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tasksource
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logical-fallacy

config stringclasses 2 values	source_article stringlengths 13 1.08k	logical_fallacies stringclasses 13 values
edu	company's slogan "Expect More. Pay Less."	appeal to emotion
edu	The bigger a child's shoe size, the better the child's handwriting	false causality
edu	Since many people believe this, then it must be true	ad populum
edu	Senator Randall isn't lying when she says she cares about her constituents—she wouldn't lie to people she cares about.	circular reasoning
edu	A mother is telling her daughter that she went over her data for the month, and the daughter begins telling her mother about getting an A on a math test.	fallacy of relevance
edu	A mother tells her children not to leave the yard because there might be wild animals in the woods.	appeal to emotion
edu	If we ban Hummers because they are bad for the environment, eventually the government will ban all cars, so we should not ban Hummers.	faulty generalization
edu	very time Joe goes swimming he is wearing his Speedos. Something about wearing that Speedo must make him want to go swimming.	false causality
edu	"You were late tonight. You must be cheating!"	faulty generalization
edu	Every time I go to sleep, the sun goes down. Therefore, my sleeping causes the sun to set.	false causality
edu	Makes people feel as though everyone is doing it, so they should too.	ad populum
edu	You oppose a senator's proposal to extend government-funded health care to poor minority children because that senator is a liberal Democrat.	ad hominem
edu	Child: This fish tastes funny. I don’t want to eat this. Parent: There are children starving in Africa. Eat your dinner.	fallacy of relevance
edu	John: I think we should hire someone to redesign our website. Lola: You're saying we should throw our money away on external resources instead of building up our in-house design team? That's going to hurt our company in the long run.	fallacy of extension
edu	"Beware of appeals made only to your feelings and not to your logic."	appeal to emotion
edu	taps into people's desire to belong to a group. "Everyone else is doing it!"	ad populum
edu	Science shows us that improved quality of life comes through research and invention.	equivocation
edu	Prof. Jones: "The university just cut our yearly budget by $10,000." Prof. Smith: "What are we going to do?" Prof. Brown: "I think we should eliminate one of the teaching assistant positions. That would take care of it." Prof. Jones: "We could reduce our scheduled raises instead." Prof. Brown: " I can't understand why you want to bleed us dry like that, Jones."	fallacy of extension
edu	uses irrelevant information or other techniques to distract from the argument at hand	fallacy of relevance
edu	If Joe eats greasy food, he will feel sick. Joe feels sick. Therefore, Joe ate greasy food.	fallacy of logic
edu	The student didn't want to participate in the beach cleanup. Later, the student's advisor says "I can't believe she doesn't believe in climate change".	fallacy of extension
edu	This herbal supplement is made from a plant that grows in Zambia. It must be healthier than taking that medication, which is full of chemicals I can't pronounce.	fallacy of credibility
edu	I know the Professor said that the Bridges of Madison County was smarmy trash and lacked any artistic worth. But I still think he's wrong. After all, it was on the best-seller list for over 100 weeks. Identify the logical fallacy commited in this argument.	ad populum
edu	Those who believe in behavior modification obviously want to try to control everyone by subjecting them to rewards and punishments.	fallacy of extension
edu	If taxes are lowered, I will have more money to spend. I have more money to spend. Therefore, taxes must have been lowered.	fallacy of logic
edu	If there is no freewill, then we are not ultimately in control of our actions. If this is true, our entire system of justice would be seriously flawed. This would be very bad; therefore, freewill must exist.	appeal to emotion
edu	Students never used to have cell phones so they don't need them now.	fallacy of credibility
edu	All football players are dumb jocks.	faulty generalization
edu	"My cousin said her Math class was hard. The one that I’m in is hard too. All Math classes must be hard." This statement is an example of…	faulty generalization
edu	"In his class president election video, he called his student opponent 'a brown-nosing, suck up who only wanted to get on the teacher's good side,' which got him disqualified" IS an example of THIS fallacy.	ad hominem
edu	Jack: I have tiny, invisible unicorns living in my anus. Nick: How do you figure? Jack: Can you prove that I don't? Nick: No. Jack: Then I do.	intentional
edu	Dismissing someone's viewpoint on an issue because he himself is inconsistent in that very thing.	ad hominem
edu	Using the second amendment as justification to allow civilians to own nuclear submarines.	faulty generalization
edu	Your brain is made of molecules. Molecules are not the source of consciousness. Therefore, your brain cannot be the source of consciousness.	faulty generalization
edu	The “prophet” Nostradamus wrote about 500 years ago: Beasts wild with hunger will cross the rivers, The greater part of the battle will be against Hister. He will cause great men to be dragged in a cage of iron, When the son of Germany obeys no law. Surely he must have had some vision of Hitler!	intentional
edu	You’re a vegetarian? You do realize that Hitler was a vegetarian, too?	ad hominem
edu	An opinion article in a campus newspaper states that in an all-campus survey 95% of students think that tuition should be lowered and therefore tuition should be lowered immediately.	ad populum
edu	"I am a great leader because I make great leadership decisions. The proof that I make great leadership decisions is that I am a great leader, and that's what leaders do." What is this?	circular reasoning
edu	Mayor Blake wants to create more bicycle lanes in Lowell. Why is he forcing us to give up our cars and bike everywhere?	fallacy of extension
edu	You should give me a promotion. I have a lot of debt and am behind on my rent.	appeal to emotion
edu	All women care about are their looks.	faulty generalization
edu	Either support gun confiscation or have the government provide everyone with his own private nuclear warhead, you decide which one.	false dilemma
edu	Either we go to war, or we appear weak	false dilemma
edu	, tax relief instead of tax cut, or death tax instead of estate tax)	appeal to emotion
edu	If we teach anton how to drive the car, he’ll want to learn how to fly helicopters next!	faulty generalization
edu	Students should not be allowed to park in lots now reserved for faculty because those lots should be for faculty only.	circular reasoning
edu	Not tipping your waiter is like stealing money right out of someone's wallet.	fallacy of logic
edu	You have to give me a passing grade. I spent 150 hours on that project and missed every party this quarter.	appeal to emotion
edu	A study was done recently showing that church attendance was positively correlated with marriage longevity, that is, those couples who attended church together more often were more likely to stay married. This really should not be a surprise considering the general view of divorce within religion. What this does not mean is that any given couple who does not attend church is more likely to get divorced than any given couple that does attend church.	faulty generalization
edu	Circular reasoning occurs when someone makes an argument in which both the premises and the conclusion have to rely on the truthfulness of the other.	circular reasoning
edu	AttP 1: Jenny & Bert's Economy Conversation	ad populum
edu	Allowing gay marriage puts us on the way to polygamy and bestiality	faulty generalization
edu	Debate moderator: "What will you do to fix the economic crisis?" Candidate: "It's important to focus on what started this crisis to begin with. My opponent..."	fallacy of relevance
edu	"I used to have that haircut. Then my mom got a job."	ad hominem
edu	My opponent suggests that lowering taxes will be a good idea -- this is coming from a woman who eats a pint of Ben and Jerry’s each night! Mi oponente sugiere que bajar los impuestos será una buena idea, ¡esto viene de una mujer que se come una pinta de Ben y Jerry cada noche!	ad hominem
edu	All useless laws, such as Reform Bill 13, should be repealed.	circular reasoning
edu	FlatSam: Common sense tells us that if the earth were a sphere, people on the bottom would fall off. ReasonEric: I don’t think you get to reference something you clearly don’t have.	intentional
edu	I work out in the morning because it worked for my friend.	faulty generalization
edu	The flu vaccine comes out every year just before the holidays, then people go and spend a lot of money. Therefore, businesses are secretly using the flu vaccine as a mind control device to increase holiday spending.	false causality
edu	I am committed to preserving traditional marriage, the union of one man and one woman.	fallacy of credibility
edu	John: We should oppose any attempt to register firearms. Such regulation is the first step to confiscation of all weapons and the elimination of our constitutional right to bear arms. Ted: This is preposterous. Many things in society are registered, such as cars, babies, boats, and lanes, yet these items have never been confiscated.	faulty generalization
edu	John says that Kentucky will beat Florida, but John sometimes lies, so I'm not sure.	ad hominem
edu	A fallacy of relevance where someone rejects or criticizes another person’s view on the basis of personal characteristics, background, physical appearance, or other features irrelevant to the	ad hominem
edu	Nature gives people diseases and sickness; therefore, it is morally wrong to interfere with nature and treat sick people with medicine.	fallacy of credibility
edu	Having a television rating system is like being in prison. Both infringe on one's rights.	faulty generalization
edu	“There aren’t any good restaurants in Sydney; I tried two and they were both horrible.”	faulty generalization
edu	I hear the rain falling outside my window; therefore, the sun is not shining.	fallacy of logic
edu	"I stay away from those gatherings because I don't want to be brainwashed."	circular reasoning
edu	If Mom didn't turn off the air conditioner, then clearly she must be too hot.	false dilemma
edu	Mike: It is morally wrong to cheat on your spouse, why on earth would you have done that? Ken: But what is morality exactly? Mike: It’s a code of conduct shared by cultures. Ken: But who creates this code?...	fallacy of relevance
edu	Charlie: Illegal posting and sharing of songs online is crippling the music industry. Bob: You couldn’t be more wrong; the music industry is doing just fine. I can’t believe you think the government should be allowed to regulate what I share with my “friends.” No one wants a world where I can’t loan a book to my girlfriend, let my roommate borrow my iPod, or share a funny meme with my blog followers.	fallacy of extension
edu	"We've got to stop them from banning poetry. Once they start banning one form of literature, they will never stop. Next thing you know, they will be burning all the books!" Ammar demanded.	faulty generalization
edu	Mayor: During my previous term as mayor my staff and I spent a great deal of time focusing on our city’s economy, and unemployment reached an all-time high as a result. So clearly you should support my re-election campaign if you are among those still looking for a job.	fallacy of logic
edu	Sometimes kids ride skateboards and fall off, breaking their arms or legs. Clearly, riding a skateboard is extremely dangerous. Don’t you think skateboards should be banned?	appeal to emotion
edu	Fortnite is the best game ever. Everyone is playing it!	ad populum
edu	Several years ago, a group of 10 psychologists started a psychology training program. Each of those psychologists is efficient, effective, and highly-regarded. Their training program must be efficient, effective, and highly-regarded.	faulty generalization
edu	Don't listen to her advice about math. She doesn't even know how to tie her own shoes!	ad hominem
edu	George Bush is a good communicator because he speaks effectively.	circular reasoning
edu	The Supreme Court has just flinched from its responsibility to stop the unjust jailing of two journalists―not charged with any wrongdoing―by a runaway prosecutor who will go to any lengths to use the government's contempt power to force them to betray their confidential sources.	appeal to emotion
edu	You can either support our police or Black Lives Matter.	false dilemma
edu	An abusive attack against someone making the argument, instead of the argument itself, is called a/an	ad hominem
edu	Jon: Why should I bother exercising while my spouse is on vacation stuffing her face with food.	appeal to emotion
edu	Speaker 1: I think the idea of a moral law requires the existence of a lawgiver (i.e. God). Speaker 2: Of course you would say that. You’re a Christian. Why should we listen to you?	ad hominem
edu	The latest craze or fad; everyone has to have it.	ad populum
edu	Ms. Baker assigned me a lot of homework because she’s a witch!	ad hominem
edu	"I don't know how to complete my geometry homework tonight; I probably can't pass the course since I can't do this one assignment."	faulty generalization
edu	TOPIC: Should people let their cats go outside? DEBATE: "People should let their cats go outside. Going outside gives cats more exercise." "Speaking of exercise, have you ever played 'Just Dance'? What a great workout!"	fallacy of relevance
edu	Three congressional representatives have had affairs. Members of Congress are adulterers.	faulty generalization
edu	"Because everybody thinks this way, it must be right."	ad populum
edu	That answer you just gave cannot be right because you are always so rude.	ad hominem
edu	I am voting for Smith for President because the rest of my family is voting for him.	ad populum
edu	Jimmy Swaggart argued strongly against sexual immorality, yet while married, he has had several affairs with prostitutes; therefore, sexual immorality is acceptable.	ad hominem
edu	If you break your diet and have one cookie tonight, you will just want to eat 10 cookies tomorrow, and before you know it, you will have gained back the 15 pounds you lost. This is an example of which logical fallacy?	faulty generalization
edu	Power lines cause cancer. I met a little boy with cancer who lived just 20 miles from a power line who looked into my eyes and said, in his weak voice, “Please do whatever you can so that other kids won’t have to go through what I am going through.” I urge you to vote for this bill to tear down all power lines and replace them with monkeys on treadmills.	appeal to emotion
edu	Don't ever gamble! Once you start, you won't be able to stop, and you'll end up bankrupt.	faulty generalization
edu	Circular reasoning occurs when someone makes an argument in which both the premises and the conclusion have to rely on the truthfulness of the other.	circular reasoning
edu	The writer or speaker intentionally misleads the audience by using a word with a double or ambiguous meaning.	equivocation
edu	I lost my phone in the living room, so it will always be in the living room when it is lost.	circular reasoning
edu	Everyone loves Post Malone and can name at least one of his songs! (This is an example of...)	faulty generalization
edu	I can't understand why people are complaining that it's difficult to find a job in this job market. My daughter and I got jobs without any trouble.	faulty generalization

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https://github.com/causalNLP/logical-fallacy

@article{jin2022logical,
  title={Logical fallacy detection},
  author={Jin, Zhijing and Lalwani, Abhinav and Vaidhya, Tejas and Shen, Xiaoyu and Ding, Yiwen and Lyu, Zhiheng and Sachan, Mrinmaya and Mihalcea, Rada and Sch{\"o}lkopf, Bernhard},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2202.13758},
  year={2022}
}

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