibility for special tariff rates is not claimed or established, goods are dutiable at\ncolumn 1-general rates. The HTS does not enumerate those countries as to which a total or\npartial embargo has been declared.\n The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) affords nonreciprocal tariff preferences to\ndeveloping countries to aid their economic development and to diversify and expand their\nproduction and exports. The U.S. GSP, enacted in title V of the Trade Act of 1974 for 10\nyears and extended several times thereafter, applies to merchandise imported on or after\nJanuary 1, 1976 and before the close of June 30, 1998. Indicated by the symbol \"A\", \"A*\",\nor \"A+\" in the special subcolumn, the GSP provides duty-free entry to eligible articles the\nproduct of and imported directly from designated beneficiary developing countries, as set forth\nin general note 4 to the HTS.\nThe Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA) affords nonreciprocal tariff\npreferences to developing countries in the Caribbean Basin area to aid their economic\ndevelopment and to diversify and expand their production and exports. The CBERA, enacted\nin title II of Public Law 98-67, implemented by Presidential Proclamation 5133 of November\n30, 1983, and amended by the Customs and Trade Act of 1990, applies to merchandise\nentered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after January 1, 1984.\nIndicated by the symbol \"E\" or \"E*\" in the special subcolumn, the CBERA provides duty-free\nentry to eligible articles, and reduced-duty treatment to certain other articles, which are the\nproduct of and imported directly from designated countries, as set forth in general note 7 to\nthe HTS. A-3Free rates of duty in the special subcolumn followed by the symbol \"IL\" are applicable to\nproducts of Israel under the United States-Israel Free Trade Area Implementation Act of\n1985 (IFTA), as provided in general note 8 to the HTS. \nPreferential nonreciprocal duty-free or reduced-duty treatment in the special subcolumn\nfollowed by the symbol \"J\" or \"J*\" in parentheses is afforded to eligible articles the product\nof designated beneficiary countries under the Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA), enacted\nas title II of Public Law 102-182 and implemented by Presidential Proclamation 6455 of July\n2, 1992 (effective July 22, 1992), as set forth in general note 11 to the HTS.\nPreferential or free rates of duty in the special subcolumn followed by the symbol \"CA\" are\napplicable to eligible goods of Canada, and rates followed by the symbol \"MX\" are applicable\nto eligible goods of Mexico, under the North American Free Trade Agreement , as provided\nin general note 12 to the HTS and implemented effective January 1, 1994 by Presidential\nProclamation 6641 of December 15, 1993. Goods must originate in the NAFTA region under\nrules set forth in general note 12(t) and meet other requirements of the note and applicable\nregulations.\nOther special tariff treatment applies to particular products of insular possessions (general\nnote 3(a)(iv)), products of the West Bank and Gaza Strip (general note 3(a)(v)), goods\ncovered by the Automotive Products Trade Act (APTA) (general note 5) and the Agreement\non Trade in Civil Aircraft (ATCA) (general note 6), articles imported from freely\nassociated states (general note 10), pharmaceutical products (general note 13), and\nintermediate chemicals for dyes (general note 14).\nThe General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994), pursuant to the\nAgreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, is based upon the earlier GATT 1947\n(61 Stat. (pt. 5) A58; 8 UST (pt. 2) 1786) as the primary multilateral system of disciplines\nand principles governing international trade. Signatories' obligations under both the 1994 and\n1947 agreements focus upon most-favored-nation treatment, the maintenance of scheduled\nconcession rates of duty, and national treatment for imported products; the GATT also\nprovides the legal framework for customs valuation standards, \"escape clause\" (emergency)\nactions, antidumping and countervailing duties, dispute settlement, and other measures. The\nresults of the Uruguay Round of multilateral tariff negotiations are set forth by way of\nseparate schedules of concessions for each participating contracting party, with the U.S.\nschedule designated as Schedule XX.\nPursuant to the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) of the GATT 1994, member\ncountries are phasing out restrictions on imports under the prior \"Arrangement Regarding\nInternation al Trade in Textiles\" (known as the Multifiber Arrangement (MFA)). Under the\nMFA, which was a departure from GATT 1947 provisions, importing and exporting countries\nnegotiated bilateral agreements limiting textile and apparel shipments, and importing countries\ncould take unilateral action in the absence or violation of an agreement. Quantitative limits\nhad been established on imported textiles and apparel of cotton, other vegetable fibers, wool,\nman-made fibers or silk blends in an effort to prevent or limit market A-4disruption in the importing countries. The ATC establishes notification and safeguard\nprocedures, along with other rules concerning the customs treatment of textile and apparel\nshipm ents, and calls for the eventual complete integration of this sector into the GATT 1994\nover a ten-year period, or by Jan. 1, 2005."
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[
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"pdf_file": "PPDKIO5ID33EK2RASLKYC2VUBKAMZPNO.pdf",
"text": "381 Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyard Admin. (FGIS), USDA § 800.98 \nweight of the portion that is unloaded \nand (ii) the following statement: ‘‘Part- lot: The net weight stated herein re-flects a partial unload.’’ \n(d) Certification of shiplot grain —(1) \nBasic requirement. The certificate shall \nshow (i) if applicable, a statement that the grain has been loaded aboard with other grain, (ii) the official weight, (iii) the stowage or other identification of the grain, and (iv) other information required by the regulations and the in-structions. \n(2) Common stowage. (i) Without sepa-\nration. If bulk grain is offered for \nweighing as it is being loaded aboard a ship and is loaded without separation in a stowage area with other grain or another commodity, the weight certifi-cate for the grain in each lot shall show that the lot was loaded aboard with other grain or another commodity without separation and the relative lo-cation of the grain. \n(ii) With separation. If separations are \nlaid between adjacent lots, the weight \ncertificates shall show the kind of ma-terial used in the separations and the location of the separations in relation to each lot. \n(iii) Exception. The common stowage \nrequirements of this paragraph shall not be applicable to the first lot in a stowage area unless a second lot has been loaded, in whole or in part, in the stowage area before issuing the official weight certificate for the first lot. \n(3) Official mark. If the grain is offi-\ncially weighed in a reasonably contin-uous operation, upon request by the ap-plicant, the following statement may be shown on the weight certificate: ‘‘Loaded under continuous official weighing.’’ \n[52 FR 6496, Mar. 4, 1987] \n§ 800.98 Weighing grain in combined \nlots. \n(a) General. The weighing of bulk or \nsacked grain loaded aboard, or being loaded aboard, or unloaded from two or more carriers as a combined lot shall be conducted according to this section and the instructions. \n(b) Weighing procedure. (1) Single lot \nweighing. Single lots of grain that are to be weighed as a combined lot shall be weighed in one location. The grain loaded into or unloaded from each car-rier must be weighed in accordance \nwith procedures prescribed in the in-structions. In the case of sacked grain, a representative weight sample shall be obtained from the grain in each carrier unless otherwise specified in the in-\nstructions. \n(2) Recertification. Grain that has \nbeen weighed and certificated as two or more single lots may be recertificated as a combined lot provided that (i) the grain in each single lot has been weighed in one location, (ii) the origi-nal weight certificates issued for the single lots have been or will be surren-dered to the appropriate agency or field office, (iii) the official personnel who performed the weighing service for the single lots and the official personnel who are to recertificate the grain as a combined lot determine that the weight of the grain in the lots has not since changed and, in the case of sacked grain, that the weight samples used as a basis for weighing the single lots were representative at the time of the weighing. \n(3) Grain uniform in quality. An appli-\ncant may request that grain be weighed and certificated as a combined lot whether or not the grain is uniform in quality for the purpose of inspection under the Act. \n(c) Certification procedures —(1) Gen-\neral. Each certificate for a combined- \nlot Class X or Class Y weighing service shall show the identification for the ‘‘Combined lot’’ or, at the request of the applicant, the identification of each carrier in the combined lot. The identification and any seal information for the carriers may be shown on the reverse side of the weight certificate, provided the statement ‘‘See reverse side’’ is shown on the face of the cer-tificate in the space provided for re-marks. \n(2) Recertification. If a request for a \ncombined-lot Class X or Class Y weigh-ing service is filed after the grain in the single lots has been weighed and certificated, the combined-lot weighing certificate shall show (i) the date of weighing the grain in the combined lot (if the single lots were weighed on dif-ferent dates, the latest of the dates shall be shown); (ii) a serial number, other than the serial numbers of the \nVerDate Aug<31>2005 09:47 Mar 05, 2008 Jkt 214018 PO 00000 Frm 00391 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\214018.XXX 214018rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR 382 7 CFR Ch. VIII (1–1–08 Edition) § 800.99 \nweight certificates that are to be su-\nperseded; (iii) the name of the elevator from which or into which the grain in the combined lot was loaded or un-loaded; (iv) a statement showing the weight of the grain in the combined lot; (v) a completed statement showing the identification of any superseded certificate as follows: ‘‘This combined- lot certificate supersedes certificate Nos. ll, dated ll; and (vi) if at the \ntime of issuing the combined-lot weight certificate the superseded cer-tificates are not in the custody of the agency or field office, the statement ‘‘The superseded certificates identified herein have not been surrendered’’ shall be clearly shown, in the space provided for remarks, beneath the statement identifying the superseded certificates. If the superseded certifi-cates are in the custody of the agency or field office, the superseded certifi-cates shall be clearly marked ‘‘Void.’’ \n(3) Part lot. If a part of a combined lot \nof grain in inbound carriers is unloaded and a part is left in the carriers, the grain that is unloaded shall be certifi-cated in accordance with the provisions in §800.97(c)(2). \n(4) Official mark. When grain is \nweighed as a combined lot in one con-tinuous operation, upon request by the applicant, the following statement shall be shown on the weight certifi-cate: ‘‘Loaded under continuous official weighing,’’ or ‘‘Loaded under contin-uous official inspection and weighing.’’ \n(5) Further combining. After a com-\nbined-lot weight certificate has been issued, there shall be no further com-bining and no dividing of the certifi-cate. \n(6) Limitations. No combined-lot \nweight certificate shall be issued (i) for any weighing service other than as de-scribed in this section or (ii) which shows a weight of grain different from the total of the combined single lot. \n[52 FR 6496, Mar. 4, 1987] \n§ 800.99 Checkweighing sacked grain. \n(a) General. Each checkweighing serv-\nice performed on a lot of sacked grain to determine the weight of the grain shall be made on the basis of one or more official weight samples obtained from the grain by official personnel ac-cording to this section and procedures \nprescribed in the instructions. \n(b) Representative sample. No official \nweight sample shall be considered to be representative of a lot of sacked grain unless the sample is of the size pre-scribed in the instructions and has been obtained and weighed according to the procedures prescribed in the in-structions. \n(c) Protecting samples and data. Offi-\ncial personnel and other employees of an agency or the Service shall protect official weight samples and data from manipulation, substitution, and im-proper and careless handling which might deprive the samples and sample data of their representativeness. \n(d) Restriction on weighing. No agency \nshall weigh any lot of sacked grain un-less at the time of obtaining the offi-cial weight sample the grain from which the sample was obtained was lo-cated within the area of responsibility assigned to the agency, except as oth-erwise provided for in §800.117, or on a case-by-case basis as determined by the Administrator. \n(e) Equipment and labor. Each appli-\ncant for weighing services shall provide necessary labor for obtaining official weight samples and place the samples in a position for weighing and shall supply suitable weighing equipment ap-proved by the Service, pursuant to the regulations and the instructions. \n(f) Disposition of official weight sam-\nples. In weighing sacked grain in lots, \nthe grain in the official weight samples shall be returned to the lots from \nwhich the samples were obtained. \n(g) Provisions by kinds of service —(1) \n‘‘IN’’ movements. Each checkweighing \non an ‘‘IN’’ movement of sacked grain shall be based on an official weight sample obtained while the grain is at rest in the carrier or during unloading, in accordance with procedures pre-scribed in the instructions. \n(2) ‘‘OUT’’ movements (export). Each \ncheckweighing of sacked export grain shall be based on an official weight sample obtained as the grain is being loaded aboard the final carrier, as the grain is being sacked, or while the grain is at rest in a warehouse or hold-ing facility, in accordance with proce-dures prescribed in the instructions. \nVerDate Aug<31>2005 09:47 Mar 05, 2008 Jkt 214018 PO 00000 Frm 00392 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\214018.XXX 214018rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR"
} |
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"text": "This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER\ncontains notices to the public of the proposed\nissuance of rules and regulations. The\npurpose of these notices is to give interested\npersons an opportunity to participate in the\nrule making prior to the adoption of the final\nrules.Proposed RulesFederal Register26892\nVol. 64, No. 95\nTuesday, May 18, 1999\nDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE\nFood Safety and Inspection Service\n9 CFR Parts 317, 318, 319, and 381\n[Docket No. 97±001P]\nRIN 0583±AC35\nElimination of Requirements for Partial\nQuality Control Programs\nAGENCY: Food Safety and Inspection\nService, USDA.\nACTION: Proposed rule.\nSUMMARY: The Food Safety and\nInspection Service (FSIS) is proposing\nto amend the meat and poultry products\ninspection regulations by removing the\nrequirements pertaining to partial\nquality control (PQC) programs except\nwith respect to the irradiation of poultry\nproducts. A PQC program controls a\nsingle product, operation, or part of an\noperation in a meat or poultry\nestablishment. The proposal would\nremove the design requirements for PQC\nprograms and the requirements for\nestablishments to have PQC programs\nfor certain products or processes, other\nthan those that apply to irradiation of\npoultry products. For example, the\nproposal would remove the\nrequirements for poultry slaughtering\nestablishments operating under the New\nLine Speed (NELS) inspection system\nand the New Turkey Inspection System\n(NTIS) to have PQC programs and the\nrequirements concerning the design,\ncontent, and Agency approval of those\nprograms. The proposal would also\nremove from the thermal processing\nregulations the requirements for FSIS\nprior approval of systems and devices\nnot specified in the regulations and all\nrequirements concerning PQC programs.\nThe proposal would expand the\nalternatives available to establishments\nunder the thermal processing\nregulations for ensuring the safety of\ntheir products. This proposal is\nintended to provide inspected\nestablishments with flexibility, to make\nthe regulations more consistent with thePathogen Reduction (PR)/Hazard\nAnalysis and Critical Control Points\n(HACCP) regulations, and to encourage\nestablishments to adopt new\ntechnologies and methods that will\nimprove food safety and other consumer\nprotections.\nDATES: Comments must be received on\nor before July 19, 1999.\nADDRESSES : Submit one original and\ntwo copies of written comments to FSIS\nDocket Clerk, DOCKET #97±001P, U.S.\nDepartment of Agriculture, Food Safety\nand Inspection Service, Room 112\nCotton Annex Building, 300 12th Street,\nSW., Washington, DC 20250±3700. All\ncomments submitted in response to this\nproposed rule will be available for\npublic inspection in the Docket Clerk's\nOffice between 8:30 a.m. and 4 p.m.,\nMonday through Friday. Those who\nwish to make oral comments can\nschedule an appointment with the\nperson whose name appears in FOR\nFURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT .\nFORFURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT :\nPatricia F. Stolfa, Assistant Deputy\nAdministrator, Office of Policy, Program\nDevelopment, and Evaluation, Food\nSafety and Inspection Service, U.S.\nDepartment of Agriculture, Washington,\nDC 20250±3700; (202) 205±0699.\nSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION :\nBackground\nFSIS carries out programs designed to\nensure that meat, poultry, and egg\nproducts are wholesome, not\nadulterated, and properly marked,\nlabeled, and packaged. FSIS is\nimplementing the ``Pathogen Reduction;\nHazard Analysis and Critical Control\nPoint (HACCP) Systems'' final rule\npublished July 25, 1996 (61 FR 38806),\nto reduce the risk of foodborne illness\nassociated with the consumption of\nmeat and poultry products to the\nmaximum extent possible. The Pathogen\nReduction (PR)/HACCP final rule\nrequires establishments to take\nappropriate and feasible measures to\nprevent or reduce the likelihood of\nphysical, chemical, and microbiological\nhazards in the production of meat and\npoultry products.\nFSIS is reviewing its other regulations\nto determine how they can be made\nmore consistent with the PR/HACCP\nregulations and the regulatory approach\nthey embody. This approach favors\nperformance-based standards over\nprescriptive, command-and-controlregulations. Command-and-control\nrequirements specify, often in great\ndetail, how a plant is to achieve\nparticular food safety or other regulatory\nobjectives, while performance standards\nstate the objectives or levels of\nperformance to be achieved and give a\nplant the ability to describe how it will\nachieve them. Included in the Agency's\nreview are regulations on sanitation,\nmeat and poultry products with visible\ndefects affecting safety or quality, and\neconomic adulteration of meat and\npoultry products.\nFSIS announced its regulatory review\nin a December 29, 1995, advance notice\nof proposed rulemaking (ANPR) ``FSIS\nAgenda for Change'' (60 FR 67469). The\nAgency said that, by eliminating\nunnecessary regulations and replacing\ncommand-and-control prescriptions\nwith performance standards, inspected\nestablishments would have greater\nflexibility to adopt innovations that can\nyield food-safety benefits. Among the\nregulations FSIS has identified as\ncandidates for modification or\nelimination are those that delimit\nprocessing and treatment methods\nintended to eliminate specific food\nsafety hazards and requirements\nconcerning quality control programs.\nFSIS has already reduced its role of\napproving and specifying in detail the\ndesign and operation of establishment-\noperated partial quality control (PQC)\nprograms. In 1997, the Agency\npublished a final rule that, among other\nthings, removes the requirement for\nFSIS prior approval of most PQC\nprograms (62 FR 45016, August 25,\n1997). Recognizing that the\nestablishment bears primary\nresponsibility for the control of its own\nmanufacturing processes, FSIS now\nthinks it appropriate to take the further\nstep of eliminating PQC requirements\nother than for irradiation of poultry (9\nCFR 381.149(b)), so that establishments\nwill have the flexibility they need to be\ninnovative, and consistent with HACCP\nand the Agency's regulatory policy.\n(FSIS proposed to remove requirements\nfor quality control programs for poultry-\nproduct irradiation in its February 24,\n1999, proposal on the irradiation of\nmeat and meat products (64 FR 9809).)\nQuality Control\nQuality control, in general, is a\nplanned, documented system of\nactivities intended to ensure the\nVerDate 06-MAY-99 12:48 May 17, 1999 Jkt 183247 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\\FR\\FM\\18MYP1.XXX pfrm07 PsN: 18MYP1 26893 Federal Register /Vol. 64, No. 95 /Tuesday, May 18, 1999 /Proposed Rules\nstability of processes and uniformity of\nproducts. Quality control programs and\nsystems are based on the assumption\nthat there is normal variation in any\nprocess, and that the process is under\ncontrol if that variation is not exceeded.\nIn the food industry, quality control\nsystems are used in processing\noperations to make sure that products\nfrom TV dinners to hotdogs will be\nexactly the sameÐwill have the same\ncontent, flavor, color, texture, etc.Ðno\nmatter how many thousands are made\nin a production run. Quality control\nprograms can be used to maintain\nnormal process variation within the\nlimits prescribed in a standard, such as\nthe 50-percent-fat limitation in a\nbreakfast sausage. If the expected\nvariation is exceeded, corrective action\nis taken to restore process stability.\nUnder FSIS regulations, a company\nmay choose to place all of the processes\nand products in a plant under a\ncomprehensive, or total, quality control\nsystem, or the company may choose to\nplace only individual products or\nprocesses under quality control. A\nquality control program for only one\nprocess or product in a plant is known\nas a partial quality control (PQC)\nprogram.\nSome PQC programs control product\npotential health and safety problems;\nothers focus on economic or quality\nfactors. PQC programs controlling for\nsafety factors include those for\nthermally processed products, which\nare intended primarily to prevent toxin\nformation in the processed product. The\nprograms for cooked beef products are\nintended to ensure that the processing\nof the products meets the regulatory\nrequirements for handling, processing\n(time, temperature, and relative\nhumidity), and storage to prevent\npathogen formation in the products.\nPQC programs that control for product\nsafety have been largely superseded by\nrequired HACCP plans.\nPQC programs that control for\neconomic or non-food-safety factors\ninclude those used to control the fat and\nwater content of hotdogs, the number of\nmeatballs in, or pepperoni slices on, a\nproduct, and the moisture or protein-fat-\nfree (PFF) content of a product labeled\n``ham, water added.'' The quality\ncontrol program for mechanically\nseparated (species) (MS(S)) is intended\nto control bone particle size, calcium\ncontent, fat and protein content, and\nprotein efficiency ratio (9 CFR 319.5).\nThe programs for pressed ham and\nspiced ham products are intended to\nensure that the products meet the PFF\nregulatory requirements of § 319.104.\nPQC programs to control products for\neconomic factors are intended toprevent the marketing of products that\nare misbranded or that lack the quality\nor value that consumers expect. A plant\noperating under a PQC program for net\nweight keeps records of its checks and\ncorrective actions to avoid lot\ninspection. Under PQC programs for fat\nand water in frankfurters, plants keep\ningredient records by lot and results of\nlaboratory tests for verification by FSIS\ninspectors. A plant operating a PQC\nprogram for boneless meat inspection\ndoes its own on-line inspection and\nkeeps records. The FSIS inspector\nrandomly selects samples of product\nthat the plant has already inspected to\nensure that the records are accurate.\nEstablishments are required by\ncurrent regulations to have PQC\nprograms for certain products or\nprocesses, such as the one for MS(S),\njust mentioned. A PQC program for on-\nline carcass quality control is required\nfor an establishment operating under\neither the NELS or the NTIS poultry\ninspection system (9 CFR 381.76(c)).\nPQC Programs in Slaughtering Plants\nThe Agency conducts verification\nchecks on the plant-operated PQC\nprograms required for certain inspection\nsystems. Establishments being\nconsidered for implementation of the\nNELS and NTIS inspection systems\n(currently, about 10 per year) must meet\nrequirements both for facilities and for\nPQC programs.\nInterested establishments are required\nto obtain FSIS approval of their PQC\nprograms before the programs can be\nimplemented on a trial basis.\nUnacceptable PQC programs are\nreturned to the establishment for\ncorrection.\nOnce approved, PQC programs are\nsubject to on-site review by the Agency\nfor six months after implementation.\nThe establishment then submits an\nupdated PQC program to the Agency for\nfinal review. If, at that stage, the\nprogram is found to be acceptable, full\napproval is granted, although the\nestablishment remains subject to\nAgency verification checks. If the\nprogram is unacceptable, the trial period\nmay be extended or approval of the\nprogram may be withdrawn.\nThe Agency provides guidelines to\nhelp interested establishments prepare\nfor implementation of the NELS and\nNTIS inspection systems. Instructions\nfor developing PQC programs are\nincluded in those guidelines. The\nAgency also offers instruction on\nslaughter quality control programs to\nGovernment and industry personnel at\nthe FSIS Training Center.Proposed Changes\nFSIS is proposing to eliminate the\nrequirement in 9 CFR 317.21(b) that\nestablishments have, as an alternative to\nState or local certification of scales, PQC\nprograms or total quality control system\nprovisions for checking the accuracy of\nscales. The Agency is proposing simply\nto require that there be a certification of\naccuracy from State or local authorities\nor from a State-registered or -licensed\nscale repair firm or person.\nEstablishments could continue to\nmaintain scale-checking provisions in\ntheir QC programs and systems.\nThe Agency is proposing to remove\nfrom the meat and poultry inspection\nregulations the design requirements for\npartial quality control programs (9 CFR\n318.4(d), 381.145(d)). The provisions\noutline what is necessary when an\nestablishment is required to have a PQC\nprogram. Because the Agency is\nproposing to revoke the regulatory\nrequirements pertaining to PQC\nprograms, there is no need to describe\nwhat is necessary when PQC is\nrequired.\nFSIS would also remove quality\ncontrol requirements (9 CFR 318.7)\ngoverning the use of nitrites in bacon\ncuring and the use of certain organic\nacids singly or in combination to delay\nthe discoloration of fresh meat cuts.\nSuch requirements are incompatible\nwith the Agency's regulatory objectives\nbecause they specify a manner of\ncompliance rather than simply a\nperformance standard.\nBoth the nitrite and the organic acid\nregulations clearly state the maximum\nlimits of use of the substances they\nconcern. The consumer is also informed\nby product labeling of the presence of\nthe substances in the products. The\nregulations provide clear limits and\nadequate consumer protections without\nthe quality control requirements. The\nAgency is also proposing to improve the\naccuracy of the regulation by using the\nterm ``production of botulinum toxin''\nrather than ``growth of botulinum toxin''\n(see 9 CFR 318.7(b)(3)(ii)). FSIS is aware\nthat these food-safety regulations also\nmay be regarded as inconsistent with\nthe PR/HACCP regulations, but the\nAgency would prefer to address this\ninconsistency in a future rulemaking.\nThe Agency proposes to make the\nmeat and poultry canning regulations (9\nCFR 318.305 and 381.305) more\nconsistent with the Agency's new, non-\ncommand-and-control regulatory\napproach by eliminating a number of\nprior-approval requirements. First, the\nrequirement that the Agency prior-\napprove temperature-indicating devices\nother than mercury-in-glass\nVerDate 06-MAY-99 12:48 May 17, 1999 Jkt 183247 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\\FR\\FM\\18MYP1.XXX pfrm07 PsN: 18MYP1 26894 Federal Register /Vol. 64, No. 95 /Tuesday, May 18, 1999 /Proposed Rules\nthermometers (at §§ 318.305(a)(1)(ii) and\n381.305(a)(1)(ii)) would be replaced.\nTemperature-indicating devices, such as\nresistance temperature detectors, could\nbe used and, as is the case currently,\nthey would have to meet known\nstandards of accuracy for such devices,\nbut the frequency of testing for accuracy\nwould not be prescribed.\nThe Agency is also proposing to\nremove the requirement for case-by-case\nevaluation and approval by FSIS of\nthermal processing systems not\nspecified in the regulations. As\namended, 9 CFR 318.305(f) and\n381.305(f) would require that such\nsystems be adequate to produce shelf-\nstable products consistently and\nuniformly. These requirements reflect\nthe basic purposes of the canning\nregulations.\nFSIS is also proposing to remove from\nthe thermal processing regulations (9\nCFR 318.307(b) and 381.307(b))\nprovisions concerning PQC programs\nand requirements for FSIS prior\napproval of thermal processing systems\nnot specified in the regulations,\nincluding monitoring and recording\ndevices not specified in the regulations.\nThe Agency tentatively concludes that\nthese regulations will ensure the\nadequacy of these systems without the\nrequirement that the Agency is\nproposing to delete, which is\ninconsistent with the PR/HACCP\nregulations.\nThe Agency is also proposing to\nremove from the thermal processing\nregulations the requirements (in\n§§318.308 and 309 and §§ 381.308 and\n309) concerning partial quality control\nprograms to control process deviations\nand establishment finished product\ninspection procedures. The Agency\ntentatively finds that these requirements\nare unnecessary. The detailed\nprescriptions in these sections, which\nare based on HACCP principles, would\nremain as acceptable protections against\npotential microbial contamination.\nUnder this proposal, a thermal\nprocessing establishment would have\nfour alternatives available to control\nprocess deviations identified in-process.\nThe establishment could:\n(1) Provide for how it will handle the\ndeviations under a HACCP plan; or,\nuntil subject to 9 CFR part 417, (2)\nfollow the existing regulations\n(§§318.308(d) and 381.308(d)); (3)\nhandle the deviations under an\napproved total quality control system\nuntil the PR/HACCP rule becomes\napplicable to it; or (4) use alternative\ndocumented procedures for handling\nprocess deviations. The alternative\ndocumented procedures could be\nprovisions of a HACCP plan, such ascorrective actions to be taken,\nrecordkeeping, or monitoring\nprocedures, that would be followed\nwhen process deviations occurred. They\ncould also include partial quality\ncontrol programs, developed by or for\nthe establishment, but not subject to\nFSIS approval. Such food-safety-related\nPQC programs would, however, be\nsuperseded by or integrated with\nprovisions of the establishment's\nHACCP plan when that plan is\nimplemented.\nSimilarly, under this proposal, a\nthermal processing establishment would\nhave four alternatives for handling\nfinished product inspections. The\nfinished product inspections could be\nhandled under: (1) The existing\nregulations (§§ 318.309(d) and\n381.309(d)); (2) a HACCP plan; (3) the\nprovisions of an approved total quality\ncontrol system, until the PR/HACCP\nfinal rule is applicable to the\nestablishment; or (4) alternative\ndocumented procedures for handling\nfinished product inspections. The\nalternative documented procedures\ncould be PQC programs or the HACCP\nplan provisions.\nIn any case, any alternative\nprocedures for handling process\ndeviations or finished product\ninspections would have to ensure that\nonly safe, stable product is shipped in\ncommerce. This proposed requirement\ndictates that not only would the\nprocedures have to ensure that the\nproduct is free of microorganisms of\npublic health significance, but also that\nit is not adulterated by other types of\nmicroorganisms, such as ``flat-sour''\nbacteria or other spoilage organisms.\nThis proposed requirement is consistent\nwith the aims of HACCP and with the\nstatutory prohibitions against the\ndistribution of adulterated and\nmisbranded meat and poultry products\nin commerce.\nThe proposed amendments would\nmake the thermal processing regulations\nmore consistent with the PR/HACCP\nfinal rule by explicitly providing a\nHACCP-plan alternative to the\nprescriptive procedures (consistent with\n§417.2(b)(3)) and by including, as an\noption for handling process deviations\nor final product inspections, alternative\ndocumented procedures that ensure that\nonly safe and stable products are\nshipped in commerce. This option\nwould provide the establishment with\nthe flexibility to use PQC programs or\nother procedures that meet a regulatory\npublic health standard.\nIt should be noted that, under the\nHACCP regulations, an establishment's\nHACCP plan does not have to address\npotential microbial hazards in thermallyprocessed/commercially sterile product\nif the establishment is following the\ncurrent regulatory requirements for such\nproduct. However, the HACCP plan\nmust address physical and chemical\nhazards to which the product may be\nsubject.\nBesides proposing to remove the\nrequirements pertaining to PQC\nprograms that control food-safety\nfactors, which are inconsistent with PR/\nHACCP, FSIS is proposing to remove\nthe requirements affecting economic or\nquality-related PQC programs. FSIS\nconsiders these requirements to be too\nprescriptive. They tend to perpetuate\nthe command-and-control approach to\nfood inspection and regulation. They are\nnot in keeping with the Agency's new\nregulatory approach, which is oriented\nmore toward monitoring industry\ncompliance with performance-related\nobjectives.\nFirst, the Agency is proposing to\nremove the QC system requirements\nfrom the regulations and requirements\ngoverning the identity and composition\nof MS(S) product and label approval of\nthe product (9 CFR 319.5). The MS(S)\nregulations specify the maximum\ncalcium content, the minimum protein\ncontent, the protein efficiency ratio, the\nmaximum fat content, and the\nmaximum bone particle size for the\nproduct. The regulations also specify\nthe elements that the QC system must\ncontain, including a written description\nof the methods used by the\nestablishment to maintain uniformity of\nraw materials used in manufacturing\nproduct and to control handling and\nprocessing of the raw materials and\nfinished product. The regulations also\nspecify the sample size and sampling\nfrequency for food-chemistry analysis of\nproduct to determine compliance with\nthe standards. FSIS regards these\nprovisions as overly prescriptive and\nbelieves that, to achieve the purposes of\nthe MS(S) regulations, it is sufficient to\nset the product standards for fat,\nprotein, calcium content, and bone\nparticle size.\nThe Agency is also proposing to\nupdate the provision for finished\nproduct samples to be analyzed\naccording to methods of the Association\nof Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)\nor methods listed in the FSIS\n``Chemistry Laboratory Guidebook'' to\nreflect use of the most recent edition of\nthe AOAC compendium. In addition,\nFSIS is proposing to give establishments\nthe latitude to use validated scientific\nmethods equivalent to, but not listed in,\nthe AOAC and FSIS references. Under\nthis proposed action, the establishments\nwill have flexibility to choose the most\nappropriate means of ensuring that\nVerDate 06-MAY-99 12:48 May 17, 1999 Jkt 183247 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\\FR\\FM\\18MYP1.XXX pfrm07 PsN: 18MYP1 26895 Federal Register /Vol. 64, No. 95 /Tuesday, May 18, 1999 /Proposed Rules\nMS(S) meets the compositional and\nlabeling identity requirements of the\nregulations, but they will also have the\nburden of demonstrating equivalence.\nThe Agency is aware, however, that\nsome may disagree with the evaluation\nof the MS(S) QC and analytical\nrequirements as overly prescriptive;\ntheir comments on this matter are\ninvited. Others may regard the\nincorporation by reference of the AOAC\nmethods as unnecessary and such\nstandards as those for fat content and\nprotein efficiency ratio as duplicative of\nother regulatory requirements. Their\ncomments are invited as well.\nSecond, consistent with the other\nchanges proposed in this document,\nFSIS is proposing to eliminate the\nquality control program requirements\nfrom the protein-fat-free (PFF)\npercentage regulations (§§ 319.104 and\n319.105) for various ``finely divided''\ncured ham products, such as patties,\nchopped or pressed ham, and spiced\nham. Establishments would still be\nrequired to abide by the PFF percentage\nlimits for these products.\nFinally, FSIS is proposing to remove\nthe requirement that poultry\nslaughtering establishments operating\nunder the NELS and NTIS inspection\nsystems have PQC programs for carcass\ndefects. If this proposed change is\nadopted, the establishments will have\nthe flexibility to adopt quality control\nprograms or other measures for ensuring\nthe quality of their products. Removing\nthe prior-approval aspect of these\nrequirements will contribute to\nclarifying the respective roles of the\ninspection service and the regulated\nindustryÐa necessary task in making\nthe requirements consistent with\nHACCP.\nFSIS inspectors would continue to\ncheck poultry in NELS and NTIS plants\nfor visible contamination and carcass\ntrimming defects.\nExecutive Order 12866 and Regulatory\nFlexibility Act\nThis proposed rule has been\ndetermined to be significant, though not\neconomically significant, and was\nreviewed by the Office of Management\nand Budget under Executive Order\n12866.\nFSIS is proposing to eliminate the\nregulatory requirements pertaining to\nestablishment-operated PQC programs.\nThis action would remove regulatory\nobstacles to innovation and command-\nand-control requirements inconsistent\nwith the Agency's new regulatory\napproach and the objectives of the PR/\nHACCP regulations. In its August 25,\n1997, final rule (62 FR 45016), the\nrequirements for FSIS prior approval ofmost PQC programs were eliminated.\nThis action was taken to facilitate the\ntransition to HACCP in official\nestablishments producing the greatest\nportion of meat and poultry products\nconsumed in the United States. FSIS is\nproposing to take the additional step of\neliminating most requirements for\nestablishments to have PQC programs\nfor specific products or processes, as\nwell as design requirements affecting\nmost PQC programs. The only PQC\nprogram requirements this proposal\nwould leave in place would be the\nrequirement for QC programs for\nirradiated chicken. However, as\nmentioned previously, this requirement\nis being addressed in another\nrulemaking proceeding (64 FR 9809).\nThe alternatives to this proposed\nrulemaking that FSIS considered were,\nin addition to the alternative of no\nrulemaking, those of mandating\nadditional in-plant controls and of\nmandating general requirements and\nstandards for PQC programs.\nThe alternative of no rulemaking\nwould impose no additional regulatory\nburdens on establishments, which\nwould continue to have the assurance\nthat their PQC programs meet basic\ndesign criteria. However, the Agency\nrejected this alternative because not\nchanging the regulations would leave in\nplace a prescriptive regulatory regime\nfor process controls and PQC programs\nthat conflict in a material way with the\nobjectives of the PR/HACCP final rule.\nUnder HACCP, establishments assume\nresponsibility for building science-\nbased, preventive process controls into\nthe food production system to reduce or\neliminate food safety hazards. This\nincludes taking responsibility for\nensuring that processes conform with\nsound food safety performance\nstandards. Establishments need to be\nable to implement better and more\ninnovative food-safety and other\nconsumer-protection strategies. This\nincludes the flexibility to design a PQC\nprogram and determine its content and\nimplementation date.\nThe alternative of mandating\nadditional in-plant controls, whether in\naddition to or in lieu of PQC\nrequirements, would add regulatory\nassurances that processes are under\ncontrol and that products are safe,\nwholesome, and not misbranded.\nHowever, this alternative would add\nprescriptive, command-and-control\nrequirements and restrict the scope for\nestablishment food-safety initiatives,\ncontradicting the Agency's new\nregulatory approach. The additional\nrequirements also would probably not\nresult in food-safety improvement.The alternative of mandating new\ngeneral requirements or standards for\nPQC programs would differ little in its\neffects from the current requirements for\nPQC programs to have certain features\nand for process control under the\nprograms to be based on generally\naccepted statistical principles (9 CFR\n318.4(d); 381.145(d)). Even if the current\nrequirements were condensed, they\nwould still be inconsistent with the PR/\nHACCP regulations and with the\nAgency's new regulatory approach,\nestablishments would continue to incur\na substantial recordkeeping burden, and\nthe Agency would have nearly the same\nburden as it now does of verifying\nestablishment compliance with the\nrequirements.\nFSIS chose the option of eliminating\nregulatory requirements for all PQC\nprograms except QC programs for the\nirradiation of poultry products. This\noption provides establishments with the\nmost flexibility in implementing process\ncontrol programs in a HACCP\nenvironment. FSIS's proposed rule on\nirradiation of meat and meat products\n(64 FR 9089, February 24, 1999) would\neliminate the requirement for QC\nprograms in facilities where poultry\nproducts are irradiated.\nImplementation of this proposed rule\nwould enable FSIS to redirect resources\nfrom PQC program verification to other\nactivities for ensuring that products are\nnot adulterated or misbranded. FSIS has\nconsidered a number of alternatives to\nPQC program verification, such as\nfinished product sampling for\nmicrobiological or food chemistry\nanalysis and market sampling. Market\nsampling or national surveys can be\nused in lieu of inspecting lots or\nevaluating PQC programs for fat and\nwater content of frankfurters. An\nalternative to FSIS evaluation of PQC\nprograms for basting solutions in\npoultry products is finished product\nsampling for chemical analysis.\nIn-plant sampling of finished\nproducts for chemical analysis is a tool\nthat FSIS has usedÐand will continue\nto useÐto determine whether products\nare in compliance with regulatory\nrequirements and to verify the\neffectiveness of in-plant controls. To be\nmost effective, such sampling and\nanalysis would be carried out in\nconjunction with Agency HACCP-\nverification and other verification\nactivities.\nFSIS also regards market sampling as\na potentially useful tool for enforcing\nthe statutes prohibiting the distribution\nin commerce of adulterated and\nmisbranded meat and poultry products\nand for checking the effectiveness of\nestablishment process controls.\nVerDate 06-MAY-99 12:48 May 17, 1999 Jkt 183247 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\\FR\\FM\\18MYP1.XXX pfrm07 PsN: 18MYP1 26896 Federal Register /Vol. 64, No. 95 /Tuesday, May 18, 1999 /Proposed Rules\nMarketplace sampling and testing can\nalso help in addressing food safety\nhazards arising in post-processing\ndistribution of meat and poultry\nproducts.\nThis proposal would affect, overall, as\nmany as 72 poultry slaughtering\nestablishments and about 3,550\nestablishments that process meat and\npoultry products beyond slaughtering,\ndressing, and cut-up. The most far-\nreaching effect of the rule would be to\nincrease the flexibility establishments\nhave in controlling their processes. This\nbenefit would arise from eliminating the\nrequired PQC program elements in\n§§318.4(d) and 381.145(d).\nWith or without this proposal,\nestablishment HACCP plans will\nsupersede or incorporate the few PQC\nprograms that control food-safety\nfactors. Under the proposal, most\nestablishments that have PQC programs\nthat control for non-food safety factors\nwould continue to use the programs. In\nall likelihood, in developing new PQC\nprograms, they would continue to\ninclude the information now required\nby FSIS. They would also be free to\nadopt other methods of process control\nand different techniques of observation,\nmeasurement, documentation,\nrecordkeeping, and evaluation than are\nprescribed in the current regulations.\nThey could change their PQC-controlled\noperations to integrate their food quality\nprocess control more effectively with\ntheir HACCP system operations to\nimprove overall efficiency. For example,\nraw material control, now a required\nelement in PQC programs, could be\nhandled under an establishment?s\nHACCP plan, as could process controls\nfor food safety. Similarly, the records\nrequirements for PQC programs could\nbe superseded by more efficient and\nappropriate establishment-developed\nsystems. Establishments would thus be\nable to achieve unquantifiable gains in\nefficiency that would yield food-safety\nand other consumer-protection benefits.\nFSIS-inspected establishments\ndevelop about 1,900 PQC programs a\nyear according to regulatory design\nspecifications. Assuming that a PQC\nprogram is developed by a QC manager\nearning about $26 an hour, and that it\ntakes about 20 hours, on average, to\ndevelop a PQC program, the cost to an\nestablishment of developing such a\nprogram is about $520. FSIS estimates\nthat the cost to the regulated industry of\ndeveloping such programs is about\n$1,000,000 per year.\nThis cost of developing PQC programs\naccording to FSIS requirements, plus\n$13 million in annual operating costs\nfor about 1,852 mandatory (required by\nregulation) PQC programs ($26/hr. X260 hrs./yr./program X 1,852 programs),\nadd up to about $14 million in costs to\nthe regulated industry.\nFor most establishments, the proposal\nwould not yield immediate, direct\nsavings from removal of burdens\nassociated with developing PQC\nprograms because most PQC programs\nare voluntarily adopted by\nestablishments. Establishments likely\nwould continue the use of QC methods\nin their operations, so the removal of the\nregulatory requirement for\nestablishments to follow the regulatory\ndesign specifications would not\nimmediately yield a savings to\nestablishments. Further, a substantial\nproportion of the costs of complying\nwith this regulation was removed with\nthe publication of the final rule\neliminating prior approvals for facilities,\nequipment, and PQC programs (62 FR\n45016; August 25, 1997).\nHowever, FSIS currently requires that\nif establishments adopt PQC programs,\nthe programs must meet certain design\nspecifications and must contain certain\nspecified information. Some\nestablishments that are required to have\nPQC programs for certain products and\nprocesses would benefit from the\nremoval of burdens associated with\ndeveloping PQC programs. These\nestablishments, including those\ninvolved in producing MS(S), meat cuts\ntreated with organic acids, and other\nprocessing, could benefit from shifting\nsome portion of their PQC program\ndevelopment and operation costs into\nHACCP-related or other activities.\nAlso, under the proposed regulatory\namendments, establishments would\nhave greater freedom to innovate. An\nindeterminate proportion of the annual\nburden of developing PQC programs\naccording to FSIS specifications could\neventually be channeled into more\nefficient and effective use of industry\nresources, especially where PQC\nprograms have been operated.\nThus, although there would not be a\ndirect savings from the removal of the\nregulatory requirements governing PQC\nprograms, the industry potentially\nwould be able to make more efficient\nand effective use of the $1 million or so\nin annual costs of developing the\nprograms.\nFinally, the proposed rule would\npermit FSIS to reallocate field\ninspection and headquarters resources\nnow used in oversight of establishment-\noperated PQC programs to higher\npriority food safety-related activities.\nRegulatory Flexibility Act\nThe Administrator of FSIS has\ndetermined that this proposed rule will\nnot have a significant effect on asubstantial number of small entities.\nThe proposal would affect about 72\npoultry slaughtering establishments,\nmost of which are large business\nenterprises. It also would affect as many\nas 3,550 official meat and poultry\nprocessing establishments, of which a\nsubstantial majority, 3,330, are\nconsidered small entities under Small\nBusiness Administration criteria (500 or\nfewer employees per establishment).\nHowever, the proposal would not have\na significant effect on these\nestablishments. It would impose no new\nregulatory requirements necessitating\ninvestments or other resource\ncommitments by establishments but\nwould, by removing a number of\nexisting regulatory requirements, permit\nmore efficient resource utilization,\nespecially to support establishment\nHACCP systems.\nThe proposal would remove most\nremaining requirements for\nestablishments to have PQC programs\nfor certain products or processes and the\ngeneral requirement concerning the\ndesign of such programs. The proposal\nwould give inspected establishments\ngreater flexibility to innovate and to\nintroduce new processes or products\nthat meet HACCP or other consumer\nprotection objectives. As a result, the\nproposal would theoretically provide\nseveral thousand dollars of regulatory\nrelief annually per establishment.\nThe proposal would enable\nestablishments to avoid the costs\nassociated with developing and\nimplementing PQC programs that\naddress regulatory requirements for the\nuse of certain substances in preparation\nof meat and poultry products, such as\nthe use of organic acids to delay\ndiscoloration of fresh meat cuts.\nThermal processing establishments (of\nwhich there are about 130) would avoid\nthe costs associated with developing\nPQC programs according to Agency\nspecifications and the costs associated\nwith obtaining Agency prior approvals.\nAs many as 3,330 small\nestablishments would no longer be\nrequired to operate PQC programs for\ncertain processes (such as PQC\nprograms for processing cooked beef)\nand products (such as mechanically\nseparated, or ``deboned,'' product).\nSmall and large establishments would\ntheoretically save about $520 per PQC\nprogram in development costs for 320\nmandatory PQC programs, or $161,720\ntotal. Out of this total, small\nestablishments would save about\n$151,320. Small establishments could\nthus be expected to save about $4,000\neach in annual recurring costs\nassociated with developing mandatory\nPQC programs.\nVerDate 06-MAY-99 12:48 May 17, 1999 Jkt 183247 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\\FR\\FM\\18MYP1.XXX pfrm07 PsN: 18MYP1 26897 Federal Register /Vol. 64, No. 95 /Tuesday, May 18, 1999 /Proposed Rules\nOperating costs of PQC programs vary\nwidely. A simple PQC program to verify\nthe accuracy of scales, for example, may\nrequire that tests be performed only\nseveral times a year, at little cost in\noperator time. A PQC program for a\ncomplex process, on the other hand,\nmay require daily tests and data\ncollection and recordkeeping tasks\nlasting up to 4 hours. For the purposes\nof this document, PQC programs are\neach assumed to require up to 1 hour's\nworth of daily attention by the\nestablishment QC specialist. The\nremoval of the PQC requirements\nwould, at least theoretically, relieve\nsmall establishments of these burdens.\nAssuming, for example, that small\nestablishments incur annual costs of\nabout $12,000,000 in operating\nmandatory PQC programs (solely in\noperating the QC evaluation process of\nsuch programs, and not including\nlaboratory analysis, and other special\nfacilities that may be required to\ndetermine whether products are in\ncompliance with the regulations), each\nestablishment could theoretically save\nabout $4,000 in PQC program\noperations.\nIn addition, small establishments\nwould benefit through unquantifiable\nsavings accruing from removal of\nregulatory design requirements for both\nmandatory and voluntary PQC\nprograms. They would have additional\nflexibility, beyond the removal of prior\napproval requirements effected by FSIS\nDocket No. 95±032F, to develop and\nimplement HACCP-consistent or other\nprocess control systems.\nThus, about $8,000 in recurring\nsavings could theoretically accrue to\neach small meat and poultry\nestablishment. However, because many,\nif not most, affected establishments\nwould be likely to continue to operate\nPQC programs that help in producing\nproducts with consistent and uniform\ncharacteristics, establishments may not\nchoose to reap the theoretical savings\nthat could result from eliminating their\nPQC programs. The effect of the\nproposed rule on the substantial numberof affected small establishments would\nthus not likely be substantial.\nPaperwork Requirements\nTitle: Processing Procedures and\nQuality Control Systems.\nType of Collection: Revision.\nAbstract: FSIS has reviewed the\npaperwork and recordkeeping\nrequirements in this proposed rule in\naccordance with the Paperwork\nReduction Act. This proposed rule\nwould substantially reduce reporting\nrequirements for official establishments.\nThe proposed rule would remove the\ndesign requirements affecting most PQC\nprograms that establishments have and\nmost requirements for establishments to\nhave PQC programs for certain products\nor processes. Currently, there are\n624,465 burden hours associated with\nthe PQC program requirements. FSIS\nwill request OMB to eliminate all these\nburden hours from the information\ncollection request 0083±0089.\nList of Subjects\n9 CFR Part 317\nMeat inspection, Reporting and\nrecordkeeping requirements.\n9 CFR Part 318\nMeat inspection, Reporting and\nrecordkeeping requirements.\n9 CFR Part 319\nFood labeling, Meat inspection.\n9 CFR Part 381\nPoultry and poultry products,\nReporting and recordkeeping\nrequirements.\nFor the reasons set forth in the\npreamble, FSIS is proposing to amend 9\nCFR Chapter III, the Federal meat and\npoultry inspection regulations, as\nfollows:\nPART 317ÐLABELING, MARKING\nDEVICES, AND CONTAINERS\n1. The authority citation for part 317\nwould continue to read as follows:\nAuthority: 21 U.S.C. 601±695; 7 CFR 2.18,\n2.53.§317.21 [Amended]\n2. Paragraph (b) of § 317.21 would be\namended by removing the comma and\nall words following the word ``person''.\nPART 318ÐENTRY INTO OFFICIAL\nESTABLISHMENTS; REINSPECTION\nAND PREPARATION OF PRODUCTS\n3. The authority citation for part 318\nwould continue to read as follows:\nAuthority: 7 U.S.C. 138f, 450, 1901±1906;\n21 U.S.C. 601±695; 7 CFR 2.18, 2.53.\n§318.4 [Amended]\n4. Paragraph (d) of § 318.4 would be\nremoved.\n5. Section 318.7 would be amended to\nread as follows:\na. Paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (b)(3)(ii)\nwould be revised;\nb. The table in paragraph (c)(4), under\nthe Class of substance ``Miscellaneous,''\nthe entry for the Substance ``Ascorbic\nacid, erythorbic acid, citric acid, sodium\nacetate, and sodium citrate, singly or in\ncombination'' would be revised.\nThe revisions would read as follows:\n§318.7 Approval of substances for use in\nthe preparation of products.\n* * * * *\n(b) * * *\n(3) * * *\n(i) 100 ppm ingoing (potassium nitrite\nat 123 ppm ingoing); and 550 ppm\nsodium ascorbate or sodium erythorbate\n(isoascorbate) shall be used; or\n(ii) A predetermined level between 40\nand 80 ppm (potassium nitrite at a level\nbetween 49 and 99 ppm); 550 ppm\nsodium ascorbate or sodium erythorbate\n(isoascorbate); and additional sucrose or\nother similar fermentable carbohydrate\nat a minimum of 0.7 percent and an\ninoculum of lactic acid producing\nbacteria such as Pediococcus acetolactii\nor other bacteria demonstrated to be\nequally effective in preventing the\nproduction of botulinum toxin at a level\nsufficient for the purpose of preventing\nthe production of botulinum toxin.\n* * * * *\n(c) * * *\n(4) * * *\nClass of sub-\nstanceSubstance Purpose Product Amount\n* * * * * * *\nMiscellaneous Ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid,\ncitric acid, sodium ascor-\nbate and sodium citrate,\nsingly or in combination .To delay dis-\ncoloration .Fresh beef\ncuts, fresh\nlamb cuts,\nand fresh\npork cuts.Not to exceed, singly or in combination, 500 ppm or 1.8 mg/\nsq inch of product surface of ascorbic acid (in accordance\nwith 21 CFR 182.3013), erythorbic acid (in accordance\nwith 21 CFR 182.3041), or sodium ascorbate (in accord-\nance with 21 CFR 182.3731); and/or not to exceed, singly\nor in combination, 250 ppm or 0.9 mg/sq inch of product\nsurface of citric acid (in accordance with 21 CFR\n182.6033), or sodium citrate (in accordance with 21 CFR\n182.6751).\nVerDate 06-MAY-99 17:17 May 17, 1999 Jkt 183247 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\\FR\\FM\\18MYP1.XXX pfrm08 PsN: 18MYP1 26898 Federal Register /Vol. 64, No. 95 /Tuesday, May 18, 1999 /Proposed Rules\nClass of sub-\nstanceSubstance Purpose Product Amount\n* * * * * * *\n* * * * *\n6. Paragraphs (a)(1)(ii) and paragraph\n(f) of § 318.305 would be revised to read\nas follows:\n§318.305 Equipment and procedures for\nheat processing systems.\n(a) * * *\n(1) * * *\n(i) * * *\n(ii) Other devices. Temperature-\nindicating devices used in lieu of\nmercury-in-glass thermometers, such as\nresistance temperature detectors, shall\nmeet known, accurate standards for\nsuch devices when tested for accuracy.\nThe records of such testing shall be\navailable to FSIS program employees.\n* * * * *\n(f) Other systems. All other systems\nnot specifically delineated in this\nsection and used for the thermal\nprocessing of canned product shall be\nadequate to produce shelf-stable\nproducts consistently and uniformly.\n* * * * *\n7. Paragraph (b) of § 318.307 would be\nrevised to read as follows:\n§318.307 Record review and maintenance.\n* * * * *\n(b) Automated process monitoring\nand recordkeeping. Automated process\nmonitoring and recordkeeping systems\nshall be designed and operated in a\nmanner which will ensure compliance\nwith the applicable requirements of\n§ 318.306.\n* * * * *\n8. In § 318.308, paragraph (b) would\nbe revised, paragraph (c) would be\nremoved and reserved, and paragraph\n(d) introductory text would be revised to\nread as follows:\n§318.308 Deviations in processing.\n* * * * *\n(b) Deviations in processing (or\nprocess deviations) shall be handled:\n(1) Under a HACCP plan for thermally\nprocessed/commercially sterile product\nthat addresses hazards associated with\nmicrobial contamination; or\n(i) Under the provisions of paragraph\n(d) of this section; or\n(2) Until the establishment is subject\nto part 417 of this chapter,\n(i) Under an FSIS-approved total\nquality control system; or\n(ii) Under alternative documented\nprocedures for handling process\ndeviations that will ensure that onlyproduct that is safe and stable is\nshipped in commerce.\n(c) [Reserved]\n(d) Procedures for handling process\ndeviations where the HACCP plan for\nthermally processed/commercially\nsterile product does not address food\nsafety hazards associated with microbial\ncontamination, where there is no\napproved total quality control system, or\nwhere the establishment has no\nalternative documented procedures for\nhandling process deviations.\n* * * * *\n9. In § 318.309, paragraph (a) would\nbe revised, paragraphs (b) and (c) would\nbe removed and reserved, and paragraph\n(d) introductory text would be revised,\nto read as follows:\n§318.309 Finished product inspection.\n(a) Finished product inspections shall\nbe handled:\n(1) Under the provisions of paragraph\n(d) of this section;\n(2) Under a HACCP plan for thermally\nprocessed/commercially sterile products\nthat addresses hazards associated with\nmicrobiological contamination;\n(3) Under an FSIS-approved total\nquality control system; or\n(4) Under alternative documented\nprocedures that will ensure that only\nsafe and stable product is shipped in\ncommerce.\n(b) [Reserved]\n(c) [Reserved]\n(d) Procedures for handling finished\nproduct inspections where the HACCP\nplan for thermally processed/\ncommercially sterile product does not\naddress food safety hazards associated\nwith microbial contamination, where\nthere is no approved total quality\ncontrol system, or where the\nestablishment has no alternative\ndocumented procedures for handling\nfinished product inspections.\n* * * * *\nPART 319ÐDEFINITIONS AND\nSTANDARDS OF IDENTITY OR\nCOMPOSITION\n10. The authority citation for part 319\ncontinues to read as follows:\nAuthority: 7 U.S.C. 450, 1901±1906; 21\nU.S.C. 601±695; 7 CFR 2.18, 2.53.\n11. Paragraph (e)(2) of § 319.5 would\nbe revised to read as follows:§319.5 Mechanically Separated (Species).\n* * * * *\n(e) * * *\n(2) Analytical methods used by\nestablishments in verifying the fat,\nprotein, and calcium content of product\nconsisting of or containing\nMechanically Separated (Species) shall\nbe among those listed in ``Official\nMethods of Analysis of the Association\nof Official Analytical Chemists\n(AOAC),'' 16th edition, 1995, §§ 960.39,\n976.21, 928.08 (Chapter 39), and 940.33\n(Chapter 45), which is incorporated by\nreference, or, if no AOAC method is\navailable, in the ``Chemistry Laboratory\nGuidebook,'' U.S. Department of\nAgriculture, Washington, DC, March\n1986 edition, sections 6.011±6.013,\nRevised June 1987 (pages 6±35 through\n6±65), or by appropriate methods\nvalidated by scientific bodies in\ncollaborative trials. The ``Official\nMethods of Analysis of the Association\nof Official Analytical Chemists,'' 16th\nedition, 1995, is incorporated by\nreference with the approval of the\nDirector of the Federal Register in\naccordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1\nCFR Part 51.\n§319.104 [Amended]\n12. Section 319.104 would be\namended in paragraph (a) by removing\nthe last sentence of footnote 3 to the\nchart.\n§319.105 [Amended]\n13. Section 319.105 would be\namended in paragraph (a) by removing\nthe last sentence of footnote 2 to the\nchart.\nPART 381ÐPOULTRY PRODUCTS\nINSPECTION REGULATIONS\n14. The authority citation for part 381\ncontinues to read as follows:\nAuthority: 7 U.S.C. 138f, 450; 21 U.S.C.\n451±470; 7 CFR 2.18, 2.53.\n15. Section 381.76 would be amended\nto read as follows:\na. Paragraph (b)(1)(ii)( b) would be\nrevised.\nb. Paragraph (b)(1)(iii)( b) would be\nrevised.\nc. Paragraph (b)(4)(i)( a), introductory\ntext, would be revised.\nd. Paragraph (b)(4)(i)( b) would be\nrevised.\ne. Paragraph (b)(4)(ii) would be\nremoved and reserved.\nVerDate 06-MAY-99 17:17 May 17, 1999 Jkt 183247 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\\FR\\FM\\18MYP1.XXX pfrm08 PsN: 18MYP1 26899 Federal Register /Vol. 64, No. 95 /Tuesday, May 18, 1999 /Proposed Rules\nf. Paragraph (b)(4)(iii) would be\nremoved and reserved.\ng. Paragraph (b)(5)(i)( a) introductory\ntext, would be revised.\nh. Paragraph (b)(5)(i)( b) would be\nrevised.\ni. Paragraph (b)(5)(ii) would be\nremoved and reserved.\nj. Paragraph (b)(5)(iii) would be\nremoved and reserved.\nk. Paragraph (c) would be removed.\nThe revisions would read as follows:\n§381.76 Post-mortem inspection, when\nrequired; extent; traditional, Streamlined\nInspection System (SIS), New Line Speed\n(NELS) Inspection System and the New\nTurkey Inspection (NTI) System; rate of\ninspection.\n* * * * *\n(b)(1) * * *\n(ii) * * *\n(b) The Administrator determines that\nthe establishment has the intent and\ncapability to operate at line speeds\ngreater than 70 birds per minute, and\nmeets all the facility requirements in\n§ 381.36(d).\n(iii) * * *\n(b) The Administrator determines that\nthe establishment meets all the facility\nrequirements in § 381.36(e).\n* * * * *\n(4) * * *\n(i) * * *\n(a) Post-mortem inspection. The\nestablishment shall provide three\ninspection stations on each eviscerating\nline in compliance with the facility\nrequirements § 381.36(d)(1). The three\ninspectors shall inspect the inside,\nviscera, and outside of all birds\npresented. Each inspector shall be\nflanked by two establishment\nemployeesÐthe presenter and the\nhelper. The presenter shall ensure that\nthe bird is properly eviscerated and\npresented for inspection and the viscera\nuniformly trailing or leading. The\ninspector shall determine which birds\nshall be salvaged, reprocessed,\ncondemned, retained for disposition by\nthe veterinarian, or allowed to proceed\ndown the line as a passed bird subject\nto reinspection. Poultry carcasses with\ncertain defects not requiring\ncondemnation of the entire carcass shall\nbe passed by the inspector, but shall be\nsubject to reinspection to ensure the\nphysical removal of the specified\ndefects. The helper, under the\nsupervision of the inspector, shall mark\nsuch carcasses for trim when the defects\nare not readily observable. Trimming or\nbirds passed subject to reinspection\nshall be performed by:\n* * * * *\n(b) A reinspection station shall be\nlocated at the end of each line. Thisstation shall comply with the facility\nrequirements in § 381.36(d)(2). The\ninspector shall ensure that the\nestablishment has performed the\nindicated trimming of carcasses passed\nsubject to reinspection by visually\nmonitoring, checking data, and/or\ngathering samples at the station or at\nother critical points on the line.\n(ii) [Reserved]\n(iii) [Reserved]\n(5) * * *\n(i) * * *\n(a) Post-mortem inspection. Each\ninspection station must comply with the\nfacility requirements in § 381.36(e)(1).\nEach inspector shall be flanked by and\nestablishment employee assigned to be\nthe inspector's helper. The one\ninspector on an NTI±1 Inspection\nSystem shall be presented every bird.\nEach inspector on an NTI±2 Inspection\nSystem line shall be presented every\nother bird on the line. An establishment\nemployee shall present each bird to the\ninspector properly eviscerated with the\nback side toward the inspector and the\nviscera uniformly trailing or leading.\nEach inspector shall inspect the inside,\nviscera, and outside of all birds\npresented. The inspector shall\ndetermine which bird shall be salvaged,\nreprocessed, condemned, retained for\ndisposition by a veterinarian, or allowed\nto proceed down the line as a passed\nbird subject to reinspection. Turkey\ncarcasses with certain defects not\nrequiring condemnation of the entire\ncarcass shall be passed by the inspector,\nbut shall be subject to reinspection to\nensure the physical removal of the\nspecified defects. The helper, under the\nsupervision of the inspector, shall mark\nsuch carcasses for trim when the defects\nof birds passed subject to reinspection\nshall be performed by:\n* * * * *\n(b) Reinspection. A reinspection\nstation shall be located at the end of the\nlines. This station shall comply with the\nfacility requirements in § 381.36(e)(2).\nThe inspector shall ensure that\nestablishments have performed the\nindicated trimming of each carcass\npassed subject to reinspection by\nvisually monitoring, checking data, and/\nor sampling product at the reinspection\nstation and, if necessary, at other points,\ncritical to the wholesomeness of\nproduct, on the eviscerating line.\n(ii) [Reserved]\n(iii) [Reserved]\n§381.121d [Amended]\n16. Paragraph (b) of § 381.121d would\nbe amended by removing the comma\nand all words following the word\n``person.''§381.145 [Amended]\n17. Paragraphs (d) and (e) of § 381.145\nwould be removed.\n18. Paragraphs (a)(1)(ii) and (f) of\n§381.305 would be revised to read as\nfollows:\n§381.305 Equipment and procedures for\nheat processing systems.\n(a) * * *\n(1) * * *\n(ii) Other devices. Temperature-\nindicating devices used in lieu of\nmercury-in-glass thermometers, such as\nresistance temperature detectors, shall\nmeet known, accurate standards for\nsuch devices when tested for accuracy.\nThe records of such testing shall be\navailable to FSIS program employees.\n* * * * *\n(f) Other systems. All other systems\nnot specifically delineated in this\nsection and used for the thermal\nprocessing of canned product shall be\nadequate to produce shelf-stable\nproducts consistently and uniformly.\n* * * * *\n19. Paragraph (b) of § 381.307 would\nbe revised to read as follows:\n§381.307 Record review and maintenance.\n* * * * *\n(b) Automated process monitoring\nand recordkeeping. Automated process\nmonitoring and recordkeeping systems\nshall be designed and operated in a\nmanner which will ensure compliance\nwith the applicable requirements of\n§ 381.306.\n* * * * *\n20. In § 381.308, paragraphs (b) would\nbe revised, paragraph (c) would be\nremoved and reserved, and paragraph\n(d) introductory text would be revised to\nread as follows:\n§381.308 Deviations in processing.\n* * * * *\n(b) Deviations in processing (or\nprocess deviations) shall be handled:\n(1) Under a HACCP plan for thermally\nprocessed/commercially sterile product\nthat addresses hazards associated with\nmicrobial contamination; or\n(i) Under the provisions of paragraph\n(d) of this section; or,\n(ii) Under a HACCP plan for thermally\nprocessed/commercially sterile product\nthat addresses hazards associated with\nmicrobial contamination; or\n(2) Until the establishment is subject\nto part 417 of this chapter,\n(i) Under an FSIS-approved total\nquality control system; or\n(ii) Under alternative documented\nprocedures for handling process\ndeviations that will ensure that only\nproduct that is safe and stable is\nshipped in commerce.\nVerDate 06-MAY-99 12:48 May 17, 1999 Jkt 183247 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\\FR\\FM\\18MYP1.XXX pfrm07 PsN: 18MYP1 26900 Federal Register /Vol. 64, No. 95 /Tuesday, May 18, 1999 /Proposed Rules\n(c) [Reserved]\n(d) Procedures for handling process\ndeviations where the HACCP plan for\nthermally processed/commercially\nsterile product does not address food\nsafety hazards associated with microbial\ncontamination, where there is no\napproved total quality control system, or\nwhere the establishment has no\nalternative documented system or\nprocedures for handling process\ndeviations.\n* * * * *\n21. In § 381.309, paragraph (a) would\nbe revised, paragraphs (b) and (c) would\nbe removed and reserved, and paragraph\n(d) introductory text would be revised,\nto read as follows:\n§381.309 Finished product inspection.\n(a) Finished product inspections shall\nbe handled:\n(1) Under the provisions of paragraph\n(d) of this section;\n(2) Under a HACCP plan for thermally\nprocessed/commercially sterile products\nthat addresses hazards associated with\nmicrobiological contamination;\n(3) Under an FSIS-approved total\nquality control system; or\n(4) Under alternative documented\nprocedures that will ensure that only\nproduct that is safe and stable is\nshipped in commerce.\n(b) [Reserved]\n(c) [Reserved]\n(d) Procedures for handling finished\nproduct inspections where the HACCP\nplan for thermally processed/\ncommercially sterile product does not\naddress food safety hazards associated\nwith microbial contamination, where\nthere is no approved total quality\ncontrol system, or where the\nestablishment has no alternative\nprocedures for handling finished\nproduct inspections.\n* * * * *\nDone at Washington, DC, on May 11, 1999.\nThomas J. Billy,\nAdministrator.\n[FR Doc. 99±12352 Filed 5±17±99; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 3410±DM±P\nDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION\nFederal Aviation Administration\n14 CFR Part 25\n[Docket No. NM156, Notice No. 25±99±04±\nSC]\nSpecial Conditions: McDonnell\nDouglas Corporation (MDC) Model\nMD±17 Series Airplanes\nAGENCY: Federal Aviation\nAdministration, DOT.ACTION: Notice of proposed special\nconditions.\nSUMMARY: The FAA proposes to issue\nspecial conditions for the McDonnell\nDouglas Corporation Model MD±17\nairplane. This airplane will have novel\nand unusual design features, including\nthe use of power-augmented-lift from\nexternally blown flaps, for which the\napplicable airworthiness standards for\ntransport category airplanes do not\ncontain adequate or appropriate safety\nstandards. This document contains the\nadditional safety standards that the\nAdministrator considers necessary to\nestablish a level of safety equivalent to\nthat provided by the existing\nairworthiness standards.\nDATES: Comments must be received on\nor before July 2, 1999.\nADDRESSES : Comments on this\ndocument may be mailed in duplicate\nto: Federal Aviation Administration,\nTransport Airplane Directorate, Program\nManagement Branch, Attention: Rules\nDocket (ANM±114), Docket No. NM156,\n1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, WA\n98055±4056; or delivered in duplicate to\nthe Transport Airplane Directorate at\nthe above address. Comments delivered\nmust be marked Docket No. NM156.\nComments may be examined in the\nRules Docket weekdays, except Federal\nholidays, between 7:30 a.m. and 4:30\np.m.\nFORFURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT :\nGerry Lakin, Project Officer, FAA\nTransport Airplane Directorate,\nStandardization Branch, ANM±113,\n1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, WA\n98055±4056; telephone (425) 227±1187;\nfacsimile (425) 227±1149; Email:\ngerald.lakin@faa.gov.\nSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION :\nComments Invited\nInterested persons are invited to\nparticipate in the making of these\nproposed special conditions by\nsubmitting such written data, views, or\narguments as they may desire.\nCommunications should identify the\nregulatory docket or notice number and\nbe submitted in duplicate to the Rules\nDocket address specified above. All\ncommunications received on or before\nthe closing date for comments will be\nconsidered by the Administrator. The\nproposals described in this notice may\nbe changed in light of the comments\nreceived. All comments received will be\navailable in the Rules Docket for\nexamination by interested persons, both\nbefore and after the closing date for\ncomments. A report summarizing each\nsubstantive public contact with FAA\npersonnel concerning this rulemakingwill be filed in the docket. Persons\nwishing the FAA to acknowledge\nreceipt of their comments must submit\nwith those comments a self-addressed,\nstamped postcard on which the\nfollowing statement is made:\n``Comments to Docket No. NM156.'' The\npostcard will be date stamped and\nreturned to the commenter.\nBackground\nOn July 7, 1996, McDonnell Douglas\nCorporation, 2401 E. Wardlow Rd., Long\nBeach, CA 90807±5309, a wholly owned\nsubsidiary of The Boeing Company,\nsubmitted an application for type\ncertification of a commercial version of\nthe Model C±17 military airplane,\ndesignated as the MDC Model MD±17.\nThe MD±17 is a long range, transport\ncategory airplane powered by four Pratt\n& Whitney F±117±PW±100 engines,\nwhich are a military version of the\nPW2040 engines used on other civil\ntransport category airplane types. The\nairplane will be offered in a cargo\nconfiguration only and is designed for\ncarriage of outsized cargo into short\nrunways.\nThe MD±17 airplane will be certified\nas a part 25 transport category airplane\nand, as such, pilots and flight\ninstructors who operate it will have a\nstandard airplane multiengine rating.\nType Certification Basis\nUnder the provisions of § 21.17,\nMcDonnell Douglas must show that the\nMD±17 complies with the applicable\nprovisions of 14 CFR part 25, as\namended by Amendments 25±1 through\n25±87. In addition, the certification\nbasis includes part 36, as amended at\nthe time of certification; part 34, as\namended at the time of certification; any\nsubsequent amendments to part 25 that\nare required for operation under part\n121; and the special conditions resulting\nfrom the proposals specified in this\nnotice.\nIf the Administrator finds that the\napplicable airworthiness regulations\n(i.e., part 25) do not contain adequate or\nappropriate safety standards for the\nMD±17 because of a novel or unusual\ndesign feature, special conditions are\nprescribed under the provisions of\n§ 21.16.\nIn addition to the applicable\nairworthiness regulations and special\nconditions, the MD±17 must comply\nwith the fuel vent and exhaust emission\nrequirements of part 34 and the noise\ncertification requirements of part 36,\nand the FAA must issue a finding of\nregulatory adequacy pursuant to § 611 of\nPub. L. 92±574, the ``Noise Control Act\nof 1972.''\nVerDate 06-MAY-99 17:17 May 17, 1999 Jkt 183247 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\\FR\\FM\\18MYP1.XXX pfrm08 PsN: 18MYP1"
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] | {
"pdf_file": "JURJWHBJYQUR24R3TCPBVLLOFDBTQK5S.pdf",
"text": "District Local Rule Crim 58.1 (Criminal) \nASSIG NMENT OF CRIMINAL MATTERS\nTO MAGISTRATE J UDGES\n(a) Misdemeanor Cases. All misdemeanor cases shall be assigned, upon the filing of an information or\nthe return of an indictment, to one of the district judges and then delivered to a magistrate judge to\nconduct the arraignment. All magistrate judges are specifically designated to exercise misdemeanor\njurisdiction. If the defendant consents to a trial of the case by a magistrate judge, the magistrate judge\nshall proceed in accordance with the provisions of 18 U.S.C. § 3401 and Fed. R. Crim. P. 58. \n(b) Felony Cases. Upon the return of an indictment or the filing of an information, all felony cases shall\nbe assigned by the Clerk of Court to one of the district judges and then delivered to a magistrate judge to\nconduct an arraignment, to appoint counsel when appropriate, and to resolve other preliminary matters\npursuant to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure , including entry of the procedural order. Upon\nreceipt of a not guilty plea, the magistrate judge shall set the matter for trial before the assigned district\njudge. If the defendant advises the magistrate judge that he or she wishes to enter a plea of guilty or\nnolo contendere , the magistrate judge shall inform the district judge so the matter can be place on the\ndistrict judge’s calendar.\nRELATED AUTHORITY\n28 U.S.C. § 636(b)\n18 U.S.C. § 3401\nFed. R. Crim. P. 58\n "
} |
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"text": " \n \nFor Release Upon Delivery 2 p.m., July 9, 2008 \n \n \n \nTESTIMONY OF \nKATHRYN E. DICK \n \nDEPUTY COMPTROLLER FOR CREDIT AND MARKET RISK \n \nCOMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY \n \nBEFORE THE \n \nSUBCOMMITTEE ON SECURITIES, INSURANCE, AND INVESTMENT \n \nOF THE \n \nCOMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN AFFAIRS \n \nUNITED STATES SENATE \n \nJULY 9, 2008 \n \nStatement Required by 12 U.S.C. § 250: \n The views expressed herein are those of th e Office of the Comptroller of the Currency \nand do not necessarily represent the views of the President. 1 \nI. Introduction \nGood afternoon Chairman Reed, Ranking Me mber Allard and members of the \nSubcommittee. My name is Kathy Dick a nd I am a Deputy Comptroller for Credit and \nMarket Risk at the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). I am pleased to be \nhere today to testify at the Subcommitt ee’s hearing on Reducing Risks and Improving \nOversight in the Over-The-Counter (O TC) Credit Derivatives Market. \nAs you know, the OCC charters, regulates, and supervises all national banks. At \nthe end of 2007, there were 1,709 banks in the national banking system, with total assets \nof $7.8 trillion; that is one of every five banks in the United States, with 70 percent of all \ncommercial banking assets. These include the country’s largest, most complex banks, a \nnumber of which are significan t participants in the deriva tives markets. Although more \nthan 1,000 commercial banks reported holdings of derivatives in their first quarter call \nreport filings, the bulk of derivatives activity within the commercial banking industry is \nconcentrated in a small number of institutions, most of which are national banking organizations.\n1 It is the OCC’s view that bank de rivatives businesses are appropriately \nconcentrated in these large national banks becau se they have the resources, including risk \nmanagement expertise and control systems, to control derivatives-related risks in a safe \nand sound manner. This concentration also reflects the important role these large \nnational banks serve as financial intermedia ries for a wide range of clients who use \nderivatives to manage and facilitate their bus iness transactions and risk exposures. Given \nbanks’ role as financial intermediaries, ensu ring that the OTC derivatives market operates \n \n1 Please see the attached OCC Quarterly Report on Bank Trading and Derivatives Activities – First Quarter \n2008. 2efficiently and effectively is of concern fo r both the OCC and the banks we supervise. \nAccordingly, the OCC spends a considerable amount of time and resources evaluating the \nrisk control systems these banks use to manage risks in derivatives markets. \nI have structured my testimony to focus on th e areas of particular interest to this \nSubcommittee, as outlined in your June 27, 2008, letter of invitation. My testimony \ntoday will include the supervis ion of credit derivatives act ivities in national banks, the \nwork being done to strengthen the infrastruc ture in the credit derivatives market, the \nOCC’s view on benefits that may be derived from establishing a cen tral counterparty for \nclearing credit derivatives and the possible implications of an exchange for credit \nderivatives, and finally the OCC’s view on the ne ed for additional legislation in this area. \nFirst, I will provide bac kground on what credit derivatives are, the size of the \ncredit derivatives market and the volume of this activity in the banks supervised by the \nOCC. \nCredit derivatives are financial contracts that allow market participants to take, or \nreduce, credit risks. For example, an institut ion can reduce the credit risk associated with \na loan or bond by purchasing cred it protection on the obligor using a credit default swap. \nSimilarly, credit default swaps enable financial institutions to manage their credit risk profile by purchasing credit protection agai nst obligors in an industry where an \nundesirable concentration of expos ures exists and to further di versify their credit risk by \nselling protection on entities in other industries where th e institution has little or no \nexposure. Like other financial derivatives , when used properly, credit derivatives can \nhelp to diversify credit risk, improve earnings, an d lower the risk profile of an institution. 3The credit derivatives market experienced significant growth over the previous \nfour years, coinciding with a period in which both interest rates and credit spreads were \nhistorically low. In this benign market e nvironment, investor demand for higher yielding \nproducts drove banks and dealer firms, in their capacity as risk intermediaries, to \nstructure investment products that sometime s included a credit derivatives component. \nFor example, collateralized debt obligations may contain both cash credit instruments, \nsuch as loans and bonds, as well as credit derivatives as the source of underlying \nexposures. \nBased upon financial information from quarterly call repor t data, the credit \nderivatives market among all U.S. insured co mmercial banks totals more than $16 trillion \nin notional exposure as of March 31, 2008, up from $1.0 trillion at year-end 2003.2 This \ncompares with a total notional amount of $180.3 tr illion for all derivatives in U.S. insured \ncommercial banks at the end of the first qua rter of 2008. Credit derivatives have grown \nat a compounded annual growth rate of 100% since 2003, while total notional derivatives \nhave grown at a rate of 21% over the same peri od. It is important to note that the total \nnotional amount is not a good proxy for risk in derivatives contracts, but generally is \nindicative of levels of business volumes. \nThe primary derivatives-related risks fo cused on by the OCC are credit risk, price \nrisk, and operational risk. Cr edit risk in derivatives transa ctions arises from the exposure \nthat exists to the counterpart y in the transaction. This counterparty credit risk is \nsignificant and varies over time because it changes as market factors change. Banks therefore use models to estimate how much exposure they will have to a counterparty over the life of a portfolio of derivatives contracts, as we ll as shorter time intervals, as \n \n \n2 OCC’s Quarterly Report on Bank Trading an d Derivatives Activities - First Quarter 2008. 4appropriate. During the last twelve mont hs, financial institu tions experienced a \nsignificant growth in current credit exposur e, driven by decreasing interest rates, \nwidening credit spreads, and ongoing market volat ility. At the end of the first quarter, net \ncurrent credit exposure from all derivatives reported by insured U.S. banks was $465 \nbillion, 50% higher than in th e fourth quarter and 159% highe r than a year ago. Gross \ncounterparty exposures from credit derivatives have grown even more rapidly, increasing \n86% in the first quarter, and 500% over the past 12 months. \nUnlike credit risk, price risk in derivativ es activities – that is, changes in the \nmarket value of derivatives contracts – in th e large national banks has traditionally been \nlow because of their primary role as financia l intermediaries. For example, the current \ncredit risk exposure for the three largest na tional banks’ derivatives activities was $311 \nbillion as of the end of the first quarter and by comparison, th e quarterly average Value at \nRisk (VaR) reported for these three firms was $553 million. Price risk is typically \ncontrolled and measured by a VaR system, which is a statistical measure that banks use to \nquantify the maximum loss that could occur, over a specified time horizon and at a \ncertain confidence interval, duri ng normal market conditions. \nOf growing concern in the OTC derivativ es markets over recent years has been \nthe issue of operational risk, which includes lo sses that may occur due to back office and \nprocess failures. The significant growth in the credit derivatives market over the last several years has contributed to greater levels of operational risk e xposures due to system \ninfrastructure constraints and the potential for operational errors. To date, we have not \nidentified any significant operati onal losses that have arisen in national banks due to back \noffice or processing problems, but the vulnerability is greater t oday due to the increase in 5the size of the credit derivatives market as well as the rising levels of concern about \ncounterparty and underlying obligor credit quality. \n \nII. OCC Supervision of Derivatives \nAs I noted earlier, deriva tives activity in the U.S. commercial banking system is \ndominated by a small group of large financial institutions. The top five banks involved in \nthe trading of derivatives are national banks supervised by the OCC. These five large \ncommercial banks represent 97% of the total commercial bank industry notional amount \nand 93% of total trading re venues as of March 31, 2008. L ooking specifically at credit \nderivatives, these same five institutions conduc t nearly all of the tr ading activity for U.S. \ncommercial banks. \nThe OCC has been, and continues to be, a l eader in the supervision of derivatives \nactivity. In 1993, the OCC issued comprehe nsive guidance on the risk management \npractices required to conduct the derivativ es business in a safe and sound manner (OCC \nBanking Circular 277). OCC examiners c onducted the first horizontal review for \nderivatives activities in 1994 us ing that guidance. In subse quent years, the OCC issued \nadditional guidance to both field examiner s and bankers highlighting our supervisory \nexpectations regarding this ac tivity. In 1996, when credit derivatives were first becoming \nprominent, we issued guidance to examiners on supervisory issues related to banks’ use \nof these products. These guidelines were supplemented with the “Risk Management of \nFinancial Derivatives” examination handbook that was issued in 1997. In 1999, we updated Banking Circular 277 and our examination handbook with guidance that summarized key lessons learned from the market disruptions associated with 6deterioration in Asian, Eastern European and Latin America countries and the failure of \nLong Term Capital Management. Later this ye ar, we plan to issue another update of our \nguidance to reflect lessons learned from the current market disruption. \nIn 1995, the OCC began conducting a quarterly analysis of the de rivatives market \nusing financial information from call report data submitted by national banks. We originally designed and published th is work in an effort to help others to evaluate risks in \nthe national banking system and to understand th e risk profile of these institutions with \nregard to trading activities. In addition, this analysis allows us to identify trends in \nderivatives activity or potential risk ma nagement concerns systemically and for \nindividual institutions, which we then discuss with our field staff. \nThe foundation of the OCC’s supervisory e fforts in the derivatives area is our \ncontinuous, on-site presence of examiners at each of our largest banks. Supervisory \nstrategies are developed for each institution th at are risk-based and focused on the more \ncomplex banking activities. Our risk-based supe rvision is flexible, allowing strategies to \nbe revised to reflect the ch anging risk profile of the s upervised institutions. \n Our supervisory goal is to ensure ba nks have sound risk governance processes \ngiven the nature of their risk -taking activities. At these la rge banks, resident teams of \nOCC specialists in capital ma rkets and credit risk, supplemented by PhD economists \ntrained in quantitative finance, engage in ev aluations of the suite of risks arising from \nderivatives activities in general, and also cr edit derivatives activities specifically. This \nprocess involves regu lar monitoring of risk positions as well as periodic, targeted \nexaminations of specific trading areas or bus iness operations including credit derivatives. \nThe purpose of our targeted examinations is to validate that management has appropriate 7practices in place to identify, measure, monito r and control trading risks. We evaluate \nthe integrity and effectiveness of their risk management systems, and perform \ntransactional testing. We also evaluate th e level of operational risk associated with \ntrading activities and th e appropriateness of position valuatio ns and financial reporting. \nOur supervisory conclusions, including any risk management concerns, are \ncommunicated directly to bank senior ma nagement. Thus, not only is there ongoing \nevaluation, but there is also a process for timely and effective co rrective action when \nneeded. \n \nIII. Strengthening the Credit Derivatives Infrastructure \nAs the volume of credit derivatives activities increased in recent years, there were \nearly warning signs that the system in frastructure, with its manual processing \nenvironment for trade confirmations, was not keeping pace. The early warning signs \narose in the form of metrics released by the International Swaps and Derivatives \nAssociation (ISDA) in its annual margin survey which showed deteri orating trends with \nrespect to the volume and length of time that confirmations were remaining outstanding \nin all derivatives portfolios, but signif icantly in credit de rivatives space. \nThe Federal Reserve Bank of New York convened a group of global supervisors \nand key market participants in September 2005 to begin what has become an ongoing dialogue on over-the-counter deri vatives infrastructure issu es. This initiative and \ncontinual dialogue between supe rvisors and the industry has driven significant market \nimprovements in a relatively short time horiz on. Collectively, supervisors have focused \nindustry attention on reducing the volume of outstanding confirmation backlogs while 8increasing automation to ensure a stronger fina ncial market infrastr ucture going forward. \nAs a result of this effort, we have seen an average reduction of 86% of outstanding \nconfirmations greater than thirty days among pa rticipants from initial peaks. This effort \nhas been aided by the 2005 ISDA Novations Protocol, which reinforced industry \nrequirements to obtain the proper consent of a ffected parties when processing transferred \nor novated contracts. Similarly, automation of credit derivatives has more than doubled \nsince September 2005, such that approximately 91% of all trades are now processed \nelectronically. \nThis collaborative effort has delivered other significant milestones in industry \ninfrastructure improvements. The industry developed a trade information warehouse that \nholds records of many legacy and current credit derivatives trades. This centralized trade \ninformation should aid in future tradi ng, quarterly payments and credit event \nmanagement. It has already helped in early stage central settlement of quarterly premium \npayments by netting those payments and thereby reducing the dollar flow of cash \npayments by approximately 98%. \nDespite this improvement, however, supe rvisors recognized last summer that \nbank processing platforms were still sensitive to volume changes, as evidenced by rising \nconfirmation backlogs resulting from the volum e spike that occurred at the beginning of \nthe current turmoil in credit markets. As a result, bank supervisors redoubled efforts to \nreduce confirmation backlogs, and shifted the focus to front-office initiatives to address \nthe scale issues exposed by last year’s mark et turmoil. The front-office focus emphasizes \nthe need for dealers to routinely match a nd clear trades on the trade date, and to \nmaximize efficiency through standardization and automation. 9As the primary regulator for national banks, the OCC has been an active \nparticipant in this interagency effort. For th e institutions we supervise, the OCC has been \nresponsible for evaluating the monthly operati onal risk reports, identifying systemic risk \nissues, and discussing implementation issues. We have provided input to the industry \ngroup regarding the adequacy of the industry- wide solutions and commitments, and the \ndevelopment of appropriate risk metrics. The OCC participates in regular conference \ncalls with supervisors from around the globe to discuss industry progress and to reinforce \nthe infrastructure improvement goals. \nThe recent joint meeting among supervisors and key derivatives market \nparticipants on June 9, 2008, involved the disc ussion of several newer initiatives and \nresulted in us reaching agreement on an expanded set of future goals. The industry is in the process of developing a new commitment le tter to supervisors that will address new \nprocessing goals, a central counterparty cl earinghouse, a credit event management \nmechanism, a reduction of outstanding trade vo lumes via multilateral trade terminations, \nand an extension of the project across other derivatives markets including interest rate, \nequities, foreign exchange and commodity derivatives. \n \nIV. Central Counterparties and Exchanges \nAs I noted earlier, bank derivative trad ing activities pose material counterparty \ncredit and operational risks. In the intere st of bank safety and soundness, as well as for \nthe health of the entire financial system, the OCC encourages market-based efforts to \npromptly reduce these risks. The OCC does not have a position, however, on the specific 10format or vehicle to achieve that objective, provided that it effectively reduces these \ncredit and operational risks. \nOne initiative under consideration by superv isors and industry participants is the \ndevelopment of a central counterparty for the clearing of credit derivatives. This is a \nconcept that would enhance risk mitigati on by providing for multilateral netting among \nthe major dealers. A central counterpart y could facilitate the management of \ncounterparty credit risk exposures and redu ce operational risks acro ss the industry. The \ncentral counterparty would manage both c ounterparty credit and operational risks by \ntruncating the volume of trad es among counterparties via a multilateral netting process \nand by implementing forward-looking margin re quirements. Multilateral netting permits \nlong and short positions among multiple counterpa rties to “net down” to a much smaller \nvolume of open transactions because the central counterparty serves as the seller to every \nbuyer, and the buyer to every se ller. With a smaller volume of contracts to be tracked \nand managed left outstanding, the clearinghous e helps to reduce operational risk. \nA clearinghouse model provides a centra l counterparty and involves ownership \nguaranty funding and participant margin struct ure to protect agains t counterparty credit \nrisk. Given a variety of system, standardizati on, risk analysis, and pr icing issues that may \nneed to be resolved, a clearinghouse might initia lly have limited application to only index \ntrades and there may be additional challenges that would need to be addressed as it progresses to other credit derivatives products. \nAnother issue under considera tion is an exchange concep t for credit derivatives. \nIt is our understanding that th e introduction of an exchange structure to the OTC credit \nderivatives market would require significant standardization and poten tially transform the 11nature of that market. Given the proven success of the OTC derivatives markets to \ndeliver customized financial products, and current market-based efforts underway to address credit and operational risks, we do not see a need for the OCC to favor one \nsolution over another. \n \nV. Legislative Oversight Evaluation \n The OCC has had a longstanding positi on that we do not believe that OTC \nderivatives products need to be regulated, in pa rt because the vast ma jority of significant \nparticipants in these markets are regulate d. As I have described, the OCC carefully \nmonitors the participation of national banks in OTC derivatives markets and we spend \nconsiderable resources, individually and coll ectively with other supervisors, providing \ndirect supervisory oversight to the largest national banks who actively participate in these \nmarkets. \n More broadly, the OCC works closely w ith other domestic and international \nregulators to exchange information and coordi nate the supervision of key market players \nthat could pose systemic risks to the financ ial system. In addition to the collaborative \ncredit derivatives infrastructure project previously discussed, the OCC is an active \nparticipant in the Presid ent’s Working Group on Financial Markets, the Senior \nSupervisors Group, the Basel Committee on Banki ng Supervision, the Financial Stability \nForum, and the Joint Forum of senior bank, insurance, and securi ties supervisors that \nComptroller Dugan chairs. These working grou ps recently released a number of reports, \ndiscussing key lessons learned and setti ng forth recommendations for financial 12institutions and their supervisors to e nhance market and institutional resilience.3 We \ncontributed to and support these initiatives. Through these various mechanisms, we are satisfied that we have the necessary \ntools at our disposal to effectively supervise these ba nking activities and as such, we do \nnot see a need for legislative intervention to supplement our ability to regulate the credit \nderivatives of national banks. \nVI. Conclusion \n As I described earlier, it is our belief that credit derivatives, when used properly, \ncan help financial institutions to diversif y credit exposures, improve earnings, and lower \ntheir risk profiles. Large natio nal banks that are active participants in this market, serve \nprimarily as financial intermediaries for bank clients interested is achieving a particular \ncredit risk profile or exposure. The OCC cl osely monitors the activities of these national \nbanks to ensure that they have appropriat e senior management oversight, robust risk \nmanagement systems and the necessary infrastr ucture to support thes e risk intermediation \nactivities. While the growth of the credit de rivatives market has pl aced visible strains on \nsome firms’ operational infrastructures, the OCC and other global supervisors are \nactively working with industry participants to resolve these issues, and we have seen \nmeaningful progress in these efforts to-date. \n \n \n3 Senior Supervisors Group Report, “Observations on Risk Management Practices,” at \nhttp://www.newyorkfed.org/ne wsevents/news/banking/2008/SSG_Risk_Mgt_doc_final.pdf ; \nSenior Supervisors Group Report, “Leading-Practice Disclosures for Selected Exposures” at \nhttp://www.newyorkfed.org/newsev ents/news/banking/2008/SSG_Lead ing_Practice_Disclosures.pdf ; \nPresident’s Working Group, “Policy Statement on Financial Market Developments,” at http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/re ports/pwgpolicystatemktturmoil_03122008.pdf\n; \nFinancial Stability Forum, “Enhancing Market and Institutional Resilience,” at \nhttp://www.fsforum.org/publications /FSF_Report_to_G7_11_April.pdf . \n \n "
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] | {
"pdf_file": "R46ZZRYMTYTEE6CKIBOGNNGSMZ3GD5E2.pdf",
"text": "hBay St LouisGulfportPascagoula Pensacola\nBayChoctawatchee \nBay\nSt. Andr e\nBay\nVe niceAtchafalaya\nBay\nBarataria\nBayBreton\nSoundChandeleur\nSound\nTerrebonne\nBayCaillou\nBayWhite\nLakeVermilion\nBayGrand\nLakeCalcasieu\nLakeLake\nPontchartrainMobile\nBay\nMississippi Sound\n86°0'0\"W86°0'0\"W\n87°0'0\"W87°0'0\"W\n88°0'0\"W88°0'0\"W\n89°0'0\"W89°0'0\"W\n90°0'0\"W90°0'0\"W\n91°0'0\"W91°0'0\"W\n92°0'0\"W92°0'0\"W\n93°0'0\"W93°0'0\"W\n30°0'0\"N 30°0'0\"N\n29°0'0\"N 29°0'0\"N\n28°0'0\"N 28°0'0\"N\n27°0'0\"N 27°0'0\"NhBay St LouisGulfportPascagoula Pensacola\nBayChoctawatchee \nBay\nSt. Andr e\nBay\nVe niceAtchafalaya\nBay\nBarataria\nBayBreton\nSoundChandeleur\nSound\nTerrebonne\nBayCaillou\nBayWhite\nLakeVermilion\nBayGrand\nLakeCalcasieu\nLakeLake\nPontchartrainMobile\nBay\nMississippi Sound\n86°0'0\"W86°0'0\"W\n87°0'0\"W87°0'0\"W\n88°0'0\"W88°0'0\"W\n89°0'0\"W89°0'0\"W\n90°0'0\"W90°0'0\"W\n91°0'0\"W91°0'0\"W\n92°0'0\"W92°0'0\"W\n93°0'0\"W93°0'0\"W\n30°0'0\"N 30°0'0\"N\n29°0'0\"N 29°0'0\"N\n28°0'0\"N 28°0'0\"N\n27°0'0\"N 27°0'0\"NNearshore\nSurface Oil Forecast\nDeepwater Horizon MC252\nNo recoverable oil has been reported by daily overflights since July 30. Daily satellite analyses have indicated a decreasing number of possible oil anomalies since the\nwell has been capped. Recent overflights sent to investigate satellite anomalies have on ly reported seeing seaweed with an occ asional colorless sheen.\nNext Forecast:\nAug. 23rd PMMississippi Canyon 252\nIncident Location\nWe do not expect any recoverable DWH oil to appear in the offshore environment. However, observations will continue into the f oreseeable future. If the need arises,\nsurface oil trajectories will be produced agai n. Periods of onshore winds may result in some scattered tarball impacts for the next few weeks to months.Nearshore\nEstimate for: 1200 CDT, 8/21/10 through 8/23/10 \nDate Prepared: 1800 CDT, Friday, 8/20/10NOAA/NOS/OR&R\n 0 50 100 25\nMilesForecast for 21-Aug.-10 through 23-Aug.-10.\nNOTE: No offshore recoverable oil expected in the forecast\nperiod. Scattered tarball impacts may continue over theforecast period.The next trajectory forecast will beproduced on Monday, Aug. 23"
} |
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"text": "ARCHIVEPage 1 Table of Contents\n16.04.14 - Rules Governing the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program\n000. Legal Authority. ................................................................................................. 3\n001. Title, Scope, And Limitations. ........................................................................... 3\n002. Written Interpretations. ...................................................................................... 3\n003. Administrative Appeals. .................................................................................... 3004. Incorporation By Reference. ............................................................................. 3\n005. Office -- Office Hours -- Mailing Address -- Street Address -- Telephone -- Internet \nWebsite. ........................................................................................................ 3\n006. Confidentiality Of Records And Public Records Requests. .............................. 3\n007. (Reserved) ........................................................................................................ 4008. Audit, Investigation, And Enforcement. ............................................................. 4\n009. (Reserved) ........................................................................................................ 4\n010. Definitions. ........................................................................................................ 4011. -- 099. (Reserved) ............................................................................................. 5\n100. Participant Case Record. .................................................................................. 5\n101. Eligible Activities. .............................................................................................. 5102. Participant Rights. ............................................................................................. 5\n103. Participant Responsibilities. .............................................................................. 5\n104. Relationship To Other Programs. ..................................................................... 5105. Forms. ............................................................................................................... 6\n106. -- 149. (Reserved) ............................................................................................. 6\n150. Eligibility Requirements And Collateral Contacts. ............................................. 6151. Income Eligibility Requirements. ....................................................................... 6\n152. Nonfinancial Eligibility Requirements. ............................................................... 7\n153. -- 199. (Reserved) ............................................................................................. 8200. Intake Process. ................................................................................................. 8\n201. Application Process. ......................................................................................... 8\n202. Application Time Limits And Disposal Actions. ................................................. 8203. Notification Of Decision. .................................................................................... 9\n204. Benefit Determination. ...................................................................................... 9\n205. Method Of Payment. ......................................................................................... 9206. -- 299. (Reserved) ........................................................................................... 10\n300. Condition Of Payment Endorsement. ............................................................. 10\n301. Vendor Agreements. ....................................................................................... 10302. Overpayments. ................................................................................................ 10\n303. Recoupment Of Overpayment. ....................................................................... 10\n304. -- 309. (Reserved) ........................................................................................... 10\n310. Intentional Program Violations (IPV). .............................................................. 10\n311. Penalties For An IPV. ...................................................................................... 11312. -- 319. (Reserved) ............................................................................................11\n320. Denial Of Payment. ......................................................................................... 11\n321. -- 349. (Reserved) ............................................................................................11\nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVE Table of Contents (cont’d)\n \nPage 2 350. Termination Of Vendor Status. ....................................................................... 11\n351. Refusal To Enter Into An Agreement. ............................................................. 12\n352. Vendor Or Participant Notification. .................................................................. 12\n353. -- 994. (Reserved) ........................................................................................... 12995. Provisions Contingent Upon Federal Funding. ............................................... 12\n996. -- 999. (Reserved) ........................................................................................... 12\nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVESection 000 Page 3 IDAPA 16\nTITLE 04\nCHAPTER 14\n16.04.14 - RULES GOVERNING THE LOW INCOME HOME ENERGY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM\n000. LEGAL AUTHORITY.\nThis program is authorized by the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981, 42 U.S.C Sections 8621 to \n8629\n, and by provisions of Section 56-202 Idaho Code. (3-30-07)\n001. TITLE, SCOPE, AND LIMITATIONS.\n01. Title . These rules are to be cited as IDAPA 16.0 4.14, “Rules Governing the Low Income Home \nEnergy Assistance Program,” and may also be known as LIHEAP. (3-30-07)\n02. Scope . The intent of the program is to provide assistance to eligible low income households \nparticularly those with the lowest incomes, that pay the highest proportion of their income for home energy, primarily in meeting their immediate home energy needs. (7-1-99)\n03. Program Limitation . This federally funded program does not entitle any household to a certain \namount or form of assistance. An eligible participant household will receive one (1) benefit payment from the \nstandard program funding each program year. (3-30-07)\n002. WRITTEN INTERPRETATIONS.In accordance with Section 67-5201(19)(b)(iv), Idaho Code, th is ag\n ency may have written statements that pertain to \nthe interpretations of the rules of this chapter. These documents are available for public inspection as described in \nSections 005 and 006 of these rules. (3-30-07)\n003. ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS.Appeals and proceedings are governed by IDAPA 16.05.03 , “Rules\n Governing Contested Case Proceedings and \nDeclaratory Rulings.” (3-30-07)\n004. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE.\nThe following document is incorporated by reference in thi s chapter of rule: Low Income Home Energy Assistance \nProgram (LIHEAP) Intake Manual, 2006. The manual is available on the Internet at http://\nwww.healthandwelfare.idaho.gov/ . The manual is also available at the mailing address listed in Section 005 of this \nrule, and at Community Action Agencies. (3-30-07)\n005. OFFICE -- OFFICE HOURS -- MAILING ADDRESS -- STREET ADDRESS -- TELEPHONE -- INT\nERNET WEBSITE.\n01. Office Hours . Of fice hours are 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Mountain Time, Monday through Friday, except \nholidays designated by the state of Idaho. (3-30-07)\n02. Mailing Address . The mailing address for the business office is Idaho Department of Health and \nWelfare, P.O. Box 83720, Boise, Idaho 83720-0036. (3-30-07)\n03. Street Address . The business office of the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare is located at \n450 West State Street, Boise, Idaho 83702. (3-30-07)\n04. Telephone . (208) 334-5500. (3-30-07)\n05. Internet Website. Department Internet website is http://www.healthandwelfare.idaho.gov/ .\n(3-30-07)\n006. CONFIDENTIALITY OF RECORDS AND PUBLIC RECORDS REQUESTS.\n01. Confidential Records . Any i nformation about an individual covered by these rules and contained \nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVEIDAHO ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IDAPA 16.04.14 - Rules Governing the Low\nDepartment of Health and Welfare Income Home Energy Assistance Program\nSection 008 Page 4 in Department records must comply with IDAPA 16.05.01, “Use and Disclosure of Department Records.” (3-30-07)\n02. Public Records . The Department of Health and Welfare will comply with Sections 9-337 through \n9-350, Idaho Code, when requests for the examination and c opying of public records are made. Public records in the \ncustody of the Department of Health and Welfare are subj ect to disclosure, unless otherwise exempted by state or \nfederal law. (3-30-07)\n007. (RESERVED)\n008. AUDIT, INVESTIGATION, AND ENFORCEMENT.\nIn addition to any actions specified in these rules, the Depa rtme nt may audit, investigate, and take enforcement action \nunder the provisions of IDAPA 16.05.07, “Investigation and Enforcement of Fraud, Abuse, and Misconduct.”\n(3-30-07)\n009. (RESERVED)\n010. DEFINITIONS.\nDefinitions applicable to this chapter of rules. (3-30-07)\n01\n. Community Action Agency . A private non-profit organization serving the low income population \nin specified counties of the state with which the Department has entered into a contract for the provision of services \nfor purposes of LIHEAP. (3-30-07)\n02. Crisis Assistance . Energy assistance provided to an eligible participant household to reduce or \neliminate an energy related health threatening situation to the household. (3-30-07)\n03. Department . The Department of Health and Welfare or its designee. (3-30-07)\n04. Federal Poverty Guidelines (FPG) . The federal poverty guidelines issued annually by the U. S. \nDepartment of Health and Human Services (HHS). The federal poverty guidelines are available on the U.S. Health \nand Human Services website at: http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/ . (3-29-12)\n05. Fraud . Recipient fraud is indicated where there appears to be a de liberate attempt to conceal or \nmisrepresent pertinent information which could affect eligibility or grant amounts. (7-1-99)\n06. Head of Participant Household . The person designated by the household members to receive \nenergy assistance benefit in behalf of the household and in whose favor the energy assistance warrant is written.\n(7-1-99)\n07. Income . Income is the gross amount of moneys actua lly received in the participant household from \nall sources. (4-5-00)\n08. Intake Manual . Manual used by community action agenci es for procedural policy and benefit \ncalculation factors, which is published annually by the Department. (3-30-07)\n09. Participant. An individual or group of individuals who has made application for the Low Income \nHome Energy Assistance Program from the state of Idaho. (3-30-07)\n10. Participant Household . A participant household is one (1) of the following: (3-30-07)\na. An individual who lives alone; or (3-30-07)\nb. A group of individuals who are living together as one (1) economic unit where residential energy is \ncustomarily purchased in common or they make undesignated payments for energy in the form of rent. (3-30-07)\n11. Primary Fuel . The type of fuel declared by the participant household to be the major source of \ntheir home heating. (7-1-99)\nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVEIDAHO ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IDAPA 16.04.14 - Rules Governing the Low\nDepartment of Health and Welfare Income Home Energy Assistance Program\nSection 100 Page 5 12. Undocumented Resident . Individuals who enter the United States illegally and who have not \nobtained legal resident status. (3-30-07)\n13. Vendor . A utility company or other provider of fuel utilized for home heating. (3-29-12)\n011. -- 099. (RESERVED)\n100. PARTICIPANT CASE RECORD.\nThe participant case record is the documentary basis jus tify ing the expenditure of LIHEAP funds. All material \npertinent to a participant household will be retained for a permanent record. Each decision justifying a participant household is eligible or ineligible for LIHEAP benefits, must be supported by information in the permanent record \nshowing that each eligibility requirement is met or that one (1) or more eligibility requirements are not met. (7-1-99)\n101. ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES.Funds made available through the LIHEAP grant will be used as follows: (7-1-99)\n01 \n. Home Utility and Bulk Fuel Costs . These costs include those incurr ed by the eligible participant \nhousehold for electricity, natural gas and bulk fuel for home energy needs, bu t does not include costs incurred for \ntelephone, water, trash or sewer. (7-1-99)\n02. Governor Declared Emergency or Disaster . A portion of the LIHEAP grant funds may be used \nfor home heating supply shortages experienced by the part icipant household or a weather-related emergency which \nthreatens the health or lives of an area’s inhabitants such that the Governor declares a state of emergency. (3-15-02)\n03. Catastrophic Illness Costs . Households with income exceeding eligibility guidelines may be \neligible due to catastrophic illness. The household’s unr eimbursed medical expenses from the previous twelve (12) \nmonths are subtracted from the household’s gross income for the same period. If the household then meets income \nguidelines, the Department makes a final eligibility determination. (3-30-01)\n04. Low-Cost Residential Weatherization . Funds reserved for weatheriza tion services to low-income \nhouseholds pursuant to Department of Energy, Weatheri zation Assistance Program Regulations, when in accordance \nwith federal LIHEAP Regulations. (7-1-99)\n102. PARTICIPANT RIGHTS.\nThe participant has rights protected by federal and state laws and Department rules. The Department or their designee \nmu\nst inform the participant of their rights during the application process and eligibility determination, as follows:\n(7-1-99)\n01. Right to Apply . Any participant household wishing to apply must be given the opportunity, \nwithout delay, to apply for LIHEAP benefits. All participants must apply in writing. (7-1-99)\n02. Right to a Hearing . Rules governing hearing rights are contained in Idaho Department of Health \nand Welfare Rules, IDAPA 16.05.03, “Rules Governing Contested Case Proceedings and Declaratory Rulings.”\n(3-30-01)\n03. Civil Rights . The rights of participant households must be respected under the U.S. and Idaho \nConstitutions, the Social Security Act, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and all other relevant provisions of federal and state law, including the avoidance of practices which violate a person’s \nprivacy or subjection to harassment. (7-1-99)\n103. PARTICIPANT RESPONSIBILITIES.Each participant applying for LIHEAP benefits must, to the extent permitted by their physical and mental condition, pr\novide all necessary and reasonable verification to establish eligibility, and must otherwise cooperate in the \neligibility determination process. (7-1-99)\n104. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PROGRAMS.\nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVEIDAHO ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IDAPA 16.04.14 - Rules Governing the Low\nDepartment of Health and Welfare Income Home Energy Assistance Program\nSection 105 Page 6 LIHEAP benefits paid to eligible participant households must not be counted as income or resources for any purpose \nunder any federal or state law, including any law relating to taxation, public assistance, or welfare programs. (7-1-99)\n105. FORMS.A participant household will apply on Department prescribed forms and designate a head of household. (3-30-07)\n106. -- 149. (RESERVED)\n150. ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS AND COLLATERAL CONTACTS.\nAll participant households assisted through LIHEAP must provide proof of both financial eligibility requirements and \nno\nn-financial eligibility requirements. (7-1-99)\n01. Failing to Meet the Financial and Non-Financial Eligibility . Participant households failing to \nmeet the financial and non-financial eligibility requ irements will be denied LIHEAP assistance. (7-1-99)\n02. Participant’s Signature . A participant’s signature on the application is their consent for the \nDepartment to contact collateral sources for verification of the eligibility requirement(s). (7-1-99)\n151. INCOME ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS.\nUnder 42 U.S.C. 8624(b)(2)(B)(ii), assistance under this program is limited to participant households with countable inco\nme at or below one hundred fifty percent (150%) of the Federal Poverty Guideline. Participant households must \nprovide proof of income for all members during the application process. (3-29-12)\n01. Households Receiving SSI or Food Stamps . Households in which one (1) or more individuals are \nreceiving one (1) of the following are eligible for LIHEAP: (3-29-12)\na. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) under Title XVI of the Social Security Act; or (3-29-12)\nb. Food Stamps under the Food Stamp Act of 1977, under 7 USC 2011 through 2027. (3-29-12)\n02. Income Not Counted . Income listed in Subsections 151.02.a. through 151.02.t. is not counted in \ndetermining LIHEAP eligibility or benefit level. All other income is counted in determining LIHEAP eligibility and benefit level. (3-29-12)\na. Benefit payments from Medicare Insurance. (4-5-00)\nb. Private loans made to the partic ipant or the household. (4-5-00)\nc. Assets withdrawn from a personal bank account. (4-5-00)\nd. Sale of real property, if the funds are reinvested within three (3) calendar months. (3-15-02)\ne. Income tax refunds. (4-5-00)\nf. Infrequent, irregular or unpredictable income from gifts or lottery winnings of less than thirty \ndollars ($30) during the three (3) month period before application for LIHEAP. (4-5-00)\ng. Wages or allowances for attendant care when the a ttendant resides in the household of the disabled \nmember. (4-5-00)\nh. Interest income of thirty dollars ($30) or less received during the three (3) month period before \napplication for LIHEAP. (4-5-00)\ni. Legal fees or settlements from Workman’s Compensation paid in a lump sum. (4-5-00)\nj. Monies received for educational purposes from NSDL, College work-study programs, State \nStudent Incentive grants, SEOG, Pell, Guaranteed Student Loans and Supplemental grants funded under Title IV, A-2.\nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVEIDAHO ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IDAPA 16.04.14 - Rules Governing the Low\nDepartment of Health and Welfare Income Home Energy Assistance Program\nSection 152 Page 7 (3-15-02)\nk. Monies from VA-GI Bill for Education. (4-5-00)\nl. Department of Health and Welfare Adoption subsidies. (4-5-00)\nm. Compensation provided volunteers in the Older American Act or Foster Grandparent Program, \nincluding Green Thumb and Vista volunteers, Title V Senior Employment Program. (4-5-00)\nn. Third party payments made by a non-household member on behalf of the household. Third party \npayments include child care, energy assistance funds, shelter, food and clothing assistance. (4-5-00)\no. Value of food stamps or donated food to household. (4-5-00)\np. Utility allowance. (4-5-00)\nq. TAFI lump sum payments. (3-15-02)\nr. Tribal crop or land payments. (3-15-02)\ns. AmeriCorps stipend. (3-15-02)\nt. Child support income. (3-29-10)\n03. Income Received Monthly . To determine LIHEAP eligibility and benefit amount, when \nparticipant household income is received at least monthly, use the three (3) month’s income prior to the date of \napplication. (4-5-00)\n04. Income Received Less Often Than Monthly . For household income received less often than \nmonthly convert the income into a three (3) month amount: (4-5-00)\na. Multiply income received weekly by twelve and nine tenths (12.9). (4-5-00)\nb. Multiply income received every two (2) weeks by six and forty-five hundredths (6.45). (4-5-00)\nc. Multiply income received twice each month by six (6). (4-5-00)\n05. Seasonal and Self-Employment Income . For households with seasonal or self-employment \nincome divide the annual income by four (4). (4-5-00)\n06. Treatment of Undocumented Resident Income . If a household includes eligible and ineligible \nundocumented resident participants, and one (1) or more of the ineligible participants had income during the \nreporting period, count the ineligible participants’ income and exclude the undocumented resident from the \nhousehold count. (3-15-02)\n152. NONFINANCIAL ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS.For the purpose of assistance under LIHEAP, the participant household must meet the following non-financial eligib\nility requirements. (7-1-99)\n01. Residence. At the time the application is completed, the participant must reside in the state of \nIdaho. LIHEAP benefits are not transferab le to an out-of-state residence. (3-30-07)\n02. Living Situations . The participant household must reside in housing where they are responsible for \nhome energy costs and incur the costs either directly or as an undesignated portion of their rent. Living situations \nwhere residents are not responsible for energy costs incl ude hospitals, nursing homes, shelter homes, commercial \nboarding homes, and rehabilitation centers. (3-30-07)\nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVEIDAHO ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IDAPA 16.04.14 - Rules Governing the Low\nDepartment of Health and Welfare Income Home Energy Assistance Program\nSection 200 Page 8 03. Native Americans . Native American households whose tribe has entered into a separate agreement \nwith the federal funding agency and the Department to receive LIHEAP grant funds, are not entitled to benefits under \nthis program unless: (7-1-99)\na. Tribal funds are not available. (7-1-99)\nb. Funds are depleted and an emergency exists. (7-1-99)\n04. Resident Status . At least one (1) household member must be a citizen or legal resident of the \nUnited States. As part of the application process, particip ants must sign a declaration, under penalty of perjury, \nattesting to the residency or citizenship status of all household members. (3-15-02)\n153. -- 199. (RESERVED)\n200. INTAKE PROCESS.\nLow-income participants may complete an application for LIHEAP benefits at a CAA. The CAA will submit the \npa\nrticipant household information contained on the applic ation to the Department on-line computer system for \nissuance of eligibility notification. (7-1-99)\n201. APPLICATION PROCESS.A participant must be provided a prompt opportunity to complete an application for assistance. Application forms \nmus\nt contain a statement which clearly ex plains participant’s civil and criminal liability for the truthfulness of the \ninformation included on the forms; and their right to a h earing according to Idaho Department of Health and Welfare \nRules, IDAPA 16.05.03, “Rules Governing Contested Cases Proceedings and Declaratory Rulings.” (7-1-99)\n01. Date of Application . The participant application process begi ns the date the completed and signed \napplication and all supporting forms are received by the CAA. (7-1-99)\n02. Participant Representation . A participant household may be assisted by a person or persons of \ntheir choice and, when accompanied by such persons, may be represented by them. (7-1-99)\n03. Signature . The application must be signed by the participant designated at the head of household, \nor their designee. (7-1-99)\na. Applications signed by a designee must have a letter of authorization or power of attorney from the \nparticipant included in the file. (3-15-02)\nb. Employees of the CAA or the Department must not be designated to sign the application. (7-1-99)\n04. Signature by Mark . A signature by mark requires two (2) witnesses. The signatures and addresses \nof the witnesses must appear on the application, followed by the word “witness.” (7-1-99)\n05. Assistance with Application . When completing the application forms or obtaining required \ndocumentation, each participant must be provided assistan ce from the CAA, including the provision for interpreters \nfor participant households with limited or non-English speaking skills. (7-1-99)\n202. APPLICATION TIME LIMITS AND DISPOSAL ACTIONS.\nUnless circumstances beyond the control of the Department pr ohi bit it, each application is to be acted upon within \nthirty (30) days from the date the application is completed and signed by the participant. An application for LIHEAP assistance must be disposed of by one (1) of the following three (3) methods: (7-1-99)\n01. Approval . A determination the participant household is eligible for LIHEAP benefits. (7-1-99)\n02. Denial . A determination the participant household is ineligible for LIHEAP benefits or that \neligibility could not be determined due to lack of necessary information or verification. (7-1-99)\n03. Withdrawal . The participant household voluntarily requests that no further consideration be given \nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVEIDAHO ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IDAPA 16.04.14 - Rules Governing the Low\nDepartment of Health and Welfare Income Home Energy Assistance Program\nSection 203 Page 9 to their application or the par ticipant becomes deceased. (7-1-99)\n203. NOTIFICATION OF DECISION.\nEach participant household must be notified, in writing, of the decision made with regard to their LIHEAP \napplicati\non for assistance. (7-1-99)\n01. Approvals . At the time the application is completed, the participant household will receive a copy \nof their preliminary approval notification. The Department issuance of the benefit payment or denial notice will be \nthe participant household’s formal eligibility notification. (7-1-99)\n02. Denials or Withdrawals . The LIHEAP Notice of Denial will be provided to participant \nhouseholds denied assistance and include the reason for the denial and an explanation of the participant household’s \nright to appeal the eligibility decision. (7-1-99)\n204. BENEFIT DETERMINATION.\nEligible participant households will have their LIHEAP benefit determined as follows: (3-20-04)\n01.\nActual Consumption Method. The actual consumption method is used if the eligible participant \nhousehold heats its residence with either natural gas or elect ricity and has resided in the residence for one (1) year or \nlonger. Household benefit is calculated by multiplying the energy consumption cost by an annual benefit calculation \nfactor. Annual minimum and maximum benefits per household are published each year in the Intake Manual used for \nLIHEAP. (3-20-04)\n02. Average Annual Cost Method . The average annual cost method is used when the eligible \nparticipant household’s actual consumption cost is unknown, or it uses a heating source other than electricity or natural gas. Average cost is determined by information provided by energy suppliers throughout the state and is \npublished as the Annual Heating Cost Chart which is av ailable from the Department of Health and Welfare. The \naverage cost is specific to county of residence and the hous ehold’s heating source. Household benefit is calculated by \nmultiplying the Average Annual Cost by an annual benefit calculation factor. (3-20-04)\n03. Annual Benefit Calculation Factor . Annual benefit calculation fact ors are determined each year \nbased on the amount of federal funding for the upcoming program year. The particular factor used for a household’s benefit calculation is determined by the household’s ener gy cost burden (high, medium or low) expressed as a \npercentage of annualized income. A heating burden of zero per cent (0%) to five percent (5%) is low, six percent (6%) \nto ten percent (10%) is medium, and eleven percent (11%) or greater is high. Benefit calculation methodology and the current benefit calculation factors are published in the Inta ke Manual used for LIHEAP, available at the Department \nor on its website, and at community action agencies. (3-30-07)\n04. Adjusting LIHEAP Benefit . Households containing at least one (1) of the following may be \neligible for an adjusted benefit. The adjusted benefit amounts and eligibility levels will be published annually in the Intake Manual used for LIHEAP, available at the Depart ment or on its website, and at community action agencies.\n(3-30-07)\na. Child under six (6) years of age. (4-5-00)\nb. Individual with disabilities as declared on the LIHEAP application form. (4-5-00)\nc. Individual sixty (60) years of age or older. (4-5-00)\n205. METHOD OF PAYMENT.There are three (3) methods for paying LIHEAP benefits to eligible participant households. Each payment is based on \nthe s\nource of the home energy and whether the energy cost is paid by the participant directly or indirectly. (7-1-99)\n01. Direct Payment to Energy Supplier . (7-1-99)\n02. Two-Party Payment . (7-1-99)\nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVEIDAHO ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IDAPA 16.04.14 - Rules Governing the Low\nDepartment of Health and Welfare Income Home Energy Assistance Program\nSection 300 Page 10 03. One-Party Payment . (7-1-99)\n206. -- 299. (RESERVED)\n300. CONDITION OF PAYMENT ENDORSEMENT.\nWhen an eligible participant househol d receiv es a LIHEAP benefit payment dir ectly, they must endorse it and take it \nto their designated energy supplier. Two-party payments will have the name of the energy supplier imprinted on the \nface of the warrant. When an eligible participant and their energy supplier endorse the LIHEAP benefit payment, they \ncertify that to the best of their knowledge, the funds are be ing used to provide home energy for the eligible participant \nhousehold. (7-1-99)\n301. VENDOR AGREEMENTS.All participating energy suppliers must enter into a vendor agreement with the Department to provide home energy \nassi\nstance to eligible participant households. (7-1-99)\n302. OVERPAYMENTS.Payments issued on behalf of a participant household that is not eligible must be repaid to the Department. (3-29-12)\n303. RECOUPMENT OF OVERPAYMENT.\n01. Recoupment of Overpayment . \n The Department may recoup or recover the amount issued on \nbehalf of a LIHEAP participant. Interest will accrue on overpayments at the statutory rate set under Section 28-22-\n104, Idaho Code, from the date of the final determination of the amount owed for services. Recoupment of an \noverpayment based on Department error may be collected from a vendor or participant when the overpayment is one \nhundred dollars ($100), or more. Interest will not accrue on overpayments made due to Department error. An \noverpayment due to vendor or participant error, intentional program violations (IPV), or fraud must be recovered in full. (3-29-12)\n02. Repayment Requirement . A vendor or participant must repay any overpayment, but may \nnegotiate a repayment schedule with the Department. Failure to comply with the negotiated repayment agreement \nwill result in revocation of that agreement and may result in the revocation of the vendor agreement. (3-29-12)\n304. -- 309. (RESERVED)\n310. INTENTIONAL PROGRAM VIOLATIONS (IPV).\nAn IPV is an intentionally false or misleading action or statement as identified below in Subsections 310.01 through \n31\n0.07 of this rule. An IPV is established when a vendor or participant admits the IPV in writing and waives the right \nto an administrative hearing, or when determined by an administrative hearing, a court decision, or through deferred \nadjudication. Deferred adjudication exists when the court defers a determination of guilt because the accused vendor or participant meets the terms of a court order or an agreement with the prosecutor. (3-29-12)\n01. False Statement . An individual or vendor makes a false statement to the Department, either orally \nor in writing, in order to participate in LIHEAP. (3-29-12)\n02. Misleading Statement . An individual or vendor makes a misleading statement to the Department, \neither orally or in writing, to participate in LIHEAP. (3-29-12)\n03. Misrepresentation of Fact . An individual or vendor misrepresents one (1) or more facts to the \nDepartment, either orally or in writing, to participate in LIHEAP. (3-29-12)\n04. Concealing Fact . An individual or vendor conceals or withholds one (1) or more facts to \nparticipate in LIHEAP. (3-29-12)\n05. Non-Compliance With Rules and Regulations . An individual or vendor fails repeatedly or \nsubstantially to comply with this chapter of rules. (3-29-12)\n06. Violation of Vendor Agreement. A vendor or any agent thereof who knowingly violates any term \nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVEIDAHO ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IDAPA 16.04.14 - Rules Governing the Low\nDepartment of Health and Welfare Income Home Energy Assistance Program\nSection 311 Page 11 of the vendor agreement. (3-29-12)\n07. Failure to Repay . An individual or vendor has failed to repay, or was a managing employee or had \nan ownership or control interest in any entity that has failed to repay, any overpayments or claims previously found to \nhave been obtained contrary to statute, rule, regulation, or vendor agreement. (3-29-12)\n311. PENALTIES FOR AN IPV .When the Department determines an IPV was committed, the participant or vendor who committed the IPV loses \neligib\nility to participate in LIHEAP. If an individual in a LIHEAP household has committed an IPV, the entire \nhousehold is ineligible for LIHEAP. If a vendor has committed an IPV , the vendor is ine ligible to receive payments. \nThe period of ineligibility for each offense, for both a participant or a vendor, is as follows: (3-29-12)\n01. First Offense . Twelve (12) months, for the first IPV or fraud offense, or the length of time \nspecified by the court. (3-29-12)\n02. Second Offense . Twenty-four (24) months for the second IPV or fraud offense, or the length of \ntime specified by the court. (3-29-12)\n03. Third Offense . Permanent ineligibility for the third or subsequent IPV or fraud offense, or the \nlength of time specified by the court. (3-29-12)\n312. -- 319. (RESERVED)\n320. DENIAL OF PAYMENT.\nThe Department may deny payment to the vendor or par ti cipant for the reasons described in Subsections 320.01 \nthrough 320.04 of this rule. (3-29-12)\n01. Services Not Provided . Any or all claims for vendor services the Department determines were not \nprovided. (3-29-12)\n02. Contrary to Rules or Provider Agreement . Vendor services provided contrary to these rules or \nthe vendor agreement. (3-29-12)\n03. Failure to Provide Immediate Access to Records . The vendor does not allow immediate access \nby the Department to LIHEAP records. (3-29-12)\n04. Willful Misrepresentation or Concealment of Facts . The vendor or participant willfully \nmisrepresents or conceals facts relating to LIHEAP. (3-29-12)\n321. -- 349. (RESERVED)\n350. TERMINATION OF VENDOR STATUS.Under Section 56-209h, Idaho Code, the Department may terminate the vendor agreement of, or otherwise deny \nve\nndor status for a period up to five (5) years from the date the Department's action becomes final to any individual or \nentity providing LIHEAP. (3-29-12)\n01. Submits an Incorrect Claim . Submits a claim with knowledg e that the claim is incorrect.\n(3-29-12)\n02. Fraudulent Claim . Submits a fraudulent claim. (3-29-12)\n03. Knowingly Makes a False Statement . Knowingly makes a false statement or representation of \nmaterial facts in any document required to be maintained or submitted to the Department. (3-29-12)\n04. Immediate Access to Documentation . Fails to provide, upon written request by the Department, \nimmediate access to documentation required to be maintained. (3-29-12)\nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVEIDAHO ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IDAPA 16.04.14 - Rules Governing the Low\nDepartment of Health and Welfare Income Home Energy Assistance Program\nSection 351 Page 12 05. Non-Compliance With Rules and Regulations . Fails repeatedly or substantially to comply with \nthe rules and regulations governing LIHEAP payments. (3-29-12)\n06. Violation of Material Term or Condition. Knowingly violates any material term or condition of \nthe vendor agreement. (3-29-12)\n07. Failure to Repay . Has failed to repay, or was a managing employee or had an ownership or control \ninterest in any entity that has failed to repay, any overpayments or claims previously found to have been obtained \ncontrary to statute, rule, regulation, or vendor agreement. (3-29-12)\n08. Fraudulent or Abusive Conduct . Has been found, or was a managing employee in any entity \nwhich has been found, to have engaged in fraudulent conduct or abusive conduct in connection with the delivery of \nLIHEAP funded services. (3-29-12)\n351. REFUSAL TO ENTER INTO AN AGREEMENT.The Department may refuse to enter into a vendor agreement for the reasons described in Subsections 351.01 through \n351\n.05 of this rule. (3-29-12)\n01. Convicted of a Felony . The vendor has been convicted of a felony relating to their involvement in \na public assistance program. (3-29-12)\n02. Failed to Repay . The vendor has failed to repay the Department monies which had been previously \ndetermined to have been owed to the Department. (3-29-12)\n03. Investigation Pending . The vendor has a pending investigation for program fraud or abuse.\n(3-29-12)\n04. Terminated Vendor Agreement . The vendor was the managing employee, officer, or owner of an \nentity whose vendor agreement was terminated under Section 350 of these rules. (3-29-12)\n05. Excluded Individuals . The vendor has a current exclusion from participation in federal programs \nby the Office of Inspector General List of Excluded Individuals and Entities. (3-29-12)\n352. VENDOR OR PARTICIPANT NOTIFICATION.When the Department determines any actions defined in Sections 303 through 351 of these rules are appropriate, it will sen d\n written notice of the decision to the vendor or participant. The notice will state the basis for the action, the \nlength of the action, the effect of the action on the participant or the vendor’s ability to provide services under state and federal programs, and appeal rights. (3-29-12)\n353. -- 994. (RESERVED)\n995. PROVISIONS CONTINGENT UPON FEDERAL FUNDING.\nThe provisions in Sections 000 through 999 inclusive, are contingent upon availability and receipt of funds \nappro\npriated through federal legislation. When federal fund s are not available to the state of Idaho, these provisions \nor any part therein shall be considered dormant and there may be no advance notice of termination or reduction of \nbenefits may be disposed. In the event that additional fu nds are available a supplemental payment can be made, in an \nequitable manner, to each eligible household at the discretion of the Director. (7-1-99)\n996. -- 999. (RESERVED)\nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVESubject Index\nPage 13 A\nActual Consumption Method, Benefit \nDetermination 9\nAdjusting LIHEAP Benefit, Benefit \nDetermination 9\nAnnual Benefit Calculation Factor, \nBenefit Determination 9\nApplication Process 8\nApplication Time Limits & Disposal \nActions 8\nApproval, Application Time Limits & \nDisposal Actions 8\nApprovals, Notification of Decision 9Assistance With Application, \nApplication Process 8\nAverage Annual Cost Method, Benefit \nDetermination 9\nB\nBenefit Determination 9\nC\nCatastrophic Illness Costs, Eligible \nActivities 5\nCondition Of Payment \nEndorsement 10\nD\nDate of Application, Application \nProcess 8\nDefinitions, IDAPA 16.04.14, Rules \nGoverning The Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program 4\nCommunity Action Agency 4Crisis Assistance 4Department 4\nFederal Poverty Guidelines \n(FPG) 4\nFraud 4Head of Participant Household. 4\nIncome 4Intake Manual 4\nParticipant 4\nParticipant Household 4Primary Fuel 4\nUndocumented Resident 5\nVendor 5\nDenial Of Payment 11\nContrary to Rules or Provider \nAgreement 11\nFailure to Provide Immediate \nAccess to Records 11\nServices Not Provided 11Willful Misrepresentation or \nConcealment of Facts 11\nDenial, Application Time Limits & \nDisposal Actions 8\nDenials or Withdrawals, Notification of Decision 9\nDirect Payment to Energy Supplier, \nMethod of Payment 9\nE\nEligibility Requirements & Collateral \nContacts 6\nEligible Activities 5\nF\nFailing to Meet The Financial & Non-\nFinancial Eligibility, Eligibility Requirements & Collateral Contacts 6\nForms - By Number & Name 6\nG\nGovernor Declared Emergency or \nDisaster, Eligible Activities 5\nH\nHome Utility & Bulk Fuel Costs, \nEligible Activities 5\nI\nIncome Eligibility Requirements 6\nHouseholds Receiving SSI or Food \nStamps 6\nIncome Not Counted 6\nIncome Received Less Often Than \nMonthly 7\nIncome Received Monthly 7Seasonal & Self-Employment \nIncome 7\nTreatment of Undocumented \nResident Income 7\nIntake Process 8\nIntentional Program Violations \n(IPV) 10\nConcealing Fact 10Failure to Repay 11\nFalse Statement 10\nMisleading Statement 10Misrepresentation of Fact 10\nNon-Compliance With Rules & \nRegulations 10\nViolation of Provider \nAgreement 10\nL\nLiving Situation, Nonfinancial \nEligibility Requirements 7\nLow-Cost Residential Weatherization, \nEligible Activities 5\nM\nMethod Of Payment 9\nN\nNative Americans, Nonfinancial Eligibility Requirements 8\nNonfinancial Eligibility \nRequirements 7\nNotification Of Decision 9\nO\nOne-Party Payment, Method of \nPayment 10\nOverpayments 10\nP\nParticipant Case Record 5\nParticipant Representation, Application \nProcess 8\nParticipant Responsibilities 5Participant Rights 5Penalties For An IPV 11\nFirst Offense 11Second Offense 11Third Offense 11\nProvisions Contingent Upon Federal \nFunding 12\nR\nRecoupment Of Overpayments 10\nRepayment Requirement 10\nRefusal To Enter Into An \nAgreement 12\nConvicted of a Felony 12\nExcluded Individuals 12\nFailed to Repay 12Investigation Pending 12\nTerminated Provider \nAgreement 12\nRelationship To Other Programs 5Residence, Nonfinancial Eligibility \nRequirements 7\nResident Status, Nonfinancial \nEligibility Requirements 8\nS\nSignature by Mark, Application \nProcess 8\nSignature, Application Process 8\nT\nTermination Of Vendor Status 11\nFailure to Repay 12\nFraudulent Claim 11Fraudulent or Abusive \nConduct 12\nImmediate Access to \nDocumentation 11\nKnowingly Makes a False \nStatement 11\nNon-Compliance With Rules and \nRegulations 12\nSubmits an Incorrect Claim 11Violation of Material Term or \nARCHIVE 2012 ARCHIVESubject Index (Cont’d)\n \nPage 14 Condition 12\nTwo-Party Payment, Method of \nPayment 9\nV\nVendor Agreements 10\nVendor Or Participant Notification 12\nW\nWithdrawal, Application Time Limits & \nDisposal Actions 8\nARCHIVE 2012"
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"pdf_file": "SPOQ5FUVLA2ZM5ITKZRVFHCP3MGMBPEX.pdf",
"text": "Wastewater Treatment Plants \nENR Upgrade Status \n(June 30, 2007) \n \n \nStatus Update: \n \nPrevious Meeting Current \n 3 facility is in operation 5 facilities are in operation \n10 facilities are under cons truction 9 facilitie s are under construction. \n13 are under design 13 are under design \n23 in planning 22 are in planning \n17 in pre-planning activities 17 are in pre-planning activities \n \n• The five facilities that are in operation are Celanese, Hurlock, Aberdeen Proving Ground, \nEaston and Swan Point \n \n• Percentage completion for facilities under construction for ENR Upgrade: \n \nFacility Percentage complete\n \nKent Island 98% \nC r i s f i e l d 8 7 % \nChestertown 88% \nSalisbury 77% \nSt. Michael’s (Talbot County Region II) 79% \nIndian Head 53% \nElkton 37% \nBrunswick 35% \nHavre De Grace 0% (Construction started 6/25/07) \n \n• Construction Permits for ENR Upgrade for bot h the Georges Creek Wastewater Treatment \nPlant and Federalsburg Wastewater Treatment Pl ant have been issued and these facilities are \nexpected to proceed to construction by Sept ember 2007. The Georges Creek project is being \nadvertised for bids. \n \n• Events \n \nA dedication ceremony for Easton Wastewater Treatment Plant ENR Upgrade was held \non June 13, 2007 at the Easton Wastewater Treatment Plant. \n \n \n \n "
} |
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"pdf_file": "ISNVO7SIHHW237IDLQ73PZNSSUSTZ6R7.pdf",
"text": "The PROGRESS Act \n“Prog ram for R eal E nergy S ecurity” Act \nCosponsor List (as of 9/21/06) \n \n \nRep. Steny Hoyer (D-MD), House Democratic Whip; Member, Appropriations Committee \n \nRep. John Dingell (D-MI), Energy and Commerce Committee Ranking Democrat \n \nRep. Ike Skelton (D-MO), House Armed Services Committee Ranking Democrat \n \nRep. Jim Oberstar (D-MN), Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Ranking Democrat \n \nRep. John Spratt (D-SC), Budget Committee Ranking Democrat; Member, Armed Services \nCommittee \nRep. David Obey (D-WI), Appropriations Committee Ranking Democrat \n \nRep. Barney Frank (D-MA), Financial Services Committee Ranking Democrat \n Rep. Bart Gordon (D-TN), Science Committee Ranking Democrat; Member, Energy and Commerce \nCommittee \n \nRep. George Miller (D-CA), Education and the Workforce Committee Ranking Democrat; Member, \nResources Committee \nRep. Howard Berman (D-CA), Standards of Official Conduct Ranking Democrat; Ranking Democrat \nJudiciary Committee Courts, the Internet, and Intellectual Property Subcommittee; Member, \nInternational Relations Committee \n Rep. Bob Filner (D-CA), Veterans’ Affairs Committee Acti ng Ranking Democrat; Ranking Democrat, \nTransportation and Infrastructure Committee C oast Guard and Maritime Transportation Subcommittee \n Rep. John Conyers (D-MI), Judiciary Committee Ranking Democrat \n \nRep. Tom Lantos (D-CA), International Relations Committee Ranking Democrat; Member, \nGovernment Reform Committee \n Rep. Colin Peterson (D-MN), Agriculture Committee Ranking Member \n \nRep. Mark Udall (D-CO), Co-chair, Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Caucus; Ranking \nDemocrat, Science Committee Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee \n Rep. Stephanie Herseth (D-SD), Co-chair, House Democratic Rural Working Group; Member, \nAgriculture and Resources Committees \n \nRep. Earl Blumenauer , (D-OR), Chair, Task Force on Livable Communities; Member, International \nRelations and Transportation and Infrastructure Committees \nRep. Adam Schiff, (D-CA), Co-founder/Co-chair of Democratic Study Group on National Security; \nMember, International Relations Committee \nRep. Gary Ackerman (D-NY), Ranking Democrat, International Relations Committee Middle East and \nCentral Asia Subcommittee; Member, Financial Services Committee \n \nRep. Melissa Bean (D-IL), Member, Financial Services and Small Business Committees \n Rep. Shelley Berkley (D-NV), Ranking Democrat, Veterans’ Affairs Committee Disability Assistance \nand Memorial Affairs Subcommittee; Member, International Relations and Transportation and \nInfrastructure Committees \n \nRep. Marion Berry (D-AK), Member, Appropriations Committee \n \nRep. Tim Bishop (D-NY), Member, Education and the Workforce and Transportation and \nInfrastructure Committees \n \nDel. Madeleine Bordallo (D-GU), Ranking Democrat, Small Business Committee Regulatory Reform \nand Oversight Subcommittee; Member, Armed Services and Resources Committees \n \nRep. Rick Boucher (D-VA), Ranking Democrat, Energy and Commerce Committee Energy and Air \nQuality Subcommittee; Member, Judiciary Committee \n Rep. Corrine Brown (D-FL), Ranking Democrat, Transportation and Veteran’s Affairs Committees \nRailroads Subcommittee; Member, Veterans Affairs Committee \n \nRep. Sherrod Brown (D-OH), Ranking Democrat, Energy and Commerce Committee Health \nSubcommittee; Member, International Relations Committee \nRep. Ben Cardin (D-MD), Ranking Democrat, Ways and Means Committee Trade Subcommittee \n \nRep. Dennis Cardoza (D-CA), Member, Agriculture, International Relations, and Resources \nCommittees \nRep. Russ Carnahan (D-MO), Member, International Relations and Transportation and Infrastructure \nCommittees \n \nRep. Ed Case (D-HI), Ranking Democrat, Agriculture Committee Livestock and Horticulture \nSubcommittee; Member, Budget and Small Business Committees \n \nDel. Donna Christensen (D-VI), Ranking Democrat, Re sources Committee National Parks \nSubcommittee; Member, Homeland Security and Small Business Committees \n Rep. William Lacy Clay (D-MO), Ranking Democrat, Governm ent Reform Committee Federalism & \nthe Census Subcommittee; Member, Financial Services Committee \n \nRep. Emanuel Cleaver (D-MO), Member, Financial Services Committee \n Rep. Jim Costa (D-CA), Member, Agriculture, Resources, and Science Committees \n \nRep. Joe Crowley (D-NY), Member, Financial Services and International Relations Committees \n \nRep. Elijah Cummings (D-MD), Ranking Democrat, Government Reform Committee Criminal Justice, \nDrug Policy & Human Resources Subcommittee; Member, Transportation and Joint Economic \nCommittees \n Rep. Danny Davis (D-IL), Ranking Democrat, Government Reform Committee Federal Workforce & \nAgency Organization Subcommittee, Member, Education and the Workforce and Small Business \nCommittees \n \nRep. Jim Davis (D-FL), Member, Energy and Commerce Committee \n Rep. Diana DeGette (D-CO), Member, Energy and Commerce Committee \n \nRep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT), Ranking Democrat, Appropriations Committee Agriculture, Rural \nDevelopment and FDA Subcommittee; Member, Budget Committee \n Rep. Mike Doyle (D-PA), Member, Energy and the Comm erce and Standards of Official Conduct \nCommittees \n \nRep. Rahm Emanuel (D-IL), Member, Ways and Means Committee \n Rep. Eliot Engel (D-NY), Member, Energy and Commerce and International Relations Committees \n \nRep. Bob Etheridge (D-NC), Ranking Democrat, Agricult ure Committee General Farm Commodities \n& Risk Management Subcommittee; Acting Ranking Democrat, Homeland Security Committee \nInvestigations Subcommittee) \nRep. Chaka Fattah (D-PA), Member, Appropriations Committee \n \nRep. Harold Ford (D-TN), Member, Budget and Financial Services Committees \n Rep. Charlie Gonzalez (D-TX), Member, Energy and Commerce Committee \n \nRep. Raul Grijalva (D-AZ), Ranking Democrat, Resources Committee Energy & Mineral Resources \nSubcommittee, Member, Education and the Workforce and Small Business Committees \n Rep. Luis Gutierrez (D-IL), Ranking Democrat, Financial Services Committee Oversight and \nInvestigations Subcommittee; Member, Veterans’ Affairs Committee \n \nRep. Alcee Hastings (D-FL), Ranking Democrat, Rules Committee Legislative and Budget Process \nSubcommittee; Member, Select Intelligence Committee \nRep. Brian Higgins (D-NY), Member, Government Reform and Transportation and Infrastructure \nCommittees \n \nRep. Maurice Hinchey (D-NY), Member, Appropriations and Joint Economic Committees \n \nRep. Ruben Hinojosa (D-TX), Ranking Democrat, Education and the Workforce Committee Select \nEducation Committee; Member, Financial Services Committee \n \nRep. Rush Holt (D-NJ), Ranking Democrat, Select Intelligence Committee Intelligence Policy \nSubcommittee; Member, Education and the Workforce Committee \n \nRep. Darlene Hooley (D-OR), Ranking Democrat, Science Committee Research Subcommittee, \nMember, Financial Services and Veterans’ Affairs Subcommittees \n \nRep. Steve Israel (D-NY), Member, Armed Services and Financial Services Committees \n Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee (D-TX), Ranking Democrat, Judiciary Committee Border Security and \nClaims Subcommittee; Member, Homeland Security and Science Committees \n \nRep. Patrick Kennedy (D-RI), Member, Appropriations Committee \n \nRep. Dale Kildee (D-MI), Ranking Democrat, Education and the Workforce Committee 21st Century \nCompetitive Subcommittee \n \nRep. Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick (D-MI), Member, Appropriations Committee \n \nRep. Ron Kind (D-WI), Co-Chair, New Democrats; Member, Budget, Education and the Workforce \nand Resources Committees \n \nRep. Dennis Kucinich (D-OH), Ranking Democrat, Government Reform Emerging Threats and \nInternational Relations Subcommittee; Member, Education and the Workforce Committee \n Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA), Member, House Financial Services, International Relations Committees; \nCo-Chair, Congressional Progressive Caucus \n \nRep. John Lewis (D-GA), Ranking Democrat, Ways and Means Committee Oversight Subcommittee \n Rep. Dan Lipinkski (D-IL), Ranking Democrat, Small Business Committee Workforce, Empowerment \nand Government Programs Subcommittee; Member, Science Committee \n \nRep. Carolyn Maloney (D-NY), Ranking House Democrat, Joint Economic Committee, Ranking \nDemocrat, Financial Services Committee Trade and Technology Subcommittee, Member, Government Reform Committee \n \nRep. Doris Matsui (D-CA), Member, Rules, and Science Committees \n \nRep. Carolyn McCarthy (D-NY), Member, Education and the Workforce and Financial Services \nCommittees \n \nRep. Betty McCollum (D-MN), Member, International Relations, Education and Workforce \nCommittees \n Rep. James McGovern (D-MA), Member, Rules Committee \n \nRep. Michael McNulty (D-NY), Ranking Democrat, Ways and Means Committee Select Revenue \nMeasures Subcommittee \n Rep. Brad Miller (D-NC), Member, Financial Service and Science Committees \n \nRep. Gwen Moore (D-WI), Member, Financial Services and Small Business Committees \n \nRep. James Moran (D-VA), Member, Appropriations Committee \n \nRep. Richard Neal (D-MA), Member, Budget and Ways and Means Committees \n Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton (D-DC), Ranking Democrat, Transportation Committee Public Buildings \n& Emergency Management Subcommittee; Member, Homeland Security and Government Reform \ncommittees \n Rep. John Olver (D-MA), Ranking Democrat, Appropriations Committee Judiciary and District of \nColumbia Subcommittee \n \nRep. Donald Payne (D-NJ), Ranking Democrat, International Relations Global Human Rights and \nInternational Operations Subcommittee, Member, Education and the Workforce Committee \n Rep. Earl Pomeroy (D-ND), Member, Agriculture and Ways and Means Committees \n \nRep. David Price (D-NC), Member, Appropriations Committee \n \nRep. Silvestre Reyes (D-TX), Ranking Democrat, Armed Services Committee Strategic Forces \nSubcommittee; Member, Veterans’ Affairs and Select Intelligence Committees \n \n \nRep. Mike Ross (D-AR), Member, Energy and Commerce Committee \n Rep. Steve Rothman (D-NJ), Member, Appropriations Committee \n \nRep. Lucille Roybal-Allard (D-CA), Member, Appropriations and Standards of Official Conduct \nCommittees \n Rep. C.A. Dutch Ruppersberger (D-MD), Member, Government Reform and Select Intelligence \nCommittees \n \nRep. Tim Ryan (D-OH), Member, Armed Services and Education and the Workforce Committee \n Rep. Martin Sabo (D-MN), Ranking Democrat, Appropriations Committee Homeland Security \nSubcommittee \n \nRep. Allyson Schwartz (D-PA), Member, Budget and Transportation and Infrastructure Committees \n Rep. Jose Serrano (D-NY), Member, Appropriations Committee \n \nRep. Adam Smith (D-WA), Member, House Armed Services and International Relations Committees \n \nRep. Vic Snyder (D-AR), Ranking Democrat, Armed Serv ices Committee Military Personnel \nSubcommittee; Member, Veterans’ Affairs Committee \n \nRep. Bart Stupak (D-MI), Ranking Democrat, Energy and Commerce Committee Oversight and \nInvestigations Subcommittee \n Rep. Ellen Tauscher (D-CA), Chair, New Democrats; Member, Armed Services and Transportation \nand Infrastructure Committees \n \nRep. John Tierney (D-MA), Member, Education and the Workforce and Select Intelligence \nCommittees \nRep. Edolphus Towns (D-NY), Ranking Democrat, Govern ment Reform Committee Government \nManagement, Finance and Accountability Subcommittee; Member, Energy and Commerce Committee \nRep. Chris Van Hollen (D-MD), Member, Education and the Workforce, Government Reform, and \nJudiciary Committees \n \nRep. Debbie Wasserman-Schultz (D-FL), Member, Financial Services and Judiciary Committees \nRep. Diane Watson (D-CA), Ranking Democrat, Government Reform Committee Energy and \nResources Subcommittee, Member, International Relations Committee \n \nRep. Lynn Woolsey (D-CA), Ranking Democrat, Education and the Workforce Committee Education \nReform Subcommittee; Member, Science Committee \nRep. Albert Wynn (D-MD), Member, Energy and Commerce Committee "
} |
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"pdf_file": "6REZDVWAZINCN3EC63464SLUVI2QJHJW.pdf",
"text": " \nReports of Cases of HIV/AIDS, AIDS , and HIV Infection (Not AIDS) 37aFrom the beginning of the epidemic through 2006.\nbFrom the beginning of the epidemic through 2006. Includes 3 persons of unknown sex.\ncHeterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.\ndAIDS developed in 47 adults/adolescents after they received blood that had tested negative for HIV antibodies. AIDS developed i n 14 additional adults \nafter they received tissue, organs, or artificial insemination from HIV-infected donors. Four of the 14 received tissue or orga ns from a donor who was \nnegative for HIV antibody at the time of donation.\neIncludes 37 adults/adolescents who were exposed to HIV-infected blood, body fluids, or concentrated virus in health care, labor atory, or household \nsettings, as supported by seroconversion, epidemiologic, and/or laboratory evidence. One person was infected after intentional inoculation with HIV-\ninfected blood. Includes an additional 740 persons who acquired HIV infection perinatally but who were more than 12 years of ag e when AIDS was \ndiagnosed. These 740 persons are not counted in the values for the pediatric transmission category.\nfAIDS developed in 3 children after they received blood that had tested negative for HIV antibodies.\ngIncludes 5 children who were exposed to HIV-infected blood, as supported by seroconversion, epidemiologic, and/or laboratory ev idence: 1 child was \ninfected after intentional inoculation with HIV-infected blood, and 5 children were exposed to HIV-infected blood in a househol d setting. Of the 168 \nchildren, 26 had sexual contact with an adult with, or at high risk for, HIV infection.Table 17. Reported AIDS cases, by age category, transmis sion category, and sex, 2006 and cumulative—United States \nand dependent areas\nMales Females Total\n2006 Cumulativea2006 Cumulativea2006 Cumulativeb\nTransmission category No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %\nAdult or adolescent\nMale-to-male sexual contact 13,775 49 429,897 54 — — — — 13,775 35 429,897 44\nInjection drug use 3,413 12 163,070 21 1,826 17 67,693 35 5,239 13 230,763 23\nMale-to-male sexual contact and \ninjection drug use 1,603 6 65,524 8 — — — — 1,603 4 65,524 7\nHemophilia/coagulation disorder 43 0 5,176 1 11 0 348 0 54 0 5,524 1\nHigh-risk heterosexual contactc2,997 11 49,610 6 4,839 46 85,186 44 7,836 20 134,796 14\nSex with injection drug user 330 1 11,683 1 706 7 26,073 14 1,036 3 37,756 4\nSex with bisexual male — — — — 234 2 5,162 3 234 1 5,162 1\nSex with person with hemophilia 1 0 84 0 11 0 502 0 12 0 586 0\nSex with HIV-infected transfusion \nrecipient 22 0 553 0 21 0 793 0 43 0 1,346 0\nSex with HIV-infected person, risk \nfactor not specified 2,644 9 37,290 5 3,867 37 52,656 27 6,511 17 89,946 9\nReceipt of blood transfusion, blood \ncomponents, or tissued 63 0 5,213 1 68 1 4,176 2 131 0 9,389 1\nOther/risk factor not reported or \nidentifiede 6,484 23 73,136 9 3,793 36 34,311 18 10,278 26 107,450 11\nSubtotal 28,378 100 791,626 100 10,537 100 191,714 100 38,916 100 983,343 100\nChild (<13 yrs at diagnosis)\nHemophilia/coagulation disorder 0 0 222 5 0 0 7 0 0 0 229 2\nMother with documented HIV infection or \n1 of the following risk factors 24 75 4,315 89 50 93 4,423 95 74 86 8,738 92\nInjection drug use 4 13 1,676 35 4 7 1,665 36 8 9 3,341 35\nSex with injection drug user 4 13 789 16 4 7 750 16 8 9 1,539 16\nSex with bisexual male 1 3 101 2 2 4 110 2 3 3 211 2\nSex with person with hemophilia 0 0 20 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 36 0\nSex with HIV-infected transfusion \nrecipient 0 0 11 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 26 0\nSex with HIV-infected person, risk \nfactor not specified 6 19 742 15 17 31 790 17 23 27 1,532 16\nReceipt of blood transfusion, blood \ncomponents, or tissue 0 0 70 1 0 0 82 2 0 0 152 2\nHas HIV infection, risk factor not \nspecified 9 28 906 19 23 43 995 21 32 37 1,901 20\nReceipt of blood transfusion, blood \ncomponents, or tissuef1 3 243 5 0 0 144 3 1 1 387 4\nOther/risk factor not reported or \nidentifiedg7 22 75 2 4 7 93 2 11 13 168 2\nSubtotal 32 100 4,855 100 54 100 4,667 100 86 100 9,522 100\nTotal 28,410 100 796,481 100 10,591 100 196,381 100 39,002 100 992,865 100"
} |
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"pdf_file": "44CC3S6FHPO5OFLW26RYVMNN3CLMBFU5.pdf",
"text": "64445 CFR Ch. XXV (10 –1–02 Edition) §2516.510\n(iv) There is evidence that financial \nresources will be available to continue the program after the expiration of the grant. \n(b) The Corporation also gives pri-\nority to proposals that — \n(1) Involve participants in the design \nand operation of the program; \n(2) Reflect the greatest need for as-\nsistance, such as programs targeting low-income areas; \n(3) Involve students from public and \nprivate schools serving together; \n(4) Involve students of different ages, \nraces, genders, ethnicities, abilities and disabilities, or economic back-grounds, serving together; \n(5) Are integrated into the academic \nprogram of the participants; \n(6) Best represent the potential of \nservice-learning as a vehicle for edu-cation reform and school-to-work tran-sition; \n(7) Develop civic responsibility and \nleadership skills and qualities in par-ticipants; \n(8) Demonstrate the ability to \nachieve the goals of this part on the basis of the proposal ’s quality, innova-\ntion, replicability, and sustainability; or \n(9) Address any other priority estab-\nlished by the Corporation for a par-ticular period. \n(c) In reviewing applications sub-\nmitted by Indian tribes and U.S. Terri-tories, the Corporation — \n(1) May decide to approve only plan-\nning of school-based service-learning programs; and \n(2) Will set the amounts of grants in \naccordance with the respective needs of applicants.\n§2516.510 What happens if the Cor-\nporation rejects a State ’s applica-\ntion for an allotment grant? \nIf the Corporation rejects a State ’s \napplication for an allotment grant under §2516.600(b)(2), the Corporation \nwill— \n(a) Promptly notify the State of the \nreasons for the rejection; \n(b) Provide the State with a reason-\nable opportunity to revise and resub-mit the application; \n(c) Provide technical assistance, if \nnecessary; and (d) Promptly reconsider the resub-\nmitted application and make a deci-sion.\n§2516.520 How does a State, Indian \ntribe, or grantmaking entity review the merits of an application? \nIn reviewing the merits of an applica-\ntion for a subgrant under this part, a Corporation grantee must use the cri-teria and priorities in §2516.500.\nSubpart F —Distribution of Funds\n§2516.600 How are funds for school-\nbased service-learning programs distributed? \n(a) Of the amounts appropriated to \ncarry out this part for any fiscal year, the Corporation will reserve not more than three percent for grants to Indian tribes and U.S. Territories to be allot-ted in accordance with their respective needs. \n(b) The Corporation will use the re-\nmainder of the funds appropriated as follows: (1) Competitive Grants. From 25 percent of the remainder, the Cor-poration may make grants on a com-petitive basis to States, Indian tribes, or grantmaking entities. \n(2) Allotments to States. (i) From 37.5 percent of the remain-\nder, the Corporation will allot to each State an amount that bears the same ratio to 37.5 percent of the remainder as the number of school-age youth in the State bears to the total number of school-age youth of all States. \n(ii) From 37.5 percent of the remain-\nder, the Corporation will allot to each State an amount that bears the same ratio to 37.5 percent of the remainder as the allocation to the State for the previous fiscal year under Chapter 1 of Title I of the Elementary and Sec-ondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2711 et seq. ) bears to the allocations to \nall States. \n(iii) Notwithstanding other provi-\nsions of paragraph (b)(2) of this section, no State will receive an allotment that is less than the allotment the State re-ceived for fiscal year 1993 from the Commission on National and Commu-nity Service. If the amount of funds made available in a fiscal year is insuf-ficient to make those allotments, the Corporation will make additional funds\nVerDate 0ct<31>2002 10:12 Nov 12, 2002 Jkt 197178 PO 00000 Frm 00644 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\197178T.XXX 197178T"
} |
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"pdf_file": "HE3SWA26M4C3264OZH7VXMKMHJFSFRDG.pdf",
"text": "October 15, 2007 PRESS RELEASE: Rep. Wilson Released From Hospital\n \nWashington, D.C. – The doctors at George Washington University Hospital discharged\nCongressman Charlie Wilson (OH-6) today\n \nWilson underwent emergency colon surgery early Thursday morning to correct a problem\ncaused by a routine screening colonoscopy.\nWilson will not leave Washington, D.C. before casting a crucial vote on children’s health care.\nWilson will vote to override the President’s veto to pass the consensus children’s health bill into\nlaw. \n“I have always supported the Children’s Health Insurance Program, but there’s nothing like a\nweek’s stay in the hospital to highlight just how crucial good healthcare is,” Wilson said.\n“Everyone deserves quality healthcare in this country.”\nAfter voting to override the President’s veto Wilson will travel back to Ohio where he will rest\nand recover from the surgery at home. He hopes to return to a light Congressional schedule\nwithin a few weeks. \n“I want to thank everyone who has sent along their good wishes and offered up prayers for my\nrecovery,” Wilson said. “It really means a lot.”\nAll of Wilson’s offices remain open for business. \n \n###\n 1 / 1"
} |
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"pdf_file": "STEAY65OT7HNT3CKODVVW6W4362CSQDJ.pdf",
"text": "UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT\nDISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT\nIn re :\n:\nSTANWICH FINANCIAL SERVICES : Ch. 11\n CORP. :\n: Case No. 01-50831\nDebtor :\n:\n_____________________________________________________________________\n::\nOFFICIAL COMMITTEE OF :UNSECURED CREDITORS, :\n:\nPlaintiff, :\n:\nv. : AP No. 02-05023\n:\nJONATHAN H. PARDEE, CAROL P. :HAVICAN, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS :TRUSTEE OF THE JONATHAN H. :PARDEE CHARITABLE REMAINDER :TRUST, OGDEN H. SUTRO, VIRGINIA :S. MORSE, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS :CO-TRUSTEE OF THE DUNBAR :HEELER TRUST, PETER M. DODGE, :INDIVIDUALLY AND AS CO-TRUSTEE :OF THE DUNBAR WHEELER TRUST, :BEAR, STEARNS & CO., INC., FIRST :UNION CAPITAL MARKETS :CORPORATION, HINCKLEY, ALLEN :& SNYDER, LLP, CAMERON & :MITTLEMAN, LLP, SCOTT A. JUNKIN, :PC, ROBINSON- HUMPHREY CO., LLC:\n:\nDefendants :\nAPPEARANCES: :\n:\nRobert U. Sattin, Esq. : Attorneys for the debtorCarol Felicetta, Esq. :Reid and Riege, PC :One State Street :Hartford, CT 06103-3185 : 1The motion repeats the argument that the Committee lacks standing to bring this\naction on behalf of the debtor. For the reasons stated in In re Stanwich Financial Services\nCorp., 288 B.R. 24 , that argument was rejected on Febr uary 27, 2003. The movants did\nnot appeal that decision.\n2Pamela B. Corrie, Esq. : Attorneys for plaintiff\nDeirdre A. Martini, Esq. : Creditors’ CommitteeIvey Barnum & O’Mara :170 Mason St. :Greenwich, CT 06830 :\n:\nLawrence S. Grossman, Esq. : Attorneys for Pardee defendantsJames Berman, Esq. :Zeisler & Zeisler :558 Clinton Avenue :P.O. Box 3186 :Bridgeport, CT 06605 :\n:\nJohn F. Carberry, Esq. : Attorney for Sutro defendantsCummings and Lockwood :Four Stamford Plaza :P.O. Box 120 :Stamford, CT 06904-0120 :\nORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO DISMISS\nAlan H.W. Shiff, United States Bankruptcy Judge:\nStanwich Financial Services Corp. commenced this chapter 11 case on June 25,\n2001. On May 3, 2002, the Official Committ ee of Unsecured Creditors (the “Committee”),\nfiled the instant adversary proceeding on behalf of the bankruptcy estate to recover certain\nprepetition transfers to the defendants purs uant to an April 16, 2002 court approved\nstipulation with the debtor. On Oct ober 1, 2002, the Pa rdee and Sutro defendants\n(hereafter the “movants”) challenged the standing of the Committee to assert this cause of\naction. On December 27, 2002, the c ourt ruled in favor of the Committee. See In re\nStanwich Financial Services Corp., 288 B.R. 24, 26, 2002 Bank r. LEXIS 1479, *6 (Bankr.\nD. Conn. 2002). \nOn November 14 and 19, 2002, the movants filed the instant motions to dismiss\nCounts I and II of the complaint under Rule 12(b)(6) F.R.Civ.P., and Count VIII of the\ncomplaint under Rule 12(b)(1), F.R.Civ.P ., which are made applicable here by Rule\n7012(b), F.R.Bankr.P.\n1 2Rule 12 (b) provides, in pertinent part: “Def enses and Objections . . . the following\ndefenses may at the option of the pleader be made by motion: (1) lack of jurisdiction over\nthe subject matter . . . (6) failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted . . . .”\n3Standard for dismissal under 12(b)(1) and (6) \nIn considering a motion to di smiss under Rule 12(b)(1) and (6),2 courts “must accept\nthe material facts alleged in the complaint as true and construe all inferences in the\nplaintiff’s favor.” Hirsch v. Arthur Andersen & Co., 72 F.3d 1085, 1088 (2nd Cir.1995);\nGrant v. Wallignford Board of Education, 69 F.3d 669, 672 (2nd Cir. 19 95). As the United\nStates Supreme Court has instructed, “a court may dismiss a complaint only if it is clear\nthat no relief could be granted under any set of facts that coul d be proved consistent with\nthe allegations.” Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A., 534 U.S. 506, 507 (2002) , citing Hishon v.\nKing & Spalding , 467 U.S. 69, 73 (1984).\nRule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss Counts I and II\n Counts I and II seek the avoidance of transfers to the movants on the basis that\nthey engaged in intentional and constructive fraud as defined by Rhode Island General\nLaws 6-16-4 and 6-16-5, m ade applicable to this case by code § 544(b)(1). Counts I and\nII seek the same result under code § 548. The movants argue the fraud theories\nadvanced by the plaintiff in thos e counts are barred by the applic able statutes of limitations.\nThe Committee responds that the st atutes of limitations were equitably tolled. The movants\ncounter that the factual predicate for equitable tolling either was not alleged or not available\nas a matter of law.\nThe movants contend that while the Rhode Island statute of limitations specifically\nrecognizes the applicability of equitable tolling in t he context of actual fr aud, it is silent as\nto constructive fraud. See February 27, 2003 hearing record at 11:36. That argument\nignores Rhode Island General Law § 9-1-20, which provides t hat if any cause of action,\ne.g., for actual or constructive fraud, is c oncealed, the limitation period will not begin to 3Rhode Island General Law § 9-1-20 provides “if any person, liable to an action by\nanother, shall fraudulently, by actual misrepres entation, conceal from him or her the\nexistence of the cause of ac tion, the cause of action sha ll be deemed to accrue against the\nperson so liable at the time when the person entitled to sue thereon shall first discover its\nexistence.”\n4The movants assert that as the sole ow ner and shareholder of the debtor, Charles\nE. Bradley’s knowledge of t he scheme should be imputed to t he debtor under principles of\nagency. That result is not warranted in t he context of a motion to dismiss, because\nBradley’s interest was arguabl y adverse to the debtor. See, e.g., In re Candor Diamond\nCorp. , 76 B.R. 342, 350-1 (Bank r. S.D.N.Y. 1987). See also February 27, 2003 hearing\nrecord at 12:12.\n5Section 548 provides:\n(a)(1) The trustee may avoid any transfer of an interest of the debtor in property, or\nany obligation incurred by the debtor, that was made or incurred on or within one\nyear before the date of the filing of the petition, if the debtor voluntarily or\ninvoluntarily– \n(A) made such transfer or incurred such obli gation with actual intent to hinder, delay,\nor defraud any entity to whic h the debtor was or became, on or after the date that\nsuch transfer was made or such obligation was incurred, indebted; or\n(B)(i) received less than a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for such\ntransfer or obligation; and\n(ii) (I) was insolvent on the date that such transfer was made or such obligation\nwas incurred, or became insolvent as a result of such transfer or obligation;\n(II) was engaged in business or a transaction, or was about to engage in\nbusiness or a transaction, for which any property remaining with the debtor\n4accrue until the cause of action has been discovered.3 See Waters v. Salt Disney World\nCo., 237 F.Supp.2d 162, 167 (D. R.I. 2002). \nHere, Counts I and II allege that Pardee and Sutro concealed certain facts, had\nactual or constructive knowledge of other fa cts, and participated in a scheme to deplete the\ndebtor’s assets. See Complaint at ¶¶ 6, 9, 33, 34, 37, 47, 52, 54-58, incorporated into\nCount I by ¶ 72 and Count II by ¶ 80. The Co mmittee has alleged that it “did not discover\nnor could [it] have discovered with reasonable diligence the facts giving rise to this\nComplaint any earlier than one year prior to the date [it was filed].” Complaint at ¶2.4\nThe movants argue that code § 548 prov ides a fixed one year window within which\na fraudulent transfer must have occurred to avoid the transfer.5 As the Committee correctly was an unreasonably small capital; or\n(III) int ended to incur, or believed that the debtor would incur, debts that\nwould be beyond the debtor's ability to pay as such debts matured.\nIt is undisputed that the transfers at issue occurred more than one y ear before the petition\ndate.\n6Movants’ reliance on Hassett v. Zimmerman (In re O.P .M. Leasing Services, Inc.)\n32 B.R. 199 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 1983) for the proposition that t he lookback provision in §548\nis inelastic, is misplaced since that case did not involve an issue of equitable tolling. See\nSutro Memorandum in Sup port of Motion to Dismiss at 4 and Feburary 27, 2003 hearing\nrecord at 12:31:50.\n5observes, however, the doctrine of equitable to lling is generally read into every federal\nstatute, unless Congress expressly provides to the contrary in clear and unambiguous\nlanguage.\nIt is hornbook law that limit ations periods are custom arily subject to equitable\ntolling . . . Congress must be presumed to draft limitations per iods in light of\nthis background principle. That is doubly true when it is enacting limitations\nperiods to be applied by bankruptcy cour ts, which are courts of equity and\napply the principles and rules of equity jurisprudence.\nYoung v. United States, __ U.S.__, 122 S.Ct. 1036, 1039 (2002) (internal citations, ellipses\nand quotation marks omitted); Atlantic City Elec. Co . v. General Elec. Co., 312 F.2d 236,\n239 (2nd Cir.1962).6 \n Under the doctrine of wrongf ul concealment, “the statute of limitations will be tolled\nif the plaintiff proves three elements: (1) wr ongful concealment by the defendant, (2) which\nprevented the plaintiff's discove ry of the nature of the clai m within the limitations period,\nand (3) due diligence in pursuing discovery of the claim.” Butala v. Agashiwala, 916\nF.Supp. 314, 319 (S.D.N.Y.1996) (cited in G-I Holdings v. Baron & Budd, 238 F.Supp.2d.\n251 (2002). \nAs noted, the Committee has alleged in Counts I and II that the movants engaged\nin a systematic course of conduct which thwa rted its discovery of the instant causes of\naction. See Complaint at ¶¶ 6, 9, 33, 34, 37, 47, 52, 54-58, as incorporated by ¶¶72 and\n80. Accepting those material allegations and construing them in the Committee’s favor, as\nrequired in this analysis, see supra at 3, the motion to di smiss Counts I and II must be\ndenied. 7Without requisite standing, the court lacks s ubject matter jurisdiction and the unjust\nenrichment count must be dismissed pur suant to Rule 12(b)(1), F.R.Civ.P. See, e.g.,\nFaibish v. University of Minnesota, 304 F.3d 797, 800 (8th Cir. 2002).\n6Rule 12(b)(1) motion to dismiss Count VIII\n The movants contend that the Committee lacks standing to bring Count VIII (unjust\nenrichment) because it alleges only that creditors have been harmed and not the debtor.7\nSee Complaint at ¶¶111-115. Again, construing that count in the Committee’s favor, it\nplainly alleges that the debtor has been harmed by the movants’ conduct, see Complaint\nat ¶¶1, 65, 70. Indeed, as a re medy, Count VIII seeks the imposition of a constructive trust\n“for the benefit of the debtor’s estate.” Id. at ¶115 (emphasis added).\nAccordingly, the motions to dismiss are DENIED, and it isSO ORDERED.Dated at Bridgeport, CT this 9th of April, 2003.\n______________________________\n Alan H. W. Shiff United States Bankruptcy Judge"
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"text": "August 3, 2007 - Farr Releases Town Hall Schedule\n WASHINGTON, D.C. - Congressman Sam Farr (D-Carmel) has released the schedule for his\nsummer town hall meetings. He encourages everyone to join him and share their thoughts. \n \n Monterey Town Hall\n August 10, 6:30-8:30 p.m.\n Monterey City Council Chambers\n Pacific St. and Madison St. \n \n Salinas Town Hall \n August 13, 6:30-8:30 p.m.\n Firehouse Community Room \n 1330 E. Alisal St. \n \n Hesperia Town Hall\n (organized by the Hesperia Hall Foundation)\n August 17, 7 p.m.\n Hesperia Hall\n 51602 Bryson-Hesperia Rd. \n \n Hollister Town Hall\n August 22, 6:30-8:30 p.m.\n San Benito County Administrative Bldg.\n 481 4th Street, 1st Floor \n \n Santa Cruz Town Hall\n August 23, 6:30-8:30 p.m.\n The Veterans Memorial Bldg.\n 846 Front St. \n \n Greenfield Town Hall\n Sept. 13, 6:30-8:30 p.m.\n Greenfield City Hall\n 1 / 2 August 3, 2007 - Farr Releases Town Hall Schedule\n 45 El Camino Real \n \n For more information, contact Rep. Farr's district office at 831-424-2229 or his Washington\noffice at 202-225-2861. \n \n ### \n \n 2 / 2"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "OGSA4IWZYF53JIBKQTNJ66QCBGV7EKR7.pdf",
"text": "COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY \nBEFORE THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION \nIn the Matter of: \nPURCHASED WATER ADJUSTMENT OF 1 \nMUHLENBERG COUNTY WATER DISTRICT 1 CASE NO. 10486 \nORDER \nOn December 7, 1988, Muhlenberg County Water District \n('Muhlenberg\") filed its revised tariff with the Public Service \nCommission (\"Commission\" 1 €or the purpose of adjusting its rates \npursuant to KRS 278.015 and 807 KAR 5:068, Purchased Water \nAdjustment. \nThe Commission, having reviewed the evidence of record and \nbeing advlaed, is of the opinion and finds that: \n1. Effective January 1, 1989, Huhlenberg's supplier, City \nof Central City, will increase its rates for wholesale water from \n$.891 to $1.0094 per 1,000 gallons. \n2. Muhlenberg proposed to adjust the rates to its customers \neffective January 1, 1989. \n3. During the 12 months ending September 1988, Muhlenberg \npurchased 421,199,600 gallons of water and sold 303,795,100 \ngallons. \n4. Muhlenberg's initial calculations are incorrect in that \nit erroneously divided the increase in costs by the gallons \npurchased rather than the gallons sold. Additional information \nwas filed on December 12, 1988 correcting this error. 5. The increase in purchased water costs is $49,870, \nresulting in a purchased water adjustment of $.16 per 1,000 \ngallons. \n6. The purchased water adjustment of $.16 per 1,000 gallons \nand the rates in Appendix A are fair, just, and reasonable and \nshould be approved. \nIT Is THEREFORE ORDERED that: \n1. The purchased water adjustment and rates prapoaed by \nHuhlenberg are denied. \n2. The purchased water adjustment of $.16 per 1,000 gallons \nand the rates in Appendix A are approved for services rendered on \nand after January 1, 1989. \n3. Within 30 days of the date of this Order, nuhlenberg \nshall file a revised tariff setting out the rates approved herein. \n4. Within 30 days of the effective date of this Order, \nMuhlenberg shall file a copy of the notice to its customers and \nverification that such notice has been given. \nDone at Frankfort, Kentucky, this 21st day of Decgltber, 1988. \nPUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION \nATTEST : \nExecutive Director . \nAPPENDIX A \nAPPENDIX TO AN ORDER OF THE KENTUCKY PUBLIC! SERVICE \nCOMMISSION IN CASE NO. 10486 DATED 12/21/88 \nThe following rates and charges are prescribed for the \nCustomers in the area served by Muhlenberg County Water District. \nAll other rates and chargee not specifically mentioned herein \nshall remain the same as those in effect under authority of this \nCommission prior to the effective date of this Order. \nUSAGE BLOCKS \n5/8 x 3/4 Inch Connection \nFirst 2,000 gallons \nNext 8,000 gallons \nNext lO,OOO gallons \nNext 30,000 gallons \nOver 50,000 gallons \n1 Inch Connection \nFirst 58000 gallons \nNext 5,000 gallons \nNext 10,000 gallons \nNext 30,000 gallons \nOver 50,000 gallons \n1 112 Inch Connection \nFirst 11,000 gallons \nNext 98000 gallons \nNext 30,000 gallons \nOver 50,000 gallons \n2 Inch Connection \nFirst 168000 gallons \nNext 4,000 gallon6 \nNext 308000 gallons \nOver 50,000 gallons \nWholesale Customer \nDrakesboro MONTHLY RATES \n$10.42 Minimum Bill \n4.76 per 1,000 gallons \n4.16 per 1,000 gallons \n3.51 per 1,000 gallons \n2.61 per 1,000 gallons \n$24.70 Minimum Bill \n4.76 per 1,000 gallons \n4.16 per 1,000 gallons \n3.51 per 1,000 gallons \n2.61 per 1,000 gallons \n$52.66 Winimum Bill \n4.16 per 1,000 gallons \n3.51 per 1,000 gallone \n2.61 per 1,000 gallone \n$73.46 Minimum Bill \n4.16 per 1,000 gallons \n3.51 per 1,000 gallons \n2.61 per 1,000 gallon8 \n$1.96 per 18000 gallons "
} |
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"text": "June 29, 1995\nThis is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since\nchanges may be made before publication, this preprint is made available with the\nunderstanding that it will not be cited or reproduced without the permission of the\nauthor.LawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratoryUCRL-JC-121193\nPREPRINT\nThis paper was prepared for submittal to the\n1995 International Symposium on Microelectronics\nLos Angeles, CA\nOctober 24-26, 1995Dymalloy: A Composite Substrate for\nHigh Power Density Electronic Components\nJ. A. Kerns\nN. J. Colella\nD. Makowiecki\nH. L. Davidson DISCLAIMER\nThis document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of\nthe United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the\nUniversity of California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express\nor implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy,\ncompleteness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process\ndisclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.\nReference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade\nname, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or\nimply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States\nGovernment or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors\nexpressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States\nGovernment or the University of California, and shall not be used for advertising\nor product endorsement purposes. Dymalloy\nA Composite Substrate for High Power Density Electronic Components\nJohn A. Kerns, Nicholas J. Colella, Daniel Makowiecki\nLawrence Livermore National Laboratory\n7000 East Ave\nLivermore, CA 94550\n(510) 422-9586 ph\n(510)422-6747 Fax\nHoward L. Davidson\nM/S SUN02-210\nSun Microsystems\n2550 Garcia Ave.\nMountain View, CA 94070\n(408) 774-8735 ph\n(408) 733-6112 Fax\nAbstract\nHigh power density electronic components such as fast microprocessors and power semiconductors must\noperate below the maximum rated device junction temperature to ensure reliability. Junction temperatures are\ndetermined by the amount of heat generated and the thermal resistance from junction to the ambient thermal\nenvironment. Two of the largest contributions to this thermal resistance are the die attach interface and the package\nbase. A decrease in these resistances can allow increased component packing density in MCMs, reduction of heat\nsink volume in tightly packed systems, enable the use of higher performance circuit components, and improve\nreliability.\nThe substrate for high power density devices is the primary thermal link between the junctions and the heat\nsink. Present high power multichip modules and single chip packages use substrate materials such as silicon nitride\nor copper tungsten that have thermal conductivity in the range of 200 W/mK. We have developed Dymalloy, a\ncopper-diamond composite, that has a thermal conductivity of 420 W/mK and an adjustable coefficient of thermal\nexpansion, nominally 5.5 ppm/C at 25 C, compatible with silicon and gallium arsenide. Because of the matched\ncoefficient of thermal expansion it is possible to use low thermal resistance hard die attach methods.\nDymalloy is a composite material made using micron size Type I diamond powder that has a published\nthermal conductivity of 600 to 1000 W/mK in a metal matrix that has a thermal conductivity of 350 W/mK. The\nregion of chemical bonding between the matrix material and diamond is limited to approximately 100 A to maintain\na high effective thermal conductivity for the composite. The material may be fabricated in near net shapes.\nBesides having exceptional thermal properties, the mechanical properties of this material also make it an\nattractive candidate as an electronic component substrate material.\nKey words: substrate, package base, composite material, diamond composite\nIntroduction\nModern microprocessors have reached\npower densities of 77 W/cm2 [1], and arepredicted to rise to 200 W/cm2 [2]. Power\nsemiconductors, such as the die in a 350 W\nBUS50 TO-3 power transistor, may operate at a\npower density of 660 W/cm2 [3]. To ensure correct operation and adequate life it is\nnecessary to limit the junction temperature to\nless than 200 C for discrete power\nsemiconductors, 125 C for military logic devices,\nand as low as 70 C for some commercial logic\ndevices. For many high power density devices\nmuch of the allowable temperature budget is\nexpended in the package base and die attach\nthermal resistances.\nThe ideal material for a package base\nwould have infinite thermal conductivity and a\nCTE perfectly matched to the semiconductor\nmaterial. The need for high thermal conductivity\nis obvious. The good CTE match is required\nbecause thermally induced shear stress at the die\nbond is directly proportional to the mismatch in\nCTE and the length from the center of the die to\na corner.\nThe best thermal conductivity available\nin a naturally occurring material is about 2200\nW/mK for good quality Type IIa diamond. Pure\ncopper has a thermal conductivity of 393\nW/mK. Common package base materials such\nas copper-tungsten, AlN, and BeO all have\nthermal conductivities near 200 W/mK. The\nnew aluminum silicon carbide composites also\nfall in this range. Copper diamond composite\nmaterial, called Dymalloy, made with 55 vol% of\ngood quality Type I diamond has a thermal\nconductivity of 420 W/mK.\nWhile Type IIa diamond has been\nsuccessfully employed as a heat spreader for\nlaser diodes and some microwave devices, its\nCTE of 1.7 ppm/C, compared to 5.8 ppm/C for\nGaAs, limits its use with hard, high thermal\nconductivity, die attach methods to die generally\nless than 1 mm on a side. Dymalloy, made with\n55 vol% diamond, has a perfect CTE match to\ngallium arsenide. Note that siightly increasing\nthe diamond volume fraction allows the CTE to\nbe adjusted to provide a perfect match to silicon.\nValues of the thermal conductivity and CTE of\ncommon semiconductor and substrate materials\nare shown in Table 1.\nAs an example consider a die with a\npower density of 100 W/cm2 attached to a\nsubstrate with a 65 m bond line. Using a silver-\nfilled epoxy die attach will result in a\ntemperature rise of 29C. Using a Au-Sn bond\nwould result in a rise of 0.8 C. This is smaller\nthan the 4.4 C rise through a typical 625 m thick\nsilicon die under these conditions. For extremely\nhigh power density conditions combiningthinned die with an activated nitride bond\nprocess [4] that can produce a bond line only\n2000 A thick may be appropriate.\nTable 1. Properties of Common Semiconductor\nand Substrate Materials.\nThermal\nConductivity\nW/mKCTE\nppm/C\nSi 150 4.2\nGaAs 50 5.8\nDymalloy 420 5.5\nCopper 393 17\nCu-W 25/75 230 8.3\nBeO 210 6.7\nAlN 180 4.5\nModern microprocessor die are often\nlarger than 1.5 cm on a side. They are most often\nattached to their packages with a polymer die\nattach to provide a compliant joint that can\nabsorb the shear stress caused by the difference\nin CTE between silicon at 4.2 ppm/C and copper\ntungsten at 8.3 ppm/C. A good silver-filled\nepoxy die attach material has a thermal\nconductivity of 1.9 W/mK. The thermal\nconductivity of Au-Sn 80/20 die attach alloy is\n68 W/mK. For the same power density and\nthickness the silver-filled epoxy will have 36\ntimes the temperature rise of the Au-Sn. Values\nfor the thermal conductivity of some common\ndie attach materials are shown in Table 2.\nTable 2. Thermal conductivity of Common Die\nAttach Materials.\nThermal Conductivity\n W/mK\nAu-Sn 80/20 68\nAu-Ge 88/12 88\nAu-Si 97/3 27\nSilver Glass 17\nSilver-Filled Epoxy 1.9\nGiven that the total temperature rise\nbudget from junction to ambient is only 60 C in\nthe case of workstations, having a substrate that\nis CTE matched to the semiconductor provides a\nmajor advantage. Using a substrate with more\nthat twice the thermal conductivity of any other\nCTE matched material provides additional\nmargin. Fabrication Considerations\nThe fabrication process for Dymalloy, a\nhigh thermal conductivity diamond-metal\ncomposite, was developed to address both\ntechnical and commercial requirements. The\ntechnical challenge is to combine diamond\npowders with a metal to produce a composite\nwith high thermal conductivity. The commercial\nrequirements are to produce this composite in\nnear net shape and to be cost competitive with\nexisting products. These two basic requirements\nhave guided the development of Dymalloy.\nIn order to be cost competitive the\ndiamond powder and metal matrix material\nmust be readily available and both must have\nhigh thermal conductivity. The ideal diamond\npowder material would be free from defects and\ncontaminants. These requirements are\napproached by Type IIa diamonds that have a\ntypical thermal conductivity of 2200 W/mK.\nType IIa diamonds are used for jewelry and are\nunavailable in powder form. CVD diamond\nfilms are the next choice for the composite with a\nthermal conductivity of 1400 W/mK. These\nfilms could be crushed into powders for the\ncomposite but this process is not economically\nfeasible. The more common Type I diamond is\ncommercially available as powder and is used\nfor manufacturing operations such as grinding\nand lapping. Type I diamond has a measured\nthermal conductivity of 600 to 1000 W/mK and\ncosts between $0.50 and $1.00 a carat. Type I\ndiamond powder is used to make Dymalloy\nbecause of its availability and cost.\nThe reported thermal conductivity of\ndiamond was measured on relatively large\ndiamond samples and not on the diamond\npowder used for the composite. The bulk\nthermal conductivity of a material is size\nindependent until the dimensions of the material\napproach the mean free path of the heat\ntransport mechanism, electrons for metals and\nphonons for non-metals. The minimum size\ndiamond powder used in the composite was\nestimated to be at least ten times the phonon\nmean free path in the diamond or approximately\n1 m. Graebner et.al. [5] showed that diamond\ngrain size affects the thermal conductivity of\nCVD diamond films. As the grainsize increases\nthe thermal conductivity increases until the\ngrains are larger than approximately 20 m.\nDymalloy has been made with diamond\npowders in the 6 to 50 m size range.The variation in Type I diamond\nthermal conductivity is also a function of purity\nand internal defects. Diamond powders may\ncontaina variety of metal impurities and a\nvariable amount of nitrogen. Some diamond\npowders are manufactured to have a high\ndensity of internal defects.\nFor our application Type I diamond\npowder material should be selected to maximize\nthe thermal characteristics of the composite.\nDymalloy was made using diamond powders\npurchased from several vendors in order to\noptimize the composite properties.\nObtaining a high thermal conductivity\ndiamond composite substrate requires that the\ndiamond be chemically bonded to the matrix\nmaterial. At the bond line between the metal\nmatrix and diamond the metal electron thermal\nconductivity is converted into phonon\nconductivity. There is some evidence that the\nbonding material can affect this transition [6].\nThis is critical because the metal-carbon bond, or\ncarbide, has relatively poor thermal\nconductivity. To minimize this effect the total\nthickness of this bond must be minimized.\nMaterials such as titanium, tungsten, chrome,\nand zirconium have been used to form the\ncarbide bond in Dymalloy. The majority of\nDymalloy composites have been made using\nTungsten - 26 % Rhenium as the bond material.\nQuantitative measurements of the effect of\nvarious bond material have not been made so\nthe choice of using W-Rh is qualitative, based on\nobservations during the fabrication process.\nFabrication of Dymalloy\nThe first step in the fabrication process\nis coating the diamond powder using a physical\nvapor deposition technique. To ensure uniform\ncoating of the irregular diamond grains the\npowder is tumbled in the coating system. This is\naccomplished by placing the powder in a small\nmetal pan that is mechanically vibrated in the\nvertical direction by a piezo-ceramic transducer.\nThe diamond is coated in this system with\napproximately 100 A of W-Rh . We have verified\nthis thickness using TEM analysis.\nAll of the carbide forming materials\noxidize in air and bonding to oxide surfaces is\ndifficult. This problem is prevented by coating\n1000 A of a brazeable material, such as pure\ncopper, on top of the carbide former in situ. The\nresult is coated diamond powder that has 100 A of a carbide forming material overcoated with\n1000 A of brazeable material.\nAt this point the coated diamond\npowder can be packed into a form and vacuum\ninfiltrated with the metal matrix material to\nform a composite. Although composites have\nbeen made using this technique, the diamond\npowder with these very thin coatings are\ndifficult to form into a final shape before\ninfiltrating. Control samples made using\ncommercially available copper coated diamond\npowder were not as difficult to form. The\ncommercial coated diamond powder has a\nthicker copper coating, several microns thick,\nthat flows during the forming process. Although\nthe commercial powder is easier to form,\nexamination of this powder shows that the\ndiamond grains are entrapped, not bonded, in\nthe copper. An electroless plating process is\nused to increase the copper thickness to several\nmicrons on the coated diamond powder used for\nmaking Dymalloy. This added step makes the\nforming process easier.\nThe composite is made by placing the\npowder into a form, pressing the powder to the\ndesired thickness, and infiltrating with the\nmatrix material. This forming process was\ndeveloped using commercially available copper\ncoated diamond powder. The data from this\ndevelopment is directly applicable to making\nDymalloy. Experiments were made to determine\nthe initial filling thickness of diamond powder,\nthe pressure necessary to compact the form, and\nthe amount of metal matrix material that is\nneeded for the infiltration process so that the\nfinal composite meets thickness and\ndimensional tolerances.\nThe final step is infiltrating the formed\ndiamond powder with a high thermal\nconductivity material. We presently use a\ncopper-silver (20/80) alloy that has a thermal\nconductivity of 354 W/mK and a melting point\nof approximately 800 C. Other materials such as\ncopper with a thermal conductivity of 393\nW/mK can be used, but the lower melting\ntemperature alloy avoids problems with\ngraphitization of the diamond.\nThe infiltration process is done in a\nvacuum and capillary action allows the metal\nbraze to wick into the form. Using an amount of\nbraze material just sufficient to thoroughly wet\nthe form ensures that the composite does not\ndeform upon cooling due to the differences in\nthe coefficient of thermal expansion between thebraze material and the composite. Other\nmanufacturing processes that combine sections\nof these last two steps can be envisioned but\nwere not tried.\nMaterial Properties\nThe material properties that have been\nmeasured include density, porosity, diamond\nfraction, specific heat, coefficient of thermal\nexpansion, thermal conductivity, speed of\nsound, and the mechanical stress - strain\nrelation. Some of the properties such as density,\nspecific heat, and the coefficient of thermal\nexpansion can be determined from a rule of\nmixtures formula assuming the volume fraction\nof diamond in the composite and are verified by\nmeasurements. These estimates also assume that\nthe composite is fully dense.\nThe diamond volume fraction is\ndetermined by measuring the porosity and\ndensity. We determined that the composite was\nfully dense by using mercury porosimetry\ntechnique. Any porosity would have a\ndetrimental affect on the thermal conductivity of\nthe composite. The measured density of 6.4 g/cc\nwas then used to determine the diamond\nvolume fraction of 55%.\nBoth the specific heat and the coefficient\nof thermal expansion for several test pieces were\nmeasured as functions of temperature. The\naverage specific heat for temperatures between\n25 and 75 C was measured to be 0.316 +\n8.372x10-4 T (J/gK). The average CTE between\n25 and 200 C was 5.48 + 6.5x10-3 T (ppm/C).\nThe thermal conductivity of a composite\nmaterial is a combination of the thermal\nconductivities of the constituents. The thermal\ncircuit through the composite is made up of\nmany parallel and series conduction paths. A\nsimple unit cell estimate of the effective thermal\nconductivity of the composite, assuming the\ndiamond at 1000 W/mK and the matrix at 400\nW/mK gives 660 W/mK. Bounds on the\neffective thermal conductivity of the composite\ncan be made using the formula given in [7].\nFigure 1 shows the bounds of the effective\nthermal conductivity for the composite as a\nfunction of diamond thermal conductivity.\nBounding values of the effective\nthermal conductivity for the composite as a\nfunction of matrix material thermal conductivity\nis shown in Figure 2. In this plot the diamond thermal conductivity is 1000 W/mK and the\ndiamond loading is 55 vol%. As the matrix\nthermal conductivity decreases the difference\nbetween the upper and lower bound increases.\nEstimates of the effective thermal conductivity\nof a diamond composite correspond to the lower\nbound values. The measured thermal\nconductivities of epoxy-silver and epoxy-\ndiamond composites also agree with lower\nbound estimates.\n025050075010001250Keff (W/mK)\n0\n200\n400\n600\n800\n1000\n1200\n1400\n1600\n1800\n2000\n2200\nK diamond (W/mK)\nFigure 1. Bounds of the effective thermal\nconductivity if the composite as a function of\ndiamond thermal conductivity. The matrix\nthermal conductivity is 354 W/mK and the\nvolume fraction of diamond is 55%.\nThe speed of sound and the stress -\nstrain relation are difficult to estimate but they\nwere measured. Ultrasound techniques were\nused to measure the speed of sound at 7000 m/s\nin the copper diamond matrix material. This\nsound speed is comparable to aluminum,\nmolybdenum, titanium, tungsten carbide, and\ncalcium fluoride. The stress strain relation for\nDymalloy shows that the material does have\nsome plastic characteristics. Dymalloy has a\nlinear stress-strain relation for stresses up to 40\nkpsi and strains of approximately 0.1 to 0.2 %.\nAfter this linear region the stress increases and\nfailure occurs between 50 and 60 kpsi at strains\nof approximately 5.0 to 6.0 %. Examination of\nthe fractured surfaces, shown in the magnified\nportion of Figure 3, shows that brittle fracture\noccurs in the diamonds and the matrix fails in a\nductile manner. The stress-strain relation shows\nthat Dymalloy is not a brittle material but hassome plastic characteristics which could prove\nto be advantageous for manufacturing purposes.\nBecause Dymalloy is fabricated using a\npowder process it is straightforward to process\ncomponents to near-net shape. The as fabricated\nsurface has some texture from the embedded\ndiamond particles. If a smoother surface is\nrequired it is possible to plate up the surface and\npolish it.\n0200400600800K eff (W/mK)\n0\n50\n100\n150\n200\n250\n300\n350\n400\nK matrix (W/mK)\nFigure 2. Effective thermal conductivity of a\ndiamond composite as a function of matrix\nmaterial thermal conductivity. The diamond\nthermal conductivity is 1000 W/mK and the\nloading is 55vol%.\nConclusion\nDymalloy has been developed as a\nsubstrate material for use in high power density\npackaging The principle advantages of this\nmaterial are that it has a thermal conductivity\napproximately twice that of present substrate\nmaterials and has a coefficient of thermal\nexpansion that matches gallium arsinide and is\nadjustable to match silicon. Matching the CTE\nbetween the electronic component and the\npackage base allows the use of hard die bond\nmaterials that have relatively high thermal\nconductivities. This reduces the thermal\nresistance from the junction to case and enables\nthe component to run cooler or at higher power. Figure 3. The figure shows two magnified\nviews of the fracture surface of a Dymalloy\ndisk. The lower magnification picture shows\nthe uniform distribution of diamond in the\nmetal matrix. The higher magnification photo\nat the bottom of the figure reveals high\nstrength cleavage failure in the diamond\nparticles.1. W.R. Hamburgen and J.R. Fitch, \"Packaging a\n150 W Bipolar ECL Microprocessor\",\nProceedings of the 42nd Electronic Components\nand Technology Conference, IEEE, May 1992,\npp. 412-422 .\n2. G. Sai-Halaz, \"Performance Trends in High\nEnd Processors\", Proc. IEEE, Vol. 83 (1), pp. 20-\n36, Jan.1995.\n3. Direct measurement on delidded BUS50\npower transistor. The package was found to\ncontain two 0.50 X 0.53 cm die.\n4. R. Bower and M. Ismail, \" Low Temperature\nSi3N4 Direct Bonding\", Appl. Phys, Lett., Vol.\n62 (26), 28 June 1993, pp. 3485-3487.\n5. J.E. Graebner, S. Jin, G.W. Kammlott, J.A.\nHerb, and C.F. Gardinier, \"Unusually High\nThermal Conductivity in Diamond Film\", Appl.\nPhys. Lett. 60 (13), 30 March 1992, pp. 1576-1578.\n6. P.R.W. Hudson, \"The Thermal Resistivity of\nDiamond Heat-Sink Bond Materials\", J. Phys. D:\nAppl. Phys., Vol. 9, 1976 pp. 225-232\n7. S. Nomura, and T.W. Chou, \"Bounds of\nEffective Thermal Conductivity of Short Fiber\nComposites\", J. Composite Materials, Vol. 14,\nApril 1980, 120-129\nThis work was performed under the auspices of\nthe U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence\nLivermore National Laboratory under contract\nno. W-7405-Eng-48. Technical Information Department • Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory\nUniversity of California • Livermore, California 94551"
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"pdf_file": "S6CZ2JY6KSR26KFVFVISFAS2LMXFJOHO.pdf",
"text": "page 1 of 7 Sat Oct 03 09:12:26 EDT 2009 031502060000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nJohnson City Central School District for 2007-08\n Vocational and Educational Services for Individuals with Disabilities\nSpecial Education School District Data Profile for 2007-08\nThe Special Education School District Data Profile is prepared in accordance with the requirement of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Each State must have \na State Performance Plan (SPP) to evaluate the State's efforts to meet the requirements and purposes of the implementation of IDEA. The SPP is a six-year plan which describes \nNew York State's performance on 20 indicators. States must report annually to the public on the performance of the State in an Annual Performance Report (APR) and each \nschool district against the State's targets. New York State's SPP and the APR that describe these indicators in detail are available at \nhttp://www.vesid.nysed.gov/specialed/spp/home.html .\nThe following report reflects only quantifiable data collected by the State. Since performance of a school district in any indicator may be the result of unique circumstances within \na district, readers are encouraged to consider information provided by the district's administration in interpreting these data.\nEnrollment and Classification Rate\n 2007-08\nEnrollment of school-age students with disabilities on December 3 429\nDistrict enrollment (public and nonpublic school-age students - with and without disabilities) on the first Wednesday in \nOctober2,899\nSpecial education classification rate 14.8%\nEnrollment of preschool students with disabilities on December 1 44\nIndicator 1: Graduation Rate of Students with Disabilities\n 2007-08\n(2004 Total Cohort four years later \nas of June 30, 2008)2007-08\n(2003 Total Cohort five years later as \nof June 30, 2008)\nNumber of students with disabilities who first entered 9th grade anywhere (or if \nungraded, became 17 years old) in 2004-0555 \nNumber of students with disabilities who first entered 9th grade anywhere (or if \nungraded, became 17 years old) in 2003-04 36\nGraduation rate 58.2% 52.8%\nState target for 2007-08 38% or higher No State Target\nMeets State target? Yes Not Applicable page 2 of 7 Sat Oct 03 09:12:26 EDT 2009 031502060000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nJohnson City Central School District\n Vocational and Educational Services for Individuals with Disabilities\nIndicator 2: Drop-Out Rate of Students with Disabilities\n 2007-08\n(2004 Total Cohort as of June 30, 2008)\nNumber of students with disabilities who first entered 9th grade anywhere (or if ungraded, became 17 years old) in \n2004-05 school year55\nDrop-out rate after four years 14.5%\nState target for 2007-08 19% or lower\nMeets State target? Yes\nIndicator 3: State Assessments\nParticipation in State Assessments2007-08\nGrades\n3-8\nEnglish Language Arts \n(ELA)Grades\n3-8\nMathHigh School\nEnglish Language Arts \n(ELA)High School\nMath\nEnrollment of students with disabilities for participation rate 189 192 Less Than 40* Less Than 40*\nParticipation rate 99% 99% * *\nState target for 2007-08 95% 95% 95% 95%\nMeets State target? Yes Yes * *\n* Participation rate is provided only if at least 40 students with disabilities are reported in the first row.\nPerformance on State Assessments and Adequate Yearly \nProgress (AYP)2007-08\nGrades\n3-8\nEnglish Language Arts \n(ELA)Grades\n3-8\nMathHigh School\nEnglish Language Arts \n(ELA)High School\nMath\nEnrollment of students with disabilities for performance \naccountability171 169 41 41\nScore on performance index 119 144 151 161\nState target for 2007-08 101 110 124 134\nMeets State target? Yes Yes Yes Yes\nMade AYP? Yes Yes Yes Yes page 3 of 7 Sat Oct 03 09:12:26 EDT 2009 031502060000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nJohnson City Central School District\n Vocational and Educational Services for Individuals with Disabilities\nIndicator 4: Suspensions/Expulsions\nLong-term Suspension Rate 2007-08\nNumber of students with disabilities suspended out-of-school for more than 10 days 12\nNumber of students with disabilities enrolled on December 3 429\nPercent of students with disabilities suspended out-of-school for more than 10 days 2.8%\nState target for 2007-08 2.7% or lower\nMeets State target? No\nIndicator 5: School-age Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)\n 2007-2008\nNumber of students with disabilities ages 6-21 \non December 3417\n Percent of students with disabilities in general education \nprogram for: In\nseparate\nschools / \nfacilitiesIn\nOther\nSettings80% or\nmore of\nthe day40 to 79%\nof the dayLess than\n40% of\nthe day\nPercent of students ages 6-21 in each setting 58% 13.7% 21.1% 7.2% 0%\nState target for 2007-08 More than 53.1% No State Target Less than 24.6% Less than 6.8% No State Target\nMeets State target? Yes Not Applicable Yes No Not Applicable\nIndicator 6: Preschool Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)\nThe data for this indicator are not presented because the LRE reporting categories for preschool children with disabilities are under review by the United States Department of \nEducation. page 4 of 7 Sat Oct 03 09:12:26 EDT 2009 031502060000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nJohnson City Central School District\n Vocational and Educational Services for Individuals with Disabilities\nIndicator 7: Preschool Outcomes\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.vesid.nysed.gov/sedcar/sppschedule.html for the school year in which this school district will \nreport data for this indicator.\n 2007-08\nPositive\nSocial - \nEmotional SkillsAcquisition and Use of \nKnowledge & SkillsUse of\nAppropriate \nBehaviors\nto Meet\ntheir Needs\nNumber of preschool students with disabilities evaluated for progress between entry into \npreschool special education and exit from preschool special education\nPercent of preschool students with disabilities who demonstrate improvement\nState target for 2007-08 To Be Established To Be Established To Be Established\nMeets State target?\nIndicator 8: Parental Involvement\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.vesid.nysed.gov/sedcar/sppschedule.html for the school year in which this school district will \nreport data for this indicator.\n 2007-08\nNumber of completed parent surveys returned\nPercent of parents who reported that schools facilitated parent involvement to improve services and results for students with \ndisabilities\nState target for 2007-08 87.5% or higher\nMeets State target?\nIndicator 9: Disproportionality - Identification for Special Education\n 2007-08\nDid the school district have disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in special \neducation and related services that was the result of inappropriate policies, practices and procedures?No\nState target for 2007-08No school districts will have disproportionality that is the result \nof inappropriate policies, practices and procedures.\nMeets State target? Yes\nDate the district reported correction of noncompliance for this indicator if it did not meet the State \ntargetNot Applicable page 5 of 7 Sat Oct 03 09:12:26 EDT 2009 031502060000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nJohnson City Central School District\n Vocational and Educational Services for Individuals with Disabilities\nIndicator 10A: Disproportionality in Specific Disability Categories\n 2007-08\nDid the school district have disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in specific \ndisability categories that was the result of inappropriate policies, practices and procedures?No\nState target for 2007-08No school districts will have disproportionality that is the result \nof inappropriate policies, practices and procedures.\nMeets State target? Yes\nDate the district reported correction of noncompliance for this indicator if it did not meet the State \ntargetNot Applicable\nIndicator 10B: Disproportionality in Special Education Placements\n 2007-08\nDid the school district have disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in \nparticular settings that was the result of inappropriate policies, practices and procedures?No\nState target for 2007-08No school districts will have disproportionality that is the result of \ninappropriate policies, practices and procedures.\nMeets State target? Yes\nDate the district reported correction of noncompliance for this indicator if it did not meet the State \ntargetNot Applicable\nIndicator 11: Timely Evaluations (Child Find)\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.vesid.nysed.gov/sedcar/sppschedule.html for the school year in which this school district will \nreport data for this indicator.\n 2007-08\nPreschool School-age\nNumber of students for whom parental consent to evaluate was received (July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008)\nNumber of students whose evaluations were completed within the State established timeline\nNumber of children whose evaluations were not completed within State established time lines, but for reasons that are \nconsidered to be in compliance with State requirements\nCompliance Rate [Line 2 divided by (Line 1 minus Line 3)*100]\nState target for 2007-08 100% 100%\nMeets State target? page 6 of 7 Sat Oct 03 09:12:26 EDT 2009 031502060000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nJohnson City Central School District\n Vocational and Educational Services for Individuals with Disabilities\nIndicator 12: Early Childhood Transition\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.vesid.nysed.gov/sedcar/sppschedule.html for the school year in which this school district will \nreport data for this indicator.\n 2007-08\nNumber of children who were served in Part C and referred to Part B for eligibility determination\nNumber of those referred determined to be NOT eligible and whose eligibilities were determined prior to their third \nbirthday\nNumber of those found eligible who had an IEP developed and implemented by their third birthday\nNumber of children for whom delays in determination of eligibility or delays in implementing the IEP were caused by \nreasons that are in \"in compliance\" with State requirements\nCompliance Rate [Line 3 divided by (Line 1 minus Line 2 minus Line 4) *100]\nState target for 2007-08 100%\nMeets State target?\nIndicator 13: Secondary Transition\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.vesid.nysed.gov/sedcar/sppschedule.html for the school year in which this school district will \nreport data for this indicator.\n 2007-08\nNumber of IEPs reviewed for students ages 15 and above\nPercent of IEPs of students ages 15 and above that include coordinated, measurable, annual IEP goals and transition services that \nwill reasonably enable the student to meet the post-secondary goals\nState target for 2007-08 100%\nMeets State target?\nDate the district reported correction of noncompliance for this indicator page 7 of 7 Sat Oct 03 09:12:26 EDT 2009 031502060000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nJohnson City Central School District\n Vocational and Educational Services for Individuals with Disabilities\nIndicator 14: Post-School Outcomes\nData for this indicator will be posted beginning June 2008, in accordance with the schedule posted at http://www.vesid.nysed.gov/sedcar/sppschedule.html .\n 2007-08\nNumber of students interviewed to assess post-school outcomes one year after leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and who have been enrolled in some type of post-secondary school \nAND have been competitively employed within one year of leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and who have been enrolled in some type of post-secondary school \nwithin one year of leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and have been competitively employed within one year of leaving \nhigh school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and who have been enrolled in some type of post-secondary \nschool, have been competitively employed, or both, within one year of leaving high school (sum of the three percentages above)\nState target for 2007-08 92%\nMeets State target?\nDisclaimers and Notices "
} |
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"pdf_file": "7ID44TA4ZPWEYUNNLNWPGUFJWDYENEDY.pdf",
"text": "ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 1 \nEMERGENCY FIREFIGHTER HIRING \n \nEmergency Firefighters (EFF) must be 18 years of age to be eligible for employment. \nIndividuals can receive crew tr aining at age 16 or older. \n \nThe Division of Forestry (DOF) employs thr ee categories of Emergency Firefighters (EFF) \nin its wildland fire program: \n• Type II EFF crews \n• Non-crew EFF \n \nType II EFF crews are hired, managed, and paid by the State of Alaska or BLM under the \nguidelines set forth in the Alaska Intera gency Emergency Firefighter Type II Crew \nManagement Guide. The list of Designated Cr ews is found on page 22 & 23 and the key to \nacronyms for this list are on page 24. \nAccess to Firearms \n \n• All non-crew EFF being considered for work need to submit an EFF Application \nannually so hiring personnel can tell if further action is warranted based on answers \nprovided. \n• All incumbents of positions in the warehouse or as drivers need to annually\n submit the \nQualification Inquiry – Firearm Possession form. See pages 28 & 29. \n \nNote: Firearms Inquiry Forms should be accompan ied by the definition of “misdemeanor crime of \ndomestic violence”, Select Portions of Ti tle 18 United States Code – page 30. \n \nHours of Work \n \nEFF are hired as temporary emergency workers in response to hazardous wildfire situations. \nThe State does not guarantee the length of empl oyment, working schedules, or number of \nhours per day. EFF crews will be paid for no le ss than eight hours of work per day except \nfor the first and last day of an assignment, mandator y day off, or when being terminated. \nNon-crew EFF have no similar guarantee. Timesheets and Pay - See Incident Payroll, Chapter 2. \n \nEFF Employment Information \n \nGeneral information about the EFF program, as well as an information packet and \napplication for non-crew positions, can be found at http://forestry.ala ska.gov/employ.htm\n. ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 2 Alaska Job Center \n \nDifferent Alaska Job Center O ffices throughout the state offer va rying levels of assistance. \nDOF is responsible for coordinating with local Job Center offices to develop procedures for \nreferring and recruiting applicants during fire season for their Area. \n \nNon-crew EFF hires must be made through Alaska Job Center whenever possible. Area or \nRegional offices can hire from applications previously collected by Job Center and \nforwarded to Forestry in lieu of contacting Job Center first each time. All DOF offices will \nuse a standardized employment application (BLM or DNR Emergency Firefighter or \nIncident Support Worker form, see page 8). Previously employed EFF recommended for rehi re with acceptable pe rformance ratings may \neither be name requested from Alaska Job Center or contact ed directly because of fire \noperational needs. Some Alaska Job Center offices only accep t applications for a specific \ntime period. Others do so constantly. Employment-related telephone inquiries from \nperspective non-crew EFF should be referred to the nearest Alaska Job Center Office \nprovided the Job Center is accepting applications. If not, an application can be filled out and kept on file in case hiring needs occur. \n If completed Job Center applications aren’t at hand, regular job orders can be placed by \nphone for EFF, but minimum job qualifications and titles must be given to Alaska Job \nCenter in order for them to provide qualified applicants. \n \nThe hiring supervisor will notify Alaska Job Center when a referral is hired from their list of \napplicants. \nAlternate Hiring Procedures \n \nApplications will be available at each DOF o ffice and Alaska Job Cent er. Nothing in this \nprocedure prohibits hiring of additional worker s when Alaska Job Center is unavailable such \nas weekends, holidays, or after hours. To support equitable hiring practices, documentation of all attempts, both successful and unsuccessful, to contact applicants by phone are recorded on their application or on a \ncontact log, noting date, time of call, and the name of the pers on making the call. Logs and \napplications will be kept on file for 2 years by the Area or Regional Admin. \n \nRequesting a Non-crew EFF \nAll EFF hires will be initiated and documented on a Resource Order. \n Requests for non-crew EFF will be made from the appropriate choice from the List of \nApproved EFF Classifications (p age 7) on a General Message Form to the State Logistics \nCenter or respective Area Di spatch Office for processing with the following information: \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 3 • Non-crew EFF position requested \n• Requirements for job (e.g., Driver must have a current driver’s license) \n• Name if a rehire \n• Expected start date and beginning time \n• Whether they need to be fully qualified or if a trainee is acceptable \n• Reporting location \n• Any other special instructions \n \nState Logistics or the Area Dispatch will gene rate a resource order and fill the request. \n \nFelony and Misdemeanor Convictions for Non-crew EFF \n \nWhen applications reveal a misdemeanor convic tion within the preceding five years, or a \nfelony conviction regardless of the date it o ccurred (2 AAC 07.091), a hiring supervisor or \nmanager may not make a job offer withou t DOA Human Resources’ review of the \nconviction information and duties of the position. A hiring supervisor or manager who has knowledge of a conviction will re port the information to Human Resources at the time of \nEFF hiring need. \nClassification of EFF \n \nAnyone not fully qualified is considered a trai nee, and will be paid one level lower than a \nfully ICS-qualified individual. \n \nApplicants will be hired and paid at the a ppropriate EFF classification according to \nthe current EFF List of Approve d Classifications (page 7). Hiring offices will work with \ntheir Regional Admin Officers to determine a ppropriate pay rate of EFF positions not shown \non the List of Approved EFF Cla ssifications. If the work assignment changes, the worker’s \nclassification and pay will be appropriately changed to reflect the new duties. Any incidental changes in assignment that cause a rate change must be documented on the crew time report. Permanent or long term changes require a new resource order. \n \nAt no time will an EFF, regardless of length of service or qualifications, be paid at a \nhigher rate than the assigned work requires . \n \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 4 EFF Hiring Paperwork \n \nFORM FREQUENCY \nConditions of Hire for Emergenc y Firefighters Once per season (maintain at hiring office) \nBlood-borne Pathogens Once per season (hand out) \nPersonnel Action – Emergency Firefighter Once per season \nI-9 (Employment Eligibility Verification) Once, with re-certification annually \nDesignation of Beneficiary* Once per season unless changes occur \nW-4 Once a year Nepotism Waiver Only if non-crew EFF is related to a \nregular DNR employee \nOF-288 (Emergency Firefighter Time Report) This is kept current for entire time the \n individual is under hire SSN Verification Form** Only fill this form out if SSN card is \nmissing \n * If primary and contingent beneficiary are listed, each must total 100%. \n** Only needed if no copy of SS card is provided. \nONLY USE LEGAL NAMES, NOT NICKNAMES, ON FORMS.\n \n \nNepotism \n \nIf a non-crew EFF is related to a DNR employ ee, then the following procedure is required: \n \n1. BEFORE offering the position, get verbal approval from the Area Forester for \nArea employees, State Support Foreste r for warehouse/SLC position, and \nRegional Forester for Regional positions. \n2. Fill out Nepotism Waiver form (see example page 27). \n3. Area Forester or Unit Supervisor signs the form. \n4. They immediately forward the form to the Regional Administrative Officer. \n5. Regional Administrative Officer forwards form to Regional Forester or Management \nTeam Member in the supervisory chain fo r approval within three days of hire. \n6. If denied, the Regional Admini strative Officer or Regiona l Forester will notify the \nArea/Unit they must terminate the EFF immediately. \n Picture ID\n: Individuals must have a picture ID issu ed by a state or federal government entity \nin their possession at the time of hire and for the duration of the assignment. Red Card\n: Individuals must possess a current Interagency Red Card if one is required for the \nposition being hired. Check the Red Card for currency, an approved signature, and \nappropriate fitness and work qualifications. Inability to Perform Duties\n: If it appears that beca use of illness, injur y, or disorientation, an \nEFF’s ability to do their job may be compro mised, the hiring office dispatch coordinator \nshould be notified immediately. ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 5 Crew Hiring \n \nThe following items are needed in addition to those listed previously when hiring a \ncrew: \n \n• Passenger and Cargo Manifest (SOA form 10-3183, page 25) \n• Crew time report book given to Crew Boss or Crew Representative \n• OF-288’s with headers completed and time st arted are given to Crew Boss or Crew \nRepresentative \n \nAdditional Notes on Crew Hiring \n If there are less than 16 people in the crew, no tify dispatch and determine if the crew will \nstill be needed. Make sure each individual is wearing serviceable 8” leather lace-up boots. \n Begin the crew’s time from when they were or dered to standby at the airstrip or pickup \npoint regardless of when transportation actually a rrives to pick them up. The Crew Boss, or \noccasionally a Squad Boss, may have additiona l time on the Crew Time Report because of \nextra duties associated with crew management. Match up SSN’s on the EFF time report and all other hiring paperwork. The hiring official \nis responsible for the hiring forms reaching th e administrative unit in the hiring Area. The \nCrew Boss or Crew Representative is responsible for getting the time reports, CTR book, and Passenger and Cargo Manifest to the incident Finance Sec tion, or when applicable, to \nthe Area Office. \n \nDistribution of Hiring Paperwork\n \n Route the original hiring paperwork to the Regional office immediatel y after making a copy \nfor the Area Office. Do not wait until the end of a pay period. \n State Hiring Paperwork\n: Review and forward originals or scan to appropriate Region. \n Coastal Region Northern Region Division of Forestry Division of Forestry 101 Airport Road 3700 Airport Way Palmer, AK 99645 Fairbanks, AK 99709 Phone 907-761-6205 Phone 907-451-2665 Region offices will audit hiring packets before being forwarded on to Payroll. Termination of Assignment or Employment Due to Documentation Insufficiencies\n \n Termination of employment for non-crew EFF will occur for: \n• Failure to obtain approval of a nepotism waiver ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 6 • Failure to submit a nepotism waiver within 3 days of hire \n \nTermination of employment for any EFF will occur for: \n• Failure to submit ID/documents for I-9 verification within 3 days of hire \n• Just cause \n AFS Hiring Paperwork\n: \n \nAlaska Fire Service P.O. Box 35005 Fort Wainwright, Alaska 99703-0005 Attention: Financial Services \n Phone 907-356-5781 or 907-356-5780 ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 7 \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 8 \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 9 \n \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 10 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PERSONNEL ACTION-EMERGENCY FIREFIGHTER \n \n \n1. SSN: Make sure it matches on all paperwork. \n2. Always mark “New Hire” the first tim e the EFF Personnel Action (PA) is done \neach season. \n3. Are you a State Employee? If the answer is yes, immediately contact the Regional \nAdmin Assistant so they can determ ine if the hire will be approved. \n4. Name: Make sure you include Jr., Sr., or other designation. \n5. For non-crew EFF only: if answer to th is question is “yes”, a Nepotism Waiver \nmust be done. \n6. Date of Birth: Verify 18 or over to work for the State of Alaska as EFF. \n7. Home Phone: Village phone, cell p hone, or contact phone may be used. \n8. Marital status. \n9. Where the paycheck should be mailed. \n10. If not the same as paycheck, must provide address where W-2 should be sent. \n11. Race/Ethnic Origin/Sex Data (OPTIONAL) : Th is is used for statistical data only. \n12. Employee Signature: Employee signs here to acknowledge Conditions of Hire for \nEmergency Firefighters and the brochure “Protecting Employees From: Hepatitis \nA Virus, Hepatitis B Virus and Human Im munodeficiency Virus” have been read \nand understood. \n13. Date of employee signature. \n14. Witness or Hiring Person: Must be signed. \n15. Date of witness signature. \n16. Date of Hire. \n17. Job Title: Must be from the EFF Classifi cation List. Exceptions must be requested \nthough the Regional Admin and approved by the Regional FMO. \n18. Crew Code: Each hiring location is a ssigned a collocation code, see pages \n22 & 23. \n19. Crew Name: See the Designated Interage ncy EFF Crew list on pages 22 & 23 of \nthis chapter. Wr ite in ‘Single Resource’ if non-crew. \n20. 3 Letter Designator: Generally the 3 letter airport designator for the EFF’s point of \nhire. \n21. EFF Type: Check only one. \n22. Other: Check when hiring non-crew EFF. \n23. EFF Pay Rate: Must match EFF type and qualifications. \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 11 \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 12 \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 13 \n \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 14 \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 15 Only Fill Out \n If \n SSN Card is Missing \n \nCertification of Name and Social Security Number \n \nThe State of Alaska is required by the Social Security Administration to hire \nemployees using the SSN and name as it appears on the employee’s SSN card. \n(IRS Publication 15, Circular E, Empl oyer’s Tax Guide) \n \n \nIn the absence of my social security number card, I do hereby certify that my name and \nSSN appear on my SSN card as follows: \n \n \n \nSocial Security Number \n \n \nPrinted name as it appe ars of SSN card Date \n \n \nSignature Date \n \n \nDepartment Witness Date \n \n \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 16 \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 17 \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 18 \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 19 \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 20 \n \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 21 Instructions for Emergency Fire fighter Time Report (OF-288) \n \nBlock 1 : Identification Number: Enter the person’s Resource order number above \nBlock 1. (C-# for Crew Personnel, O-# for Overhead Personnel). Block 2\n: SSN: Make sure this number matc hes all other (hiring) paperwork. \n Block 3\n: Initial Employment: Mark “yes” if this is the first time they have worked for \nDOF this season. Block 4\n: Type of Employment: EFF are “Other ” employees. Write “State EFF.” \n Block 5\n: Transferred From: Leave blank. \n Block 6\n: Point of hire: Town/village where the individual was hired (3-letter \ndesignator, e.g. BIG, PAQ, MCG). (The Stat e of Alaska is responsible for returning \nthe employee to the point of hire.) Blocks 7-9\n: Not normally filled out at time of hire. \n Blocks 10-19\n: Self-explanatory. \n Block 20.1\n: Enter the State fire number. Do not include the collocation code. \n \nBlock 20.2 : Enter the fire name. On federa l fires enter Incident Order #. \n \nBlock 20.3 : Leave blank. \n \nBlock 20.4 and 20.5 : Enter the nearest town/village. \n \nBlock 20.6 and 20.7 : Enter the EFF classification and pay rate from list on page 6. \n Block 20.8a\n: Enter year. Two digits are sufficient. \n Block 20.8b-f\n: All EFF time reports are done in military time. \n \nSee Payroll Chapter 2 for recording time and closing out the OF-288. \n \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 22 LOCATIONDESIGNATED \nCREW3-LETTER \nCODEDOF \nCREW CCADMIN \nOFFICEAGENCY# OF \nCREWS\nAllakaket/Alatna Y 6A8 TAD AFS 2\nAmbler Y AFM GAD AFS 1Anchorage N ANC 10317030 MSS DOFAniak Y ANI 10317032 SWS DOF 1Arctic Village Y ARC UYD AFSBeaver/Stevens Y WBQ UYD AFS 1Buckland Y 7K5 GAD AFS 1Chevak Y VAK 10317034 SWS DOF 2\nCopper River Y Z93 10317037 CRS DOF 2\nDelta Y BIG 10317038 DAS DOF 2Dillingham N DLG 10317435 SWS DOFEagle Y EAA UYD AFS 2Fairbanks Y FAI 10317131 FAS DOF 4Ft. Yukon Y FYU UYD AFS 3Galena Y GAL GAD AFS 1Grayling Y KGX GAD AFS 1Haines/Juneau N JNU 10317134 DOF\nHoly Cross Y HCA GAD AFS 1\nHomer N HOM 10317135 KKS DOFHooper Bay Y HPB 10317136 SWS DOF 3Hughes Y HUS TAD AFS 1Huslia Y HLA GAD AFS 2Kalskag, Lower Y KLG 10317139 SWS DOF 1Kalskag, Upper Y KLG 10317337 SWS DOF 1Kaltag Y KAL GAD AFS 2Kenai N ENA 10317437 KKS DOF\nKiana Y IAN GAD AFS 2\nKoyuk Y KKA GAD AFS 1Koyukuk Y KYU GAD AFS 1Marshall Y MLL GAD AFS 1INTERAGENCY EFF CREW LIST\n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 23 LOCATIONDESIGNATED \nCREW3-LETTER \nCODEDOF \nCREW CCADMIN \nOFFICEAGENCY# OF \nCREWS\nMcGrath N MCG 10317230 SWS DOF\nMentasta Y MEN 10317231 TAS DOF 1\nMinto Y 51Z TAD AFS 1Mt. Village Y MOU GAD AFS 1Nenana Y ENN 10317232 FAS DOF 1New Stuyahok Y KNW 10317431 SWS DOF 1\nNikolai Y 5NI 10317233 SWS DOF 1\nNondalton Y 5NN 10317234 SWS DOF 1Noorvik Y ORV GAD AFS 2Northway Y ORT 10317236 TAS DOF 2Nulato Y NUL GAD AFS 2Palmer(Mat-Su) Y PAQ 10317237 MSS DOF 1Pilot Station Y PST GAD AFS 1Ruby Y RBY GAD AFS 1Scammon Bay Y SCM 10317430 SWS DOF 1Selawik Y WLK GAD AFS 2Shageluk Y SHX 10317239 SWS DOF 1Shungnak Y SHG GAD AFS 1Slana N GKN 10317235 TAS DOFSleetmute Y SLQ 10317330 SWS DOF 1Soldotna N ENA 10317437 KKS DOFSt. Marys Y KSM GAD AFS 1St. Michael Y 5S8 GAD AFS 1Stebbins Y WBB GAD AFS 2Tanacross Y TSG 10317332 TAS DOF 1Tanana Y TAL TAD AFS 1Tetlin Y 3T4 10317333 TAS DOF 1Tok Y 6K8 10317334 TAS DOF 1\nVenetie Y VEE UYD AFS 2INTERAGENCY EFF CREW LIST (CONTINUED)\n \n \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 24 \n AFS Areas:\n \n GAD - Galena Zone, Galena \n TAD - Tanana Zone, Tanana UYD - Upper Yukon Zone, Fairbanks \n \nDOF Areas:\n \n SWS - Southwest Area, McGrath \n MSS - Mat-Su Area, Palmer CRS - Valdez-Copper River Area, Glennallen TAS - Tok Area, Tok DAS - Delta Area, Delta FAS - Fairbanks Area, Fairbanks KKS - Kenai-Kodiak Area, Soldotna ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 25 \n \n \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 26 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PASSE NGER AND CARGO MANIFEST \n \n \nPrepare a Passenger and Cargo Manifest (SOA form 10-3183, page 25) if personnel are to be \ntransported away from the point of hire. Press firmly through all four layers. \n \nRegardless of the mode of transportation for th e crew, a manifest should be prepared. This \ndocument serves as an excellent tracking tool, a nd it provides for expedience in the event that \ntransportation plans change. \n \n1. Crew Name if applicable in the upper right hand corner. 2. Ordering unit or order number: Resource order number \n3. Incident Name: Name of incident. \n 4. Incident Number: 8-digit state fire number 5. Name of Carrier: Use air transportation carri ers name or ground transportation name (i.e.: \nLaidlaw, Evergreen). \n 6. Vehicle # and Type: Use tail number, license plate number, or equipment number. 7. Name of vehicle operator or aircraft pilot. \n8. Chief of Party: Crew Boss or Crew Representative’s name. \n 9. Report to: Leave blank. 10. If Delayed contact: Hiring dispatch office. \n \n11. Departure Place: Airport or town party is leaving (use 3 letter designator). 12. Intermediate Stops: Airc raft only, refueling stops. \n \n13. Destination Place: Final destination if possible. \n 14-20. Self-explanatory. 21. Signature of Authorized Representative: Must have a signature. \n22. Date: Date when manifest is prepared. \n 23. Distribution: 4 copies (1 with crew, 1 forwarded to SLC or Area office, 1 retained by hiring \nofficial, 1 with aircraft pilot or bus driver) ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 27 \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 28 \n \nSTATE OF ALASKA \n \nQUALIFICATION INQUIRY - FIREARM POSSESSION \n \n The position for which you are being cons idered for appointment, PCN 10 - _____, has \nbeen identified as one for which the State of Alaska, as the employer, requires or \npermits you to possess or use ammunition or a firearm in the course of your \nemployment. Therefore, you are required to complete this Qualification Inquiry - \nFirearm Possession form before a job offer can be made. In completing this form, you are advised of the following: \n a) The purpose is to obtain information th at will assist in the determination of \nwhether you are eligible for appointment to this specific position. \n \nb) You are directed to complete this form . You will be considered “not interested” \nin the position if you do not complete th e form. If you are appointed to the \nposition, disciplinary action, up to and in cluding dismissal, may be taken if you \nfail to reply fully and truthfully. \n \nc) Neither your answers nor any eviden ce gained by reason of your answers can \nbe used against you in any criminal prosecution for a violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 922(g)(9). However, the answers you furnish and \nany information or evidence resulting there for may be used against you in a prosecution for knowingly and willfu lly providing false statements or \ninformation, and in the course of disciplinary action. \n 1. Have you ever been convicted of a mi sdemeanor crime of domestic violence within \nthe meaning of 18 U.S.C., Sec. 921(a)(33)(A)? Yes_____ No_____ Today’s Date: ____________________________ If your answer to this question is “No” y ou do not need to provide the information in \nitem 2. You must, however, sign this form ce rtifying that it is true and complete and \nthat, if the position is offered and accepted, you will report any future conviction of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence within the meaning of 18 U.S.C., Sec. 921(a)(33)(A), and deliver it to the interviewer. \n \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 29 \n \n \nQUALIFICATION INQUIRY - FIREARM POSSESSION (CONTINUED) \n \n \n2. If your answer to question number 1 is “Yes”, provide the following information \nwith respect to the conviction(s): Court/Jurisdiction ___________________________________________ Docket/Case Number ___________________________________________ Statute ___________________________________________ Charge ___________________________________________ Date Sentenced ___________________________________________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I hereby certify that all the information prov ided by me is true, correct, complete, and \nmade in good faith. I understand that false, misleading, or incomplete information provided herein may be grounds for disciplinary action, up to and including dismissal, and is also punishable pursuant to federal law, including 18 U.S.C., Sec. 1001, and under Alaska State law as unsworn falsificat ion (AS 11.56.210). I agree that, if the \nposition is offered and accepted, I will immediately report any future conviction of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence within the meaning of 18 U.S.C., Sec. 921(a)(33)(A) to my supervisor. I understand that failure to provide such a report is grounds for disciplinary action, up to and including dismissal. ______________________________________ Name (Print or type) __________________________________ ______________________ S i g n a t u r e D a t e \n \n \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 30 \nSelect Portions of \nTitle 18 United States Code \n \n18 U.A.C., Sec. 921 (a) (33) (A)… the term “misdemeanor crime of domestic violence” means an \noffense that- \n (i) is a misdemeanor under the Federal or State law, and \n (ii) has, as an element, the use or attempted use of physical force, or the th reatened use of a deadly \nweapon, committed by a current or former spouse, parent, or guardian of the victim, by a person \nwith whom the victim shares a child in common, by a person who is cohabiting with or has \ncohabited with the victim as a spouse, parent, or guardian, or by a person similarly situated to a spouse, parent, or guardian of the victim. \n \n (B)(i)A person shall not be considered to have been convicted of such an offense for the purpose of this \nchapter, unless- \n (I) the person was represented by counse l in the case, or knowingly and intelligently \nwaived the right to counsel in the case; and \n (II) in the case of a prosecution for an offense described in this paragraph for which a person \nwas entitled to a jury trial in the jurisdiction in which the case was tried, either \n(aa) the case was tried by a jury, or \n(bb) the person knowingly and intelligently waived the right to have the \ncase tried by a jury, by guilty plea or otherwise. \n(i) A person shall not be considered to have been convicted of such an offense for the purpose \nof this chapter of the conviction was expunged or set aside, or is an offense for which the \nperson has been pardoned or has had civil rights restored (if the law of the applicable jurisdiction provides for the loss of civil rights under such an offense) unless the pardon, \nexpungement, or restoration of civil rights expressly provides that the person may not ship \ntransport, posses, or receive firearms. \n \n18 U.A.C., Sec. 922(d) It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or otherwise dispose of any \nfirearm or ammunition to any person knowing or having reasonable cause to believe that such person – \n…. \n(9) has been convicted in any court of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence. \n18 U.A.C., Sec. 922(g) It shall be unlawful for any person- \n…. \n(9) who has been convicted in any court of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence, to ship or transport in \ninterstate or foreign commerce, or possess in or affecting commerce, any fi rearm or ammunition; or \nto receive any firearm or ammunition which has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign \ncommerce. \n \n18 U.A.C., Sec. 925(a) (1) The provisions of this chapter, except for sections 922(d)(9) \nand 922(g)(9) and provisions relating to fi rearms subject to the prohibitions of \nsection 922(p), shall not apply with respect to the transportation, shipment, receipt, \npossession, or importation of any firearm or ammunition imported for, sold or \nshipped to, or issued for the use of, the Un ited States or any department or agency \nthereof or any State or any department, ag ency, or political subdivision thereof. \n \n ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES \nDIVISION OF FORESTRY \nALASKA INCIDENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK \n \n \n2009 Chapter 1 – Emergency Firefighter Hiring 31 "
} |
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"pdf_file": "ZZQLCOG5KWQV2VU4YXWFHHZJV6FDFGK5.pdf",
"text": "Congressman Olver Denounces \"Foolhardy\" Surface Transportation Proposal \nWashington, DC —Yesterday, Republicans on the House Transportation and Infrastructure\nCommittee unveiled the framework for a controversial multi-year surface transportation proposal\nto reauthorize the Nation’s highway, highway safety, transit, and rail programs. Breaking with\nCommittee precedent and tradition, the current proposal was drafted by the Republican Majority\nwith no consultation or input from the Democratic Minority.\n \n“Although many details of this proposal remain in the dark, based on the funding levels alone, it\nappears that this bill can best be called the ‘Republican Road to Ruin’ because it would\nundermine our nation’s fragile economic recovery,” said Congressman Olver. “The foolhardy\ncuts proposed to highway, highway safety and rail programs will destroy nearly 500,000\nAmerican jobs next year alone, as well as jeopardize the nation’s long-term economic\ncompetitiveness,” Olver added.\n \nThe proposed legislation would cut $109 billion in surface transportation investments.\n Construction unemployment in the United States continues to hover around 16%.\n \n \n \n###\n \n 1 / 1"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "QPGEM6DY42HDRLY6OQFDPEFDUSW43ITT.pdf",
"text": "04.19.07: Celebrating Earth Day\n \nLT. GOVERNOR JOHN GARAMENDI TO CELEBRATE EARTH DAY WITH\nFAMILY EFFORT TO CLEAN AND REPAIR THE "COAST TO CREST\nTRAIL" ALONG THE MOKELUMNE RIVER IN CALAVERAS COUNTY\nCALAVERAS COUNTY - Lieutenant Governor John Garamendi will celebrate Earth Day on\nSunday by leading his family in an effort to clean and restore part of the "Coast to\nCrest" Trail along the Mokelumne River between Valley Springs and Mokelumne.\nBeginning at a location 1-mile west of Middle Bar Road, the Lt. Governor, his wife, Patti, their\nchildren and grandchildren will work to clear an over-accumulation of recent growth and repair\nthe trail for hiking.\n \n"Throughout our lives Patti and I have appreciated and respected the beauty and fragility\nof California's wondrous environment," said the Lt. Governor. "We recognize the\nimportance of setting an example for our children and others who will follow, so Earth Day is a\nwonderful opportunity to do our part to protect and preserve this land, and to spread a message\nof caring and concern for our planet."\nWHO: Lieutenant Governor John Garamendi and his family\nWHEN: 10 a.m., Sunday, April 22, 2007\nWHERE: The Coast to Crest Trail, 1-mile west of Middle Bar Road between Valley Springs and\nMokelumne\n###\nFOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE\nApril 19, 2007\nContact: Norman D. Williams\n916-445-8994\n 1 / 1"
} |
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"pdf_file": "RRANJ75ZAZCFUGZ32P2DOPAJJRK7L3EG.pdf",
"text": " COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY \n TRANSPORTATION CABINET \n FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY 40622 \n \n NELSON COUNTY \n STATE PRIMARY ROAD SYSTEM \n This listing of the state maintained system by classification in Nelson County is current as of \nMarch 9 , 2010\n . Any listing of an ea rlier date should be discarded. Additional \nlistings can be obtained from the DIVISION OF PLANNING, ROADWAY SYSTEMS TEAM. \nThe routes as designated hereinafter were established by OFFICIAL ORDER # 85951 on April 21, 1981. Revisions to the original officia l order are given at the end of this route \nlisting. The revisions are in numerical order by route affected. \n \n STATE PRIMARY SYSTEM \n \nBG 9002 (Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway), from the Hardin County Line \nto the Washington County Line, a distance of 30.430 miles. (MP 8.837 to MP 39.267) \n \nUS 31E, from the Larue County Line via Main Street in New Haven, via \nCulvertown, via Cathedral Road, Stephen Foster Avenue, and Third Street (including \nCourthouse Square) in Bardstown, and via Cox's Creek and Highgr ove to the Spencer \nCounty Line, a distance of 27.310 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 27.310) \n \nUS 62, from the junction with Stephen Foster Avenue and US 31E on the east \nside of Courthouse Square in Bardstown, via Stephen Foster Avenue to the junction with \nUS 150 i n Bardstown, a distance of 0.359 mile. (MP 14.274 to MP 14.633) \n \nUS 150, from the junction with US 62 in Bardstown via Botland to the Washington \nCounty Line, a distance of 7.682 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 7.682) \n \nKY 245, from the junction with US 150 east of Bardstown to the Bullitt County \nLine, a distance of 12.261 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 12.261) \n \n STATE SECONDARY SYSTEM \n US 62, from the Hardin County Line via Boston, and via West Stephen Foster \nAvenue in Bardstown to the junction with US 31E (Cathedral Road) in Bardstown. Also, \nfrom the junction with US 150 in Bardstown, via Bloomfield Road in Bardstown, and \nSpringfield Road and Chaplin Road in Bloomfield, and via Chaplin to the Anderson County Line, a distance of 36.835 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 14.274)(MP 14. 633 to MP \n37.194) NELSON COUNTY \n \n \n MARCH 9, 2010 \n2 KY 48, from the junction with US 31E at Highgrove to the Spencer County Line. \nAlso, from another point on the Spencer County Line near Fairfield, via Main Street in \nFairfield, and Fairfield Road in Bloomfield to the junction with 62 (Spr ingfield Road) in \nBloomfield, a distance of 6.576 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 1.564)(MP 1.564 to MP 6.576) \n \nKY 49, from the Marion County Line via Greenbrier, and via Parkway Drive in \nBardstown to the junction with US 150 in Bardstown, a distance of 9.442 miles. (MP \n0.000 to MP 9.442) \n \nKY 52, from the junction with US 62 west of Boston ,via Nelsonville to the north \nlimits of the bridge over the Rolling Fork River at the Larue County Line. Also, from \nanother point on the Larue County Line near New Haven, via B owling Avenue in New \nHaven to the junction with US 31E in New Haven. Also, from another junction with US \n31E in New Haven, via Center Street in New Haven, and via Gethsemane to the Marion County Line, a distance of 16.236 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 7.825)(MP 7.825 to MP \n8.144)(MP 8.144 to MP 16.236) \n \nKY 55, from the Washington County Line to the junction with US 62, south of \nBloomfield. Also, from another junction with US 62 in Bloomfield via Taylorsville Road to \nthe Spencer County Line, a distance of 6.975 m iles. (MP 0.000 to MP 3.841)(MP 3.841 \nto MP 6.975) \n \nKY 61, from the junction with US 62 at Boston to the Bullitt County Line, a \ndistance of 2.218 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 2.218) \n \nKY 480, from the Bullitt County Line to the junction with US 31E near Highgro ve, \na distance of 1.754 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 1.754) \n KY 555, from the Nelson County Line extending north to the Anderson County \nLine, a distance of 1.243 mile s. (MP 0.000 to MP 1.243) \n \nKY 1430, from the junction with US 31E in Bardstown, via Beall Stree t, Fourth \nStreet, and Templin Avenue in Bardstown to the intersection with KY 245, a distance of 2.297 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 2.297) \n \n RURAL SECONDARY SYSTEM \n \nKY 46, from the junction with KY 52 at Nelsonville to the junction with US 31E, \nnorth of Culvert own. Also, from the junction with US 31E north of Balltown, via Balltown \nto the junction with KY 49, a distance of 11.243 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 6.951)(MP \n6.951 to MP 11.243) \n \nKY 84, from the Larue County Line near Howardstown to the Marion County Line, \na distance of 9.024 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 9.024) NELSON COUNTY \n \n \n MARCH 9, 2010 \n3 KY 162, from the junction with US 62 east of Bardstown to the junction with KY \n48 in Bloomfield, a distance of 8.157 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 8.157) \n \nKY 247, from the junction with KY 84 at Howardstown to the junction with KY 52 \nnear New Haven. Also, from the junction with KY 52 north of Gethsemane to the \njunction with US 31E at Culvertown, a distance of 12.001 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 7.640) \n(MP 7.640 to MP 12.001) \n \nKY 332, from the junction with KY 245 to the junction with US 31E north of \nBardstown , a distance of 3.115 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 3.115) \n \nKY 457, from the junction with KY 84 near the Marion County Line to the junction \nwith KY 52 near New Hope. Also, from another junction with KY 52 north of New Hope \nto the Marion County Line, a distance of 9.147 miles. (MP 0.000 to 5.208)(MP 5.208 to \nMP 9.147) \n \nKY 458, from the Washington County Line to the junction with US 62 in Chaplin. \nAlso, from another junction with US 62 west of Chaplin to the Spencer County Line, a \ndistance of 6.980 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 2.193)(MP 2.193 to MP 6.980) \n \nKY 462, fro m the Larue County Line to the junction with KY 84 near the Marion \nCounty Line, a distance of 0.197 mile. (MP 0.000 to MP 0.197) \n \nKY 509, from the junction with KY 245 via Samuels and Cox's Creek to the \nintersection with KY 48 near Fairfield, a distance of 9.782 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 9.782) \n \nKY 523, from the junction with KY 245 via Deatsville and Lenore to the junction \nwith US 31E, a distance of 7.844 miles. ( MP 0.000 to MP 7.844) \n \nKY 605, from the Washington County Line to the junction with US 150 at Botland. \nAlso, from another junction with US 150 northwest of Botland via Woodlawn to the \njunction with US 62, a distance of 10.575 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 3.608)(MP 3.608 to \nMP 10.575) \n \nKY 652, from the junction with KY 48 in Fairfield to the Spencer County Line, a \ndistance of 0.438 mile. (MP 0.000 to MP 0.438) \n KY 733, from the Bullitt County Line via Bellwood to the junction with US 62 at \nCravens, a distance o f 13.543 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 13.543) \n \nKY 1066, from the junction with US 62 near Bloomfield to the Spencer County \nLine, a distance of 6.001 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 6.001) \n NELSON COUNTY \n \n \n MARCH 9, 2010 \n4 KY 1754, from the Washington County Line to the junction with KY 458 in \nChaplin, a distance of 1.433 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 1.433) \n \nKY 1858, from the junction with US 62 northeast of Bardstown to the junction \nwith KY 55 north of the Washington County Line, a distance of 4.252 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 4.252) \n KY 1873, from the junction with US 62 near Chaplin to the junction with KY 1066, \na distance of 3.074 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 3.074) \n KY 2735, from the junction with KY 46 southeast of Balltown, via Burba Road and \n Roberts Road to the junction with KY 49 south of Greenbrier, a distance of 8.808 miles. \n (MP 0.000 to MP 8.808) \n \nKY 2737, from the ju nction with US 62 near Cravens to the junction with KY 1430 \nnorthwest of Bardstown, a distance of 3.870 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 3.870) \n \nKY 2738, from the junction with KY 55 south of Bloomfiel d to the junction with US \n62 west of Chaplin, a distance of 3.870 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 3.870) \n \nKY 2739, from the junction with KY 509 at Cox's Creek, via Lenore Road to the \njunction with KY 523 near Lenore, a distance of 5.376 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 5. 376) \n \nKY 3207, from the junction with KY 509 at Samuels, extending northwesterly to \nthe junction with KY 523 near Deatsville, a distance of 1.131 miles. (MP 0.000 to MP 1.131) \n \nKY 3358, from the Anderson County Line to another point on the Anderson \nCounty Line, a distance of 0.165 mile. (MP 0.000 to MP 0.165) \n \nSUPPLEMENTAL ROADS \n \nKY 2230, from the junction with Old Brown’s Lane south of the Martha Layne \nCollins Bluegrass Parkway to the junction with US 62 northeast of Bardstown , a distance \nof 0.436 mile. (MP 0.000 to MP 0.436) \n KY 2773, from a point southwest of the junction with KY 49 on the south side of \nthe Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway via Hutchins Lane to the junction with KY \n49, a distance of 0.106 mile. (MP 0.000 to MP 0.106) \n NELSON COUNTY \n \n \n MARCH 9, 2010 \n5 KY 2775, from a point 700 feet southeast of the centerline of the Martha Layne \nCollins Bluegrass Parkway via Murphy Lane to a point 725 feet northwest of the \ncenterline of the Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway, a distance of 0.269 mile. (MP 0.000 to MP 0.269) \n \n \nSTATE PRIMARY SYSTEM \n78.042 \n \nSTATE SECONDARY SYSTEM \n83.576 \n \nRURAL SECONDARY SYSTEM \n140.026 \n \nSUPPLEMENTAL ROADS \n0.811 \n \nTOTAL MILEAGE \n302.455 \n NELSON COUNTY \n \n \n MARCH 9, 2010 \n6 REVISIONS TO \n OFFICIAL ORDER # 85951 \n \n \nROUTE OFFICIAL DATE \nCHANGED ORDER NO SIGNED DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE \n \n \nBG 9002 101920 9/16/03 Rename BG 9002 as Martha Layne \nCollins Bluegrass Parkway \n \nUS 31E 105079 12/9/08 Accept reconstructed section, no mileage change \n US 31E None 12/11/01 Revise mileage due to GPS project review \n \nUS 62 104119 4/9/07 Accept newly aligned US 62 into the \nSPRS \n US 62 104119 4/9/01 Accept newly aligned section of US 62 into the SPRS as part of SS US 62. Also, redefine SS and SP US 62 \n US 62 None 5/14/03 Redefine per GPS review \n KY 48 None 5/14/03 Redefine per GPS review \n \nKY 49 95177 10/4/93 Reclassify 9.422 miles from Rural \nSecondary to State Secondary System \n KY 52 None 4/12/00 Revise milea ge for SS KY 52 as a result \nof a review by District personnel – A \n0.105 mile section previously described in Marion County will be describe d in \nNelson County \n KY 52 86534 2/5/82 Add new alignment \n Old KY 52 102799 2/22/05 Transfer 2 sections of Old KY 52 to adjacent property owners – No mileage \nchange \n KY 84 102674 11/18/04 Reclassify SS KY 84 as RS \n NELSON COUNTY \n \n \n MARCH 9, 2010 \n7 KY 245 103303 11/9/05 Accept reconstructe d section of State \nPrimary KY 245 in to the SPRS. Mileage \nand description remain unchanged \n \n KY 245 102674 11/18/04 Reclassify SS KY 245 as SP \n KY 245 None 5/14/03 Redefine per GPS review \n \nKY 245 93955 1/7/92 Add 2.327 miles of new roadbed to State \nSecon dary KY 245 \n KY 458 95177 10/4/93 Reclassify 0.285 mile from State Secondary to Rural Secondary System \n \n KY 462 None 5/14/03 Redefine per GPS review \n \nKY 555 104987 10/10/08 Accept newly aligned section as State Secondary \n KY 1430 95177 10/4/93 Reclassify 2 .297 miles from Rural \nSecondary to State Secondary System \n \nKY 1754 95177 10/4/93 Reclassify 1.433 miles from State Secondary to Rural Secondary System \n \nKY 1873 95177 10/4/93 Reclassify 3.074 miles from Supplemental \n Road to Rural Secondary System \n \nKY 2227 101030 5/16/02 Eliminate Supplemental Road KY 2227 and transfer to the Nelson County Fiscal Court \n KY 2229 99137 5/10/99 Eliminate Supplemental Road KY 2229 and transfer to the Nelson County Fiscal Court \n \nKY 2735 90319 3/11/87 Add to Rural Secondary Sy stem \n \nKY 2736 100734 11/26/01 Eliminate Rural Secondary KY 2736 and \n transfer to the City of Bardstown \n KY 2736 90319 3/11/87 Add to Rural Secondary System \n \nKY 2737 90319 3/11/87 Add to Rural Secondary System NELSON COUNTY \n \n \n MARCH 9, 2010 \n8 \nKY 2738 90319 3/11/87 Add to Rural Secondar y System \n \nKY 2739 90319 3/11/87 Add to Rural Secondary System \n \nKY 2774 87577 5/6/83 Delete and transfer to Nelson County \n \nKY 2776 95269 12/17/93 Eliminate Supplemental Road and transfer \n to Nelson County \n \nKY 2777 87577 5/6/83 Delete and transfer to Nels on County \n \nKY 2778 87577 5/6/83 Delete and transfer to Nelson County \n \nKY 2779 87577 5/6/83 Delete and transfer to Nelson County \n \nKY 2780 87577 5/6/83 Delete and transfer to Nelson County \n \nKY 2782 87577 5/6/83 Delete and transfer to Nelson County \n KY 2783 99958 9/5/00 Eliminate Supplemental Road and transfer \n to the Nelson County Fiscal Court \n KY 3207 96894 3/19/96 Recla ssify Supplemental Road KY 3207 \nas a Rural Secondary Road facility \n \nKY 3207 87577 5/6/83 Add to Unclassified System \n \nKY 3208 103303 11/9/05 Eliminate Supplemental KY 3208 from the SPRS and transfer to the Nelson County Fiscal Court \n KY 3208 87577 5/6/83 Add to Unclassified System \n \nKY 3358 None 2/21/97 Add 0.165 mile as Rural Secondary KY \n3358 \n Mileage None 1/22/92 Correct total maintained mileage \n \n Mileage None 3/15/83 Recalculate and amend State Secondary \nand Total Mileage \n NELSON COUNTY \n \n \n MARCH 9, 2010 \n9 OTHER OFFICIAL ORDER REVISIONS \n \n \n \nROUTE OFFICIAL DATE \nCHANGED ORDER NO SIGNED DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE \n \n \nVarious County 105885 2/17/10 Transfer rec onstructed Love Ridge Road \nRoad Approaches and Terrell Lane approaches to the \nNelson County Fiscal Court "
} |
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"pdf_file": "JI5Z62HRPJND3ZBBOJN55D4V7NZNHOA6.pdf",
"text": "Lowering Health Care Cost Growth to Get More Value for Consumers | The White House\nhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/01/09/lowering-health-care-cost-growth-get-more-value-consumers[2/28/2012 6:20:50 PM]\nHome • The White House Blog\nGet Email Updates \n Contact Us\nNancy-Ann DeParle\nJanuary 09, 2012 \n04:00 PM EST\nShare This Post\nToday, we got some good news when the official statistics for health care spending were\nreleased. The new statistics from the Office of the Actuary at the Centers for Medicare &Medicaid Services show that health care spending growth in 2009 and 2010 decreased to recordlows.Lowering Health Care Cost Growth to Get More Value for\nConsumers\nHealth Care\n \nWHITEHOUSE.GOV IN YOUR INBOX\nSign up for health care updates\nPHOTOS OF THE DAY\n \n \nVIEW PHOTO GALLERIES\nJUMP TO:\nA Specific Month\nInfographic: Exporting the\nBoeing Dreamliner\nPresident Obama DiscussesInsourcing at Master Lock\n President Obama's 2013 Budgetis a Blueprint for an America\nBuilt to Last\nHelping Americans with Pre-\nExisting Conditions Get Needed\nCare \nThe White House Blog\nSubscribe\nOur Top\nStories Lowering Health Care Cost Growth to Get More Value for Consumers | The White House\nhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/01/09/lowering-health-care-cost-growth-get-more-value-consumers[2/28/2012 6:20:50 PM]\nThe Affordable Care Act was signed into law by President Obama on March 23, 2010. These\nnumbers do not take into account all of the cost saving provisions in the Affordable Care Act that\nare still being implemented. But they do show why the Affordable Care Act is so important. Andwe’re confident the law will continue to help hold down cost growth in the years ahead. Here aresome important facts to remember if you’re looking at the new stats:\nThe analysis shows that we need the kind of policies included in the Affordable\nCare Act to keep insurance companies in check. In 2010, the net cost of\nhealth insurance – which includes the overhead and insurance companyprofits – increased by 8.4 percent. That’s more than twice the increase in thecost of health care and represents $11.3 billion more than was spent on\ninsurance overhead in 2009. But starting in 2011, insurance companies are\nrequired to publicly disclose and justify any premium increases larger than 10percent. Many states have the authority to reject unreasonable premiumincreases and the Affordable Care Act gives states $250 million to strengthentheir rate review programs. Additionally, insurers are required to spend at least80 percent of your premium dollars on health care expenses instead of\noverhead and profits. Insurers that do not meet that standard must pay rebatesto their customers. \nThe report released today found no spike in health care costs due to healthreform. Of a total increase of 3.9% in national health spending, less than 0.1%was related to the law’s first-year provisions, such as the $250 in assistance tonearly 4 million Medicare beneficiaries who hit the Medicare prescription drug\n“donut hole.” And this modest increase will be offset over time. The MedicareTrustees project that the Affordable Care Act savings to Medicare will morethan cover these initial costs while extending the life of the Medicare TrustFund. Moreover, the important Patient’s Bill of Rights protections – such as\npolicies that ensure preventive service coverage and certain choice of doctors\nand end lifetime dollar limits on coverage and pre-existing condition exclusionsfor children – did not have a measurable effect on health spending. \nThe analysis also suggests that health care cost growth can be kept down.The report noted: “U.S. health spending grew more slowly in 2009 and 2010 –at rates of 3.8 percent and 3.9 percent, respectively – than in any other yearsduring the fifty-one year history of the National Health Expenditures Accounts.”The Affordable Care Act includes numerous policies to continue this slow\ngrowth. By fighting fraud, better coordinating care, preventing disease and\nillness before they happen and creating a new state-based insurancemarketplace, we are helping to keep health care cost growth low. And expertsagree these policies will work. Dr. Mark McClellan, President Bush’s pick torun Medicare recently said, “These reforms really have the potential for aOther White House Blogs Lowering Health Care Cost Growth to Get More Value for Consumers | The White House\nhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/01/09/lowering-health-care-cost-growth-get-more-value-consumers[2/28/2012 6:20:50 PM]longer term impact on healthcare costs.”\n Early evidence from 2011 and 2012 suggest that these policies are beginning\nto take hold. Medicare spending growth in 2011 was even slower than in\n2010. On September 20th, 2011, Mercer, a well-known independent benefits\nconsulting firm released a survey of employers showing that their health\ninsurance cost increases will average 5.4 percent for 2012, the smallestincrease it has measured since 1997. States are reporting that very few\ninsurers are proposing double-digit rate increases for 2012. In fact, some are\nproviding rebates and premiums lower in 2012 than they were in 2011.\nKeeping health care costs down will take work. We will continue to test and adopt best practices\nthat lower costs and improve quality through the Affordable Care Act’s Innovation Center . We will\nincrease transparency and accountability in the insurance industry this year through theimplementation of simple summaries of coverage and benefits by insurers, improved notices onthe 80 / 20 medical loss ratio, and State-specific thresholds for rate review. And we will step upour work with States to create Affordable Insurance Exchanges, competitive private insurance\nmarketplaces. But thanks to the Affordable Care Act , we’re keeping costs down and making\nhealth care more affordable.\nNancy-Ann DeParle is the Assistant to the President and Deputy Chief of Staff \nRelated Topics: Economy , Health Care\nPREVIOUS POST\nThe Dallas Mavericks at the White\nHouse\nNEXT POST\nA Resurgent America on Display at the\n2012 Detroit Auto Show\nWe Can't Wait\n Job Resources for Returning Heroes\n End of the Iraq WarFeatured Content\nHome\nThe White House Blog\nPhotos & Videos\nPhoto Galleries\nVideo\nLive Streams\nPodcastsBriefing Room\nYour Weekly AddressSpeeches & Remarks\nPress Briefings\nStatements & ReleasesWhite House Schedule\nPresidential Actions\nLegislationNominations &\nAppointments\nDisclosuresIssues\nCivil RightsDefense\nDisabilities\nEconomyEducation\nEnergy & Environment\nEthicsFamily\nFiscal Responsibility\nForeign PolicyHealth Care\nHomeland Security\nImmigrationPoverty\nRuralThe Administration\nPresident Barack Obama\nVice President Joe Biden\nFirst Lady Michelle Obama\nDr. Jill BidenThe Cabinet\nWhite House Staff\nExecutive Office of the\nPresident\nOther Advisory BoardsAbout the White House\nInteractive TourHistory\nPresidents\nFirst LadiesThe Oval Office\nThe Vice President's\nResidence & Office\nEisenhower Executive\nOffice Building\nCamp DavidAir Force One\nWhite House Fellows\nWhite House InternshipsTours & EventsInside the White HouseOur Government\nThe Executive BranchThe Legislative Branch\nThe Judicial Branch\nThe ConstitutionFederal Agencies &\nCommissions\nElections & Voting\nState & Local Government\nResources Lowering Health Care Cost Growth to Get More Value for Consumers | The White House\nhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/01/09/lowering-health-care-cost-growth-get-more-value-consumers[2/28/2012 6:20:50 PM]Seniors & Social Security\nServiceTaxes\nTechnology\nUrban Policy\nVeterans\nWomenAdditional Issues\n \nEn español Accessibility Copyright Information Privacy Policy Contact\nUSA.gov Subscribe to RSS Feeds Apply for a Job"
} |
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"pdf_file": "QNKRV7UHP5TEQSOYA73EJYJ7MSG66S3D.pdf",
"text": "182 7 CFR Ch. I (1–1–05 Edition) Pt. 61 \n5. 6 deg. 31 ′37″ N., 160 deg. 21 ′18″ W. \n6. 6 deg. 25 ′31″ N., 160 deg. 25 ′40″ W. \n7. 6 deg. 03 ′05″ N., 160 deg. 41 ′42″ W. \n8. 5 deg. 44 ′12″ N., 160 deg. 55 ′13″ W. \n9. 4 deg. 57 ′25″ N., 161 deg. 28 ′19″ W. \n10. 4 deg. 44 ′38″ N., 161 deg. 37 ′18″ W. \n11. 3 deg. 54 ′25″ N., 162 deg. 12 ′56″ W. \n12. 2 deg. 39 ′50″ N., 163 deg. 05 ′14″ W. \nWake Island. The seaward limit of the ex-\nclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured, except that to the south of Wake Island the limit of the exclusive eco-nomic zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting the following points: \n1. 17 deg. 56 ′15″ N., 169 deg. 54 ′00″ E. \n2. 17 deg. 46 ′02″ N., 169 deg. 31 ′18″ E. \n3. 17 deg. 37 ′47″ N., 169 deg. 12 ′53″ E. \n4. 17 deg. 11 ′18″ N., 168 deg. 13 ′30″ E. \n5. 16 deg. 41 ′31″ N., 167 deg. 07 ′39″ E. \n6. 16 deg. 02 ′45″ N., 165 deg. 43 ′30″ E. \nJarvis Island. The seaward limit of the ex-\nclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured, except that to the north and east of Jarvis Island, the limit of the exclu-sive economic zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting the following points: \n1. 2 deg. 01 ′00″ N., 162 deg. 22 ′00″ W. \n2. 2 deg. 01 ′42″ N., 162 deg. 01 ′35″ W. \n3. 2 deg. 03 ′20″ N., 161 deg. 41 ′33″ W. \n4. 2 deg. 02 ′30″ N., 161 deg. 36 ′20″ W. \n5. 2 deg. 00 ′13″ N., 161 deg. 22 ′24″ W. \n6. 1 deg. 50 ′18″ N., 160 deg. 20 ′42″ W. \n7. 1 deg. 45 ′46″ N., 159 deg. 52 ′59″ W. \n8. 1 deg. 43 ′31″ N., 159 deg. 39 ′27″ W. \n9. 0 deg. 58 ′53″ N., 158 deg. 59 ′04″ W. \n10. 0 deg. 46 ′58″ N., 158 deg. 48 ′24″ W. \n11. 0 deg. 12 ′36″ N., 158 deg. 18 ′06″ W. \n12. 0 deg. 00 ′17″ S., 158 deg. 07 ′27″ W. \n13. 0 deg. 24 ′23″ S., 157 deg. 49 ′44″ W. \n14. 0 deg. 25 ′44″ S., 157 deg. 48 ′43″ W. \n15. 0 deg. 58 ′15″ S., 157 deg. 24 ′52″ W. \n16. 2 deg. 13 ′26″ S., 157 deg. 49 ′01″ W. \n17. 3 deg. 10 ′40″ S., 158 deg. 10 ′30″ W. \nHowland and Baker IslandS., The seaward \nlimit of the exclusive economic zone is a line 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured, except to the southeast and south of Howland and Baker Islands the limit of the exclusive eco-nomic zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting the following points: \n1. 0 deg. 14 ′30″ N., 173 deg. 08 ′00″ W. \n2. 0 deg. 14 ′32″ S., 173 deg. 27 ′28″ W. \n3. 0 deg. 43 ′52″ S., 173 deg. 45 ′30″ W. \n4. 1 deg. 04 ′06″ S., 174 deg. 17 ′41″ W. \n5. 1 deg. 12 ′39″ S., 174 deg. 31 ′02″ W. \n6. 1 deg. 14 ′52″ S., 174 deg. 34 ′48″ W. \n7. 1 deg. 52 ′36″ S., 175 deg. 34 ′51″ W. \n8. 1 deg. 59 ′17″ S., 175 deg. 45 ′29″ W. \n9. 2 deg. 17 ′09″ S., 176 deg. 13 ′58″ W. \n10. 2 deg. 32 ′51″ S., 176 deg. 38 ′59″ W. \n11. 2 deg. 40 ′26″ S., 176 deg. 51 ′03″ W. \n12. 2 deg. 44 ′49″ S., 176 deg. 58 ′01″ W. 13. 2 deg. 44 ′53″ S., 176 deg. 58 ′08″ W. \n14. 2 deg. 56 ′33″ S., 177 deg. 16 ′43″ W. \n15. 2 deg. 58 ′45″ S., 177 deg. 26 ′00″ W. \nSubpart B [Reserved ] \nPART 61—COTTONSEED SOLD OR \nOFFERED FOR SALE FOR CRUSH-ING PURPOSES (INSPECTION, \nSAMPLING AND CERTIFICATION) \nSubpart A—Regulations \nDEFINITIONS \nSec. \n61.1 Words in singular form. 61.2 Terms defined. 61.2a Designation of official certificates, \nmemoranda, marks, other identifica-tions, and devices for purpose of the Ag-ricultural Marketing Act. \nA\nDMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL \n61.3 Director. \n61.4 Supervisor of cottonseed inspection. 61.5 Regulations to govern. 61.6 Denial of further services. 61.7 Misrepresentation. 61.8 Application for review. 61.9 Cost of review. \nL\nICENSED COTTONSEED SAMPLERS \n61.25 Application for license as sampler; \nform. \n61.27 Period of license; renewals. 61.30 Examination of sampler. 61.31 License must be posted. 61.32 No discrimination in sampling. 61.33 Equipment of sampler; contents of cer-\ntificate. \n61.34 Drawing and preparation of sample. 61.36 Cause for suspension or revocation. 61.37 License may be suspended. 61.38 Suspended license to be returned to \nDivision. \n61.39 Duplicate license. 61.40 Reports of licensed samplers. 61.41 Unlicensed persons must not represent \nthemselves as licensed samplers. \n61.42 Information on sampling to be kept \nconfidential. \nSubpart B—Standards for Grades of Cot-\ntonseed Sold or Offered for Sale for Crushing Purposes Within the United States \n61.101 Determination of grade. \n61.102 Determination of quantity index. 61.103 Determination of quality index. 61.104 Sampling and certification of samples \nand grades. \nS\nOURCE : 22 FR 10948, Dec. 28, 1957, unless \notherwise noted. \nVerDate Aug<04>2004 00:50 Jan 28, 2005 Jkt 205014 PO 00000 Frm 00182 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\205014T.XXX 205014T 183 Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA § 61.2 \nSubpart A—Regulations \nAUTHORITY : Sec. 205, 60 Stat. 1090, as \namended, (7 U.S.C. 1624). \nDEFINITIONS \n§ 61.1 Words in singular form. \nWords used in the regulations in this \nsubpart in the singular form shall be deemed to import the plural, and vice- versa, as the case may demand. \n§ 61.2 Terms defined. \nAs used throughout the regulations \nin this part, unless the context other-wise requires, the following terms shall be construed, respectively to mean: \n(a) The act. The applicable provisions \nof the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 1087; 7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq .) \nor any other act of Congress conferring like authority. \n(b) Regulations. Regulations mean the \nprovisions in this subpart. \n(c) Department. The United States De-\npartment of Agriculture. \n(d) Secretary. The Secretary of Agri-\nculture of the United States, or any of-ficer or employee of the Department to whom authority has heretofore been delegated, or to whom authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead. \n(e) Service. The Agricultural Mar-\nketing Service of the United States De-partment of Agriculture. \n(f) Administrator. The Administrator \nof the Agricultural Marketing Service, or any officer or employee of the Serv-ice, to whom authority has heretofore been delegated, or to whom authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead. \n(g) Division. The Cotton Division of \nthe Agricultural Marketing Service. \n(h) Director. The Director of the Cot-\nton Division, or any officer or em-ployee of the Division to whom author-ity has heretofore been delegated, or to whom authority may hereafter be dele-gated, to act in his stead. \n(i) Custodian. Person who has posses-\nsion or control of cottonseed or of sam-ples of cottonseed as agent, controller, broker, or factor, as the case may be. \n(j) Owner. Person who through finan-\ncial interest owns or controls, or has the disposition of either cottonseed or \nof samples of cottonseed. \n(k) Official cottonseed standards. The \nofficial standards of the United States for the grading, sampling, and ana-lyzing of cottonseed sold or offered for sale for crushing purposes. \n(l) Supervisor of cottonseed inspection. \nAn officer of the Division designated as such by the Director. \n(m) License. A license issued under \nthe act by the Secretary. \n(n) Licensed cottonseed chemist. A per-\nson licensed under the act by the Sec-retary to make quantitative and quali-tative chemical analyses of samples of cottonseed according to the methods prescribed by the Science Division Di-rector of the Agricultural Marketing Service and to certificate the grade ac-cording to the official cottonseed standards of the United States. \n(o) Licensed cottonseed sampler. A per-\nson licensed by the Secretary to draw and to certificate the authenticity of samples of cottonseed in accordance with the regulations in this subpart. \n(p) Dispute. A disagreement as to the \ntrue grade of a sample of cottonseed analyzed and graded by a licensed chemist. \n(q) Party. A party to a dispute. \n(r) Commercial laboratory. A chemical \nlaboratory operated by an individual, firm, or corporation in which one or more persons are engaged in the chem-ical analysis of materials for the pub-lic. \n(s) Cottonseed. The word ‘‘cottonseed’’ \nas used in this part means the seed, after having been put through the usual and customary process known as cotton ginning, of any cotton produced within the continental United States. \n(t) Lot. That parcel or quantity of \ncottonseed offered for sale or tendered for delivery or delivered on a sale or contract of sale, in freight cars, trucks, wagons, or otherwise in the quantities and within the time limits prescribed from time to time by the Director for the drawing and preparation of official samples by licensed cottonseed sam-plers. \nVerDate Aug<04>2004 11:48 Jan 18, 2005 Jkt 205014 PO 00000 Frm 00183 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\205014T.XXX 205014T"
} |
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"text": " \nC-125-B/C-125-C: Revised Proposed Successor-in-Interest Order \n 1 \n 1\n23456789\n10111213141516171819202122232425262728UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT \nFOR THE DISTRICT OF NEVADA \n \n* * * \n UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, \n \nPlaintiff, \n \nWALKER RIVER PAIUTE TRIBE, \n \nPlaintiff-Intervenor, \nvs. \n WALKER RIVER IRRIGATION DISTRICT, a corporation, et al., \nDefendants. \n______________________________________ _\nMINERAL COUNTY, \nProposed-Plaintiff-Intervenor \nvs. \nWALKER RIVER IRRIGATION DISTRICT a corporation, et al. \n \nProposed Defendants. ) \n) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) \n) \n) \n \nIN EQUITY NO. C-125-ECR Subproceedings: C-125-B & C-125-C3:73-CV-00127-ECR-LRL & 3:73-CV-00128-ECR-LRL \nREVISED PROPOSED ORDER \nCONCERNING SERVICE ISSUES PERTAINING TO DEFENDANTS WHO HAVE BEEN SERVED \n \n \n \n \n \n In the C-125-B and C-125-C subproceedings, th e Court has required th e United States of \nAmerica (“United States”) and the Walker River Paiute Tribe (“Tribe”) (Plaintiff and Plaintiff-\nIntervenor in Subproceeding C- 125-B) and Mineral County (Propos ed Plaintiff-Intervenor in \nSubproceeding C-125-C) (collectively the “Plainti ff Parties”) to serve significant numbers of Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 2 Filed 02/23/11 Page 1 of 9 \nC-125-B/C-125-C: Revised Proposed Successor-in-Interest Order \n 2 \n 1\n23456789\n10111213141516171819202122232425262728water rights holders in the Walker River Basin.1 In their respective subproceedings, the Plaintiff \nParties have engaged in extensive service effort s on these water rights ho lders over a number of \nyears. This Order addresses several overlapping service issues that have emerged from these \nefforts and are common to both subproceedings. Having reviewed and considered the record concerning service in these subproceedings, \nand the related filings and arguments of counsel, the Court has concluded that, with regard to \ndefendants who have been served, service of the pleadings in these actions must have a defined \nend point and the Plaintiff Parties should be re lieved of the duty (1) to track such defendants \nperpetually, (2) to re-serve them if and when th ey acquire additional water rights in the same \nsubproceeding, or (3) to serve suc cessors-in-interest to water ri ghts if and when defendants who \nhave been served transfer any of these rights. In the interest of ensuring that service will have an \nend point, this Order addresses the treatment and finality of service with respect to defendants \nwho transfer their claims to water rights afte r having been served, defendants who have been \nserved and acquire additional claims to water ri ghts at issue in the same subproceeding, and the \nobligations of named defendants who transfer a claim to water right prior to service. This Order \nalso addresses the treatment of successors-in-interest to clai ms to water rights following the \ndeath of a defendant who has been served. NOW THEREFORE, the Court FINDS and ORDERS as follows: \n \n1 To date, for example, the United States reports that it has served over 3,800 persons and entities pursuant to this \nCourt’s Case Management Order, (C-125-B Doc. 108), and Mineral County reports that it has served over 1,000 \nWalker River Decree water rights holders, (C-125-C Doc. 496). Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 2 Filed 02/23/11 Page 2 of 9 \nC-125-B/C-125-C: Revised Proposed Successor-in-Interest Order \n 3 \n 1\n23456789\n10111213141516171819202122232425262728I. Treatment of Successors-in-Interest As a Result of an Inter Vivos2 Transfer: \n1. The Court finds that after litigation has been commenced, the substitution or joinder of a \nsuccessor-in-interest is governed by Federal Ru le of Civil Procedure 25 (“Fed. R. Civ. P. \n25”). Hilbrands v. Far East Trading Co. , 509 F.2d 1321, 1323 (9th Cir. 1975); Fischer \nBros. Aviation, Inc. v. NWA, Inc. , 117 F.R.D. 144, 146 (D. Minn. 1987) (citing \nFroning's, Inc. v. Johnston Feed Serv. , 568 F.2d 108, 110 (8th Cir. 1978)); P P Inc. v. \nMcGuire , 509 F. Supp. 1079, 1083 (D.C.N.J. 1981) (citing 7A Charles Alan Wright & \nArthur R. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1958 (1972)). Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(c) \ngoverns the substitution of successors-in- interest that are the result of an inter vivos \ntransfer and provides in relevant part that “[i]f an interest is transferred, the action may be \ncontinued by or against the original part y unless the court, on motion, orders the \ntransferee to be substituted in the action or joined with the original party.” Fed. R. Civ. \nP. 25(c). \n2. “The most significant feature of Rule 25(c) is that it does not require that anything be \ndone after an interest is tr ansferred. The action may be continued by or against the \noriginal party, and the judgment will be bindi ng on his successor-in-interest even though \nhe is not named.” In re Bernal , 207 F.3d 595, 598 (9th Cir. 2 000) (citing 7C Charles \nAlan Wright, Arthur R. Miller & Mary Kay Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1958 \n(2d Ed.1986)); see also Luxliner P.L. Export Co. v. RDI/Luxliner, Inc. , 13 F.3d 69, 71 \n(3d Cir.1993); P P Inc. v. McGuire , 509 F. Supp. at 1083 (citing Froning's, Inc. , 568 F.2d \n \n2 Inter vivos means among the living. Transfers that occur because a served defendant has died are addressed below \n Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 2 Filed 02/23/11 Page 3 of 9 \nC-125-B/C-125-C: Revised Proposed Successor-in-Interest Order \n 4 \n 1\n23456789\n10111213141516171819202122232425262728108). Thus, where a defendant has been served in a subproceeding and subsequently sells \nor otherwise conveys a wate r right or portion of a wate r right subject to that \nsubproceeding, a successor-in-interest need not be re-served, but will be bound by the results of this litigation. \n3. Once a defendant has been served in a s ubproceeding, the burden of keeping track of \ninter vivos transfers of the defendant’s water right s in that subproceeding and substituting \nthe defendant’s successors-in-interest properly is born by the defendant and its \nsuccessor(s)-in-interest. The action will contin ue in the name of the served defendant \nuntil such time as the served defendant and any successor(s)-in-interest file an agreement and motion seeking the substitution of th e successor(s)-in-interest for the served \ndefendant and the Court appr oves that substitution. \n4. If a defendant who has been served in a s ubproceeding subsequently sells or otherwise \nconveys a water right or a portion of a wate r right subject to that subproceeding, that \ndefendant and its successor(s)-in-interest may move for substitution pursuant to Fed. R. \nCiv. P. 25(c). \n5. If the Court approves the substitution of a su ccessor-in-interest for a served defendant in \na subproceeding, the action will continue agai nst the successor-in-in terest, who will be \ntreated as a served defendant for the pende ncy of the subproceeding and shall be bound \nby the requirements of this Order and a ll prior and subsequent Orders in that \nsubproceeding. \n \nin Section II. Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 2 Filed 02/23/11 Page 4 of 9 \nC-125-B/C-125-C: Revised Proposed Successor-in-Interest Order \n 5 \n 1\n23456789\n101112131415161718192021222324252627286. If a defendant who has been served in a s ubproceeding subsequently acquires additional \nwater rights that are subject to that subproceed ing, the prior service on the defendant shall \nbe effective as to all wate r rights held by that defenda nt, including any rights acquired \nsubsequent to service. \n7. The Court has approved the attached forms (Attachments A and B) for use by defendants \nand their successors-in-interest in subp roceedings C-125-B and C-125-C, respectively, \nunder the above circumstances. Attachments A and B set forth a joint motion by which \nboth the current defendant and its successor( s)-in-interest may identify the rights \ntransferred and indicate their agreement that the successor(s)-in-interest be substituted \ninto the applicable subproceeding for the water rights addressed. These forms are not the exclusive means by which successors-in-interest may be substituted into this action. \nII. Treatment of Successors-in-Intere st As a Result of a Death:\n \n8. The Court finds that Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a) gove rns substitution of successors-in-interest as \na result of a death and provides, in relevant part: “If a pa rty dies and the claim is not \nextinguished, the court may order substitution of the proper party. A motion for substitution may be made by any party or by th e decedent’s successor or representative. \nIf the motion is not made within 90 days afte r service of a statement noting the death, the \naction by or against the decedent must be dism issed.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(1). If no \nsuch notice or suggestion of death is made on the record, the case may proceed to \njudgment with the original named parties. 4 James Wm. Moore et al., Moore’s Federal \nPractice § 25.12[5], 25-20 (3d ed. 1997) (citing Ciccone v. Sec’y of Dep’t of Health and \nHuman Servs. , 861 F.2d 14, 15 n.1 (2d Cir. 1988)). \n9. “Service of a statement noting the death” mean s the filing on the record in the applicable \nsubproceeding(s) and service of a statement that identifies the successor(s) to the estate Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 2 Filed 02/23/11 Page 5 of 9 \nC-125-B/C-125-C: Revised Proposed Successor-in-Interest Order \n 6 \n 1\n23456789\n10111213141516171819202122232425262728who may be substituted for the decedent. McSurely v. McClellan , 753 F.2d 88, 98 (D.C. \nCir. 1985); Rende v. Kay , 415 F.2d 983, 985-86 (D.C. Cir. 1969); Kessler v. Southeast \nPermanente Med. Group of NC, P.A. , 165 F.R.D. 54, 56 (E.D.N.C. 1995) (citing 7C \nCharles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 1955 (1986 and Supp.1995)); \nsee also Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(3) (service require ments for a statement noting death). Any \nstatement noting the death of a defendant must be filed in all appli cable subproceeding(s). \nIn other words, if a decedent is only a defendant in subproceed ing C-125-B, the notice \nneed only be filed in that case. If, howeve r, the decedent is a defendant in C-125-B and \nC-125-C, the notice must be filed in bot h subproceedings. A notice filed in one \nsubproceeding shall not be construed as “servi ce of a statement noting the death” in the \nother subproceeding for purposes of complyi ng with this Order or FRCP 25(a). \n10. Should a death be formally noted on the record by service of a statement noting the death \nthat is filed in the appropriate subproceeding( s), the Tribe and United States, in the case \nof C-125-B defendants, or Mi neral County, in the case of C-125-C defendants, or any \nother party or the decedent’s representative a nd/or successor(s)-in-inte rest shall move for \nsubstitution of the proper succes sor-in-interest within 90 days of such notice pursuant to \nFed. R. Civ. P. 25(a). The 90-day period may be extended pursuant to Rule 6(b), which \nprovides the Court the discretion to enlarge this period. Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(b); see also \nFed. R. Civ. P. 6(b) 1963 amendment advisory committee’s note to 1963 amendment; Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(1)(1) advisory committee’s note to 1963 amendment. \n11. Absent service of a statement noting the de ath in a subproceeding, the case may proceed \nagainst the original named parties in that subproceeding and will bind any and all successors-in-interest. \n12. If a successor-in-interest is alr eady defendant in either subpro ceeding as a joint tenant or \npursuant to other joint ownership of the right(s) owned by the decedent, no action is \nrequired and the subproceeding will continue against the successor-in-interest. Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 2 Filed 02/23/11 Page 6 of 9 \nC-125-B/C-125-C: Revised Proposed Successor-in-Interest Order \n 7 \n 1\n23456789\n10111213141516171819202122232425262728III. Treatment of Defendants in Subproceed ing No. C-125-C Who Transferred Their \nInterest(s) Prior to Service: \n \n13. The provisions of this Section III pertain only to Subproceeding C-125-C. The approved \nService Package in Subproceeding C-125-B already includes an Order – Disclaimer of \nInterest and form entitled Disclaimer of Interest in Wa ter Rights and Notice of Related \nInformation and Documentation Supporting Disclaimer to address this issue. If any \nperson or entity receiving service by mail or pe rsonal service has no interest in any water \nright subject to subproceeding C-125-C, that person or entity sha ll notify the Court and \nMineral County in wr iting of that fact. \n14. If such a person or entity sold or otherwise conveyed ownership of all water rights \nsubject to Subproceeding C-125-C before being served or otherwise brought into Subproceeding C-125-C, in addition to disclaim ing any interest in C-125-C, that person \nor entity shall include a notice providing the same succe ssor-in-interest information \nrequired to be included in a motion for substitution. \n15. The form and substance of the disclaimer and notice for C-125-C shall substantially \nconform to the form attached to this Order as Exhibit C and shall be sent to the Court and \ncounsel for Mineral County. \n16. Any person or entity who files a Disclaimer of Interest using the attached form or \nprovides information for this purpose by othe r means is ultimately responsible for the \naccuracy of that filing. Consequently, any pe rson or entity who files a notice regarding \nwater rights subject to this li tigation, but retains such water rights, shall nevertheless be \nbound by the results of this litigation. Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 2 Filed 02/23/11 Page 7 of 9 \nC-125-B/C-125-C: Revised Proposed Successor-in-Interest Order \n 8 \n 1\n23456789\n1011121314151617181920212223242526272817. Following its receipt from any person or entity disclaiming any interest in any of the \nwater rights at issue in this case, Mineral County will review the materials received, and, \nif appropriate, request that the Court dismi ss that person or entity from subproceeding C-\n125-C. \n18. If Mineral County does not receive a Waiver of Service of Notice in Lieu of Summons \nand must personally serve a person or entity that subsequently files a Disclaimer of \nInterest pursuant to this Order, Mineral C ounty will review the mate rials received, and, if \nappropriate, request that the Court dismiss the person or entity from subproceeding C-\n125-C, but that person or entity may be subj ect to paying the costs related to formal \npersonal service on them. \nIV. Notice to Parties \n \n19. The Plaintiff Parties shall pr ovide periodic notice of devel opments in these proceedings \nto other parties in this proceedings by mail and by publication as directed by further order \nof this Court. \nV. Duty to Provide Updated Information \n \n20. The Walker River Irrigation Di strict, the Nevada State Engi neer and the California Water \nResources Control Board shall regularly provide updated water right ownership \ninformation to the Court and the Plaintiff Pa rties. This information may be used to \nprovide notice of the pending proceedi ngs to any new water rights owners. \nIT IS SO ORDERED. \nDated: ________________________ \n _____________________________ The Honorable Lawrence R. Leavitt United States Distri ct Court Magistrate Judge Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 2 Filed 02/23/11 Page 8 of 9 \n \n Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 2 Filed 02/23/11 Page 9 of 9"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "SPSFGPN6ASQKEKHHC33ELAD2CBFEPKXM.pdf",
"text": "Luján Highlights $426,000 in Federal Funding for Emergency Watershed Protection\nMonday, June 10, 2013\n \nWashington, D.C. – Congressman Ben Ray Luján of New Mexico’s Third District highlighted\nmore than $426,000 in federal funding from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) through\nthe Emergency Watershed Protection Program. These funds help disaster recovery efforts and\nare aimed at helping New Mexico in the wake of last year’s devastating fire season.\n \n“Water is a precious resource that is essential to our way of life in New Mexico. From safe and\nreliable drinking water to water for our crops and livestock – protecting, restoring and ensuring\nthe vitality of our watersheds is critical, especially during these extreme drought conditions,”\nCongressman Luján said. “The wildfires in New Mexico over the past few years have\nthreatened to damage our watersheds and impact the daily life of our communities. These\nfederal funds, which enhance our ability to protect and improve watersheds, are important to our\nstate and I will continue to support the Emergency Watershed Protection Program.”\n \nNew Mexico, one of 15 states allocated funding through the program, will receive $426,577 to\nhelp implement recovery projects. Examples of conditions qualifying for assistance include:\ndebris-clogged stream channels, undermined and unstable stream banks, jeopardized water\ncontrol structures and public infrastructures, and wind-borne debris removal.\n \n# # #\n \n 1 / 1"
} |
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"pdf_file": "4GJOQXDXU2XKJOU5NUAAVWW7LS4LSYA7.pdf",
"text": "March 27, 2008 - Murtha Addresses JARI Meeting\n\r\nDaily American\n\r\nhttp://www.dailyamerican.com/\n\r\n\r\nMurtha addresses JARI meeting \n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nBy SANDY WOJCIK\n\r\nMarch 27, 2008\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nRep. John P. Murtha, D-Johnstown, addressed business leaders, entrepreneurs, economic development officers and\nelected officials from across Cambria and Somerset counties Monday at the Johnstown Area Regional Industries (JARI)\nannual report meeting.\n\r\n\r\nThe meeting was held at the Holiday Inn in Johnstown and more than 110 attended. Murtha said in an interview, before\nserving as the keynote speaker, that he was excited about what was taking place in Cambria and Somerset counties. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n“Thirty years ago we saw all kinds of problems in employment — the steel mills which were such a bonus\nfor us, but on the other hand they were closing down and we knew we had to diversify to attract not only the older people\nbut the younger people,” he said.\r\n\r\n\r\nMurtha said he feels that through organizations such as JARI much has been accomplished, from improving the\ninfrastructure to cleaning up the streams.\n\r\n\r\n“I think that is what we have done. People forget as much as we liked the steel mills, they were shut down for\nmuch of the time with layoffs and strikes,” he said.\n\r\n\r\nHe said businesses like to come to this area because of the quality of life and work ethnic.\n\r\n\r\nRegional momentum was a central theme of Monday’s meeting, which also focused on JARI’s\ncommitment to the community and the results that come from its team approach to business development. To highlight\nthat fact, a fast-paced 60-second video was shown featuring images from several local companies.\n\r\n\r\n“You can see the momentum we built up here with the transportation and the showcases, which puts it all\ntogether,” said Murtha. “ We’re working on 219 south to see if we can get that going. This all ties\ntogether. Jari has done such a good job in tying it all together. There’s an energy, which I see, which transcends\nthe age. Everything builds on it. It’s a long process, and it takes a lot of coordination and JARI is a big part.”\n\r\nThe Online Office of Congressman John Murtha\nhttp://www.murtha.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 2 February, 2010, 17:11 \r\nLinda Thomson, the president of JARI, said there is a strong momentum going in this area. “Young people today\nhave a lot of options in the region. In Cambria and Somerset Counties both, there are a lot of opportunities in specific\nskills and disciplines. We encourage people to look at what the future holds for certain type of jobs in the region.”\n\r\n\r\nThomson said the area offers jobs in computers, health care, welding and machining.\n\r\n\r\n“There are loads of opportunities, you just have to look beneath the surface a bit,” she said. “These\nare very exciting times, the most excitement I have seen since I became involved in JARI eight years ago.”\n\r\n\r\nThomson said seeing the momentum in the region is important to young people. She explained that JARI has been\nworking to get a consortium into the schools to talk to the students about what job opportunities are out there.\n\r\n\r\nIn addition, Thomson said JARI efforts helped make the 2007 Showcase for Commerce the most well attended event of\nits 17-year history. More key decision-makers and procurement officers that are employed by prime contractors and the\nfederal government came than ever before.\n\r\n\r\n“We understand the regional economy is really key to the quality and vitality of life in both Somerset and Cambria\ncounties,” said Somerset County Commissioner Pamela Tokar Ickes. “We’re here today to get the\nstate of the economy message and be a part of the greater efforts in the two-county area. We have a very close working\nrelationship with JARI.”\r\n\r\nThe Online Office of Congressman John Murtha\nhttp://www.murtha.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 2 February, 2010, 17:11"
} |
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"pdf_file": "ZF3VSSCDPGCPC7BIYVD474NMD3TEZZW2.pdf",
"text": "OMB Control Number 1505-0222 \n \nNAME OF INSTITUTION \n(Include Holding Company Where Applicable) \n \nPerson to be contacted \nregarding this report:RSSD: \n(For Bank Holding Companies)\nUST Sequence Number: Holding Company Docket Number: \n(For Thrift Holding Companies)\nCPP/CDCI Funds \nReceived:FDIC Certificate Number: \n(For Depository Institutions)\nCPP/CDCI Funds Repaid to Date: Credit Union Charter Number: \n(For Credit Unions)\nDate Funded (first funding): City:\nDate Repaid1: State:\n1If repayment was incremental, please enter the most recent \nrepayment date. \n American taxpayers are quite interested in knowing how banks have used the money that Treasury has invested under the \nCapital Purchase Program (CPP) and Community Development Capital Initiative (CDCI). To answer that question, Treasury is seeking responses that describe generally how the CPP/CDCI investment has affected the operation of your business. We understand that once received, the cash associated with TARP funding is indistinguishable from other cash sources, unless the funds were segregated, and therefore it may not be feasible to identify precisely how the CPP/CDCI investment was deployed or how many CPP/CDCI dollars were allocated to each use. Nevertheless, we ask you to provide as much information as you can about how you have used the capital Treasury has provided, and how your uses of that capital have changed over time. Treasury will be pairing this survey with a summary of certain balance sheet and other financial data from your institution's regulatory filings, so to the extent you find it helpful to do so, please feel free to refer to your institution's quarterly ca ll reports to \nillustrate your answers. This is your opportunity to speak to the taxpayers in your own words, which will be posted on our website.\n \nWhat specific ways did your institution utilize CPP/CDCI capital? Check all that apply and elaborate as appropriate, especiall y if \nthe uses have shifted over time. Your responses should reflect actions taken over the past year (or for the portion of the yea r in \nwhich CPP/CDCI funds were outstanding).\nIncrease lending or reduce lending less than otherwise would have occurred.\nTo the extent the funds supported increased lending, please describe the major type of loans, if possible (residential mortgage loans, commercial mortgage loans, small business loans, etc.).\nIncrease securities purchased (ABS, MBS, etc.). ANNUAL USE OF CAPITAL SURVEY - 2015 \n \nDC Federal Credit Union\nThomas Culhane\n1430\n1,522,000\n0 16411\nSep 29, 2010 Washington\nN/A District of Columbia\nThe funds were intended to support an increase in mortgage lending. The \nmortgage loan portfolio increased 43% from prior year end.\nMortgage loan portfolio increased 43% - consumer loan portfolio increased \n4%.CDCI Make other investments\nIncrease reserves for non-performing assets\nReduce borrowings\nIncrease charge-offs\nPurchase another financial institution or purchase \nassets from another financial institution\nHeld as non-leveraged increase to total capital\nWhat actions were you able to avoid because of the capital infusion of CPP/CDCI funds?\nWithout the infusion of capital, we would have restricted deposit accumulation in order to maintain capital levels. This has \npermitted us to maintain staffing levels at the prior year's level. What actions were you able to take that you may not have taken without the capital infusion of CPP/CDCI funds?\nPlease describe any other actions that you were able to undertake with the capital infusion of CPP/CDCI funds.\nAccording to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless \nit displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is 1505-0222. The time required to complete this information collection is estimated to average 80 hours per response.We had earmarked these funds as a long term investment that would be used to support the growth of our mortgage loan portfolio. \nWe have observed mortgage loan growth of 43% over the past year and 77 % over the past two years. \nDC Federal Credit Union has been successful in enhancing its capital strength and serving our communities by making credit \navailable to 11,000. The productive use of CDCI funds is one of the tools that we have found helpful for our accomplishments o f \nthese objectives. "
} |
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"text": "Page 1 of 2 – Minutes – November 28, 2001\nCreated on 12/08/01 2:07 PMTRI-COUNTY PUBLIC OUTREACH COMMITTEE\nTri-County Service Center\n123 NE 3rd Avenue, Suite 440\nPortland, Oregon 97232-2901\nTelephone: (503) 872-6731\nMeeting Minutes\nNovember 28, 2001\nMeeting Location: Tri-County Service Center\n123 NE 3rd Avenue, Suite 440\nPortland, Oregon 97232\nTime: 9:00 a.m.\nMembers Present: Kevin Brice (Chair), Washington County\nSue Blatner, Industry – SuperBath Showroom\nGuy Sperb, City of Oregon City\nShelley Ashenfelter, Home Builders Association\nAnn Kohler, City of Portland\nMembers Absent: Ron Murray, Local 290/Tri-County Board\nGuests: Anne Madden, Washington County\nJim Muir, Washington County\nJennifer Fouhy, Washington County\nStaff: Joanie Stevens-Schwenger, Tri-County Service Center\nLaurie A. McClus key, Tri-County Service Center\nChair Kevin Brice called the meeting to order at 9:05 a.m.\n1. APPROVE NOVEMBER 7 M INUTES\nThe committee reviewed the minutes.\nMotion to approve the minutes. Motion approved\n2. CONTINUE THE CREATIVE BRIEF PROCESS\nSee attachment A. The creative brief is a tool that will enable the group to construct an\neffective communications plan. The group worked on items 4 ( c) through 11. Joanie\nand Ann briefly discussed some ideas for 12, 13 and 14. The group ran out of time and\nput these items on the agenda for the next meeting.\n3. AGENDA FOR NEXT MEETING\na. Complete the Creative Brief exercise.\nb. Develop a strategy to deliver the message to the target audiences. Page 2 of 2 – Minutes – November 28, 2001\nCreated on 12/08/01 2:07 PMThe meeting adjourned at 11:05 a.m.\nNext Meeting: Wednesday, November 28, 2001\n9:00 p.m. – 11:00 a.m.\nTri-County Service Center\n123 NE 3rd Avenue, Suite 440\nPortland, Oregon 97232\nAttachments:\nA. Public Outreach Communications Project - Creative Brief – “Draft Work-in-\nProcess” – November 7, 2001\nB. Excerpts of Comments – November 7, 2001 Session"
} |
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"text": "us200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400110210310FirstDSM -> LastDSM (including BTOW & ETOW if in run) (Run 16167101) Entries 10000Mean 201.2RMS 109.7 FirstDSM -> LastDSM (including BTOW & ETOW if in run) (Run 16167101)\nus10 20 30 40 50110210310410lastDSM -> trg Entries 10000Mean 5.316RMS 2.371 lastDSM -> trg us6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28110210310410L2 algorithm time (Total) (trg -> evtacc) Entries 10000Mean 5.23RMS 0.9513 L2 algorithm time (Total) (trg -> evtacc)\nus10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45110210310Accept or Abort (evtacc -> accsent) Entries 10000Mean 12.66RMS 2.545 Accept or Abort (evtacc -> accsent) us0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20110210310Release (accsent -> relsent) Entries 10000Mean 2.409RMS 1.918 Release (accsent -> relsent)\npercent of run0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Hz\n050010001500200025003000input rateinput rate us200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400110210310firstDSM->accept (or abort) sent Entries 10000Mean 227.2RMS 110.9 firstDSM->accept (or abort) sent\nus20 30 40 50 60 70 80110210310lastDSM -> accept (or abort) (L2 processing time) Entries 10000Mean 25RMS 3.566 lastDSM -> accept (or abort) (L2 processing time) us-1000-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200110210310410BBC times (relative to L1)Entries 10000Mean 8.713RMS 25.57BBC times (relative to L1)\nus-1000-800 -600 -400-200 0 200110210310410BC1 times (relative to L1)Entries 10000Mean 45.98RMS 29.13BC1 times (relative to L1)\nus-1000-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200110210310410BCE times (relative to L1)Entries 10000Mean 34.74RMS 28.87BCE times (relative to L1)\nus-1000-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200110210310410BCW times (relative to L1)Entries 10000Mean 53.4RMS 29.95BCW times (relative to L1) us-1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500110210310BBQ times (relative to L1)Entries 10000Mean 149.3RMS 103.8BBQ times (relative to L1)\nus-1000 -800-600 -400-200 0 200400600800110210310FMS times (relative to L1)Entries 10000Mean 70.54RMS 109.1FMS times (relative to L1)\nus-1000-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200110210310410MIX times (relative to L1)Entries 10000Mean 21.6RMS 26.86 MIX times (relative to L1)\nus-1400-1200-1000-800 -600 -400 -200 0110210310L1 times (relative to lastDSMin)Entries 10000Mean -188RMS 108.2L1 times (relative to lastDSMin) us-1000 -500 0 500 1000110210310QT1 times (relative to L1)Entries 10000Mean 101.4RMS 112.5QT1 times (relative to L1)\nus-1000 -500 0 500 1000110210310QT2 times (relative to L1)Entries 10000Mean 118.7RMS 113.1QT2 times (relative to L1)\nus-1000 -500 0 500 1000110210310QT3 times (relative to L1)Entries 10000Mean 120.4RMS 113QT3 times (relative to L1)\nus-1000 -500 0 500 1000110210310QT4 times (relative to L1)Entries 10000Mean 105.1RMS 112.2 QT4 times (relative to L1) us-1000 -500 0 500 1000110210310410MXQ times (relative to L1)Entries 10000Mean 80.61RMS 58.28MXQ times (relative to L1)\nus10 10.0000110.0000210.0000310.0000410.0000510.0000610.0000710.0000810.00009610×-210-110110FEQ times (relative to L1)Entries 0Mean 0RMS 0FEQ times (relative to L1) us10 10.00001 10.00002 10.00003 10.00004 10.00005 10.00006 10.00007 10.00008 10.00009610×-210-110110BTOW arrival (relative to L1) Entries 0Mean 0RMS 0 BTOW arrival (relative to L1)\nus10 10.00001 10.00002 10.00003 10.00004 10.00005 10.00006 10.00007 10.00008 10.00009610×-210-110110ETOW arrival (relative to L1) Entries 0Mean 0RMS 0 ETOW arrival (relative to L1) us10 10.00001 10.00002 10.00003 10.00004 10.00005 10.00006 10.00007 10.00008 10.00009610×-210-110110BTOW arrival (relative to firstDSM) Entries 0Mean 0RMS 0 BTOW arrival (relative to firstDSM)\nus10 10.00001 10.00002 10.00003 10.00004 10.00005 10.00006 10.00007 10.00008 10.00009610×-210-110110ETOW arrival (relative to firstDSM) Entries 0Mean 0RMS 0 ETOW arrival (relative to firstDSM) us10 10.00001 10.00002 10.00003 10.00004 10.00005 10.00006 10.00007 10.00008 10.00009610×-210-110110BTOW compute done (relative to firstDSM) Entries 0Mean 0RMS 0 BTOW compute done (relative to firstDSM)\nus10 10.00001 10.00002 10.00003 10.00004 10.00005 10.00006 10.00007 10.00008 10.00009610×-210-110110ETOW compute done (relative to firstDSM) Entries 0Mean 0RMS 0 ETOW compute done (relative to firstDSM) us-1 -0.5 0 0.5 110210310410BTOW calibrate time Entries 10000Mean 0RMS 0 BTOW calibrate time\nus-1 -0.5 0 0.5 110210310410ETOW calibrate time Entries 10000Mean 0RMS 0 ETOW calibrate time us-1 -0.5 0 0.5 110210310410BTOW calibrate time Entries 10000Mean 0RMS 0 BTOW calibrate time\nus-1 -0.5 0 0.5 110210310410BTOW compute time Entries 10000Mean 0RMS 0 BTOW compute time us10 10.00001 10.00002 10.00003 10.00004 10.00005 10.00006 10.00007 10.00008 10.00009610×-210-110110BTOW (Last DSM - Compute Done) times cut at 300us Entries 0Mean 0RMS 0 BTOW (Last DSM - Compute Done) times cut at 300us\nus10 10.00001 10.00002 10.00003 10.00004 10.00005 10.00006 10.00007 10.00008 10.00009610×-210-110110ETOW (Last DSM - Compute Done) times cut at 300us Entries 0Mean 0RMS 0 ETOW (Last DSM - Compute Done) times cut at 300us us10 10.00001 10.00002 10.00003 10.00004 10.00005 10.00006 10.00007 10.00008 10.00009610×-210-110110BTOW (Last DSM - Compute Done) Full timescale Entries 0Mean 0RMS 0 BTOW (Last DSM - Compute Done) Full timescale\nus10 10.00001 10.00002 10.00003 10.00004 10.00005 10.00006 10.00007 10.00008 10.00009610×-210-110110ETOW (Last DSM - Compute Done) Full timescale Entries 0Mean 0RMS 0 ETOW (Last DSM - Compute Done) Full timescale -1 -0.5 0 0.5 110210310410L1 Time 1Entries 10000Mean 0RMS 0L1 Time 1\nus-1 -0.5 0 0.5 110210310410L1 Time 2Entries 10000Mean 0RMS 0L1 Time 2\nus-1 -0.5 0 0.5 110210310410L1 Time 3Entries 10000Mean 0RMS 0L1 Time 3 us0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4-310-210-1101alg1Entries 2Mean 2RMS 1 alg1\nus0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-310-210-1101alg2Entries 2Mean 4.5RMS 1.5 alg2\nus0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2110210alg3Entries 457Mean 1RMS 0 alg3\nus0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-210-1101alg4Entries 3Mean 2RMS 0 alg4\nus0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-310-210-1101alg5Entries 1Mean 2RMS 0 alg5\nus0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4-310-210-1101alg6Entries 1Mean 3RMS 0 alg6\nus0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 181alg7Entries 5Mean 5.6RMS 5.643 alg7\nus0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2110210alg8Entries 431Mean 1RMS 0 alg8\nus0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-310-210-1101alg9Entries 1Mean 2RMS 0 alg9\nus0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2110210alg10Entries 478Mean 1RMS 0 alg10\nus0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9-310-210-1101alg11Entries 3Mean 4RMS 2.944 alg11\nus0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-310-210-1101alg12Entries 1Mean 6RMS 0 alg12\nus0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2110210alg13Entries 426Mean 1RMS 0 alg13\nus0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4-310-210-1101alg14Entries 2Mean 2RMS 1 alg14\nus0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 201alg15Entries 4Mean 5.5RMS 7.228 alg15\nus0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-310-210-1101alg16Entries 1Mean 2RMS 0 alg16 us0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-310-210-1101alg17Entries 2Mean 2RMS 0 alg17\nus0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-310-210-1101alg18Entries 1Mean 2RMS 0 alg18\nus0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-310-210-1101alg19Entries 1Mean 7RMS 0 alg19\nus0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2110210alg20Entries 444Mean 1RMS 0 alg20\nus0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4-310-210-1101alg21Entries 2Mean 3RMS 0 alg21\nus0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-310-210-1101alg22Entries 1Mean 2RMS 0 alg22\nus0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-310-210-1101alg23Entries 2Mean 4RMS 2 alg23\nus0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-310-210-1101alg24Entries 2Mean 2RMS 0 alg24\nus0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2110210alg25Entries 424Mean 1RMS 0 alg25\nus0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2110210alg26Entries 419Mean 1RMS 0 alg26\nus0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9-310-210-1101alg27Entries 1Mean 8RMS 0 alg27\nus0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-310-210-1101alg28Entries 2Mean 4RMS 0 alg28\nus0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2110210alg29Entries 456Mean 1RMS 0 alg29\nus0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4-310-210-1101alg30Entries 2Mean 2RMS 1 alg30\nus0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2110210alg31Entries 467Mean 1RMS 0 alg31\nus0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14-310-210-1101alg32Entries 3Mean 5.333RMS 5.437 alg32"
} |
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"pdf_file": "P7DVSVWUBQCLK3SEIMRSDBZWVGH3MKC5.pdf",
"text": "FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE\nTuesday, Sept. 23, 2008\n3 indicted for distributing cocaine\nThree men were indicted today in unrelated cases involving the distribution of cocaine in\nthe Twin Cities area.\nIn the first case, Dwight David Shinaul, 28, Brooklyn Park, was charged with one count of\nconspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute cocaine and one count of possession\nwith intent to distribute cocaine. He was indicted Sept. 23 in Minneapolis.\nShinaul’s indictment alleges that from Jan. 1, 2007, through Aug. 26, 2008, he knowingly\nand intentionally conspired with others to dist ribute and possess with intent to distribute 5 or\nmore kilograms of cocaine, and that on Aug. 26, Shinaul did knowingly and intentionally possesswith the intent to distribute 500 or more grams of cocaine.\nAccording to a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) affidavit, authorities learned in\nFebruary 2008 that Shinaul was the source for a Minneapolis-area cocaine dealer.\nOn Aug. 26, officers attempted to stop Shinaul’s vehicle in Minneapolis following a drug\ntransaction, but Shinaul accelerated his vehicle and a high-speed chase ensued for approximately.4 miles from the intersection of Third and Washington avenues to the Minnesota Twins Stadiumconstruction site. After nearly striking a pedestrian and crashing into some constructionequipment, Shinaul stopped, exited the vehicle and fled on foot. \nDuring the foot chase, officers observed Shinaul removing plastic bags from his pants\npocket and throwing them onto the ground. The recovered bags contained approximately 79.7grams of cocaine. When police caught Shinaul, he resisted arrest and attempted to fight with theofficers. After Shinaul was subdued and arrested, police recovered approximately $8,440 in cashfrom Shinaul’s pocket.\nIf convicted, Shinaul faces a potential maximum penalty of life in prison. All sentences are\ndetermined by a federal district court judge. This case is the result of an investigation by theDEA, the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force, the Internal Revenue Service-Criminal Investigation Division, and the Plymouth Police Department. It is being prosecuted byUnited States Department of Justice\nUnited States Attorney’s Office\nDistrict of Minnesota\nNews ReleaseFrank J. Magill, \nUnited States Attorney\nDavid Anderson, Public Affairs Specialist\n(612) 664-5684; cell: (612) 730-2251 Assistant United States Attorney Steven L. Schleicher.\nIn the second case, two men from Phoenix, Ariz., were each indicted on one count of\nconspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute cocaine. Enrique Araque Estrada,\n52, and Rene Manuel Sanchez, 46, were both charged Sept. 23 in Minneapolis.\nTheir indictment alleges that from September 2006 through March 2007, the two men\nknowingly and intentionally conspired with each other and others to distribute and possess withintent to distribute 5 or more kilograms of cocaine. \nIf convicted, Estrada and Sanchez each face a potential maximum penalty of life in prison.\nAll sentences are determined by a federal district court judge. This case is the result of aninvestigation by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, the Nebraska State\nPatrol, and the Headwaters Safe Trails Task For ce. It is also being prosecuted by Assistant U.S.\nAttorney Schleicher. \n–30–\nAn indictment is a determination by a grand jury that th ere is probable cause to believe that offenses have been\ncommitted by a defendant. A defendant, of course, is presum ed innocent until he or she pleads guilty or is proven\nguilty at trial. "
} |
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"text": " \nI want to thank Chairwoman McCarthy, Ranking Member Platts and members of the \nSub-committee on Healthy Families and Communities f or holding this hearing to explore \nthe gang prevention activities on Long Island to le arn what might be replicated across the \ncountry. The reduction of gang recruitment effort s along with prevention of gang related \ncrime is essential to the safety of all residents o f our country. The FBI Long Island \nOffice reports that the Mara Salvatrucha, or MS-13, gang has been deemed to be a \"High \nThreat\" to the northeast section of our country due to its involvement in murder, assaults \nwith weapons, firearms possession, drug distributio n, extortion from businesses, \nprostitution and robbery. \n \nThe immediate focus of the Freeport Police Departme nts efforts to mitigate gang \nrecruitment was a Gang Awareness Suppression and Pr evention Program (GASPP). The \ndemographics of the street gang population encompas s a broad spectrum of race, \nethnicity, gender and age and the program provides gang related information to parents, \ncommunity members, school staffs, and the work forc e in an effort to reduce gang \nrecruitment \n \nThe awareness component of GASPP provides a descrip tion of various behaviors, and \nphysical observations, which together or in some ca ses independently, are indicative of \ngang involvement. While the information provided i n the GASPP brochure (attachment \n# 1) is representative of gang indicators, it is no t all-inclusive. Symbols, colors, hand \nsigns, clothing and gang codes consistently change due to Police awareness and fashion \ntrends. The changes in team logos and colors of pr ofessional sports organizations are \nfrequently the impetus for such changes. \n \nThe prevention element of GASPP encompasses many yo uth-oriented activities. These \ninclude mentoring programs for elementary school st udents, along with a guide for \nparents that advises them of the many programs avai lable to their child as an alternative \nto gangs. Community members and businesses are req uested to engage in positive \ninteraction with adolescents to encourage appropria te social interaction. Business \nowners, residents, and team coaches, are all reques ted to actively communicate with \nstudents who are engaging in inappropriate behavior . This is done in a manner that is \ncourteous and provides positive instruction as a me ans of conveying the necessity of civil \nbehavior and to further individual achievement. T he School District Superintendent, \ntogether with high and middle school administrators , meet monthly with a Freeport \nPolice Department command staff member to develop s trategy to prevent gang activity in \nthe schools and community based upon recent gang in cidents. Informal sharing occurs \nbetween the school staff and police in close time p roximity to any gang involved offense \nwhen students are participants. (Please see attach ment #1 for detailed explanation of the \nGASPP program.) \n \nThe suppression element of GASPP involves various l aw enforcement programs that are \nperformed independently or in conjunction with comm unity resources to discourage \ngang-related activity. Suppression efforts include partnerships with federal and state \nprosecutors, along with a task force made up of fed eral, state and local law enforcement members. Participation in the FBI Gang Task Force has provided additional law \nenforcement resources for conducting criminal inves tigations of gangs with a focus on \ntheir leadership. These investigations have result ed in the arrest and successful \nprosecution of sixty-five members of Mara Salvatruc ha, or MS-13. Other gangs that are \nprevalent through out Long Island such as the Latin King, Bloods, and Crips are being \ninvestigated for crimes similar to the type committ ed by MS-13, by both the FBI Gang \nTask Force and local law enforcement. The Federal Court, without a prior conviction of \na predicate felony, may not prosecute individual ga ng members, who are seventeen years \nof age or less. Therefore gang members who have a defense based on their age are \nprosecuted locally. The MS 13 members who were arr ested were involved in the \ncommission of various violent crimes that include d ealing drugs, possession of firearms, \nrape, robbery and murder. \n \nAnother cooperative gang suppression effort is a pa rtnership with the Nassau County \nProbation Department that teams Police Officers wit h Probation Officers. The Probation \nDepartment Officers lead the teams that visit the r esidences of probationers who are gang \nmembers. These visits serve to ensure that the pro bationers are not in violation of any \nterms of their probation. This compliance program also verifies that gang members are \nnot associating with other gang members or in posse ssion of any firearms or drugs. It \nalso provides a means to establish that they are ab iding by curfew restrictions, thereby \ndiscouraging their participation in crime. \n \nSupplementing traditional gang prevention technique s, the Freeport Police Department \nhas developed and implemented a Home Visit Program (HVP). The HVP has been \ndesigned to assist the parents of gang members by h elping them recognize their child's \nassociation with a gang. This usually takes place prior to an arrest of their son or \ndaughter. After a Police Officer has confirmed tha t an individual is involved with a gang \nand the information is passed on to the Commanding Officer of the Freeport Police \nDepartment’s Community Response Unit (CRU). Two De tectives are assigned to \nconduct a home visit of the gang member's family to discuss their child's participation in \nthe gang and advise them of the resources available to the family to help them discourage \ntheir child's further participation in the gang. The initial reaction to the police visit is \ndenial of their child’s involvement. Only after th e detectives present the parents with \nevidence that includes gang indicators such as tatt oos, limited clothing attire restricted by \ncolor, letters or product initials, observation of hand signing, and their child or friends, \nare not hearing challenged, along with drawings, an d gang paraphernalia in their school \nbags or books do, the parents realize that their ch ild is involved with gangs. In some \ninstances, parents have relocated their son or daug hter with relatives in other states or \neven other countries. Other parents have expressed frustration and a lack of hope with \nregard to their child’s future. A small percentage are currently gang members themselves \nor don’t see a problem with their child’s involved gang membership. During testimony \nto the Nassau County Legislation Public Safety Comm ittee, a Roosevelt, N.Y. \nCommunity Activist testified that the gang members in her neighborhood helped her \ngrow up and she saw no problem with them hanging ou t with her children. She further \nstated that the only gang she was afraid of was the gang dressed in blue that drive white \ncars with blue and orange stripes. This was a refe rence to the Nassau County Police Department. To make the HVP more effective, a part nership has been established with \nthe Freeport Pride Youth Outreach organization, tha t has resulted in providing the parents \nwith follow up referral services and involvement by their social workers. \n \n \nSchool Based Programs \n \nThe Freeport Police Department Adopt-A-Cop Program is another activity that was \ndeveloped to discourage youth from entering a gang. The Adopt A Cop Program was \nformulated to provide a positive informal interacti on between students and police \nofficers. The program requires the \"adoption\" of o ne police officer by each 4 th grade \nclass who will meet with their \"adopted\" Officer at the onset of the program and monthly \nthereafter throughout the school year. The officers who are involved in the Adopt A Cop \nprogram are volunteers. Of the ninety-two Freeport police officers, twenty-eight \nvolunteer as Adopt A Cops. \n \nDuring the monthly meeting, officers conduct an ope n exchange of ideas and discussions \nwith their students that centers around the fore me ntioned goals and objectives. The \nofficers also schedule tours of Police Headquarters and attend the school trips by their \nrespective classes. At the completion of each meet ing, each student composes a letter to \ntheir police officer including any comments or ques tions which pertains to the prior \nmeeting, or other police related concerns. The off icer responds with a general letter to \nthe entire class, which is read to them by their te acher in between meetings. \n \n \nAt the end of the school year, all of the fourth gr ade students, their adopted Police \nOfficers and additional Police resources, celebrate the end of their school year together \nwith Adopt A Cop Day. The day is filled with inter active presentations that include tours \nof a Police helicopter, Horse Mounted Officer, SCUB A and K-9 demonstrations. Pizza, \nhot dogs, soda and ice cream are enjoyed by all of the day's participants. In addition each \nchild is also given an Adopt a Cop tee shirt. \n \n \nGoals and Objectives: \n \n \nThe goals and objectives of the Adopt A Cop program are to: \n \nA) Encourage the mutually beneficial exchange of information an d concerns between the \nAdopted Cop and his/her class. \n \nB) Provide a positive police officer role model, thereby disp elling negative police \nstereotypes. \n \nC) Educate children about their safety, and discuss methods w hich the children may use \nto avoid potential hazardous situations, including gang recruitment efforts. \nD) Discuss projects and non-violent forms of entertain ment as a positive alternative \nto questionable media entertainment. \n \nE) Provide an avenue for children to discuss positive alternate means to resolve \nconflict, or express anger or frustration as an alt ernative to violence or \nalcohol/drug use. \n \nF) Provide insight into the function of police officer s, and encourage students to \nconsider law enforcement as a possible career. \n \nG) Contribute to the development of the children who p articipate in the Adopt A \nCop program. \n \nEach of the officers who participate as Adopt-A-Cop Program volunteers receive the \nFreeport Police Department Community Service Award at the bi-annual award dinner. \n \n \nThis program is currently in its eleventh year of o peration. \n \n \nThe Safe Schools Healthy Students grant had funded a similar but much smaller police \nmentoring program that was designed for middle scho ol students, who were recognized \nto be considered \"at risk\" of gang involvement. Th is program had been proposed by the \nFreeport Police Department to the Safe Schools Heal thy Students Program Committee \nMembers. The committee included the Freeport Schoo l District, Nassau County BOCES, \nOperation Pride, Freeport Youth Outreach, and the S outh Shore Child Guidance Center. \nMiddle school students were selected as the program participants due to a conscious \nbelief by the program membership that this mentorin g program would complement the \nAdopt-A-Cop program. Due to grant funding limitatio ns, the program was limited with \nregard to the number of participants to achieve the greatest impact with limited resources. \nIt was decided that middle school administrators an d teachers would select those students \nthey believed to be “at risk” of gang involvement f or this program. \n \n \n Ultimately the program would include this group of middle school students who the \ncommittee members believed would benefit the most f rom interaction with police \nofficers. The programs six police officers would i nteract weekly during a shared school \nbased lunch meeting. On weekends, students and pol ice officers would jointly participate \nin sports, trips, and movie outings. The officers received an hourly rate, which was \nsubstantially less than their police officer salari es as per diem school district employees. \nUnfortunately, in spite of its success, when the gr ant funding expired, the school district \nwas unable to continue the program. \n \n Gang prevention efforts must also include education al programs that assist adolescents in \nachieving important developmental skills. In 2004, the Freeport Police Department \nintroduced an employment skills workshop designed t o facilitate employment \nopportunities for middle school students. The work shop provides these students with \ninsight into the job application process, interview , preparation and employment \nexpectations. The information provided affords stu dents the opportunity to be readily \nprepared to seek employment opportunities, thereby offering a counter balance to the \nlimitations imposed by gang membership. Gangs gran t status to members who are \nviolent, possess an active and lengthy criminal rec ord and embrace a disregard of \nsocieties value on life, individual responsibility and achievement. These traits are \ncounterproductive to being successful in seeking em ployment. The aforementioned gang \ntenets preclude a chance for a successful job inter view in contrast to the Employment \nSkills Workshop. (Please see attachment #2, Emplo yment Skills Workshop). \n \n \nCommunity Partnership \n \n \nThe aforementioned police initiatives were presente d as initial efforts to address the \nproliferation of gangs and related crime issues. C ontinuing in this vein in 2002, Mayor \nGlacken and the Board of Trustees with the Freeport Police Department, in conjunction \nwith the Freeport school district, formed a consort ium of various organizations and \ninstitutions that are associated with the Freeport community. The organization was \nformed and named the Officials Working Group (OWG) for the purpose of preventing \ngang related crime through the concerted utilizatio n of new and existing resources. The \nmain committee meets monthly, while the sub-committ ees meet during the month and \nreport on their progress at the main monthly meetin g. \n \n \n \nRepresentation on the committee rapidly expanded to include the Nassau County District \nAttorney's Office, Nassau County Youth Board, Freep ort Parent Teachers Association \n(PTA), Hofstra University Liberty Partnership, Nass au County Coalition Against \nDomestic Violence, Junior Achievement, Nassau Count y Equal Opportunity \nCommission, Freeport Recreation Department, Freepor t Pride, Education Tutorial \nServices, Struggling To Reunite Our New Generation (STRONG), along with \nrepresentatives of various religious clergy and com munity advocates. The School \nSuperintendent chairs the committee. \n \nIn the beginning, the committee decided to focus on reducing crime by addressing street \ngang violence and related anti-social behavior in t he schools and community. Committee \nmembers determined that the first objective would b e to discourage gang recruitment \nefforts through community and parental awareness pr esentations. A revised gang \nawareness program was developed from the pre-existi ng Freeport Police Department \nGang Awareness, Suppression & Prevention (GASP) pro gram. The expanded Gang \nAwareness Program (GAP) is designed to inform commu nity members, with an emphasis on parents of students, about how to determine if a person is involved in a gang through \nthe identification of specific characteristics uniq ue to street gang members. In addition, \nthe presentation list the reasons people join gangs , along with a description of their rites \nof initiation and explanation of the types of crime s they are associated with. \n \nThe most powerful allure of a gang is the sense of power and respect that is perceived to \ncome with membership; the power of numbers, control of a neighborhood, and fear of \ntheir potential for committing random acts of viole nce, that is mistaken for respect. \nThese misplaced beliefs, in conjunction with a sens e of being family or brothers or sisters \nagainst other gangs and those who they perceive as being different, creates a sense of \nunity. In reality, the love, power, respect, and u nity of gang membership is a path to \narrest, imprisonment, injury, hospitalization, and death. A community involvement \ncomponent of GAP lists the various resources availa ble to discourage gang recruitment \nefforts. This includes involvement in alternative structural school activities, increased \nparental involvement in the education process, and access to professional counseling in \nschools via accredited private social outreach serv ices. These prevention efforts, to be \neffective, must be in place to assist students as e arly as third grade. \n \nOne OWG sub-committee has developed a bilingual “Gu ide to School and Community \nActivities for School Age Children.” The guide pro vides parents with a broad variety of \nsupervised and structured activities as an alternat e to idle time. The activities are listed \naccording to a child’s age and grade. (Please see a ttachment #3 for the current guide). \n \nA member of the OWG who was partnered with an offic er from the Freeport Police \nDepartment Community Response Unit (cru) gave each GAP presentation, and by \nFebruary 2004, every school PTA in the Freeport Sch ool District had a GAP \npresentation.. Additional presentations are curren tly offered to any religious \ncongregation or civic association willing to host t he program. Unfortunately, most of the \npresentations that have taken place were poorly att ended. \n \nThe expansion of Police Department school-based men toring programs, interagency \ncollaboration and interactive resident/police commu nications respective to street crime or \nrelated activity, supplement the many initiatives d escribed above. In conjunction with \nthese efforts, the Police Department provides an as sessment of the gang issues facing \nvillage residents along with insight into existing police-sponsored programs and \nenforcement operations. Group dynamics of the OWG participants have afforded the \nmembers an opportunity to enhance existing programs . As discussed prior, the Freeport \nPolice Department \"Home Visit Program\" (HVP) has be en changed to provide an \nadditional resource. Now when CRU officers visit t he homes of known gang members to \noffer assistance to the gang member's parent(s), an additional service is provided. \nFreeport Pride, a private youth outreach program, i s working with CRU officers to \ninclude their social workers in the HVP to offer th eir assistance and alternate program \nawareness to the gang members family. \n \n Another sub-committee is tasked with researching ne w programs for students as a \ndeterrent to gang recruitment. The committee membe rs also arrange for former gang \nmembers or other motivational speakers to address s tudent groups. One sub-committee \nhas the responsibility for researching new law prop osals that are designed to deter gang \nrelated crime. Other members are assigned to pursu e the development of new initiatives \nand partnerships with like organizations outside Fr eeport. These include the; Hispanic \nCounseling Center, Family and Children Associations , Nassau County Youth Board, \nNassau County Department of Social Services, and th e Salvation Army. \n \n \nOne of the new initiatives that have been implement ed is a student survey. The survey \nwas conducted in anticipation that the results woul d assist the committee with identifying \nareas of need that the committee would focus on to better assist students with meeting \ntoday's challenges. The framework of the Search In stitute survey evaluates a student’s \nsense of possessing skills or “Developmental Assets ” in the following five categories. \n \n1) On going relationships with caring adults. \n2) Safe places and structured activities during non-sc hool hours. \n3) A healthy start for a healthy future. \n4) Marketable skills through effective education. \n5) Opportunities to serve. \n \n \nCurrently the OWG is evaluating the results of a De velopmental Asset Survey that was \ngiven to even grade students from 4 th to 12 th grades. The Search Institute vision is to \n\"Have a world where all young people are valued and thrive\". (Please see attachment #4 \nfor a descriptive booklet on the survey) \n \nWhile Freeport School students offered responses th at are comparable to national average \nresults, the specific asset deficiencies were dishe artening. This is especially true with \nregard to the following; \n1) Positive family communications-only 16% locally and 28% nationally have this \nasset \n2) Have high expectations for themselves-56% locally a nd 48% nationally have this \nasset \n3) A sense of bonding to the school-38% locally and 52 % nationally have this asset \n4) The ability to initiate peaceful conflict resolutio n-21% locally and 40% nationally \n5) A sense of feeling safe-42% locally and 51% nationa lly \n6) Have and understand family boundaries-36% locally a nd 46% nationally \n7) Experience positive peer influence-54% locally and 63% nationally \n8) Use time at home constructively-43% locally and 51% nationally \n9) Feel capable of exercising restraint-30% locally an d 45% nationally \n \nThe above survey results, while not specific entice ments to gang involvement, help \nexplain the allure of a gang as a surrogate family. The unity, love and respect that is perceived to be, or is missing in the family, creat es a void that gang membership purports \nto fill. \n \n Family values once taken for granted as the founda tion for child development have been \nseriously eroded. Inappropriate societal influenc es including entertainment media, video \ngames, and magazines, such as \"Don Diva\", glorify v iolence and misogynistic views. \nThese sources, combined with a news media, that sen sationalizes horrific acts of \nviolence, become difficult influences for parents a nd schools to overcome. In addition, a \nconfused sense as to what constitutes traditional c ultural values contributes to minimizing \nthe reservations a person may have with regard to j oining a gang. \n \nMulti-culturalism without support for the establish ed cultural values & beliefs contributes \nto national confusion on how to address many of the problems facing society. A \"melting \npot\" without a common language will become a \"Tower of Babble\". The ability to \nengage in effective communication is an essential e lement of any successful gang \neradication effort. Confused or misunderstood comm unications frequently result in \nunattended and sometimes deadly consequences. I ha ve witnessed native-born gang \nmembers openly discuss their distrust of non-Englis h speaking members of opposing \ngangs during school gang prevention workshops. \n \nThe allure of gang membership in some cases origina tes from a family member. In many \ncases either the father or sibling is the pathway t o gang membership. The family legacy \nroad to gang membership is more common within Hispa nic gangs, where two or more \ngenerations who belong to the same gang may live to gether. Even families without a \ngang member within it are experiencing difficulty w ith raising their children due to the \noutside influences. \n \nIn a recent disturbing trend, the Freeport Police D epartment has experienced an increase \nin domestic incident calls that involve parents who state that they are overwhelmed and \nfeels incapable of dealing with the behavioral issu es of their child. Most of these parents \nare looking for help and guidance. Others have sta ted that they don't care about their \nchild and want the Police to take them and place th em in jail or any place, just away from \nthem. These children have been abandoned in place and will be at risk absent meaningful \nintervention by reinvigorated and accomplished gove rnment services. \n \nThe effectiveness of the programs described herein is difficult to weigh. In spite of the \nefforts expended, gangs proliferate in surrounding communities, while their membership \nnumbers remain relatively constant within Freeport. The gang recruiting that has been \nthwarted is due to the collective labors of the Fre eport Police Department and its many \npartners. The total magnitude of the gang activity that has been prevented is an \nintangible. The obvious and consensus view is that more needs to be done on the federal, \nstate and local levels. \n \nThe most important next step is changing the cultur e to restore values that incorporate \nand encourage a sense of unity, respect, and devoti on to guarantee the rights of others to \nbe free from threats, intimidation or harm. Free s peech issues must be weighed in the context of offense it was intended to cause. Restr ictions on profanity do not restrict a \nperson’s ability to communicate. Conversely, our a bility to communicate would be \nenhanced by the expansion of vocabulary for the pur pose of engaging in persuasive \ncommunication without vulgarity. \n \nThe family must plant courtesy and the skills of po sitive social interaction during infancy. \nOverwhelmingly, television has become the primary b abysitter of youth. The social \nskills developed through this medium bare little re semblance to “Sesame Street” and are \nmore representative of the “Jerry Springer Show.” Parenting skill programs and related \neducational programs must find a way into our early child development efforts. The \nsubsequent benefit to focusing on early development skills and communication programs \nwill achieve benefits in reducing domestic violence , providing academic, and skills \nlearning, all of which are measurable outcomes. The y also support a cohesive family unit \nas the primary deterrent to gang involvement. Furt hermore we must work to ensure that \nall people are embraced and afforded opportunity as true equals. This is a daunting task \nthat must be implemented as soon as possible. Any thing less than the timely \nimplementation of these principles will guarantee t hat our gang prevention efforts will be \nas successful as the current \"war on drugs\". \n \n \n \n \n "
} |
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"pdf_file": "4JIOYSGO26FIUJU47G4MCVYSZUGX7EAE.pdf",
"text": "Charge It\n \n \nCharge It\n July 17th, 2002 \nBy John Yang \nABC News \nAudit: Strip Club Tips, Gambling, Wine Charged to Army Credit Cards \n \nW A S H I N G T O N, July 17 \n- At least 200 Army personnel rang up $38,000 in credit card charges at strip clubs near U.S.\nmilitary bases - like the Bottoms Up Club near Fort Jackson, S.C. - according to General\nAccounting Office investigators. \nThe government watchdog agency cited abuses by individuals who bought $630 in escort\nservices, fine china, cigars, wine, a trip to Las Vegas, Internet and casino gambling, even two\npictures of Elvis Presley from his Graceland mansion in Memphis - all charged with Pentagon\ncredit cards marked \"for official government use only.\" \n\"This is not just a nickel-and-dime kind of operation - a couple of guys going to a strip club,\" said\nRep. Janice Schakowsky of Illinois, the top Democrat on the House Government Reform\nsubcommittee on financial management. \"We are talking about a culture, a systematic problem\nwithin the department.\" \nThat culture seems to have applied to official purchases, too. A $30,000 credit card purchase of\n80 Palm Pilots was explained in an e-mail that said \"a command decision\" was made \"to get\nenough goodies for everyone.\" The Palm Pilots ended up in a storage cabinet. \n\"It's like a cancer,\" said Sen. Charles Grassley, R-Iowa, who has been pursuing Pentagon credit\ncard abuse since last year. \"It catches on. And if a few officers can do, why can't a few\nsergeants do it?\" \nThe idea behind the cards was to allow employees to make small purchases or pay for travel\nwithout the costly paperwork of the standard procurement process. In addition, purchases with\nthe card generate rebates for the federal government. \nThe cards for purchasing equipment are billed directly to the Pentagon. The travel cards are\nbilled to the employees, who are reimbursed for their expenses. Both cards are administered by\nthe Bank of America. \nBad Checks Also Problem \n 1 / 2 Charge It\nIn addition to the inappropriate purchases, the GAO said more than 1,200 Army employees\nwrote bad checks to pay their government credit card bills. Last year alone, that cost taxpayers\n$3.8 million in higher fees and lost rebates. \nIn 2001, a staff sergeant at Fort Jackson bounced 86 checks totaling $270,000. Investigators\ndiscovered he had previously been convicted of credit card fraud. Army officials say he has\nbeen court-martialed. \nLawmakers say credit card abuse could be a national security problem. Of the 105 worst cases\nof bad checks, 40 of the people who wrote them had security clearances of \"secret,\" \"top\nsecret\" or higher. In all, Bank of America has written off about $150,000 of their debts as\nuncollectible. At a House hearing today, Pentagon officials admitted their oversight has been\nlax and said they are taking steps to correct the problems. \nLawmakers said it is part of a bigger problem of financial mismanagement at the Pentagon that\nrivals the accounting scandals in corporate America. Earlier this year, the Pentagon's inspector\ngeneral said $1.2 trillion of Defense Department accounting entries were \"unsupported because\nof documentation problems or improper because the entries were illogical or did not follow\ngenerally accepted accounting principles.\" \n\"We are talking about trillions - $1.2 trillion - that we don't now where it is or how it's accounted\nfor,\" said Schakowsky. \n 2 / 2"
} |
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"pdf_file": "ELS4P7L7AQO4WFSJVMCLQZ4HLOQIHFZU.pdf",
"text": "Comptroller of the Currency\nAdministrator of National Banks\nWashington, D.C. 20219\nCorporate Decision #97-72\nAugust 1997\nDECISION OF THE OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY\nON THE APPLICATION TO MERGE\nFIRST AMERICAN BANK, N.A., LISBON, NORTH DAKOTA,\n WITH AND INTO\nFIRST AMERICAN BANK, N.A., MOORHEAD, MINNESOTA\n \nJuly 21, 1997\n_____________________________________________________________________________\nI. INTRODUCTION\nOn May 21 , 1997, an Application was filed with the Office of the Comptroller of th e\nCurrenc y (\"OCC\") for approval to merge First American Bank, National Association, Lisbon ,\nNorth Dakota (\"Lisbon Bank\") with and into First American Bank, National Association ,\nMoorh ead, Minnesota (\"Moorhead Bank\"), under the charter and title of the latter, under 1 2\nU.S.C. §§ 215a-1, 1828(c) & 1831u(a) (\"the Merger Applicat ion\"). Moorhead Bank has its main\noffice in Moorhead, Minnesota. I t also has a branch in Moorhead, Minnesota. Lisbon Bank has\nits main office in L isbon, North Dakota, and operates branches in North Dakota. In the Merger\nApplicatio n, OCC approval is also requested for the resulting bank to retain Moorhead Bank' s\nmain office as the main office of the resu lting bank under 12 U.S.C. § 1831u(d)(1), and to retain\nMoorhead Bank's branch and Lisbon Bank's main office and branches, as branches after th e\nmerger under 12 U.S.C. §§ 36(d) & 1831u(d)(1).\nBoth L isbon Bank and Moorhead Bank are subsidiaries of Bremer Financial Corporation\n(\"Bremer\") , a multistate bank holding company headquartered in St. Paul, Minnesota. In th e\nproposed merger, two of Bremer's existing bank subsidiari es will be combined into one bank with\nbranches. As of March 31, 1997, the Lisbon Bank ha d approximately $91.8 million in assets and\n$75.8 million in deposits. As of the same date, the Moorhead Bank had approximately $3. 6\nmillion in assets and $343,000 in deposits.\nII. LEGAL AUTHORITY\nA. The Interstate Merger is Authorized under 12 U.S.C. §§ 215a-1 & 1831u. - 2 -\n For purposes of section 1831u, the following definitions apply: The term \"home State\" means, with respect1\nto a national bank, \"the State in which the main office of the bank is located.\" The term \"host State\" means, \"wit h\nrespect to a bank, a S tate, other than the home State of the bank, in which the bank maintains, or seeks to establish and\nmaintain, a branch.\" The term \"interstate merger transaction\" means any mer ger transaction approved pursuant to section\n1831u(a)(1). The term \"out-of-State bank\" means, \"with respect to any St ate, a bank whose home State is another State.\"\nThe te rm \"responsible agency\" means the agency determined in accordance with 12 U.S.C. § 1828(c)(2) (namely, the\nOCC if the acquiring, assuming, or resulting bank is a national bank). See 12 U.S.C. § 1831u(f)(4), (5), (6), (8) & (10).In 1994, Congress enacted legislation to create a framework for interstate mergers an d\nbranching by ba nks. See Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994,\nPub. L. No. 103-328, 108 Stat. 2338 (enacted September 29, 1994) (\"t he Riegle-Neal Act\"). The\nRiegle-Neal Act added a new section 44 to the Federal Deposit Insurance Act that authorize s\ncertain interstate merger transactions beginning on June 1, 1997. See Riegle-Neal Act § 102(a)\n(adding new section 44, 12 U.S.C. § 1831u). It also made conforming amendments to th e\nprovisions on mergers and co nsolidations of national banks to permit national banks to engage in\nsuch section 44 interstate merger transactions. See Riegle-Neal Act § 102(b)(4) (adding a new\nsection, codified at 12 U.S.C. § 215a-1). It also added a similar conforming amendment to the\nMcFadden Act to permit national banks to maintain and operate branches in accordance wit h\nsection 44. See Riegle-Neal Act § 102(b)(1)(B) (adding new subsection 12 U.S.C. § 36(d)).\nSection 44 authorizes mergers between banks with different home states:\n (1) In Ge neral. -- Beginning on June 1, 1997, the responsible agency ma y\napprove a merger t ransaction under section 18(c) [12 U.S.C. § 1828(c), the Bank\nMerger Act] bet ween insured banks with different home States, without regard to\nwhether such transaction is prohibited under the law of any State.\n12 U.S.C. § 1831u(a)(1). The Act permits a state to elect to prohibit such interstate merge r1\ntransactions involving a bank whose home s tate is the prohibiting state by enacting a law between\nSeptember 29, 1994, and May 31, 1997, that expressly prohibits all mergers with all out-of-state\nbanks. See 12 U.S.C. § 1831u(a)(2) (state \"opt-out\" laws). In this Me rger Application, the home\nstates of the banks are Minnesota and North Dakota; neither state has opted out. Accordingly,\nthis Merger Application may be approved under 12 U.S.C. §§ 215a-1 & 1831u(a). \nIn addition, an application to engage in an interstate merger transaction under 12 U.S.C.\n§ 1831u is also subject to certain requirements and conditions set forth in sections 1831u(a)(5) and\n1831u(b) of the Riegle-Neal Act. These conditions are: (1) compliance with state-imposed age\nlimits, if any, subject to the Act’s limits; (2) compliance with certain state filing requirements ,\nto the extent the filing requirements are perm itted in the Act; (3) compliance with nationwide and\nstate concentration limits; (4) community reinvestment compliance; and (5) adequacy of capital\nand management skills.\nThe Merger Application satisfies all these conditions to the extent applicable. First, the\nproposal satisfies the state-imposed age requirements permitted by section 1831u(a)(5). Unde r\nthat section, the OCC may not approve a merger under section 1831u(a)(1) \"that would have the - 3 -\n Under this provision, states are permitted to impose a filing r equirement on out-of-state banks that will operate2\nbranches in the state as a result of an interstate merger transaction under the Riegle-Neal Act, but the states may impose\nonly th ose requirements that are within the terms specified. Since Congress has specifically set forth and limited what\nstate filing requirements apply for these interstate transactions, it clearly intended that only those requirements woul d\napply, and the states may not impose others. Thus, in a transaction involving only national banks, only the filin g\nrequirements allowed under section 1831u(b)(1) must be complied with. However, where a state bank is involved, a state\nmay continue to have authority to impose greater requirements on its own state-chartered banks, because of th e\nreservation of authority in section 1831u(c)(3). Moreover, as a general matter, national banks are formed an d\nincorporated under, and governed by, federal law. Thei r authority to enter mergers, to establish branches, or to undergo\nother changes in their corporate existence is determined by federal law, not state law; and any requisite approval is by\nthe OCC, not state author ities. For a fuller discussion of this subject, see, e.g. , Decision on the Applications to Merge\nFirst Interstate Ba nks into Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (OCC Corporate Decision No. 96-29, June 1, 1996) (at pages 4-5,\n12-14 & note 11).effect of permitting an out-of -State bank or out-of-State bank holding company to acquire a bank\nin a host state that has not been in existence for the minimum period of time, if any, specified in\nthe statutory law of the host State.\" 12 U.S.C. § 1831u(a)(5)(A). In this Merger Application,\nMoorhead Bank is acquiring by merger a bank (Lisbon Bank) in the host state of North Dakota.\nThe statutory laws of North Dakota do not contain any minimum age requirement. Thus, th e\nLisbon Bank/Moorhead Bank merger satisfies the Riegle-Neal Act requi rement of compliance with\nstate age laws.\nSecond, the proposal meets the applicable filing requirements. A bank applying for a n\ninterstate merger transaction under section 1831u(a) must (1) \"com ply with the filing requirements\nof any host State of the bank which will result from such transaction\" as long as the filin g\nrequireme nt does not discriminate against out-of-state banks and is similar in effect to filin g\nrequirements imposed by the host stat e on out-of-state nonbanking corporations doing business in\nthe host state, and (2) submit a copy of the application to the state bank supervisor of the hos t\nstate. See 12 U.S .C. § 1831u(b)(1). The North Dakota interstate banking statute provides that2\nan \"out- of-state bank that will be the resulting bank pursuant to an interstate merger involving a\nNorth Dakota bank must notify and submit a copy o f its interstate merger application to the board\nof the proposed merger not later than the date on which it files th e application with the responsible\nfederal regulatory authority.\" N.D. Cent. Code § 6-08.4-05 (1996). As implemented to date,\nthe filing requirements of section 6-08.4-05 do not appear to discriminate against out-of-stat e\nbanks or to impose a filing requirement more burdensome than that imposed on nonbankin g\ncorporati ons. Moorhead Bank provided a copy of its OCC Merger Application to the Nort h\nDakota state bank supervisor. Thus, the Lisbon Bank/Moorhead Ba nk merger satisfies the Riegle-\nNeal Act requirement of compliance with state filing requirements.\nThird, the propos ed interstate merger transaction does not raise issues with respect to the\ndeposit concentration limits of the Riegle-Neal Act. Section 1831u(b) (2) places certain nationwide\nand statewide deposit concentration limits on section 1831u(a) interstate merger transactions .\nHowever, interst ate merger transactions involving only affiliated banks are specifically excepted\nfrom the se provisions. See 12 U.S.C. § 1831u(b)(2)(E). Lisbon Bank and Moorhead Bank are\naffiliates; thus section 1831u(b)(2) is not applicable to this merger. - 4 -\nFourth, the proposed interstate merger transaction also does not raise issues with respect\nto the spe cial community reinvestment compliance provisions of the Riegle-Neal Act. I n\ndetermining whet her to approve an application for an interstate merger transaction under section\n1831u(a), the OCC must (1) comply with its responsibilities under section 804 of the federa l\nCommunity Reinvestment Act (\"CRA\"), 12 U.S.C. § 2903, (2) take into account the CR A\nevaluation s of any bank which would be an affiliate of the resulting bank, and (3) take int o\naccount the applicant banks' record of compliance with applicable state community reinvestment\nlaws. See 12 U.S.C. § 1831u(b)(3). However, this provision does not apply to mergers between\naffiliated banks since it applies only \"for an interstate merger transaction in which the resulting\nbank would have a bra nch or bank affiliate immediately following the transaction in any State in\nwhich the bank submitting the application (as the acquiring bank) had no branch or bank affiliate\nimmediat ely before the transaction.\" 12 U.S.C. § 1831u(b)(3). See also H.R. Conf. Rep. No.\n651, 103d Cong., 2d Sess. 52 (1994). In this Merger Application, Moorhead Bank (the ban k\nsubmitting t he application as the acquiring bank) has a bank affiliate in North Dakota before the\ntransaction ( i.e., Lisbon Bank), and is also not otherwise obtaining a branch or bank affiliate in\nany state in which it did not have a branch or bank affiliate before. Thus, this Riegle-Neal Act\nprovision is not applicable to the Merger Application. However, the Community Reinvestment\nAct itself is applicable, as discussed below, see Part III-B.\nFifth, the proposal satisfies the adequacy of capital and management skills requirements\nin the Riegle-Neal Act. The OCC may approve an application for an interstate merger transaction\nunder section 1831u(a) only if each bank involved in the transaction is adequately capitalized as\nof the date the application is filed and the resulting ban k will continue to be adequately capitalized\nand adequately managed upon consummation of the transaction. See 12 U.S.C. § 1831u(b)(4).\nAs of the d ate the application was filed, both Lisbon Bank and Moorhead Bank satisfied al l\nregulatory and supervisory requirements relating to adequate capitalization. Currently, each bank\nis at least satisfactorily managed. The OCC has also determined that, following the merger ,\nMoorhead Bank will continue to exceed the standards for an adequately capitalized and adequately\nmanaged bank. The requirements of 12 U.S.C. § 1831u(b)(4) are therefore satisfied.\nAccordi ngly, the proposed interstate merger transaction between Lisbon Bank an d\nMoorhead Bank is legally permissible under section 1831u.\nB. Following the Merger, the Resulting Bank Ma y Retain Moorhead Bank's and Lisbon\nBank's Existing Main Offices and Branches under 1 2 U.S.C. §§ 36(d) & 1831u(d)(1).\nThe Applican ts have requested that, upon the completion of the merger, Moorhead Bank\n(as the res ulting bank in the merger) be permitted to retain and continue to operate its existin g\nmain off ice in Moorhead, Minnesota, as the main office of the resulting bank, and to retain and\noperate as branches (1) its own branch and (2) the main office and branches of Lisbon Bank i n - 5 -\n Lisbon Bank has received approval to open a branch in Fargo, North Dakota, which will not open prior to3\nthe merger. North Dakota law permits state-wide branching. N.D. Cent. Code § 6-03-13.1 (1996). We note that after\nthe merger, Moorhead Bank, by virtue of its branches in North Dakota, would be authorized to establish and operate this\nbranch under 12 U.S.C. § 36(c). As a result, the unopened branch will continue to be approved by the OCC after the\nmerger.\n By its action in adding section 3 6(d), Congress made it clear that section 44(d)(1) is an express and complete4\ngrant of offic e-retention authority for interstate merger transactions effected under section 44 and that it operate s\nindependently of th e provisions for branch retention in mergers under 12 U.S.C. § 36(b)(2). Neither section 36(d) nor\nsection 18 31u(d)(1) refers to section 36(b)(2). Congress clearly was aware of the McFadden Act's existing provisions\nfor branch r etention in mergers at the time it acted on section 44 and the way in which those provisions applied fo r\ninterstate national banks, since the OCC had approved interstate main office relocation transactions that also involved\nmergers with affiliate banks in which the resulting bank's authority to retain branches was based on section 36(b)(2) .\nThe Conference Report to the Riegle-Neal Act makes reference to such OCC decisions. See H.R. Conf. Rep. No. 651,\n103d Cong., 2d Sess. 57 (1994). By expressly providing for office-retention in section 1831u(d)(1) and the n\nincorporating that into the McFadden Act in section 36(d), Congress cle arly intended that those provisions apply to branch\nretention in interstate merger transactions under section 1831u, rather than the complex branch retention provisions of\nsection 36(b)(2). Of course, s ection 36(b)(2) continues to govern branch retention in national bank mergers that are not\nentered into under section 18 31u, including mergers involving an interstate bank (such as a merger of an interstate bank\ninto another national bank in its home state).North Dakota . In an interstate merger transaction under section 1831u, the resulting bank' s3\nretention and continued operation of the offices of the merging banks is expressly provided for:\n (1) Continued Operations. -- A resulting bank may, subject to the approval of\nthe appropriate Federal banking agency, retain and operate, as a main office or a\nbranch, any office that any bank involved in an interstate merger transaction was\noperating as a main off ice or a branch immediately before the merger transaction.\n12 U.S.C. § 183 1u(d)(1). The resulting bank is the \"bank that has resulted from an interstat e\nmerger transaction under this section [section 1831u(a)].\" 12 U.S.C. § 1831u(f)(11). In addition,\nCongr ess also added a conforming amendment to the McFadden Act to emphasize that branc h\nretention in an interstate merger transaction under section 1831u occurs under the authority o f\nsection 1831u(d):\n (d) Branches Resulting From Interstate Merger Transactions. -- A national bank\nresulting from an interstate merger transaction (as defined in section 44(f)(6) of the\nFederal Deposit Insurance Act) may mainta in and operate a branch in a State other\nthan the home State (as defined in subsection (g)(3)( B)) of such bank in accordance\nwith section 44 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [12 U.S.C. § 1831u].\n12 U.S.C. § 36(d) (as added by Riegle-Neal Act § 102(b)(1)(B)). Therefore, Moorhead Bank,\nthe resul ting bank in this interstate merger transaction, may retain and continue to operate all of\nthe existing bankin g offices of both Moorhead Bank and Lisbon Bank under 12 U.S.C. §§ 36(d)\n& 1831u(d)(1). 4 - 6 -\n Moreover, at its branches in N orth Dakota and Minnesota, Moorhead Bank is authorized\nto engage in all activities permissible for national banks. See, e.g., 12 U.S.C. §§ 215a-1 (Riegle-\nNeal merg ers with a resulting national bank occur under the National Bank Consolidation an d\nMerger Act), 215a(e) (the resulting national bank in a merger succeeds to all the rights, franchises\nand interes ts of the merging banks), & 1831u(d)(1) (continued operations at retained interstat e\nbranches). See also 12 U.S.C. § 36(f) (general provisions for host state laws applicable t o\nbranches in the host state of out-of-state national banks).\nIII. ADDITIONAL STATUTORY AND POLICY REVIEWS\nA. The Bank Merger Act.\nThe Bank Merger Act, 12 U.S.C. § 1828(c), r equires the OCC's approval for any merger\nbetween insured banks where the resulting i nstitution will be a national bank. Under the Act, the\nOCC generally may not approve a merger which would substantially lessen competition. I n\naddition, the Act also requires the OCC to take into consideration the financial and manageria l\nresources and future prospe cts of the existing and proposed institutions, and the convenience and\nneeds of the community to be served. For the reasons stated below, we find the Merge r\nApplication may be approved under section 1828(c).\n1. Competitive Analysis\nSince Moorhead Bank and Lisbon Bank are already owned by the same bank holdin g\ncompany, their merger will have no anticompetitive effects.\n2. Financial and managerial resources\nThe financial and managerial resources of both banks are presently satisfactory. Moorhead\nBank expect s to achieve efficiencies by operating the offices in North Dakota as branches rather\nthan as a separate corporate entity. The geographic diversification of its operations will als o\nstrengthen the combined bank . The future prospects of the existing institutions, individually and\ncombined, are favorable. Thus, we find the financial and managerial r esources factor is consistent\nwith approval of the Merger Application.\n3. Convenience and needs\nThe resulting bank will help to meet the convenience and needs of the communities to be\nserved. Moorhead Bank will c ontinue to serve the same areas in Minnesota where it has offices,\nand it will add Lisbon Bank’s offices in North Dakota. Both banks currently offer a full line of\nbanking services, and there will be no reductions in the products or services as a result of th e\nmerger. The combined bank will continue to offer a full line of banking products and services.\nThe bran ches in North Dakota will continue to engage in the same business, serving the sam e\ncommunities, that Lisbon Bank is currently engaged in. - 7 -\nUpon completion of the merger, customers of each bank will have available to them a\ngreater number of branches at which to ba nk. Currently, banking is not as convenient as it could\nbe for customers w ho frequently travel across the state lines or for business customers who have\noperations in more than one state. Following the merger, customers would be dealing with the\nsame bank in the two states and will be able to readily access their accounts with greate r\nconven ience. The merger will permit the resulting bank to better serve its customers and at a\nlower cost. The combined resources, including capital and reserves, of the currently separat e\nbanks will provide a more substantial capital cushion for unexpected losses as well as provid e\nbusiness customers with a higher legal lending limit.\nNo branch c losings are contemplated as a result of this merger since the two banks serve\ndifferent areas. However, as part of its ongoing business plans, Moorhead Bank will evaluate its\nbranches and, as a part of the normal course of business, may close redundant or unprofitabl e\nbranches. Any such closures will be made in acc ordance with applicable statutes and regulations,\nincluding notification of customers of the branc hes, and will consider the needs of the community\naffected. Accordingly, we bel ieve the impact of the merger on the convenience and needs of the\ncommunities to be served is consistent with approval of the Merger Application.\nB. The Community Reinvestment Act\nThe Community Reinvestment Act (\"CRA\") requires the OCC to take into account th e\napplicants' record of helping to meet the credit needs of their entire communities, including low-\nand moderate-income neighborhoods, when evaluating certain applications. See 12 U.S.C .\n§ 2903. Lisb on Bank does not have a current CRA rating from the OCC because it recentl y\nconverted to a national bank. Its predecessor, a state bank, had a satisfactory rating with respect\nto CRA perform ance. Moorhead Bank does not have a current CRA rating because it is a\nrelatively new charter. No public comments were received by the OCC relating to thi s\nApplica tion, and the OCC has no other basis to question the banks' performance in complyin g\nwith the CRA.\nThe merger is not expected to have any adverse effect on the resulting bank's CR A\nperformance. The resulting bank will continue to serve the same communities that the merging\nbanks currently serve. Moorhead Bank will continue its current CRA programs and policies in\nMinneso ta. After Lisbon Bank is merged into Moorhead Bank, its North Dakota offices wil l\nremain open as branc hes of Moorhead Bank. Moorhead Bank will carry forward the same CRA\nprograms and polici es that the bank has today and add other programs it develops. As a general\nmatter, the resulting ban k will have the same commitment to helping meet the credit needs of all\nthe communities it serves as Moorhead Bank and L isbon Bank have today as separate banks. The\nmerger and operation of interstate branches do not alter the resulting bank's obligation to hel p\nmeet the credit n eeds of its communities in both states it serves. We find that approval of th e\nproposed merger is consistent with the Community Reinvestment Act.\nIV. CONCLUSION AND APPROVAL - 8 -\nFor the r easons set forth above, including the representations and commitments made by\nthe applicants, we fi nd that the merger of Moorhead Bank and Lisbon Bank is legally authorized\nas an interstate merger tran saction under the Riegle-Neal Act, 12 U.S.C. §§ 215a-1 & 1831u(a),\nthe resulting bank is authorized to retain and operate the offices of both banks under 12 U.S.C.\n§§ 36(d) & 1831u(d)(1), and that the merger meets the other statutory criteria for approval .\nAccordingly, this Merger Application is hereby approved.\n /s/ 07-21-97 \nSteven J. Weiss Date\nDeputy Comptroller\nBank Organization and Structure\nApplication Control Number: 97-MW-02-0040"
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"pdf_file": "46QMULSFORX2CQ75FYZAEACXSD7AJKPG.pdf",
"text": "Statement of Votes Cast\n2004 Presidential Preference Primary\nOglethorpe County, GA\nMarch 2, 2004\nSOVC For Jurisdiction Wide, All Counters, All RacesDate:03/09/04\nTime:14:30:09\nPage:1 of 4\nJurisdiction Wide\n Beaverdam\n Crawford\n Falling Creek\n Grove Creek\n Glade\n Goosepond\n Lexington\n Pleasant Hill\n Wolfskin\n Woodstock\n Absentee\n Provisional\n TotalReg. \nVotersCards \nCast% \nTurnoutTURN OUT\nReg. \nVotersTotal \nVotesGEORGE W. \nBUSHUS President - REP\n1179 310 26.29% 1179 115 115 100.00%\n1184 236 19.93% 1184 63 63100.00%\n461 126 27.33% 461 41 41100.00%\n315 81 25.71% 315 20 20100.00%\n258 78 30.23% 258 13 13100.00%\n343 99 28.86% 343 35 35100.00%\n1347 306 22.72% 1347 74 74100.00%\n556 131 23.56% 556 46 46100.00%\n478 146 30.54% 478 38 38100.00%\n226 69 30.53% 226 9 9100.00%\n0 72 - 0 29 29100.00%\n0 3 - 0 0 0 -\n6347 1657 26.11% 6347 483 483 100.00% Statement of Votes Cast\n2004 Presidential Preference Primary\nOglethorpe County, GA\nMarch 2, 2004\nSOVC For Jurisdiction Wide, All Counters, All RacesDate:03/09/04\nTime:14:30:09\nPage:2 of 4\nJurisdiction Wide\n Beaverdam\n Crawford\n Falling Creek\n Grove Creek\n Glade\n Goosepond\n Lexington\n Pleasant Hill\n Wolfskin\n Woodstock\n Absentee\n Provisional\n TotalReg. \nVotersTotal \nVotesCAROL \nMOSELEY \nBRAUNWESLEY K. \nCLARKHOWARD DEAN JOHN EDWARDS DICK \nGEPHARDTUS President - DEM\n1179 187 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 6 3.21% 97 51.87% 1 0.53%\n1184 171 2 1.17% 1 0.58% 2 1.17% 88 51.46% 2 1.17%\n461 84 0 0.00% 2 2.38% 1 1.19% 37 44.05% 0 0.00%\n315 59 0 0.00% 1 1.69% 1 1.69% 25 42.37% 0 0.00%\n258 63 0 0.00% 1 1.59% 2 3.17% 29 46.03% 1 1.59%\n343 62 1 1.61% 1 1.61% 1 1.61% 30 48.39% 0 0.00%\n1347 211 2 0.95% 1 0.47% 3 1.42% 99 46.92% 1 0.47%\n556 84 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 2.38% 48 57.14% 0 0.00%\n478 103 2 1.94% 0 0.00% 4 3.88% 54 52.43% 0 0.00%\n226 58 0 0.00% 1 1.72% 1 1.72% 21 36.21% 0 0.00%\n0 42 0 0.00% 2 4.76% 2 4.76% 17 40.48% 0 0.00%\n0 3 0 0.00% 133.33% 0 0.00% 133.33% 0 0.00%\n6347 1127 7 0.62% 11 0.98% 25 2.22% 546 48.45% 5 0.44% Statement of Votes Cast\n2004 Presidential Preference Primary\nOglethorpe County, GA\nMarch 2, 2004\nSOVC For Jurisdiction Wide, All Counters, All RacesDate:03/09/04\nTime:14:30:09\nPage:3 of 4\nJurisdiction Wide\n Beaverdam\n Crawford\n Falling Creek\n Grove Creek\n Glade\n Goosepond\n Lexington\n Pleasant Hill\n Wolfskin\n Woodstock\n Absentee\n Provisional\n TotalJOHN F. KERRY DENNIS J. \nKUCINICHJOE LIEBERMAN AL SHARPTONUS President - DEM\n72 38.50% 5 2.67% 0 0.00% 6 3.21%\n70 40.94% 1 0.58% 0 0.00% 5 2.92%\n39 46.43% 0 0.00% 2 2.38% 3 3.57%\n28 47.46% 0 0.00% 1 1.69% 3 5.08%\n29 46.03% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 1 1.59%\n24 38.71% 2 3.23% 0 0.00% 3 4.84%\n89 42.18% 7 3.32% 0 0.00% 9 4.27%\n25 29.76% 3 3.57% 2 2.38% 4 4.76%\n39 37.86% 1 0.97% 1 0.97% 2 1.94%\n29 50.00% 3 5.17% 0 0.00% 3 5.17%\n19 45.24% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 4.76%\n133.33% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%\n464 41.17% 22 1.95% 6 0.53% 41 3.64% Statement of Votes Cast\n2004 Presidential Preference Primary\nOglethorpe County, GA\nMarch 2, 2004\nSOVC For Jurisdiction Wide, All Counters, All RacesDate:03/09/04\nTime:14:30:09\nPage:4 of 4\nJurisdiction Wide\n Beaverdam\n Crawford\n Falling Creek\n Grove Creek\n Glade\n Goosepond\n Lexington\n Pleasant Hill\n Wolfskin\n Woodstock\n Absentee\n Provisional\n TotalReg. \nVotersTotal \nVotesFlag 2003 Flag 2001State Flag\n1179 304 255 83.88% 49 16.12%\n1184 230 182 79.13% 48 20.87%\n461 124 97 78.23% 27 21.77%\n315 78 59 75.64% 19 24.36%\n258 76 52 68.42% 24 31.58%\n343 98 69 70.41% 29 29.59%\n1347 299 243 81.27% 56 18.73%\n556 128 111 86.72% 17 13.28%\n478 143 122 85.31% 21 14.69%\n226 69 59 85.51% 10 14.49%\n0 70 55 78.57% 15 21.43%\n0 2 2100.00% 0 0.00%\n6347 1621 1306 80.57% 315 19.43%"
} |
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"pdf_file": "PKHUWRXW2J4OR3XS2FZVM57DYSAOZG74.pdf",
"text": " \nORDER DENYING TRUSTEE’S MOTION TO DISMISS ~ Page 1 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 \n6 \n7 \n8 \n9 \n10 \n11 \n12 \n13 \n14 \n15 \n16 \n17 \n18 \n19 \n20 \n \n \n \n \nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT \nEASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON \n \nIn re: \n \nDEBRA KAY HICKS and JAMES \nLLOYD HICKS , \n \n Debtor s. Case No. 14-01533 -FPC13 \nORDER DENYING TRUSTEE’S \nMOTION TO DISMISS \n \nTHIS MATTER came before the court on the Trustee’s Motion to Dismiss for \nFailure to Timely File Documents (ECF No. 31). The court reviewed the files and \nrecords herein, heard argument of counsel, is fully advised in the premises , and \nenters findings of fact and conclusion s of law , and an order . \nFINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW \n1. The d ebtor s filed a chapter 13 bankruptcy petition on April 23, 2 014 \n(ECF No. 1 at pp. 1 -3). \n2. Together with the debtor s’ bankruptcy petition, the debtor s filed \nschedules , a Statement of Financial Affairs , and a Chapter 13 Statement of Current \nMonthly Income (ECF No. 1 at pp. 34, 42 and 60). Each of these documents were \nDated: August 1st, 2014So Ordered.\n14-01533-FPC13 Doc 60 Filed 08/01/14 Entered 08/01/14 13:21:09 Pg 1 of 5 \nORDER DENYING TRUSTEE’S MOTION TO DISMISS ~ Page 2 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 \n6 \n7 \n8 \n9 \n10 \n11 \n12 \n13 \n14 \n15 \n16 \n17 \n18 \n19 \n20 \n verified by the debtors as true and correct in accordan ce with Fed. R. Bankr. P. \n1008. \n3. In the debtor s’ schedules, they verified that both of them were \nunemployed and that Debra Kay Hicks is disabled (ECF No. 1 at p. 30 ). \n4. In the debtor s’ Statement of Financial Affairs, they verified that during \nthe two ye ars prior to filing their bankruptcy petition that the only income they \nreceived “from employment, trade, or profession, or from operation of the debtor’s \nbusiness ” was $7,352.94 that James Lloyd Hicks received from AMR Ambulance \nService in 20 12 (ECF No. 1 at p. 35). \n5. In their Chapter 13 Statement of Current Monthly Income, the debtors \nverified that they received no income from “wages, salary, tips, bonuses, overtime, \n[or] commissions” during the six (6) month period preceding the pe tition date (ECF \nNo. 1 at p. 54). \n6. The debtor s have no payment advices to file because the only income \nthey r eceived from employment, trade, a profession, or the operation of a bus iness \nwas more than sixty (60) days prior to the filing of their bankruptcy petition . \n7. On June 5, 2014, t he Chapter 13 Trustee (the “trustee”) filed a motion \nin which he requested that the court dismiss the debtor s’ bankruptcy case as a result \nof the debtor s’ failure to timely file “Payment Advices and/or Declaration re: Lack \nof Payment Advi ces” (ECF No. 31). The trustee asserted in his motion that the relief \n14-01533-FPC13 Doc 60 Filed 08/01/14 Entered 08/01/14 13:21:09 Pg 2 of 5 \nORDER DENYING TRUSTEE’S MOTION TO DISMISS ~ Page 3 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 \n6 \n7 \n8 \n9 \n10 \n11 \n12 \n13 \n14 \n15 \n16 \n17 \n18 \n19 \n20 \n requested was “ pursuant to FRBP 1007(c) and/or FRBP 3015 and 11 U.S.C. \n§521(a).” \n8. On June 11, 2014, the d ebtor s’ counsel filed an objection to the \ntrustee’s motion to dismiss (ECF No. 36). In the objection the debtor s’ counsel \nstated: \nThe debtor s received no payment advices of the kind described in and \nrequired to be filed under 11 U.S.C. § 521(a). Contrary to the trustee’s \nassertion, there is no requirement that debtors file a declarat ion regarding \nthe lack of such payment advices under the statute, Federal Bankruptcy \nRules, or Local Bankruptcy Rules. \n \n9. The debtor s’ schedules , Statement of Financial Affairs , and Chapter 13 \nStatement of Current Monthly Income each provide statements that are verified \npursuant to Fed. R. Bankr. P. 1008 and provide evidence that there are no payment \nadvices that need to be filed in this case. \n10. On June 18, 2014, the trustee filed a response to the debtor s’ objection \n(ECF No. 4 1). In the response, the trustee cited 11 U.S.C. § 521(a)(1)(B)(iv) for the \nproposition that the debtors are required to file copies of payment advices; however, \nthe trustee cited no c ode section, rule, or other authority for the proposition that a \ndebtor is req uired to file a declaration where there are no payment advices available \nfor filing. \n11. On June 24, 2014, the trustee filed a report that there were no objections \nto confirmation of the debtor s’ chapter 13 plan, and in that report the trus tee \n14-01533-FPC13 Doc 60 Filed 08/01/14 Entered 08/01/14 13:21:09 Pg 3 of 5 \nORDER DENYING TRUSTEE’S MOTION TO DISMISS ~ Page 4 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 \n6 \n7 \n8 \n9 \n10 \n11 \n12 \n13 \n14 \n15 \n16 \n17 \n18 \n19 \n20 \n recommended that the debtor s’ plan be confirmed because it satisfies the \nrequirements of the Bankruptcy Code (ECF No. 4 5). \n12. On June 25, 2014 , the debtor s’ plan was confirmed (ECF No. 51). \n 13. On July 28, 2014, the trustee filed a supplemental reply in support of \nhis motion to dismiss the debtor s’ case (ECF No. 5 5). In the supplemental reply, the \ntrustee asserted for the first time that the debtor s are required by Fed. R. Bankr. P. \n4002(b)(2) to provide a written statement that payment advices do not exist or are \nnot in the debtor s’ possession. \n 14. In the supplemental reply, the trustee quotes the Advisory Committee \nNotes to the 2008 amendments to Fed. R. Bankr. P. 4002(b)(2) to support the \nassertion that debtors are required to cooperate and provide the requested \ndocuments; however, the quoted paragraph also provide s: \nSubdivision (b)(2) does not require that the debtor create documents or \nobtain documents from third parties; rather, the debtor's obligation is to \nbring to the m eeting of creditors under §341 the documents which the \ndebtor possesses. \n \n \n 15. The continuation of the trustee’s effort to dismiss the debtor s’ case is \ninconsistent with the trustee’s recommendation that the debtor s’ plan be confirmed.\n 16. The debtor s have satisfied all of their reporting obligations with respect \nto payment advices. \n \n14-01533-FPC13 Doc 60 Filed 08/01/14 Entered 08/01/14 13:21:09 Pg 4 of 5 \nORDER DENYING TRUSTEE’S MOTION TO DISMISS ~ Page 5 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 \n6 \n7 \n8 \n9 \n10 \n11 \n12 \n13 \n14 \n15 \n16 \n17 \n18 \n19 \n20 \n ORDER \n Based on the foregoing findings of fact and conclusion s of law, the trustee’s \nmotion to dismiss is DENIED . \n///END OF ORDER/// \n14-01533-FPC13 Doc 60 Filed 08/01/14 Entered 08/01/14 13:21:09 Pg 5 of 5"
} |
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"pdf_file": "QIYEVQGJUXO4R45CCFYLL65JS6FERSNA.pdf",
"text": "Page 1CUMULATIVE RULEMAKING INDEX OF\nIDAHO ADMINISTRATIVE RULES\nIdaho Department of Administration\nOffice of the Administrative Rules Coordinator\nJuly 1, 1993 to Present\nIDAPA 38 -- IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION\n38.01.01, ( Chapter Repealed ) Other Contested Cases or Adversary Hearings Before the Department of Administration\n38-0101-0701 Temporary and Proposed Rulemaking (Chapter Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 07-10 (eff. 9-1-07)T\n38-0101-0701 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 07-12 (eff. *PLR 2008)\n38-0101-0701 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule (Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 08-5 (eff. 4-2-08)\n38.01.02, ( Chapter Repealed ) Rules for Hearing Procedure for Division of Purchasing Specification Challenges and Rules \nfor Non-Adversary Contested Case Hearings\n38-0102-0701 Temporary and Proposed Rulemaking (Chapter Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 07-10 (eff. 9-1-07)T\n38-0102-0701 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 07-12 (eff. *PLR 2008)\n38-0102-0701 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule (Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 08-5 (eff. 4-2-08)\n38.01.03, ( Chapter Repealed ) Rules Governing Practice and Procedure for Public Hearings Before the Department of Administration\n38-0103-0701 Temporary and Proposed Rulemaking (Chapter Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 07-10 (eff. 9-1-07)T\n38-0103-0701 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 07-12 (eff. *PLR 2008)\n38-0103-0701 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule (Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 08-5 (eff. 4-2-08)\n38.03.01, Rules Governing Group Insurance\n38-0301-0901 Proposed Rulemaking (New Chapter), Bulletin Vol. 09-10\n38-0301-0901 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 09-12 (eff. *PLR 2010)\n38-0301-0901 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule, Bulletin Vol. 10-5 (eff. 3-29-10)\n38-0301-1101 Temporary and Proposed Rulemaking, Bulletin V ol. 11-9 (eff. 7-1-11)T\n38-0301-1101 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 12-1 (eff. *PLR 2012)\n38-0301-1101 Notice of Final Rule - Agency Filing - Partial Rejection of Rulemaking by SCR 119, Bulletin Vol. 12-5\n38-0301-1101 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Partial Rejection of Rulemaking by SCR 119, Bulletin V ol. 12-5 (eff. 3-21-12)\n38.04.04, ( Chapter Repealed ) Division of Public Works Bureau of Building Services Capitol Mall Parking Rules\n38-0404-9701 Proposed Rulemaking (Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 97-10\n38-0404-9701 Adoption of Pending Rule (Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 98-1\n38-0404-9701 Final Rule - SCR 132 (Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 98-5 (eff. 7-1-98)\n38.04.04 , Rules Governing Capitol Mall Parking\n38-0404-9702 Proposed Rulemaking (Rewrite), Bulletin V ol. 97-10\n38-0404-9702 Adoption of Pending Rule (Rewrite), Bulletin Vol. 98-1\n38-0404-9702 Correction to Pending Rule, Bulletin V ol. 98-2 \n38-0404-9702 Final Rule - SCR 132 (Rewrite), Bulletin Vol. 98-5 (eff. 7-1-98)\n38-0404-9801 Temporary and Proposed Rulemaking, Bulletin V ol. 98-8 (eff. 7-1-98)T\n38-0404-9801 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 98-12\n38-0404-9801 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule, Bulletin Vol. 99-5 (eff. 7-1-99)\n38-0404-0901 Proposed Rulemaking (Chapter Repeal), Bulletin V ol. 09-10\n38-0404-0902 Proposed Rulemaking (Chapter Rewrite - Fee Rule), Bulletin V ol. 09-10\n38-0404-0901 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 09-12 (eff. *PLR 2010)\n38-0404-0902 Adoption of Pending Fee Rule, Bulletin V ol. 09-12 (eff. *PLR 2010)\n38-0404-0901 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule (Chapter Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 10-5 (eff. 3-29-10)\n38-0404-0902 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Fee Rule by SCR 125, Bulletin V ol. 10-5 (eff. 3-29-10) OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE RULES Cumulative Rulemaking Index\nIDAPA 38\nPage 238.04.05 , Rules Governing The Management of State-Owned Dwellings\n38-0405-9701 Proposed Rulemaking, Bulletin V ol. 97-9\n38-0405-9701 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 98-1\n38-0405-9701 Final Rule, Bulletin Vol. 98-5 (eff. 7-1-98)\n38.04.06 , (Chapter Repealed) Rules Governing Prequalification of Contractors on Capitol Building Projects\n38-0406-0601 Temporary and Proposed Rulemaking, Bulletin Vol. 06-8 (eff. 7-1-06)T\n38-0406-0601 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 06-12 (eff. *PLR 2007)\n38-0406-0601 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule, Bulletin Vol. 07-5 (eff. 3-30-07)\n38-0406-1101 Proposed Rulemaking (Chapter Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 11-9\n38-0406-1101 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 12-1 (eff. *PLR 2012)\n38-0406-1101 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule, Bulletin Vol. 12-5 (eff. 3-29-12)\n38.04.06 , Rules Governing Use of the Exterior of State Property in the Capitol Mall and Other State Facilities\n38-0406-1201 Temporary Rulemaking (New Chapter), Bulletin V ol. 12-5 (eff. 4-17-12)T\n38-0406-1201 Amendment to Temporary Rulemaking, Bulletin V ol. 12-6 (eff. 5-14-12)T\n38.04.0 7, Rules Governing Use of the Interior of State Property in the Capitol Mall and Other State Facilities\n38-0407-1201 Temporary Rulemaking (New Chapter), Bulletin V ol. 12-5 (eff. 4-19-12)T\n38.04.08 , Rules Governing Use of Idaho State Capitol Exterior\n38-0408-1201 Temporary Rulemaking (New Chapter), Bulletin V ol. 12-5 (eff. 4-17-12)T\n38-0408-1201 Amendment to Temporary Rulemaking, Bulletin V ol. 12-6 (eff. 5-14-12)T\n38.05.01 , Rules of the Division of Purchasing\n38-0501-9601 Proposed Rulemaking, Bulletin V ol. 96-8\n38-0501-9601 Pending and Temporary Rule, Bulletin Vol. 96-10 (eff. 9-1-96)T\n38-0501-9601 Final Rule, Bulletin Vol. 97-5 (eff. 3-20-97)\n38-0501-9801 Temporary and Proposed Rulemaking, Bulletin V ol. 98-11 (eff. 10-1-98)T\n38-0501-9801 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 99-8 \n38-0501-9801 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule, Bulletin Vol. 00-5 (eff. 4-5-00)\n38-0501-0101 Temporary and Proposed Rulemaking, Bulletin V ol. 01-7 (eff. 7-1-01)T\n38-0501-0102 Temporary and Proposed Rulemaking (Rewrite), Bulletin V ol. 01-7 (eff. 7-1-01)T\n38-0501-0101 Adoption of Pending Rule (Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 01-10 \n38-0501-0102 Adoption of Pending Rule (Rewrite), Bulletin Vol. 01-10 \n38-0501-0101 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule (Chapter Repeal), Bulletin Vol. 02-5 (eff. 3-15-02)\n38-0501-0102 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule (Chapter Rewrite), Bulletin Vol. 02-5 (eff. 3-15-02)\n38-0501-0701 Temporary and Proposed Rulemaking, Bulletin V ol. 07-10 (eff. 9-1-07)T\n38-0501-0701 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 07-12 (eff. *PLR 2008)\n38-0501-0701 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule, Bulletin Vol. 08-5 (eff. 4-2-08)\n38-0501-1001 Proposed Rulemaking, Bulletin V ol. 10-10\n38-0501-1001 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 10-12 (eff. *PLR 2011)\n38-0501-1001 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule, Bulletin Vol. 11-5 (eff. 4-7-11)\n38.05.02 , Rules Governing Contested Case Hearings on Bid Appeals at the Division of Purchasing \n38-0502-0701 Temporary and Proposed Rulemaking (New Chapter), Bulletin Vol. 07-10 (eff. 9-1-07)T\n38-0502-0701 Adoption of Pending Rule, Bulletin Vol. 07-12 (eff. *PLR 2008)\n38-0502-0701 OAR Omnibus Rulemaking Notice - Approval of Final Rule, Bulletin Vol. 08-5 (eff. 4-2-08)"
} |
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"pdf_file": "BUOCBC3OD52VNUONIT3IABQGK3JDIXB4.pdf",
"text": "UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT\nSOUTHERN DISTRICT OF MISSISSIPPI\nIN RE:\nDOUGLAS WADE EDWARDS, CASE NO. 10-51913-NPO\nDEBTOR. CHAPTER 13\nMEMORANDUM OPINION \nOVERRULING OBJECTION TO PROOF OF CLAIM\nOn January 10, 2011, this Court conducted a h earing (the “Hearing”) on the Objection to\nProof of Claim (the “Objection”) (Dkt. No. 23) f iled by Douglas Wade Edwards (the “Debtor”), and\nthe Response to Objection to Secured Claim (t he “Response”) (Dkt. No. 26) filed by Clay Young\n(“Clay Young”) in the above-referenced chapter 13 proceeding. At the Hearing, J. Thomas Ashrepresented the Debtor, and J. Tyler McCaughn re presented Clay Young. For the following reasons,\nthe Court finds that the Objection should be overruled and the secured claim allowed.\n1\nJurisdiction\nThis Court has jurisdiction of the subject ma tter and the parties to the proceeding pursuant\nto 28 U.S.C. § 1334. This is a core proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a)(2)(A) and (B).\nFacts\nAttorneys for the Debtor and Clay Young stipulated at the Hearing to the following facts:\n1. Clay Young, as an accommodation party, co-s igned a note with the Debtor to Pikco\nFinance (“Pikco”) for the financing of a vehicle for the Debtor;\n2. The Debtor filed his voluntary petition unde r chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code on\nAugust 19, 2010;\n1 The following constitutes the findings of fact and the conclusions of law of the Court\npursuant to Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure 7052 and 9014.\nPage 1 of 3 3. Clay Young satisfied the debt in full by paying Pikco $4,400;\n4. Clay Young filed his Proof of Claim on September 10, 2010, claiming to be a secured\ncreditor in the amount of $4,400; and\n5. The Debtor filed his Objection on November 11, 2010.\nIssue\nThe issue, which appears to be an issue of firs t impression before this Court, is whether Clay\nYoung’s Proof of Claim should be allowed as a secured claim.\nDiscussion\nMiss. Code Ann. § 75-3-419 (Rev. 2010) govern s instruments signed for accommodation in\nMississippi. Pertinent subsections of § 75-3-419 provide as follows:\n(a) If an instrument is issued for valu e given for the benefit of a party to the\ninstrument (“accommodated party”) and another party to the instrument(“accommodation party”) signs the instrument for the purpose of incurring liabilityon the instrument without being a direct beneficiary of the value given for theinstrument, the instrument is signed by the accommodation party “foraccommodation.”\n. . . (f) An accommodation party who pays the instrument is entitled to reimbursement\nfrom the accommodated party and is entitled to enforce the instrument against theaccommodated party. In proper circumst ances, an accommodation party may obtain\nrelief that requires the accommodated party to perform its obligations on theinstrument. An accommodated party who pays the instrument has no right ofrecourse against, and is not entitled to contribution from, an accommodation party.\nThe Mississippi Supreme Court dealt with an accommodation party’s right of subrogation\nin Murray v. Payne\n, 437 So. 2d 47 (Miss. 1983). In Murray , the appellees were sureties on a note,\nand as such, were accommodation parties. Id. at 52. The Mississippi Supreme Court held that, “[an\nPage 2 of 3 accommodation party’s] right of subrogation, recognized by the above statute,2 is his equitable right\nto assert the rights of the creditor against the de btor. Upon payment, the [accommodation party] is\nsaid to “stand in the shoes” of the creditor.” Id. The Murray court further held that, “[n]ot only is\nthe accommodation party en titled to sue the maker of a note to recover the amount that the\naccommodation party ends up paying, but he is also entitl ed to any collateral securing the note.” \nId. Hence, if the original creditor is a secu red creditor, upon payment of the obligation, the\naccommodation party steps into the position of the original creditor as a secured creditor.\nIn this case, the Debtor signed a note with Pikco to finance a vehicle. Clay Young signed\nthe note as an accommodation party. When the Debtor defaulted on payments to Pikco, Clay Young paid Pikco $4,400 to satisfy the debt. Under Miss. Code Ann. § 75-3- 419 (Rev. 2010) and the\nreasoning in Murray\n, Clay Young “stands in the shoes” of Pikco as a secured creditor.3\nConclusion \nFor the foregoing reasons, the Court finds th at Clay Young, as an accommodation party to\nthe note and having satisfied the debt, is a secure d creditor. Accordingly, the Objection should be\noverruled. A separate order consistent with this Memorandum Opinion will be entered by the Court\nin accordance with Fed. R. Bankr. P. 7054, 9014, and 9021.\nDated this the 18th day of January, 2011. \n/ s / Neil P. Olack \nNEIL P. OLACK\nU. S. BANKRUPTCY JUDGE \n2 At the time the Murray opinion was written in 1983, the applicable statute was Miss.\nCode Ann. § 75-3-415 (Supp. 1982). The applicable statute is now Miss. Code Ann. § 75-3-419\n(Rev. 2010) (giving the accommodation party additional rights).\n3 Since no other issue was raised as to Clay Young’s secured claim, and since this chapter\n13 plan proposes to pay all creditors 100%, the Court declines to opine as to the extent to whichClay Young’s claim is secured. \nPage 3 of 3"
} |
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"pdf_file": "RGLIJBRXUUTOHN6QMS3KQSBFNPXYSYQ2.pdf",
"text": "Pence On \"Hannity's America,\" Discusses ACORN and Future of GOP\nCongressman Pence, in a rare in-studio appearance, was on the FOX News program \" Hannity\n's America\n\" to discuss ACORN and the future of the Republican Party:\n \n \nOn ACORN :\n \nHANNITY: First of all, you know, Obama also - we forget this part of the story. He gave\n$800,000 for the Get Out the Vote effort by ACORN. He was the lawyer for ACORN.\n \nPENCE: Right.\n \nHANNITY: You know, he wouldn't commit for cutting off funding for ACORN, even the House\nand Senate did both those things. You think they'll still try to backdoor money for them?\n \nPENCE: Well, I think that's a genuine concern that many of us have particularly after the\npresident about a week ago said that he wasn't aware that ACORN was receiving a large\namount of federal money and given.\n \nHANNITY: Tens of millions.\n \n 1 / 4 Pence On \"Hannity's America,\" Discusses ACORN and Future of GOP\nPENCE: And given the president's background in organization supported by ACORN that was a\nlittle bit hard to take, to say the least. Look the American people recognize this is a discredited\norganization. It is, as House Republicans produced in our report last summer, it is what\namounts in many respects to a criminal conspiracy using federal tax dollars to engage in direct\nelection hearing and other activities, and it needs to be defunded.\n \nI was encouraged to even see Barney Frank, one of the historic defenders of ACORN, last\nweek say they don't deserve another penny. And I think.\n \nHANNITY: Well, they've gotten tens of millions. They earmarked the stimulus that the president\nsigned, how much were they scheduled there, because I read anywhere between $4 and $8.5\nbillion.\n \nPENCE: Right. But it's also important to remember, Barney Frank's departure from ACORN is\nimportant. Back when I was chairman of the House conservative caucus, Barney Frank was\ntrying to get, I think, back in 2006 a piece of what was called the affordable housing fund.\n \nHe was trying to get a big chunk of that slush fund which would have been literally hundreds of\nmillions of dollars that could have flowed into ACORN. So this has been one of ACORN's\nstrongest allies.\n \nHANNITY: Right.\n \nPENCE: For him to say it's time to cut off the funding, I think suggests t he American people\nhave had it.\n \nOn The GOP :\n \nHANNITY: Let me move on to another topic because you're viewed as one of the real\n 2 / 4 Pence On \"Hannity's America,\" Discusses ACORN and Future of GOP\nup-and-coming conservative leaders in the House. Let's just step back a little bit. Leading into\nthe 2006, 2008 elections there were conservatives like me that felt the Republican Party had\nabandoned some of their conservative values. Was that true?\n \nPENCE: I think it was true. I think we didn't just lose our majority in 2006. I think we lost our\nway. We walked away from the principles of limited government, fiscal discipline and reform that\nminted our national governing majority in 1980 and in 1994, and the American people walked\naway from us.\n *** \nHANNITY: What do you think the Republicans should do if they want to regain control of the\nHouse and get rid of Nancy Pelosi?\n \nPENCE: The first thing we need to do is - you know, Winston Churchill said the purpose of the\nopposition is to oppose every time principle demands, and you've seen Republicans since the\nfirst of this year, every single House Republican voted against the so-called stimulus bill. Every\nsingle House Republican voted against the president's budget.\n \nAlmost all of us oppose the cap-and-trade bill, and I think every single House Republican is\ngoing to vote against this health care bill. So I think, first, we've got to provide that opposition to\nthese government takeovers, to the borrowing and spending and bailout that's driving people to\ntown hall meetings and drove over a million people here to Washington, D.C.\n \nBut, secondly, after you oppose you do have to propose. And I will assure you people go to\nGOP.gov, they can see the solutions that have been developed on all the issues I just\nmentioned, but come next year, just watch. House Republicans are going to steal a playbook\nfrom the past and offer the American people a bright line contrast of agendas with the big\ngovernment liberalism of this administration.\n ***\n \nPENCE: [T]he point is. Republicans have to offer the American people a choice, not an echo\nnext year, and I believe we will. But right now, I want to tell you, you said something a little bit\nearlier. You said that we'd see these elections in Virginia that might go the Republicans' way,\nand New Jersey the same, and then health care.\n 3 / 4 Pence On \"Hannity's America,\" Discusses ACORN and Future of GOP\n \nStay tuned, Sean. The word we're getting on Capitol Hill is that Democrats would like to send\nthis massive government takeover of health care to the president's desk even before those\nelections. And Americans who are looking in tonight ought to be aware now is not the time to\ncome off the accelerator, we need to stay engaged.\n \n 4 / 4"
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] | {
"pdf_file": "JK2YPIFXKSDZRYNRSQVRHZWJNANASI6J.pdf",
"text": " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n BENEFIT-C OST ANALYSIS TOOLKIT V5.1 SYSTEM REQUIRE MENTS \nYou need to have full local administrative rights on the computer on which you will install the \nsoftware, or have someone who has adequate rights perform the installation for you. \nAdditionally, manually perform a Microsoft (MS) Windows update to ensure that you have latest \nservice packs and security patches prior to performing the installation. \nThe following are the minimum system requirements to run the BCA software successfully: \nProcessor \n32-B it Systems: 1 -Gigahertz (GHz) or faster processor recommended. \n64-Bit Systems: 2 -GHz or faster processor recommended. \nFramework \nIf the following items are not already installed, the BCA installation program will attempt to install \nthem. \nMicrosoft .NET Framework 2.0 and 3.5 \nSQL Server Express 2008 \nOperating Systems \nWindows XP with Service Pack 2 or later Vista (32 -bit or 64 -bit) with Service Pack 2 or later \nWindows 7 (32- bit or 64- bit) with Service Pack 1 or later \nWindows 8 with Service Pack 1 or later \nWind ows 8.1 \nMemory \n1 gigabyte (GB) minimum; 2 or more GBs recommended. \nHard Disk \nApproximately 2 GB of available hard- disk space for the recommended installation. \nDisplay \nSuper VGA (1,024x768 pixels) or higher -resolution video adapter and monitor. \nOther Requirements \n1. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 Service Pack 1 or later. \n2. PDF reader, such as Adobe Reader 7.0 or later. \n3. An unzip utility. "
} |
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"pdf_file": "4F6ZJS2JPBXSPZK5FG5NMTRHS6NMWKOJ.pdf",
"text": "I I \nTHE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY NEW YORK 10021-6399 1 "
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "SQZPZ43CVWYDLJLFW4PW6MK5DXPWKUKL.pdf",
"text": "Court Closure: Half Day Friday\nPublished on District of Utah (https://www.utb.uscourts.gov) \nThe Court will be closed for a staff meeting at noon on Friday, Aug 28th, 2015 and will remain closed for\nthe rest of the day. We'll be back in the office on Monday, Aug 31st, 2015.\nPublished: Monday, August 24, 2015 - 12:28\n \n \n Source URL: https://www.utb.uscourts.gov/news/court-closure-half-day-friday?page=2 \nPage 1 of 1"
} |
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"pdf_file": "UYH346BTJFOKSLYYXQBAVLVHBEJPYXZ5.pdf",
"text": "FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS \nACQUISITION WORKFORCE WORKING GROUP \n \n[As revised and provisionally adopted by the Acquisition Advisory Panel] \n \nFINDINGS \n \nFinding #1: \n \nThe federal acquisition workforce is an essential key to succe ss in achieving the government’s \nmissions. Procurement is an increasingly central part of the government’s activities. Without a \nworkforce that is qualitatively and quantitati vely adequate and adap ted to its mission the \nprocurement reforms of the last decade cannot ach ieve their potential, and successful federal \nprocurement cannot be achieved. \n \nFinding #2: \n \n• Demands on the federal acquisition work force have grown substantially: \n \n Finding #2-1: \n \n• The dollar volume of federal government procurement has increased \ndramatically since 9/11/2001. Procurement obligations have increased 60% in the last five years. \n \n Finding #2-2: \n \n• In the last twelve years the qualitative nature of the procurement activity has \nalso changed, placing markedly greater demands on the Acquisition \nWorkforce for capability, trai ning, time, and sophistication. \n \n Finding #2-2-1: \n• There has been a pronounced shift from acquisition of goods to \nacquisition of services. Service c ontracting places additional demands \non the acquisition workforce, both in the requirements definition and \ncontract formation process, particul arly in the realm of performance-\nbased service acquisition, but also on the contract management side. \n \n Finding #2-2-2: \n• There has been a dramatic shift of federal procurement dollars to the \nfederal supply schedules and other forms of interagency contracting. Although this is often perceived, corr ectly, as part of the solution to \nthe government’s procurement problems and its acquisition workforce shortcomings, it also opens the door to certain problems: \n– Heavy reliance on the schedules an d other forms of interagency \ncontracting can alleviate the burdens on understaffed agencies \ninsofar as “getting to the in itial award,” but too often \n 1 contributes to subsequent problems that arise when ordering \nagencies fail to define their re quirements adequately, fail to use \nthese vehicles appropriately, fail to secure competition in using \nthese vehicles, or fail to mana ge contract performance under \nthese vehicles. Some of these problems are more acute with respect to assisting entities as opposed to direct ordering vehicles. \n \n Finding #2-3: \n \n• Many transactions have been simplifie d by the federal acquisition reforms of \nthe last decade. This is particular ly true of the purchase card and the \nsimplified acquisition thres hold. These simplified tran sactions represent the \noverwhelming bulk of procurement tr ansactions if we simply count \ntransactions. However, even the simp lified purchase card transactions have a \nmore complex impact on the acquisition workforce than was initially appreciated, because of the need to institute and maintain appropriate \npurchase card management and controls. \n \n Finding #2-4: \n \n• But the remaining share of procurement –outside the ambit of simplified procedures-- is the portion that actually requires mo st of our attention going \nforward. For this critical share of th e government’s procurement activity, the \ndemands of procurement on the acquisition workforce have grown dramatically. The changes in our procurement system that produce these \ndemands may be desirable, but they are not cost-free. \n \n Finding #2-4-1: \n• Procurement outside the simplified re gimes is characterized by use of \nbest value procurement procedures, which substantially increase the \ncomplexity of procurement a nd the demands on the acquisition \nworkforce as compared with procurement on the basis of lowest price. \n \n Finding #2-4-2: \n• Procurement outside the simplified re gimes is subject to requirements \nof past performance evaluation which substantially increase the \nburdens of procurement on the acquisition workforce. \n \n Finding #2-4-3 \n• A substantial share of procurement outside the simplified regimes is \nperformance-based services acquisi tion, which dramatically increases \nthe complexity and burden of demands imposed on the federal \nacquisition workforce. \n \nFinding #2-4-3 \n 2 • A substantial share of procurement outside the simplified regimes is \nperformance-based services acquisi tion, which dramatically increases \nthe complexity and burden of demands imposed on the federal \nacquisition workforce. \n \nFinding #3: \n \nEven though there are now ava ilable a variety of simplifie d acquisition techniques, the \ncomplexity of the federal acquisition system as a whole has markedly increased since the 1980s. \n- Procurement reforms designed to accelerate mission accomplishment nonetheless burden \nthe acquisition workforce, which needs to c hoose among available techniques. There are \ndifficult decisions to about when to use which approach. \n- The acquisition workforce also needs to be equipped to exercise discretion in \n choosing the appropriate pr ocedure for procurement. \n- While some procurement functions can be performed satisfactorily by personnel with \nmastery only over the simplified techniques, more complex federal acquisitions demand procurement personnel with mastery of the range of procurement techniques. Thus the \ncomplexity of the acquisition system, taken as a whole, has become a major challenge to \nthe acquisition workforce. \n \nFinding #4: \n \nThere are substantial problems with the data that are available on the federal acquisition \nworkforce. \n \n Finding #4-1: \n \n• Data has not been collected in a consiste nt fashion from year to year or across \nagencies \n \n Finding #4-2: \n \n• The acquisition workforce has been de fined differently for DoD and for \ncivilian agencies over the period of the acquisition reforms and the acquisition \nworkforce cutbacks that have occurred in the last 15 years. \n \n \nFinding #4-3: \n \n• A significant policy issue is presented as to how broadly to define the \ncomposition of the acquisition workforce—whether to include all of the functions that complement or support the acquisition function? A broad definition is more consistent with modern understanding and commercial \npractices regarding the acquisition fu nction, but risks overstating acquisition \nworkforce resources. \n \n 3 Finding #5: \n \nThe Federal Government does not have the cap acity in its current acquisition workforce \nnecessary to meet the demands that have been placed on it. Because of the absence of human \ncapital planning to date, the Pane l cannot definitively conclude wh ether this is the result of a \nnumbers problem, but has received testimony rais ing serious concerns about the number, skill \nsets, deployment, and role in the acquisi tion process of the acquisition workforce. \n- There were substantial reductions in the acq uisition workforce during the decade of the \n1990s. \n- One result of this is that hiring of new acquisition professionals virtually ceased during \nthis time period. \n \n Finding #5.1: \n \n• There were cuts in some agency training budgets in the 1990’s that meant the existing workforce was not trained to adapt to the increasingly complex and demanding environment in which th ey were called upon to function. \n• Despite recent efforts to devote more attention and funding to workforce \ntraining, in many agencies these efforts do not appear to meet the existing and \nfuture needs for a trained acquisition workforce \n• Since 1999 the size of the acquisition workforce has remained relatively \nstable, while the volume and comple xity of federal contracting has \nmushroomed. \n \n Finding #5-2: \n \n• The drought in hiring, the inadequacy of training in some agencies, and the \nincreased demand for contracting have t ogether created a situation in which \nthere is not, in the pipeline, a su fficient cadre of mature acquisition \nprofessionals who have the skills and th e training to assume responsibility for \nprocurement in today’s demanding environment. \n \n- Frequently described as a “bathtub” si tuation, there appears to be an acute \nshortage of procurement personnel with between 5 and 15 years of \nexperience. \n- Moreover, the relative sufficiency of the senior end of the acquisition \nworkforce, is seriously threatened by retirements. \n- A key challenge, accordingly, is to retain a high proportion of the senior workforce while development of the mid-level workforce goes forward. \n- There is strong competition for a limited and shrinking pool of trained and skilled procurement professionals within the federal government. \n- This imbalance between supply and demand is exacerbated by the strong competition that the private sector offers the government in trying to recruit the shrinking pool of talented procurement professionals. The \ngovernment is losing this competition. \n 4 - On the other hand, at least in major metropolitan areas, the government \nhas not been able to compete very succe ssfully for the services of talented \nprocurement professionals who have been working within the private \nsector. The government does not have a salary structure and career \nladders that are likely to attract experienced procurement professionals \nfrom the private sectors. \n- The slowness of the government’s hiri ng process has also been an obstacle \nto hiring talented people for the acquisition workforce. \n \n \nFinding #5-3: \n \n• A widely noted result of the inad equacy of Acquisition Workforce \npersonnel resources to meet the de mands of procurement government-\nwide is that scarce resources have be en skewed toward contract formation \nand away from contract management. \n \nFinding #5-4: \n \n• The Panel concludes that one importa nt way to improve retention of \nqualified personnel within the federal acquisition workforce is to expand \nopportunities for such personnel to secure advancement by moving to \ndifferent organizations within the federal government. \n \n Finding #5-5: \n \n• Inadequacy in the acquisition workfor ce is, ultimately, “penny wise and \npound foolish,” as it seriously undermines the pursuit of good value for the expenditure of public resources. \n \nFinding #6: \n \nMost federal agencies have not engaged systematically in human capital planning for the federal acquisition workforce. Few agencies have system atically assessed their acquisition workforce in \nthe present or for the future. \n \nFinding #7: \n \nDespite the variations in the way the acquisiti on workforce has been defined and counted over \ntime and among agencies, no one is counting contract or personnel that are used to assist, support \nand augment the Acquisition Workforce. Thus we l ack accurate information about the extent to \nwhich acquisition functions have been and are being carried out with the assi stance of contractor \npersonnel. \n \n 5 - Evidence before the panel and the experien ce of panel members nonetheless makes clear \nthat many agencies make substantial use of contractor resources to carry out their \nacquisition functions. \n- We also lack information with which to determine whether reliance on contractor \npersonnel is saving money. \n \nFinding #8: \n \nUse of contractor support for acquisition activitie s may be appropriate, but careful attention must \nbe paid to the potential for or ganizational conflicts of interest that may be engendered by this \npractice. \n \n Finding #9-1 \n \n• Testimony before the Acquisition Advi sory Panel by leaders of private \nsector organizations indicates th at sophisticated private sector \norganizations employ a corps of highl y sophisticated, highly credentialed \nand highly trained business managers to carry out the sourcing, \nprocurement and contract management functions that they undertake. \n \n Finding #9-2: \n \n• The government lacks comparable res ources for these functions. If we \nexpect the government to take adva ntage of the practices of successful \ncommercial organizations, we need to close this gap by recruiting, training \nand retaining sufficient procuremen t professionals with appropriate \ncapability. \n- For successful modern businesses, th e acquisition function is regarded \nas a key contributor to the bottom line. Investment in a state-of-the-art \nacquisition workforce is essential to profitability. \n- Similarly, investment in a quality federal acquisition workforce is \ncritical to mission success and obtaining best value for the expenditure of public resources. \n \n \nFinding #10: \n \nThe pace of acquisition reform initiatives has outs tripped the ability of the federal acquisition \nworkforce to assimilate and master their requireme nts so as to implement these initiatives in an \noptimal fashion. An important objective of Acqui sition Workforce initiatives should be to allow \nthe Workforce to catch up with the last twelve years of acquisition reform , as well as to meet \nadditional demands that will be imposed by the recommendations of this panel on non-workforce \ntopics. \n \n- Insisting that the acquisition workforce be en abled to catch up with the demands of the \nprocurement workload and the transformed demands of procurement reform is not hostile \n 6 to the cause of procurement reform. Rather , it is an essential step in attempting \nconsistently to achieve good value for the expenditure of public resources. \n- Investment in the acquisition workforce should therefore yield an extremely rewarding \nreturn on that investment. \n \nRECOMMENDTIONS \n \nRecommendation #1-1: Data Collection and Workforce Definition \n \n• OFPP needs to ensure, going forward, that co nsistent and sensible definitions of the \nacquisition workforce are in place, and that accu rate data is consistently collected about \nall of the relevant categories, from y ear to year and across all agencies. \n• Data should be collected both about the narrow contracting sp ecialties (along the lines of \nthe current FAI count) and about the broade r acquisition-related workforce (along the \nlines of the current DoD AT&L workforce count methodology). \n \nRecommendation #1-2: Data Collection and Workforce Definition \n \n• The Office of Federal Procurement Policy shou ld prescribe a consistent definition and a \nmethod for measuring the Acquisition Workforce of both civilian and military agencies. \n• Definitions and measures should be complete d by OFPP within 1 year from the date of \nthis report. \n \nRecommendation #1-3: Acquisition Workforce Database [Tabled] \n \n• OFPP should find a means of consistently m easuring the contribution of contractor \npersonnel to the work of acquisition. [TABLED – to be considered by the Appropriate \nRole of Contractors Supporting the Government Working Group in its discussion of \npersonal services contracts ] \n \nRecommendation #1.4: Acquisition Workforce Database \n \n• Consistent with recommendations 1-1 and 1-2, OFPP should be responsible for the \ncreation, implementation, and maintenance of a mandatory si ngle government-wide \ndatabase for members of the Acquisition Workforce \n– The database should reflect the following purpose and elements: \n• Purpose: To provide information to support effective human capital \nmanagement of the acquisition workforce \n• Elements should include: employment experience, education, training, \ncertifications, grade, pay, career se ries, and retirement eligibility. \n \n Recommendation #2-1: Human Capital Plan ning for the Acquisition Workforce \n \n• In each agency, as part of the overall agen cy Human Capital Management Plan, the Chief \nAcquisition Officer should be responsible for creating and implementing a distinct \n 7 Acquisition Workforce Human Cap ital Strategic Plan designed to assess and meet the \nagency’s needs for acquisition workforce. \n \n \n Recommendation #2-2: Human Capital Pl anning for the Acquisition Workforce \n \n• Agency CAOs should be responsible for measur ing and predicting, to the extent possible, \nthe agency’s needs for procurement personnel. \n \nRecommendation #2-3: Human Capital Pl anning for the Acquisition Workforce \n \n• It is not sufficient simply to try to retain and manage existing personnel resources. \nResources needed must be identified and ga ps between needed resources and available \nresources must be forthr ightly acknowledged. \n \nRecommendation #2-4: Human Capital Plan ning for the Acquisition Workforce \n \n• Assessment of the role played by contract or personnel in the acquisition workforce \nshould be part of the strategic plan. \n• The strategic plan should consider whether the current use of contractor personnel to \nsupplement the acquisition workforce is efficient or not. \n \nRecommendation #2-5: Qualitative Assessment \n \n• Agencies’ human capital planning for the ac quisition workforce needs to address the \nadequacy of existing resources in meeting each agency’s procurement needs throughout \nthe acquisition lifecycle. The standard should be whether the government is able to \noptimize the contribution of private sector capabilities, secured thr ough the market, to the \naccomplishment of federal agency missions. \n• \nRecommendation #3: Workforce Improve ments Need Prompt Attention \n \nDue to the severe lack of capacity in the acquisi tion workforce, aggressive action to improve the \nacquisition workforce must begin immediately. All agencies shoul d begin acquisition workforce \nhuman capital planning immediately, if such pl ans are not already underway. Agencies should \ncomplete initial assessment and pl anning as quickly as possible. If initial human capital planning \nreveals gaps, agencies should take immediate steps to address such gaps, whether they arise in \nhiring, allocation of resources , training or otherwise. \n \n Recommendation #3-1: Need to Recruit Talented Entry Level Personnel \n \n \n• OFPP should establish a government-wide acquis ition internship program to attract first \nrate entry level personnel into acquisition careers. \n \n \n 8 \n \n \nRecommendation #3-2: Hiring Streamlining Necessary \n \n• In order to compete effectively for desira ble personnel, OFPP and agencies need to \nidentify and eliminate obstac les to speedy hiring of acqui sition workforce personnel. \n \nRecommendation #3-3: Need to Retain Senior Workforce \n \n• OFPP and agencies need to create and use incentives for qualified senior, experienced \nacquisition workforce personnel to remain in the acquisition workforce. \n \nRecommendation #3-4: Training \n \n• In order to ensure the availability of suffici ent funds to provide training to the Acquisition \nWorkforce OMB should issue guida nce directing agencies to: \n- Assure that funds in agency budgets identified for Acquisition Workforce training are actually expended for workforce training purposes, by appropriate means including “fencing” of those funds. \n- Require Head of Agency approval for use of workforce training funds for any other \npurpose \n- Provide OFPP an annual report on the expenditure of Acquisition Workforce Training Funds identifying any excesses or shortfalls \n• OFPP should conduct an annual review to determ ine whether the funds identified by each \nagency for training of its acqui sition workforce are sufficient to meet the agency’s needs \nfor acquisition workforce training. Once an agen cy’s human capital strategic plan for the \nacquisition workforce is in place, that plan should guide this determination. OFPP’s \nreview should also ascertain whether funds identified for such training were actually \nexpended for Acquisition Workforce training needs. \n• Congress should reauthori ze the SARA Training Fund and provide direct \nfunding/appropriations for the fund. \n \nRecommendation #3-5: Acquisition Workfo rce Education & Training Requirements \n \n• Currently both DAWIA and Clinger-Cohen provide for waivers to Congressionally established education and traini ng requirements. In order to ensure that the government’s \nAcquisition Workforce has both th e competencies and skills to manage the life-cycle of \nthe acquisition process \n- Agencies should only grant permanent waiver s to education and training requirements \nupon an objective demonstration that the grantee of the waiver possesses the \ncompetencies and skills necessa ry to perform his/her duties. \n- Agencies should only grant temporary waiver s to allow the grantee of the waiver \nsufficient time to acquire the lacking education or training \n- Agency CAOs (or equivalent) should report annually to OFPP on the agency’s usage \nof waivers to meet statutor y training and education requi rements, justifying their \n 9 usage consistent with the foregoing require ments, and reporting on plans to overcome \nthe need to rely excessively on waivers \n- OFPP should review these annual reports, and provide annual summary report on the \nuse of waivers of DAWIA and Clinger-Cohen requirements. \n \n Recommendation (Adopted but remains to be numbered) \n \n• To the extent that agencies can demonstrate that they have implemented any \nrecommendations (or parts thereof) that requ ire a report to OFPP, th e process established \nby OFPP should include criteria for a waiver from the reporting requirements; any waiver \nshould include a requirement for a sunset. \n \nRecommendation #3.6: Acquisition Workforce University \n \n• In order to promote consistent quality, e fficiency and effectiveness in the use of \ngovernment training funds, OFPP should convene a 12 month study panel to consider whether to establish a government-wide Federa l Acquisition University and/or alternative \nrecommendations to improve training. \n \nRecommendation #4: An Acquisition Wor kforce Focus is Needed in OFPP \n \n- There should be established in the Office of Federal Procurement Policy a senior executive \nwith responsibility for Acquisition Workfor ce Policy throughout the federal government. \n \n- As part of OMB’s role in reviewing and approving agen cy Human Capital Plans in \nconjunction with OPM, OFPP should be delegate d responsibility for re ceiving and reviewing \nthe agency Acquisition Workforce Human Capital Strategic Plans, and for identifying trends, \ngood practices and shortcomings. \n \nThe following Recommendations were deferred to the “Appropriate Role of Contractors Supporting the Government” Working Group \n \nRecommendation #5-1: Blended Workforce \n \n• Consistent with the framework of the findi ngs and recommendations of the Appropriate \nRole working group, agencies need to retain the core capabilities to: \n– Determine their requirements \n– Select contractors \n– Oversee contract performance \n [Deferred to Appropriate Role WG] \n \nRecommendation #5-2: Blended Workforce \n \n• Contractors can supplement the resources of agencies in performing their acquisition functions, but must not \n– Infringe the core functions noted above \n 10 – Act in areas that create a conflict of interest for the organizations involved, or for \nindividual personnel \n [Deferred to Appropriate Role WG] \n \nRecommendation #5-3: Blended Workforce \n \n• Agencies must have in place affirmative safegua rds to assure that supplementation of the \nAcquisition Workforce with contractor support does not create organi zational conflicts of \ninterest. \n [Deferred to Appropriate Role WG] \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 11"
} |
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"pdf_file": "AFY6ATO2NPPVGZIG5SWMYZ7QGSGWRPGZ.pdf",
"text": "Mercury Chamber \nConsiderations\nV. Graves\nIDS-NF Target Studies\nJuly 2011 2 Managed by UT-Battelle\nfor the U.S. Department of Energy\n Mercury Chamber Considerations, July 2011Flow Loop Review\n•1 cm dia nozzle, 20 m/s jet requires 1.57 liter/sec \nmercury flow (94.2 liter/min, 24.9 gpm).\n•MERIT experiment showed that a pump discharge \npressure of ~40 bar required to produce the desired jet.\n•Basic flow scheme\nPump → Nozzle → Jet/Beam Dump → Heat Exchanger → Pump 3 Managed by UT-Battelle\nfor the U.S. Department of Energy\n Mercury Chamber Considerations, July 2011Hg Flow\n•Minimize pressure \ndrops through piping by increasing diameter\n–2\" nozzle supply piping \ntransitioning to 1 cm nozzle\nOverflow \nMercury Drain\nMercury \nPump\nGravity Drain \nFlow Control Valve\nStorage \nTankHeat \nExchangerBeam \nDump 4 Managed by UT-Battelle\nfor the U.S. Department of Energy\n Mercury Chamber Considerations, July 2011Gravity Drain Requires Flow Control\n•Bulk flow exits dump \nvia overflow drains\n•Gravity drain \nintended to remain closed until end-of run, but this liquid becomes static\n•Decay heating \nrequires gravity drain to have flow control \nMercury \nJetProton \nBeam\nMercury \nOverflowGravity Drain Flow Control\nOverflow \ndrains\nWC \nShielding 5 Managed by UT-Battelle\nfor the U.S. Department of Energy\n Mercury Chamber Considerations, July 2011Mercury Chamber Basics\n•Chamber serves as both jet and beam dumps\n–Chamber must encompass the nozzle tip\n•No openings into chamber during operation\n–Mercury flows in a closed loop\n–Likely will be double-walled for mercury containment, possibly water cooled\n•No embedded sensors\n•Gravity drain of mercury required\n•Penetrations (ports) into chamber\n–Nozzle\n–Hg drains (overflow and maintenance)\n–Vents (in and out)\n–Beam windows (upstream and downstream)\n–Cooling? 6 Managed by UT-Battelle\nfor the U.S. Department of Energy\n Mercury Chamber Considerations, July 2011\nSimple Chamber – Overflow Drain \nOptions\n•Splash mitigation not shown\n•Size of drainage system outlets TBD\nDrain PipesDrain Slots\nDrain Chamber 7 Managed by UT-Battelle\nfor the U.S. Department of Energy\n Mercury Chamber Considerations, July 2011Mercury Chamber Ports\n•Chamber requires \nseveral ports\n•Sizes likely to \nincrease due to remote handling requirements\nVents \n(In/Out)\nJet Nozzle\nOverflow \nDrainsMaintenance \nDrain (Valved)Beam Pipe 8 Managed by UT-Battelle\nfor the U.S. Department of Energy\n Mercury Chamber Considerations, July 2011\nChamber Relative to Existing Coils\n•Sized to locate drain pipes \nbelow resistive magnets\n•No beam pipe shown\n•Severely impacts tungsten \nshielding\n•Chamber shape requires \nsignificant increase in complexity\n•Integrating resistive magnets \nand chamber into a single module likely to be required 9 Managed by UT-Battelle\nfor the U.S. Department of Energy\n Mercury Chamber Considerations, July 2011Upstream Solenoids Affect Design\n•Long piping required\n•Remote removal / \ninsertion more difficult\n•Beam trajectory impacted\n–Dictates the location of \nupstream accelerator\n–Ramifications of inaccurate \nfield map?\n•More utility connections \ninterfere with beam path\n"
} |
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"pdf_file": "XB3VOX3H7BDY3WWU64AV6W65H5KVM2RX.pdf",
"text": "5.243 Forty -third Representative District. \nThe Forty -third Representative District shall consist of the following territory: \n ---CENSUS --- \nCOUNTY PREC SEC NAME TRACT BLCK SECT \nJEFFERSON E104 PRECINCT 104 32 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON E146 PRECINCT 146 32 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON L101 PRECINCT 101 41 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON L103 PRECINCT 103 41 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1000 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1001 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1002 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1003 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1004 \nJEFFERS ON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1005 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1006 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1007 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1008 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1009 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1010 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1011 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1012 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1013 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 D ISTRICT 004900 1014 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1015 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1016 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1017 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1018 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1019 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1020 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1021 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1022 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1023 \nJEFFE RSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1024 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1047 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1048 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1049 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1050 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1051 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1052 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1053 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1054 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1055 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1056 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1057 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1058 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1059 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1060 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1061 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1062 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1063 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1064 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1065 JEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1066 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1067 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1068 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1069 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1070 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1079 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1080 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1081 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1082 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1083 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1084 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1085 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1086 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1087 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1088 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1089 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1090 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1091 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1092 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1093 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1094 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1095 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1096 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1097 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1098 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1099 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1100 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 10 9 41 DISTRICT 004900 1113 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1114 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1116 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1117 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1118 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1119 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1998 0202 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 004900 1999 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1007 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1024 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1025 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1026 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1027 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1028 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1049 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1050 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1051 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1052 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1053 \nJEFFERSON L109 PREC INCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1067 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1068 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 1069 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 2000 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 2001 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 3000 \nJEFFERSON L109 PRECINCT 109 41 DISTRICT 005900 3001 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1003 0202 JEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1004 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1005 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1006 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1008 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1009 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1010 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1011 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1012 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1013 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1014 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1017 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1018 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1019 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1020 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1021 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1022 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1023 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1029 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1030 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1031 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRIC T 005900 1032 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1033 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1034 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1035 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1036 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1045 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1046 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1047 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1048 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1054 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1055 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1056 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1057 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1058 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1064 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1065 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 005900 1066 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 007400 1013 0102 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 007400 1032 0102 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 11 3 41 DISTRICT 007400 1033 0102 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 007400 1034 0102 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 007400 1035 0102 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 007400 1038 0102 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 007400 1039 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 007400 1040 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 007400 1997 \nJEFFERSON L113 PRECINCT 113 41 DISTRICT 007400 1998 0103 \nJEFFERSON L117 PRECINCT 117 41 DISTRICT 007400 1005 0102 \nJEFFERSON L117 PRECINC T 117 41 DISTRICT 007400 1006 0102 \nJEFFERSON L117 PRECINCT 117 41 DISTRICT 007400 1012 \nJEFFERSON L117 PRECINCT 117 41 DISTRICT 007400 1013 0202 \nJEFFERSON L117 PRECINCT 117 41 DISTRICT 007400 1014 \nJEFFERSON L117 PRECINCT 117 41 DISTRICT 007400 1033 0202 \nJEFFERSON L117 PRECINCT 117 41 DISTRICT 007400 1034 0202 JEFFERSON L117 PRECINCT 117 41 DISTRICT 007400 1998 0303 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 002300 1000 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 002300 1001 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 002300 1027 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 002300 1028 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 002300 1029 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 002300 1030 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 002300 1031 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 002300 1032 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 002400 2000 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 002400 2001 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 002400 2006 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1000 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1001 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1002 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1003 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1004 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1005 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1006 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1007 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1008 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1009 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECIN CT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1010 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1011 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1012 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1013 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1014 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1015 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1016 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1017 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1018 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1019 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1020 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1021 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1022 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1023 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1024 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1025 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 003000 1026 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1025 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1026 \nJEFFERSON L122 PREC INCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1027 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1028 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1029 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1030 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1031 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1032 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1033 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1034 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1035 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 00490 0 1036 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1037 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1038 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1039 JEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1040 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1041 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1042 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1043 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1044 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1045 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1046 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1071 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1072 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1073 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1074 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1120 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1121 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1122 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1997 \nJEFFERSON L122 PRECINCT 122 41 DISTRICT 004900 1998 0102 \nJEFFERSON L132 PRECINCT 132 41 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON M103 PRECINCT 103 42 DISTRICT 001200 2008 \nJEFFERSON M132 PRECINCT 132 42 DISTRICT 001200 1003 \nJEFFERSON M132 PRECINCT 132 42 DISTRICT 001200 1004 \nJEFFERSON M132 PRECINCT 132 42 DISTRICT 001200 1005 \nJEFFERSON M132 PRECINCT 132 42 DISTRICT 001200 1006 \nJEFFERSON M132 PRECINCT 132 42 DISTRICT 001200 2003 \nJEFFERSON M132 PRECINCT 132 42 DISTRICT 001200 2004 \nJEFFERSON M132 PRECINCT 132 42 DISTRICT 001200 2005 \nJEFFERSON M132 PRECINC T 132 42 DISTRICT 001200 2999 \nJEFFERSON N101 PRECINCT 101 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N102 PRECINCT 102 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N103 PRECINCT 103 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N104 PRECINCT 104 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N105 PRECINCT 105 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N106 PRECINCT 106 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N107 PRECINCT 107 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N108 PRECINCT 108 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N109 PRECINCT 109 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N110 PRECINCT 110 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N111 PRECINCT 111 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N112 PRECINCT 112 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N113 PRECINCT 113 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N115 PRECINCT 115 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N117 PRECINCT 117 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N118 PRECINCT 118 43 DISTRICT 000600 1036 \nJEFFERSON N118 PRECINCT 118 43 DISTRICT 001000 1001 \nJEFFERSON N118 PRECINCT 118 43 DISTRICT 001000 1002 \nJEFFERSON N119 PRECINCT 119 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON N124 PRECINCT 124 43 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON S101 PRECINCT 101 48 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON S102 PRECINCT 102 48 DISTRICT \nJEFFERSON S103 PRECINCT 103 48 D ISTRICT \nJEFFERSON S136 PRECINCT 136 48 DISTRICT \nEffective: January 31, 2002 \nHistory: Repealed and reenacted 2002 Ky. Acts ch. 1, sec. 43, effective January 31, \n2002. -- Repealed and reenacted 1996 Ky. Acts ch. 1, sec. 43, effective January 11, 1996. -- Created 1991 (2d Extra. Sess.) Ky. Acts ch. 5, sec. 43, effective January 8, \n1992. "
} |
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"text": "Building Trauma -Informed \nCommunities for Youth\nKathleen Guarino, LMHC and Gwen Willis -Darpoh, Ph.D. Adobe Logistics\nThis is a “Listen -Only” online event.\nOpportunities to participate include:\n-Q&A periods\n-Chat box\nShared materials will be emailed and posted online within a week \nafter the event is over.\nIf you are having any audio or other issues, please contact ncssle@air.org\nand we will be happy to assist you.\nPage 2 Welcome and Introductions\nMichael Smith, The White House --Special Assistant to the President \nand Director of the My Brother’s Keeper Initiative Today’s Presenters\nGwen Willis -Darpoh Kathleen Guarino \nPage 4\n Today’s Agenda\nPage 5Types and Prevalence of Trauma among Youth cription 1\nImpact of Trauma laceh\nAdopting a Trauma -Informed Approach laceho1\n2\n3\nClosing 3 4 Types and Prevalence of Trauma\nAmong Youth Introduction to Trauma\nDefinition of trauma\nTypes of trauma youth may experience\nPrevalence of trauma among youth\nPage 7 Introduction to trauma\nPage 8What is \nTrauma?An experience that is perceived \nas physically or emotionally \nharmful or life threatening, \noverwhelms our ability to cope, \nand causes intense reactions \nsuch as fear, helplessness, and \nloss of control.\nCitation 1, 2 Introduction to trauma\nPage 9Types of Trauma\n•Natural Disasters: Hurricanes, fires, floods\n•Human Caused Disasters : accidents, wars, displacement\n•Terrorism \n•Community Violence: robberies, shootings, assaults\n•School Violence: threats, shootings, bullying\n•Interpersonal Violence: abuse, neglect, domestic violence\n•Poverty\n•Homelessness\n•Sudden or anticipated loss of loved one\nCitation 2, 3 Introduction to trauma\nPage 10Historical Trauma : The collective and cumulative trauma experienced by a \nparticular group across generations still bearing the effects. \nRacial Trauma or Race -based Traumatic Stress: Potentially traumatic \nexperiences related to race may include: \ndirect experiences of racial harassment including threats of harm or injury \nand being humiliated; \nwitnessing racial violence towards other people of color and other ethnicities \nsuch as hate crimes, violence by law enforcement; \nexperiencing discrimination and institutional racism often in the form of racial \nslurs, being followed in a store, communications that convey rudeness. \nYouth may experience these in school or in other community settings .Types of Trauma\nCitation 2,4,5,6 Introduction to trauma\nPage 11\nIn community samples, more than two thirds of students \nin the U.S. report experiencing trauma by age 16, such as \na serious accident, natural disaster, or experiencing or \nwitnessing violence.\nApproximately two out of three children have been \nexposed to violence, crime, and abuse in their homes or \ncommunities.\n50% of youth report more than one form of victimization.Prevalence of Trauma\nCitation 7.8 Introduction to trauma\nPage 12\nYouth of color ages 12 to 19 are victims of violent crime more than \ntheir white peers.\nYouth of color are\n-3x more likely to be victims of of a robbery.\n-5x more likely to be victims of a homicide.\nHomicide is the leading cause of death among youth of color ages 15 \nto 24. \nYouth of color living in poverty are at increased risk for trauma, \nparticularly violent trauma.\nAfrican American youth living in urban, low -income communities are \nmore at risk of exposure to violence than any other population in the \nUnited States.Prevalence of Trauma\nCitation 9, 10, 11 Impact of Trauma Impact of Trauma\nImpact of trauma on youth\nImpact of trauma on families, communities, and systems\nFactors that influence resilience for youth\nPage 14 Impact of trauma\nPage 15Human Stress Response for your own subheadline\nThe amygdala (smoke \ndetector) senses threat \nand sets off the alarm.checks things out to \nconfirm the threat and \ngoes off -line.\ntakes over to initiate the \nrelease of hormones \n(adrenaline, cortisol) that \nhelp us to respond (fight \nor flight) and recover. “EMOTIONAL BRAIN”“THINKING BRAIN” Impact of trauma\nPage 16Citation 12“EMOTIONAL BRAIN”Fear, anxiety, and worry about continued danger\nIntense mood swings, irritability, and aggression\nFeelings of sadness, guilt, shame, anger, responsibility, embarrassment\nPhysical symptoms (headaches, stomachaches, change in eating/sleeping)\nConcern about how others will view them\nDecline in school performance\nIncreased risk -taking (alcohol/drug use, fights, self -harm)\nIncreased thoughts/comments about death or dying\nWithdrawal from family, peers, activitiesImpact of Trauma on Youth Impact of trauma\nTriggers: Reminders of past traumatic experiences that automatically cause \nthe body to react as if the traumatic event is happening again in that moment .\n•Loud noises\n•Physical touch\n•Authority figures \n•Hand or body gestures that appear threatening\n•Changes in routine\n•Confusing or chaotic environments\n•Emergency vehicles or personnel\n•Anniversary times\n•LossImpact of Trauma on Youth\nPage 17Citation 13 Impact of trauma\nPage 18Impact of Trauma on Youth subheadline\nConstant threatThinking brain frequently \noff-line. Less well -developed\nEmotional brain remains in \nsurvival mode\nCitation 14, 15•Heightened baseline state \nof arousal\n•On alert for threat\n•Reactive\n•Sensitive to \ntriggers/reminders of the \nevent\n•Focused on safety and \nsurvival•Thinking, planning, \nfocusing, organizing\n•Problem -solving\n•Coping\n•Self-regulation\n•Future thinking/ cause and \neffect\n•Communicating\n•Learning new skills Relationships: Difficulty trusting others and forming safe, healthy \nrelationships . \nEmotional Regulation: Difficulty identifying, expressing, and \nmanaging feelings . Always on alert for threat.\nBehavior: Easily set off by others or the environment (especially if \nreminded of previous trauma). Responses are extreme ranging from \naggression to withdrawal. Trouble following rules or guidelines; reactive \ntowards authority figures. \noYouth exposed to trauma are more likely to be suspended or \nexpelled for behavioral issues. Impact of Trauma on Youth bheadlineImpact of trauma\nPage 19Citation 13, 16, 17 Cognition: More difficulties with activities related to learning. \nTraumatized youth have poorer academic performance, increased risk \nof failing, poorer test scores, and higher rates of referral to special \neducation.\nDissociation: Disconnection from the present moment as a way to \nmanage overwhelming stress. Blocking out difficult thoughts and \nfeelings often means blocking out most feelings, including positive \nemotions.\nSelf-Concept and Future Orientation: Low self -esteem and poor self -\nimage are common. Lacking a sense of hope and control over the \nfuture making goal setting seem pointless. Impact of Trauma on Youth\nyour own subheadlineImpact of trauma\nPage 20Citation 13, 16, 17 Community violence exposure among urban youth is associated with \nhigher rates of post -traumatic stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, \nand aggression.\nYouth victimization increases likelihood of becoming a perpetrator of \nviolent crimes including intimate partner violence; drug use; and \nproperty crimes. \n90% of juvenile justice -involved youth have experienced trauma, often \nmultiple traumas from an early age.\n96% of adolescent psychiatric inpatients have histories of exposure to \ntrauma.\nMore than 70% of adolescents in substance abuse treatment have a \nhistory of trauma exposure .Impact of Trauma on Youth subheadlineImpact of trauma\nPage 21Citation 9, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 Impact of Trauma\nPage 22\nAdverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study\nCitation 23 Impact of Trauma\nPage 23Parents with histories of and/or current exposure to trauma are at increased risk \nfor a number of challenges including:\nSubstance abuse, depression, and PTSD. \nNegative or unsafe interpersonal patterns such abuse, neglect, and domestic \nviolence that become the source of trauma for youth.\nDifficulty trusting others and building relationships with community providers and \neducators, which impacts their child’s ability to trust other adults.\nFeelings of embarrassment, shame, fear, or guilt about getting outside support \nfor their children that may result in negative interactions with \nproviders/educators.\nMistrust of systems that have contributed to traumatic experiences.Impact of Trauma on Families subheadline s\nCitation 24, 25 Impact of Trauma\nPage 24Impact of Trauma on Families subheadline s\nConsider current societal and institutional factors and inequalities that increase \nrisk of trauma for families of color :\nA disproportionate number of children and families live in poverty.\nLiving in poverty is accompanied by stressors that can be traumatic and can \nincrease risk for multiple exposures to trauma, particularly violent trauma.\nOngoing experiences of racial trauma/Race -based traumatic stress.\nLack of culturally -competent services.\nMistrust in social institutions (schools, education, government) that impacts \nhelp-seeking.\nCitation 10, 26 Impact of Trauma\nPage 25Combined historical and contemporary trauma without the opportunity to heal \nhas detrimental effects on communities of color as a whole.\nPost-traumatic Slave Syndrome (PTSS):\nLower self -esteem, feelings of hopelessness and depression, self -\ndestructive outlook.\nIncreased anger and violence towards self, others, and members of one’s \nown group.\nInternalized racism –learned helplessness, distorted concept of self, \ndisconnection or aversion to things related to your own cultural/ethnic group.Impact of Trauma on Communities\nCitation 27 Impact of Trauma\nPage 26Direct exposure to trauma: Community providers and educators may bring \ntheir own histories of trauma to their work or experience trauma on the job. \nSecondary Traumatic Stress: Individuals who work with highly traumatized \ngroups are at risk of being indirectly traumatized as a result of hearing about \nanother person’s trauma and witnessing its negative effects . \nVicarious Trauma: Changes in a helper’s inner experience over time as a \nresult of responsibility for an empathic engagement with traumatized clients. Impact of Trauma on Youth -Serving Systems \nCitation 28 Impact of Trauma\nPage 27Examples:\nStudents exposed to trauma are more likely to escalate and act out .\nAdults may misunderstand and mislablel student behaviors .\nAdults may become increasingly crisis -driven, reactive, and punitive to maintain \ncontrol .\nDifficult to maintain a safe environment most conductive to learning .\nSchools risk re -traumatizing students by creating environments and situations that \nmirror or replicate other trauma that students have experienced.Impact of Trauma on Youth -Serving Systems \nCitation 29Traumatized systems respond similarly to traumatized individuals, which \ncreates an environment that perpetuates trauma responses. Impact of Trauma\nResilience: Positive, adaptive response to significant adversity.\nCombined environmental and individual factors that help children achieve positive \noutcomes in the face of adversity include:\nThe availability of at least one stable, caring, and supportive relationship with an \nadult.\nA sense of mastery over life circumstances.\nStrong social and emotional skills such as problem -solving, self -awareness, self -\nregulation, and relationship skills that can be supported in school and community \nsettings .\nAffirming faith or cultural traditions .\nEnvironments that are safe, engaging, and supportive.\nPage 28Citation 30, 31 Adopting a Trauma -Informed Approach Adopting a Trauma -Informed Approach\nWhat is a trauma -informed approach?\nWhy is a trauma -informed approach critical to supporting youth?\nWhat are the core components of a trauma -informed approach?\nPage 30 Adopting a Trauma -Informed Approach\nPage 31Adopting a Trauma -Informed Approach across youth -serving systems and \ncommunities means all people at all levels of the system:\n•Realize the prevalence and impact of trauma on youth, families, \ncommunities, and systems.\n•Recognize the signs of trauma in those they serve.\n•Respond by integrating knowledge of trauma into policies, \nprocedures and practices.\n•Resist re-traumatizing youth and families by creating environments \nthat mimic past trauma, cause additional trauma, and compromise \nresilience and well -being for all.What is a Trauma -Informed Approach?\nCitation 32 Adopting a Trauma -Informed Approach\nPage 32What is a Trauma -Informed Approach?\nA youth’s challeging behaviors are the \nresult of individual deficits (e.g., \nwhat’s wrong with you?).\nUnderstands difficult behaviors as \npurposeful and personal.\nFocuses on changing the individual to \n“fix” the problem.\nSupport for youth exposed to trauma \nis provided by counseling \nprofessionals.Traditional Perspective\nA youth’s challenging behaviors may \nbe ways of coping with trauma (e.g. \nwhat happened to you?).\nUnderstands difficult behaviors may \nbe automatic responses to stress.\nFocuses on changing the \nenvironment.\nSupport for youth exposed to trauma \nis the shared responsibility of all \nyouth -serving sytems.Trauma -Informed Perspective Adopting a Trauma -Informed Approach\nWhy is a Trauma -Informed Approach Critical to Supporting Youth?\nPage 33Minimizes risk for causing additional harm.\nEnsures support for all youth.\nBenefits all in the system. Provide Trauma -Informed Assessment and InterventionAdopting a Trauma -Informed Approach\nPage 34Build Trauma -Informed Knowledge and Skills for\nEstablish Safe and Supportive Environments Placeholder\nInvolve Youth and Families for your content description 4\nPromote Trauma -Informed Procedures and Policies1\n2\n3\n4\n5\nCollaborate Across Systems your content description 5 6What are the Core Components of a Trauma -Informed Approach?\nCitation 32, 33, 34, 35 Page 35Build Trauma -Informed Knowledge and Skills fontent 1\nCommunity stakeholders, leaders, and staff across youth -serving systems are \neducated about trauma and its impact and trauma -informed practices.\nIncludes education about particular traumatic experiences and impact for youth, \nfamilies, and communities of color.\nYouth and families receive education about trauma and its impact .Adopting a Trauma -Informed Approach Page 36Establish Safe and Supportive Environments Pla1 2\nCreate safe physical spaces for youth.\nDevelop safe and supportive environments and relationships:\n-Ensure youth and families of color are consistently treated fairly and respectfully.\n-Minimize potential triggers in the environment. \n-Intervene to address negative comments/perceptions based on race.\n-Employ staff with similar backgrounds to the youth and families served.Adopting a Trauma -Informed Approach Page 37Provide Trauma -Informed Assessment and Intervention 3\nScreen for trauma (including racial trauma) and assess for impact.\nPlans for youth consider ways to address trauma (e.g., behavioral health \ntreatment plans, Individualized Education Plans, plans to support \nemployment).\nYouth have access to trauma -specific mental health interventions when \nneeded. \nInterventions are adapted to meet the needs of youth and families of color.Adopting a Trauma -Informed Approach Page 38Involve Youth and Families4Adopting a Trauma -Informed Approach\nInclude youth and families on agency boards, advisory groups, working groups, \nand other decision -making bodies in youth -serving systems.\nAdopt formal mechanisms for seeking regular input from youth and families.\nInvolve youth with similar life experiences in your programming. Page 39Promote Trauma -Informed Procedures and Policies \nfor your content description 15Adopting a Trauma -Informed Approach\nDevelop a mission and vision statement that includes a commitment to a trauma -\ninformed approach and meeting the specific needs of youth of color.\nEliminate retraumatizing procedures and policies.\nAdopt and enforce nondiscriminatory policies.\nEnsure the system responds promptly to acts of discrimination, harassment, \ndisrespect, and violence.\nReview policies and practices regularly to ensure full alignment with the mission \nand goals of a trauma -informed approach (include youth, families, staff). Page 40Collaborate Across Systems\nfor your content description 16Adopting a Trauma -Informed Approach\nProvide cross -system learning, skills -building, and resource sharing related to \ntrauma and trauma -informed practices.\nEnsure consistent level of understanding and support for youth of color across \nservice systems.\nPromote consistent policies and practices across youth -serving systems (e.g., \nnon-discrimination policies; practices to support positive youth development).\nCreate partnerships with community members who specialize in working with \nyouth of color. Page 41Identify a group that is \ninvested in leading this \nprocess within/across \nservice systems (trauma \nwork group).\nDevelop a process for \nmeeting and learning.Step One\nEducate staff.\nExplore how to align \nthese efforts with others \nin schools, agencies, and \ncommunities.Step Two\nIdentify areas for goal \nsetting.\nDevelop a plan for \nmonitoring progress on \ngoals. textStep Three\nNext steps for leaders for your own subheadlineAdopting a Trauma -Informed Approach Final Thought\n“Trauma is a fact of life. It does not, however, have to be a life \nsentence. Not only can trauma be healed, but with appropriate \nguidance and support, it can be transformative . . . How we \nhandle trauma (as individuals, communities and societies) \ngreatly influences the quality of our lives.” \nPeter Levine\nPage 42 Questions?\nPage 43If you have a question for the presenters, \nplease type it in the Chat Pod .\nYour Name: Closing\nMichael Smith, The White House --Special Assistant to the President and \nDirector of the My Brother’s Keeper Initiative Thank You!\nThank you for participating in today ’s webinar.\nSlides, archived recording and Q/A will be posted here within 1 \nweek: \nhttps ://safesupportivelearning.ed.gov/events/webinar/building -\ntrauma -informed -communities -youth\n[Details on whom to contact with additional questions to be added \nprior to event]\nPage 45 References\n1.National Child Traumatic Stress Network. Defining Trauma and Traumatic \nStress athttp://www.nctsn.org/content/defining -trauma -and-child-traumatic -\nstress .\n2.Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) \n(2014). Trauma -informed care in behavioral health services: A treatment \nprotocol (TIP) SERIES 57. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 14 -4816. Rockville, \nMD.\n3.National Child Traumatic Stress Network. Types of Trauma at \nhttp://www.nctsn.org/trauma -types . \n4.National Child Traumatic Stress Network. (2013). Conversations about \nHistorical Trauma at http://www.nctsn.org/resources/topics/culture -and-\ntrauma . \n5.Carter, R. T. (2007). Racism and psychological and emotional injury: \nRecognizing and assessing race-based traumatic stress . Counseling \nPsychologist, 35(1) , 13-105. \n6.Bryant -Davis, T., & Ocampo , C. (2005). Racist incident -based trauma. \nCounseling Psychologist , 33, 479–500.\nPage 46 References\n7.Copeland, W. E., Keeler, G., Angold , A., & Costello, E. (2007). Traumatic events \nand posttraumatic stress in children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64 (5), \n577–584.\n8.Finkelhor , D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L. (2015). Prevalence of \nchildhood exposure to violence, crime, and abuse: Results from the national \nsurvey of children’s exposure to violence. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(8) , 746 -754. \n9.The National Center for Victims of Crime. Black Children Exposed to Violence \nand Victimization at http://victimsofcrime.org/our -programs/other -projects/youth -\ninitiative/interventions -for-black -children%27s -exposure -to-violence/black -\nchildren -exposed -to-violence . \n10.Collins, K., Connors, K., Donohue, A., Gardner, S., Goldblatt , E., Hayward, A., \nKiser, L., Strieder , F. Thompson, E. (2010). Understanding the impact of trauma \nand urban poverty on family systems: Risks, resilience, and interventions. \nBaltimore, MD : Family Informed Trauma Treatment Center at \nhttp://nctsn.org/nccts/nav.do?pid= ctr_rsch_prod_ar or \nhttp://fittcenter.umaryland.edu/ WhitePaper.aspx . \nPage 47 References\n11.Thomas , A.J., Carey, D., Prewitt, K., Romero, E., Richards, M. & Velsor -\nFriedrich, B. (2012). African american youth and exposure to community \nviolence: Supporting change from the inside. Journal for Social Action in \nCounseling and Psychology, 4(1) , 54-68.\n12.National Child Traumatic Stress Network Schools Committee. (October 2008). \nChild Trauma Toolkit for Educators. Los Angeles, CA & Durham, NC: National \nCenter for Child Traumatic Stress. \n13.National Child Traumatic Stress Network. (2014). Complex trauma: Facts for \neducators. Los Angeles, CA, & Durham, NC: National Center for Child \nTraumatic Stress. \n14.Shonkoff , J. P., Garner, A. S., The Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child \nand Family Health; Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent \nCare; & Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. (2012a). The \nlifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics, 129 , \n232–246.\n15.McEwen, B.S. (2007). Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: \nCentral role of the brain. Physiological Reviews, 87(3) , 873 -904.\nPage 48 References\nPage 4916.Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree , C., Blaustein , M. Cloitre , M., . . . \nvan der Kolk, B. (2005). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. \nPsychiatric Annals, 35 (5), 390 –398. \n17.National Child Traumatic Stress Network. Effects of Complex Trauma at \nhttp://www.nctsn.org/trauma -types/complex -trauma/effects -of-complex -trauma . \n18.McDonald, C. & Richmond, T. (2008). The relationship between community \nviolence exposure and mental health symptoms in urban adolescents. Journal \nof Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 15(10) , 833 -849.\n19.Dierkhising , C.B., Ko, S.J., Woods -Jaeger, B., Briggs , E.C., Lee, R., & Pynoos , \nR.S. (2013). Trauma histories among justice -involved youth: Findings from the \nnational child traumatic stress network. European Journal of \nPsychotraumatology , 16(4) .\n20.Abram , K.M., Teplin , L.A., Charles , D.R., Longworth, S.L., McClellan, G.M., & \nDulcan , M.K. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma in youth in \njuvenile detention. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(4), 403-10. References\nPage 5021.Havens , J.F., Gudino , O.G., Biggs, E.A., Diamond, U.N., Weis,J.R , & Cloitre , \nM.(2012). Identification of trauma exposure and PTSD in adolescent psychiatric \ninpatients: An exploratory study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25(2) , 171 -178.\n22.National Child Traumatic Stress Network Adolescent Trauma and Substance \nAbuse Committee. (June 2008). Understanding the Links Between Adolescent \nTrauma and Substance Abuse. National Center for Child Traumatic Stress at \nhttp://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/assets/pdfs/SAToolkit_1.pdf . \n23.Felitti , V.J., Anda , R.F., Nordenberg , D., Williamson, D.F., Spitz, A.M., Edwards, \nV. … & Marks, J.S. (1998). The relationship of adult health status to childhood \nabuse and household dysfunction. American Journal of Preventive Medicine ,\n14(4),245–258.\n24.Cohen , L.R., Hien, D.A., & Batchelder , S. (2008). The impact of cumulative \nmaternal trauma and diagnosis on parenting behavior. Child Maltreatment, Feb \n13(1), 27-38.\n25.Kistin , C.J., Radesky , J., Diaz -Linhart , Y., Tompso,n M.C., O'Connor, E., & \nSilverstein, M.(2014). A qualitative study of parenting stress, coping, and \ndiscipline approaches among low -income traumatized mothers. Journal of \nDevelopmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 35(3) , 189 -96. References\nPage 5126.Ending Child Poverty Now. (2015). Retrieved August 10, 2016, from \nhttp://www.childrensdefense.org/library/PovertyReport/EndingChildPovertyNow.\nhtml?referrer=https://www.google.com /.\n27.Leary , J. D. (2005). Post traumatic slave syndrome: America's legacy of \nenduring injury and healing . Milwaukie, OR: Uptone Press.\n28.National Child Traumatic Stress Network, Secondary Traumatic Stress \nCommittee. (2011). Secondary traumatic stress: A fact sheet for child -serving \nprofessionals. Los Angeles, CA, and Durham, NC: National Center for Child \nTraumatic Stress. \n29.Rich J., et al. (2009). Healing the hurt: trauma -informed approached to the \nhealth of boys and young men of color. The Center for Nonviolence and Social \nJustice: Drexel University School of Public Health . \n30.Masten , A. S., Herbers , J. E., Cutuli , J. J., & Lafavor , T. L. (2008). Promoting \ncompetence and resilience in the school context. Professional School \nCounseling , 12, 76–84. References\nPage 5231.National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. (2015). Supportive \nRelationships and Active Skill -Building Strengthen the Foundations of \nResilience: Working Paper 13 . Retrieved from \nhttp://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/supportive -relationships -and-\nactive -skill-building -strengthen -the-foundations -of-resilience /. \n32.Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. SAMHSA’s \nConcept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma -Informed Approach . HHS \nPublication No. (SMA) 14 -4884. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental \nHealth Services Administration, 2014. \n33.American Institutes for Research ( 2015) . Trauma -Informed Organizational \nCapacity Scale. Waltham, MA .\n34.Guarino , K. (2014). Trauma -informed care for families experiencing \nhomelessness. In M. E. Haskett , S. Perlman, & B. A. Cowan (Ed.), Supporting \nfamilies experiencing homelessness: Current practices and future directions \n(pp.121-144). New York, NY: Springer Publishing .\n35.Cole, S.F., Eisner, A., Gregory, M., & Ristuccia , J. (2013). Creating and \nadvocating for trauma -sensitive schools. Massachusetts Advocates for \nChildren. Additional Resources\nPage 53U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Safe and Supportive Learning \nEnvironments resources on trauma at \nhttps://safesupportivelearning.ed.gov/search?keywords= trauma\nU.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Safe and Supportive Learning \nEnvironments resources on response and resilience at \nhttps://safesupportivelearning.ed.gov/hot -topics/response -and-resiliency\nComing soon: Department of Education’s National Center for Safe and Supportive \nLearning Environments Trauma -Sensitive Schools Training Package\nSAMHSA Treatment Improvement Protocol: Trauma -Informed Care in Behavioral \nHealth Services at http://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content//SMA14 -4816/SMA14 -\n4816. pdf\nSAMHSA’s National Child Traumatic Stress Network at http:// www.nctsn.org\nCenters for Disease Control’s overview of the Adverse Childhood Experiences \nStudy at http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/acestudy/ index.html\nCenter on the Developing Child at Harvard University at \nwww.developingchild.harvard.edu Additional Resources\nPage 54Cole, S.F., Eisner, A., Gregory, M., & Ristuccia, J. (2013). Creating and advocating \nfor trauma -sensitive schools. Massachusetts Advocates for Children. Retrieved at \nhttp://www.traumasensitiveschools.com\nWolpow, R., Johnson, M.M., Hertel, R., & Kincaid, S. (2009). The Heart of \nLearning and Teaching: Compassion, Resiliency, and Academic Success . \nWashington State Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) \nCompassionate Schools at http://k12.wa.us/CompassionateSchools/ default.aspx\nUniversity of California San Francisco Healthy Environments and Response to \nTrauma in Schools (HEARTS) Program at \nhttp://coe.ucsf.edu/coe/spotlight/ ucsf_hearts.html\nSan Francisco Department of Public Health Trauma -Informed Systems Initiative at \nhttp://www.leapsf.org/pdf/Trauma -Informed -Systems -Initative -2014. pdf\nThe Philadelphia ACE Project at \nhttp://www.healthfederation.org/portfolio/philadelphia -ace-project/\nTrauma -Informed Community Building \nhttp://bridgehousing.com/PDFs/TICB.Paper5.14. pdf"
} |
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"pdf_file": "X5J2UFQ52GKUF4JQCQ4DPJ62QF2EJ2XG.pdf",
"text": "In the Matter of: COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY \nBEFORE THE PURL,IC SERVICE COMMISSION \nCASE NO.: 2009-00459 \nAPPLICATION OF KENTUCKY \nPOWER COMPANY FOR A \nGENERAL ADJUSTMENT \nOF EL,ECTRIC RATES PUBLIC SERVICE \nCOMMISSION \n~ - ~ \nMOTION FOE INTERVENTION \nComes now Hazard Perry County Community Ministries, by and through counsel, \nand for its Notion for Intervention in the above matter states as follows: \nHazard Perry County Community Ministries objects to the proposal for several \nreasons. It’s interests differ from those of the Pike County Senior Citizens Program in that it \nserves a wider array of individuals and runs a number of different programs that would be \nplaced in jeopardy with the rate increase. Since 1976, Community Ministries has served \nfamilies and individuals in need. It currently operates a homeless shelter, rental housing for \nhomeless families, homelessness prevention assistance, and two childcare centers. Hazard \nPerry County Community Ministries is the last bastion of shelter for many in the community \nand keeps many others from being homeless. It also allows many individuals the chance to \nwork or continue their education by providing affordable and reliable child care. The scope \nof its coverage is far broader than that of the Pike County Senior Citizens Program and it has \ninterests that will not be addressed by their intervention. Thus, Hazard Perry County \nCommunity Ministries should be allowed to intervene and voice its objection to the \nPage 1 of 6 proposed rate increase. \nHazard Perry County Community Ministries objects to this proposed rate increase \nbecause little to nothing is known about its justification. Kentucky Power has not explained \nhow this will improve its service, or why they cannot make ends meet with the current rates \nin place. Because Kentucky Power basically has a monopoly on their industry in this region, \nit is imperative that they be required to make its customers aware of the reasoning behind \nthis rate increase of astronomical proportions. Without proper checks and balances such as \nrequiring Kentucky Power to provide the basis for the requested increase and allowing \naffected entities to address them, the potential for abuse is great. \nHazard Perry County Community Ministries serves mostly low income individuals \nMost of the people who live in its rental housing are fbrthering their education and/or \nworking low wage jobs. These individuals can barely afford to pay their electricity hills now. \nWith a proposed rate increase of 33.430/0, they will be face with an untenable \nchoice-whether they can keep the lights on or keep their children fed. \nIn addition, Hazard Perry County Community Ministries has a unique perspective \non the utility market in Perry County. As part of the services provided, families come to \nHazard Perry County Community Ministries with electric bills in arrears or shutoff notices. \nHazard Perry County Community Ministries then can step in with its homelessness \nprevention assistance. In 2009, Hazard Perry County Community Ministries served \napproximately 100 individuals with $5,000 toward Kentucky Power bill assistance. With \nthe proposed rate increase, it is estimated that the number of people requesting assistance \nwill double. However, Hazard Perry County Community Minisitriest will not have the \nfunds to intervene on behalf of all of those seeking assistance. Both the families who are \nPage 2 of 6 unable to pay their bill will lose, and so will Kentucky Power, as they spend even more \nmoney on labor to conduct shutoffs and lose customers. \nFinally, as a 50l(c)(3) nonprofit organization and small business the rate increase \nwould have dire effects. The funding of hazard Perry County Community Ministries is \nlimited to that which can be obtain through grants, donations, and fees for service. In the \nrecently composed 2010 budget, Hazard Perry County Community Ministries was barely \nable to make it break even. The proposed rate increase would literally break the budget and \nleave the agency, like its clients, an impossible choice-whether to keep the lights on or pay \nthe staff. Hazard Perry County Community Ministries can only be effective if it can do \nboth. An increase of one third in the utilities costs would require programs or positions to be \ncut in order to meet operating expenses with the limited available funds of the agency. It \nwould truly be a sad day if homeless individuals were turned away from the shelter because \nit could no longer operate or if motivated individuals had to quit school or their jobs because \nchild care was no longer available. \nRased upon the foregoing reasons, Hazard Perry County Community Ministries \nshould be allowed to intervene to protect its interests that are distinct from those of the Pike \nCounty Senior Citizens Program. \nRespectfully submitted, \nPage 3 of 6 LAW OFFICE OF \nDEBORAH R. LEWIS, P.L.L.C. \n470 MAIN STREET \nSECOND FLOOR, SUITE 1 \nPOST OFFICE DRAWER 1 179 \nHAZARD, KENTUCKY 41702 \nCOUNSEL FOR HAZARD \nPEREY COUNTY COMMUNITY \nMINISTRIES PHONE: (606) 487-1234 \nCERTIFICATE OF SERVICE \nThis is to certifL that the foregoing has been served by mailing a true copy thereof, \npostage prepaid, on this the @day of February, 2010, to the following: \nPaul D. Adams \nOffice of the Attorney General \nUtility & Rate Intervention Division \n1024 Capital Center Drive \nSuite 200 \nFrankfort, Kentucky 4060 1-8204 \nJoe F. Childers \nGetty & Childers \n1900 L,exington Financial Center \n250 West Main Street \nLexington, Kentucky 40507 \nPage 4 of 6 Richard Hopgood \nWyatt, Tarrant & Combs, LLP \n250 West Main Street \nSuite 1600 \nLexington, Kentucky 40507- 1746 \nHonorable Michael L. Kurtz \nAttorney at Law \nBochrn, Kurtz and Lowry \n36 East Seventh Street \nSuite 1510 \nCincinnati, Ohio 45202 \nSteven T. Nourse \nAmerican Electric Power Service Corp. \n1 Riverside Plaza, Legal Dept 29\" F \nColumbus, Ohio 43215-2373 \nHonorable Mark R. Overstreet \nAttorney at Law \nStites & Harbison \n42 1 West Main Street \nP. 0. Box 634 \nFrankfort, Kentucky 40602-0634 \nStephen A. Sanders \nAppalachian Citizens Law Center \n3 17 Main Street \nWhitesburg, Kentucky 41858 \nMatthew J. Sattenvhite \nAmerican Electric Power Service Corp \n1 Riverside Plaza, Legal Dept 29\" F \nColumbus, Ohio 432 15-2373 \nHolly Rachel Smith \nHitt Business Center \n3803 Rectortown Road \nMarshall, Virginia 201 15 \nPage 5 of 6 Errol K. Wagner \nDirector of Regulatory Services \nAmerican Electric Power \n101 A. Enterprise Drive \nP. 0. Box 5190 \nFrankfort, Kentucky 40602 \nwith original to: \nPublic Service Commission \nP. 0. Box 615 \n21 I Sower Blvd. \nFrankfort, Kentucky 40602-061 5 \nShl R. COLLINS \nMotion to Intervene 2-25-10 wpdMotion to Intervene 2-25-10 wpd \nPage6of 6 "
} |
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"pdf_file": "NHPAWYG2Y5MGFTUYVSJKJUDJ45RFRQWJ.pdf",
"text": " \nApprovals: \n \n 1st Level 2nd Level 3rd Level \n \n National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Personal Protectiv e Technology Laboratory \nP.O. Box 18070 \nPittsburgh, PA 15236 \nProcedure No. RCT-ASR-STP-0100 Revision: 1.1 Date: 3 June 2005 \n \nDETERMINATION OF STRENGTH OF HOSES AND COUPLINGS, \nTYPE C, AND CE SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATORS \nSTANDARD TESTING PROCEDURE (STP) \n \n1. PURPOSE \n \nThis test establishes the procedures for ensuring that the level of protection provided by the \nstrength of hoses and couplings requirements on Types C and CE Supplied-Air Respirators \nsubmitted for Approval, Extensi on of Approval, or examined during Certified Product Audits, \nmeet the minimum certification standards set forth in 42 CFR, Part 84, Subpart G, Section 84.63(a)(c)(d), and Subpart J, Section 84.150, Table 8; Volume 60, Number 110, June 8, 1995. \n 2. GENERAL\n \n \nThis STP describes the Determination of Strength of Hose and Coupling Type C, and CE Supplied-Air Respirators test in sufficient deta il that a person knowledgeable in the appropriate \ntechnical field can select equipment with the n ecessary resolution, conduct the test, and determine \nwhether or not the product passes the test. \n 3. EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS\n \n 3.1. The list of necessary test equipment and materials follows: \n \n3.1.1. A source of compressed air (a 300 cubi c foot gas cylinder) capable of delivering \n250 psig or higher. \n \n3.1.2. Air regulator, Model 8, from Matheson Gas Products or equivalent. \n \n3.1.3. A Helicoid calibrated pressure gauge and connecting fittings or equivalent \n \n3.1.4. Two sections of applicant's supplied-air hose. \n \n3.1.5. A four-inch pulley, or equivalent. \n \n3.1.6. An American Chain and Cable Company Model E Overhead Chain Hoist, or \nequivalent. \n \n3.1.7. A 45 kilogram (100 pound) weight.\nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \n Uncontrolled Copy Procedure No. RCT-ASR-STP-0100 Revision: 1.1 Date: 3 June 2005 Page 2 of 7 \n \n \n3.1.8. Two 2-foot sections of strong rope with breaking strength above 250 lb or \nequivalent. \n \n3.1.9. A safety cable capable of securing both ends of the hose at the coupling or \nequivalent. \n \n3.1.10. Electric timer, calibrated to hundredth s of a minute (Precision Scientific Co.) or \nequivalent. \n \n3.1.11. A calibrated Tinius Olsen, Model LTC M, compression/tension strain gauge, or \nequivalent, may be substituted for the pulley, chain hoist, and weights. \n \n4. TESTING REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS \n 4.1. Prior to beginning any testing, all meas uring equipment to be used must have been \ncalibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's calibration procedure and schedule. At \na minimum, all measuring equipment utilized fo r this testing must have been calibrated \nwithin the preceding 12 months using a met hod traceable to the National Institute of \nStandards and Technology (NIST). \n \n4.2. The compressed gas cylinder must meet all applicable Department of Transportation \nrequirements for cylinder approval as well as for retesting/requalification. \n \n4.3. Normal laboratory safety practices must be observed. This includes safety precautions \ndescribed in the current ALOSH Facility Laboratory Safety Manual. \n 4.3.1. Safety glasses, lab coats, and hard-toe shoes must be worn at all times. \n \n4.3.2. Work benches must be maintain ed free of clutter and non-essential test \nequipment. \n \n4.3.3. When handling any glass laboratory equipment, lab technicians and personnel \nmust wear special gloves which protect against lacerations or punctures. \n \n5. PROCEDURE\n \n \nNote: Reference Section 3 for equipment, mode l numbers and manufacturers. For calibration \npurposes use those described in the manufact urer's operation and maintenance manuals. \n 5.1. Use the test operating procedure as follows: \n5.1.1. Connect two sections of the applicant's supplied-air hose with coupling (be sure \nto use the safety cable). \n \n5.1.2. Secure one end of connected hoses to the proper test weight (45 kilograms-100 \npounds), or to the Tinius Olsen strain gauge (within 1-foot of the coupling). \n \n5.1.3. Place air-supply hose over a four-inch pulley held suspended with a short rope \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \n Uncontrolled Copy Procedure No. RCT-ASR-STP-0100 Revision: 1.1 Date: 3 June 2005 Page 3 of 7 \n \n from an overhead chain hoist, or connect the hose coupling on the other end of \nthe hose to the opposite end of the strain gauge (within 1-foot of the coupling). \n \n5.1.4. Attach one end of connected hoses to a two-stage regulator and compressed air \nsource; attach a female quick connect coupling to the opposite end of the \nconnected hoses. \n \n5.1.5. Slowly increase air pressure within connected hoses until desired pressure is \nreached and check for signs of possible rupture. \n \n5.1.6. Pull air-supply hose across the pulley until hose becomes taut, making certain \nthat the coupling of the hoses is between the hoist and the weight, or both \ncouplings and the strain gauge is betw een the hoist and the anchor point (See \nFigure 1). \n \n5.1.7. Secure remaining end of the connected hoses. \n \n5.1.8. Slowly raise the hook of the overhead hoist and start the timer when weight \nleaves the laboratory floor, or when the required weight has been reached on the \nstrain gauge. \n \n5.1.9. After five minutes, stop the time r and release the pull on the hose couplings. \n \n5.1.10. Remove pressure from wi thin connected air-supply hoses. \n \n5.1.11. Examine the couplings and hoses for any indications of separation or failure. \n \n Note: Photographs may be taken for records documentation. \n \n Note: If the hoses pass this test then the sa me hoses and couplings must be used on the \nTightness of Hose and Couplings and Gasoline Permeation tests. \n 6. PASS/FAIL CRITERIA\n \n \n6.1. The criterion for passing this test is set forth in 42 CFR, Part 84, Subpart G, Section \n84.63(a)(c)(d), and Subpart J, Section 84.150, Table 8; Volume 60, Number 110, June 8, 1995. \n \n6.2. This test establishes the standard procedure for ensuring that: \n 84.63 Test requirements; general. \n(a) Each respirator and respirator componen t shall when tested by the applicant and by \nthe Institute, meet the applicab le requirements set forth in subparts H through L of this \npart. \n \n(c) In addition to the minimum requirements set forth in subparts H through L of this \npart, the Institute reserves the right to re quire, as a further condition of approval, any \nadditional requirements deemed necessary to establish the quality, effectiveness, and \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \n Uncontrolled Copy Procedure No. RCT-ASR-STP-0100 Revision: 1.1 Date: 3 June 2005 Page 4 of 7 \n \n safety of any respirator used as protection against hazardous atmospheres. \n \n(d) Where it is determined after receipt of an application that additional requirements will \nbe required for approval, the Institute w ill notify the applicant in writing of these \nadditional requirements, and necessary examinations, inspections, or tests, stating \ngenerally the reasons for such requirement s, examinations, inspections, or tests. \n \n84.150 Air-supply line tests; minimum requirements. \n \nAir supply lines employed on Types C and CE supplied-air respirators shall meet the \nminimum test requirements set forth in Table 8 of this subpart. \n \n Air-supply-lines used with Types C and CE, hose and couplings shall not exhibit any separation or failure when tested with a pull of 45 kg. (100 pounds) for 5 minutes and when simultaneously subjecting them to an internal air pressure of 2 times the maximum \nrespirator-supply pressure that is specified by the applicant or at 173 kN/m.\n2 (25 pounds \nper square inch) gauge, whichever is higher. \n 7. RECORDS\\TEST SHEETS\n \n \n7.1. All test data will be recorded on the STRENGTH OF HOSES AND COUPLINGS, TYPE \nC AND CE, SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATORS test data sheet. \n \n7.2. All videotapes and photographs of the actua l test being performed, or of the tested \nequipment shall be maintained in the task file as part of the permanent record. \n \n7.3. All equipment failing any portion of this test will be handled as follows: \n \n7.3.1. If the failure occurs on a new certificat ion application, or extension of approval \napplication, send a test report to the RC T Leader and prepare the hardware for \nreturn to the manufacturer. \n \n7.3.2. If the failure occurs on hardware examined under an Off-the-Shelf Audit the \nhardware will be examined by a techni cian and the RCT Leader for cause. All \nequipment failing any portion of this test may be sent to the manufacturer for examination and then returned to NIOSH. However, the hardware tested shall be \nheld at the testing laboratory until author ized for release by the RCT Leader, or \nhis designee, following the standard ope rating procedures outlined in Procedure \nfor Scheduling, and Processing Post-C ertification Product Audits, RB-SOP-\n0005-00. \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \n Uncontrolled Copy Procedure No. RCT-ASR-STP-0100 Revision: 1.1 Date: 3 June 2005 Page 5 of 7 \n \n \nSTRENGTH OF HOSES AND COUPLINGS, TYPE C AND CE, \nSUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATORS \n \n Project No : \n Date: \n \nCompany : \n Respirator Type: \n Reference: 42 CFR, Part 84, Subpart J, Section 84.150, Table 8. \n \nRequirement: Hose and couplings shall not exhibit any separation or failure when tested with a pull of \n45 kg. (100 pounds) for 5 minutes and when simultaneously subjecting them to an internal air pressure of 2 times the maximum respirator-supply pressure that is specified \nby the applicant or at 173 kN/m.\n2 (25 pounds per square inch) gauge, whichever is higher. \n Test Apparatus Used: 100 lb. weight \n / Strain Gauge \n Test Data: : Hose internal air pressure - \n (psig) \n \n : Pounds of pull or tension - (lbs.) \n : Test time period - \n (min - sec) \n Evaluation: : Separation or failure occurred at a coupling: YES \n / NO \n \n: Separation or failure occurred in the hose: YES / NO \n Comments : \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nTest Engineer: \n PASS FAIL \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \n Uncontrolled Copy Procedure No. RCT-ASR-STP-0100 Revision: 1.1 Date: 3 June 2005 Page 6 of 7 \n \n \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \n Uncontrolled Copy Procedure No. RCT-ASR-STP-0100 Revision: 1.1 Date: 3 June 2005 Page 7 of 7 \n \n Revision History \n \nRevision Date Reason for Revision \n1.0 27 June 2001 Historic document \n1.1 3 June 2005 Update header and format to reflect lab move from Morgantown, WV \nNo changes to method \n \n \n \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \nUncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n Uncontrolled Copy \n \n Uncontrolled Copy "
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "UA3OOIACW35JEO2KZX4QCFGCAQFNNRVC.pdf",
"text": "Contact Bobby Scott\nIf you want to share your comments or views on a Federal issue you can email me from this\npage. Please Click the link below to e-mail me. The first step will be to verify your zip code on\nthe next page, which will bring you to a short email form to ensure that I receive your contact\ninformation.\n \nIf you need immediate assistance, please call my Newport News Office at (757) 380-1000 or my\nRichmond Office at (804) 644-4845 and a member of my staff will assist you.\n \nTo ensure that your correspondence is responded to as promptly as possible, please note the\nfollowing before e-mailing Rep. Scott:\n \n - CASEWORK : If you need assistance with a Federal Agency, please click here . \n - TOURS: If you are planning a trip to Washington, DC and would like help scheduling\nCongressional tours, please click here . \n - MEDIA INQUIRIES: If you are a member of the Press, please direct all Media Inquiries to\nthe Press Secretary in the Washington Office (202-225-8351). \n - SCHEDULING: If you would like to invite Congressman Scott to an event, please click\nhere . \n E-Mail Rep. Bobby Scott \nIf you prefer, please feel free to call or write one of my offices:\n \nWashington, DC Office\n1201 Longworth House Office Building\nWashington, DC 20515\n(202) 225-8351 | FAX (202) 225-8354\n \nHampton Roads Office\n2600 Washington, Ave, Suite 1010\nNewport News, VA 23607\n(757) 380-1000 | FAX (757) 928-6694\n \n 1 / 2 Contact Bobby Scott\nRichmond Area Office\n400 N 8th Street, Suite 430\nRichmond, VA 23219\n(804) 644-4845 | FAX (804) 648-6026\n \n 2 / 2"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "46GSXB43D2TH7HJXKW6TMVNR4RIKCUEO.pdf",
"text": "U.S. Department of Homeland Security \n20 Mass Ave., N.W., Rm. A3042 \nWashington, DC 20529 \nU.S. Citizenship \nand Immigration \nPETITION: Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker Pursuant to Section I0 1 (a)(l 5)(H)(i)(b) of the \nImmigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. 9 1 10l(a)(l5)(H)(i)(b) \nON BEHALF OF PETITIONER: \nSELF-REPRESENTED \nINSTRUCTIONS: \nThis is the decision of the Administrative Appeals Office in your case. All documents have been returned to \nthe office that originally decided your case. Any further inquiry must be made to that office. \nRobert P. Wiemann, Director \nAdministrative Appeals Office WAC 04 087 5 1745 \nPage 2 \nDISCUSSION: The director of the service center denied the nonirnrnigrant visa petition and the matter is now \nbefore the Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) on appeal. The appeal will be rejected pursuant to 8 C.F.R. \n0 103.3(a)(2)(v)(A). \nThe petitioner is a law firm that seeks to employ the beneficiary as a foreign law advisor. The director denied \nthe petition on the basis that the proffered position did not meet the definition of a specialty occupation. \nThe Form G-28, Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Representative, submitted along with the Form I-290B, \nindicates that the beneficiary retained counsel to file the appeal. CIS regulations prohibit the beneficiary of a visa \npetition, or a representative acting on a beneficiary's behalf, from filing an appeal. 8 C.F.R. 0 103.3(a)(l)(iii)(B). \nAs the appeal was not properly filed, it will be rejected. 8 C.F.R. 8 103.3(a)(2)(v)(A)(l). \nORDER: The appeal is rejected as improperly filed. "
} |
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"pdf_file": "QOGDHC6YZPFATRADZTZJ4U27VIHSXA3Z.pdf",
"text": "Contract Declaration and ExecutionEXPIRATION DATE:STATE OF IOWA\nMASTER AGREEMENTEFFECTIVE BEGIN DATE:\nPAGE: of005MA# 005 CT3016\n06-01-2008\n05-31-2009\n1 4\nEMAIL:PHONE:\nFOBPHONE:\nEMAIL:EXT:VENDOR CONTACT:VENDOR:ISSUER:\nBARBARA SULLIVAN\nBarbara.Sullivan@iowa.gov515-281-5922\nContract For:\nFLEET FUEL CARD SERVICES\nContract to Provide FLEET FUEL CARD SERVICES-WRIGHT EXPRESS UNIVERSAL CARD, pursuant to the\nspecifications, terms and conditions of Sealed Bid Proposal LT00336 (between the Iowa Department of Transportation,\nOperations & Finance Division, Ames, Iowa and the Iowa Department of Administrative Services, Des Moines, Iowa) let by\nDOT on March 17, 2006. PROMPT PAYMENT DISCOUNT OF 0.165% OF ALL RETAIL TRANSACTIONS ON AGENCY'S\nACCOUNTS IF INVOICE IS PAID IN FULL WITHIN 15 CALENDAR DAYS OF THE BILLING DATE APPEARING ON THE\nAGENCY'S INVOICE. The Prompt Payment Discount will be calculated by multiplying 0.165% by the total dollar amount of\nmonthly retail transactions and will not apply to any ancillary fees or charges appearing on Agency's account. The Prompt\nPayment Discount shall be paid to each Agency monthly in arrears.\nRENEWAL OPTIONS\ntrue\nFROM TO\n06-01-2007 05-31-2008\nFROM TO\n06-01-2008 05-31-2009\nFROM TO\n06-01-2009 05-31-2010\nFROM TO\n06-01-2010 05-31-2011\nFROM TO\n06-01-2011 05-31-2012\nAUTHORIZED DEPARTMENT\nfalse\nALL\nEMAIL:PHONE:\nFOBPHONE:\nEMAIL:EXT:VENDOR CONTACT:VENDOR:ISSUER:Martin B Howgate\n207-523-6018WRIGHT EXPRESS FINANCIAL\n3995 S 700 E Ste 450UT 84107\nSalt Lake City, UT 84107\nUSA\nAGENCY NAME\nAddressDate Signed\nPrinted Name and Title of Person SigningBY (Authorized Signature) BY (Authorized Signature) Date Signed\nAddressPrinted Name and Title of Person SigningCONTRACTOR'S NAME (If other than an individual, state whether a\ncorp., partnership, etc.CONTRACTOR STATE OF IOWAIN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement has been executed by the parties hereto. Contract Declaration and ExecutionEXPIRATION DATE:STATE OF IOWA\nMASTER AGREEMENTEFFECTIVE BEGIN DATE:\nPAGE: of005MA# 005 CT3016\n06-01-2008\n05-31-2009\n2 4\n LINE\nNO.QUANTITY /\nSERVICE DATES UNITCOMMODITY / DESCRIPTIONUNIT COST / PRICE OF\nSERVICE\n0.00000 95841 $0.000000\n$0.000000 FROM:06-01-2008 TO:05-31-20091\nFleet Management Services\nFLEET FUEL CARD SERVICES agreement between the Iowa Department of\nTransportation and the Iowa Department of Administrative Services and\nWright Express Financial Services. Contract Declaration and ExecutionEXPIRATION DATE:STATE OF IOWA\nMASTER AGREEMENTEFFECTIVE BEGIN DATE:\nPAGE: of005MA# 005 CT3016\n06-01-2008\n05-31-2009\n3 4\nTERMS AND CONDITIONS\nIncorporation\nThe Request for Proposal and/or bid documents for this project and the vendor's proposal in response to the RFP or Bid together with any\nclarifications, attachments, appendices, or amendments of the State or the Vendor are incorporated into this Contract by reference as if fully\nset forth in this Contract.\nRemedies upon Default\nIn any case where the vendor has failed to deliver or has delivered non-conforming goods and/or services, the State shall provide a cure\nnotice. The notice to cure shall state the maximum length of time the vendor has to cure. If after the time period stated in the notice to cure\nhas passed, the vendor continues to be in default, the State may procure goods and/or services in substitution from another source and\ncharge the difference between the contracted price and the market price to the defaulting vendor. The State's Attorney General shall be\nrequested to make collection from the defaulting vendor.\nForce Majeure\nForce majeure includes acts of God, war, civil disturbance and any other causes which are beyond the control and anticipation of the party\naffected and which, by the exercise of reasonable diligence, the party was unable to anticipate or prevent. These provisions of force\nmajeure also apply to subcontractors or suppliers of the Vendor. Force majeure does not include financial difficulties of the Vendor or any\nassociated company of the Vendor, or claims or court orders that restrict the Vendor's ability to deliver the goods or services contemplated\nby this Agreement. Neither the Vendor nor the State shall be liable to the other for any delay or failure of performance of this Agreement\ncaused by a force majeure, and not as a result of the fault or negligence of a party.\nSubcontractors\nThe successful vendor shall be responsible for all acts and performance of any subcontractor or secondary supplier that the successful\nvendor may engage for the completion of any contract with the State. A delay that results from a subcontractor's conduct, negligence or\nfailure to perform shall not exempt the vendor from default remedies. The successful vendor shall be responsible for payment to all\nsubcontractors and all other third parties.\nTermination-Non-Appropriation\nNotwithstanding any other provision of this contract, if funds anticipated for the continued fulfillment of this contract are at any time not\nforthcoming or insufficient, either through the failure of the State to appropriate funds, discontinuance or material alteration of the program for\nwhich funds were provided, then the State shall have the right to terminate this contract without penalty by giving not less than thirty (30)\ndays written notice documenting the lack of funding, discontinuance or program alteration.\nImmunity of State/Fed Agencies\nThe vendor shall defend and hold harmless the State and Federal funding source for the State of Iowa from liability arising from the vendor's\nperformance of this contract and the vendor's activities with subcontracted and all other third parties.\nAssignment\nVendors may not assign contracts or purchase orders to any party (including financial institutions) without written permission of the General\nServices Enterprise - Purchasing.\nAnti-Trust Assignment\nFor good cause and as consideration for executing this purchase order, the vendor, through its duly authorized agent, conveys, sells,\nassigns, and transfers to the State of Iowa all rights, title and interest in and to all causes of action it may now or hereafter acquire under the\nanti-trust laws of the United States and the State of Iowa, relating to the particular goods or services purchased or acquired by the State of\nIowa pursuant to the using State of Iowa agency.\nDelivery and Acceptance\nWhen an award has been made to a vendor and the purchase order issued, deliveries are to be made in the following manner.\nA. Deliveries - All deliveries are to be made only to the point specified on the purchase order. If delivery is made to any other point, it shall\nbe the responsibility of the vendor to promptly reship to the correct location. Failure to deliver procured goods on time may result in\ncancellation of an order or termination of a contract at the option of the State.\nB. Delivery Charges - All delivery charges should be to the account of the vendor whenever possible. If not, all delivery charges should be\nprepaid by vendor and added to the invoice.\nC. Notice of Rejection - The nature of any rejections of a shipment, based on apparent deficiencies disclosed by ordinary methods of\ninspection, will be given by the receiving agency to the vendor and carrier within a reasonable time after delivery of the item, with a copy of\nthis notice to the General Services Enterprise - Purchasing. Notice of latent deficiencies which would make items unsatisfactory for the\npurpose intended may be given by the State of Iowa at any time after acceptance.\nDelivery and Acceptance (cont)\nD. Disposition of Rejected item - The vendor must remove at the vendor's expense any item rejected by the State. If the vendor fails to\nremove that rejected item, the State may dispose of the item by offering the same for sale, deduct any accrued expense and remit the\nbalance to the vendor.\nE. Testing After Delivery - Laboratory analysis of an item or other means of testing may be required after delivery. In such cases, vendors\nwill be notified in writing that a special test is being made and that payment will be withheld until completion of the testing process.\nTitle to Goods\nThe vendor warrants that the goods purchased hereunder are free from all liens, claims or encumbrances.\nIndemnification\nTo the extent that goods are not manufactured in accordance with the State's design, the vendor shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless Contract Declaration and ExecutionEXPIRATION DATE:STATE OF IOWA\nMASTER AGREEMENTEFFECTIVE BEGIN DATE:\nPAGE: of005MA# 005 CT3016\n06-01-2008\n05-31-2009\n4 4\nthe State of Iowa, the State's assignees, and other users of the goods from and against any claim of infringement of any Letter Patent, Trade\nNames, Trademark, Copyright or Trade Secrets by reason of sale or use of any articles purchased hereunder. The State shall promptly\nnotify the vendor of any such claim.\nNondiscrimination\nThe vendor is subject to and must comply with all federal and state requirements concerning fair employment and will not discriminate\nbetween or among them by reason of race, color, religion, sex, national origin or physical handicap.\nWarranty\nThe vendor expressly warrants that all goods supplied shall be merchantable in accordance with the Uniform Commercial Code, Section\n2-314 and the Iowa Code, Section 554.2314.\nTaxes\nThe State of Iowa is exempt from the payment of Iowa sales tax, motor vehicle fuel tax and any other Iowa tax that may be applied to a\nspecified commodity and/or service. Contractors performing construction activities are required to pay state sales tax on the cost of\nmaterials. The Iowa Department of Revenue exemption letter will be furnished to a vendor upon request.\nHazardous Material\nAll packaging, transportation, and handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with applicable federal and state regulations\nincluding, but not limited to, the Material Safety Data Sheet provision of O.S.H.A. Hazard Communication Standard 29CFR 1910.1200, and\nIowa Administrative Code, Chapter 567.\nPublic Records\nThe laws of the State of Iowa require procurement records to be made public unless exempted by the Code of Iowa.\nMiscellaneous\nThe terms and provisions of this contract shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Iowa. Any and all litigation or actions\ncommenced in connection with this contract shall be brought in Des Moines, Iowa, in Polk County District Court for the State of Iowa. If\nhowever, jurisdiction is not proper in Polk County District Court, the action shall only be brought in the United States District Court for the\nSouthern District or Iowa, Central Division, providing that jurisdiction is proper in that forum. This provision shall not be construed as waiving\nany immunity to suit or liability, which may be available to the State of Iowa.\nIf any provision of this contract is held to be invalid or unenforceable, the remainder shall be valid and enforceable.\nRecords Retention\nThe vendor shall maintain books, records, and documents which sufficiently and properly document and calculate all charges billed to the\nState of Iowa throughout the term of this Agreement for a period of at least five (5) years following the date of final payment or completion of\nany required audit, whichever is later. The vendor shall at, no charge, permit the Auditor of the State of Iowa, or any authorized\nrepresentative of the State (or where federal funds are involved, the Comptroller General of the United States or any other authorized\nrepresentative of the United States government) to access and examine, audit, excerpt and transcribe any directly pertinent books,\ndocuments, papers, electronic or optically stored and created records, or other records of the vendor relating to orders, invoices, or\npayments documentation or materials pertaining to this Agreement.\nIndependent Contractor\nThe vendor is an independent contractor performing services for the State of Iowa, and as such shall not hold itself out as an employee or\nagent of the State.\nPerformance Monitoring\nFor all service contracts, the requirements of Iowa Code sections 8.47 shall be incorporated into final terms and conditions of the contract."
} |
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"pdf_file": "L4EMZQ6EPUAWG2XOMWGBHS4OSPSTVZQJ.pdf",
"text": " \n \n \n1800 Washington Boulevard | Baltimore, MD 21230-1718 | www.mde.state.md.us \n410-537-3000 | 800-633-6101 | TTY Users: 800-735-2258 \nFacts About… \n \nDepartment of the Environment Turf Valley Villages Phase 1 and 3 \n(Voluntary Cleanup Program) \n \nSite Description: \n \nThis 30.95-acre parcel, a subdivision of the Turf Valley Golf Course and Resort, is located at 2700 Turf \nValley Road, Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland. The property is bordered to the north and west by \nremaining acres of the Turf Valley Golf Course a nd Resort, beyond which to the east are single-family \nresidences. Bordering the property to the south is the maintenance area of the Turf Valley resort, and to the \neast is Interstate 70. The property is located in a groun dwater use area of Howa rd County and groundwater flow beneath the \nproperty is to the south. The clos est potable water supply wells located within a 0.5-mile radius of the \nproperty are to the west on the remaining acres of the Turf Valley Golf Course and Reso rt. The property is \nimproved with three out-of-play golf hole complexes. \nSite History: \n \n \nLand title records indicate private ownership of th e property until 1996, when the current owners, Mangione \nEnterprises of Turf Valley Limited Partnership, acquired the property. Th e property was utilized as \nagricultural land until 1952, and as a golf course between 1990 and 2002. The property currently consists of \nwoods, dense vegetation and out-of-play golf hole complexes with associated asphalt paved golf cart paths. \n \nEnvironmental Investigations and Actions: \n \nSeveral environmental investigations have been perf ormed at the property. Ph ase I environmental site \nassessments (ESAs) were conducted at the proper ty in March 2005 and September 2007, which identified \nnuisance debris piles on the property. In August 2004, a Phase II ESA was completed at the prop erty which included the analysis of surface soil \nsamples from the golf course features on site for arsenic, lead mercury and pesticides. The analytical results \nfrom the samples collected from the existing tees, greens and fairways identified arsenic, mercury and lead at \nthe property. In May 2005, soil samples were collected at the property that identified lead and ar senic in the surface soil \nlocated on site. Between November 2005 and January 2006, areas on the Phase 1 portion of the property \nwere excavated. Soil samples were collected in the excavated areas loca ted at the property. The analytical \nresults of the soil samples collected indicated the pres ence of metals at the propert y at concentrations below \nthe Maryland Department of the Environment’s (MDE’s) Cleanup Standards for Soil and Groundwater. \n Between October 2009 and December 2009, an additional environmental investigation, which included the \ncollection of groundwater and additional soil samples, wa s performed at the property. The analytical results \nof the groundwater samples collected at the property indicated the presen ce of metals at concentrations \nbelow the Environmental Protection Agency’s maximu m contaminant levels for all identified compounds. \n \n \n1800 Washington Boulevard | Baltimore, MD 21230-1718 | www.mde.state.md.us \n410-537-3000 | 800-633-6101 | TTY Users: 800-735-2258 \nThe soil analytical results identified the presence of metals, including elemental mercury, pesticides and \nsemi-volatile organic compounds in the surface and subsurface soils on site. \n In March 2010, mercury vapor samples were collected at the property in order to evaluate whether the \nconcentrations of elemental mercury present in the surficial soils at th e property posed a risk from vapor \nintrusion to indoor ai r. Based on the analytical results of the mercury vapo r samples collected at the \nproperty, the Department determined that the concentratio ns of elemental mercury in the surficial soil did not \npose a vapor intrusion to i ndoor air risk at the site. \n \nCurrent Status:\n \n \nTwo entities, Mangione Enterprises of Turf Valley, Lim ited Partnership and Villages at Turf Valley LLC \nsubmitted Voluntary Cleanup Program (VCP) applicati ons for the property on October 20, 2008, seeking a \nNo Further Requirement Determination (NFRD). Duri ng the review of the appl ication package and all \nadditional documents, the Department determined that the property did not qualify for a NFRD, and required \nthe submittal of a Response Action Plan (RAP). On February 19, 2010, the Department accepted the VCP application submitted by Mangione Enterprises of Turf Valley, Limited Partnership and Villages at Turf Valley LLC for the Turf Valley Villages Phase 1 and 3 property into the VCP and requested the development of a proposed RAP in order to address potential risks \nassociated with the property. The Department is currently awaiting the submitta l of the proposed RAP for \nthe property. \nContact:\n \n \nFor additional information, please contact th e Land Restoration Program at (410) 537-3493. \n \nLast Update: April 2010 \n "
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "L3YHCAZRLQVYA7O4G6SG5BQHUREJTYQO.pdf",
"text": "DEPARTMENT OFTHENAVY\nFACILITIES MANAGMENT DEPARTMENT\nNAVAL HOSPITAL\nCAMPLEJEUNE, NC28542-5008\n11019\nlODec87\nFrom:\nTo:\nSubJ:\nRef\n1.Head, Facilities Management Department\nHead, Fiscal\nNAVHOSP CAMPLEJEUNE FACILITIES SPECIAL PROJECTS PROGRAM FORFY-88-89\n(a)COMNAVMEDCOM MIDLANTREG NORFOLK VA071445Z NOV87\nThefollowing information isprovided asasubject project status:\n..SPECIAL PROJECT\nNUFIBER\n--R1-86_\n(,RI-87\nC1-86\nRC2-86TITLE\nInsul. Chilled Water Lines\nRepairs toMedGasOutlets\n.Provide AddnBoiler/Deaerator\nProvide A/CinMedDrug\nRepairs/Alterations Bldg 15\nRepairs/Alterations BldgM128DESIGN STAGE\n10-35%\n35-75%\n10-35%\n10-35%\n35-75%\n35-75%\n2.Reference (a)granted authority toproceed with theabove designs.\nAscanbeseenalldesign contracts havebeenawarded andareinthe\nearly development stage.\n3.Please call ifyouhave anyques\nCopy to:\nENSKnotts.\n "
} |
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"text": "AGREENER BLUE? \nConference wrapup ......... 3\nPOLLUTION \nConference, cont’d .......... 6\nRESTORATION \nConference, cont’d .......... 8\nLAND USE \nConference, cont’d .......... 9\nLADY LINCHPIN\nRETIRES .................. 10 INSIDE SOILED \nShortlybefore8:30a.m.onWednesday, \nNovember7,thecargoshipCoscoBusan—en \nroutetoSouthKoreafromthePortofOakland— \nranintoasupportpostfortheBayBridge, \ngashingitsfueltankandsending58,000gallons \nofoilintoSanFranciscoBay.Initialreportsbythe \nshippingcompanyputthesizeofthespillat400 \ngallons.Twelvehourslater,localofficialslearned \ntheresultsofaninitialinvestigationbystateand \nfederalagencies—thatthespillwasover100 \ntimesthesizefirstreported.\nWhenthosefirstoilydropshitthewater,no \nboomswereinplacearoundtheship.Soswirling \nBaycurrentsspreadtheoilfarandwide—hitting \nshorelinesfromSanFranciscotoBerkeleyto \nRichmondtoMarin—affectingbirds,fishand \notherwildlifethroughouttheBayandasfarout \nastheFarallons.\nThespillcouldn’thavecomeataworsetime: \nthousandsofmigratorybirdsspendtheirwinter \nmonthsintheEstuary.Threeweeksafterthespill, \ntheofficialtallyofoiledbirds(deadandalive) \ntotaledcloseto3,000,withpotentialbirdmortal-\nityashighas22,000(seesidebar).Morethan \nhalfofthebirdsaccountedfordiedfromexpo -\nsuretotheoil.\nPicturesofoiledducksandotherbirds \nappearedonpage1oflocalpapers,andthese \nimagesdrovemanypeople,likeNancyPowellof \nAlbany,toaction.ShedecidedonNovember9— \naFriday—towalknorthalongtheBayfrom \nEmeryvilletoseeiftherewasoiltocleanorbirds \ntosave.ShefoundsixoiledbirdsinBerkeley, \nacrossfromShorebirdPark.Noonewastending \ntothem,soshestoodtheretoprotectthem. \nWhileshestoodbythebirds,moreconcerned \npeopleshowedup,includingakayakerwhoran \nupfromthewatercarryinganoiledbird.Nearby, \nofficialswerebusydiscussingtheproperwayto \nwearaHazmatsuit.Powellnoticedthatautho -\nrizedbirdcaptureteamsthatwerehastilybeing \nassembled(consistingofstateandfederal\nemployees)werepoorlyequipped.“Theyhada \nfewtrainees,nonets.Notowelstoputinboxes totakethebirdsanywhere,”saysPowell.“They \nborrowednetsfromtheShorebirdNatureCenter, \nandtheywereabletocatchacoupleofbirdson \nthatbeach.” \nPowellhadseenaspillontheBaytenyears \nago,andshehadhelpedcleaningoiledbirds.So \nshehadexperience,andserendipitously,she \nfoundotherwould-bevolunteersthatmorningat \nShorebirdParkwithbackgroundsinwildliferes -\ncueandastrongdesiretodosomething.The \nvolunteersboughtover$500worthoffishing \nnetsandtowelsfromlocalstores,andspentthe \ndayhelpingrescuebirdsinBerkeley.Thegroup \nalsorecruiteddriverstotakebirdstotheCordelia \nwildlifecenter.Later,theunofficialgroup(warned \nthattheycouldbearrested)movedtoAlbany, \nwheretheyrescuedbirdsandtransportedbirds \nbeingcaughtbyhomelesspeople. \nWhenthegrouparrivedatHoffmanMarshon \nthestretchofshorelinecurvingbetweenPoint \nIsabelleandtheRichmondInnerHarborthethird \ndayfollowingthespill,theyfoundoiledbirdson \ntherocksandbeachesbeingchasedbydogsand \ntheirowners,butnoonetakingchargeofthesit -\nuation—noteventodocrowdcontrol. \n“ARichmondfiretruckwasthere,andhesaid, \n‘Yeah,Ireallythinkthistrailshouldbeclosedoff, \nbutIdon’thavetheauthoritytodoit,’”said \nPowell,who,alongwithothermembersofher \ngroup,againtookmattersintotheirownhands. \nTheyorganizedabird-rescuenetworkwithpeo -\nplehandlingtaskssuchasclosingoffthe \nshoreline,takingreportsofoiledbirdsalongthe \nshore,andcatchingandtransportingbirds.Over \nthecourseofaweek,saysPowell,hergroupres -\ncuedover50birds.\n“ThepersonrunningtheOiledWildlifeCare \nNetworkcommandcenterkepttryingtotellme, \n‘Youknow,thereisunauthorizedcollectionof \nbirdsgoingon,’”explainsanincredulousPowell. \n“AndthemessageIkeptsendingbackwasthat \n‘yougetauthorizedpeopleoutheretocoverthis \nwaterfront,andwearegoneimmediately.’”\nPowellandothersworkingtheRichmond \nshorelinethosefirstdaysafterthespillsaythere \nwereafewauthorizedpeopleonthewaterfront \ninRichmond—butonlyoneortwopeopleina \ntruckwithnocleanup—orbirdcapture—equip -\nD E C E M B E R 2 0 0 7 V O L U M E 1 6 , N O . 6 Y O U R I N D E P E N D E N T S O U R C E F O R B A Y - D E L T A N E W S & V I E W S THEPRICEOFOIL \nTheCoscoBusan \nspillclaimedthelives \nofatleast45species \nofbirds,rangingfrom \nthepelagicnorthern \nfulmarandparasitic \njaegertotheshore -\nboundfoxsparrow. \nSomewerehitharder \nthanothers.First \nimpressionsthatmostof \ntheoiledbirdsweresurfscotersaresup -\nportedbypreliminarydatafromthe \nInternationalBirdRescueResearch Center. \nAsofNovember20,accordingtoUCDavis \nspokespersonSylviaWright,morethan \ntwiceasmanysurfscotershadbeen \nbroughtinaliveasthenextmostfrequent \nspecies,thewesterngrebe.Thescotersalso \nheadedthelistofspeciesfounddead,fol-\nlowedagainbywesterngrebe.\nThetoptenspeciesfoundalivealso \nincludedeared,horned,andClark’sgrebes, \ngreaterandlesserscaup,andruddyduck, \ncommonloon,andcommonmurre.All\nthesebirdsforagebydivingfromthesur -\nfaceofthewater(grebes,cormorants,and \nmurresarefish-eaters,whilethethreeducks \neatbenthicmollusksandotheraquatic \ninvertebrates.)Otherforagingguilds—for \nexample,plunge-diversliketernsandpeli-\ncans—appear tohavebeenlessaffected. \nThemainexceptions:westerngullsand \nnorthernfulmars,significantnumbersof \nwhichwerefounddead. \nThesurfscoterisoneofthemostabun -\ndantbirdsinSanFrancisco Bayinfalland \nwinter;over75%oftheNorthAmerican \npopulationcongregateshere.Butlocal\nAudubonSocietyChristmasBirdCounts \nreporthighertotalsforgreaterscaupthan \nforscoter,alongwithsubstantialnumbers \nforruddyduckandbufflehead.Location \nmayaccountforsomeapparentpatternsin \nthespill.SouthernMarinhadthehighest \nCBCnumbersforwesterngrebe,which \nrankedsecondtosurfscoteramongspill\nvictims;earedgrebes,concentratedinthe \nSouthBay,hadfewerspillcasualties.\ncontinuedpage2 continuedpage2 \nPhotobyChri sClarke THEPRICEOFOIL,CONTINUED SOILED,CONTINUED \nDEC \n2007 \nment.Insomecases,agencyrepresen -\ntativeswerelostandneeded \ndirections—andofferedlittleintheway \nofhelp.LateSaturdayafternoon,a \ntruckofworkersfromtheContraCosta \nHazardousMaterialsProgramcameon \ntheirownauthoritytocleanthecounty \nbeachesandboomofftheshoreline.\n“Theyarerealheroesinmybook,” \nsaysPowell.“BecausetheCoastGuard \napparentlytoldallofthelocalagencies \ntowaitfordirectionfromthemand \nContraCostasaid,‘Nope.’” \nButbecausethiswasthethirdday \nafterthespill,someoftheworkofthe \ncountyhazardousmaterialsworkers \nhadlittleeffect—boomstheywereable \ntoputintotheBayactuallyhemmedintheoil\nalongtheshoreline.Powellandotherssaythese \nworkerswerefrustratedatnothearingsooner \nabouttheextentofthespill.Andtheywereham -\nstrungbyalackofproperequipment.“They \nactuallywantedtoboomofftheRichmond \nmarsh,buttheycouldn’tgetaboat,”saysPowell. \nTheCaliforniaOfficeofOilSpillPreventionand \nResponse(“OSPR”)—undertheaegisofCalFish \n&Game—createdamapoftheBayshowingthe \nareashardesthitbythespill.Richmond,which,at \n32milesofshoreline,isthecitywiththelongest \ncoastlineonSanFranciscoBay,isidentifiedonthe \nmapasamongthoseareas.Hotspotsincluded \nBrooksIsland,hometoabirdsanctuary,and \nBarbaraandJayVincentPark,oneofthelocations \nwherePowellandherfellowvolunteersworked. \nWiththeexceptionoftwobirdcapturersfrom \nInternationalBirdRescuewhoshowedupon \nMondayandhergrassrootsgroup,saysPowell, \nnoonefromstateorfederalagenciesrescued \nbirdsinRichmondthatfirstweekend.\nTheexperiencesofPowellandtheothersin \nRichmondisamicrocosmofthesituationelse -\nwhere.TheEnvironmentalWaterCaucus’David \nNesmithreportedasimilarfiascoalongthe \nOaklandshoreline.“It’sascandaltohaveallof \nthishumaninfrastructurepotential[volunteers] \noutthereandtonothaveusedit.IthinkOSPR \ncompletelyscreweduponthis.”Localofficials \nincludingBerkeleyAssemblywomanLoniHancock \nalsowantedtoknowwhyeventsunfoldedthe \nwaytheydid;Hancockconvenedthefirsthearing \nlookingintothespillinEmeryvilleonNovember \n15,ninedaysafterthespill. \nPresentatthishearingwasGregHurner, \ndeputydirectorofOSPR.Hebroughtafour-inch \nthickbinderandrecitedchapterandversefromit \nregardingtheproceduresfollowedbytheagency, \nthegallonsofoilrecovered,thenumbersofskim -\nmersontheBay,andeventheamountofboom \ndeployed.Still,noneofthatplacatedHancock. \nWhatshewantedwasaccountability. “Somyquestiontoyou,really,wouldbe...in \nyourbestprofessionaljudgment,whatwent \nwrong?”Hurnerreplied,“I’mnotsayingthatany -\nthingwentwrong.” \nMembersofthepackedaudiencegaspedand \nshooktheirheadsindismayathisresponse. \nHurnerwasnotaloneinthisassessment.Four \ndayslater,atahearinginSanFrancisco’sPresidio, \naU.S.Congressionaldelegationthatincluded \nHouseSpeakerNancyPelosi(D-SanFrancisco)and \nCongressmanGeorgeMiller(D-Martinez),U.S. \nCoastGuardRearAdmiralCraigBonedeemedthe \ncleanupeffort,“oneofthemostsuccessful\ncleanupsI’veeverexperienced.”SylviaWright, \nwiththeOiledWildlifeCareNetworkatUCDavis, \nsaidthat“Whilequestionsremaintobeanswered \naboutthespillresponseitself,thereisnodoubt \nthatthewildliferescueeffortwasassuccessfulasit \ncouldpossiblyhavebeen,thankstolong-range \nplanningandadvancetrainingof1,000wildlife \nrescueindividualsfromthroughoutthestate.” \nPelosididnotagree.“Thepeoplewerepresentare \nnotsatisfiedwiththisresponse,”shesaid.\nNorweresomeoftheauthorizedwildlife \nrespondersontheshorelinewhospokeanony -\nmouslyoutoffearoflosingtheirjobs.Saidone, \n“Ireally,really,reallydon’twanttobeleftinthe \nfieldagaininCaliforniawithonlyonedipnetfor \nequipmentwith20milesofshorelinetopatrol\nwithhundredsofoiledbirdseverywhereIlook. \nFishandGamehasmillionofdollarstocarefor \nthesebirds,andIgetonelousydipnet?” \nAsESTUARYwenttopress,Hancockwashold -\ninganotherhearingandPelosipledgedthat \nCongresswouldcontinueitsprobe;fiveAssembly \nmembershavedraftednewspilllegislationwhile \nfivesenatorshavedemandedanindependent \nauditofCalFish&Game.UnifiedCommand—a \njointagencymadeupoftheCoastGuard,Cal\nFish&Game,andO’BrienGroup,thefirmhired \nbytheshippingcompanytodealwiththespill— \nbegancleaningtheRichmondShorelineon \nNovember15,ninedaysaftertheaccident.KC 2\nPhotobyRonSullivan \nOthervariablesmayincludehowsus -\nceptibledifferentspeciesaretobunkeroil. \nComparedwithcrudeoil,littleisknown \naboutthetoxicityandpersistenceof \nbunkeroil,althoughithasbeenshownto \ndamagethereproductivesystemsoflabo -\nratorymink.Itvarieschemicallyfrombatch \ntobatch;theexactcontentoftheCosco \nBusan’sfuelisnotyetknown.Onestudy \nfoundthatmajoroilspillsinwestern \nEuropedoubledthewintermortalityof \ncommonmurres,whethertheculpritwas \ncrudeorbunkeroil. \nEndanger edspeciesaffectedbythespill\nincludemarbledmurrelet, westernsnowy \nplover,andbrownpelican.Several\nImportantBirdAreas,includingRichardson \nBay,EastShoreWetlands,andBrooksIsland \nwereimpacted;BrooksIsland’sbreeding \nCaspianternswerenothome. \nUCDavisresearchersheadedbyMichael\nZiccardiandGregMasseyareusingthe \ncatastrophetolearnmoreaboutcareand \nsurvivalofoiledbirds.Theyplantoanalyze \nbloodsamplestodeterminethebestpre -\ndictorsofsurvivalandclarifythecausesof \nanemiainspillvictims.Upto30birdswill\nbeequippedwithexternalradiotransmit -\nterssotheirtravelsandsurvivalcanbe \nmonitoredoncethey’rereleased.\nByNovember30, \n338rehabilitated \nbirdshadbeen \nreturnedtooil-free \nshorelinesinSan \nMateoandMarin \nCounties.TheIBRRC \nsaid1,704had \nbeenfounddeadin \nthefield(977visibly \noiled);another586haddiedorbeeneuth -\nanizedattherescuecenter.Manyothers \nmayhavesunkintheBayortheocean,or \nbeeneatenbypredatorsandscavengers.If, \nasislikely,onlyoneofeverytencasualties \nisbeingretrieved,deathsresultingfrom \nthespillcouldexceed22,000. \nCONTACT:SylviaWright, \nswright@ucdavis.edu. JE \nPhotobyKristiCoale CONFERENCEWRAPUP:AGREENERBLUE? CONFERENCEWRAPUP:AGREENERBLUE? \nDEC \n2007 \nplishment.”Butthefrontierhasclosed,said \nNelson.Therearealternatives—cheaperones— \ntopumpingmorewater,hesaid.“Wecould \ndivertless,investinrecycledwater,andsave \nenergyandgreenhousegases.Weneedtoask \nourselveswhetherweareenteringtheeraof \nsustainabilityorcollapse.”\nRedefiningProgress’sGelobterdrewparallels \nbetweenHurricaneKatrinaandNewOrleans \nandthepotentialforsimilardisasterintheDelta \nifwedon’ttakeactiontopreventit.Ifwewere \ntobepro-activeinfixingtheDelta,said \nGelobter,“wecouldbeamodelfortheworld.” \nThepanelsessionconcludedwithGardnerask -\ningwhatthebusinesscommunitycandoto \nhelpprotecttheBayandDelta.Wunderman \nrespondedthatweneedtofocusonbetterinte -\ngratingtransitanddevelopment.“Wemadea \nmistake,”saidWunderman.“Wescreweditup \nbynothavingtheproperbalancebetween \nhousingandpublictransit.Butwe’rebeginning \ntogetit.It’stimetofocusontheurbancore \nanddevelopatransitsystemthatsupportsit. \nWehavetofigureouthowtoovercomethe \nresistancetochangethatisinherentinthebusi-\nnesscommunity.”\nThelatemorningandafternoonsessionswere \ndevotedtopresentationsonimportantchanges \nintheEstuaryandhowtheywillbemanaged. \nTheS.F.RegionalBoard’sTomMumleysug -\ngestedthatwithnewpollutantsconstantly \nemergingandpossiblyaffectingwaterquality, \nthestateshouldconsideradoptinga“California \nproductstewardshipcouncil”thatwouldrequire \nmanufacturerstoadopta“cradle-to-cradle” \napproachfortheirproductsinordertoreduce \nwasteandpollution.TheBoard’sRichardLooker \nbuiltonthattheme,pointingouthowmany \nsocietalbenefitshaveaparallelenvironmental\nimpact:controllingpestscanequalaquatictoxi-\ncity;preventingfirescanleadtoPBDEsinthe \nBayanditswildlife;healthandbeautyproducts \nnotremovedinwastewatertreatmentcandis -\nruptendocrineandotherfunctionsinfish;the \nproductsandprocessesleadingtoeconomic \nhealthhaveoftenledtolong-livedenvironmen -\ntalcontaminants.\nAnotheremergingchallengeforEstuary \nresourcemanagersisclimatechange(andasso -\nciatedsealevelrise).TheSFPUC’sMichaelCarlin \ndiscussedhowurbanwatermanagersaretrying \ntocope.“TheSanFranciscowatersupplyis \ngoingtoberaindominatedinsteadofsnow \ndominated,”saidCarlin.TheSFPUCplansto \ndiversifyitswatersources,hesaid,bybecoming \npartofaBayArea-wideregionaldesalination \nproject,byrelyingmoreongroundwater,and \nbyusinggraywatertoflushtoilets.\nU.C.Berkeley’sMattKondolfalsodiscussed \ntheimpactsclimatechangewillhave,particu -\nlarlyontheDelta,whichhewarnedcouldbe \n“NewOrleansEast.”“Wehavecreatedthesame 3\nThethemeofthisyear’sStateoftheEstuary \nconferencewas“AGreenerShadeofBlue,”and \ntheconferencereturnedamixedverdicton \nwhetherornottheEstuaryanditswatershedare \ninfact“greener.”OnanunusuallyrainyOctober \nmorning,OaklandcitycouncilpresidentJean \nFongwelcomedacrowdofnearly600peopleto \ntheScottishRiteCenteronLakeMerritt’sshores, \nremindingthemthatwaterqualityandrestora -\ntionareapriorityforOakland, whichwas \nrecentlynamedthecountry’s fifth-most-sustain -\nablecityandhaspassedMeasureDD,which \nprovides$200milliontorestoreLakeMerrittand \nOakland’screeks.Following Fong,ABAG’sHenry \nGardner,theBayAreaCouncil’sJimWunderman, \nNRDC’sBarryNelson,DeltaVisionBlueRibbon \nTaskForce’sPhilIsenberg,BCDC’sWillTravis,and \nRedefiningProgress’sMichelGelobter brain -\nstormedabouttheroleoftheDeltainthefuture \noftheBayArea.\n“Howcanwebalancesocialjustice,sustain -\nabledevelopment ,andtheenvironmentwhile \nmovingforwardwiththeBay-Delta?”asked \nGardner.“Manycitiesgrantedconditionaluse \npermitsinthecommunities closesttotheBayin \nlow-incomeandminoritycommunitiestosup -\nportavarietyofbusinessactivities.Thathada \ndevastatingimpactonsomeofthosecommuni-\nties,conditionsthatpersisttoday.” \nWundermanspokeoftheBay’simportance, \nbothasadrawfortourists,with260,000area \njobsdevotedtotourism,andasamajorattractor \nofnewresidents.HealsospokeofthePortof \nOakland’simportanceasthefifth-largestportin \ntheUnitedStatesandasaproviderofblue-collar \njobs.“ThePortofOaklandhastremendous \nexpansioncapabilitiesconsistentwiththeenvi-\nronmentalsustainabilityoftheBay,”Wunderm an \ndeclared.“It’sunderutilized asatransportation \nmechanism.”Wunderman assuredthecrowd \nthatthebusinesscommunity seesthehealthof \ntheBay-Deltaascritical.\nBCDC’sTravisjumpedrighttoclimate \nchange.HepredictedthatalloftheBayprevi-\nouslylosttofillwilleventuallybereclaimedby \nBaywaters.Othermanifestationsofclimate \nchangewillincludemorefrequentstormsurges, \nheavyrains,hightides,andhighwinds,plus \nextendeddroughtsandwildfires,hewarned.\n“[Climatechange]willhaveprofoundlocal\nimpacts.Weneedaplanthatanticipatesthat.” \nButthedevilisinthedetails,headmitted.“How \ndoweplanaregionandaBaythatwillsurely \ngetbigger?Wearegoingtohavetobuildalot \nofleveesthatarebigenoughandstrong \nenoughtoholdbackfloodsaroundtheairports. \nWealsoneedtotakeahardlookatwhereit \nmightbemostcost-effectivetoremoveexisting \ndevelopments andreplacethemwithwetlands, \nwhichabsorbfloodsandsequestercarbon.”Also \nonTravis’stodolist:“abandonanyfutureplans \ntodeveloplow-lying areas.”SaidTravis,“We needaplanfortheEstuarythatisboldand \naudacious.We’vegottostoptalkingabouthow \ntorestoreittothewayitwas;weneedto \ndesignfordifferentelevations,chemistry, \nspecies,todoproactivemanagement.Theissue \nisnotwhetherweareplayingGod—weare \nalreadydoingthat—buthowtogetitright.”\nIsenbergaddressedtheEstuary’spolitical\ngeography.“WhyaretheBayandDeltatwodif -\nferentpoliticalregionsdespitebeingconnected? \nIsayitisapureartifactofnotionsofregional\nself-importance—it’shumannaturethateachof \nusisthecenteroftheuniverse.”Isenbergtold \nthelargelyBayAreacrowd“yourstrengthis \nyourweakness.Youagreedonwhatitmeantto \nsavetheBay,playingtothestrengthofregional\nimportance.”Butnow,theforgottenDeltamust \ntakecenterstage,saidIsenberg.TheDeltaVision \nTaskForcewaschargedwithcreatingaplanto \nprotectandimprovetheDeltaecosystem,said \nIsenberg,whileatthesametimeprotectingand \nimprovingthestate’swatersupplysystem.“The \nDeltaecosystemisgoingtohell.Notoneperson \nororganizationhassaidthattheDeltaisingood \nshape.[TheDeltaissue]iscollectivelymuch \nmorethantheBayAreabecauseit’sthetransfer \npointofallthewaterthatcomesin.Where \nshouldthestategoonthequestionofthe \necosystem?”Isenbergpointedoutthatitisnot \njusttheswimmingpoolsofSouthernCalifornia \nandCoachellaValleytakingwaterfromthe \nDelta;itisalso—andhasbeenforalongtime— \ntheBayArea.“Itcan’tbe‘ourwaterprojectsare \ngood,andtheirsarebad.’”\nNRDC’sNelsonpresentedhimselfasthe \n“panelhistorian,”takingthecrowdthroughkey \ndatesintheBay’shistoryandhowitsrolehas \nchangedfromwhenitwasdiscoveredby \nEuropeanstominingandcommercialinterests \ntothebuildingoftheCentralValleyProject, \nwhichhechristened“thedawnofthegolden \nageofthehydraulicfrontier.Webuiltthehigh -\nestdaminAmerica,themostelaborate \nplumbingsystem,andthelargestpumpsonthe \nfaceoftheplanet.Itwasanastonishingaccom -\n“Theissueisnot \nwhetherweare \nplayingGod—we \narealreadydoing \nthat—buthowto \ngetitright.” DEC \n2007 \nconditionsforasimilardisasterin \nCalifornia,”hesaid,describinghowlevees \nraisethefloodstage.“TheDeltaregionis \ngrowingfasterthanMexico.Housing \nbelowsealevelwillinevitablyflood.”\nSFEI’sJoshCollinssaidscientistsneed \ntocomeupwithanewsetoftoolsfor \nsimulatinghabitatresponsetoclimate \nchange,inordertomakechoicesamong \nscenarios.“Trackingchangeisnotenough,” \nsaidCollins.“Withtheincreased rateof \nchange,wetlandswon’tbeprotected. \nWetlandsshouldbeviewedintheirwater -\nshedcontext.There’salogicalprogression \nfromwatershed-basedwetlandplanning \ntoprotection.”\nOnepositivechangeinEstuaryman -\nagement,accordingtoBCDC’sSteve \nGoldbeck,istheprogressmadeinusing \ndredgedspoilsforbeneficialuses—i.e., \nwetlandrestorationprojects.Sincethe \nLongTermManagementStrategy(for \ndredgedmaterials)wasimplementedin \n1993,saidGoldbeck,thevolumeof \nmaterialdisposedofintheBayhasbeen \nreducedby50%.“Ourlong-termgoalis \ntohavenomorethanonemillioncubic \nyardsperyearofin-Baydisposal,”said \nGoldbeck.“Wearehalfwaythere.”\nAndCalFish&Game’sSusanEllis \ndescribedanotherpositivechange,exemplified \ninhowheragencyrespondedrapidlytothe \nquaggamusselinvasion.“Wehadaunified \nresponseusingincidentcommandwithstate \nandfederalagencies,MetropolitanWater \nDistrict,theCityofSanDiego,andamulti-state \nquaggateam.Wehavethemcontainedin \nSouthernCaliforniarightnow.”\nTheafternoonsessionfocusedonimportant \nchangestoaquaticresourcesandwildlife—fish, \nmammals,andbirds—intheEstuary.DWR’sTed \nSommerreviewedthestateofthelatestscience \nonthe“pelagicorganismdecline”(POD)of \nDeltaandlongfinsmelt,threadfinshad,and \nstripedbass.Probablythemostpressing—andas \nyetunanswered—questioniswhetherDelta \nsmelthavedroppedbelowcriticalpopulation \nlevels.Asfarasthecauseofthedecline,said \nSommer,scientistsareaskingthemselveswhere \nanythinghaschangedintheDelta,andhow \nandwhy.In2007,therewasincreasedtoxicity \nintheDeltafromcontaminantsandtoxicalgae \nthatmovedintocoreDeltasmelthabitat,a \ndeclineinrecruitmentandhabitatquality, \nreducedfoodavailabilityduetoinvasivespecies, \nandincreasedmortality.Therewasalsomore \nsmeltmortality atthepumpsinrecentwinters \nwhenpumping increasedtothepointofcreat -\ningnegativeflowsinOldandMiddlerivers,said \nSommer.“Atthisverymoment,scientistsfrom \nallovertheworldaretryingtofigure[thePOD] \nout,”saidSommers. U.S.EPA’sBruceHerboldbuiltuponSommer’s \ntalk,tellingtheaudiencethat“scientistshave \nfoundalotofwhatcausedthePOD,butthat’s \nnotgoingtosolvetheproblem.Everythingelse \nissecondarytothefactthattherearenotmany \nfishoutthere.”Herboldsaidthatgeneticdiver -\nsityinthesmeltpopulationmaybesolowatthis \npointthattheviabilityoftheiroffspringis \naffected.Anotherproblemisthattheirfallhabitat \nhasshrunkandmovedeastward.Why?“We’ve \nstabilizedflows,”saidHerbold.“Theyusedtobe \nveryvariable.”HerboldsuggestedthattheDelta \nhasbecomemorelikealake.“Thismeansless \nestuarinefish.ThePODmayhavebeenatipping \npoint—fromavariableestuarinesystemtoa \nsteadystate/lake-lagoontypeofsystem.”\nFish&Game’sKathyHiebbroadenedthe \nfocusfromtheDeltatothePacificOcean, \ndescribinghowchangesinoceantemperatures \nandnutrientsareaffectingtheEstuary’saquatic \ncritters.Inwarmwateryears,Dungenesscrab \nhavepoorembryoandlarvalsurvival,while \nPacificherring,whichgobackandforth \nbetweentheBayandtheoceantospawnand \nrear,respondpoorlytoElNiñoyears.“They \npreyonzooplankton,”saidHieb.“Whenthe \noceaniswarmer,therearelesszooplankton.” \nWithwarmeroceantemperatures,Hiebpre -\ndicted,therewillbepoorrecruitmentofcold \ntemperaturespecies,andmigrationtotheBay \nofmorewarmwatertropicalspecies.Shealso \npredictedmore“deadzones”fromtoxicalgal\nblooms,causedbytheincreaseinnutrients result -\ningfromwarmerwater. 4\nU.S.Fish&Wildlife’sJoelleBuffa \nswitchedthefocustomammals,dis -\ncussingthestateoftheendangeredsalt \nmarshharvestmouseandharborsealsat \nSouthBayrefuges.Buffadescribedhow \nmanagershavetakenvariousactions, \nincludingacquiringland,removingfill, \nreintroducingtidalaction,andconduct -\ningotherwatermanagementactivities, \ntoaidthemouse.Inoneinstance,they \ncreateda“mousepasture,”transplanting \nmicefromaproposeddevelopmentsite \nandtrackingthemafterwards.“We \nlearnedthatthemicedocolonizenew \nhabitats,andthatsalinityisimportant[to \nencouragepickleweedgrowth],”said \nBuffa.“Translocationcanbesuccessful\nwherethepopulationislowandwhere \nyoucreatehightiderefugia.”\nUSGS’sJohnTakekawapresentedan \navianperspectiveontheBay—which, \nbecausetherearesomanyspeciesof \nbirdswithsuchdifferentlifestyles—is \ncomplicated.“Ifyoudon’thavelong- \ntermdata,itisveryhardtomakesense \nofcomplexphenomena,”saidTakekawa. \nHeandhiscolleaguesarenowstudying \nthemovementsofindividuallymarked \nbirds.OnesurprisewasthattheSouth \nBay’sColmaCreek,surroundedbyindus -\ntry,isoneofthemostimportantspotsfor \nclapperrailsintheentireBay.Withmultiple \nrestorationprojectstakingplacearoundtheBay, \nsaidTakekawa,resourcemanagersneedtokeep \nlookingatalloftheprojectsfromabird’seye \nviewtoevaluatetheireffects.Headdedthat \nmigratorybirdsrespondedquicklytoSouthBay \nsaltpondrestoration,withoverallnumbers \nincreasingattheponds.“Butwillmudflatvalues \nbedecreased?”heasked.“Asmallchangeinthe \nelevationsofmudflatscouldmakeadifferentto \nshorebirdsifwestarthavingsealevelrise.Their \ntimeforforagingcouldbedecreased,along \nwithacorrespondingdecreaseinpopulation.”\nThemorningsessionofDayTworefocused \nontheDelta.TheCALFEDScienceProgram’s \nMichaelHealeysaidthatassealevelrises,new \ndevelopmentwillneedtobebetterplannedto \nreducetheriskofflooding.“TheDeltaofthe \nfutureisnotgoingtobethesameastoday,” \nsaidHealey,echoingTravis’scommentsabout \ntheBay.“Weneedtoplananddesignfora \nDeltathatwilldelivertheserviceswevalue.” \nHealeyalsostressedtheneedto“monitorand \nmassage”what’shappeningintheDelta.“There \narenorightorwrongsolutions;justbetteror \nworse.Weneedtotakeamuchmoreadaptive \napproach.Assoonasyouimposeonesolution, \nthesystemchangesinresponse,andyouhavea \nwholenewsetofproblemstodealwith.” \nThePublicPolicyInstitute’sEllenHanakgave \nanoverviewoftheDelta’svaluetosociety— \nwatersupply,agriculture,ecosystems,infra structure, \n DEC \n2007 \nrecreation,andhunting, amongothers.Withthe \nhousingmarketslowingdownatleasttemporar -\nily,saidHanak,theremightbeashort-term \nopportunitytomakechangesinthesystem. \n“There’stherealpossibilitythatwecould \nencounterbigproblemsintheDeltabeforea \nnewmanagementstrategyisinplace.There’sa \ntwo-thirdsriskofacatastrophicfailureoverthe \nnext50years,withearthquakesandsealevel\nrise.Whatthismeansintermsofthoseservices \nisthatthe‘bowls’[described byPWA’sPhil\nWilliams,seebelow]intheDeltawouldbefilled \nwithwatercomingfromtheBay.Wewould \nhavetoshutdownthepumpsforawhile.We \ncan’tgobacktotheDeltaof150yearsago,but \nwecan’tstandstilleither,”saidHanak.“The \nDelta’sfragilityisCalifornia’scentralwaterman -\nagementchallenge.”Hanakconcludedby \npredictingthat“everyonewillnotgetbetter \ntogetherintheDeltaofthefuture.”\nUSGS’sDanCayantoldthecrowdthatsea \nlevelriseinS.F.Bayhasfollowedthehistorical\npatternsofglobalsealevelrise,predictingthat \n“wecanexpectbothadrierandamorehaz -\nardouswaterfuture,andasaltierBay-Delta \nenvironment comparedwiththehistoricenvi-\nronment.”Cayanalsopredictedthatasediment \ndeficitwillprobablybeacharacteristicofthe \nfutureDeltaandsaidthatwarmingtempera -\nturesareapproachinglethallimitsforfish.“For \nsomefishspeciesintheDelta,anincreaseofa \ncoupleofdegreescouldcatapultthesituation \nintocatastrophe.”\nDWR’sRalphSvetichdescribedtheongoing \nDeltaRiskManagementStrategystudyexamin -\ningthefragilityoftheDelta’slevees.Phase1 \nexaminedtherisktoDeltaleveesfromearth -\nquakes,floods,sealevelrise,subsidence,anda \ncombinationofallofthoseoccurrences.An \nindependentreviewpanelwascriticalofthe \nreport,andarevisionispending.Phase2will\nevaluateindividualriskreductionstrategies \nbasedonrisksfoundinPhase1.Sofar,said \nSvetich,thepreliminaryphase1resultsshowa \nriskofislandinundationinfloodevents,witha \nhighprobabilityoffailureforwesternandcen -\ntralDeltaislands,afindingthatcloselymatches \nU.S.ArmyCorpsmodels.\nTheSuisunResourceConservati onDistrict’s \nSteveChappellremindedtheaudienceofthe \nimportance ofSuisunMarsh,the“forgotten \nlink”betweentheBayandDelta.Chappell\ndescribedtheriverotters,saltmarshharvest \nmice,short-earedowls,Suisunthistle,andother \nnativeandnon-nativespecies,includingfish, \nthatliveinandaroundthemarsh,andthemany \nmigratorywaterfowlanddivingducksthatuse \nit.Chappellalsodescribedtheprogrammatic \nCEQA/NEPAprocessunderway foraSuisun \nMarshmanagementplanthatincludessome \ntidalmarshrestoration.“Opportunitiesarebet -\nterinSuisunMarshforrestoratio nthaninthe \nDelta,”saidChappell.“Itisnotassubsided.”Of courseallrestorationispredicatedonwilling \nsellers,stressedChappell.“Salinityintrusionisa \nbigissue,”saidChappell.“Asaremercuryand \ncarbon.Wehavetoconsiderthoseinplan \nimplementation.”\nFollowingonthecarbontheme,USGS’s \nRogerFujiidescribedhowapilotprojectat \nTwitchellIslandfloodedtulestoencourage \ndecomposition,andrebuiltsubsidedsoilsatthe \nsametime.Asthetulesdieanddecay,the \nmarshsequesterscarbondioxideathigherrates \nthanagriculturalfields.Withmicrobialdecom -\npositionoffsetbybiomassaccretion,theland \nsurfacebuildsbackup.Fujiireportedelevation \ngainsofuptofourinchesperyear.Byincreasing \naccretionratestonineinchesperyear,the \nDelta’saccommodationspace(the“hugehole” \ndescribedbelow)couldbereducedby70%in \nfiveyears,saidFujii.Theamountofcarbondiox -\nidesequesteredwouldequalthereductionin \nemissionsifalltheSUVsinCaliforniawere \nswappedforPriuses,saidFujii.\nTheafternoonsessionbroadenedthefocusto \nthequestionofhowtointegraterestorationinto \nmanagingwatershedsforfloodprotection, \nrecreation,watersupply,andalaundrylistof \notherbeneficialhumanuses.FirstupwasPWA’s \nPhilWilliams,whostressedthatanymanage -\nmentactionstakentoimprovetheDeltawill\nalsoaffecttherestoftheEstuary.“We’vecreated \namassivehole—upto20feetbelowsealevel— \non340,000acresoffarmlandbehindleveesin \ntheDelta,”saidWilliams.“Idon’tbelievewe’ve \nfullygraspedhowthiswillaffectphysical\nprocessesandhowthatwillaffecttherestofthe \nEstuary.”Thathugeholeissubsidingaboutsix \ntimesfasterthansealevelisrising,saidWilliams, \nwhichmeansthat,ina“doomsday”scenario,a \nlargeportionofthisvolumecouldendupin \ntidalwaters.“ThewholetidalEstuarycouldget \nalotbigger,”saidWilliams.“TheareaofSan \nFranciscoBaywouldbedoubled,butjustas \nimportant,thephysicalprocesses—thetides,the \nmovementofsaltwaterandsedimentthatsus -\ntainstheBay—couldbesignificantlyaltered.”U.C.Berkeley’sMarkStaceymovedsouth,to \nthesaltpondrestorationproject,discussingits \npossibleeffectsontherestoftheSouthBay.Ina \nstudyoftheislandpondsadjoiningCoyote \nCreek,Staceyfoundthatasmorewatermoved \nupthecreekthroughthebreachesintothe \nponds,therewasanincreaseinthetidalprism, \nbuttheeffectsofthechangesweredifferent \nacrossdifferentphasesofthetides.“Whenyou \nopenuptherestorationsitestotidalaction,it \ndissipatesthefunneleffectthatcharacterizesthe \nfarSouthBay,whichcouldchangetheinunda -\ntionregimeforhighmarshhabitat,”saidStacey. \nAdecreaseinamplificationisgoodfordiminish -\ningflooding,butbadformarshhabitat.And \nbecausesourcesofsedimentfortherestoration \nprojectare“downEstuary,”therestorationsites \narenotgoingtocapturemuchsediment,said \nStacey.Thereisverylittlesedimentcomingin \ndirectlyfromthewatershed;insteadthesedi-\nmentthatdoesreachtherestorationsitesis \nlikelytobecomingfromthefarSouthBayvia \nrecyclingbytidesandwinds.\nMovingtotheNorthBay,theSonomaLand \nTrust’sJohnBrosnandiscussedtherealitiesoftrying \ntointegratewatershedandwetlandsrestoration \nplanning.Brosnansaidhisagencyistryingto \nachievethegoalssetforthintheBaylands \nEcosystemHabitatGoalsReportandtheCCMP. \nYet,usingtheongoingSearsPointRestoration \nProjectasacasestudy,heshowedhowcon -\nstraintslikefloodprotection,invasivescontrol, \nremediation,multipleusers,sealevelrise,and \nphysicalinfrastructure—inthiscaseHighway37 \nandarailline—arenotonlysplittinguptheland -\nscape,butalso“dictatingwhatwecanandcan’t \ndowithintegratingwetlandsandtidalwet -\nlands.”Havingaraillinetheretriplesthecostof \nrestoration,saidBrosnan.“Oncetheagricultural\nleveesaretakendown[forrestoration],wehave \ntobuildbigger,strongerleveesfortherailroad \nandHighway37becauseofsealevelrise.” \nDespite“hugebuy-in”fromneighbors,ranchers, \nandfarmers,saidBrosnan,“thehighwayandrail-\nroad[whichrefusestohelpdefraythecosts]are \ndrivingtheoutcome.”\nSFEI’sLetitiaGrenierstressedtheneedtogive \nwildlifeconservationequalstancewithflood \nprotectionandcleanwatersupply.“It’sallpart \nofthesamegoal,”saidGrenier.“Wildlifeinhabit \nlandscapes.WhatwedointheBayaffectsthe \nwholeflyway.Therearefourtofivemillionbirds \ncomingthroughhere.Howcanweactona \nlandscapescaletokeepthemhere?”Our \nmod ernlandscapehasseenahugelossofcon -\nnectivity,shesaid.“Wehavethetoolstoplanfor \nprovidingbetterconnectinghabitatforwildlife, \nbutwelackacommonvision.Wehaven’treally \nspecifiedwhatourwildlifegoalsare.Instead,we \narestuckwaitingforacrisis.Howcanweinvest \nearlierinlandscapesforwildlife?”\nCitizensCommitteetoCompletetheRefuge’s \nArthurFeinsteinofferedapragmaticperspective 5\nPWA DEC \n2007 \nofwildlifeconservationaroundtheBay.“What’s \nnottobethrilledabout?”askedFeinstein.“We \nhaveover100speciesofwildlifeandplantslisted \nasendangere dorthreatened. NoBayArea \nspecieshasyetbeendelisted.”Assolutions, \nFeinsteinsuggestedthatweneedtofocuson \nhabitatdiversity,linksbetween habitats,bigger \nareasofhabitat,andfreedomfromhuman \nharassment. Publicaccesshashadanegative \nimpactonwildlife,saidFeinstein,citingbirders \nwhoharassthebirdstheyarewatchingand \nboaterswhodisturbrestingducksontheBay,as \nwellasdevelopm entnearsensitiveareas,suchas \ntheleastternhabitatattheoldAlameda Naval\nAirStation.“Onceyougetpeopleintowild \nareas,evenurbanareas,you’regoingtolose \nyourdiversity,”saidFeinstein.“Eveninvery \ndenseareas,ifyoukeeppeopleaway,thereare \nnicewildlifeeffects.Ifwewantfullenvironmenta l\nrestorationandlargediversehabitats,”con -\ncludedFeinstein,“wealsoneedtocontrol us .”\nCoastalplantecologistPeterBayeaddressed \nthefactthatmanyofourtidalmarshrestoration \nprojectshavenotincludedrareplantsthatcould \nbecollectedfromremnantsitesandpropagate d, \nhelpingtoensuretheirsurvivalasspecies.One \nexampleisararesaltmarshowl’scloverthatstill\nexistsinWhittellMarshnearPointPinole. \n“Almostnoneoftheserarespeciesarefinding \nhomesintidalmarshrestorationsites,”said \nBaye.“Evenwheretherearewell-developed \nmarshplainsandchannels,30yearslater[these \nrestorationprojects]stillsupportonlythemost \ncommontidalmarshspecies.”Discussingthe \nrestoredMuzziMarsh,Bayepointedoutthatno \nuncommon specieshavedispersedfromnearby \nHeerdtMarsh,theoldestprehistoricmarshin \nthearea,tocolonizeMuzzi.Bayeendedwitha \nseriesofrecommendationsforencouraging \ndiversity,includingdesigningrestoration \nmarshesmorecreatively. \nCreativityhasbeencriticalinrestoringthe \nNapaRiver,accordingtoNapaCountyFlood \nControl’sRichardThomasser,whodescribed the \nhistoryofthismultiyear,multi-stakeholder,multi- \nobjectiveeffort.AftertheArmyCorpspresenteda \nplantochannelizetheriverinconcreteinthe \n1960s(andagaininthe1990s),thecommunity \ndemandedthatanyplanforfloodcontrolalsobe \naplanfora“livingriver”thatwouldconnectthe \nrivertoitshistoricalfloodplain. Asaresult,the \nconsensus-basedprojectincludesageomorphic \nchanneldesignthatwillrestorepropersediment \ntransportbalance,andthecreationof650acres \nofwetlands.Fivemajorbridgesarebeingmade \nhigherandlongertofreeuphydraulicconstric -\ntions,andtospanthechannelandthenew \nmarshplains,saidThomasser;twobridgeswere \ncompletelyrebuilt.“Theriverandhabitatnow \nhavesomeroomtomove.” \nTheS.F.RegionalBoard’sBruceWolfegavean \noverviewofhisagency’seffortstoprotectboth \nriversandmarshes.“We’rebetterregulating \ndevelopmentofuplandareas,”saidWolfe.“We arenowtryingtomanageflowsbetterthanwe \nhaveandthechangesinrunoffpatternsthat \ndevelopmentcauses.”Wolfesaidhisagencyno \nlongertakeswaterquality-basedeffluentlimits \nfromanationallist,butinsteadtacklesthemon \nastatewideandregionalbasis.“TMDLsare \nreallywatershedplans,”saidWolfe.“Weare \nnowlookingatwetlandsandstreamsasaphysi-\ncalunit.Wetlandsarereallythedeltasofriparian \nsystems.”Anotherchangeathisagency,said \nWolfe,isrecognizingthatriparianzoneshave \nmanybenefits.\nTheCoastalConservancy’sSteveRitchiebuilt \nuponthe“deltas”idea.Asthesaltpondrestora -\ntionprojectnearstheendofitsfive-year \nplanningprocess,saidRitchie,“whataboutthe \nponds’connectiontolocalwatersheds?”But \nmakingthatconnectionmightbecomplicated. \n“It’sfloodprotectionwithrestoration,notjusta \nfunlittlerestorationproject,”saidRitchie. \nPerhapsthemostpoignantexampleoftrying \ntointegraterestorationintowatershedmanage -\nment andwatersupplywasthatofthelong-term \neffortstorestoresteelheadtoAlamedaCreek, \nthefocusoftheafternoonsession.TheNational\nMarineFisheriesServices’MauraMoodystarted \noffbydescribingtherecoveryplanbeingdrafted \nforCentralCaliforniaCoastsalmonandsteel-\nhead.TheCenterforEcosystemManagement \nandRestoration’sAndyGunthersaidthatthe \ncreeksthatconnecttotheBayareunder \nincreasingpressure.“Choosingrestorationwill\nrequirethatweconductexperimentsonhowto \nrestoresteelheadtrout.Theirfightupstreamis \nbothmysteriousandinspiring.Returningthese \nwildcreaturesprovidessomethingtousaswell,” \nsaidGunther.Thelifecycleandimpactthesefish \nhavehadovertime,saidGunther,givethemthe \nculturalstatusof“charismaticmegafauna.Steel- \nheadcandriveecosystemmanagement:Theyuse \nanentirewatershedintheirlifecycle.Theycan helppreservethelandscapeforfuturegenera -\ntions,”saidGunther.\nTheAlamedaCountyWaterDistrict’sEric \nCartwrightdescribedsomeofthephysicalbarri-\nersthatwillneedtobeaddressedtorestore \npassageforthesefish.“Thequestionishowto \nprovidepassagethroughthefloodcontrolchan -\nnelwhilekeepingtheexistingbenefitsthe \nchannelprovides,”saidCartwright.Whenthe \nArmyCorpsbuiltthechannel,itdidnotprovide \nforfishpassage,saidCartwright.However,the \nWaterDistricthasdecidedafterconductingsev -\neralstudiesthattheDistrictcanremovethe \nlowestrubberdamandkeepitoutofthechan -\nnelpermanently.Attheupperrubberdam,the \nDistrictwillbuildafishladderandinstallfish \nscreensatseveralintakestructures.Otherchal-\nlengesincludefundingandinstreamflows. \nTheAlamedaCreekAlliance’sJeffMillergave \nanhistoricaloverviewofsteelheadpresencein \nthewatershed,describinghowCalaverasDam, \nbuiltin1925,cutoffaccesstothebesthabitat. \nThewatershedalsosupportedcohoand \nChinooksalmonatonetime,saidMiller,and \nremnantsteelheadrunspersisteduntil1964. \nToday,steelheadarestilltryingtomakeitupthe \ncreek,despiteitsobstaclecourse.Butattitudes \nhavechangedduringthelasttwodecades,and \nduringthelastdecade,27fishweresuccessfully \ncaughtandmovedupstreambyvolunteers, \ndra matizingtheneedforfishpassageimprove -\nments. “Thevisibilityandpersistenceofthese \nfishinshowingupeveryyearhasgalvanized \nus,” saidMiller.TheAlliancenowhasmorethan \n1,500membersandmorethan15agencies \ncooperatinginrestoration.Geneticanalysisof \nlandlockedfishandanadromousfishbelowthe \ndamsshowthattheirgenesarecloselyrelated. \n“Thebiggestquestioniswhethertherewillbe \nenoughwaterleftinthestream,”saidMiller. \n“Rightnow,noneoftheagenciesreleasesflows \nforfish.ThedraftEIR[fortheCalaverasDam \nreplacement]doesnotallowforminimumflows \nforfish.We’rehopingtoworkwiththeSFPUC \ntoaddresstheimpactsofthesedams.”LOV \nPOLLUTION:CANWECLEANITUP? \nFirstoffonThursdaymorning,theMarine \nMammalCenter’sDeniseGreigdescribedher \nstudiesofBayharborsealsandemergingcontami-\nnants.“Theyeatatthesametrophiclevelhumans \ndo,”saidGreig.“PBDEsinSanFranciscoBayseals \nincreasedbetween1989and1998.Theyalso \nhavemercury,lead,PCBs,andDDTintheirbod -\nies.”Between1989and1998,thePBDElevels \nwerehighereventhanthoseofcontaminated \nBalticSeaseals,saidGreig,addingthatPCBcon -\ncentrationsinhealthyBaysealsappeartobe \ndecreasing,whileDDTmetabolitesareincreasing. \n“Soeventhoughthosecontaminentsarebanned \nnow,theygetstirredupfromthesediment,are \npresentinharborseals,andpassedfrommother \ntopup,”explainedGreig.Thelatestworryis 6\n“Theirfight \nupstreamisboth \nmysteriousand \ninspiring.\nReturningthese \nwildcreatures\nprovidessomething \ntousaswell.” DEC \n2007 \nPFOS—perfluorooctanesulfonate—anotherflame \nretardant.“Weonlyhaveasmallsamplesofar, \nbutthelevelsarehighcompared toArticpolar \nbearsandringedseals,”saidGreig.\nGreigwasfollowedbyCollinEagles-Smith, \nwhodescribedtherisktoBaybirdsfrommercury. \nEagles-Smithexaminedmercuryconcentrations in \nsurfscoter,Americanavocet,black-neckedstilt, \nForster’stern,andCaspianternadults,chicks, \nandeggs,findingmercury concentrationsto \nbehighestinForster’sterns,followedbystilts, \nCaspianterns,scoters,andavocets.Riskto \nhatchingsuccessisgreatestintheSouthBay, \nand58%ofbreedingForster’sternadultsand \n46%oftheireggsexceededtoxicitythresholds \nestablishedforotherbirds,raisingthequestion \nofwhetherpopulationimpactsmightbeoccur -\nring.“Thisisstrikingandconcerning,”said \nEagles-Smith. \nKevinKelleyfromCSULongBeachmoved \nfrombirdstofish,describingtheresultsofhis \nstudiesonPacificstaghorn sculpinandshiner \nperch.HehasfoundPCBS,PAHs,andchlori-\nnatedpesticidesintheliversofbothspecies,as \nwellasevidenceofendocrine- disruptedstates. \n“Endocrinedisruptorsserveasbiomarkersof \nenvironmenta lperturbations,”saidKelley.“We \nhaveindeedseenendocrinedisruptionintheBay \nindifferentfishspecies.Weconsistentlyfind \nimpairmentnearpubliclyownedtreatment \nworkssites,”saidKelley.\nTracyCollierofNOAAandSandieO’Neillof \ntheWashingt onDepartmentofFish&Wildlife \ndescribedtheiragencies’collaborativeworkon \ntoxicsinPugetSound,pointingtotheneedfor \nabiologicalobservationsystemfortoxicconta -\nminants.“Ifyoujustlookatthesediment \ncommunityprofilerelativetootherestuariesand \nbays,PugetSoundisnotthatcontaminated,” \nsaidCollier.Yetbiologicallybasedmonitoring \nhasshowncontamination ofthepelagicfood \nweb,includingPCBsinherring,saidCollier. \n“Youwouldnothavepredictedthatfromsedi-\nmentandwatermeasurement s.”\nSteveBay,oftheSouthern CaliforniaCoastal\nWaterResearchProjectAuthority,wrappedup \nthesessiononthebiologicaleffectsofpollution. \nBayshowedhowhisprojectusesa“multiple \nlinesofevidence”approachtointegratechem -\nistry,toxicity,andbenthicfaunadatatoprovide \nanoverallassessmentofsedimentconditionsin \nCalifornia.MostofS.F.Bayfellintothe“possibly \nimpacted”category.“Weweresurprised;we \nwereexpectingtosee60%ofBaysedimentsas \nhaving‘littleornoevidence ofimpact,’”said \nBay.“Instead, averyhighamountturnedoutto \nbepossiblyimpacted.”Eightypercentofmoni-\ntoringstationsshowedsignificantsediment \ntoxicity,saidBay.\nMidday,talkturnedtotrash,specificallyto \ntheoverwhelmingplasticprobleminthe \nEstuary,itscreeks,andtheocean.Moderator \nLarryKolbestimatedthatthenumberofplastic bags—afrequentvisitortotheBayanditscreeks \nandstormdrains—beingusedbythepublicaver -\nagesouttoonebagperpersonperday.Inthe \nBayArea,withsevenmillionpeople,saidKolb,if \nonlyonein1,000peopleusesaplasticbag,that \nwouldstillamountto7,000bagsperday.Save \ntheBay’sDavidLewisdescribedtheoverallpot -\npourrioftrashintheBay.“It’snotfromships, \nbutfromus,”saidLewis,addingthatonly20% \nofwater-bornetrashcomesfromboats.Lewis \nsaidbigsourcesoftrashinBaycreeksareover -\nflowingorinadequatetrashreceptaclesand \ndirectlitteringanddumpingofhousehold \ngarbage.ButLewisemphasizedthatthebiggest \nproblemisplastic.“Ninetypercentofitwilltake \nyearsordecadestodecompose;whenitreaches \ntheocean,coldsaltwatertendstopreserveit.”\nPossiblepartialsolutionsincludeGovernor \nSchwarzenegger’snewlyformedOceanPro-\ntectionCouncil(taskedwithtacklingtrash)and \nCoastalCleanupDays(in2006,morethan \n686,000poundsoftrashwereremovedfrom \ntheBayshorelineinasingleday).SavetheBay \nisusingadcampaignstotrytochangepeople’s \nbehaviorwhilesomecitiesareimplementing \nsourcereduction,banningplasticbagsand \nStyrofoamfoodcontainers.Lewiswouldliketo \nseetheS.F.RegionalBoardimplementstronger \nstormwaterpermitsregardingtrash.Trashsepa -\nratorsandboomswillworkbutnotunlessthey \naremandatory,saidLewis.“TheWaterBoard \ncouldrequiresignificanttrashreduction.Save \ntheBayhaspresentedthousandsofpetitions \naskingtheBoardtodoso.”Lewisalsodescribed \n“end-of-pipe”capturenetsusedinSouthern \nCaliforniathathelpdiverttrashbeforeitendsup \nintheocean.LakeMerrittisoneofthefew \nplacesaroundtheBaywherevortexseparators \n(mechanicaldevices)arebeingusedtocollect \ntrash.Thelackofefforttodosoelsewhere \naroundtheBay“shouldbeanintensesourceof \nshame,”saidLewis.\nLewiswasfollowedbyNuteEngineering’sSteve \nMoore,formerlyoftheS.F.RegionalBoard,who, \nwhileworkingthere,designedandundertooka \n“trashrapidassessment”studytoexaminethe \nsources,patterns,andamountsoftrashinBay \nAreawaterways.WithBoardco-workers,Moore surveyed26creeksaroundtheBay,fromPetal- \numatoSanMateo,lookedforlongitudinal\npatternsinthewatershedstheysurveyed,and \nperformedreturnsurveystodeterminethetrash \nreturnrate.Oakland’sPeraltaCreekscoredthe \nlowestofallofthesites,pollutedwithhuman \nwasteandsyringes.“Wehadtostopoutofcon -\ncernforourownhealthatonepoint,”recalled \nMoore.On93sitevisits,Moore’steampickedup \nmorethan25,000piecesoftrash,orthreepieces \nforeveryfootofstream.Halfofthetrashwas \nplastic,followedbyglassandpaper.Thehighest \ntrashdepositionrateswerefoundinbothwet \nanddryweather.“Wehavetoaddresstrashin \nthedryseason,too,notjustafterthefirstflush,” \nsaidMoore.“It’seitherbeingtossed,washed,or \nblownin.”Notsurprisingly,theworstsites \ntendedtobelocatedatthebottomsofwater -\nshedsthatreceiverunofffromanentirewater-or \npipe-shed.“Asthelowpointinthelandscape, \nthesestreamsarestickyplaces,”saidMoore. \n“ItshowsyouthatifyoucareabouttheBay, \nyouhavetocareaboutthecreeks.Streamsare \nthelikelymainpathwayoffloatableplasticto \nmarinewaters,andourtrashlevelsarenot \nimprovingbutperhapsgettingworse,”said \nMoore,whoaddedthathefoundtrashinwater -\nshedsacrossallsocioeconomicstrata.“Weneed \ntoinvestinstructuralorothersolutionsand \naddressitinasystematicway,”concluded \nMoore.“Trashistoday’ssewage.”\nThenexttrashtalker,theCityofOakland’s \nLeslieEstes,describedherselfasa“visitorfrom \ntherealworld.”Oaklandhasatoolboxofstrate -\ngiesfordealingwithtrash,Estesexplained,from \nanti-litteringprogramsinschoolswherestreet \nsweepersinteractwithkids,to“adoptaspot” \ncleanupprogramswithcitizens,toenforcing \npenaltiesforillegaldumping,conductingclean \ncreekscampaigns,andhiringkidstogooutand \npickuptrash.Thecityrecentlybannednon- \nbiodegradabletakeoutcontainersandestablished \nan“excesslitter”feeforallfoodfacilities.Ittried \ntoimplementaplasticbagbanlikeSan \nFrancisco’sbutwassued.Ithasalsoinstalleda \nboomacrossthemouthofDamonSlough(a \ntrash“hotspot”)andistargetingotherknown \npollutersupstreamoftheslough,likethe \nOaklandColiseumandfleamarket.Butnothing \nissimple,saysEstes.Toinstalltheboom,they \nhadtobuildaroadtoserviceitandbuyatruck \ntoholdacrane.Afterthefirstflush,saysEstes, \nasmuchas6,000poundsoftrashisremoved \nfromtheboom,anactthatrequiresseveraldays \nofcleanup.Thecityreceived$4.5millionfrom \nMeasureDDtoinstallstructuralcontrolsatLake \nMerritt.“Thisisourjewel,andit’strashed,”said \nEstes.“Thecityisalsoinstallingdraininletbas -\nkets(whichneedfrequentmaintenance)and \nstormwaterseparatorsinvariouswatersheds.But \ntheseprojects,saysEstes,“areabigdealand \nmeanbigconstruction.”Oftentimes,construc -\ntioninterfereswithundergroundutilities,and \nbeinganold,built-outcity,Oaklandisfullof 7\nTheGuadalupeRiverinSanJose,flowing withplastic DEC \n2007 \nsurprisesinthatregard,saidEstes.Herconclu -\nsion?“Wewouldliketofindthekeyanswerbut \nIbelievethesolutionisacombination.”\nEsteswasfollowedbyMarkCuneoofSanta \nMonica,who,afterassuringthelargelyBayArea \naudiencethat,unlikethestereotypeofa \nSouthernCaliforniawater-suckingcity,Santa \nMonicaplanstobe80%independentfrom \nimportedwaterby2010,describedhiscity’s \neffortstotacklestormwat erpollution.Santa \nMonicaonlyreceives14inchesofrainperyear, \nbut,surroundedonthreesidesbyLosAngeles \nCounty,itreceivesplentyoftrashinrunoff. \nBallonaCreekandtheLosAngelesRiverhave \nbeenputonthe303(d)listofimpairedwater -\nwaysduetotrash(theirmouthshavehadtrash \nboomsinstalled),andatrashTMDLhasbeen \nputinplace.“Ifyoucanavoidlitigationover \nTMDLsandregulations,you’rewayaheadofthe \ngame,”headvised.Overthepast10years, \nSantaMonicahasspent$120millioninstalling \ncatchbasininsetsandscreens,andastate-of- \nthe-artstormwatertreatmentplant.Indryyears, \nthecityalso“boardsover”stormdraininletsto \nkeeptrashout.“Buttrashdoesn’tmagicallydis -\nappearoutofthesethings;wehavetodothe \nmaintenance,”saidCuneo. \nTheafternoonsessionseguedfromtrashback \ntootherpollutantsandwhattodoaboutthem. \nSFEI’sLesterMcKeereportedonourstateof \nknowledgeaboutpollutantsintheBay,citing \nPBDEshereasamongthehighestintheworld. \nPollutantsinstormwatercontinue topreventthe \nBayfromachievingbetterwaterquality,said \nMcKee,andthoughrecentTMDLscallforsignifi-\ncantreductionsinmercuryandPCBs,wedonot \nhaveenoughinformationaboutwherethehighest \nconcentrations occurandhowtheycyclethrough \ntheurbanenvironment.However,headded, \nrecent,first-of-their-kindstudieshavedemon -\nstratedthatPCBsprobablylingeringreater \nconcentrations inolderindustrialareasintheBay \nArea,acluethatcantellregulators wheretofocus. \nAlamedaCountywideCleanWaterProgram’s \nJimScanlinspokeofthechallengesintryingto complywiththenewTMDLsformercuryand \nPCBs.Todoitspartinreducingtotalmercury \ninputstotheBayby50%,AlamedaCounty \nwouldneedtoreduceitsmercuryinputsby78 \nkilogramsperyear;similarlyitwouldhaveto \nreducePCBsbyaboutninekilogramsperyear. \n“Canwegettherefromhere?”askedScanlin, \naddingthathisagencyhasfoundfrequentstreet \nsweepingtobemoreeffectivethanisgenerally \nthoughtatremovingmercury.\nEBMUD’sGayleTupperdescribedheragency’s \nsuccessesinworkingwithdentalofficestoinstall\namalgamseparatorsthatremovemercury,andin \ncollectingmercurythermometersfromresidents, \nhospitals,andschools.Seventy-fivepoundsof \nmercurywascollectedfromEastBayresidentsin \ntake-backeventslastyear,saidTupper.Anongo -\ningchallengeisthepharmaceuticalsthatmake \ntheirwayintotheBayafterbeingflushedor \ndumpeddowndrains.“We’relookingforwaysto \ncontrolthesesubstancesandraiseawarenessto \nconvincepeople[thesubstances]shouldn’tgo \ndownthedrain,”saidTupper. \nConcludingthepollutionsession,UCLA’s \nMikeStenstromtoldthecrowdthat“forbetter \norworse,TMDLsarethedrivingforce”behind \ncleanupefforts.Hedescribedmodelingtools \nanddatabeingusedtoevaluatealternativesfor \nmeetingTMDLsintheupperBallonaCreek \nwatershed.Becausesomanyheavymetalsand \notherurbanpollutantslodgeinsediment,said \nStenstrom,“weoughttobelookingatgetting \nsedimentoutofstormwater.”Tothatend,he \ndescribedsomeofthelow-tech,green,“biofil-\ntration”solutionsthatplaceslikeSeattlehave \nimplementedusingvegetation—swalesand \nstormwaterplanters(aka“infiltrationtrenches”), \namongothers.LOV \nRESTORATION:DIVERSE\nECOSYSTEMSANDCHALLENGES \nAssessingprogressontheBaylandsEcosystem \nHabitatGoals,CarlWilcoxofCalFish&Game \nrecalledacolleague’soptimismin1995:“We’ll\ndothisinsixmonthsand50pagesorless.” \nFouryearsandcountlessmeetingslater,the \ngoals—abiologicallybasedvisionforecosystem \nrestoration—launchedanewerainBayconser -\nvation,providingguidancefortheS.F.BayJoint \nVenture,theSouthBaySaltPondsRestoration \nProject,andcounty-levelHabitatConservation \nPlans.Nextstep:linkagewithanticipated \nSubtidal,Upland,andStreamsHabitatGoals, \nandwithCALFED’sEcosystemRestoration \nProgram. \nNOAAFisheries’KorieSchaeffergavean \nupdateontheprocessofestablishinggoalsfor \nmanagingandrestoringS.F.Bay’s“hidden”sub -\ntidalhabitat.“Thefocuswillbeonhabitatswe \nwanttoseemoreoforinbettercondition,”she \nsaid.Hergroupisfactoringinhumanstressors. \n“Wecan’tjustwaveourarmsandcomeupwith 8\nsomegoalswithoutrealizingpastimpactsare \nstillactive,”shesaid.Afinalgoalsdocumentis \nexpectedbyDecember2008. \nNancySchaeferofLandConservation \nServices,StuartWeissoftheCenterforEarth \nObservation,andRyanBranciforteofGreenInfo \nNetworkdiscussedanothergoal-settingproject, \nthisoneforuplandhabitat.Phase1involves \nidentifyinghowmuchlandinwhatkindofcon -\nditionwillbeneededtoconservetheBayArea’s \nuplandbiodiversity,racingagainsturbansprawl. \nVegetationmappingisalreadycompleted.Weiss \nsaidgoalsincludepreserving90%ofglobally \nrarehabitatandallowingroomforecosystems \ntochange.Heforesawpartnershipswithprivate \nlandowners,includingranchers.“Ingrassland,a \nmoderateamountofgrazingisreallythekeyto \nmanagementoverlargeareas,”hesaid. \nU.S.Fish&Wildlife’sEricTattersalltookonthe \ncontentioussubjectofhabitatconservationplan -\nning.“IfregionalHCPisdonetherightway,we \nenduppreservinglargefunctioningecosystems,” \nhesaid,whileproject-by-projectapproacheslead \ntofragmentedhabitat.Tattersalldescribed \nrecentlypermittedplansinSantaClaraCounty \nandeastContraCostaCounty,andapending \nplaninSolanoCounty.“Everysuccessfulplan \nhasapoliticalchampionwhocanbringitto \nfruition,”heconcluded.\nTurningtothepast,SFEI’sRobinGrossinger \nlookedathistoricalecosystemsasguidesto \nrestoration.“Thehistoricallandscapemaybe \nevenmoredirectlyrelevantthanwehadreal-\nized,”hesaid.“Oursocietytookoverthis \nlandscapequitesuddenly.Wedidn’taskforthe \nowner’smanual.”Usingoldmapsandwritten \nrecords,Grossingerisattemptingtoidentifythe \nwetanddryplaces,theintermittentstreams, \nandtheoverlooked“B-side”habitattypes,like \nsycamorealluvialwoodland.Remnantseasonal\nwetlandsinSantaClaraandNapacounties“are \ntinyfragmentsofformerperennialwetlands.If \nyou’reinterestedinwetlandrestoration,historic \nwetlandsshowyouwheretolook.”\nIfecologicalhistorycanbeobscure,the \nfutureofestuarineenvironmentsisupfor \ngrabs—withclimatechangeaprimesourceof \nuncertainty.PWA’sJeremyLowesaidS.F.Bay’s \nmarsheshavehandledhistoricsealevelrises \nwell.“Butsealevelrisewillaccelerate.Willthe \nmarsheskeepup?”heasked.Asthewatersrise, \nmudflatandmarshsystemstendtomoveland -\nward—ifenoughsedimentisavailable.Inthe \nlong-term,wemayneedtorechargemudflats \nwithdredgesoil.Lowediscussedtradeoffs \nbetweenleavingleveesinplaceforwaveprotec -\ntionandreconnectingmarshandmudflat,and \npossibleengineeringfixes. \nNaomiFegeroftheS.F.RegionalBoardand \nRogerLeventhalofFarWestRestorationEngineer-\ningtitledtheirjointpresentation“Sediment—the \nGood,theBadandtheBuried.”Fegerpresented \ncasestudiesofthreeremediationeffortsusing \nSteveMoore S.F.REGIONALBOARDTRASHRAPIDASSESSMENT RESULTS therehavebeensurprises,likethechallengeof \ndealingwithdissolvedoxygen.“Youdon’talways \nknowwhatyoudon’tknow,”saidMorris.\nInhistalkonrestoringDeltaecosystems, \nStuartSiegelofWetlandsandWaterResources \ncalledthishugearea“acasestudyincomplex -\nity.”Manmadechanges—dikingislands, \nshorteningchannels—complicatethegoalof \nmaintaining“viablepopulationsofdesirable \nspecies.IntheDelta,wedon’tsay‘native’;there \naresomenon-nativespeopleliketohave,like \nstripedbass.”Climatechangeintroducesfurther \ncomplexities.“Wetlandscanmoveupgentle \nslopesassealevelrises,butnotwithlevees,” \nSiegelsaid.Hesketchedideasemergingfrom \ncurrentplanningefforts,includingnewflood -\nplainsand“green”levees.\nWhenS.F.StateUniversity’sTomParkertook \nthepodium,itwaslateintheday.“WhenIgo \ntoconferences,usuallybythistimeI’mout \ndrinkingsomewhere,”hequipped.Buthismes -\nsagewasnojoke:globalclimatechangeimperils \ntheEstuary’smarshes.Temperatureincreasemay \ndecreaseprimaryproduction;inundationand \nfloodingwillincrease,withrestoredmarshsites \ninundatedmorethannaturalsites.Risingsalinity \nwillreducespeciesdiversity.“Giventemperature \nandsalinityincreaseandmarshaccretionrates \nfailingtokeepupwithsealevelrise,what’sthe \nscenario?”heasked.“Thewinnerispickle -\nweed,”whichoccursnowinavarietyofsalinity \nandinundationconditions.Butit’smoresensi-\ntivetosalinityinpoorlydrainedsites.Soan \nincreaseinsalinityandinundationwillsignifi-\ncantlyreducewetlandproductivity,“especiallyin \npickleweed,theonespeciesmostlikelyto \nexpandunderthoseconditions.”\nClosingtherestorationsession,PeggyOlofson \noftheInvasiveSpartinaProjectreportedonthe \nongoingwaragainstaggressivehybridcordgrass \nstrains(seeESTUARY,October2007).Shecalled \nforthedevelopmentofbestpracticesfor \nregionalagencies.“Monitorandremoveit—just \nmonitoringhasgottenusnowhere,” shesaid. \n“Don’topenanewmarshtooearlynearexisting \nhybridSpartina.Andbecarefulwithequipment \nanddredgesediment.”JE \nDEC \n2007 \ndredgedmaterial:Hamilton Marsh,Peyton \nSlough,andthePeninsulaSportsmen’sClub(the \nlastalead-shotcontaminationsite).Leventhal\nnotedsome“regulatorydiscomfortwithusing \nfillatall;it’snotanormalmouse-huggingkind \nofwetlandproject.”Buthearguedthatifyou \nknowyourcontaminants,dredgedsedimentcan \nbenefitrestorationwith“nonetdegradation.” \nHesaideconomicconstraints mustbeovercome \ninordertoincreasebeneficialreuseofsediments \nandreduceoceandisposal. \nNextupwasSanJoseStateUniversityprofes -\nsoremeritusHowardShellham mer,nowwith \nH.T.Harvey,whohasspent50yearsstudying \ntheendanger edsaltmarshharvestmouse.He \ndiscussedsmallmammals—themouseandthe \nelusivesaltmarshwandering shrew—intidal\nmarshrestorationprojects. Theshrewmayor \nmaynotstillexistintheBay’smarshes;ifit’s \nthere,itwillbenefitfrommouseconservation \nmeasures.Bothneedmaturemarsheswithinter -\nnalescapecoverandhighmarshtidalrefugia, \nbutverylittlehighmarshremains.Reducingthe \nslopeofoutboarddikestoallowforhighmarsh \ndevelopment wouldhelp,aswouldconnectivity \nbetweenmousehabitatsites.\nPRBOConservationScience’s NadavNur \nreviewedbirdsasindicatorsofmarshrestoration \nsuccess,measuredbydemographicmetrics: \nreproductive success,recruitment ofjuveniles, \nsurvivalofadults,emigration, andimmigration. \nHesaidlocal-scale dataisimportant.“There’s \nconcernthatrestorationsitesareecological\ntraps—sinks,notsources.” Nurdocumenteddif -\nferentpatternsfordifferentbirdspecies.Mature \nmarshsiteshada1,500%higherdensityofsalt \nmarshcommonyellowthroatsthanrestoration \nsites.However,songsparrownestlingsurvival\nrateswerehighestinsomeoftherestored \nmarshes.Biologistsarealsolookingatdemo -\ngraphicsofCaliforniaclapperrails,greatblue \nherons,anduplandsongbirds. \nChristySmithoftheSanPabloBayNational\nWildlifeRefugereportedontidalmarshrestora -\ntionandenhancementprojectsatTolayCreek, \nTubbsIsland,andCullinanRanch,eachpresent -\ningitsownsetofchallenges. AtCullinanRanch, \nforexample,partialorfullrestorationwould \nrequirenewleveestoprotectHighway37from \nflooding.Smithstressedadaptivemanagement \n(“measurethreetimes,cutonce”)andtheneed \ntokeeprestorationpartnersinvolved. \nSmith’sSouthBaycounterpart,ClydeMorrisof \ntheDonEdwardsS.F.BayNationalWildlife \nRefuge,lookedbackonsevenrestorationprojects \nspanning20years.“Itmusthavebeenreallyfun \nbackinthe80storestorethings,”hesaid.“You \ndidn’tworrytoomuchaboutpermits,andplans \nweresomethingyoudidonthebackofanenve -\nlope.”Buthe’sseenthingsimprove—withthe \nSouthBaySaltPondRestoration,“forthefirst \ntimeinmycareerwe’redoingadaptivemanage -\nmentinsteadofknee-jerkmanagement.”StillLANDUSE:MAKINGCONNECTIONS \nThatland-dependentcreatures—andthe \nfarmsandotheruplandareastheyinhabit—are \ninsomewayrelatedtoestuarieswasonceafor -\neignconcept.Butnow,saidU.C.Davis’sJeff \nLouxatthelandusesessionofOctober’sconfer -\nence,“It’sself-evidentthatwaterandlanduse \nplanningarelinked.”Andasthestate’spopula -\ntiongrows,thatlinkwillneedtotighten, \nrequiringmultipleagencies—cityplanning \ndepartments,utilitiesdistricts,wateragencies, \nandtransportationdepartments—atlocaland \nregionallevelstoworktogethermoreclosely. \n“TheregionwilladdfivemoreOaklandsby \n2035,”saidtheJointPolicyCommittee’sTed \nDroetthoom,commentingthatgrowthwillhave \ntobeplannedmuchmorecarefullytomitigate \ntheadditionaltrafficanditseffectsonairand \nwaterquality.RegionalbodieslikeABAGare \nfinallylookingintothenexusamongairquality, \nlanduse,transportation,andwaterquality.“Our \nlandusepatternswilldictatetheneedforbetter \ntransit,”saidABAG’sDaveBurch.\nMunicipalitiesandregionalbodiesaretryingto \nfocusgrowthinspecificareastodirectplanning \nandinvestmentsinto“prioritydevelopmentareas,” \nsaidABAG’sKenKirkey.Akeyelementofpriority \ndevelopmentareasisproximitytotransit,sothat \ndrivingcanbereducedtocreatewhatCities21’s \nSteveRaneycalleda“low-milescommunity.”\nTheprojectionsfortheBayArea’sgrowth \nmeanthatmanagersandpolicymakerswillneed \ntogetcreativeaboutwheretoputpeopleand \nhowtomakethoselivingplacesmoresustain -\nable,thetopicofapaneldiscussioninthe \nafternoonsession.“Wewanttomakeitsothat \npeoplegettoasmuchastheycanonfoot,”said \ntheGreenbeltAlliance’sMarlaWilson.Toaccom -\nplishthat,citiesmustbuildcompactlyandhave \nwalkablestreetsandneighborhoods,andthey \nneedtowritetheseideasintotheirgeneralplans. \n“Thatgiveselectedofficialsthewilltodoit,”said \nLaurelPrevettioftheCityofSanJose.\nPrevettinotedthatinthe1970s,SanJose \nofficialsdrewalinearoundthecity,indicating \nitsboundaryforgrowth.Thatforcedlater \nadministrationstorecycleland—developinginfill\nongrayfieldslikeunderusedparkinglots.Much \nofthedevelopmentofthe1970sand1980salso \nresultedinofficeparks—largebuildingssur -\nroundedbyhugeparkinglots.Onewaythat \nnaturehasbeenbroughtbacktosuchenvirons, \nsaidPrevetti,isthroughgreenwaysandrestored \nurbanstreams.\nThetopicofcreekrestorationbroughtinsight \nfromtheS.F.RegionalBoard’sAnnRiley,who \ndescribedhowcreekscanbecreativelyinte -\ngratedintocities,suchasinSanLuisObispo. \nWhenitcomestorestoringstreamsincities, \nsaidRiley,oneofthemostcommonproblemsis \nnegotiatingformoreroomforthestream— 9\nTomParker \ncontinuedbackpage DEC \n2007 \n“Hardworking”isthefirstwordmost\npeopleusetodescribeMarcia,followed \ncloselyby“dedicated.”Shehasalways\nansweredherownphone,usually \nreturnscallsoremailswithinhours,\nandneverfailstoaskaboutthekids.\nAttheeleventhhourofanyinter-\nminablemeeting,shecanalways\nmusteratwinkleinhereye,awide \nsmileandagoodjoke,nottomention \naknowinglookthathintsatthewis-\ndomshe’sgatheredinalltheseyearsof\neducatingthecommunityaboutthe \nBayandDelta.\n“Therewerealotofpeoplewho \nthoughttheProjectwouldnotcon -\ntinueafteritfinishedtheCCMPin \n1993,”shesays.“TheBay-Delta \nAccordwassignedthefollowingyear,\nandCALFEDwaslaunchedwithmuch \nsupportandhooplafromthestateand \nfeds.Sincethen,inallhonesty,the \nhardestthinghasbeentokeepthe \ninterestofstakeholdergroupsand \nagenciesinimplementingthe \nCCMP—keepingitamongtheirpriori-\nties.I’vebeenabletodoitthrough \npersonalcontact,makingsurethatpeo -\npleunderstandhowtheCCMPis\nvaluabletothem,andnotsaying‘no’\nwhenpeopleaskforhelp.” \nMarcia’sinvestmentovertheyears— \nnottomentionthehardworkofher\nstaff,theImplementationCommittee \nandFriendsoftheEstuary—allpaidoff\nin2007,whentheProjectundertook \ntoupdatetheCCMP.“What’sbeen \namazingisthatoverthelast18 \nmonths,we’veseenphenomenal\ninvolvementfrommanydifferentinter-\nestsandagencies.We’vehad85people \nworkingon6-7differentcommittees\nattendingconstantmeetingstohash \noutwhatneededtobechanged,”she \nsays.“Thewillingnessofpeopletogo “Essssssssssstuary....”saysasultry-voiced \nwomanovertheradio,daringherman \ntodefineit.“Araremiddleeastern \nspice?Formaleveningattire?”heoffers,\nledonbythesuggestiveness ofher\ntone.This1988publicservice \nannouncementtoenhancelocalaware -\nnessofwhatanestuaryis—theradio \ndivasoondouseshermaninacold \nshoweroffreshandsaltwaterexplana -\ntions—wasoneofMarciaBrockbank’s\nearliestproductsaspublicoutreach \nmanagerfortheSanFranciscoEstuary \nProject.Atthetime,theproject’s\numbrellaagency,theU.S.EPA,com -\nmentedthatthePSA“wasn’tserious\nenough.”ButMarcia’sirreverentsense \nofhumorisoneofthethingseveryone \nwillmissmostwhensheretiresatthe \nendof2007after20yearsaschampion \noftheEstuary.“She’sagem,”saysone \nformerco-worker.“She’sdonesomuch \nandtakencreditforsolittle,”says\nanother.\nHiredin1986toorganizeapublic \neducationprogramandstakeholder\ncommitteestocraftaconsensus-based \nplanforestuarineprotection,Marcia \nandherteamaresingle-handedly \nresponsibleforthefactthatfewpeople \nintheCaliforniawaterworldsstumble \novertheword“estuary”anymore,let\nalonethinkithassomethingtodo \nwithhorses.ShecametotheProject\nafterproducinganumberofenviron -\nmentalandpoliticalspotsforChannel\n2andtheLeagueofWomenVoters,\nworkingasatechnicaleditor,andhav -\ningthreekids.In1994,shetookover\nmanagementoftheentireprojectand \nwentontoworkharderandlongeron \nchampioningtheCCMP,themanage -\nmentplanfortheEstuarycompleted \nin1993,thananyonecouldhave \nimagined.throughtheprocessonceagainisstrik -\ning,tomeetnumeroustimesanduse \ntheirprofessionaljudgementandpas-\nsiontofightthenecessarybattlesand \ncometoagreement.Clearlythevalues\nandgoalsthatwesoeloquently \nreachedbackin1993andthenagain \nin2007remainimportant.” \nAskedaboutherownpersonalpassion,\nMarciapointstofreshwaterflows.She \nbecameinterestedintheflowsissue \nwhenfollowingthe1980sBay-Delta \nhearings,andhoped,inherwords,to \n“havesomesortofroleinseeingthat\ncometoaworthwhileend.”Now20 \nyearslater,sheseesenormousprogress\nondredging,wetlandsrestoration,pub -\nlicawarenessaboutnotdumpingin \nstormdrains,andcreekactivism,but\nnotonflows.“Wecan’tjuststandby \nandlettheDeltabecomeafreshwater\nlake,we’llloseallourestuarinespecies\nanddiversity,”shesays.\nAsforherretirement,Marciasaysno \nsinglethinginspiredthedecision.“For\nmanyyearsI’vebeentryingtobuilda \nplaceforSFEPandtheCCMPandI\nthinkwe’reprettymuchthere.ButI\nseelotsofthingsthatneedtobedone,\nanditfeelsliketherighttimetoturn \nthingsovertosomeoneelse.Ithinkit’s\nhealthyforanorganizationtohave \nsomeonenewcomeinwithadifferent\nvisionandskillset.”\nWithhernewfreetime,Marciaplans\ntojoinsomeboards,workwithher1 0 \nLad yLinchpinRetires \nTomGraff, winneroftheJeanAueraward,andMarcia \nBrockbankatOctober’sconference. DEC \n2007 \nLarryKolb,retired,SFRWQCB:\n“Ma rciaisoneofthose rare people whom \neve rybodyrespects,every body likes,and \neve rybodyenjoysworking with.Inallher \nachievements,Marciahas been utte rlymod -\nest,una ssuming ,andalways reluctant to \nacceptcredit.”\nSamZiegler,USEPA: \n“She wasarolemodel for me back when I \nwasrelativelynewinmy caree r . The cool \nthing wasthatshecould have beenmy \nmot her ,but shewasn’t—here she was doing \nthis greatenvironmental work, and shewas \ntotallydedicatedandcompetent, and in \nmanyway smirro redthe things Iwante dto \nachieve,whic hwastostay comm itted to \nwhat you believein.T obelievethat you coul d \nmakeadiffe rence. Shewas, and remains ,a \ntotalinspira tion.”\nEllenJohnck,BayPlanningCoalition: \n“Ma rciaistheemblemandspiritoftheSFEP . \nTha tspiritmeanskeepingtheflocktogether \ntotakecareoftheBay—shekeptthe \nmom entumgoingbybeingpersistent, diligent, \nandorganized. Thiswasnomeanfeat, asall \ntheparticipantscomefromdifferentwalksof \nlifeandarebusyintheirownjobs. Butshe \ncarriedusallwithgreataplombandverve. ” \nAnnRiley,SFRWQCB:\n“IfirstmetMarciawhen working for non -\nprofitstrying torestore little lovedurban \ncreeks,andwha tastonished me about her \nwasshewasextremely concerne dabout \ngetting seedmoneytocitizen groups ina \nuser-frie ndly way that wasrespons ive totheir \nneeds.This wasaforeign concept back then \nforthoseofusworking toget grants from \nlargeragencies—a light inthe wilde rness. \nNow thatIworkinthe same building Isee \nthatshe’shereonweekends, here atnight, \nbearsanincredible workload without com -\nplaint,andalway ssays ‘yes’ ifyou askherfor \nhelp.She ’screatedastandard that none of \nuscaneve rhopetoattain.”\nLeoWinternitz,DeltaVision:\n“Ma rciaisagreatlady , classyandcharming. \nShehasalwaysbeenajoytoworkwith. And \nsheobviouslyhasapassionforherwork, \nwhich makesherveryeffective. Iwillmissher . ” localcreekgroup,spendmoretime \nwithhergrandkids,andreadallher\nbackissuesofTheNew Yorker. Looking \nback,shesaysthemostrewardingthing \naboutherexperiencehasbeenthe \ngrowthofherpersonalunderstanding \nofthescience,andofwhatitmeansto \nhaveahealthyestuary.“IthinkI’ve \nhadsomesmallroleittryingtomake \nthathappen,makeabetterplacefor\nfuturegenerationsthatlivearoundthe \nBay.Idon’treallyknowifthatwill\nreallybetheoutcome,butIsurehope \nitwill.”—ARO DavidLewis,SavetheBay: \n“Marcia'spatie ntstewardship ofthe Estuary \nProjectisthe number one reason itswork \nenjoyssuchbro adsupport among anenor -\nmousgroup ofdive rse partners who care \nabouttheBay .” \nArthurFeinstein,CitizensCommit tee \ntoCompletetheRefuge: \n“For anon-re gulatorydocument, the CCMP \nhashadmoreimpa ctthan most because it \nwassoinclusive and had somuch buy-in, and \nthisgave theagenciesthe freedom tomove \nforwa rdanddo goodthings. Marcia play eda \nkeyroleinbring ing eve rybody together as \nyearswentby ,inkeeping the collabora tive \nelementofthe CC MP alive and the working \natmospherecomfortab leand functional.”\nRainerHoenicke,SFEI:\n“Duringtheearlyphases ofthe National \nEstuaryPro gram,fewhadhea rdof,letalone \nwerefamiliarwith, usingstakeholderprocesses \ninenvironmental plannin ganddecision-making. \nMarciawasinstrumentalindemonstrating \nhow meeting pro cessand content can and \nshouldbeappropriatelybalancedtoget \npeople withvarious backgrounds toarrive at \ntangible outc omes.Later , those ofuswho \nwerelooking forwhat toemulate and what \ntoavoid inestablishing the Santa Monica Bay \nRestorationPro jectfinallyjust relied on \nMarciaforguida nce.Ourmotto was: ‘When \nindoubt,justcallMarc iaatSFEP .’ \" \nSteveRitchie,CoastalConservancy: \n“Marciawas non-t hreatening inaway that \nwasn’ttrying toadv ance Marcia Brockbank, \nasinnottrying toclimb tosom ehigher \npositionorachie vesome special reputatio n. \nSheneverhad anyhidden agenda, she just \nwantedtodo theright thing. She made the \nEstuaryPro jectasafeplace where we could \ntalkandtrytoworkthings out. She wasalso \nalwaysable tomaintain the right ties with \ntherightpeople atEP A tokeep SFEP tied to \nitsorig ins.“ 1 1 \nAmyZimpfer,USEPA: \n“In theearlyday s,shewasthecritical third \nlegintheEstua ryProject’s3-legg edstool— \n1/3 scien ce, 1/3 pro cess andplann ing, 1/3 \npublic outreach.Heroutr eachbrought credi -\nbility withthepublic toour project, and \nalmo steverything she star ted—ESTUARY \nnewslet ter , thenon-profi tfriends, the educa -\ntiona lcamp aigns, arestill going strong today . \nShe was never afraidtotake astand on \nsometh ing,but shewould express itinaway \nthat mad epeo ple listen and give thought to \nherviews long afterthe exchange, aunique \nskill.She’soneofthemos tgracious and \nhard-work ing people Iknow.” \nRichardMorat,USFWS:\n“Peopl ewould fallonthei rsword for \nMarcia— she hasbuilttreme ndo ussoci al \ncap italinthe Bayandwate rshed com munity . \nShe hasbeen genuine toall,whether with \nindividualstew ardsorinthe boardrooms of \nNG Os. She’s agoodliste ner ,yet awarrior \nwithman yofusinmission. After arecent \ntrip toIndia, shegavemany \"par tners in \nmis sion\" small figure sofGanesh, \"the Hindu \nremover ofobstacles\"...T elling huh?\" \nWillTravis,BCDC:\n“Idon ’tknow ofanyothe rinstitutionalized \narran gement—in this casethe CCMP—so \nperson ified byone person. Marcia has been \nthedrivingforce,the master architect, the \nkibutz erwho keeps usgoing, andthecharmer \nwhokeep susallworki ngtogether .”\n I\ntomershowtocutdownonlandscapewater-\ning.“It’sthelow-hangingfruit,butithelps,”\nsaidEBMUD’sRichardHarris.\nMichelePlaoftheBayAreaCleanWater\nAgenciesexplainedthatusingmorerecycled\nwaterlowerstheneedtotreatwater,bringsdown\nenergyconsumption,andcurbspollutantloadsto\ntheBay.“We’reattheendoftheroadofthesys-\ntemofusingwateronceandspendingahalfa\nbilliondollarstotreatandputitback,”saidPla.\nLindaFiackoftheDeltaProtectionComm-ission\ncomparedtheDeltaanditswatersupplytothe\ncountrycowsthatprovidemilkforcityfolks.“Most\npeopledon’tknowwheretheirwatercomes\nfrom,”shenoted.“TheDeltaisthatcowinthe\ncountry.”Butregionalandcountyplannersdo\nknowwheretheirwatercomesfrom,andthey’re\nplanningforitnow.FiackexplainedhowfiveDelta\ncountiesofContraCosta,SanJoaquin,Sacramento,\nSolano,andYolo—allrevampingtheirgeneral\nplans—areincludingaDeltaelement.AndBenicia\nmayorElizabethPatterson,whosaidhercityhas\nintegratedwatershedrestorationintoitsgeneral\nplan,wrappedupthesessionbydescribingthe\nimportanceofconnectingsmallgrassrootswater-\nshedgroupswithmoversandshakers.“Weneed\ntogettheirideastowherethepoweris.”KCwhichoftenmeansnegotiatingforfewerparking\nspacesinconjunctio nwithdevelopmentor\nredevelopment.Evenasmallreductioninthe\nnumberofparkingspacescanoftenmakeacrit-\nicaldifferenceforacitystream.Riley’slesson:\n“Don’tacceptaplanasgiven.”\nButonegivenisthatcitieshaveinfrastruc-\nture—likestormdrains—that greatlyaffectstheir\nwatersheds,soplannersarefindingwaysto\nreducepollutionthroughgreenersolutions.The\nSFPUC’sRoseyJenksspokeofheragency’s\neffortstoreducethenumberofimpervious sur-\nfacesthatcarrypollutiontowatersheds. When\nroadsarerepaved,forexample,theirimperme-\nabilitycanbereducedsotheycanactasfilters.\nJenksalsodescribedhowgreenroofs—likethe\nnewoneattheCalifornia AcademyofSciences\n—arehelpingreducerunoff.\nTheideaofgreenbuildingiscurrentlypopu-\nlaramongarchitectsanddevelopers,notedPaul\nOkamotoofOkamotoSaijoArchitecture.But\nmoreneedstobedoneinlightofglobalclimate\nchange.Threedesignconceptsshouldbeinte-\ngratedintogreenbuilding.Firstisthe2030\nInitiative(astandardwhereallbuildingsshallbe\ncarbon-neutralby2030),whichhasalready\nbeenadoptedbytheU.S.ConferenceofMayors\nY O U R I N D E P E N D E N T S O U R C E F O R B A Y - D E L T A N E W S &V I E W S\nDECEMBER 2007 VOLUME16,NO.6\nEditorialOffice:POBox791\nOakland,CA94604\nlowensvi@sbcglobal.net\nEstuaryWebsiteat\nwww.e stuarynewsletter.com\nTosubscribeto/questionsaboutESTUARY:\n(510)622-2499\nESTUARYisabimonthlypublicationdedicatedtoprovidingan\nindependentnewssourceonBay-Deltawaterissues,estuarine\nrestorationeffortsandimplementationoftheS.F.EstuaryProject’s\nCompre hensiveConservationandManagementPlan(CCMP).It\nseekstorepresentthemanyvoicesandviewpointsthatcon-\ntributedtotheCCMP’sdevelopment.ESTUARY isfundedby\nindividualandorganizationalsubscriptionsandbygrantsfrom\ndiversestateandfederalgovernmentagenciesandlocalinterest\ngroups.AdministrativeservicesareprovidedbytheS.F.Estuary\nProjectandFriendsoftheS.F.Estuary,anonprofitcorporation.\nViewsexpressedmaynotnecessarilyreflectthoseofstaff,advisors\norcommitteemembers.\nSTAFF\nManaging Editor:LisaOwensViani\nAssociateEditor:KristiCoale\nPageDesign: BobbiSloan\nContributing\nWriters: JoeEaton\nandAmericanInstituteofArchitects.Secondis\nanalyzingintensityoftransportationaspartofa\ngreenbuildinganalysis.“Weneedtounderstand\nhowmuchenergyisspentontransportation\nduetothelocationofbuildingsandourcurrent\nland-usepatterns,”saidOkamoto.Third,build-\ningsshouldincorporatethedesignconceptof\n“passivesurvivability”—i.e.,storingrainwater—\ninwhichbuildingsarestillfunctionalwhenservices\nlikeelectricity,water,andsewerareinterrupted.\nPhilBobeloftheCityofPaloAltodiscussed\nhowtheSouthBayisstartingtouselessfresh-\nwaterandmorerecycledwaterforirrigation.\nPaloAltoandothercitieshavebeentestingeco-\nroofs,cisterns,andpermeablepavers.Said\nBobel,“What’sinnovativeaboutthis?The\nBabyloniansweredoingcisterns.”\nTheNRDC’sKristinaOrtizsaidlotsoflittle\ngadgetsthatmightnotseemsoinnovative,\nincorporatedintoplanning,cancollectivelysave\nalotofwater.Onebigconsumerofwateristhe\ntoilet:Newdualflushmodelscansavegallons.\nOrtiznotedthatpeopleneedtobecomeas\nattunedtoconservingwaterastheyareto\nenergy.EBMUDbillsnowincludeawaterbud-\ngetthatnotonlypresentsconsumption,but\nalsoprovidesclimateinformationtoshowcus-Ideas,question s,feedback?\nSendtolowensvi@sbcg loba l.net"
} |
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"pdf_file": "OB54TYALNJNUFASVPJ6FQ4ZJGVQ2FJMM.pdf",
"text": " There are many types of financial harm, and it can be difficult to know what to do when this happens to you, or someone you know. This document will help you quickly find the right reporting agency. Throughout this document, dark gold text and buttons link to financial topics, reporting agencies’ websites, and helpful resources. Use these links to navigate the content. Topics • Commodity Futures & Derivatives Fraud • Consumer Fraud • Contractor & Handyman Service Providers • Financial Crimes Against Nursing Home Residents • Financial Service Providers - Credit Card, Bank, Loan Issues • Identity Theft • Internet Crimes - Computer Hacked, Online Extortion, or Money Laundering • IRS Tax Scam & Impersonation • Mail Theft • Medicaid Fraud • Securities Fraud • Social Security Fraud & Misuse • Someone You Know & Trust • VA Benefits Fraud & Misuse • VA Extended Care & Home Care Fraud \n 10/03/16\t\r 2\t\r Commodity Futures & Derivatives Fraud The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) receives complaints related to: • Commodity futures contracts (cattle, sugar, grains, oil, gas, metals, etc.) • Options on commodity futures • Commodity pools • Leveraged precious metals • Foreign exchange (forex) • Virtual currencies (Bitcoin, etc.) • Binary options Or call the CFTC's toll-free number at 1-866-366-2382. • CFTC will only contact you if they need to know more about your tip or complaint. • Some complaints are pursued in the court system. The CFTC provides Case Status Reports to inform the public of the status of ongoing legal cases brought against defendants. CFTC SmartCheck℠ CFTC RED (Registration Deficient) List CFTC Fraud Advisories Securities Fraud Financial Service Providers - Credit Card, Bank, Loan Issues \n 10/03/16\t\r 3\t\r Consumer Fraud The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) takes complaints about problems with: • Scams and rip-offs • Unwanted telemarketing, text, and SPAM • Advertising claims • Online shopping • Privacy promises • Education, jobs, and making money • Debt collection • Cars • Health and fitness • The FTC cannot resolve individual complaints, but will provide you with information about what next steps to take on your own. • Complaints are stored in a secure database. • Local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies can use these complaints to open investigations or to detect patterns of fraud and abuse. Consumer Information Consumer Information: Scam Alerts Identity Theft Social Security Fraud & Misuse Medicaid Fraud VA Benefits Fraud & Misuse Financial Service Providers - Credit Card, Bank, Loan Issues \n 10/03/16\t\r 4\t\r Contractor & Handyman Service Providers State Attorney General’s offices handle complaints against contractor and handyman service providers, such as: • Deceptive practices that result in financial loss or theft in the course of what seem like legitimate business transactions • Yard work or home repairs where the work is not done or badly done • Charging excessive fees for completed work • What happens next depends on the state where you live. Each state has its own set of rules. • Check with your state's Attorney General for next steps. Protect Your Pocketbook – Tips to Avoid Financial Exploitation WISER Nurse: Protecting your Mother from Financial Fraud and Abuse Protect Yourself from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Home Improvement Scams - Tools to Reduce Your Risk\t\r Identity Theft Someone You Know & Trust Consumer Fraud \n 10/03/16\t\r 5\t\r Financial Crimes Against Nursing Home Residents Medicaid Fraud Control Units (MFCUs) investigate issues like these: • Theft • Neglect • Physical abuse • Sexual abuse • What happens next depends on the state where you live. Each state has its own set of rules. • Check with your state's MFCU for next steps. National Association of Medicaid Fraud Control Units Protecting Yourself and Medicare from Fraud Medical Identity Theft Protecting Residents from Financial Exploitation: A Manual for Assisted Living and Nursing Facilities VA Benefits Fraud & Misuse Social Security Fraud & Misuse \n \n 10/03/16\t\r 6\t\r Financial Service Providers The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) handles complaints on these types of consumer financial products: • Credit cards • Mortgages • Student loans • Consumer loans • Bank accounts and services • Credit reporting • Money transfers • Debt collection • Payday loans • Prepaid, credit repair and debt settlement services, and title and pawn loans • Virtual currency • Marketplace lending Or call (855) 411-CFPB (2372). Speak with an attendant who can answer questions and refer you to other services you may need that are offered outside of CFPB. • The CFPB will forward your complaint to the company and work to get you a response. • You will receive a response from the CFPB, generally within 15 days. Ask\t\r CFPB\t\r Financial Protection for Older Americans Managing Someone Else’s Money Identity Theft Securities Fraud Consumer Fraud \n 10/03/16\t\r 7\t\r Know Your Financial Adviser “Older Americans are not alone in the fight to stop financial abuse” Considering a Reverse Mortgage? Four things older Americans can do about debt collection problems 10/03/16\t\r 8\t\r Identity Theft IdentityTheft.gov is where you can report misuse of your information related to: • Credit cards • Tax returns • Medical records • Government benefits • Any other type of identity theft • Report identity theft and get a personal recovery plan. • Get an affidavit and pre-filled letters and forms to give to creditors and businesses. Consumer Information Consumer Information: Identity Theft Financial Service Providers - Credit Card, Bank, Loan Issues Consumer Fraud Social Security Fraud & Misuse \n 10/03/16\t\r 9\t\r Internet Crimes The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) receives complaints on these issues: • Computer intrusions (hacking) • Online extortion • International money laundering • A growing list of Internet facilitated crimes • Once you file a complaint with the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), you will receive the following message at the top of your filed complaint: “Thank you for submitting your complaint to the IC3. Please save or print a copy for your records. This is the only time you will have to make a copy of your complaint.” • Complaints are reviewed by IC3 and referred to the appropriate law enforcement and regulatory agencies, for criminal, civil, or administrative action, as appropriate. • Investigation and prosecution is decided by agency that receives the complaint. • Since IC3 does not conduct the investigation, they cannot provide you with the status of your complaint. Fraud Target: Senior Citizens Fraud Tips for Seniors Tips for Avoiding Scams Identity Theft Consumer Fraud \n 10/03/16\t\r 10\t\r IRS Tax Scam The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) investigates: • Impersonation schemes involving the IRS There are numerous telephone and email scams in which individuals claim to be employees of the IRS. These scammers often state that they are from the IRS Enforcement Division or the Criminal Investigation Division and tell victims that they have an unpaid federal tax bill. They often threaten to arrest victims, unless the claimed tax bill is paid in full. Do not provide any personal information or payment to these individuals and do not use iTunes or other pre-paid gift cards to pay a claimed tax bill. Or contact TIGTA at 1-800-366-4484. • Special Agents from TIGTA may contact you if you have lost money or identity information. • You will be contacted only if more information is needed about your complaint. IRS Tax Scams/Consumer Alerts Identity Theft Consumer Fraud \n 10/03/16\t\r 11\t\r Mail Theft The United States Postal Inspection Service (USPIS) investigates: • Mail Theft Or call 1-800-ASK-USPS (1-800-275-8777). • UPSIS will contact you only if more information is needed. Delivering Trust Identity Theft Consumer Fraud \n 10/03/16\t\r 12\t\r Medicaid Fraud Medicaid Fraud Control Units (MFCUs) investigate issues like these: • Billing for goods or services not provided • Billing for \"phantom\" patients • Double billing • Billing for more expensive procedures than were performed • Billing for medically unnecessary goods or services • Billing for non-covered goods or services • Kickbacks • Managed Care Plans committing patient recruiting or enrollment fraud • Managed Care Providers billing Managed Care Plans for medically unnecessary services • What happens next depends on the state where you live. Each state has its own set of rules. • Check with your state's MFCU for next steps. National Association of Medicaid Fraud Control Units Protecting Yourself and Medicare from Fraud Medical Identity Theft VA Benefits Fraud & Misuse Social Security Fraud & Misuse Financial Crimes Against Residents \n 10/03/16\t\r 13\t\r Securities Fraud The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) fields complaints and questions concerning: • Investments • Investment accounts • Financial professionals For questions, call the SEC’s Office of Investor Education and Advocacy at 1-800-732-0330 or visit Investor.gov • The SEC provides general responses for some types of complaints. • Questions generally receive more detailed responses. • You may not receive a follow up response from the SEC, depending on the nature of your complaint. Investor.gov Protect Your Money: Check out Brokers and Investment Advisers Seniors Protect Yourself Against Investment Fraud Identity Theft Commodity Futures & Derivatives Fraud Financial Service Providers - Credit Card, Bank, Loan Issues \n 10/03/16\t\r 14\t\r Social Security Fraud & Misuse The Social Security Administration (SSA) investigates reports like these: • Providing false information or evidence for a benefit claim • Concealment of work and assets • Representative payee misuse • Misuse and trafficking of Social Security numbers and cards by people or businesses • Reports of criminal activity and serious misconduct involving Social Security employees Or call 1-800-269-0271. • SSA’s Office of Inspector General (OIG) investigates all reports that are filed. • SSA OIG cannot provide you with information about actions taken on any reports. • Federal regulations do not allow information in law enforcement records to be shared, even with the person who made the report. When people need help managing their money When a payee manages your money A guide for representative payees Spotlight on Fraud Identity Theft Medicaid Fraud VA Benefits Fraud & Misuse \n 10/03/16\t\r 15\t\r Someone You Know & Trust Local and state Adult Protective Services (APS) agencies handle financial exploitation committed by people close to older adults, such as: • Theft using ATM cards, checks, or taking cash or property • Using the power of attorney to benefit oneself • Forgery of a signature • Unauthorized sales or changes to property titles or wills • Avoiding a doctor’s appointment to save the co-pay • Threats if money is not handed over • Signing over property under pressure • What happens next depends on the state where you live. Each state has its own set of rules. • Check with the reporting agency for next steps. Power of Attorney Money Smart for Older Adults - Prevent Financial Exploitation Protect Your Pocketbook – Tips to Avoid Financial Exploitation WISER Nurse: Protecting your Mother from Financial Fraud and Abuse Planning for diminished capacity and Identity Theft Social Security Fraud & Misuse Medicaid Fraud VA Benefits Fraud & Misuse \n 10/03/16\t\r 16\t\r illness Protect Yourself from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Managing Someone Else’s Money 10/03/16\t\r 17\t\r VA Benefits Fraud & Misuse Veterans Affairs (VA) investigates reports of: • Misuse of a beneficiary's VA benefits Or call the VA fiduciary program toll free number 1-888-407-0144, Or the VA toll free number 1-800-827-1000. • VA\t\r fiduciary\t\r hubs\t\r review\t\r all\t\r claims\t\r of\t\r misuse.\t\r \t\r • \t\r If\t\r misuse\t\r is\t\r likely,\t\r VA\t\r will\t\r work\t\r quickly\t\r to\t\r replace\t\r the\t\r fiduciary.\t\r \t\r \t\r • The\t\r VA\t\r fiduciary\t\r hub\t\r will\t\r investigate\t\r and\t\r determine\t\r if\t\r misuse\t\r occurred.\t\r \t\r • If\t\r misuse\t\r occurred,\t\r VA\t\r will\t\r work\t\r to\t\r make\t\r the\t\r beneficiary\t\r whole\t\r by\t\r reissuing\t\r the\t\r misused\t\r funds\t\r when\t\r it\t\r can.\t\r \t\r • VA\t\r aggressively\t\r pursues\t\r debt\t\r collection\t\r of\t\r VA\t\r funds\t\r from\t\r misusing\t\r fiduciaries.\t\r \t\r • If\t\r misuse\t\r occurred,\t\r VA\t\r provides\t\r the\t\r information\t\r to\t\r VA’s\t\r Office\t\r of\t\r Inspector\t\r General\t\r to\t\r pursue\t\r a\t\r criminal\t\r investigation.\t\r \t\r A Guide for VA Fiduciaries VA Extended Care & Home Care Fraud \n 10/03/16\t\r 18\t\r Identity Theft Social Security Fraud & Misuse 10/03/16\t\r 19\t\r VA Extended Care & Home Care Fraud Veterans Affairs (VA) investigates claims of fraud, abuse, or neglect involving: • Veteran residents of a VA nursing home • Veterans receiving home care • The VA will review your E-mail. • Depending on the nature of your complaint, the VA may refer the complaint to your state Attorney General's office for investigation and prosecution. Geriatrics and Extended Care Identity Theft Medicaid Fraud Social Security Fraud & Misuse \n"
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"text": "Table 1\nRates of County and District Levies for County and District Purposes\nFor Tax Year 2001\n(Including County and District Levies in Incorporated Towns but Not Including Town Levies\nfor Town Purposes.)\nCOUNTY LEVY Tax Rates per $100 of Assessed Value on\n(District Levies Tangible\nin Addition to Real Personal Machinery Merchants'\nCounty Levy) Estate Property and Tools Capital\nACCOMACK Not provided by county\nAtlantic District\nLee District\nMetompkin District\nPungoteague District\nDistrict Levies in Towns:\nChincoteague\nAccomac, Onancock, Onley \nBelle Haven, Keller, Melfa, \nPainter, Wachapreague\nHallwood, Saxis, Tangier\nBloxom, Parksley\nALBEMARLE 0.76 4.28 4.28 ...\nALLEGHANY 0.66 5.95 5.95 ...\nAMELIA 0.50 3.25 1.00 ...\nAMHERST 0.70 2.50 2.00 3.95\nAPPOMATTOX 0.80 3.50 3.50 1.00\nARLINGTON 1.023 4.40 4.40 ...\nAUGUSTA 0.58 1.90 1.90 ...\nBATH 0.50 0.20 0.20 ...\nBEDFORD 0.70 8.50* 6.00* 1.10*\nBLAND 0.69 1.60 0.73 0.73\nBOTETOURT Not provided by county\nBRUNSWICK 0.50 3.40 3.40 1.20\nBUCHANAN 0.49 1.95 1.95 2.00\nBUCKINGHAM 0.58 4.05 2.90 1.00\nCAMPBELL 0.57 3.25 3.25 3.25\nCAROLINE 0.75 6.25 3.50 ...\nCARROLL 0.64 1.30 1.30 2.30\nCHARLES CITY 0.76 3.40 2.50 2.80\nCHARLOTTE Not provided by county\nCHESTERFIELD 1.08 3.60 1.00 ...\nCLARKE 0.92 4.00 1.25 ...\nCRAIG 0.58 2.50 2.20 3.50\nCULPEPER 0.88 2.50 2.00 ...\nCUMBERLAND 0.76 4.50 4.50 ...\nDICKENSON 0.60 1.59 1.59 10.50\nDINWIDDIE 0.77 4.90 3.30 ...\nESSEX 0.58 3.50 3.50 3.75\n* Based on 20% ratio. Table 1 continued\nRates of County and District Levies for County and District Purposes\nFor Tax Year 2001\nCOUNTY LEVY Tax Rates per $100 of Assessed Value on\n(District Levies Tangible\nin Addition to Real Personal Machinery Merchants'\nCounty Levy) Estate Property and Tools Capital\nFAIRFAX 1.23 4.57 4.57 ...\nHunter Mill Rt. 28 0.20 ... ... ...\nHunter Mill Serv, Dist. #5 & 5A 0.06 ... ... ...\nDranesville Serv. Dist. #1A,#1A1,\n #1A2,#1A3,#1A4,#1A5,#1A6,\n #1A7,#1A8,#1A9,#1A12 0.028 ... ... ...\nDranesville Serv. Dist. #1A21,#1A11,\n #1A61, #3 0.038 ... ... ...\nDranesville Serv. Dist. #1E,#1B1 0.01 ... ... ...\nBraddock Serv. Dist. #2 0.01 ... ... ...\nLee Serv. Dist. #1A 0.02 ... ... ...\nLee Serv. Dist. #1B,#1C,#1D,#1E 0.01 ... ... ...\nMason Serv. Dist. #1,#2,#4,#7A,#9 0.01 ... ... ...\nMason Serv. Dist. #1A 0.147 ... ... ...\nMt. Vernon Serv. Dist. #1A,#1B,\n #1C,#1D 0.01 ... ... ...\nProvidence Serv. Dist. #1,#2,#4,\n #6,#7,#8 0.01 ... ... ...\nSully Serv. Dist. #5 0.06 ... ... ...\nSully Rt. 28 0.20 ... ... ...\nGypsy Moth Control 0.001 ... ... ...\nFAUQUIER 1.06 4.65 4.65 ...\nFLOYD 0.56 2.18 1.55 3.50\nFLUVANNA 0.71 3.70 2.00 ...\nFRANKLIN 0.55 1.67 0.54 1.08\nFREDERICK 0.61 4.20 2.00 ...\nGILES 0.59 7.00 7.00 4.80\nGLOUCESTER 0.95 3.50 3.50 ...\nGloucester Sanitary 0.02 ... ... ...\nGloucester Pt. Sanitary 0.02 ... ... ...\nMosquito 0.02 ... ... ...\nGOOCHLAND 0.69 4.00 3.75 ...\nJames River Sanitary 0.18 ... ... ...\nGRAYSON 0.59 1.25 1.25 6.70*\nGREENE 0.74 4.45 1.55 ...\nGREENSVILLE 0.64 4.50 3.50 ...\nHALIFAX 0.40 1.26 1.26 ...\nHANOVER 0.82 3.64 3.64 1.90\nHENRICO 0.94 3.50 1.00 ...\nSan. Dist. #2 0.007 0.001 ... ...\nSan. Dist. #3 0.020 0.001 ... ...\nSan. Dist. #3.1 0.072 0.001 ... ...\nSan. Dist. #12 0.020 0.001 ... ...\nSan. Dist. #23 0.030 0.001 ... ...\nHENRY 0.54 1.48 1.19 ...\nHIGHLAND 0.50 1.50 1.00 1.00\nISLE OF WIGHT 0.77 4.40 0.95 ...\nJAMES CITY 0.87 4.00 4.00 ...\nTransportation District 0.10 ... ... ...\nKING & QUEEN 0.75 3.94 0.99 0.65\nKING GEORGE 0.75 3.10 2.50 ...\n* On 10% of assessed value Table 1 continued\nRates of County and District Levies for County and District Purposes\nFor Tax Year 2001\nCOUNTY LEVY Tax Rates per $100 of Assessed Value on\n(District Levies Tangible\nin Addition to Real Personal Machinery Merchants'\nCounty Levy) Estate Property and Tools Capital\nKING WILLIAM 0.88 3.55 3.00 3.90\nTown of West Point County Levy 0.23 0.34 1.50 1.10\nLANCASTER 0.58 1.52 1.52 1.00\nLEE 0.65 1.41 1.41 1.41\nLOUDOUN 1.08 4.20 2.75 ...\nRoute 28 0.20 ... ... ...\nBroad Run Sewer 0.14 ... ... ...\nAldie Sewer 0.27 ... ... ...\nHamilton 0.30 ... ... ...\nLOUISA 0.67 1.70 1.70 0.65\nLUNENBURG 0.50 3.50 1.80 1.20\nMADISON 0.68 8.70* 5.50* 4.30*\nMATHEWS 0.73 2.14 2.14 ...\nMECKLENBURG 0.43 2.87 0.66 0.72\nMIDDLESEX 0.55 3.50** 3.50** 1.25**\nMONTGOMERY 0.745 2.45 1.82 6.05\nNELSON 0.72 2.95 1.25 ...\nNEW KENT 0.77 3.75 3.00 ...\nNORTHAMPTON 0.61 4.10 2.16 6.25\nNORTHUMBERLAND 0.61 3.60 3.60 2.00\nNOTTOWAY 0.54 3.15 1.25 ...\nORANGE 0.85 5.50 5.50 0.40\nPAGE 0.74 3.00 2.00 ...\nPATRICK 0.58 1.36 1.36 ...\nPITTSYLVANIA 0.60 7.25 4.50 2.75\nPOWHATAN 0.87 3.60 3.60 ...\nPRINCE EDWARD 0.59 3.20 3.20 0.70\nPRINCE GEORGE 0.95 4.00 1.50 ...\nPRINCE WILLIAM 1.30 3.70 2.00 ...\nGypsy Moth 0.0040 ... ... ...\nBuckhall, Wellington, Dumfries,\n Gainesville, Stonewall Jackson,\n Evergreen, Neabsco, Nokeville,\n O.W.L., Yorkshire, Coles, \n Lake Jackson 0.0728 ... ... ...\nTown of Dumfries 0.13 ... ... ...\nTown of Haymarket 0.14 0.60 0.60 ...\nTown of Occoquan 0.05 ... ... ...\nTown of Quantico 0.25 ... ... ...\nPULASKI 0.62 2.00 1.50 4.80\nRAPPAHANNOCK 0.89 3.20 ... ...\nRICHMOND 0.56 3.50 0.50 3.50\nROANOKE 1.12 3.50 3.00 ...\nROCKBRIDGE 0.57 3.25 2.55 ...\nROCKINGHAM 0.71 2.80 2.55 0.87\nRUSSELL 0.55 1.45 1.45 0.65\nSCOTT 0.73 1.40 0.72 0.72\n* On 20% base.\n** On 35% base. Table 1 continued\nRates of County and District Levies for County and District Purposes\nFor Tax Year 2001\nCOUNTY LEVY Tax Rates per $100 of Assessed Value on\n(District Levies Tangible\nin Addition to Real Personal Machinery Merchants'\nCounty Levy) Estate Property and Tools Capital\nSHENANDOAH 0.64 2.86 2.86 0.60\nStoney Creek San. Dist. 0.30 ... ... ...\nToms Brook San. Dist. 0.05 ... ... ...\nSMYTH 0.70 2.25 1.20 0.40\nSOUTHAMPTON 0.60 4.00 2.40 0.50\nSPOTSYLVANIA 1.07 5.00 2.50 ...\nSTAFFORD 1.18 5.49 0.75 0.50\nSURRY 0.75 3.50 1.00 ...\nSUSSEX 0.60 4.85 4.85 1.00\nTAZEWELL 0.60 2.00 2.00 4.30\nWARREN 0.86 3.15 2.25 ...\nWASHINGTON 0.57 1.55 1.55 ...\nWESTMORELAND 0.61 2.50 1.50 0.50\nWISE 0.52 1.15 1.15 2.85\nWYTHE 0.71 2.27 1.50 0.56\nYORK 0.86 4.00 4.00 ...\nNote: additional levies may apply for special services provided by some localities. Table 2\nRates of City Levies for City Purposes for Tax Year 2001\nTax Rates per $100 of Assessed Value on\nTangible\nCITY LEVY Real Personal Machinery Merchants'\nEstate Property and Tools Capital\nALEXANDRIA Not provided by city\nBEDFORD** 0.76 1.80 1.30 ...\nBRISTOL 0.98 6.00 6.00 ...\nBUENA VISTA** 0.95 4.25 4.25 ...\nCHARLOTTESVILLE** 1.11 4.20 4.20 ...\nCHESAPEAKE** 1.26 4.00 3.12 ...\n Mosquito Control 0.02 0.08 0.08 ...\nCOLONIAL HEIGHTS 1.20 3.50 2.00 ...\nCOVINGTON** 0.71 5.60 5.53 ...\nDANVILLE** 0.785 3.00 1.50 ...\nEMPORIA** 0.84 5.00 5.00 ...\nFAIRFAX 0.98 3.29 3.29 ...\nFALLS CHURCH** 1.13 4.71 4.71 ...\nFRANKLIN** 0.90 4.50 2.00 ...\nFREDERICKSBURG** 1.13 2.99 0.80 ...\nGALAX** 0.76 1.42 1.42 ...\nHAMPTON** 1.27 4.25 2.50 ...\nHARRISONBURG** 0.62 2.00 2.00 ...\nHOPEWELL 1.12 3.05 3.03 ...\nLEXINGTON** 0.70 3.95 3.95 ...\nLYNCHBURG** 1.11 3.30 3.00 ...\nMANASSAS 1.24 3.05 1.71 ...\nMANASSAS PARK 1.42 3.50 3.50 ...\nMARTINSVILLE** 0.94 1.92 1.85 ...\nNEWPORT NEWS 1.24 4.15 3.50 ...\nNORFOLK ** 1.40 4.00 4.00 ...\nNORTON 0.70 1.85 1.85 ...\nPETERSBURG** 1.41 4.30 3.80 ...\nPOQUOSON** 1.12 3.85 3.85 ...\nPORTSMOUTH** 1.42 4.35 3.00 ...\nRADFORD 0.70 2.14 1.76 ...\nRICHMOND** 1.41 3.70 2.30 ...\nROANOKE 1.21 3.45 3.45 ...\nSALEM** 1.18 3.20 3.20 ...\nSTAUNTON 1.00 2.00 2.00 ...\nSUFFOLK 1.08 4.25 3.15 ...\nVIRGINIA BEACH 1.22 3.70 3.70 ...\nWAYNESBORO 0.97 5.00 3.00 ...\nWILLIAMSBURG** 0.54 3.50 3.50 ...\nWINCHESTER** 0.72 3.50 1.20 ...\n** Real estate rate is for FY 2001-2002.\nNote: additional levies may apply for special services provided by some localities.\nSouth Boston reverted to a town in Halifax County, effective July 1995. Table 3\nRates of Town Levies for Town Purposes for Tax Year 2001\n(In Addition to Any County and District Rates Imposed by \nthe County Authorities Shown in Table 1)\n Tax Rates per $100 Assessed Value on\nTangible\nTOWN LEVY County Location Real Personal Machinery Merchants'\nOf Town Estate Property and Tools Capital\nAbingdon Washington 0.32 0.55 0.55 ...\nAccomac Accomack 0.07 0.10 0.10 ...\nAlberta Brunswick 0.30 1.90 1.90 ...\nAltavista Campbell 0.23 2.00 2.00 ...\nAmherst Amherst 0.07 0.35 0.35 ...\nAppalachia Wise 0.35 0.70 0.70 ...\nAppomattox Appomattox 0.15 0.55 0.55 0.55\nAshland Hanover 0.09 0.77 0.77 ...\nBelle Haven Accomack and Northampton 0.04 ... ... ...\nBerryville Clarke 0.23 1.00 0.90 ...\nBig Stone Gap Wise 0.39 0.62 0.62 ...\nBlacksburg Montgomery 0.20 ... ... ...\nBlackstone Nottoway 0.17 0.65 ... ...\nBloxom Accomack Not provided by town\nBluefield Tazewell 0.25 0.60 0.60 ...\nBoones Mill Franklin 0.10 0.40 ... ...\nBowling Green Caroline 0.16 1.20 1.20 ...\nBoyce Clarke 0.07 0.60 0.60 ...\nBoydton Mecklenburg 0.33 0.88 0.88 ...\nBoykins Southampton 0.27 1.20 0.50 ...\nBranchville Southampton Not provided by town\nBridgewater Rockingham 0.09 0.75 0.75 ...\nBroadway Rockingham 0.07 0.51 0.40 ...\nBrodnax Brunswick and Mecklenburg 0.25 1.00 1.00 ...\nBrookneal Campbell 0.17 1.70 1.70 ...\nBuchanan Botetourt 0.19 0.22 0.10 0.10\nBurkeville Nottoway 0.11 0.66 0.66 ...\nCape Charles Northampton 0.37 2.00 2.00 ...\nCapron Southampton 0.03 1.00 ... ...\nCedar Bluff Tazewell 0.19 0.35 0.35 ...\nCharlotte C.H Charlotte 0.11 1.00 1.00 1.00\nChase City Mecklenburg Not provided by town\nChatham Pittsylvania Not provided by town\nCheriton Northampton ... ... ... ...\nChilhowie Smyth 0.12 0.20 0.20 ...\nChincoteague Accomack 0.13 0.85 0.85 ...\nChristiansburg Montgomery 0.144 0.45 0.45 ...\nClaremont Surry 0.05 0.60 0.60 ...\nClarksville Mecklenburg 0.26 1.31 0.38 ...\nCleveland Russell 0.15 0.50 ... ...\nClifton Fairfax ... ... ... ...\nClinchco Dickenson 0.10 ... ... ...\nClinchport Scott Not provided by town\nClintwood Dickenson 0.11 0.30 0.30 ...\nCoeburn Wise 0.17 0.40 0.40 ...\nColonial Beach Westmoreland Not provided by town\nColumbia Fluvanna Not provided by town\nCourtland Southampton 0.22 1.14 1.14 ...\nCraigsville Augusta 0.58 1.90 1.90 ... Table 3 continued\nRates of Town Levies for Town Purposes for Tax Year 2001\n Tax Rates per $100 Assessed Value on\nTangible\nTOWN County Location Real Personal Machinery Merchants'\nLEVY FOR Of Town Estate Property and Tools Capital\nCrewe Nottoway 0.17 1.00 1.00 1.00\nCulpeper Culpeper Not provided by town\nDamascus Washington 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.20\nDayton Rockingham Not provided by town\nDendron Surry 0.05 0.60 ... ...\nDillwyn Buckingham 0.04 0.28 0.28 ...\nDrakes Branch Charlotte 0.20 0.37 0.37 1.10\nDublin Pulaski 0.21 0.50 0.50 ...\nDuffield Scott ... ... ... ...\nDumfries Prince William 0.13 ... ... ...\nDungannon Scott 0.12 ... ... ...\nEastville Northampton 0.0275 0.25 0.25 0.25\nEdinburg Shenandoah 0.185 0.75 0.75 ...\nElkton Rockingham 0.10 0.46 0.46 ...\nExmore Northampton 0.12 0.45 0.45 ...\nFarmville Prince Edward 0.14 1.50 ... ...\nFincastle Botetourt ... ... ... ...\nFloyd Floyd 0.087 0.25 0.25 ...\nFries Grayson 0.25 1.75 1.74 ...\nFront Royal Warren 0.13 0.60 0.60 ...\nGate City Scott 0.28 ... ... ...\nGlade Spring Washington 0.17 0.17 ... 0.17\nGlasgow Rockbridge 0.10 0.75 0.53 ...\nGlen Lyn Giles 0.20 1.00 1.00 1.00\nGordonsville Orange Not provided by town\nGoshen Rockbridge ... ... ... ...\nGretna Pittsylvania 0.25 1.50 1.50 ...\nGrottoes Augusta and Rockingham 0.12 0.38 ... ...\nGrundy Buchanan 0.22 0.50 ... ...\nHalifax Halifax 0.22 0.80 0.01 ...\nHallwood Accomack 0.14 0.45 0.45 ...\nHamilton Loudoun 0.29 1.10 1.10 ...\nHaymarket Prince William 0.14 0.60 0.60 ...\nHaysi Dickenson 0.15 0.10 0.10 ...\nHerndon Fairfax 0.32 ... ... ...\nHillsboro Loudoun Not provided by town\nHillsville Carroll 0.23 0.70 0.70 ...\nHonaker Russell 0.13 ... ... 0.05\nHurt Pittsylvania 0.175 2.50 2.50 ...\nIndependence Grayson 0.21 0.63 0.63 ...\nIron Gate Alleghany 0.24 1.00 1.00 1.00\nIrvington Lancaster ... ... ...\nIvor Southampton Not provided by town\nJarratt Greensville and Sussex Not provided by town\nJonesville Lee 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25\nKeller Accomack 0.10 0.10 ...\nKenbridge Lunenburg 0.36 1.25 ...\nKeysville Charlotte 0.18 0.60 0.60\nKilmarnock Lancaster 0.14 0.16 ...\nNorthumberland 0.14 0.40 ... Table 3 continued\nRates of Town Levies for Town Purposes for Tax Year 2001\n Tax Rates per $100 Assessed Value on\nTangible\nTOWN County Location Real Personal Machinery Merchants'\nLEVY FOR Of Town Estate Property and Tools Capital\nLa Crosse Mecklenburg 0.31 0.44 0.24\nLawrenceville Brunswick 0.30 1.80 1.80\nLebanon Russell 0.20 0.50 0.75\nLeesburg Loudoun 0.22 1.00 1.00 ...\nLouisa Louisa 0.21 0.71 ... ...\nLovettsville Loudoun 0.20 ... ... ...\nLuray Page 0.25 0.40 0.40 ...\nMcKenney Dinwiddie 0.07 0.50 0.50 ...\nMadison Madison 0.145 ... ... ...\nMarion Smyth 0.11 0.29 0.29 ...\nMelfa Accomack 0.05 ... ... ...\nMiddleburg Loudoun 0.10 1.00 1.00 0.15\nMiddletown Frederick 0.065 1.25 ... 0.20\nMineral Louisa 0.25 0.44 ... ...\nMonterey Highland 0.13 0.35 1.00 1.00\nMontross Westmoreland 0.06 ... ... ...\nMount Crawford Rockingham 0.50 0.20 ... ...\nMount Jackson Shenandoah 0.19 0.75 ... ...\nNarrows Giles 0.42 3.75 3.75 ...\nNassawadox Northampton Not provided by town\nNew Castle Craig 0.04 0.13 ... 0.50\nNew Market Shenandoah 0.15 0.80 0.80 ...\nNewsoms Southampton Not provided by town\nNickelsville Scott Not provided by town\nOccoquan Fairfax and Prince William 0.05 ... ... ...\nOnancock Accomack 0.43 2.00 2.00 ...\nOnley Accomack Not provided by town\nOrange Orange Not provided by town\nPainter Accomack 0.06 0.30 0.30 0.06\nPamplin Appomattox & Prince Edward 0.20 1.00 1.00 ...\nParksley Accomack 0.35 0.80 0.80 ...\nPearisburg Giles 0.33 3.75 3.75 ...\nPembroke Giles 0.30 2.50 ... ...\nPennington Gap Lee 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25\nPhenix Charlotte 0.08 0.50 ... ...\nPocahontas Tazewell Not provided by town\nPort Royal Caroline Not provided by town\nPound Wise 0.40 0.44 0.44 ...\nPulaski Pulaski 0.32 0.74 0.74 ...\nPurcellville Loudoun 0.24 1.05 0.55 ...\nQuantico Prince William 0.20 ... ... ...\nRemington Fauquier 0.14 1.10 ... ...\nRich Creek Giles 0.22 2.50 2.50 ...\nRichlands Tazewell Not provided by town\nRidgeway Henry 0.01 0.11 ... ...\nRocky Mount Franklin 0.12 0.51 0.17 ...\nRound Hill Loudoun Not provided by town\nRural Retreat Wythe 0.25 0.45 0.10 ...\nSt. Charles Lee 0.25 ... ... ... Table 3 continued\nRates of Town Levies for Town Purposes for Tax Year 2001\n Tax Rates per $100 Assessed Value on\nTangible\nTOWN County Location Real Personal Machinery Merchants'\nLEVY FOR Of Town Estate Property and Tools Capital\nSt. Paul Wise 0.18 0.31 0.31 ...\nSaltville Smyth and Washington 0.15 0.50 0.65 ...\nSaxis Accomack 0.10 0.25 0.25 ...\nScottsburg Halifax Not provided by town\nScottsville Albemarle and Fluvanna ... ... ... ...\nShenandoah Page 0.28 0.33 0.33 ...\nSmithfield Isle of Wight 0.23 1.00 0.15 ...\nSouth Boston Halifax 0.19 1.42 0.31 ...\nSouth Hill Mecklenburg 0.30 1.05 0.38 ...\nStanardsville Greene ... ... ... ...\nStanley Page 0.16 0.45 0.45 ...\nStephens City Frederick 0.075 1.00 0.50 1.00\nStony Creek Sussex 0.08 0.60 0.60 ...\nStrasburg Shenandoah 0.22 1.11 0.86 ...\nStuart Patrick 0.19 0.33 0.33 ...\nSurry Surry Not provided by town\nTangier Accomack 0.55 ... ... ...\nTappahannock Essex 0.13 1.25 1.00 ...\nTazewell Tazewell 0.26 0.50 0.50 ...\nThe Plains Fauquier 0.075 0.50 ... ...\nTimberville Rockingham 0.17 0.30 0.30 ...\nToms Brook Shenandoah 0.10 0.50 ... ...\nTroutdale Grayson ... ... ... ...\nTroutville Botetourt ... ... ... ...\nUrbanna Middlesex 0.25 0.65 ... ...\nVictoria Lunenburg 0.15 0.98 0.98 ...\nVienna Fairfax 0.30 ... ... ...\nVinton Roanoke 0.05 1.00 1.00 ...\nVirgilina Halifax 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20\nWachapreague Accomack 0.25 ... ... ...\nWakefield Sussex 0.093 0.86 0.86 ...\nWarrenton Fauquier 0.05 1.00 1.00 ...\nWarsaw Richmond 0.08 0.60 0.60 ...\nWashington Rappahannock ... ... ... ...\nWaverly Sussex 0.22 1.85 1.06 ...\nWeber City Scott 0.12 ... ...\nWest Point King William 0.545 3.30 3.20 ...\nWhite Stone Lancaster ... ... ... ...\nWindsor Isle of Wight 0.08 0.50 0.10 ...\nWise Wise 0.26 0.53 0.53 ...\nWoodstock Shenandoah 0.19 0.90 0.90 ...\nWytheville Wythe 0.143 0.28 0.28 ...\nThe City of South Boston reverted to a town in Halifax County effective July 1995.\nNote: an additional county and district levy may be imposed in some towns."
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"text": "Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nTable of Contents 1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 2.0 SITE CHARACTERIZATION........................................................................................... 2-6 \n2.1 Geology.................................................................................................................... 2-13 \n2.1.1 Data Sources ................................................................................................ 2-14 \n2.1.2 Geologic History.......................................................................................... 2-16 \n2.1.3 Stratigraphy and Lithology in th e Vicinity of the WIPP Site ...................... 2-19 \n2.1.3.1 General Stratigraphy and Lithology below the Bell Canyon ... 2-23 \n2.1.3.2 The Bell Canyon....................................................................... 2-24 \n2.1.3.3 The Castile................................................................................ 2-26 \n2.1.3.4 The Salado................................................................................ 2-30 \n2.1.3.5 The Rustler ............................................................................... 2-38 \n2.1.3.6 The Dewey Lake ...................................................................... 2-50 \n2.1.3.7 The Santa Rosa......................................................................... 2-53 \n2.1.3.8 The Gatuña ............................................................................... 2-53 \n2.1.3.9 Mescalero Caliche .................................................................... 2-55 \n2.1.3.10 Surficial Sediments................................................................... 2-57 \n2.1.3.11 Summary .................................................................................. 2-58 \n2.1.4 Physiography and Geomorphology.............................................................. 2-58 \n2.1.4.1 Regional Physiography and Geomorphology........................... 2-59 \n2.1.4.2 Site Physiography and Geomorphology................................... 2-59 \n2.1.5 Tectonic Setting and Site Structural Features.............................................. 2-62 \n2.1.5.1 Tectonics .................................................................................. 2-62 \n2.1.5.2 Loading and Unloading ............................................................ 2-66 \n2.1.5.3 Faulting..................................................................................... 2-69 \n2.1.5.4 Igneous Activity ....................................................................... 2-69 \n2.1.6 Nontectonic Processes and Features ............................................................ 2-71 \n2.1.6.1 Evaporite Deformation ............................................................. 2-71 \n2.1.6.2 Evaporite Dissolution............................................................... 2-76 \n2.2 Surface Water and Groundwater Hydrology ........................................................... 2-81 \n2.2.1 Groundwater Hydrology .............................................................................. 2-82 \n2.2.1.1 Conceptual Models of Groundwater Flow ............................... 2-87 \n2.2.1.2 Units Below the Salado ............................................................ 2-89 \n2.2.1.3 Hydrology of the Salado........................................................... 2-93 \n2.2.1.4 Units Above the Salado............................................................ 2-97 \n2.2.1.5 Hydrology of Other Groundwater Zones of Regional \n Importance.............................................................................. 2-122 \n2.2.2 Surface-Water Hydrology.......................................................................... 2-127 \n2.3 Resources ............................................................................................................... 2-1 32 \n2.3.1 Extractable Resources................................................................................ 2-133 \n2.3.1.1 Potash Resources at the WIPP Site ........................................ 2-133 \n2.3.1.2 Hydrocarbon Resources at the WIPP Site.............................. 2-134 \n2.3.1.3 Other Resources ..................................................................... 2-138 \n2.3.2 Cultural and Economic Resources............................................................. 2-138 \n2.3.2.1 Demographics......................................................................... 2-138 \n2.3.2.2 Land Use................................................................................. 2-141 \n2.3.2.3 History and Archaeology........................................................ 2-142 \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 i March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 \n16 17 \n18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 \n41 \n42 43 2.4 Background Environmental Conditions................................................................. 2-145 \n2.5 Climate and Meteorological Conditions ................................................................ 2-145 \n2.5.1 Historic Climatic Conditions ..................................................................... 2-145 \n2.5.2 Recent Climatic Conditions ....................................................................... 2-148 \n2.5.2.1 General Climatic Conditions .................................................. 2-148 \n2.5.2.2 Temperature Summary ........................................................... 2-148 \n2.5.2.3 Precipitation Summary ........................................................... 2-149 \n2.5.2.4 Wind Speed and Wind Direction Summary ........................... 2-149 \n2.6.1 Seismic History.......................................................................................... 2-160 \n2.6.2 Seismic Risk............................................................................................... 2-162 \n2.6.2.1 Acceleration Attenuation........................................................ 2-162 \n2.6.2.2 Seismic Source Zones ............................................................ 2-163 \n2.6.2.3 Source Zone Recurrence Formulas and Maximum \n Magnitudes ............................................................................. 2-163 \n2.6.2.4 Design Basis Earthquake........................................................ 2-166 \nREFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... ... 2-168 \n \nList of Figures \nFigure 2-1. WIPP Site Location in Southeastern New Mexico .................................................. 2-8 \nFigure 2-2. WIPP Site and Vicinity Borehole Location Map (partial)..................................... 2-17 \nFigure 2-3. Locations of Culebra Monitoring Wells Inside the WIPP Site Boundary ............. 2-18 \nFigure 2-5. Locations of Ma genta Monitoring Wells ............................................................... 2-19 \nFigure 2-6. Locations of Monitoring Wells Co mpleted to Hydrostratigraphic Units Other \nThan the Culebra and Magenta Dolo mite Members (See also Figure 2-\n39). .................................................................................................................. 2-20 \nFigure 2-7. Major Geologic Events - Southeast New Mexico Region ..................................... 2-21 \nFigure 2-8. Partial Site Geologic Column................................................................................. 2-22 \nFigure 2-9. Schematic Cross-Section from De laware Basin (southeas t) through Marginal \nReef Rocks to Back-Reef Facies (based on King 1948)................................. 2-25 \nFigure 2-10. Structure Contour Map of Top of Bell Canyon ................................................... 2-27 \nFigure 2-11. Generalized St ratigraphic Cross Section a bove Bell Canyon Formation at \nWIPP Site........................................................................................................ 2-28 \nFigure 2-12. Salado Stratigraphy in the Vici nity of the WIPP Disposal Zone......................... 2-32 \nFigure 2-13. Dissolution Margin for the Upper Salado ............................................................ 2-36 \nFigure 2-14. Rustler Stratigraphy ............................................................................................. 2-39 \nFigure 2-15. Halite Margins for th e Rustler Formation Members............................................ 2-41 \nFigure 2-16. Isopach Map of the Entire Rustler ....................................................................... 2-43 \nFigure 2-17. Percentage of Natural Fractur es in the Culebra Filled with Gypsum .................. 2-46 \nFigure 2-18. Log Character of the Rus tler Emphasizing Mudstone-Halite Lateral \nRelationships................................................................................................... 2-49 \nFigure 2-19. Isopach of the Dewey Lake.................................................................................. 2-52 \nFigure 2-20. Isopach of the Santa Rosa .................................................................................... 2-54 \nFigure 2-21. Isopach of the Gatuña........................................................................................... 2 -56 \nMarch 2004 ii DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Figure 2-22. Physiographic Provinces and Sections................................................................. 2-60 \nFigure 2-23 Topographic Map of the Area Around the WIPP Site .......................................... 2-61 \nFigure 2-24. Structural Provinces of the Permian Basin Region.............................................. 2-64 \nFigure 2-25. Loading and Unloading History Es timated to the Base of the Culebra ............... 2-67 \nFigure 2-26. Regional Structures .............................................................................................. 2-70 \nFigure 2-27. Igneous Dike in th e Vicinity of the WIPP Site .................................................... 2-72 \nFigure 2-28. Elevations of the Top of the Culebra Dolomite Member..................................... 2-75 \nFigure 2-29. Isopach from the Base of MB 103 to the Top of the Salado................................ 2-79 \nFigure 2-30. Schematic West-East Cross Sect ion through the North Delaware Basin ............ 2-84 \nFigure 2-31. Schematic North-South Cross Section through the North Delaware Basin......... 2-85 \nFigure 2-33. Outline of the Groundwater Basin Model Domain on a Topographic Map ........ 2-98 \nFigure 2-34. Transmissiviti es of the Culebra.......................................................................... 2-104 \nFigure 2-35. Correlation Between Culebra Transmissivity (log T (m2/s)) and Overburden \nThickness for Different Geologic Environments (after Holt and \nYarbrough 2002)........................................................................................... 2-106 \nFigure 2-36. Water-level Tre nds in Nash Draw Wells and at P-14 (see Figure 2-2 for well \nlocations)....................................................................................................... 2-109 \nFigure 2-37. Hydraulic Heads in the Culebra ......................................................................... 2-111 \nFigure 2-38. Hydraulic Heads in the Magenta (1980s)........................................................... 2-118 \nFigure 2-39. Site Map of WIPP Surface Stru ctures Area Showing Location of Wells (e.g., \nC-2505) and Piezometers (e.g., PZ-1) (after INTERA 1997)....................... 2-123 \nFigure 2-40. Santa Rosa Potentiometric Surface Map............................................................ 2-124 \nFigure 2-41. Brine Aquifer in the Nash Draw (Redrawn from CCA Appendix HYDRO, \nFigure 14)...................................................................................................... 2-126 \nFigure 2-42. Measured Water Levels of the Los Medaños and Rustler-Salado Contact \nZone (1980s) ................................................................................................. 2-128 \nFigure 2-43. Location of Rese rvoirs and Gauging Stations in the Pecos River Drainage \nArea............................................................................................................... 2-130 \nFigure 2-44. Known Potash Leases Within the Delaware Basin............................................ 2-135 \nFigure 2-45. Extent of Economically Mineable Reserves Inside the Site Boundary (Based \non NMBMMR Report) ................................................................................. 2-136 \nFigure 2-46. Delaware Basin Boundary.................................................................................. 2-139 \nFigure 2-47. Distribution of Existing Petroleum Industry Boreholes Within Two Miles of \nthe WIPP Site................................................................................................ 2-140 \nFigure 2-48. Monthly Precipitation fo r the WIPP Site from 1990-2002 ................................ 2-151 \nFigure 2-49. 1995 Annual Wind Rose at 10-m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site......................... 2-152 \nFigure 2-50. 1996 Annual Wind Rose at 10-m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site......................... 2-153 \nFigure 2-51. 1997 Annual Wind Rose at 10-m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site......................... 2-154 \nFigure 2-52. 1998 Annual Wind Rose at 10-m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site......................... 2-155 \nFigure 2-53. 1999 Annual Wind Rose at 10-m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site......................... 2-156 \nFigure 2-54. 2000 Annual Wind Rose at 10-m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site......................... 2-157 \nFigure 2-55. 2001 Annual Wind Rose at 10-m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site......................... 2-158 \nFigure 2-56. 2002 Annual Wind Rose at 10-m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site......................... 2-159 \nFigure 2-57. Regional Earthquake Epicen ters Occurring between 1961 and 2002................ 2-161 \nFigure 2-58. Seismic Source Zones ........................................................................................ 2-164 \nFigure 2-59. Alternate Source Geometries ............................................................................. 2-165 \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 iii March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Figure 2-60. Total WIPP Facility Risk Curve Extrema.......................................................... 2-167 \n \nList of Tables \nTable 2-1. Issues Related to the Natural E nvironment That Were Evaluated for the WIPP \nPA Scenario Screening ..................................................................................... 2-9 \nTable 2-2. Chemical Formulas , Distributions, and Relative A bundances of Minerals in the \nCastile, Salado, and Rustler Formations......................................................... 2-33 \nTable 2-3. Culebra Th ickness Data Sets................................................................................... 2-47 \nTable 2-4. Hydrologic Character istics of the Rustler at th e WIPP and in Nash Draw............. 2-86 \nTable 2-5. Depth Intervals of the Injection Zones of Six Salt-Water Injection Wells \nLocated Near Well H-9 (after SNL 2003a)..................................................... 2-91 \nTable 2-6. WIPP Salado and Ca stile Brine Compositions........................................................ 2-94 \nTable 2-7. Estimates of Culebra Tran smissivity Model Coefficients..................................... 2-106 \nTable 2-8. Ninety-Five Percent Confidence Inte rvals for Culebra Water-Quality Baseline .. 2-108 \nTable 2-9. Ninety-Five Percent Confidence Intervals for Dewey Lake Water-Quality \nBaseline......................................................................................................... 2-120 \nTable 2-10. Capacities of Reservoirs in the P ecos River Drainage ........................................ 2-131 \nTable 2-11. Current Estimates of Pota sh Resources at the WIPP Site ................................... 2-134 \nTable 2-12. In-Place Oil within Study Area ........................................................................... 2-137 \nTable 2-13. In-Place Gas within Study Area .......................................................................... 2-137 \nTable 2-14. Annual Average, Maximu m, and Minimum Temperatures ................................ 2-149 \n \nMarch 2004 iv DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 This page intentionally left blank \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 v March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n2.0 SITE CHARACTERIZATION 1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 \n31 \n32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 \n41 \n42 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) uses the performance assessment (PA) methodology \ndescribed in Chapter 6.0 to demonstrate that th e Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) disposal \nsystem will meet the environmental performance standards of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 191 Subparts B and C. In order to effectively use PA, three inputs are \nnecessary: What can happen to the disposal syst em? What are the chance s of it happening? What \nare the consequences if it happens? The answer s to these questions are derived from many \nsources, including field studies, la boratory evaluations, experiments, and, in the case of some \nfeatures not amenable to direct characterization, professional judgment. The information used in \nPA is described in terms of feat ures of the disposal system that can be used to describe its \nisolation capability, events that can affect the disposal system, and processes that are reasonably \nexpected to act on the disposal system. \nThe DOE selected the Los Medaños region and present site for the WIPP based on certain \ndefined siting criteria. The site selection pr ocess, which was focused on sites that contained \ncertain favorable features while other unfavorable features we re excluded, was applied by the \nDOE with the intent of finding the area that best met the siting criteria. The siting process is discussed in CCA Appendix GCR. Chapters 3.0, 4.0, and 6.0 and severa l appendices provide \nadditional information supporting this chapter. \nConceptual models of the WIPP disposal system simulate the interaction between the natural \nenvironment (described in this ch apter), the engineered structures (described in Chapter 3.0) and \nthe waste (described in Chapter 4.0). One starting point in devel oping conceptual models of the \nWIPP disposal system is an understanding of the na tural characteristics of the site and of the \nregion around the site. Site ch aracterization and model developm ent is an interactive process \nthat the DOE has used for many years. Basic site information leads to initial models. Initial \nmodel sensitivity studies indica te the need for more detailed information. More site \ncharacterization then leads to improved models. In addition, an assessm ent of the impacts of \nuncertainty inherent in the para meters used to numerically simulate geological features and \nprocesses has also led the DOE to conduct more in -depth investigations of the natural system. \nThese investigations generally proceeded until uncertainty was sufficiently reduced or to the \npoint where no further informati on could be reasonably obtained. \nThe discussion of conceptual models and ini tial and boundary conditions is in Section 6.4 and \nAppendix PA, Attachment MASS. Conceptual m odels implement scenarios about the future. \nScenario development is discussed in Section 6.3. Scenario developm ent requires as inputs \ninformation about the natural features, events, and processes (FEPs) th at can reasonably be \nexpected to act on the disposal system. While the list of possibl e FEPs is derived independently \nof the disposal system, their screening (in Section 6.2 and Appe ndix PA, Attachment SCR) is \nbased on an understanding of the geology, hydrology, and climatology of the region and the site \nin particular. The screening methodology follows U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) \ncriteria on the Scope of Performance Assessmen ts (40 CFR § 191.32). This basic understanding \nis provided in this chapter and its associated appendices. \nTable 2-1 shows the tie between the list of natural FEPs that were identified and screened for the \nWIPP and the sections of this chapter or Appendi x PA, Attachment SCR. Those FEPs that have \nMarch 2004 2-6 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 \n5 \n6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 \n16 \n17 \n18 \n19 \n20 \n21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 \n31 \n32 33 34 35 36 \n37 \n38 39 40 been retained for inclusion in the modeling are shown in bold in Table 2-1. These generally \nreceive a greater level of detail in the following discu ssions and are supported by additional \ndiscussion in Chapter 6.0, Appendix PA, Attachme nts MASS and SCR. In addition, parameter \nvalues that have been derived for these FEPs are included in Appendix PA, Attachment PAR. \nIn this chapter, the DOE describes the WI PP site geology, hydrology, climatology, air quality, \necology, and cultural and natural resources. Th is chapter’s purpose is to (1) explain \ncharacteristics of the site, (2) describe b ackground environmental qua lity, and (3) discuss \nfeatures of the site that might be important for inclusion in a quantitative PA. The DOE has used \nthis information to develop and screen FEPs and to develop conceptual, mathematical, and \ncomputational models to evaluate the efficacy of natural and engineer ed barriers in meeting \nenvironmental performance standards (Chapter 6.0). Results of these predictive models are used \nby the DOE to demonstrate that the DOE has a reasonable expectation that compliance with \napplicable regulations will be achieved. This chapter has been prepared to describe the site prior to excavating the repository. Excav ation of the repository and its as sociated effects, such as the \ndisturbed rock zone (DRZ), are discussed in Chapter 3.0. \nThe DOE located the WIPP site 42 km (26 mi) eas t of Carlsbad, New Mexico, in Eddy County \n(Figure 2-1). Additional details related to the locati on of the WIPP site can be found in Section \n2.1.4.2 and in Figure 3-1 (see Chapter 3.0). The latitude of the WI PP site center is 32 E22' 11\" N \nand the longitude is 103 E47' 30\" W. The region surrounding th e WIPP site has been studied for \nmany years, and exploration of both potash a nd hydrocarbon deposits has provided extensive \nknowledge of the geology of the region. Two e xploratory holes were drilled by the federal \ngovernment in 1974 at a location northeast of the present site; that location was abandoned in \n1975 as a possible repository site after U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration \n(ERDA) 6 borehole was drilled and unacceptabl e structure and pressurized brine were \nencountered. The results of these investigatio ns are reported in Powe rs et al. (1978, 2 – 6; \nincluded in CCA Appendix GCR). During la te 1975 and early 1976, th e ERDA identified the \ncurrent site, and an initial explor atory hole (ERDA-9) was drilled. By the time an initial phase of \nsite characterization was completed in August 1978, 47 holes had been or we re being drilled for \nvarious hydrologic and geologic purposes. Ge ophysical techniques were applied to augment \ndata collected from boreholes. Since 1978, th e DOE has drilled additional holes to support \nhydrologic studies, geologic studie s, and facility design. Geophys ical logs, cores, basic data \nreports, geochemical sampling and testing, and hydrological testi ng and analyses are reported by \nthe DOE and its scientific advisor, Sandia Nati onal Laboratories (SNL), in numerous public \ndocuments. Many of those documents form the basi s for the DOE’s positions in this application. \nAs necessary, specific references from these docu ments are cited to reinforce statements being \nmade. \nBiological studies of the site be gan in 1975 to gather information for the Environmental Impact \nStatement (DOE 1980). Meteorological studies began in 1976, and economic studies were \ninitiated in 1977. Baseline environmental data were initially reporte d in 1977 and are now \nupdated annually by the DOE. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-7 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nCCA-021-220 Mi 0\n01 0 2 0 K m10\nNFederal Highway\nState Highway\nOther Roads\nEddy County\nLea County\nWIPP Site\nEddy County\nLea County\n Map AreaNew Mexico\nLocation Map\nNew Mexico\nTexas\nNew Mexico\nTexasMalagaEuniceHobbs\nBrantley\nLake\nLake\nAvalonArtesia\nCarlsbad\nLoving128\n12862\n18036031\n62\n180\n2851806228582\n13218\n18\n8\n176529\nCarlsbad Caverns\nNational Park\n 1 \n2 Figure 2-1. WIPP Site Location in Southeastern New Mexico \nMarch 2004 2-8 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \nTable 2-1. Issues Related to the Natural Environment That Were Evaluated for the \nWIPP PA Scenario Screening \nFeatures, Events, and Processes (FEPs) EPA FEP No. Discussion \nNATURAL FEPs \n Stratigraphy \n Stratigraphy N1 Section 2.1.3 \n Brine reservoirs N2 Section 2.2.1.2.2 \n Tectonics \n Changes in regional stress N3 Section 2.1.5.1 \n Regional tectonics N4 Section 2.1.5.1 \n Regional uplift and subsidence N5 Section 2.1.5.1 \n Structural FEPs \n Deformation \n Salt deformation N6 Section 2.1.6.1 \n Diapirism N7 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Fracture development \n Formation of fractures N8 Section 2.1.5 \n Changes in fracture properties N9 Section 2.1.5 \n Fault movement \n Formation of new faults N10 Section 2.1.5 \n Fault movement N11 Section 2.1.5.3 \n Seismic activity \n Seismic activity N12 Section 2.6 \n Crustal processes \n Igneous activity \n2 \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-9 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nTable 2-1. Issues Related to the Natural Environment That Were Evaluated for the \nWIPP PA Scenario Screening — Continued \nFeatures, Events, and Processes (FEPs) EPA FEP No. Discussion \n Volcanic activity N13 Section 2.1.5.4 \n Magmatic activity N14 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Metamorphic activity \n Metamorphism N15 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Geochemical FEPs \n Dissolution \n Shallow dissolution N16 Section 2.1.6.2 \n Lateral dissolution N17 Section 2.1.6.2 \n Deep dissolution N18 Section 2.1.6.2 \n Solution chimneys N19 Section 2.1.6.2 \n Breccia pipes N20 Section 2.1.6.2 \n Collapse breccias N21 Section 2.1.6.2 \n Mineralization \n Fracture infills N22 Section 2.1.3.5.2 \n \nSUBSURFACE HYDROLOGICAL FEPs \n Groundwater characteristics \n Saturated groundwater flow N23 Section 2.2.1 \n Unsaturated groundwater flow N24 Section 2.2.1 \n Fracture flow N25 Section 2.2.1 \n Density effects on groundwater flow N26 Section 2.2.1 \n Effects of preferential pathways N27 Section 2.2.1 \n Changes in groundwater flow \n Thermal effects on groundwater flow N28 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Saline water intrusion N29 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Freshwater intrusion N30 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Hydrological effects of seismic activity N31 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Natural gas intrusion N32 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n \nSUBSURFACE GEOCHEMICAL FEPs \n Groundwater geochemistry \n Groundwater geochemistry N33 Section 2.2.1.4.1.2 \n Changes in groundwater geochemistry \n Saline water intrusion N34 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Freshwater intrusion N35 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Changes in groundwater Eh N36 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Changes in groundwater pH N37 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \nMarch 2004 2-10 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nTable 2-1. Issues Related to the Natural Environment That Were Evaluated for the \nWIPP PA Scenario Screening — Continued \nFeatures, Events, and Processes (FEPs) EPA FEP No. Discussion \n Effects of dissolution N38 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n \nGEOMORPHOLOGICAL FEPs \n Physiography \n Physiography N39 Section 2.1.4 \n Meteorite impact \n Impact of a large meteorite N40 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Denudation \n Weathering \n Mechanical weathering N41 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Chemical weathering N42 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Erosion \n Eolian erosion N43 Section 2.1.3.10 \n Fluvial erosion N44 Section 2.1.3.6 \n Mass wasting N45 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Sedimentation \n Eolian deposition N46 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n \n Fluvial deposition N47 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Lacustrine deposition N48 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Mass wasting (deposition) N49 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Soil development \n Soil development N50 Section 2.1.3.10 \n \nSURFACE HYDROLOGICAL FEPs \n Fluvial \n Stream and river flow N51 Section 2.2.2 \n Lacustrine \n Surface water bodi es N52 Section 2.2.2 \n Groundwater recharge and discharge \n Groundwater discharge N53 Section 2.2.1 \n Groundwater recharge N54 Section 2.2.1 \n Infiltration N55 Section 2.1.3 \nSection 2.2.1 \n Changes in surface hydrology \n Changes in groundwater recharge \nand discharge N56 Section 2.2.1 \n Lake formation N57 Section 2.2.2 \n River flooding N58 Section 2.2.2 \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-11 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nTable 2-1. Issues Related to the Natural Environment That Were Evaluated for the \nWIPP PA Scenario Screening — Continued \nFeatures, Events, and Processes (FEPs) EPA FEP No. Discussion \n \nCLIMATIC FEPs \n Climate \nN59 Section 2.5.2.3 Precipitation (for example, rainfall) \n Temperature N60 Section 2.5.2.2 \n Climate change \n Meteorological \n Climate change N61 Section 2.5 \n Glaciation \n Glaciation N62 Section 2.5.1 \n Permafrost N63 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n \nMARINE FEPs \n Seas \n Seas and oceans N64 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Estuaries N65 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Marine sedimentology \n Coastal erosion N66 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Marine sediment transport and deposition N67 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Sea level changes \n Sea level changes N68 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n \nECOLOGICAL FEPs \n Flora and fauna \n Plants N69 Section 2.4.1 \n Animals N70 Section 2.4.1 \n Microbes N71 Appendix PA, \nAttachment SCR \n Changes in flora and fauna \n Natural ecological development N72 Section 2.4.1 \n1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 8 *NOTE: Additional information for FEPs N1-N72 is located in Appendix PA, Attachment SCR. \nThe DOE located the WIPP disposal horizon within a rock salt deposit known as the Salado \nFormation at a depth of 650 m (2,150 ft) below the ground surface. The Salado is regionally extensive, includes continuous beds of salt without complicated structure, is deep with little potential for dissolution in the im mediate vicinity of the WIPP, a nd is near enough to the surface \nto make access reasonable. Particular site se lection criteria narrowed the choices when the \npresent site was located during 1975 and 1976, as is discussed in CCA Appendix GCR and \nsummarized by Weart (1983). \nMarch 2004 2-12 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n2.1 Geology 1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 24 25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 30 \n31 \n32 33 34 35 36 37 \n38 \n39 40 41 42 The DOE and its predecessor agencies determined at the outset of the geological disposal \nprogram that the geological characteristics of the disposal system are extremely important \nbecause the natural barriers provided by the ge ological units have a significant impact on the \nperformance of the disposal system. Among the DOE ’s site selection criteria was the intent to \nmaximize the beneficial impacts of the geology. This was accomplished when the DOE selected \n(1) a host formation that behave s plastically, thereby creeping closed to encapsulate buried \nwaste, (2) a location where the effects of dissolution are minimal and predictable, (3) an area \nwhere deformation of the rocks is low, (4) an ar ea where excavation is relatively easy, (5) an \narea where future resource development is pred ictable and minimal, a nd (6) a repository host \nrock that is relatively uncomplicated lithologica lly and structurally. Therefore, a thorough and \naccurate description of the WIPP facility’s natura l environmental setting is considered crucial by \nthe DOE for a demonstration of compliance w ith the disposal standards and is an EPA \ncertification criterion in 40 CF R § 191.14(a). The DOE is provi ding the detail necessary to \nassess the achievable degree of waste isola tion. In this chapter, the DOE addresses \nenvironmental factors and long-term environmenta l changes that are important for assessing the \nwaste isolation potential of the disposal system. The first of these environmental factors is \ngeology. \nGeological data have been coll ected from the WIPP site and surrounding area to evaluate the \nsite’s suitability as a radioactive waste repository. These data have been collected principally by \nthe DOE, the DOE’s predecessor agencies, the Un ited States Geological Survey (USGS), the \nNew Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Re sources (NMBMMR), and private organizations \nengaged in natural resource exploration and extr action. The DOE has analyzed the data and has \ndetermined that the data support the DOE’s positi on that the WIPP site is suitable for the long-\nterm isolation of radioactive waste. \nMany issues have been discussed, investigated, an d resolved in order for the DOE to conclude \nthat the site is suitable. The DOE discusses thes e issues in the following sections. Most of the \ndata collected have been repor ted or summarized in CCA Appe ndices GCR, SUM, HYDRO, and \nFAC. These appendices represent the majority of the site characterization results for the WIPP \nsite which ended in 1988. A number of more focused geological a nd hydrological studies \ncontinued after this date. These latter studies provided detailed information needed to construct \nthe conceptual models for disposal system perf ormance that are discusse d in Section 6.4. An \nexample of these studies is the H-19 multiwell tracer test that was completed in early 1996. \nResults of this test were incorporated into the di scussions in this chapter and into the conceptual \nmodels described in Section 6.4.6. Model parameters derived from the data are displayed in \nAppendix PA, Attachment PAR. A discussion of the data is included in CCA Appendix MASS; \nand Appendix PA, Attachment MASS. \nGeological field studies de signed to collect data pertinent to the WIPP PA continue. The Culebra \nDolomite Member and Magenta Dolomite Me mbers are the two carbona tes in the Rustler \nFormation, the youngest evaporite-bearing forma tion in the Delaware Basin. Geologic data \nrelated to the Culebra and Magent a remain of particular interest , as these members are the most \nsignificant transmissive units at the WIPP site. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-13 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 \n9 \n10 \n11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 \n21 \n22 \n23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 \n30 \n31 32 33 34 35 36 \n37 \n38 39 40 41 42 The EPA’s December 19, 1996 letter (A-93-02, Dock et II-I-01) made a request to the DOE for \nrecent studies that had provided detailed informa tion used in developing conceptual models for \ndisposal system performance. In a response le tter to EPA dated February 26, 1997 (Docket A-93-\n02, Item II-I-10), the DOE cited Holt (1997) for detailed information on the recent enhancement of the conceptual model for transport in the Cu lebra. Holt (1997) discusses interpretation and \nconceptual insights obtained from field and labora tory tracer tests and core studies that support \nthe double-porosity conceptual model of the Culebra, in which Culebra porosity is divided into advective and diffusive components. \nGeological data provide the basis for a different approach to estim ating the transmissivity field \nfor modeling fluid flow and transport in the Cu lebra (Beauheim 2002). Geological data correlate \nstrongly with Culebra transmissivity (Holt a nd Yarbrough 2002), and they are available from \nmany more locations, such as industry (oil, gas, po tash) drillholes, than ar e transmissivity data. \nWith this correlation, Culebra properties can be inferred over a wide area, leading to an \nimproved computational model of the spatial distribution of Cule bra transmissivity. Initial \nresults from this computational model of the spa tial distribution of Culebr a transmissivity have \nbeen incorporated in the PA; they are discussed in more detail in Section 2.2.1.4.1.2, and are \nincorporated in Appendix PA, Attachment TFIELD . Additional data in support of this modeling \nare being collected through field activities, incl uding drilling and tes ting of new wells, to \nimprove understanding of the Culebra and to asse ss the causes(s) of risi ng water levels (see \nSection 2.2.1.4.1.2). \n2.1.1 Data Sources \nThe geology of southeastern New Mexico has been of great interest for more than a century. The \nGuadalupe Mountains have become a common visiting and research point for geologists because of the spectacular exposures of Permian-age reef rocks and related facies (see Shumard 1858, \nCrandall 1929, Newell et al. 1953, and Dunham 1972 in the CCA bibliography). Because of \nintense interest in both hydrocarbon and potash re sources in the region, a large volume of data \nexists as background information for the WIPP si te, though some data are proprietary. Finally, \nthere is the geological informati on developed directly and indire ctly by studies sponsored by the \nDOE for the WIPP project; it ranges from raw data to interpretive reports. \nElements of the geology of southeastern New Me xico have been discussed or described in \nprofessional journals or techni cal documents from many different sources. These types of \narticles are an important source of informa tion, and where there is consistency among the \ntechnical community, the information in these articles is referenced when subject material is relevant. Implicit rules of prof essional conduct for research and re porting have been assumed, as \nhave journal and editorial review. Elements of the geology presented in such sources have been \ndeemed critical to the WIPP and have been the subject of specific DOE-sponsored WIPP studies. \nThe geological data that the DOE has develope d explicitly for the WIPP project have been \nproduced over a 25-year period by different organizations and contractors using applicable \nnational standards (Quality Assura nce Program history is described in Section 5.1.2). During a \nrulemaking in 1988 related to the underground injection of hazardous wastes, the EPA addressed the use of older geological data in making a long -term demonstration of re pository performance. \nIn response to comments on a proposed rule re garding the permitting of underground injection \nMarch 2004 2-14 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 \n18 \n19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 \n30 \n31 \n32 \n33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 wells, the EPA concluded that “[e] xcluding historical data or information which might have been \ngathered off-site by methods not consistent w ith certain prescribed procedures may be \ncounterproductive.” The EPA further stated that such data should be used as long as their \nlimitations are accounted for. In the final rule , the EPA stipulated “that only measurements \npertaining to the waste or that result from testing performed to gather data for the petition \ndemonstration comply with prescribed procedures.” Further, the EPA stated that “the concerns \nabout the accuracy of geologic data are addressed more appr opriately by requiring that the \ndemonstration identify and account for the limits on data quality rather than by excluding data \nfrom consideration” (EPA 1988). \nAs site characterization activ ities progressed, the DOE, along w ith independent review groups \nsuch as the National Academy of Sciences (NAS ), the Environmental Evaluation Group (EEG), \nand the state of New Mexico acting through th e Governor’s Radioactive Waste Consultation \nTask Force, identified natural FEPs that requ ired additional detailed investigation. Because \nthese investigations, in many cases, were to gather data that would either be used in developing \nconceptual models or in the pr ediction of disposal system perf ormance, the quality assurance \n(QA) standards applied to these investigations were more st ringent, thereby ensuring accuracy \nand repeatability to the extent pos sible for geologic investigations. \nGeological data from site characterization have been developed by the DOE through a variety of WIPP-sponsored studies using drilling, mapping or other di rect observation, geophysical \ntechniques, and laboratory work. Most of the techniques and statistics of data acquisition will be \nincorporated by specific discussi on. The processes used in deriving modeling parameters from \nfield and laboratory data are discussed in records packages which support the conceptual models in Section 6.4 and the parameters in Appendix PA, Attachment PAR. Pointers to these records \npackages are provided principall y in Appendix PA, Attachment PAR. Records packages are \nstored in the Sandia WIPP Records Center in Carlsbad. Access to review of these records \npackages can be obtained by contacting the person designated in Table 1-10. Borehole \ninvestigations are a major s ource of geological data for the WIPP and surrounding area. \nBorehole studies provide raw data (for exam ple, depth measurements, amount of core, \ngeophysical logs) that support point data and interpreted data sets. These data sets are used in \ndeveloping other analysis tools su ch as structure maps for sel ected stratigraphic horizons or \nisopachs (thicknesses) of sele cted stratigraphic intervals. \nThe borehole data set that was used specifica lly for obtaining WIPP geologic information is \nincluded as reference information in CCA Appe ndix BH. A map of some borehole locations in \nthe data set is provided in Figur e 2-2. Figure 2-3 shows Culebra monitoring wells within the site \nboundary as of December 2002, including well C-2737, which was drilled and completed in \n2001 (Powers 2002c). Figure 2-4 shows Culebra m onitoring wells outside the WIPP site as of \nDecember 2002; plugged and abandoned wells form erly monitored are not included in this \nfigure. Figure 2-5 shows the locations of wells configured to monitor the Magenta, including \nwell C-2737. Other hydrostratig raphic units are monitored in wells shown in Figure 2-6, \nincluding well C-2811, which was drilled and comple ted in 2001 to monitor a shallow saturated \nzone developed since the WIPP surface structures were constructed (Powers and Stensrud 2003). \nOther holes are not shown because they were not of sufficient depth, were not cored, or were not \ndrilled for purposes of site characterization. A more comprehensive drillhole database of the \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-15 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 \n16 \n17 \n18 \n19 \n20 \n21 \n22 \n23 24 \n25 26 27 28 29 30 \n31 \n32 \n33 34 entire Delaware Basin is addressed in Section 2.3.1.2 and is presented in Appendix DATA. This \ndatabase includes all drillholes used in eval uating human intrusion rates for the WIPP PA. \n2.1.2 Geologic History \nIn this section, the DOE summarizes the more im portant points of the ar ea’s geologic history \nwithin about 320 km (200 mi) of the WIPP site, with emphasis on more recent or nearby events. Figure 2-7 shows the major elements of the ar ea’s geological history from the end of the \nPrecambrian Period. \nThe geologic time scale that the DOE uses fo r WIPP is based on the compilation by Palmer \n(1983, pp. 503 – 504) for The Decade of North American Geology (DNAG). There are several \ncompiled sources of chronologic data related to di fferent reference sections or methods (see, for \nexample, Harland et al. 1989 and Salvador 1985. Although most of these sources show generally \nsimilar ages for chronostratigraphic boundaries , there is no consensu s on either reference \nboundaries or most-representative ages. The DNAG scale is accepted by the DOE as a standard \nthat is useful and sufficient for WIPP purposes , as no known critical performance assessment \nparameters require more accurate or precise dates. \nThe geologic history in this region can be conveniently subdivided into three general phases: \n• A Precambrian Period, represented by metamo rphic and igneous rocks ranging in age \nfrom about 1.5 to 1.1 billion years; \n• A period from about 1.1 to 0.6 billion years ago, from which no rocks are preserved. \nErosion may have been the dominant pro cess during much of this period; and \n• An interval from 0.6 billion years ago to the present represented by a more complex set \nof mainly sedimentary rocks and shor ter periods of erosion and dissolution. \nThis latter phase is the main subject of th e DOE’s detailed discussion in this text. \nOnly a few boreholes in the WIPP region have bored deep enough to penetrate Precambrian crystalline rocks, and, therefore, relatively little petrological info rmation is available. Foster \n(1974, Figure 3) extrapolated the elevation of th e Precambrian surface under the area of WIPP as \nbeing between 4.42 km (14,500 ft) and 4.57 km (15,000 ft) below sea level; the site surface at WIPP is about 1,036 m (3,400 ft) above sea level. Keesey (1976, Vol. II, Exhibit No. 2) projected a depth of about 5,545 m (18,200 ft) from the surface to the top of Precambrian rocks \nin the vicinity of the WIPP. The depth project ion is based on the geology of the nearby borehole \nin Section 15, T22S, R31E. \nPrecambrian rocks of several types crop out in the following locations: the Sacramento Mountains northwest of WIPP; around the Sierra Diablo and Baylor Moun tains near Van Horn, \nTexas; west of the Guadalupe Mountains at Pump Station Hills; and in th e Franklin Mountains \nMarch 2004 2-16 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-2. WIPP Site a nd Vicinity Borehole Location Map (partial) \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-17 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-3. Locations of Culebra Monitori ng Wells Inside the WIPP Site Boundary \n 3 \n4 \n5 Figure 2-4. Locations of Culebra Monitori ng Wells Located Outside the WIPP Site \nBoundary \nMarch 2004 2-18 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 \n7 \n8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 \n16 \n17 \n18 19 Figure 2-5. Locations of Magenta Monitoring Wells \nnear El Paso, Texas. East of the WIPP, a re latively large number of boreholes on the Central \nBasin Platform have penetrated the top of the Precambrian (Foster 1974, Figure 3). As \nsummarized by Foster (1974, 10), Precambrian rocks in the area considered similar to those in the vicinity of the site range in age from about 1.14 to 1.35 billion years. \nFor about 500 million years (1.1 to 0.6 billion year s ago), there is no certai n rock record in the \nregion around the WIPP. The most likely rock record for this period may be the Van Horn \nsandstone (McGowan and Groat 1971) , but there is no conclusive ev idence that it represents part \nof this time period (CCA Appendix GCR, Section 3.3.1). The region is generally thought to \nhave been subject to erosion for much of the period until the Bliss sandstone began to \naccumulate during the Cambrian. \nThere is additional geologic history inform ation contained in the EPA Technical Support \nDocument for Section 194.14: Content of Comp liance Certification A pplication, Section IV \n(Docket A-93-02, Item V-B-3). \n2.1.3 Stratigraphy and Lithology in th e Vicinity of the WIPP Site \nThe conceptual model of the disposal system uses information about the geometry of the various rock layers as a model input as described in Section 6.4.2.1. This means that stratigraphic \ninformation (thickness and lateral extent) provided in the following s ections are important inputs. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-19 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 \n11 \n12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Figure 2-6. Locations of Monitoring Wells Completed to Hydrostratigraphic Units Other \nThan the Culebra and Magenta Dolomi te Members (See also Figure 2-39). \nIn addition, less important features such as the lithology and the presence of geochemically \nsignificant minerals are provide d to support screening arguments in Appendix PA, Attachment \nSCR. Consequently, this discussion has focuse d on the general properties of the various rock \nunits as determined from field studies. Specific parameters used in the modeling described in Sections 6.4.5 and 6.4.6 are summarized in Appendix PA, Attachment PAR. Stratigraphy-related parameters are input as constants. Stratigraphic thic knesses of units considered in \nmodeling are compiled in Appendix PA , Attachment PAR, Table PAR-49. \nThis section describes the st ratigraphy and lithol ogy of the Paleozoic and younger rocks \nunderlying the WIPP site and vicini ty (Figure 2-8), emphasizing the units nearer the surface. \nAfter briefly describing pre-Pe rmian rocks, the section provi des detailed information on the \nPermian (Guadalupian) Bell Canyon Formation (h ereafter referred to as the Bell Canyon)—the \nupper unit of the Delaware Mountain Group—because this is the uppermost transmissive formation below the evaporites. The principal stratigraphic data are th e chronologic sequence, \nage, and extent of rock units, including some of the nearby relevant facies changes. For deeper \nrocks, characteristics such as thickness and depth are summarized from published sources, and \nfor shallower rocks, they are mainly based on data sets presented in CCA Appendix BH (above the Bell Canyon). The lithologies of upper fo rmations and some formation members are \ndescribed. A comprehensive disc ussion of stratigraphy in the WIPP area is presented in CCA \nAppendix GCR. Detailed referenc ing to original investigations by the USGS and others is \nincluded. \nMarch 2004 2-20 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nYEARS \n \nE\nR\nA \n \nPERIOD \n \nEPOCH DURATION BEFORE \nPRESENT \nMAJOR GEOLOGIC EVENTS - \nSOUTHEAST NEW MEXICO REGION \nHolocene 10,000 Quaternary \nPleistocene 1,590,000 \n1,600,000 Eolian and erosion/solution activ ity. Development of present \nlandscape. \n \nContinued deposition of Gatuña sediments. \nPliocene 3,700,000 \nMiocene 18,400,000 \nOligocene 12,900,000 \nEocene 21,200,000 \nC \nE \nN \nO \nZ \nO \nI \nC \n \n \nTertiary \nPaleocene 8,600,000 66,400,000 Deposition of Gatuña sediments. Formation of caliche caprock. \nRegional uplift and east-southeastw ard tilting; Basin-Range uplift of \nSacramento and Guadalupe-Delaware Mountains. \n \nErosion dominant. No Early to Mid-Tertiary rocks present. \n \nLaramide revolution. Uplift of Rocky Mountains. Mild tectonism and igneous activity to west and north. \nCretaceous 77,600,000 \n144,000,000 Submergence. Intermittent sha llow seas. Thin limestone and \nclastics deposited. \nJurassic 64,000,000 208,000,000 M \nE \nS \nO \nZ \nO \nI \nC \nTriassic \n37,000,000 \n245,000,000 Emergent conditions. Erosion, formation of rolling terrain. \n \nDeposition of fluvial clastics. \n \nErosion. Broad fl ood plain develops. \n \nPermian \n \n41,000,000 \n286,000,000 Deposition of evaporite sequence followed by continental redbeds. \n \nSedimentation continuous in Delaware, Midland, Val Verde basins \nand shelf areas. \nPennsylvanian 34,000,000 \n320,000,000 Massive deposition of clastics. Sh elf, margin, basin pattern of \ndeposition develops. \n \n \nMississippian \n \n40,000,000 \n \n 360,000,000 Regional tectonic activity accelerates, folding up Central Basin platform. Matador arch, ancestral Rockies. \n \nRegional erosion. Deep, broad basins to east and west of platform \ndevelop. \n \n \nDevonian \n \n48,000,000 \n408,000,000 Renewed submergence. \n \nShallow sea retreats from New Mexico; erosion. \n \nMild epeirogenic movements. Tobosa basin subsiding. Pedernal landmass and Texas Peninsula emergent until Middle Mississippian. \nSilurian 30,000,000 438,000,000 \n \nOrdovician \n67,000,000 \n505,000,000 Marathon-Quachita geosyncline, to south, begins subsiding. \n \nDeepening of Tobosa basin area; shelf deposition of clastics, derived partly from ancestral Central Basin platform and \ncarbonates. \nCambrian 65,000,000 570,000,000 Clastic sedimentation - Bliss sandstone. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nP \nA \nL \nE \nO \nZ \nO \nI \nC \n \nPRECAMBRIAN \n Erosion to a nearly level plain. \n \nMountain building, igneous activity, metamorphism, erosional \ncycles. \nFigure 2-7. Major Geologic Events - Southeast New Mexico Region 1 \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-21 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-8. Partial Site Geologic Column \nMarch 2004 2-22 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 \n17 \n18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 \n32 \n33 34 35 36 37 38 \n39 \n40 41 2.1.3.1 General Stratigraphy and Lithology below the Bell Canyon \nAs stated previously, the Precambrian basement near the site is proj ected to be about 5,545 m \n(18,200 ft) below the surface (Keesey 1976, Vol. II, E xhibit No. 2), consistent with information \npresented by Foster in 1974. Ages of similar rock suites in the region range from about 1.14 to \n1.35 billion years. \nA detailed discussion of the distribution of Pr ecambrian rocks in southeastern New Mexico and \nTexas can be found in CCA Appendix GCR. Figure 3.4-2 in CCA Appendix GCR provides a \nstructure contour map of the Precambrian. The basal Paleozoic units overlying Precambrian \nrocks are clastic rocks commonly attributed either to the Cambrian Bliss sandstone or the \nEllenberger Group (Foster 1974, p. 10), considered mo st likely to be Ordovician in age in this \narea. The Ordovician System comprises the Elle nberger, Simpson, and Montoya Groups in the \nnorthern Delaware Basin. Carbonates are pred ominant in these groups, with sandstones and \nshales common in the Simpson Group. Fost er (1974, Figure 4) reported 297 m (975 ft) of \nOrdovician-age rocks north of the site area and extrapolated a thicker section of about 396 m \n(1,300 ft) at the present site (F oster 1974, Figure 5). Keesey (1976, Vol. II, Exhibit No. 2) \nprojected a thickness of 366 m ( 1,200 ft) for the Ordovician System within the site boundaries. \nSilurian-Devonian rocks in the De laware Basin are not stratigra phically well defined, and there \nare various notions for extending nomenclature in to the basin. Common drilling practice is not \nto differentiate, though the Upper Devonian Wood ford shale at the top of the sequence is \nfrequently distinguished from the underlying dolom ite and limestone (Foster 1974, p. 18). Foster \n(1974, Figure 6) showed a reference thickne ss of 384 and 49 m (1,260 and 160 ft) for the \ncarbonates and the Woodford shale, respectively; he estimated th ickness of these units at the \npresent WIPP site to be about 351 m (1,150 ft) (Foster 1974, Figure 7) and 52 m (170 ft) (Foster \n1974, Figure 8), respectively. Keesey (1976, Vol. II, Exhibit No. 2) projected 381 m (1,250 ft) \nof carbonate and showed 25 m (82 ft) of the Woodford shale. \nThe Mississippian System in the northern De laware Basin is comm only attributed to \nMississippian limestone and the overlying Barnett shale (Foster 1974, p. 24), but the nomenclature is not consisten tly used. At the reference well used by Foster (1974, 25), the \nlimestone is 165 m (540 ft) thick and the shale is 24 m (80 ft); isopachs at the WIPP are 146 m \n(480 ft) (Foster 1974, Figure 10) and less than 61 m (200 ft). Kees ey (1976, Vol. II, Exhibit No. \n2) indicates 156 m (511 ft) a nd 50 m (164 ft), respectively, within the site boundaries. \nThe nomenclature of the Pennsylvanian System app lied within the Delaware Basin is both varied \nand commonly inconsistent with accepted stra tigraphic rules. Chronos tratigraphic, or time-\nstratigraphic, names are applied from base to to p of these lithologic unit s: the Morrow, Atoka, \nand Strawn (Foster 1974, p. 31). Foster (1974, Fi gure 13) extrapolated thicknesses of about 671 \nm (2,200 ft) for the Pennsylvanian at the WIPP s ite. Keesey (1976, Vol. II, Exhibit No. 2) \nreports 636 m (2,088 ft) for these units. The Pennsy lvanian rocks in this area are mixed clastics \nand carbonates, with carbonates more abundant in the upper half of the sequence. \nThe Permian is the thickest system in the northe rn Delaware Basin, and it is divided into four \nseries from the base to top: Wolfcampian, Leonardian, Guadalupian, and Ochoan. According to \nKeesey (1976, Vol. II, Exhibit No. 2), the three lower series total 2,647 m (8,684 ft) near the site. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-23 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 \n7 \n8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 \n18 \n19 20 21 22 \n23 \n24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Foster (1974, Figures 14, 16, and 18) indicates a total thickness for the lower three series of \n2,336 m (7,665 ft) for a reference well north of WIPP. Foster’s isopach maps of these series \n(Foster 1974, Figures 15, 17, and 19) indicate about 2,591 m (8,500 ft) for the WIPP site area. \nThe Ochoan Series at the top of the Permian is considered in more detail later because the \nformations host and surround the WIPP reposito ry horizon. Its thickness at DOE-2, about 3.2 \nkm (2 mi) north of the site cen ter, is 1,200 m (3,938 ft), according to Mercer et al. (1987, p. 23). \nThe Wolfcampian Series is also referred to as the Wolfcamp Formation (hereafter referred to as \nthe Wolfcamp) in the Delaware Basin. In the site area, the lower part of the Wolfcamp is dominantly shale with carbonate and some sa ndstone, according to Foster (1974, Figure 14); \ncarbonate increases to th e north (Foster 1974, p. 36). Clastics increase to the east toward the \nmargin of the Central Basin Platform. Kees ey (1976, Vol. II, Exhibit No. 2) reports the \nWolfcamp to be 455 m (1,493 ft) thick at a well near the WIPP site. \nThe Leonardian Series is represented by the B one Spring Limestone or Formation (hereafter \nreferred to as the Bone Spring). According to Foster (1974, pp. 35 - 36), the lower part of the \nformation is commonly interbedded carbonate, sandstone, and some shale, while the upper part is dominantly carbonate. Near th e site the Bone Spring is 990 m (3,247 ft) thick, according to \nKeesey (1976, Vol. II, Exhibit No. 2). \nThe Guadalupian Series is represented in the gene ral area of the site by a number of formations \nexhibiting complex facies relati onships (Figure 2-9). The Guad alupian Series is known in \nconsiderable detail west of th e site from outcrops in the Guadalupe Mountains, where numerous \noutcrops are present and subsur face studies have been undertak en. (See, for example, King \n1948, Newell et al. 1953, and Dunham 1972 in the CCA bibliography.) \nWithin the Delaware Basin, the Guadalupian Series, known as the Delaware Mountain Group, comprises three formations: Brushy Canyon, Ch erry Canyon, and Bell Canyon, from base to \ntop. These formations are dominated by subm arine channel sandstones with interbedded \nlimestone and some shale. The Lamar limest one generally tops th e series, immediately \nunderneath the Castile Formation (hereafter referred to as the Castile). Around the margin of the \nDelaware Basin, reefs developed when th e Cherry Canyon and Bell Canyon were being \ndeposited. These massive reef limestones, the Go at Seep and Capitan Limestones, are equivalent \nin time to the basin sandstone formations but were developed topographically much higher \naround the basin margin. A complex set of lim estone-to-sandstone and evaporite beds was \ndeposited further away from the basin, behind the reef limestones. The Capitan Reef and back-reef limestones are well known because numerous caves, including the Carlsbad Caverns, are \npartially developed in these rocks. \n35 \n36 \n37 2.1.3.2 The Bell Canyon \nAs will be discussed in Section 2.1.3.3, the Ca stile is a 427-to-487m (1,400-to-1,600ft) thick \nlayer of nearly impermeable anhydrites and halites that isolate the Salado from the \nMarch 2004 2-24 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-25 March 2004 \nFigure 2-9. Schematic Cross-Section from De laware Basin (southeast) through Margin\nReef Rocks to Back-Reef Facies (based on King 1948) al 1 \n2 \nFigure 2-9. Schematic Cross- Section from Delaware Basin (southeast) through Marginal Reef Rocks to Back-Reef Facies \n(based on Kin g 1948 ) Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 \n14 \n15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 deeper water-bearing rocks. This notwithstanding, the DOE is interested in the Bell Canyon \nbecause it is the first laterally continuous tr ansmissive unit below the WIPP repository. The \nsignificance of this unit is related to the FEP in Table 2-1 for deep dissolution. In evaluating this \nFEP, the DOE considers the potential for groundw ater to migrate from the Bell Canyon or lower \nunits into the repository and cause dissolution. The following discussion summarizes the basic \nunderstanding of the Bell Canyon lithology. Dissol ution is discussed in Section 2.1.6. Bell \nCanyon hydrology is presented in Section 2.2.1.2. A thorough discussion of dissolution is in \nCCA Appendix DEF. \nThe Bell Canyon is known from outcrops on the we st side of the Delaware Basin and from \nsubsurface intercepts for oil and gas drilling. Several informal lithol ogic units are commonly \nnamed during such drilling. Merc er et al. (1987, p. 28) stated that DOE-2 penetrated the Lamar \nlimestone, the Ramsey sand, the Ford shale, the Olds sand, and the Hays sand. This informal \nnomenclature is used for the Bell Canyon in some other WIPP reports. \nThe Clayton Williams Badger Federal borehole (Section 15, T22S, R31E) intercepted 961 feet \n(293 meters) of Bell Canyon, including the Lamar limestone, according to Keesey (1976, Vol. II, Exhibit No. 2). Reservoir sandstones of the Be ll Canyon were deposited in channels that are \nstraight to slightly sinuous. In their 1988 pa per, Harms and Williamson proposed that density \ncurrents flowed from shelf regions, cutt ing channels and depositing the sands. \nWithin the basin, the Bell Canyon (Lamar lim estone) Castile contact is distinctive on \ngeophysical logs because of the contrast in lo w natural gamma of the basal Castile anhydrite \ncompared to the underlying limestone. Density or acoustic logs are also distinctive because of \nthe massive and uniform lithology of the anhydrite compared to the underlying beds. In cores, the transition is sharp, as described by Mercer et al. (1987, 312) for DOE-2. A structure contour \nmap of the top of the Bell Canyon is shown in Figure 2-10. Also see CCA Appendix MASS, \nMASS Attachment 18-6, Figure 5.3-3. According to Powers et al. (1978) (CCA Appendix GCR, \n4–59), this structure does not refl ect the structure of deeper formations, suggesting different \ndeformation histories. The rootless character of at least some of the normal faulting in the lower \nPermian suggests these are shallow-seated features. \n29 \n30 \n31 32 \n33 \n34 35 36 37 38 2.1.3.3 The Castile \nThe Castile is the lowermost lithostratigraphic unit of the Late Permian Ochoan Series (Figure 2-11) and is part of the thick layer of evaporit es within the WIPP disposal system. It was \noriginally named by Richardson (1904, p. 43) for outcrops in Culberson County, Texas. \nThe Castile crops out along a lengthy area of the we stern side of the Delaware Basin. The two \ndistinctive lithologic sequences now known as the Ca stile and the Salado we re separated into the \nUpper and Lower Castile by Cartwright (1930). Lang (1939) clarified the nomenclature by restricting the Castile to the lower unit and naming the upper unit the Salado. By defining an \nanhydrite resting on the marginal Capitan limes tone as part of the Salado, Lang in 1939 \neffectively restricted the Castile to the Delaware Basin inside the reef rocks. \nMarch 2004 2-26 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n \nFigure 2-10. Structure Contour Map of Top of Bell Canyon \n1 \n2 Figure 2-10. Structure Contour Map of Top of Bell Canyon \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-27 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 Figure 2-11. Generalized Stratigraphic Cro ss Section above Bell Canyon Formation at \nWIPP Site \nMarch 2004 2-28 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 \n7 \n8 9 \n10 11 \n12 \n13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 \n22 \n23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 \n31 \n32 \n33 \n34 35 36 \n37 \n38 39 40 41 Through detailed studies of the Cast ile, Anderson et al. (1972) intr oduced an informal system of \nnames that is widely used and included in many WIPP reports. The units are named from the base as anhydrite I (A1), halite I (H1), anhydrite II (A2), etc. The informal nomenclature varies \nthrough the basin from A3 up because of complex ity of the depositional system. The Castile \nconsists almost entirely of thick beds of two lithologies: (1) inte rlaminated carbonate and \nanhydrite, and (2) high-purity halite. \nIn the eastern part of the Delaware basin, th e Castile thickness ranges from about 299 to 616 m \n(980 to 2,022 ft) (derived from Powers et al. 1996, Figure 5.3-1; see also Borns and Shaffer 1985, Figures 9, 11, and 16 for an earlier range ba sed on fewer drillholes). At DOE-2, the \nCastile is 301 m (989 ft) thick. Th e Castile is thinner in the west ern part of the Delaware Basin, \nand it lacks halite units. \nAnderson et al. (1978) and Ande rson (1978, Figures 1, 3, 4, and 5) correlated geophysical logs \nthroughout the WIPP region, interpreting thin zone s equivalent to halit e units as dissolution \nresidues. Anderson et al. (1972, p. 81) further attributed the lack of halite in the basin to its \nremoval by dissolution. A structure contour map of the top of the Castile is reported in Figure \n4.4-6, CCA Appendix GCR based on seismic data gath ered for site characte rization. In addition, \nBorns et al. (1983) prepared a seismic time structure of the middle Castile for identifying deformation. This map is shown in Figure DE F-2.2 in CCA Appendix DEF. Powers et al. \n(1996; Figures 5.2-1, 5.2-2, and 5.2-3) provide comparative figures of the elevations of the top of \nthe Bell Canyon, top of Anhydrite 2 (of the Castil e), and top of Anhydrite 3 (of the Castile), \nrespectively, based on geophysical lo g data from oil and gas wells. \nFor borehole DOE-2, a primary objective was to ascer tain whether a series of depressions in the \nSalado 3.3 km (2 mi) north of th e site center was from dissolution in the Castile and related \nprocesses, as proposed by Davies (1984, p. 175) in his doctoral thesis. Studies have suggested \nthat these depressions were not from dissolution but from haloki nesis in the Castile (see, for \nexample, Borns 1987). Robinson and Powers (1987, pp. 22 and 78) interpreted one deformed \nzone in the Castile in the western part of the De laware Basin as partly caused by synsedimentary, \ngravity-driven, clastic deposition and suggested that the extent of dissolution may have been \noverestimated by previous workers. No Castile dissolution is known to be present in the \nimmediate vicinity of the WIPP site. The proce ss of dissolution and the resulting features are \ndiscussed later in this chapte r. See CCA Appendix DEF, Section DEF.3 for a more in-depth \ndiscussion of the study of dissolution in the Castile. \nIn Culberson County, Texas, the Castile hosts major native sulfur deposits. The outcrops of \nCastile on the Gypsum Plain south of White’s City, New Mexico, have been explored for native sulfur without success, and there is no reporte d indication of native su lfur anywhere in the \nvicinity of the WIPP. \nIn part of the area around the WIPP, the Castile has been significantly deformed and there are \npressurized brines associated with the de formed areas; borehole ERDA-6 encountered both \ndeformation and pressurized brine. WIPP-12, 1.6 km (1 mi) north of the site center, revealed \nlesser Castile structure, but it also encountered a zone of pressurized brine within the Castile. \nCastile deformation is described and discusse d in Section 2.1.5 and in CCA Appendix DEF, \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-29 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 \n11 \n12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 \n25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 which detail structural features. Pressurized br ine is described in Sect ion 2.2.1, which details the \narea’s hydrology. \nWhere they exist, Castile brine reservoirs in the northern Delaware Basin are believed to be \nfractured systems, with high-an gle fractures spaced widely e nough that a borehole can penetrate \nthrough a volume of rock containing a brine re servoir without intersec ting any fractures and \ntherefore not produce brine. They occur in th e upper portion of the Ca stile (Popielak et al. \n1983). Appreciable volumes of brine have b een produced from several reservoirs in the \nDelaware Basin, but there is little direct information on the areal ex tent of the reservoirs or the \ninterconnection between them. The presence of a pressurized brine pocket is treated in the \nconceptual model of WIPP as discussed in Section 6.4.8. \nThe Castile continues to be an object of research interest unrel ated to the WIPP program as an \nexample of evaporites supposedly deposited in deep water. Anderson (1993, pp. 12-13) \ndiscusses alternatives and contradictory evidence . Becker et al. (2002) presented a data set \nyielding a total Pb/U isochron age of 251.5 ± 2.8 million years (Ma) for calcite from the Castile and inferred that the Permo-Tria ssic boundary could be younger than this date. This discussion \ncontrasts with other data regard ing age of the Salado, Rustler, and Dewey Lake Formations (see \nlater sections), including evidence that later form ations yield slightly older radiometric ages. \nAlthough these discussions and a resolution might eventually affect some concepts of Castile deposition and dissolution, this issue is largely of academic interest a nd bears no impact on the \nsuitability of the Los Medaños region for the WIPP site. Additional discussion of Castile deformation and the associated WIPP studi es appears in Secti on 2.1.6.1 and CCA Appendix \nDEF. The Castile is included in the conceptual model as described in Section 6.4.8. As shown \nin Appendix PA, Attachment PAR, Table PAR-43, no stratigraphic or lithologic parameters are \nof importance for this unit. Important hydrolog ical parameters are discussed subsequently. \nThe EPA questioned DOE’s geologic and geophysical basis for the probability (i.e., eight percent \nprobability) of intercepting pressurized brine in the Castile Formation beneath the WIPP disposal \npanels, and therefore required th is distribution to be revised (to a uniform distribution with a \nrange of 0.01 to 0.6) in Performance Assessmen t Verification Testing (PAVT) (Docket A-93-02, \nItem II-I-25). The formation of Castile brine pockets as a result of Castile deformation was \ndescribed in the CCA, and although DOE’s discussion of the distribut ion and nature of fractures \nin the Castile was limited, parameters were modified to include larger Castile brine pockets in \nthe PAVT. Further information on this topic is contained in EPA Tec hnical Support Document \nfor Section 194.14: Content of Compliance Certif ication Application, S ection IV.C (Docket A-\n93-02, Item V-B-3), EPA Technical Support Document for Section 194.23: Parameter Justification Report (Docket A-93-02, Item V- B-14), and EPA Technical Support Document for \nSection 194.23: Review of TDEM Analysis of WIPP Brine Pockets (Docket A-93-02, Item V-\nB-30). \n38 \n39 \n40 41 2.1.3.4 The Salado \nThe Salado is of interest because it contains the repository horizon and provides the primary \nnatural barrier for the long-term containment of radionuclides. The following section provides \nbasic information regarding the ge nesis and lithology of the Salado. Subsequent sections discuss \nMarch 2004 2-30 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 \n18 \n19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 \n32 \n33 34 35 \n36 \n37 \n38 39 40 41 Salado deformation, Salado dissolution, and Sa lado hydrology. CCA Appendix GCR provides \ndetailed information about the Salado fr om early site characterization studies. \nThe Salado is dominated by halite, in contrast to the underlying Castile. The Salado extends well \nbeyond the Delaware Basin, and Lowenstein (1988, p. 592) has termed the Salado a saline \n“giant.” \nWhile the Fletcher Anhydrite Member, which is deposited on the Capitan Reef rocks, is defined by Lang (1939; 1942) as the base of the Salado, some investigators consider that the Fletcher \nAnhydrite Member may interfinger w ith anhydrites normally considered part of the Castile. The \nCastile-Salado contact is not uniform across the basin, and whether it is conformable is \nunresolved. Around the WIPP site, th e Castile-Salado contact is comm only placed at the top of a \nthick anhydrite informally designa ted A3; the overlying halite is called the infra-Cowden salt and \nis included within the Salado. Bodine (1978, pp. 28 - 29) suggests that the clay mineralogy of \nthe infra-Cowden in ERDA-9 cores changes at about 4.6 m (15 ft) above the lowermost Salado \nand that the lowermost clays are more like Castile clays. At the WIPP site, the DOE recognizes \nthe top of the thick A3 anhydrit e as the local contact for differentiating the Salado from the \nCastile and notes that the distinction is related only to nomenclature and has no relevance to the \nperformance of the WIPP disposal system. \nThe Salado in the northern Delaware Basin is broa dly divided into three informal members. The \nmiddle member is known locally as the McNutt Pota sh Zone (hereafter referred to as McNutt) or \nMember, and it includes 11 defined potash zones, 10 of which are of ec onomic significance in \nthe Carlsbad Potash District. The lower memb er and the upper member remain unnamed. The \nWIPP repository level is located below the Mc Nutt in the lower member. Figure 2-12 shows \ndetails of the Salado stratigraphy near the excavat ed regions. Elements of this st ratigraphy are \nimportant to the conceptual model. The conceptu al model for the Salado is discussed in Section \n6.4.5. The thicknesses used in the model are gi ven in Appendix PA, Attachment PAR, Table \nPAR-49. \nWithin the Delaware Basin, a system is used for numbering the more significant sulfate beds within the Salado, designating these beds as ma rker beds (MBs) from MB 100 (near the top of \nthe formation) to MB 144 (near the base). The system is generally used within the Carlsbad Potash District as well as at and around the WI PP site. The repository is located between MB \n139 and MB 138. \nIn the central and eastern part of the Delaware Basin, the Salado is at its thickest, ranging up to \nabout 600 m (2,000 ft) thick and consisting mainly of interbeds of sulfate minerals and halite, \nwith halite dominating. The thi nnest portions of the Salado cons ist of a brecciated residue of \ninsoluble material a few tens-of- feet thick, which is exposed in parts of the western Delaware \nBasin. The common sulfate mi nerals are anhydrite (CaSO 4), gypsum (CaSO 4 • 2H 2O) near the \nsurface, and polyhalite (K 2SO 4 • MgSO 4 • 2CaSO 4 • 2H 2O). They form interbeds and are also \nfound along halite grain boundaries. Isopach maps of various intervals of the Salado above the \nrepository horizon have been provi ded to assist in understanding regional structure. These are \nFigures 4.3-4 to 4.3-7 in CCA Appe ndix GCR. A structure contour map of the Salado can be \nfound in CCA Appendix GCR (Figure 4.4-10). \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-31 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-12. Salado Stratigraphy in the Vicinity of the WIPP Disposal Zone \nMarch 2004 2-32 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nTable 2-2. Chemical Formulas, Distributions, and Relative Abundances of Minerals in the \nCastile, Salado, and Rustler Formations 1 \n2 \nMineral Formula Occurrence and Abundance \nAmesite (Mg 4Al2)(Si 2Al2)O10(OH) 8 S, R \nAnhydrite CaSO 4 CCC, SSS, RRR (rarely near surface) \nCalcite CaCO 3 S, RR \nCarnallite KMgCl 3C6H 2O SS \nChlorite (Mg,Al,Fe) 12(Si,Al) 8O20(OH) 16 S, R \nCorrensite mixed-layer chlorite and smectite S, R \nDolomite CaMg(CO 3)2 RR \nFeldspar (K,Na,Ca)(Si,Al) 4O8 C, S, R \nGlauberite Na2Ca(SO 4)2 C, S (never near surface) \nGypsum CaSO 4C2H 2O CCC (only near surface), S, RRR \nHalite NaCl CCC, SSS, RRR (rarely near surface) \nIllite K1-1.5Al4[Si7-6.5Al1-1.5O20](OH) 4 S, R \nKainite KMgClSO 4C3H 2O SS \nKieserite MgSO 4CH2O SS \nLangbeinite K2Mg 2(SO 4)3 S \nMagnesite MgCO 3 C, S, R \nPolyhalite K2Ca2Mg(SO 4)4C2H 2O SS, R (never near surface) \nPyrite FeS 2 C, S, R \nQuartz SiO 2 C, S, R \nSerpentine Mg 3Si2O5(OH) 4 S, R \nSmectite (Ca 1/2,Na) 0.7(Al,Mg,Fe) 4(Si,Al) 8O20 \n(OH) 4CnH 2O S, R \nSylvite KCl SS \nLegend: \nC = Castile \nS = Salado \nR = Rustler \n3 letters = abundant \n2 letters = common \n1 letter = rare or accessory \n3 4 5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 12 13 In the vicinity of the repo sitory, authigenic quartz (SiO 2) and magnesite (MgCO 3) are also \npresent as accessory minerals. Interbeds in th e salt are predominantly anhydrite with seams of \nclay. The clays within the Salado are enriched in magnesium and depleted in aluminum (Bodine \n1978, p. 1). The magnesium enrichment probably re flects the intimate contac t of the clays with \nbrines derived from evaporating sea water, which are relatively high in magnesium. \nPowers et al. (Chapter 7 of CC A Appendix GCR) studied the geochemistry of the rocks in the \nvicinity of the disposal system. A partial list of minerals found in the Delaware Basin evaporites, \ntogether with their chemical formulas, is given in Table 2-2. The table al so indicates the relative \nabundances of the minerals in the evaporite rock s of the Castile, Salado, a nd Rustler. Minerals \nfound either only at depth, removed from influence of weathering, or only near the surface, as \nweathering products, are also identified. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-33 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 18 19 20 \n21 \n22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 \n30 31 32 \n33 \n34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 \n42 \n43 Although the most common Delaware Basin evapor ite mineral is halite, the presence of less \nsoluble interbeds (dominantly a nhydrite, polyhalite, and claystone ) and more soluble admixtures \n(for example, sylvite, glauberite, kainite) has re sulted in chemical and physical properties of the \nbulk Salado that are significantly different from those of pure halite layers contained within it. \nIn particular, the McNutt, between MB 116 a nd MB 126, is locally explored and mined for \npotassium-bearing minerals of economic interest. Under differential stre ss, interbeds (anhydrite, \npolyhalite, magnesite, dolomite) may fracture while , under the same stress regime, pure halite \nwould undergo plastic deformation. Fracturing of re latively brittle beds, for example, has locally \nenhanced the permeability, allo wing otherwise nonporous rock to carry groundwater. Some \nsoluble minerals incorporated in the rock salt can be radiometrically dated, and their dates \nindicate the time of their formati on. The survival of such minerals is significant, in that such \ndating is impossible in pu re halite or anhydrite. \nLiquids were collected from flui d inclusions in the Salado halit e and from seeps and boreholes \nwithin the WIPP drifts. Analysis of these samples indicated that there is compositional \nvariability in the fluids that shows the eff ects of various phase transformations on brine \ncomposition. The fluid inclusions belong to a di fferent chemical population than do the fluids \nemanating from the walls. It was concluded that much of the brine is completely immobilized \nwithin the salt and that the free liquid emanating from the wa lls is present as a fluid film along \nintergranular boundaries, mainly in clays and in fractures in anhydrites. Additional information \ncan be found in CCA Appendix GCR, Sections 7.5 and 7.6. \nEarly investigators of the Salado recognized a repeti tious vertical succession or cycle of beds in \nthe Salado: clay - anhydrite - polyhalite - halite a nd minor polyhalite - halite. Later in vestigators \ndescribed the cyclical units as cl ay - magnesite - anhydrite or polyha lite or glauberite - halite - \nargillaceous halite capped by mudstone. Lowenstein (1988, pp. 592 - 608) defined a \ndepositional cycle (Type I) consisting of (1) ba sal mixed siliciclastic and carbonate (magnesite) \nmudstone, (2) laminated to massive anhydrite or polyhalite, (3) hal ite, and (4) halite with mud. \nLowenstein also recognized repetitious sequences of halite and halite with mud as incomplete \nType I cycles and termed them Type II cycles . Lowenstein (1988, pp. 592 - 608) interpreted the \nType I cycles as having formed in a shallo wing upward, desiccating basin beginning with a \nperennial lake or lagoon of marine origin and evaporating to salin e lagoon and salt pan \nenvironments. Type II cycles are differentia ted because they do not exhibit features of \nprolonged subaqueous deposition and also have more siliciclastic influx than do Type I cycles. \nFrom detailed mapping of the Salado in the air intake shaft (AIS) at WIPP, Holt and Powers \n(1990a, pp. 2-26) interpreted depositi onal cycles of the Salado in terms of modern features such \nas those at Devil’s Golf Course at Death Valley National Monume nt, California. The \nevaporative basin was desiccated, and varying amounts of insoluble residues had collected on the \nsurface through surficial dissolution, eolian sedimentation, and some clastic sedimentation from \ntemporary flooding caused from surrounding areas. The surface developed loca l relief that could \nbe mapped in some cycles, while the action of continuing desiccation a nd exposure increasingly \nconcentrated insoluble residues. Flooding, mo st commonly from marine sources, reset the \nsedimentary cycle by depositing a sulfate bed. \nThe details available from the shaft demonstrat ed the important role of syndepositional water \nlevel to water table changes that created solution p its and pipes within the halitic beds while they \nMarch 2004 2-34 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 \n20 \n21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 30 31 32 33 34 were at the surface. Holt and Powers (1990a, A ppendix F) concluded that passive halite cements \nfilled the pits and pipes, as well as less dramatic voids, as the water table rose. Early diagenetic \nto synsedimentary cements filled the porosity ear ly and rather completely with commonly clear \nand coarsely crystalline halite, reducing the poro sity to a very small volume according to Casas \nand Lowenstein (1989). \nAlthough Holt and Powers (1990a) found no evidence fo r postdepositional hal ite dissolution in \nthe AIS, dissolution of the upper Salado halite has occurred west of the WIPP. Effects of \ndissolution are visible in Nash Draw and at other localities where gypsum karst has formed, \nwhere units above the Salado such as the Ru stler Formation, Dewey Lake Redbeds, and post-\nPermian rocks have subsided. Dissolution st udies are summarized in CCA Appendix DEF, \nSection DEF.3. The dissolution margin of upper Salado halite (see Figure 2-13), based on changes in thickness of the interval from the Culebra dolomite to the Vaca Triste Sandstone \nMember of the Salado, has been interpreted in detail by Powers (2002a, 2002b, 2003a), Holt and \nPowers (2002), and Powers et al. (2003). Powers (2002a, 2002b, 2003a) examined data from \nadditional drillholes and noted that the upper Salado dissolution margin appears relatively \nnarrow in many areas, and it di rectly underlies much of Livingston Ridge. The hydraulic \nproperties of the Culebra correlate in part with dissolution of halite from the upper Salado (Holt \nand Yarbrough 2002; Powers et al. 2003), and the relationships are further described in Section \n2.2.1.4.1.2. \nWithin Nash Draw, Robinson and Lang (1938, pp. 87- 88) recognized a zone equivalent to the \nupper Salado but lacking halite. Test wells in southern Nash Draw produced brine from this \ninterval, and it has become known as the brine aquifer. Robinson and Lang (1938) considered \nthis zone a residuum from dissolution of Salado halite (see Section 2.1.6.2). Jones et al. (1960) \nremarked that the residuum should be considered part of the Salado, though in geophysical logs \nit may resemble the lower Rustler. The appr oximate eastern limit of the residuum and brine \naquifer lies near Livingston Ri dge (the eastward margin of Nash Draw) and is marked by a \nthickening of the Salado (see Section 2.1.6.2.2). \nAt the center of the si te, Holt and Powers (1984, pp. 4-9) rec ognized clasts of fossil fragments \nand mapped channeling in siltstones and mudstones above the halite; they considered these beds \nto be a normal part of the transition from the shallow evaporative lagoon s and desiccated salt \npans of the Salado to the sali ne lagoon of the lower Rustler. Although some Salado halite \ndissolution at the WIPP may have occurred before de position of the Rustler clastics, this process \nwas quite different from the subsurface removal of salt from the Salado in more recent time that \ncaused the residuum and associated brine aquifer in Nash Draw. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-35 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-13. Dissolution Margin for the Upper Salado \nMarch 2004 2-36 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 \n30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Geochronological investigations provide a mean s to confirm the physical evidence indicating \nthat little or no rock-wat er interactions have occurred in th e Salado at the WIPP since the Late \nPermian Period. Radiometric techniques provide a means of determining the approximate time \nof the latest episode of regional recrystallizatio n of evaporite minerals, which can be inferred as \nthe approximate time of the latest episode of freely circulating groundwat er. Radiometric dates \nfor minerals of the Salado are available from mines and boreholes in the vicinity of the WIPP \n(Register and Brookins, 1980, pp. 30-42; Brooki ns, 1980, pp. 29-31; Brookins, et al. 1980, pp. \n635-637; Brookins, 1981; and Brookins and Lamb ert, 1987, pp. 771-780). The distribution of \ndates shows that many of the rubidium-strontiu m (Rb-Sr) isochron determinations on evaporite \nminerals, largely sylvite (214 ± 14 million year s ago), are in good agreement with potassium-\nargon (K-Ar) determinations on pure polyhalites (198 to 216 million years ago). (Potassium-\nargon ages for sylvite are significantly younger than Rb-Sr ages for the same rocks because of the loss of radiogenic argon. Radiogenic strontium, as a solid, is less mobile than argon and \ntherefore the Rb-Sr isochron method is preferre d for sylvite.) Renne et al. (1998) sampled \nlangbeinite crystals from the Sa lado and obtained Ar-39/Ar-40 plateau ages of 251 ± 0.2 Ma and \n251 ± 0.4 Ma. Clay minerals have both Rb-Sr and K-Ar ages signifi cantly older (390 ± 77 \nmillion years [Register, 1981]) than the evaporit e minerals, presumably reflecting the detrital \norigin of the clays. \nOne significantly younger recrysta llization event has been identif ied in evaporites in the WIPP \nregion and is a contact phenomenon associated w ith the emplacement of an Oligocene igneous \ndike (see Section 2.1.5.4). Polyhalite near the di ke yields a radiometric age of 21 million years, \ncompared to the 32- to 34-million-year age de termined for the dike (Brookins, 1980, pp. 29-31; \nand Calzia and Hiss, 1978, p. 44) (this number was recalculated to 34.8 ± 0.8 million years; CCA \nAppendix GCR, pp. 3 - 80). This exception notwithstanding, the results of radiometric determinations argue for the absen ce of pervasive recrystallization of the evaporites in the Salado \nin the last 200 million years. This conclu sion is supported by the number of replicate \ndeterminations, the wide distribution of similarl y dated minerals throughout the Delaware Basin, \nand the concordance of dates obtain ed by various radiometric methods. \nThe notion of extensive recrystal lization of Salado evaporites has been raised again since the \nCCA was submitted. Hazen and Roedder (2001), reiterating some arguments presented by \nRoedder (1984) and O’Neill et al. (1986), s uggested that halite has been extensively \nrecrystallized by water m oving through the Salado at unknown times . Stable isotope data from \nfluid inclusions within coarse, cl ear halite crystals were interpreted as signifying that modern \nmeteoric water constituted part of the fluid inclusion. O’Neill et al. (1986) noted as well that the stable isotope data are consistent with meteoric water falling on a desiccated Salado salt pan \nsurface. Powers and Hassinger (1985) and Holt and Powers (1990a, 1990b) interpret syndepositional dissolution pipes as a common feature of the Sala do, with coarse, clear halite \nwith large fluid inclusions formed on a desiccated salt pan. Powers et al. (2001) summarized the \narguments against extensive re crystallization of Salado halite. Stein and Krumhansl (1988) \nfound variable compositions of large fluid inclusi ons, and show that inclusion chemistry differs \nsignificantly from intercrystalline brines, indica ting that fluid movement is very limited. \nSatterfield et al. (2002) also conc luded that the coarse halite ceme nts found in certain beds of the \nSalado are synsedimentary, based on ionic concen trations in fluid inclusions. Moreover, \nBeauheim and Roberts (2002) find extremely low permeability in Salado halite, showing that fluid movement, especially vertically, through th e Salado is too limited and slow to create the \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-37 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 \n4 \n5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 12 13 \n14 \n15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 purported recrystallization. These findings are also consistent w ith indications that salt pan \ndeposits are cemented quickly and thoroughly at shallow depths of burial (Casas and Lowenstein \n1989). The conclusion that Salado halite has not been pervasively recrystallized remains sound. \nThe Salado is of primary importance to the contai nment of waste. Because it is the principal \nnatural barrier, many of the properties of the Salado have been characterized by the DOE, and \nnumerical codes are used by the DOE to simulate the natural processes within the Salado that \naffect the disposal system performance. \nTwo conceptual models of the Salado are used in the performance assess ment. One models the \ncreep closure properties of the Salado and the other, the hydrological properties. The creep \nclosure of the Salado is discusse d in Appendix PA, Attachment PO RSURF. This model uses key \nparameters derived from both in-situ measurem ents and laboratory testing on Salado core \nsamples. Summaries of these parameters are in Butcher (1997 ). Appendix PORSURF \nAttachment 1, Table 2. \nThe second conceptual model is titled the Salado conceptual model and is discussed in Section \n6.4.5. This model divides the Salado into two lithologic units: impure halite and Salado interbeds. The impure halite in this con ceptual model is characterized entirely by its \nhydrological parameters as shown in Table 6- 16. The interbeds are characterized by both \nhydrological parameters in Table 6-17 and fract ure properties in Tabl e 6-19. This latter \ninformation is needed since the model in Sectio n 6.4.5.2 incorporates the po ssibility of interbed \nfracturing should pressures in the repository become high enough. The modeling assumptions \nsurrounding the fracturing model are discussed in Appendix PA , Attachment MASS, Section \nMASS-13. \n23 \n24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 2.1.3.5 The Rustler \nThe Rustler is the youngest evaporite-bearing forma tion in the Delaware Basin. It was originally \nnamed by Richardson in 1904 for outcrops in the Rustler Hills of Culberson County, Texas. \nAdams (1944, p. 1614) first used the names Culebr a Member and Magenta Member to describe \nthe two carbonates in the form ation, indicating that Lang favor ed the names, although Lang did \nnot use these names to subdivide the Rus tler in his 1942 publication. Vine (1963, p. B1) \nextensively described the Rustle r in Nash Draw and proposed the four formal names and one \ninformal term that were used for the stratigraphic subdivisions of the Rustler. These are as \nfollows (from the base): unnamed lower me mber, Culebra Dolomite Member, Tamarisk \nMember, Magenta Dolomite Member, and Forty-niner Member (Figure 2-14). Powers and Holt (1999) formalized the nomenclature for the lowe r Rustler, naming the Los Medaños Member for \nthe exposures of the former “unnamed lower member ” in the WIPP shafts and in boreholes in the \nvicinity of Los Medaños near the WIPP site. Four studies of the Rustler since Vine’s 1963 work \ncontribute important information about th e stratigraphy, sedimentology, and regional \nrelationships while examining more local detail s as well. Eager (1983) published a report on \nrelationships of the Rustler observed in the southern Delaware Basin as part of sulfur exploration in the area. Holt and Powers (1988, Section 5.0), reproduced \nMarch 2004 2-38 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nFormal Stratigraphy\nAfter\nLang (1935) and\nPowers and Holt (1999)Informal Stratigraphy\nof\nHolt and Powers (1988)\nForty-niner\nMember\nMagenta Dolomite\nMember\nTamarisk\nMember\nCulebra Dolomite\nMemberAnhydrite 4 (A4)Anhydrite 5 (A5)\nAnhydrite 3 (A3)\nAnhydrite 2 (A2)\nAnhydrite 1 (A1)Mudstone-Halite 4 (M4/H4)\nMudstone-Halite 3 (M3/H3)\nMudstone-Halite 1 (M1/H1)Mudstone-Halite 2 (M2/H2)\nBioturbated Clastic\nIntervalCulebra DolomiteMagenta Dolomite\nLos Medanos\nMember~\n 1 \n2 Figure 2-14. Rustler Stratigraphy \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-39 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 \n5 \n6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 \n18 \n19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 as CCA Appendix FAC, reported the details of sedimentologic and stratigraphic studies of \nWIPP shafts and cores as well as of geophysical logs from about 600 boreholes in southeastern \nNew Mexico. Their work resulted in the more deta iled subdivisions of the Rustler indicated in \nthe right-hand column of Figure 2-14. \nThe Rustler is regionally extensive; a similar unit in the Texas panhandle is also called the \nRustler. Within the area around WIPP, evaporite units of the Rustler are interbedded with \nsignificant siliciclastic beds and the carbonates. Both the Magenta and the Culebra extend \nregionally beyond areas of direct in terest to the WIPP. In the ge neral area of the WIPP, both the \nTamarisk and the Forty-niner have similar lith ologies: lower and upper sulfate beds and a \nmiddle unit that varies principally from mudstone to halite from west to east (Figure 2-14). In a \ngeneral sense, halite in the Los Medaños broadly pe rsists to the west of the WIPP site, and halite \nis found east of the center of the WIPP in the Tamarisk and the Forty-niner (Figure 2-15). \nTwo different explanations have been proposed ove r the history of the project to account for the \nobserved distribution of halite in the non-dolomite members of the Rustler. The earliest \nresearchers (e.g., Bachman [1985] and Snyder [1985]) assumed that halite had originally been \npresent in all the non-sulfate intervals of the Forty-niner, Tamarisk, and Los Medaños Members, \nand that its present-day absence re flected post-depositional dissolution. \nAn alternative interpretation was presente d by Holt and Powers (1988) following detailed \nmapping of the Rustler exposed in the WIPP ventila tion (now waste) and exhaust shafts in 1984. \nFossils, sedimentological features, and bedding rela tionships were identified in units that had \npreviously been interpreted from boreholes as dissolution residues. Cores from existing \nboreholes, outcrops, geophysical logs, and petrogra phic data were also reexamined to establish \nfacies variability across the area. \nAs a result of these studies, the Rustler was interpreted to have formed in variable depositional environments, including lagoon and saline playas , with two major episodes of marine flooding \nwhich produced the carbonate units. Sedimentar y structures were interpreted to indicate \nsynsedimentary dissolution of halite from ha litic mudstones around a saline playa and fluvial \ntransport of more distal clastic sediments. The halite in the Ru stler, by this interpretation, has a \npresent-day distribution similar to that at the time the unit was deposited. Some localized \ndissolution of halite may have occurred along the de positional margins, but not over large areas. \nHence, the absence of halite in Rustler member s at the WIPP site more generally reflects non-\ndeposition than dissolution. \nMarch 2004 2-40 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nExplanation\nM#, H# indicate mudstone and halitic facies on each side of\nestimated halite margin (numbered line on map) for stratigraphic\nintervals as indicated in the column to the right (key on Figure 2-14).\nUTM coordinates (m) for Zone 13 (NAD27) are provided for easting\nand northing.\nTwo zones within the WIPP site boundary (\"H3 once present?\")\nindicate where halite may have been present west of the currentboundary of H3 (marked by ).\nM1M2\nH1H2M3 H3M4 H4\nMagenta\nCulebra\n 1 \n2 Figure 2-15. Halite Margins fo r the Rustler Formation Members \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-41 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 \n34 \n35 36 37 38 This hypothesis was tested and refined by subse quent investigations (e.g., Powers and Holt 1990, \n1999, 2000; Holt and Powers 1990a) and is now c onsidered the accepted explanation for the \npresent-day distribution of halite in the Rustle r. Powers and Holt (1999) thoroughly described \nthe sedimentary structures and stratigraphy of the Los Medaños as part of the procedure for \nnaming the unit. This shows the basis for interpreting the depositional history of the member and for rejecting significant post-burial dissolution of halite in that unit. Powers and Holt (2000) \nfurther describe the lateral faci es relationships in other Rustle r units, especially the Tamarisk, \ndeveloped on sedimentologic grounds, and rejected the concept of broad, lateral dissolution of \nhalite from the Rustler across the WIPP site area. \nAs discussed in Section 2.2.1.4, regional Culebra transmissivity shows about six orders of \nmagnitude variation across the area around the site and about three orders of magnitude across \nthe site itself. Although some investigators have called attention to the broad relationship between the distribution of halite in the Rustler a nd variations in Culebra transmissivity and have \nattributed the variation to fracturing resulting from postdepositional dissolution of Rustler halite (see, for example, Snyder 1985, p. 10; and CCA Appendix DEF, Section DEF-3.2), CCA \nAppendix FAC and Powers and Holt 1990, 1999, 2000) largely rule out this explanation. \nVariations in transmissivity of the Culebra we re correlated qualitatively to the thickness of \noverburden above the Culebra (see discussion in Section 2.1.5.2), the amount of dissolution of \nthe upper Salado, and the distribution of gypsum f illings in fractures in the Culebra (Beauheim \nand Holt 1990). Subsequently, Holt and Yarbrou gh (2002) and Powers et al. (2003) related the \nvariation in Culebra transmissiv ity more quantitatively to over burden thickness and dissolution \nof upper Salado halite. The DOE believes that variat ions in Culebra transm issivity are primarily \ncaused by the relative abundance of open fractures in the unit, which may be related to each of \nthese factors. As discussed in Section 6.4.6.2 and Appendix PA, Attachment TFIELD, uncertainty in spatial variability in the transmissi vity of the Culebra has been incorporated in the \nPA. \nIn the region around the WIPP, the Rustler re aches a maximum thickness of more than 152 m \n(500 ft) (Figure 2-16), while it is about 91 to 107 m (300 to 350 ft) thick within most of the \nWIPP site. Much of the difference in Rustler th ickness can be attributed to variations in the \namount of halite contained in the formation. Variation in Tamarisk thickness accounts for a larger part of thickness changes than do variations in either the Los Medaños or the Forty-niner. \nDetails of the Rustler thickness can be found in CCA Appendix GCR, 4-39 to 4-42 and Figure \n4.3-8. See also CCA Appendix FAC. \nMuch project-specific information about the Rus tler is contained in CCA Appendix FAC. The \nWIPP shafts were a crucial element in Holt and Powers’ 1988 study, exposing features not \npreviously reported. Cores were available from several WIPP boreholes, and their lithologies \nwere matched to geophysical log signatures to extend the interp retation throughout a larger area \nin southeastern New Mexico. These data ar e included in CCA Appendix FAC, Appendix II. \nMarch 2004 2-42 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-16. Isopach Map of the Entire Rustler \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-43 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 \n14 \n15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 \n23 24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 \n31 \n32 33 34 \n35 \n36 37 38 39 40 41 2.1.3.5.1 Los Medaños Member \nThe unit formerly referred to as the unnamed lower member has been named the Los Medaños \nMember. The Los Medaños rests on the Salado with apparent conformity at the WIPP site. It \nconsists of significant proportions of bedded and burrowed silicicl astic sedimentary rocks with \ncross-bedding and fossil remains. These beds record the transition from strongly evaporative environments of the Salado to saline lagoonal environments. The upper part of the Los \nMedaños includes halitic and sulfatic beds w ithin clastics. CCA Appendix FAC, pp. 6-8 and \nPowers and Holt (1999) interpret these as faci es changes within a saline playa or lagoon \nenvironment, not dissolution residues from postdepositional dissolution. \nAccording to CCA Appendix FAC, Figure 4-4, th e Los Medaños ranges in thickness from about \n29 to 38 m (96 to 126 ft) within the site bounda ries. The maximum thickness recorded during \nthat study was 63 m (208 ft) southeast of the WIPP site. An isopach of the Los Medaños is shown as Figure 4-7 in CCA Appendix FAC. \nHalite is present in the M1/H1 unit of the Los Medaños west of most of the site area (see Figure \n2-15 for an illustration of th e halite margins). The dri lling initiated during CRA-2004 \npreparation to investigate Culebra transmissi vity variations based on overburden and Salado \ndissolution will develop additional detailed inform ation about distribution of halite in the Los \nMedaños. Cross-sections based on geophysical l og interpretations by Holt and Powers (CCA \nAppendix FAC) and Powers and Holt (2000) show th at the unit is thicker to the east where the \nhalite is more abundant. The Los Medaños is incorporated into the conceptual model as described in Section 6.4.6.1. Model parameters are in Appendix PA, Attachment PAR, Table \nPAR- 27. \n2.1.3.5.2 The Culebra Dolomite Member \nThe Culebra rests with apparent conform ity on the Los Medaños, though the underlying unit \nranges from claystone to its lateral halitic equivalent in the site area. West of the WIPP site, in \nNash Draw, the Culebra is disrupted from di ssolution of underlying halite. Holt and Powers \n(CCA Appendix FAC, Section 8.9.3) principally attribute this to dissolution of Salado halite, \nnoting the presence of sedimentol ogic features in the lower Rus tler (see also Powers and Holt \n1999). Culebra hydrology and its significance to di sposal system performance are discussed in \ndetail in Section 2.2.1.4.1.2. \nThe Culebra was described by Robinson and Lang (1938, p. 83) as a dolomite 11 m (35 ft) in thickness. The Culebra is generally brown, finely crystalline, locally argillaceous and arenaceous dolomite with rare to abundant vugs with variable gypsum and anhydrite filling; \nAdams (1944, p. 1614) noted that oölites are present in some outcrops as well. Holt and Powers \n(CCA Appendix FAC, pp. 5 - 11) describe the Culebr a features in detail, no ting that most of the \nCulebra is microlaminated to thinly laminated, wh ile some zones display no depositional fabric. \nHolt and Powers (1984) described an upper interval of the Culebr a consisting of medium brown, \nmicrolaminated carbonate that thickens up to 0.6 m (2 ft) in the vicinity of dome structures and is \nof probable algal origin. This is underlain by a 0.64-to 2.54-cm (0.25-to-1-in) thick bed of \ncohesive black claystone. Because of the unique organic composition of this thin layer, Holt and \nPowers (1988) did not include it in the Culebra for thickness computations, and this will be \nMarch 2004 2-44 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 \n17 \n18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 \n32 \n33 34 35 36 \n37 \n38 factored into discussions of Culebra thickness. Based on core descriptions from the WIPP \nproject, Holt and Powers (CCA Appendix FAC) conc luded that there is very little variation of \ndepositional sedimentary feat ures throughout the Culebra. \nVugs are an important part of Culebra porosity. They are commonly zoned parallel to bedding. \nIn outcrop, vugs are commonly empty. In the s ubsurface, vugs range from open to partially \nfilled or filled with anhydrite, gypsum, or clay (Holt and Powers 1990a, pp. 3-18 to 3-20). Lowenstein (1987, pp. 19 - 20) noted similar featur es. Holt and Powers (CCA Appendix FAC) \nattributed vugs partly to syndepos itional growth as nodules and partly as later replacive textures. \nLowenstein (1987, pp. 29 - 31) also described textures related to later replacement and alteration \nof sulfates. Vug or pore fillings vary across the WIPP site and contribute to the porosity \nstructure of the Culebra. As pointed out by Holt and Powers (see CCA Appendix FAC, Section \n8.8), natural fractures filled with gypsum are common east of the WIPP site center and in a \nsmaller area west of the site center (Figure 2-17). Section 2.1.5.2 disc usses Culebra fracture \nmechanisms. Additional discussion of Culebra fr actures and their role in groundwater flow and \ntransport is in Section 2.2.1.4.1.1, Appendix PA , Attachment MASS, Sections MASS.14.4 and \nMASS.15. \nHolt (1997) reexamined geological and hydrologi cal data for the Culebra and developed a \nconceptual model for transport processes. In this document, Holt (1997) recognized several \nporosity types for the Culebra, and separated four Culebra units (CU) informally designated CU-\n1 through CU-4 from top to bottom. CU-1 differs from underlying units because it has been disrupted very little by syndepositional processes. Microvugs and interbeds provide most of the \nporosity, and the permeability of CU-1 is relatively limited. CU-2 and CU-3 likely contribute \nmost of the flow in the Culebra, and the si gnificant difference is that CU-2 includes more \npersistent silty dolomite interbeds. CU-2 and CU-3 include “small-scale bedding-plane fractures, networks of randomly oriented small-scale fractures and microfractures, discontinuous silty dolomite interbeds, large vugs hydraulically connected with microfractures and small-scale \nfractures, microvugs hydraulically connected with microfractures and in tercrystalline porosity, \nblebs of silty dolomite interconnected with microfractures and intercrystalline porosity, and intercrystalline porosity” (Ho lt 1997, p. 2-19). Bedding-plane fract ures dominate CU-4 at the \nbase of the Culebra, and the unit shows some brit tle deformation. CU-4 has not been isolated for \nhydraulic testing. \nHolt (1997, p. I) also related porosity and solute transport, conceptua lizing the medium “as \nconsisting of advective porosity, where solutes are carri ed by the groundwater flow, and fracture-\nbounded zones of diffusive porosity, where solutes move through slow advection or diffusion.” \nHolt (1997) noted that length or time scales will govern how each porosity type will contribute to \nsolute transport. \nSewards et al. (1991, pp. IX-1) repo rt that the Culebra is primar ily dolomite with some quartz \nand clay. Clay minerals include corrensite, illite, serpentine, and chlorite. Clay occurs in bulk \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-45 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-17. Percentage of Natural Fractu res in the Culebra Filled with Gypsum \nMarch 2004 2-46 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 \n12 \n13 14 15 \n16 \n17 18 \n19 rock and on fracture surfaces. Even though these cl ays occur, the conceptual model discussed in \nSection 6.4.6.2.1 takes no credit for their presence. \nIn the WIPP area, the Culebra varies in thickness. Depending on the ar ea considered and the \nhorizons chosen for the upper and lower boundaries of the Culebra, different data sources \nprovide varying estimates (Table 2-3). Ho lt and Powers (CCA Appendix FAC, p. 4-4) \nconsidered the organic-rich layer at the Culebra- Tamarisk contact separately from the Culebra in \ninterpreting geophysical logs. \nComparing data sets, Holt and Powers (CCA Appe ndix FAC) typically interpret the Culebra as \nbeing about 1 m (about 3 ft) thinne r than do other interpretations. In general, this reflects the \ndifference between including or excluding the unit at the Culebra-Tamarisk contact. The isopach \nof the Culebra is shown as Fi gure 4.8 in CCA Appendix FAC. \nLaVenue et al. (1988, Table B.1) calculated a mean thickness of 7.7 m (25 ft) for the Culebra \nwithin their model domain based on thicknesse s measured in 78 boreholes. Mercer (1983, \nreproduced as CCA Appendix HYDRO) reported a data set similar to that of LaVenue et al. The \nborehole database for the region of inte rest is provided in CCA Appendix BH. \nThe treatment of the Culebra in the concep tual model is discussed in Section 6.4.6.2 and \nassociated parameter values in Table 6-20. A more thorough discussion of Culebra features, \nsuch as fractures, is provided in Appe ndix PA, Attachment MASS, Section MASS.15. \nTable 2-3. Culebra Thickness Data Sets \nData Set Location \nT22S, R31E T21-23S, R30-32E Entire Set \nSource n ave std dev n ave std dev n ave std dev \nRichey (1989) 7 7.5 m 1.04 m 115 7.9 m 1.45 m 633 7.7 m 1.65 m \nCCA Appendix FAC 35 6.4 m 0.59 m 122 7.0 m 1.26 m 508 6.5 m 1.89 m \nLaVenue et al. (1988) 78 7.7 m \nSource WIPP Potash Drillholes \nJones (1978) 21 7.5 m 0.70 m \nCCA Appendix FAC 21 6.3 m 0.50 m \nLegend: \nn number of boreholes or data points \nave average or mean \nstd dev standard deviation \nm meters \n20 \n21 \n22 2.1.3.5.3 The Tamarisk Member \nVine (1963, B14) named the Tamarisk for outcrops n ear Tamarisk Flat in Nash Draw. Outcrops \nof the Tamarisk are distorted, and subsurface information was used to establish member \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-47 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 \n12 \n13 14 15 16 \n17 \n18 19 20 \n21 \n22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 30 \n31 32 33 characteristics. Vine reported two sulfate units separated by a siltstone, about 1.5 m (5 ft) thick, \ninterpreted by Jones et al. in 1960 as a dissolution residue. \nThe Tamarisk is generally conformable with the underlying Culebra. The transition is marked \nby an organic-rich unit interpreted as being pres ent over most of southeastern New Mexico. The \nTamarisk around the WIPP site consists of lower and upper sulfate units se parated by a unit that \nvaries from mudstone (generally to the west) to mainly halite (to the east). Near the center of the \nWIPP site, the lower anhydrite was partially erod ed during deposition of the middle mudstone \nunit, as observed in the WIPP waste-handling and exhaust shafts. The lower anhydrite was \ncompletely eroded at WIPP-19. Before shaft expos ures were available, the lack of the Lower \nTamarisk anhydrite at WIPP-19 was interpreted as th e result of dissolution and the mudstone was \nconsidered a cave filling. \nJones (1978) interprets halite to be present east of the center of the WIPP site based on \ngeophysical logs and drill cuttings. Based mainly on cores and cuttings records from the WIPP potash drilling program, Snyder prepared a map showing the halitic areas of each of the \nnoncarbonate members of the Rustler (Snyder 19 85, Figure 4). A very similar map based on \ngeophysical log characteristics was prepared by Holt and Powers (1988). \nCCA Appendix FAC describes the mudstones and ha litic facies in the middle of the Tamarisk \nand postulate that the unit formed in a salt-pan -to-mudflat system. Powers and Holt (2000) cited \nsedimentary features and the lateral relationshi ps as evidence of syndepositional dissolution of \nhalite in the marginal mudflat areas. \nThe Tamarisk thickness varies greatly in southeas tern New Mexico, princi pally as a function of \nthe thickness of halite in the middle unit. Within T22S, R31E, the thickness ranges from 26 to 56 m (84 to 184 ft) for the entire Tamarisk and fro m 2 to 34 m (6 to 110 ft) for the interval of \nmudstone-halite between lower and upper anhydrites (CCA Appe ndix FAC, Figures 4-9 and 4-\n11). Expanded geophysical logs with correspondi ng lithology illustrate some of the lateral \nrelationships for this interval (Figur e 2-18; see also Powers and Holt 2000). \nThe Tamarisk is modeled as discussed in Sect ion 6.4.6.3. Tamarisk parameter values are given \nin Appendix PA, Attachment PAR, Table PAR-24. \n2.1.3.5.4 The Magenta Dolomite Member \nAdams (1944, p. 1614) attributes the name Magent a Member to Lang, based on a feature named \nMagenta Point north of Laguna Grande de la Sal. According to CCA Appendix FAC the \nMagenta is a gypsiferous dolomite with abundant primary sedimentary structures and well-\ndeveloped algal features. It does not vary greatly in sedimentary features \nMarch 2004 2-48 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 Figure 2-18. Log Character of the Rust ler Emphasizing Mudstone-Halite Lateral \nRelationships \nFigure 2-18. Log Character of the Rustler Empha sizing Mudstone-Halite Lateral Relationships \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-49 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 \n7 8 \n9 \n10 11 12 13 \n14 \n15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 \n24 across the site area. CCA Appendix FAC, 5-22 re ported that the Magent a varies from 7.0 to \n8.5 m (23 to 28 ft) around the WIPP site. CCA Appendix FAC did not include a regional \nMagenta isopach. Additional detail on the Magenta can be found in Section 4.3.2 of CCA \nAppendix GCR and in Sections 4.1.4, 4.2.4, and 5.4 of CCA Appendix FAC. The Magenta is \nincluded in the conceptual model as discussed in Section 6.4.6.4. Modeling values are in Table \n6-24. \n2.1.3.5.5 The Forty-niner Member \nVine (1963) named the Forty-nine r for outcrops at Forty-niner Ri dge in eastern Nash Draw, but \nthe unit is poorly exposed there. In the subsurface around the WIPP, the Forty-niner consists of \nbasal and upper sulfates separa ted by a mudstone. It is c onformable with the underlying \nMagenta. As with other members of the Ru stler, geophysical log ch aracteristics can be \ncorrelated with core and shaft descriptions to extend geologica l inferences across a large area \n(Holt and Powers 1988). \nThe Forty-niner varies from 13 to 23 m (43 to 77 ft) thick within T22S, R31E. East and \nsoutheast of the WIPP, the Forty-niner exceeds 24 m (80 ft), and some of the geophysical logs \nfrom this area indicate that halite is present in the beds between the sulf ates. A regional isopach \nmap of the Forty-niner is in CCA Appendix FA C (Figure 4-13). See also Powers and Holt \n(2000). \nWithin the waste-handling shaft, the Forty-nine r mudstone displayed sedimentary features and \nbedding relationships indicating se dimentary transport. These beds are not known to have been \ndescribed in detail prior to mapping in the wast e-handling shaft at WIPP, and the features found \nthere led Holt and Powers (CCA Appendix FAC) to reexamine the available evidence for, and \ninterpretations of, dissolution of halite in Rustler units. \nThe inclusion of the Forty-ni ner in the conceptu al model is discussed in Section 6.4.6.5. \n25 \n26 \n27 \n28 \n29 \n30 31 32 33 34 35 \n36 \n37 38 39 2.1.3.6 The Dewey Lake \nThe nomenclature for rocks included in the Dewey Lake Formation was introduced during the \n1960s to clarify relationships between these rocks assigned to the Upper Permian and the \nCenozoic Gatuña Formation. \nThere are three main sources of data about th e Dewey Lake in the ar ea around WIPP. Miller \nreported the petrology of the unit in 1955 and 1966. Schiel (1988) desc ribed outcrops in the \nNash Draw areas and interpreted geophysical logs of the unit in southeastern New Mexico and \nwest Texas to infer the depositional environmen ts and stratigraphic rela tionships in 1988 and \n1994. Holt and Powers (1990a) were able to descri be the Dewey Lake in detail at the AIS for \nWIPP in 1990, confirming much of Schiel’s (1988) information and adding data regarding the \nLower Dewey Lake. \nThe Dewey Lake overlies the Rustler conformabl y, though local examples of the contact (for \nexample, the AIS described by Holt and Powers (1990a) show minor disruption by dissolution of \nsome of the upper Rustler sulfate. The formati on is predominantly reddish-brown fine sandstone \nto siltstone or silty claystone with greenish-gray reduction spots. Thin bedding, ripple cross-\nMarch 2004 2-50 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 \n5 \n6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 \n16 \n17 18 19 \n20 \n21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 \n31 \n32 33 34 35 36 37 bedding, and larger channeling are common features in outcrops, and additional soft sediment \ndeformation features and early fracturing from th e lower part of the formation are described by \nHolt and Powers (1990a). Schiel (1988, p. 143; 1994, p. 9) attributed the Dewey Lake to \ndeposition on “a large, arid fluvial pl ain subject to ephemeral flood events.” \nThere is no direct faunal or radiom etric evidence of the age of the Dewey Lake in the vicinity of \nthe WIPP site. It is assigned to the Ochoan Series , considered historically to be Late Permian in \nage, and it is regionally correlated with units of similar lithology and stratigraphic position. \nSchiel (1988, 1994) reviewed the limited radiomet ric data from lithologically similar rocks \n(Quartermaster Formation) and concluded that much of the unit could be Ea rly Triassic in age. \nRenne et al. (1996) resampled tephra from the Quartermaster in the Texas panhandle area and found that radiometric data suppor t the idea that the Qu artermaster is main ly Triassic in age \nrather than Permian. Others have begun to infer as well that the Dewey Lake in the vicinity of \nthe WIPP may be mostly Triassic (e.g., Powe rs and Holt 1999). These age relationships \ncontinue to be of academic interest because of the geologic significance of the Permo-Triassic \nboundary, but there is no significance for waste isolation at the WIPP. \nNear the center of the WIPP site, Holt and Powers (1990a, Figure 5) mapped 152 m (498 ft) of the Dewey Lake (Figure 2-19). The formation is thicker to the east (Schie l 1994, Figure 2) of the \nWIPP site, in part because wester n areas were eroded before the overlying Triassic rocks were \ndeposited. \nThe Dewey Lake contains fractures, which are fille d with minerals to varying degrees. Both \ncements and fracture fillings have been examined and used to infer groundwater infiltration. \nHolt and Powers (1990a, pp. 3-10) described th e Dewey Lake as cemented by carbonate above \n50 m (164.5 ft) in the AIS; some fract ures in the lower part of this interval were also filled with \ncarbonate, and the entire interval surface was commonly moist. Below this point, the cement is \nharder and more commonly anhydrit e (Powers 2003b), the shaft is dry, and fractures are filled \nwith gypsum. Powers (2002c; 2003b) reports co re and geophysical log data supporting these \nvertical changes in natu ral mineral cements in the Dewey Lake over a larger region at a horizon \nthat is believed to underlie known natural groundwa ter occurrences in the Dewey Lake. In areas \nwhere the Dewey Lake has been exposed to w eathering after erosion of the overlying Santa \nRosa, this cement boundary tends to generally pa rallel the eroded upper surface of the Dewey \nLake, suggesting that weatheri ng has affected the location of the boundary. Where the Dewey \nLake has been protected by overlying rocks of th e Santa Rosa, the cement change appears to be \nstratigraphically controlled but the data points are too few to be certain. Holt and Powers \n(1990a, pp. 3 - 11, Figure 16) suggested that the cemen t change might be related to infiltration of \nmeteoric water. They also determined that some of the gypsum-filled fractures are \nsyndepositional. Dewey Lake fractures include ho rizontal to subvertical trends, some of which \nwere mapped in detail (Holt and Powers 1986, Figures 6, 7, and 8). \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-51 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-19. Isopach of the Dewey Lake \nMarch 2004 2-52 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nLambert (1991, pp. 5 - 65) analyzed the deuter ium/hydrogen (D/H) ratios of gypsum in the \nRustler and gypsum veins in the Dewey Lake. He suggest that none of the gypsum formed from \nevaporitic fluid such as Permian seawater but th at the D/H ratios all show influence of meteoric \nwater. Furthermore, Lambert (1991, 5 – 66) infe rs that the gypsum D/H ra tio is not consistent \nwith modern meteoric water; it may, however, be c onsistent with older meteoric fluids. There is \nno obvious correlation with depth to indicate infiltration. Strontium isotope ratios (1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 \n11 \n12 87Sr/ 86Sr) \nindicate no intermixing or homogenization of fl uids between the Rustler and the Dewey Lake, \nbut there may have been lateral movement of water within the Dewey Lake (Lambert 1991, pp. \n5 - 54). Dewey Lake carbonate-vein material sh ows a broader range of strontium ratios than \ndoes surface caliche, and the ratios barely overlap. \nThe treatment of the Dewey Lake in the con ceptual model can be found in Section 6.4.6.6. \nDewey Lake parameter values are in Table 6-25. \n13 \n14 \n15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 \n23 \n24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 \n31 \n32 33 2.1.3.7 The Santa Rosa \nThere have been different appr oaches to the nomenc lature of rocks of Triassic age in \nsoutheastern New Mexico. Bachman (1974) ge nerally described the units as “Triassic, \nundivided” or as the Dockum Group, without di viding it. Vine (1963) used “Santa Rosa \nSandstone,” and Santa Rosa has become co mmon usage. Lucas and Anderson (1993a, 1993b) \nimport other formation names that are unlikely to be useful for WIPP. \nThe Santa Rosa has been called disconformab le over the Dewey Lake by Vine (1963, B25). \nThese rocks have more variegated hues than the underlying uniformly colored Dewey Lake. \nCoarse-grained rocks, including conglomerates , are common, and the formation includes a \nvariety of cross-bedding and sedimentary features (Lucas and Anderson 1993a, pp. 231 - 235). \nWithin the WIPP site boundary, the Santa Rosa is rela tively thin to absent (Figure 2-20). At the \nAIS, Holt and Powers (1990a, Figure 5) attributed about 0.6 m (2 ft) of rock to the Santa Rosa. \nThe Santa Rosa is a maximum of 78 m (255 ft) thic k in potash holes dril led for WIPP east of the \nsite boundary. The Santa Rosa is thicker to the east. The ge ologic data from design studies \n(Sergent et al. 1979) were incorporated with data from drilling to investigate shallow subsurface \nwater in the Santa Rosa to provide structure and thickness maps of the Santa Rosa in the vicinity \nof the WIPP surface structures area (Powers 1997). These results are consistent with the broader \nregional distribution of the Santa Rosa. \nThe Santa Rosa and younger rocks are modeled in the WIPP PA as a single region as discussed \nin Section 6.4.6.7. The model parameters for this supra-Dewey Lake region are given in Table \n6-26. \n34 \n35 \n36 37 38 2.1.3.8 The Gatuña \nLang (in Robinson and Lang 1938, p. 84) named the Gatuña for outcrops in the vicinity of \nGatuña Canyon in the Clayton Basin. Rocks now attributed to the Gatuña in Pierce Canyon were \nonce included in the Pierce Canyon Formation with rocks now assigned to the Dewey Lake. The \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-53 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-20. Isopach of the Santa Rosa \nMarch 2004 2-54 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 \n11 \n12 13 14 15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 formation has been mapped from the Santa Rosa , New Mexico, area south to the vicinity of \nPecos, Texas. It is unconformable with underlying units. \nVine (1963) and Bachman (1974) provided some limited description of the Gatuña. The most \ncomprehensive study of the Gatuña is based on WIPP investigations and landfill studies for the \nCity of Carlsbad and Eddy County (Powers and Holt 1993). Much of the formation is colored \nlight reddish-brown. It is br oadly similar to the Dewey Lake and the Santa Rosa, though the \nolder units have more intense hues. The forma tion is highly variable , ranging from coarse \nconglomerates to claystones with some highly gyps iferous sections. Sedi mentary structures are \nabundant. Analysis of lithofacies indicates that the formation is dominantly fluvial in origin with \nareas of low-energy deposits and evaporitic minerals. \nThe thickness of the Gatuña is not very consis tent regionally, as show n in Figure 2-21. The \nthickness of the Gatuña ranges up to 91 m (300 ft) at Pierce Canyon, with thicker ar eas generally \nsubparallel to the Pecos River. To the east, th e Gatuña is thin or absent. Holt and Powers \n(1990a) reported about 2.7 m (9 ft ) of undisturbed Gatuña in the AIS at WIPP. Powers (1997) \nintegrated data from facility design geotechnical work (Sergent et al. 1979) and drilling to \ninvestigate shallow water to deve lop maps of the Gatuña in th e vicinity of the WIPP surface \nfacility. These maps are consistent with the broader regional view of the distribution of the \nGatuña. \nThe Gatuña has been considered Pleistocene in age based on a volcanic glass in the Upper \nGatuña along the eastern margin of Nash Draw that has been identified as the Lava Creek B ash, \ndated at 0.6 million years by Izett and Wilcox (1982). This upper-limit age is corroborated by \nthe age determinations from the Mescalero caliche (hereafter referred to as the Mescalero) that \noverlies the Gatuña (see Section 2.1.3.9). An a dditional volcanic ash from the Gatuña in Texas \nyields consistent K-Ar and geochemical data, indicating that it is about 13 million years old at \nthat location (Powers and Holt 1993, p. 271). Thus , the Gatuña ranges in age over a period of \ntime that may be greater than that spanned by the Og allala Formation (hereafter referred to as the \nOgallala) on the High Plains east of WIPP. \n28 \n29 \n30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 2.1.3.9 Mescalero Caliche \nThe Mescalero caliche is an informal stratigraphic unit apparently first differentiated by Bachman in 1974, though Bachman (1973, p. 17, p. 27) described the caliche on the Mescalero \nPlain. He differentiated the Mescalero from the older, widespread Ogallala caliche or caprock on the basis of textures, noting th at breccia and pisolitic textures are much more common in the \nOgallala caliche. The Mescalero has been noted over significant areas in the Pecos drainage, \nincluding the WIPP area, and it ha s been formed over a variety of substrates. Bachman (1973) \ndescribed the Mescalero as a two-part unit: (1) an upper dense la minar caprock and (2) a basal, \nearthy-to-firm, nodular calcareous deposit. Mach ette (1985, p. 5) classified the Mescalero as \nhaving Stage V morphologies of a ca lcic soil (the more mature Oga llala caprock that occurs east \nof the WIPP site reaches Stage VI). \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-55 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 Figure 2-21. Isopach of the Gatuña \nBachman (1976, Figure 8) provided structure contours on the Mescal ero caliche for a large area \nof southeastern New Mexico, including the WI PP site. From the contours and Bachman’s \ndiscussion of the Mescalero as a so il, it is clear that the Mescalero is expected to be continuous \nover large areas. Explicit WIPP data are lim ited mainly to boreholes, though some borehole \nreports do not mention the Mescalero. The unit may be as much as 3 m (10 ft) thick. \nMarch 2004 2-56 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 The Mescalero overlies the Gatuña and wa s interpreted by Bachman (1976) on basic \nstratigraphic grounds as having accumulated during th e early-to-middle Pleistocene. Samples of \nthe Mescalero from the vicinity of the WIPP were studied us ing uranium-trend methods. \nBased on early written communicat ion from Rosholt, Bachman (1985, p. 20) reports that the \nbasal Mescalero began to form about 510,000 years ago and the upper part began to form about \n410,000 years ago; these ages are commonly c ited in WIPP literature. The samples are \ninterpreted by Rosholt and McKinney (1980, Table 5) in the formal report as indicating ages of \n570,000 ± 110,000 years for the lower part of th e Mescalero and 420,000 ± 60,000 years for the \nupper part. \nAccording to Bachman (1985, p. 19), where the Me scalero is flat-lying and not breached by \nerosion, it is an indicator of stability or integrity of the land surface over the last 500,000 years. \nAn additional discussion of the Mescalero calic he can be found in CCA Appendix GCR, Section \n4.2.2. \n14 \n15 \n16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 \n37 \n38 39 40 41 2.1.3.10 Surficial Sediments \nSoils of the region have develope d mainly from Quaternary and Pe rmian parent material. Parent \nmaterial from the Quaternary System is represented by alluvial deposits of major streams, dune \nsand, and other surface deposits. These are mos tly loamy and sandy sediments containing some \ncoarse fragments. Parent material from the Permian System is represented by limestone, dolomite, and gypsum bedrock. Soils of the region have developed in a semiarid, continental climate with abundant sunshine , low relative humidity, erratic and low rainfall, and a wide \nvariation in daily and seasonal te mperatures. Subsoil colors are normally light brown to reddish \nbrown but are often mixed with lime accumulations (caliche) that resu lt from limited, erratic \nrainfall and insufficient leaching. \nA soil association is a landscape with a distinct ive pattern of soil types (series). It normally \nconsists of one or more major soils and at least one minor soil. There are three soil associations \nwithin 8.3 km (5 mi) of the WIPP site: the Ke rmit-Berino, the Simona-Pajarito, and the Pyote-\nMaljamar-Kermit. Of these three associations , only the Kermit-Berino soil series has been \nmapped across the WIPP site by Chugg et al. (1952, Sheet No. 113). These are sandy soils \ndeveloped on eolian material. The Kermit-Berino soils include active dune areas. The Berino soil has a sandy A horizon; the B horizons incl ude more argillaceous material and weak-to-\nmoderate soil structures. A and B horizons are described as noncalcareou s, and the underlying C \nhorizon is commonly caliche. B achman (1980, p. 44) interpreted th e Berino soil as a paleosol \nthat is a remnant B horizon of the underlying Me scalero. Rosholt and McKinney (1980, Table 5) \napplied uranium-trend methods to samples of the Berino soil from the WIPP site area. Rosholt \nand McKinney (1980) interpreted the age of formation of the Berino soil as 330,000 ± 75,000 \nyears. \nGenerally, the Berino Series, which covers abou t 50 percent of the site, consists of deep, \nnoncalcareous, yellow-red to red sandy soils th at developed from wind- worked material of \nmixed origin. These soils are described as undul ating to hummocky and gently sloping (zero to \nthree percent slopes). The soils are the most extensive of the deep, sandy soils in the Eddy County area. Berino soils are subject to continui ng wind and water erosion. If the vegetative \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-57 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 \n11 \n12 13 14 cover is seriously depleted, the water-erosion potential is slight, but the wind-erosi on potential is \nvery high. These soils are partic ularly sensitive to wind erosion in the months of March, April, \nand May, when rainfall is minimal and winds are highest. These soil characteristics are a \nconsideration for the design of long-term passive controls such as monuments and markers (see \nCCA Appendix PIC, Section III). \nThe Kermit Series consists of deep, light-col ored, noncalcareous, excessively drained loose \nsands, typically yellowish-red fine sand. The surface is undulating to billowy (from 0 to \n3 percent slopes) and consists mostly of stabil ized sand dunes. Kermit soils are slightly to \nmoderately eroded. Permeability is very high, and, if vegetative cover is removed, the water-erosion potential is slig ht, but the wind-erosion po tential is very high. \nSurface soils appear to play a role in the infi ltration of precipitation. Mercer (CCA Appendix \nHYDRO) points out that where surface deposits are thickest, they may contain localized perched \nzones of groundwater. A more thorough discussion of this topi c can be found in CCA Appendix \nHYDRO. \n15 \n16 \n17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 2.1.3.11 Summary \nThe stratigraphy and lithology at the WIPP site has been summ arized from the lowermost pre-\nCambrian units to the surface soils. While these are important for an understanding of the site and its stability, not all of these units are important to the perfor mance of the disposal system. \nAs a result, the DOE has developed a concep tual model that describes the lithology as 13 \ndiscrete model regions ranging from the Castile to a region that genera lly includes units above \nthe Dewey Lake. In this model, emphasis is placed on the Castile, the Salado, the five members of the Rustler, the Dewey Lake, and the supra-Dewe y Lake units. The Salado is divided into five \nstratigraphic units to capture the variations in properties near the horizon of the repository (see \nFigure 6-14). The identification and definition of the appropriate modeling units is based on the \nidentification of FEPs that can impact the performance of the di sposal system. Details of the \nconceptual model can be found in Section 6.4.2. \n2.1.4 Physiography and Geomorphology \nIn this section, the DOE presents a discu ssion of the physiography and geomorphology of the \nWIPP site and surrounding area. This information is taken from DOE 1980 (pp. 7-21 to 7-23). \nGeomorphology and physiography are determined by the DOE (1980) to be features that are \npotentially important to disposal system performance. They are included in the consequence \nanalysis through consideration of the topography and its influence on the regional water table. \n(See discussion of regional water table characteristics in Secti on 2.2.1.) Consequently, \ntopographic information is presented in this section. In addition, several geomorphological \nprocesses have been screened out on the basis of either low consequence or low probability, as \ndiscussed in Appendix PA, Attachment SCR. These include weathering, erosion, sedimentation, \nand soil development. Information is presented in this section to support th is screening. In order \nto perform this screening, such factors as slope s, proximity to watercourses, dissection, and \nhistoric and existing processes are important. These are presented in this section in terms of the \nregional and local physiographic a nd geomorphological characteristic s. Tectonic processes that \nmay alter the physiography of the region or site area are discusse d in Section 2.1.5. In addition, \nMarch 2004 2-58 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 Section 2.1.6 presents more specific details on nontectonic processes identified during site \ncharacterization as having the potential for aff ecting the repository over the longer term and as \nrequiring detailed investigation. These incl ude halite deformation and dissolution. \n4 \n5 \n6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 \n20 \n21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 30 31 32 2.1.4.1 Regional Physiography and Geomorphology \nThe WIPP site is in the Pecos Va lley section of the southern Gr eat Plains physiographic province \n(Figure 2-22), a broad, highland belt sloping gently eastward from the Rocky Mountains and the \nBasin and Range Province to the Central Lowlands Province. The Pecos Valley section itself is \ndominated by the Pecos River Valley, a long north -south trough that is from 8.3 to 50 km (5 to \n30 mi) wide and as much as 305 m (1,000 ft) deep in the north. The Pecos River System has evolved from the south, cutting headward through the Ogallala sediments and becoming \nentrenched some time after the Middle Pleistocen e. It receives almost all the surface and \nsubsurface drainage of the region; most of its tr ibutaries are intermittent because of the semiarid \nclimate. The surface locally has a karst terrain containing sinkholes, dolines, and solution-subsidence troughs from both surf ace erosion and subsurface di ssolution. The valley has an \nuneven rock- and alluvium-covered floor with wi despread solution-subsidence features, the \nresult of dissolution in the underl ying Upper Permian rocks. The terrain varies from plains and \nlowlands to rugged canyonlands, and contains such erosional features as scarps, cuestas, terraces, \nand mesas. The surface slopes gently eastward, refl ecting the underlying rock strata. Elevations \nvary from more than 1,829 m (6,000 ft) in the northwest to about 610 m (2,000 ft) in the south. \nThe Pecos Valley section is borde red on the east by the virtuall y uneroded plain of the Llano \nEstacado. The Llano Estacado is part of the High Plains section of the Great Plains physiographic province and is a poorly drained eastward-sloping surface covered by gravels, \nwind-blown sand, and caliche that has developed since early-to-m iddle Pleistocene time. Few \nand minor topographic features ar e present in the High Plains s ection, formed when more than \n152 m (500 ft) of Tertiary silts, gravels, and sands were laid down in alluvial fans by streams \ndraining the Rocky Mountains. In many areas, th e nearly flat surface is cemented by a hard \ncaliche layer. \nTo the west of the Pecos Valley section are the Sacramento Mountains and the Guadalupe \nMountains, part of the Sacramento section of the Basin and Range Province. The Capitan \nescarpment along the southeaste rn side of the Guadalupe Mountains marks the boundary \nbetween the Basin and Range and the Great Plains provi nces. The Sacramento section has large \nbasinal areas and a series of intervening mountain ranges (DOE 1980). \n2.1.4.2 Site Physiography and Geomorphology 33 \n34 \n35 36 37 38 39 The land surface in the area of the WIPP site is a semiarid, wind-blown pl ain sloping gently to \nthe west and southwest, and is hummocky with sand ridges and dunes. A hard caliche layer \n(Mescalero rocks) is typically present ben eath the sand blanket and on the surface of the \nunderlying Gatuña. Figure 2-23 is a topographic map of the area. Elevations at the site range \nfrom 1,088 m (3,570 ft) in the east to 990 m (3,250 ft) in the west . The average east-to-west \nslope is 9.4 m per kilometer (50 ft/mi). \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-59 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nColorado Plateau\nBasin and Range province\nGreat Plains province\nCentral Lowlands provinceRocky MountainsNavajo SectionPiedmont Section\nRaton Section\nMexican \nHighlands\nSectionPlains Border Section\nPecos Ri\nver\nPecos Valley SectionWIPPSITECanadian RiverRio Grande River\n0 100 150 200 MilesSacram\nento Section\n50High Plains \nSectionSacram\nento SectionMexican \nHighlands\nSection\nCCA-034-2 1 \n2 Figure 2-22. Physiographic Provinces and Sections \nMarch 2004 2-60 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-23 Topographic Map of the Area Around the WIPP Site \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-61 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 \n4 \n5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 12 13 \n14 \n15 \n16 17 18 19 \n20 \n21 \n22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Livingston Ridge is the most prom inent physiographic feature near the site. It is a west-facing \nescarpment that has about 23 m (75 ft) of topogra phic relief and marks the eastern edge of Nash \nDraw, the drainage course nearest to the site (s ee Figure 2-23). Nash Dr aw is a shallow 8-km-\nwide (5-mi-wide) basin, 61 to 91 m (200 to 300 ft ) deep and open to the southwest. It was \ncaused, at least in part, by subsurface dissolution and the accompanying subsidence of overlying sediments. Livingston Ridge is the approximate boundary between terrain that has undergone erosion and/or solution collapse to the west and terra in that has been little affected to the east. \nAbout 24 km (15 mi) east of the site is the s outheast-trending San Simon Swale, a depression \ncaused, at least in part, by subsurface dissoluti on. Between San Simon Swale and the site is a \nbroad, low mesa named the Divide. Lying about 9.7 km (6 mi) east of the site and about 30 m \n(100 ft) above the surrounding terra in, it is a boundary between sout hwest drainage toward Nash \nDraw and southeast drainage toward San Simon Swale. The Divide is capped by the Ogallala and the overlying caliche, upon which have formed small, elongated depressions similar to those \nin the adjacent High Plains section to the east. \nSurface drainage is intermittent; the nearest perenni al stream is the Pecos River, 19 km (12 mi) \nsouthwest of the WIPP site boundary. The site’s location near a natural divide protects it from \nflooding and serious erosion cause d by heavy runoff. Should the climate become more humid, \nany perennial streams should follow the present basins, and Nash Draw and San Simon Swale \nwould be the most eroded, leaving the area of the Divide relatively intact. \n2.1.5 Tectonic Setting and Site Structural Features \nThe DOE has screened out, on the basis of either probability or consequence or both, all tectonic, magmatic, and structural related processes. Th e screening discussions can be found in Appendix \nPA, Attachment SCR. The information needed fo r this screening is in cluded here and covers \nregional tectonic processes such as subsidence and uplift and basi n tilting, magmatic processes \nsuch as igneous intrusion and events such as vol canism, and structural processes such as faulting \nand loading and unloading of the rocks because of long-term sedimentation or erosion. Discussions of structural events, such as earthquakes, are considered to the extent that they may \ncreate new faults or activate old faults. The seis micity of the area is cons idered in Section 2.6 for \nthe purposes of determining seismic design parameters for the facility. \n30 \n31 \n32 33 \n34 \n35 36 37 38 39 2.1.5.1 Tectonics \nThe processes and features included in this sectio n are those more traditiona lly considered part of \ntectonics, processes that devel op the broad-scale feat ures of the earth. Salt dissolution is a \ndifferent process that can develop some features resembling those of tectonics. \nMost broad-scale structural elements of th e area around the WIPP developed during the Late \nPaleozoic (CCA Appendix GCR, pp. 3-58 to 3-77). There is little hist orical or geological \nevidence of significant tectoni c activity in the vicinity, and the leve l of stress in the region is low. \nThe entire region tilted slightly during the Tertiary, and activ ity related to Basin and Range \ntectonics formed major structures southwest of the area. Seismic activity is specifically \naddressed in a separate section. \nMarch 2004 2-62 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nBroad subsidence began in the area as early as the Ordovician, developing a sag called the \nTobosa Basin. By Late Pennsylvanian to Earl y Permian time, the Central Basin Platform \ndeveloped (Figure 2-24), separati ng the Tobosa Basin into two parts: the Delaware Basin to the \nwest and the Midland Basin to the east. The Permian Basin refers to the collective set of \ndepositional basins in the area during the Permian Period. Southwest of the Delaware Basin, the Diablo Platform began developing either in th e Late Pennsylvanian or Early Permian. The \nMarathon Uplift and Ouachita tectonic belt limited the southern extent of the Delaware Basin. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 12 13 14 \n According to Brokaw et al. (1972, p. 30), pre-Ochoan sedimentary rocks in the Delaware Basin show evidence of gentle downwarping duri ng deposition, while Ochoan and younger rocks do \nnot. A relatively uniform eastward tilt, gene rally from about 14 to 19 m/per km (75 to \n100 ft/mi), has been superimposed on the sedimentary sequence.\n1 King (1948, pp. 108 and 121) \ngenerally attributes the uplift of the Guadalupe and Delaware mountains along the west side of \nthe Delaware Basin to the later Cenozoic, though he also notes that some faults along the west \nmargin of the Guadalupe Mountains ha ve displaced Quaternary gravels. \n \n1 Local dip of the Salado has been determined by mapping in the WIPP underground excavations. This dip is \nmodeled as one degree to the south, as discussed in Section 6.4.2.1. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-63 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-24. Structural Provinces of the Permian Basin Region \nMarch 2004 2-64 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 \n23 \n24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 30 31 32 33 \n34 \n35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 King (1948, p. 144) also infers the uplift from the Pliocene-age deposits of the Llano Estacado. Subsequent studies of the Oga llala of the Llano Estacado show that it varies in age from \nMiocene (about 12 million years before present) to Pliocene (Hawley 1993). This is the most \nlikely range for uplift of the Guadalupe Mountains and broad tilting to the east of the Delaware \nBasin sequence. \nAnalysis of the present regional stress field indicates that the Delaware Basin lies within the \nSouthern Great Plains stress provi nce. This province is a trans ition zone between the extensional \nstress regime to the west and the region of comp ressive stress to the east. An interpretation by \nZoback and Zoback (1991, p. 350) of the available data indicates th at the level of stress in the \nSouthern Great Plains stress province is low. Changes to the tectonic setting, such as the development of subduction zones and a consequent change in the driving forces, would take \nmuch longer than 10,000 years to occur. \nTo the west of the Southern Great Plains pr ovince is the Basin and Range province, or \nCordilleran Extension province, where accord ing to Zoback and Zoback (1991, pp. 348 - 351), \nnormal faulting is the characterist ic style of deformation. The eas tern boundary of the Basin and \nRange province is marked by the Rio Grande Rift . Sanford et al. (1991, p. 230) note that, as a \ngeological structure, the rift extends beyond the relatively narrow geomorphological feature seen \nat the surface, with a magnetic anomaly at least 500 km (300 mi) wide. On this basis, the Rio \nGrande Rift can be regarded as a system of axial grabens along a major north-south trending \nstructural uplift (a continuation of the Southern Rocky Mountains). The magnetic anomaly extends beneath the Southern Great Plains stre ss province, and regional- scale uplift of about \n1,000 m (3,300 ft) over the past 10 million years also extends into eastern New Mexico. \nTo the east of the Southern Gr eat Plains province is the large Mid-Plate province that \nencompasses central and eastern regions of th e conterminous United States and the Atlantic \nbasin west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The Mid- Plate province is characterized by low levels of \npaleo- and historic seismicity. Where Quaternary faulting has occurr ed, it is generally strike-slip \nand appears to be associated with the r eactivation of older st ructural elements. \nZoback et al. (1991) report no stress measurements from the Delaware Basin. The stress field in \nthe Southern Great Plains stress province has been defined from borehole measurements in west \nTexas and from volcanic lineaments in norther n New Mexico. These measurements were \ninterpreted by Zoback and Zoback (1991, p. 353) to indicate that the leas t principal horizontal \nstress is oriented north-north east and south-southwest and th at most of the province is \ncharacterized by an extensional stress regime. \nThere is an abrupt change between the orientatio n of the least principal horizontal stress in the \nSouthern Great Plains and the west-northwest orientation of the least principal horizontal stress \ncharacteristic of the Rio Grande Rift. In addi tion to the geological indications of a transition \nzone as described above, Zoback and Zoback (1 980, p. 6134) point out that there is also evidence \nfor a sharp boundary between these two provinces. This is reinforced by the change in crustal \nthickness from about 40 km (24 mi) beneath the Colorado Plateau to about 50 km (30 mi) or \nmore beneath the Southern Great Plains east of the Rio Grande Rift. The base of the crust within \nthe Rio Grande Rift is poorly defined but is shallower than that of the Colorado Plateau \n(Thompson and Zoback 1979, p. 152). There is also ma rkedly lower heat flow in the Southern \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-65 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nGreat Plains (typically < 60 mWm-2) reported by Blackwell et al. (1991, p. 428) compared with \nthat in the Rio Grande Rift (typically > 80 mWm1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 -2) reported by Reiter et al. (1991, p. 463). \nOn the eastern boundary of the Sout hern Great Plains province, ther e is only a small rotation in \nthe direction of the least principal horizontal stress. There is, however, a change from an \nextensional, normal faulting regime to a compressi ve, strike-slip faulting regime in the Mid-Plate \nprovince. According to Zoback and Zoback (198 0, p. 6134), the available data indicate that this \nchange is not abrupt and that the Southern Grea t Plains province can be viewed as a marginal \npart of the Mid-Plate province. \n9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 \n30 \n31 \n32 \n33 \n34 35 36 37 38 2.1.5.2 Loading and Unloading \nLoading and unloading during the geological histor y since deposition is cons idered an influence \non the hydrology of the Permian units because of its possible effect on the development of fractures. \nThe sedimentary loading, depth of total burial, a nd erosion events combine in a complex history \nreconstructed here from regional geological trends and local data. The history is presented in \nFigure 2-25 with several alternat ives, depending on the inferences that are drawn, ranging from \nminimal to upper-bound estimates (Powers and Ho lt 1995, Section 5.3). Borns (1987) also made \na generalized estimate of loading that is similar. The estimates are made with a reference point \nand depth to the Culebra at the AIS. \nGiven the maximum local thickness of the Dewey Lake, the maximum load at the end of the \nPermian was no more than approximately 240 m (787 ft). Given the presen t depth to the Culebra \nfrom the top of the Dewey Lake in the AIS, approximately 35 m (115 ft) of Dewey Lake might \nhave been eroded during the Early Triassic befo re additional sediments were deposited. The \nTriassic thickness at the AIS is approximately 8 m (26 ft). Northeast of the WIPP site (T21S, R33E), Triassic rocks (Dockum Group) have a maximum local thickness of approximately 373 m (1,233 ft). This thickness is a reasonable estimate of the ma ximum thickness also attained \nat the WIPP site prior to the Jurassic Period. At the end of the Triassic, the total thickness at the \nWIPP site may have then attained approximately 586 m (1,863 ft) in two similar loading stages \nof a few million years each, over a pe riod of approximately 50 million years. \nThe Jurassic outcrops nearest to the WIPP site are in the Malone Mountains of west Texas. \nThere is no evidence that Jurassic rocks were depos ited at or in the vicinity of the WIPP site. \nAs a consequence, the Jurassic is considered a time of erosion or nondeposition at the site, \nthough erosion is most likely. \nWidespread erosion during the Jurassic obviously cannot be broadly inferre d for the area or there \nwould not be thick Triassic rocks still preserved. Triassic rocks of this thickness are preserved \nnearby, indicating either pre-Jurassic tilting or that erosion did not occur un til later (but still after \ntilting to preserve the Triassic rocks near the WIPP site). It is also possible that the immediate \nsite area had little Triassic depos ition or erosion, but very limited Triassic deposition (that is, 8 m \n[26 ft]) at the WIPP site seems unlikely. \nMarch 2004 2-66 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 Figure 2-25. Loading and Unloading History Estimated to the Base of the Culebra \nLang (1947) reported fossils from Lower Cretaceous rocks in the Black River Valley southwest \nof the WIPP site. Bachman (1980, p. 28) also reported similar patches of probable Cretaceous rocks near Carlsbad and south of White’s City. From these repor ts, it is likely that some \nCretaceous rocks were deposited at the WIPP site. Approximately 110 km (70 mi) south-\nsouthwest of the WIPP site, significant Cretaceo us outcrops of both Early and Late Cretaceous \nage have a total maximum thickness of approxima tely 300 m (1,000 ft). Southeast of the WIPP, \nthe nearest Cretaceous outcrops ar e thinner and represent only the Lower Cretaceous. Based on \noutcrops, a maximum thickness of 300 m (1,000 ft) of Cretaceous rocks could be estimated for \nthe WIPP site. Compared to the estimate of Triassic rock thickness, it is less likely that Cretaceous rocks were this thick at the site. The uppermost lines of Figure 2-25 summarize the \nassumptions of maximum thickness of these units. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-67 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 \n22 \n23 24 \n25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 \n32 \n33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 A more likely alternative is that virtually no Cretaceous rocks were deposited, followed by \nerosion of remaining Triassic rocks during the La te Cretaceous to the Late Cenozoic. Such \nerosion may also have taken place over an ev en longer period, beginning with the Jurassic \nPeriod. Ewing (1993) favors Early Cretaceous uplift and erosion for the Trans-Pecos Texas area, but does not analyze later up lift and erosional patterns. \nIn the general vicinity of the WIPP site, ther e are outcrops of Cenozoic rock from the Late \nMiocene (Gatuña and Ogallala Formations). Ther e is little reason to infe r any significant Early \nCenozoic sediment accumulation at the WIPP site. Er osion is the main process inferred to have \noccurred during this period and an average erosion rate of approximately 10 m (33 ft) per million years is sufficient during the Cenozoic to erod e the maximum inferred Triassic and Cretaceous \nthickness prior to Gatuña and Ogallala depositi on. Significant thicknesse s of Cretaceous rocks \nmay not have been deposited, however, and aver age erosion rates could have been lower. \nMaximum-known Gatuña thickness in the area around the WIPP is approximately 100 m \n(330 ft); at the WIPP site, the Gatuña is very thin to absent. Ogallala deposits are known from \nthe Divide east of the WIPP site , as well as from the High Plains further east and north. On the \nHigh Plains northeast of the WIPP, the upper Ogallala surface slopes to the southeast at a rate of \napproximately 4 m/km (20 feet per mile). A st raight projection of the 1,250-m (4,100-ft) contour \nline from this High Plains surface intersects the site area, which is at an elevation slightly above \n1,036 m (3,400 ft). This difference in elevation of 213 m (700 ft) represents one estimate, probably near an upper bound, of po ssible unloading subsequent to deposition of the Ogallala \nFormation. \nAlternatively, the loading and unloading of the Ogallala could have been closer to 100 m \n(330 ft). In any case, it would have occurred as a short-lived pulse ove r a few million years at \nmost. \nWhile the above inferences about greater unit thicknesses and pr obable occurrence are \npermissible, a realistic assessment suggests a more modest loading and unloading history \n(Powers and Holt 1995). It is likely that the De wey Lake accumulated to near local maximum \nthickness of approximately 240 m (787 ft) before be ing slightly eroded prior to the deposition of \nTriassic rocks. It also is most probable that the Triassic rocks accumulated at the site to near \nlocal maximum thickness. In two similar cycles of rapid loading, the Culebra was buried to a \ndepth of approximately 650 m (2,132 ft) by the end of the Triassic. \nIt also seems unlikely that a significant thic kness of Cretaceous rock accumulated at the WIPP \nsite. Erosion probably began during the Jurassic, slowed or stopped during the Early Cretaceous \nas the area was nearer or at base level, and th en accelerated during the Cenozoic, especially in \nresponse to uplift as Basin and Range tectonics encroached on the area and the basin was tilted \nmore. Erosional beveling of Dewey Lake and Sa nta Rosa suggest considerable erosion since \ntilting in the mid-Cenozoic. Eros ion rates for this shorter period could have been relatively high, \nresulting in the greatest stress relief on the Cu lebra and surrounding units. Some filling occurred \nduring the Late Cenozoic as the upli fted areas to the west formed an apron of Ogallala sediment \nacross much of the area, but it is not clear how much Gatuña or Ogallala sediment was deposited \nin the site area. From genera l reconstruction of Gatuña histor y in the area (Powers and Holt \n1993, p. 281), the DOE infers that Gatuña or Ogalla la deposits likely were not much thicker at \nMarch 2004 2-68 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 the WIPP site than they are now. The loadi ng and unloading spike (Figure 2-25) representing \nOgallala thickness probably did not occur. Cut ting and headward erosion by the Pecos River has \ncreated local relief and unloading by erosion. \nAt the WIPP site, this history is a little complicated by dissolu tion, though locally (for example, \nNash Draw) the effects of erosion and dissolution are more signifi cant. The underlying \nevaporites have responded to foundering of anhydr ite in less dense halite beds. These have \ncaused local uplift of the Culebr a (as at ERDA 6) but little ch ange in the overburden at the \nWIPP. Areas east of the WIPP site are likely to have histories similar to that of the site. West of \nthe site, the final unloading is more complicated by dissolution and additi onal erosion leading to \nexposure of the Culebra along stretches of the Pecos River Valley. \n11 \n12 \n13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 \n22 \n23 24 25 26 27 \n28 \n29 30 31 \n32 \n33 34 35 36 2.1.5.3 Faulting \nFault zones are well known al ong the Central Basin Platform, east of WIPP, from extensive \ndrilling for oil and gas, as reported by Hills (1984). Holt and Powers performed an analysis in 1988 (CCA Appendix FAC, p. 4-14) of geophysical lo gs from oil and gas wells to examine the \nregional geology for the Rustler. This analysis showed that faults along the margin of the \nCentral Basin Platform displaced Rustler rocks of at least Late Permian age. The overlying \nDewey Lake shows marked thinning along the sa me trend, according to Schiel (1988, Figure 21), \nbut the structure contours of the top of the Dewe y Lake are not clearly offset. Schiel (1988) \nconcluded that the fault was probably reactiv ated during the Dewey Lake’s deposition, but \nmovement ceased at least by the time the Santa Ro sa was deposited. No surface displacement or \nfault has been reported along this trend. \nMuehlberger et al. (1978) mapped Quaternary fau lt scarps along the Salt Basin graben west of \nboth the Guadalupe and Delaware mountains. Thes e are the nearest known Quaternary faults of \ntectonic origin to the WIPP. Kelley (1971) inferred the Carlsbad and Barrera faults along the \neastern escarpment of the Guadalupe Mountains based mainly on vegetative lineaments. Hayes and Bachman (1979) reexamined the field evidence for these faults in 1979 and concluded that \nthey were nonexistent. Figure 2-26 illustrate s major regional structures, including faults. \nOn a national basis, Howard et al. (1971, sheets 1 and 2) assessed the location and potential for \nactivity of young faults. For the region around the WIPP site, Howard et al. (1971, sheet 1) \nlocated faults along the western escarpment of the Delaware and Guadalupe mountain trend. \nThese faults were judged to be Late Quaternary (approximately th e last 500,000 years) or older. \nIn summary, there are no known Quaternary or Ho locene faults of tectonic origin that offset \nrocks at the surface nearer to th e site than the western escarpme nt of the Guadalupe Mountains. \nA significant part of the tilt of ba sin rocks is attributed to a mid- Miocene to Pliocene uplift trend \nalong the Guadalupe-Sacramento Mountains that is inferred on the basis of High Plains \nsediments of the Ogallala. \n37 \n38 \n39 2.1.5.4 Igneous Activity \nWithin the Delaware Basin, only one feature of igneous origin is known to have formed since the Precambrian. An igneous lamprophyre dike or seri es of dikes occurs along a linear trace about \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-69 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 120 km (75 mi) long from the Yeso Hills south of Wh ite’s City to the northeast of the WIPP site \n \n 3 \n4 Figure 2-26. Regional Structures \nMarch 2004 2-70 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 \n5 \n6 7 8 9 \n10 \n11 \n12 \n13 14 15 16 \n17 \n18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 (Elliot Geophysical Company 1976). At its closes t, the dike trend passes about 13 km (8 mi) \nnorthwest of the WIPP site center, as shown in Figure 2-27. Evidence for the extent of the dike \nincludes outcroppings at Yeso Hills , subsurface intercepts in boreholes and mines, and airborne \nmagnetic responses. \nAn early radiometric determination for the di ke by Urry (1936) yielded an age of 30 ± \n1.5 million years. Work on dike samples by Calzia and Hiss (1978) is consistent with earlier \nwork, indicating an age of 34.8 ± 0.8 million years.2 Work by Brookins (1980) on polyhalite \nsamples in contact with the dike indicated an age of about 21.4 million years. Volcanic ashes \nfound in the Gatuña (Section 2.1.3.8) were airborne from distan t sources and do not represent \nvolcanic activity at the WIPP site. \n2.1.6 Nontectonic Processes and Features \nNontectonic processes and featur es, which include evaporite de formation and dissolution of \nstrata, are known to be active in the Delaware Basin. These processes ar e of interest because \nthey represent mechanisms that are potentially disr uptive to the repository in the long term. Both \nprocesses have been investigated extensively. The conclusions from these investigations are \nsummarized in this section. \nHalite in evaporite sequences is re latively plastic, which can lead to the process of deformation; \nit is also highly soluble, which can lead to the process of dissolu tion. Both processes \n(deformation and dissolution) can produce structural features similar to those produced by tectonic processes. The featur es developed by dissolution and deformation can be distinguished \nfrom similar-looking tectonic features where the underlying units do not refl ect the same feature \nas do the evaporites. As an example, the evaporite deformation commonly does not affect the underlying Bell Canyon. Beds underl ying areas of dissolved salt ar e not affected, but overlying \nunits to the surface may be affected. The deforma tion in the Castile and Sa lado also tends to die \nout in overlying units, and the Rustler or the Dewey Lake may show little, if any, effects from deformed evaporites. \n2.1.6.1 Evaporite Deformation 27 \n28 \n29 30 \n31 32 \n33 34 35 36 \n The most recent review of evaporite deformation in the northern Delaware Basin and original \nwork to evaluate deformation is summarized he re. More detail is provided in CCA Appendix \nDEF. \n2.1.6.1.1 Basic WIPP History of Deformation Investigations \nThe Castile has been known for many years to be deformed in parts of the Delaware Basin, \nespecially along the northern margin. Jones et al. (1973) clearly showed the Castile to be thicker \nfrom the northwestern to northern part of the ba sin margin, just inside the Capitan Reef. A \ndissertation by Snider (1966, Figur es 11 and 14) and a paper by Anderson et al. (1972, Figure \n10) also presented maps showing some evidence of thicker sections of Castile next to the \n \n2 Calzia and Hiss (1978, p. 44) reported 32.2 to 33.9 million years. However, Powers et al. 1978 (CCA Appendix \nGCR, p. 3-80) reported a recalculated value of 34.8 ± 0.8 million years ba sed on a change in measured decay \nconstant. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-71 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-27. Igneous Dike in the Vicinity of the WIPP Site \nMarch 2004 2-72 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 \n12 \n13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 \n22 \n23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 \n31 \n32 33 34 35 36 \n37 \n38 39 40 \n41 \n42 Capitan. ERDA-6 was drilled during 1975 as part of th e program to characterize an initial site for \nWIPP. The borehole penetrated increasingly deformed beds thr ough the Salado into the Castile, \nand, at 826 m (2,711 ft) depth, the borehole bega n to produce pressurized brine and gas. \nAnderson and Powers (1978, p. 79) and Jones (1981a) interpreted be ds to have been displaced \nstructurally by as much as 289.5 m (950 ft). Some of the lower beds may have pierced overlying beds. The beds were considered too structur ally deformed to mine reasonably along single \nhorizons for a repository. Ther efore, the site was abandoned in 1975, and the current site was \nlocated in 1976 (CCA Appendix GCR). The de formed beds around ERDA-6 were considered \npart of a deformed zone within about 10 km (6 mi ) of the inner margin of the Capitan Reef. As a \nconsequence, the preliminary selection criteria we re revised to prohibit locating a new site within \n10 km (6 mi) of the Capitan margin. \nGeneral criteria for the present site for the WIPP appeared to be met based on initial data from \ndrilling (ERDA-9) and geophysical surveys. Beginning in 1977, the new site was more \nintensively characterized through geophysical surveys, including seismic reflection and drilling. \nExtensive seismic reflection work revealed good reflector quality in the southern part of the site \nand poor-quality or disturbed reflectors in a sect or of the northern part of the site (see CCA \nAppendix DEF, Figure DEF-2.2). The area of disturbed reflectors became known as the \ndisturbed zone, the area of anomalous seismic re flectors, or the zone of anomalous seismic \nreflection data. (The disturbed zone based on poor Castile seismic reflectors is completely \ndifferent from the DRZ that describes the deformation around mined underground openings at \nthe WIPP.) \nPowers et al., in CCA Appendix GCR, Figures 4.4, 4.5, and 4.6, generally shows the disturbed \nzone beginning about 1.6 km (1 mi) north of the WIPP site center. Borns et al. (1983), included \ntwo areas south of the WIPP site as showing the sa me features of the dist urbed zone. Neill et \nal.(1983) summarized the limits of the disturbed zone based on differing interpretations and \nincluded the area less than 1.6 km (1 mi) north of the site center, where the dip in the Castile \nbegins to steepen. WIPP-11 was drilled in early 1978 about 5 km (3 mi) north of the site center \nover part of the disturbed zone where proprieta ry petroleum company data had also indicated \nsignificant seismic anomalies. The borehole en countered highly deformed beds within the \nCastile and altered thicknesses of halite units, but no pressurized brine and gas were found. \nLess than 1.6 km (1 mi) north of the site center, seismic data indicated possible faulting of the \nupper Salado and the lower Rustler over the area of steepening Castile dips. Four boreholes \n(WIPP-18, -19, -21, -22) were drilled into the upper Salado and demonstrated neither faulting nor significant deformation of the Rustler-Sala do contact. Lateral changes in the seismic \nvelocity of the upper sections contributed to the interpretation of a possible fault and thus \ncomplicated interpretations of deeper structure. \nWIPP-12 was located about 1.6 km (1 mi) north of the center of the site and drilled during 1978 \nto a depth of 850 m (2,785 ft) in the upper Castile to determine the signif icance of structure on \npossible repository horizons. Th e top of the Castile was encountered at an elevation about 49 m \n(160 ft) above the same contact in ERDA-9 at the site center. \nWIPP-12 was deepened during late 1981 to a de pth of 1,200 m (3,925 ft) to test for possible \nbrine and gas in the deformed Castile. The probability of encounter ing brine and gas was \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-73 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 18 \n19 20 \n21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 29 \n30 \n31 32 \n33 \n34 35 36 37 38 considered low because ERDA-6 and other known brine reservoirs in the Castile occurred in areas with greater deformation. During drilling, fractured anhydrite in th e upper Castile (lower \nA3) began to yield pressurized brine and gas. The borehole was deepened to the basal anhydrite \n(A1) of the Castile. Subsequent reservoir testing (Popielak et al . 1983) was conducted to \nestimate reservoir properties (see Section 2.2.1.2.2 and Section 6.4.8). \nAs a consequence of discovering pressurized brine and gas in WIPP-12, the EEG recommended \nthat the design of the facility be changed and that proposed waste disposal areas in the north be \nmoved or reoriented to the south. After addi tional drilling of DOE-1, the DOE concluded that \nthe design change had advantages, and the disposal facilities were placed s outh of the site center. \nA microgravity survey of the site was designed to delineate further th e structure within the \ndisturbed zone, based on the large density differe nces between halite and anhydrite. The gravity \nsurvey was unsuccessful in yielding any improved resolution of the Castile structure. \nDOE-2 was the last WIPP borehole to examine structure within the Castile. Potash drillhole data suggested a low point in Salado units about 3.3 km (2 mi) north of the site center. It was \nproposed by Davies (1984, p. 175) that the Sala do low might indicate deeper dissolution of \nCastile halite, somewhat similar to the disso lution causing breccia pi pes (see Section 2.1.6.2 on \nevaporite dissolution). The borehole demonstrated considerable Castile deformation, but there \nwas no indication that halite had been removed by dissolution (Mercer et al. 1987; Borns 1987). \n2.1.6.1.2 Extent of the Disturbed Zone at the Site \nNearby surface drilling, shafts, and underground drilling during early excavations at WIPP showed that the repository horizon varies modestly from the regi onal structure over the central \npart of the site; north of the site center, the be ds dip gently to the south. Borns (1987) suggested \nthat the south dip is probably relate d to the dip on the underlying Castile. \nThe upper surface of MB 139, under the repository horizon, exhibited local relief in the \nexploratory salt-handling shaft. Jarolimek et al. (1983, pp. 4 - 6) interpreted the relief as mainly \ncaused by syndepositional growth of gypsum at the water-sediment interface to form mounds \nand by subsequent partial crushing. Jarolimek et al. (1983) concluded that the MB relief was not \ncaused by deformation because the base of the MB showed no comparable relief. Based on \nconcerns of the EEG, MB 139 was reevaluated. Borns (1985) found less relief on the upper surface of the MB in the areas they examined; he also concluded that depositional processes \nwere responsible for the relief. In both cases, deformation is not thought to have caused the \nrelief on MB 139. \nFor the investigation of geologic factors related to hydraulic properties of the Culebra, Powers \n(2002a; 2002b; 2003a) constructed elevation maps of the top of the Culebra for the region \naround the WIPP site. A simplified version (Figure 2-28) showing the eleva tions of the top of \nthe Culebra in meters above mean sea level (m amsl) illustrates that deformation of the Castile propagated upward through the Cule bra to the northeas t of the WIPP site, forming a northwest-\nsoutheast trending anticline informally term ed “the Divide anticline.” Across the \nMarch 2004 2-74 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nTownship,\nRange corneroutcrops\nPaduca\nField\nExplanation\nUTM coordinates (m) for Zone 13 (NAD27) are provided for easting and northing.\nThe contours for the elevation of the top of the Culebra are in meters (m) above mean sea\nlevel (amsl) (after Powers et al. 2003). Contour interval is 20 m.Pierce\nCanyon\n 1 \n2 Figure 2-28. Elevations of the To p of the Culebra Dolomite Member \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-75 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 \n15 16 \n17 18 19 20 21 WIPP site, the Culebra is slightly deformed by th e deeper deformation, and the “disturbed zone” \ndefined earlier geophysically is sl ightly evident at this horizon. \n2.1.6.1.3 Deformation Mechanisms \nIn analyzing Castile structure in the northern De laware Basin, Borns et al. (1983, p. 3) proposed \nfive processes as the principal hypotheses to explain the structure: gravity foundering, \ndissolution, gravity sliding, gypsum dehydration, and depositional processes. Gravity foundering \nis the most comprehensive and best-accepted hypothesi s of the five. It is based on the fact that \nanhydrite is much more dense (about 2.9 g/cm3) than halite (about 2.1 g/cm3), and anhydrite beds \ntherefore have a potential for si nking into underlying halite. Regardless of which mechanism \ncaused the disturbed zone, the important consider ation is the long-term future effects. To \nevaluate this, Borns et al. (1983) postulated that both gravity-driven deformation mechanisms could be ongoing. The strain rates from such deformation are such that deformation would \nprogress over the next 250,000 years and that such deformation woul d not directly jeopardize the \ndisposal system. \n2.1.6.1.4 Timing of Deformation of the Disturbed Zone at the Site \nJones (1981a, p. 18) estimated that deformation of the Castile and ove rlying rocks took place \nbefore the Ogallala Formation was deposited, as he believes the unit is undeformed. Anderson \nand Powers (1978, p. 79) inferred that data from ERDA-6 indicate that the Castile was deformed \nafter the basin was tilted. Though these lines of evidence could be consistent with mid-Miocene \ndeformation, there are other in terpretations consistent with older deformation. There is no \nknown evidence of surface deformation or othe r features to indicate recent deformation. \n22 \n23 \n24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 \n37 38 \n39 40 2.1.6.2 Evaporite Dissolution \nBecause evaporites are much more soluble than most other rock s, project investigators have \nconsidered it important to understand the dissolu tion processes and rates that occur within the \nsite being considered for long-term isolation. These dissolution processes and rates constitute the limiting factor in any evaluation of the site. Over the course of the WIPP project, extensive \nresources have been committed to identify and study a variety of features in southeastern New Mexico interpreted to have been caused by dissolu tion. The subsurface distribution of halite for \nvarious units has been mapped. Several different kinds of surface features have been attributed to dissolution of salt or karst formation. The processes proposed or id entified include point-\nsource (brecciation), deep dissolution, shallow dissolution, and karst. These are each discussed in more detail in CCA Appendix DEF, Section DEF.3. Screening arguments relative to dissolution are presented in Appendix PA, Att achment SCR, FEPs N17 and N21 (including \ndissolution associated with abandoned boreholes in the discussion for FEP H34). These \narguments are based principally on the observed rates and processes in the region. These are \ndescribed below. \n2.1.6.2.1 Brief History of Project Studies \nWell before the WIPP project, several geologists recognized that dissolution is an important \nprocess in southeastern New Mexico, and that it contributed to the subsurface distribution of \nhalite and to the surficial features. Early studies include those by Lee (1925), Maley and \nMarch 2004 2-76 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 \n7 \n8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 \n15 \n16 17 18 19 20 \n21 \n22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 \n30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 \n38 \n39 40 41 42 Huffington (1953), and Olive ( 1957) Robinson and Lang (1938, p. 100) identified an area under \nNash Draw where brine occurred at about th e stratigraphic position of the upper Salado-basal \nRustler and considered that salt had been disso lved to produce a dissolu tion residue. Vine (1963, \np. B38 and B40) mapped Nash Draw and surroundi ng areas. Vine (1963) reported surficial \ndomal structures, later called breccia pipes and identified as deep-seated dissolution and collapse features. \nAs the USGS and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) began to survey southeastern New \nMexico as an area in which to locate a repository site in salt, Brokaw et al. (1972) prepared a \nsummary of the geology that included solution and subsidence as significant processes in \ncreating the features of southeastern New Mexico. Brokaw et al. (1972) also recognized a \nsolution residue at the top of the salt in the Sala do in the Nash Draw area, and the unit commonly \nbecame known as the brine aquifer because it yielded brine. Brokaw et al. (1972) also \ninterpreted the east-west decrease in thickness of the Rustler to be a consequence of removal by \ndissolution of halite and other soluble minerals. \nDuring the early 1970s, the basic ideas about sha llow dissolution of salt (generally from higher \nstratigraphic units and within a fe w hundred feet of the surface) were set out in a series of \nreports, as discussed in the following sections. Piper (1973; 1974) inde pendently evaluated the \ngeological survey data for ORNL . Claiborne and Gera (1974) concluded that salt was being \ndissolved too slowly from the near-surface units to affect a repository for several million years, \nat least. \nBy 1978, shallower drilling around the WIPP site to evaluate potash resources was interpreted by Jones (1978, p. 9), who felt that the Rustler included “dissolution debris, convergence of beds, \nand structural evidence for subsidence.” Halite in the Rustler has been reevaluated by the DOE, \nbut there are only minor differences in inferred distributions among the various investigators. \nThese investigators do have different explanations about how this distribution occurred (see Section 2.1.3.5 on Rustler stratigrap hy): (1) through extensive dissolu tion of the Rustler’s halite \nafter the Rustler was deposited, or (2) through sy ndepositional dissolution of halite from saline \nmud flat environments during Rustler deposition. \nAnderson (1978) and Anderson et al. (1978) reevaluated halite distribution in deeper units, \nespecially the Castile and Salado formations. They identified local anomalies proposed as \nfeatures developed after deep dissolution of halite by water fl owing upward from the underlying \nBell Canyon. Anderson (1978) mapped geophysical l og signatures of the Ca stile and interpreted \nlateral thinning and change from halite to non-h alite lithology as evidence of lateral dissolution \nof deeper units (part of deep dissolution), and proposed that d eep dissolution might threaten the \nWIPP site. In response to Anderson’s (1978) developing concepts, ERDA-10 was drilled south \nof the WIPP area during the la tter part of 1977. ERDA-10 intercepted a stratigraphic sequence \nwithout evidence of solution re sidues in the upper Castile. \nA set of annular or ring fractures is evident in the surface around San Simon Sink, about 30 km \n(18 mi) east of the WIPP site. Nicholson a nd Clebsch (1961, p. 14) sugge sted that San Simon \nSink developed as a result of deep-seated collapse. WIPP-15 was drilled at about the center of \nthe sink to a depth of 245 m (811 ft) to obtain samples for paleoclimatic data and stratigraphic \ndata to interpret collapse. Anderson (1978) and Bachman (1980) both in terpret San Simon Sink \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-77 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 \n9 \n10 \n11 12 13 14 15 as dissolution and collapse features, and the annular fractures are not considered evidence of \ntectonic activity. \nFollowing the work by Anderson, Bachman (1980, 1981) mapped surficial features in the Pecos \nValley, especially at Nash Draw, and differentiate d between those surface features in the basin \nthat were formed by karst and those that were formed by deep collapse features over the Capitan. WIPP-32, WIPP-33, and two boreholes over the Capita n Reef were eventually drilled. Their \ndata, which demonstrated the concepts propos ed by Bachman (1980, 1981), are documented in \nSnyder et al. (1982, p. 65). \nA final program concerning dissolution and karst was initiated following a microgravity survey \nof a portion of the site during 1980. Based on localized low-gravit y anomalies, Barrows et al. \n(1983) interpreted several areas w ithin the site as locat ions of karst. WIPP-14 was drilled during \n1981 at a low-gravity anomaly. It revealed normal stratigraphy th rough the zones proposed to be \naffected by karst. As a follow-up, Bachman ( 1985) also reexamined surface features around the \nWIPP and concluded that there was no evidence for active karst within the WIPP site. The nearest karst feature is northwest of the site boundaries at WIPP-33. \n16 \n17 \n18 19 \n20 \n21 22 23 \n24 \n25 \n26 27 28 29 30 31 2.1.6.2.2 Extent of Dissolution \nWithin the Rustler, dissolution of halite is believed to have occurred only near the depositional margins, as discussed in Section 2.1.3.5. Figur e 2-15 shows the only two areas where evidence \nhas been found for halite dissolution from the M3/H3 horizon in the Tamarisk. \nUpper intervals of the Salado thin dramatically west and south of the WIPP site (Figure 2-29) \ncompared to deeper Salado intervals. There ar e no cores for further consideration of possible \ndepositional variations. As a cons equence, this zone of thinning is interpreted by the DOE as the \nedge of dissolution of the upper Salado. \n2.1.6.2.3 Timing of Dissolution \nThe dissolution of Ochoan evaporites through th e near-surface processes of weathering and \ngroundwater recharge has been studied exte nsively (Anderson 1981; Lambert 1983a; Lambert \n1983b; Bachman 1984; and CCA Appendix FAC) . The work of Lambert (1983a) was \nspecifically mandated by the agreement between the DOE and the state of New Mexico to \nevaluate in detail the conceptual models of evaporite dissolution proposed by Anderson (1981). \nThere was no clear consensus among investigators on the volume of rock salt removed. Hence, \n \nMarch 2004 2-78 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-29. Isopach from the Base of MB 103 to the Top of the Salado \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-79 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 \n25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 \n30 \n31 \n32 \n33 34 35 36 37 38 \n39 40 \n41 42 estimates of the instantaneous rate of dissoluti on vary significantly. Di ssolution may have taken \nplace as early as the Ochoan, during or shortly after deposition. For the Delaware Basin as a whole, Anderson (1981) proposed that up to 40 percen t of the rock salt in the Castile and Salado \nformations was dissolved during the past 600,000 years. Lambert (1983b, p. 292) suggested that \nin many places the variations in salt-bed thicknes ses inferred from borehol e geophysical logs that \nwere the basis for Anderson’s (1981) calculati on were depositional in origin, compensated by \nthickening of adjacent nonhalite beds, and were not associated with the characteristic dissolution \nresidues. Borns and Shaffer (1985, p. 44 – 45) al so suggested in 1985 a depositional origin for \nmany apparent structural features attributed to dissolution. \nSnyder (1985, p. 8), as well as earlier worker s (for example, Vine 1963; Lambert 1983b; and \nBachman 1984), attribute the variations in thickness in the Rustler, which crops out in Nash Draw, to postdepositional evaporite dissolution. Holt and Powers (CCA Appendix FAC, p. 9-2) \nhave challenged this view and attribute the east- to-west thinning of salt beds in the Rustler to \ndepositional facies variability rather than postdepositional dissolution. Bachman (1974, 1976, \n1980) envisioned several episodes of dissolution since the Triassic, each dominated by greater \ndegrees of evaporite exhumation and a wetter clim ate, interspersed with episodes of evaporite \nburial and/or a drier climate. Evidence for disso lution after deposition of the Salado and before \ndeposition of the Rustler along the western pa rt of the Basin was cited by Adams (1944, p. \n1612). Others have argued that the evaporites in the Delaware Basin were above sea level and \ntherefore potentially subject to dissolution, during the Triassic, Ju rassic, Tertiary, and Quaternary \nperiods. Because of disconti nuous deposition, not all of thes e times are separable in the \ngeological record of southeastern New Mexico. Bachman (1980) contends that dissolution was \nepisodic during the past 225 million years as a function of regiona l base level, climate, and \noverburden. \nThere have been several attempts to estimate the rates of shallow dissolution in the basin. \nBachman (1974) provided initial estimates of disso lution rates based on a r econstruction of Nash \nDraw relationships, including the observation th at portions of the Gat uña were deposited over \nareas of active disso lution and subsidence of the underlying evaporites. Though these rates \nindicate no hazard to the WIPP related to Nash Draw dissolution, Bachman (1980, p. 85) later reconsidered the Nash Draw re lationships and concluded that pre-Cenozoic dissolution had also \ncontributed to salt removal. Thus, the initial estimated rates were too high. \nWith regard to deep dissolution, Anderson conclu ded in 1978 that the integrity of the WIPP to \nisolate radioactive waste would not be jeopardized by dissolution within about one million years. \nAnderson and Kirkland (1980, pp. 66 - 69) expanded on the concept of brine density flow proposed by Anderson (1978) as a means of dissolving evaporites at a point by circulating water \nfrom the underlying Bell Canyon. Wood et al . (1982, p. 100) examined the mechanism and \nconcluded that, while it was phys ically feasible, it would not be effective enough in removing \nsalt to threaten the ability of the WI PP to isolate transuranic (TRU) waste. \n2.1.6.2.4 Features Related to Dissolution \nBachman (1980, p. 97) separated breccia pipes, fo rmed over the Capitan Reef by dissolution and \ncollapse of a cylindrical mass of rock, from evaporit e karst features that appear similar to breccia \npipes. There are surficial kars t features, including sinks and caves, in large areas of the basin. \nMarch 2004 2-80 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 \n11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 \n26 \n27 \n28 \n29 \n30 \n31 \n32 \n33 34 Nash Draw is the result of combined dissoluti on and erosion. Within the site boundaries, there \nare no known surficial features caused by dissolution or karst. \nThe subsurface structure of the Culebra is show n in Figure 2-28. South of the WIPP site, an \nantiformal structure informally called the “R emuda Basin anticline” has been created by \ndissolution of salt from the underl ying Salado to the southwest of the anticline. Beds generally \ndip to the east, and salt removed to the west created the other limb of the structure. Units below \nthe evaporites apparently do not show the same structure. \n2.2 Surface Water and Groundwater Hydrology \nThe DOE has determined that the hydrological characteristics of the disposal system are \nimportant because contaminant transport via fluid flow has a potential to impact the performance \nof the disposal system. In addition, the EPA has provided numerous criteria related to \ngroundwater in 40 CFR § 194.14(a). At the WIPP site, one of the DOE’s selection criteria was to choose a location that would minimize this impact. This was accomplished when the DOE \nselected (1) a host formation that contains little groundwater and tr ansmits it poorly, (2) a \nlocation where the effects of groundwater flow ar e minimal and predictable, (3) an area where \ngroundwater use is low, (4) an area where ther e are no permanent surface waters, (5) an area \nwhere future groundwater use is unlikely, and (6) a repository host rock that will not likely be \naffected by anticipated possible long-ter m climate changes within 10,000 years. \nThe following discussion summarizes the characteri stics of the groundwater and surface water at \nand around the WIPP site. This summary is ba sed on data collection programs that were \ninitiated with the WIPP program and that continue to some extent today. The purpose of these \nprograms was to provide information sufficient fo r the development and use of predictive models \nof the groundwater movement at the WIPP site. \nFor a comprehensive understanding of the im pact of groundwater and surface water on the \ndisposal system, the following f actors have been evaluated: \nGroundwater \n• Horizontal and vertical flow fluxes and velocities, \n• Hydraulic interconnectivity between rock units, \n• Hydraulic parameters (porosity, etc.), \n• General groundwater use, and \n• Chemistry (including, but not limited to, sa linity, mineralization, age, Eh, and pH). \nSurface Water \n• Regional precipitation and ev apotranspiration rates, \n• Location and size of surface-water bodies, \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-81 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 \n6 7 \n8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 \n15 \n16 \n17 18 19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 27 28 \n29 \n30 \n31 32 33 34 35 36 37 • Water volume, flow rate, and direction, \n• Drainage network, \n• Hydraulic connection with groundwater, \n• Soil hydraulic properties (infiltration), and \n• General water chemistry and use. \nChanges to the hydrological system due to human activity are evaluated in Chapter 6.0. \nThe specifics of groundwater modeling are f ound in Section 6.4.6, Appendix PA, Attachment \nMASS, Section MASS.14.2. The hydrological system is divided into four segments for the \ndiscussion in this chapter. These are: (1) the rock units below the Salado, which may impact the \ndisturbed (human intrusion) pe rformance of the disposal syst em, (2) the Salado, which mostly \naddresses the undisturbed performa nce of the disposal system, (3) the rock units above the \nSalado, which essentially impact only the disturbed (human intrusion) performance of the disposal system, and (4) the surface waters. The groundwater regime is discussed in \nSection 2.2.1, and the surface-water regime in Section 2.2.2. \nThe WIPP site lies within the Pecos River dr ainage area (Figure 2- 23, see also Section 2.2.2, \nFigure 2-43). As discussed in the Final E nvironmental Impact Statement (FEIS) (DOE 1980, \nSection 7.1.1), the climate is semiarid, with a mean annual precipitation of about 0.33 m (13 in.), \na mean annual runoff of 2.5 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in.), and a mean annual pan evaporation of more \nthan 2.5 m (100 in.). Runoff is practically nonexistent and the WIPP does not have a well \ndefined drainage pattern. The general movement of runoff can be inferred from the topography \nin Figure 2-23. Only one stream flow gaging station has been operated in the vicinity. This is at \nthe location shown as Hill Tank in Figure 2-23. Ob servations at Hill Tank are discussed in \nSection 2.2.2. \nAdditional information about climatic conditions at the WIPP is given in Section 2.5.2. Brackish \nwater with total dissolved solids (TDS) concentr ations of more than 3,000 parts per million is \ncommon in the shallow wells near the WIPP s ite. Surface waters typically have high TDS \nconcentrations, particularly of chloride, sulfat e, sodium, magnesium, and calcium. Additional \ninformation about water quality is given in Section 2.4.2. \n2.2.1 Groundwater Hydrology \nAt the WIPP site, the DOE has obtained groundw ater hydrologic data from conventional and \nspecial-purpose test configurations in multiple surface boreholes. Geophysical logging of the \nboreholes has provided hydrologic information on the rock strata intercepted. Pressure \nmeasurements, fluid samples, and ranges of rock permeability have been obtained for selected formations through the use of standard and modified drill-stem tests. Slug injection or withdrawal tests and other flow -rate tests have provided data to aid in the estimation of \ntransmissivity and storage. The hydraulic he ads of groundwaters within many water-bearing \nzones in the region have been mapped from measur ed depths to water in the boreholes. Since the \nMarch 2004 2-82 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 \n18 \n19 20 21 22 23 24 \n25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 \n33 \n34 \n35 CCA was submitted to the EPA in 1996, the DOE has implemented a number of monitoring \nprograms (see Appendix MON-2004), including the Groundwater Monitoring Program, to meet \nthe assurance requirements of 40 CFR § 191.14(b). In addition to the groundwater monitoring program, other hydrologic data gathered si nce the CCA come from logging of new or \nreplacement wells, piezometers, special-purpose fi eld investigations, a nd surveys of drilling \npractices in the Delaware Basin. A data summar y of all these activities is provided in Appendix \nDATA. \nHistorically, the DOE has obtained hydrological data principally from a conventional well-\nmonitoring network (Figures 2-3 through 2-6 are maps of the we ll locations) comprising 71 wells \nlocated on 45 separate wellpads (DOE 2003). Most of the 71 wells are completed only to a single hydrologic unit; however, six are multiple-completions to allow monitoring of two or more units in the same well. Hydrologic information (such as hydraulic head) is obtained at 80 completion intervals within the 71 wells. The fo cus of the hydrological monitoring is the Rustler \n(comprising 72 of the 80 monitored intervals) becau se this formation contains two of the most \ntransmissive saturated units, the Culebra and Magenta Dolomites, which are important to the modeling of releases during various human intrus ion scenarios. Limited hydrological monitoring \nof the Bell Canyon, Dewey Lake, and Santa Rosa also occurs. \nRock units that are shown in the conceptual mode ls in Section 6.4 to be important to disposal \nsystem performance from a hydrological standpoint are the Castile, the Salado, the Rustler, and \nthe Dewey Lake (Figures 2-30 and 2-31). However, other units which are discussed due to their \nsignificance in screening hydrologi cal processes or because they are less important to the \nconceptual model include the Bell Canyon, the Ca pitan, the Rustler-Salado contact zone, and the \nsupra-Dewey Lake units. These will also be discussed because they are features of the groundwater flow system of the WIPP region. \nThe Bell Canyon is of interest to the DOE becau se it is the first regionally continuous water-\nbearing unit beneath the WIPP and is the target stratigraphic horizon for salt-water injection by \nindustry outside of the WIPP site boundary. The halite and anhydrite la yers of the Castile \nprovide a hydrologic barrier between the Sala do and the underlying Bell Canyon. The Castile is \nof interest to PA because it contains isolated high-permeability zones containing pressurized \nbrine. As discussed in Section 2.1.6.1, several such zones of pressurized brine have been intercepted by boreholes near the WIPP site, and one or more of these zones may exist at the \nWIPP site. \nThe Salado comprises low-permeability beds of va riable composition. The low permeability of \nthe Salado provides a hydrologic barrier in all directions between the repository and the \naccessible environment or more transmissive be ds. At the repository horizon, a much higher \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-83 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nFigure 2-30. Schematic West-East Cross Section through the North Delaware Basin \n1 \n2 \nFigure 2-30. Schematic West-East Cross Section through the North Delaware Basin \nMarch 2004 2-84 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 \n16 \n17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Figure 2-31. Schematic North-South Cross Section through the North Delaware Basin \npermeability DRZ forms locally in the salt ar ound the waste emplacement rooms and operational \ndrifts. As described in Appendix DATA, the DRZ is of limited extent compared to the \nsignificant thickness of the Salado low-permeab ility beds surrounding the repository horizon. \nThe Rustler contains two laterally transmissive members. The Culebra is the first laterally \ncontinuous unit located above the WIPP underground facility to display hydraulic conductivity \nsufficient to warrant investigation for lateral c ontaminant transport. It is also the most \ntransmissive continuously saturated unit above the WIPP repository. Ther efore, except for a \nrelease directly to the surface, the Culebra provides the most direct pathway between the WIPP \nunderground and the accessible environment. The hydrology and fluid geochemistry of the \nCulebra are complex and, as a result, have rece ived a great deal of study (see, for example, \nLaVenue et al. 1988, 1990; Haug et al. 1987; and Siegel et al. 1991. The Magenta, although \nmore transmissive than the anhydrite and claystone members of the Rustler, has lower \ntransmissivity than the Culebra, and is unfractured at the WIPP. \nThere was no inflow of water from the Dewey Lake into the WIPP shafts after they were completed and prior to their lining, indicating unsaturated conditions or low transmissivity. \nHowever, since 1995, routine insp ections of the WIPP exhaust shaft have revealed water \nentering the shaft at a depth of approximately 24 m (80 ft) at a location where no water had been \nobserved during construction (the DOE is investigat ing the source and extent of this water; see \nSections 2.2.1.4.2.1 and Appendix DATA). The quant ity and quality of water in the Dewey \nLake is also monitored in a deeper fractured zone in the Dewey Lake at well WQSP-6a (WIPP \nMOC 1995). \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-85 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 \n14 The Santa Rosa is shallow and unsaturated at the site (with the exception of a perched water \ntable directly below the WIPP surface stru ctures; see Section 2.2.1.4.2.2 and Appendix DATA), \nand apparently receives rech arge only through infiltration. \nIn conclusion, at the WIPP site, the DOE r ecognizes the Salado as the most significant \nnontransmissive unit and the Culebra and the Magent a as the most significant transmissive units. \nOther units are considered to ha ve less important roles. The DOE’s sampling and analysis of \nnon-Salado groundwater has focused on the Cu lebra and Magenta, and their hydrologic \nbackground, presented here, is more detailed th an for other non-Salado rock units. Table 2-4 \nprovides an overview of the hydrologic characteristic s of the Rustler rock units at the WIPP site \nand the Rustler-Salado contact zone in Nash Draw . In developing this position on modeling the \nhydrology of the WIPP, the DOE considered several modeling approaches. These are \nsummarized in CCA Appendix MASS, Secti on MASS.14.1 in general and Section MASS.15.1 \nfor the Culebra. The DOE’s conceptual models for hydrology are in Sections 6.4.5 and 6.4.6. \nTable 2-4. Hydrologic Characteristics of th e Rustler at the WIPP and in Nash Draw \nThickness \n(meters) Transmissivity \n(square meters per second) Porosity \nMember \nmax min max min max min \nForty-niner 23 13 8 × 10-83 × 10-9— — \nMagenta 8.5 7 4 × 10-41 × 10-90.25 0 \nTamarisk 56 26 2.7 × 10-11— — — \nCulebra 11.6 4 1 × 10-31 × 10-90.30 0.03 \nLos Medaños 38 29 2.9 × 10-102.2 × 10-13— — \nRustler-Salado \nContact Zone in Nash Draw 18 3 8.6 × 10-63.2 × 10-110.33 0.15 \n15 16 17 18 19 20 21 \n22 \n23 24 25 26 27 28 The EPA sought information supporting the conceptualiz ation of the dispos al system and the \nmajor site-related characteristics included in the PA modeling during the compliance review process for Section 194.14(a)(3). In general, the EPA concl uded that the groundwater hydrology \ninformation for the various geologic and hydrostra tigraphic units at the WI PP site identified the \nimportant characteristics of the PA and was therefore technically sufficient. The EPA also noted \nthat the primary hydrogeol ogic units of concern relative to containment capability of the WIPP \nare the Castile, Salado, Rustler, and the Dewey Lake. \nThe EPA noted that the potential for fluid migration through Sala do marker beds and the Culebra \nwere acknowledged by DOE and included in the PA calculations. While the Dewey Lake is a potential underground source of drinking water (Section 8.2.2), DOE’s m odeling indicated that \nradionuclides will not reach the Dewey Lake, th us removing the formation as a unit needing \nconsideration as a pathway (Docket A-93-02, It em II-G-26 and Docket A-93-02, Item II-G-28). \nThe EPA concluded that Salado marker beds, an d the Culebra were adequately identified and \ncharacterized to the level n ecessary for PA calculations. \nMarch 2004 2-86 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 \n7 \n8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 \n30 31 32 33 34 \n35 \n36 37 38 39 40 41 2.2.1.1 Conceptual Models of Groundwater Flow \nThe DOE addresses issues relate d to groundwater flow and radi onuclide transport within the \ncontext of a conceptual model of how the natural hydrologic system works on a large scale. The \nconceptual model of regional flow around the WIPP that is presented here is based on widely accepted concepts of regional groundwater flow in groundwater basins (see, for example, \nHubbert 1940; Tóth 1963; and Freeze and Witherspoon 1967). \nSee CCA Appendix MASS, Sections MASS.14.1 and MASS.14.2 for a summary of the DOE’s \nactivities leading to the acceptance of th e groundwater basin model as a reasonable \nrepresentation of groundwater flow in the region. \nAn idealized groundwater basin is a three-dimensional closed hydrologic unit bounded on the bottom by an impermeable rock unit (units with much smaller permeability than the units above), \non the top by the ground surface, and on the sides by groundwater divides. The water table is the upper boundary of the region of saturated liquid flow . All rocks in the basin are expected to \nhave finite permeability; in other words, hydraulic continuity exists throughout the basin. This \nmeans that the potential for liquid flow from any unit to any other units exists, although the \nexistence of any particular flow path is dependent on a number of conditions related to gradients and permeabilities. All recharge to the basin is by infiltration of precipitation to the water table \nand all discharge from the basin is by flow across the water table to the land surface. \nDifferences in elevation of the water table across an idealized basin provide the driving force for \ngroundwater flow. The pattern of groundwater flow depends on the lateral extent of the basin, \nthe shape of the water table, and the heterogeneity of the permeability of the rocks in the basin. \nWater flows along gradients of hydraulic head from re gions of high head to regions of low head. \nThe highest and lowest heads in the basin occur at the water table at its highest and lowest \npoints, respectively. Therefore, groundwater flows from the elevated regions of the water table, \ndownward across confining layers (layers with rela tively small permeability), then laterally along \nmore conductive layers, and finally upward to ex it the basin in regions where the water table \n(and by association, the land surface) is at low elev ations. Recharge is necessary to maintain \nrelief on the water table, without which flow does not occur. \nGroundwater divides are boundaries across which it is assumed that no groundwater flow occurs. \nIn general, these are located in areas where gr oundwater flow is dominantly downward (recharge \nareas) or where groundwater flow is upward (discharge areas). Topography and surface-water drainage patterns provide clues to the location of groundwater divides. Ridges between creeks \nand valleys may serve as recharge-type divides, and rivers, lakes, or topographic depressions \nmay serve as discharge-type divides. \nIn the groundwater basin model, rocks can be classified into hydros tratigraphic units. A \nhydrostratigraphic unit is a continuous region of rock ac ross which hydraulic properties are \nsimilar or vary within described or stated lim its. The definition of hydrostratigraphic units is a \npractical exercise to separate rock regions with similar hydr ologic characteristics from rock \nregions with dissimilar hydrologi c characteristics. Although hydrostratigraphic units often are \ndefined to be similar to stratigraphic units, this need not be the case. Hydrostratigraphic unit \nboundaries can reflect changes in hydraulic prope rties related to differences in composition, \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-87 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 \n14 \n15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 \n30 \n31 32 33 34 35 \n36 \n37 38 39 40 41 42 43 fracturing, dissolution, or a variety of other factors that may not be reflected in the definition of \nstratigraphic formations. \nConfining layers in a groundwater basin model can be characteri zed as allowing vertical flow \nonly. The amount of vertical flow occurring in a confining layer generally decreases in relation to the depth of the layer. Flow in conductive unit s is more complicated. In general, flow will be \nlateral through conductive units. The magnitude (in other words, volume flux) of lateral flow is \nrelated to the thickness, conduc tivity, and gradient pr esent in the unit. Gradients generally \ndecrease in deeper units. The direction of flow is generally related to the distance the unit is \nfrom the land surface. Near the land surface, fl ow directions are influenced primarily by the \nlocal slope of the land surface. In deeper conductiv e units, flow directions are generally oriented \nparallel to the direction betw een the highest and lowest point s in a groundwater basin. Thus, \nflow rates, volumes, and directions in conductiv e units in a groundwater basin are generally not \nexpected to be the same. \nIn the WIPP region, the Salado provides an extr emely low-permeability layer that forms the base \nfor a regional groundwater-flow basin in the overl ying rocks of the Rustler, Dewey Lake, and \nSanta Rosa. The Castile and Salado together form their own groundwater system, and they \nseparate flow in units above them from that in units below. Because of the plastic nature of \nhalite and the resulting low perm eability, fluid pressures in the evaporites are more related to \nlithostatic stress than to the shape of the water ta ble in the overlying units, and regionally neither \nvertical nor horizontal flow will occur as a result of natural pressure gradients in time scales \nrelevant to the disposal system. (On a reposit ory scale, however, the excavations themselves \ncreate pressure gradients that may induce flow n ear the excavated region.) Consistent with the \nrecognition of the Salado as the base of the gr oundwater basin of primary interest, the following \ndiscussion is divided into thr ee sections: hydrology of units below the Salado, hydrology of the \nSalado, and hydrology of the units above the Salado. The DOE has implemented the groundwater basin model in the conceptual mode l for groundwater flow within the rocks above \nthe Salado. The details of the model are disc ussed in Section 6.4.6. Key modeling assumptions \nassociated with the implementation are provide d in Appendix PA, Attachment MASS, Section \nMASS.14.2. \nTechnical issues related to the Castile brin e, Salado marker bed permeability, and Culebra \nhydraulic properties (e.g., transmi ssivity variation) we re raised by the EPA in a letter dated \nDecember 19, 1996 (Docket A-93-02, Item II-I-01) . The DOE provided additional information \nregarding these issues in lett ers dated January 24, 1997; Februa ry 7, 1997; April 15, 1997; June \n13, 1997; June 27, 1997; and July 3, 1997 (Docke t A-93-02, Items II-I-0 3, II-I-07, II-I-24, II-H-\n44, II-H-45, and II-H-46, respectively). \nA request was made in the December 19, 1996 EPA letter (Docket A-93-02, Item II-I-01) that DOE provide general hydraulic characteristic information for all geologic units within the \ndisposal system by revising a partially complete table included in the le tter. The DOE letter, \ndated February 14, 1997 (Docket A-93-02, Item II-I-08), transmitted the summary table providing the EPA with additi onal groundwater hydrology information related to hydraulic \nconductivity, storage coefficients, transmissiv ity, permeability, thickness, matrix and fracture \ncharacteristics, and hydraulic gradients for each of the geologic units in the WIPP disposal \nsystem. This information was reproduced as Fi gure IV-10 in EPA Tech nical Support Document \nMarch 2004 2-88 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 for Section 194.14: Content of Compliance Certif ication Application (Docket A-93-02, Item V-\nB-3). \nIn addition, the EPA in the December 19, 1996 EPA letter (Docket A-93-02, Item II-I-01) \nrequired the DOE to include the following in the discussion of conceptual models for \ngroundwater flow: (1) the estimated infiltration at the surface and to the Dewey Lake, and (2) the \nestimated vertical flow of gr oundwater into other transmissive units within the area surrounding \nthe WIPP. The DOE provided the estimates in a letter dated February 26, 1997 (Docket A-93-\n02, Item II-I-10) to EPA. \n9 \n10 11 12 13 \n14 15 \n16 17 18 \n19 \n20 \n21 \n22 23 \n24 \n25 26 27 28 29 30 \n31 \n32 \n33 \n34 35 36 37 38 39 40 2.2.1.2 Units Below the Salado \nUnits of interest to the WIPP project below the Salado are the Bell Canyon and the Castile. These units have quite different hydrologic characteristics. Because of its potential to contain \nbrine reservoirs below the repository, the hydrology of the Castile is regarded as having the most \npotential of all units below the Salado to impact the performa nce of the disposal system. \n2.2.1.2.1 Hydrology of the Bell Canyon Formation \nThe Bell Canyon is considered for the purposes of regional groundwater flow to form a single \nhydrostratigraphic unit a bout 300 m (1,000 ft) thick. Tests at five boreholes (Atomic Energy \nCommission [AEC]-7, AEC-8, ERDA-10, DOE-2, and Cabin Baby [CB]-1) (CCA Appendix \nHYDRO, pp. 29-31; Beauheim et al. 1983, pp. 4-9 to 4-12; Beauheim 1986, p. 61-1]) indicate a \nrange of hydraulic conductivities for the Bell Canyon from 1.7 × 10-7 to 3.5 × 10-12 m/s (5 × \n10-2 ft/day to 1 × 10-6 ft/day). The pressure measured in the Bell Canyon at the DOE-2 and \nCB-1 boreholes at the time of the CCA ranged from 12.6 to 13.3 megapascals. Under the current \ngroundwater-monitoring program, Bell Canyon water le vels are measured in only two wells: CB-\n1 and AEC-8 (see locations in Figure 2-6). \nAfter recovery from well work in 1999, the Bell Canyon water levels at CB-1 have remained steady for more that three year s at 919 m (3,015 ft) above mean sea level (SNL 2003a). In \ncontrast, since the beginning of 1994, the Bell Canyon water levels at AEC-8 have steadily risen \nby more than 32 m (106 ft) at a rate of approximately 0.5 m/month (1.6 ft/month) and stood at \nover 933.4 m (3,062 ft) above mean sea level (SNL 2003a) at the end of 2002. This water-level \nrise is hypothesized to be the resu lt of deterioration of the well and not a response to actual Bell \nCanyon hydrologic conditions at this location. Th e well will be inspected and repaired or \nplugged and abandoned, as necessary, according to the requirements of DOE’s groundwater monitoring program (see Appendix MON-2004). \nFluid flow in the Bell Canyon is markedly infl uenced by the presence of the extremely low-\npermeability Castile and Salado above it, whic h effectively isolate the Bell Canyon from \ninteraction with overlying units except where the Castile is absent because of erosion or nondeposition, such as in the Guadalupe Mountains, or where the Capitan Reef is the overlying \nunit (Figures 2-30 and 2-31). Because of the isol ating nature of the Castile and Salado, fluid \nflow directions in the Bell Canyon are sensitiv e only to gradients esta blished over very long \ndistances. At the WIPP, the brines in the Bell Canyon flow northeasterly under an estimated \nhydraulic gradient of 4.7 to 7.6 m/km (25 to 40 ft/mi) and discharge into the Capitan aquifer. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-89 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 12 13 \n14 \n15 \n16 \n17 18 19 20 21 22 \n23 24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 \n32 \n33 \n34 \n35 36 37 Velocities are on the order of tenths of feet pe r year, and groundwater yields from wells in the \nBell Canyon are 2.3 to 5.8 liters (0.6 to 1.5 gallons) pe r minute. The fact that flow directions in \nthe Bell Canyon under the WIPP are in ferred to be almost opposite to the flow directions in units \nabove the Salado (see Section 2.2.1.4) is not of concern because, as discussed above, the \npresence of the Castile and Salado makes the flow in the Bell Canyon sensitive to gradients established over long distances, whereas flow in the units above the Salado is sensitive to \ngradients established by more local va riations in water table elevation. \nAs discussed in Appendix DATA, oil companies are currently involved in deep-well injection at \nseveral locations outside of the WIPP site boundary. Specifically, salt water (brine) produced \nduring oil-field exploitation is injected in to the Bell Canyon and Brushy Canyon Formations. \nFor nearly four years, the DOE has monitored injection rates and pressures for a cluster of six of these salt water injection wells located approximately 1.6 to 2.4 km (1 to 1.5 mi) northeast of \nwell H-9. Table 2-5 summarizes the depth interval s of the injection zones for each well. The \ncluster of six wells is currently injecting approximately 800 to 950 m\n3 per day (5,000 to 6,000 \nbarrels per day) of salt water; however, in previous years, inj ection has ranged from \napproximately 480 to 1270 m3 per day (3,000 to 8,000 barrels pe r day) (SNL 2003a). Wellhead \ninjection pressures typically range between 5.5 to 6.9 MPa (800 to 1,000 psi). Because only two \nBell Canyon wells are currently be ing monitored, the effect of salt-water injection on Bell \nCanyon water levels is speculative, but water le vels in the Bell Canyon monitoring well nearest \nthe cluster (i.e., CB-1, Figure 2-6) indicate no res ponse to the injection. Additional discussion on \npotential effects of salt-water injection on the WIPP hydrologic setting is provided below in \nSection 2.2.1.4. \n2.2.1.2.2 Castile Hydrology \nAs described in Section 2.1.3, the Castile is dominated by low-permeability anhydrite and halite \nzones. However, fracturing in the upper anhydr ite has generated isolat ed regions with much \ngreater permeability than the surrounding intact anhydrite. Thes e regions are located in the area \nof structural deformation, as discussed in Section 2.1.6.1.1. The higher-permeability regions of \nthe Castile contain brine at pressu res greater than hydrostatic and ha ve been referred to as brine \nreservoirs (see Figure 2-32). The fluid pressure measured by Popiel ak et al. (1983) in the WIPP-\n12 borehole (12.7 megapascals) is greater than the nominal hydrosta tic pressure for a column of \nequivalent brine at that depth (11.1 megapascals). \nTherefore, under open-hole conditions, brin e could flow upward to the surface through a \nborehole. \nResults of hydraulic tests performed in the ERDA-6 and WIPP-12 borehol es suggest that the \nextent of the highly permeable po rtions of the Castile is limite d. As discussed in Section 2.1.3.3 \nand modeled in Section 6.4.8, the vast majority of brine is thought to be stored in low-\npermeability microfractures; about five percent of the overall brine volume is stored in large \nMarch 2004 2-90 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nTable 2-5. Depth Intervals of the Injectio n Zones of Six Salt-Water Injection Wells \nLocated Near Well H-9 (after SNL 2003a) 1 \n2 \nInjection Well Depth Interval of Injection Zone, \nfeet(1)\nCal Mon #5 4,484 – 5,780(2)\nSand Dunes 28F#1(3) 4,295 – 5,570(2)\nPure Gold B F#20(3) 7,740 – 7,774(4)\nTodd 26F#2 4,460 – 5,134(2)\nTodd 26F#3 4,390 – 6,048(2)\nTodd 27F#16 4,694 – 5,284(2)\n(1) Below ground surface, bgs \n(2) Bell Canyon Formation \n(3) Wells hydraulically connected to same manifold \n(4) Brushy Canyon Formation \nopen fractures. The volumes of the ERDA-6 an d WIPP-12 brine reservoirs were estimated by \nPopielak et al. (1983) to be 100,000 m3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 \n18 \n19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 3 (3.5 × 106 ft3) and 2,700,000 m3 (9.5 × 107 ft3), \nrespectively. The conceptual model of the Castil e brine region is discu ssed in Section 6.4.8. The \nmodel uses parameter values derived from th e ERDA-6 and WIPP-12 tests for quantifying some \nreservoir characteristics. The derivation of some model parameters in Appendix PA, Attachment \nPAR, Table PAR-44 from the data discussed here is also given in CCA Appendix MASS, \nSection MASS.18. \nA geophysical survey using time-domain electro magnetic (TDEM) methods was completed over \nthe WIPP-12 brine reservoir and the waste dis posal panels (The Earth Technology Corporation \n1988). The TDEM measurements detected a co nductor interpreted to be the WIPP-12 brine \nreservoir and also indicated that similar brine occurrences may be pres ent within the Castile \nunder a portion of the waste disposal panels. Powe rs et al. (1996) used 354 drill holes and 27 \nCastile brine occurrences to establish that there is an eight percent probability of a hole drilled \ninto the waste panel region encount ering brine in the Castile. This analysis was included as CCA \nAppendix MASS, Attachment 18-6. \nInitially, the EPA found that DOE ’s discussion of the size, or ientation, and repressurization \npotential of the Castile brine reservoirs was not well supported (Docket A-93-02, Item II-I-27). \nThe EPA required the probability of encounterin g a brine reservoir to be sampled between a \nrange of 1 and 60 percent in the PAVT (D ocket A-93-02, Item II-G-26 and Docket A-93-02, \nItem II-G-28). In addition, the EPA modified the values for parameters such as bulk compressibility of Castile rock so that the brin e reservoir sampling used in the PA would better \nrepresent the larger, higher-end possible brine volumes. Further information on the EPA review \nof these parameters may be found in CARD 23—Models and Computer Codes (EPA 1998f), \nEPA Technical Support Document for Section 23 : Models and Computer Codes (Docket A-93-\n02, Item V-B-6), and EPA Technical S upport Document for Section 23: Ground \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-91 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nFigure 2-32. Recent Occurrences of Pressurized Brine in the Castile \n 1 \nMarch 2004 2-92 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 \n21 \n22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 Water Flow and Contaminant Transport Modeling at WIPP (Docket A-93-02, Item V-B-7). The PAVT used modified Castile brin e reservoir characteris tics and showed that the WIPP still meets \nthe containment requirements (Docket A-93-02, Item II-G-26, Figure 7-2). \nBased on these analyses, there was no signifi cant impact on releases over the range of \nprobabilities sampled. However, the DOE identif ied this parameter as a compliance monitoring \nparameter (see Appendix DATA) and conducts annua l surveys as part of the Delaware Basin \nMonitoring Program (see Appendix MON-2004) to id entify Castile brine en counters by drillers \nin the basin. Since the CCA, these surveys have identified five additional brine encounters. \nAppendix DATA provides extensive information pert inent to the brine reservoirs. The Delaware \nBasin Monitoring Annual Report (DOE 2002a), for ex ample, documents three of the five Castile \nbrine encounters. Two were located near well ERDA-6 northeast of the WIPP site and one was \nlocated to the southwest of the site. In the two encounters nort heast of the site, reports indicated \nseveral hundred barrels of brine pe r hour were produced, but all brine was contained within the \npits; thus, it was not necessary to file a report with the New Mexi co Oil Conservation Division. \nIn the other encounter, initial flows of from 64 to 79 m3 (400 to 500 barrels) per hour were \nobserved, but flow dissipated within hours of th e encounter. Because of the relatively large \nnumber of boreholes (345 wells in the nine -township area drilled between 1996 and 2002), the \nfive brine encounters that occurred do not substa ntially change the probability defined by Powers \net al. (1996) and are unlikely to have any significant impact on PA given the large range of \nprobabilities sampled in the PAVT analyses. \nThe origin of brine in the Castile has been investigated geochemically. Popielak et al. (1983, p. \n2) concluded that the ratios of major and minor element concentrati ons in the brines indicate that \nthese fluids originated from ancient seawater a nd that no evidence exists for fluid contribution \nfrom present meteoric waters. The Castile brine chemistries from the ERDA-6 and WIPP-12 \nreservoirs are distinctly di fferent from each other and from local groundwaters. These \ngeochemical data indicate that brine in reservoi rs has not mixed to any significant extent with \nother waters and has not circulate d. The brines are satu rated, or nearly so, with respect to halite \nand, consequently, have little potential to dissolve halite. The chemical composition of Castile brine is given in Table 2-6. It’s the use of the chemical composition of Castile brine as a \nparameter in the conceptual model of repositor y performance is discussed in Appendix PA. \n31 \n32 \n33 34 \n35 \n36 37 38 2.2.1.3 Hydrology of the Salado \nAs described in Section 2.1.3, the Sa lado consists mainly of halite and anhydrite. A considerable \namount of information about the hydraulic properties of these ro cks has been collected through \nfield and laboratory experiments. A ppendix PA summarizes this information. \nHydraulic testing in the Sala do in boreholes in the WIPP underground repository provided \nquantitative estimates of the hydraulic proper ties controlling brine flow through the Salado \n(Beauheim et al. 1991a; Beauheim et al. 1993; Doms ki et al. 1996; Roberts et al. 1999). This \nwork was summarized by Beauheim and Roberts (2002). The stratigraphi c intervals tested \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-93 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nTable 2-6. WIPP Salado and Castile Brine Composition s 1 \n Salado Brine Average \n(n between 82 and 96) Castile \nERDA-6 Castile \nWIPP-12 \nSpecific Gravity 1.22 ± 0.01 1.216 1.215 \npH 6.1 6.17 7.06 \n \nSodium 79100 ± 2,100 112000 138000 \nPotassium 15900 ± 800 3800 2900 \nCalcium 282 ± 38 490 350 \nMagnesium 22700 ± 1,400 450 1600 \nBoron 1450 ± 120 680 990 \nLithium nd 240 280 \nSilicon 1.6 ± 0.7 21 27 \nStrontium 1.6 ± 0.6 18 19 \nAmmonium 148 ± 16 1119 476 \n \nNitrate 0.8 (median) 2746 2436 \nChloride 193000 ± 4,000 170000 178000 \nSulfate 17000 ± 900 16000 18000 \nBromide 1500 ± 60 880 510 \nIodide 14.8 ± 3.1 28 24 \n \nAlkalinity (as HCO 3- equivalent)1883 ± 123 2600 2700 \nTotal Organic Carbon 54 ± 50 nd nd \n \nTotal Dissolved Solids 374000 ± 13,000 330000 328000 \n1 Alkalinity measured to an endpoint pH of 2.5 and expressed as equivalent bicarbonate. \n \nLegend: \nnd not determined \n \nNote: All determinands reported in units of milligrams per liter (mg/L), except for pH and Specific \nGravity. Only determinands with a concentration in excess of 10 mg/L in at least one of the brines \nare shown. Data taken from DOE (1994, Table 3-3) and Popeliak et al. (1983, Table C.2). \n2 \n3 4 5 6 \n7 \n8 \n9 include both pure and impure halite , as well as anhydrite. Tests in fluence rock as far as 10 m (33 \nft) distant from the test zone and therefore provide results repres entative of rock beyond the zone \nof mechanical disturbance associated with drilli ng of the test boreholes. Because tests close to \nthe repository are within the DRZ that surrounds the excavated regions (see Section 3.2), results \nof the tests farthest from th e repository are most representa tive of undisturbed conditions. \nFifty-nine intervals were isolated and monitored and/or tested in 27 boreholes. Thirty-five of the \nintervals isolated halite beds, and 24 isolat ed anhydrite beds. Permeability estimates were \nobtained from 14 of the halite intervals and 16 of the anhydrite inte rvals. Interpreted \nMarch 2004 2-94 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \npermeabilities using a Darcy-flow model vary from 2 ×10-23 to 3 ×10-16 m2 for impure halite \nintervals, with the lower values representing halite with few impurities and the higher values \nrepresenting intervals within the DRZ of the ex cavations. Interpreted formation pore pressures \nvary from atmospheric to 9.8 MPa for impure ha lite, with the lower pressures showing the \neffects of the DRZ. Tests in pure halite s how no observable respons e, indicating either \nextremely low permeability (<101 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 \n12 \n13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 \n32 \n33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 \n41 \n42 -23 m2), or no flow whatsoever, even though appreciable \npressures are applied to the test intervals. \nInterpreted permeabilities using a Da rcy-flow model vary from 2 ×10-20 to 9 ×10-18 m2 for \nanhydrite intervals. Interpreted formation pore pressures vary from atmo spheric to 14.8 MPa for \nanhydrite intervals (Beauheim and Roberts 2002 p. 82). Lower values are caused by \ndepressurization near the excavation. \nAs discussed in Beauheim and Roberts (2002), perm eabilities of some tested intervals have been \nfound to be dependent on the pressures at which th e tests were conducted, which is interpreted as \nthe result of fracture apertures changing in response to changes in effective stress. Flow \ndimensions inferred from most test responses are subradial, meaning that flow to/from the test \nboreholes is not radially symmetr ic but is derived from a subset of the rock volume. The \nsubradial flow dimensions are believed to reflect channeling of flow through fracture networks, or portions of fractures, that occupy a diminishi ng proportion of the radial ly available space, or \nthrough percolation networks that are not “saturated” (that is, fully interconnected). This is \nprobably related to the directional nature of the permeability created or enhanced by excavation effects. Other test responses indicate flow dimensions between radial and spherical, which may reflect propagation of pressure tran sients above or below the plane of the test interval or into \nregions of increased permeability (e.g., closer to an excavation). The variable stress and pore-\npressure fields around the WIPP excavations probab ly contribute to the ob served non-radial flow \ndimensions. \nThe properties of anhydrite interbeds have also b een investigated in the laboratory. Tests were \nperformed on three groups of core samples from MB 139 as part of the Salado Two-Phase Flow \nLaboratory Program. The laboratory experiment s provided porosity, intrinsic permeability, and \ncapillary pressure data. Analysis of capillary pressure test results indicates a threshold pressure \nof less than 1 MPa. Both labor atory and field data were used to establish hydraulic parameters \nfor the Salado for PA as summarized in CCA Appendix PAR (Tables PAR-6 and PAR-7). \nThe EPA believed the DOE’s initial informati on on anhydrite characteristics and response to \nhigh pressure was unclear. In response, th e DOE provided the EPA with data on modeling \nimplementation and anhydrite characterization cl arifying DOE’s approach to anhydrite fracture \nproperties under pressurized cond itions. The EPA concluded that while fracture distribution and \nsubsequent fluid flow in the Salado marker beds cannot be detailed, the general application of \nfracturing and subsequent fluid fl ow appears to be an adequate representation of overall site \nconditions. The EPA also concl uded that DOE’s modeling of fr actures within Salado anhydrite \nmarker beds is acceptable. For further disc ussion on this topic, see CARD 23—Models and \nComputer Codes, Section 1.3.2. \nFluid pressure above hydrostatic is a hydrologic characteristic of the Salado (and the Castile) that \nplays a potentially important role in the repository behavior. It is difficu lt to measure natural \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-95 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 \n14 \n15 16 17 18 19 20 21 \n22 \n23 24 25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 30 \n31 \n32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 \n40 \n41 42 pressures in these formations accurately because the boreholes or repository excavations required \nto access the rocks decrease the stress in the re gion measured. Stress released instantaneously \ndecreases fluid pressure in the po res of the rock, so measured pre ssures must be considered as a \nlower bound of the natural pressures. Stress effects rela ted to test location and the difficulty of \nmaking long-duration tests in lower-permeability ro cks result in higher pore pressures observed \nto date in anhydrites. The highest observed pore pressures in hali te-rich units, near Room Q, are \non the order of 9 MPa, wher eas the highest pore pressure s observed in anhydrite are \napproximately 12 MPa (Beauheim and Roberts 2002, p. 82). Far-field pore pressures in halite-\nrich and anhydrite beds in the Salado at the re pository level are expected to be similar because \nthe anhydrites are too thin and of too low permeab ilities to have liquid pressures much different \nthan those of the surrounding salt. For comparison, the hydrostatic pressure for a column of brine at the depth of the reposit ory is about 7 MPa, and the lithos tatic pressure calculated from \ndensity measurements in ERDA-9 is about 15 MPa. \nFluid pressures in sedimentary ba sins that are much higher or much lower than hydrostatic are \nreferred to as abnormal pressures by the pe troleum industry, where they have received \nconsiderable attention. In the case of the Delaware Basin evaporites, the high pressures are almost certainly maintained because of the large compressibility and plastic nature of the halite \nand, to a lesser extent, the anhydrite. The lithos tatic pressure at a particular horizon must be \nsupported by a combination of the stress felt by both the rock matrix and the pore fluid. In highly deformable rocks, the portion of the stre ss that must be borne by the fluid exceeds \nhydrostatic pressure but cannot exceed lithostatic pressure. \nBrine content within the Salado is estimated at 1 to 2 percent by weight , although the thin clay \nseams have been inferred by Deal et al. (1993, pp. 4-3) to contain up to 25 percent brine by \nvolume. Where sufficient permeability exists, th is brine will move towards areas of lower \nhydraulic potential, such as a borehole or mined section of the Salado. \nObservation of the response of pore fluids in the Salado to change s in pressure boundary \nconditions at walls in the repositor y, in boreholes without packers, in packer-sealed boreholes, or \nin laboratory experiments is complicated by low permeability and low porosity. Qualitative data on brine flow to underground workings and expl oratory boreholes were collected routinely \nbetween 1985 and 1993 under the Brine Sampling and Evaluation Program (BSEP) and have \nbeen documented in a series of reports (Deal and Case 1987; Deal et al. 1987, 1989, 1991a, \n1991b, 1993, and 1995). A discussion of alternative c onceptual models for Salado fluid flow is \ngiven in Appendix PA, Attachment MASS, Section MASS.7. Additional data on brine inflow are available from the Large-Scale Brine Inflow Test (Room Q). Flow has been observed to \nmove to walls in the repository, to boreholes w ithout packers, and to packer-sealed boreholes. \nThese qualitative and relatively short-term observati ons suggest that brine flow in the fractured \nDRZ is a complex process. In some locations, evidence for flow is no longer observed where it \nonce was; in others, flow has begun where it once was not observed. In many cases, \nobservations and experiments must last for m onths or years to obtain useful results. \nFor PA modeling, brine flow is a calculated term dependent on local hydraulic gradients and \nproperties of the Salado units. Data on pore pressure and permeability of halite and anhydrite layers are available from the Room Q tests and other borehole tests as summarized in Beauheim \nMarch 2004 2-96 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 9 and Roberts (2002), and these data form the basis for the quantification of the material properties \nused in the PA. See Section 6.4.3.2 for a description of the repository fluid flow model. \nBecause brine is an important f actor in repository performance, several studies of its chemistry \nhave been conducted. Initial investigations were reported in Powers et al. (CCA Appendix GCR, \nSection 7.5) and were continued once access to the underground was established. The most \ncomprehensive data were developed by the BSEP (Deal and Case 1987; Deal et al. 1987, 1989, 1991a, 1991b, 1993, 1995). Results are summarized in Table 2-6. CCA Appendix SOTERM \ndiscusses the role of brine chemistry in the conceptual model for actinide dissolution. The conceptual model is described in Section 6.4.3.5. \n10 \n11 \n12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 2.2.1.4 Units Above the Salado \nIn evaluating groundwater flow above the Salado , the DOE considers the Rustler, Dewey Lake, \nSanta Rosa, and overlying units to form a gr oundwater basin with bounda ries coinciding with \nselected groundwater divides as discussed in Section 2.2.1.1. The model boundary follows Nash \nDraw and the Pecos River valley to the west and south and the San Simon Swale to the east \n(Figure 2-33). The boundary continues up drai nages and dissects topographic highs along its \nnorthern part. These boundaries represent groundwater divides whose positions remain fixed over the past several thousand y ears and 10,000 years into the future. For reasons described in \nSection 2.2.1.2.1, the lower boundary of the groundw ater basin is the upper surface of the \nSalado. Nash Draw and the Pecos River are areas where discharge to the surface occurs. Hunter \n(1985) described discharge at Surp rise Spring and into saline lakes in Nash Draw. She reported \ngroundwater discharge into the P ecos River between Avalon Dam nor th of Carlsbad and a point \nsouth of Malaga Bend as approximately 0.92 m\n3/s (32.5 ft3/s), mostly in the region near Malaga \nBend. \nWithin this groundwater basin, hydrostratigraphi c units with relativel y high permeability are \ncalled conductive units, and those with relatively low permeability are called confining layers. \nThe confining layers consist of ha lite and anhydrite and are perhaps five orders of magnitude less \npermeable than conductive units. \nIn a groundwater basin, the position of the wa ter table moves up and down in response to \nchanges in recharge. The amount of recharge is generally a very small fraction of the amount of \nrainfall; this condition is expected for the WI PP. Modeling of rechar ge changes within the \ngroundwater basin as a function of climate vari ation is discussed in Section 6.4.9. The water \ntable would stabilize at a particul ar position if the pattern of re charge remained constant for a \nlong time. The equilibrated position depends, in part, on the distribution of hydraulic conductivity in all hydrostratigraphic units in th e groundwater basin. However, the position of \nthe water table depends mainly on the topography and geometry of the groundwater basin and \nthe hydraulic conductivity of the uppermost strata. The position of the water table can adjust \nslowly to changes in recharge. Consequently, th e water table can be at a position that is very \nmuch different from its equilibrium position at any given time. Ge nerally, the water table drops \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-97 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-33. Outline of the Groundwater Basin Model Domain on a Topographic Map \nMarch 2004 2-98 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 12 13 14 \n15 \n16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 29 \n30 \n31 32 33 34 35 \n36 37 \n38 39 40 very slowly in response to decr easing recharge but might rise rapidly in times of increasing \nrecharge. \nThe asymmetry of response occurs because the ra te at which the water table drops is limited by \nthe rate at which water flows through the entire basin. In contrast, the rate at which the water \ntable rises depends mainly on the recharge rate and the porosity of the up permost strata. From \ngroundwater basin modeling, the head distribut ion in the groundwater basin appears to \nequilibrate rapidly with the position of the water table. \nThe groundwater basin conceptual model (Cor bet and Knupp 1996) described above has been \nimplemented in a numerical model, as descri bed in CCA Appendix MA SS, Section MASS.14.2. \nThis model has been used to simulate the inte ractive nature of flow through conductive layers \nand confining units for a variety of possible rock properties and climate futures. Thus, this \nmodel has allowed insight into the magnitude of flow through various units. The DOE has used \nthis insight as a basis for model simplifications us ed in PA that are described here and in Chapter \n6. \nOne conclusion from the regional groundwater basi n modeling is pertinent here. In general, \nvertical leakage through confining layers is directed downward over all of the controlled area. \nThis downward leakage uniformly over the WIPP site is the result of a we ll-developed discharge \narea, Nash Draw and the Pecos River, along the western and southern boundaries of the groundwater basin. This area acts as a drain fo r the laterally conductive units in the groundwater \nbasin, causing most vertical leakag e in the groundwater basin to occur in a downward direction. \nThis conclusion is important in PA simplifications related to the relative importance of lateral flow in the Magenta versus the Culebra, which will be discussed later in this chapter and in \nSection 6.4.6. \nPublic concern was expressed that groundwater flow to the spring supplying brine to Laguna \nGrande de la Sal could be related to the pr esence of karst features. The EPA examined \ninformation regarding the hydrology of the units above the Salado and DOE’s conceptualization \nof the groundwater flow model, including supplem entary information submitted in letters dated \nMay 2, 1997 (Docket A-93-02, Item V-B-6 (6)), and May 14, 1997 (Docket A-93-02, Item II-I-\n31), and the EPA concluded that the information was adequate. \nThe EPA concluded, based on WIPP field observations and site-spe cific hydrologic information, \nthere is no indication that any cav ernous or other karst-related flow is present within the WIPP \nsite boundary. The EPA concurred with DOE’s con ceptualization of grou ndwater flow in the \nCulebra, which includes the presence of fractures within the Culebra and recharge and discharge \nareas for groundwater that are more consistent w ith potential discharge to areas south and west \nof the WIPP. \n2.2.1.4.1 Hydrology of the Rustler Formation \nThe Rustler is of particular im portance for WIPP because it contains the most transmissive units \nabove the repository. Fluid flow in the Rustler is characterized by very sl ow rates of vertical \nleakage through confining layers and faster latera l flow in conductive units. To illustrate this \npoint, regional modeling with the groundwater basin model indicates that lateral specific \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-99 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 \n15 \n16 \n17 18 19 \n20 \n21 \n22 \n23 24 25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 \n30 \n31 32 33 34 \n35 \n36 37 38 39 40 41 42 discharges in the Culebra, for example, are perhaps two to three orders of magnitude greater than the vertical specific discharges across the top of the Culebra. \nBecause of its importance, the Ru stler continues to be the focu s of studies to understand better \nthe complex relationship between hydrologic properties and geology, particularly in view of water-level rises observed in the Culebra and Magenta (e.g., SNL 2003a; also see Appendix \nDATA). An example of the complex nature of Rustler hydrology is the variation in Culebra \ntransmissivity (T). Culebra T varies over thr ee orders of magnitude on the WIPP site itself and \nover six orders of magnitude on the scale of th e regional groundwater ba sin model with lower T \neast of the site and higher T west of the site in Nash Draw (e.g., Beauheim and Ruskauff 1998). \nAs discussed below, site investigations and studies (e.g., Holt and Powers 1988; Beauheim and \nHolt 1990; Powers and Holt 1995; Holt 1997; Ho lt and Yarbrough 2002; Powers et al. 2003) \nsuggest that the variability in Culebra T can be explained largely by the thickness of Culebra \noverburden, the location and extent of upper Sala do dissolution, and the occu rrence of halite in \nthe mudstone units bounding th e Culebra (see Section 2.1.3.5). \n2.2.1.4.1.1 Los Medaños \nThe unnamed lower member was named the Los Medaños by Powers and Holt (1999). The Los Medaños is treated as a single hydrostratigraphi c unit in WIPP models of the Rustler, although \nits composition varies. Overall, it acts as a confining layer. The basa l interval of the Los \nMedaños, approximately 19.5 m (64 ft) thick, is co mposed of siltstone, mudstone, and claystone \nand contains the water-producing zones of the lo wermost Rustler. Transmissivities of 2.9 ×10\n-10 \nm2/s (2.7 × 10-4 ft2/day) and 2.4 × 10-10 m2/s (2.2 × 10-4 ft2/day) were reported by Beauheim \n(1987a, p. 50) from tests at well H-16 that incl uded this interval. The porosity of the Los \nMedaños was measured in 1995 as part of te sting at the H-19 hydropad (TerraTek 1996). Two \nclaystone samples had effective porosities of 26.8 and 27.3 percent. One anhydrite sample had an \neffective porosity of 0.2 percent. The tr ansmissivity values correspond to hydraulic \nconductivities of 1.5 × 10-11 m/s (4.2 × 10-6 ft/day) and 1.2 × 10-11 m/s (3.4 × 10-6 ft/day). \nHydraulic conductivity in the lo wer portion of the Los Medaños is believed by the DOE to \nincrease to the west in and near Nash Draw, where dissolution at the underlying Rustler-Salado \ncontact has caused subsidence and fractur ing of the sandstone and siltstone. \nThe remainder of the Los Medaños contains mudstones, anhydrite, and variable amounts of halite. The hydraulic conduc tivity of these lithologies is extremely low. It is for this reason the \nLos Medaños is treated as a singl e hydrostratigraphic unit that ove rall acts as a confining unit. \nThe conceptual model incorporating the Los Me daños is discussed in Section 6.4.6.1. Important \nhydrologic model properties of the Los Medaños are summarized in Appendix PA. \nAs described in Section 2.1.3.5, th e Los Medaños contains two m udstone layers: one in the \nmiddle of the Los Medaños and one immediately below the Culebra. An anhydrite layer separates the two mudstones. The lower and uppe r Los Medaños mudstones have been given the \ndesignations M1/H1 and M2/H 2, respectively, by Holt and Powers (1988). This naming \nconvention is used to indicate the presence of halite in the mudstone at some locations at and near the WIPP site. Powers (2002a) has mappe d (Figure 2-15) the margins delineating the \noccurrence of halite in both mudstone layers. Whereas ear ly researchers (e.g., Snyder 1985) \ninterpreted the absence of halite west of thes e margins as evidence of dissolution, Holt and \nMarch 2004 2-100 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 \n9 \n10 \n11 12 13 14 \n15 \n16 \n17 18 19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 \n39 \n40 41 Powers (1988) interpreted it as reflecting changes in the depositional environment, not dissolution. However, Holt and Po wers (1988) concluded that disso lution of Rustler halite may \nhave occurred along the present-day margins. The presence of halite in the Los Medaños \nmudstones is likely to affect th e conductivity of the mudstones, but its greater importance is the \nimplications it has for the conduc tivity of the Culebra. As discussed in Section 2.2.1.4.1.2, the \nCulebra transmissivity in locations where halite is present in M2/H2 and M3/H3 (a mudstone in \nthe lower Tamarisk Member of the Rustler) is as sumed to be an order of magnitude lower than \nwhere halite does not occu r (Holt and Yarbrough 2002). \nFluid pressures in the Los Medaños have been continuously measured at well H-16 since 1987. \nDuring this period, the fluid pressure has remained relatively constant at between 190 and 195 psi or a head of approximately 137 m (450 ft). Given the location of the pressure transducer (an elevation of 811.96 m amsl), the current elevatio n of the Los Medaños water level at H-16 is \napproximately 949 m amsl. No other wells in the WIPP monitoring network are completed to \nthe Los Medaños. Thus, H-16 provides the only current head information for this member. \n2.2.1.4.1.2 The Culebra Dolomite Member \nThe Culebra is of interest because it is the most transmissive saturated unit above the WIPP \nrepository and hydrologic research has been conc entrated on the unit for nearly two decades. \nAlthough it is relatively thin, it is an entire hydrostratigraphi c unit in the WIPP hydrological \nconceptual model, and it is the most important conductive unit in this mo del. Implementation of \nthe Culebra in the conceptual model is discusse d in detail in Section 6.4.6.2. Model discussions \ncover groundwater flow and transport characteris tics of the Culebra. These are supported by \nparameter values in Table 6-20, 6-21, 6-22, and 6-23. Additional background for the Culebra model is in CCA Appendix MASS, Sections MASS.14 and MASS.15. \nThe two primary types of field tests used to char acterize the flow and transport characteristics of \nthe Culebra are hydraulic tests and tracer tests. \nThe hydraulic testing consists of pumping, injection, and slug te sting of wells across the study \narea (for example, Beauheim 1987a, p. 3). The mo st detailed hydraulic test data exist for the \nWIPP hydropads (for example, H-19). The hydropads generally comprise a network of three or \nmore wells located within a few tens of meters of each other. Long-term pumping tests have \nbeen conducted at hydropads H-3, H-11, and H- 19 and at well WIPP-13 (Beauheim 1987b; \n1989; Beauheim et al. 1995; Meigs et al. 2000). These pumping tests provided transient pressure \ndata at the hydropad and over a much larger area. Tests often included use of automated data-acquisition systems, providing high -resolution (in both space and time) data sets. In addition to \nlong-term pumping tests, slug tests and short- term pumping tests have been conducted at \nindividual wells to provide pressure data that can be used to inte rpret the transmissivity at that \nwell (Beauheim 1987a). (Additional short-term pumping tests have been conducted in the \nWQSP wells [Beauheim and Ruskauff 1998]). De tailed cross-hole hydraulic testing has been \nconducted at the H-19 hydropad (Beauheim 2000). \nThe hydraulic tests are designed to yield pres sure data for the interpretation of such \ncharacteristics as transmissivity, permeability, and storativity. The pressure data from long-term pumping tests and the interpreted transmissivity values for individual wells are used for the \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-101 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 \n30 \n31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 \n39 \n40 41 42 43 generation of transmissivity fields in PA fl ow modeling (see Appendix PA, Attachment TFIELD, \nSections TFIELD 5.0 and TFIELD-6.0). Some of the hydraulic test data and interpretations are \nalso important for the interpretation of transport characteristics. For instance, information about \nthe vertical distribution of pe rmeability interpreted from the hydraulic tests at a given hydropad \nis needed for interpretations of tracer test data at that hydropad. \nTo evaluate transport properties of the Culebra, a series of tracer test s were conducted at six \nlocations (the H-2, H-3, H-4, H- 6, H-11, and H-19 hydropads) near the WIPP site. Tests at the \nfirst five of these locations c onsisted of two-well dipole tests and/or multiwell convergent flow \ntests and are described in detail in Jones et al. (1992). Tr acer tests at the H-19 hydropad and \nadditional tracer tests performed at the H-11 hydropad are described in Meigs et al. (2000). The \n1995-1996 tracer test program consisted of single-well injection-withdrawal tests and multi-well convergent flow tests (Meigs a nd Beauheim 2001). Unique features of this testing program \ninclude the single-well test at both H-19 and H-11, the injection of tracers into six wells during \nthe H-19 convergent-flow test, the injection of tracer into upper and lower zones of the Culebra \nat the H-19 hydropad, repeated inje ctions under different convergent -flow pumping rates, and the \nuse of tracers with different free-water diffusi on coefficients. The 1995-1996 tracer tests were \nspecifically designed to evaluate the importance of heterogeneity (both horizontal and vertical) \nand diffusion on transport processes. \nThe Culebra is a fractured dolomite with nonuniform properties both horizontally and vertically. Examination of core and shaft exposures has reve aled that there are multiple scales of porosity \nwithin the Culebra including fractures ranging fro m microscale to potentia lly large, vuggy zones, \nand interparticle and intercryst alline porosity (Holt 1997). Poros ity measurements made on core \nsamples give porosity measurements ranging from 0.03 to 0.30 (Kelle y and Saulnier 1990; \nTerraTek 1996). This large range in porosity for small samples is expected given the variety of \nporosity types within the Culebra. However, th e effective porosity for flow and transport at \nlarger scales will have a smaller range due to the effects of spatial averaging. The core \nmeasurements indicate that the Culebra has significant quantities of connected porosity. \nFlow in the Culebra occurs within fractures, w ithin vugs where they are connected by fractures, \nand to some extent within interparticle poros ity where the porosity (and permeability) is high, \nsuch as chalky lenses. At any given location, fl ow will occur in response to hydraulic gradients \nin all places that are permeable. When the permeability contrast between different scales of \nconnected porosity is large, the total porosity can effectively be concep tualized by dividing the \nsystem into advective porosity (often referred to as fracture porosity ) and diffusive porosity \n(often referred to as matrix porosity). The advec tive porosity can be defined as the portion of the \nporosity where flow is the dominant process (for example fractures and to some extent vugs connected by fractures and interparticle porosity ). Diffusive porosity can be defined as the \nportion of the porosity where diffusion is the dom inant process (for example, intercrystalline \nporosity and to some extent microfractures, vug s and portions of the in terparticle porosity.) \nFor the Culebra in the vicinity of the WIPP site , defining advective porosity is not a simple \nmatter. In some regions the permeability of the fractures is inferred to be significantly larger \nthan the permeability of the other porosity types, thus advective porosity can be conceptualized as predominantly fracture porosity (low porosity). In some regions, there appear to be no high \npermeability fractures. This may be due to a lack of large fractures or may be the result of \nMarch 2004 2-102 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 \n5 \n6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 \n15 \n16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 29 \n30 \n31 32 gypsum fillings in a portion of the porosity. Where permeability contrasts between porosity \ntypes are small, the adve ctive porosity can be conceptualized as a combination of fractures, vugs \nconnected by fractures, and permeable portions of the interparticle porosity. In each case, the \ndiffusive porosity can be conceptualized as th e porosity where advection is not dominant. \nThe major physical transport processes that affect actinide transport through the Culebra include advection (through fractures and other permeable porosity), diffusion from the advective porosity \ninto the rest of the connected porosity (diffusive porosity) an d dispersive spreading due to \nheterogeneity. Diffusion can be an important process for effectivel y retarding solutes by \ntransferring mass from the porosit y where advection (flow) is the dominant process into other \nportions of the rock. Diffusion into stagnant po rtions of the rock al so provides access to \nadditional surface area for sorption. Further discussi on of transport of actinides in the Culebra as \neither dissolved species or as colloids is given in Section 6.4.6.2. Parameter values determined \nfrom tests of the Culebra are given in CCA Appendix PAR and are described in Section \n6.4.6.2.2. A summary of input values to the conc eptual model is in Tables 6-22 and 6-23. \nFluid flow in the Culebra is dominantly lateral and southward except in discharge areas along the \nwest or south boundaries of the basin. Where tran smissive fractures exist, flow is dominated by \nfractures but may also occur in vugs connected by microfractures and interparticle porosity. \nRegions where flow is dominantly through vugs connected by micr ofractures and interparticle \nporosity have been inferred from pumping tests a nd tracer tests. Flow in the Culebra may be \nconcentrated along zones that are th inner than the total th ickness of the Culebra. In general, the \nupper portion of the Culebra is massive dolomite with a few fractures and vugs, and appears to \nhave low permeability. The lower portion of th e Culebra appears to have many more vuggy and \nfractured zones and to have significantly hi gher permeability (Meigs and Beauheim 2001). \nThere is strong evidence that the permeability of the Culebra varies spatially and varies \nsufficiently that it cannot be characterized with a uniform va lue or range over the region of \ninterest to the WIPP. The transmissivity of th e Culebra varies spatially over six orders of \nmagnitude from east to west in the vicinity of the WIPP (Figure 2-34). Over the site, Culebra \ntransmissivity varies over three to four orde rs of magnitude. CCA Appendix TFIELD, Section \nTFIELD.2 contains the data used to deve lop Figure 2-34, which shows variation in \ntransmissivity in the Culebra in the WIPP regi on. Attachment TFIELD to Appendix P provides \nthe modeling rationale and addresses how data co llected over a number of years were correlated \nfor the generation of transmissivity fields. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-103 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 \n6 \n7 Figure 2-34. Transmissivities of the Culebra \nTransmissivities are from about 1 × 10-9 m2/s (1 × 10-3 ft2/day) at well P-18 east of the WIPP \nsite to about 1 × 10-3 m2/s (1 × 103 ft2/day) at well H-7 in Nash Draw (see Figure 2-2 for the \nlocations of these wells and see Figure 4-8 in CCA Appendix FAC for a Culebra isopach map). \nTransmissivity variations in the Culebra are be lieved to be controlled by the relative abundance \nof open fractures rather than by primary (that is, depositional) features of the unit. Lateral \nMarch 2004 2-104 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 \n7 \n8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 variations in depositional environments were small within the mapped region, and primary features of the Culebra show little map-scale spatial variability, according to Holt and Powers (CCA Appendix FAC). Direct measurements of the density of open fractures are not available from core samples because of incomplete rec overy and fracturing duri ng drilling, but observation \nof the relatively unfractured e xposures in the WIPP shafts sugge sts that the density of open \nfractures in the Culebra decreases to the east. \nRecent investigations have made a significant contribution to the unde rstanding of the large \nvariability observed for Culebr a transmissivity (e.g., Holt and Powers 1988; Beauheim and Holt \n1990; Powers and Holt 1995; Holt 1997; Holt an d Yarbrough 2002; Powers et al. 2003). The \nspatial distribution of Culebra transmissivity is believed to be due strictly to deterministic post-\ndepositional processes and ge ologic controls (Holt and Ya rbrough 2002). The important \ngeologic controls include Culebra overburden thickness, dissolu tion of the upper Salado, and the \noccurrence of halite in the mudstone Rustler units (M2/H2 and M3/H3) above and below the \nCulebra (Holt and Yarbrough 2002). Culebra transmissivity is inversely related to thickness of overburden because stress relief associated w ith erosion of overburden (see Section 2.1.5.2) \nleads to fracturing and opening of preexisting fractures. Culebra transmissivity is high where \ndissolution of the upper Salado ha s occurred and the Culebra ha s subsided and fractured. \nCulebra transmissivity is observed to be low where halite is presen t in overlying and/or \nunderlying mudstones. Presumably, high Culebra transmissivity leads to dissolution of nearby \nhalite (if any). Hence, the presence of halite in mudstones above and/or below the Culebra can \nbe taken as an indicator for low Culebra tr ansmissivity. Details of the geologic-based \ntransmissivity model for the Culebra are given in Attachment TFIELD (Section TFIELD-3.0) to \nAppendix PA and summarized below. \nThe Culebra has been tested hydraulically at 42 locations, yielding reliable transmissivity values. These values (log T) are plotte d as a function of depth to Culebra (overburden thickness) in \nFigure 2-35. As shown, the Culebra transmissi vities fall into two popul ations separated by a \ncutoff (termed ‘high-T’ cuto ff) equal to -5.4 (log T [m\n2/s]). These data suggest a bimodal \ndistribution for transmissivity with one populatio n having high transmissivity and the other low \ntransmissivity, with the difference attributed to open, interconnected fractures (“fracture \ninterconnectivity”) for the high- transmissivity population (Holt and Yarbrough 2002). Using \nthese data, Holt and Yarbrough (2002) constructed a linear Culebra transmi ssivity model relating \nlog T to the deterministic geologic controls desc ribed above. The linear model is expressed as \nfollows: \n () () () ()12 3 4 , =β +β +β +βfD Yd I Ixx x x 34 \n35 \n36 (2.1) \nwhere Y(x) is log T (x), βi (I = 1 to 4) are regression coeffici ents, x is a two-dimensional location \nvector, d(x) is the overburden thickness at x (expressed in UTM coordinates and \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-105 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n0 100 200 300 400 500\nDepth to Culebra (m)-8-7-6-5-4-3-2Log T (m2/s)Data\nModel fit\nUpper Salado Dissolution\nObserved High T Between Salado \nDissolution and M3/H3 Lines\nObserved Low T East of\nSalado Dissolution LineHigh T cutoff: -5.4\nfile: Tcorr.grf 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 \n6 \n7 \n8 9 \n10 11 \n12 \n13 \n14 Figure 2-35. Correlation Between Culebra Transmissivity (log T (m2/s)) and Overburden \nThickness for Different Geologic Enviro nments (after Holt and Yarbrough 2002) \nmeters), I f (x) is the fracture-interconnectivity indicator at x (equal to 1 when log T (m2/s) > -5.4 \nor 0 when log T (m2/s) < -5.4), and I D (x) is the dissolution indicat or (equal to 1 when Salado \ndissolution has occurred at (x ) and 0 when it has not). In this model, coefficient β1 is the \nintercept value, β2 is the slope of Y(x)/d(x), and β3 and β 4 represent adjustments to the intercept \nfor the occurrence of open, interconnected fractu res and Salado dissolution, respectively. Based \non linear-regression analysis, Holt and Yarbrough (2002) estimated the coefficients in Equation \n(2.1). These estimates are summarized in Table 2-7. Predictions of the Culebra transmissivity \nmodel represented by Equation ( 2.1) are shown in Figure 2-35. \nThe regression model expressed by Equation (2.1) cannot adequately predict transmissivity in \nthe regions where halite is present both in M2/H2 and M3/H3. In these regions, Culebra \nTable 2-7. Estimates of Culebra Transmissivity Model Coefficients \n β1 β2 β3 β4 \n-5.441 -4.636 × 10-3 1.926 0.678 \nMarch 2004 2-106 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 porosity is thought to be at leas t partially filled with halite, re ducing transmissivity. For these \nregions, Equation (2.1) is modified as follows: \n () () () () ()12 3 4 5 .fD H Yd I I I =β +β +β +β +βxx x x x 3 \n4 \n5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 \n11 \n12 13 14 \n15 \n16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 27 28 \n29 \n30 31 32 33 34 35 36 \n37 \n38 39 40 41 (2.2) \nIH (x) is a halite indicator functi on equal to 1 in locations where halite occurs in both the M2/H2 \nand M3/H3 intervals and 0 otherwise. The coefficient β5 is equal to –1 to assure that the model \nin Equation (2.2) reduces the predicted transmissivity values by one order of magnitude where \nhalite occurs in both the M2/H2 and M3/H3 intervals. \nIn the region east of the uppe r Salado dissolution margin and west of the M2/H2 and M3/H3 \nmargins, high transmissivity depends, in part, on the absence of gypsum fracture fillings. No method has yet been determined for predicting whether fractures will or will not be filled with \ngypsum at a given location, so the distribution of high and low transmissivity is treated \nstochastically in this region. Pred ictions of transmissivity in this region make use of an isotropic \nspherical variogram model. Fitted paramete rs for the variogram model are described in \nAttachment TFIELD (Section TFIELD-4.3) of Appendix PA. \nGeochemical and radioisotope characteristics of the Culebra have been studied. There is \nconsiderable variation in groundw ater geochemistry in the Culebra. The variation has been \ndescribed in terms of different hydrogeochemical facies that can be mapped in the Culebra (see \nSection 2.4.2). A halite-rich hydrogeochemical faci es exists in the region of the WIPP site and \nto the east, approximately corresponding to the regi ons in which halite exis ts in units above and \nbelow the Culebra (Figure 2-15), and in whic h a large portion of the Culebra fractures are \ngypsum filled (Figure 2-17). An anhydrite-rich h ydrogeochemical facies exists west and south \nof the WIPP site, where there is relatively less halite in adjacent strata and where there are fewer \ngypsum-filled fractures. \nThe Culebra groundwater geochemist ry studies continue. Culebra water quality is evaluated \nsemiannually at six wells, three north (WQSP-1, WQSP-2, and WQSP-3) and three south \n(WQSP-4, WQSP-5, and WQSP-6) (WIPP MOC 1995) of the surface structures area (see Figure \n2-3 for well locations). Five rounds of semia nnual sampling of water quality completed before \nthe first receipt of waste at the WIPP were used to establish the initial Culebra water-quality \nbaseline for major ion species including Na+, Ca2+, Mg2\n +, K+, Cl -, \nSO 42-, and HCO 32- (Crawley and Nagy 1998). In 2000, this baseline was expanded to include \nfive additional rounds of sampli ng that were completed before first receipt of RCRA-regulated \nwaste (IT Corporation 2000). Ta ble 2-8 gives the 95 percent conf idence intervals presented in \nSNL (2001) for the major ion species determined from the 10 rounds (semiannual sampling for 5 \nyears) of baseline sampling. Culebra water quality is extremely variable among the six sampling wells, as shown by the Cl\n- concentrations that range from approximately 6,000 mg/L at WQSP-6 \nto 130,000 mg/L at WQSP-3. \nRadiogenic isotopic signatur es suggest that the age of the gr oundwater in the Culebra is on the \norder of 10,000 years or more (see, for example, Lambert 1987, Lambert and Carter 1987, and Lambert and Harvey 1987). The radiogenic ages of the Culebra groundwater and the \ngeochemical differences provide information potentially relevant to the groundwater flow \ndirections and groundwater inte raction with other units and are important constraints on \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-107 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nTable 2-8. Ninety-Five Percent Confidence Intervals for Culebra Water-Quality Baselin e 1 \nWell \nI.D. Cl- \nConc. \n(mg/L) SO 42- \nConc. \n(mg/L) HCO 3-\nConc.\n(mg/L)Na+ \nConc. \n(mg/L) Ca2+ \nConc. \n(mg/L) Mg2+ \nConc. \n(mg/L) K+ \nConc. \n(mg/L) \nWQSP-1 31100-39600 4060-5600 45-54 15850-21130 1380-2030 940-1210 322-730 \nWQSP-2 31800-39000 4550-6380 43-53 14060-22350 1230-1730 852-1120 318-649 \nWQSP-3 113900-145200 6420-7870 23-51 62600-82700 1090-1620 1730-2500 2060-3150 \nWQSP-4 53400-63000 5620-7720 31-46 28100-37800 1420-1790 973-1410 784-1600 \nWQSP-5 13400-17600 4060-5940 42-54 7980-10420 902-1180 389-535 171-523 \nWQSP-6 5470-6380 4240-5120 41-54 3610-5380 586-777 189-233 113-245 \n2 \n3 4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 \n20 \n21 \n22 \n23 24 25 conceptual models of groundwater flow. Previ ous conceptual models of the Culebra (see for \nexample, Chapman 1986, Chapman 1988, LaVenue et al. 1990, and Siegel et al. 1991) have not \nbeen able to consistently relate the hydr ogeochemical facies, radiogenic ages, and flow \nconstraints (that is, transmissivity, b oundary conditions, etc.) in the Culebra. \nThe groundwater basin modeling th at was conducted, although it di d not model solute transport \nprocesses, provides flow fields that can be us ed to develop the following concepts that help \nexplain the observed hydrogeochemical facies and radiogenic ages. The groundwater basin \nmodel combines and tests three fundamental processe s: (1) it calculates ve rtical leakage, which \nmay carry solutes into the Culebra; (2) it calcul ates lateral fluxes in the Culebra (directions as \nwell as rates); and (3) it calculate s a range of possible effects of c limate change. The presence of \nthe halite-rich groundwater facies is explained by vertical l eakage of solutes into the Culebra \nfrom the overlying halite-containing Tamarisk by advective or diffusive processes. Because \nlateral flow rates here are low, ev en slow rates of solute transport into the Culebra can result in \nhigh solute concentration. Vertical leakage occu rs slowly over the entire model region, and thus \nthe age of groundwater in the Culebra is old, co nsistent with radiogenic information. Lateral \nfluxes within the anhydrite zone are larger because of higher transmissivity, and where the halite \nand anhydrite facies regions converge, the halite facies signature is lost by dilution with \nrelatively large quantities of a nhydrite facies groundwater. Res ponse of groundwater flow in the \nCulebra as the result of increasing recharge is modeled through the variation in climate, \ndiscussed in Section 6.4.9. \nGroundwater levels in the Cule bra in the WIPP region were measured prior to the CCA in \nnumerous wells (Figure 2-2). Th e Culebra monitoring wells as of the end of 2002 are shown in \nFigures 2-3 and 2-4; plugged a nd abandoned wells are not shown in these figures. Beginning in \n1989, a general \nMarch 2004 2-108 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n0 5 10 15 20 25\nTime Since 1/1/77 (yr)924925926927928929930931932933934WIPP-25 and P-14 Wate r-Level Ele vation (m amsl)WIPP-25\nWIPP-27\nP-14\n930931932933934935936937938939940\nWIPP-27 Water-Level Elevation (m amsl)\nFile: WIPP25_WIPP27_P14-1977.grf 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 \n17 \n18 19 20 \n21 \n22 23 Figure 2-36. Water-level Trends in Nash Dr aw Wells and at P-14 (see Figure 2-2 for well \nlocations) \nlong-term rise has been observed in both Culebr a and Magenta water leve ls (Figure 2-36) over a \nbroad area of the WIPP site including Nash Draw (SNL 2003a). At the time of the CCA this \nlong-term rise was recognized, but was thought (outside of Nash Draw) to represent recovery \nfrom the accumulation of hydraulic tests that had occurred since the late 1970s and the effects of \ngrouting around the WIPP shafts to limit leakage. Water levels in Nash Draw were thought to \nrespond to changes in the volumes of potash mill e ffluent discharged into the draw (Silva 1996); \nhowever, correlation of these water levels with potash mine discharge cannot be proven because \nsufficient data on the timing and volumes of discha rge are not available. As the rise in water \nlevels has continued since 1996, observed heads have exceeded the ranges of uncertainty established for the steady-state heads in most of the 32 wells used in the calibration of the transmissivity fields described in CCA A ppendix TFIELD. Although recovery from the \nhydraulic tests and shaft leakage has unquestionably occurred, the DOE has implemented a program to identify other potential causes for the water-level rises (SNL 2003b). \nPotentiometric surface maps of the freshwater head in the Culebra in December 1998 and December 2002 are shown in Figures 2-37a, 2-37b and 2-37c, respectively. The maps are generally similar and indicate no changes in flow directions across the WIPP site over that \nperiod. Figure 2-37c shows the changes in heads at the wells monitored in both December 1998 \nand December 2002. Freshwater heads in most wells increased by 2-4 ft from 1998 to 2002. \nThe largest rise was 4.84 ft at DOE-1. Only one well, AEC-7, showed a drop over this period (-0.85 ft) larger than poten tial measurement error. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-109 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 \n18 \n19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 27 28 29 30 \n31 \n32 33 \n34 \n35 36 37 38 Although Culebra heads have been rising, the head distribution in the Cu lebra (see Figures 2-\n37a, 2-37b and 2-37c) is consistent with groundw ater basin modeling results (discussed in \nAppendix PA, Attachment MASS, Section MASS.14.2) indicating that the generalized direction \nof groundwater flow remains north to south. However, caution should be used when making \nassumptions based on groundwater-level data alone. Studies in the Culebra have shown that \nfluid density variations in th e Culebra can affect flow dir ection (Davies 1989, p. 35). The \nfractured nature of the Culebra, coupled with va riable fluid densities, can also cause localized \nflow patterns to differ from general flow patterns. Water-level rises in the vicinity of the H-9 \nhydropad, about 10.46 km (6.5 mi) south of the site, are not thought to be caused by either WIPP \nactivities or potash mining discharg e and have been included in the DOE program to investigate \nCulebra water-level rises in general. The DOE continues to monito r groundwater levels \nthroughout the region, but only water-l evel changes at or near the site have th e potential to \nimpact the prediction of disposal system perf ormance. The DOE has implemented water-level \nchanges in its conceptual model through variations in climate as discussed in Section 6.4.9. \nThese variations bring the water table to the surface for some calculations. The DOE has also \nused recent (late 2000) Culebra heads in flow and transport calculations for this recertification application, as discussed in Appendix PA , Attachment TFIELD, Section TFIELD-6.2. \nInferences about vertical flow directions in th e Culebra have been made from well data collected \nby the DOE. Beauheim (1987a) reported flow dire ctions toward the Culebra from both the Los \nMedaños and the Magenta over the WIPP site, indicat ing that the Culebra acts as a drain for the \nunits around it. This indicati on is consistent with results of groundwater basin modeling. A \nmore detailed discussion of Culebra flow and transport can be found in Appendix PA, \nAttachment TFIELD \nIn response to an EPA letter dated March 19, 1997 (Docket A-93-02, Item II-I-17), supplemental \ninformation to the CCA pertinen t to groundwater flow and geoche mistry within the Culebra was \nprovided by the DOE in a letter dated May 14, 1997 (Docket A-93-02, Item II-I-31). In that \nletter, the DOE explained the conceptual model of Culebra groundwater flow used in the CCA. \nThe CCA conceptual model, referred to as the groundwater basin model, offers a three-dimensional approach to treatment of supra-Salado rock units, and assumes that vertical leakage (albeit very slow) occurs between rock units of the Rustler (where hydraulic gradients exist). \nFlow in the Culebra is considered transient, but is not expected to change significantly over the \nnext 10,000 years. This differs from previous interpretations , wherein no flow was assumed \nbetween the Rustler units. \nIn an attachment to the May 14, 1997 letter, the DOE concluded that the presence of anhydrite \nwithin the Rustler units did not preclude slow downward infiltration, as previously argued by the \nDOE, and that the observed geochemistry and flow directions can be explained with different recharge areas and Culebra travel paths. The EPA reviewed the groundwater flow and recharge \nconceptualization and concluded th at it provides a realistic repr esentation of site conditions. \nMarch 2004 2-110 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 Figure 2-37. Hydraulic Heads in the Culebra \n \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-111 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n0 Ft 20000 Ft 40000 FtWIPP SITE BOUNDARY\nNote: Contour elevations are in feet above mean sea level,\n Freshwater Head Elevations are given after the well IDWIPP-27_3089\nWIPP-25_3060\nWIPP-29_2970P-14_3049\nWIPP-26_3021\nH-7_2997\nH-9_2989H-12_3001H-17_2997\nP-17_3002H-4_3000P-15_3014H-11_3002DOE-1_3003H-5_3066WIPP-30_3084\nH-6_3061DOE-2_3086\nWQSP-3_3069WIPP-13_3075\nWQSP-1_3069\nH-18_3066\nH-2_3039\nWQSP-6_3017\nWQSP-5_3007WIPP-19_3057\nWIPP-22_3050\nWIPP-21_3039\nERDA-9_3021\nH-3_3006\nH-19_3006\nWQSP-4_3008WQSP-2_3081\nWIPP-12_3069AEC-7_3062\n1 \n2 \n3 Figure 2-37a. Potentiometric Surface. Exprsse sed as Equivalent Freshwater Head, of the \nCulebra in December 1998. \nMarch 2004 2-112 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nWIPP SITE BOUNDARY\nNote: Contour elevations are in feet above mean sea level\n Freshwater Head Elevations are given after well ID 0 Ft 20000 Ft 40000 FtWIPP-27_3090\nWIPP-25_3065\nWIPP-29_2971WIPP-26_3024\nH-7_2998H-12_3002H-17_3002P-17_3004H-4_3002H-11_3004DOE-1_3008H-5_3067WIPP-30_3089\nH-6_3065\nWQSP-3_3069WIPP-13_3075\nWQSP-1_3071\nH-2_3042\nWQSP-6_3021\nWQSP-5_3011WIPP-19_3060\nWIPP-22_3054\nWIPP-21_3043\nERDA-9_3025\nH-3_3011H-19_3010\nWQSP-4_3012WQSP-2_3081\nWIPP-12_3071\nH-10_3027AEC-7_3061\n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 Figure 2-37b. Potentiometric Surf ace, Expressed as Equivalent Freshwater Head, of the Culebra \nin December 2002. \n \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-113 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n0 Ft 20000 Ft 40000 FtWIPP SITE BOUNDARY\nNote: Differences in elevations are given in feet after each well ID\n Contour interval equals one footWIPP-27_1.06\nWIPP-25_4.55\nWIPP-29_0.57WIPP-26_3.29\nH-7_1.26H-12_1.46H-17_4.60 P-17_2.72H-4_2.32H-11_2.06DOE-1_4.84H-5_1.20WIPP-30_4.73\nH-6_3.91\nWQSP-3_0.48WIPP-13_-0.15\nWQSP-1_2.80\nH-2_3.92\nWQSP-6_4.05\nWQSP-5_4.31WIPP-19_3.21\nWIPP-22_3.85\nWIPP-21_3.78\nERDA-9_4.29\nH-3_4.28H-19_4.36\nWQSP-4_4.37WQSP-2_-0.07\nWIPP-12_2.04AEC-7_-0.85\n1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 Figure 2-37c. Changes in Freshwater Head s in the Culebra Between December 1998 and \nDecember 2002. \nDuring the CCA review, the EPA found that info rmation on the Culebra in the CCA lacked a \ndetailed discussion on the orig in of the transmissivity variations relative to fracture \ninfill/dissolution, in tegration of climatic change, and lo ading/unloading events. These are \nimportant aspects to understanding not only current transmissivity differences, but also potential \nfuture transmissivity variations that could affect PA calculati ons. The EPA’s review stated, \nhowever, that the determination of the specific origin of frac tures was not necessary because \nconditions were not expected to ch ange during the regulatory period. \nMarch 2004 2-114 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 \n9 \n10 \n11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 \n21 \n22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 30 31 \n32 \n33 \n34 35 36 37 \n38 \n39 \n40 41 The DOE provided supplemental information in letters in 1997 (Docket A-93-02, Items II-I-03, \nII-I-24, II-I-31, II-H-44, and II-H-46) indicating that dissolution of fracture fill (which has the \npotential to alter fracture permeability) is un likely to occur. The EPA accepted the DOE’s \nposition that infiltrating waters would most likely become satura ted with calcium sulfate and \nconsequently would not dissolve anhydrite or gypsum fracture fill. Further information on the EPA review of anhydrite and gypsum fracture fi ll dissolution is contai ned in EPA Technical \nSupport Document for Section 194.14: Conten t of Compliance Certif ication Application, \nSection IV.C (Docket A-93-02, Item V-B-3). \nThe Sandia National Laboratories Annual Complianc e Monitoring Parameter Assessment reports \nthe annual assessment of the Compliance Monito ring Parameters (COMPs) pursuant to the SNL \nAnalysis Plan, AP-069. The first assessment, for calendar year 1998 (SNL 2000a), showed that changes in Culebra water levels were consider ed minor. During the asse ssment of the COMP \n‘changes in groundwater flow’ fo r calendar year 2001 (SNL 2002), es timated freshwater Culebra \nheads in 15 wells were identified as above the ranges of uncertainty es timated for steady-state \nconditions at those wells. At 8 of the 15 wells, the measured water levels exceed the uncertainty \nrange before being converted to freshwater head. In these cases , conversion to freshwater head \nusing any feasible fluid density can only increase the deviation from the range. The freshwater \nhead values from late 2000 were used to calibrate the Culebra transmissivity (T) fields used to simulate the transport of radionuclides th rough the Culebra (Appendix PA, Attachment \nTFIELD). \nBecause transport through the Culebra is a minor component of the total pr edicted releases from \nthe repository, these ch anges in head values have little or no effect on the total releases to the \naccessible environment. The COMP assessment fo r the calendar year 2001 concluded that the \ncurrent head values do not indicate a condition adverse to the predicted performance of the \nrepository. However, because Culebra water leve ls are above expected values at most wells, \nwork has been initiated to investigate the reason for the change and further evaluate the impact \non performance. \nAdditional background for the Culebra model is in Appendix PA, Attachment TFIELD. \nAdditional information on long-term pumping test data is documented in Meigs et al. (2000) and slug tests and short-term pumping tests are documented in Beauheim et al. (1991b) and \nBeauheim and Ruskauff (1998). \nSeveral new publications on the Culebra updating the original CCA information have been \nreleased. Transport properties and tracer test s of the Culebra performed at the H-11 and H-19 \nhydropads are described in Meigs et al. ( 2000). The 1995-96 tracer test program, which \nconsisted of single-well injecti on-withdrawal tests and multiwe ll convergent flow tests, is \ndocumented in Meigs and Beauheim (2001). The higher permeability of the lower Culebra has \nbeen addressed in Meigs and Beauheim (2001, p. 1116). \n2.2.1.4.1.3 Tamarisk \nThe Tamarisk acts as a confining layer in the gro undwater basin model. Attempts were made in \ntwo wells, H-14 and H-16, to test a 2.4-m (7.9-ft ) sequence of the Tamarisk that consists of \nclaystone, mudstone, and siltstone overlain a nd underlain by anhydrite. Permeability was too \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-115 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nlow to measure in either well within the time allowed for testing; consequently, Beauheim \n(1987a, pp. 108-110) estimated the transmissivity of the claystone sequence to be one or more \norders of magnitude less than that of the tested interval in the Los Medaños (that is, less than \napproximately 2.7 × 101 \n2 3 \n4 \n5 \n6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 12 13 14 \n15 \n16 17 18 19 \n20 \n21 22 23 \n24 \n25 \n26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 \n35 \n36 37 38 39 40 -11 m2/s [2.5 × 10-5 ft2/day]). The porosity of the Tamarisk was measured \nin 1995 as part of testing at the H-19 hydropad (T erraTek 1996). Two claystone samples had an \neffective porosity of 21.3 to 21.7 percent. Five anhydrite samples had effective porosities of 0.2 \nto 1.0 percent. \nFluid pressures in the Tamarisk have been m easured continuously at well H-16 since 1987. \nFrom 1998 through 2002, the pressures increased a pproximately 20 psi, from 80 to 100 psi (185 \nto 230 ft of water), probably in a continuing recovery response to shaft grouting conducted in \n1993 to reduce leakage. Given the location of the pressure transdu cer, the elevation of Tamarisk \nwater level has increased from 899 to 913 m am sl (2,950 to 2,995 ft amsl) during this period. \nCurrently, no other wells in the WIPP monitoring network are completed to the Tamarisk. Thus, \nH-16 provides the only information on Tamarisk head levels. \nSimilar to the Los Medaños, the Tamarisk includ es a mudstone layer (M3/H3) that contains \nhalite in some locations at and around the WIPP s ite. This layer is considered to be important \nbecause of the effect it has on the spatial dist ribution of transmissivity of the Culebra as \ndescribed in Section 2.2.1.4.1.2. The M3/H3 marg in is described in Section 2.1.3.5 and mapped \nin Figure 2-15. \nThe Tamarisk is incorporated into the conceptual model as discussed in Section 6.4.6.3. The role \nof the Tamarisk in the groundwater basin model is in CCA Appendix MASS, Section \nMASS.14.1. Tamarisk hydrological model paramete rs are in Appendix PA, Attachment PAR, \nTable PAR-25. \n2.2.1.4.1.4 Magenta \nThe Magenta is a conductive hydro stratigraphic unit about 7.9 m (26 ft) thick at the WIPP. The \nMagenta is saturated except near outcrops al ong Nash Draw, and hydraulic data are available \nfrom 22 wells including 7 wells recompleted to the Magenta between 1995 and 2002 (SNL \n2003a). According to Mercer ( CCA Appendix HYDRO, p. 65), tran smissivity ranges over five \norders of magnitude from 1 × 10-9 to 4 × 10-4 m2/s (4 × 10-3 to 3.75 × 102 ft2/day ). A slug test \nperformed in H-9c, a recompleted Magenta well (see Figure 2-5 for we ll location), yielded a \ntransmissivity of 6 × 10-7 m2/s (0.56 ft2/day), which is consistent w ith Mercer’s findings (SNL \n2003a). The porosity of the Magenta was measur ed in 1995 as part of testing at the H-19 \nhydropad (TerraTek 1996). Four samples had effective porosities ranging from 2.7 to 25.2 percent. \nThe hydraulic transmissivities of the Magenta, ba sed on sparse data, show a decrease from west \nto east, with slight indentati ons of the contours north and south of the WIPP that correspond to \nthe topographic expression of Nash Draw. In most locations, the hydraulic conductivity of the \nMagenta is one to two orders of magnitude less than that of th e Culebra. The Magenta does not \nhave hydraulically significant fractures in the vicin ity of the WIPP. Treatment of the Magenta in \nthe model is discussed in Section 6.4.6.4 with modeling parameters in Table 6-24. \nMarch 2004 2-116 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 \n5 \n6 7 8 9 \n10 11 \n12 \n13 14 \n15 \n16 17 18 19 \n20 \n21 22 23 \n24 \n25 \n26 \n27 \n28 \n29 \n30 31 32 33 34 35 Based on Magenta water levels measured in the 1980s (Lappin et al. 1989) when a wide network \nof Magenta monitoring wells existe d, the hydraulic gradient in the Magenta across the site varies \nfrom 3 to 4 m/km (16 to 20 ft/mi) on the eastern side, steepening to a bout 6 m/km (32 ft/mi) \nalong the western side near Nash Draw (Figure 2-38). \nRegional modeling using the ground water basin model indicates th at leakage occurs into the \nMagenta from the overlying Forty-niner and out of the Magenta downward into the Tamarisk. \nRegional modeling also indicates that flow directions in the Ma genta are dominantly westward, \nsimilar to the slope of the land surface in the imme diate area of the WIPP. This flow direction is \ndifferent than the dominant flow direction in the next underlying conductiv e unit, the Culebra. \nThis difference is consistent with the groundwater basin conceptual model, in that flow in \nshallower units is expected to be more sensitive to local topography. \nInferences about vertical flow directions in the Magenta have been made from well data collected by the DOE. Beauheim (1987a, p. 137) re ported flow directions downwards out of the \nMagenta over the WIPP site, consistent with results of groundwat er basin modeling. \nHowever, Beauheim (1987a, p. 139) concluded that flow directions between the Forty-niner and \nMagenta would be upward in the three boreholes from which reliable pressure data are available for the Forty-niner (H-3, H-14, and H-16), which is not consis tent with the results of \ngroundwater modeling. This inconsistency may be the result of local heterogeneity in rock \nproperties that affect flow on a scale that cannot be duplicated in regional modeling. \nAs is the case for the Culebra, groundwater el evations in the Magent a have changed over the \nperiod of observation. The pattern of changes is similar to that observed for the Culebra (see \nSection 2.2.1.4.1.2), and is being investigated un der the current DOE hydrology program (SNL \n2003b). \n2.2.1.4.1.5 Forty-niner \nThe Forty-niner is a confining hydrostratigraphic layer about 20 m (66 ft) thick throughout the \nWIPP area and consists of low-permeability anh ydrite and siltstone. Tests by Beauheim (1987a, \n119-123 and Table 5-2) in H-14 and H-16 yiel ded transmissivities of about 3 × 10-8 to 8 × 10-8 \nm2/s (3 × 10-2 to 7 × 10-2 ft2/day) and 3 × 10-9 to 6 × 10-9 m2/s (5 × 10-3 to 6 × 10-3 ft2/day), \nrespectively, for the medial siltstone unit of th e Forty-niner. Tests of the siltstone in H-3d \nprovided transmissivity estimates of 3.8 × 10-9 to 4.8 × 10-9 m2/s (3.5 × 10-3 to 4.5 ×10-3 ft2/day) \n(Beauheim et al. 1991b, Table 5-1). The porosity of the Forty-nine r was measured as part of \ntesting at the H-19 hydropad (TerraTek 1996). Thr ee claystone samples had effective porosities \nranging from 9.1 to 24.0 percent. Four anhydrite sa mples had effective porosities ranging from \n0.0 to 0.4 percent. Model consideration of th e Forty-niner is in Section 6.4.6.5. Modeling \nparameters are in CCA Appendix PAR, Table PAR-27. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-117 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-38. Hydraulic Heads in the Magenta (1980s) \nMarch 2004 2-118 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 \n15 16 \n17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 \n25 \n26 \n27 \n28 \n29 \n30 \n31 32 33 \n34 \n35 36 \n37 \n38 39 40 41 Fluid pressures in the Forty-ni ner have been measured continuously at well H-16, approximately \n13.9 m (45.6 ft) from the well of the AIS, sin ce 1987. The pressures cycle in a sinusoidal \nfashion on an annual basis. These cycles correlate with cycles observed in rock bolt loads in the \nWIPP shafts (DOE 2002c), and presumably refl ect seasonal temperature changes causing the \nrock around the shafts to expand and contra ct. From 1998 through 2002, the pressures have \ncycled between 40 and 70 psi (90 and 160 ft of fr esh water). Given the location of the pressure \ntransducer, the elevation of Fo rty-niner water level has varied between 899 to 920 m (2,950 to \n3,020 ft) amsl during this period. Through Apr il 2002, Forty-niner water levels were also \nmeasured monthly at H-3d as part of the WI PP groundwater monitoring program. Measurements \nwere discontinued after April 2002 because of an obstruction in the well. The April 2002 Forty-\nniner water level elevation determined at H-3d was 942 m (3,092 ft) amsl. Differences in Forty-\nniner water levels at H-16 and H-3d are probably due, in part, to differences in the densities of \nthe fluids in the wells. No other wells in the WIPP monitoring network are completed to the \nForty-niner. \n2.2.1.4.2 Hydrology of the Dewey Lake and the Santa Rosa \nThe Dewey Lake and the Santa Rosa, and surf icial soils, overlie the Rustler and are the \nuppermost hydrostratigraphic units considered by the DOE. The Dewey Lake and overlying \nrocks are more permeable than the anhydrites at the top of the Rustler. Consequently, basin \nmodeling indicates that most (pr obably more than 70 percent) of the water that recharges the \ngroundwater basin (that is, percolates into the Dewey Lake from surface water) flows only in the \nrocks above the Rustler. As modeled, the rest leaks vertically through the upper anhydrites of \nthe Rustler and into the Magenta or continues downward to the Culebra. More flow occurs into \nthe Rustler units at times of greater recharge . Even though it carries most of the modeled \nrecharge, lateral flow in the Dewey Lake is slow because of its low permeability in most areas. \nA saturated, perched-water zone ha s been identified in the lower Santa Rosa directly below the \noperational area of the WIPP (DOE 1999; INTERA 1997a; INTERA 1997b; DES 1997). The \nzone occurred at a location that previously had be en dry or only partially saturated. Details are \nprovided in Appendix DATA and a su mmary provided in Section 2.2.1.4.2.2. \n2.2.1.4.2.1 Dewey Lake \nThe Dewey Lake contains a productive zone of saturation, probably under water-table \nconditions, in the southwestern to south-central portion of the WIPP site and south of the site. \nSeveral wells operated by the J.C. Mills Ranch south of the WIPP site produce sufficient quantities of water from the Dewey Lake to supp ly livestock. Short-term production rates of 5.7 \nto 6.8 m\n3/hr (25 to 30 gpm) were observed in bo reholes P-9 (Jones 1978, Vol. 1., pp. 167- 168), \nWQSP-6, and WQSP-6a (see CCA Appendix US DW). Based on a single hydraulic test \nconducted at WQSP-6a (Figure 2-6), Beauheim and Ruskauff (1998) estimated the transmissivity \nof a 7.3m (24ft) fractured secti on of the Dewey Lake at 3.9 × 10-4 m2/s (360 ft2/day). The \nproductive zone is typically found in the middl e of the Dewey Lake, 55 to 81 m (180 to 265 ft) \nbelow ground surface and appears to derive much of its transmissivity from open fractures. \nWhere present, the saturated zone may be perched or simply underlain by less transmissive rock. \nFractures below the productive zone tend to be completely filled with gypsum. Open fractures \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-119 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 \n17 \n18 and/or moist (but not fully satura ted) conditions have been observ ed at similar depths north of \nthe zone of saturation, at the H-1, H-2, and H-3 boreholes (CCA Appendix HYDRO, p. 69). \nUnder the groundwater monitoring program (Appe ndix MON-2004), water levels are measured \nin two Dewey Lake wells, WQSP-6a and H-3d, locat ed south of the WIPP site center (Figure 2-\n6). Water levels in these two wells ar e currently 975 and 937 m (3,198 and 3,075 ft) amsl, \nrespectively. Water levels at WQSP-6a remain rela tively constant. Over the past several years, \nwater levels at H-3d have risen about 0.3 m/yr (1 ft/yr). Futu re changes in the Dewey Lake \nwater table due to wetter conditi ons are part of the conceptual model discussed in Sections 6.4.6 \nand 6.4.9. \nSimilar to the six Culebra WQSP wells (WQSP- 1 through WQSP-6), Dewey Lake water quality \nis determined semiannually at WQSP-6a. Baseli ne concentrations for major ion species have \nalso been determined from ten rounds of sampli ng. The 95 percent confid ence intervals for the \nmajor ion species presented in SNL (2001) are sh own in Table 2-9 and indicate the Dewey Lake \nwater at this location is relatively fresh. Major ion concentrations have been stable within the \nbaseline 95 percent confidence intervals for all 14 rounds of sampling conducted through May \n2002 (Kehrman 2002). \nTable 2-9. Ninety-Five Percent Conf idence Intervals for Dewey Lake \nWater-Quality Baseline \nWell \nI.D. Cl- \nConc. \n(mg/L) SO 42- \nConc. \n(mg/L) HCO 3-\nConc.\n(mg/L) Na+ \nConc. \n(mg/L) Ca2+ \nConc. \n(mg/L) Mg2+ \nConc. \n(mg/L) K+ \nConc. \n(mg/L) \nWQSP-6a 433-764 1610-2440 97-111 253-354 554-718 146-185 1.8-9.2 \n19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 \n29 \n30 31 \n32 \n33 34 35 Powers (1997) suggests that what distinguishes the low-transmissivity lower Dewey Lake from \nthe high-transmissivity upper Dewey Lake is a ch ange in natural cements from carbonate (above) \nto sulfate (below). Resistivity logs correlate with this cement change and show a drop in \nporosity across the cement-change boundary. Si milarly, porosity measurements made on eight \ncore samples from the Dewey Lake from we ll H-19b4 showed a range from 14.9 to 24.8 percent \nfor the four samples from above the cement cha nge, and a range from 3.5 to 11.6 percent for the \nfour samples from below the cement change (Te rraTek 1996). In the vicinity of the surface \nstructures area of the WIPP, Powers (1997) propos ed the surface of the cement change is at a \ndepth of approximately 50 to 55 m (165 to 180 ft), is irregular, and trends downward \nstratigraphically to the south a nd west of the site center. \nDuring site characterization and in itial construction of the WIPP shafts, the Dewey Lake did not \nproduce water within the WIPP shafts or in boreh oles in the immediate vicinity of the panels. \nHowever, since 1995, water has been observed leaking into the exhaust shaft at a depth of \napproximately 24.4 m (80 ft) at the location of the Dewey Lake/ Santa Rosa contact (Docket A-\n93-02, Item number 11-1-07, 1999; INTERA 1997a; INTERA 1997b). As described below in \nSection 2.2.1.4.2.2, the water is interpreted to be from an anthropogenic source, including \ninfiltration from WIPP rainfall-runoff retent ion ponds and the WIPP salt storage area and \nMarch 2004 2-120 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 \n9 \n10 \n11 \n12 \n13 14 \n15 \n16 \n17 18 19 20 21 \n22 \n23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 \n30 \n31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 \n39 \n40 evaporation pond located at the su rface. At the site center, thin cemented zones in the upper \nDewey Lake retard, at least temporarily, downward infiltration of modern waters. \nSaturation of the uppermost Dewey Lake was observed for the first time in 2001 as well C-2737 was being drilled (Powers 2002c). Well C-2811 was th en installed nearby to monitor this zone \n(Powers and Stensrud 2003). Because of the prox imity of these two wells to the WIPP surface \nstructures area, and the absence of water at th is horizon when earlier wells were drilled, the \nsaturation is assumed to be an extension of the anthropogenic wa ters described in the following \nsection. \nFor modeling purposes, the hydraulic conductivity of the Dewey Lake, assuming saturation, is estimated to be 10\n-8 m/sec (3 × 10-3 ft/day), corresponding to the hydraulic conductivity of fine-\ngrained sandstone and silt stone (Davies 1989, p. 110). \nThe Dewey Lake is the uppermost important layer in the hydrological model. Its treatment is discussed in Section 6.4.6.6 and Appendix PA, Attachment MASS, Section MASS.14.2. Model \nparameters are in Table 6-25 and in A ppendix PA, Attachment PAR, Table PAR-22. \n2.2.1.4.2.2 Santa Rosa \nThe Santa Rosa ranges from 0 to 91 m (0 to about 300 ft) thick and is pr esent over the eastern \nhalf of the WIPP site. It is absent over the west ern portion of the site. It crops out northeast of \nNash Draw. The Santa Rosa near the WIPP site may have a naturalwater -saturated thickness of \nlimited extent. It has a porosity of about 13 percent and a specifi c capacity of 0.029 to 0.041 \nL/s/m (0.14 to 0.20 gallons per minute per foot (gpm /ft) of drawdown, where it yields water in \nthe WIPP region. \nIn May 1995, a scheduled inspectio n of the WIPP exhaust shaft revealed water emanating from \ncracks in the concrete liner at a depth of approximately 24.4 m (80 ft) below the shaft collar. Because little or no groundwater had been encounte red at this depth interval previously (Bechtel \n1979; DOE 1983; Holt and Powers 1984, 1986), the DOE implemented a program in early 1996 to investigate the source and extent of the water. The program included in stallation of wells and \npiezometers, hydraulic testing (pumping tests), water-quality sampling and analysis, and water-level and precipitation monitoring (Docket A- 93-02, Item number 11-1-07, DOE 1999; INTERA \n1997a; DES 1997; INTERA 1997b). \nIn the initial phases of th e investigation, three wells (C-2505, C-2506, and C-2507) and 12 \npiezometers (PZ-1 through PZ-12) were installed within the surface structures area of the WIPP \nsite (Figure 2-39). The three we lls were located near the exhaust shaft and completed to the \nSanta Rosa/Dewey Lake contact (approximately 15 m [50 ft] below ground surface). Similarly, \nthe piezometers were also completed to the Sa nta Rosa/Dewey Lake contact (approximately 16 \nto 23 m [55 to 75 ft] below ground surface). All wells and piezometers, with the exception of \nPZ-8, encountered a saturated zone just above the Santa Rosa/Dewey Lake contact, but water did \nnot appear to have percolated significantly into the Dewey Lake. PZ-8, the piezometer located \nfarthest to the east in the study area, was a dry hole. \nSubsequent to the well and piezo meter installations, water-level, water-quality, and rainfall data \nwere collected. In addition, hydraulic tests were performed to estimate hydrologic properties and \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-121 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 \n14 \n15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 \n23 \n24 25 \n26 \n27 water production rates. These da ta suggest that the water present in the Santa Rosa below the \nWIPP surface structures area represents an uncon fined, water-bearing horizon perched on top of \nthe Dewey Lake (DES 1997). Pressure data coll ected from instruments located in the exhaust \nshaft show no apparent hydrologi c communication between the Sant a Rosa and other formations \nlocated stratigraphically below the Santa Rosa. \nA water-level-surface map of the Santa Rosa in the vicinity of the WIPPsurface structures area \nindicates that a potentiometric high is located near the salt water evaporation pond and PZ-7 \n(Figure 2-40). The water level at PZ-7 is appr oximately 1 m (3.3 ft) highe r than the water levels \nin any other wells or piezometers. Water is pr esumed to move radially from this potentiometric \nhigh. The areal extent of the water is larger than the 80-acre investiga tive area shown in Figure \n2-39 (DES 1997) as evidenced by drilling record s of C-2737 (Powers 2002c) located outside of \nand south of the WIPP surface structures area th at indicate a Santa Rosa /Dewey Lake perched-\nwater horizon at a depth of approximately 18 m (60 ft). The study of this water is ongoing. \nWater-quality data for the perched Santa Rosa waters are highly variab le and appear to be \ndominated by two anthropogenic sources: (1) ru noff of rainfall into and infiltration from the \nretention ponds located to the south of the WIPP surface facilities, and (2 ) infiltration of saline \nwaters from the salt storage area, the salt stor age evaporation pond, and perhaps remnants of the \ndrilling and tailings pit used during the construction of the WIPP sa lt shaft. The total dissolved \nsolids (TDS) in the perched water range from less than 3,000 mg/L at PZ-10 to more than 160,000 mg/L at PZ-3 (DES 1997). Concentration contours are known to shift with time. For \nexample, the high-TDS zone centered at PZ-3 mo ved observably to the no rtheast toward PZ-9 \nbetween February 1997 and October 2000 (DOE 2002b). \nHydraulic tests (Docket A-93-02, Item number 11-1- 07, DOE; INTERA 1997a; DES 1997) \nconducted in the three wells and 12 piezometers indicate that th e Santa Rosa behaves as a low-\npermeability, unconfined aquifer perched on the Dewey Lake. Hydraulic conductivity ranges \nfrom 2.6 × 10-8 to 5.5 × 10-5 m/s (7.4 × 10-3 to 16 ft/day). The wells are capable of producing at \nrates of about 0.3 to 1.0 gpm. The estimated st orativity value for the Santa Rosa is 1 × 10-2. \n28 \n29 \n30 31 32 \n33 34 \n35 36 37 2.2.1.5 Hydrology of Other Groundwater Zones of Regional Importance \nThe groundwater regimes in the Capitan Limestone, which is generally regarded as the northern \nboundary of the Delaware Basin, and Nash Draw ha ve been evaluated by the DOE as part of the \nWIPP project because of their importance in some processes, notably dissolution features, that the DOE has determined to be of low probability at the WIPP site. \n2.2.1.5.1 Capitan Limestone \nThe Capitan Limestone (hereafter referred to as th e Capitan), which outcrops in the southern end \nof the Guadalupe Mountains, is a massive limest one unit that grades basinward into recemented, \npartly dolomitized reef breccia and shelfward in to bedded carbonates and evaporites. A deeply \nincised submarine canyon near the Eddy-Lea count y line has been identif ied (Hiss 1976). This \nMarch 2004 2-122 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 Figure 2-39. Site Map of WIPP Surface Struct ures Area Showing Location of Wells (e.g., \nC-2505) and Piezometers (e.g., PZ-1) (after INTERA 1997) \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-123 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 \n6 \n7 \n8 \n9 \n10 \n11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Figure 2-40. Santa Rosa Potentiometric Surface Map \ncanyon is filled with sediments of lower perm eability than the Capitan and, according to Hiss \n(1975 p. 199), restricts fluid flow. The hydrauli c conductivity of the Capitan ranges from 3 × \n10-6 to 9 × 10-5 m/s (1 to 25 ft/day) in southern Lea County and is 1.7 × 10-5 m/s (5 ft/day) east \nof the Pecos River at Carlsbad (CCA Appe ndix HYDRO, p. 34). Hiss (1975, p. 199) reported in \n1975 that average transmissivities around the nort hern and eastern margins of the Delaware \nBasin are 0.01 m2/s (10,000 ft2/day) in thick sections and 5.4 × 10-4 m2/s (500 ft2/day) in incised \nsubmarine canyons. Water table conditions are f ound in the Capitan aquifer southwest of the \nPecos River at Carlsbad; however, artesian conditions exist to th e north and east. The hydraulic \ngradient to the southeast of the submarine canyon near the Eddy-Lea county line has been \naffected by large oil field withdrawals. The Capitan is recharged by percolation through the \nnorthern shelf aquifers, by flow from the sout h and west from underlyi ng basin aquifers (see \ninformation on the Bell Canyon, Section 2.2.1.2.1), and by direct infiltration at its outcrop in the \nGuadalupe Mountains. The Capitan is important in the regional hydrology because breccia pipes \nin the Salado have formed over it, most likel y in response to the e ffects of dissolution by \ngroundwater flowing in the Castile along the ba se of the Salado. See CCA Appendix DEF, \nSection DEF.3.1 for a more thorough di scussion of breccia pipe formation. \nMarch 2004 2-124 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 \n17 \n18 \n19 \n20 \n21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 27 28 \n29 \n30 31 32 33 34 35 \n36 \n37 38 39 40 2.2.1.5.2 Hydrology of the Rustler-Sala do Contact Zone in Nash Draw \nAs discussed in Sections 2.1.3.4 and 2.1.6.2.1, in Nash Draw the contact between the Rustler and \nthe Salado is an unstructured re siduum of gypsum, clay, and sands tone created by the dissolution \nof halite and has been known as the brine aquifer, Rustler-Salado residuum, and residuum. The residuum is absent under the WIPP site. It is clear that dissolution in Nash Draw occurred after deposition of the Rustler (see CCA Appendix DEF, Section DEF.3.2 for a discussion of lateral \ndissolution of the Rustler-Salado contact). As described previ ously, the topographic low formed \nby Nash Draw is a groundwater divide in the gr oundwater basin conceptu al model of the units \nabove the Salado. The brine aquifer is shown in Figure 2-41. \nRobinson and Lang (1938) described the brine aq uifer (Section 2.1.3.4) and suggested that the \nstructural conditions that caused the development of Nash Draw might control the occurrence of \nthe brine; thus, the brine aquifer boundary may coincide with the topographic surface expression \nof Nash Draw, as shown in Figure 2-33. Their studies show brine conc entrated along a strip \nfrom 3.3 to 13 km (2 to 8 mi) wide and about 43 km (26 mi) long. Data from the test holes that \nRobinson and Lang (1938) drilled indicate that the residuum (containing the brine) ranges in \nthickness from 3 to 18 m (10.5 to 60 ft) and averages about 24 feet (7 meters). \nHydraulic properties were determined by Hale et al. (1954) primarily for the area between \nMalaga Bend on the Pecos River and Laguna Grande de la Sal. They calcu lated a transmissivity \nvalue of 8.6 × 10-3 m2/s (8,000 ft2/day) and estimated the potentiometric gradient to be \n0.27 m/km (1.4 ft/mi). In this area, the Rustle r-Salado residuum appare ntly is part of a \ncontinuous hydrologic system, as evidenced by the co incident fluctuation of water levels in the \ntest holes (as far away as Laguna Grande de la Sal) with pumping rates in irrigation wells along \nthe Pecos River. \nIn the northern half of Nash Draw, the approxima te outline of the brine aquifer as described by \nRobinson and Lang (1938) has been supported by drilling associated with the WIPP \nhydrogeologic studies. These studie s also indicate that the main differences in areal extent occur \nalong the eastern side where the bou ndary is very irregular and, in places (test holes P-14 and H-\n07), extends farther east than previous ly indicated by Robinson and Lang (1938). \nOther differences from the earlier studies include the variability in thickness of residuum present in test holes WIPP-25 through WIPP-29. These holes indicate thicknesses ranging from 3.3 m \n(11 ft) in WIPP-25 to 33 m (108 ft) in WIPP-29 in Nash Draw, compared to 2.4 m (8 ft) in test hole P-14, east of Nash Draw. The specific geohydrologic mechanism that has caused dissolution to be greater in one area than in another is not appa rent, although a general increase \nin chloride concentration in water from the north to the south may indicate the effects of \nmovement down the natural hydraulic gradient in Nash Draw. \nThe average hydraulic gradient within the residuum in Nash Draw is about 1.9 m/km (10 ft/mi); \nin contrast, the average gradie nt at the WIPP site is 7.4 m/ km (39 ft/mi) (CCA Appendix \nHYDRO, p. 50). This difference reflects the change s in transmissivity, which are as much as \nfive orders of magnitude greater in Nash Draw. The transmissivity determined from aquifer tests \nin test holes completed in the Rustler-Sala do contact residuum of Nash Draw ranges from \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-125 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 Figure 2-41. Brine Aquifer in the Nash Draw (Redrawn from CCA Appendix HYDRO, \nFigure 14) \nMarch 2004 2-126 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n2.1 × 10-10 m2/s (2 × 10-4 ft2/day) at WIPP-27 to 8.6 × 10-6 m2/s (9 8 ft2/day) at WIPP-29. This \nis in contrast to the WIPP site proper , where transmissivities range from 3.2 × 101 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 6 \n7 \n8 9 \n10 \n11 \n12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 \n21 \n22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 \n32 \n33 \n34 35 36 \n37 \n38 39 40 !11 m2/s \n(3 × 10-5 ft2/day) at test holes P- 18 and H-5c to 5.4 × 10-8 m2/s (5 × 10-2 ft2/day) at test hole P-\n14 (CCA Appendix HYDRO, p. 50). Locations a nd estimated hydraulic heads of these wells \nbased on water-level measurements made in the 1980s (Lappin et al. 1989) are illustrated in \nFigure 2-42. \nHale et al. (1954) believed the Rustler-Salado cont act residuum discharges to the alluvium near \nMalaga Bend on the Pecos River. Because the conf ining beds in this area are probably fractured \nbecause of dissolution and collapse of the evapor ites, the brine (under artesian head) moves up \nthrough these fractures into the overlying alluvium and then discharges into the Pecos River. \nAccording to CCA Appendix HYDRO, p. 55, water in the Rustler-Salado contact residuum in \nNash Draw contains the largest concentrations of dissolved solids in the WIPP area, ranging \nfrom 41,500 mg/L in borehole H-1 to 412,000 mg/L in borehole H-5c. These waters are \nclassified as brines. The dissolved mineral consti tuents in the brine consist mostly of sulfates \nand chlorides of calcium, magnesium, sodium, an d potassium; the major constituents are sodium \nand chloride. Concentrations of the other major ions vary accordi ng to the spatial location of the \nsample, are probably directly related to the intera ction of the brine and th e host rocks, and reflect \nresidence time within the rocks. Residence time of the brine depends upon the transmissivity of \nthe rock. For example, the presence of large concentrations of potassium and magnesium in \nwater is correlated with minimal permeability and a relatively undeveloped flow system. \nThe EPA’s initial review of the CCA found the discussion of the Rustler/Salado contact to \nrequire clarification, particularly with respect to the possibility of the continued development and \ncharacteristics of a dissolution fr ont along this contact, and the impact that continued dissolution \nwithin the brine aquifer residuum would have on the overlying units of the Rustler. The DOE \ndiscussed the rate and extent of dissolution processes furthe r in supplemental information \nprovided in a letter dated June 13, 1997 (D ocket A-93-02, II-H-44). Based upon this \ninformation, the EPA concluded that, while dissolution may occur along the Rustler/Salado contact, it would not affect the WIPP’s containment capabilities dur ing the regulatory time \nperiod. Further discussion of th is topic is contained in EPA Technical Support Document for \nSection 194.14: Content of Co mpliance Certificati on Application, Sectio n IV.C.3 (Docket A-93-\n02, Item V-B-3). \n2.2.2 Surface-Water Hydrology \nThe WIPP site is in the Pecos River basin, which contains about 50 percent of the drainage area \nof the Rio Grande Water Resources Region. The Pecos River headwaters are northeast of Santa \nFe, and the river flows to the south through easte rn New Mexico and western Texas to the Rio \nGrande. The Pecos River has an overall length of about 805 km (500 mi), a maximum basin width of about 209 km (130 mi), and a drainage area of about 115,301 km\n2 (44,535 mi2). (About \n53,075 km2 [20,500 mi2] contained within the basin have no external surface drainage and their \nsurface waters do not contribute to Pecos River flows.) Figure 2-43 shows the Pecos River drainage area. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-127 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 Figure 2-42. Measured Water Levels of the Los Medaños and Rustler-Salado \nContact Zone (1980s) \nMarch 2004 2-128 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 \n30 \n31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 \n42 \n43 The Pecos River generally flows year-round, excep t in the reach below Anton Chico where the \nlow flows percolate into the stream bed. The main stem of the Pecos River and its major \ntributaries have low flows, and the tributary stre ams are frequently dry. About 75 percent of the \ntotal annual precipitation and 60 percent of the annual flow result from intense local \nthunderstorms between April and September. \nThere are no perennial streams at the WIPP site. At its nearest point, the Pecos River is about 19 \nkm (12 mi) southwest of the WIPP site boundary. A few small creeks and draws are the only westward flowing tributaries of th e Pecos River within 32 km (20 mi ) north or south of the site. \nNash Draw, the largest surface drai nage feature east of the Peco s River in the WIPP region, is a \nclosed depression and does not provide surface flow into the Pecos. Potash mining operations in \nand near Nash Draw likely contribute to the flow in Nash Draw. For example, the Mississippi \nPotash Inc. East operation located 11 to 13 km (7 to 8 mi) due north of the WIPP site disposes of \nmine tailings and refining-process effluent on its property and has done so since 1965. Records \nobtained from the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer show that since 1973, an average of \n3 × 10\n6 m3 (2,400 acre-feet [ac-ft]) of water per year has been pumped from local aquifers \n(Ogallala and Capitan) for use in the potash-refining process at that location (SNL 2003b). Based on knowledge of the potash refining proce ss, approximately 90 percent of the pumped \nwater is estimated to be discharged to the tailings pile. Geohydrology Associates (1978) \nestimated that approximately half of the brine disc harged onto potash tailings piles in Nash Draw \nseeps into the ground annually, while the remainder evaporates. The Black River (drainage area: \n1,035 km\n2 [400 mi2]) joins the Pecos from the west about 25 km (16 mi) southwest of the site. \nThe Delaware River (drainage area: 1,812 km2 [700 mi2]) and a number of small creeks and \ndraws also join the Pecos River along this r each. The flow in the Pecos River below Fort \nSumner is regulated by storage in Sumner Lake , Brantley Reservoir, Lake Avalon, and several \nother smaller irrigation dams. \nFive major reservoirs are located on the Pecos River: Santa Rosa Lake, Sumner Lake, Brantley \nReservoir, Lake Avalon, and the Re d Bluff Reservoir, the last lo cated just over the border in \nTexas (Figure 2-43). The storage capacities of th ese reservoirs and the Two Rivers Reservoir in \nthe Pecos River Basin are shown in Table 2-10. \nWith regard to surface drainage onto and off of the WIPP site, there are no major natural lakes or \nponds within 8 km (5 mi) of the site. Laguna Gatuña, Laguna Tonto, La guna Plata, and Laguna \nToston are playas more than 16 km (10 mi) north and are at elevations of 1,050 m (3,450 ft) or \nhigher. Thus, surface runoff from the site (e levation 1,010 m [3,310 ft] ab ove sea level) would \nnot flow toward any of them. To the northwest , west, and southwest, Red Lake, Lindsey Lake, \nand Laguna Grande de la Sal are more than 8 km (5 mi) from the site, at elevations of 914 to \n1,006 m (3,000 to 3,300 ft). A low-flow investigation has been initiated by the USGS within the \nHill Tank Draw drainage area, the most prominen t drainage feature near the WIPP site. The \ndrainage area is about 10.3 km2 (4 mi2), with an average channe l slope of 1 to 100, and the \ndrainage is westward into Nash Draw. Two years of observations showed only four flow events. \nThe USGS estimates that the flow rate for these events was under 0.057 m3/s (2 ft3/s) (DOE \n1980, pp. 7- 74). \nAs discussed in Section 2.5.2.3, the mean annual precipitation in the re gion is 0.33 m (13 in.), \nand the mean annual runoff is 2.5 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in.). The maximum recorded 24-hour \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-129 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 Figure 2-43. Location of Reservoirs and Gauging Stations in the Pecos River Drainage \nArea \nMarch 2004 2-130 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nTable 2-10. Capacities of Reservoirs in the Pecos River Drainage 1 \nReservoir River Total Storage Capacitya\n(ac-ft) Useb\nSanta Rosa Pecos 282000 FC \nSumner Pecos 122100 IR, R \nBrantley Pecos 42000 IR, R, FC \nAvalon Pecos 5000 IR \nRed Bluff Pecos 310000 IR, P \nTwo Rivers Rio Hondo 167900 FC \na Capacity below the lowest uncontrolled outlet or spillway. \nb Legend: \n FC flood control \n IR irrigation \n R recreation \n P hydroelectric \n2 \n3 4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 \n14 \n15 \n16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 precipitation at Carlsbad was 130 mm (5.12 in.) in August 1916. The predicted maximum 6-\nhour, 100-year precipitation event for the site is 91 mm (3.6 in.) and is most likely to occur \nduring the summer. The maximum recorded daily snowfall at Carlsbad was 254 mm (10 in.) in \nDecember 1923. \nThe maximum recorded flood on the Pecos River occurred near the town of Malaga, New \nMexico, on August 23, 1966, with a discharge of 3,396 m3 (120,000 ft3) per second and a stage \nelevation of about 895 m (2,938 ft) amsl. The mi nimum surface elevation at the WIPP is over 91 \nm (300 ft) above the elevation of this maxi mum historic flood ( DOE 1980, Section 7.4.1). \nAs discussed in the FEIS (DOE 1980, pp. 7- 71) , more than 90 percent of the mean annual \nprecipitation at the site is lost by evapot ranspiration. On a mean monthly basis, \nevapotranspiration at the site greatly exceeds the available rainfall; however, intense local thunderstorms may produce runoff and percolation. \nWater quality in the Pecos River basin is aff ected by mineral pollution from natural sources and \nfrom irrigation return flows (see Section 2.4.2.2 fo r discussion of surface -water quality). At \nSanta Rosa, New Mexico, the average suspended-sediment discharge of the river is about 1,497 \nmetric tons/day (1,650 tons/day). Large amounts of chlorides from Salt Creek and Bitter Creek enter the river near Roswell. River inflow in the Hagerman area contributes increased amounts \nof calcium, magnesium, and sulfate; and waters entering the river near Lake Arthur are high in \nchloride. Below Brantley Reservoir, springs fl owing into the river are usually submerged and \ndifficult to sample; springs that could be sampled had TDS concentrations of 3,350 to \n4,000 mg/L. Concentrated brine entering at Malaga Bend adds an estimated 64 metric tons/day \n(370 tons/day) of chloride to the P ecos River (CCA Appendix GCR, pp. 6-7). \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-131 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n2.3 Resources 1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 \n31 \n32 \n33 \n34 35 36 \n37 \n38 \n39 \n40 At the outset of the repository program, the DOE understood the importance of resources in the \nvicinity of a disposal system. Several of the siting criteria em phasized avoidance of resources \nthat would impact the performance of the disposal system. In this regard, the DOE selected a \nsite that (1) maximized the use of federal lands, (2) avoided known oil and gas trends, (3) \nminimized the impacts on potash deposits, and (4) avoided existing drill holes. While the DOE \ncould not meet all these criteria totally, it is shown that the favorable characteristics of the \nlocation compensate for any increased risks due to the presence of resour ces. Consequently, the \nDOE has prepared this section to discuss resources that may exis t at or beneath the WIPP site. \nThe topic of resources is used to broadly de fine both economic (mineral and nonmineral) and \ncultural resources associated with the WIPP site . These resources are important because they \n(1) provide evidence of past uses of the area and (2) indi cate potential future use of the area with \nthe possibility that such use coul d lead to disruption of the clos ed repository. Because of the \ndepth of the disposal horizon, it is believed that only the minera l resources are of significance in \npredicting the long-term performance of the disposal system. However, the nonmineral and \ncultural resources are presented for completeness because they are included in the FEP screening \ndiscussions in Chapter 6 and Appendix PA, Atta chment SCR. Information needed to make \nscreening decisions includes na tural resource distributions, in cluding potable groundwaters, the \ndistribution of drillholes, mines, excavations, a nd other man-made features that exploit these \nresources, the distribution of drillholes and excavation used for disposal or injection purposes, activities that significantly alte r the land surface, agricultural ac tivities that may affect the \ndisposal system, archaeological re sources requiring deep excavati on to exploit, and technological \nchanges that may alter lo cal demographics. This information is presented here or is referenced. \nWith respect to minerals or hydr ocarbons, reserves are the portion of resources that are economic \nat today’s market prices and with existing technology. For hydrocarbons, proved (proven) \nreserves are an estimated quantity that engineerin g and geologic data analysis demonstrates, with \nreasonable certainty, is recoverable in the futu re from discovered oil and gas pools. Probable \nresources (extensions) consist of oil and gas in pools that have been discovered but not yet \ndeveloped by drilling. Their presence and dist ribution can generally be surmised with a high \ndegree of confidence. Probable re sources (new pools) consist of o il and gas surmised to exist in \nundiscovered pools within existing fields. (Definitions are from NMBMMR 1995, V-2 and \nV-3.) \nMineral resource discussions are focused principally on hydrocarbons and potassium salts, both of which have long histories of development in the region. Development of either resource \npotentially could be disruptive to the disposal system. The information regarding the mineral \nresources concentrates on the following factors: \n• number, location, depth, and pr esent state of development, including penetrations through \nthe disposal horizon, \n• type of resource, \n• accessibility, quality, and demand, and \nMarch 2004 2-132 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 \n11 \n12 \n13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 • mineral ownership in the area. \nThe specific impacts of resource development ar e discussed in Section 6.4.6.2.3, where scenarios \nrelated to mineral development are included for eval uation of disposal system performance. This \ndiscussion uses information presented in CCA Appendices DEL and MASS as indicated in the \nfollowing text. The discussion of cultural and economic resources is focused on describing past \nand present land uses unrelated to the developm ent of minerals. The archaeological record \nsupports the observation that change s in land use are principally associated with climate and the \navailability of forage for wild and domestic anim als. In no case does it appear that past or \npresent land use has had an impact on the subsurface beyond the development of shallow \ngroundwater wells to water livestock. \n2.3.1 Extractable Resources \nThe geologic studies of the WIPP site included the investigation of potential natural resources to \nevaluate the impact of denying access to these resources and other consequences of their occurrence. Studies were completed in support of the FEIS to ensure knowledge of natural \nresources, and the impacts of denying access were included in the decision-making process for WIPP. Of the natural resources expected to occur beneath the site, five are of practical concern: \nthe two potassium salts sylvite and langbeinite, which occur in the McNutt; and the three \nhydrocarbons, crude oil, natural gas, and distillate liquids associated with natural ga s, all three of \nwhich occur elsewhere in strata below the Castile . Other mineral resources beneath the site are \ncaliche, salt, gypsum, and lithium; enormous deposits of these minerals near the site and elsewhere in the country are more than adequa te (and more economically attractive) to meet \nfuture requirements for these materials. In 1995, the NMBMMR performe d a reevaluation of the \nmineral resources at and within 1.6 km (1 mi) ar ound the WIPP site. The following discussion is \nbased in part on information from NMBMMR (1995). \n25 \n26 \n27 28 29 \n30 \n31 32 33 34 35 \n36 \n37 38 39 2.3.1.1 Potash Resources at the WIPP Site \nThroughout the Carlsbad Potash District, commercial quantities of potassium salts are restricted \nto the middle portion of the Salado, locally called the McNutt. A total of 11 zones (or distinct ore layers) have been recognized in the McNutt. Horizon Number 1 is at the base, and Number \n11 is at the top. The 11th ore zone is not mined. \nThe USGS uses three standard grades—low, lease, and high—to quantify the potash resources at \nthe site. The USGS assumes that the lease and high grades comprise reserves because some lease-grade ore is mined in the Carlsbad Potash District. Most of the potash that is mined, \nhowever, is better typified as high-grade. Even the high-grade resources may not be reserves, \nhowever, if properties such as high clay content make processing uneconomical. The analysis in \nNMBMMR (1995) distinguishes between lease- grade ore and economically mineable ore. \nThe NMBMMR (1995) study contains a comprehensiv e summary of all previous potash resource \nevaluations. NMBMMR (1995, Chapter VII) used 40 existing boreholes drilled on and around \nthe WIPP site to perform a reevaluation of potash re sources. He selected holes that were drilled \nusing brine so that the dissolution of potassium salts was inhibited. The conclusion reached is \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-133 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 that only the 4th and 10th ore zones contain economic potash reserves. The quantities are \nsummarized in Table 2-11. \nTable 2-11. Current Estimates of Potash Resources at the WIPP Site \n Recoverable Ore (106 tons) \nMining Unit Product Within the WIPP site One-Mile Strip Adjacent \nto the WIPP site \n4th Ore Zone Langbeinite 40.5 at 6.99%* 126.0 at 7.30% \n10th Ore Zone Sylvite 52.3 at 13.99% 105.0 at 14.96% \nSource: NMBMMR 1995, Chapter VII. \n \n* For example, read as 40.5 × 106 tons of ore at a grade of 6.99 percent or higher. \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Within the Carlsbad Known Potash Leasing Area, e xploration holes have been drilled to evaluate \nthe grade of the various ore zones. These ar e included in the drill hole database in CCA \nAppendix DEL. None of the economically mina ble reserves identified by the NMBMMR lies \ndirectly above the waste panels. The known potash leases within the Delaware Basin are shown in Figure 2-44 and are detailed in CCA Appendix D EL, Figure DEL-8. From information in this \nfigure and other data which is provided in CCA Appendix MASS, Attachment 15-5, DOE \nevaluates the extent of future mining outside th e land withdrawal area. The extent of possible \nfuture mining within the contro lled area is shown in Figure 2-45. The DOE also addresses this \nsubject with respect to PA in Section 6.4.6.2.3. \nThe EPA concluded that neither the DOE’s nor the Department of Interior’s (DOI) estimate shows the area above the WIPP waste panels as containing mineable reserves. The DOE \nprovided supplemental information in a letter dated May 14, 1997, indicating that potash solution \nmining and brine extraction do not need to be co nsidered for the PA, based on low consequence \nto the containment capability of the reposito ry (Docket A-93-02, Item II-I-31). The EPA \nreviewed the supplemental data and concurred with the DOE’s conclusion. To obtain further discussion on this topic, CARD 32-Section 32.B, CARD 33-Section 33A , and CARD 32-Section \n32 F (Docket A-93-02, item III-B-2) may be refere nced. Additional information is found in \nFEPs screening discussions for solution mi ning for potash and solution mining for other \nresources (FEPs H58 and H59) in Appendix PA, Attachment SCR. \n23 \n24 \n25 \n26 27 28 29 30 31 2.3.1.2 Hydrocarbon Resources at the WIPP Site \nIn 1974, Foster of the NMBMMR conducted a hydr ocarbon resource study in southeastern New \nMexico under contract to the ORNL. The study included an area of 3,914 km2 (1,512 mi2). At \nthe time of that study, the proposed repository site was about 8 km (5 mi) northeast of the current \nsite. The 1974 NMBMMR evaluation included a mo re detailed study of a four-township area \ncentered on the old s ite; the present site is in the southwest quadrant of that area. The 1974 \nNMBMMR hydrocarbon resources study (Foster 1974) is presented in more detail in the FEIS \n(DOE 1980, Section 9.2.3.5). The reader is refe rred to the FEIS or the original study for \nadditional information. \nMarch 2004 2-134 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-44. Known Potash Leases Within the Delaware Basin \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-135 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 Figure 2-45. Extent of Econom ically Mineable Reserves Inside the Site Boundary (Based \non NMBMMR Report) \nThe resource evaluation was based both on the know n reserves of crude oil and natural gas in the \nregion and on the probability of discovering ne w reservoirs in areas where past unsuccessful \ndrilling was either too widely sp read or too shallow to have allowed discovery. Potentially \nproductive zones were considered in the evalua tion; therefore, the findings may be used for \nestimating the total hydrocarbon resources at the site. A fundamental assumption in the study was that the WIPP area has the same poten tial for containing hydrocarbons as the \nlarger region studied for which exploration data are available. Whether such resources actually \nexist can be satisfactorily esta blished only by drilling at spacings close enough to give a high \nprobability of discovery. \nThe NMBMMR 1995 mineral resour ce reevaluation contains a co mprehensive summary of all \nprevious evaluations. NMBMMR (1995, Chapter XI) provided a reasse ssment of hydrocarbon \nMarch 2004 2-136 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 \n8 resources within the WIPP site boundary and within the first mile adjacent to the boundary. \nCalculations were made for resources that are extensions of known, curre ntly productive oil and \ngas resources that are thought to extend beneath the study area with reasonable certainty (called \nprobable resources in the report) . Qualitative estimates are al so made concerning the likelihood \nthat oil and gas may be presen t in undiscovered pools and fields in the area (referred to as \npossible resources). Possible resources were not quantified in th e study. The results of the study \nare shown in Tables 2-12 and 2-13. \nTable 2-12. In-Place Oil within Study Area \nFormation Within WIPP Site \n(106 bbla) 1-Mile Strip Adjacent \nto the WIPP Site \n(106 bbl) Total \n(106 bbl) \nDelaware 10.33 20.8 31.13 \nBone Spring 0.44 0.8 1.25 \nStrawn 0.4 0.4 0.8 \nAtoka 1.1 0.1 0.2 \nTotal 12.3 22.9 35.3 \nSource: NMBMMR (1995, Chapter XI) \na bbl = barrel = 42 gallons \nTable 2-13. In-Place Gas within Study Area 9 \nGas Reserves (Mcf)a\nFormation Within WIPP Site 1-Mile Strip \nAdjacent to the WIPP \nDelaware 18176 32873 \nBone Springs 956 1749 \nStrawn 9600 9875 \nAtoka 123336 94410 \nMorrow 32000 28780 \nSource: NMBMMR (1995, Chapter XI) \na Mcf = thousand cubic feet \n10 11 12 13 14 15 \n16 \n17 18 The DOE compiled statistics on the historical development of hydrocarbon resources in the \nDelaware Basin and included them in CCA Appe ndix DEL. For these purposes, the Delaware \nBasin is described as the surface and subsurface features that lie inside the boundary formed to the north, east, and west by the innermost edge of the Capitan Reef and formed to the south by a \nstraight line drawn from the sout heastern point of the Davis Mountains to the southwestern point \nof the Glass Mountains (see Figure 2-46). \nSeveral important modeling parameters result from the study of hydrocarbon resources and the \nhistory of their exploitation. These include parameters related to the number of human \nintrusions, the size of boreholes , the operational histories of su ch holes, the plugging of these \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-137 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 holes, and the use of such holes fo r other purposes, such as liquid disposal. Each of these topics \nis discussed in detail in CCA Appendix DEL and Appendix PA , Attachment MASS, Section \nMASS.16 and is addressed in Sections 6.4.7 and 6.4.12. The distribution of existing boreholes is \nshown in Figure DEL-4 (CCA Appendix DEL) for th e entire Delaware Basin and Figure 2-47 for \nthe vicinity of the WIPP s ite. In addition, CCA Appendix DEL includes an assessment of \ncurrent drilling and plugging practices in th e Delaware Basin. CCA Appendix DEL also \ndiscusses the regulatory constraints placed on the use of wells for injection. \n8 \n9 \n10 \n11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 \n23 \n24 \n25 2.3.1.3 Other Resources \nWhile the focus of studies at the WIPP has b een on potash and hydrocarbon, other resources are \nknown to occur within the Delawa re Basin and are considered in the screening. For example, \nsulfur is produced in the vici nity of Orla, Texas. Sulfur wells are included in CCA Appendix \nDEL; however, no sulfur resources have been iden tified in the vicinity of the WIPP; therefore, \nthere are no projected impacts. Another resource that is extens ively produced is groundwater. \nPotable water occurs in numerous places within the Delaware Basin. Several communities rely \nsolely on groundwater sources for drinking water. CCA Appendix DEL includes a distribution of \ngroundwater wells in the Delaware Basin. All such wells in the vici nity of the WIPP are \nshallow, generally no deeper than the Culebr a. An evaluation of underground sources of \ndrinking water in the vicinity of the disposal system is presented in CCA Appendix USDW. \nFigure USDW-4 shows the distribu tion of groundwater wells in the vicinity of the disposal \nsystem. Sand, gravel, and caliche are produced in numerous areas within the Delaware Basin. In \nall cases, these are surface quarrie s that are generally sh allow (10s of feet). No impact to the \ndisposal system is expected from these activities. \n2.3.2 Cultural and Economic Resources \nThe demographics, land use, and history and arch aeology of the WIPP site and its environs are \ncharacterized in the sections that follow. \n26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 \n34 \n35 36 37 38 2.3.2.1 Demographics \nThe WIPP facility is located 42 km (26 mi) east of Carlsbad in Eddy County in southeastern \nNew Mexico and includes an area of 10,240 ac (approximately 41 km2) (16 mi2). The facility is \nlocated in a sparsely populated area with fewer than 30 permanen t residents living within a 16-\nkm (10-mi) radius of the facility. The area surro unding the facility is used primarily for grazing, \npotash mining, and hydrocarbon production. No res ource development that would affect WIPP \nfacility operations or the long-term integrity of the facility is allowed within the 10,240 ac that \nhave been set aside for the WIPP project. \nThe permanent residence nearest to the WIPP site boundary is the J.C. Mills Ranch, which is 2 km (1.2 mi) to the south. The community neares t to the WIPP site is the town of Loving, New \nMexico, 29 km (18 mi) west-southwest of the si te center. The population of Loving increased \nfrom 1,243 in 1990 to 1,326 in 2000. The nearest popula tion center is the city of Carlsbad, New \nMexico, 42 km (26 mi) west of the site. The population of \nMarch 2004 2-138 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-46. Delaware Basin Boundary \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-139 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 \n9 \n10 \n11 12 13 Figure 2-47. Distribution of Existing Petrol eum Industry Boreholes Within Two Miles of \nthe WIPP Site \nCarlsbad increased from 24,896 in 1990 to 26,870 in 2000. Hobbs, New Mexico, 58 km (36 mi) \nto the east of the site, had a population decr ease from 29,115 in 1990 to 28,657 in 2000. Eunice, \nNew Mexico, 64 km (40 mi) east of the site, had a 1990 population of 2,731 decrease to 2,562 in \n2000. Jal, New Mexico, 72 km (45 mi) southeas t of the site, had a population of 2,153 in 1990 \ndecrease to 1,996 in 2000. \nThe WIPP site is located in Eddy County near the border of Lea C ounty, New Mexico. The \nEddy County population increased from 48,605 in 1990 to 51,658 in 2000. The Lea County population decreased from 55,765 in 1990 to 55,511 in 2000. Population figures are taken from \nthe 1990 census (U.S. Department of Comm erce,1990) and the 2000 census (U.S. Census \nBureau, 2000). \nMarch 2004 2-140 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 \n11 \n12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 \n31 \n32 33 \n34 \n35 36 37 38 39 2.3.2.2 Land Use \nAt present, land within 16 km (10 mi) of the site is used for potash mining operations, active oil and gas wells, activities associated with hydrocarbon production, and grazing. \nThe WIPP Land Withdrawal Act (LWA) (U.S. Congr ess 1992) withdrew certain public lands \nfrom the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The law provides for the transfer of the WIPP site lands from the DOI to the DOE and effectively withdraws the lands, \nsubject to existing rights, from entry, sale, or disposition; appropriation under mining laws; or operation of the mineral and geothermal leasi ng laws. The LWA directed the Secretary of \nEnergy to produce a management plan to pr ovide for grazing, hunting and trapping, wildlife \nhabitat, mining, and the dis posal of salt and tailings. \nBetween 1978 and 1988, DOE acquired all active pot ash and hydrocarbon leases within the \nWIPP site boundary. These were acquired eith er through outright pu rchase or through \ncondemnation. In one condemnation proceeding, the court awarded DOE the surface and top \n1.82 km (6,000 ft) of Section 31 and allowed the l easeholder to retain the subsurface below 1.82 \nkm (6,000 ft). This was allowed because analysis showed that wells developed within this lease \nbelow the 1.82-km (6,000ft) limit would be too far away from the waste panels to be of \nconsequence to the WIPP (see, for example, Brau sch et al. 1982). This is corroborated by the \nresults of PA discussed in Section 6.2.5.1; and Appendix PA, Attachment SCR, FEP 56. \nConsequently, as the result of the DOE’s acquisition activities, there are no producing \nhydrocarbon wells within the volumetric boundary defined by the land withdrawal (T22S, R31E, S15-22, 27-34). Two active wells were drilled to tap the oil and gas resources on the leases beneath Section 31. The James Ranch #13, drille d in 1982, is a gas well, and the James Ranch \n#27, drilled in 2000, is an oil well. Both wells are located on surface leases outside the WIPP site boundary. Both wells enter Section 31 be low a depth of 1.82 km (6,000 ft) beneath ground \nlevel. Except for the leases in Section 31, the LW A prohibits all drilling into the controlled area \nunless such drilling is in support of the WIPP. \nGrazing leases have been issued for all land sections immediately surrounding the WIPP facility. Grazing within the WIPP site lands occurs within the authorization of the Taylor Grazing Act of \n1934, the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA), the Public Rangelands Improvement Act of 1978, and the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act of 1973. \nThe responsibilities of DOE include supervision of ancillary activities a ssociated with grazing \n(for example, wildlife access to livestock wate r development), tracking of water developments \ninside WIPP lands to ensure that they are conf igured according to the regulatory requirements, \nand ongoing coordination with re spective allottees. Administ ration of grazing rights is in \ncooperation with the BLM according to the memorandum of understanding (MOU) and the \ncoinciding Statement of Work through guidance established in the East Roswell Grazing \nEnvironmental Impact Statement. The WIPP s ite is composed of two grazing allotments \nadministered by the BLM: the Livingst on Ridge (No. 77027), and the Antelope Ridge \n(No. 77032) (see Figure 7-2). \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-141 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 \n31 \n32 33 34 \n35 \n36 37 \n38 \n39 40 2.3.2.3 History and Archaeology \nFrom about 10,000 B.C. to the late 1800s, the WIPP site and surrounding region were inhabited \nby nomadic aboriginal hunters and gatherers who s ubsisted on various wild plants and animals. \nFrom about A.D. 600 onward, as trade networks were esta blished with Puebloan peoples to the \nwest, domesticated plant foods and materials were acquired in exchange for dried meat, hides, \nand other products from the Pecos Valley and Plains. In the late 1500s, the Spanish \nConquistadors encountered Jumano and Apachean peoples in the region who practiced hunting \nand gathering and engaged in trade with Pueblo ans. After the Jumanos abandoned the southern \nPlains region, the Comanches became the majo r population of the area. Neighboring populations \nwith whom the Comanches maintained relationshi ps ranging from mutual trade to open warfare \nincluded the Lipan, or Southern Plains Apache, several Puebloan Groups, Spaniards, and the \nMescalero Apaches. \nThe best documented indigenous culture in the WIPP region is that of the Mescalero Apaches, \nwho lived west of the Pecos. The lifestyle of the Mescalero Apaches represents a transition \nbetween the full sedentism of the Pueblos a nd the nomadic hunting and gathering of the \nJumanos. In 1763, the San Saba expedition encount ered and camped with a group of Mescaleros \nin Los Medaños. Expedition reco rds indicate the presence of both Lipan and Mescalero Apaches \nin the region. \nA peace accord reached between the Comanches a nd the Spaniards in 1786 resulted in two \nhistorically important economic developments: (1) organized buffalo hunting by Hispanic and \nPuebloan ciboleros, and (2) renewal and expans ion of the earlier extens ive trade networks by \nComancheros. These events placed eastern New Me xico in a position to receive a wide array of \nboth physical and ideological input from the Plains culture ar ea to the east and north and from \nSpanish-dominated regions to the west and sout h. Comanchero trade began to mesh with the \nSouthwest American trade influenc e in the early nineteenth centur y. However, by the late 1860s, \nthe importance of Comanchero trade was cut short by Texan influence. \nThe first cattle trail in the area was established along the Pecos River in 1866 by Charles Goodnight and Oliver Loving. By 1868, Texan J ohn Chisum dominated much of the area by \ncontrolling key springs along the ri ver. Overgrazing, drought, and dropping beef prices led to \nthe demise of open-range cattle ranching by the late 1880s. \nFollowing the demise of open-range livestock production, ranching developed using fenced \ngrazing areas and production of hay crops for winter use. Herd grazing patterns were influenced \nby the availability of water supplies as well as by the storage of summ er grasses for winter \nfeeding. \nThe town of Carlsbad was founded as Eddy in 1889 as a health spa. In addition to ranching, the twentieth century brought the development of the potash, oil, a nd gas industries that have \nincreased the population eightfo ld in the last 50 years. \nAlthough technological change has altered some of the aspects, ranching remains an important \neconomic activity in the WIPP region. This relati onship between people and the land is still an \nimportant issue in the area. Ranch-related sites dating to the 1940s and 1950s are common in \nMarch 2004 2-142 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 \n16 \n17 18 19 20 21 \n22 \n23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 \n29 \n30 31 32 33 34 \n35 \n36 37 \n38 \n39 40 parts of the WIPP area. These will be considered historical properties within the next several \nyears, and thus will be treated as such under current law. \nThe National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) ( 16 USC Part 470 et seq.) was enacted to protect \nthe nation’s cultural resources in conjunction with the states, lo cal governments, Indian tribes, \nand private organizations and i ndividuals. The policy of the federal government includes: \n(1) providing leadership in preserving the pr ehistoric and historic resources of the nation, \n(2) administering federally owne d, administered, or controlled prehistoric resources for the \nbenefit of present and future generations, (3) contributing to the preservation of nonfederally \nowned prehistoric and historic resources, and (4 ) assisting state and lo cal governments and the \nnational trust for historic preservation in e xpanding and accelerating thei r historic preservation \nprograms and activities. The act also establis hed the National Register of Historic Places \n(National Register). At the state level, th e State Historic Preser vation Officer (SHPO) \ncoordinates the state’s particip ation in implementing the NHPA. The NHPA has been amended \nby two acts: the Archeological and Historic Preservation Act (16 USC Part 469 et seq.), and the \nArcheological Resource Protection Act (16 USC Part 470aa et seq.). \nTo protect and preserve cultu ral resources found within th e WIPP site boundary, the WIPP \nsubmitted a mitigation plan to the New Mexico SH PO describing the steps to either avoid or \nexcavate archaeological sites. A site was defined as a place used and occupied by prehistoric people. In May 1980, the SHPO made a determinat ion of “no adverse effect from WIPP facility \nactivities” on cultural resources. The Advisory Council on Hi storic Preservation concurred that \nthe WIPP Mitigation Plan is appropriate to protect cultural resources. \nKnown historical sites (more than 50 years old) in southeastern New Mexico consist primarily of \nearly twentieth century homesteads that failed, or isolated features from late nineteenth century and early twentieth century cattle or sheep ranchi ng, or military activities. To date, no Spanish \nor Mexican sites have been iden tified. Historic co mponents are rare but are occasionally noted \nin the WIPP area. These include feat ures and debris related to ranching. \nSince 1976, cultural resource investig ations have recorded 98 arch aeological sites and numerous \nisolated artifacts within the 41km2 (16mi2) area enclosed by the WIPP site. In the central \n10.4km2 (4mi2) area, 33 sites were determined to be eligible for inclusion on the National \nRegister as archaeological distri cts. Investigations since 1980 have recorded an additional 14 \nindividual sites outsi de the central 10.4km2 (4mi2) area that are considered eligible for inclusion \non the National Register. The following major cultura l resource investigations to date are broken \nout in the list that follows. Additional information can be found in the bibliography of CCA Chapter 2. \n1977. The first survey of the area was conducte d for SNL by Nielson of the Agency for \nConservation Archaeology (ACA). This survey resulted in the loca tion of 33 sites and 64 \nisolated artifacts. \n1979. MacLennan and Schermer of ACA conducted another survey to determine access roads \nand a railroad right-of-way for Bechtel, Inc. Th e survey encountered two sites and 12 isolated \nartifacts. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-143 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1980. Schermer conducted another survey to relocat e the sites originally recorded by Nielson. \nThis survey redescribed 28 of the original 33 sites. 1 \n2 \n3 4 \n5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 \n17 \n18 \n19 \n20 \n21 \n22 23 24 25 \n26 \n27 \n28 \n29 \n30 \n31 \n32 \n33 \n34 \n35 1981. Hicks (1981a, 1981b) directed the excavati on of nine sites in the WIPP core area. \n1982. Bradley (Lord and Reynolds 1985) recorded one site and four isolated artifacts in an \narchaeological survey for a proposed water pipeline. \n1985. Lord and Reynolds (1985) examined three s ites within the WIPP core area that consisted \nof two plant-collecting and processing sites and one base camp used between 1000 B.C. and \nA.D. 1400. The artifacts recovered from the excava tions are in the Labor atory of Anthropology \nat the Museum of New Mexico in Santa Fe. \n1987. Mariah Associates, Inc. iden tified 40 sites and 75 isolates in an inventory of 2,460 ac in \n15 quarter-section units surrounding th e WIPP site. In this inves tigation, 19 of the sites were \nlocated within the WIPP site’s boundary. Sites encountered in this investigation tended to lack evident or intact features. Of the 40 new sites defined, 14 were considered eligible for inclusion \nin the National Register, 24 were identified as having insufficient data to determine eligibility, and 2 were determined to be ineligible for inclus ion. The eligible and po tentially eligible sites \nhave been mapped and are avoided by DOE in its current activities at the WIPP site. \n1988–1992. Several archaeological clearance reports have been prepared for seismic testing \nlines on public lands in Eddy County, New Mexico. \nAll archaeological sites are surfac e or near-surface sites, and no reasons exist (either geological \nor archeological) to suspect that deep drilling wo uld uncover or investigate archaeological sites. \nNo artifacts were encountered during cultu ral resource surveys performed from 1992 until \npresent. The following list provides examples of WIPP projects that requ ired cultural resource \nsurveys. All investigations were performed and reported in accordance with requirements \nestablished by the New Mexico Office of Cultu ral Affairs (OCA) and administered by the \nSHPO. \n• SPDV site investigation into status of a prev iously recorded site (#LA 33175) to determine \npotential impacts from nearby reclamation activity. Assessment included minor surface excavation. \n• WIPP well bore C-2737. Cultural resource inve stigation for well pad and access road. \n• WIPP well bores WQSP 1-6 and 6a. Individual cultural resource investigations conducted \nfor construction of each respect ive well pad and access road. \n• WIPP well bores SNL 1, 2, 3, 9 and 12. Cultura l resource investigations conducted for \nconstruction of each respective well pad and access road. \n• WIPP well bore WTS 4. Cultural resource investig ation conducted in support of siting and \nconstructing reserve pits for well drilling and development. \nMarch 2004 2-144 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 5 \n6 \n7 8 9 \n10 \n11 \n12 13 14 15 \n16 \n17 \n18 19 20 21 22 \n23 \n24 \n25 26 27 28 29 30 31 \n32 \n33 \n34 35 36 37 38 • North Salt Pile Expansion. Cultural resour ce investigation conducte d in support of the \nexpansion of the North Salt Pile, a project de signed to mitigate surf ace water infiltration. \nAll of the aforementioned archeological investiga tions received determinations of “No Adverse \nAffect” from the OCA and the SHPO. This determ ination serves as a clearance to proceed with \nwork. \nThe Delaware Basin has been used in the past for an isolated nuclear test. This test, Project Gnome, took place in 1961 at a location approxima tely 13 km (8 mi) southwest of the WIPP. \nThe primary objective of Project Gnome was to study the effects of an underground nuclear \nexplosion in salt. The Gnome experiment involve d the detonation of a 3.1- kiloton nuclear device \nat a depth of 361 m (1,200 ft) in the bedded sa lt of the Salado (Rawson et al. 1965). The \nexplosion created a cavity of approximately 28,000 m\n3 (1,000,000 ft3) and caused surface \ndisplacements over an area of about a 360m (1,200ft) radius. Fracturing and faulting caused \nmeasurable changes in rock permeability and po rosity at distances up to approximately 100 m \n(330 ft) from the cavity. No earth tremors were reported at distances over 40 km (25 mi) from \nthe explosion. Project Gnome was decommissioned in 1979. \n2.4 Background Environmental Conditions \nBackground environmental conditions at and near the WIPP site were characterized prior to the initiation of the operation of the facility and are described in CCA Section 2.4. Because \nbackground characterization focuses on environmen tal conditions existing prior to operations, it \nis not meaningful to redefine background envi ronmental conditions after operations began. \nAccordingly, information presented in CCA S ection 2.4 is not repeated and updated in this \nrecertification application. \n2.5 Climate and Meteorological Conditions \nThe DOE did not consider climate directly in its site selection process, although criteria such as \nlow population density and large tr acts of federally owned land tend to favor arid and semi-arid \nareas in the western United Stat es. The semi-arid climate around the WIPP is beneficial since it \nis a direct cause of the lack of a near surface water table a nd the minimization of radiation \nexposure pathways that involve su rface or groundwater. Data used to interpret paleoclimates in \nthe American southwest come from a variety of sources and indicate alternating arid and subarid \nto subhumid climates throughout the Pleistocene. The information in this section was taken from \nSwift (1992), and included in CCA A ppendix CLI and references therein. \n2.5.1 Historic Climatic Conditions \nPrior to 18,000 years ago, radiometric dates are re latively scarce, and the record is incomplete. \nFrom 18,000 years ago to the present, however, the climatic record is re latively well constrained \nby floral, faunal, and lacustrine data. These data span the transition from the last full-glacial \nmaximum to the present interglacial period; give n the global consistency of glacial fluctuations \ndescribed below, they can be taken to be broa dly representative of extremes for the entire \nPleistocene. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-145 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 \n15 \n16 17 18 19 20 21 \n22 \n23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 \n33 \n34 35 36 37 38 \n39 \n40 41 42 43 Early and middle Pleistocene paleoclimatic data for the southwestern United States are incomplete and permit neither continuous reconstruc tions of paleoclimates nor direct correlations \nbetween climate and glaciation prior to the la st glacial maximum, which occurred 22,000 to \n18,000 years ago. Stratigraphic and soil data from several locations, however, indicate that cyclical alternation of wetter and drier climates in the Southwest had begun by the Early Pleistocene. Fluvial gravels in the Gatuña exposed in the Peco s River Valley of eastern New \nMexico suggest wetter conditions 1.4 million years ago and again 600,000 years ago. The \nMescalero caliche, exposed locally over much of southeastern New Mexico, suggests drier \nconditions 510,000 years ago, and loosely dated spring deposits in Nash Draw west of the WIPP imply wetter conditions occurri ng again later in the Pleistoc ene. The Blackwater Draw \nFormation of the southern High Plains of eastern New Mexico and western Texas, correlating in \ntime to both the Gatuña Formation and the Mescalero caliche, contains alternating soil and eolian sand horizons that show at least six climatic cycles beginning more than 1.4 million years ago \nand continuing to the present. \nData used to construct the more detailed clima tic record for the latest Pleistocene and Holocene \ncome from six independent lines of eviden ce dated using carbon-14 techniques: plant \ncommunities preserved in packrat middens throughout the southwest, including sites in Eddy and Otero counties, New Mexico; pollen assemblages from lacustrine deposits in western New Mexico and other locations in the southwes t; gastropod assemblages from western Texas; \nostracod assemblages from western New Mexico; paleolake levels throughout the southwest; and \nfaunal remains from caves in southern New Mexico. \nPrior to the last glacial ma ximum 22,000 to 18,000 years ago, evidence from faunal assemblages \nin caves in southern New Mexic o, including the presence of species such as the desert tortoise \nthat are now restricted to warmer climates, suggests hot summers and mild, dry winters. \nLacustrine evidence confirms the interpretation of a relatively dry climate prior to and during the \nglacial advance. Permanent water did not appear in what was later to become a major lake in the \nEstancia Valley in central New Mexico until some time before 24,000 years ago, and water depths in lakes at higher eleva tions in the San Agustin Plains in western New Mexico did not \nreach a maximum until sometime between 22,000 and 19,000 years ago. Ample floral and \nlacustrine evidence documents cooler, wetter conditi ons in the southwest dur ing the glacial peak. \nThese changes were not caused by the immediate proximity of glacial ice. None of the \nPleistocene continental glaciations advanced fart her southwest than northeastern Kansas, and the \nmost recent, late-Wisconsinan ice sheet reach ed its limit in South Dakota, approximately 1,200 \nkm (750 mi) from WIPP. Discontinuous alpine glaciers formed at the highest elevations \nthroughout the Rocky Mountains, but these isolat ed ice masses were symptoms, rather than \ncauses, of cooler and wetter conditions and had little influence on region al climate at lower \nelevations. The closest such gl acier to WIPP was on the northeast face of Sierra Blanca Peak in \nthe Sacramento Mountains, approximately 220 km (135 mi) to the northwest. \nGlobal climate models indicate that the dominan t glacial effect in the southwest was the \ndisruption and southward displacem ent of the westerly jet stream by the physical mass of the ice \nsheet to the north. At the gl acial peak, major Pacific storm systems followed the jet stream \nacross New Mexico and the southern Rocky Mount ains, and winters were wetter and longer than \neither at the present or during th e previous interglacial period. \nMarch 2004 2-146 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 \n7 \n8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 \n30 \n31 32 33 34 \n35 \n36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Gastropod assemblages at Lubbock Lake in wester n Texas suggest mean annual temperatures 5º \nC (9º F) below present values. Both floral and faunal evidence indicate that annual precipitation \nthroughout the region was 1.6 to 2.0 times greater th an today’s values. Floral evidence also \nsuggests that winters may have continued to be relatively mild, perhaps because the glacial mass \nblocked the southward movement of arctic air. Summers at th e glacial maximum were cooler \nand drier than at present, wit hout a strongly developed monsoon. \nThe jet stream shifted northward following the gr adual retreat of the i ce sheet after 18,000 years \nago, and the climate responded accordingly. By approximately 11,000 years ago, conditions \nwere significantly warmer and dr ier than previously, although s till dominated by winter storms \nand still wetter than today. Major decreases in total precipitation and the shift toward the \nmodern monsoonal climate did no t occur until the ice sheet had retreated into northeastern \nCanada in the early Holocene. \nBy middle Holocene time, the climate was simila r to that of the present, with hot, monsoon-\ndominated summers and cold, dry winters. The pattern has persisted to the present, but not \nwithout significant lo cal variations. Soil studie s show that the southern High Plains were drier \nfrom 6,500 to 4,500 years ago than before or since. Gastropod data from Lubbock Lake indicate \nthe driest conditions from 7,000 to 5,000 years ago (precipitation, 0.89 times present values; \nmean annual temperature, 2.5º C [4.5º F] higher than present valu es), with a cooler and wetter \nperiod 1,000 years ago (precipitatio n, 1.45 times present values; mean annual temperature, 2.5º C \n[4.5º F] lower than present). Plant assemblage s from southwestern Arizona suggest steadily \ndecreasing precipitation from the middle Holocene to the present, except for a brief wet period \napproximately 990 years ago. Stratigraphic work at Lake Cochise (the present Willcox playa in \nsoutheast Arizona) shows two mid- Holocene lake stands, one near or before 5,400 years ago and \none between or before 3,000 to 4,000 years ago; however, both were relatively short-lived, and \nneither reached the maximum depths of the Late Pleistocene high stand that existed before \n14,000 years ago. \nInferred historical precipitation indicates that du ring the Holocene, wet periods were relatively \ndrier and shorter in durati on than those of the late Pleistocene. Historical records over the last \nseveral hundred years indicate numerous lower-intens ity climatic fluctuations, some too short in \nduration to affect floral and fa unal circulation. Sunspot cycles and the related change in the \namount of energy emitted by the sun have been linked to historical climatic changes elsewhere in \nthe world, but the validity of the correlation is uncertain. Correl ations have also been proposed \nbetween volcanic activity and climatic change. In general, however, causes for past short-term \nchanges are unknown. \nThe climatic record presented here should be in terpreted with caution because its resolution and \naccuracy are limited by the nature of the data used to construct it. Floral and faunal assemblages \nchange gradually and show only a limited response to climatic fluctuations that occur at \nfrequencies that are higher than the typical life span of the organisms in question. For long-lived \nspecies such as trees, resolution may be limite d to hundreds or even thousands of years. \nSedimentation in lakes and playas has the poten tial to record higher- frequency fluctuations, \nincluding single-storm events, but only under a limited range of circumstances. Once water levels reach a spill point, for example, lakes show only a limited response to further increases in \nprecipitation. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-147 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 \n9 \n10 \n11 12 13 14 \n15 \n16 \n17 18 19 With these observations in mind, three significant conclusions can be drawn from the climatic \nrecord of the American southwest. First, maxi mum precipitation in the past coincided with the \nmaximum advance of the North American ice sh eet. Minimum precipitation occurred after the \nice sheet had retreated to its present limits. Second, past maximum long-term average \nprecipitation levels were roughly twice the present levels. Minimum levels may have been \n90 percent of the present levels. Third, short-term fluctuations in precip itation have occurred \nduring the present relatively dry, interglacial peri od, but they have not exceeded the upper limits \nof the glacial maximum. \nToo little is known about the rela tively short-term beha vior of global circulation patterns to \naccurately predict precipitation levels over the next 10,000 years. The long-term stability of \npatterns of glaciation an d deglaciation, however, do permit the conclusion that future climatic \nextremes are unlikely to exceed those of the late Pleistocene. Furthermore, the periodicity of \nglacial events suggests that a re turn to full-glacial conditions is highly unlikely w ithin the next \n10,000 years. \n2.5.2 Recent Climatic Conditions \nRecent climatic conditions are provided to allow for the assessment of impacts of these factors \non the disposal unit and the site. Data are taken from the WIPP environmental monitoring \nreports (see WEC 1991a, 1991b, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998; WGESC 1999; \nESRF 2000, 2001, 2002; and WRES 2003). \n20 \n21 \n22 23 24 25 26 2.5.2.1 General Climatic Conditions \nThe climate of the region is se miarid, with generally mild te mperatures, low precipitation and \nhumidity, and a high evaporation ra te. Winds are mostly from the southeast and moderate. In \nlate winter and spring, there ar e strong west winds and dust storms. During the winter, the \nweather is often dominated by a high-pressure system situated in the central portion of the \nwestern United States and a low-pressure system located in north-cent ral Mexico. During the \nsummer, the region is affected by a low-pressu re system normally situated over Arizona. \n27 \n28 \n29 30 31 32 \n33 \n34 \n35 36 2.5.2.2 Temperature Summary \nTemperatures are moderate throughout the year , although seasonal change s are distinct. The \nmean annual temperature in southeastern New Mexi co is 63º F (17º C). In the winter (December \nthrough February), nighttime lows average near 23 º F (-5º C), and maxima average in the 50s. \nThe lowest recorded temperature at the nearest Cla ss-A weather station in Roswell was -29º F \n(-34º C) in February 1905. In the summer (June through August), the daytime temperature \nexceeds 90E F (32º C) approximately 75 percent of the time. The National Weather Service \ndocumented 122º F (50º C) at th e WIPP site as the record high temperature for New Mexico. \nThis temperature was recorded on June 27, 1994. Table 2-14 shows the annual average, maximum, and minimum temperat ures from 1990 through 2002. \nMarch 2004 2-148 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2.5.2.3 Precipitation Summary \nPrecipitation is light and uneve nly distributed throughout the year, averaging 28.2cm (11.1in.) \nper year from 1995 through 2002. Winter is the s eason of least precipitation, averaging less than \n1.5 cm (0.6 in.) of rainfall per month. Snow averages about 13 cm (5 in.) per year at the site and \nseldom remains on the ground for more than a day. Approximately half the annual precipitation comes from frequent thundersto rms in June through September. Rains are usually brief but \noccasionally intense when moisture from the Gu lf of Mexico spreads over the region. Monthly \naverage, maximum, and minimum precipitations recorded at the WIPP site from 1990 through \n2002 are summarized in Figure 2-48. \n10 \n11 \n12 \n13 2.5.2.4 Wind Speed and Wind Direction Summary \nThe frequencies of wind speeds and directions are depicted by wind roses in Figures 2-49 \nthrough 2-56 for the WIPP site. \nTable 2-14. Annual Average, Maximum, and Minimum Temperatures \nYear Annual Average \nTemperature Maximum Temperature Minimum Temperature \n (ºC) (ºF) (ºC) (ºF) (ºC) (ºF) \n1990 17.8 64 46.1 115 !13.9 7 \n1991 17.2 63 42.8 109 !7.8 18 \n1992 17.2 63 42.8 109 !10 14 \n1993 17.8 64 42.8 109 !18.9 !2 \n1994 17.8 64 50 122 !14.4 6 \n1995 17 63 42 107 -7 19 \n1996 17 63 41 106 -7 19 \n1997 16.3 61.4 38.6 101.5 -11.4 11.4 \n1998 18.3 64.9 41.6 106.9 -10.8 12.6 \n1999 18.1 64.6 40.9 105.6 -7.9 17.8 \n2000 17.4 63.3 40.2 104.4 -6.8 19.7 \n2001 17.5 63.5 39.5 103.2 -7.8 18.0 \n2002 17.5 63.5 39.8 103.7 -8.9 16.0 \nAverage 17.5 63.5 42.2 107.9 -0.2 13.9 \n14 \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-149 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n2.6 Seismology 1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 The DOE used tectonic activity as a siting criterion. The intent was to avoid tectonic conditions \nsuch as faulting and igneous activity that woul d jeopardize waste isola tion over the long term \nand to avoid areas where earthquake size and frequency could impact facility design and \noperations. The WIPP site met both aspects of this criterion fully. Long-te rm tectonic activity is \ndiscussed in Section 2.1.5. Th e favorable results of the se ismic (earthquake) studies are \ndiscussed here. The purpose of the seismic studies is to build a basis from which to predict \nground motions that the WIPP repository may be subjec ted to in the near and distant future. The \nconcern about seismic effects in the near future, during the operational period, pertains mainly to \nthe design requirements for surface and underground structures for providing containment during \nseismic events. The concern about effects occu rring over the long term, af ter the repository has \nbeen decommissioned and sealed, pertains more to relative motions (faulting) within the repository and possible effects of faulting on the integrity of the sa lt beds and/or shaft seals. \nUpdated seismic activity information is provided in Figures 2-57 and 2-58. In this discussion, \nthe magnitudes are reported in te rms of the Richter scale, and all intensities are based on the \nMarch 2004 2-150 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n \nFigure 2-48. Monthly Precipitation for the WIPP Site from 1990-2002 \n1 \n2 Figure 2-48. Monthly Precipitation for the WIPP Site from 1990-2002 \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-151 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-49. 1995 Annual Wind Rose at 10- m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site \nMarch 2004 2-152 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-50. 1996 Annual Wind Rose at 10- m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-153 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-51. 1997 Annual Wind Rose at 10- m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site \nMarch 2004 2-154 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-52. 1998 Annual Wind Rose at 10- m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-155 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-53. 1999 Annual Wind Rose at 10- m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site \nMarch 2004 2-156 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-54. 2000 Annual Wind Rose at 10-m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-157 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-55. 2001 Annual Wind Rose at 10- m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site \nMarch 2004 2-158 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-56. 2002 Annual Wind Rose at 10- m (33-ft.) Height at WIPP Site \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-159 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 \n4 \n5 \n6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 18 \n19 \n20 21 22 23 24 \n25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 30 \n31 \n32 33 34 35 36 37 \n38 \n39 modified Mercalli intensity scale. Most of th e magnitudes were determined by the New Mexico \nInstitute of Mining and Technol ogy or are described in CCA Appendix GCR and references \ntherein. \n2.6.1 Seismic History \nSeismic data are presented in two time frames, before and after the time when seismographic \ndata for the region became available. The earthqu ake record in southern New Mexico dates back \nonly to 1923, and seismic instruments have been in place in the state since 1961. Various \nrecords have been examined to determine the se ismic history of the area within 180 mi (288 km) \nof the site. With the excepti on of a weak shock in 1926 at Hope, New Mexico (approximately 64 \nkm [40 mi] northwest of Carlsbad), and s hocks in 1936 and 1949 felt at Carlsbad, all known \nshocks in the region before 1961 occurred to the west and southwest of the site more than \n160 km (100 mi) away. \nThe strongest earthquake on record occurring within 288 km (180 mi) of the site was the \nValentine, Texas earthquake of August 16, 1931. It has been estimated to have been of \nmagnitude 6.4 on the Richter scale (Modified Me rcalli Intensity of V III). The Valentine \nearthquake was 208 km (130 mi) south- southwest of the site. Its Mo dified Mercalli Intensity at \nthe site is estimated to have been V; this is believ ed to be the highest intens ity felt at the site in \nthis century. \nIn 1887, a major earthquake occurred in north east Sonora, Mexico. Although about 536 km \n(335 mi) west-southwest of the site, it is indi cative of the si ze of earthquakes possible in the \neastern portion of the Basin and Range Province, west of the province co ntaining the site. Its \nmagnitude was estimated to have been 7.8 (VIII to IX in Modified Mercalli Intensity). It was \nfelt over an area of 1.3 million km2 (0.5 million mi2) (as far as Santa Fe to the north and Mexico \nCity to the south); fault displacements near the epicenter were as large as 18 m (26 ft). \nSince 1961, instrumental coverage has become comprehensive enough to locate most of the \nmoderately strong earthquakes (loc al magnitude >3.5) in the region. Instrumentally determined \nshocks that occurred within 288 km (180 mi) of the site between 1961 and 1994 are shown in \nFigure 2-57. The distribution of these earthquakes may be biased by the fact that seismic stations were more numerous and were in operati on for longer periods north and west of the site. \nPre-1961 earthquakes can be found in CCA Appendix GCR, Figure 5.2-1. \nExcept for the activity southeast of the site, the distribution of ep icenters since 1961 differs little \nfrom that of shocks before that time. There ar e two clusters, one associated with the Rio Grande \nRift on the Texas-Chihuahua border and another a ssociated with the Central Basin Platform in \nTexas near the southeastern corner of New Mexi co. The latter activity was not reported before \n1964. It is not clear from the record whether earthquakes were occurring in the Central Basin \nPlatform before 1964, although local historical so cieties and newspapers tend to confirm their \nabsence before that time. \nThe April 14, 1995, earthquake near Marathon, Texa s, was located 240 km (150 mi) south of the \nWIPP site. The USGS estimated that moment magn itude for this event was 5.7. At a distance of \nMarch 2004 2-160 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 \n6 7 8 9 \n10 \n11 \n12 13 14 Figure 2-57. Regional Earthquake Epi centers Occurring between 1961 and 2002 \n240 km (149 mi), an event of magnitude 5.7 would produce a maximum acceleration at the \nWIPP site of less than 0.01 g (acceleration due to gravity). \nThe Marathon earthquake should not be considered an unanticipated event. The shock occurred in the Basin and Range Province, a seismotect onic province with evidence for 24 Quarternary \nfaults in West Texas and adjacent parts of Mexico. Two of these faults had recent surface-faulting events in the Holocene. Strong earthquakes have occurred within the West Texas part of \nthe Basin and Range Province, most notably the M\nW = 6.4 (Richter) Valentine, Texas earthquake \non August 15, 1931. \nThe WIPP site is located within the Great Plai ns seismotectonic provinc e, a region that has no \nevidence of Quarternary faulting, even above majo r buried structures such as the Central Basin \nPlatform. Because the Great Plains seismotectonic province is geologically distinct from the Basin and Range Province and lacks evidence fo r recent faulting, the maximum possible or \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-161 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 \n17 \n18 19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 29 credible earthquake for this region would be substantially smaller than that for the Basin and Range Province of West Texas. \n2.6.2 Seismic Risk \nProcedures exist that allow for formal dete rmination of earthquake probabilistic design \nparameters. In typical seismic risk analyses of this kind, the region of study is divided into \nseismic source areas within which future events are considered equally likely to occur at any \nlocation. For each seismic source area, the rate of occurrence of events above a chosen threshold \nlevel is estimated using the obser ved frequency of hist orical events. The sizes of successive \nevents in each source are assumed to be independ ent and exponentially dist ributed; the slope of \nthe log number versus frequency relationship is estimated from the relative frequency of \ndifferent sizes of events observed in the historical data. This sl ope, often termed the b value, is \ndetermined either for each seismic source indivi dually or for all sources in the region jointly. \nFinally, the maximum possible size of events for each source is determined using judgement and \nthe historical record. Thus, all assumptions underlying a meas ure of earthquake risk derived \nfrom this type of analysis are explicit, and a wide range of as sumptions may be employed in the \nanalysis procedure. \nIn this section, the particular earthquake risk parameter calculate d is peak acceleration expressed \nas a function of annual probability of being exceed ed at the WIPP site. Th e particular analysis \nprocedure applied to the calculation of this pr obabilistic peak acceleration is taken from a \ncomputer program written by McGuire (1976). In that program, the seismic source zones are modeled geometrically as quadrilater als of arbitrary shape. Contri butions to site earthquake risk \nfrom individual source zones are integrated in to the probability distri bution of acceleration, and \nthe average annual probability of exceedence then follows directly. \nIn the analysis, the principal input paramete rs are as follows: site region acceleration \nattenuation, source zone geometry, recurrence st atistics, and maximum magnitudes. Based on \nthese parameters, several curves showing probab ilistic peak acceleration are developed, and the \nconclusions that may be drawn from these curves are considered. The data treated in this way \nare used to arrive at a genera l statement of risk from vibrator y ground motion at the site during \nits active phase of development and use. \n30 \n31 \n32 33 \n34 35 \n36 37 38 2.6.2.1 Acceleration Attenuation \nThe first input parameters considered have to do with acceleration attenua tion in the site region \nas a function of earthquake magnitude and hypocentral distance. The risk analysis used in this \nstudy employs an attenuation law of the form \n a = b 1 exp(b 2ML)R-b 3 , (2.3) \nwhere a is acceleration in cm/s2, M L is Richter local magnitude, and R is the distance in km. The \nparticular formula used in this study is base d on a central United Stat es model developed by \nNuttli (1973). The formula coefficients b 1 = 17, b 2 = 0.92, and b 3 = 1.0 were selected. A \njustification for this a ssumption can be found in CCA Appendix GCR, Section 5.3.2. \nMarch 2004 2-162 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 \n24 \n25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 2.6.2.2 Seismic Source Zones \nGeologic, tectonic, and seismic evidence indicates that three seismic source zones may be used \nto adequately characterize the region. Thes e are well approximated by the Basin and Range \nsubregion, the Permian Basin subregion exclusive of the Central Basin Platform, and the Central \nBasin Platform itself. Specific boundaries are taken from a 1976 study by Algermissen and \nPerkins (1976) of earthquake risks throughout the United States. Additional details on this study are in CCA Appendix GCR, Section 5.3.2. \nSite region seismic source zones are shown in Figure 2-58. Superposed on these zones are the \nearthquake epicenters of Figure 2-57. The zonati on presented generally conforms with historical \nseismicity. The source zonation of Figure 2-58 has no explicit analog to the Permian Basin subregion exclusive of the Central Basin Platfo rm. This is considered part of the broad \nbackground region. \nFor the purposes of this study, some minor modifi cations of the Algermissen and Perkins (1976) \nsource zones were made. Geologic and tecton ic evidence suggests that the physiographic \nboundary between the Basin and Range and Great Plains provinces provides a good and conservative approximation of the source zones ( CCA Appendix GCR). In addition, information \nfrom the Kermit seismic array (Appendix to Ro gers and Malkiel 1979) indicates that the \ngeometry used to model the limits of the Cent ral Basin Platform source zone may be modified \nsomewhat from the original analogous Al germissen and Perkins (1976) zone. These \nmodifications are shown in Figure 2-59 and const itute the preferred model for the WIPP site \nregion seismic source zones in this study. This model is preferred becau se it more completely \nconsiders geologic and tectonic information, as we ll as seismic data, and because it results in a \nmore realistic development of risks at the WIPP facility. \nWith regard to earthquake focal depth, there is little doubt that the focal depths of earthquakes in the WIPP facility region should be considered shallow. Early instrumental locations were \nachieved using an arc intersection method employing travel-time-distance curves calculated from \na given crustal model, and the assumption of focal depths of 5 km (3.1 mi), 10 km (6.2 mi), or, \nfor later calculations, 8 km (5 mi). Good epicen tral locations could generally be obtained under \nthese assumptions. For conservatism, a focal dept h of 5 km (3.1 mi) is used in all source zones \nof this study including that of the site. For smaller hypocentr al distances, the form of the \nattenuation law adopted he re severely exaggerates the importan ce of small, close shocks in the \nestimation of probabilistic acceleration at the WIPP site. Additional discussion is included CCA \nAppendix GCR, Chapter 5. \n34 \n35 \n36 37 \n38 2.6.2.3 Source Zone Recurrence Formulas and Maximum Magnitudes \nThe risk calculation procedure us ed in this study requires that earthquake recurrence rates for \neach seismic source zone be specified. This is done formally by computing the constants a and b \nin the equation \n log N = a - bM , (2.4) \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-163 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 \n6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 Figure 2-58. Seismic Source Zones \nwhere N is the number of earthquakes of magnitude greater than or equal to M within a specified \narea occurring during a specified period. \nFor the WIPP facility region, three formulas of this type are needed: one for the province west \nand southwest of the site (the Basin and Range subregion or Rio Grande Rift source zone), another for the province of the WIPP facility exclusive of th e Central Basin Platform (the \nPermian Basin subregion or background source zo ne), and a final one for the Central Basin \nPlatform. In practice, the difficulties in findi ng meaningful recurrence formulas for such small \nareas in a region of low historical earthquake activity are formidable. \nMarch 2004 2-164 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-59. Alternate Source Geometries \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-165 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 \n6 The formulas have been determined to be \n• log N = 2.43 - M CORR Site source zone (background) (2.5) \n• log N = 3.25 - M CORR Basin and Range subregion (2.6) \n• log N = 3.19 - 0.9 M CORR Central Basin Platform (2.7) \nThe rationale for their development and the relationship used to determine M CORR can be found \nin CCA Appendix GCR, Section 5.3. \n2.6.2.4 Design Basis Earthquake 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 12 13 14 \n15 \n16 17 18 19 \n20 \n21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 \n30 \n31 \n32 33 34 The term Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) is used for the design of surface confinement structures and components at the WIPP facility. As used here, the DBE is equivalent to the \ndesign earthquake used in Regulatory Guid e 3.24 (Nuclear Regulat ory Commission [NRC] \n1974). That is, in view of the limited consequences of seismic events in excess of those used as \nthe basis, the DBE is such that it produces ground motion at the WIPP fac ility with a recurrence \ninterval of 1,000 years. In pr actice, the DBE is defined in te rms of the 1,000-year acceleration \nand design response spectra. \nThe generation of curves expressing probability of occurrence or risk as a function of peak WIPP facility ground acceleration is discussed in detail in CCA Appendix GCR, Section 5.3, for a number of possible characteriza tions of WIPP facility region source zones and source zone \nearthquake parameters. The most conservative (a nd the least conservative) risk curves are shown \nin Figure 2-60. \nFrom this figure, the most conservative calculated estimate of the 1,000-year acceleration at the WIPP facility is approximately 0.075 g. The geologi c and seismic assumptions leading to this \n1,000-year peak acceleration include the consideration of a Rich ter magnitude 5.5 earthquake at \nthe site, a 6.0 magnitude ear thquake on the Central Basin Platform, and a 7.8 magnitude \nearthquake in the Basin and Range subregion. These values, especia lly the first two, are \nconsidered quite conservative, as are the othe r parameters used in the 0.075g derivation. For \nadditional conservatism, a peak design accelerati on of 0.1 g is selected for the WIPP facility \nDBE. The design response spectra for vertical and hor izontal motions are taken from Regulatory \nGuide 1.60 (NRC 1973) with the high-frequency asym ptote scaled to this 0.1g peak acceleration \nvalue. \nThis DBE and the risk analysis that serves an important role in its definition are directly \napplicable to surface confinemen t structures and components at the WIPP facility. Underground \nstructures and components are not subject to DBE design requirements because according to Pratt et al. (1979), mine experience and studies on earthquake damage to underground facilities \nshow that tunnels are not damaged at site s having peak surface accelerations below 0.2 g. \nMarch 2004 2-166 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n 1 \n2 Figure 2-60. Total WIPP Fa cility Risk Curve Extrema \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-167 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nREFERENCES 1 \n2 \n3 4 \n5 \n6 7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 \n12 \n13 14 \n15 \n16 \n17 \n18 \n19 \n20 21 \n22 \n23 24 25 \n26 \n27 \n28 29 \n30 \n31 \n32 \n33 \n34 \n35 36 Adams, J.E. 1944. “Upper Permian Ochoa Seri es of the Delaware Basin, West Texas and \nSoutheastern New Mexico.” American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin , Vol. 28, \nNo. 11, 1596-1625. \nAlgermissen, S.T., and Perkins, D.M. 1976. A Probabilistic Estimate of Maximum Ground \nAcceleration in the Contiguous United States. Open-file Report 76-416, pp. 1 – 45. U.S. \nGeological Survey. \nAnderson, R.Y. 1978. Deep Dissolution of Salt, Northe rn Delaware Basin, New Mexico. \nReport to Sandia National Laborator ies, Albuquerque, NM. ERMS #229530. \nAnderson, R.Y., and Kirkland, D.W. 1980. Dissoluti on of Salt Deposits by Brine Density Flow. \nGeology , Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 66 – 69. \nAnderson, R.Y. 1981. “Deep-Seated Salt Dissolu tion in the Delaware Basin, Texas and New \nMexico.” In Environmental Geology and Hydrology in New Mexico, S.G. Wells and W. \nLambert, eds., Special Publication No. 10, pp. 133 - 145. New Mexico Geological Society. \nAnderson, R.Y. 1993. “The Castile as a ‘Nonmarine’ Evaporite.” In Carlsbad Region, New \nMexico and Texas, New Mexico Geological Socie ty, Forty-Fourth Annual Field Conference, \nCarlsbad, NM, October 6-9, 1993 , D.W. Love et al., eds., pp. 12 - 13. New Mexico Geological \nSociety, Socorro, NM. \nAnderson, R.Y., Dean, W.E., Jr., Kirkland, D.W., and Snider, H. 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Hydraulic-Test Interpretations for Well DOE-2 at the Waste Isolation \nPilot Plant (WIPP) Site. SAND86-1364. Sandia National La boratories, Albuquerque, NM. \nERMS #227656. \nBeauheim, R.L. 1987a. Interpretations of Single-Well Hydr aulic Tests Conducted at and Near \nthe Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Site, 1983–1987. SAND87-0039. Sandia National \nLaboratories, Albuquerque, NM. ERMS #227679. \nBeauheim, R.L. 1987b. Analysis of Pumping Tests of the Culebra Dolomite Conducted at the \nH-3 Hydropad at the Waste Isolat ion Pilot Plant (WIPP) Site. SAND86-2311. Sandia National \nLaboratories, Albuquerque, NM. \nBeauheim, R.L. 1987c. Interpretation of the WIPP-13 Multi pad Pumping Test of the Culebra \nDolomite at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Site. SAND87-2456. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM. \nBeauheim, R.L. 1989. Interpretation of H-11b4 Hydrau lic Tests and the H-11 Multipad \nPumping Test of the Culebra Dolomite at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Site . SAND89-\n0536. Sandia National Laborat ories, Albuquerque, NM. \nBeauheim, R.L. 2002. “ Analysis Plan for Evaluation of the Effects of Head Changes on \nCalibration of Culebra Transmissi vity Fields, AP-088, Rev. 1,” ERMS #524785. Carlsbad, NM: \nSandia National Laboratories, WIPP Records Center. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-169 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 \n5 \n6 \n7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 \n12 \n13 \n14 \n15 \n16 \n17 \n18 \n19 \n20 \n21 \n22 23 \n24 \n25 \n26 27 \n28 \n29 \n30 \n31 32 \n33 \n34 35 36 Beauheim, R.L. 2000. “Appendix E, Summary of Hydraulic Tests Performed at Tracer-Test \nSites,” in Interpretations of Tracer Tests Performe d in the Culebra Dolomite at the Waste \nIsolation Pilot Plant Site , Meigs, L.C., Beauheim, R.L., and Jones, T.L., eds. 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Hydraulic \nTesting of Salado Formation Evaporites at th e Waste Isolation Pilo t Plant Site: Second \nInterpretive Report. SAND92-0533. Sandia National Laborato ries, Albuquerque, NM. ERMS \n#223378. \nBeauheim, R.L., Saulnier, G.J., J R. and Avis, J.D. 1991a. Interpretation of Brine-Permeability \nTests of the Salado Formation at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site: First Interim Report. \nSAND90-0083. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM. \nBeauheim, R.L., Dale, T.F., and Pickens, J.F. 1991b. Interpretations of Single-Well Hydraulic \nTests of the Rustler Formation Conducted in the Vi cinity of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site, \n1988-1989. SAND89-0869. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM. \nBeauheim, R.L., Meigs, L.C., Saulnier, G.J., J R. and Stensrud, W.A. 1995. Culebra Transport \nProgram Test Plan: Tracer Testing of the Cule bra Dolomite Member of the Rustler Formation \nat the H-19 and H-11 Hydropads on the WIPP Site . ERMS #230156. 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Regulatory Guide 1.60, December 1973. \nMarch 2004 2-186 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 \n3 \n4 \n5 \n6 \n7 \n8 \n9 \n10 11 12 \n13 \n14 15 \n16 \n17 18 \n19 \n20 21 \n22 \n23 24 \n25 \n26 \n27 \n28 \n29 30 \n31 \n32 33 \n34 \n35 36 Vine, J.D. 1963. “Surface Geology of the Nash Draw Quadrangle, Eddy County, New Mexico.” \nU.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1141-B . U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. \nWashington Regulatory & Envir onmental Services (WRES). 2003. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant \nSite Environmental Report for Calendar Year 2002, DOE/WIPP 03-2222, Carlsbad, NM. \nWaste Isolation Pilot Plant Management a nd Operating Contractor (WIPP MOC). 1995. Basic \nData Report for WQSP 1, WQSP 2, WQSP 3, WQSP 4, WQSP 5, WQSP 6, WQSP 6a, \nDOE/WIPP 95-2154. WIPP MOC, Carlsbad, NM. \nWeart, W.D. 1983. Summary Evaluation of the Waste Is olation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Site \nSuitability. SAND83-0450. Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories. \nWestinghouse Electric Cor poration (WEC). 1991a. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Groundwater \nMonitoring Program Plan and Procedures Manual. WP02-1. Westinghouse Electric \nCorporation, Waste Isolati on Division, Carlsbad, NM. \nWestinghouse Electric Corporation (WEC). 1991b. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site \nEnvironmental Report for Calendar Year 1990. DOE/WIPP 91-008. Westinghouse Electric \nCorporation, Waste Isolati on Division, Carlsbad, NM. \nWestinghouse Electric Corporation (WEC). 1992. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site \nEnvironmental Report for Calendar Year 1991. DOE/WIPP 92-007. Westinghouse Electric \nCorporation, Waste Isolati on Division, Carlsbad, NM. \nWestinghouse Electric Corporation (WEC). 1993. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site \nEnvironmental Report for Calendar Year 1992. DOE/WIPP 93-017. Westinghouse Electric \nCorporation, Waste Isolati on Division, Carlsbad, NM. \nWestinghouse Electric Corporation (WEC). 1994. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site \nEnvironmental Report for Calendar Year 1993. DOE/WIPP 94-2003. Westinghouse Electric \nCorporation, Waste Isolati on Division, Carlsbad, NM. \nWestinghouse Electric Corporation (WEC). 1995. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site \nEnvironmental Report for Calendar Year 1994. DOE/WIPP 95-Draft-2094. Westinghouse \nElectric Corporation, Waste Isol ation Division, Carlsbad, NM. \nWestinghouse Electric Co rporation (WEC). 1996. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site \nEnvironmental Report for Calendar Year 1995, DOE/WIPP 96-2182, Westinghouse Electric \nCorporation, Waste Isolati on Division, Carlsbad, NM. \nWestinghouse Electric Co rporation (WEC). 1997. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site \nEnvironmental Report for Calendar Year 1996 , DOE/WIPP 97-2225, Westinghouse Electric \nCorporation, Waste Isolati on Division, Carlsbad, NM. \nWestinghouse Electric Co rporation (WEC). 1998. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site \nEnvironmental Report for Calendar Year 1997, DOE/WIPP 98-2225, Westinghouse Electric \nCorporation, Waste Isolati on Division, Carlsbad, NM. \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-187 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nWestinghouse Government Environmental Services Company (WGESC), LLC. 1999. Waste \nIsolation Pilot Plant Site Envir onmental Report for Calendar Year 1998, DOE/WIPP 99-2225, \nWestinghouse Electric Cor poration, Waste Isolation Division, Carlsbad, NM. 1 2 3 \n4 \n5 6 \n7 \n8 \n9 \n10 \n11 \n12 \n13 14 \n15 \n16 17 \n18 Wolfe, H.G., et al., eds. 1977. An Environmental Baseline Study of the Los Medaños Waste \nIsolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Project Ar ea of New Mexico: A Progress Report. SAND77-7017. \nSandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM. \nWood, B.J., Snow, R.E., Cosler, D.J., and Haji-Djafari, S. 1982. Delaware Mountain Group \n(DMG) Hydrology—Salt Removal Potential, Wa ste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Project, \nSoutheastern New Mexico. TME 3166. U.S. Department of Energy, Albuquerque, NM. \nZoback, M.L., and Zoback, M.D. 1980. “State of Stress in the Conterminous United States.” \nJournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 85, No. B11, pp. 6113 - 6156. \nZoback, M.L., Zoback, M.D., Adams, J., Bell, S., Suter, M., Suarez, G., Estabrook, C., and \nMagee, M. 1991. Stress Map of North America. Continent Scale Map CSM-5, Scale \n1:5,000,000. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO. \nZoback, M.D., and Zoback, M.L. 1991. “Tectonic Stress Field of North America and Relative \nPlate Motions.” In Neotectonics of North America, D.B. Slemmons, E.R. Engdahl, M.D. \nZoback, and D.D. Blackwell, eds., pp. 339 - 366. Geological Society of Am erica, Boulder, CO. \n \nMarch 2004 2-188 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \nINDEX 1 \n2 \n3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 \n36 \n37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 40 CFR Part 191................................................................................................................ ........... 2-6 \naccessible environment ......................................................................................... 2-83, 2-85, 2-11 5 \nactinide \nCulebra........................................................................................................................ ......... 2-103 \ntransport ...................................................................................................................... ......... 2-103 \nadvection.................................................................................................... 2-14, 2-45, 2-103, 2-108 \nanalysis \nprobabilistic...............................................................................................................2-1 62, 2-166 \nanhydrite 2-24, 2-26, 2-31, 2-33, 2-34, 2-44, 2-45, 2-48, 2-51, 2- 69, 2-74, 2-76, 2-83, 2-90, 2-93, \n2-97, 2-100, 2-107, 2-110, 2-115, 2-117, 2-119 \nanthropogenic.................................................................................................... 2-120, 2-121, 2-122 \narchaeology...................................................................................................................2 -138, 2-143 \narea \ncontrolled ........................................................................................................ 2-99, 2-134, 2-141 \nassurance requirements ......................................................................................................... ..... 2-83 \nbarrier........................................................................................................................ ................. 2-13 \nengineered..................................................................................................................... ........... 2-7 \nnatural ........................................................................................................................ ............ 2-13 \nBell Canyon 2-20, 2-23, 2-24, 2- 26, 2-27, 2-28, 2-29, 2-71, 2-77, 2-80, 2-83, 2-89, 2-90, 2-91, 2-\n124 \nborehole 2-7, 2-15, 2-16, 2-17, 2-26, 2-29, 2-37, 2-40, 2-47, 2-56, 2-65, 2-71, 2-73, 2-76, 2-78, 2-\n80, 2-82, 2-83, 2-89, 2-90, 2-93, 2-117, 2-119, 2-127, 2-133, 2-137 \nboundary conditions..........................................................................................................2- 6, 2-108 \nbreccia pipes........................................................................................2-10, 2-74, 2-77, 2-80, 2- 124 \nbrine ..... 2-7, 2-29, 2-33, 2-35, 2-37, 2-73, 2-77, 2-80, 2-83, 2-88, 2-89, 2-91, 2-94, 2-96, 2-99, 2-\n127, 2-131, 2-133 \naquifer .................................................................................................... 2-35, 2-77, 2-125, 2 -127 \nbrine reservoirs..................................................................... 2-9, 2-30, 2-74, 2-89, 2-90, 2-91, 2-93 \nvolume......................................................................................................................... ........... 2-90 \ncalcite ........................................................................................................................ ........2-30, 2-33 \ncalibrate...................................................................................................................... .............. 2-115 \nCapitan Limestone .......... 2-24, 2-26, 2-31, 2-59, 2-71, 2-73, 2-78, 2-80, 2- 83, 2-89, 2-122, 2-129 \ncarbonates ...........................................................................................2-13, 2-23, 2-38, 2-40, 2-122 \nCastile 2-24, 2-26, 2-29, 2-30, 2-31, 2-33, 2-58, 2-71, 2-73, 2-74, 2-76, 2-77, 2-80, 2-83, 2-86, 2-\n88, 2-89, 2-90, 2-91, 2-93, 2-94, 2-95, 2-124, 2-133 \nCenozoic ........................................................................................................ 2-50, 2-63, 2-6 8, 2-80 \nCentral Basin Platform............................................... 2-19, 2-63, 2-69, 2-160, 2-163, 2-164, 2-166 \nchanneling............................................................................................................... 2-35, 2-51, 2-95 \nCherry Canyon.................................................................................................................. ......... 2-24 \nclimate...................................................................................................... 2-97, 2-108, 2-133 , 2-148 \ncolloid ........................................................................................................................ .............. 2-103 \nCompliance Certification Application (CCA ) . 2-7, 2-12, 2-13, 2-14, 2-15, 2-19, 2-20, 2-23, 2-24, \n2-26, 2-29, 2-30, 2-31, 2-33, 2- 34, 2-35, 2-37, 2-40, 2-42, 2-44, 2-45, 2-47, 2-48, 2-50, 2-57, \n2-58, 2-62, 2-69, 2-71, 2-73, 2- 76, 2-78, 2-80, 2-83, 2-86, 2-87, 2-89, 2-91, 2-93, 2-95, 2-97, \n2-99, 2-101, 2-103, 2-104, 2-105, 2-108, 2- 109, 2-110, 2-114, 2-115, 2-116, 2-117, 2-119, 2-\nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-189 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 \n36 \n37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 120, 2-124, 2-125, 2-126, 2-127, 2-131, 2-133, 2-134, 2-137, 2-138, 2-143, 2-145, 2-160, 2-162, 2-163, 2-166 \ncomputational model...........................................................................................................2 -7, 2-14 \nconceptual model ....2-6, 2-13, 2-14, 2-19, 2- 30, 2-38, 2-44, 2-58, 2-78, 2-83, 2-91, 2-96, 2-99, 2-\n100, 2-101, 2-108, 2-116, 2-117, 2-125 \nconsequence analysis ........................................................................................................... ...... 2-58 \ncontrolled area..................................................................................................... 2-99, 2-134 , 2-141 \ncreep closure .................................................................................................................. ............ 2-38 \nCretaceous.................................................................................................................................. 2-67 \nCulebra2-13, 2-15, 2-18, 2-20, 2-35, 2-38, 2-42, 2-44, 2-45, 2-46, 2-47, 2-48, 2-66, 2-67, 2-68, 2-\n74, 2-81, 2-83, 2-85, 2-86, 2-88, 2-99, 2-100, 2- 101, 2-103, 2-104, 2-106, 2-110, 2-116, 2-119, \n2-120, 2-138 \nmodel.........................................................................................................................2-101, 2-115 \ncuttings....................................................................................................................... ................ 2-48 \ndata \nquality ........................................................................................................................ ............ 2-15 \ndeformation.........2-9, 2-13, 2-26, 2-29, 2-31, 2-34, 2-45, 2-51, 2-59, 2-65, 2-71, 2-74, 2-76, 2-90 \nDelaware Basin 2-13, 2-16, 2-23, 2-24, 2-26, 2-29, 2-30, 2-31, 2-33, 2-34, 2-37, 2-38, 2-63, 2-65, \n2-69, 2-71, 2-76, 2-80, 2-83, 2- 84, 2-85, 2-93, 2-96, 2-122, 2- 124, 2-134, 2-137, 2-138, 2-145 \nDelaware Mountain Group ...............................................................................................2-20, 2-24 \ndemographics ................................................................................................................2-1 32, 2-138 \nDevonian....................................................................................................................... ............. 2-23 \nDewey Lake 2-51, 2-52, 2-53, 2- 55, 2-58, 2-66, 2-68, 2-69, 2-71, 2-83, 2-85, 2-86, 2-88, 2-89, 2-\n97, 2-119, 2-120, 2-121, 2-122 \ndiapirism ...................................................................................................................... ................ 2-9 \ndiffusion ...................................................................................................................... ....2-45, 2-102 \ndike.......................................................................................................................... 2 -37, 2-69, 2-72 \ndischarge ............................................... 2-11, 2-87, 2-89, 2- 97, 2-100, 2-103, 2-109, 2-127, 2-129 \ndisposal system \nperformance ............................................................................................. 2-13, 2-38, 2-58, 2-110 \ndissolution... 2-10, 2-11, 2-12, 2-13, 2-16, 2-26, 2-29, 2-31, 2-34, 2-36, 2-40, 2-44, 2-48, 2-50, 2-\n59, 2-62, 2-69, 2-71, 2-74, 2-76, 2-78, 2-80, 2-88, 2-97, 2-100, 2-105, 2-114, 2-122, 2-124, 2-125, 2-133 \ndisturbed rock zone (DRZ) .....................................................................2-7, 2-73, 2-85, 2-94, 2-96 \nDockum Group..................................................................................................................2 -53, 2-66 \ndouble porosity........................................................................................................................... 2-14 \ndrainage.................................................................2-55, 2-59, 2-62, 2-82, 2-87, 2-97, 2-127, 2-131 \ndrilling.. 2-14, 2-15, 2-23, 2-26, 2-44, 2-48, 2- 53, 2-55, 2-69, 2-73, 2-74, 2-77, 2-83, 2-94, 2-105, \n2-122, 2-125, 2-132, 2-136, 2-141, 2-144 \nengineered \nbarriers ....................................................................................................................... .............. 2-7 \nerosion...................... 2-11, 2-12, 2-16, 2-19, 2-51, 2- 57, 2-58, 2-59, 2-62, 2- 66, 2-81, 2-89, 2-105 \nexposure pathways.............................................................................................................. ..... 2-145 \nfacility design................................................................................................................ ......2-7, 2-55 \nfault ........................................................... 2-9, 2-26, 2-62, 2-63, 2-73, 2-145, 2-150, 2-160, 2-161 \nfauna...................................................................................................................... 2-12, 2-51, 2-145 \nMarch 2004 2-190 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 \n35 \n36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 features, events, and processes (FEPs) ...................................................2-6, 2-9, 2-15, 2-58, 2-134 \nnatural ..................................................................................................................... 2-6 , 2-9, 2-15 \nfluvial ..................................................................................................2-11, 2-40, 2-51, 2-55 , 2-146 \nForty-niner ..........................................................................................2-38, 2-40, 2-50, 2-86, 2-117 \nfractures..... 2-9, 2-30, 2-34, 2-42, 2-45, 2-46, 2-51, 2-66, 2-77, 2-90, 2-95, 2-99, 2-102, 2-114, 2-\n119, 2-127 \nfuture events.................................................................................................................. ........... 2-162 \nGatuña.............................................................................. 2-50, 2-56, 2- 59, 2-68, 2-71, 2-80, 2-146 \nglaciation..................................................................................................................... ....2-12, 2-146 \ngroundwater 2-10, 2-11, 2-26, 2- 34, 2-37, 2-45, 2-51, 2-58, 2-78, 2-89, 2-93, 2-97, 2-98, 2-99, 2-\n101, 2-107, 2-115, 2-117, 2-119, 2-120, 2-121, 2-124, 2-125, 2-132, 2-138, 2-145 \nmonitoring....................................................................... 2-83, 2-89, 2-109, 2-115, 2-119, 2-120 \nGuadalupian Series ............................................................................................................. ....... 2-24 \nhuman intrusion ...................................................................................................... 2-16, 2-82, 2-83 \nhummock........................................................................................................................ ...2-57, 2-59 \nhunting ........................................................................................................................ ..2-141, 2-142 \nhydraulic \npotential.................................................................................................................................. 2-96 \nhydraulic conductivity ....................................2-85, 2-88, 2- 97, 2-100, 2-116, 2-121, 2-122, 2-124 \nhydraulic gradient .................................................... 2-88, 2-89, 2-102, 2-110, 2-117, 2-124, 2-125 \npotential.................................................................................................................................. 2-96 \nhydrostatic.................................................................................................................... .....2-90, 2-95 \nindependent review ............................................................................................................. ....... 2-15 \ninfiltration ...........................2-11, 2-51, 2-58, 2-82, 2-86, 2-87, 2-110, 2-120, 2-122, 2-124, 2-145 \ninterbed .......................................................................................................... 2-31, 2-38, 2 -45, 2-95 \ninventory ...................................................................................................................... ............ 2-144 \nkarst............................................................................................. 2-35, 2-59, 2-76, 2-78, 2-80, 2-99 \nLamar limestone................................................................................................................ 2-24, 2-26 \nLand Withdrawal Act (LWA).................................................................................................. 2-14 1 \nland withdrawal area........................................................................................................... ..... 2-141 \nLeonardian Series.............................................................................................................. ......... 2-24 \nlithofacies.................................................................................................................... ............... 2-55 \nLivingston Ridge................................................................................................... 2-35, 2-62, 2-141 \nloading................................................................................................................... 2-62, 2-67, 2-114 \nLos Medaños.......................................................................................2-38, 2-40, 2-44, 2-86, 2-100 \nMagenta......................... 2-13, 2-19, 2-20, 2-38, 2-48, 2- 50, 2-83, 2-86, 2-99, 2-109, 2-116, 2-117 \nMalaga Bend ....................................................................................................... 2-97, 2-125, 2-131 \nMcNutt Potash Zone .......................................................................................................2-31, 2-133 \nMescalero Caliche........................................................................................ 2-55, 2-57, 2-59, 2-146 \nmetamorphic .................................................................................................................... .2-10, 2-16 \nMississippian.................................................................................................................. ............ 2-23 \nMississippian Limestone........................................................................................................ .... 2-23 \nmodel \ncomputational.................................................................................................................. 2-7, 2-14 \nconceptual . 2-6, 2-13, 2-14, 2-19, 2-30, 2-38, 2-44, 2-45, 2-47, 2-58, 2-78, 2-83, 2-91, 2-96, 2-\n99, 2-100, 2-108, 2-116, 2-117, 2-125 \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-191 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 \n36 \n37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Culebra......................................................................................................................2- 101, 2-115 \nnumerical................................................................................................................................ 2-99 \nmonitoring.............................................................................................2-15, 2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-83 \nenvironmental ...........................................................................................................2-121, 2-148 \ngroundwater ............................................2-89, 2-101, 2-108, 2-115, 2-116, 2-117, 2-119, 2-120 \nmudstone...................................................................... 2-34, 2-35, 2- 48, 2-49, 2-100, 2-105, 2-115 \nNash Draw ....................................................2-86, 2-97, 2-116, 2-121, 2-122, 2-125, 2-129, 2-146 \nnatural barriers ............................................................................................................... ............ 2-13 \nnumerical model................................................................................................................ ......... 2-99 \nOchoan ..................................................................................................2-23, 2-26, 2-51, 2-63, 2-78 \nOgallala Formation .................................................2-55, 2- 59, 2-62, 2-65, 2-68, 2-69, 2-76, 2-129 \noil and gas ........................................................................... 2-26, 2-69, 2-132, 2-137, 2-141, 2-142 \nOrdovician..................................................................................................................... ....2-23, 2-63 \nPaleozoic................................................................................................................. 2-20, 2-23, 2-62 \nparameter2-6, 2-13, 2-16, 2-20, 2-30, 2-38, 2- 44, 2-62, 2-81, 2-95, 2-107, 2-116, 2-117, 2-121, 2-\n137, 2-162, 2-166 \nvalue............................................................................. 2-7, 2-47, 2-48, 2-53, 2-91, 2-101, 2-103 \nPecos River ............. 2-55, 2-59, 2-62, 2-69, 2- 82, 2-97, 2-124, 2-125, 2-127, 2-131, 2-142, 2-146 \nPennsylvanian .................................................................................................................. .2-23, 2-63 \nperformance assessment (PA) 2-6, 2-7, 2-13, 2-14, 2-16, 2-38, 2-53, 2-83, 2-86, 2-91, 2-93, 2-95, \n2-96, 2-97, 2-99, 2-102, 2-114, 2-134, 2-141 \npermafrost .................................................................................................................................. 2-12 \npermeability ............................................................................................................................... 2-85 \nPermian ........................................................................................................................ .....2-23, 2-57 \nBasin ...................................................................................................... 2-63, 2-64, 2-163, 2 -164 \nPeriod ......................................................................................................................... ...2-37, 2-63 \nplugging ....................................................................................................................... ............ 2-137 \npolyhalite...............................................................................................2-31, 2-33, 2-34, 2-37 , 2-71 \npossible futures ............................................................................................................... ......... 2-134 \npotash resources............................................................................................................... .2-14, 2-77 \nPrecambrian ............................................................................................................ 2-16, 2-23, 2-69 \nprecipitation .......................................... 2-12, 2-58, 2-81, 2-87, 2-121, 2-129, 2-131, 2-147, 2-148 \nPrecipitation .................................................................................................................. ........... 2-151 \npressure \ngradient ....................................................................................................................... ........... 2-88 \nprobabilistic analysis......................................................................................... 2-162, 2-163, 2-166 \nprobability............................................... 2-30, 2-58, 2-62, 2-73, 2-91, 2-122, 2-136, 2-162, 2-166 \nProject Gnome ......................................................................................................................... 2-145 \nquality assurance (QA) ......................................................................................................... ..... 2-14 \nQuaternary...................................................................................................... 2-57, 2-63, 2-6 9, 2-80 \nranching....................................................................................................................... ............. 2-142 \nrecharge................................................... 2-11, 2-78, 2-86, 2-87, 2-97, 2-108, 2-110, 2-119, 2-124 \nrecords packages ............................................................................................................... ......... 2-15 \nresources ................................................................................................................. 2-7, 2-76, 2-141 \npotash ......................................................................................................................... ...2-14, 2-77 \nRichter scale.................................................................................................................. 2-150, 2-160 \nMarch 2004 2-192 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 \n27 \n28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 risk.......................................................................................................... 2-132, 2-162, 2-1 63, 2-166 \nRustler 2-13, 2-30, 2-33, 2-35, 2-38, 2-39, 2-40, 2-41, 2-42, 2-43, 2-44, 2-48, 2-49, 2-50, 2-53, 2-\n58, 2-69, 2-71, 2-73, 2-77, 2-78, 2-80, 2-83, 2-85, 2-86, 2-88, 2-97, 2-99, 2-100, 2-101, 2-105, 2-110, 2-119, 2-125, 2-127 \nSalado. 2-12, 2-24, 2-26, 2-29, 2-32, 2-33, 2-35, 2-36, 2-37, 2-38, 2-42, 2-44, 2-58, 2-63, 2-71, 2-\n73, 2-74, 2-77, 2-78, 2-80, 2-81, 2-82, 2-83, 2-85, 2-86, 2-88, 2-89, 2-90, 2-93, 2-94, 2-95, 2-96, 2-97, 2-99, 2-100, 2-105, 2-106, 2-107, 2-110, 2-124, 2-125, 2-127, 2-133, 2-145 \nSan Simon Sink................................................................................................................. ......... 2-77 \nSan Simon Swale ................................................................................................................ ....... 2-62 \nSanta Rosa................... 2-51, 2-54, 2-55, 2-68, 2-69, 2-86, 2-88, 2-97, 2-119, 2-120, 2-121, 2-124 \nscarps......................................................................................................................... ........2-59, 2-69 \nscenarios.................................................................................................................. 2-6, 2-83, 2-133 \nseals.......................................................................................................................... ................ 2-150 \nseismic............................................ 2-9, 2-10, 2-29, 2-62, 2-73, 2-144, 2-150, 2-160, 2-163, 2-166 \nshafts .................................................................2-38, 2-48, 2-74, 2-85, 2-105, 2-109, 2-119, 2-120 \nsiliciclastic............................................................................................................... 2-3 4, 2-40, 2-44 \nsiltstone ...................................................................... 2-35, 2-48, 2-50, 2-100, 2-115, 2-117, 2-121 \nSilurian....................................................................................................................... ................ 2-23 \nSimpson...................................................................................................................................... 2-23 \nsite \ncharacterization.................................................................................2-6, 2-13, 2-15, 2-59, 2-120 \nsorption .................................................................................................................................... 2-103 \nstratigraphy ................................................................................................................... ....2-38, 2-39 \nsubsidence.......................................................................... 2-9, 2-59, 2-62, 2-63, 2-77, 2-80, 2-100 \nsurface \ndrainage....................................................................................................................... 2-87, 2-127 \nstructures......................................................................... 2-15, 2-86, 2-107, 2-120, 2-121, 2-122 \nwater..............................................................................................2-11, 2-81, 2-87, 2-119, 2-1 45 \nsylvite................................................................................................2-33, 2-34, 2-37, 2-133, 2-134 \nsyndeposition ..................................................................... 2-34, 2-37, 2-45, 2-48, 2-51, 2-74, 2-77 \nTamarisk ................................................... 2-38, 2-40, 2-47, 2- 48, 2-78, 2-86, 2-101, 2-108, 2-115 \ntectonic........................................................ 2-9, 2-58, 2-68, 2-69, 2-71, 2-78, 2-150, 2-161, 2-163 \nthreshold pressure ............................................................................................................. ......... 2-95 \ntime-domain electromagnetic (TDEM)...................................................................................... 2-91 \ntransmissivity ....................2-14, 2-82, 2-85, 2-86, 2-88, 2-100, 2-114, 2-116, 2-117, 2-119, 2-125 \nCulebra......................................................................................2-42, 2-101, 2-104, 2-106, 2-116 \ntransport ............. 2-12, 2-14, 2-40, 2-45, 2-50, 2- 81, 2-85, 2-87, 2-93, 2-101, 2-108, 2-110, 2-115 \ntransuranic (TRU) waste........................................................................................................ .... 2-80 \nTriassic..................................................................................................2-30, 2-51, 2-53, 2-6 6, 2-80 \nuncertainty.................................................................................................... 2-6, 2-42, 2-109 , 2-115 \nunderground ........................................................................................................ 2-14, 2-150, 2-166 \nfacilities........................................................................................................... 2-85, 2-15 0, 2-166 \nsource of drinking water (USDW)..............................................................................2-86, 2-138 \nundisturbed performance (UP)................................................................................................... 2-82 \nunloading............................................................................................................... 2-62, 2 -67, 2-114 \nunnamed lower member............................................................................... 2-31, 2-38, 2-44, 2-100 \nDOE/WIPP 2004-3231 2-193 March 2004 Title 40 CFR Part 191 Subparts B and C Co mpliance Recertification Application 2004 \n1 \n2 3 4 5 uplift............................................................................................................... 2-62, 2-63 , 2-68, 2-69 \nUpper Devonian Woodford Shale.............................................................................................. 2-23 \nvug......................................................................................................................... 2-4 4, 2-45, 2-102 \nWolfcampian Series............................................................................................................. ...... 2-23 \n \nMarch 2004 2-194 DOE/WIPP 2004-3231 "
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "U5CA6R4P5ZCQELXPJW3N2OHTGXSHH5RH.pdf",
"text": "383.235 Verdict -- Procedure in case of disagreement. \nThe jurors, after hearing the evidence, shall, by their inquest, say whether the defendants, \nor either of them, be guilty or not guilty of the forcible entry or detainer complained of; \nand shall return their inquest, signed by one of their body, to the cou rt. If the jury do not \nagree, it may be discharged, and another be ordered to be summoned to meet, either \nimmediately or at some future day to be then and there fixed and indorsed on the warrant; \nand this proceeding shall be continued until a jury agree. \nEffective: January 2, 1978 \nHistory: Amended 1976 (1st Extra. Sess.) Ky. Acts ch. 14, sec. 315, effective January \n2, 1978. -- Transferred 1952 Ky. Acts ch. 84, sec. 1, effective July 1, 1953, from \nC.C. sec. 459. "
} |
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"text": "page 1 of 7 Thu Mar 01 01:09:33 EST 2012 591201040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nTri-Valley Central School District for 2008-09\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nSpecial Education School District Data Profile for 2008-09\nThe Special Education School District Data Profile is prepared in accordance with the requirement of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Each State must have \na State Performance Plan (SPP) to evaluate the State's efforts to meet the requirements and purposes of the implementation of IDEA. The SPP is a six-year plan which describes \nNew York State's performance on 20 indicators. States must report annually to the public on the performance of the State in an Annual Performance Report (APR) and each \nschool district against the State's targets. New York State's SPP and the APR that describe these indicators in detail are available at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/specialed/spp/ .\nThe following report reflects only quantifiable data collected by the State. Since performance of a school district in any indicator may be the result of unique circumstances within \na district, readers are encouraged to consider information provided by the district's administration in interpreting these data.\nEnrollment and Classification Rate\n 2008-09\nEnrollment of school-age students with disabilities on October 1 130\nDistrict enrollment (public and nonpublic school-age students ? with and without disabilities) on the first Wednesday \nin October1,179\nSpecial education classification rate 11%\nEnrollment of preschool students with disabilities on October 1 15\nIndicator 1: Graduation Rate of Students with Disabilities\n 2008-09\n(2005 Total Cohort four years later as \nof August 2009)2008-09\n(2004 Total Cohort five years later as \nof June 2009)\nNumber of students with disabilities who first entered 9th grade anywhere (or \nif ungraded, became 17 years old) in 2005-0615 \nNumber of students with disabilities who first entered 9th grade anywhere (or \nif ungraded, became 17 years old) in 2004-05 11\nGraduation rate 40% 63.6%\nState target for 2008-09 44% or higher No State Target\nMeets State target? Not Applicable* Not Applicable\n* Districts are only held accountable for the performance of students when there are at least 30 students in the total cohort. page 2 of 7 Thu Mar 01 01:09:33 EST 2012 591201040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nTri-Valley Central School District for 2008-09\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 2: Drop-Out Rate of Students with Disabilities\n 2008-09\n(2005 Total Cohort as of August 2009)\nNumber of students with disabilities who first entered 9th grade anywhere (or if ungraded, became 17 years old) in \n2005-06 school year15\nDrop-out rate after four years 20%\nState target for 2008-09 18% or lower\nMeets State target? Not Applicable*\n* Districts are only held accountable for the performance of students when there are at least 30 students in the total cohort.\nIndicator 3: State Assessments\nParticipation in State Assessments2008-09\nGrades\n3-8\nEnglish Language \nArts (ELA)Grades\n3-8\nMathHigh School\nEnglish Language \nArts (ELA)High School\nMath\nEnrollment of students with disabilities for participation rate 54 55 Less Than 40* Less Than 40*\nParticipation rate 100% 100% * *\nState target for 2008-09 95% 95% 95% 95%\nMeets State target? Yes Yes * *\n* Participation rate is provided only if at least 40 students with disabilities are reported in the first row.\nPerformance on State Assessments and Adequate Yearly Progress \n(AYP)2008-09\nGrades\n3-8\nEnglish Language \nArts (ELA)Grades\n3-8\nMathHigh School\nEnglish Language \nArts (ELA)High School\nMath\nEnrollment of students with disabilities for performance \naccountability53 53 Less Than 30** Less Than 30**\nScore on performance index 104 125 ** **\nState target for 2008-09 106 115 129 139\nMeets State target? No Yes ** **\nMade AYP? Yes Yes ** **\n** A performance index score is provided only if at least 30 students with disabilities are reported in the first row. page 3 of 7 Thu Mar 01 01:09:33 EST 2012 591201040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nTri-Valley Central School District for 2008-09\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 4: Suspensions/Expulsions\nLong-term Suspension Rate 2008-09\nNumber of students with disabilities suspended out-of-school for more than 10 days 3\nNumber of students with disabilities enrolled on October 1 130\nPercent of students with disabilities suspended out-of-school for more than 10 days 2.3%\nState target for 2008-09 2.7% or lower\nMeets State target? Yes\nIndicator 5: School-age Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)\n 2008-09\nNumber of students with disabilities ages \n6-21 on October 1123\n Percent of students with disabilities in general \neducation program for:In\nseparate\nschools / facilitiesIn\nOther\nSettings80% or\nmore of\nthe day40 to 79%\nof the dayLess than\n40% of\nthe day\nPercent of students ages 6-21 in each setting 48.8% 41.5% 6.5% 3.3% 0%\nState target for 2008-09 More than 53.2% No State Target Less than 24.5% Less than 6.7% No State Target\nMeets State target? NoNot Applicable Yes Yes Not Applicable\nIndicator 6: Preschool Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)\nThe data for this indicator are not presented because the LRE reporting categories for preschool children with disabilities are under review by the United States Department of \nEducation. page 4 of 7 Thu Mar 01 01:09:33 EST 2012 591201040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nTri-Valley Central School District for 2008-09\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 7: Preschool Outcomes\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sedcar/data.htm#subschedule for the school year in which this school district \nwill report data for this indicator.\n 2008-09\nPositive\nSocial - Emotional SkillsAcquisition and Use of \nKnowledge & SkillsUse of\nAppropriate Behaviors\nto Meet\ntheir Needs\nNumber of preschool students with disabilities evaluated for progress between \nentry into preschool education and exit from preschool special education.\nOf those preschool children who entered the preschool program below age \nexpectations, the percent who substantially increased their rate of growth by the \ntime they exited the program.\nState target for 2008-09 Targets Begin in 2009-10 Targets Begin in 2009-10 Targets Begin in 2009-10\nMeets State target?\nThe percent of preschool children who were functioning within age expectations \nby the time they exited the program.\nState target for 2008-09 Targets Begin in 2009-10 Targets Begin in 2009-10 Targets Begin in 2009-10\nMeets State target?\nIndicator 8: Parental Involvement\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sedcar/data.htm#subschedule for the school year in which this school district \nwill report data for this indicator.\n 2008-09\nNumber of completed parent surveys returned Insufficient Response**\nPercent of parents who reported that schools facilitated parent involvement to improve services and results for \nstudents with disabilities**\nState target for 2008-09 88% or higher\nMeets State target? **\n** School district did not obtain the minimum required number of surveys returned from parents. page 5 of 7 Thu Mar 01 01:09:33 EST 2012 591201040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nTri-Valley Central School District for 2008-09\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 9: Disproportionality - Identification for Special Education\n 2008-09\nDid the school district have disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in special education and \nrelated services that was the result of inappropriate policies, practices and procedures?No\nState target for 2008-09No school districts will have disproportionality \nthat is the result of inappropriate policies, \npractices and procedures.\nMeets State target? Yes\nIndicator 10A: Disproportionality in Specific Disability Categories\n 2008-09\nDid the school district have disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in specific disability categories \nthat was the result of inappropriate policies, practices and procedures?No\nState target for 2008-09No school districts will have disproportionality \nthat is the result of inappropriate policies, \npractices and procedures.\nMeets State target? Yes\nIndicator 10B: Disproportionality in Special Education Placements\n 2008-09\nDid the school district have disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in particular settings that was \nthe result of inappropriate policies, practices and procedures?No\nState target for 2008-09No school districts will have disproportionality \nthat is the result of inappropriate policies, \npractices and procedures.\nMeets State target? Yes page 6 of 7 Thu Mar 01 01:09:33 EST 2012 591201040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nTri-Valley Central School District for 2008-09\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 11: Timely Evaluations (Child Find)\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sedcar/data.htm#subschedule for the school year in which this school district \nwill report data for this indicator.\n 2008-09\nPreschool School-age Combined\nNumber of students for whom parental consent to evaluate was received (July 1, 2008 to June \n30, 2009)\nNumber of students whose evaluations were completed within the State established timeline\nNumber of children whose evaluations were not completed within State established time lines, but \nfor reasons that are considered to be in compliance with State requirements\nCompliance Rate [Line 2 divided by (Line 1 minus Line 3)*100]\nState target for 2008-09 100%\nMeets State target? \nIndicator 12: Early Childhood Transition\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sedcar/data.htm#subschedule for the school year in which this school district \nwill report data for this indicator.\n 2008-09\nNumber of children who were served in Part C and referred to Part B for eligibility determination\nNumber of those referred determined to be NOT eligible and whose eligibilities were determined prior to their third \nbirthday\nNumber of those found eligible who had an IEP developed and implemented by their third birthday\nNumber of children for whom delays in determination of eligibility or delays in implementing the IEP were caused by \nreasons that are in \"in compliance\" with State requirements\nCompliance Rate [Line 3 divided by (Line 1 minus Line 2 minus Line 4) *100]\nState target for 2008-09 100%\nMeets State target? page 7 of 7 Thu Mar 01 01:09:33 EST 2012 591201040000 New York State Education Department\nSpecial Education\nSchool District Data Profile for\nTri-Valley Central School District for 2008-09\n Special Education Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting (SEDCAR)\nIndicator 13: Secondary Transition\nIf data are not provided for this indicator, see the schedule posted at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sedcar/data.htm#subschedule for the school year in which this school district \nwill report data for this indicator.\n 2008-09\nNumber of IEPs reviewed for students ages 15 and above\nPercent of IEPs of students ages 15 and above that include coordinated, measurable, annual IEP goals and transition \nservices that will reasonably enable the student to meet the post-secondary goals\nState target for 2008-09 100%\nMeets State target?\nIndicator 14: Post-School Outcomes\nData for this indicator will be posted beginning June 2008, in accordance with the schedule posted at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sedcar/data.htm#subschedule.\n 2008-09\nNumber of students interviewed to assess post-school outcomes one year after leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and who have been enrolled in some type of \npost-secondary school AND have been competitively employed within one year of leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and who have been enrolled in some type of \npost-secondary school within one year of leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and have been competitively employed within \none year of leaving high school\nPercent of students who had IEPs, are no longer in secondary school, and who have been enrolled in some type of \npost-secondary school, have been competitively employed, or both, within one year of leaving high school (sum of \nthe three percentages above)\nState target for 2008-09 92% or higher\nMeets State target?"
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"pdf_file": "S2UVWECYPR7LVAESLI2OMTZOVVDIEP2S.pdf",
"text": "Transportation Tax Fund\nHighway Users Tax AccountDistributed by Streets and Highways Code SectionsJune 28, 2010, Apportionment\nCode Cents/ Cents/ Cents/ Other\nSection Gallon Percent Ta x Gallon Percent Ta x Gallon Ta x Revenue Apportioned\nCounties 2104* $0.02035 11.305555% $24,111,594.91 $0.01800 10.000000% $4,385,194.67 $0.01800 $34,262.94 $ 28,531,052.52\n0.00\nCounties 2105 0.01035 5.750000% 12,263,145.93 0.01035 5.750000% 2,521,486.93 0.01035 5.06 14,784,637.92\nCities 2105 0.01035 5.750000% 12,263,145.93 0.01035 5.750000% 2,521,486.93 0.01035 5.06 14,784,637.92\n \nCounties 2106** 2,495,359.97 2,495,359.97\nCities 2106** 0.01040 5.777778% 9,227,028.68 9,227,028.68\nBicycle Lane Account 600,000.00 600,000.00\nCities 2107 0.01315 7.305556% 15,580,712.92 0.01800 10.000000% 4,385,194.67 0.02590 49,300.57 20,015,208.16\nCities - Snow 2107 0.00 0.00\nHighway Account 2108 0.11540 64.111111% 136,731,114.71 0.12330 68.500000% 30,038,583.46 various 45,585.66 $207,249.45 167,022,533.28State Controller, Support -93,196.95 -93,196.95\nState Controller, Pro Rata 0.00 0.00\nState Controller, Support\nTOTA\nL $0.18000 100.000000% $213,178,906.10 $0.18000 100.000000% $43,851,946.66 various $129,159.29 $207,249.45 $ 257,367,261.50\n* Detail of Apportionment to Counties under Section 2104:\nEngineering Costs and Administrative Expenses, County Roads, Section 2104 (a) $ 96,686.00\nSnow Removal, Sections 2104 (b), 2110 583,333.33\nHeavy Rainfall and Storm Damage, Sections 2104 (c), 2110.5 41,666.67\nRoad Purposes 75% Allocation, Section 2104 (d) 21,398,289.39\nRoad Purposes, Section 2104 (e & f) 6,411,077.13\nTotal for Section 2104 $ 28,531,052.52\n** Detail of Apportionment Under Section 2106:\nTo Counties:\nFixed Amount Section 2106 (a) ($800.00 per County) $ 46,400.00\nBalance Section 2106 (b) (2) 2,448,959.97\nTotal to Counties $ 2,495,359.97\nTo Cities:\nFixed Amount Section 2106 (a) ($400.00 per City) $ 191,600.00\nBalance Section 2106 (b) (3) 9,035,428.68\nTotal to Cities $ 9,227,028.68\nJohn Chiang - California State Controller 1Gasoline Diesel Use Fuel Transportation Tax Fund\nMotor Vehicle Fuel AccountReconciliation of RevenuesMay 24, 2010 through June 23, 2010June 28, 2010, Apportionment\nGasoline Tax Revenue...................................................................................... . $226,280,145.67\nDeduct:\nBoard of Equalization, Support .............................................................. .3,072,679.67\nState Controller, Support …………………………………………………… 318,083.33SCO CH 208/04 GAAP Rptg ………………………………………………. 215.3821st Century Project ………………………………………………………\n… 9,500.00\nTransfer to:\nAeronautics Account (Aircraft Jet Fuel) ................................................. . 180,395.56\nAeronautics Account (Aviation Gasoline) ............................................... 196,573.00Harbors and Watercraft .......................................................................... 3,320,956.00Off Highway ............................................................................................ 6,002,836.63\nTotal Deductions..................................................\n. 13,101,239.57\nNet Gasoline Tax Revenue Available for Distribution........................................ 213,178,906.10\nAdd:\nOther Revenues:\nUse Fuel Tax, Net ............................................................................. 129,159.29Diesel Fuel Tax, Net ......................................................................... 43,851,946.66Regulatory Licenses ......................................................................... 190,923.15Proceeds from Cancelled Warrants .................................................. 16,326.30\nTotal Other Revenues .........................................\n. 44,188,355.40\nTransferred to Highway Users Tax Account,\nJune 24, 2010 $257,367,261.50\nJohn Chiang - California State Controller 2"
} |
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"pdf_file": "LV5NL6NL4B32T7LS4ZJDIPLYV2ACNZ5T.pdf",
"text": "Your School/District Team Evaluation Summary Report and Written Prior Notice of Eligibility Determination: \nYour City Multi-Disabilities SpEd 5h 04.08 \nSazet Raport Tima za Evaluaciju I Napisane Predhodne Zabiljeske za Odredjivanje Podobnosti: \nMulti-Nesposobnosti \n \nU c e n i k Datum sastanka \nS k o l a Razred Rodjen/a \nDefinicija: Istovremene nedostaci (kao sto je intelektualna nesposobnost- sljepoca; intelektualna nesposobnost-ortopedski nedostatak, \nitd.,) koji uticu na studentov obrazovni us pijeh. Kombinacije prouzrokuju ozbiljne obrazovne porebe I ne mogu se zadovoljiti s amo \nprogramim samo za jedan od nedostataka.a specijalne edukacije. Termin ne ukljucuje gluhocu-slijepocu. \n\u0000 Svi zahtjevi Pravila II.J.7 moraju biti dokumentovani dole ili dodati \n \n□ Medical history from a qualified health professional is attached if specific syndromes, special h ealth problems, medication, \nand long term medical prognosis are a concern. \n \nInformacije iz Procjene za kvalifikovanje: Pokazatelji evaluacije (formalne and neformalne), datum, and resultati za svaku oblast procjene. \n \n1. Intelektualne nesposobnosti ______________________________________________________________ \n \n \n \n2. Pomocna/pojacavajuca komunikacija I motorni sistemi uzeti u obzir I dokumentovano \n \n3. Senzorne/motorne sposobnosti (sledece oblasti se moraju razmotriti; oznaci N/A ako je tim odredio da ne treba) \n• Nenormalni dodir na senzaciju zglobova \n_____________________________________________________________________ \n• Nenormalni misicni ton I pokret __________________________________________________________________ \n• Nedostatak integracije primitivnih refleksa__ ________________________________________________________ \n• Nedostatak balansa ili kordinacije __________________________________________________________ \n• Organizacija uzastopnih motornih pokreta _____________________________________________________________ \n• Motorne sposobnosti________________________________________________________________________________ \n4. Vid I sluh_____________________________________________________________________________________ \n \n5. Dodatne procjene odredjene od strane tima (o znaci N/A ako je tim odredio da nema porebe): \n• Akademske sposobnosti \n• Adaptivne sposobnosto (Moraju se mjeriti I dokumentovat i na standardima I/ili nastavno-zasnovanim procjenama sa \ndodatkom od roditelja ili skolskog osoblja) - \n• Jezik I komunikacija \n• Socijalno fukcionisanje (kao sto je samopomoc I sposobnost zivotne nezavisnosti ) \n• Vocational skills (secondary) \n6. Informacije od roditelja ________________________________________________________________________________ \n \n• Da li je nedostatak instrukcija u citanju ili matematici primarni factor u odredjivanju podobnosti? □ Da □ Ne \n Da li je oganiceni sposobnost engleskog jezika primarni factor u odredjivanju podobnosti? □ Da □ Ne \n \n \n \n \n \n \nPotpis nastavnika za specijalnu edukaciju Datum Roditelj/Odraslogj studenta Potpis Datum \n (potpis potvrdjuje prijem kopije) \n \nPotpis/Titula Datum Potpis/Titula \n Napisane Predhodne Zabiljeske za Odredjivanje Podobnosti\nZastita procedure koju ste primili ranije omogucava vam zastitu . Mozete zahtjevati drugu kopiju Za stite procedure od nastavnika za specijalnu edukaciju. \nAko imate pitanja koja se odnose na zabiljeske ili Zastitu procedur e, kontaktirajte direktora ili nastavnika specijalne edukaci je u ucenikovoj skoli \nNa osnovui podataka iz ev aluacije, tim za podobnost pr edlaze sledece aktivnosti: \n □ Ovaj student ima Multi-Nesposobnosti, po definiciji u “ Osobe sa nesposobnostima u aktu o Ob razovanu” (IDEA), koji negativno utice na \nobrazovni uspjeh I zahtjeva spec ijalnu edukaciju I popratne servise. \n \n□ Ovaj student nema , Multi-Nesposobnosti po definiciji u “ Osobe sa nesposobnostima u aktu o Obra zovanu” (IDEA), koji negativno utice na \nobrazovni uspjeh I zahtjeva spec ijalnu edukaciju I popratne servise\n "
} |
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"pdf_file": "65WL52OJL3MDCHS3SWEUYFWBO5W23F2M.pdf",
"text": "Brain Tumor Vigil on Capitol Hill\n\r\n\t\r\n\tFor Immediate Release: May 11, 2007\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tContact: Kimberly Allen, (202) 226-8364; (202) 420-1524 [cell]\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tBrain Tumor Vigil on Capitol Hill\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t(Washington, DC)— Congressman Steve Rothman (D-NJ) recently welcomed The Brain Trust—a\ncommunity of brain tumor survivors, caregivers, and families who have lost loved ones to brain tumors—to Capitol\nHill during Brain Tumor Action Week, April 29 through May 5, 2007. Speaking during a late afternoon vigil in the Upper\nSenate State Park on May 1st, Rothman highlighted the importance of their personal advocacy, stem cell research and\nincreased funding in Washington, DC. \r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t“Finding a cure for brain tumors and other cancers requires intensive new research that the private sector alone\ncannot finance. I fully support federal funding for ethical stem cell research so that medical progress in fighting these\ndeadly and debilitating diseases can continue. Your advocacy this week is vital to showing lawmakers why this life-saving\nresearch is worth the tax dollars. This research is not just about one disease, but about all diseases and the real lives\nthat they affect – real lives like ours,” said Rothman. \r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tRothman participated in the vigil in honor of his nephew, Ben Rothman, who recently underwent brain tumor surgery, and\nJeannine Walston, who was diagnosed with a brain tumor at the age of 24 while working in Rothman’s\ncongressional office. Doctors removed Jeannine’s tumor in 1998, but in 2004 she learned of its recurrence.\nJeannine continues to focus on her health as well as her cancer research and public education efforts. \r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t \r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tRep. Rothman is a member of the House Appropriations Committee, which makes decisions about federal spending.\nMore information about the Brain Trust is available online at: http://www.braintrust.org .\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t \r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t###\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t \r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t \r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t \r\n\t\r\n\r\nThe Online Office of Congressman Steve Rothman\nhttp://www.rothman.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 30 January, 2009, 19:32"
} |
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"pdf_file": "7VDYUYI25N4D4JRD7SKH4HJVX7GYRRFJ.pdf",
"text": "Geological Time Capsule, Part I \nby Kenn Oberrecht \n \n \nIn geological terms, earth's history unfolds in a succession of \nhuman-defined time divisions that embrace thousands, millions, \neven billions of years. The basic unit of geologic time is the period\n, which comprises two or more epochs . An era is a major \ndivision consisting of two or more periods. There are longer \nand shorter divisions, but thes e three serve well in any \ndescription of the features and events that helped shape the earth into the planet we know and formed the environment in \nwhich we exist. \n \nBeginning some five billion years ag o, the Archeozoic Period is the \nearliest division of the Precambrian Era. During that time, the earth's crust gradually solidified. The barren continen ts that formed then were about \nonly one-eighth the size of current continents. The atmosphere had \nexcessive carbon dioxide, no free oxygen, and no ozone to mitigate the effects of the sun's fier ce ultraviolet radiation. \n \nEarth's earliest life forms \nappeared during the Proterozoic \nPeriod. The Proterozoic Period of the Preca mbrian Era began about 2.5 billion \nyears ago. During this time of relative cal m, continents increased to nearly \ntheir present size and formed a great supercontinent. Huge bodies of molten matter known as magma were trap ped inside the earth's crust. As \nthey cooled, minerals crys tallized and settled out, a nd great layers of metal \nformed in the crust. Earth's earliest life forms appeared during the Proterozoic Period. Blue-\ngreen algae began thriving, photosyn thesizing, and pumping free oxygen \ninto the atmosphere. Bacteria and primitive multicellular life forms appeared. The Cambrian was the first period of the Paleozoic Era, occurring 570 million years ago, when the earth' s landmasses settled in a broad \nequatorial band. The largest, which geologists call Gondwana, comprised \nwhat we now know as South America, Africa, India, Australia, and \nAntarctica. Extensive seafloor spreading created high mid-ocean ridges that displaced \nwater and raised sea levels worl dwide. Encroaching waters flooded \ncontinental lowlands, forming vast, wa rm, shallow seas, conducive to the \ndevelopment of new species. A greate r abundance of free oxygen gave rise \nto the emergence of many new life form s. The age of marine invertebrates \ndawned, and shellfish flourished, as did echinoderms, early ancestors of the sea stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers. \nAbout 450 million years ago, during the Ordovician Period, Europe and \nNorth America began to drift nearer each other. In the ocean that \neventually developed into the Atlantic, islands collided and crumbled, creating jagged peaks along the contin ental shelf. Fungi, seaweed, and the \nfirst primitive fishes appeared. The Silurian Period began 435 million years ago. Ozone was accumulating in the upper atmosphere then, formin g a layer dense enough to filter most \nof the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays . The first land plants appeared and \nbegan to colonize. Modern fungi app eared, and shellfish became abundant. \n The Devonian Period marked the age of fishes, 405 million years ago. Earth's first amphibians appeared th en, along with primitive insects and \nland animals. The earliest trees be gan growing in the lowlands and \ncolonizing to form earth's first forests. Earth had aged billions of years and had become hospitable enough for \ncomplex plants and animals to exis t. But more than 340 million years \nwould pass before the primitive ancestors of modern humans would leave footprints in the volcanic ash of Africa's Great Rift Valley. The age of marine invertebrates \ndawned, and shellfish flourished, as did echinoderms, early ancestors of the sea stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers. \n \nThe Devonian Period \nmarked the age of fishes, \n405 million years ago. "
} |
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"pdf_file": "SESP5SOLQQMFWGNYXPD3UCI2KCA6PHQO.pdf",
"text": "U.S. TRAVEL AND TOURISM BALANCE OF TRADE: European Union\n Receipts (Exports) and Payments (Imports) \n2007-2016(p)\n[Millions of U.S. Dollars]\nReceipts (Exports) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016\nTotal Travel and Tourism-Related Exports(1)$37,336 $46,512 $36,516 $38,853 $42,846 $41,998 $44,322 $48,314 $52,216 $49,712\n% Change 20% 25% ‐21% 6% 10% ‐2% 6% 9% 8% ‐5%\nTravel (for all purposes including education)(2)(3)$30,063 $36,358 $28,894 $30,823 $33,409 $32,328 $34,271 $37,598 $42,140 $40,254\n% Change 20% 21% ‐21% 7% 8% ‐3% 6% 10% 12% ‐4%\nOf Which: Education Related(4)$1,601 $1,708 $1,800 $1,820 $1,895 $1,982 $2,062 $2,233 $2,452 OCT\n% Change 15% 7% 5% 1% 4% 5% 4% 8% 10% OCT\nOf Which: Medical/Short-Term Workers(5)$505 $530 $413 $450 $485 $551 $658 $690 $722 OCT\n% Change ‐3% 5% ‐22% 9% 8% 14% 19% 5% 5% OCT\nOf Which: Other Business/Other Personal Travel(5)$27,957 $34,120 $26,681 $28,553 $31,029 $29,795 $31,551 $34,675 $38,966 OCT\n% Change 21% 22% ‐22% 7% 9% ‐4% 6% 10% 12% OCT\nPassenger Air Transport(6)$7,273 $10,154 $7,622 $8,030 $9,437 $9,670 $10,051 $10,716 $10,076 $9,458\n% Change 21% 40% ‐25% 5% 18% 2% 4% 7% ‐6% ‐6%\nPayments (Imports) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016\nTotal Travel and Tourism-Related Imports (1)$40,445 $41,692 $33,034 $35,644 $39,174 $42,780 $42,152 $45,573 $47,663 $50,911\n% Change 3% 3% ‐21% 8% 10% 9% ‐1% 8% 5% 7%\nTravel (for all purposes including education) (2)(3)$29,286 $29,425 $24,187 $26,103 $28,390 $31,100 $29,536 $31,814 $34,363 $36,902\n% Change 4% 0% ‐18% 8% 9% 10% ‐5% 8% 8% 7%\nOf Which: Education Related (4)$2,693 $2,856 $2,761 $2,915 $3,146 $3,275 $3,539 $3,811 $3,947 OCT\n% Change 5% 6% ‐3% 6% 8% 4% 8% 8% 4% OCT\nOf Which: Medical/Short-Term Workers(5)$302 $324 $334 $354 $376 $399 $428 $458 $492 OCT\n% Change 9% 7% 3% 6% 6% 6% 7% 7% 7% OCT\nOf Which: Other Business/Other Personal Travel(5)$26,291 $26,245 $21,092 $22,834 $24,868 $27,426 $25,569 $27,545 $29,924 OCT\n% Change 4% 0% ‐20% 8% 9% 10% ‐7% 8% 9% OCT\nPassenger Air Transport (6)$11,159 $12,267 $8,847 $9,541 $10,784 $11,680 $12,616 $13,759 $13,300 $14,009\n% Change 2% 10% ‐28% 8% 13% 8% 8% 9% ‐3% 5%\nBalance of Trade 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016\nBalance of Trade ‐$3,109 $4,820 $3,482 $3,209 $3,672 ‐$782 $2,170 $2,741 $4,553 ‐$1,199\n(p) Preliminary, subject to future revisions. Passenger fares e stimates produced by the National Travel and Tourism Office wil l be replaced with revised estimates in October.\nSource: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Travel and Tourism Office from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, March 2017.6 This category includes business travel other than expenditures by border, seasonal, and other short-term workers, and persona l travel other than education-related travel and health-related travel.\n7 Fares received for the transport of nonresidents by U.S. air c arriers between the United States and foreign countries and bet ween two foreign points (exports), and the transport of U.S. re sidents by foreign air carriers between the United States \nand foreign countries (imports).1 Total Travel and Tourism Exports/Imports represents the sum of 'Travel' + 'Passenger Air Transport' exports/imports (what int ernational visitors spent while here + what they spent to get h ere).\n2 Travel: These accounts cover purchases of goods and services b y U.S. persons traveling abroad and by foreign travelers in the United States for business or personal reasons. These goods an d services include food, lodging, recreation, gifts, \nentertainment, local transportation in the country of travel, a nd other items incidental to a foreign visit. \n3 All travel purposes include 1) business travel, including expe nditures by border, seasonal, and other short-term workers and 2) personal travel, including health-related and education-rela ted travel, along with spending on day-trips (less than \none night).\n4 All costs foreign students incur in the United States, includi ng tuition at a U.S. institution.\n5 International standards now use a broader definition of travel than previously used, which includes education-related and hea lth-related travel, as well as expenditures on goods and servic es by border, seasonal, and other short-term workers in \nthe United States. For more information, please visit: http://t ravel.trade.gov/pdf/restructuring-travel.pdf "
} |
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"text": "BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM\nImpacts of Standard 90.1-2007 \nfor Commercial Buildings \nat State Level\nSeptember 2009\nPrepared by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory \nfor the U.S. Department of Energy Building Energy Codes Program BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \nIII Executive Summary \nThe Building Energy Codes Program (BECP) recently conducted a nationwide commercial energy code \nanalysis for the U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE). The analysis compares ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA1 Standard \n90.1-2007 with the commercial code in each state as of June 2009. The results are provided in this report in chapters specific to each state. \nStandard 90.1-2007 was chosen for this analysis because it is the baseline energy standard established in the \nAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and the subject of DOE’s forthcoming determination of \nenergy savings for Standard 90.1. An overview of Standard 90.1-2007, as well as a brie f comparison to previous \nversions, is provided as introductory information. \nStates with unique energy codes were not included in the analysis as the c odes in these states would be difficult \nto appropriately compare to Standard 90.1 and most of these states have energy offices that routinely assess \ntheir codes against the national codes. In states with codes prior to a nd including the 2000 IECC or Standard \n90.1-1999, those states with no statewide en ergy code, and home rule states which did not specifically request \nthat another code be used, Sta ndard 90.1-1999 was used as the baseli ne for comparison. Standard 90.1-1999 \nwas chosen as the default baseline because BECP believes it fairly represents current construction practice in \nstates with older codes or no codes. \nThree DOE Benchmark buildings were used for the simula tion used in this analysis: a medium office building \n(53,600 ft\n2), a mid-rise apartment building (33,700 ft2), and a non-refrigerated warehouse (49,500 ft2)—\nrepresenting the Standard 90.1 nonresid ential, residential, and semiheat ed requirements, respectively. The \nbuildings are described in further deta il in the report, and in Appendix A. \nLocations for the analysis were selected based on obtaini ng a sample representative of each climate zone in the \nstate, where TMY2 weather f ile locations existed, making sure to include the state capital. In the absence of a \nTMY2 weather file for a particular climate zone in a st ate, a representative location in an adjacent state was \nused for the purposes of the simulation. These locations, and the full results of each state specific analysis \ncompleted by BECP, are provided in the following report.2 \n \n \n \n1 American National Standards Institute/American Society of H eating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers/Illuminating \nEngineering Society of North America \n2 DISCLAIMER: The results contained in these reports are complete and accurate to th e best of BECP’s knowledge, based on \ninformation available at the time it was written. BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n1 1.0 Introduction \nThis report describes the results of a nationwide commercial energy code analysis undertaken by the Building \nEnergy Codes Program (BECP) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The task involved comparing each \nstate’s current commercial energy code3 to ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA4 Standard 90.1-2007 (Standard 90.1-2007). \nState-specific results are pr ovided in separate chapters. \nThe commercial comparison is made to Standard 90.1-2007 because that is the baseline commercial energy \nstandard established in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Standard 90.1-2007 will also soon be the subject of DOE’s latest determ ination of energy savings for Standard 90.1. \n2.0 Overview of Standard 90.1-2007 \nStandard 90.1-2007 sets requirements for the cost-effectiv e use of energy in commercial buildings. Certain \nbuildings that have very lo w energy use, such as buildings with no h eating or cooling, are exempt. Standard \n90.1-2007 applies to new buildings and to alterations and additi ons to existing buildings. \nTable 1 shows the organization of Standard 90.1-2007. Most of the actual require ments are contained in \nSections 5-10. \nTable 1. Standard 90.1-2007 Table of Contents \n \n1 – Purpose \n2 – Scope \n3 – Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms \n4 – Administration and Enforcement \n5 – Building Envelope \n6 – Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning \n7 – Service Water Heating \n8 – Power \n9 – Lighting \n10 – Other Equipment \n11 – Energy Cost Budget Method \n12 – Normative References \nAppendices \nSub-section numbers are standardized across the requirements sections. Fo r example, sub-section 4 (x.4) is \nalways the Mandatory Requirements. Ta ble 2 shows the basic orga nization of the sub-sections used in Sections \n5-10, although not all sub-sections are used in every Section. \n \n \n3 Defined as the commercial energy code in effect on January 1, 2009, and referred to as the “base code”. Exceptions to this de finition \nare noted in the individual state chapters. \n4 The American National Standards Institute/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning \nEngineers/Illuminating Engineering Society of North America BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n2 Table 2. Organization of Sub-Sections \n \nx.1 – General \nx.2 – Compliance Paths \nx.3 – Simple Buildings or Systems \nx.4 – Mandatory Requirements \nx.5 – Prescriptive Requirements \nx.6 – Alternative Compliance Paths \nx.7 – Submittals \nx.8 – Products \n3.0 Comparison to Previous Versions of Standard 90.1 \nThe first Standard 90.1 was published in 1975, with re visions released in 1980, 1989, and 1999. Standard 90.1 \nwas placed under continuous maintenance in 1999 which a llowed the Standard to be updated with publication \nof approved addenda. Beginning with Standard 90.1-2001, the Standard moved to a three-year publication \ncycle. \nSubstantial revisions to the Standard have occurred since 1989. One major change was a complete revision of \nthe climate zones in 2004. These revised climates zones are shown in Figure 1. \n \n \nFigure 1. Climate Zones \n \n BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n3 Some of the significant requireme nts in Standard 90.1-2007 include: \n Stringent building in sulation requirements \n Simplified fenestration requirements excl uding orientation an d window wall ratio \n Demand control ventilation requirements for spaces w ith an occupant density greater than 40 people per \n1000 ft2 \n Separate simple and complex mechanical requirements. \n4.0 Energy Analysis Assumptions \nAn energy analysis was conducted co mparing each state’s base code to Standard 90.1-2007. The EnergyPlus \nsoftware was used to determine the energy impacts. EnergyPlus was developed by the U.S. Department of \nEnergy5 (DOE). \n4.1 State Base Codes \nStates with unique energy codes (i .e., those that do not adopt/amend th e International Energy Conservation \nCode® [IECC] or Standard 90.1) were not included in the analysis. Th is decision was made by DOE for two \nreasons: 1) these states generally have codes that have little resemb lance to Standard 90.1, making a thorough \ncomparison beyond the scope of this effort, and 2) most of these states have highly capable energy offices that \nroutinely assess their codes against the national codes. Ho wever, states that were not included in the original \nanalysis may request to be considered for a similar analysis by contacting BECP at techsupport@becp.pnl.gov . \nIn some cases, decisions about base codes needed to be made. For example, all versions of the IECC include \ntwo compliance options for commercial buildings: the commercial requirements in the IECC and Standard \n90.1. Since there can only be one base code in the analysis, if a state specifically adopts the IECC as its \ncommercial code, the commercial requirements from the app licable IECC were used in the analysis. There are \nseveral states with older commercial codes6. For states with codes prior to and including the 2000 IECC or \nStandard 90.1-1999, Standard 90.1-1999 was used as the base code. \nStandard 90.1-1999 was chosen as the baseline construc tion for states with older codes because it has been \naround long enough (about 10 years) to al low many of the concepts and requirements embodied in it to become \ncommon practice in the constr uction industry. Standard 90.1-1999 also represents a major change in ASHRAE \nstandards, coming ten years after th e previous version of Standard 90.1. Standard 90.1-1999 is old enough that \nstates considering adoption of Standard 90.1-2007 will still see significant savings, but not so old that states will \nbe misled by the savings shown in this report. K eeping with the concept of Standard 90.1-1999 as “common \npractice” in the construction industry, Standard 90.1-1999 was also used as the base code for states with no \nstate-wide commercial energy c ode. Some home rule states7 requested a specific code be used in the analysis; \nfor all other home rule states Standard 90.1-1999 was used as the base code. \n \n5 EnergyPlus is available and discussed in more detail at http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/ \n6 Examples include codes based on 90A90B, 90.1-1989, and the 1992 Model Energy Code. \n7 In home rule states, codes are adopted and enforced on a local level. BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n4 4.2 Benchmark Buildings \nThree DOE Benchmark buildings8 were used for the simulation: a medium office building, a mid-rise \napartment building, and a non-refrigerated warehouse (semih eated). These three building types represent the \nStandard 90.1 nonresidential, residentia l, and semiheated requirements, resp ectively. For states that have \nadopted a newer version of Standard 90.1 (1999 or late r), the three types of e nvelope requirements were \ncompared directly. For states that have adopted a ve rsion of the IECC that contains only a single set of \ncommercial envelope requirements (any version prior to the 2009 IECC), the medium office and mid-rise \napartment buildings were modeled using the single set of IECC requirements. The warehouse building was \nmodeled using the semiheated envelope requirements from the reference standard version of Standard 90.1 \nincorporated in the version of th e IECC under consideration. DOE assume s that any designer of a warehouse \nthat would truly be considered semi heated within Standard 90.1 would be motivated to use the Standard 90.1 \nsemiheated envelope requirements as allowed by the IECC. \nUse of the IECC requirements for semiheated values in a comparison with Sta ndard 90.1-2007 would lead to \nthe awkward conclusion that the IECC is more stringent. This is true in th e sense that use of more insulation in \nsemiheated buildings will save some energy. However, because Standard 90.1-2007 is the designated \ncomparison and it has separate semiheated envelope requirements, DOE chose to compare those semiheated requirements in the ASHRAE reference standard to the IECC. \nThe medium office has a gross area of 53,600 ft\n2, three floors, and a window-to- wall ratio (WWR) of 33%. The \nHVAC systems are assumed to be a gas furnace and a pack aged DX unit. The walls are modeled as steel frame \nwalls, and the roof as insulation entirely above deck. The mid-rise apartment building has a gross area of 33,700 ft\n2, four floors, and a WWR of 15%. The assumed \nheating system is a gas furnace, with one split DX system assumed to provide cooling for each apartment. The \nwalls are modeled as steel frame walls, and th e roof as insulation entirely above deck. \nThe semiheated warehouse has a gross area of 49,500 ft2, one floor, and no windows in the storage area. \nLimited heating is provided by unit heaters and no coo ling is provided. The walls and roof are modeled as \nmetal building walls and roof. The DOE Benchmark buildings are also further described in Appendix A. \nEquipment efficiencies are assumed to be the current Federal requirements for all codes. While older codes \nmay have older (lower) equipment efficiencies listed in them, equipment that meets the requirements of these \nold codes may no longer be manufactured or imported into the United States. Thus, this equipment is typically \nnot available. There are some pieces of HVAC equipm ent that are not covered by the Federal requirements \n(notably, chillers), bu t the HVAC equipment modeled in the three benchmark buildings used in the analysis is \ncovered by the Federal requirements. \nThe HVAC system for the medium office building is simu lated with an economizer when required by the code. \nBy default, the economizer requirements are base d on Table 6.5.1 in Standard 90.1-2004. A design day \nsimulation was done in all climate z ones to determine the cooling capacity and the economizer requirement. \nThe typical cooling capacity in the medium office build ing exceeds 135,000 Btu/h in all climate zones. Table 3 \nshows the economizer requirement for representative locations in the vari ous climate zones. The building \n \n \n8 The Benchmark buildings are available at and discussed in more detail at \nhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial_initiative/benchmark_models.html . BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n5 simulation assumes that the economizer high limit s hutoff will be controlled by differential dry bulb \ntemperature, a control opti on allowed by the Standard. Under this control scenario, when the outdoor air \ntemperature is below both the return air temperature and the high ambient shutoff temperature, the economizer \nis enabled. \n \nTable 3. Economizer Requirements in Standard 90.1-2004 \n \nClimate \nZone Representative \nCity Economizer \nRequirement \n1A Miami No \n2A Houston No \n2B Phoenix Yes \n3A Atlanta No \n3B Los Angeles Yes \n3C San Francisco Yes \n4A Baltimore No \n4B Albuquerque Yes \n4C Seattle Yes \n5A Chicago Yes \n5B Denver Yes \n6A Minneapolis Yes \n6B Helena Yes \n7 Duluth Yes \n8 Fairbanks Yes \n \n4.3 The 2003 IECC and Lighting Power Density \nOver the two decades of commercial energy code devel opment, changes in allowable lighting power density \nhave been one of the most important drivers of energy efficiency. As an example, Table 4 shows the allowable interior lighting power densities for the three buildings used in this analysis. Similar differences in \nrequirements for other building types can also be listed. BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n6 \nTable 4. Comparison of Lighting Power Density Requirements \n \n \nStandard/Code \nVersion Allowable Interior Lighting Power Density (whole building) – \nwatts per square foot \nOffice Mid-Rise \nApartment Warehouse \nStandard 90.1.1989, \n1998 IECC, 2000 IECC 1.5 to 1.9 Apartment lighting \nnot covered, \nMultifamily not \nlisted 0.4 to 0.8 \nStandard 90.1-1999, Standard 90.1-2001 1.3 Apartment lighting \nnot covered, \nMultifamily 1.0 1.2 \nStandard 90.1-2004, Standard 90.1-2007, 2003 IECC, 2006 IECC, 2009 IECC 1.0 Apartment lighting \nnot covered, \nMultifamily 0.7 0.8 \n \nThe issue with the 2003 IECC is that it uses Standa rd 90.1-2001 as its reference standard. The 2003 IECC \ncontains the low lighting power densitie s exemplified by the 1.0 watt per square foot value in the actual text of \nChapter 8. But the 2003 IECC also allows the use of Standard 90.1-2001 under the provisions of Chapter 7. \nAnd Standard 90.1-2001 has the mid-range interior ligh ting power densities exemp lified by the 1.3 watts per \nsquare foot value. No other versi on of the IECC has as signif icant a discontinuity between the requirements of \nthe IECC and the requirements of th e ASHRAE reference standard. \nFor this analysis, the requirements of the 2003 IECC were used. While lighting designers may very well have \ndiscovered this discontinuity, the us e of the 2003 requirements provide a c onservative estimate of the savings \nassociated with adoption of Standard 90.1-2007. Use of Standard 90.1-2001 lighting densities as the baseline \nwould simply increase the savings. The simulation models for nonresidentia l and semiheated buildings use the lighting power density requirements \nfor office and warehouse, depending on the activity type of the thermal zone. In the case of the residential \nbuilding model, the lighting power dens ity is not regulated in older codes and is assumed to be 0.36 W/sf in \napartment units based on the Building America benc hmark model. The office area and corridor lighting \nrequirements in the residential building model are based on Standard 90.1-2004 requirements. \n4.4 Selected Locations \nThe approach used to select representative locations for the analysis first focu sed on the goal of having one \nlocation to represent each climate zone within a state, with one of the loca tions being the state capital. TMY2 \nweather file locations were used. When a climate zone in a state was not represented by a TMY2 weather file \nlocation in that state, a representative location in an adjacent state was sel ected to represent the climate zone for \npurposes of the simulation. However, a representative city within the actual state is referenced in the report \ntables. A listing of the selected locations is shown below. BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n7 \nState Location Climate Zone State Location Climate Zone \nAL Mobile 2A NE Omaha 5A \nAL Montgomery 3A NV Las Vegas 3B \nAK Anchorage 7 NV Reno 5B \nAK Fairbanks 8 NH Manchester 5A \nAR Little Rock 3A NH Concord 6A \nAR Fayetteville 4A NJ Newark 4A \nAZ Phoenix 2B NJ Paterson 5A \nAZ Sierra Vista 3B NM Las Cruces 3B \nAZ Prescott 4B NM Albuquerque 4B \nAZ Flagstaff 5B NY New York City 4A \nCO La Junta 4B NY Albany 5A \nCO Boulder 5B NY Binghamton 6A \nCO Eagle 6B NM Santa Fe 5B \nCO Alamosa 7B NC Charlotte 3A \nCT Hartford 5A NC Raleigh 4A \nDE Wilmington 4A NC Boone 5A \nDC Washington DC 4A ND Bismarck 6A \nGA Savannah 2A ND Minot 7 \nGA Atlanta 3A OH Cincinnati 4A \nGA Rome 4A OH Columbus 5A \nHI Honolulu 1A OK Oklahoma City 3A \nID Boise 5B OK Guymon 4A \nID Pocatello 6B PA Philadelphia 4A \nIL Belleville 4A PA Harrisburg 5A \nIL Springfield 5A PA Bradford 6A \nIN Evansville 4A RI Providence 5A \nIN Indianapolis 5A SC Columbia 3A \nIA Des Moines 5A SD Yankton 5A \nIA Mason City 6A SD Pierre 6A \nKS Topeka 4A TN Memphis 3A \nKS Goodland 5A TN Nashville 4A \nKY Lexington 4A TX Austin 2A \nLA Baton Rouge 2A TX Houston 2B \nLA Shreveport 3A TX El Paso 3A \nME Portland 6A TX Fort Worth 3B \nME Caribou 7 TX Amarillo 4B \nMD Baltimore 4A UT Saint George 3B \nMD Mtn. Lake Park 5A UT Salt Lake City 5B \nMA Boston 5 UT Logan 6B \nMI Lansing 5A VT Burlington 6A \nMI Alpena 6A VA Richmond 4A \nMI Sault Ste. Marie 7 WV Charleston 4A \nMN St. Paul 6A WV Elkins 5A \nMN Duluth 7 WI Madison 6A \nMS Biloxi 2A WI Superior 7 \nMS Jackson 3A WY Torrington 5B \nMO Saint Louis 4A WY Cheyenne 6B \nMO St. Joseph 5A WY Rock Springs 7B \nMT Helena 6B \n PNNL-18544 • September 2009\nPrinted with a renewable-source ink on paper containing at least 50% \nwastepaper, including 10% post-consumer waste.EERE Information Center\n1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463)\nwww.eere.energy.gov/informationcenterBUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM\nThe U.S. Department of Energy’s Building Energy Codes \nProgram is an information resource on national model \nenergy codes. We work with other government agencies, state and local jurisdictions, national code organizations, and industry to promote stronger building energy codes and help states adopt, implement, and enforce those codes.\nBECP Website:\nwww.energycodes.gov\nBECP Technical Support:\ntechsupport@becp.pnl.govwww.energycodes.gov/support/helpdesk.php\n BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM\nImpacts of Standard 90.1-2007 \non Commercial Buildings in Oklahoma\nSeptember 2009\nPrepared by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory \nfor the U.S. Department of Energy Building Energy Codes Program BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN OKLAHOMA \n \n BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN OKLAHOMA \n \n Oklahoma \nSummary \nOklahoma has no statewide commercial code, therefore fo r this state comparison, DOE has selected Standard \n90.1-1999 as the baseline standard for the analysis. Standard 90.1-2007 w ould substantially improve energy \nefficiency in commercial buildings in Oklahoma. The analysis of the imp act of Standard 90.1-2007 resulted in \nenergy and cost savings. \nMain Differences Between the Current State Code and Standard 90.1-2007 \nStandard 90.1-1999 precedes Standard 90.1-2004 and is th erefore older (and less stringent) than DOE’s \ncurrently mandated commercial building energy standard, Standard 90.1-2004. This selection was made in the \nbelief that Standard 90.1-1999 is an appropriate represen tation of commercial current practice, as it was \ndeveloped more than ten years ago. DOE’s analysis of Standard 90.1-1999 is include d in DOE’s determination \nof energy savings for Standard 90.1-2004, which co mpared Standard 90.1-2004 to Standard 90.1-2001 and \nStandard 90.1-1999. The complete results of this analysis may be found at \nhttp://www.energycodes.gov/impl ement/determinations_90.1-2004.stm . In comparing Standard 90.1-1999 to \nStandard 90.1-2007, Standard 90.1-2007: \n Has fewer climate “zones” or “bins” (26 bins versus 8 climate zones). \n Has more stringent building envelope requirements (due in large part to having fewer climate zones). \n Has more strict requirements for vestibules in cold climates. \n Differentiates windows by fixed versus operable ra ther than by frame material and usage. \n Includes a requirement for demand controlled ventilation in high occupancy spaces. \n Removes a deadband exception for data processing centers that eliminates the possibility of \nsimultaneous heating and cooling. \n Increases stringency in fan power limitations. \n Increases boiler efficiency requirements. \n Applies part-load fan power require ments to more smaller systems. \n Revises the additional lighting power allowance for re tail displays to lower the allowance for some \ncategories of merchandise. \n Has more detailed outdoor lighting power requirements. \nA comparison of the thermal envelope requirements is provided in Table 1. \n1 BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN OKLAHOMA \n \n \nTable 1. Comparison of Envelope Requi rements (U-factors in Btu/hr.ft2.°F) \n \n Climate Zone 3A Climate Zone 4A \n90.1-1999 90.1-2007 90.1-1999 90.1-2007 \nNonresidential \nExterior Wall \nRoof \nSlab \nWindow* \n0.124 \n0.063 \nNR \n0.57 (0.25) \n0.084 0.048 \nNR \n0.62 (0.25) \n0.124 0.063 \nNR \n0.57 (0.39) \n0.064 0.048 \nNR \n0.52 (0.40) \nResidential \nExterior Wall \nRoof \nSlab \nWindow* \n0.064 \n0.063 \nNR \n0.57 (0.39) \n0.064 0.048 \nNR. \n0.62 (0.25) \n0.064 0.063 \nNR \n0.57 (0.39) \n0.064 0.048 \nR-10/2ft. \n0.52 (0.40) \nSemiheated \nExterior Wall \nRoof \nSlab \n0.184 0.097 \nNR \n0.184 0.097 \nNR \n0.134 0.097 \nNR \n0.134 0.097 \nNR \n*Window SHGC shown in parentheses next to the U-factor \nEnergy Analysis \nAn energy analysis was conducted co mparing each state’s base code to Standard 90.1-2007. The EnergyPlus \nsoftware was used to determine the energy impacts. Summary savings results are shown below by building \ntype. Results are shown for the electricity and natura l gas energy use intensity (i n kWh/sf-year and kBtu/sf-\nyear, respectively) for both the base code and Standard 90.1-2007. Result s are also shown for the percent \nreduction of overall site energy usage and energy cost from the base case to Standard 90.1-2007. The energy \ncost savings are estimated using national average energy costs of $0.0939 per kWh for electricity and $1.2201 \nper therm for natural gas. Presentation of the individual results for electricity and natural gas usage allows interested parties to calculate source energy or energy cost savings based on state (rather than national average) \nfuel prices. Total annual energy usage for the three building prototypes may be calculated by multiplying the \nenergy use intensity numbers by the square footage of the prototype building. \n \n2 BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN OKLAHOMA \n \n \nOklahoma Energy End Use and Percentage Savings \n Energy Use Intensity Savings \n 90.1-2007 vs. \n90.1-1999 \n 90.1-1999 90.1-2007 \nBuilding \nPrototype Location Electricity \n(kWh/sf/yr)Natural \nGas \n(kBtu/sf/yr)Electricity \n(kWh/sf/yr)Natural \nGas \n(kBtu/sf/yr) Energy Cost \n \nNonresidential Oklahoma \nCity 13.49 4.11 12.21 3.85 9.2% 9.3% \nResidential Oklahoma \nCity 9.30 9.42 9.12 9.41 1.5% 1.7% \nSemiheated Oklahoma \nCity 4.42 10.79 4.42 10.66 0.5% 0.3% \nNonresidential Guymon 13.39 4.71 11.87 4.43 10.8% 11.1% \nResidential Guymon 9.27 11.50 9.19 10.20 3.6% 2.2% \nSemiheated Guymon 4.40 14.56 4.40 14.41 0.5% 0.3% \n \n3 PNNL-18544 • September 2009\nPrinted with a renewable-source ink on paper containing at least 50% \nwastepaper, including 10% post-consumer waste.EERE Information Center\n1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463)www.eere.energy.gov/informationcenterBUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM\nThe U.S. Department of Energy’s Building Energy Codes \nProgram is an information resource on national model \nenergy codes. We work with other government agencies, state and local jurisdictions, national code organizations, and industry to promote stronger building energy codes and help states adopt, implement, and enforce those codes.\nBECP Website:\nwww.energycodes.gov\nBECP Technical Support:\ntechsupport@becp.pnl.govwww.energycodes.gov/support/helpdesk.php\n BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n \n \n \nImpacts of Standard 90.1-2007 for \nCommercial Buildings at State Level \n \n \nSeptember 30, 2009 \n \n BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n3 Appendix A – Prototype Building Descriptions \n \nTable A-1: Nonresidential Prototype Building Characteristics \n \nCharacteristic Prototype Building Model Description \nGENERAL \n Building Type Medium Office \n Gross Floor Area 53,600 ft² \n Building Shape Rectangle \n Aspect Ratio 1.5 (164 ft x 109 ft) \n Number of Floors 3 \n Window-to-Wall Ratio 33% (modeled as strip windows of 5 ft. high) \n Floor Height 13 ft \n Floor-to-Ceiling Height 9 ft \n Exterior Wall Steel-framed wall \n Roof Insulation entirely above deck, metal deck roof \n Floor 8” Slab-on-grade \nINTERNAL LOADS \n Occupancy \n Number of People 5 persons / 1000 sf \n Lighting \n Power Density 1.0 w/sf \n Plug Load \n Average Power Density 0.75 w/sf \nHVAC \n Heating Type Gas furnace \n Cooling Type Packaged DX Unit \n Fan Control Variable air volume \n Distribution/Terminal Units VAV terminal box with electric reheating coil \n Cooling T-stat 75°F (80°F setback) \n Heating T-stat 70°F (60°F setback) \nSERVICE WATER HEATER \n Water Heater Type Electric storage water heater \n Tank Capacity, gallons 260 \n Supply Temperature, °F 120 \n BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n4 Table A-2: Residential Prototype Building Characteristics \n \nCharacteristic Prototype Building Model Description \nGENERAL \n Building Type Multifamily residential building \n Gross Floor Area 33,700 ft² \n Building Shape Rectangle \n Aspect Ratio 2.75 (152 ft x 56 ft) \n Number of Floors 4 \n Activity Area \n Each floor has 8 (25’x38’) apartments, except \n ground floor which has 7 apartments and one \n lobby/office \n Window-to-Wall Ratio 15% (4ft high view windows) \n Floor Height 10 ft \n Floor-to-Ceiling Height 10 ft (for the office area only) \n Exterior Wall Steel-framed wall \n Roof Insulation entirely above deck, metal deck roof \n Floor 8” Slab-on-grade \nINTERNAL LOADS \n Occupancy \n Number of People 78 persons tota l (average 2.5 persons per apartment\n unit) \n Lighting \n Average Power Density Apartment units: 0.36 w/sf \n Corridors: 0.5 w/sf \n Office area: 1.1 w/sf \n Plug Load \n Average Power Density 0.62 w/sf \nHVAC \n Heating Type Gas furnace \n Cooling Type Split system DX (one per apartment) \n Fan Control Constant volume \n Distribution/Terminal Units Single zone/direct air \n Cooling T-stat 75°F (no setback assumed) \n Heating T-stat 70°F (no setback assumed) \nSERVICE WATER HEATER \n Water Heater Type Individual residential electric storage water heater \n Tank Capacity, gallons 20 (per apartment unit) \n Supply Temperature, °F 120 \n BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n5 Table A-3: Semiheated Prototype Building Characteristics \n \nCharacteristic Prototype Building Model Description \nGENERAL \n Building Type Non-refrigerated warehouse \n Gross Floor Area 49,500 ft² \n Building Shape Wide rectangle \n Aspect Ratio 2.2 (330 ft x 150 ft) \n Number of Floors 1 \n Activity Area \n (percentage of gross floor \narea) Bulk storage area: 34,500 ft² (70%) \n Fine storage area: 12,450 ft² (25%) \n Office area: 2,550 ft² (5%) \n Window-to-Wall Ratio Storage area: No windows \n Office area: 12% view windows \n Floor Height 28 ft \n Floor-to-Ceiling Height 14 ft (for the office area only) \n Exterior Wall Metal building wall \n Roof Metal building roof \n Floor 6” Slab-on-grade \n Door 7 opaque doors (3’x7’), 7 roll-up dock doors \n (8’x10’) \nINTERNAL LOADS \n Occupancy \n Number of People 5 (in the office area) \n Lighting \n Average Power Density Bulk storage area: 0.8 w/sf \n Fine storage area: 0.8 w/sf \n Office area: 1.0 w/sf \n Plug Load \n Average Power Density Office: 0.75 w/sf \n Bulk storage: 0.24 w/sf \nHVAC \n Heating Type Bulk storage area: Unit heater \n Fine storage area: Gas furnace \n Office area: Gas furnace \n Cooling Type Bulk storage area: No cooling \n Fine storage area: Direct expansion \n Office area: Direct expansion \n Fan Control Constant volume \n Distribution/Terminal Units Single zone/Direct air BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM I MPACTS OF STANDARD 90.1-2007 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT STATE LEVEL \n \n6 Characteristic Prototype Building Model Description \n Cooling T-stat Fine storage area: 80°F \n Office area: 75°F (85°F setback) \n Heating T-stat Bulk storage area: 50°F \n Fine storage area: 60°F \n Office area: 70°F (60°F setback) \nSERVICE WATER HEATER \n Water Heater Type Electric storage water heater \n Tank Capacity, gallons 20 \n Supply Temperature, °F 120 \n \n "
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"text": " \n1 \n Remarks by NASA Deputy Administrator \nLori B. Garver \nAmerican Bar Association Forum on Air and Space Law \n2010 Update Conference \nWashington, D.C. January 27, 2010 \n \n \n \nGood afternoon and thank y ou for that introduction, Patti. Patti has been \na very positive force f or our nation’s space effort. \nI am pleased that I am speaking with you, members of the American Bar \nAssociation, because it is NA SA’s legal framework, the National \nAeronautics and Space Act of 1958, that created NASA, and it is this Act \nthat enables us to accomplish all the wonderful things we have done over \nthe past 51 years and that will allow us to achieve even more this year and \nin the years to come. \n2 \n NASA achievements have rewritt en science textbooks, inspired a \ngeneration, and helped establish Ameri ca as the world’s leader in \nadvanced technology and scientific achievement. Our astronauts have left \ntheir footprints on the Moon, and o ur scientists have unraveled the \nmysteries of Earth’s climate and ocea ns, discovered evidence of water on \nthe Moon and Mars, and looked back t hrough time at the universe’s most \ndistant objects. \nAll of these headlines are well know n. But there is a NASA less talked \nabout. NASA has made every commercial airplane flight safer for the flying \npublic. It is an agency that moves th e technologies it creates for space \ntravel out into new entrepreneurial bus inesses. It is an agency whose \ncreations not only explore the stars bu t have become indispensible to every \nmedical clinic, fire station, and hospital in the nation. \nWhether it be in the sky or beyond i t, none of these achievements would \nbe possible without the legal structure that gave bi rth to NASA more than a \nhalf century ago. It was at the hei ght of the Cold War when the Soviet \nUnion launched the first Earth orbiting sa tellite. America’s initial response, \nthe attempted launch of the Vanguard , ended in an embarrassing failure. \nPresident Eisenhower decided that a new civilian agency should be \n3 \n established to direct all of the nation’ s civil space activities. In the U.S. \nSenate, Majority Leader Lyndon Johns on, a strong advocate for a strong \nspace effort, began drafting legislation that would fold the existing National \nAdvisory Committee on Aeronautics and it s test facilities into this new \nagency. Johnson turned to a key staffer to draft t he bill and be a liaison \nwith all of the interested parties in the government, including the military. \nKnown fondly to us as “The Grand Da me of Space Policy,” Dr. Eile ne \nGalloway worked with other Senate staffers including Dr. Glen Wil son to \ncraft hearings and write what woul d become the National Aeronautics and \nSpace Act, which would give birth to NASA on October 1, 1958. We often \nthink about her as begin drafting this Ad ministration’s space policies. In \nMarch 2009, Dr. Galloway stated, “NASA faces important policy questions \nin mapping our future in space. How will the public and Congress be \ninformed so that they can de cide whether to su pport a long-term \ncommitment to a Moon-Mars explorat ion program? What will NASA’s \nguidelines be for working with othe r nations on mission to the Moon and \nMars? Will NASA seek international partners for both human and robotic missions? What policy will be follow ed if and when exploration leads to \ncommercial uses? What sort of re gulatory framework will be needed for \nsuch activities?” Galloway’s work wa s truly ground breaking, for while the \n4 \n exploration of space had the nation’s attention largely due to movies and \nscience fiction stories, the actual s pace flights had barely just begun. “The \nonly thing I knew about Outer Space at that time,” she joked, “was that the \ncow had jumped over the Moon!” Dr. Gallo way’s legacy is literally out of \nthis world. \nA founding member of the Internationa l Institute of Space Law, many \nmembers of which are here today, sh e remained active right up to her \npassing last year at the incredible age of 102. All of us in the space \nbusiness owe Eile ne Galloway a debt of gratitude for blazing the trail that \nwe all have foll owed. \nThe Space Act gave NASA its cha rge – to conduct exploration and \nresearch into space and aeronautics, and to disseminate as widely as \npossible the information these missi ons obtained. NASA is working \ndiligently to carry out this mandate. For instance, we have recently revised \nand improved our FOIA request and response process. \nAn important objective stated in th e Space Act is, “Cooperation by the \nUnited States with other nations an d groups of nations in work done \npursuant to this Act and in the peaceful application of the results thereof.” \nAgain in March 2009, Dr. Galloway wrot e, “The guiding principles that \n5 \n nations adopted at the beginning of the Space Age hav e brought 50 years \nof maintaining space for worldwide beneficial uses. At this time, when \npolicies an dprograms are being examined, it is useful to consider why and \nhow this ongoing success in avoiding space wars was achieved.” The \nInternational Space Station is a great example of this objective. The \nInternational Space Stati on has brought together an international coalition \nof 15 nations, made possible by a legal framework that sets forth each partner’s responsibilities to provide logistics serv ices, equipment, research \ncapabilities, and astronauts. As t he partnership grows and expands in the \nfuture, that legal framew ork will evolve to meet the challenge of station \nutilization. Since the first element wa s launched in 1998, the ISS has been \nthe tool by which NASA has learned to work cooperatively, treating our partners as equals in this long term s pace experiment. And of course, we \nhave literally hundreds of other international agreements. \nThe Space Act also includes the mandate to “seek and encourage, to \nthe maximum extent possible, the fullest commercial use of space.”\n And \nNASA is complying with that mandate. As completion of the station \napproaches, NASA is pursuing new partnerships that may truly open the \ndoors of space to the commercial and entrepreneurial community, the \nCommercial Resupply Services program, focused on bringing cargo to the \n6 \n station by private companies. We are transitioning our activities in low \nEarth orbit. To help train our astronaut s and for research purposes, we buy \nflights aboard microgravity aircraft. And, we are studying the possibility of \nflying American astronauts aboard future generations of privately owned \nand operated orbital spacecraft. And we watch with interest other \ncommercial ventures such as Richard Branson’s SpaceShip 2 which as unveiled a few weeks ago. \nIt may be that the International Spac e Station, born in the hottest days of \nthe Cold War, becomes a destination for a whole new era of private spaceflight, much as the Air Mail hel ped give rise to the commercial \naviation industry. \nAnother objective of the Space Act is, “the improvement of the \nusefulness, performance, speed, safety, and efficiency of aeronautical and \nspace vehicles.” In aeronautics, NASA research is dedicated to improving \nflight safety for both the public an d the commercial aviation industry so \ncrucial to the public and this audience. Some 25 percent of all company \nsales in the U.S. depend on air transportation. The av iation sector is home \nto more than 655,000 jo bs, so a healthy and safe av iation sector is vital to \nthe nation’s economy. NASA’s aviation safety program performs cutting- \n7 \n edge research aimed at innovative concepts and new technologies. This \nwork will make today’s aircraft fly safer, and make the next generation of \naircraft safer still. Our unique partner ship with academia and industry has \nbecome a model for the world to fo llow, and perhaps can be a model for \nour relationship with aerospace, a nd inspires the next generation of \naeronautical engineers. \nNASA is also turning to the future of green aviation. Our research into \nenvironmentally compatible aircraft engine emissions, biofuels, noise \nreduction and improved ground logistics are among the most important \npriorities of NASA and the Obama Admi nistration. OMEGA is just one \nproject that NASA is pursuing. In this project we are turning algae into \nbiofuel. We are also working on the nex t generation of air traffic control \nsystem. When operational, this new system will establish new ways to meet the exploding demand for air transportat ion services, reduction in flight \ndelays, and a reduction in emissions from future generations of jet engines. \nWith more than half of all U.S. aviati on facilities 52 years old or older, we \nare working on a new aviation infrastructure for the 21\nst Century that will \nimprove air safety while making the flyi ng experience better for us all. \n8 \n And so, what will 2010 bring? Tonight, the President will give his State \nof the Union address. Within days, he will release his budget for 2011 \nwhich will include NASA’s budget and guidance and his di rection for NASA \n– A NASA truly worthy of the 21st Century. \nWhatever direction that takes, you can be assured we will be challenged \nto find new and innovative ways to carry out the 1958 Space Act and to \ncommunicate about our missions and how our agency give s value to the \nAmerican public. Thus education and public participation are increasingly important steps that will be part of ev erything we do and every mission we \nfly. \nThe year ahead promises more of the same from NASA…exciting \ndiscoveries, new opportunities with new partners from the commercial \nsector and international community, a nd many other achievements that we \ncan’t even imagine today but using the framework set out by people like \nyou 50 years ago. I invite you all to help be a part of this evolving story of \nscience and exploration. \nLet’s continue the journey. Luckily for me, since I am in a room of \nlawyers, I called Linda Billings to make sure I got the following quote from \nEilene Galloway right. Eilene Galloway said, “Be fearless and be correct!” \n9 \n \nThank you. "
} |
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"pdf_file": "QFKWGGEL2BZWQG2DBONY52VPSGBVQBAK.pdf",
"text": "Involuntary Category:\nStatus: ActiveAlert Information\nCase Number: M 103973526\nDate Issued: 01/01/1900\nComments: On Friday, March 6, 1998, Michael Gordon was last seen at his residence in \nMcKenzie, Alabama. He was last seen wearing black jeans, dark blue sweat shirt \nwith a hood and work boots. ANYONE HAVING ANY INFORMATION SHOULD \nCONTACT THE ALABAMA BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION CENTER FOR MISSING AND \nEXPLOITED CHILDREN.\nPerson Information\nMissing Status:Gordon , Michael S Name:\nMale Gender:\nWhite Race:\nBlue Eye Color:\nRed or Auburn Hair Color:5' 8\" Height:\n180 lbs. Weight:\n38 Year(s) Current Age:\n0 Age Last Seen:Alabama Location Last Seen:\nM 103973526 NCIC Number:\nComments: On Friday, March 6, 1998, Michael Gordon was last seen at his residence in \nMcKenzie, Alabama. He was last seen wearing black jeans, dark blue sweat shirt \nwith a hood and work boots. ANYONE HAVING ANY INFORMATION SHOULD \nCONTACT THE ALABAMA BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION CENTER FOR MISSING AND \nEXPLOITED CHILDREN.\nPicture(s)\nThe Alabama Public Safety\nCommunity Information Center\nMissing Adult\nhttp://community.dps.alabama.gov/\nCenter for Missing and Exploited ChildrenIf you have information regarding this alert contact ABI or\nthe agency listed below:Alabama Bureau of Investigation\n1-800-228-7688Investigator Kenny Hardin\n(334) 382-6521Butler County Sheriffs Department\nCriminal Analyst Faye Hester\n(800) 228-7688"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "MPKQ6XRS277ZF7HM3DLVBQZUYBG35GWC.pdf",
"text": "FORM APPROVAL 0416-GSA-SAPAGE OF PAGES\nAUTHORIZED FOR LOCAL REPRODUCTIONTRAVELER \n(Name/Title)EVENT\nDESCRIPTION/SPONSOR/DATESLOCATION AND \nTRAVEL DATESBENEFITS ACCEPTED\nSOURCE DESCRIPTION CHECK IN-KIND AMOUNT\nSTANDARD FORM 326A (2-98) \nPrescribed by GSA/OGE (41 CFR 304-1)SEMIANNUAL REPORT OF PAYMENTS ACCEPTED \nFROM A NON-FEDERAL SOURCE-CONTINUATIONREPORTING DEPARTMENT OR AGENCY\nNAME\nTITLE\nNAME\nTITLE\nNAME\nTITLENAMETITLENAMETITLEDESCRIPTION\nDESCRIPTION\nDESCRIPTION\nDESCRIPTION\nDESCRIPTIONSPONSOR\nSPONSOR\nSPONSOR\nSPONSOR\nSPONSORDATES:\nDATES:\nDATES:\nDATES:\nDATES:LOCATION\nDATES\nLOCATION\nLOCATION\nLOCATION\nLOCATIONDATES\nDATES\nDATES\nDATES TRAVELER \n(Name/Title)EVENT\nDESCRIPTION/SPONSOR/DATESLOCATION AND \nTRAVEL DATESBENEFITS ACCEPTED\nSOURCE DESCRIPTION CHECK IN-KIND AMOUNT\nSTANDARD FORM 326A (2-98) BACK NAME\nTITLE\nNAME\nTITLE\nNAME\nTITLENAMETITLENAMETITLEDESCRIPTION\nDESCRIPTION\nDESCRIPTION\nDESCRIPTION\nDESCRIPTIONSPONSOR\nSPONSOR\nSPONSOR\nSPONSOR\nSPONSORDATES:\nDATES:\nDATES:\nDATES:\nDATES:LOCATION\nDATES\nLOCATION\nLOCATION\nLOCATION\nLOCATIONDATES\nDATES\nDATES\nDATES"
} |
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