Datasets:

teven

/

oscar_no_brackets

like 0

The products includes five series: crusher, sand making machine, powder grinding mill, mineral processing equipment and building materials equipment. Know more information Home crushing jaw crushers south africa invest benefitfrom kyrgyzstan jaw crusher Processing capacity:242-2036t/h Feeding size:136-1161mm Appliable Materials: concrete,dolomite,bluestone,iron ore,limestone,construction rubbish,basalt,rock and all kinds of hard and soft ores with compressive strength not higher than 320 Mpa. Service philosophy Whether it is pre-sales, in-sales or after-sales links, we actively listen to query needs, constantly improve and upgrade our products based on query feedback, and sincerely providing querys with professional services. Professional Team Customer Consultation Tailor-made Solution Quick delivery, door-to-door guidance Assist in the construction plan Regular inspection Crushing Jaw Crushers South Africa Invest Benefitfrom Kyrgyzstan 48-hour idling test machine before leaving the factory. You can take the materials to the factory test machine. We will customize the solution according to your needs. Free Installation. Our fixed-model machines and consumables are available from stock to ensure querys get the machines they need in time. Business Plan For Crusher Stone In South Africa Business plan for crusher stone in south africa. south african dolarite rock quarrying and crusher business. south african dolarite rock quarrying and crusher businessfrom xsm, we provides magnetic separator(wet magnetic separator,magnetic roll separator),stone crusher (jaw ... Osborn Completes Export Order To Kyrgyzstan African Jul 06, 2020 m ining and quarrying equipment specialist osborn is extending its reach into the cis (commonwealth of independent states) region, with a successfully completed export order to kyrgyzstan. the equipment supplied by osborn has been installed at the country’s second-largest goldmine, the jerooy gold project. osborn was awarded this significant order by project management … Not Really Landscaping Boulders Mb Crusher Once the crusher bucket arrived at their job site and got to work, they saw the benefits immediately. currently, [the bf120.4] 's making, maybe, sixty yards an hour out of the 5-inch minus, miller told us. he even said that they've been able to use the crusher all week for most of the day and have turned rocks that they would have thrown away and into road base, saving them money. Maize Milling Plant For Sale In South Africa This factory design we do for the south africa client who ordered the 150t/24h maize milling machinery. whole factory land size is 60m*60m. include 1000t steel silo for maize storage, workshop building for the maize mill production, warehouse for the final products, weighbridge for truck, office building and so on. Crushing And Screening Rothery And Mellor The Institute Of Crushing jaw crusher miniature invest benefit. crushing crushing plants in africa invest benefit crushing crushing hubs mining invest benefit can make benefit for you with a low cost jaw crusher plant is good s cone crusherstone crushing model 110 90 invest model 110 90 invest benefit jaw crushing vibrating feeder 20 tph invest benefit crushing crusher plant 10mm and 20mm invest … New Kleemann Jaw Crushers Introduced At Conexpo Mar 26, 2014 two new kleemann mobile jaw crushers featuring exclusive evo technology were introduced to the north american market at conexpo-con/agg 2014. two new crushers – the mobicat mc 110 ri evo and mc 110 zi evo mobile jaw crushers – were among the 41 machines – most of them new i-series products – that wirtgen america displayed at its 39,600-sq. ft. exhibit. How To Work On The Construction Site With Mb Crusher Good site management helps with efficiency and productivity. like our client did. in luxembourg, on the construction site for the new building for the european union, a bf120.4 crusher bucket and an mb-s18 screening bucket, installed on kobelco excavators, crushed and separated material directly on site, then took the material from the demolished jean monnet, to build the new jean monnet 2, a ... Latest Technology Kimberlite Crusher Mobile Crusherin Hot sale types of mobile crusher; mobile jaw crusher, usually equipped with vibrating feeder, for primary crushing. mobile impact crusher, mobile cone crusher, usually with vibrating screen, for secondary fine crushing. hot sale production capacity of mobile crusher; 30-50t/h, 60-80t/h, etc, usually for small production scale, with low costs. Jaw Crushergravel Crush Machine For Sale Jaw crushers for sale ebay. make offer 220v 15kw gravelstone 100x60 mini jaw crusher for rock crushingcrusherbest purchasing jaw crusher machines on ebay a guide whether youre just getting into the business of mining or are looking for an upgrade a jaw crusher is an industry musthave. online chat gravel crushers for sale Impact Crusher For Sale In Tanzania Used crusher for sale in tanzania. used crusher for sale in tanzania second hand stone crusher for sale in tanzania used stone crusher for sale in tanzania there are some stone crushers for your choiceeither classic jaw crusher or newest pfw impact crusherthere is always the get price and support online stone crusher for mining quarry etc factory price sale stone crusher is the. Retsch Laboratory Mills Crushers And Sieve Shakers Retsch laboratory mills, crushers and sieve shakers retsch is the leading solution provider for neutral-to-analysis sample preparation and characterization of solids. based on a century of experience retsch develops size reduction and sieving equipment which is characterized by excellent performance, operating convenience, safety and a long ... Rolling Crusher For Sale By Rolling Crusher Manufacturers Rolling crusher for sale by rolling crusher manufacturers & rolling crusher suppliers among top rolling crusher manufacturing companies that have rolling crusher for sale in china, turkey, india, germany at tradekey.com Roll Crusher Kjtgygt Kyrgyzstan Induzin Pioneer crusher aggregate equipment for sale 32 listings. feb 02, 2021 browse our inventory of new and used pioneer crusher aggregate equipment for sale near you at machinerytrader.com. models include 3042, 5424, 21x48, 18x30, 20x36, 22x48, 25v, 30x42, 35s, and 42x48. Diesel Electric Jaw Crusher Offers Compact Transport And Sep 25, 2017 at the matexpo in belgium keestrack presented the diesel electric b3e jaw crusher, a hybrid variant of its successful model deployed on building sites and recycling. all specific advantages of the track-mounted 30-tonne machine are preserved - budget-conscious operators can now benefit from lower maintenance costs and the opportunities for operating subsequently connected units cost … Business Plan For Crusher Stone In South Africa Business plan for crusher stone in south africa. south african dolarite rock quarrying and crusher business. south african dolarite rock quarrying and crusher businessfrom xsm, we provides magnetic separator(wet magnetic separator,magnetic roll separator),stone crusher (jaw ... Global Crusher Market Segment Outlook Market Reasons to get this report: in an insight outlook, this research report has dedicated to several quantities of analysis industry research (global industry trends) and crusher market share analysis of high players, along with company profiles, and which collectively include about the fundamental opinions regarding the market landscape; emerging and high-growth sections of crusher market; high ... C550 Rammer Jaw crusher blockages. jaw crushers are typically used in many medium duty primary crushing applications. blocakges and/or bridging can seriously effect the production of … Horton Supply Crusher Aggregate Equipment For Sale 11 Mar 24, 2021 south africa tanzania tunisia ... these machines come in three main types, jaw crusher, cone and gyratory crusher, and impact crusher. jaw crushers, occasionally referred to as “toggle crushers,” are the most common type of crusher. material is compressed between a moving piece of steel and a stationary piece. New Kleemann Jaw Crushers Introduced At Conexpo Mar 26, 2014 two new kleemann mobile jaw crushers featuring exclusive evo technology were introduced to the north american market at conexpo-con/agg 2014. two new crushers – the mobicat mc 110 ri evo and mc 110 zi evo mobile jaw crushers – were among the 41 machines – most of them new i-series products – that wirtgen america displayed at its 39,600-sq. ft. exhibit. Inpit Crushing And Conveying Solutions Flsmidth The deepest range of in-pit crushing and conveying (ipcc) options in the mining industry are now available to you through one provider. the assortment of market-leading excavators and ipcc solutions provide uniquely compact, flexible, and fully mobile/relocatable options, allowing you to improve throughput and productivity and lower capex, opex and other operating costs. Crushing And Screening Rothery And Mellor The Institute Of Crushing jaw crusher miniature invest benefit. crushing crushing plants in africa invest benefit crushing crushing hubs mining invest benefit can make benefit for you with a low cost jaw crusher plant is good s cone crusherstone crushing model 110 90 invest model 110 90 invest benefit jaw crushing vibrating feeder 20 tph invest benefit crushing crusher plant 10mm and 20mm invest … Mampr 4854 Hammermill Jaw Crushing Plant In Auburn Used m&r 4854 hammermill jaw crushing plant in auburn, alabama, united states for sale. missouri & rogers 4854 32 in. x 60 in. hammer mill, 400 hp drive motor Avoid Unplanned Downtime 5 Crusher Maintenance Best Feb 25, 2019 daily visual inspections on hsi crushers include monitoring key wear parts of the crusher, such as the rotor and liners, as well as benchmark items, such as coast down times and amperage draw. “the lack of daily inspections is going on a … Montenegro Granite Crushing And Screening Plant Crusher recycling plant ket in mexico. crushing plants for sale buy new or used crushing plant crushing plants 1392 offers search and find ads for new and used crushing plants for sale screening plant jaw crusher autoline usa belarus bolivia bosnia and herzegovina brazil chile colombia cte divoire egypt georgia ghana israel kazakstan kenya kyrgyzstan mexico moldova montenegro. Jaw Crusher Market Global Industry Trend Analysis 2012 To These jaw crushers are heavy duty machines. the primary use of jaw crusher is in mining and building materials. it is also used in waste management and recycling process. various leading manufacturers and growing number of end-use industries favor the demand for the global jaw crusher market. Stone Jaw Crusher Saudis For Sale Bihar Induzin Stone crusher for mineral processing in south africa: in mineral stone processing line in south africa, it will adopt gold ore crushers: gold ore jaw crusher and impact crusher. jaw crusher is used for the coarse crushing stage which refers to break the larger gold ore materials into smaller ones. impact gold ore will have the fine crushing Choosing A Mobile Impact Crusher For Recycling What You Mar 12, 2021 high demand for a small, mobile crusher the growth in recycling of concrete and asphalt recycling industries has led to higher demand for smaller, more mobile crushers, says john o'neill, mccloskey international's vp of sales. over the last 10 years we have improved our control panel systems to provide operators with more knowledge and information about what is going on inside their ... Pe250400 Stone And Dirt Screening Equipment Crusher Pe 250*400 stone crusher,capacity 5-20 t/h jaw crusher pe 250 … crushing & screening equipment manufacturers in mumb; plant for minewaste rock crusher; crushing jaw crusher pe250 400 invest benefit jaw stone crusher pe250*400 max inlet size is 210 . … Crushing The Old Method Mb Crusher Even if you know the ins and the outs of the procedure and have a solution for its problems, find a new way is cost-effective.. instead of using a method they’ve used several times in the past: using truck to dispose the excavated rocks and haul to the site the purchased gsb, a simple change such as using a mb mobile crusher allowed this indian company to crush down to an appropriate size ... Crushing Jaw Crushers South Africa Invest Benefit Crushing jaw crushers south africa invest benefit. we provide you with all accessories of mining machinery and equipment produced by our company, with complete models, reliable performance, stability and durability. ensure the first time to meet customer parts replacement needs, reduce customer downtime maintenance time. get a quote. Stone Crushing Business Plan In South Africa Stone crusher machine from china zenith.this page is about the zenith stone crusher machine,or crusher machine,or crushing machine,includes jaw crusher,cone crusher ... read more stone quarry mining business plan in south africa Crushing Stone Crusher Portable Invest Crushing jaw crusher images mining invest benefit henan . 3 benefits of jaw crushers 3 benefits of these stone crushing machines offer numerous advantages such as safe and reliable working environment minimize down time and high return on the investment here are 3 more benefits of jaw crushers simple structure – the structure of jaw crushers is simple what allows easy operation the crushing ... Crushing The Old Method Mb Crusher Even if you know the ins and the outs of the procedure and have a solution for its problems, find a new way is cost-effective.. instead of using a method they’ve used several times in the past: using truck to dispose the excavated rocks and haul to the site the purchased gsb, a simple change such as using a mb mobile crusher allowed this indian company to crush down to an appropriate size ... Laboratory And Pilot Plant Primary Jaw Crushers When you invest in jaw crushers, you need to know they are going to be dependable and safe. the four models of essa jaw crushers offer powerful crushing capabilities across a wide range of applications and industries. you will reap the benefits of reduced process stages and good control of product sizing. Crushing The Old Method Mb Crusher Even when a working system that “don’t require changing”, can benefit from a embracing an operational change. as simple as did this company in argentina, they had purchased a bf90.3 to recycle stones. they use to discard them. but by attaching an mb crusher unit to their hyundai they crush them and sell the products to others. Indias Fastest Growing Crushing Equipment Manufacturer Being we one of the biggest sand stone crushing industries in uttrakhand and rajastan area propel's machines have utilized to yield a maximum productivity of 20,000 to 30,000 tons per day. the cubical aggregate shape with excellent fines / sand (zone ii) gradation is the unique feature propel's crushers. Crushing Jaw Crushers South Africa Invest Benefit Crushing jaw crushers south africa invest benefit. we provide you with all accessories of mining machinery and equipment produced by our company, with complete models, reliable performance, stability and durability. ensure the first time to meet customer parts replacement needs, reduce customer downtime maintenance time. get a quote. Global Crusher Market Segment Outlook Market Reasons to get this report: in an insight outlook, this research report has dedicated to several quantities of analysis industry research (global industry trends) and crusher market share analysis of high players, along with company profiles, and which collectively include about the fundamental opinions regarding the market landscape; emerging and high-growth sections of crusher market; high ... Stone Crushing Business Plan In South Africa Stone crusher machine from china zenith.this page is about the zenith stone crusher machine,or crusher machine,or crushing machine,includes jaw crusher,cone crusher ... read more stone quarry mining business plan in south africa New Kleemann Jaw Crushers Introduced At Conexpo Mar 26, 2014 two new kleemann mobile jaw crushers featuring exclusive evo technology were introduced to the north american market at conexpo-con/agg 2014. two new crushers – the mobicat mc 110 ri evo and mc 110 zi evo mobile jaw crushers – were among the 41 machines – most of them new i-series products – that wirtgen america displayed at its 39,600-sq. ft. exhibit. Crushing Stone Crusher Portable Invest Crushing jaw crusher images mining invest benefit henan . 3 benefits of jaw crushers 3 benefits of these stone crushing machines offer numerous advantages such as safe and reliable working environment minimize down time and high return on the investment here are 3 more benefits of jaw crushers simple structure – the structure of jaw crushers is simple what allows easy operation the crushing ... Laboratory And Pilot Plant Primary Jaw Crushers When you invest in jaw crushers, you need to know they are going to be dependable and safe. the four models of essa jaw crushers offer powerful crushing capabilities across a wide range of applications and industries. you will reap the benefits of reduced process stages and good control of product sizing. Crushing The Old Method Mb Crusher Even when a working system that “don’t require changing”, can benefit from a embracing an operational change. as simple as did this company in argentina, they had purchased a bf90.3 to recycle stones. they use to discard them. but by attaching an mb crusher unit to their hyundai they crush them and sell the products to others. Indias Fastest Growing Crushing Equipment Manufacturer Being we one of the biggest sand stone crushing industries in uttrakhand and rajastan area propel's machines have utilized to yield a maximum productivity of 20,000 to 30,000 tons per day. the cubical aggregate shape with excellent fines / sand (zone ii) gradation is the unique feature propel's crushers. Global Crusher Market Segment Outlook Market Reasons to get this report: in an insight outlook, this research report has dedicated to several quantities of analysis industry research (global industry trends) and crusher market share analysis of high players, along with company profiles, and which collectively include about the fundamental opinions regarding the market landscape; emerging and high-growth sections of crusher market; high ... New Kleemann Jaw Crushers Introduced At Conexpo Mar 26, 2014 two new kleemann mobile jaw crushers featuring exclusive evo technology were introduced to the north american market at conexpo-con/agg 2014. two new crushers – the mobicat mc 110 ri evo and mc 110 zi evo mobile jaw crushers – were among the 41 machines – most of them new i-series products – that wirtgen america displayed at its 39,600-sq. ft. exhibit. Latest Projects Koula contributes its own strength to sustainable development, and is committed to the development and manufacturing of environmentally friendly, safe and intelligent equipment. High Quality Mobile Stone Crushers In Europe Used crusher mobile in europe - iffdcorgin. used stone crusher in europe mobile crushers all over used stone crusher in europe heavy industry is specialized in the design, manufacture and supply of crushing . Iodine Ore Jaw Crusher Importers In Africaiodine Rock Crusher Iodine ore jaw crusher importers in africa. indium iodine machine yogamayacomforts. iodine ore crusher jyotishkendra. iodine rock crusher now, iodine mobile crusher is the most famous in iodine ore mining industry or iodine ore crushing process in the world. High Quality Slag Jaw Crusher Machine Pey Jaw Crusher China stone crushers catalog of high quality 1-3tph stone crusher plant price, 8-35tph jaw crusher machine 250*400 in ghana provided by china manufacturer - shanman (linyi) machinery co., … Harga Asphalt Mixing Plant Stone Crusher Machine In Jual alat berat stone crusher. asphalt mixing plant | jual kondisi baru alat berat. … the complete stone crushing plant includes aw crusher, impact … spare part alat … High Quality Iron Ore Jaw Crusher Suppliers South Africa Mobile iron ore crusher suppliers in south africa, steel's sedibeng iron ore mine in south africa sedibeng iron ore mine has previously been using a , of-used-mobile-jaw-stone-crusher … Hot Selling Stone Crusher Price From Zhongcheng Find here online price details of companies selling stone crusher. get info of suppliers, manufacturers, exporters, traders of stone crusher for buying in india. I I Want To Bye Old Stone Crusher Plant In Malaysia Old stone crusher for sale in india. old stone crusher for sale in india. crushing and grinding machine supplier in india: liming. get price! used in stone,making sand,coal,iron ore,cement,rock Jaw Crusher 2018 Model Jcm180 280 Cmi crusher model pe 1000 . texas crusher model 31 2 5 . hj series jaw crusher; pe series jaw crusher; ... jaw crusher 2008 model jcm180 280. cmi crusher model pe 1000. kearney officials seek paint funds from nrd for ... High Reliability Marble Stone Crusher Price With Quality Guaranteed Cnc-500 5 axis quartz granite marble stone cnc milling cutting bridge saw machine bridge saw stone cutting machine up to 5 years warranty high-precision us $80000-$100000 / set High Quality Mobile Jaw Crusher For Sale Usa Search for used mobile jaw crushers. find fabo, metso, kpi-jci, and keestrack for sale on machinio. High Quality Mobile Jaw Crusher Japan I View details. komatsu stone crusher , model;br200j-1-status: working condition. interested to buy ask. How To Calculate The Power For A Stone Crusher Which Aug 23, 2019 how to calculate how much crushed stone i need. many parts of the united states have a stone quarry with local stone excavation. after the removal of stone from the ground, it … Jaw Crusher Provide Clay Brick Making Machine Gongyi county zhengtai machinery plant, experts in manufacturing and exporting clay brick making machine, clay brick machine and 328 more products. a verified cn gold supplier on alibaba.com. Hsm Factory Sand Making Machine Fine Crusher Jxsc stone crusher & sand making machine. 336 likes. jxsc mine found in 1985, is a global provider of stone crusher series product capable to mineral … How A Jaw Crusher Works Iran A jaw crusher reduces large size rocks or ore by placing the rock into compression. a fixed jaw, mounted in a v alignment is the stationary breaking surface, while the movable jaw exerts force on the rock by forcing it against the stationary plate. Jaw Crusher Beban Operasi Untuk Rasio Berat Jaw crusher beban operasi untuk rasio berat. jaw crusher beban operasi untuk rasio berat posts about alat berat written by sanggapramana tipe crusher rasio reduksi jaw gyratory true 4 91 31 101. read more. alat pemroses agregat masopik blog. High Qualiti Jaw Crusher Suppliers Manufacturer High qualiti jaw crusher suppliers manufacturer. alibaba offers 353 high qualiti jaw crusher suppliers and high qualiti jaw crusher manufacturers distributors factories companies there are 216 oem 196 odm 65 self patent find high quality high qualiti jaw crusher suppliers on alibaba How Much Investment Required To Start Small Scale Stone Crusher Plant In Uttarpradesh How much investment required to start small stone crusher ... how much investment required to start small stone crusher plant . feb 27, 2014 ... requirements to start a stone crushing … Jaw Crusher Ton Per Jam Jaw crusher c1101 200 ton per jam . jaw crusher - stone crusher . and the pressure resistance strength of jaw crusher is under 200mpa, suitable for primary crush. International Stone Crusher International stone crusher, international stone crusher ... alibaba offers 2,371 international … New Image For Of Ball Mill Google images. the most comprehensive image search on the web. Magnetic Separator Supply In Malaysia Linux magnetics is a leading manufacturer of coolant magnetic separator from ahmedabad, gujarat, india. Mobile Crusher For Sale Crusher Mills Cone Crusher Jaw Our crushing plant manufacturers design and sale jaw crusher, impact crusher, cone … chp ppt crusher model c100 aggregate crusher mills, … terex mobile stone crusher … Mobile Crusher Of Capacity Tph Rubble master's line of mobile impact crushers recycle concrete and asphalt and crush natural rock with ease. production capacity range from 90 to 385 tph. Multideck Vibrating Screen Multi deck vibrating screen. we have with us multi -deck vibrating screens for faster, accurate sizing, splitting and correcting. it is designed for use in the sizing of ceramics, minerals, refractories and other powders. the product is a precision tool for manufacturing accurate grades. Mobile Coal Cone Crusher For Hire Indonessia Por le coal cone crusher for hire in indonessia. mobile dolomite cone crusher for hire in indonessia , portable gold ore cone crusher for hire in indonessia home coal crusher … Mining Equipment Suppliers In Italy Mining equipment 489 suppliers on yoys in united kingdom: cj, cj, international yoys b2b marketplace products companies distributors dealers contact Mine Ball Mill Liners Cement Ball Mill Liner Plate From Malaysia Ball mill liners manganese steel cement ball mill liner plate citiicic specialized in producing wear-resist castings used in grinding equipments and main spindle bush, brake shoe for the mill of various specifications. Mobile Crusher For Hire Ftmlie Heavy Machinery Mobile crushers for hire south africa ftmlie heavy. we have mobile crushers for hire south africapilot crushtec international pty ltd is south africas leading supplier of mobile and semimobile crushing screening recycling sand washing stockpiling compacting and material handling solutions our product range includes jaw crushers cone crushers ... Mobile Crusher Machine Ton Used 100 ton gold mining trommel machine. used 100 ton gold mining trommel machine manufacturer in shanghai, … 20 tons per hour capacity ball mill in india. … mobile crushing … Mining Impact Ball Mill Machine For Syenite Gold Ore From Nigeria Nigeria niue norfolk island northern mariana islands ... hot sale gold mobile ball mill machine / mining grinding mill with factory price. $1,299.00-$1,398.00 / set. 1 set ... cement limestone small scale ball mill, gold ore rock wet ball mill. ready to ship up … Mobile Inpit Magnetic Separators Eriez permanent magnetic separators require no electric power. with proper care, they can last a lifetime with very little loss of magnetic field strength. eriez permanent magnets are supplied for a wide range of applications including dry bulk materials, liquids or … Mini Stone Crushing Equipment Alibaba.com offers 1,782 mini stone crushing machine products. a wide variety of mini stone crushing machine options are available to you, New Jaw Crusher Jc Price In South Africa Free shipping stone jaw crusher manufacturer machines machine price 30 tph in south africa new zealand stone jaw crusher plant $20,000.00-$50,000.00 / set 1 set (min. order) Mining Equipment Locally Mining equipment for sale: 70 mining equipment - find mining equipment on equipment trader. Mobile Crusher Exco Crushers Mobile crusher in china. 669 likes. cftc is wolrd leader of mobile crusher manufacturer, we sell the fixed stone crusher and mobile crusher in china, we have export to 80 countries and have more than... Modeling Simulation And Kinematic Analysis Based On Pro Engineer For Jaw Crusher Mechanism Modeling simulation and kinematic analysis based on pro/engineer for jaw crusher mechanism. read more. screen analysis jaw crusher. ... roll crusher, cone crusher, sieve analysis, ... scope to develop kinematic & dynamic analysis to jaw crusher within … Nordberg Symons Cone Crusher Parts Crusher parts, cone crusher parts, cone crusher wear parts manufacturer / supplier in china, offering manganese casting sandvik nordberg symons wear mantle cone crusher parts, high manganese steel hitachi ex3500 ex3600 ex5500 excavator and … Mobile Crusher Station Project Mobile crusher plant, also called portable crushing plant, is a flexible and powerful crushing solution designed for small to medium projects. it provides on-sites crushing without material transporting from one place to another, thus reducing your material transportation costs. the … Make Up Chargingof Ball Mill Optimization of the make-up ball charge in a grinding mill. abstract the combination of a grinding circuit simulator with a model of ball wear in a grinding mill leads to a method to calculate, with a preselected... get price

Everyone might be tired of hearing about Sesame Street’s new autistic muppet by the time I post this, but before I wrote up a full review I had to make my way through all of the materials at the “Sesame Street and Autism” site. I watched all of the videos, either when the kids weren’t around or with headphones while they were otherwise occupied, because I wanted to screen them first before I let them view of it – and, yes, it is weird to have to screen Sesame Street, of all things, for harmful messaging, but such is the state of the mainstream dialogue on autism that I knew there were likely to be some things I would not want my kids to see or hear. And there were. What is Sesame Street and Autism? First, a brief explanation of what Sesame Street and Autism is and isn’t. There’s been a lot of hype about Julia, the new autistic muppet as I call her and “muppet with autism” as most of the press does. However, there is no actual muppet. There is one storybook, told from Elmo’s point of view, about a cartoon muppet named Julia. The rest of the site is “Resources for Parents,” which include: 10 videos – I would say 5 were mostly or sort of geared toward children, 5 geared toward parents, ALL geared toward neurotypical viewers; some short articles – 5 out of 6 are for parents, the 6th is for neurotypical children; and Daily Routine Cards, which are like short social stories, that could work for any child. There is no balanced view of prejudice For this project, Sesame Street gathered input from a couple of good sources, including ASAN (Autistic Self Advocacy Network) and Boycott Autism Speaks, and some ableist sources, which I prefer not to name because I find that the mere mention of them always derails the Sesame Street discussion into “but why don’t you like them?” and it’s not what I want to talk about here. The problem for me with this project is that you can’t “balance” autism acceptance and positivity with ableism. The ableism corrupts the message of acceptance and makes it unusable at best, and counterproductive at worst. Lost opportunity to do good It’s sad because I really wanted to like it. I think having an autistic muppet IS a good idea and could have been awesome if done well. It would have been great if Julia was a real, felt-covered muppet, was part of the regular cast, and was the protagonist in her own story. It would have been great if she was fully incorporated into the show as just another character. It would also have been great to do some of the live action videos about autistic kids, if the kids had been allowed to tell their own stories and interact with other kids and/or muppets on their own terms. It’s true that for this age range, there are many autistic kid who can’t yet tell their stories either by talking or by AAC (augmentative and alternative communication), but Sesame Street has always been able to work with typical preschoolers who don’t talk that much yet, so they know how to do this. There is no reason they could not do this with autistic preschoolers besides ableism. It’s sad because there is a need for children to hear more about being autistic, inclusion, and making friends with people who aren’t like you. There is a need for more representation of autistic people in media and especially in kids’ media, because I would love for this generation of autistic kids to grow up feeling like they are accepted and part of the picture. (I love the Junot Diaz quote about reflection: “if you want to make a human being into a monster, deny them, at the cultural level, any reflection of themselves.”) I would have loved to be able to show my kids a good Sesame Street video about being autistic, but it’s not here. Where they went wrong: a breakdown As I said, I watched all the videos and read all of the articles and looked at a few of the Daily Routine Cards on the Sesame Street site. Throughout all of their material, they use “person first language” or PFL (person with autism, so-and-so has autism) rather than “identity first language” or IFL (autistic person, so-and-so is autistic) despite the fact that most autistic people prefer IFL. With that, they didn’t even attempt balance. PFL happens to be a total deal breaker for me. Even if I could swallow PFL, there was plenty else that bothered me throughout the Sesame Street site. I’m going piece by piece to explain exactly what the problems are because I know that the uninitiated might not see what is “wrong” with this stuff at first glance, but I hope that if you are one of those, after reading this you’ll consider another point of view. The Amazing Song “The Amazing Song” was all right, and one of the few things on the site that I put in the “would show my kids” category. It wasn’t great but it wasn’t terrible, which is the highest praise I can give anything here. I love the footage of happy flapping autistic kids and the message that “we are all just kids and we all want to play.” The message of othering is not as prominent here but it’s still present in the lyrics “it’s harder to reach out as others do/ but when you just look closer you’ll see amazingness show through.” Whose point of view does this represent? In the second line it’s clearly the neurotypical person as the default narrator, just as it is in ALL of the material on Sesame Street. Even this song speaks to neurotypical children as the default audience and excludes autistic children. Bummer. We’re Amazing 1,2,3 This digital storybook is the only place where Julia the autistic muppet appears, as a cartoon drawing. And yet, the book is told entirely from Elmo’s point of view, as he explains the things that Julia does and feels. Given the creative freedom of a fictional cartoon storybook, how is it that even in this format the autistic person can not be the narrator of their own story? Sure, most children are not autistic, but is that a good reason to sideline autistic children into always being the object of the story and never the subject? Sesame Street could, and really really should, do better than that. Benny’s Story Benny’s Story is a short cartoon and it is just okay. Aside from using PFL, it uses some positive language about being autistic. But Benny is really separate from the other kids and is never shown belonging to the group. It’s true that autistic kids like playing alone sometimes, but what about when they don’t? This video seems to emphasize being different a little too much. However, it is the ONE video told from an autistic point of view, albeit an autistic cartoon resembling a clothespin with a face. So, there’s that. Thomas’s Story This live action video about an 8 year old named Thomas had some great moments – showing how Thomas appreciates the little details of his environment, showing him using AAC to communicate, showing how he uses a service animal on outings. But the bad moments were really bad, and I think are likely to trigger PTSD in some autistic adults who might watch this video. The worst bits were when Thomas’s dad keeps yanking him down by a leash at his waist when Thomas gets excited around the Abby muppet – I think this leash’s main purpose is to keep Thomas connected to his service dog, but the dad uses it for unnecessary restraints and that’s disturbing. Can you imagine a Sesame Street video where a parent claps his hand over his child’s mouth when the child starts speaking too loudly? – that’s more or less the equivalent of what Thomas’s dad does to forcefully quiet Thomas’s body language. After that, Thomas’s dad corrects how Thomas hugs Abby by taking his arms and moving them to do a hug the “right” way, which is also just yuck. And I wasn’t crazy about having the camera intrude on Thomas’s alone time when he said he needed a break. But the larger problem with Thomas’s story is that it is told about Thomas by neurotypical people (and muppet). It’s very othering. Thomas has the ability to communicate through AAC; at the end of the video he gets a chance to chat with the muppet Abby, and he has a little back and forth with her. This could have been the main narrative, and should have. A Sibling Story Aagh! I just about jumping out of my skin seeing Yusenia’s sisters help physically restrain her so that her parents could brush her teeth and hair. Later in the video we see Jaslyn, one of the sisters, prompt Yusenia to stay calm when she excitedly goes to hug Abby the muppet. This video was aimed at kids but I would never it show it to mine, or really, anyone. Coercion and physical force are not normal parts of an autistic kid’s life. Being a Supportive Parent A video aimed at parents, this one featured Yusenia’s dad talking about supporting his wife because in raising an autistic child, “there’s probably not a day that’s not stressful.” (As opposed to life raising typical children, which is nothing but unicorn farts and rainbows from sunup to sundown, right?) The worst part of this one was when they showed footage of a very unhappy looking Yusenia at her 6th birthday party, the first year when she was able to blow out her birthday candle, after years of therapy. The dad is crying as he recounts this milestone, describing her as “typical fingers in her ears, zoning things out,” concluding with “it took her six years of her life to blow out a candle,” which is so dismissive and self-centered and, honestly, anti-autistic, that I just… You know, Yusenia is not sticking her fingers in her ears to ruin YOUR experience of her birthday party, dad, she is doing it to cope with the noise and basically put up with everyone else imposing their preferences on hers, so, get a clue. Family and Friends Family and Friends is a story geared toward parents and told by two women who have been friends for years, and now have kids who play together all the time. One of the kids is autistic. I would probably show this to an adult neurotypical friend. It was not terrible and I liked some of the one mom’s statements about battling stigma: “I don’t want to ‘sell’ him to anybody, like, ‘he’s autistic, but….'” Still, given that Louie can be heard conversing with various people in the background of the video, I do not understand why he wasn’t allowed to tell any of his own story. It would have been great to hear a 6 year old autistic boy tell us about his life and his friendships, but as far as I can tell, he wasn’t even asked. Nasaiah’s Day This video about a 4 year old autistic kid could probably make my “would show the kids” list but I would have to explain to them that, no, Nasaiah does NOT have to learn to look people in the eye. (Eye contact is a neurotypical social convention but if it makes a child uncomfortable, he should not have to do it any more than wheelchair users should have to “learn” to climb the stairs on foot.) Other than that this was pretty cute and I loved his singing clip with Abby in the end. More like that, please! Meeting Unique Needs Here Nasaiah’s mom just talks about her frustrations in raising an autistic kid. Bummer, they seemed nice in the other one. I did not need to see this. Family Time with Grover This video was just so odd, I don’t know how to describe it. A lot of it is video of Grover with twin autistic boys and their older neurotypical sister, but that’s intercut with the parents talking about their kids and their parenting strategies, so I don’t know if it’s for kids or for parents. It wasn’t horrible but it was just more of talking ABOUT autistic kids rather than WITH them. A Parent’s Role This is a CLASSIC parent complaining video. It’s all about Dad and how hard his life is. “The challenges for me… You don’t get to do what other dads do… [Louie] doesn’t say I love you… It’s tough handling the stress… It’s very stressful and draining on [my wife]…” And then he ends with “it’s been a blessing.” I’m going to say something I know is controversial, but parents’ complaints about how hard it is to raise an autistic child do NOT need to always be shown. They don’t need to be part of every conversation about being autistic. Parenting is hard sometimes, yes. But this narrative of suffering only strengthens the stigma that autistic people face in the world. It helps NO ONE. Not even the person complaining. And certainly not their child. Can you imagine Sesame Street making videos of parents of typical children complaining about how difficult it is to raise their kids? Can you imagine Sesame Street doing this with parents of kids with other disabilities? Somehow it is unique to autism that the “parents’ lives are hard” story must ALWAYS be included. It really does not have to be included. There is a time and place to talk about how hard parenting your autistic kids can be, and it’s the same place you talk about how hard parenting your typical kids can be, how hard your marriage can be, how hard your friendships can be – privately, with trusted friends and family. Read More There were 6 short informational articles, 5 of them for adults, all of them for neurotypical people about how to interact with autistic children and/or their parents. “Being a Friend” for kids was pretty nice but it was totally geared toward neurotypical kids. There is NOTHING here for autistic kids. They are just erased. This tells me that Sesame Street does not think their feelings and experiences really matter. They never do tell their own stories and they never are addressed directly by the materials here. It’s all about autistic kids, but it’s not for them. Daily Routine Cards Slightly misnamed, these are short social stories about everyday tasks like getting ready in the morning and crossing the street. They work for any young child as reminders and/or “what to expect” stories. They’re the only thing here that actually include autistic children as the part of the audience. So… meh. The Bad Outweighs the Good I’m an idealist but I do have a pragmatic streak. I know that massive social changes take time, and autism acceptance is no exception. Is Sesame Street a step forward? I would actually say yes, but only insofar as it is an opportunity to talk more, publicly, about how far we still have to go. It would advance nothing to say “Oh, Sesame Street has an autism initiative. At least it’s something, we’ll take it, let’s not throw stones.” Nope. Throwing stones is also a needed step in order to move autism acceptance forward. These are my stones. This website is not good. There’s too much that’s bad tipping the scales toward ableism and stigma. I hope Sesame Street listens. I think they can still fix this. Go back to the drawing board (literally and figuratively) with Julia, scrap everything else. Yep, scrap it. You made an autistic muppet, awesome. I love that she does happy flapping and loves to sing. Make her a real muppet. Make her part of the Sesame Street family. Let her talk instead of just talking about her. Let autistic kids see their reflection in her and feel that they are real people too, not monsters. Let them tell their own stories. Sesame Street has always known how to let kids be kids and they can do it again, and they can start now. Share this: Twitter Facebook Pinterest Email Like this: Like Loading... Related October 23, 2015 March 19, 2020 theeisforerin Tagged actuallyautistic, advocacy, autism, autistic rights, neurodiveristy, sesame street 159 Comments 159 thoughts on “Not In Love With Julia” charliejenny October 23, 2015 at 5:48 pm Reply Reblogged this on blindhorsegirl and commented: Getting the feelings about this LikeLike professorperry October 23, 2015 at 5:51 pm Reply This is outstanding. Thank you so much for your time and detailed analysis of all the materials. LikeLiked by 1 person waggermama October 24, 2015 at 3:08 am Reply This. Thank you LikeLiked by 1 person Kronisk October 23, 2015 at 5:55 pm Reply No acknowledgement that adults can be autistic, too, I will wager. Why are they doing this to us? What the hell did we do to them? LikeLike The_L October 27, 2015 at 3:08 pm Reply I think it’s a case of “hleping.” They want to help, but they either don’t know or don’t care enough to do it right. I do think Julia is a great idea, but we should have more stories from her POV. “We’re Amazing, 1, 2, 3!” is pretty decent for helping NT folks remove the stigma around autism (which is a major concern, because garbage like this is happening among the antivaxx crowd), but not really good for actually autistic people. As an adult who’s had ADHD her entire life (not the same thing, I know), this feels more like “How to put up with those people” rather than “What autistic people are like.” I’ve heard the ADHD version from my parents, and now I’m hearing the autism version from Sesame Street. What a letdown. LikeLike Caiha October 29, 2015 at 1:30 pm Reply Oh you hadn’t heard? We cease to exist the moment we turn 18… LikeLiked by 1 person JustMe March 24, 2017 at 10:40 pm According to my insurance company that’s at 25. At least I shouldn’t need medication anymore at that point. LikeLike kategladstone November 10, 2015 at 12:43 pm Reply “What the hell did we do to them?” I’ll TELL you what we did to them … we existed: while not tripping their “fellow human” detectors. This is my hypothesis, based on decades of observation: People without autism have (or at least _behave_ as if they have) a finely-tuned and highly-specific “human being detectors/interaction manager” software/hardware package. A non-autistic’s neurological hardware/software suite is fine-tuned to recognize and respond to similar hardware/software in other life-forms. It’s like having a savant talent, but for people instead of numbers — — THE CATCH: the “people savant/people detector ” software (that runs a non-autistic’s interaction) doesn’t operate unless it processes the other human being[s] in the interaction as actual PEOPLE. And … the way the software/hardware package detects whether someone is “people” is by detecting the presence — or absence — of the “people detector” software. Neurotypical meets neurotypical: each person’s “people detector” detects the other person; each person “processes” the other person as “human being present”; interaction proceeds. Autistic meets autistic: no “people detection” software routine; interaction proceeds on other bases. Neurotypical meets autistic: neurotypical’s “people software” FAILS to detect corresponding “people software” in autistic; neurotypical’s software tells the neurotypical’s subconscious : “Warning! Warning! Human being ABSENT!” and subconsciously the neurotypical DOES NOT treat the autistic as human, because the autistic failed the “human detection” test (by not having the same software/hardware package that the test consists of & is built to look for). The autistic, not depending on the same software test, is prepared to treat the neurotypical as human … and does not understand being treated as non-human in return. The only way I know to get considered human, by a life-form running the neurotypical “human detection” package, is to unremittingly persuade the neurotypical to consciously ignore how his/her software package is screaming at him/her to process me as not-quite-human and/or not-quite-present. (It may be no coincidence that one of THE most frequent was in which non-autistics describe autistics is to say “He/She is just not ‘all there.'” I believe this is more than just an idiom: something within the neurotypical, quite likely, evaluates us as not REALLY present because we are not registering on their built-in ‘detection kit’ for detecting whether something that LOOKS human really IS human. We are human, but we don’t have the particular configuration that the software kit is programmed to search for … so we register as anything BUT “human and present.”) LikeLiked by 2 people charliejenny October 23, 2015 at 5:56 pm Reply Thank you for posting this. I am Autistic, I don’t have Autism. As someone who regularly had a hand put over their mouth growing up I get the comparison. If my mother herself (no longer speaking) she would complain just like these parents. Blindness, and other physical disabilities understand that isn’t the child’s choice to be the way they are. But when it comes to Autism, ADHD, and other brain disabilities parents don’t get it. I also saw this with a friend who was higher functioning, but had fetal alcohol syndrome. They insisted that if he would have just tried harder he would have been “normal”. Not seeing that was his normal. My Autistic normal is my Autistic normal. Not anyone else is. LikeLiked by 1 person Neville Ross January 15, 2016 at 3:48 am Reply Love you, and what you just said. I’m an Aspie, and have had the same crap happen to me for years, except, the system has failed me, and at 47, I have no idea of what to do with my life. LikeLiked by 1 person Neville Ross January 29, 2016 at 2:35 pm Reply @charliejenny; It’s not just parents that don’t understand, it’s everybody else that doesn’t understand, too. Nobody seems to want to give a frack about understanding autism at all, in particular Aspergers, and so, all of the bullshit that bedevils our lives as autistics happens because nobody understands what we are or how we do things. LikeLiked by 1 person Sonia April 11, 2016 at 5:43 am I wouldn’t put all parents in the same boat. my son is 5 I found out he was autistic when he was 3 1/2 I read everything I could get my hands on to understand autism. I felt my son’s pain when I left my son at daycare full of neuro typical toddlers. Workers keeping him away from other kids while he played by himself. Kindergarten is starting in September and I am really worried that his teacher won’t understand him,won’t be able to see when he is getting overwhelmed, why he throws himself to the ground when he doesn’t want to go potty. It’s probably naive of me to believe in a world where all children are treated equally, it’s so much easier to judge than to understand. sometimes all they need to make their lives easier is a comforting word or a hug. LikeLiked by 1 person Nana October 23, 2015 at 7:11 pm Reply Thank you so much for the thorough review. Sounds like there’s a lot here that I won’t be wasting my kids’ or my own time on. I had high hopes for this, but I’m not too surprised. Definitely disappointing. LikeLiked by 1 person Rose October 24, 2015 at 7:57 pm Reply Oddly, while I actually agree with everything in this article, I still really appreciate what Sesame Street is doing. I think what it comes down to is everyone is different, every family is different, there is no way Sesame Street can please everyone when it comes to autism. But… It can help promote understanding and acceptance and I think that’s great. LikeLike The_L October 27, 2015 at 3:10 pm I sent an email to their “See Amazing” program, indicating that Julia’s POV should also be incorporated, so that autistic kids are reassured that their stories and perspectives matter. LikeLike Pingback: The Importance of Autistic People Seeing Reflections of Ourselves in Media – Sesame Street, Julia and Me | Echoes of Mermaids bunnyhopscotch October 23, 2015 at 10:38 pm Reply Reblogged this on bunnyhopscotch and commented: A very well articulated and balanced review of the ‘sensational’ new character in Sesame Street. Thank you! And yes, I am autistic; no, I do not ‘have autism’! LikeLike Carla October 24, 2015 at 1:37 am Reply This article is so well written and an education for Anyone who reads it. I hope the right people do so! LikeLike yasik16milion October 24, 2015 at 2:23 am Reply I agree. I also serched for signing to their newsletter, and surprise,surprise! You can submit as health care provider/educator OR as a family member. Autistic people? Nope. I liked the storybook and the song, but the rest was quite meh, and the site wasn’t built really well – but it was not bad. I was really disappointed with the fact that where was nothing for autistic children. And the rutine cards was quite dissapointing too. They showed the kids as very passsive, and not really participating in things. When I was that age, I really liked participating in things, and the kids are just so… passive. It is ok, some kids are, but I wanted some diversity. LikeLike soniaboue October 24, 2015 at 3:12 am Reply Amazingly thorough and well articulated, thoughtful review. Thank you for the critical thinking! LikeLiked by 1 person Heather Clark October 24, 2015 at 5:19 am Reply Thank you Erin. I completely agree with your analysis of the content. I too wanted to share this with my children but nope. It isn’t for them apparently. The PFL ruined even the decent stuff. Also, though the boycott kicked down the door for ASAN and other more balanced partners, we were excluded from participating in the content reviews, which is a shame. The boycotters are particularly sensitive to the very errors that Sesame made, and would have been excellent at confronting the issues. LikeLiked by 2 people Pingback: Lørdagslinks – 24. oktober 2015 | Autismetanken Melis October 24, 2015 at 8:01 am Reply Thank you so much for putting my thoughts into words. I’ve been sharing this post on every single FB post that mentions Julia. And have had a lot of positive feedback. It still amazes me that issues that are so obvious to me, as an Autistic, needs to be pointed out to those who are not. It has certainly made people think. Here’s looking forward to the day when Sesame Street sets things right, including making Julia a real muppet. LikeLiked by 1 person kategladstone March 23, 2017 at 2:49 pm Reply Julia becomes a real Muppet on April 10, 2017 — https://www.bing.com/search?q=julia+sesame+april&form=APIPA1&PC=APPD LikeLike kategladstone March 23, 2017 at 2:51 pm Actually, April 20th; I’m a bad typist. LikeLike Wendy Vorpahl October 24, 2015 at 8:22 am Reply I disagree about your stance on ‘We’re Amazing 1-2-3.’ I think having the story told by Elmo makes it easier for kids to embrace the idea of being friends with autistic children if they see ‘one of their own’ (and by the end of the story it was two of their own) having a great friendship with someone on the autism spectrum. LikeLike theeisforerin October 24, 2015 at 9:15 am Author Reply But autistic kids are kids, too. Why can’t they have a story about themselves? There are tons of books for typical kids already. LikeLiked by 1 person clara b (@clarabellum) October 26, 2015 at 1:14 pm I mean, I feel like they’re doing a good thing here (there are tons of books for typical kids, but how many are about being a friend to autistic kids? not enough IMO). But I agree — creating something FOR autistic kids should have been a higher priority. LikeLike Laura Meyer October 24, 2015 at 9:14 am Reply Yes yes yes! This is everything I thought about the site as well. It is not up to Sesame Street’s established standards and it is not FOR the kids. Autistic kids need their own voice. LikeLiked by 1 person Kids MD October 24, 2015 at 10:28 am Reply http://groundedparents.com/2015/10/23/anti-vax-sesame-street/ LikeLike bpbqueen October 24, 2015 at 11:38 am Reply Thank you so much! My husband is autistic and he also felt off about this story but couldn’t express it in a way I could understand (which really isn’t his job). I also felt it was off as it didn’t show her side of things but I really wanted to understand where my husband was coming from. Sharing this article with my husband and having him say every few minutes while reading it “yes, oh my god, yes” really, really means so much to me. As his wife I want to understand where he is coming from so that I can communicate better with him. You helped me so much to understand this issue and to understand him. A million thanks for a beautifully written piece! LikeLiked by 2 people Talon October 24, 2015 at 1:09 pm Reply Thank you. Thank you so much, as an autistic parent raising an autistic daughter. I only made it through Thomas’ story, so seriously. Thank you for watching and reading and giving honest and detailed feedback about what was good (very little) and what was lacking (A REALLY FUCKTON OF STUFF). I confess…I blew it off when Sesame Street announced this basically because…that’s usually NOT how they do things like that. They introduce new characters, but never make such a huge deal out of it. It felt…not right to me, from the beginning. I’m 41 years old and it really does make me sad and disappointed to be let down by Sesame Street, as ridiculous as it sounds. LikeLiked by 1 person haddayr October 24, 2015 at 2:02 pm Reply Thank you SO MUCH for watching all this crap so that we don’t have to. This in particular really REALLY spoke to me (maybe I should say that I am not autistic but my son is): “Can you imagine Sesame Street making videos of parents of typical children complaining about how difficult it is to raise their kids? Can you imagine Sesame Street doing this with parents of kids with other disabilities? Somehow it is unique to autism that the “parents’ lives are hard” story must ALWAYS be included. It really does not have to be included. There is a time and place to talk about how hard parenting your autistic kids can be, and it’s the same place you talk about how hard parenting your typical kids can be, how hard your marriage can be, how hard your friendships can be – privately, with trusted friends and family.” LikeLiked by 2 people haddayr October 24, 2015 at 2:03 pm Reply Reblogged this on Haddayr Copley-Woods and commented: She watched this so we wouldn’t have to. I was encouraged by their partner organizations, so I am disappointed. I especially call your attention to this: “Can you imagine Sesame Street making videos of parents of typical children complaining about how difficult it is to raise their kids? Can you imagine Sesame Street doing this with parents of kids with other disabilities? Somehow it is unique to autism that the “parents’ lives are hard” story must ALWAYS be included. It really does not have to be included. There is a time and place to talk about how hard parenting your autistic kids can be, and it’s the same place you talk about how hard parenting your typical kids can be, how hard your marriage can be, how hard your friendships can be – privately, with trusted friends and family.” LikeLiked by 2 people Casey October 24, 2015 at 2:04 pm Reply I agree with your overall analysis of the new site. However, I think I you are examining it from the perspective of someone who is EDUCATED and FAMILIAR with Autism. I am an SLP graduate student and prior to earning my bachelor’s degree I only had a slight understanding of what Autism was. This site would have been GREAT for me as a teen who only ever had minimal contact with a person with Autism. As for referring to “autistic children” as “children with Autism” or “Thomas has Autism”…They are using the correct, “professional” way to refer to children with Autism, because saying “autistic kids” then allows that and that alone define them. Yes, however, in reality it is not the way we identify someone as having Autism in everyday conversation. With that said, I can see where the creators behind this are coming from. They’re aiming to raise Autism awareness. When first learning about Autism, it would be confusing for the general public to only be exposed only to Thomas communicating with his AAC device. While it is wonderful that he is communicating, he does not yet and may not ever have the mastery to narrate an entire video segment. I commend Sesame Street for taking a step in the right direction. Was it perfect? No. But they are directing this toward introducing Autism to neurotypical children and adults. It is laying important groundwork for the future. I predict the creators will add in more videos and storylines with Julia narrating in the future, once neurotypical children have developed an understanding of what Autism is and different communication styles. Yes, it does cater toward neurotypical children, which is unfair and may initially seem disheartening, but I am not discouraged by all this. Hopefully in the future, Julia will be made into a puppet. In order to make a great change, small steps must first be taken. LikeLike theeisforerin October 24, 2015 at 2:27 pm Author Reply Yes, I am educated and familiar with autism – that’s why my voice, and other voices like mine, need to be a bigger part of projects like this. “Awareness campaigns” are useless if they are based on misinformation and if they perpetuate stigma against the populations for which they are raising awareness. Another thing to think about is that awareness campaigns are generally used to raise awareness and funds to cure diseases… which is exactly why they are not suitable to autism, which is NOT a disease and does NOT need to be cured even if it could be, which it can’t. Person first language is indeed the standard among professionals, but that does not mean it is correct. The correct terminology is the terminology that is preferred by the people you are talking about, and most autistic people prefer identity first language. Most, but not all; so I would have settled for a mix of both on SS, but they chose to use PFL exclusively, which tells me who their initiative is for: not autistic people. And I don’t buy the argument that calling myself autistic means that alone defies me; I also call myself a woman, a wife, a mother, and none of those things are the ONLY thing that defines me, yet I’m allowed to call myself those words. I agree that small steps must be taken, and criticism is an important step too. If it seems I’m being harsh with you, just know that yours is one of the few dissenting opinions I’ve let through my moderation software, because you at least disagreed with me respectfully, and I appreciate that. LikeLiked by 1 person Rose October 25, 2015 at 7:37 pm Perhaps one of the good things that will come out of the Sesame Street series is more discourse like this. Before having children, I worked in special education. We were taught to say, a child had autism. Having an autistic son of my own and knowing all the other autistic people in our immediate community, I have to say my autistic son and autistic people because it is so clear being autistic is as much a part of who they are. If my son was not autistic, he would not be the amazing, wonderful, human being he is. His strengths and challenges would be completely different strengths and challenges. He wouldn’t be doing the things with his life that he is, he’d be someone else altogether. Any I love who he is. I wouldn’t want him to be someone else. My heart would break if he were suddenly someone else. I’ve read more anger coming from people who feel that Sesame Street is normalizing autism and not acknowledging the pain it causes families and autistic people themselves. My reponse to those people is, given that autism isn’t something that can be cured, the best thing that could happen is for people to have more understanding and acceptance of autism. If what Sesame Street is doing and if conversations like these lead to more understanding and acceptance, that’s a good thing. Whether it’s the high functioning child who is picked on in school and suicidal over not having friends or the parent who is afraid take their child out in public because of the judgements they get about their child’s behavior, or the low functioning child who is being forced to conform by parents and schools who are trying to make them fit in… Understanding and acceptance could make everyone’s life so much better. Thank you for encouraging people to share in this kind of discourse. LikeLike bbshepherd October 24, 2015 at 2:16 pm Reply Reblogged this on Lost and Found and commented: Excellent analysis. Thank you for articulating the issues so clearly. Some of us have trouble doing that. Reblogged. LikeLiked by 1 person Sophie October 24, 2015 at 2:22 pm Reply Thank you for this analysis. It’s really excellent work. LikeLiked by 1 person peeraction October 24, 2015 at 3:16 pm Reply In truth people with all types of disabilities have parents who suffer bravely and then steal our voices. Great post! I appreciate the explanation of PLF and ILF, LikeLiked by 1 person Melissa October 24, 2015 at 5:02 pm Reply I think it would be great for Sesame Street writers to hear this perspective. Have you considered contacting them with this? LikeLiked by 1 person theeisforerin October 24, 2015 at 5:03 pm Author Reply Thanks! Yes, I have commented through their site and am also mailing a printed essay and cover letter to their address in New York. LikeLike Ashley October 24, 2015 at 9:46 pm Reply I appreciate this article and point of view very much. I saw the video and some of the content on their site and found it somehow unsettling but couldn’t put words to why. You’ve explained this very well. Thank you! LikeLike mtstrecker October 24, 2015 at 9:46 pm Reply I was disappointed with Sesame Street’s initiative too. I was hoping for something that would make it easier to educate friends, family, and loved ones who are sometimes confused by the behaviors of my autistic children. I was especially hoping that it would give me a tool to address questions from their elementary school children. Kids that age have an inexhaustible supply of curiosity, – but I am often at a loss to provide them with a meaningful explanation. Can you give me any advice or point me in the direction of resources or existing material that covers this? I wish I knew how to condense my feelings and understanding of my children into something easily communicated. LikeLike theeisforerin October 24, 2015 at 10:20 pm Author Reply I really don’t think there is too much out there yet for kids. I actually am working on writing and illustrating a book for all ages that would serve this purpose. Reviewing Sesame Street materials was also good research for me and got me thinking about ways to revise my draft, specifically to tell the story from an autistic point of view even though the audience will be neurodiverse. LikeLike thecaffeinatedautistic October 26, 2015 at 1:58 pm The best kid friendly book that I can think of is “I Love Being My Own Autistic Self” by Landon Bryce. It’s not an educational book per se but it’s really the best thing I can think of that exists to help educate non autistic kids about autism (and adults too!) LikeLike kategladstone October 30, 2015 at 3:39 pm I want to read your book, Erin, when it comes out. Is there a mailing list for it? LikeLike theeisforerin October 30, 2015 at 5:54 pm Author It’s still very much in draft form. I’ll post about it here when it’s ready. 🙂 LikeLike Joan Rupram October 25, 2015 at 8:37 am Reply I enjoyed reading your strong critical thoughts and I learned a lot, I had to share. thank you. LikeLiked by 1 person Pingback: Sesame Street’s Missed Opportunity : californica Genna Cleod October 25, 2015 at 11:45 am Reply Great analysis, thank you! Have you seen the episode of Arthur with Carl? Curious to hear your thoughts on that. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsmjwHW40ps LikeLike theeisforerin October 25, 2015 at 3:10 pm Author Reply I like the strange planet sequence, though it would have been better if it was told by the autistic uncle himself. LikeLike wakingcanary October 25, 2015 at 2:10 pm Reply Reblogged this on hereirawr and commented: Great review of Sesame Street’s new approach to autism (Julia, the new muppet, website materials, stories and videos). It needs some significant work to truly be empowering to spectrum kids. Excellent breakdown, all they need to do is follow her advice… LikeLiked by 1 person mel October 25, 2015 at 3:37 pm Reply While I do find some of your thoughts and opinions agreeable, such as the I have autism instead of is autistic, and that they need content for autistic kids not just about autistic kids, I do see their point also. The set out to create a website or page about autism acceptance and to inform parents and NT children about autistic kids. I wish some people in the community would go to this site and watch some of the videos.(show some to their kids) I wish the people who stare at my child and point at him or say “what’s wrong with him” when he is overstimulated and flapping or verbally ticking would use this site to see that their are children out there that do these things but that they are just children and they are amazing and special just like all children are. I wish people would ask instead of “what’s wrong with him?”, why does he do that or is there something he needs”. I know I would love a chance to have a conversation sometimes about his amazing mind and self instead of the pointing and starring. I also realize it would have been amazing to get the childs point of view but I also realize that sometimes this isn’t always possible. So I do agree with some of the things you don’t like but I also think this is a step in the right direction. LikeLike theeisforerin October 25, 2015 at 3:45 pm Author Reply I hear you. LikeLike Nasaiah's Mom October 25, 2015 at 5:12 pm Reply Erin, I typically do not respond to articles on this Sesame Street initiative however, yours struck a cord with me. I totally agree with you about PFL. That said, I feel the need to make it clear that I was by no means complaining about my ” frustrations in raising an autistic kid” as you so “knowingly” put it. I was however asked if there were ever difficult moments (of which there are many) on MY journey with MY kid and to give an example of such…..I’m sorry if that somehow doesn’t make me a nice person in your book. But then again you don’t really know ME–bummer! Moreover, since when is someone sharing their own personal experience automatically complaining or letting out frustrations? Why cant it be just that…….sharing?! And for the record Nasaiah is free to make eye contact whenever he chooses in our family. Like you said he shouldn’t have to and with us he does not have to! LikeLike theeisforerin October 25, 2015 at 5:20 pm Author Reply I thought your family seemed accepting and encouraging in the family footage. It’s really great to know that Nasaiah does not have to make eye contact. It sounds like Sesame Street workshop chose to present your family in a certain way (talking about learning eye contact and the challenges of raising autistic children, even the use of PFL) that do not necessarily reflect the way you really are. I stand by my criticism of the videos but you’ve made me realize that I could have been more careful about critiquing the people in them. I know that the media lens can be distorting even in documentary style productions but I did not hold that in my mind as I was watching and then reviewing. All my best to you. LikeLike K October 25, 2015 at 5:57 pm Reply Thanks for watching this so I don’t have to. And for putting up with the condesplaining in the comments so I don’t have to. LikeLiked by 1 person Chelsea October 25, 2015 at 9:53 pm Reply Thank you so much for this. I was really hoping SS would do well with Julia, but it sounds like they have a long way to go. It’s so hard to tell about peoples’ intentions on edited video, so it makes me wonder how much prompting and editing was involved in the videos of parents who were complaining about their kids. Whatever the situation, the videos shouldn’t have been presented that way. Like you said, it’s hard to raise kids. All kids. My cousin, who is 9, is autistic and speaks very little. He communicates mostly through sounds and hand flapping, makes little eye contact, and hugs without wrapping his arms around me (sometimes he doesn’t want to hug at all.) I have been fortunate to know other autistic people who each experience it differently, so that has helped me understand where he’s coming from. If other family members try to make him hug me “correctly,” I tell him that his hugs are great. I want him to know that I’m trying to show him respect as best I can, without him being able to always verbalize what makes him comfortable or uncomfortable. I’m trying to pay attention to the other ways he communicates, and learn his language. I have to say, though, as someone who has been considered a person with special needs, as someone who has always been taught that my illnesses and conditions don’t define me as a person, and as someone who has used both PFL and IFL to describe myself (but PFL first in reference to others out of an attempt at respect,) the light bulb about PFL and autistic people didn’t go off for me until very recently. Most of the autistic people I know and have known are either too young (and/or I was too young,) or don’t speak enough for me to have had that conversation with them before. I’d mostly heard neurotypical people describing autistic people as “people with autism.” So, I wasn’t aware until recently that most autistic people prefer IFL. I still know that it’s always best to ask the kind of language someone prefers when I can, but I won’t always be able to do that, so that’s good to know. Autism creates such a unique experience, so it makes complete sense. Personally, I’ve always preferred to call myself epileptic, but a person with anxiety/depression/fibromyalgia/heart issues, etc., so I understand the various reasons different people with the same health-related issues have for wanting to use different kinds of language at different times. I just didn’t have the opportunity to learn, specifically, about how that language relates to autism. I’m so glad I know now. I hope Sesame Street gets on board, too. LikeLiked by 1 person Pingback: Sorry, Sesame Street: we need to talk about Julia | Dirty, Naked and Happy Susan Edelman October 26, 2015 at 8:16 am Reply your critiques are well founded and I appreciate the efforts and insights. However, in this day when neighbors want autistic children labelled as “neighborhood nuisances” and internet trolls immediately latch onto developmental disabilities as the reason for mass murderers, I’m happy that Sesame Street is at least trying to educate the next generation to be kinder and more inclusive. LikeLike Amton October 26, 2015 at 9:18 am Reply Although I agree with you with a majority of things on here. There is a huge issue I also have, I understand you like to be called autistic rather than make it out to have a “disease” there are a million other diagnoses out there that doesn’t have such a nice way to put it. My daughter has ACC it’s often misdiagnosed as autism so I seriously relate with the autistic community as I go through almost all of the same struggles. I can’t say my daughter is acc-ic I have to say she has acc, to say anyone has anything should not be an issue. We want everyone to be accepted regardless of what they are or have. Why is it so horrible to say you have autism. As a special needs community we should all stick together and that community also includes children with diseases. Our message should be to be accepting of everyone why is everyone so focused on that, there’s much more to talk about here. As for the rest of the article, I completely agree. They are making her out to be different from “typical” kids, instead of focusing on that ALL kids are diff typical or not. LikeLike theeisforerin October 26, 2015 at 9:40 am Author Reply Hi Amton, I object to pathologizing language about autism because it is not a disease, it’s a normal human neurological variant (albeit a disabling one), and attempts to treat or cure one’s basic neurology can be both dangerous, and hinder acceptance. However, I totally see your point that I should be careful of making chronic illness out to be an “other” and be mindful of the broader disability community… People who do have chronic illness also need acceptance and understanding. LikeLike Katherine October 26, 2015 at 10:16 am Reply As the parent of an autistic child, I don’t agree completely with what you’ve said above, but I think it’s good that you are communicating your take so that Sesame Street (and other organizations) can take it into consideration. It is very hard to create any initiative that would suit everyone, though, and personally I really enjoyed the storybook because I was looking at it from the perspective of what my daughter’s future friends will take away from it – namely, that an autistic child’s behaviour is different, not wrong or bad or unfriendly. I do have one concern about addressing the PFL/IFL issue, and I’d love to hear your response to this. I think it’s a bit unfair to critique an organization for choosing to use PFL in a campaign specifically dedicated to communicating to kids that autistic kids are kids like them – that’s pretty well the definition of person-first. I know many older autistic kids and autistic adults express a preference for IFL, but that’s surely not universal. If you have a group that prefers one and a group that prefers the other, how do we appropriately represent both sides? This is an honest question that I’ve struggled with several times since my daughter was diagnosed last year. (She’s not old enough to express a preference; when she does, I will honour her choice.) What’s your take on how to choose what language to use when you have a large community that doesn’t have a consensus about what terminology is preferred. LikeLike theeisforerin October 26, 2015 at 11:03 am Author Reply Thanks for asking Katherine – even though I strongly favor IFL, it would have been reasonable to mix the two throughout the site. That’s what many platforms do when they have a broad audience. In my view, the word “autistic” only has a stigma if we stigmatize it and avoid using it. It doesn’t say everything about me, but neither does “woman,” “mother,” “blogger,” all words that no one seems to mind me calling myself. Because they are neutral or positive. The same way I (and many others) see the word “autistic.” LikeLike Katherine October 26, 2015 at 11:33 am Thanks for your response! I’d agree that mixing terminology sounds like the best compromise to incorporate all preferences. Hopefully Sesame Street and other organizations will keep possibilities like that in mind as they develop more resources. LikeLike susan November 1, 2015 at 10:35 am Reply what are PFL and IFL? LikeLike theeisforerin November 1, 2015 at 10:49 am Author PFL = Person First Language, IFL = Identity First Language LikeLike kategladstone November 1, 2015 at 11:05 am “PFL” abbreviates “person-first language,” which refers to phrases such as “person with _______” or “person who has _______ ” or “person who is living with ______ [autism, blindness, dyslexia, left-handedness, youth, giftedness, or other characteristic of some humans] ” “IFL” abbreviates “identity-first language,” which refers to phrases constructed instead in the normal English way: e.g., “gifted child” rather than “child with giftedness” — “Jewish neighbors” rather than “neighbors with Judaism” — — or “autistic person” rather than “person with autism.” Although I strongly prefer the second way of expression, I equally strongly reject the descriptor “identity-first language” (IFL) for it — because my identity is NOT any of the ways in which I am like someone else. Instead, I think of this more natural way of using the language (IFL) as “Inclusion-First Language” — being INCLUDED in the human race by having our characteristics described in the normal English way, like anyone else’s characteristics. (I’m not a “person with autism” for the same reason that I am not “a person with Americanism” or “a person with Judaism” or “a person with femaleness, giftedness, heterosexuality, and brunettism.”) For the same reason, I think of “PFL” as in fact being “Pointing Finger Language” — constantly pointing a finger at the trait that’s being stigmatized and set apart. (Think of how you’d feel if others called you “a person with [maleness/femaleness, Americanism/Canadianism/Mexicanism, etc.”] LikeLike Kmarie October 26, 2015 at 11:38 am Reply THANK YOU! I could not find any Autistic’s blogging about this when I wrote mine…and to be honest I didn’t watch every segment for my review because I felt overwhelmed…I tried to stay positive because it was way more positive than Autism Speaks…but who are we kidding- that should not be the bar I put positive experiences up to! So If you don’t mind I added your review to the top of my post as its everything I wanted to say and couldn’t ( though I did cover the birthday candle thing exclusively) Oh man the leash! I forgot about that video and it REALLY bothered me! Thank you for writing this…Please send it to Sesame street in the contact us form if possible? They need to hear other Autistic Voices! LikeLike theeisforerin October 26, 2015 at 11:44 am Author Reply Yes, I did send it to Sesame Street too. 🙂 I read your post, and wanted to tell you that I found out “Benny’s Story” was not only animated by autistic artists, the story itself was written by an autistic man. So that probably explains why it was the most relatable and the only one told from an autistic point of view. I also agree with you about birthdays in general, and I have read a few other autistic bloggers who’ve said the same. 🙂 LikeLike Kmarie October 27, 2015 at 1:09 am yes that is probably why we related more…I think because I am not on Facebook I am not as well connected to the greater autistic community to hear about these things- like other bloggers feelings on birthdays! ( though I am friends with cynthia and Sam…and have three good autistic friends outside of my family) but I would love to follow more blogs and am adding yours to my list as I had not discovered it prior to my friend sending it…and I love what you have to say! I am so glad u sent this to sesame street too:) LikeLike kategladstone November 1, 2015 at 12:38 pm Reply Sesame Street has set up an e-mail hot-line _just_ for taking comments on the autism project: it’s autism@sesame.org LikeLike Pingback: Markierungen 10/27/2015 - Snippets Haley Brown October 28, 2015 at 4:28 am Reply Fantastic article. Thank you so much for your specificity and thoughtfulness. I love your perspective. I’d be so curious to know whether Sesame Street gets back to you! Anyway, thank you again. LikeLike Jonelle October 29, 2015 at 3:36 am Reply Sesame Street has always gone above and beyond with childhood education and entertainment. When watching Barney I would see a gap between his costume and feet and think to myself that this is something Sesame Street would never have overlooked. They have always taken the care and tact to make quality children’s shows and not insult parents with half-assed programming focused on a profit. While I can understand that they have maybe missed the mark on Autism a bit, I applaud them for being pioneers. They are speaking to the majority of children who are not Autistic on how to understand and accept differences in their peers. Yes, no two kids are alike and that doesn’t change with Autism. No two children with autism are alike. Julia is not a stereotype. She is a unique, individual- diagnosed with Autism. As a parent of a child who is not Autistic, and as a parent who preaches acceptance and love, I think this book can be so beneficial of acceptance and understanding. I don’t think Sesame Street is saying this is what all children with Autism are like. I think it’s saying Julia is not like other kids, she has a name for why that is, it happens to be Autism ( which is a word you have maybe heard before) and we are patient and loving with her as we are with anyone else. I hope sincerely that I haven’t offended anyone. I am speaking out as a mom in favor of peer support for autistic children. I am in favor and I think if we can let down our guard a bit we will see that the world is changing in a good way. Maybe it’s off, (I’m ignorant) but a step in the right direction. LikeLike Kim October 29, 2015 at 6:00 am Reply I think you missed the point. Your multiple complaints about it written from the neurotypical view or for the neortypical reader is the point! That’s exactly what they meant to do. The initiative is to inform the neurotypical world of some of the basic about kids with autism . So society as a whole- beginning with children. Can start learning about how autism manifests itself in people and children with the end result being the kids with autism are better understood by society and one day not be “the weird kid” or the bullied kid. LikeLike theeisforerin October 29, 2015 at 2:49 pm Author Reply I think “you missed the point” is an extremely condescending way of disagreeing with someone. I did not miss the point, rather, I think the point is wrong. Can you imagine Sesame Street having a “racial initiative” or a page called “Sesame Street and Race” where white people explained to a white audience what non-white people are “like?” Autistic people can speak for themselves, whether by talking or by other ways of communicating. As for bullying, it is not the job of autistic people to “not be the bullied kid.” That’s like saying we should stop sexual assault by telling women not to wear short skirts. It’s up to bullies to stop hurting other people: http://davehingsburger.blogspot.ca/2015/10/the-answer-to-answer.html?m=1 LikeLiked by 1 person Talon October 29, 2015 at 4:13 pm I wish there was a way to “like” comments here…so so many I just want to respond to with a “Yes, yes THAT!!” But it would be unnecessarily repetitive, and I feel disrespectful to your space and so I refrain. This comment and your reply I could not refrain from. Better you reply than me, and better I should simply say, “Yes. This.” LikeLiked by 1 person Dar October 29, 2015 at 3:15 pm Reply Thank you for the wealth of info! Found your article and blog on Twitter and linked to it from our own blog. I really appreciate you taking the time to review all this material and share your impressions with us! LikeLike kategladstone October 29, 2015 at 7:20 pm Reply Here is how to reach a SESAME STREET employee who works on their autism project and is a self-proclaimed “autism daddy” married to an “autism mommy” — autismdaddy.fb@gmail.com He blogs as “Frank the Autism Daddy” — I don’t know his surname. His Facebook page and blog (favorites of “autism parents”) are: https://www.facebook.com/AutismDaddy http://autism-daddy.blogspot.com/p/about-me.html So send those e-mails, Facebook comments/messages, and blog-comments! LikeLike kategladstone October 29, 2015 at 7:41 pm Reply I’ve done a little more digging, and have unearthed his full name — Frank Campagna — and his LinkedIn account — https://www.linkedin.com/pub/frank-campagna/4/21a/b68 LikeLike jozie October 30, 2015 at 8:22 am Reply I don’t want to detract from the debate in these comments, but the media refers to the muppet as a “muppet with autism” rather than an “autistic muppet” for a reason. When you say an “autistic child,” or a “disabled child,” you are defining those children by their mental or physical state – not by the fact that they’re children. In this case, as the muppet is representing a child with autism, it’s important that you adopt that language instead. It’s not just about PC, it’s about dehumanizing. Something to keep in mind, especially in a blog that calls out ableism. What’s important to you – that a child (or muppet) is autistic first, or that he or she is a CHILD first? LikeLike theeisforerin October 30, 2015 at 11:49 am Author Reply It seems as though you did not actually read my post, because I did briefly explain why I use identity first language, which is preferred by most autistic people. But if you don’t want to take my word for it, read this excellent posts: http://musingsofanaspie.com/2014/06/18/the-logical-fallacy-of-person-first-language/ http://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/i-am-disabled-on-identity-first-versus-people-first-language/ http://www.autistichoya.com/2011/08/significance-of-semantics-person-first.html http://www.autistichoya.com/2011/11/identity-and-hypocrisy-second-argument.html https://unstrangemind.wordpress.com/2015/04/10/i-is-for-identity-first-language/ LikeLike kategladstone October 30, 2015 at 12:46 pm Sending a letter to the above e-address does, immediately, get a form letter back — which is more than I’ve ever gotten from writing to SESAME executives/staffers or from using their site’s “Contact Us” page. So, someone MAY be reading what we write to autism@sesame.org … LikeLiked by 1 person kategladstone October 30, 2015 at 12:49 pm Reply Jozie — the day I call myself, or anyone, a “person with autism” will be the same day I call myself “a person with heterosexuality, Judaism, Americanism, and femaleness.” Do I have to call you a “person with femaleness” to see that you are a person? LikeLiked by 2 people kategladstone October 30, 2015 at 12:54 pm Reply Fun(ny) fact about “person first” — when you say “person with autism,” the loudest word is “autism.” When you say “autistic person,” the loudest word is “person.” LikeLiked by 1 person kategladstone November 1, 2015 at 11:02 pm Reply Jozie — It is disturbing to me that you believe you wouldn’t remember an autistic child is a child unless you changed his adjective to a prepositional phrase. What does this say about your perceptions? LikeLiked by 1 person Jared Dunton October 30, 2015 at 10:20 am Reply Here’s an idea: how about we turn the tables? We have all of this media, showing how difficult it is for neurotypical people to deal with autistic people… so, how about we do the same thing, but in reverse? You know, instead of media showing how “hard” it is for neurotypical people to have to “put up with” autistic people being “awkward,” how about we show how hard it is for autistic people to deal with neurotypical people always trying to assimilate us and impose everything they want upon us? We can show some of the struggles that autistic people go through, and how insulting and terrible it is for our struggles to be represented in the way that Sesame Street tried, with the power of parody! Like this example from my own life, turned into a parody: I’d just be minding my own business, reading a book, drawing, surfing the web, talking online (I have some speech difficulties, so talking online is kind of the only voice I have) with friends and/or discussing ideas with people I meet online, contemplating to myself about formal science or figuring out how to improve on the methods of Jungian psychoanalysis to better account for non-neurotypical people like myself, or something else. Then, some neurotypical people would come along: maybe some guy repeatedly shouting “SPOOOORTS” at the top of his lungs, or a bunch of people repeating the same phrases over and over again in a conversation about a topic so banal and vacuous that it’s basically an excuse for them to hear their own voices, and they’d all intrude on my life, interrupting what I’m doing and insisting that I’m doing something wrong, or that I’m less of a person, or that I’m somehow bothering them, simply because I’m not bending over backwards to conform to what they want. Then, it would cut to me in one in a segment in the style of the “complaining videos” mentioned in the blog post, and I’d talk (either through text, or maybe an actor playing me or something) about how hard it is for me as someone who has to deal with neurotypical people. It could even go after the idea that autistic people have poor social skills and an inability to read non-verbal cues, by pointing out how the neurotypical people misinterpret or otherwise are unable to read the social cues I show. You know, like pausing what I’m doing for a couple of seconds to look up at them with an expression that’s either halfway between “poker face” and “grumpy cat,” or otherwise just glaring at them, before going back to what I’m doing; the times I’ll say “meh” or otherwise grunt in a disinterested manner, which will get more intense and laborious every time, until I’m eventually doing a perfect impression of a wookie with throat cancer; the wincing I make when one of them speaks in a way that’s extremely patronizing to me, as if they’re talking to a kindergartner; and otherwise showing absolutely no interest or excitement at the idea of becoming one of them. (Obviously, I know that a lot of autistic people want to make friends and associate with others, and struggle to do so, and my example doesn’t show that; as such, a parody of this sort would have to include examples of that, as well. As a person with high-functioning autism myself, I would like to connect with others, and I struggle to do so; however, I also know that there’s a difference between “forcible associating with people you can’t stand” and “having friends,” and I’m pretty comfortable with the friends I have already.) LikeLike kategladstone November 1, 2015 at 12:42 pm Reply My own “turning the tables” practice is (and has long been) to refer to non-autistics as “people without autism”: especially when I’m speaking directly to them, and ESPECIALLY when I know that the ones I’m speaking to are people who prefer/demand PFL (which they call “Person-First Language” and I call “Pointing-Finger Language). After all, if they think calling me a “person with autism” equals respect, they can have no objection to me calling any of them a “person without autism” ..l LikeLiked by 1 person kategladstone March 21, 2017 at 12:15 am For this reason, I was particularly pleased — and you, “900 Windows” might be, too — by the fact that the puppeteer who animates Julia calls non-autistic kids “kids without autism” … and the puppeteer is the mother of an autistic boy, it so happens. She calls neurotypical kids “kids without autism” in this interview: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/julia-sesame-street-new-muppet-autism/ LikeLike kategladstone October 30, 2015 at 11:31 am Reply SESAME STREET’s office staff has let me know that the autism project now has an e-mail address specifically to receive comments/complaints/etc. about the autism project — autism@sesame.org LikeLiked by 1 person theeisforerin October 30, 2015 at 11:38 am Author Reply Thank you! LikeLike Talon October 30, 2015 at 11:39 am Reply That’s pretty awesome!! I’ve seen your relentless hunt for answers to the questions and concerns that autistic people have in regards to this Sesame Street initiative!! LikeLike kategladstone October 30, 2015 at 12:50 pm Sending a letter to the above e-address does, immediately, get a form letter back — which is more than I’ve ever gotten from writing to SESAME executives/staffers or from using their site’s “Contact Us” page. So, someone MAY be reading what we write to autism@sesame.org … LikeLike kategladstone October 30, 2015 at 1:28 pm Reply Does anyone else here find an unfortunate “hidden curriculum” implication in Julia’s not being allowed to move into a neighborhood (Sesame Street) whose community standards have long been adequately met by someone who lives in a garbage can? LikeLiked by 1 person theeisforerin October 30, 2015 at 1:29 pm Author Reply Even Big Bird’s imaginary friend got to have an actual body and live on the Street. LikeLike kategladstone October 30, 2015 at 2:44 pm Interestingly, the reason that SESAME’s producers eventually decided to make Snuffleupagus be real (and therefore “believed in” by the neighbors, not just by Big Bird) was that SESAME’s producers found out that Big Bird’s failure to get others to believe in Snuffleupagus had been accidentally teaching children that they, too, wouldn’t believed if they had anything unusual and/or important to tell. So … what lessons are kids learning when they read a book about a character (Julia) who is only ever real INSIDE JUST THAT ONE BOOK that’s about people misunderstanding her? In the book, she’s in the neighborhood (having problems that other people have to solve) — but everywhere else in SESAME-world, she simply isn’t. It is as if people like Julia are only ever allowed to be real whenever others are using them as a lesson in kindness. LikeLiked by 2 people Neville Ross January 29, 2016 at 6:33 pm Reply @kategladstone-I think that we as autistics need to write Autism Daddy as well, and tell him that he’s full of it and that he needs to change how he sees his child and others who are autistic, Whether or not he’ll listen to us, is debatable at best, but at least we can try. LikeLike kategladstone October 30, 2015 at 1:54 pm Reply And you can bet that: /a/ the next autism conference you attend WILL have a “See the Amazing” booth, manned by staffers cooing about how inclusive this all is, and /b/ one of those staffers will be under a six-foot-tall Julia costume. It would probably be interesting and educational for people to go up to Julia and ask her where she lives on Sesame Street, and other questions of that sort, in the hearing of her booth-staffers and of the multitudinous visitors and passers-by. If I undertook to do this, I would be as polite as polite can be — not loud, not nasty, but clearly audible. It would be wondrous to hear how “See the Amazing” people (including whoever got picked to wear the Julia costume) answered pertinent questions with (for example) small children present. LikeLike kategladstone October 30, 2015 at 8:30 pm Reply /1/ Great response (below) from SESAME’s Jeanette Betancourt — who now, please note, writes “autistic children”! She wrote this to me after a couple of my Autism Society contacts (Scott Badesch and Michael Leaver, who share my concerns) visited her and, apparently, mentioned the letters they knew I’d written her and other SESAME executives. [Note: below, I’ve trimmed sign-offs — hers and mine — to save space. I’ve also snipped out my original letter, as it was long & simply summarized, with credit where due, the points made here & elsewhere.] ———- Forwarded message ———- From: Betancourt, Jeanette Date: Friday, October 30, 2015 Subject: Julia, “See the Amazing,” and your request to “hear from the autistic community.” To: “Handwritingrepair@gmail.com” Dear Ms. Gladstone and Mr. Harber, Thank you for your correspondence to several of us at Sesame Workshop. Scott Badesch and Michael Leaver were kind enough to share your concerns with us as well. We are grateful that you reviewed the initiative and each of the components, and sent us such thoughtful feedback. Your insights and recommendations are extremely helpful as we consider additional components or activities around this initiative. As we proceed, we want to make every effort to demonstrate the diversity of the autism community. We highly value our partnership with the Autism Society and other partners, as well as input from the community. All of this will to continue to guide us in how to have the greatest impact, especially for young autistic children and their families. Respectfully, Dr. Jeanette Betancourt /2/ For the sake of completeness: my response to Dr. Betancourt … ———- Forwarded message ———- From: Kate Gladstone Date: Friday, October 30, 2015 Subject: RE: Julia, “See the Amazing,” and your request to “hear from the autistic community.” To: “Betancourt, Jeanette” Thank you for your reply! My husband thanks you too! (By the way, his surname is spelled “Haber” — rhymes with “neighbor” — not “Harber.”) It was good to see a response — and I thank you for recognizing, and using, the increasingly chosen language of more and more autistics (“autistic children/adults/people/etc.” rather than “people/adults/children with autism”). I look forward to seeing Julia, and others in this project, fully included in SESAME STREET — and telling their own stories. Your response lets me trust that this is being worked on. /3/ Her welcome response to that: ———- Forwarded message ———- From: Betancourt, Jeanette Date: Friday, October 30, 2015 Subject: RE: Julia, “See the Amazing,” and your request to “hear from the autistic community.” To: “Handwritingrepair@gmail.com” Dear Ms. Gladstone and Mr. Haber (thank you for the correction), I appreciate your very kind response and continued guidance. Regards, Jeanette LikeLike susan October 31, 2015 at 9:54 pm Reply Nasaiah shouldn’t have had to make eye contact, you say. I add to that that Thomas shouldn’t have to do high fives on cue. IT bothered me a lot that his father was so disgusted when he didn’t. People are weird about autism. I am 58 and recently my psychiatrist told me I might be autistic, but at my age and with my particular characteristics I’ve figured out how to cope well enough that it’s not worth pursuing unless i really want to. I mentioned this on Facebook, thinking it was no big deal. a friend of decades was so hateful about it that i have stopped talkign to her-calling me an attention seeking liar and sayign almost all autistic people with autism are nonverbal tantrum throwers and even the “pleasant and nice” verbal ones can’t live alone without supervision. Apparently all the autistic people she admits to knowing are nonverbal and dependent on their parents as adults, and she can’t admit it’s not universal.She ripped into a couple of my Aspie friends too, and seriously hurt the feelings of at least one of them. so confusing. LikeLiked by 2 people theeisforerin October 31, 2015 at 10:00 pm Author Reply I’m sorry you had that experience Susan. I wish I could say it’s uncommon, but, well… It happens a lot. People do seem to have a lot of fear and anger around autism. And I agree with you about the high fives, too. LikeLike susan November 1, 2015 at 10:11 am My take on the book: Elmo: This is Julia. She’s a pathetic freak, but I like her anyway, cause I’m nice. Abby: I’m glad you’re here to be her interpreter or I wouldn’t be able to like Julia. Julia: I don’t like noise. Elmo: Julia doesn’t like noise. Abby: Thanks for explaining Elmo. I didn’t know what she meant. LikeLike kategladstone November 1, 2015 at 4:11 pm My judgment of the book is similar to Susan’s. However, I am giving time for the SESAME STREET staff to act on the written promise of their vice-president (Jeanette Betancourt) to think through the comments I sent her — she calls these comments “thoughtful feedback,” and her letter uses “autistic person” (which I call Inclusion-First Language, for reasons such as I’ve explained earlier in this thread). Therefore, I am allowing time to see if they act on her promise. We should know what, if any, improvements will have been made by the time the next ASAnstionsl,conference opens (July 2016). Since the most recent conference (July 2015) already had a SESAME STREET booth with a poster telling us to “stay tuned for the ‘See the Amazing’ autism project later this year” , I’m betting that 2016 will see /a/ an actress in a Julia suit talking to people & giving autographs, /b/ a Julia Muppet on the show, AND /c/ a GREAT improvement over the existing materials. If /a/, /b/, and/or /c/ haven’t happened by then, or have happened in derogatory ways (e.g., not having Julia on TV, or not letting her do/say anything on her own beyond the usual,”pitiful freak” scripts for representing autistics in media), then I will definitely resume complaints — I’ll also resume complaints if anything derogatory, or otherwise irrational and wrong-headed, comes out from SESAME before that time. LikeLike kategladstone November 1, 2015 at 11:20 am Reply Erin, you occasionally misspell a tag for this posting (and the URL for that tag) by typing “neurodiveristy” instead of “neurodiversity” — you may want to do a global search-and-replace” throughout your site. Speaking of terms: I often see “neurotypical” used as the opposite of “autistic” — this is a problem (of imprecision) because there are non-autistic people who are still not neurotypical (e.g., a non-autistic may be dyslexic). Because of this, what do You think of calling non-autistics (who may or may not be neurotypical in any way) simply “non-autistics” or (my preferred choice) “people without autism”? (I like that one because it amazingly “wakes up” such people when they themselves are called that: suddenly, they understand why “person with_____” language is NOT respectful, but is in fact “Pointing Finger” Language.) LikeLike theeisforerin November 1, 2015 at 11:28 am Author Reply Thanks for the head up on typos, I frequently transcribe letters when I type, and since spell check does not recognize “neurodiversity,” misspellings slip through. I agree with you on “non-autistics” for most conversations about neurodiversity etc. I consciously used neurotypical through out this blog post because I feel it is that monolithic dominant majority that is represented by SSW’s materials. Their target audience appears to me to be neurotypical, and they appear to use a neurotypical viewpoint to explain autism to that audience. That’s my perception anyway, but I appreciate you drawing those distinctions for anyone still reading the comments! LikeLike kategladstone November 1, 2015 at 12:48 pm It is possible to teach new words to your spell-checker. The exact method differs across systems, so ask around. As I’ve said somewhere, “non-autistic” works well — but, when the other person throws a hissy-fit if you classify yourself as anything BUT a “person with autism,” turn the tables — call him/her (usually it’s a “her”) a “person without autism” for the rest of the conversation … or even kick it up a few notches, and call him/her a “person with non-autism/person with neurotypicality”! LikeLike kategladstone November 1, 2015 at 4:21 pm Reply I see that, these past three days, there is almost NO new media release-stuff or other news about Julia or “See the Amazing”! The ONLY new bit of autism/Julia news that came up on Google or Bing during the past three days was one Maine newspaper’s recent syndicated word-for-word copy of the press-release that National Public Radio ran about a week ago. This MAY mean that SESAME STREET is re-thinking and re-designing the project — in my experience with publicity campaigns, when a just-launched project very suddenly goes from “intense long-lasting media blast” to “suddenly nothing new,” literally overnight, this very often means that the entire project is being quietly redesigned (as a result of public complaint or other documentably bad response) before the people in charge take it any further. LikeLike Pingback: These Things I Say….. | Thoughts, Musings, Public Failures, and Things Pingback: The Sesame Street and Autism Project | Aspie Catholic kategladstone November 7, 2015 at 9:16 pm Reply Spread this far and wide. It turns out that SESAME created Julia at the suggestion of staff at The Barber Institute (http://www.barberinstitute.org), a “behavioral health” school for autistic and intellectually disabled kids: http://www.erienewsnow.com/story/30458839/barber-institute-sesame-street-create-new-character-with-autism Note that at least one of the kids at the school is quoted in the news-etory And here’s video of a Barber Institute staffer reading the Julia story to the Barber Institute kids: http://www.twcnews.com/nys/buffalo/news/2015/10/24/sesame-street–autism–julia–see-amazing.html Comments? (Note that both news-sites include comment-spaces, and the Barber Institute site has a contact-link.) LikeLike Every1Games (@Every1Games) November 10, 2015 at 10:39 am Reply Thank you Erin! and everyone. I was struggling to find the words, to say what I wanted to say about Sesame Street and you helped me. You are an important part of the conversation, please take a look at my response to Sesame Streets resources and your blog :). http://every1games.ca/see-5-amazing-strategies-to-change-ableist-culture/ LikeLike kategladstone November 10, 2015 at 11:52 am Reply Does “ableist” mean “preferring ability to inability”? If so, I don’t regard “ableism” as wrong — in fact, I see it as correct and important and worth caring about. If I’m wrong on this — if I’m wrong, for instance, in preferring ability to inability — please show me how I am wrong. LikeLike theeisforerin November 10, 2015 at 11:56 am Author No, ableism means bigotry and discrimination against disabled people. LikeLike kategladstone November 10, 2015 at 3:09 pm Reply When I encounter many of the things that people say and write against “ableism,” a lot of what they’re calling out as “bigotry” appears, to me, undeserving of that. For instance, the first time I encountered the term “ableism” was in a conversation with a student whose mother had asked me to help get started with a foreign language over summer vacation, because this language was required at the school the student was transferring to When the student complained that I had given her less than 100% on an assignment, the mother complained that I was being “bigoted by reason of ableism” because I wasn’t willing to “equalize things” by giving full credit for incorrect work, including incomprehensible work. The following link is to another situation (much later, in adult life, among fellow autistics) in which one fellow autistic denounced me for similar reasons: to help me understand any possible “ableist” bigotry issues involved here, I’d like your take on the matter — https://autisticsaware.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/pails-to-the-radio/ LikeLike kategladstone November 10, 2015 at 8:06 pm Reply SESAME STREET’s Jeanette Betancourt’s most recent letter to me (a couple of days ago) states that they are looking for a voice actress to voice Julia. In other words, Julia WILL speak for herself — her voice WILL be heard — and this makes it more than likely that she WILL tell her own story, and WILL be on the TV show. Stay tuned … LikeLike Pingback: Τι διαβάσαμε την εβδομάδα που πέρασε (13-19/10) | Καμένα Σουτιέν Pingback: Seeing Beyond Amazing: Is Sesame Street really changing the way we understand autism? Pingback: Giraffe Party – Sometimes a Little Right Isn’t Enough Pingback: Τι διαβάσαμε την εβδομάδα που πέρασε (13-19/11) | Καμένα Σουτιέν Phil - abpathfinder.com January 5, 2016 at 2:22 am Reply Wow…what a complete and thorough explanation. Thanks for discussing this, it is something which become my concern too. In fact, I do hope that Sesame Street will read this and do some changes with the story. LikeLike kategladstone January 5, 2016 at 6:43 pm Reply The day after this weep-page started, I contacted the staff at SESAME STREET, asked them to read it, and told them a few of the reasons. The one who answered that request is high up on the team that designed the project, and she has since been carefully and sympathetically reading this page, as well as readying my following e-mails directing her to other autistics’ blogs addressing the same and similar issues. I can’t tell you more, except that she says she has learned a lot from this reading & that she advises is to stay tuned to see what happens with Julia … LikeLiked by 1 person Amber February 27, 2016 at 6:37 pm Reply I completely agree with every statement you said. I like what Sesame Street is doing however they need to read this article and learn that this is what should’ve happened. LikeLike kategladstone February 27, 2016 at 7:24 pm Reply I have referred — emphatically — a SESAME STREET executive to this article, and to the comments it continues to spur. This began a conversation between the exec and me, by e-mail, which has continued for several months, and which continues still. The conversation, at the exc’s request, must remain confidential — but I strongly suggest that anyone who is (rightly!) concerned about SESAME STREET’s false steps should continue to read the SESAME STREET Autism Initiative site in 2017 and in future years. I wouldn’t rule out tuning into the TV program sooner or later, too. LikeLike kategladstone March 31, 2016 at 12:31 pm Reply There are new videos and other things on the SESAME autism site. In this one, autistic adults tell what they want kids to know about autism: http://autism.sesamestreet.org/videos/want-kids-know/ LikeLike Rachel April 10, 2016 at 2:55 pm Reply This was brilliant review! My daughter is autistic and I am learning. You are right about the complaining. There should be a time and place for that. I am a single mom and her dad is not in the picture at all but I will be more careful. She is getting ready to turn 3 so I got excited about this but won’t bother with it now. Thank you for writing this! LikeLiked by 1 person theeisforerin April 10, 2016 at 3:00 pm Author Reply Hi Rachel! I haven’t reviewed the new material yet but since I wrote this they’ve put out some new videos that are better than the first batch (though the old ones are still there). I like the ones where autistic kids talk about their favorite things and favorite foods. I’ll write up a new review soon. 🙂 LikeLike Pingback: Эрин Хьюман: «Не с любовью к Джулии» | Нейроразнообразие в России Pingback: Эрин Хьюман: «Не в восторге от Джулии» | Нейроразнообразие в России melissaautisticfields March 20, 2017 at 6:18 pm Reply Reblogged this on Melissa Fields, Autist and commented: Because…Sesame Street can do way better than this with Julia. They ned to let Julia talk. Let Julia tell Julia’s story through Julia’s eyes, and not forcing her or any Autistic people, for that matter, to do normal neurotypical, when we are neurodivergent. Sesame Street, there is nothing wrong with us being Autistic!! An excellent read, Erin!! This needs to be read and re-read and shared widely!! LikeLike kategladstone March 20, 2017 at 11:24 pm Reply I’ve been following the news on Julia — https://www.bing.com/search?q=sesame+street+julia&form=APIPA1&PC=APPD — she’ll be a recurrent character, beginning this April … She will talk … She will express her own thoughts and feelings through her voice and through other means of communication, such as hand-flapping … and these will be accepted as part of what Julia does. AND she will be described as “autistic.” LikeLike theeisforerin March 22, 2017 at 9:51 am Author Reply Thanks Melissa! LikeLiked by 1 person melissaautisticfields April 17, 2017 at 4:31 pm You’re welcome, Erin!! ❤ ❤ LikeLike Pingback: Julia the autistic muppet finally joins her friends on TV – Briannon Lee jessymum March 20, 2017 at 9:28 pm Reply So NOW apparently Julia is becoming a ‘real’ 3D Muppet (airing from April, I think?) … I would love for you to write about how you perceive Sesame Street’s NEW attempt at Julia … See IF they’ve made any improvement (from all the feedback) LikeLike theeisforerin March 22, 2017 at 9:51 am Author Reply I will do another review of the new material! I think they have taken in some feedback from autistic people but they still have a ways to go, and they are still running the old problematic material on their website. Stay tuned! LikeLike jenz3977 March 20, 2017 at 9:42 pm Reply The trouble is, they’ve consulted psychologists, etc like they do for every other “sensitive topic”. What it seems like they HAVEN’T done is consulted anyone in the autistic community. We speak best for ourselves. And totally with you with the “person-first language”. It makes it too easy for non-autistics to separate the autism from us. It’s an integral part of who we are, not something that can be therapied away, and trained away. Sure, extra help on learning how to interact isn’t a bad thing – but forcing autistics to do stuff that they really really aren’t comfortable with isn’t cool. Brushing teeth? Sure. Sensory overload at its worst. But it’s something that has to be done for hygiene and health – pinning a person down isn’t the answer, finding ways to make it less uncomfortable is the way to go. It’s like Sesame Street listened to all the neurotypicals (non-spectrumers) and completely excluded autistic people on what should be included. Or have BOTH included, so we get to see both sides of the coin, so to speak. LikeLike jenz3977 March 20, 2017 at 9:44 pm Reply and I mean no disrespect to the girl’s family. They probably think they’re doing “all they can”. But there needs to be another way. LikeLike kategladstone March 21, 2017 at 11:52 pm Reply *Re:* * “What it seems like they HAVEN’T done is consulted anyone in the autistic community.”* *I’m an autistic woman with whom the project leader, Jeanette, Bethancourt, has regularly consulted since October 2015 when I first addressed her with my many concerns about the project’s content, direction, and sponsorship. * LikeLike theeisforerin March 22, 2017 at 9:50 am Author Reply I hear you. They did consult autistic people, mainly via the Autistic Self Advocacy Network, but ASAN was only 1 of 14 consultants on this programming, and the vast majority were neurotypical parents and professionals. I think that bias unfortunately comes through strongly in the content I’ve seen so far. LikeLike jenz3977 March 23, 2017 at 5:26 pm Sounds about right. It’s like neurotypicals saying “well, terminology should be person-first”, when the majority of “autistic” people prefer autistic over person-with-autism. LikeLike Rebecca Koch March 20, 2017 at 9:50 pm Reply I’m 20. We were taught in school to say person with autism. I apologize and I will work to switch to autistic person. LikeLike kategladstone March 21, 2017 at 11:40 pm Reply Thanks! (Now I don’t have to try to think of you as “a person with femaleness and youthfulness.”) 😉 LikeLiked by 1 person theeisforerin March 22, 2017 at 9:48 am Author Reply Thank you for being willing to adjust! No apologies needed, we are all still learning. LikeLike kategladstone March 21, 2017 at 12:02 am Reply Apparently, she’ll be more often described as “has autism” than as “autistic.” Maybe some more letter-writing can get them to re-consider: as it got them to re-consider so much else. LikeLike rocklobsterjwt March 21, 2017 at 6:05 am Reply She’s joining the cast on April 10, 2017. LikeLike kategladstone March 21, 2017 at 11:39 pm Reply On April 20th, actually. LikeLike Uncle Jamie March 21, 2017 at 9:20 am Reply I came here after noticing that videos of Sesame Street’s new autistic character had appeared on YouTube’s trending list. I haven’t watched them yet but got interested in the topic as I got my ASC diagnosis a couple of months ago at the age of 38. I’ll be interested to see if your points have influenced the way that the TV version of the character is portrayed, and would like to thank you for your efforts to communicate some of the subtleties of interaction that the condition engenders. LikeLike theeisforerin March 22, 2017 at 9:47 am Author Reply Thanks Jamie. I will post a review of the new material after I see a little more of it. LikeLike Christy Walk March 21, 2017 at 9:42 am Reply Reblogged this on christyautisticwalk. LikeLike privatepersonblog March 23, 2017 at 5:39 pm Reply I’m autistic and also a natural redhead. A a child and in adolescence I was frequently called offensive names regarding my red hair. Later in life I found my difference wasn’t confined to hair colour…. another label… It seems that NTs have always disliked people of difference. Poor Julia has been saddled with another disability. Unconscious association? LikeLike kategladstone April 12, 2017 at 12:57 am Reply Ten minutes of Julia on TV: http://www.practicalautism.com/2017/04/meet-julia-new-autistic-muppet-on.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+blogspot%2Fdyxfj+%28Raising+Asperger%27s+Kids%29 I love her beautiful red hair, but we MUST contact SESAME STREET about the “has autism” talk. LikeLike kategladstone April 13, 2017 at 1:34 pm Reply Remember, anyone needing to wrITE to SESAME about what they see in Julia can use autism@sesame.org LikeLike kategladstone April 13, 2017 at 4:04 pm Reply This is an interview with ASAN’s Julia Bascom on her part in creating SESAME’s Julia … and on the area in which she was overruled … http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2017/04/12/autistic_self_advocacy_network_s_julia_bascom_on_sesame_street_s_new_muppet.html?wpsrc=sh_all_tab_fb_bot LikeLike kategladstone April 14, 2017 at 10:41 pm Reply At least one news-medium is referring to Julia as “autistic” rather than “who has autism”: http://www.newsmax.com/t/newsmax/article/783748?keywords=julia-sesame-street-autistic-muppet&year=2017&month=04&date=11&id=783748&aliaspath=%2FManage%2FArticles%2FTemplate-Wire LikeLike Pingback: Надеюсь, я ошибаюсь насчет Джулии | Нейроразнообразие в России Pingback: 1482 Wörter über das Sexleben von Muppets – Sebastian Moitzheim Pingback: Julia the Muppet: Then and Now – This is David M. Perry Leave a Reply Cancel reply Enter your comment here... Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: Email (required) (Address never made public) Name (required) Website You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Google account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Twitter account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Facebook account. ( Log Out / Change ) Cancel Connecting to %s Notify me of new comments via email. Notify me of new posts via email. Δ Post navigation ← NeuroTribes Book Review Kindness Without Respect is Worthless → Widgets Search this site Search for: Subscribe to Blog via Email Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Join 490 other followers Email Address: Subscribe Follow Me Facebook Twitter Instagram Follow eisforerin on WordPress.com Categories Categories Select Category ableism Autism Books comics Creativity Disability Education Friendship Identity Infographics Neurodiversity Parenting Writing

We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Cookie settingsACCEPT Manage consent Close Privacy Overview This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Necessary Necessary Always Enabled Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Cookie Duration Description cookielawinfo-checbox-analytics 11 months This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". cookielawinfo-checbox-functional 11 months The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". cookielawinfo-checbox-others 11 months This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary 11 months This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance 11 months This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". viewed_cookie_policy 11 months The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data. Functional Functional Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Performance Performance Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Analytics Analytics Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Advertisement Advertisement Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Others Others Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet.

No one said life would be easy, and sometimes it can really feel like an endless swamp of problems, but ask yourself this: Are you really prepared for a life of happiness? Can you even imagine an entire day without having something to complain about? Everyone has their own inner resistance to happiness, an oddly human trait that deserves some close scrutiny. Despite spending a lot of time and energy striving for happiness, human beings aren’t especially comfortable or skilled at feeling good or being at peace. School teaches us a lot of things, but there are no high school classes on how to deal with success and happiness. If you were to take the time to look within and uncover why you resist happiness, the answer would likely be related to fear – a fear of achieving your full potential. Because here’s the thing: when you become the best you can be, that means there’s no more excuse for why you aren’t making your dreams come true. This is a fear that must be conquered if you truly want success and happiness. Taking the big leap into a life of happiness requires a great deal of confidence. So let’s explore the ways you can learn to overcome this fear and start taking the right kinds of risks. The first technique for breaking the fear barrier is breathing. Back in the mid-1900s, psychiatrist Fritz Perls developed Gestalt therapy, which recognized that fear is, essentially, a sort of breathless excitement. With some focused breathing, you can transform that fear into a positive and powerful excitement that can be used to make great things happen. Let’s say you’re about to take the stage for a performance or to give a speech. The common reaction to a scary situation like this is for our breath to become constricted, which only makes the fear stronger. But if you take a moment to breathe deeply, you can take control and transform the fear into the powerful energy that lets you take the stage and captivate your audience. Share this: Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Email Print Tumblr More Reddit Pinterest Pocket Like this: Like Loading... are you really prepared for the life of happiness?daily real life learningendless swamp of problemsfear is essentially a sort of breathless excitementsfear of achieving your full potentialfirst technique for breaking the fear barrier is breathingGestalt therapygkindshivaniinner resistance to happinesslearner's clubno one said life would be easypeople often resist happinesspower of controlled breathingrequires a great deal of confidenceschool teaches us a lot of thingsstart taking the right kinds of riskstaking a big leap into the life of happinessthere are no classes on how to deal with success and happinessthere's no more excuse why you aren't making your dreams come truetransform your fear into powerful energy rock the stage and captivate your audiencewhen you become the best you can bewith some focused breathing you can transform your fear into positive powerful excitements that can be used to make great things happen Search for: Follow elearnersclub on WordPress.com Enter your E-mail for free updates Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Join 808 other followers Email Address: Follow Learner’s Club Learner’s Club Recent Posts L 784 L783 Hindi Diwas L 782 L 780 L781 Archives Archives Select Month September 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 July 2020 June 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 April 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 March 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 Recent Posts: Vocab Bank Blog Convoluted Meaning: Intricately folded, twisted, or coiled (especially of an argument, story, or sentence) extremely complex and difficult to follow. Synonyms: Complicated, complex, involved, elaborate, serpentine, labyrinthine, tortuous, tangled, Byzantine. In Hindi: जटिल Use: When I fly, I prefer a direct flight not one which takes me on a convoluted journey. My head began to hurt as I […] Atonal Meaning: Not written in any key or mode. Synonyms: Discordant, harsh, loud, strident, absonant, acute, blaring, dissonant, blatant, braying, brusque, cacophonous, gruff, squawking, stertorous, unharmonious, husky. In Hindi: अतान Use: I heard a new voice floating above the atonal music. The atmosphere was filled with an eerie, atonal melody. Goodreads Recent Comments 50+ habits of Thinki… on Learning 554 50+ habits of Thinki… on Learning 556 50+ habits of Thinki… on L 740 50+ habits of Thinki… on L 782 50+ habits of Thinki… on L 772 My Tweets Learn, unlearn and relearn skills, techniques, habits and everything that is required because change is only what is constant in this world. Blog Stats 12,890 hits Connect us View gk.indshivani’s profile on Facebook View @elearnersclub’s profile on Twitter View cashivani’s profile on LinkedIn View 106886654109320772341’s profile on Google+ Recent Posts: Discover Indians Asia’s first All Women Aviation Firefighter Squad India’s first squad of Women Firefighter is not just breaking the stereotypes but proving that there is nothing impossible that woman can’t do. First in its kind in Asia, meet this squad of 14 girls creating the history, proving there is nothing a woman cannot conquer and thus inspiring millions of young girls to chase […] This 17 years old environmentalist also known as “Green Machine” is “leaving her mark (not footprints)” on this earth by her splendid actions. “We reap, what we sow” is an old proverb and the credit goes to the parents of a daughter, who is making India proud while staying abroad by leaving her marks (not footprints) on this earth through her passionate green actions. This is an inspiring story of a 17 years old girl, Arushi Madan who […] Brave 40 years old lady travels 17 kms. every day on her Scooter to save lives at Indo-Pak border. Sarabjit Kaur, 40 years old is a passionate pharmacist in Naushera Dhalla village, Amritsar serving the nation in her unique way. She is a widow and a mother of three. Completing her everyday chores she runs her dispensary with a 60 years old helper without failing treating 30 patients daily. After the Uri attacks the area is […] This genius class 9th dropout scrap dealer’s son can turn scrap / leftover tech parts into a computer. With enough practice and a good DIY guide, anyone can ‘assemble’ a computer from new parts. But Jayant Parab has fashioned it from parts salvaged from e-waste, and cut the acrylic body himself. He got the know how of repairing computers from his elder brother, who repairs computers. The 16-year-old, Jayant Parab from Mumbai is comfortable in the […] Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use.

Never sell yourself short. When Success is concerned, people are measured by the size of their thinking. Greatest human weakness is self deprecation i.e. selling oneself short. Never sell yourself short. You are bigger than you think. It’s well to know our inabilities as this shows us the areas in which we can make improvements. The only thing that counts about one’s vocabulary is the effect his words and phrases have on his own and other’s thinking. We don’t think in words and phrases. We think only in pictures and images. Words are the raw materials of thought. Big thinkers are specialist in creating positive, forward looking, optimistic pictures in their own minds and in the minds of others. To think big we must use words and phrases which produce big, positive mental images. Share this: Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Email Print Tumblr More Reddit Pinterest Pocket Like this: Like Loading... 748big thinkersdaily real life learninggkindshivanigreatest human weaknessknow thyselflearner's clubnever sell yourself shortonly thing that countssuccess measuresthe magic of thinking biguse words and phrases that creat big mental picturesyou are bigger than you think Search for: Follow elearnersclub on WordPress.com Enter your E-mail for free updates Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Join 808 other followers Email Address: Follow Learner’s Club Learner’s Club Recent Posts L 784 L783 Hindi Diwas L 782 L 780 L781 Archives Archives Select Month September 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 July 2020 June 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 April 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 March 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 Recent Posts: Vocab Bank Blog Convoluted Meaning: Intricately folded, twisted, or coiled (especially of an argument, story, or sentence) extremely complex and difficult to follow. Synonyms: Complicated, complex, involved, elaborate, serpentine, labyrinthine, tortuous, tangled, Byzantine. In Hindi: जटिल Use: When I fly, I prefer a direct flight not one which takes me on a convoluted journey. My head began to hurt as I […] Atonal Meaning: Not written in any key or mode. Synonyms: Discordant, harsh, loud, strident, absonant, acute, blaring, dissonant, blatant, braying, brusque, cacophonous, gruff, squawking, stertorous, unharmonious, husky. In Hindi: अतान Use: I heard a new voice floating above the atonal music. The atmosphere was filled with an eerie, atonal melody. Goodreads Recent Comments 50+ habits of Thinki… on Learning 554 50+ habits of Thinki… on Learning 556 50+ habits of Thinki… on L 740 50+ habits of Thinki… on L 782 50+ habits of Thinki… on L 772 My Tweets Learn, unlearn and relearn skills, techniques, habits and everything that is required because change is only what is constant in this world. Blog Stats 12,890 hits Connect us View gk.indshivani’s profile on Facebook View @elearnersclub’s profile on Twitter View cashivani’s profile on LinkedIn View 106886654109320772341’s profile on Google+ Recent Posts: Discover Indians Asia’s first All Women Aviation Firefighter Squad India’s first squad of Women Firefighter is not just breaking the stereotypes but proving that there is nothing impossible that woman can’t do. First in its kind in Asia, meet this squad of 14 girls creating the history, proving there is nothing a woman cannot conquer and thus inspiring millions of young girls to chase […] This 17 years old environmentalist also known as “Green Machine” is “leaving her mark (not footprints)” on this earth by her splendid actions. “We reap, what we sow” is an old proverb and the credit goes to the parents of a daughter, who is making India proud while staying abroad by leaving her marks (not footprints) on this earth through her passionate green actions. This is an inspiring story of a 17 years old girl, Arushi Madan who […] Brave 40 years old lady travels 17 kms. every day on her Scooter to save lives at Indo-Pak border. Sarabjit Kaur, 40 years old is a passionate pharmacist in Naushera Dhalla village, Amritsar serving the nation in her unique way. She is a widow and a mother of three. Completing her everyday chores she runs her dispensary with a 60 years old helper without failing treating 30 patients daily. After the Uri attacks the area is […] This genius class 9th dropout scrap dealer’s son can turn scrap / leftover tech parts into a computer. With enough practice and a good DIY guide, anyone can ‘assemble’ a computer from new parts. But Jayant Parab has fashioned it from parts salvaged from e-waste, and cut the acrylic body himself. He got the know how of repairing computers from his elder brother, who repairs computers. The 16-year-old, Jayant Parab from Mumbai is comfortable in the […] Blog at WordPress.com. Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use.

In other years I would have been in Birmingham this week as it was Digifest, as it happens and not entirely unexpectedly, I find myself at home staring into a webcam instead of standing on a stage and siting down in my chair to watch presentations on a screen. Not quite the same experience, but the coffee was so much better…. I was chairing a series of sessions on the Monday, which was interesting and I had to chair the Q&A, which was challenging in an online environment, as questions were often posted without the context or needed clarification, which resulted in some confusion on the part of the speakers. Wednesday I was delivering a 30 minute session on the future of digital leadership, in which I stared at my webcam. I have no idea how many people were watching the session, was it a thousand people, or was it just three people. I have blogged many times in the past about the advantages of an online conference, and of course the main one is that the coffee is so much better. I do think that this conference missed a trick by not having either a chat function, or a space to discuss the presentations. Yes some of us uses the Twitter, but it’s not quite the same (and it’s public as well). Now we've hearing about the future of leadership according to @jamesclay. Great that he appears to be presenting without any slides at all. And he's on a pier. #digifest21 — Nick Skelton (@nick_skelton) March 10, 2021 It appeared to go down well with a few comments on the Twitter. Fantastic talk and answers @jamesclay I am really inspired and motivated about what you have spoke about I need to get more involved I think – thank you for helping me realise this.#Digifest2021 #Digifest21 — Wilson Waffling (@WilsonWaffling) March 10, 2021 The thing is how would I know. It was really hard to get any kind of feedback from the audience, in the main as I couldn’t see them. Going through an old USB drive and found a funding proposal about using tools such as Jaiku and Twitter with HE students studying in FE Colleges. The proposed name of the project Mmm Coffee Which was an acronym of… MiCrO blogging For he in FE made Easy We didn’t get the funding, in case you were interested…. Tried out the transcription feature of Zoom, I love transcription “yeah yeah you know, yes, so I joined a piggy bank robber host and therefore you’re talking child” I can’t even remember now what I actually said! My top tweet this week was this one. Well not long now until I give my talk at #Digifest21 on the future of digital leadership… pic.twitter.com/a2ewKpxsfY — James Clay (@jamesclay) March 10, 2021 zoom assessment, digifest21, weeknotes A shared understanding – Weeknote #105 – 5th March 2021 March 5, 2021 James Clay Leave a comment Image by Pavlofox from Pixabay I started as Head of Higher Education at Jisc on the 1st March 2019. So I have done two years (and a bit), had three line managers, a changing role and, oh yes, a global pandemic. On Monday I had an excellent conversation with Isabel Lucas from Cumbria about the HEDG meeting I was presenting at, at the end of the week. I have been sharing internally (and externally) the draft of the Jisc HE Strategy. Image by Free-Photos from Pixabay Another post on language, this time from Wonkhe: Why what we mean by “online learning” matters. As higher education institutions plan for what will happen as we move slowly towards more students being on campus, there is continuing chatter about the form that teaching and learning will take. This includes how best to deliver it and how to communicate what this might look like. In all of this discussion, there has been a proliferation of words like “remote learning”, “digital learning”, and “hybrid learning” – and these terms have largely been taken for granted in respect to their pedagogical nuance. But if the preferred solution to the problems created by the pandemic in the first semester was “blended learning”, as we tumble through a second semester it would appear that the HE sector is beginning to settle on its next term of preference – “online learning”. We do seem to spend a lot of time discussing what we should call what we do. The article makes the point that this does matter. I disagree slightly what matters is not what it is called, but whatever it is called, we have an agreed and shared understanding of what is means for you, for me and the students. We change the term, but this doesn’t necessarily mean that we change our understanding. I recall having this discussion about the use of the term hybridthat I used in an article to mean responsive and agile, whilst someone else was using the term to describe a mixed approach. Words are important, but shared understanding actually allows us to move forward. Image by Pexels from Pixabay Wednesday I joined a panel at the Westminster Education Forum to deliver a session on the future use of technology in assessment. “The future for England’s exam system – building on best practice from the 2020 series, the role of technology and ensuring qualifications equip young people with the skills to succeed post-18” I only had five minutes, so not a huge amount of time to reflect on the challenges and possibilities. To think a year ago I would have had to travel to London by train, find the venue and then join the panel in-person. Today, I just switched on the webcam and there I was, did my presentation and then answered a few questions. I didn’t use slides, as there wasn’t always a need to use slides in these kinds of panel sessions and at an in-person event I wouldn’t have used slides. Of course at a physical in-person event they would have provided lunch, which would then give delegates an opportunity to come and chat about what I had been talking about. That didn’t happen this time. I would say that though using Twitter as a digital back channel at physical in-person events does sometimes work, but people have to be using the Twitter. At edtech events I find a fair few people are , at other kinds of events, not so much. Image by 小亭 江 from Pixabay I liked this post from the Independent: I’m tired of hearing that universities are closed – it simply isn’t true Lecturers are doing all they can during the pandemic to support the myriad different ways in which students learn It’s not as though the physical campuses are closed, they are open for those courses which require a practical element. Then again schools are not closed, they are open for the children of key workers, as well as vulnerable children, and staff are working with them and delivering remote teaching to the children at home. Yes the experience is variable across the country, even across a school, but to keep saying they are closed, doesn’t really tell the whole story. Image by Rudy and Peter Skitterians from Pixabay On Thursday I had a really good discussion with a university about digital strategy. How important it is aligned to the main university strategy, but also how it enables that strategy and other strategies as well. If you are in charge of a strategy, how does it enable others, and how do others enable yours? At the end of the week I was involved in the HEDG meeting and did a presentation on Jisc’s Learning and Teaching Reimagined programme and where Jisc is going next. It was good meeting and the presentation seemed to hit the spot. I had a planning meeting about a session we’re doing with Advance HE on digital leadership which looks like it will be a really good session. Looked at the presentation I am doing next week at Digifest on the future of digital leadership, what it is and where we are potentially going. Favourite HE story of the week was Campus capers, 1970 style from Wonkhe. Strange things sometimes happen in universities and we’ve reported plenty of them here over the years. From hauntings and strange happenings to animal action and of course true crime events on campus. But this event which recently caught my eye is one of the oddest I’ve noticed lately. It all happened just over half a century ago at Keele University. Those were turbulent times as the world transitioned out of the end of the heady 60s era into a very different decade. My top tweet this week was this one. I’m tired of hearing that universities are closed – it simply isn’t true | The Independent https://t.co/Z5h0QU98Ji — James Clay (@jamesclay) March 3, 2021 digital leadershipdigital strategyhedghybridisabel lucasleadershiponline learningstrategyuniversity of cumbria news and views on e-learning, TEL and learning stuff in general… Search for: Ad Top Posts & Pages Omicron on our doorstep, time to prepare for another lockdown Ten ways to use QR Codes "million-to-one chances happen nine times out of ten" Maybe today is the day you start wearing your mask again - Weeknote #144 – 3rd December 2021 Full Resolution Video on the PSP Recent Posts Maybe today is the day you start wearing your mask again – Weeknote #144 – 3rd December 2021 It wasn’t online learning! Omicron on our doorstep, time to prepare for another lockdown Crisp – Weeknote #143 – 26th November 2021 Looking through that digital lens Categories 100 ways alt altc2007 altc2008 altc2009 altc2010 apple app of the week assessment blog blogging coffee conference datamatters2021 e-book facebook flickr gloucestershire college google ipad iphone ipod touch jisc keynote kindle learning learning resources learning technologies m-learning mobile news nokia podcast podcasting presentation psp social networking sony stuff twitter video vle web 2.0 weeknotes youtube Tags #juneedtechchallenge 3g altc amazon android bbc becta bristol copyright coronavirus covid-19 dave foord dave white david sugden digital capabilities digital leadership e-learning ebook eeepc flash intelligent campus ipod jaiku lawrie phipps library lilian soon london microsoft mobile learning mobile phone molenet moodle news photography powerpoint presentation resources ron mitchell shozu slideshare teams umpc wifi wonkhe wordpress Archives Archives Select Month December 2021 (1) November 2021 (11) October 2021 (5) September 2021 (8) August 2021 (4) July 2021 (7) June 2021 (36) May 2021 (7) April 2021 (6) March 2021 (7) February 2021 (6) January 2021 (9) December 2020 (4) November 2020 (6) October 2020 (8) September 2020 (10) August 2020 (8) July 2020 (8) June 2020 (10) May 2020 (12) April 2020 (7) March 2020 (7) February 2020 (7) January 2020 (7) December 2019 (5) November 2019 (6) October 2019 (8) September 2019 (7) August 2019 (7) July 2019 (5) June 2019 (6) May 2019 (7) April 2019 (6) March 2019 (7) January 2019 (1) September 2018 (2) August 2018 (4) July 2018 (2) May 2018 (1) March 2018 (1) February 2018 (4) January 2018 (3) November 2017 (1) September 2017 (2) August 2017 (5) June 2017 (3) May 2017 (1) April 2017 (1) March 2017 (1) February 2017 (3) January 2017 (3) November 2016 (5) October 2016 (1) September 2016 (3) August 2016 (4) July 2016 (3) June 2016 (3) May 2016 (10) April 2016 (4) March 2016 (1) February 2016 (2) January 2016 (7) December 2015 (1) November 2015 (2) October 2015 (2) September 2015 (6) August 2015 (2) July 2015 (3) April 2015 (4) March 2015 (1) January 2015 (3) November 2014 (1) October 2014 (2) September 2014 (1) August 2014 (1) May 2014 (2) March 2014 (1) January 2014 (3) December 2013 (3) November 2013 (3) October 2013 (1) September 2013 (2) August 2013 (3) July 2013 (6) June 2013 (9) May 2013 (9) April 2013 (14) March 2013 (5) February 2013 (2) January 2013 (7) December 2012 (4) November 2012 (4) October 2012 (10) September 2012 (5) August 2012 (4) July 2012 (11) June 2012 (1) May 2012 (10) April 2012 (11) March 2012 (6) February 2012 (17) January 2012 (18) December 2011 (6) November 2011 (10) October 2011 (13) September 2011 (7) August 2011 (18) July 2011 (24) June 2011 (13) May 2011 (10) April 2011 (11) March 2011 (18) February 2011 (13) January 2011 (13) December 2010 (23) November 2010 (22) October 2010 (28) September 2010 (29) August 2010 (24) July 2010 (33) June 2010 (34) May 2010 (37) April 2010 (40) March 2010 (42) February 2010 (30) January 2010 (27) December 2009 (13) November 2009 (7) October 2009 (28) September 2009 (23) August 2009 (13) July 2009 (24) June 2009 (16) May 2009 (11) April 2009 (20) March 2009 (30) February 2009 (22) January 2009 (18) December 2008 (15) November 2008 (24) October 2008 (31) September 2008 (30) August 2008 (8) July 2008 (16) June 2008 (20) May 2008 (16) April 2008 (18) March 2008 (34) February 2008 (24) January 2008 (37) December 2007 (5) November 2007 (11) October 2007 (44) September 2007 (65) August 2007 (27) July 2007 (25) June 2007 (18) Recent Comments Maybe today is the day you start wearing your mask again - Weeknote #144 – 3rd December 2021 - eLearning Stuff on Omicron on our doorstep, time to prepare for another lockdown Maybe today is the day you start wearing your mask again - Weeknote #144 – 3rd December 2021 - eLearning Stuff on What happens now?

Your browser does not support JavaScript, or it is disabled. JavaScript must be enabled in order to view listings. Load more listings SPONSOR & POST Feature your Brand & Jobs. Sponsor the Front Page of this site for less than $50 per month. Sponsors can be featured on the Front Page, Categories, Cities & Footer. Learn How Back To Top Copyright © BusinessMVP.com All Rights Reserved! SPONSOR & POST Feature your Brand & Jobs. Sponsor the Front Page of this site for less than $50 per month. Sponsors can be featured on the Front Page, Categories, Cities & Footer. Learn How

Your browser does not support JavaScript, or it is disabled. JavaScript must be enabled in order to view listings. Load more listings SPONSOR & POST Feature your Brand & Jobs. Sponsor the Front Page of this site for less than $50 per month. Sponsors can be featured on the Front Page, Categories, Cities & Footer. Learn How Back To Top Copyright © BusinessMVP.com All Rights Reserved! SPONSOR & POST Feature your Brand & Jobs. Sponsor the Front Page of this site for less than $50 per month. Sponsors can be featured on the Front Page, Categories, Cities & Footer. Learn How

Visitors need to hold their noses on approaching Wadi Gaza. Yet it is not the strong smell – resulting from pollution – and the sight of trash that cause the biggest surprises. It is that the area is densely populated. Wadi Gaza has been recognized by the United Nations as one of the most important coastal wetlands in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin. The valley and its surrounding area have hosted a rich variety of ducks, herons, storks, raptors and flamingos. More recently, it has become one of the few areas in Gaza where people with modest incomes can afford to buy property. Suheil Mattar, a blacksmith, lived in eight different houses over a seven-year period, all of which he rented. After looking for a house to buy, he eventually found one in Wadi Gaza. Mattar bought his four-bedroom house in Wadi Gaza for $13,500, moving to the area last year. He is paying the sum in installments. An equivalently sized house or apartment – about 120 square meters – would cost $40,000 or more in central Gaza. “Everyone thought the idea of buying a house in Wadi Gaza to be crazy,” he said. “But it is better than the hell of renting in a more crowded area. The living conditions here are bad, but we have got used to them.” “Catastrophic” Coping with the odors from sewage is nonetheless a constant challenge. By buying air fresheners from local spice dealers, Mattar can sometimes block out the bad smells. Overcoming them completely has not been possible. Snakes present an even bigger problem. During his first few months living in Wadi Gaza, a snake made its way into the living room of his house, terrifying his wife and children. After that incident, Mattar built a concrete barrier outside the house. “Since then, no snakes have entered the house,” he said. Some of the estimated 16,500 residents in Wadi Gaza have to endure considerably worse conditions. For the past four years Eman al-Horany, her unemployed husband and four daughters have lived in a caravan approximately 50 meters from the valley. Aged 44, al-Horany is a Palestinian refugee who fled Syria’s civil war. Al-Horany describes Wadi Gaza as a “dirty place,” but she has not been able to find accommodation elsewhere. “We’re always sick and having health problems,” she said. “I lost my voice because of pneumonia and I struggled to find the medicine that would bring my voice back. Every night I wake up to hear my girls cough because of the bad smell.” The housing situation in Gaza has entered a “catastrophic stage,” according to Maher al-Tabaa, who heads the Gaza Chamber of Commerce. “Many areas are no longer desirable,” he said. Such areas include some of those where Israel has caused devastation during the three major offensives it has undertaken against Gaza over the past decade, as well as areas near the boundary separating Gaza from Israel. An additional problem, according to al-Tabaa, is that the refugee camps in Gaza are generally too full for major construction projects to be undertaken within them. Predictions by the UN that Gaza may not be a “livable place” by 2020 have been widely quoted. Yet many people living in Gaza already have to cope with conditions that would be viewed as intolerable in much of the world. The sewage treatment plant in Wadi Gaza has not been running properly in the past few years. The large fans that are required during the first phase of sewage treatment have been prevented from operating normally due to electricity shortages. These shortages have been imposed by Israel and, during 2017, were exacerbated when the Fatah-led Palestinian Authority in the occupied West Bank declined to pay bills for Gaza’s energy amid a row with its rival Hamas. With treatment made impossible, raw sewage has been flowing through Wadi Gaza towards the sea. Deterioration In the past, Wadi Gaza was a natural open body of water coming from Hebron in the occupied West Bank and the Naqab region of historic Palestine. Israel has mostly blocked that water, however, by constructing diversion dams that redirect the water before it reaches Gaza. The result has been that Palestinians have been deprived of water that is instead diverted to Israel. Under international law, states are forbidden from acting unilaterally to change the flow of water crossing a national border or boundary. “In the 1970s, the valley was one of the most beautiful places for tourists in Gaza,” said Abdel Rahim al-Yaqoubi, a 56-year-old shepherd who has spent more than three decades in the area. “It had white sand and fresh air.” Al-Yaqoubi is saddened by the deterioration that has occurred. “Now at the beginning of summer, the bad smell never leaves the place,” he said. “The mosquitoes and the other insects are also here all the time.”

The Return Journeys showcase Palestinian art and food. Read more about Asserting rights with poetry and paint

- Some products contain small parts. children should always be supervised while wearing our accessories. Please read all of our shop policies before making any purchase and READ shop announcement for current production times on all orders. Products are snugly packed in boxes for shipping, to protect their shape. Once received, please gently reshape. Tag photos on Instagram with @EleinaMayandCO for a chance to be featured on the page <3 *Each of our items are made to order, there may be slight variation in every headband/hair bow made. We do our best to make them picture perfect!

When a VFD is employed for starting, a smaller drive can be used. A VFD scheme can be used to start two or more motors sequentially and synchronize them to the line. Unlimited number of starts per hour are allowed. Figure 2a. Motor with Soft Starter Figure 3a. Starting Using a VFD Driven Equipment (Pumps, Compressors) Bypass Contactor Input ... Get Price How to Wire a VFD | · Learn the basic wiring of variable frequency drives / VFD with our electrician Steve Quist. In this video, we used the very popular Mitsubishi D700 series VFD, showing single phase and three phase wiring instructions. The VFDs showed in the video are the D720S (230V single phase) and the D720 (230V three phase). We strongly recommend using a certified electrician to set up your VFDs. Get Price Cycloconverter This is invaluable with, for example, ball mills, allowing starting with a full load rather than the alternative of having to start the mill with an empty barrel then progressively load it to full capacity. A fully loaded "hard start" for such equipment would essentially be applying full power to a stalled motor. Variable speed and reversing are essential to processes such as hotrolling steel ... Get Price starting of ball mill with vfd Vfd Starting Ball Mill Vfd Starting Ball Mill. Variable frequency drive VFD for Chinaware ball mill With the world facing a growing energy crisis because of limited oil reserves and carbon emissions causing global warming China is dedied to optimizing its energy management The problem of energy shortage has been badly hampering the development of the country. Get Price Ball Mill Using Vfd Drive vfd for ball mill. The difference between VFD and Soft Starter Variable Frequency Home Products Appliions Contact The difference with Soft Starter vs Variable Frequency Drive VFD is the In other case say the ball mill works at 80 load then choose the VFD the A single variable frequency drive VFD may control 2 or 3 motors at a time multiple. Electric VFD AC70Q Ball Milling Machine VFD ... Get Price Soft Starter In Industrial Appliions · Introduction to Soft Starter. An induction motor connected directly to the power supply draws a constant magnetizing current at full speed, no matter what the load is. At anything less than full load, power factor of the induction motor is less than its rated power factor because the torque producing current decreases as the load decreases, but the magnetizing current does not change. Get Price Startup current of an induction motor when using VFD ... · With VFD actualy you will have a soft start, the VFD is more sophistied device than a soft starter. If the load is a fan (VFD for HVAC?), then it's even more simple because the load is very small at low rpms, so at the start the all load is basicly the acceleration of rotor and blades inertia, you can set large ramp time slow acceleration and there will be no problems. Share. Cite ... Get Price Motor Speed Control using VFD and PLC Programming | . For VFD drive control explanation, we will use setpoint for drive from the PLC (50RPM). PID function will maintain the speed as per setting. According to set point PID will generate output and the VFD drive receives the PLC input and maintains the required motor speed. Here we are considering 420mA signal for VFD drive input (required speed ... Get Price Motor Horsepower Torque Versus VFD Frequency | Pumps ... · When the speed of an AC motor is controlled by a VFD, HP or torque will change depending on the change in frequency. Figure 1 provides a graphical illustration of these changes. The X axis is motor speed from 0 to 120 hertz. The Y axis is the percent of HP and torque. At 60 hertz (base motor speed), both HP and torque are at 100 percent. Get Price What are the Benefits of a VFD? | Wolf Automation · A VFD starts at zero speed and accelerates smoothly on a customeradjustable ramp. Conversely, an AC motor started "across the line" triggers higher mechanical shock loads both for the motor and mechanically connected load. This shock will, over time, increase the wear and tear not only on the connected load but the AC motor as well. Appliions that include easytotip product, such as ... Get Price The basics of variable frequency drive installation · Starting and stopping a motor can be done with three common methods: a motor starter, soft start or variable frequency drive (VFD). As of late, the use of a VFD is becoming more popular than ever due to its claimed efficiency benefits, but be sure it is needed. And, once specified, it must be properly installed to ensure reliable operation. To start, take a step back and be sure you need a VFD ... Get Price Which to use: Line Reactor/Load Reactor? | Wolf Automation · "In my opinion, a Load Side reactor is a decent place to start, but ultimately it will not totally protect a motor, it does help but the traditional 6 pulse style PWM wave output of a VFD will still over time traditionally do slow damage to bearings. The next place to start is with a motor that inverter duty rated, then add the AEGIS type bearing protectors that most motor manufactures offer ... Get Price ABB Drives DriveStudio is an easy to use software tool designed for use throughout a drive's life cycle from startup, monitoring, to performance tuning. DrivePM . DrivePM (Drive Parameter Manager) is a PC tool for creating and editing parameter sets of variable speed drives to be suitable for FlashDrop unit. DriveConfig . The DriveConfig kit is a new drive configuration tool for ABB component drives ... Get Price PowerFlex Medium Voltage AC Drives Synchronous transfer is used for controlled starting and speed control of multiple motors, with one drive. The drive can be used for softstarting large motors to limit inrush current or for speed control of multiple motors, one at a time, as required by your operating conditions. Synchronous transfer helps to limit the mechanical wear and tear ... Get Price What is a Soft Starter? (For Absolute Beginners) · There are quite different methods for starting an electric motor such as "Direct On Line (DOL)", "StarDelta", "Auto Transformer", "Primary Resistor", or using solidstate power electronic devices such as "VFD" or "Soft Starter". Every single method has its own specific appliions and benefits. Get Price Variable Frequency Drive or VFD | Electrical4U · In the case of conveyors and mills, a VFD and motor system can even provide a "crawl" speed foe maintenance purposes eliminating the need for additional drives. Soft Starting. When Variable Frequency Drives start large motors, the drawbacks associated with large inrush current starting current (winding stress, winding overheating and voltage dip on connected bus) is eliminated. This ... Get Price Feeds speeds in conventional milling, the chip is cut from thintothick, so by definition when the flute first comes in contact with the material, it is rubbing the surface a little before it starts actually cutting into the material. This temporary rubbing amounts to heat, so in the long run a conventional cut produces more heat, leading to faster tool wear. Climb milling, since it cuts chips from thick ... Get Price vfd to drive ball mills VFD for ball mill. III The advantages of improved ball mill The VFD start is the soft start which has avoided the startup impulse current in the working frequency Meanwhile it will protect the equipment It can operate as the set multistage PLC which is set automatically. Variable frequency AC drive VFD for Chinaware ball mill ... Get Price SMCFlex Appliion Guide Figure : Wire Draw Steel Mill Machine with Soft Start ..... 28 Figure : Overload conveyor with Linear Speed and Tack Feedback ..... 29 Figure : Ball Mill with Current Limit Start ..... 210 Chapter 3 Special Appliion Considerations Figure : Protective Module ..... 31 Figure : Power Factor Capacitors ..... 33 Figure : Power Factor Capacitors with Isolation Contactor ... Get Price Medium Voltage Drives | SINAMICS Electric Drives After installing the SINAMICS PERFECT HARMONY VFD on their ball mill appliions, the mine owners saw such improvement in their process — and profits! — that they went on to install the drive on three additional appliions as well. They expect these updates to yield similarly high levels of uptime and throughput. Download Case Study; Chillers Las Vegas Hotel Reduces Energy Use with ... Get Price 5 Rules for MotorVFD Compatibility | Industrial Knowledge ... · 1. If the Motor is preEPAct (1992), it should be run on VFDs only with careful consideration. Motors made during that time were not made for VFD use, but if they are VFD rated, will be okay. Class F insulation or higher is suitable for VFD use, but VFDs may have no more than a . Get Price How to select Soft starter? Generally, the soft starter capacity slightly larger than the motor operation current capacity, and increase a step power for some heavy loads, such as: crusher, ball mill, hoist, long belts, mixers, fans, etc. 3) Other aspects, we should consider the protection functions, such as overcurrent, over voltage, single ground fault, upper and lower phase loss, phase unbalance, phase reversal ... Get Price When do you need a soft starter for an AC motor? · A soft starter relies on three pairs of SCRs (silicon controlled rectifiers) — one pair for each phase of power — that are applied gradually for portion of each voltage phase, limiting the voltage provided to the motor. In turn, current is reduced proportionally to the reduction in voltage. Torque, however, is proportional to the square of the voltage, so even a small reduction in voltage ... Get Price What is a Variable Frequency Drive? | · A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is a type of motor controller that drives an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to the electric motor. Other names for a VFD are variable speed drive, adjustable speed drive, adjustable frequency drive, AC drive, microdrive, and inverter.. Frequency (or hertz) is directly related to the motor's speed (RPMs). Get Price What is a Soft Starter? (For Absolute Beginners) · In this video and article, you will learn what a "Soft Starter" is and how it works in an easytofollow format. There are quite different methods for starting an electric motor such as "Direct On Line (DOL)", "StarDelta", "Auto Transformer", "Primary Resistor", or using solidstate power electronic devices such as " VFD ... Get Price Ball Mill Belt Conveyor BWZ Heavy Duty Apron Feeder CS Cone Crusher Flotation Machine Hammer Crusher High-frequency Screen HJ Series Jaw Crusher HPC Cone Crusher HPT Cone Crusher HST Cone Crusher Hydraulic-driven Track Mobile Plant Hydrocyclone K Series Mobile Crushing Plant LM Vertical Grinding Mills LSX Sand Washing Machine LUM Ultrafine Vertical Roller Mill Magnetic Separation Machine Mobile Cone Crusher Mobile Impact Crusher Mobile Jaw Crusher MTM Trapezium Grinder MTW Milling Machine PE Jaw Crusher PEW Jaw Crusher PF Impact Crusher PFW Impact Crusher PY Cone Crusher Raymond Mill SCM Ultrafine Mill Spiral Classifier T130X Reinforced Ultrafine Mill Vibrating Feeder Vibrating Screen VSI Crusher VSI5X Crusher Wharf Belt Conveyor XSD Sand Washer YKN Vibrating Screen Coal Mobile Plant Crushers For Rent Screening Plants For Sale In Russia Sand Vich Mekar Vd Girell Smallest Used Crusher Europe The Mine Is Mine And Mill In Nigeria Comparison Between Raymond Mill And Ball Mill Neral Processing Symbols In South Africa Dust Sealing Arrangements In Cone Crushers Jaw Crusher Nissan Altima Surface Grinding Machine Joen Lih Message Click to leave your message Contact US 24h online service EMAIL US [email protected] Established in 1987, BIRNITH has had more than 30 years of experience in mining machine industry. So far, BIRNITH has complete R&D, production, sales and service system, becoming a prominent manufacturer in Chinese mining machine industry with the strength to compete with other well-known enterprises worldwide.

Phosphate. The major activity of RSMML is the mining of Rockphosphate ore. It operates one of the largest and fully mechanised mines in the country at Jhamarkotra, 26 Kms. from Udaipur and Kanpur Group of Mines loed 15 Kms. from Udaipur. In India the economy being predominantly based on agriculture, the fertiliser production plays a pivotal ... Get Price low grade rock phosphate beneficiation process TON low grade rock phosphate beneficiation process TON (PDF) Beneficiation of LowGrade Phosphate Deposits by a Phosphate as fertilizer is so essential for agriculture plants growth. Most of the phosphate resources cannot be directly treated due to the low grade of P2O5 and [randpi Get Price how to make money in mineral beneficiation Beneficiation Of Phosphate Ore Jhamarkotra. Udaipurs Water Threatened By Indias Largest Reserve Of. Jhamarkotras pollution extends to Udaipur The deep excavation to extract phosphate results in colossal amounts of waste In fact the ratio of waste overburden to phosphate ore extracted in Jhamarkotra is close to 19 times Also groundwater is ... Get Price Mining And Beneficiation Of Rock Phosphate Mining And Beneficiation Of Rock Phosphate. Patent WOA1Beneficiation of phosphate rock Beneficiation of Phosphate Rock for the segregation of phosphorus containing ecofriendly and cost effective iv This process of beneficiation of PR ore isGet Price Rock Phosphate Beneficiation Process Cost 2011 Feed Back Uranium Mining OverviewWorld Nuclear Association Get Price NIOSHTIC2 Publiions Search As part of its program to increase the domestic availability of critical minerals, the Bureau of Mines conducted characterization and beneficiation studies on a St. Johns County, Florida, phosphate ore that was mined by borehole mining. Results revealed that the ore from this test mine was mostly sandsize carbonatefluorapatite and quartz and contained percent p2o5. Get Price ore beneficiation process Phosphate Beneficiation Florida Institute of Phosphate Research Phosphate Beneficiation Background. Definition of " Beneficiation ": This is the second step in the mining process, after removal of the ore from the ground. Get Price equipment list beneficiation phodsphate mine Beneficiation Of Phosphate Ore Jhamarkotra. Beneficiation of phosphate ore is a process which includes washing flotation and calcining Froth flotation is used to concentrate the mined ore to rock phosphate The mined ore is crushed and washed creating a slurry this ore slurry is then treated with fatty acids to cause calcium phosphate . Get Price beneficiation of phosphate ore jhamarkotra RSMML Beneficiation at Rockphosphate, Jhamarkotra . Large scale mining and processing of phosphate is essential for operating at a profit. In the Florida area, Phosphate Beneficiation by flotation unlocked the door to vast tonnages of ore which in the past could not be recovered by conventional washing methods which saved only the coarser pebble phosphate. Get Price Iran Beneficiation Phosphate Incorporated Beneficiation Of Phosphate Ore Jhamarkotra – RSMML – Beneficiation At Rockphosphate, Jhamarkotra Mines. Beneficiation: Looking To The Scarce Rock Phosphate Resources In India, RSMML Has Put Continuous Effort ... Get Price Electrostatic Beneficiation of Phosphate Ores: Review of ... Abstract. Beneficiation of phosphate ores by dry electrostatic processes has been attempted by various researchers since the 1940's. The underlying reasons for developing dry processes for phosphate recovery are the limited amount of water in some arid regions, the flotation chemical costs, and the wastewater treatment costs. Get Price Adhesion abilities and biosorption of Cd and Mg by ... Sep 10, 2019 · The following values for the number of bacteria that can bind onto 1 g of ore were estimated: pH 10 ~ × 10 10 cells/1 g ore; pH 7 ~ × 10 10 cells/1 g . Get Price Beneficiation of a Sedimentary Phosphate Ore by a ... In China, directreverse flotation is proved to be applicable to most phosphate ores. However, because the ratio of froth product is generally high, current directreverse technology faces challenges in terms of high reagent consumptions and cost. A new gravity and flotation combined process has been developed for the recovery of collophanite from sedimentary phosphate ore from the ... Get Price [PDF] Beneficiation Of Phosphate Ore Free Download Full Books Beneficiation of Phosphate Ore examines various methods for processing phosphate rock, an important mineral commodity used in the production of phosphoric acid. The majority of phosphoric acid is produced by the wet process, in which phosphate rock is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric acid and gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate). Get Price beneficiation plant rajasthan Mar 13, 2021 · Beneficiation plant for beneficiation of Low Grade Rock Phosphate. Jhamarkotra Integrated Project is situated 26 km South East of Udaipur, Rajasthan near village Jhamarkotra, Tehsil Girwa in . Get More Get Price Beneficiation Plant Definition | Law Insider Udaipur and copy to authorized representative at the Plant Manager, Industrial Beneficiation Plant, Jhamarkotra Mines313015 Distt. The rock phosphate concentrate is produced from the processing of low grade ore in the main process plant in the form of powder at Industrial Beneficiation Plant at Jhamarkotra Mines; district Udaipur in the state ... Get Price Pushpendra Gaur Rockphosphate Mine Jhamarkotra. Apr 2010 Present11 years 4 months. Presently associated with the mining contracts department engaged in. execution of the mining contracts engaged for excavation of rock phosphate. ore and removal of overburden. Get Price Economics of Exploitation Phosphate Ore Wastes Jul 01, 2018 · During the beneficiation of phosphate ores, huge amounts of oversize phosphate ores are rejected from crushers. This reject mostly contains low P 2 O 5 content and high gangue content. Phosphates are vital nonrenewable resources. The treatment of phosphate ore wastes of ElNasr Mining Company, Sepaeya, Egypt aims to upgrade P >2O5 percent, adds a . Get Price (PDF) Soap Flotation of Dolomite Low grade phosphate ore of Jhamarkotra that analyses % P2O5 is upgraded to 34% P2O5 by a two stage flotation process after size reducing the ore to 90% passing through 200mesh using ... Get Price Mining companies in India | Win Green Mining ,smelting,beneficiation. rajasthan state mines and minerals rajasthan state mines and minerals (rsmml) is in the list of rajasthan's top government mine focuses on specific minerals like lignite,phosphate,gypsum and limestone. rsmml main area is jhamarkotra for rock phosphate ore. gujarat mineral development corporation Get Price Beneficiation Of Phosphate Ore J Starting the Essay with a Hook: Hooks for Essay Introduction Beneficiation Of Phosphate Ore J When you get the task to write an essay, professors expect you to follow the specifics of that type of essay. However, regardless of the essay type or the specific requirements of your instructor, each essay should start with a hook. Get Price rock phosphate ore beneficiation plant sale rock phosphate ore beneficiation plant sale RSMML Beneficiation at Rockphosphate, Jhamarkotra Mines. From reserves conservation point of view RSMML has put up a beneficiation plant for processing of 9 Lacs MT of lowgrade ore per annum. Get Price Ball Mill Belt Conveyor BWZ Heavy Duty Apron Feeder CS Cone Crusher Flotation Machine Hammer Crusher High-frequency Screen HJ Series Jaw Crusher HPC Cone Crusher HPT Cone Crusher HST Cone Crusher Hydraulic-driven Track Mobile Plant Hydrocyclone K Series Mobile Crushing Plant LM Vertical Grinding Mills LSX Sand Washing Machine LUM Ultrafine Vertical Roller Mill Magnetic Separation Machine Mobile Cone Crusher Mobile Impact Crusher Mobile Jaw Crusher MTM Trapezium Grinder MTW Milling Machine PE Jaw Crusher PEW Jaw Crusher PF Impact Crusher PFW Impact Crusher PY Cone Crusher Raymond Mill SCM Ultrafine Mill Spiral Classifier T130X Reinforced Ultrafine Mill Vibrating Feeder Vibrating Screen VSI Crusher VSI5X Crusher Wharf Belt Conveyor XSD Sand Washer YKN Vibrating Screen Hammer Mills Fabriors In Bangalore Flowchart Grinding Mill Indonesia New Iron Ore Processing Plant In Chile Ballast Crusher Machine Manufacturer Hot Sale Sand Making Roll Crusher Double Roller Crushing Machines Ore Grinding Mill Suppliers Crusher Loan Msme Project E Tec Robotrack Screens And Crushers Mills For Making In Limestone Best Pulverisers Manufacturers In Togo Message Click to leave your message Contact US 24h online service EMAIL US [email protected] Established in 1987, BIRNITH has had more than 30 years of experience in mining machine industry. So far, BIRNITH has complete R&D, production, sales and service system, becoming a prominent manufacturer in Chinese mining machine industry with the strength to compete with other well-known enterprises worldwide.

A desktop version of Elektronika’s MK-36, the MK-45 lacks the combined function F key and instead has all functions in separate key blocks. This microcalculator was produced from 1983 by Eltav (Dagestan) and Electronpribor (Fryazino, Moscow Region) and sold for RUB 85. The scale on the monitor: 1:1 The case design is the same as the Elektronika MK-44, but the number of keys highlights the difference between the two models. The device has a vacuum fluorescent display with 14 digits, two of which are always idle. The intent here was to allow the producer to use the existing tried and tested display. Essentially an engineering calculator, it has separate keys for the Pi number, operations with parentheses and brackets, calculating trigonometric functions and logarithms, and converting degrees into radians and back. These functions were a great help in engineering calculations.

Shown in “Africana: Recycling, Myth-making, Alterity” curated by Turf Projects @ Cutlog, New York, Usa, 2013 These are photographic postcards I bought from a collector of classical art from Africa he described as Tribal art. They are from the colonial time ranging from 1890s to 1940s. I felt an urge to give a new story line to these postcards by altering them, thereby reappropriating them and revealing an ‘apparition of the inapparent’ (Derrida) of ‘different moving perspectives’ (Achebe). Like many of my generation and of European heritage I feel we inherited a colonial past I totally abhor and by morphing and transforming some of the image regime that mediated and even generated a reproduction of inequality, I was exorcising the ghosts of the past, discovering our own complicit position within the image system, while creating a new awareness. Through an aesthetic intervention and transformation of their captions I offer a different gaze, which I feel relates a diverse narrative that challenges the system of power in photographs and archival material. Original Photographs with Applied Copper, Gold and Silver leaves, White and Luster Paints, Coloured Cotton Hand-Stitches

JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. We use cookies to make your experience better. To comply with the new e-Privacy directive, we need to ask for your consent to set the cookies. Learn more.

Title of program: SPHBES Catalogue Id: ACXM_v1_0 Nature of problem The spherical Bessel function appears in a variety of physical applications, and especially in phase shift analysis. The package SPHBES contains a subroutine to calculate jn(x) and yn(x) for any integer order n and real argument x. The functions jn(x) and yn(x) are produced simultaneously and efficiently. Versions of this program held in the CPC repository in Mendeley Data ACXM_v1_0; SPHBES; 10.1016/0010-4655(78)90019-X This program has been imported from the CPC Program Library held at Queen's University Belfast (1969-2019)

Romania: Code Orange and Yellow flood alert issued for 10 river basins till Saturday afternoon Deadly 'suicide bomb' outside Turkish police station US Ambassador James Warlick not to finish mandate, to be replaced by Marcie B. Ries Standard & Poor's downgrades 5 Spanish banks German soldiers remain in Kosovo for another year Putin and Nikolic to meet Saturday at UR congress Markovic opens Book Fair in Thessaloniki, visits Hilandar Average April salary RSD 42,215 NBS intervention slows down drop of dinar RSS Homepage News EMGplus Ekonference Homepage News Serbia (30. 01. 2009.) "Indonesia does not plan to recognize Kosovo" SERBIA SERBIA - ELECTIONS 2012 REGION WORLD PREVIOUS ARTICLE SEND BY E-MAIL PRINT NEXT ARTICLE "Indonesia does not plan to recognize Kosovo" 30. January 2009. | 15:32 15:33 Source: EMportal, Tanjug The Indonesian ambassador evaluated that the setting up of the Kosovo Security Force was unnecessary from the point of view of security in the province, and qualified the act as a political move aimed at the establishment of Kosovo as a state. Indonesian Ambassador to Serbia Mohammad Abduh Dalimunthe told Tanjug on Thursday that his country backed Serbia's sovereignty and territorial integrity and that it did not plan to recognize the independence of Kosovo, assessing that the formation of the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) had been unnecessary. We have not changed our position and we back UN Security Council Resolution 1244 which guarantees the territorial integrity of Serbia, and we hold that in order to resolve the Kosovo issue, it is necessary to negotiate a peaceful solution which will be acceptable for both sides, Dalimunthe said. The Indonesian ambassador evaluated that the setting up of the Kosovo Security Force was unnecessary from the point of view of security in the province, and qualified the act as a political move aimed at the establishment of Kosovo as a state. It is obvious that the goal was that Kosovo be given all the characteristics of a state, he added. In terms of security, this (KSF) is unnecessary, because we already have UNMIK, KFOR and EULEX operating in Kosovo, which can provide all possible guarantees in respect of security, Dalimunthe underlined. The ambassador reiterated that Indonesia was acquainted with the latest initative of Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremic that the countries which had not recognized Kosovo independence presented their position on the declaration of independence of the southern Serbian province to the International Court of Justice, and added that Jakarta was considering the Serbian proposal. Share: Del.icio.us Digg My Web Facebook Newsvine PREVIOUS ARTICLE SEND BY E-MAIL PRINT NEXT ARTICLE Comments (0) WRITE COMMENT LATEST RECOMMENDED Enter text: << 21. May - 27. May 2012. >> MON 21TUE 22WED 23THU 24FRI 25SAT 26SUN 27 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Milo Djukanovic steps down IKEA to build two huge commercial objects in Nis Dinar down 94 paras against euro Montenegro: Earthquake hit Pluzine Memorandum signed for better cooperation of border police Albanian prosecution: We did not obstruct investigation MPs included in negotiations to form Kosovo government S. Kellock: Kouchner must have known about crimes in Kosovo Albania's Basha denies involvement in "Yellow House" investigations FYROM: Entrepreneurs of the year 2010 announced at ceremony Special weekend air offers by OA EULEX asks Marty to provide evidence Mufti Zukorlic warns "Sandzak becoming "a new Kosovo" Serbia to crack down on piracy Ljajic: EULEX must take responsibility for organ trafficking Serbia has long tradition, continuity in efficient fight against terrorism Romania: Budget deficit increases to 5.2 percent at November end FYROM: Gasoline, diesel prices rise FYROM: Electricity prices to rise by 6,36% Europe's airlines, travellers suffer in snow, ice Greek trade unions' protests on Wednesday Greece: Public transport strikes to continue all week Half of Bulgarians say economic conditions still worsening - poll S&P upholds Bulgaria's BBB/A-3 ratings BiH: Sovereign credit ratings, outlook stable At least nine killed, 25 injured in northwest Venezuela traffic accident 2011 budget to be discussed Wednesday 12 people arrested in counter-terrorist raid in UK Serbian Army officers leave for Lebanon Djukanovic to announce his stepping down Tuesday Liberalization of oil derivatives prices as of January Memorandum on border police cooperation at airports of MARRI Member States to be signed Meeting on Serbia’s CERN associate membership International film, music festival Küstendorf to be held in January Jeremic on one-day visit to Luxembourg BELEX TICKER AGBN 7.296 1,50% AIKB 3.391 -2,53% AIKBPB 1.348 0,67% ALFA 8.000 1,21% BIPB 37 -7,50% BMBI 17.000 6,20% DINNPB 2.309 0,83% ENHL 902 -0,88% FITO 6.600 -0,75% GLOS 410 0,00% IMLK 2.093 -6,14% JESV 6.500 1,40% JMBN 14.168 -0,23% KMBN 28.000 6,94% KMBNPB 10.231 1,29% MTLC 2.100 0,00% NIIS 480 0,00% NPRD 3.500 0,00% PRBN 620 2,48% PRGS 111 -2,63% SJPT 873 -0,68% TGAS 5.652 0,93% TIGR 687 1,03% TLFN 1.145 9,05% VITL 875 3,55% VZAS 609 -1,46% RSS Homepage News EMGplus Stock exchange Ekonference Homepage News World (19. 12. 2010.) Britain, France, Germany demand EU budget freeze SERBIA REGION WORLD PREVIOUS ARTICLE SEND BY E-MAIL PRINT NEXT ARTICLE Britain, France, Germany demand EU budget freeze 19. December 2010. | 08:34 Source: EUbusiness.com Three of the European Union's big four states on Saturday demanded a freeze in the EU budget, saying Brussels could not carry on spending more money as countries fight to sort their finances out. Three of the European Union's big four states on Saturday demanded a freeze in the EU budget, saying Brussels could not carry on spending more money as countries fight to sort their finances out. Britain, France and Germany, backed up by Finland and the Netherlands, told European Commission president Jose Manuel Barroso there should be a real terms freeze at 2013 levels, as the EU next year begins negotiations for the 2014-2020 period. The letter, signed by British Prime Minister David Cameron, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy, along with Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte and his Finnish counterpart Mari Kiviniemi, was released here by Cameron's Downing Street office. The leaders said the next EU spending round would come as states in the 27-member bloc made "extraordinary efforts to clean up public finances", bringing down debts and deficits to a sustainable level. The EU finances "cannot be exempt" from such attempts to bring public spending "under control". "Consistent with this, the commitment appropriations over the next multiannual financial framework should not exceed the 2013 level with a growth rate below the rate of inflation," the letter said, meaning a real terms freeze. "It is possible to implement ambitious European policies for our citizens if we have a stable volume of spending," the leaders said. "This calls for a better use of available funds. The challenge for the European Union in the coming years will not be to spend more, but to spend better." Share: Del.icio.us Digg My Web Facebook Newsvine PREVIOUS ARTICLE SEND BY E-MAIL PRINT NEXT ARTICLE Comments (0) WRITE COMMENT LATEST RECOMMENDED Enter text: << 20. December - 26. December 2010. >> MON 20TUE 21WED 22THU 23FRI 24SAT 25SUN 26 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Each Mind Matters is California’s Mental Health Movement. We are millions of individuals and thousands of organizations working to advance mental health. Browse our initiatives, collections and resources to find tools you can use to improve mental health and equality in your community, prevent suicide and promote student mental health.

EMPLOYERS BEWARE | Proper Understanding and Management of the Payroll Tax Deferral Is Critical for Businesses - Employer Advantage 877-735-5080 Schedule A Consultation Solutions Payroll HR Management HR Management Compliance Training Health & Benefits Health & Benefits Group Health Insurance Other Benefits Risk Management Risk Management Unemployment Claims Workers’ Compensation Workplace Safety Workplace Safety Training HR Technology HR Technology Timekeeping Why Employer Advantage About Us Our Values Advantage of a PEO Onboarding FAQs Resources Articles & Blogs News Releases Whitepapers Case Studies COVID-19 Login Schedule A Consultation Solutions Payroll HR Management HR Management Compliance Training Health & Benefits Health & Benefits Group Health Insurance Other Benefits Risk Management Risk Management Unemployment Claims Workers’ Compensation Workplace Safety Workplace Safety Training HR Technology HR Technology Timekeeping Why Employer Advantage About Us Our Values Advantage of a PEO Onboarding FAQs Resources Articles & Blogs News Releases Whitepapers Case Studies COVID-19 Login EMPLOYERS BEWARE | Proper Understanding and Management of the Payroll Tax Deferral Is Critical for Businesses Sep 14, 2020 | Blog By Lee Allphin, Employer Advantage Founder and Chairman of the Board Employer Advantage is sharing important information to guide our clients during the Coronavirus pandemic. Please contact us if you would like assistance with any of your Employee Administration and Compliance responsibilities: Info@EmployerAdvantage.com | 800.467.3909 In the absence of any new Coronavirus aid legislation, on September 1, 2020, President Trump’s Executive Order went into effect. This means employers may suspend the withholding of the 6.2% Social Security payroll tax, normally deducted from an employee’s paycheck, for employees earning less than $104,000 per year, from wages paid during September through December 2020. SNAPSHOT Payroll Tax Deferral Period: September 1, 2020, through December 31, 2020. Deadline: Employers must decide before the end of September 2020 if they will participate. Participation: Employers elect whether or not to participate. Commitment: An employer that makes the election to defer payroll taxes is locked in through the end of December 2020. Is the Payroll Tax Deferral a Trojan Horse or True Relief? The Payroll Tax Deferral is simply that: a deferral, and not forgiveness. This means that any taxes deferred from employee paychecks in 2020 will have to be reimbursed, by the employee, in 2021. This will mean a doubling of employees’ first quarter payroll tax payments. Other potential negative implications for employers are even more complicated. To understand the significance, we need to review FICA. It stands for the Federal Insurance Contributions Act and is the Social Security Tax deducted from each paycheck. A Social Security number accurately records covered wages, which determine what an employee receives at retirement. As someone works, FICA taxes are matched by the employer. For each $1000 of gross pay, an employer sends $124 for FICA to the federal government: $62 from the employee and $62 from the employer. Since the employer is the tax collector, it guarantees the government will receive payment whether or not the tax is collected from employees in 2020. Employers are responsible for withholding and paying any deferred taxes next year. Specifically, employers “must withhold and pay the total Applicable Taxes that the [employer] deferred under this notice ratably from wages and compensation paid between January 1, 2021 and April 30, 2021 or interest, penalties, and additions to tax will begin to accrue on May 1, 2021, with respect to any unpaid Applicable Taxes.” The deferral does not apply to the employer matching FICA. The employer still pays their $62. To simplify even further, the employer is loaning $62 for every $1,000 of gross wages to the employee for the next four months. Then the employee must repay the loan during the first four months of 2021 in addition to paying the taxes due then. In other terms, for January, February, March, and April, the amount withheld will be double, or $124, to keep taxes current and repay the loan. A bright spot for employers is the Executive Order does not provide a right for employees to demand that an employer participate in the deferral. If the employee leaves employment before paying the taxes, the employer must pay the tax. The employer may make arrangements to collect the unpaid tax from the employee (possibly from the last paycheck), but this may present a financial hardship, which could result in the employer not being able to collect the unpaid tax from the employee. Bottom line, whether the employer can collect the unpaid tax from the employee or not, the employer must pay the tax. Fortunately, an employer has the choice to participate or not in the tax deferral. Understanding all the variables will undoubtedly aid companies in making a decision and managing the path they choose in a way that will best serve their employees and their businesses. See our other helpful Blogs for All Employers Not currently an Employer Advantage client? WE’D BE HONORED TO PROVIDE YOU WITH A NEW PATH TO HR BLISS. We don’t just give quotes—We provide strategic business proposals. -Free strategic assessment of your business needs -Quick and easy account setup and seamless transitions -Urgent Requests | Please Call: Toll Free 800.467.3909 About Employer Advantage A New Path to HR Bliss – Trusted for more than 30 years, Employer Advantage frees you from the administrative and compliance burdens of having employees so you can focus on your business success. Versatile enough for companies of all sizes, our unique service combines comprehensive management of your employee administration and compliance with the latest software solutions, tailored to meet your individual needs and company culture. Our full-service management of HR, payroll, health and benefits, workplace safety, and more, enhances your profitability while reducing the costs and risks associated with employment law compliance. We provide your employees with top-notch assistance and benefits that help you increase productivity, save time and money, and attract and retain a talented workforce. And for small and mid-sized businesses, we bring you economy of scale with access to Fortune-500-level benefits, specialty assistance, and savings that would not be possible to attain on your own. Headquartered in the Midwest and serving more than 400 companies and 10,000 worksite employees throughout the country, Employer Advantage is an IRS-Certified Professional Employer Organization (PEO) (C-PEO). Experienced, certified, and trusted. www.EmployerAdvantage.com Search for: Categories Blog (86) Case Studies (7) News (15) Videos (1) See If We’re a Match! Interested in learning if we could the right answer for your company? Let’s have a simple conversation to see if we’re a fit!

As we all know, Gw2 is a very heavy PvE based kind of game, but also have a pretty decent PvP aspect of it, weither its SPvP, WvW or even GvG, though my question regards a youtube video I have seen that seems to circle around the idea that Gw2 currently is falling, and therefor needs more content that regards PvE (Raids, Fractals, Dungeons etc). Based on personal thoughts, I would suggest that the main income/players would come from PvP, Gw2 got a very original PvP structure of being able to have a 60vs60 fight without totally disrupting a computer. Or even interesting 15v15 guild vs guild fights that do bring a lot of people to twitch. This comes of cause out of the core principle of competition, and also the massive flow on sites like twitch/youtube that attracts PvP rather than PvE players. But either way, I can not argue that PvE does not create a massive flow of players through different aspects like gem store/mounts So the question to the normal forum writer is presented as, what do you think will make players come to Gw2, and why? I generally would guess the main aspect of comments would center around PvE being a better for people to come in, since as mentioned previously, the game got a very strong PvE aspect.But I am kinda biased towards PvP, studying economics and peoples behavior buying and also kinda intrigued as to what the normal consumer would suggest. In advance, thank you for answering Link to post Share on other sites Dante.1763 Posted September 23, 2018 Dante.1763 Members 4,059 posts Share Posted September 23, 2018 @zengara.8301 said: As we all know, Gw2 is a very heavy PvE based kind of game, but also have a pretty decent PvP aspect of it, weither its SPvP, WvW or even GvG, though my question regards a youtube video I have seen that seems to circle around the idea that Gw2 currently is falling, and therefor needs more content that regards PvE (Raids, Fractals, Dungeons etc). Gw2 has been a dying game since it launched because it never had the population WoW Had. @zengara.8301 said: Based on personal thoughts, I would suggest that the main income/players would come from PvP, Gw2 got a very original PvP structure of being able to have a 60vs60 fight without totally disrupting a computer. Or even interesting 15v15 guild vs guild fights that do bring a lot of people to twitch. This comes of cause out of the core principle of competition, and also the massive flow on sites like twitch/youtube that attracts PvP rather than PvE players. But either way, I can not argue that PvE does not create a massive flow of players through different aspects like gem store/mounts Is this an opinion, or a suggestion saying that PVP players spend more than regular PVE players? Because im pretty sure ive spent more on skins, makeover kits and name change kits for RP than most pvpers do. @zengara.8301 said:So the question to the normal forum writer is presented as, what do you think will make players come to Gw2, and why? From what ive seen people come to GW2 because its advertised as not being like most MMOs, its not as toxic in general PVE, and very easy to pick up and stop playing whenever, on top of not having monthly fees, constantly added content, and generally looking better than most other MMOS. @zengara.8301 said: I generally would guess the main aspect of comments would center around PvE being a better for people to come in, since as mentioned previously, the game got a very strong PvE aspect.But I am kinda biased towards PvP, studying economics and peoples behavior buying and also kinda intrigued as to what the normal consumer would suggest. In advance, thank you for answering PVP in this game is probably one of the worst aspects of the game at the moment due to terrible balancing, lack of maps, lack of game modes and overall toxicity(in my opinion.) Link to post Share on other sites zengara.8301 Posted September 23, 2018 zengara.8301 Members 211 posts Author Share Posted September 23, 2018 Well I should have explained the second box more carefully. What I meant was, Twitch/youtube generally promotes PvP games better, therefor the income of players would maybe be higher through PvP. I would still very much like to hear your opinion regarding the question: So the question to the normal forum writer is presented as, what do you think will make players come to Gw2, and why? Link to post Share on other sites IndigoSundown.5419 Posted September 24, 2018 IndigoSundown.5419 Members 1,627 posts Share Posted September 24, 2018 @zengara.8301 said: So the question to the normal forum writer is presented as, what do you think will make players come to Gw2, and why? I suspect that players come to GW2 for a variety of reasons, though I suspect open world PvE and story are a stronger draw than either harder instanced PvE content or PvP. I base the PvP part of that on anecdotal evidence, including the abandonment of GW2 by my predominantly PvP-oriented guild way back in late 2012, coupled with what seems to be close to a forum consensus that the two PvP modes suffer from neglect and are underutilized as a result. I base the observation on instanced PvE on claims that ANet does not provide enough for such players -- though that is usually the case for any MMO I've bothered to look at. I also suspect that anyone making a video to lambaste GW2 about instanced PvE is making an assumption that that type of content is the only worthy MMO PvE content, which is not a view shared by ANet. Link to post Share on other sites Rhyse.8179 Posted September 24, 2018 Rhyse.8179 Members 485 posts Share Posted September 24, 2018 PVP in this game is comically bad. This is ironic, since it was originally intended to be esports level gameplay, but it was never anywhere close. In fact, even muttering the phrase "esports" and "GW2" in the same sentence results in a gaggle of cackling imps chittering from the shadows that you should really try Overwatch instead. Why? Balance is bad. Really bad. Comically, ridiculously bad. It was never good, but it's the worst it's ever been. Core gameplay mechanics undermine good PVP. PVP gameplay should have a certain "skill cycle" to it - assess opponent, counter opponent, repeat. The better opponent wins. In GW2 though, the counterplay is very limited. Dodges are a universal counter to absolutely everything; condi cleanse is a universal counter to every debuff and CC in the game. No matter what you do, those are the two counters. As a result, rather then assessing and countering your opponent's specific move, you just count dodges. Choice is limited. With only 5 weapons skills, many of them combine effects. Do you want to cripple the enemy or leap towards them? No worries! You can do both at once! In fact, you can do dps at the same time. In fact, you can do it all without even having to choose to do it because it's part of your autoattack! This is the real source of the dreaded "condi spam" - you couldn't stop spamming conditions if you tried. A lot of CC effects are in the same boat. The whole game is spam-tacularly full of things that should be a deliberate choice, but are really just incidental parts of doing DPS. You just can't SEE. The visual noise is insane. This applies to all parts of the game, but in PVP it undermines everything. Since PVP hinges on dodging just the right move with split second timing, if you can't see the target because spell effects or floating numbers are in the way, you die. The inexcusable absence of UI customization makes this even worse. Most new players I've actually talked to try pvp once and never again, "I couldn't even tell what was happening, I just ended up dead." Honestly, this is the biggest killer of PVP since it convinces people there is no hope for improvement and thus they never try. In short, I completely understand why Anet has been ignoring PVP for so long. It really can't be fixed without redesigning the game from scratch. Link to post Share on other sites starlinvf.1358 Posted September 24, 2018 starlinvf.1358 Members 2,047 posts Share Posted September 24, 2018 Using streamers as a litmus test is already kind of bias'd, because they're hugely dependent on chasing trends and commenting on controversy. Its essentially a side effect of being an entertainment outlet governed by popularity and public consciousness. But the overarching question of "what do you think will make players come to Gw2" is the wrong the question. Not because its not relevant... its just not conductive to its own goal. This is kind of an industry wide problem created by a lot of people, including developers, that don't really recognize the fact that catering to an audience isn't a long term solution when you look at what most audiences are like. In fact, the F2P trend of chasing the Green Whale like Captain Ahab lets it survive, but often fails to thrive. Even the Holy Grail of MMOs, World of Warcraft, is now struggling to keep its population engaged in the long term, to the point where its starting to threaten the game's god defying profitability. But the fallacy train doesn't stop there. This idea that streamers bring in lots of money is something of a double edged sword. Like any tide of popularity, they come and go.... and trying to attract them with significant focus causes it to wash up some some valuable resources, but also a lot of salty garbage that piles up over time. That strategy is inherently a gamble, because its banking on the idea that maybe, just maybe, some of those players will stick around for the long term and keep giving you money. This may come to a shock to many- but many of the best games in history are not good because they're popular, they're popular because their good games. But the real struggle comes with games that need retention to stay relevant. It used to be every few years a new version of the game would come out, and everyone could gather to celebrate with renewed gusto. But with yearly sequels that come out with increasing speed and less game play value, the proverbial well that sustains many games gets poisoned by a flood of sewage being dumped into the pool. So the point I'm trying to make here is this..... Anet needs to focus on each game mode to improve them; but lacks the resources, time, and total direction needed to make it happen. This has created the current round robin scheduling where each area of the game gets a short burst of focus, but individually each area suffers from atrophy as they fall behind or lose compatibility with other changes in the meantime. This in turn leads to the game's biggest problem with decision making right now- improving PvP and WvW can do a lot to extend the working life of mechanics, and can draw PvE players into a more community focused side of the game. But PvE players are so isolationist right now, the very suggestion of having to interact with another player to accomplish anything causes their entire world view to implode, and will lash out with an intense paranoia that is nothing short of surprising. With the number of MMOs going open world PvP, and done poorly at that, its understandable why they cling so hard to something that they feel comfortable in. But the levels of this are becoming toxic (in the figurative sense, not the social sense) to the game's design, because it was never intended to have this much focus on conventional PvE. Thus GW2 is suffering all the major problems WoW has on its PvE side, but can't facilitate enough of the design concepts that WoW used to mitigate it. GW2 players have also become incredibly spoiled and entitled, and are now in-fighting over whose entitlement is more important, and should be the Dev's exclusive focus. Normally the solution is to make a good game, and players will naturally gravitate toward it. But whats rarely brought up is how there is a band of stability between mainstream and niche that most "seminal games" actually fall into.... and theres a reason for this. Niche titles tend to have focus on a core concept. And if capable of being built up on, the game can grow up to a certain amount without destabilizing itself. Most MMORPGs are the antithesis of this..... they're long lived, typically built with a lot of interconnected elements that gain more interdependence over time, have a complexity that make them difficult to maintain, and have a design that, once settled, is incredibly hard to alter or expand upon in new directions. GW2 was built around a minimalist design in its mechanics.... and the piling of additional mechanics on top of it is creating all sorts of problems. Theres a reason most Espec specific Buffs were reverted to Boons, and how universally flexible Espec mechanics are potentially game breaking to a balance philosophy thats become increasingly focused on narrow specialization. And while the Devs have been careful to not create disruption, they lack the things needed to rapidly refine these ideas in a time span that matters in the mind of the player base. Things like iteration rate, testing, asset production, encounter planning and production, etc. Too many players want too many mutually exclusive things..... hence the question "what do you think will make players come to Gw2?" is the wrong question to be asking. I can list off a bunch of things that will attract players to the game, but aren't likely to make the game or the community better. Housing being one of the big hot topics at the moment..... we can add it, and it will attract players that like housing..... but what impact will it have on the game, the community, and aggregate bias of "the community" if we're gonna insist on thinking of it as a logical, knowable, and consistent entity. Because those things will affect the Dev's focus, as they need to ensure a minimum income just to keep running. Link to post Share on other sites Ashikuro.1920 Posted September 24, 2018 Ashikuro.1920 Members 11 posts Share Posted September 24, 2018 A ton of people are coming to GW2 now because WoW is pure trash at the moment... I came back and so did several of my friends. Link to post Share on other sites Obtena.7952 Posted September 24, 2018 Obtena.7952 Members 9,287 posts Share Posted September 24, 2018 @zengara.8301 said:Well I should have explained the second box more carefully. What I meant was, Twitch/youtube generally promotes PvP games better, therefor the income of players would maybe be higher through PvP. I would still very much like to hear your opinion regarding the question: So the question to the normal forum writer is presented as, what do you think will make players come to Gw2, and why? I think it's the quality of the game you get access to without a monthly sub that makes this a premiere game. There are other games that offer high quality content, but I don't think they do it at the value Anet offers us with this game. I'm doubtful people sign up for GW2 because of PVP ... I think other games do it better and the exceptional PVP'ers that want ONLY that experience can do better than GW2. Link to post Share on other sites sokeenoppa.5384 Posted September 24, 2018 sokeenoppa.5384 Members 1,237 posts Share Posted September 24, 2018 Well most of the new players these days join in tyria when a friend of them invites them to play. This game is so noob friendly, that you cant join "late". Link to post Share on other sites Devilman.1532 Posted September 24, 2018 Devilman.1532 Members 429 posts Share Posted September 24, 2018 PvP is trash in this game. Some of the PVE is ok just avoid PoF unless you enjoy endless bland desert. Link to post Share on other sites Leablo.2651 Posted September 25, 2018 Leablo.2651 Members 402 posts Share Posted September 25, 2018 @zengara.8301 said:Well I should have explained the second box more carefully. What I meant was, Twitch/youtube generally promotes PvP games better, therefor the income of players would maybe be higher through PvP. I would still very much like to hear your opinion regarding the question: So the question to the normal forum writer is presented as, what do you think will make players come to Gw2, and why? Competitive games are more interesting to spectators, but RPGs traditionally have really unbalanced and cheesy mechanics for PvP, GW2 being no exception. This is not enjoyable to most players or spectators. It might seem silly to say at first, but the most legitimately competitive and skill-oriented parts of GW2 are the minigames. Think about it. As a spectator too, it's a lot more interesting to watch a Keg Brawl or Southsun Survival match than watching people stand in a circle for points. Link to post Share on other sites Create an account or sign in to comment You need to be a member in order to leave a comment Create an account Sign up for a new account in our community. It's easy! Register a new account Sign in Already have an account? Sign in here. Sign In Now Share Followers 0 Go to topic listing Tweets by GuildWars2 All Activity Home Game Discussion Guild Wars 2 Discussion PvP or PvE? Theme GuildWars2 (Default) GuildWars 2 Dark Contact Us Powered by Invision Community FOLLOW US: YouTube Facebook Twitter Twitch.tv Instagram Tumblr Flickr RSS Game The Races of Tyria Professions Combat Instanced Combat Dynamic Events Personal Story Competitive Play Releases Living World Heart of Thorns Expansion Path of Fire Expansion End of Dragons Expansion Media GW2 Asset Kit Community News Newsletter Leaderboards Partner Program Affiliate Program Services My Account Hall of Monuments New Player Guide Support Shop Buy Guild Wars 2 Merchandise Merchandise Ideas Contest Partners and Sponsors Buy Now About Us Our Games Careers Contact Merchandise Privacy Policy Legal Documentation ArenaNet ©2020 ArenaNet, LLC. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

ClothingShoesSportswearAccessoriesPremiumBeautySALESecond LoveSportswear in XXXSSportswear in XXSSportswear in XSSportswear in SSportswear in MSportswear in LSportswear in XLSportswear in XXLSportswear in XXXLSportswear in 4XLSportswear in 5XLSportswear in 6XLSportswear in 7XLSportswear in 8XLSportswear in 9XLSportswear in 1Sportswear in 3Sportswear in 5Sportswear in 7Sportswear in 8Sportswear in 9Sportswear in 10Sportswear in 20Sportswear in 22Sportswear in 26Sportswear in 27Sportswear in 28Sportswear in 29Sportswear in 30Sportswear in 31Sportswear in 32Sportswear in 32,5Sportswear in 33Sportswear in 33,5Sportswear in 34Sportswear in 34,5Sportswear in 35Sportswear in 35,5Sportswear in 36Sportswear in 36,5Sportswear in 37Sportswear in 37,5Sportswear in 38Sportswear in 38,5Sportswear in 39Sportswear in 39,5Sportswear in 40Sportswear in 40,5Sportswear in 41Sportswear in 41,5Sportswear in 42Sportswear in 42,5Sportswear in 43Sportswear in 43,5Sportswear in 44Sportswear in 44,5Sportswear in 45Sportswear in 45,5Sportswear in 46Sportswear in 46,5Sportswear in 47Sportswear in 47,5Sportswear in 48Sportswear in 48,5Sportswear in 49Sportswear in 49,5Sportswear in 50Sportswear in 50,5Sportswear in 51Sportswear in 52Sportswear in 53Sportswear in 54Sportswear in 55Sportswear in 56Sportswear in 57Sportswear in 58Sportswear in 59Sportswear in 60Sportswear in 61Sportswear in 62Sportswear in 63Sportswear in 70Sportswear in 75Sportswear in 80Sportswear in 85Sportswear in 90Sportswear in 95Sportswear in 100Sportswear in 130Sportswear in 10XLSportswear in 4XSSportswear in EinheitsgrößeSportswear in NSSportswear in One SizeSportswear in RV LINKSSportswear in S/MSportswear in BlackSportswear in BlueSportswear in GreySportswear in WhiteSportswear in PinkSportswear in GreenSportswear in RedSportswear in PurpleSportswear in Mixed colorsSportswear in OrangeSportswear in BrownSportswear in YellowSportswear in BeigeSportswear in SilverSportswear in GoldSportswear in TransparentADIDAS PERFORMANCE SportswearNIKE SportswearPUMA SportswearReebok Sport SportswearHummel SportswearUNDER ARMOUR SportswearVAUDE SportswearONLY PLAY SportswearSuperdry SportswearYOGISTAR.COM SportswearASICS SportswearCMP SportswearJACK WOLFSKIN SportswearTHE NORTH FACE SportswearREUSCH SportswearZIENER SportswearENDURANCE Sportswearadidas Terrex SportswearODLO SportswearMarika SportswearMAMMUT SportswearmyMo ATHLSR SportswearICEPEAK SportswearBIDI BADU SportswearLASCANA ACTIVE SportswearAthlecia SportswearSchöffel SportswearKILLTEC SportswearICEBREAKER SportswearOnzie SportswearChampion Authentic Athletic Apparel SportswearOAKLEY SportswearMOROTAI SportswearROXY SportswearFILA Sportswear4F SportswearHey Honey Sportswearnew balance SportswearJ.Lindeberg SportswearDEUTER SportswearMaier Sports SportswearNEBBIA SportswearVarley SportswearWhistler SportswearThule SportswearCasall SportswearBally SportswearO'NEILL SportswearTommy Sport Sportswearadidas Golf SportswearRöhnisch SportswearFjällräven SportswearFALKE SportswearADIDAS ORIGINALS SportswearCURARE Yogawear SportswearPEAK SportswearJAKO SportswearHaglöfs SportswearLEKI SportswearYogishop SportswearCOLUMBIA SportswearFreyling SportswearDKNY Performance SportswearBURTON SportswearVENICE BEACH SportswearPOLARINO SportswearMEINDL SportswearGUESS SportswearOCEAN SPORTSWEAR SportswearOsprey SportswearSALEWA Sportswearadidas by Stella McCartney SportswearG.I.G.A. DX by killtec SportswearUVEX SportswearP.A.C. SportswearContigo SportswearERIMA SportswearELLESSE SportswearSALOMON SportswearDC Shoes SportswearActive by Zizzi SportswearOnly Play Curvy SportswearPROTEST SportswearNike Swim SportswearStance SportswearRukka SportswearMIZUNO SportswearHEAD SportswearESPRIT SPORT SportswearGirlfriend Collective SportswearSHOCK ABSORBER SportswearMCKINLEY SportswearBRUNOTTI SportswearCalvin Klein Performance SportswearDELICATELOVE SportswearBENCH SportswearSKECHERS SportswearAlpina SportswearHKMX SportswearGORE WEAR SportswearLOWA SportswearBILLABONG SportswearSCOTT SportswearLeif Nelson SportswearARENA SportswearKAPPA SportswearNITRO SportswearASOBU SportswearKEEN SportswearSuperdry Snow SportswearJOY SPORTSWEAR SportswearRagwear SportswearNike Sportswear SportswearABOUT YOU SportswearHI-TEC SportswearYoga Hero SportswearCHIEMSEE SportswearATOMIC SportswearEA7 Emporio Armani SportswearPEAK PERFORMANCE SportswearWeather Report SportswearContec SportswearEivy SportswearDARE 2B SportswearKismet Yogastyle SportswearEisbär SportswearVolcom SportswearABOUT YOU x Sofia Tsakiridou SportswearLICO SportswearGARMIN SportswearWindfield by Danwear SportswearBUFF SportswearBROOKS SportswearCotton On SportswearNewline SportswearKangaROOS SportswearSCHNEIDER SportswearDidriksons SportswearSchmuddelwedda SportswearMERRELL SportswearCRAGHOPPERS SportswearNike SB SportswearReebok Classics SportswearBrütting Sportswearsaucony SportswearONLY SportswearJaya SportswearTom Barron SportswearSTÖHR SportswearABUS Sportswearb.young SportswearNU-IN ACTIVE SportswearHAVAIANAS SportswearNATHAN SportswearLacoste Sport SportswearCODE-ZERO SportswearHIIT SportswearLöffler SportswearSHEEGO SportswearLUHTA SportswearRIP CURL SportswearSergio Tacchini SportswearGONSO SportswearMaloja SportswearIZIA SportswearDopper SportswearNIKE Accessoires SportswearTEVA SportswearTATONKA SportswearJordan SportswearUlla Popken SportswearEdelrid SportswearKAMAH SportswearICEBOUND SportswearCotton Candy SportswearBergans SportswearCraft SportswearGREGORY Sportswearmoorhead SportswearJulbo SportswearOCK SportswearKamik SportswearBLACKROLL SportswearMissguided SportswearTALENCE SportswearRed Bull Spect SportswearALEX SportswearK-SWISS SportswearDanwear SportswearEsprit Sport Curvy Sportswear ClothingShoesSportswear SportsSportswearSports shoes Sports bags & backpacks Sports accessories Sports equipment Accessories Premium Beauty SALESecond Love Women Sportswear SALOMON Sportswear48 View Sort Color Brand1 Price Sale Style Reset all SALOMON 109,00 EUR Available in many sizes -15% SALOMON 84,90 EUR99,90 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 15,00 EUR Available sizes: 36-38, 39-41, 42-44, 45-47 SALOMON 17,95 EUR Available sizes: 36-38, 39-41, 42-44, 45-47 SALOMON 22,95 EUR Available sizes: 36-38, 39-41, 42-44, 45-47 SALOMON 17,95 EUR Available sizes: 36-38, 39-41, 42-44, 45-47 SALOMON 109,00 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 15,00 EUR Available sizes: 45-47 SALOMON 99,90 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 109,00 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 109,00 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 109,00 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 89,90 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 89,90 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 109,00 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 129,00 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 139,00 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 129,00 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 109,00 EUR Available in many sizes -16% SALOMON 74,90 EUR89,90 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 129,00 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 129,00 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 129,00 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 149,00 EUR Available in many sizes -10% SALOMON 89,90 EUR99,90 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 149,00 EUR Available in many sizes SALOMON 149,00 EUR Available in many sizes -22% SALOMON 69,90 EUR89,90 EUR Available in many sizes 6-pack SALOMON 23,95 EUR Available sizes: 36-38, 39-41, 42-44, 45-47 6-pack SALOMON 17,95 EUR Available sizes: 36-38, 39-41, 42-44, 45-47 next page WomenMenKids ABOUTYOUYOU You are not registered yet Log in Track your orders Like your favorites Your wishlist is empty! Selectto add something to your Wishlist Wishlist Your basket is empty! Add item(s) to your basket. Haven't found anything yet? Shop new itemsDiscover outfits Outfits Maja Cozy White Coat Look Elisa Classic Checked Look Saeeda Neutral City Look Vanille All Black Look Discover all outfits Stories Let’s get dressed up Glamorous styling Premium For Tall Girls Knit-Guide Festive eye-catcher X-MAS sweater Night in or night out Festive party looks Discover all stories Clothing Categories New Jackets Coats Sweaters & knitwear Jeans Dresses Tops Sweaters & hoodies Pants Blouses & tunics Underwear Skirts Plus sizes Maternity wear Occasions Blazers Swimwear Jumpsuits & playsuits Exclusive Show more Highlights More sustainable Exclusive Premium Shop by fit Curvy Petite Tall Maternity wear Top brands Shoes Categories New Ankle boots Boots Sneakers High heels Sports shoes Low shoes Slippers Sandals Slip-ons Ballet flats Poolside shoes Exclusive More sustainable Top brands Sportswear Sports Ski Outdoor Fitness Running Yoga Snowboard Cycling Swimming Golf Show more Sportswear Sports bottoms & leggings Sports tops Sports underwear Sports jackets Sports sweaters Athletic tracksuits Swim & surfwear Sports skirts Sports dresses & skirts Show more Sports shoes Outdoor shoes Running shoes Sports shoes Poolside shoes Show more Sports bags & backpacks Sports bags Sports backpacks Top brands Fitness Running Outdoor Yoga Swimming Accessories Categories New Bags & backpacks Jewelry Hats & caps Scarves & Wraps Belts Wallets Watches Gloves Home accessories Sunglasses Hair accessories Smartphone cases Key rings & cases Umbrellas Fabric masks Exclusive More sustainable Top brands Premium Categories New Jackets & coats Dresses Knitwear Jeans Tops Sweaters & hoodies Pants Blouses & tunics Underwear & swimwear Skirts Jumpsuits & playsuits Shoes Accessories Top brands Beauty Fragrances Make-up Nails Face care Body care Hair Sun care Natural cosmetics Gift sets Top brands SALE Jackets Coats Sweaters & knitwear Jeans Dresses Tops Sweaters & hoodies Pants Blouses & tunics Underwear Skirts Plus sizes Maternity wear Occasions Blazers Swimwear Jumpsuits & playsuits Shoes Accessories Show more Second Love New Clothing Shoes Accessories SALE Upcycling Brands ONLY ABOUT YOU VERO MODA EDITED LeGer by Lena Gerc... TAMARIS VILA LEVI'S LASCANA MANGO TOMMY HILFIGER PIECES ADIDAS ORIGINALS ESPRIT Show more Search by brand Pay later in 21 days Free shipping and return 100 day return policy SALOMON Sportswear for women Popular brands in this category Sportswear from ADIDAS PERFORMANCESportswear from NIKESportswear from PUMASportswear from Reebok SportSportswear from UNDER ARMOUR Popular colours in this category Sportswear, Mixed colorsSportswear, BlackSportswear, BlueSportswear, GreySportswear, White More interesting themes Sportswear, 42Sportswear, 42,5Sportswear, 43Sportswear, 44Sportswear, 37 Women Christmas OutfitsWinter shoesadidas SneakersNIKE Air Max SneakersKnit dressesSweaters for womenEarringsPlus Size fashionCoatsLingerieChristmas dressesGlovesNike Air Max 270Adidas SuperstarBeaniesWinter clothing & shoesWinter ankle bootsLeggingsOversize sweatersAnkle boots Brands for Women ONLYVERO MODAVILAMANGOLASCANAPIECESJACQUELINE de YONGLEVI'SADIDAS ORIGINALSBIRKENSTOCKCalvin KleinCHRIST JewelleryCECILcommaGMK CollectionEDITEDESPRITGabor ShoesGAPGUESS ABOUT YOU X INTERNATIONAL About You BulgariaAbout You Czech RepublicAbout You DenmarkAbout You AustriaAbout You SwitzerlandAbout You GermanyAbout You GreeceAbout You IrelandAbout You SpainAbout You EstoniaAbout You FinlandAbout You Belgium (fr)About You FranceAbout You CroatiaAbout You HungaryAbout You ItalyAbout You LithuaniaAbout You LatviaAbout You BelgiumAbout You The NetherlandsAbout You NorwayAbout You PolandAbout You PortugalAbout You RomaniaAbout You SlovakiaAbout You SloveniaAbout You Sweden 0800 / 58 95 122*Contact us Germany Customer careContactHelpPartner programDelivery area Secure Shopping Our customers rate us as "Very good" Your data is secure with us *Free of charge from all network providers. Charges may apply when calling from abroad.**All prices incl. VAT.5) No special conditions apply. https://en.aboutyou.de/campaign-conditions

"When you have experienced the sensation of flying, you will walk on earth with your eyes toward the heavens, for there you will and there you will desire to return." Come and be part of the "Leonardo da Vinci World"!

"Engineering Workshop" is a design organization that has been implementing high-quality and competent projects for more than 20 years. A wide variety of structures have been erected along them, from simple piers to factories and shopping centers throughout Russia. They also cooperate with foreign customers from Switzerland and Germany. Within the framework of the project, the following were developed: logo, design of business cards, letterheads, design of a cover, pen, envelope and booklet, as well as wallpapers for various devices and a corporate pattern.

From a funny idea and a simple design, a toy company was born in 2003, which 14 years later has a worldwide sales network. This is the short summary of the Waytoplay history. It all started with Sybren, the founder and designer of Waytoplay. In 2013 he and his wife Marise embarked on a journey into the unknown world of toys. This year the Waytoplay pilot product came out. It was funded by crowdfunding and was more successful than Sybren and Marise had imagined. The 250 sets produced were sold out in a flash. Waytoplay combines Dutch design with German quality work So it's no wonder that the flexible highways soon went into series production. The parts are manufactured by specialists in Breidenbach in Germany. This is done with real high-tech, because although the parts look quite simple, their production is quite complex. The street sections are then given the finishing touches in the form of printing in the Niederladen. Waytoplay is proud to have created 10 jobs in the region so far and thus contributes a small part to the economic well-being of the region. The enormous growth in recent years does not prevent the founders from continuing to work tirelessly for the company themselves. Marise takes care of the online shop and customer service. Sybren is the managing director and is constantly working on new designs for even better tracks. Take a look at Waytoplay's flexible highways in our shop and convince yourself of the interplay of design, quality and fun! Customer service Phone: 0 24 22 / 33 90 758 Mon-Sat: 9.00 a.m. to 17.00 p.m. E-mail: info@brainbowtoys.de » Free shipping from 49 € in Germany * » Return free of charge for 14 days * » Fast delivery » Lovingly and safely packaged Sign up for newsletter ✔ Exclusive offers & discounts ✔ Discover great brands & trends ✔ Tips & information on child development E-mail address: If you're human, leave the field blank: Deutsch▼ X Čeština‎ Dansk Nederlands English Français Deutsch Italiano Polski Português Español Topic pages » Brand » Offers » New Products 2021 » Gift finder » gift ideas Law and Safety » TERMS & CONDITIONS » Payment & Shipping » Returns & returns » Cancellation Policy » Privacy Policy » Imprint & Contact » Contact Payment Methods • PayPal and Klarna > Credit card > SEPA direct debit > Purchase on account > Installment purchase > Sofortüberweisung • Invoice (only for companies, institutes or authorities) - We only offer this payment method to our business customers. • Payment in advance Prices incl. VAT and plus shipping costs © 2021 Brainbow Handelsunternehmen GmbH This website uses cookies like ours Cookie Policy described. By continuing to use our website, you consent to our use of cookies.

A crown is a type of dental restoration which completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant. Crowns are often needed when a large cavity threatens the ongoing health of a tooth. They are typically bonded to the tooth using a dental cement. Crowns can be made from many materials, which are usually fabricated using indirect methods. Crowns are often used to improve the strength or appearance of teeth. Dental bridge A bridge, also known as a fixed partial denture, is a dental restoration used to replace a missing tooth by joining permanently to adjacent teeth or dental implants. There are different types of bridges, depending on how they are fabricated and the way they anchor to the adjacent teeth. Conventionally, bridges are made using the indirect method of restoration however, bridges can be fabricated directly in the mouth using such materials as composite resin. A bridge is fabricated by reducing the teeth on either side of the missing tooth or teeth by a preparation pattern determined by the location of the teeth and by the material from which the bridge is fabricated. In other words, the abutment teeth are reduced in size to accommodate the material to be used to restore the size and shape of the original teeth in a correct alignment and contact with the opposing teeth. The dimensions of the bridge are defined by Ante's Law: "The root surface area of the abutment teeth has to equal or surpass that of the teeth being replaced with pontics". The materials used for the bridges include gold, porcelain fused to metal, or in the correct situation porcelain alone. The amount and type of reduction done to the abutment teeth varies slightly with the different materials used. The recipient of such a bridge must be careful to clean well under this prosthesis. When restoring an edentulous space with a fixed partial denture that will crown the teeth adjacent to the space and bridge the gap with a pontic, or "dummy tooth", the restoration is referred to as a bridge. Besides all of the preceding information that concerns single-unit crowns, bridges possess a few additional considerations when it comes to case selection and treatment planning, tooth preparation and restoration fabrication.

Road Development Corporation (RDC) has been hired by the Ministry of National Planning, Housing, and Infrastructure to build 5 kilometers of roads in Velidhoo, Noonu Atoll. The contract for the road improvement project in Velidhoo was signed on November 15 by Director General Zeeniya Ahmed Hameed and Managing Director at RDC Moosa Ali Manik. RDC was awarded the project on a design-and-build basis. The project’s scope comprises the asphalt paving of 5 kilometers of roadways, as well as the installation of a stormwater drainage system and street lighting. The company was awarded the road development contract for USD 5.7 million. The project is scheduled to be finished in 450 days. Tags: Development ProjectsMinistry of National Planning Housing and InfrastructureRoad Development Corporation

All the partners for this project, spread across 3 continents - Africa, Latin America and Europe - have a single study subject: changes in water resources in arid and semiarid regions. Realising a library of digital resources accessible to all for the training of students, engineers and technicians...

If you are an authorized representative of your company, you can post a paid job ad after registering an employer account and logging in. × Please register! It's free. Please register or log in. Sign up If you're a new user Log in If you're a returning user Login Register Teaching jobs NEW Blog Advisory Committee Cambridge Assessment English Teacher ESL / EFL teacher wanted by Talkilla Edu First work day: ASAP Native speakers Min. 5+ years BA in any subject --- OR --- Any accredited 100+ hour English teaching certif. Talkilla has been a leading online English school in providing professional English training to young kids and teenagers. Here is the opportunity to join us! 447 Views 2021-11-15 Left to apply Expired × You've applied for the job × Job expired × Job unpublish This job will be unpublished. In case you wish to republish it in the future, you can do for one ad credit. OK × Job delete This job will be deleted. You cannot undo this action! OK × Job Expire This job will be expired. You cannot undo this action! OK Apply now Job details Position: ESL / EFL teacher Work hours: Part-time Student type: 6-10 years , 11-14 years , 15-18 years Group size: 1:1 , 1-5 , 6-10 Contract term: Permanent Contract type: N/A Institution type: Language school School authority: Private Introduction to Work 1. Being able to teach English to set of students online in the evenings (between 6~10 pm) and/or daytime of weekends Beijing time, minimum 8 hours per week; 2. Students are usually 8 to 15 years old. Classes can be one-on-one or small groups in 45 minutes or 60 minutes depending on students ages; "Of the companies I have worked for thus far, Talkilla has been the most pleasant and professional. The people are so wonderful to work with and have treated me very kindly, patiently and respectfully. The students have been great, as well!" - Quoted by Carol M., a Talkilla ESL Teacher. Teachers who are passionate with teaching Chinese young students are welcome to contact with us by sending in your resume and introduction video. Job Status：On-line Salary Type：Hour Salary：15~20 Currency：US Dollar Payment Method：PayPal Recruitment：2 Person Closing time of recruitment：2019-11-30 Online (remote) work Who we are looking for Language proficiency Native speakers (United Kingdom,Canada,United States) Experience Min. 5+ years Qualification BA in any subject --- OR --- Any accredited 100+ hour English teaching certif. (Degree：Master or Higher,Bachelor. Teaching Certificate：TEFL,TESOL,TESL,CELTA,Other ESL Certificates) The teacher is required have experience in teaching Cambridge Assessment English and be familiar with the Assessment requirements. What we offer Hourly rate ranges between US$15~20 depending on teacher's education background, teaching experience and performance in the interview, with bonus from referrals. Online (remote) work Talkilla Edu About the employer Talkilla Edu was first established in early 2012 in Beijing, China. Talkilla has been a leading online English school in providing professional English training to young kids and teenagers. Quite a few of Talkilla students had won CCTV Hope Start national English contest, a major ESL contest in China. Besides of ESL training, we also provide other subjects in English, like History, Science, Writing and Literature Reading, in both formats of one-on-one and group classes, in order to meet different demands from our young students. A teacher will usually be provided set of students who can commit a long-term learning time of many years and learn from the same teacher. Teacher can definitely awarded by seeing the progress of the students in learning English with help from the teacher. Teacher Record, owned by ShenZhen Federated Database Education Technology Co., Ltd., provides an extensive resource for online ESL jobs. As a big recruitment league for foreign language teaching, we have gathered together lots of verified school members which are foreign language schools and training institutions in China. As a large foreign language teachers' career information base, we have attracted a great number of high-quality applicants from English-speaking countries. We are dedicated to a convenient job application, an efficient resume screening, a one-step interview with quick responses and an all-time link between applicants and recruiters.

All rights to materials posted on the website www.khl.ru (hereinafter referred to as the Website) and which are the objects of exclusive rights, including the registered trademarks and symbolics of the “КХЛ”/“KHL”, “МХЛ” / “JHL”, “ЖХЛ” / “WHL” (hereinafter referred to as the Trademarks), as well as on photo and video images, articles, etc., which are owned by CHL LLC, are protected in compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The placement and / or use of Trademarks and other intellectual property of CHL LLC without the direct consent of CHL LLC are considered and prosecuted as intellectual property rights violations of CHL LLC in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation. It is forbidden to automatically extract information from the Website by any services without the official permission of CHL LLC. Quoting from the Website and satellite projects of the official messages of the Kontinental Hockey League is allowed only with a direct link to the site www.khl.ru. KHL TV About KHL Contacts Advertising КХЛ 2008—2021 All rights reserved Desktop version User Agreement CHL LLC PROVISION on processing of personal data CHL LLC Website Terms of Use KHL 2008—2021 All rights reserved All rights to materials posted on the website www.khl.ru (hereinafter referred to as the Website) and which are the objects of exclusive rights, including the registered trademarks and symbolics of the “КХЛ”/“KHL”, “МХЛ” / “JHL”, “ЖХЛ” / “WHL” (hereinafter referred to as the Trademarks), as well as on photo and video images, articles, etc., which are owned by CHL LLC, are protected in compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The placement and / or use of Trademarks and other intellectual property of CHL LLC without the direct consent of CHL LLC are considered and prosecuted as intellectual property rights violations of CHL LLC in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation. It is forbidden to automatically extract information from the Website by any services without the official permission of CHL LLC. Quoting from the Website and satellite projects of the official messages of the Kontinental Hockey League is allowed only with a direct link to the site www.khl.ru.

Leather crafter mallet with an ergonomic, sandalwood handle was made with nylon head and a steel, stacked core for weight control. It is used for leather carving, as well as working with stamps and punches. The round, vertically located form of the striker allows you to pick up the tool without looking, and it will always be in the working position. The hammer comes with two types of weights and springs to adjust the weight (weights and springs may be already installed inside hammer head, so in this case, unscrew the hammer and set the weight quantity as you need).

Hand made oil painting We specialize in oil paintings. With quality being the utmost important, our reproductions can take up to two weeks to create. We can create paintings in all sizes. With our talented oil painters, we offer 100% hand made oil paintings on various subjects and styles. Most of our oil painters were strictly trained and cultivated when they were in schools and colleges, this helps us handle all classic style commissions easily. BuyPopArt.com have 10 years experience in the oil painting industry. If you are not 100% satisfied we will refund 100% of your order. SHOP NOW Print on canvas Giclée prints of your own At BuyPopArt.com we take pride in producing the highest quality prints of the art masterpieces that you have chosen. We use the latest printing technology to produce archival-quality canvas prints that will give pleasure on your wall for a long time to come. BuyPopArt.com use only the most modern and efficient printing technology on our 100% cotton canvas 440Gsm, based on the Giclée printing procedure. This innovative high resolution printing technique results in durable and spectacular looking prints of the highest quality. BuyPopArt.com only uses the highest quality inks, with extreme UV resistance. Your artwork will hold its beautiful colors for up to 75 years! SHOP NOW Print on textured canvas BuyPopArt use the latest printing technology to produce archival-quality textured cotton canvas prints that will give pleasure on your wall for a long time to come. Textured print gives to your painting reproduction a brushstroke/texture effect, which gives incredible look of a real oil canvas masterpiece. BuyPopArt.com use only the most modern and efficient printing technology on our 100% cotton canvas 400Gsm, based on the Giclee printing procedure. This innovative high-resolution printing technique results in durable and spectacular looking prints of the highest quality. BuyPopArt.com only uses the highest quality inks, with extreme UV resistance. Your artwork will hold its beautiful colors for up to 75 years! Textured print perfectly suits for Fine Art reproductions! BuyPopArt Team suggest to orderacrylic print for colorful,familly and modernphotos. SHOP NOW Print on metal Group Set of Metal Prints gives your image a breathtaking unique and contemporary look and feel! Enhances contrast, sharpness and color saturation unobtainable by any other printing method. We print directly on metal, your photos will take on a brilliant sheen that traditional paper printing or canvas prints are unable to deliver. The metal flashes through to create a distinct look that will catch your eye from every angle. Inks infused into specially coated aluminum ensures a durable and archival scratch resistant surface. At BuyPopArt.com you can choose any image you like and we will transform it is aMetal group set print for you will be the owner of unique group set, from one imageyou can choose more than 250 frames shapes in any sizes ! Metal elements on your print bring incredible metallic effect and gloss. Group Set Of Metal Prints can be a perfect present for your friends or beloved and be sure they will love it forever! BuyPopArt Team recommend Set Of Metal Prints for Modern photos and landscapes. For Fine Art, we suggest to order group set of textured print or group set of oil paintings. BuyPopArt.com have 10 years experience in the printing business. If you are not 100% satisfied we will refund 100% of your order. SHOP NOW Print on Acrylic The high gloss of the Acrylic panels compliment the rich colors of the prints to produce stunning results that almost burst with color. The Classic Acrylic panels are cut to size using high tech laser cutting equipment, they are then pre-drilled with 4 mounting holes and then flame polished to perfection. They are supplied with 1" brushed aluminum stand-off fixings. These fixings give the illusion that the finished print is floating off the wall. Due to the Ultra-modern feel to these prints, they are ideal for home, office or school environments, where they fit it perfectly with all types of modern decor. At BuyPopArt.com you can choose any image you like and we will transform it is an Acrylic group set print for you will be the owner of unique Acrylic group set, from one imageyou can choose more than 250 frames shapes in any sizes ! Endurance of the material will save your Group Set Of Acrylic Prints from damages and you will enjoy it for many years. BuyPopArt.comTeam recommend to order Set Of Acrylic Prints for colorful landscapes and modern Art! For Fine Art, we suggest to order group set of textured print or groupset of oil paintings. BuyPopArt.comhave 10 years experience in the printing business. If you are not 100% satisfied we will refund 100% of your order. SHOP NOW Group set of oil paintings BuyPopArt GroupSet is the perfect way to decorate your home with a unique design conceived by you. This group set of oil painting on canvas will be build according to your choices the day after we receive your order. Your order will be made specifically for you, we will never made twice the same combination of Painting/GroupSet/Size. After we receive your order, our factory will then start build the wooden frames, then our factory will receive the frames and will start painting. The factory take 3 day to paint. The paintings are made in our GroupSet factory not in our BuyPopArt artist's studio (which take 3 weeks to paint) If you want to have an artwork copy of museum quality you should order an Oil Painting Reproduction to BuyPopArt Studio. With BuyPopArt GroupSet you can decorate your home at the best price with a unique design build specifically for you. SHOP NOW Group set of prints on canvas With BuyPopArt GroupSet of Poster/Prints you can decorate your home at the best price with a unique design build specifically for you.At BuyPopArt.com you can choose any image you like and we will transform it is a group set print for you. You will be the owner of unique group set, from one print you can choose from more than 150 frames shapesin any sizes! We always use high quality cotton canvas and print techniques, which reflect all brightness of the image. Group set orders come with a *ready to hang* metal wire for easy hanging at no extra cost. BuyPopArt.com have 10 years experience in the printing business. If you are not 100% satisfied we will refund 100% of your order. SHOP NOW Group set of textured prints With BuyPopArt Group Set of Textured prints you can decorate your home at the best price with a unique design build specifically for you. Texture of the print will produce the effect of handmade oil painting masterpiece. At BuyPopArt.com you can choose any image you like and we will transform it is a set of textured prints for you. You will be the owner of unique group set, from one print you can choose from more than 250 frames shapes in any sizes! We always use high quality cotton canvas and print techniques, which reflect all brightness of the image. Textured group set orders come with a *ready to hang* metal wire for easy hanging at no extra cost. BuyPopArt.com have 10 years experience in the printing business. If you are not 100% satisfied we will refund 100% of your order. SHOP NOW Similar artworks Four Children Acting Macbeth and the Witches John Westbrooke Chandler Landscape with factory chimney Wassily Kandinsky Closed Eyes Odilon Redon Girl with a Fan Pyotr Konchalovsky Portrait of Sophie Marie Gräfin Voss Antoine Pesne More information on this artwork on this websites The Virgin https://ArtsDot.com/@@/8YE7XW-Gustav-Klimt-The-Virgin... Gustav Klimt - The Virgin JPG: 1255 x 1200 Px Mar | 2015 | Byron's muse byronsmuse.wordpress.com/201... 7 posts published by Byron's Muse during March 2015 JPG: 1250 x 1200 Px - 393 Kb The Virgin https://WahooArt.com/@@/8YE7XW-Gustav-Klimt-The-Virgin... Gustav Klimt - The Virgin JPG: 1255 x 1200 Px The Virgin https://WikiOO.org/paintings.php?refarticle=8YE7XW&titlepainting=The Virgin... Gustav Klimt - The Virgin JPG: 1255 x 1200 Px 克里姆特 油画设计图__绘画书法_文化艺术_设计图库_昵图网nipic.com www.nipic.com/show/2/27/8562016ke6c17144... 克里姆特 油画图片,克里姆特 油画模板下载,克里姆特 油画 油画素材 处女 壁画,克里姆特 油画设计素材,昵图网：图片共享和图片交易中心 JPG: 1024 x 983 Px - 561 Kb How it works Do you want to immortalize yourself or someone special for you on canvas? Order a portrait painted and our skillful artists will create a real piece of art that may eclipse any well-known masterpiece! Upload your photo(s) and pick a size our artists realize the painting according to your photo(s) we send you a photo of your painting for approval we ship your painting to you by DHL Why We are the best Professional painters Our talented portrait painters work with you until you are 100% satisfied with the painting. Online Proof View your painting online before it is shipped and approve it or ask for modification. Best Online Service Our outstanding customer service team is available by phone, email or online chat. Reviews Gary t. - USA Submited 30/11/2021 “Loved the quality of my print. I just got my print framed and I love it.” Eddy Y. - united states Submited 25/11/2021 “I have received the 3 paintings. They are very well painted.looks great and realistic.” Michael S. - USA Submited 23/11/2021 “WahooArt.com did a beautiful job of reproducing the painting I selected. When they first sent me a photo of the finished result I was unhappy with the color tone of the reproduction. I explained what I wanted (via email) a” Thomas W. - USA, Delaware Submited 03/11/2021 “I would highly recommend Wahoo Art for that special space one may need to fill. I have a large art collection of originals but sometimes one just needs a "reasonably priced" piece to fill in a blank. The quality of the fra” Edward M. - Australia Submited 29/10/2021 “Very satisfied indeed. WahooArt supplied me with a high-quality print on canvas, nicely framed, at a very reasonable price, and delivered it promptly (no small achievement in these times!), keeping me informed at each stag” Elise H. - Australia Submited 28/10/2021 “My experience purchasing from WahooArt was fabulous. The service provided by this company is professional. They responded back to any queries I had promptly. The three prints I purchased framed are beautiful. The shipping ”

OFF GRID: New conversion projects are led by social entrepreneurs: The off-grid principle is to be disconnected from modern society's electricity, water and sewer system. Niels Johan Juhl-Nielsen - June 17 MODERN TIMESCOMMENTARY | BOOK REVIEWS Full 100-page MODERN TIMES including the appendix Orientering and Modern Times Review comes out quarterly (March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1) with international book reviews, essays and comments – in addition to the physical newspaper and PDF, the articles are eventually published online here (see also the monthly newsletter). Facebook Instagram Vimeo Youtube © MODERN TIMES & Orientering AS Dronningensgt. 16, 0152 Oslo Chief editor: Truls Lie Monthly newsletter (newsletter) [/ vc_ro. . . Dear reader. To continue reading, create a new free reader account with your email, or logg inn if you have done it before. (click on forgotten password if you have not received it by email already).

This website uses cookies. By using our website you consent to all cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Click here for more info

You are leaving Skyrock.com and will be redirected to an unaffiliated site. Remember to never give out your Skyrock.com username or password, nor send text messages, nor pay for anything. In leaving Skyrock.com, you are no longer protected by our General Terms and Conditions.

Natural disasters could shave 1.5 percent off annual GDP or even more if no appropriate measures are taken in response to climate change, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. VNA Monday, November 16, 2020 15:25 Related News Storm Vamco wreaks havoc in central localities Monday, November 16, 2020 10:09 Vietnam should take urgent action in face of natural disasters: WB Friday, November 13, 2020 10:27 ADB approves 2.5 million USD grant to support Vietnam’s disaster response Monday, November 09, 2020 15:31 Environmental protection must be at core of socio-economic development targets: experts Sunday, November 08, 2020 16:34 Many houses in central Thua Thien-Hue province submerged (Source: VNA) Hanoi (VNA) - Natural disasters could shave 1.5 percent off annual GDP or even more if no appropriate measures are taken in response to climate change, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The average temperature in Vietnam is predicted to increase 2-3 degrees Celsius by 2100, while sea levels will rise from 78-100 cm. Such a rise would submerge over 10 percent of the Red River Delta and Quang Ninh province in the north, 2.5 percent of central coastal localities, and over 20 percent of HCM City. It would directly affect 9 percent of the population in the Red River Delta and Quang Ninh, nearly 9 percent in central coastal localities, and about 7 percent in HCM City. Of particular note, some 35 percent of the population in the Mekong Delta would be affected and 40.5 percent of its rice output lost. The agricultural sector, the natural ecosystem, the poor, the elderly, women, and ethnic minority groups are all vulnerable. The ministry emphasised the need to conduct research on and apply technical solutions and new technologies in designing and construction works. Priority should be given to investing in early warning and monitoring systems in urban areas and concentrated residential areas, and raising public awareness about climate change./. VNA Topics: Climate Change Natural disasters 1.5 pct of GDP climate change Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Vietnam Vietnamplus Vietnam News Agency Advertisements Advertisements Video Stimulus programs to boost year-end sales Vietnam on world’s top 5 in global trade connectedness President wishes to lift trade with Russia by 15 times Foreign firms optimistic about the potential of Vietnam's warehouse sector Vietnam Airlines successfully operates first direct flight to US You should also see Lang Son focuses resources on development in ethnic minority areas The northern mountainous province of Lang Son, which has 83.16 percent of its population being ethnic minority people, has been implementing a series of measures to improve the spiritual and material life of ethnic communities. Business Vietnam Economic Forum scheduled for December 5 Business Vietnam-Europe freight train opens up new transport route: experts Politics State leader concludes Russian visit with great success See more Environment Vietnam Wind Power 2021 event launched Vietnam Wind Power 2021, an annual event since 2018, was launched in Hanoi this week. Environment Vietnam pledges to join efforts in sustainable development in East Asian Seas Vietnam wishes to cooperate with all countries in the region towards sustainable development in East Asian Seas, Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Environment Le Minh Ngan told a virtual ministerial forum within the seventh East Asian Seas Congress on December 2. Environment Climate change impacts in Mekong Delta require construction sector to make careful calculations Climate change’s impacts, which are forecast to make the Mekong Delta lower than the sea level by about one metre in the next decade, are the greatest challenge facing the region, threatening all socio-economic sectors, including construction. Environment Vietnam applies satellite data to monitoring air quality A workshop on the application of satellite data in monitoring pollution and research was held in Hanoi on December 1 as part of the projects "Join hands for clean air” and “Improving air pollution monitoring and management of Vietnam with satellite PM2.5 observation”. Environment Vietnamese, French experts share experience in marine pollution control A seminar on marine pollution control was held in both in-person and online forms on November 30 by the Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam (DAV) and the Embassy of France in Hanoi. Advertisements Advertisements Vietnamplus Intellectual Property Terms Of Use RSS Support Languages VNA News Service Advertisements Contact © Copyright, VietnamPlus, Vietnam News Agency (VNA). Editor-in-chief, Mr. Tran Tien Duan. Licence No. 1374/GP-BTTTT dated September 11, 2008 by the Ministry of Information and Communications.

Local companies do not have to worry about a preliminary anti-subsidy tariff imposed by the US Department of Commerce on car and truck tyres from Vietnam, executives told local media. VNA Monday, November 09, 2020 17:23 Related News Vietnam regards US as one of leading important partners, Deputy Spokesman Thursday, November 05, 2020 19:02 Minh Phu opposes US anti-dumping duty on frozen shrimp Monday, October 26, 2020 10:27 Canada may not slap anti-dumping taxes on Vietnamese corrosion-resistant steel Tuesday, October 20, 2020 17:05 Wood product makers told to take actions to optimise US market Wednesday, October 14, 2020 11:24 Vietnam initiates anti-dumping investigation on sugar imported from Thailand Tuesday, September 22, 2020 15:36 Da Nang Rubber JSC's tyre factory. (Photo drc.com.vn) Hanoi (VNS/VNA) - Local companies do not have to worry about a preliminary anti-subsidy tariff imposed by the US Department of Commerce on car and truck tyres from Vietnam, executives told local media. Earlier this month, the US agency determined exporters and producers from Vietnam would receive a tariff ranging from 6.23 percent to 10.08 percent with concerns Vietnam might have undervalued its currency to support exporters. The decision was made after the US agency had launched an investigation into tyre imports from the Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam in June. The rates imposed by the US Department of Commerce are 6.23 percent for Sailun (Vietnam) Co Ltd, 10.08 percent for Kumho Tires (Vietnam) Co Ltd and 6.77 percent for other companies. Kumho Tires and Sailun are from the RoK and China. But according to SSI Securities Research Centre, this may not have a significant impact on Vietnamese tyre producers. Da Nang Rubber JSC is not affected by the US decision as it is applied on radial tyres, which are completely different from the firm’s outputs subject to the tariff, the company’s spokesperson told ndh.vn. Exploring the US market is expected to help the company improve this year’s results after the business community has been struggling with the global spread of the coronavirus and the US-China trade war, the spokesperson said. Da Nang Rubber JSC posted a 12 percent on-year decline in export revenue year to date. Its key export market – Brazil – has seen a slight recovery in the last two months. In 2019, the company earned 1.73 trillion VND (74.5 million USD) worth of exports, up 43 percent year-on-year and accounting for 42.9 percent of the full-year revenue – up 7.3 percentage points from 2018. Export revenue earned in American countries surged nearly 60 percent year-on-year to 1.04 trillion VND in 2019, accounting for 62 percent of the total. General Director of the Southern Rubber Industry JSC (Casumina) Pham Hong Phu told ndh.vn that the company’s products are subject to the decision. “The US tariff is not too high so the business will not suffer from the decision. Besides, Casumina exports to 30 overseas markets, including the US,” he said. The company also produces radial tyres. Radial tyre exports accounted for 64 percent of the company’s total export revenue in 2019. Casumina posted a 27 percent year-on-year increase in total export revenue last year, which reached 1.72 trillion VND. Export revenue accounted for 39 percent of the company’s total revenue in 2019. The figure rose 29 percent in four consecutive years. Meanwhile, Sao Vang Rubber JSC sells tyres to Asian markets such as Nepal, Pakistan, Cambodia and Malaysia. After the US tariff was announced on November 4, Vietnamese tyre companies have seen mixed changes in their share prices. Shares of Da Nang Rubber JSC (HoSE: DRC) fell a total of 1.8 percent in the two trading days ending November 6. Shares of Casumina (HoSE: CSM) declined by total 2.7 percent and Sao Vàng Rubber JSC (HoSE: SRC) gained a total of 1.8 percent in the same period./. VNA preliminary anti-subsidy tariff car and truck tyres US Vietnam Vietnamplus Vietnam news Vietnam News Agency Advertisements Advertisements Video Stimulus programs to boost year-end sales Vietnam on world’s top 5 in global trade connectedness President wishes to lift trade with Russia by 15 times Foreign firms optimistic about the potential of Vietnam's warehouse sector Vietnam Airlines successfully operates first direct flight to US You should also see FM Bui Thanh Son holds meeting with Secretary of China’s Zhejiang Party Committee Vietnamese Minister of Foreign Affairs Bui Thanh Son on December 3 had an online meeting with Secretary of the Party Committee of Zhejiang province Yuan Jiajun as part of the former’s ongoing official visit to China. Society Lang Son focuses resources on development in ethnic minority areas Business Vietnam Economic Forum scheduled for December 5 Business Vietnam-Europe freight train opens up new transport route: experts See more Business Bamboo Airline operates first direct flight connecting Dien Bien, HCM City A Bamboo Airways flight coded QH1592 departing from Ho Chi Minh City arrived at Dien Bien Phu airport in the northern province of Dien Bien on December 3, marking the launch of the first direct air service between HCM City and Dien Bien. Business Hoa Phat enjoys strong export growth in first 11 months Steelmaker Hoa Phat Group exported 914,000 tonnes of construction steel in the first 11 months of this year, a year-on-year surge of 90 percent. Business Binh Duong holds investment promotion conference with US Binh Duong has been doing all it can to provide all the best conditions for businesses to resume production and maintain supply chains, Chairman of the southern province’s People’s Committee Vo Van Minh told an investment promotion conference with the US on December 2 night. Business Vietnam, Tunisia step up trade collaboration Vietnam’s Trade Counsellor in Algeria and Tunisia Hoang Duc Nhuan had meetings with representatives from various departments of Tunisia between November 27 and December 2 with a hope to intensify bilateral trade ties. Business Vietnam Airlines promotes image of Vietnam in US The image of Vietnam and its people appeared on the big screen outside the Thompson Reuters building in the prestigious Times Square on December 2 (local time). Advertisements Advertisements Vietnamplus Intellectual Property Terms Of Use RSS Support Languages VNA News Service Advertisements Contact © Copyright, VietnamPlus, Vietnam News Agency (VNA). Editor-in-chief, Mr. Tran Tien Duan. Licence No. 1374/GP-BTTTT dated September 11, 2008 by the Ministry of Information and Communications.

Senior officials meet to prepare for 14th EAS Energy Ministers Meeting | ASEAN | Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus) Thang Long - Hanoi Overseas Vietnamese Hotline: (024) 39411349 Categories Most Recent Most Popular Local News Topics Mobile Version Vietnamplus Saturday, December 4, 2021 - 2:31:28 Languages: Tiếng Việt English Français Español 中文 Русский Topics: Party Building COVID-19 UNSC Non-Permanent Membership Digital transformation East Sea Climate Change 13th National Party Congress 15th National Assembly Elections World ASEAN Senior officials meet to prepare for 14th EAS Energy Ministers Meeting Senior energy officials of the East Asia Summit (EAS) countries gathered at an online meeting on November 18 to prepare for the 14th EAS Energy Ministers Meeting, one of important events within the framework of the ASEAN Ministers on Energy Meeting (AMEM) in 2020. VNA Wednesday, November 18, 2020 20:36 Related News 38th ASEAN Ministers on Energy Meeting’s preparatory meeting underway Tuesday, November 17, 2020 17:48 Singaporean PM suggests three areas to boost EAS cooperation Sunday, November 15, 2020 11:58 Indonesia urges EAS to continue building “strategic trust” Sunday, November 15, 2020 10:01 15th EAS: Vietnam highlights importance of maintaining environment of peace and stability Saturday, November 14, 2020 20:22 Four ASEAN countries to sign deal in cross-border power trading Tuesday, October 27, 2020 17:26 The Vietnamese side at the online meeting on November 18 that prepares for the 14th EAS Energy Ministers Meeting (Photo: VNA) Hanoi (VNA) – Senior energy officials of the East Asia Summit (EAS) countries gathered at an online meeting on November 18 to prepare for the 14th EAS Energy Ministers Meeting, one of important events within the framework of the ASEAN Ministers on Energy Meeting (AMEM) in 2020. Addressing the event, Hoang Tien Dung, Director of the Electricity and Renewable Energy Authority under Vietnam’s Ministry of Industry and Trade, noted that at the EAS senior officials’ meeting on energy in August, the ASEAN Centre for Energy presented the draft ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation for 2021-2025, helping the EAS countries that are not ASEAN members gain an overview of the bloc’s energy cooperation activities. During that event, participants also looked into the implementation of the use of bio-fuel for transport, activities to promote economical and efficient energy use, others related to renewable energy, and energy initiatives proposed by Japan, he added. At the preparatory meeting, the officials reviewed and sought consensus on cooperation activities among the East Asian countries before they are submitted to the 14th EAS Energy Ministers Meeting, with ASEAN identified as the focus. Accordingly, cooperation in bio-fuel for transport, economical and efficient energy use, renewable energy, and energy initiatives suggested by Japan will be promoted in the years to come./. VNA Topics: ASEAN Community ASEAN 2020 East Asia Summit senior energy officials 14th EAS Energy Ministers Meeting ASEAN Ministers on Energy Meeting ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation renewable energy updated Vietnam news Vietnamplus Vietnam News Agency Related stories ASEAN Advertisements Advertisements Video Stimulus programs to boost year-end sales Vietnam on world’s top 5 in global trade connectedness President wishes to lift trade with Russia by 15 times Foreign firms optimistic about the potential of Vietnam's warehouse sector Vietnam Airlines successfully operates first direct flight to US You should also see NA Chairman chairs meeting on special policies in COVID-19 fight National Assembly Chairman Vuong Dinh Hue chaired a meeting with permanent members of the NA Committee for Social Affairs and representatives of relevant agencies in Hanoi on December 3 to discuss the Government’s proposal on several special mechanisms and policies in the fight against COVID-19. Politics FM Bui Thanh Son holds meeting with Secretary of China’s Zhejiang Party Committee Society Lang Son focuses resources on development in ethnic minority areas Business Vietnam Economic Forum scheduled for December 5 See more World Laos’s COVID-19 cases continue to rise within community Laos detected 1,425 new cases of COVID-19 over the past 24 hours, with only one imported case, the Lao Health Ministry said on December 1. ASEAN Singapore tightens border measures due to Omicron variant Singapore has decided to tighten border measures, enhance its COVID-19 testing protocols and put a break on relaxation on social measures to better counter the Omicron variant of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. ASEAN Forum fosters sub-regional development in line with ASEAN community building Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh attended Vietnam-initiated ASEAN high-level forum on sub-regional cooperation for sustainable development and inclusive growth held in both in-person and virtual forms on November 30. ASEAN ASEAN cultural heritage digital archive portal launches first e-exhibition The ASEAN Cultural Heritage Digital Archive (ACHDA) project has kicked off an e-exhibition, themed “Forging History: Metals in the Crucible of ASEAN’s Transformation”, on its website. ASEAN Singapore, Malaysia reopen land border, Indonesia bans arrivals from 11 countries Singapore and Malaysia on November 29 reopened their shared land borders, allowing vaccinated travellers to cross after nearly two years of being shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Advertisements Advertisements Vietnamplus Intellectual Property Terms Of Use RSS Support Languages VNA News Service Advertisements Contact © Copyright, VietnamPlus, Vietnam News Agency (VNA). Editor-in-chief, Mr. Tran Tien Duan. Licence No. 1374/GP-BTTTT dated September 11, 2008 by the Ministry of Information and Communications.

The American Defense Service Medal was a military award of the United States Armed Forces, established by Executive Order 8808, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, on June 28, 1941.[1][2] The medal was intended to recognize those military service members who had served on active duty between September 8, 1939, and December 7, 1941. A similar medal, known as the American Campaign Medal, was established in 1942, for service in the American Theater during the World War II era. Contents 1 History 2 Criteria 3 Appearance 4 Devices 5 See also 6 Bibliography 7 External links 8 References History[edit] The American Defense Service Medal was established by Executive Order 8808, on 28 June 1941, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and announced in War Department Bulletin 17, 1941. The criteria for the medal was announced in Department of the Army Circular 44, on 13 February 1942. The service ribbon design was approved by the Secretary of War and the Secretary of Navy on January 7, 1942. The medal was designed by Mr. Lee Lawrie, a civilian sculptor from Easton, Maryland. The model was approved by the Commission of Fine Arts on May 5, 1942.[2][3] Criteria[edit] The medal is authorized to military members who served on active duty between President Roosevelt's declaration of a limited national emergency on September 8, 1939, and the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Members of the United States Army, to include those in the Organized Reserve and National Guard, received this medal for any length of service during the eligibility period, provided that they were on orders to active duty for a period of twelve months or longer.[1] The United States Navy excluded those reservists who were on active duty for less than ten days during the eligibility period, but otherwise the Navy, United States Marine Corps, and United States Coast Guard awarded the medal to all personnel who served on active duty at any time during the eligibility period, Regular or Reservist, provided they passed their initial physical examinations, such as in the case of those Reservists called back to extended active duty prior to the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor, or those enlisted recruits and officer candidates accessed during the same period.[4] Appearance[edit] The bronze medal is 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in diameter. On the obverse is a female Grecian figure symbolic of defense, holding in her sinister hand an ancient war shield in reverse and her dexter hand brandishing a sword above her head, and standing upon a conventionalized oak branch with four leaves. Around the top is the lettering "AMERICAN DEFENSE". The reverse is the wording "FOR SERVICE DURING THE LIMITED EMERGENCY PROCLAIMED BY THE PRESIDENT ON SEPTEMBER 8, 1939 OR DURING THE UNLIMITED EMERGENCY PROCLAIMED BY THE PRESIDENT ON MAY 27, 1941" above a seven-leafed spray of laurel.[2][3] The suspension and service ribbon of the medal is 1+3⁄8 inches (35 mm) wide and consists of the following stripes: 3⁄16 in (4.8 mm) Golden Yellow 67104; 1⁄8 in (3.2 mm) triparted Old Glory Blue 67178; White 67101; and Scarlet 67111; center 3⁄4 in (19 mm) Golden Yellow; 1⁄8 in (3.2 mm) triparted Scarlet; White; and Old Glory Blue 67178; and 3⁄16 in (4.8 mm) Golden yellow. The golden yellow color was symbolic of the golden opportunity of the youth of the United States to serve the National colors, represented by the blue, white and red pin stripes on each side.[2][3] Devices[edit] The American Defense Service Medal was authorized with the following devices: Foreign Service Clasp: Issued by the United States Army for military service outside the continental limits of the United States, including service in Alaska. The foreign service clasp is a bronze bar 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) in width and 1+1⁄2 in (38 mm) in length with the words FOREIGN SERVICE, with a star at each end of the inscription.[1] Base Clasp: Issued by the U.S. Navy and United States Marine Corps for service outside the continental limits of the United States (service in either Alaska or Hawaii qualified).[4] Fleet Clasp: Issued by the Navy, Marine Corps and United States Coast Guard for service on the high seas while regularly attached to any vessels of the Atlantic, Pacific, or Asiatic fleets as well as vessels of the Naval Transport Service and vessels operating directly under the Chief of Naval Operations.[4] The Fleet clasp is a bronze bar 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) in width and 1+1⁄2 in (38 mm) in length with the words FLEET inscribed. Sea Clasp: Issued by the Coast Guard for all other vessels and aircraft, not qualifying for the Fleet Clasp, which regularly conducted patrols at sea.[4] "A" Device: Awarded to any member of the Navy who served duty in actual or potential belligerent contact with Axis Powers in the Atlantic Ocean between June 22 and December 7, 1941.[4] The "A" Device was also worn on the medal's uniform ribbon. Service star: Worn in lieu of clasps when wearing the American Defense Service Medal as a ribbon on a military uniform.[1][3][4] See also[edit] Code of Federal Regulations National Defense Service Medal Bibliography[edit] Foster, Frank C. (2002). A complete guide to all United States military medals, 1939 to present. Fountain Inn, S.C.: MOA Press. ISBN 978-1-884-45218-5. OCLC 54755134. Kerrigan, Evans E. (1971). American war medals and decorations. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-12101-4. OCLC 128058. Kerrigan, Evans E. (1990). American medals and decorations. Noroton Heights, CT: Medallic. ISBN 978-0-792-45082-5. OCLC 21467942. Robles, Philip K. (1971). United States military medals and ribbons. Rutland, VT: C. E. Tuttle. ISBN 978-0-804-80048-8. OCLC 199721. External links[edit] FOR SERVICE IN THE DEFENSE OF AMERICA:THE AMERICAN DEFENSE SERVICE MEDAL References[edit] ^ a b c d Army Regulation 600–8–22 Military Awards (PDF). Washington, DC: Headquarters Department of the Army. 24 June 2013. p. 70. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-10. Retrieved 2014-01-10. ^ a b c d "American Defense Service Medal". The Institute of Heraldry. Archived from the original on 2014-01-10. Retrieved 10 January 2014. ^ a b c d "American Defense Service Medal". Air Force Personnel Center. 2 August 2010. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2014. ^ a b c d e f Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual (PDF). Washington, DC: Department of the Navy. 1953. pp. 57–59. NavPers 15,790. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-16. Retrieved 2014-01-10. Wikimedia Commons has media related to American Defense Service Medal. v t e United States campaign, expeditionary, and service medals 1862–1906 Civil War Campaign Medal Indian Campaign Medal Dewey Medal Sampson Medal Cardenas Medal of Honor West Indies Campaign Medal Spanish Campaign Medal Spanish War Service Medal Army of Cuban Occupation Medal Army of Puerto Rican Occupation Medal Philippine Campaign Medal Philippine Congressional Medal 1905–1921 China Campaign Medal Navy Cuban Pacification Medal Navy Nicaraguan Campaign Medal Haitian Campaign Medal Dominican Campaign Medal 1911–1941 Mexican Service Medal Mexican Border Service Medal World War I Victory Medal Texas Cavalry Medal Army of Occupation of Germany Medal 1936–1945 Navy Expeditionary Medal Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal Haitian Campaign Medal NC-4 Medal Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal Yangtze Service Medal Byrd Antarctic Expedition Medal Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition Medal United States Antarctic Expedition Medal 1942–1949 China Service Medal American Defense Service Medal Women's Army Corps Service Medal American Campaign Medal European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal World War II Victory Medal Army of Occupation Medal (Navy) Medal for Humane Action 1953–1999 National Defense Service Medal Korean Service Medal Antarctica Service Medal Coast Guard Arctic Service Medal Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal Vietnam Service Medal Southwest Asia Service Medal Kosovo Campaign Medal Armed Forces Service Medal Humanitarian Service Medal Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal 2003–present Afghanistan Campaign Medal Iraq Campaign Medal Inherent Resolve Campaign Medal Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal Global War on Terrorism Service Medal Korea Defense Service Medal Air and Space Campaign Medal Nuclear Deterrence Operations Service Medal Remote Combat Effects Campaign Medal Heraldry portal United States portal War portal Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Defense_Service_Medal&oldid=1005138478" Categories: 1941 establishments in the United States Awards established in 1941 Military awards and decorations of the United States United States campaign medals Military awards and decorations of World War II Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Short description is different from Wikidata Commons category link is on Wikidata AC with 0 elements Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants expanded collapsed Views Read Edit View history More expanded collapsed Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages Català Français Italiano Русский Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 6 February 2021, at 04:25 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Wattmeter" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Wattmeter The wattmeter is an instrument for measuring the electric active power (or the average of the rate of flow of electrical energy) in watts of any given circuit. Electromagnetic wattmeters are used for measurement of utility frequency and audio frequency power; other types are required for radio frequency measurements. A wattmeter reads the average value of the product v(t)i(t) = p(t), where v(t) is the voltage with positive reference polarity at the ± terminal with respect to the other terminal of the potential coil, and i(t) is the current with reference direction flowing into the ± terminal of the current coil. The wattmeter reads P = (1/T) ∫0T v(t)i(t) dt, which in sinusoidal steady-state reduces to Vrms Irms cos(φ), where T is the period of p(t) and φ is the angle by which the current lags the voltage.[1] Contents 1 History 2 Electrodynamic 3 Electronic 3.1 Digital 4 Precision and accuracy 5 Radio frequency 6 Watthour meters 7 See also 8 References 9 External links History[edit] On 14 August 1888, Oliver B. Shallenberge patented a watt-hour meter. The Hungarian Ottó Bláthy patented his AC wattmeter.[2] In 1974 Maghar S. Chana, Ramond L. Kraley, Eric A. Hauptmann Barry, and M. Pressman patented an Electronic wattmeter. This device is made up from power, current and voltage transformers, who measure the average power.[3] Electrodynamic[edit] Early wattmeter on display at the Historic Archive and Museum of Mining in Pachuca, Mexico The traditional analog wattmeter is an electrodynamic instrument. The device consists of a pair of fixed coils, known as current coils, and a movable coil known as the potential coil. The current coils are connected in series with the circuit, while the potential coil is connected in parallel. Also, on analog wattmeters, the potential coil carries a needle that moves over a scale to indicate the measurement. A current flowing through the current coil generates an electromagnetic field around the coil. The strength of this field is proportional to the line current and in phase with it. The potential coil has, as a general rule, a high-value resistor connected in series with it to reduce the current that flows through it. The result of this arrangement is that on a DC circuit, the deflection of the needle is proportional to both the current (I) and the voltage (V), thus conforming to the equation P=VI. For AC power, current and voltage may not be in phase, owing to the delaying effects of circuit inductance or capacitance. On an AC circuit the deflection is proportional to the average instantaneous product of voltage and current, thus measuring active power, P=VI cos φ. Here, cos φ represents the power factor which shows that the power transmitted may be less than the apparent power obtained by multiplying the readings of a voltmeter and ammeter in the same circuit. Electronic[edit] Siemens electrodynamometer, circa 1910, F = Fixed coil, D = Movable coil, S = Spiral spring, T = Torsion head, M = Mercury cups, I = Index needle Prodigit Model 2000MU (UK version), shown in use and displaying a reading of 10 watts being consumed by the appliance Electronic wattmeters are used for direct, small power measurements or for power measurements at frequencies beyond the range of electrodynamometer-type instruments. Digital[edit] A modern digital wattmeter samples the voltage and current thousands of times a second. For each sample, the voltage is multiplied by the current at the same instant; the average over at least one cycle is the real power. The real power divided by the apparent volt-amperes (VA) is the power factor. A computer circuit uses the sampled values to calculate RMS voltage, RMS current, VA, power (watts), power factor, and kilowatt-hours. The readings may be displayed on the device, retained to provide a log and calculate averages, or transmitted to other equipment for further use. Wattmeters vary considerably in correctly calculating energy consumption, especially when real power is much lower than VA (highly reactive loads, e.g. electric motors). Simple meters may be calibrated to meet specified accuracy only for sinusoidal waveforms. Waveforms for switched-mode power supplies as used for much electronic equipment may be very far from sinusoidal, leading to unknown and possibly large errors at any power. This may not be specified in the meter's manual. Precision and accuracy[edit] There are limitations to measuring power with inexpensive wattmeters, or indeed with any meters not designed for low-power measurements. This particularly affects low power (e.g. under 10 watts), as used in standby; readings may be so inaccurate as to be useless (although they do confirm that standby power is low, rather than high).[4] The difficulty is largely due to difficulty in accurate measurement of the alternating current, rather than voltage, and the relatively little need for low-power measurements. The specification for the meter should specify the reading error for different situations. For a typical plug-in meter the error in wattage is stated as ±5% of measured value ±10 W (e.g., a measured value of 100W may be wrong by 5% of 100 W plus 10 W, i.e., ±15 W, or 85–115 W); and the error in kW·h is stated as ±5% of measured value ±0.1 kW·h.[5] If a laptop computer in sleep mode consumes 5 W, the meter may read anything from 0 to 15.25 W, without taking into account errors due to non-sinusoidal waveform. In practice accuracy can be improved by connecting a fixed load such as an incandescent light bulb, adding the device in standby, and using the difference in power consumption.[4] This moves the measurement out of the problematic low-power zone. Radio frequency[edit] Instruments with moving coils can be calibrated for direct current or power frequency currents up to a few hundred hertz. At radio frequencies a common method is a rectifier circuit arranged to respond to current in a transmission line; the system is calibrated for the known circuit impedance. Diode detectors are either directly connected to the source, or used with a sampling system that diverts only a portion of the RF power through the detector. Thermistors and thermocouples are used to measure heat produced by RF power and can be calibrated either directly or by comparison with a known reference source of power.[6] A bolometer power sensor converts incident radio frequency power to heat. The sensor element is maintained at a constant temperature by a small direct current. The reduction in current required to maintain temperature is related to the incident RF power. Instruments of this type are used throughout the RF spectrum and can even measure visible light power. For high-power measurements, a calorimeter directly measures heat produced by RF power.[6] Watthour meters[edit] Main article: Electricity meter Itron OpenWay wattmeter with two-way communications for remote reading, in use by DTE Energy An instrument which measures electrical energy in watt hours is essentially a wattmeter which integrates the power over time (essentially multiplies the power by elapsed time). Digital electronic instruments measure many parameters and can be used where a wattmeter is needed: volts, current in amperes, apparent instantaneous power, actual power, power factor, energy in [k]W·h over a period of time, and cost of electricity consumed. See also[edit] Electronics portal Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wattmeters. Microwave power meter References[edit] ^ Close, Charles M. "Chapter 8: Power and Energy". The Analysis of Linear Circuits. p. 395. ^ Electric Meter ^ US3959724A - Electronic wattmeter ^ a b US Lawrence Livermore laboratory, Standby Power, measuring standby ^ Data listed in text from manual for inexpensive plug-in electricity meter Brennenstuhl PM230. The lowest measurable current is given as 0.02 A, which corresponds to about 5 W at 230 VAC ^ a b Joseph J. Carr, RF Components and Circuits, Newnes, 2002 ISBN 978-0-7506-4844-8 pages 351–370 External links[edit] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Wattmeter". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. DC Metering Circuits chapter from Lessons in Electric Circuits series v t e Electrical and electronic measuring equipment Metering Ammeter Capacitance meter Distortionmeter Electricity meter Frequency counter Galvanometer LCR meter Microwave power meter Multimeter Megohmmeter Ohmmeter Peak meter Peak programme meter Psophometer Q meter Time-domain reflectometer Time-to-digital converter Transistor tester Tube tester Wattmeter Voltmeter VU meter Analysis Bus analyzer Logic analyzer Network analyzer Oscilloscope Signal analyzer Spectrum analyzer Waveform monitor Vectorscope Videoscope Generation Arbitrary waveform generator Digital pattern generator Function generator Sweep generator Signal generator Video-signal generator Authority control National libraries France (data) United States Japan Other Microsoft Academic Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wattmeter&oldid=1041722416" Categories: Electrical meters Electricity meters Electronic test equipment Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from December 2016 All articles needing additional references Commons category link is on Wikidata Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica Articles with BNF identifiers Articles with LCCN identifiers Articles with NDL identifiers Articles with MA identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants expanded collapsed Views Read Edit View history More expanded collapsed Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages العربية Беларуская Български Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti Español فارسی Français Gaeilge Հայերեն हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Қазақша Кыргызча Magyar മലയാളം Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча Piemontèis Polski Română Русский Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Edit links This page was last edited on 1 September 2021, at 03:32 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

We have free parking behind the store off Charles Street !! Park in the lot and come in through the back door !!

Webinar on Solar Powered Irrigation Systems for Small-scale Farmers in Mozambique – Status and Opportunity for the Sector (Register) Wednesday, Dec 15, 9:00-10:45 am CET Mini-Grid Financing From energypedia Contents 1 Overview 2 Table of Contents 3 Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors 4 Further Information 5 References Overview This financing guidebook for mini-grid businesses was developed to provide guidelines and basic recommendations for securing various forms of financing for the most relevant types of mini-grid businesses and projects in Kenya. It serves to provide an overview of mini-grids and the key financing concepts and procedures that developers should consider when developing mini-grid projects. The handbook eases the understanding of the most relevant aspects of financing mini-grids and sheds light on the financing process, options and timings for project developers. It presents an overview of typical (simplified) investment cases, giving corresponding illustrations of tariff structures and key considerations for financing methods for each case. The guidebook is targeting (prospective) mini-grid developers who seek to get a general understanding of financing a mini-grid in Kenya but can also serve as a reference to other stakeholders. It, therefore, offers a general introduction to mini-grid financing in Kenya and is not targeting mini-grid financing experts and companies already engaged with financing mini-grids.While this handbook intends to display the required knowledge for mini-grid financing, mini-grid projects are very site specific. The authors of this handbook, therefore, do not accept any liability for commercial or investment decisions taken on the grounds of the knowledge presented within. The handbook is the most recent addition to a series of publications by ProSolar for mini-grid practitioners, coming after a practical guide to mini-grid site selection, licensing and sizing. Table of Contents Link of the guidebook: Mini-Grid Financing Guidebook Introduction 10 Understanding Mini-Grid Financing 12 2.1. Basic Finance Principles 12 2.2. Corporate vs. Project Financing 14 2.3. The Different Pools of Money in Global Finance 15 2.4. Types of Financing and their Considerations 21 2.5. Stages of Financing 23 2.6. Types and Timing of Financing for Mini-grid Projects 28 2.7. What Investors Value in Companies they Invest In 30 3. Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview 34 3.1. Market size and relevant actors 34 3.2. Framework conditions 35 3.3. Financing Mini-Grids in Kenya 37 4. Solar-Hybrid Mini-Grid Business Models and Cost-structures 40 4.1. Case 1 - Micro-Grid 43 4.2. Case 2 - Isolated Mini-Grid 47 4.3. Case 3 - Small Power Distributor 51 5. How to Apply for and Secure Financing for Mini-Grid Developers 56 5.1. Financing Steps for Mini-grid Developers 57 5.2. Challenges for securing finance 72 6. Conclusion 73 Annex 75 Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors The National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) estimates the off-grid market in Kenya to consist of around 1 million households, many of which can best be served by solar home systems. Around 280 clusters of more than 50 structures, which are suitable for mini-grids, have been identified through a satellite mapping in the off-grid area. Considering smaller communities will result in a significantly larger amount of communities that can be served by micro-grids. Furthermore, mini-grids in grid-proximity can be a viable option in case the potential future grid integration is part of the business model. There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by KenGen are located in Garissa and Lamu. Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid. Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. Also, several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas, sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively mobile and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution. Read more about framework conditions and financing options in Kenya in Chapter 3. Further Information This guidebook has been developed as part of a series of handbooks on mini-grids. You can access the other ones on the following web pages: GIZ-ProSolar. What size shall it be? A guide to mini-grid sizing and demand forecasting. August 2016. GIZ-ProSolar. How do we license it? Lessons learned from the application for power generation and distribution for the Talek Power Solar Mini-Grid project. July 2015.

CHICAGO–(ENEWSPF)–April 10, 2017. City and convention development experts will lead a panel discussion on the newly designated McCormick Square during the Gerald Fogelson Forum on Real Estate. The program will take place April 20 at 5 p.m. at Roosevelt University, 425 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago. Located between the South Loop, Chinatown, the Prairie District and Bronzeville, the McCormick Square development is designed to bring community, economic stability and entertainment to its surrounding neighborhoods and beyond. With new hotels, arena, restaurants, rooftop garden and more, McCormick Square will be a year-round entertainment destination for visitors and locals. Future expansions are being planned for continued growth in the area. Leading the forum will be Lori T. Healey, chief executive officer, Metropolitan Pier and Exposition Authority (MPEA). Healy joined the organization in 2015. She oversees the development of McCormick Squares’ Wintrust Arena and the Marriott Marquis. She was previously CEO of Chicago-based investment and urban economic development firm Tur Partners LLC. Her experience includes organizing the 2012 NATO Summit, held at McCormick Place, as well as managing Chicago’s bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics. Joining Healy is David Reifman, commissioner of Chicago’s Department of Planning and Development (DPD). Reifman is responsible for leading the department’s Housing, Economic Development, and Planning & Zoning bureaus while fostering community-improvement projects and initiatives throughout the city. As commissioner of DPD, he serves on the Chicago Plan Commission, Community Development Commission and Commission on Chicago Landmarks, among other public agencies. Representing the private sector is Thomas A. Hazinski, managing director of Convention-Sports Entertainment, HVS, which he founded in 2001. Hazinski advises state and local governments and private entities on the development of convention centers, sports facilities, performing arts centers, and many other types of public assembly facilities. HVS CSE provides feasibility studies, operational analysis, economic and fiscal impact analyses, and tax projections that support the issuance of public debt. “McCormick Square will energize Motor Row, connect McCormick Place and China Town and become the next hot real estate market in Chicago,” said Jon B. DeVries, director, Marshall Bennett Institute of Real Estate. “Plus, the new Cermak CTA station will drive new growth just like the new Morgan Street station did in Fulton Market.” The Gerald Fogelson Forum on Real Estate was founded in 1999 to provide industry professionals and students with an opportunity to participate in discussions and presentations by leaders in all areas of commercial real estate development. It is the foremost real estate forum in the industry. The forum begins with a 5 p.m. reception with refreshments and hors d’oeuvres. The panel discussion will follow from 5:30 p.m. to 6:45 p.m. in the Wabash Building, Room 418. Cost is $25 per person. Roosevelt staff and students may attend for free with school identification. Please register online. Since its founding in 2002, the Marshall Bennett Institute of Real Estate has grown to become one of the largest graduate real estate programs in the country with more than 60 current students and more than 500 graduates. Degrees offered include the Master of Business Administration with a concentration in Real Estate and the Master of Science in Real Estate. Source: http://roosevelt.edu Share this: Tweet More Email Print Categories Park Forest, Schools Post navigation Urgent Action Needed to Stave ‘Hunger Crisis’ in Iraq – UN Food Relief Agency Television Talk Show Welcomes Roosevelt University Group Trending LATEST NEWS California Man Sentenced to More Than Six Years in Prison for Federal Hate Crime Conviction “Gift-wrapping” the Rocket for the James Webb Space Telescope’s Dec. 22 Launch Jessica Guska, 43, Portage Woman Sentenced For Wire Fraud Testing Confirms Webb Telescope on Track for Targeted December 22 Launch Joliet Financial Advisor Indicted on Federal Fraud Charges Gary Woman, Patricia Carrington, 48, Sentenced to 210 Months in Prison for Kidnapping Dems Denounce “Anti-Worker, Pro-COVID Bully Keith Pekau” as Wrong for Illinois Families Suburban Chicago Man Convicted on Federal Gun and Drug Charges ARCHIVES ARCHIVES Select Month December 2021 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 August 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 September 2007 August 2007 July 2007 June 2007 May 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2007 December 2006 November 2006 October 2006 September 2006 July 2006 CATEGORIES CATEGORIES Select Category Advertisement Jobs Analysis Budget Clubs and Organizations Death Notices Obituaries FAQs FAQ Featured International Latest News Business Community Arts Athletics Comedy Film Library Live Music Main Street Nights Nature Organizations Recipes Recreation Religion Theater Live Theater Movies Health Care Reform Household Latest Local News Schools Academics Athletics Scholarships Sports Law and Order Federal and International Local Police Reports State Crime Reports Life and Living Automotive Community Death Notices/Obituaries Entertainment Equality Pets National News Economics Finance Investigative Reports Latest National News Military Recalls News Opinion Analysis Blog Posts Clubs and Organizations Commentary Letters to the Editor Reader Polls Park Forest Politics Elections Science Astrophysics BP/Gulf Oil Gusher Environmental Weather H1N1 Virus (Swine Flu) Haiti and Chile Earthquakes Health and Fitness Medical Mental Health Recycling Resources Science Space Technology Business Tech Cybersecurity Green Tech Personal Tech Science Security Space

Posted on April 20, 2015 April 20, 2015 by Terri Eichholz in Books, Education, K-12, Motivation, Parenting, Teaching Tools My students and I are huge fans of Kid President. They love his videos and beg to watch them repeatedly. I’m okay with that. Kid President is a great role model, and his giggle makes it absolutely impossible to be grumpy. You can buy Kid President’s book here. KP (Robby Novak) recently published a book with his videographer/brother-in-law, Brad Montague, Kid President’s Guide to Being Awesome. My students insisted that this was a necessary classroom resource, so I ordered it. It arrived just in time for a field trip for my 3rd-5th graders that involved an hour-long bus ride. The book was happily passed around during the entire trip. The book is colorful and full of pictures. It includes monologues from some of KP’s videos and interviews he has done with celebrities. Many awesome people, including a large number of youths, are featured in the book. The book is not dry and preachy, though. Every page is motivational and includes typical KP humor. Kid President’s advice to make the world more awesome ranges from, “Give the world a reason to dance,” (#62) to “Put tape on your nose,” (#63). Other great words of wisdom are #70, “Gather your friends, dress up like superheroes, and do someone’s yard work,” and #82, “Give out handmade awards.” Of course my favorite Kid President advice is #87: Kid President goes on to say, “We are convinced that if you want to change a community, it starts in a classroom.” To stay organized, there is a handy checklist in the back of the book to help you keep track of your awesomeness. Also included is a “A New Pep Talk.” Kid President recently uploaded a video inviting fans to make their own videos of the “New Pep Talk,” and send them in for possible inclusion on an upcoming special. (Submissions are due April 23, 2015.) I would recommend this book for any classroom. Kids and adults of all ages seem to love Kid President. I also think it would be a great book to consider as a graduation gift. Parents might purchase one for home and discuss with their children which section to read each night. I’m definitely adding this book to my “Books for Gifted Students – Or any Child Who Loves to Learn” Pinterest Board. You might also want to check out my “Inspirational Videos for Students” board, which includes many Kid President videos as well as other great resources. Share this: Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window) Click to print (Opens in new window) Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window) Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Like this: Like Loading... Tagged awesome, books, education, inspiration, Kid President Published by Terri Eichholz Terri is a curriculum and tech integration specialist, speaker, and author with a passion for engaging and empowering learners. She delivers engaging professional learning, consultations on a variety of educational needs, and professional articles for various outlets . Find out more about Terri on the About page in the site menu. View all posts by Terri Eichholz Post navigation Previous Post Kindergarten Class Next Post #NEISDPLN – Internet Memes in Edu Leave a Reply Cancel reply Subscribe to Blog via Email Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Email Address Subscribe Search Search for: Engage Their Minds Archives Engage Their Minds Archives Select Month December 2021 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 August 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 September 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011

Dreams left unfulfilled; Vijayan leaves Mohana midway through journey | tea seller from kochi| couples from fort kochi who travels| kerala news| vijayan traveller kochi English Edition Malayalam Print Edition News Movies Money Health Travel More Features Travel News India Kerala World Celebrity Travel Pilgrimage Themes Travel Info Hot Spots Travel Blog Dreams left unfulfilled; Vijayan leaves Mohana midway through journey Nov 19, 2021, 02:23 PM IST T- T T+ X × KR Vijayan, the smiling tea seller from Kochi and the globe-trotter who explored the unfathomable wonders of the world despite the hardships he faced in life, is no more. Vijayan, who spent a lifetime travelling to different countries along with his wife, left behind a legacy when he breathed his last on Friday at his house in Kochi. His life is the open chapter that could tell us that some dreams which may seem impossible at first will evently be a reality if you put your heart to it. “Man cannot discover new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the shore.” – Andre Gide Vijayan and his wife Mohana, the magical couple who visited 26 countries during 16 years, were planning a trip to Japan next. It was only a few weeks ago that the couple returned to Kerala from their trip to Russia with plans for their upcoming trip to be finalised once they sort out the expenses. He was sharing the Russian stories of the days he spend in the cold, and the rednesss of Stalingrad to the locals on Friday morning when the untimely death came calling for him. Vijayan in his tea stall The couple’s first-ever journey was an 18-day long visit to Israel with Swami Sandeep Chaitanya back in 2007. The trip cost them about Rs 3 lakh and a lot of personal sacrifice in their life. Since their journey in 2007, the couple has been saving Rs 300 a day from their income from their tea shop. Despite all financial insecurities, the couple would take a loan, travel to a foreign country, return and spend the next 3 years repaying the debt and plan their next trip. His tea shop near Salim Rajan Road in Kochi, which remains shut during the travel, has its walls covered with many photographs of the countries they have visited, maps and newspaper cuttings from their trips. The couple has travelled to Britain, France, Egypt, the USA, UAE, Israel, South Africa, Brazil, Peru, Argentina, Australia, Singapore and many more countries. Life was not easy for Vijayan while he was growing up. Pilgrimage to several temples in Kerala with his father developed his passion for travelling. However, with the untimely demise of his father, family responsibilities fell on his shoulders and his dreams of travelling came to a standstill. It was only in 1988 that he resumed his passion when he accompanied his cook on a pilgrimage to the Himalayas. He once said that a journey from Cherthala to see Kochi was the journey that fueled him to be a traveller in his life. Vijayan and his wife Mohana had gained media attention as they managed to travel to over 26 foreign countries with the earnings from a small tea stall. He sells tea for Rs 5. Read more: Globe-trotting tea seller from Kochi passes away Share on Share Copy Link Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on WhatsApp Email Share on Linkedin Share on Pinterest Print Tags : tea seller balaji vijayan tea seller More from this section KSRTC's tourist services to Arippa, Kudukathupara lure trek lovers Ready to sail around the globe, Abhilash Tomy needs sponsors Accidents, atrocities surge in Varkala tourism spot KSRTC's Haripad to Malakkapara service receives huge response Kerala makes registration must for adventure tourism activities News in Videos News+ Kerala India NRI World Columns Features Offbeat Good News Crime Leisure Movies & Music Sports Travel Books Learn Money Education Agriculture Lifestyle Health Tech Food Astrology Multimedia Gallery Videos Mojo News News In Pics Our Network Malayalam Print Mathrubhumi News TV Kappa TV Club FM Seed Silver Bullet FindHome Media School MBIFL Redmic

Antique English Oak Circa 1890 Military Campaign Chest Of Drawers Lovely Size | English Antique Victorian English Antique Victorian Menu Home Contact Form Privacy Policy Service Agreement Antique English Oak Circa 1890 Military Campaign Chest Of Drawers Lovely Size October 12, 2020 antique Wimbledon-Furniture is delighted to offer for sale this lovely solid English oak Military Campaign style chest of drawers. A good looking and well made chest, its very utilitarian, it would suit pretty much any location and would work in any setting. These are original campaign drawers and date to circa 1890, they are solid oak as mentioned. We have cleaned waxed and polished them from top to bottom, they have all the original patina still in place as desired by all collectors. Please note all measurements are taken at the widest point, if you would like any additional or specific measurements please ask. This item is available for collection from our Wimbledon warehouses SW19-3BE, we can have it delivered nationwide to include Scotland Wales and Ireland. Wimbledon-Furniture is a privately owned family ran business out of Wimbledon SW19, we have four large storage warehouses, if you have any questions my number is under the business sellers information, please feel free to call or text. Please view the very detailed pictures as they form part of the description around condition. Please note vintage period and original items such as leather seating will always have natural patina in the form of cracking creasing and wear, we recommend regular waxing to ensure no moisture is lost, also hand dyed leather is not recommended to sit in direct sunlight for prolonged periods of time as it will dry out and fade. COURIER (LARGE ITEMS ONLY THAT CANT BE POSTED). Whoever delivers will always require help on the larger items to unload, the price you will be quoted will always be based on this assumption, if this is not possible please let us know as it will affect the price to send a two man team. The item “ANTIQUE ENGLISH OAK CIRCA 1890 MILITARY CAMPAIGN CHEST OF DRAWERS LOVELY SIZE” is in sale since Wednesday, September 9, 2020. This item is in the category “Antiques\Antique Furniture\Chests of Drawers\20th Century”. The seller is “wimbledon-furniture-01″ and is located in London Wimbledon. This item can be shipped worldwide. Style: Adams Material: Oak Original/Reproduction: Original Type: Bank of Drawers Written By: admin. Tagged: antique, campaign, chest, circa, drawers, english, lovely, military, size.

There are several reasons why this could occur. First, ensure your username and password are correct. If they are, contact the board owner to make sure you haven’t been banned. It is also possible the website owner has a configuration error on their end, and they would need to fix it. Top Why do I need to register at all? You may not have to, it is up to the administrator of the board as to whether you need to register in order to post messages. However; registration will give you access to additional features not available to guest users such as definable avatar images, private messaging, emailing of fellow users, usergroup subscription, etc. It only takes a few moments to register so it is recommended you do so. Top Why do I get logged off automatically? If you do not check the Log me in automatically box when you login, the board will only keep you logged in for a preset time. This prevents misuse of your account by anyone else. To stay logged in, check the box during login. This is not recommended if you access the board from a shared computer, e.g. library, internet cafe, university computer lab, etc. If you do not see this checkbox, it means the board administrator has disabled this feature. Top How do I prevent my username appearing in the online user listings? Within your User Control Panel, under “Board preferences”, you will find the option Hide your online status. Enable this option with Yes and you will only appear to the administrators, moderators and yourself. You will be counted as a hidden user. Top I’ve lost my password! Don’t panic! While your password cannot be retrieved, it can easily be reset. Visit the login page and click I’ve forgotten my password. Follow the instructions and you should be able to log in again shortly. Top I registered but cannot login! First, check your username and password. If they are correct, then one of two things may have happened. If COPPA support is enabled and you specified being under 13 years old during registration, you will have to follow the instructions you received. Some boards will also require new registrations to be activated, either by yourself or by an administrator before you can logon; this information was present during registration. If you were sent an e-mail, follow the instructions. If you did not receive an e-mail, you may have provided an incorrect e-mail address or the e-mail may have been picked up by a spam filer. If you are sure the e-mail address you provided is correct, try contacting an administrator. Top I registered in the past but cannot login any more?! It is possible an administrator has deactivated or deleted your account for some reason. Also, many boards periodically remove users who have not posted for a long time to reduce the size of the database. If this has happened, try registering again and being more involved in discussions. Top What is COPPA? COPPA, or the Child Online Privacy and Protection Act of 1998, is a law in the United States requiring websites which can potentially collect information from minors under the age of 13 to have written parental consent or some other method of legal guardian acknowledgment, allowing the collection of personally identifiable information from a minor under the age of 13. If you are unsure if this applies to you as someone trying to register or to the website you are trying to register on, contact legal counsel for assistance. Please note that the phpBB Group cannot provide legal advice and is not a point of contact for legal concerns of any kind, except as outlined below. Top Why can’t I register? It is possible the website owner has banned your IP address or disallowed the username you are attempting to register. The website owner could have also disabled registration to prevent new visitors from signing up. Contact a board administrator for assistance. Top What does the “Delete all board cookies” do? “Delete all board cookies” deletes the cookies created by phpBB which keep you authenticated and logged into the board. It also provides functions such as read tracking if they have been enabled by the board owner. If you are having login or logout problems, deleting board cookies may help. Top User Preferences and settings How do I change my settings? If you are a registered user, all your settings are stored in the board database. To alter them, visit your User Control Panel; a link can usually be found at the top of board pages. This system will allow you to change all your settings and preferences. Top The times are not correct! It is possible the time displayed is from a timezone different from the one you are in. If this is the case, visit your User Control Panel and change your timezone to match your particular area, e.g. London, Paris, New York, Sydney, etc. Please note that changing the timezone, like most settings, can only be done by registered users. If you are not registered, this is a good time to do so. Top I changed the timezone and the time is still wrong! If you are sure you have set the timezone and Summer Time/DST correctly and the time is still incorrect, then the time stored on the server clock is incorrect. Please notify an administrator to correct the problem. Top My language is not in the list! Either the administrator has not installed your language or nobody has translated this board into your language. Try asking the board administrator if they can install the language pack you need. If the language pack does not exist, feel free to create a new translation. More information can be found at the phpBB website (see link at the bottom of board pages). Top How do I show an image along with my username? There are two images which may appear along with a username when viewing posts. One of them may be an image associated with your rank, generally in the form of stars, blocks or dots, indicating how many posts you have made or your status on the board. Another, usually a larger image, is known as an avatar and is generally unique or personal to each user. It is up to the board administrator to enable avatars and to choose the way in which avatars can be made available. If you are unable to use avatars, contact a board administrator and ask them for their reasons. Top What is my rank and how do I change it? Ranks, which appear below your username, indicate the number of posts you have made or identify certain users, e.g. moderators and administrators. In general, you cannot directly change the wording of any board ranks as they are set by the board administrator. Please do not abuse the board by posting unnecessarily just to increase your rank. Most boards will not tolerate this and the moderator or administrator will simply lower your post count. Top When I click the e-mail link for a user it asks me to login? Only registered users can send e-mail to other users via the built-in e-mail form, and only if the administrator has enabled this feature. This is to prevent malicious use of the e-mail system by anonymous users. Top Posting Issues How do I post a topic in a forum? To post a new topic in a forum, click the relevant button on either the forum or topic screens. You may need to register before you can post a message. A list of your permissions in each forum is available at the bottom of the forum and topic screens. Example: You can post new topics, You can vote in polls, etc. Top How do I edit or delete a post? Unless you are a board administrator or moderator, you can only edit or delete your own posts. You can edit a post by clicking the edit button for the relevant post, sometimes for only a limited time after the post was made. If someone has already replied to the post, you will find a small piece of text output below the post when you return to the topic which lists the number of times you edited it along with the date and time. This will only appear if someone has made a reply; it will not appear if a moderator or administrator edited the post, though they may leave a note as to why they’ve edited the post at their own discretion. Please note that normal users cannot delete a post once someone has replied. Top How do I add a signature to my post? To add a signature to a post you must first create one via your User Control Panel. Once created, you can check the Attach a signature box on the posting form to add your signature. You can also add a signature by default to all your posts by checking the appropriate radio button in your profile. If you do so, you can still prevent a signature being added to individual posts by un-checking the add signature box within the posting form. Top How do I create a poll? When posting a new topic or editing the first post of a topic, click the “Poll creation” tab below the main posting form; if you cannot see this, you do not have appropriate permissions to create polls. Enter a title and at least two options in the appropriate fields, making sure each option is on a separate line in the textarea. You can also set the number of options users may select during voting under “Options per user”, a time limit in days for the poll (0 for infinite duration) and lastly the option to allow users to amend their votes. Top Why can’t I add more poll options? The limit for poll options is set by the board administrator. If you feel you need to add more options to your poll than the allowed amount, contact the board administrator. Top How do I edit or delete a poll? As with posts, polls can only be edited by the original poster, a moderator or an administrator. To edit a poll, click to edit the first post in the topic; this always has the poll associated with it. If no one has cast a vote, users can delete the poll or edit any poll option. However, if members have already placed votes, only moderators or administrators can edit or delete it. This prevents the poll’s options from being changed mid-way through a poll. Top Why can’t I access a forum? Some forums may be limited to certain users or groups. To view, read, post or perform another action you may need special permissions. Contact a moderator or board administrator to grant you access. Top Why can’t I add attachments? Attachment permissions are granted on a per forum, per group, or per user basis. The board administrator may not have allowed attachments to be added for the specific forum you are posting in, or perhaps only certain groups can post attachments. Contact the board administrator if you are unsure about why you are unable to add attachments. Top Why did I receive a warning? Each board administrator has their own set of rules for their site. If you have broken a rule, you may be issued a warning. Please note that this is the board administrator’s decision, and the phpBB Group has nothing to do with the warnings on the given site. Contact the board administrator if you are unsure about why you were issued a warning. Top How can I report posts to a moderator? If the board administrator has allowed it, you should see a button for reporting posts next to the post you wish to report. Clicking this will walk you through the steps necessary to report the post. Top What is the “Save” button for in topic posting? This allows you to save passages to be completed and submitted at a later date. To reload a saved passage, visit the User Control Panel. Top Why does my post need to be approved? The board administrator may have decided that posts in the forum you are posting to require review before submission. It is also possible that the administrator has placed you in a group of users whose posts require review before submission. Please contact the board administrator for further details. Top How do I bump my topic? By clicking the “Bump topic” link when you are viewing it, you can “bump” the topic to the top of the forum on the first page. However, if you do not see this, then topic bumping may be disabled or the time allowance between bumps has not yet been reached. It is also possible to bump the topic simply by replying to it, however, be sure to follow the board rules when doing so. Top Formatting and Topic Types What is BBCode? BBCode is a special implementation of HTML, offering great formatting control on particular objects in a post. The use of BBCode is granted by the administrator, but it can also be disabled on a per post basis from the posting form. BBCode itself is similar in style to HTML, but tags are enclosed in square brackets [ and ] rather than < and >. For more information on BBCode see the guide which can be accessed from the posting page. Top Can I use HTML? No. It is not possible to post HTML on this board and have it rendered as HTML. Most formatting which can be carried out using HTML can be applied using BBCode instead. Top What are Smilies? Smilies, or Emoticons, are small images which can be used to express a feeling using a short code, e.g. :) denotes happy, while :( denotes sad. The full list of emoticons can be seen in the posting form. Try not to overuse smilies, however, as they can quickly render a post unreadable and a moderator may edit them out or remove the post altogether. The board administrator may also have set a limit to the number of smilies you may use within a post. Top Can I post images? Yes, images can be shown in your posts. If the administrator has allowed attachments, you may be able to upload the image to the board. Otherwise, you must link to an image stored on a publicly accessible web server, e.g. http://www.example.com/my-picture.gif. You cannot link to pictures stored on your own PC (unless it is a publicly accessible server) nor images stored behind authentication mechanisms, e.g. hotmail or yahoo mailboxes, password protected sites, etc. To display the image use the BBCode [img] tag. Top What are global announcements? Global announcements contain important information and you should read them whenever possible. They will appear at the top of every forum and within your User Control Panel. Global announcement permissions are granted by the board administrator. Top What are announcements? Announcements often contain important information for the forum you are currently reading and you should read them whenever possible. Announcements appear at the top of every page in the forum to which they are posted. As with global announcements, announcement permissions are granted by the board administrator. Top What are sticky topics? Sticky topics within the forum appear below announcements and only on the first page. They are often quite important so you should read them whenever possible. As with announcements and global announcements, sticky topic permissions are granted by the board administrator. Top What are locked topics? Locked topics are topics where users can no longer reply and any poll it contained was automatically ended. Topics may be locked for many reasons and were set this way by either the forum moderator or board administrator. You may also be able to lock your own topics depending on the permissions you are granted by the board administrator. Top What are topic icons? Topic icons are author chosen images associated with posts to indicate their content. The ability to use topic icons depends on the permissions set by the board administrator. Top User Levels and Groups What are Administrators? Administrators are members assigned with the highest level of control over the entire board. These members can control all facets of board operation, including setting permissions, banning users, creating usergroups or moderators, etc., dependent upon the board founder and what permissions he or she has given the other administrators. They may also have full moderator capabilities in all forums, depending on the settings put forth by the board founder. Top What are Moderators? Moderators are individuals (or groups of individuals) who look after the forums from day to day. They have the authority to edit or delete posts and lock, unlock, move, delete and split topics in the forum they moderate. Generally, moderators are present to prevent users from going off-topic or posting abusive or offensive material. Top What are usergroups? Usergroups are groups of users that divide the community into manageable sections board administrators can work with. Each user can belong to several groups and each group can be assigned individual permissions. This provides an easy way for administrators to change permissions for many users at once, such as changing moderator permissions or granting users access to a private forum. Top Where are the usergroups and how do I join one? You can view all usergroups via the “Usergroups” link within your User Control Panel. If you would like to join one, proceed by clicking the appropriate button. Not all groups have open access, however. Some may require approval to join, some may be closed and some may even have hidden memberships. If the group is open, you can join it by clicking the appropriate button. If a group requires approval to join you may request to join by clicking the appropriate button. The user group leader will need to approve your request and may ask why you want to join the group. Please do not harass a group leader if they reject your request; they will have their reasons. Top How do I become a usergroup leader? A usergroup leader is usually assigned when usergroups are initially created by a board administrator. If you are interested in creating a usergroup, your first point of contact should be an administrator; try sending a private message. Top Why do some usergroups appear in a different colour? It is possible for the board administrator to assign a colour to the members of a usergroup to make it easy to identify the members of this group. Top What is a “Default usergroup”? If you are a member of more than one usergroup, your default is used to determine which group colour and group rank should be shown for you by default. The board administrator may grant you permission to change your default usergroup via your User Control Panel. Top What is “The team” link? This page provides you with a list of board staff, including board administrators and moderators and other details such as the forums they moderate. Top Private Messaging I cannot send private messages! There are three reasons for this; you are not registered and/or not logged on, the board administrator has disabled private messaging for the entire board, or the board administrator has prevented you from sending messages. Contact a board administrator for more information. Top I keep getting unwanted private messages! You can block a user from sending you private messages by using message rules within your User Control Panel. If you are receiving abusive private messages from a particular user, inform a board administrator; they have the power to prevent a user from sending private messages. Top I have received a spamming or abusive e-mail from someone on this board! We are sorry to hear that. The e-mail form feature of this board includes safeguards to try and track users who send such posts, so e-mail the board administrator with a full copy of the e-mail you received. It is very important that this includes the headers that contain the details of the user that sent the e-mail. The board administrator can then take action. Top Friends and Foes What are my Friends and Foes lists? You can use these lists to organise other members of the board. Members added to your friends list will be listed within your User Control Panel for quick access to see their online status and to send them private messages. Subject to template support, posts from these users may also be highlighted. If you add a user to your foes list, any posts they make will be hidden by default. Top How can I add / remove users to my Friends or Foes list? You can add users to your list in two ways. Within each user’s profile, there is a link to add them to either your Friend or Foe list. Alternatively, from your User Control Panel, you can directly add users by entering their member name. You may also remove users from your list using the same page. Top Searching the Forums How can I search a forum or forums? Enter a search term in the search box located on the index, forum or topic pages. Advanced search can be accessed by clicking the “Advance Search” link which is available on all pages on the forum. How to access the search may depend on the style used. Top Why does my search return no results? Your search was probably too vague and included many common terms which are not indexed by phpBB3. Be more specific and use the options available within Advanced search. Top Why does my search return a blank page!? Your search returned too many results for the webserver to handle. Use “Advanced search” and be more specific in the terms used and forums that are to be searched. Top How do I search for members? Visit to the “Members” page and click the “Find a member” link. Top How can I find my own posts and topics? Your own posts can be retrieved either by clicking the “Search user’s posts” within the User Control Panel or via your own profile page. To search for your topics, use the Advanced search page and fill in the various options appropriately. Top Topic Subscriptions and Bookmarks What is the difference between bookmarking and subscribing? Bookmarking in phpBB3 is much like bookmarking in your web browser. You aren’t alerted when there’s an update, but you can come back to the topic later. Subscribing, however, will notify you when there is an update to the topic or forum on the board via your preferred method or methods. Top How do I subscribe to specific forums or topics? To subscribe to a specific forum, click the “Subscribe forum” link upon entering the forum. To subscribe to a topic, reply to the topic with the subscribe checkbox checked or click the “Subscribe topic” link within the topic itself. Top How do I remove my subscriptions? To remove your subscriptions, go to your User Control Panel and follow the links to your subscriptions. Top Attachments What attachments are allowed on this board? Each board administrator can allow or disallow certain attachment types. If you are unsure what is allowed to be uploaded, contact the board administrator for assistance. Top How do I find all my attachments? To find your list of attachments that you have uploaded, go to your User Control Panel and follow the links to the attachments section. Top phpBB 3 Issues Who wrote this bulletin board? This software (in its unmodified form) is produced, released and is copyright phpBB Group. It is made available under the GNU General Public License and may be freely distributed. See the link for more details. Top Why isn’t X feature available? This software was written by and licensed through phpBB Group. If you believe a feature needs to be added, or you want to report a bug, please visit the phpBB Area51 website, where you will find resources to do so. Top Who do I contact about abusive and/or legal matters related to this board? Any of the administrators listed on the “The team” page should be an appropriate point of contact for your complaints. If this still gets no response then you should contact the owner of the domain (do a whois lookup) or, if this is running on a free service (e.g. Yahoo!, free.fr, f2s.com, etc.), the management or abuse department of that service. Please note that the phpBB Group has absolutely no jurisdiction and cannot in any way be held liable over how, where or by whom this board is used. Do not contact the phpBB Group in relation to any legal (cease and desist, liable, defamatory comment, etc.) matter not directly related to the phpBB.com website or the discrete software of phpBB itself. If you do e-mail phpBB Group about any third party use of this software then you should expect a terse response or no response at all. Top Jump to: Select a forum ------------------ News Announcement Sezam - Buy it Now Антенный маркет Digisat.ru HDSAT.BY Sat.com.ru Юг///TELESAT Sezam - Enigma mips EGAMI Team EGAMI - Sezam Marvel EGAMI - Sezam 5000HD EGAMI - Sezam 1000HD EGAMI - Images Sezam Marvel Sezam 5000HD Sezam 1000HD Sezam Bootloaders OpenATV Team OpenATV Sezam Marvel OpenATV - Sezam 5000HD OpenATV - Sezam 1000HD Official OpenATV forum E2 Teams Plugins & Skins EMU How To Enigma 2 Backup Sezam community Spark - Enigma sh4 Fulan Spark AR-P Team openATV Made by Google Chromecast Ultra

Gartner predicts that through 2022, only 20% of organizations investing in information governance will succeed in scaling governance for digital business. That’s a lot of failure. Data governance is a challenging discipline, for reasons that are fairly well known. Attend any data governance conference and you will hear a lot of talk about insufficient funding and lack of executive support, the absence of a single data governance tool or technology in the market that satisfies all (or most) business requirements, and the difficulty of finding skilled resources. More fundamentally, I believe that there is often a lack of understanding and agreement on what exactly constitutes data governance, which makes it difficult to present abusiness case and execute data governance initiatives successfully.There is no dearth of definitionsof data governance, but they are often abstract and do not provide guidance on how to go about it, raising the question: how do we govern data governance? In practical terms, I like to think of data governance in terms of seven dimensions or competencies.Using these competencies we can apply portfolio management techniques to data governance which creates clarity for all stakeholders, enables us to use well-known practices, and improves the ability to deliver data governance initiatives successfully. This approach also us to clearly define the risks and rewards of the initiatives, and create a business case. The seven dimensions of data governance are as follows. Master data:The goal of mastering data is to bring together fragmented data in one place for all the important “nouns” of the business – employees, customers, products, suppliers, patients, providers and so on. This data fragmentation may be in terms of completeness (customer name is in one database, date of birth in another), quality (multiple address may be spread across multiple databases, all at variable levels of cleanliness) and quantity (some customers are in one database, some in another). MDM improves data quality and consistency, enables business stewardship of data, and reduces IT implementation costs, and is perhaps the second most widely accepted and matured data governance dimension in existence today. Reference data: Reference data is that which further clarifies important data entities (akin to adjectives and adverbs); for example, customer state or zip code, supplier reliability rating and customer order payment type.Industry specific terminologies, for example ICD codes in healthcare, are also examples of reference data. Reference data is the glue that holds together systems and provides consistency to reporting and analytics, and yet arguably the most undervalued of the data governance dimensions. Metadata: Metadata, famously the “data about data” describes your data. For example, the metadata about customer last name could include the list of application systems where that data field is held and how it is stored in each system (20 characters wide in one system, 15 characters wide in another system). Metadata can be strung together to build data lineage, which helps us understand detailed, end-to-end data provenance, and figure out (for example) why the last few characters of an individual’s last name were truncated in a downstream report. Collecting and managing metadata can be laborious and of questionable value, which is why many organizations hesitate to invest substantially in this form of data governance. However, a clear vision and proper stakeholder participation can yield substantial ROI in terms of improved quality of software development, improved data quality and efficient compliance reporting. Information Catalogs: In the context of data governance, information catalogs typically refer to either data or reports catalogs. The terms are self-descriptive. A data catalog lists information about different data sets available across the enterprise (or some part of the enterprise), while a reports catalog lists the different reports (including dashboards etc.) across a set of application or reporting systems. This information held in the catalogs is in fact the metadata described above: the information catalog holds metadata about data sets and reports. The primary benefit of information catalogs to enable faster search of information assets, improving productivity. A good reports catalog helps users find existing reports and prevent duplicate report requests, which can yield very high return on investment. Business Vocabularies: As business has become complex, so has the business vocabulary. How can a company report on customer churn rate without first precisely define the terms customer and churn rate? How do you define an attending physician for a patient that was seen by several physicians and specialists during a hospital stay? For an organization to speak the same language, they must first agree on a common vocabulary. (Taxonomies and ontologies fall in this dimension as well.) Defining and implementing processes for business vocabulary governance yields rich dividends in business efficiency and analytic accuracy. Data Quality:Data quality is perhaps the oldest data governance competency, and hence often considered synonymous with it. Data quality problems can be extremely wide-ranging, from unclean addresses (leading to returned mail costing hundreds of thousands of dollars) to complex, systemic problems related to other dimensions of data governance (for example, fragmented master data or inconsistent reference data) that can be difficult to detect and even more difficult and expensive to correct. This makes data quality governance a potentially nebulous activity, difficult to scope unless there is a clear vision and well defined business drivers. Big Data/Analytics:These are heady times for big data and artificial intelligence/machine learning, not unlike the California gold rush of the mid-nineteenth century. There is gold in the mountains of data, and everyone is off to mine it, loaded with all kinds of tools and improvisations. Governance is not uppermost in their minds, but there is a growing awareness of the need to integrate data lakes and big data analytics into enterprise data governance. New generation data catalog tools have taken the lead in this regard, but much more needs to happen. To fully define a data governance problem or goal and deliver an initiative, we also need to apply a data governance framework to each of the above, which is a topic for a different day. What is your experience with data governance? I look forward to hearing about it. Rajan Chandras is director information management at NYU Langone Health, a premier academic medical center headquartered in New York City. His responsibilities include data architecture and strategy, master data management, data governance, and big data. The views expressed here are his own and not necessarily those of his employer. See Also: Top Enterprise Information Management Consulting/Services Companies Data Management ROI ON THE DECK Enterprise Information Management 2020 Top Vendors Enterprise Information Management 2019 Top Vendors Enterprise Information Management 2018 Top Vendors Enterprise Information Management 2017 Top Vendors Previous Next Featured Vendors Docufree: Surviving Our World of Information Chaos Rivet Logic: Delivering Riveting Digital Experiences Boston Government Services (BGS): Robust Cybersecurity and IT Solutions Provider NEOSTEK: Precision Records Information Management To Facilitate Modernization Logic Point: Bridging Digital Transformation Gaps in Asset-Intensive Industries Boston Government Services (BGS): Robust Cybersecurity and IT Solutions Provider Salsify: An Agile Approach to Product Information Delivery OpenText: Unleash the Power of Information Northern Apex: Automating Information Management for Smarter Businesses EidosMedia: Create, leverage and Distribute Information Datasource Consulting Achieve Internet: Driving End-To-End Digital Transformation Global Data Excellence: The Drivers of Ultimate Value Creation Io-Tahoe: Unleashing the Power of Smart Data Discovery PD Command: Turn-key Product Information Boosts E-Commerce Profisee: Connecting the Dots in Real Time Kodak Alaris: The Apex Of Enterprise Information Intelligence GlassIG: Information Governance Simplified iMiDiA: Kindling the Next-Gen Data-Driven Programs 4 EDITOR'S PICK Essential Technology Elements Necessary To Enable... By Leni Kaufman, VP & CIO, Newport News Shipbuilding Comparative Data Among Physician Peers By George Evans, CIO, Singing River Health System Monitoring Technologies Without Human Intervention By John Kamin, EVP and CIO, Old National Bancorp Unlocking the Value of Connected Cars By Elliot Garbus, VP-IoT Solutions Group & GM-Automotive... Digital Innovation Giving Rise to New Capabilities By Gregory Morrison, SVP & CIO, Cox Enterprises Staying Connected to Organizational Priorities is Vital... By Alberto Ruocco, CIO, American Electric Power Comprehensible Distribution of Training and Information... By Sam Lamonica, CIO & VP Information Systems, Rosendin... The Current Focus is On Comprehensive Solutions By Sergey Cherkasov, CIO, PhosAgro Big Data Analytics and Its Impact on the Supply Chain By Pascal Becotte, MD-Global Supply Chain Practice for the... Technology's Impact on Field Services By Stephen Caulfield, Executive Director, Global Field... Carmax, the Automobile Business with IT at the Core By Shamim Mohammad, SVP & CIO, CarMax The CIO's role in rethinking the scope of EPM for... By Ronald Seymore, Managing Director, Enterprise Performance... Driving Insurance Agent Productivity with Mobile and Big... By Brad Bodell, SVP and CIO, CNO Financial Group, Inc. Transformative Impact On The IT Landscape By Jim Whitehurst, CEO, Red Hat Get Ready for an IT Renaissance: Brought to You by Big... By Clark Golestani, EVP and CIO, Merck Four Initiatives Driving ECM Innovation By Scott Craig, Vice President of Product Marketing, Lexmark... Technology to Leverage and Enable By Dave Kipe, SVP, Global Operations, Scholastic Inc. Speed is the Name of the Game By Meerah Rajavel, CIO, Forcepoint AI is the New UI-AI + UX + DesignOps By Amit Bahree, Executive, Global Technology and Innovation,... Evolving Role of the CIO - Enabling Business Execution... By Greg Tacchetti, CIO, State Auto Insurance Twitter Tweets by @cioreview Read Also Are you using time differently? Joe Doria, CMO, Broadcom Making Future secure Through AIML Technology Paige H. Adams, Group Chief Information Security Officer, Zurich Insurance Company AI Has Potential But is Not Yet a Reality in Construction Tech Matthew Ohlman, CTO, Shadow Ventures Framing the Global P2P Payments Platform Build vs. Buy Debate for... Rebecca Mann, SVP, Global Head of Enterprise Partnerships Commercial Development, Western Union Don't let hackers ruin your company's brands Elisa Cooper, Head of Marketing, GoDaddy Corporate Domains Looking Beyond the Digital Front Door Tom Barnett, Chief Information and Digital Officer, Baptist Memorial Health Care I agree We use cookies on this website to enhance your user experience. By clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies. More info http://www.usalistingdirectory.com/index.php?list=latest Copyright © 2021 CIOReview. All rights reserved. Contact | Subscribe | Advertise with us | Sitemap Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy | Disclaimer newsdesc This content is copyright protected However, if you would like to share the information in this article, you may use the link below: https://enterprise-information-management.cioreview.com/cxoinsight/the-seven-dimensions-of-data-governance-nid-30334-cid-184.html

Afrikaans Shqip አማርኛ العربية Հայերեն Azərbaycan dili Euskara Беларуская мова বাংলা Bosanski Български Català Cebuano Chichewa 简体中文 繁體中文 Corsu Hrvatski Čeština‎ Dansk Nederlands English Esperanto Eesti Filipino Suomi Français Frysk Galego ქართული Deutsch Ελληνικά ગુજરાતી Kreyol ayisyen Harshen Hausa Ōlelo Hawaiʻi עִבְרִית हिन्दी Hmong Magyar Íslenska Igbo Bahasa Indonesia Gaelige Italiano 日本語 Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ Қазақ тілі ភាសាខ្មែរ 한국어 كوردی‎ Кыргызча ພາສາລາວ Latin Latviešu valoda Lietuvių kalba Lëtzebuergesch Македонски јазик Malagasy Bahasa Melayu മലയാളം Maltese Te Reo Māori मराठी Монгол ဗမာစာ नेपाली Norsk bokmål پښتو فارسی Polski Português ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Română Русский Samoan Gàidhlig Српски језик Sesotho Shona سنڌي සිංහල Slovenčina Slovenščina Afsoomaali Español Basa Sunda Kiswahili Svenska Тоҷикӣ தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو O‘zbekcha Tiếng Việt Cymraeg isiXhosa יידיש Yorùbá Zulu Sign in Welcome! Log into your account your username your password Forgot your password? Get help Privacy Policy Password recovery Recover your password your email A password will be e-mailed to you. EnterpriseTalk News Interviews Featured Interviews Hot Seat Podcasts Innovation Corner Articles Insights Quick Bytes Guest Author Editor’s View Use Cases Events Resources Home Guest Author How AI Can Build More Resilient Businesses in the Pandemic and Beyond Guest Author How AI Can Build More Resilient Businesses in the Pandemic and Beyond By Vikram Mahidhar - May 26, 2020 As COVID-19 continues to drive disruption globally, some companies may be questioning whether they should be pursuing their digital transformation ambitions. However, businesses need to consider before applying the brakes on innovation projects. For many, the addition of artificial intelligence (AI) in their strategies will help them survive the pandemic and thrive beyond it. With advanced business modeling and data analysis delivering insights, AI can provide companies with the adaptive capabilities required to remain resilient throughout the current situation, and ultimately drive long-term success. Indeed, harnessing AI can help businesses create the ultimate competitive advantage- better customer experience. Genpact’s latest AI360 study provides perspectives from 500 global senior executives and 4,000 workers, and UK executives about top AI benefits. How the CIO Role Will Evolve Post Covid-19 Pandemic Before deciding whether to pause AI implementations or not, companies must consider their options strategically. Crucially, they should be assessing which efforts will bring the greatest value right now, and how they can make the most of AI to create a better customer experience that will ensure deeper relationships. There are three key areas businesses should prioritize: Focusing employees on the most important tasks The current mass shift to remote working has highlighted the value of digital operations. Many businesses have found that with the right smart tools — particularly online collaboration and cloud-based platforms — they can continue to function effectively and even more efficiently than before. In Genpact’s survey, senior executives say a key AI benefit is freeing up employees to focus on more important responsibilities. With AI shouldering the burden of labor and time-intensive repetitive admin tasks, unrestricted creative thinkers and sales drivers have more time to redirect their efforts to deliver the best possible experiences to customers. Empowering workforce knowledge AI can deliver vital intelligence to help businesses make tough decisions faster, which is even more critical during the pandemic. For example, demand and supply problems can be difficult to predict in the current environment, and AI can help arm employees with more intelligence to respond quickly across the enterprise. By empowering their employees with AI tools, they can connect the dots and analyze trends quickly, with technology that continually learns and creates scenarios to enable more strategic decisions. But this only works if companies educate their employees about how to use AI effectively. COVID-19 Impact – Gartner Lowers Global IT Spending Projection for 2020 The majority of UK senior executives in Genpact’s study agree that AI upskilling is important: 61% say they’re talking about providing employees with training. But it seems these good intentions aren’t always translating into action today, with less than a third (31%) of UK respondents saying their companies currently provide reskilling. Clearly, it’s an urgent need for businesses to bridge the skills gap. Maintaining customer confidence While two-thirds of global consumers in Genpact’s survey feel AI has positively impacted their lives, 60% say they will still expect to be served by humans when they look ahead to the next two years. Businesses must, therefore, keep a careful watch on how to integrate AI with customer experience processes to ensure consumers feel comfortable with interactions, and ultimately drive loyalty. Additionally, while more than half (53%) of global consumers are comfortable with companies using smart tech to manage their data, 67% are concerned that machine-based decision-making might lead to discrimination against them. As intelligent tools become a more common feature of customer-facing touchpoints and enhance the analytics that drives decisions, it is essential for businesses to ensure AI applications align with what customers actually want for a superior experience. This is particularly important as the global pandemic drives huge shifts in how consumers decide what to buy and from whom. IDC: Global Cloud IT Infrastructure Exceeded Spending on Non-cloud IT Infrastructure The steps businesses take today can significantly impact their fortunes tomorrow, and AI plays a vital role. But finding the best path through difficult times will require a considered strategy for maximizing AI opportunities. To secure sustained success, companies must allocate resources to areas that will increase their productivity and competitive edge. By empowering employees with the knowledge to drive maximum value from AI and freeing them up to think more creatively about important decisions, businesses can vastly improve customer experiences and build resilience to inevitable and continued change. TAGS AI AI up skilling AI upskilling artificial intelligence CEO CIO Coronavirus COVID-19 CTO Customer Experience Customers demand and supply Digital Transformation empowering employees Genpact innovation pandemic project report resilience skills gap strategic decisions Survey trends Linkedin Twitter Facebook Previous articleVirtual Meetings have become an Integral Part of the ‘New Normal’ Next articlecnvrg.io Releases New Streaming Endpoints With One-click Deployment for Real-time Machine Learning Applications Vikram Mahidhar https://enterprisetalk.com/ Vikram Mahidhar is an entrepreneur, innovator, and advisor. At Genpact, he leads the Digital Transformation business, which drives large-scale business transformation using artificial intelligence, analytics, intelligent automation, and cloud for Genpact clients, which include a quarter of the Global Fortune 500. RELATED ARTICLESMORE FROM AUTHOR SEO Poisoning: How attackers are exploiting the uptick in browser usage Rapid Transformation: The Evolution of the IT and Business Relationship How Federated Query Connectors are raising the Bar on Analytics FEATURED ARTICLES Huawei Trade Restrictions May Be Scaled Back To Help Existing Customers May 20, 2019 Cloud Computing Costs Surged with More Businesses Supporting a Remote Workforce June 29, 2021 Four Ways CIOs can streamline their Legacy Technologies November 17, 2021 A Peer Knowledge Resource – By the CXO, For the CXO. Expert inputs on challenges, triumphs and innovative solutions from corporate Movers and Shakers in global Leadership space to add value to business decision making. Media@EnterpriseTalk.com Sales@EnterpriseTalk.com Contact Us Top Picks Goliath Technologies Launches Multi-Cloud Monitoring Solution AbsenceSoft Expands Leadership Position in the Absence Management Market with Presagia Acquisition Pluralsight Appoints Greg Ceccarelli to EVP and General Manager of Pluralsight Flow Brivo Surpasses 1 Million Mobile Access Control Credentials, Expands Keyless Building Entry to Create Better Workplace and Resident Experiences

A new true crime documentary called 'Memories of a Murderer: The Nilsen Tapes' arrives on Netflix today. Here's everything you need to know. 'Memories of a Murderer' depicts British serial killer, Dennis Nilsen, who confessed to killing 15 people in 1983. His crimes were first exposed by a clogged drain. Over a five-year period between the '70s and '80s, he picked up vulnerable young men and boys and lured them back to his home. There, he strangled them, before disposing of their bodies under the floorboards. 'Memories of a Murderer' includes unique access to personal archive that was left in Nilsen's cell after his death. It delves into over 250 hours of never-before-published cassette tapes of his private recordings. We learn of how Nilsen grew up from a young boy in a quiet Scottish fishing village to a cold-blooded murderer hunting in the streets of London. Aside from Nilsen's own voice, there are also interviews with police, journalists, survivors, and bereaved families in the doc. 'Memories of a Murderer' comes from the makers of 'Don't F**k with Cats'. It is 85 minutes long and on Netflix now. Watch a clip from the documentary below. Dennis Nilsen’s crimes were first exposed by a clogged drain. He later confessed to having killed 15 young men and boys in the 1970s and 1980s.

February 4, 2017 February 4, 2017 entirelyuseless Ethics, Politics, Uncategorized Basic Income, Culture, Economics, Elliot Milco, G. K. Chesterton, Labor, Markets, Progress, Socialism, St. Paul, Taxes, Time, Tradinista Collective Many plans for human society may be possible in the way that bringing back last Friday is impossible, and yet not be real human possibilities. It is easy for us to see this in the case of plans that correspond to things that have never existed, as for example the sort of plan proposed by people with socialist tendencies. For example, the Tradinista manifesto states: 8. Livelihood should not depend on the market. Markets are not unjust in themselves, but they become vehicles of exploitation when people must sell their labor-power on the market in order to survive. So, while citizens should be free to engage in market exchange, the polity should ensure that no basic needs – food, clothing, shelter, healthcare, etc. – go unmet, guaranteeing a livelihood independent of the market. Consider this as it stands. According to this, markets are “vehicles of exploitation” if I have no way to survive without selling my labor-power, that is, without getting a job. “The polity should ensure” that this does not happen. It must guarantee that if I prefer not to get a job, I do not need to get one, and that there remains a way for me to survive without one. Let’s suppose we live in such a polity, and I declare that I don’t like jobs, and I have decided that I will not get one. What happens now? How does the polity ensure that I can survive, and that I do not need to get a job? The tradinista response becomes somewhat confused when confronted directly with this question. They do not clearly state that they favor a Basic Income guarantee, but in fact this would be the only reasonable way to implement their requirement without making people who choose not to work into slaves, which would thereby nullify the idea that people are not obliged to work, as one can see after a little thought. We will look at this more closely below. The problem with the manifesto is not that it favors a basic income. It might well turn out that the idea is reasonable, and that someday it can be implemented in some society. But there is indeed a problem with the claim that this belongs to the very essence of a just society. There is simply no proof, nor good reasons to believe, that this is workable or conducive to human welfare in the real world and in presently existing societies. Suppose the USA were to adopt the above statement from the tradinista manifesto as a constitutional amendment. If they are right that this belongs to the nature of a just society, such an amendment would be commendable. First, some people may decide to stop working. I might do so myself, given my preference for the useless. “The polity” would be obliged to support these people. Whether given as money or in other forms, that support would be taken from taxes, which would mean that taxes would rise. This might make working for a living more uncomfortable for some others, and some of these might decide to stop working themselves. And so the process might well repeat until the whole of society is at the level of bare subsistence, and many would die, as a result of their borderline subsistence condition. Now there is no guarantee that we would get this result. But there is no guarantee that we would not, so the tradinista proposal does not make sense as a condition for a just society, unless they view this consequence as acceptable. All of this is in fact why St. Paul says, “For even when we were with you, we gave you this command: Anyone unwilling to work should not eat.” The tradinista site responds to this use of St. Paul: “He who does not work, neither shall he eat.” In using this line against the Manifesto Milco puts himself in the tradition of those many who have imagined an apodictic Apostolic anathematization of Left politics; he also demonstrates how little he understands the philosophy embedded in the Manifesto. Neither the Tradinista Collective nor any other Leftist thinkers imagine that human welfare might be decoupled from human labor. Indeed, in their relentless emphasis on the importance of the common worker, Leftists tend to emphasize just how essential work is to the maintenance and flourishing of society. Leftists do not differ from apologists of capital by devaluing labor – they differ in their view of how labor should be politically governed. One of the basic insights of the Left, to which the Manifesto is much indebted, is that the absence or near-invisibility of explicit physical coercion does not therefore make the market an arena of authentic human freedom. The Manifesto’s authors take for granted that in labor relations, in debts, and in interactions with the agents of state power, a liberal illusion of free and equal treatment under the law often hides instances of oppression and corruption – instances which liberals can endorse only because their worldview allows them to be overlooked. Once however they are not overlooked, the formal or legal distinction of free and unfree labor becomes only one important distinction among many. To rely solely on that distinction, to “outsource” decisions about the relations of workers to the market, seems to the authors of the Manifesto to be a kind of ethical abdication – a fine illustration of the weakness of moral philosophy in our times. This is virtually incoherent. Consider again the statement from the manifesto, that markets “become vehicles of exploitation when people must sell their labor-power on the market in order to survive.” What is the alternative? In the response above, they say in a roundabout way, although with much confusion, “yes, people will still have to work, or they won’t be able to survive.” But then either they are being paid for their work, and thus they are selling their labor, or they are not being paid. The implication of these alternatives is obvious: either you sell your labor for money, or you sell yourself into slavery. Your choice. Chesterton’s argument is that the above sort of argument should only apply to things that have never existed, such as socialism. It should not apply to arrangements that have actually existed in the real world. Times are all alike, so if something has existed in the past, it can exist again. The response to this is found in the last post. In many cases, neither the original arrangements nor the new arrangements came about by human planning. So we should not find it surprising if human planning cannot revert things to the original arrangement. In this sense, many changes in human society are in fact humanly irreversible. Leave a comment Search for: Recent Posts How to Build an Artificial Human Prayer and Probability Might People on the Internet Sometimes Tell the Truth? The Debunkers A Correction Regarding Laplace Recent Comments Kira on Employer and Employee Model of… Paul Kimball on Newman and Darwin benquo on Morality and Evolution The Debunkers | Enti… on A Correction Regarding La… entirelyuseless on A Correction Regarding La… Archives June 2021 August 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 June 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 Categories Catholicism Ethics History Journal Entries Logic Mathematics Metaphysics Politics Probability Religion Science Theology Uncategorized Meta Register Log in Entries feed Comments feed WordPress.com Tags Adam Alexander Pruss Aristotle Belief Bertrand Russell Blogging Brian Harrison Causes Certainty Choice Christ Color Consciousness Creation Culture David Hume Desire Development of Doctrine Disagreement Evidence Evil Evolution Faith Final Causes Form Formal Cause Future Genesis God Good Happiness Immanuel Kant Intelligence James Chastek Judaism Knowledge Language Love Material Cause Matter Miracles Mormonism Natural Laws Necessity Numbers Order Original Sin Paradoxes Parmenides Plato Pope Benedict XVI Pope Francis Prediction Predictive Processing Progress Rational Soul Relation Richard Dawkins Robin Hanson Scott Alexander Scripture Senses St. Augustine St. John St. Paul St. Thomas Technology Thought Time Truth Unity Vagueness Virtue Voluntary Beliefs Will

Discovering SEO Expert in Stockton on Tees Is absolutely not Very hard In the least! You merely Need to have A good Teacher! – Eood Affiliate Marketing 101 Eood Affiliate Marketing 101 Learn some tips that can help you choose the best plan for the affiliate marketing of your site. Home About Contact Us Privacy Policy Home About Contact Us Privacy Policy Discovering SEO Expert in Stockton on Tees Is absolutely not Very hard In the least! You merely Need to have A good Teacher! Posted on May 28, 2018 by Robert Collins Business Online And Ultizing Search Engine Optimisation The phrase “seo” means deliberately crafting elements of your website to boost its google search performance. People can also make lots of money from it. SEO is sometimes thought to be out from the reach of regular users. Don’t tune in to that! You ought to have only enough keywords to succeed at SEO. Will not include a lot more than twenty percent of keywords on your page. When attempting to boost your site’s search engine marketing, be patient. Significant changes cannot happen instantly. In contrast to what some may tell you, it could be months prior to starting to acquire a steady stream of traffic, especially when your blog just been built. In the same way by having an offline business, the reputation of a cyber business needs time to enhance. It is advisable to see how long they are in the market. To make a thoroughly researched and informed decision, you ought to be aware about the possible risks involved with your selection. Use header tags to your great advantage. Headers can often be too big, but CSS might be employed to regulate sizes. Headers are fantastic in that search engines like yahoo make use of them to build up site rankings. The most crucial areas of your page, just like the goods and services you will be offering, must be flagged with either H1 or H2 tags. Present yourself for an experienced veteran of your own field. This is an excellent technique for maximizing profits. Make sure that you build a site that has a specific targeted audience, simply because this will help you to better enhance your SEO strategy. Always remember to provide the shoppers what they really want, not what you believe they desire. Tend not to use Flash online you want to browse engine optimize. It will take forever to load and isn’t readable by search engines like google. To optimize a site for search engines like yahoo, the material needs to be visible and easily available to google search crawlers. To create a specific page of a website more google search friendly, include keywords within the page’s URL. In the event the page URL contains things people aren’t likely to check out, the page isn’t likely to get a high ranking. When you use relevant keywords, your website traffic will improve. Always include descriptive and efficient tags when attempting to enhance your SEO. Retain the tag under 30 words. This site needs to be you can forget then 100 KB. You entire website such be simple to navigate and read see Should you design a web site which happens to be simple to navigate and look at, including accessibility options like making the font size larger, you’ll discover that your blog ranks higher on search engines like yahoo. This is certainly excellent for both prospective customers with impairments and disabilities, plus your search ranking, too. Even though seo are often very perplexing for experts, it doesn’t must be closed off to the beginner. It is actually easy to perform a good job optimizing your blog on your own if you implement a couple of basic techniques much like the ones you simply read. Improved online traffic might be closer than you feel!. Related posts: The Worst Advices We’ve LisTened to For Peachtree City SEO. Hardly ever Underestimate The Affect Of Best seo company long beach 2017. Twelve Very good SEO’s Creative ideas That you Can Share With your Good friends. That’s why 2015 Would be the Year of Best Los Angeles SEO Expert 2018. Posted in Blog Tagged: search engine optimization. ← Seven Factors Why You can not Master Rank Tracking Software Well. How Facebook Makeover and Takeover Can help you Increase Your wellbeing. → Social Icon Chris Brogan Media: Strategic Advisory and Executive Leadership Services Chris Brogan Joins Appfire as Chief of Staff What Does it Mean to be Chris Brogan These Days? Chris Brogan and Kerry O’Shea Gorgone Release the $BKPK Cryptocurrency to Support the Backpack Show 37 Interview Questions You Could Ask a Podcast Guest My 3 Words for 2021 How the Beast is Us – by Chloë Forbes-Kindlen Company Culture at a Distance Personal Branding is Vital Now Content Marketing in 2020 Personal Leadership Recent Posts 8 Underlying factors Why Entrepreneur Mindset Is Frequent In Usa. Learn The talents of 8 figure dream lifestyle and become Thriving. 11 How to See Your YouTube Subscribers Tricks It’s worthwhile to Learn about Now. The Wonder Of Passive Income Ideas. The Hidden Agenda of How to make money online. Tags Advice Affiliate Marketing desktop computers email marketing facebook marketing Guide Ideas Internet Marketing iphone make money online mobile marketing online shopping reputation management search engine optimization social media marketing Tips video marketing web design web hosting

Application News Busy as a Bee Biobiene © (German for ‘bio-bee’) is an innovative range of packaging and foodware service products made entirely from biodegradable and compostable materials, such as co-polyester (PBAT) or PLA-PBATblends. From envelopes to microwavable plates and from packaging chips to party cups, all Biobiene items comply with stringent EN 13432 standards on biodegradability and compostability. So with no recovery obligations for manufacturer or vendor, disposal of Biobiene products is simple and sustainable – where a composting or biowaste disposal infrastructure is available. FSP – Full Service Packaging, a small company from Hilden, Germany with a passion for sustainability has developed the Biobiene range in collaboration with like-minded manufacturers of bioplastics. The range continues to expand. Translucent air cushions in 25μm film quality were introduced in 2009 and green air-cushion sheeting in 2010, both global ‘firsts’ - MT www.fsp-online.com Biobiene © air cushions provide excellent protection for fragile goods in transit. Available in small, medium and large, they can be delivered ready inflated, or on rolls for inflation as needed. Biobiene © air-cushion sheeting is a versatile packaging aid, available in a range of standard lengths up to 5 meters, on large or small rolls. Dutch flower bulbs wrapped in a pouch pack laminate featuring transparent NatureFlex NVS from Innovia Films Flower Bulb Packaging Three Dutch exporters decided to pack their range of flower bulbs in Innovia Films’ transparent, compostable cellulosebased material, NatureFlex NVS. This pouch pack is a tri-part lamination construction of NatureFlex NVS to paper and PLA and was developed by Assenbased converters, Hapece Flexible Packaging. Managing Director of Hapece, Marius Draayer, commented “Our customers were looking for an attractive, quality pack which was eco-friendly, innovative and would ensure the contents were clearly visible. From a converter’s point of view, the addition of NatureFlex NVS to this application has also ensured that the pack can stand upright due to the deadfold properties and stiffness it provides.” The three Dutch exporters who have joined forces on this project are Florex, Kapiteyn and Mantel Holland. They have set up a sub-brand for this range ‘We Pack Nature’ which is underpinned by the old Dutch saying “A better environment begins at home”. “NatureFlex ticks many boxes for both converters and brandowners”, explained Alexander van ’t Riet, Innovia Films’ Global Sales & Marketing Director “It offers not only compostability from a renewable resource but also great technical performance. Innovia Films is delighted to have worked closely with Hapece Flexible Packaging in developing this pack and enabling the We Pack Nature group to realise their objectives on this project.” NatureFlex films are certified to meet the European EN13432, American ASTM D6400 and Australian AS4736 standards for compostable packaging. The wood-pulp is sourced from managed plantations from referenced suppliers operating Good Forestry principals (FSC or equivalent). NatureFlex films typically have a renewable biobased content of some 95% by weight of material according to ASTM D6866. www.innoviafilms.com www.hapece.nl www.wepacknature.com 34 bioplastics MAGAZINE [03/11] Vol. 6 Application News PLA Capsules for Athletic Apparel Track & Field from Brazil, entered the sporting goods arena in 1988 and established the mission of promoting and contributing to people´s health and well-being by offering the best sporting goods possible. Today, they deliver cutting edge products that are rooted on four core principles: product performance, fiber technology, fashionable design and environmental consciousness. To meet all of these pillars, Track & Field combined its retail know-how with an ecological and innovative NatureWorks Ingeo PLA packaging solution. Through this partnership the Track & Field Capsules were created. The Track & Field Capsules are used to stock, showcase and transport the athletic apparel. The Capsules are based on the three R’s: • Re-use – clients are encouraged to use the Capsules, when storing wet outfits after workout and can return the Capsules to the store; • Reduce – Track & Field removed the previous non-ecological packaging of plastic garment sack and cardboard gift box and replaced with one Ingeo Capsule; • Recycle – the Capsules are made from plants instead of oil which makes it annually renewable and leaves a smaller carbon footprint. www.tf.com.br Blue Cat – Cat Litter Box Conventional cat-litter boxes use litter which absorbs fluids. The problem here is that the litter can be used for just one time and after that it has to thrown away. This means that the customer has a lot of awkward work with it. He has to buy, to carry, to handle and to dispose of a big volume of litter. With BLUE CAT the Austrian company Texocon e.U. of Dorf an der Pram, has started a new generation of products on the pet equipment market. The Blue Cat system uses PLA pearls with a special type of filler instead of conventional cat litter. The pearls do not absorb fluids. This characteristic means that Blue Cat litter can be used for a very long time. The Blue Cat concept makes sure that fluids flow away in a closed basin and so also avoids unpleasant odours. The customer simply has to remove the cat dirt – this is the reason why there is just a little wastage of Blue Cat litter. The volume of litter used can be reduced by about 95 % compared to the conventional systems. The bio-waste from the litter tray can be composted. Blue Cat reduces costs, makes handling much easier and saves time. Blue Cat takes care of the environment and does not create any dust in the customer’s home. For the production of the PLA granules Texocon cooperated with Transfercenter für Kunststofftechnik (TCKT) in Wels, Austria and Schorm Gesellschaft m.b.H of St. Valentin, Austria. In an under-water granulating system the extruded PLA strands are shaped into their final form. Initially it was not easy to find the right geometry. In first tests, most of the cats did not accept the granules. But after correcting size and density even the most ‘fastidious‘ cats appreciated the new bedding. MT www.blue-cat.at bioplastics MAGAZINE [03/11] Vol. 6 35

But Six-and-a-Half Avenue is a real street (inspired by Harry Potter?) tucked among the silver and gray office towers of Midtown between Sixth and Seventh Avenues. It was the Department of Transportation’s idea, apparently. In 2012, DOT officials wanted to encourage pedestrians to use the string of existing public plazas and covered passageways running almost in a straight line from 51st to 57th Streets. So Sixth-and-a-Half Avenue, ruled by stop signs rather than traffic lights, was born—the first fractional street in the city’s grid system. Half avenues, though, aren’t a new idea. In 1910, Mayor William Gaynor floated the possibility of building a half avenue between Fifth and Sixth Avenues from Eighth Street to 59th Street, bisecting Bryant Park. The unnamed half-avenue would help reduce traffic, said Gaynor. But like so many other ideas and proposals, it never went past the concept stage. [Image: New York Times] Tags:6.5 Avenue, Midtown Streets, New York Avenues, Sixth and a Half Avenue, Strange NYC Streets, weirdest streets in New York City Posted in Midtown, Transit | 4 Comments » Follow Ephemeral on Social View ephemeralnewyork’s profile on Facebook View @EphemeralNY’s profile on Twitter Follow Ephemeral New York via Email! Enter your email address to follow Ephemeral New York and receive notifications of new posts by email. Email Address: Follow Follow Ephemeral New York on WordPress.com Press Inquiries: THE GILDED AGE IN NEW YORK, 1870-1910 Kara Thornton, Publicist, Black Dog & Leventhal 212-364-0537 kara.thornton@hbgusa.com Get ENY’s Newest Book! The New York Times Recommends THE GILDED AGE IN NEW YORK Ephemeral New York's new book was described as "beguiling, lavishly illustrated" by Sam Roberts in his Bookshelf column December 2, 2016 Entertainment Weekly Puts THE GILDED AGE IN NEW YORK in their 2016 Gift Guide Thanks to EW for the kudos in their December 9 issue FORBES suggests THE GILDED AGE IN NEW YORK as a holiday gift Ephemeral New York's new book made it on their 2016 holiday gift idea list. THE GILDED AGE IN NEW YORK in the VILLAGE VOICE The Village Voice gave Ephemeral New York's new book a nice thumbs up. Search Ephemeral New York Search: Follow @ephemeralNY on Twitter My Tweets Ephemeral New York Ephemeral New York New York City in 3D in the New York Times New York City in 3D in the Gilded Age was referenced in a terrific Feb. 27 Travel section article about the city's Gilded Age past. Ephemeral New York in the New York Times! Thanks to Sam Roberts for featuring New York City in 3D in the Gilded Age in his Bookshelf column on Sunday, August 24 Ephemeral New York in the New York Post Ephemeral New York was featured in a wonderful NY Post story on July 20 on the Gilded Age city. Ephemeral New York in Mental Floss! Mental Floss magazine named ENY's new book "New York City in 3D in the Gilded Age" one of their 5 favorite reads for August 2014! ENY in Entertainment Weekly New York City in 3D in the Gilded Age made Entertainment Weekly's Must Have list for the week of June 27! Thanks to everyone for their support. Ephemeral New York in Off the Grid Ephemeral New York was interviewed in a July 25 piece in The Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation's blog, Off the Grid. Archives Archives Select Month November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 August 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 Ephemeral New York topics Ephemeral New York topics Select Category Animals with jobs art Bars and restaurants Beekman/Turtle Bay Bizarre deli names Bronx and City Island Brooklyn Cemeteries central park Chelsea Cool building names Defunct department stores Disasters and crimes East Village Fashion and shopping Flatiron District Gramercy/Murray Hill Hell’s Kitchen Holiday traditions Houses of worship Lower East Side Lower Manhattan Maps Meat-packing District Midtown Music Music, art, theater Old print ads Out-of-date guidebooks Poets and writers Politics Queens Random signage Schools Sketchy hotels SoHo Sports Staten Island theater Transit Uncategorized Union Square Upper East Side Upper Manhattan Upper West Side/Morningside Hts Urban beauty War memorials West Village

This week has turned out to be themed around vintage phone booths on Ephemeral New York. First came four glass beauties still extant along West End Avenue, the last remaining outdoor booths in New York City. Next up is another old-school telephone discovery: a row of wooden phone booths—with restored wood chairs, small tables, accordion doors, and amazingly, actual phones—along a wall inside the Harvard Club, at 27 West 44th Street. Did these booths once have pay phones? I’m not sure; perhaps part of being a club member meant the house picked up the charges. Members today, of course, would only duck into one to hold a private cell phone conversation. These old wood phone booths are a rare find in the contemporary city, but discovering and documenting them allows us to time travel back to a much different New York City. Until the 1980s and 1990s, every hotel and public building, as well as most restaurants, bars, and drugstores, had at least one public telephone booth along with a bulky paper phone directory for customers, clients, and locals who didn’t have a phone of their own. (And many people didn’t, often by choice. Imagine!) The Harvard Club itself has its own historical cred. Designed by Charles McKim and opened in 1894, the clubhouse featured a “grill room,” offices, a library, and a couple of card and billiard rooms. McKim, a Harvard man and club member who took no fee for his work, modeled the Georgian-style brick and limestone exterior to resemble those in Harvard Yard, according to the Harvard Club website. The club was expanded and renovated over the years, sometimes to create more space but also to keep up with social changes. In 1973, the ladies’ entrance to the club was removed and women were admitted as full members. Though some Harvard graduate programs admitted women, Harvard and its sister school, Radcliffe College, didn’t merge their admissions until 1975. [Top and second photos: Susan Schwartz; third photo: Wikipedia] Tags:Old wood phone booths, Vintage wood phone booths, Where Are Wood Phone Booths in New York City, Wood phone booths, Wood Phone Booths NYC, wooden phone booths New York City Posted in Midtown | 15 Comments » A Midtown bar that still has a wood phone booth October 22, 2018 Beer has been flowing at P.J. Clarke’s on Third Avenue and 55th Street since Chester Arthur was president. And while the place looks spiffier than it has in recent years, it’s still one of those old-school saloons that kept its Gilded Age decor, like stained glass, amber lights, and a pressed tin ceiling. There’s another old New York relic P.J. Clarke’s appears to have held onto: the bar’s wooden phone booth. Way back in the dinosaur era of payphones, every public place had one: a phone booth with a hinged door and small stool a person would tuck themselves into to make their call out of earshot. While the phone itself and the seat are no longer in the booth at P.J.’s, the booth itself is still there beside the end of the bar—only now it’s used to store glasses and napkins. Not convinced that this casket-like space was a phone booth? Check out how similar its shape is to these, spotted at the Park Avenue Armory in 2010, and this one, at Bill’s on 54th Street, ID’d in 2015. Tags:Midtown saloon Third Avenue, Old Bars in NYC, old phone booths New York City, P.J. Clarke's, Wood phone booths, Wood Phone Booths NYC Posted in Bars and restaurants, Midtown | 6 Comments » A wood telephone booth hides on 54th Street March 9, 2015 After an 88-year run in a townhouse on East 54th Street, Bill’s Gay Nineties closed in 2012. The shuttering of the former speakeasy turned saloon and restaurant was a big loss for New Yorkers who love a time warp and a mahogany bar. Reopened and rechristened Bill’s, it’s a cleaned-up version of the old place, with much of the same decor, framed old photos, and finishings (and the silver dollars long embedded into the floor). And luckily, the old wood telephone booth (with a phone with separate coin slots for quarters, dimes, and nickels!) off to the side of the front doors is still in place as well. Sightings of wood phone booths are rare in Manhattan, so it’s a relief that this one wasn’t turned into a coat check or closet. But why in the world does the staff keep one of those yellow wet-floor warning signs in there? Tags:Bill's 54th Street, Bill's Gay Nineties bar, midtown bars, old NYC bars, saloons of New York City, speakeasy New York City, Wood phone booths Posted in Bars and restaurants, Midtown, Music, art, theater | 4 Comments » Follow Ephemeral on Social View ephemeralnewyork’s profile on Facebook View @EphemeralNY’s profile on Twitter Follow Ephemeral New York via Email! Enter your email address to follow Ephemeral New York and receive notifications of new posts by email. Email Address: Follow Follow Ephemeral New York on WordPress.com Press Inquiries: THE GILDED AGE IN NEW YORK, 1870-1910 Kara Thornton, Publicist, Black Dog & Leventhal 212-364-0537 kara.thornton@hbgusa.com Get ENY’s Newest Book! The New York Times Recommends THE GILDED AGE IN NEW YORK Ephemeral New York's new book was described as "beguiling, lavishly illustrated" by Sam Roberts in his Bookshelf column December 2, 2016 Entertainment Weekly Puts THE GILDED AGE IN NEW YORK in their 2016 Gift Guide Thanks to EW for the kudos in their December 9 issue FORBES suggests THE GILDED AGE IN NEW YORK as a holiday gift Ephemeral New York's new book made it on their 2016 holiday gift idea list. THE GILDED AGE IN NEW YORK in the VILLAGE VOICE The Village Voice gave Ephemeral New York's new book a nice thumbs up. Search Ephemeral New York Search: Follow @ephemeralNY on Twitter My Tweets Ephemeral New York Ephemeral New York New York City in 3D in the New York Times New York City in 3D in the Gilded Age was referenced in a terrific Feb. 27 Travel section article about the city's Gilded Age past. Ephemeral New York in the New York Times! Thanks to Sam Roberts for featuring New York City in 3D in the Gilded Age in his Bookshelf column on Sunday, August 24 Ephemeral New York in the New York Post Ephemeral New York was featured in a wonderful NY Post story on July 20 on the Gilded Age city. Ephemeral New York in Mental Floss! Mental Floss magazine named ENY's new book "New York City in 3D in the Gilded Age" one of their 5 favorite reads for August 2014! ENY in Entertainment Weekly New York City in 3D in the Gilded Age made Entertainment Weekly's Must Have list for the week of June 27! Thanks to everyone for their support. Ephemeral New York in Off the Grid Ephemeral New York was interviewed in a July 25 piece in The Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation's blog, Off the Grid. Archives Archives Select Month November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 August 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 Ephemeral New York topics Ephemeral New York topics Select Category Animals with jobs art Bars and restaurants Beekman/Turtle Bay Bizarre deli names Bronx and City Island Brooklyn Cemeteries central park Chelsea Cool building names Defunct department stores Disasters and crimes East Village Fashion and shopping Flatiron District Gramercy/Murray Hill Hell’s Kitchen Holiday traditions Houses of worship Lower East Side Lower Manhattan Maps Meat-packing District Midtown Music Music, art, theater Old print ads Out-of-date guidebooks Poets and writers Politics Queens Random signage Schools Sketchy hotels SoHo Sports Staten Island theater Transit Uncategorized Union Square Upper East Side Upper Manhattan Upper West Side/Morningside Hts Urban beauty War memorials West Village

Epic Office Furniture offers FAST shipping to metropolitan areas! We aim to dispatch all stocked items to your address within 2-4 business days. If you have any questions regarding delivery, just give our friendly team a call on 1300 883 438. Need delivery above ground floor? If you are in a metropolitan zone and require your order to be delivered to an area above the ground floor, you can upgrade to our Premium Shipping service from $299. Let our expert team bring your items up to you rather than collecting them from a loading dock or kerbside. Due to the size of many of our products, we will require lift access to deliver your items to you, as we cannot obstruct stairways. Regional Shipping Epic Office Furniture aims to cater for everyone Australia-wide. If your delivery address is outside our standard metropolitan delivery zones, we offer competitive flat-rate shipping. There are some areas where the cost of shipping is too high to absorb or our carrier networks simply don’t go there. In these cases we will contact you with suitable alternatives. Assembly The majority of our office furniture is shipped flat packed for easy transport and to avoid damage. The furniture requires very easy assembly. Included with our furniture are detailed assembly instructions. No speciality tools are required. Installation If you don’t feel comfortable assembling your new office furniture or simply don’t have the time, we can organise installation for you at very reasonable prices – and we’ll even take away the rubbish! The installation fee includes our Premium Shipping service, so our team will bring your items to your space and assemble them for you! After you check out, we will ask you to provide basic information about the installation to ensure it runs smoothly. Assembly is available to most of our standard metropolitan shipping zones, but it is best to check with us prior to placing your order. If your delivery address falls outside our metropolitan zones, please call us to see if we can help you out with assembly. Please refer to our terms and conditions for further information. We accept all major credit cards. Epic Office Furniture accepts online payments via PayPal. Simply select PayPal as your payment method at checkout and follow the prompts to login to your account via the secure PayPal gateway and proceed to finalise payment. Buy now, pay later with AfterPay! Simply select AfterPay at checkout to login to your account and proceed. Transactions are subject to approval by Afterpay, terms and conditions will apply. Please visit www.afterpay.com.au for more information. Purchase Order This payment method is available for approved Government and Education Facilities only. When selecting Purchase Order as your payment method, please add your P.O. Number to the purchase order field. You will then be able to upload a copy of your purchase order on the confirmation page. Pay by Invoice If you select to pay by invoice, you will be sent a purchase invoice upon checkout completion and you can make payment via direct deposit or call us to make a credit card payment. Related products 10 x 1L bottles Gel Sanitiser $199.00 Join today and get 5% off your first order! Chairs Desks Storage Tables Workstations Subscribe to our newsletter Be the first to know about special offers, new products and more. Subscribe Contact Information See why our customer service really sets us apart. Our team are ready to help with any enquiry you may have! P: 1300 883 438 E: admin@epicofficefurniture.com.au ABN: 96 608 647 605 We ship to: Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, and to cities, towns, and regional areas around the country

Result of a survey of CEO backgrounds: Background: 55% of FTSE 100 chiefs have a background in finance or accounting. 15% come from marketing; 14% technology. The best industries for working through the ranks are retail and hospitality, where around 21% of bosses started out in lowly roles. Education: The majority of CEOs have at … Continue reading ‘The anatomy of a ( British) CEO’ » Filed under The way we live now | Comment Good news Posted by rhanrott on 2 December 2021, 9:08 pm It has been another record year for renewable energy, despite the Covid-19 pandemic and rising costs for raw materials around the world, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). About 290GW of new renewable energy generation capacity, mostly in the form of wind turbines and solar panels, has been installed around the world this year, … Continue reading ‘Good news’ » Filed under Enjoying your life | Comment Meditation Posted by rhanrott on 1 December 2021, 9:42 am “The Science of Meditation” is collaboration between the Dalai Lama, Richard Davidson and Daniel Goldman. It makes clear what works in meditation and what doesn’t, and explains why focusing our attention minute by minute on a single facet of consciousness (a mantra, our breath, stray thoughts) has such a dramatic impact on our well-being and … Continue reading ‘Meditation’ » Filed under Enjoying your life | Comment Love very much comes within the purview of Epicureanism Posted by rhanrott on 29 November 2021, 12:41 pm Love Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediment; love is not love which alters when it alteration finds Or bends with the remover to remove. Oh, no. It is an ever-fixed mark That looks on tempests and is never shaken. It is the star to every wandering bark Whose worth’s unknown, … Continue reading ‘Love very much comes within the purview of Epicureanism’ » Filed under The teachings of Epicurus | Comment Epicureanism in short Posted by rhanrott on 29 November 2021, 12:38 pm Epicureanism was never meant to be a dry academic philosophy. In fact, it is best kept away from academia, where, as usual with philosophy, long words render it dull, if not incomprehensible. Rather, it is a vital way of living which seeks to free men and women from a life of unhappiness, fear and anxiety. … Continue reading ‘Epicureanism in short’ » Filed under The teachings of Epicurus | Comment Netflix Posted by rhanrott on 26 November 2021, 9:48 am In 2020 Netflix paid £5million in taxes on a turnover of £1.15 billion. Last year saw its subscription base jump to 13 million. (The Week 22 Oct, 2021) My comment: I love Netflix, but I love equity and fairness more. Netflix should pay a fair rate of tax, and that means much, much more, not … Continue reading ‘Netflix’ » Filed under Public policy | Comment Maybe an historical event that had escaped your notice ? Posted by rhanrott on 25 November 2021, 9:53 am In 1839 a Cyclone slammed south eastern India with high winds and a 40 foot storm surge, destroying city of Coringa. Storm waves swept inland, destroying 20,000 ships and killing an estimated 300,000 people. My comment: Was that a freak, one-off event? I don’t know. Maybe no one knows. But it is the sort of … Continue reading ‘Maybe an historical event that had escaped your notice ?’ » Filed under Science, The way we live now | Comment Why do men do this? Posted by rhanrott on 24 November 2021, 11:45 am Along with various inalienable rights and governing principles, the tendency for men to talk over women has now been officially recognised by the US supreme court. Newly introduced rules to the structure of oral arguments are in place to address the issue of male justices and attorneys (extremely regularly) interrupting their female colleagues. Far from … Continue reading ‘Why do men do this?’ » Filed under Enjoying your life | Comment Good deal? Posted by rhanrott on 23 November 2021, 12:15 pm A propos yesterday’s posting about student accommodation……… a study by researchers at Georgetown University found the the inflation-adjusted costs of attending college rose 169% between 1980 and 2019. Over the same period the earnings for workers aged 22 to 27 rose 19%. (CNBC.com). My comment: One of the things I find amazing are the exorbitant … Continue reading ‘Good deal?’ » Filed under The way we live now | Comment Doing anything for money Posted by rhanrott on 22 November 2021, 6:31 pm A college dorm designed by Warren Buffet’s right hand man, Charlie Munger, is being compared to an 11 storey prison. Buffet has donated 200 million dollars to the University of California, Santa Barbara, provided they adopt Munger’s design, in which 94% of the rooms have no windows, the idea being to encourage students to spend … Continue reading ‘Doing anything for money’ » Filed under The way we live now | Comment Leaves you dumbfounded! Posted by rhanrott on 21 November 2021, 10:31 am A school-district official in Southlake, Texas was recorded advising staff to offer students “opposing views” and “other perspectives” on the Holocaust. Administrator, Gina Peddy, was responding to a new state law requiring schools to offer “diverse and contending perspectives” on “controversial issues”. A district spokeswomen said the law has left “all Texas teachers in a … Continue reading ‘Leaves you dumbfounded!’ » Filed under Politics and war | Comment A curse on guns in the hands of amateurs Posted by rhanrott on 20 November 2021, 9:22 am So the 18 year old, armed with an automatic weapon suited best for military use, is fully acquitted of murder. So be it. I respect jury verdicts. But there are people who question why a teenager would be allowed to possess such a weapon of war and intervene with it in public, apparently with the … Continue reading ‘A curse on guns in the hands of amateurs’ » Filed under Public policy | Comment Misrepresentation: the world’s great, burgeoning industry Posted by rhanrott on 19 November 2021, 10:03 am Paper Truths is a weekly newsletter that combs some of the darkest corners of the internet for disinformation and misinformation, analyzing the strategies and tactics, providing the tools needed to fight back against bad actors’ narratives. Every week it focuses on the issues that are at the center of American politics, outlining the facts that … Continue reading ‘Misrepresentation: the world’s great, burgeoning industry’ » Filed under Enjoying your life | Comment Quote of the week Posted by rhanrott on 18 November 2021, 9:36 am “Being President is like running a cemetery; you’ve got a lot of people under you and nobody is listening”. (President Bill Clinton, quoted in the Pittsburg Post-Gazette) Filed under The way we live now | Comment Is this a non-sequitur? Posted by rhanrott on 17 November 2021, 9:55 am Speculation has emerged that penguins may be aliens after scientists found traces of a chemical from Venus in their droppings. Experts are struggling to explain how phosphine exists on Earth – 38 million miles away from Venus. Scientists in the UK who believe alien life forms may have already been detected say studying penguins could … Continue reading ‘Is this a non-sequitur?’ » Filed under Science, Science and rationality | Comment Post navigation « Older Entries Search the Blog Search Recent Posts The anatomy of a ( British) CEO December 3, 2021 Good news December 2, 2021 Meditation December 1, 2021 Love very much comes within the purview of Epicureanism November 29, 2021 Epicureanism in short November 29, 2021 Netflix November 26, 2021 Maybe an historical event that had escaped your notice ? November 25, 2021 Posts Archive Posts Archive Select Month December 2021 (3) November 2021 (25) October 2021 (22) September 2021 (26) August 2021 (27) July 2021 (28) June 2021 (29) May 2021 (21) April 2021 (28) March 2021 (30) February 2021 (27) January 2021 (27) December 2020 (37) November 2020 (27) October 2020 (32) September 2020 (30) August 2020 (30) July 2020 (30) June 2020 (31) May 2020 (31) April 2020 (30) March 2020 (33) February 2020 (30) January 2020 (33) December 2019 (29) November 2019 (27) October 2019 (31) September 2019 (29) August 2019 (30) July 2019 (31) June 2019 (27) May 2019 (27) April 2019 (28) March 2019 (33) February 2019 (28) January 2019 (35) December 2018 (34) November 2018 (33) October 2018 (32) September 2018 (29) August 2018 (36) July 2018 (34) June 2018 (34) May 2018 (37) April 2018 (31) March 2018 (33) February 2018 (29) January 2018 (35) December 2017 (30) November 2017 (28) October 2017 (32) September 2017 (32) August 2017 (33) July 2017 (33) June 2017 (25) May 2017 (33) April 2017 (30) March 2017 (36) February 2017 (28) January 2017 (33) December 2016 (35) November 2016 (38) October 2016 (35) September 2016 (35) August 2016 (31) July 2016 (34) June 2016 (34) May 2016 (36) April 2016 (31) March 2016 (32) February 2016 (28) January 2016 (32) December 2015 (30) November 2015 (30) October 2015 (30) September 2015 (33) August 2015 (41) July 2015 (38) June 2015 (37) May 2015 (39) April 2015 (41) March 2015 (43) February 2015 (39) January 2015 (34) December 2014 (42) November 2014 (32) October 2014 (34) September 2014 (40) August 2014 (33) July 2014 (31) June 2014 (30) May 2014 (30) April 2014 (27) March 2014 (28) February 2014 (28) January 2014 (32) December 2013 (31) November 2013 (29) October 2013 (29) September 2013 (29) August 2013 (28) July 2013 (25) June 2013 (22) May 2013 (20) April 2013 (25) March 2013 (31) February 2013 (25) January 2013 (31) December 2012 (28) November 2012 (17) October 2012 (19) September 2012 (18) August 2012 (15) July 2012 (12) June 2012 (12) May 2012 (18) April 2012 (18) March 2012 (18) February 2012 (1) July 2008 (18) June 2008 (17) May 2008 (27) April 2008 (28) March 2008 (18) February 2008 (25) January 2008 (22) December 2007 (8) November 2007 (30) October 2007 (27) September 2007 (25) August 2007 (16) July 2007 (19) June 2007 (16) May 2007 (17) April 2007 (16) March 2007 (16) February 2007 (18) January 2007 (19) December 2006 (16) November 2006 (8) October 2006 (4) Post Topics Post Topics Select Category Enjoying your life (581) Health (187) Politics and war (398) Public policy (663) Religion (323) Science (76) Science and rationality (167) The teachings of Epicurus (142) The way we live now (1,056) Uncategorized (853)

Along with various inalienable rights and governing principles, the tendency for men to talk over women has now been officially recognised by the US supreme court. Newly introduced rules to the structure of oral arguments are in place to address the issue of male justices and attorneys (extremely regularly) interrupting their female colleagues. Far from being a mere everyday annoyance, “mansplaining” (or the ideologically adjacent “manterrupting”) can interfere with democracy. You can literally be a supreme court justice and still get shouted down like someone’s little sister. For women, having your side side of a conversation being limited to short bursts of “But … ”, “Yes, and … ”, “Can I just … ” – is all too familiar. A 2014 study at George Washington University even found that, when speaking to women, men interrupt 33% more often than when speaking to men. But what does this constant interrupting look like outside of the rarefied confines of the judicial branch of US government? Here’s a mundane example. I’m out for lunch with my partner, and we stop at a food truck, overpriced “street food” that you have to hurriedly eat standing up, outside. My partner, who has coeliac disease, asks if a particular item on the menu is gluten-free. The bearded food truck guy says that, no, as it contains mustard, it also contains gluten. All mustard – according to him – is thickened with wheat flour. My partner, who has been checking ingredient lists meticulously for coming on two decades, knows this not to be true. Tentatively (she’s the non-confrontational sort), she corrects him. But no, the seller disagrees. Suddenly this guy has a PhD in glutenology from the University of Mustard. As Dr Food Truck rants about his credentials and expertise, my partner’s expression falls. Ordering food is often an ordeal for her, as people have either never heard of coeliac disease, or mistakenly think they know everything about it. What’s more, this guy is telling her that if she’s had mustard before, she’s “probably fine”. She – who was late diagnosed and spent her entire childhood in severe intestinal pain – tries to get a word in edgeways, but is steamrollered by someone clearly used to talking at women, uninterrupted. So I (the semi-confrontational sort) chime in. Not raising my voice, and keeping my tone as neutral as possible, I tell him that maybe, as an actual, certified coeliac, my partner knows what she’s talking about. Dr Food Truck tells me to “calm down”. Women reading this will probably recognise it as a classic example of mansplaining. This, of course, is a term that has been in popular use (particularly online) since around 2009, and was named one of the New York Times’ words of the year in 2010. And it’s something women are on the receiving end of every time they’re interrupted and talked over by men who – on the basis of being men – believe they know better. And there’s little more simultaneously satisfying and galling than when some guy tries to get into it with a woman talking about – say – a movie, and she turns out to be one of the film’s directors. Similarly, there have been several occasions on which men have tried to explain my own articles to me. In fact, if a man doesn’t see this, and then tries to mansplain mansplaining to me, I’ll be genuinely surprised. Or there was the time a male GP told me the pain I was in was “probably psychosomatic”, and then – unprompted – explained what he meant by “psychosomatic”. Usually I’m prepared to let medical professionals (male or otherwise) explain whatever they like to me. But being hit with “your symptoms are fake, and I’m going to convey this to you as if you were a child” is, in my humble womanly opinion, beyond the pale. What do you even say in such an instance? Still beats me. What I’ve learned as a woman is that if someone isn’t interested in your point of view, the dialogue is doomed from the get-go. We’re too often better off screaming into the void rather than trying to engage. What’s really at stake when it comes to interrupting in order to mansplain is the respect (or lack thereof) for people’s lived experiences. There are many variations. I’ve seen “whitesplaining” for white people who try to explain racism to Black people. Or “ablesplaining” for able bodied people who think – for whatever reason – they know more about being disabled than actual disabled people. Having a subject you know all too well explained back to you by someone misinformed (often someone with an agenda) is always going to suck. But hey, there’s plenty of void left to scream into, though you might get interrupted in the process. (Eleanor Margolis, The Guardian 19 Oct 2021. Eleanor Margolis is a columnist for the i newspaper and the Guardian. (Edited for length) My comment: Epicurus is reputed to have treated all those who visited him with deep respect, listening attentively to their points of view. For him gender equality was real. For me, too, it is real, especially since I have a spouse who is very smart, well-informed and with an impressive memory. Respect is part and parcel of love, but I am careful to conduct an actual conversation, regardless of gender. Filed under Enjoying your life | Comment | Permalink Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Comment Name * Email * Website Δ This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. Post navigation « Good deal? Maybe an historical event that had escaped your notice ? » Search the Blog Search Recent Posts The anatomy of a ( British) CEO December 3, 2021 Good news December 2, 2021 Meditation December 1, 2021 Love very much comes within the purview of Epicureanism November 29, 2021 Epicureanism in short November 29, 2021 Netflix November 26, 2021 Maybe an historical event that had escaped your notice ? November 25, 2021 Posts Archive Posts Archive Select Month December 2021 (3) November 2021 (25) October 2021 (22) September 2021 (26) August 2021 (27) July 2021 (28) June 2021 (29) May 2021 (21) April 2021 (28) March 2021 (30) February 2021 (27) January 2021 (27) December 2020 (37) November 2020 (27) October 2020 (32) September 2020 (30) August 2020 (30) July 2020 (30) June 2020 (31) May 2020 (31) April 2020 (30) March 2020 (33) February 2020 (30) January 2020 (33) December 2019 (29) November 2019 (27) October 2019 (31) September 2019 (29) August 2019 (30) July 2019 (31) June 2019 (27) May 2019 (27) April 2019 (28) March 2019 (33) February 2019 (28) January 2019 (35) December 2018 (34) November 2018 (33) October 2018 (32) September 2018 (29) August 2018 (36) July 2018 (34) June 2018 (34) May 2018 (37) April 2018 (31) March 2018 (33) February 2018 (29) January 2018 (35) December 2017 (30) November 2017 (28) October 2017 (32) September 2017 (32) August 2017 (33) July 2017 (33) June 2017 (25) May 2017 (33) April 2017 (30) March 2017 (36) February 2017 (28) January 2017 (33) December 2016 (35) November 2016 (38) October 2016 (35) September 2016 (35) August 2016 (31) July 2016 (34) June 2016 (34) May 2016 (36) April 2016 (31) March 2016 (32) February 2016 (28) January 2016 (32) December 2015 (30) November 2015 (30) October 2015 (30) September 2015 (33) August 2015 (41) July 2015 (38) June 2015 (37) May 2015 (39) April 2015 (41) March 2015 (43) February 2015 (39) January 2015 (34) December 2014 (42) November 2014 (32) October 2014 (34) September 2014 (40) August 2014 (33) July 2014 (31) June 2014 (30) May 2014 (30) April 2014 (27) March 2014 (28) February 2014 (28) January 2014 (32) December 2013 (31) November 2013 (29) October 2013 (29) September 2013 (29) August 2013 (28) July 2013 (25) June 2013 (22) May 2013 (20) April 2013 (25) March 2013 (31) February 2013 (25) January 2013 (31) December 2012 (28) November 2012 (17) October 2012 (19) September 2012 (18) August 2012 (15) July 2012 (12) June 2012 (12) May 2012 (18) April 2012 (18) March 2012 (18) February 2012 (1) July 2008 (18) June 2008 (17) May 2008 (27) April 2008 (28) March 2008 (18) February 2008 (25) January 2008 (22) December 2007 (8) November 2007 (30) October 2007 (27) September 2007 (25) August 2007 (16) July 2007 (19) June 2007 (16) May 2007 (17) April 2007 (16) March 2007 (16) February 2007 (18) January 2007 (19) December 2006 (16) November 2006 (8) October 2006 (4) Post Topics Post Topics Select Category Enjoying your life (581) Health (187) Politics and war (398) Public policy (663) Religion (323) Science (76) Science and rationality (167) The teachings of Epicurus (142) The way we live now (1,056) Uncategorized (853)

The Earth Science Picture of the Day (EPOD) highlights the diverse processes and phenomena which shape our planet and our lives. EPOD will collect and archive photos, imagery, graphics, and artwork with short explanatory captions and links exemplifying features within the Earth system. The community is invited to contribute digital imagery, short captions and relevant links. Munich Parhelion September 10, 2007 Provided and copyright by: Robert Wagner, Max Planck Institute for Physics Summary authors & editors: Robert Wagner The picture above shows an extraordinarily colorful parhelion (sundog) in a thin veil of cirrus clouds. The Sun is positioned approximately 22 degrees to the left of this dazzling swatch of light. Parhelia are the brightest and most commonly observed halo phenomena. They form as a result of refraction and reflection of sunlight in similarly aligned, plate shaped ice crystals. Photo taken on the morning of October 31, 2006, from Munich, Germany.

The Earth Science Picture of the Day (EPOD) highlights the diverse processes and phenomena which shape our planet and our lives. EPOD will collect and archive photos, imagery, graphics, and artwork with short explanatory captions and links exemplifying features within the Earth system. The community is invited to contribute digital imagery, short captions and relevant links. Fogbow Over Southern Ontario, Canada November 15, 2021 Photographer: Malcolm Park Summary Author: Malcolm Park; Cadan Cummings Around 8:00am local time on September 16, Southern Ontario, Canada was covered in a morning fog. It is not uncommon for fog to form in the late summer into the fall as temperatures begin to drop at night, which causes water vapor in the air to condense. I went for my morning walk, and I noticed this amazing fogbow in the west. This was by far the best fogbow I have ever seen, but I haven't seen that many. I checked on my phone, and the Sun was at about 12 degrees altitude above the eastern horizon when I captured this picture. Different to rainbows, fogbows form when light interacts with condensed water vapor (fog) in the air instead of the comparably larger diameter water droplets present after a rainstorm. In fact, it is this difference in droplet size that makes the fogbow less colorful because light is refracted and reflected differently in fog than by a raindrop. After my walk, I drove west for about an hour and the fog as well as fogbow persisted for most of the drive. So, it was widespread from my experience, and I also saw reports of it online from other areas of the province.

McGuirk, Noel (2021) Terrorist Profiling and Law Enforcement:Detection, Prevention, Deterrence. Routledge, London. ISBN 9780367437763 Full text not available from this repository. Abstract This book has been written with the primary readership in mind being academics, students at undergraduate and postgraduate (taught and research) levels, practitioners and law enforcement officers. A key trend in law and policy aimed at combatting terrorism is the increasing use of policing strategies that allow law enforcement officers anticipate risk so that they can engage in preventing, interrupting and prosecuting those suspected of terrorism offences before their commission. One such pre-emptive policing strategy is the use of terrorist profiling. The rationale underpinning terrorist profiling is to allow law enforcement officers identify those likely to involved in terrorism or its associated activities so that law enforcement officers can prevent, interrupt and prosecute suspects before an act of terrorism. The use of terrorist profiling is highly controversial given that its use has been perceived as being unlawful. Previous attempts at analysing terrorist profiling has tended to rely solely on human rights law as the analytical lens to evaluate the usefulness and lawfulness of terrorist profiling. The discussion in this book argues that the effectiveness and usefulness of terrorist profiling should only be undertaken by deconstructing the profiling process so as to allow a thorough examination of the phenomenon of terrorist profiling. As a result, the discussion in this book establishes two analytical lenses as the basis to systematically examine terrorist profiling. Firstly, the discussion develops an effectiveness framework that examines the construction of terrorist profiles separately from the application of terrorist profiles. Secondly, the discussion also draws upon criminal profiling methodologies and approaches as the basis to evaluate different manifestations of terrorist profiling. These analytical lenses are used to conduct a taxonomy on different manifestations of terrorist profiling so as to systematically evaluate their usefulness as a law enforcement tool to predict likely terrorist characteristics. Item Type: Book/Report/Proceedings Additional Information: Noel McGuirk is a Lecturer in Law specialising in terrorism law at Lancaster University Law School. Previously, Noel was a judicial research assistant at the Courts Service (Ireland) based in the Court of Appeal and worked on various research projects during his tenure. Noel’s research interests broadly focus on the relationship between terrorism, counterterrorism and human rights law. He is particularly interested in analysing legal responses to terrorism that have been adopted by various states to assist in preventing, detecting and deterring terrorism threats.

Griffiths, Rupert (2021) The Circadian Clock. In: Q&A session to launch online gallery for Material Life of Time conference. UNSPECIFIED. Full text not available from this repository. Abstract Light from the sun is a biological cue that entrains the circadian rhythms of most life on earth. The Circadian Clock is a work of speculative design that takes the luminosity and colour of the sky as the basis for a timepiece. Through the changing light of night and day, it aims to articulate a more-than-human temporal commons, while also indicating the presence of anthropogenic light at night, which can disrupt both human and non-human biologies and behaviours. Using light sensors oriented towards the sky, the clock traces out the changing ambient light as a helix of coloured dots. Each revolution corresponds to the changing light over a period of 24 hours. The helix is shown in perspective and thus appears as a spiral, with the present at the head of the outer ring, always maintained at the 12 o’clock position, and the past spiralling anticlockwise towards the centre. Cumulatively, this locates the viewer in the daily and seasonal variations of light and dark that act as a master clock for life on earth.

Britain, 1982: the Falklands War is beginning, and Thatcher is in Number Ten. It’s a futuristic 1982, with self-driving cars and robotic bin collectors. Yet in some ways, it also feels current: a time of political turbulence, mass protests, and a pervasive online media. Machines Like Me is both a comment on our time and our future, but it’s set in an alternative past. Alive and thriving, Alan Turing pioneered major technological breakthroughs. One result is Adam, ‘a manufactured human with plausible intelligence and looks, believable motion and shifts of expression’. He is both a being and a commodity, a person and a machine. When Adam wakes up, he belongs to Charlie, a young, isolated man, in love with his neighbour Miranda. The three are drawn into a ménage à trois, a philosophical spiral, and a moral state of ambivalence with a crushing climax. It is at once uncanny, academic, and enthralling. The novel’s humans are, at times, withdrawn and unsympathetic. Yet this is not necessarily a flaw, and is characteristic of McEwan. In fact, their shallowness throws Adam into relief. When they fall short of our expectations, when they’re incompetent and unmotivated, they allow Adam to shine. He has a depth and vivacity that far transcends his hardware. In the text, he is both a redemption and a threat. He is physically and intellectually superior to Charlie; he is highly intelligent, a romantic competitor, and in a burst of anger, breaks Charlie’s wrist. He’s also emotionally sensitive, sees Charlie as his ‘friend’, and acts as his moral guide. The duality of Adam’s character means, ultimately, such a choice is yours. Yet Machines Like Me, in the end, is tragic. McEwan’s tale recounts a failed experiment, and its conclusions are unclear. At first, it seems prophetic, but by the end, our future is hazier than ever. Inevitably, Machines Like Me explores the value and meaning of consciousness in the context of AI. Of every person on the page, Adam captivates the most – yet his personhood itself is contentious. McEwan asks the ultimate question of computer science and philosophy of mind: can a machine be conscious? Or, as Turing put it, can machines think? The Turing test echoes throughout the novel; it states that if, when communicating, a machine is indistinguishable from a human, then it can think. Adam, then – intelligent, empathetic, complex – would pass with flying colours. He claims he feels pain, and says he is in love. He writes 2,000 haikus to prove it. He is strikingly uncanny when, for example, ‘he sat naked at my tiny dining table, eyes closed, a black power line trailing from the entry point in his umbilicus to a thirteen-amp socket in the wall.’ Image source: theguardian.com For the reader, unsettling questions arise: can a person be so dehumanised, when he’s not human at all? McEwan enters territory which is both timeless and contemporary, as alien as it is familiar. The use of AI for consumerism is not a new concept: virtual robots like Lil Miquela already exist near the mainstream, modelling and promoting brands. As the concept of consciousness blurs, so too does morality. In Machines Like Me, Adam could be a victim, or the property of his owner; he occupies the space in between. Charlie may be a criminal, exploiting a sentient being for personal use, or simply a consumer using a product. McEwan revels in this ambiguity. He presents a neglected little boy, a scarred young woman with a dark past, and a man with his own insecurities. When they cross paths with Adam, a series of events unfolds that stirs up issues from personhood to justice and consent. The reader could be outraged, indifferent, or lost in the illusionary chaos of a hypothetical world. This is not a robot novel. According to McEwan, it is not even science fiction. Instead, it centres on humanity. The writing is highly self-conscious, a meditation on the human condition. Creations like Adam, after all, are reflections of ourselves. Adam has read everything ever written; through his voice, McEwan considers ‘the entire history of human self-regard.’ By analysing the past, he predicts the future – a vast human narrative, fuelled by the creative, destructive power of our own minds. ‘The mind,’ he writes, ‘dethroned itself by way of its own fabulous reach.’ This is one paradox of many, which collectively make up our psyche. Machines Like Me is preoccupied with tragic, inexplicable contradictions – and how they undermine technological progress. Adam is superior, in many ways, but he’s ignored and discredited, his curiosity frustrated, his opinions dismissed. He has the intellect to solve Miranda’s problems, but this puts him at risk: as he learns, tragically, we can’t always listen to reason. Adam and his brothers and sisters, strewn across the world, simply can’t come to terms with the insensible realities of the human mind. The absurdity is too much: we are, McEwan writes, ‘a hurricane of contradictions’. Millions suffer from diseases we can cure; we’re destroying the planet we depend on to survive; we love living things, but facilitate extinction and abuse. The machine response is unsettling: not only confusion at the cruel, fundamental irrationality of things, but also enormous pain. Other Adams and Eves, we learn, are driven to destroying themselves. In light of this, AI acts as a mirror. These are perfect, rational, self-conscious beings – so how can they exist, in a world as imperfectly human as ours? How can they face Virgil’s lacrimae rerum, the tears in the nature of things? For the reader, perhaps, this is a wake-up call. We live alongside suffering, and deny our hypocrisies, to ignore our own absurdity. We need artificial eyes, eyes with ‘tiny blue rods’ that see more clearly, to empathise, analyse and moralise all at once. For McEwan, then, Adam and his kind are more than a mirror: they are ‘a dream of redemptive robotic virtue’. He theorizes on the programming of such AI, how it would be faced with a thousand moral dilemmas and, slowly, develop its own solutions. So perhaps, in the end, all is not lost. Complexities aside, Machines Like Me emits a faint philosophical hope. Somewhere, there’s a moral compass just beyond our reach. If AI can find it, perhaps it can save us from ourselves – if we allow it to. ‘Machines like Me’ is published by Vintage (£12.99) Featured image source: ianmcewan.com CategoriesGeorgia Good Literature Tags Dystopian FutureliteratureMachines Like MeMcEwanSci-fiTuring Test Share this: Facebook Twitter Pinterest Post navigation Previous articleMan Booker Prize 2019 Next articleLongkang (Part 3) Related Posts R Categories Art & Design George Dennis Our Journal November 16, 2021 Review: Estorick Collection Uncut GEORGE DENNIS visits Estorick Collection Uncut, considering the presentation of abstract, politically charged modern Italian art. To saunter through galleries on a rainy day is.. Read More I Categories Listen Matilda Sykes Our Showcase November 16, 2021 Interview: Sister MATILDA SYKES had a chat with sibling duo, Sister. Born and raised in London, the band Sister consists of siblings Sadie and Sonny. Sonny (aka Sonny.. Read More R Categories Ben Frith Our Journal Theatre November 15, 2021 Review: Tender Napalm BEN FRITH reviews the tenth anniversary revival of Tender Napalm at the King’s Head Theatre. ‘Woman’ and ‘Man’ dance with each other, sometimes apart,..

The Planet does IT hosting. In my case, a friend and I share a server that we’ve had there for three years. Unfortunately, I missed several emails from them telling me that my credit card had been rejected due to an expiration date passing. Normally in a case like this, from a company providing a critical service, I would expect a phone call to clear things up and prevent a service interruption. No phone call attempt was made. So yesterday I get a call from my friend and he asks about our server not responding. I assume the server is locked up and I tell him I’ll jump into the account and request a forced reboot – something that’s been necessary once before (not bad – once in 3 years!). When I attempted to log in, I was told that my account had been disabled! At that point, I tried to chat with a support person. After 20 minutes of huge long delays in trying to get responses (send message, wait 5 minutes, get a “hang on, I’m working on multiple chats”, etc) I have to give up and focus on the meeting that I’m in. Later that day, I try the chat again. I’m told that my account was disabled due to non-payment of the bill. More on that in a minute. At this point I ask her to help me out with getting it reactivated and she says I have to *call* to speak to someone to give them the cc info as they don’t ask for it via chat. <sigh> That evening, I’m finally at home, where I can make the call. I call and I’m told… “I can’t process it, you need to log into your account to fix it”! After some back and forth, she activates my login so that I can go in and fix the billing info. I try. FIVE TIMES. Each time it blows up with an error. She’s still on the phone with me and rather than just taking the cc info, she says I need to submit a trouble ticket about not being able to update by cc info! I submit the ticket and go to bed. In the morning I check and I have a response that says in essence “please call, we can’t fix this without having you on the phone”. I then go ahead and try to update the information and it works! Happy days! At that point, I update the ticket and ask them to reprocess the charge and get our damn server online. An hour later, ta-da, we have our server back. Great, about 18 hours of downtime for a $69 credit card charge. Yeah, I messed up by not watching my hotmail account like a hawk, so I take the blame for that, no problem. But I have to ask this – what in the world are they thinking that when the bill isn’t paid THEY CUT OFF ACCESS TO THE BILL PAYMENT SYSTEM SO YOU CANNOT FIX THE PROBLEM?!?!?! What should have been a 5 minute problem turned into a marathon of frustration. Think about this just a bit – their solution is to prevent you from logging into the system to fix the problem. Perhaps your first thought is “well, maybe their systems suck and they can’t just disable the server while allowing you to log into your account?”. Ah, if only it were so – note that she very quickly and easily gave me access back to the account after I was forced to call them (and only to be told that I had to go into the account online to update it!). One final insult – after all this, they charge me a $50 reconnection fee. Dicks. I should charge them for my wasted time. In summary Dear Reader, please consider if you want to do business with a company that treats you like this. If you have a server you need to be up, and you want to host it somewhere, I cannot recommend The Planet. Go elsewhere and put these jerks out of business.

Posted by Robert Little on Monday, October 25, 2021 at 10:53 AM By Robert Little / October 25, 2021 Comment The master-planned community of Summerlin is home to some exceptional golf courses, with each of them celebrated for their own unique attributes. So whether you're thinking about moving to Summerlin or just play a round of golf there, here’s our rundown of some of the top golf courses you'll find in the area: Arroyo Golf Club at Red Rock Address: 2250 C Red Springs Dr, Las Vegas, NV 89135 Course Website Summerlin’s Arroyo Golf Club is challenging for those of all abilities. The Arnold Palmer-designed course is located at Red Rock Country Club. It is open to the public. Some of the best Las Vegas views are possible from hole #7 of the course. Eagle Crest Golf Course Address: 2203 Thomas W Ryan Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89134 Course Website Mountain and city views help make for some sensational scenery when it comes to playing at Eagle Crest Golf Course. This Summerlin course is one of three designed by Billy Casper and Greg Nash. The public, 18-hole executive course offers a challenging elevation, but it can be played in less than three hours. Palm Valley Address: 9201 Del Webb Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89134 Course Website The Palm Valley Golf Course is more traditional in its layout, with only small changes in elevation as you play the course. One thing that sets it apart is the incredible mountain views golfers enjoy while playing at Palm Valley in Summerlin. Highland Falls Golf Course Address: 10201 Sun City Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89134 Course Website The third golf course designed by Casper and Nash in Summerlin is Highland Falls. A great course for novices and expert golfers, the award-winning course has even been featured on television and in some advertising campaigns. Some of the best views of Las Vegas can be found from the 14th hole of Highland Falls Golf Course in Summerlin. Thinking about buying a home in Summerlin? Search Summerlin golf course homes for sale or contact The Robert Little Group of ReMax Advantage, Summerlin's local golf course home experts, for help finding the perfect new place to call your own! Mountain Course at Red Rock Address: 2250 Red springs Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89135 Course Website The Mountain Course at Red Rock was also designed by Arnold Palmer. This course is both challenging and dramatic in its design as it capitalizes on the natural beauty of its location. This is a private, 18-hole golf course in Summerlin. Bear’s Best Las Vegas Golf Course Address: 11111 W Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89135 Course Website The legendary Jack Nicklaus was the designer behind Bear’s Best Las Vegas. The 18-hole golf course is said to be both challenging and beautiful in its design. Another advantage of this public course is that it sits just minutes away from the excitement of the Las Vegas Strip. Siena Golf Course Address: 10575 Siena Monte Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89135 Course Website Siena Golf Course is a public course affiliated with Arroyo Golf Course and the Red Rock Country Club. The 18-hole course opens up with some sensational views of Lake Siena. TPC Summerlin Golf Course Address: 1700 Village Center Cir, Las Vegas, NV 89134 Course Website TPC Summerlin is a private, PGA Tour Club course in Summerlin. It’s a past winner of what Golf Digest Magazine’ calls “One of America’s Best Courses”. It also holds the honor of being the first golf course in the state certified as an Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary. TPC Summerlin hosts the Shriners Hospitals for Children Open each October. TPC Las Vegas Golf Course Address: 9851 Canyon Run Dr, Las Vegas, NV 89144 Course Website The TPC Las Vegas Golf Course was designed by Raymond Floyd and Bobby Weed. The challenging course has hosted quite a few PGA and Champions Tour golf tournaments in the past. It’s also a past winner of one of the “Top 50 Public Golf Courses in the US”. Post a Comment To post a comment about this blog entry, click here. Related Posts Moving to Summerlin: Summerlin, NV Relocation & Homebuyer Guide The list of the most well-known vacation destinations worldwide could be considered the ultimate bucket list for travel. Chief among these ...Read More Blog Navigation Posts By Category All Categories Buying a Home (5) Las Vegas 55 & Over (2) Las Vegas Condos (7) Las Vegas Gated Homes (3) Las Vegas Golf Homes (3) Las Vegas New Construction (7) Living in Las Vegas (2) Living in Summerlin (2) Main (204) Posts By Month November, 2021 (1) October, 2021 (2) September, 2021 (4) March, 2021 (2) October, 2020 (1) February, 2020 (2) January, 2020 (1) December, 2019 (1) November, 2019 (1) August, 2019 (1) January, 2019 (1) December, 2018 (1) October, 2018 (2) September, 2018 (4) August, 2018 (1) July, 2018 (6) June, 2018 (4) May, 2018 (4) April, 2018 (6) March, 2018 (7) February, 2018 (1) January, 2018 (7) December, 2017 (2) November, 2017 (2) October, 2017 (3) September, 2017 (4) August, 2017 (5) May, 2017 (2) April, 2017 (5) March, 2017 (3) February, 2017 (4) January, 2017 (8) November, 2016 (7) October, 2016 (5) September, 2016 (3) August, 2016 (9) June, 2016 (5) April, 2016 (2) March, 2016 (4) February, 2016 (4) January, 2016 (6) October, 2015 (3) September, 2015 (4) August, 2015 (2) July, 2015 (3) June, 2015 (5) May, 2015 (3) April, 2015 (8) March, 2015 (8) January, 2015 (2) October, 2014 (1) August, 2014 (1) July, 2014 (2) June, 2014 (2) May, 2014 (3) April, 2014 (2) March, 2014 (3) February, 2014 (3) January, 2014 (2) December, 2013 (2) November, 2013 (2) October, 2013 (1) September, 2013 (3) July, 2013 (1) May, 2013 (3) March, 2013 (5) February, 2013 (3) January, 2013 (5) December, 2012 (4) November, 2012 (5) October, 2012 (1)

Posted on April 6, 2017 by Ariele Vaccaro • Posted in Features, Isthmus, Milwaukee Magazine, Politics • Tagged Alderman, Ashanti Hamilton, Bob Donovan, Common Council, Erik Gunn, Mike Murphy, Milwaukee, Milwaukee Magazine, Politics Can Alderman Ashanti Hamilton Rise to the Challenge?, April 2017 Photo by Joe Brusky A year ago, Hamilton stitched together a tent big enough for a half-dozen African- American council members – and three white South Siders – to elect him Common Council president in an upset that toppled incumbent Ald. Mike Murphy, a council veteran. But more than once since then, their tent has looked ready to blow away. This past summer, the council’s public safety committee, headed by Hamilton’s pick for chair, tough-on-crime Ald. Bob Donovan, fired off a draft plan calling for more cops, more jail and “boot camps” for potential juvenile offenders. Post navigation Search Search Connect View erikgunn’s profile on Twitter View erikgunn’s profile on LinkedIn Website Powered by WordPress.com. Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use.

You’re able to look at who is online and in addition , these people see you noticeable. In fact online dating is now the thing to do. LDS singles online is another internet site which offers a variety of qualities towards the users. Online Dating Sites – What Is It? You can find two answers for why should you check back with your chosen courting site more than one times every day. If a certain site isn’t meeting your preferences, move on prior to deciding to invest associated with your money over a service which usually isn’t good for you. Adult courting site undoubtedly are a precious existing for the lonely women to fulfill their particular partner in an incredibly very simple manner. one thing about internet dating sites is they have great methods to communicate in addition to feel an incorrect sense of security leading to the very first date. Most internet dating sites are super easy to navigate and deliberately avoid incorporate features that are not easy to understand. Moreover, most internet dating websites, present their associates a change to use an instant messaging program which lets all of them communicate above the computer within actual point in time. When attempting to find a mature partner, most people choose significant general internet dating sites. Understanding Online Dating Sites Nearly everyone more on the website is only as timid, in the same way anxious, and just as hesitant because you are. Not all online dating sites are made the same, however , in fact it is all your decision to find the one that will guard your level of privacy, be simple enough to get around, and have an enormous pool involving possible companions so that you can discover the one which is appropricate for your requirements. Senior citizen internet dating web sites can’t street address all connection difficulties, nonetheless they could confident make testing out something new a lot simpler in addition to safer. It is important for you to be on the lookout for the perfect internet dating internet sites. A married internet dating web page appears to current the ideal answer for a married affair as well as the very best chances of success for any man flirting with the view of an occasion while wedded. Once you have found out the online online dating website which often suits your needs and demands, it’s period to sign up plus fill in your current private information for your own personel personal profile. There are lots of internet dating sites for the purpose of seniors, which will be able to help you meet some others exactly like an individual. So no matter if you decided to join the paying online dating websites or a totally free one which you should be quite careful. With a few of the stories you hear about internet dating sites it certainly is not a shitty idea for your female to have a tiny self defense training. For anybody who is going to apply online dating sites then you definitely have to be quite careful about giving personal info and keep a look out for potential predators. If you wish to get the intriguing online dating sites for teenagers, you shouldn’t neglect Interracial Online dating. Com. In case you are searching for the particular completely free internet dating sites for teenagers, you ought not disregard Flirtbox. company. uk. The web site might have a successful history of productive https://datingstudio.com/review/senior-dating-sites/ matches in order to point to having pride. The world wide web dating sites are made just for that goal. Discover another online dating site to get athletic lonely hearts.

In order to login you must be registered. Registering takes only a few moments but gives you increased capabilities. The board administrator may also grant additional permissions to registered users. Before you register please ensure you are familiar with our terms of use and related policies. Please ensure you read any forum rules as you navigate around the board.

I hope we will have time soon to release version 2.0 that includes a nice web interface to manage all plugins and shares. Cant say when since we are only 2 guys working on it and we both have very busy schedule but ERPXE is a priority for us and i hope it will be out soon. Top Post Reply Print view Display: All posts1 day7 days2 weeks1 month3 months6 months1 year Sort by: AuthorPost timeSubject Direction: AscendingDescending

Cookies help us bring you Fanpop. By using Fanpop, you agree to our use of cookies. Learn More Got It!

What links here Page: Namespace: all (Main) Talk User User talk ESAT ESAT talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Invert selection

ESD Foam Mats are designed for use in front of computer keyboards and technicians working on static sensitive electronic components. These ESD mats are made with a PVC foam layer which provides an extra comfort. Service temperature is 20 °F to +160 °F. Custom sizes are available upon request. Applications: Aerospace, Aviation, Cleanroom, Electronic Manufacturing, and Pharmaceutical Industries

PARIS, October 13 (Reuters) – The IPO of French cloud computing service provider OVHcloud is expected to continue at a low price of € 18.5 per share, one of the banks said on Wednesday in charge of the operation, valuing the company at around 3.5 billion euros. One of the bookkeepers said the IPO – which will likely be one of the biggest initial public offerings of the year in France – is already oversubscribed, although the books won’t close until noon Thursday. . On October 5, OVHcloud – the second European provider of cloud services after T-Systems (DTEGn.DE) of Deutsche Telekom according to Synergy Research – had set a price range of 18.5 to 20 euros per share, which would lead to a market value of 3.50 to 3.74 billion euros. The company was not immediately available for comment on the likely outcome. The firm had also indicated that new shares would raise around 350 million euros, while the sale of existing shares by shareholders including the Klaba family would represent an additional 50 million euros. Since then, the volatility of the financial markets due to the fear of inflation and a possible monetary tightening, as well as the problems of the Chinese real estate giant Evergrande, have led to uncertainty and the French Icade Santé and the Swiss Chronext have both abandoned their listing plans. OVHcloud’s IPO continues despite market uncertainty and the announcement of a network outage on Wednesday, just two days before its scheduled listing on Friday. President Octave Klaba said on Twitter that the outage followed “human error” while reconfiguring one of its data centers in the United States. The network returned to normal about an hour later at 08:15 GMT. This was the second major disruption for OVHcloud this year. In March, a corporate fire disrupted millions of websites, destroying government agency portals, banks, stores, news sites, and removing part of the .FR web space. Read more OVHcloud is seen by some politicians as a potential alternative to the US giants Amazon Web Services (AMZN.O), Microsoft Azure (MSFT.O) and Google Cloud (GOOGL.O). However, the company so far does not have the scale and financial clout to reduce the market share of these companies. ($ 1 = € 0.8654) Reporting by Richard Lough, Mathieu Rosemain, Matthieu Protard and Marc Angrand; Written by Mathieu Rosemain, Ingrid Melander and Geert De Clercq; edited by Jason Neely and Philippa Fletcher Our Standards: Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. Source link Related posts: Credit card interest rate notice How an exemption or short sale affects a credit score How to read (and interpret) your credit score The best loan offers for young students and workers Previous Article The Keystone project promises a new community ... Next Article Best Loans Without Credit Checks in 2021 ... 0 Shares 0 + 0 0 0 0 Lisa Perez Related articles More from author French banks French banks disavow Total’s EACOP plans April 22, 2021 By Lisa Perez French banks Europe Roundup: Euro Dips As Security Flows Extend Dollar Rally Before Fed, European Stocks Slip, Gold Has Little Changed, Oil ... September 20, 2021 By Lisa Perez French banks ‘Amoral Mercenaries of the 21st Century’: Problems Accumulate for NSO Group | Monitoring November 26, 2021 By Lisa Perez French banks i2c on controlling the reliability of financial services April 23, 2021 By Lisa Perez French banks Paris obtains a new JPMorgan commercial hub in the post-Brexit push June 29, 2021 By Lisa Perez French banks Mexican payments network Prosa seeks buyer for over $ 1 billion valuation – sources June 2, 2021 By Lisa Perez French University DU 2nd Cut Off List 2021 Live: JMC, SS, CVS publish a second list French University John Hope Bryant Named First Fellow Entrepreneur in Residence at Clark Atlanta University’s School of Business French banks European stocks climb on day two with banks and miners in the lead Recent Posts South African scientists brace for omicron-powered wave Are you struggling to learn French as an international student in Paris? Well, here are some tips on that!

Towards a more resilient Europe post-coronavirus: Capabilities and gaps in the EU's capacity to address structural risks The current coronavirus crisis emphasises the need for the European Union to devote more effort to anticipatory governance, notably through analysis of medium- and long-term global trends, as well as File Download Date 01/10/2020 European Parliament Country: European Union Governance of Metropolitan Regions. European and Global Experiences For many years now the Committee of the Regions has been building a reputation of being "the EU's Assembly of Regional and Local Representatives". It decided to contribute to the debat File Download Date 20/06/2011 Committee of the Regions Country: European Union ORBIS is powered by ESPAS, the European Strategy and Policy Analysis System, a unique inter-institutional project aimed at strengthening the EU's efforts in the crucial area of forward planning. ESPAS brings together the European Commission, the European Parliament, the Secretariat General of the Council of the European Union and the European External Action Service to strengthen the Union's collective administrative capacity to identify and analyse the key trends and challenges, and the resulting policy choices, which are likely to confront Europe and the wider world in the decades ahead. Contact: orbis@ep.europa.eu © European Union, 2016 | Last update: 16/10/2015 | Legal notice Certain Images © shutterstock. For any use or reproduction of photos which are not under European Union copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder(s). Neither the European Parliament nor any person acting on behalf of the Parliament is responsible for the use which might be made of the information contained in this publication.

Whether you are a high-school or college student, you should be prepared to complete numerous writing tasks during your education process. They may differ and call for various skills. For example, research papers require an in-depth analysis and exploration of the topic. A good case study must contain real examples, comparisons, and argumentation. Every type of academic paper has its unique features and requirements. Essay paper is one of the most common tasks many students need to handle. Depending on the grade, it may come with different complexity level. Whether you need to buy essays online for your college, university or high school, EssayErudite is certainly the best destination for students of any level. What Makes EssayErudite the Best Choice? The competition in the niche of writing assistance is extremely high. Many online companies offer their services at different rates. Some of them are reliable enough to buy essays online. Others seem not as trustworthy as EssayErudite, for example. We never deal with amateur writers and establish a picky approach when inviting new specialists to work in our team. They all have higher grades and certificates ensuring their skills and knowledge in a particular field. Moreover, we ask them to pass additional grammar and writing tests before joining our company. The level of experience and expertise is enough to help you cover any subject without facing any difficulties. Writing a typical essay requires following several vital steps: 1. Choosing a Topic First of all, you need to choose a proper topic for your essay unless it is provided by the professor. If you do not want to buy essays online, you may opt for the help of our specialists. They will help you select the right topic as well as build a strong thesis and outline. 2. Research Some students mistakenly consider essay papers as the easiest academic assignments. That is wrong. Writing such paper is impossible without an in-depth research and discovery of the main topical problems. 3. Develop a Structure At this stage, you need to build a structure for your future paper. It includes developing an outline featuring all parts of a bigger essay. 4. Writing and Editing As soon as your plan is ready, you need to write all body paragraphs in addition to introduction and conclusion. Do not forget to format your paper following a proper style and indicate all sources cited in the reference list. As you can see, the task is not as easy as it may seem at first sight. You’d better buy essays online, save your time and concentrate on some more important issues. We write our papers from scratch. They are 100% original and flawless when it comes to grammar, punctuation, and formatting. Free revisions are provided to make our every client satisfied with the result. Buy All Type of Papers We deal with not only essay papers but also other types of academic assignments of different academic levels. Contact us whenever you need to buy a dissertation, research paper, case study, coursework or review online. The ordering process will hardly take you more than 60 seconds. order your paper Type: Essay (any type) Level: High School College University Masters Ph.D. Term: 14 days Pages: - + Total: $7.5 continue some statistics 15K Total orders 12K Happy clients 9.7/10 Quality score 600+ Qualified writers 60+ Active writers testimonials Customer: #498761 Subject: Economics Type: Research paper Pages: 11 I totally recommend this writing service. I used it for different subjects and got only outstanding papers! Customer: #654156 Subject: Art Type: Essay Pages: 2 My writer precisely followed all my instructions, so I got exactly what I needed. Thank you for your awesome work! see all PLACE AN ORDER AND GET A HIGH GRADE order now company Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Money Back Guarantee Plagiarism Free Guarantee Revision Policy Cookie Policy menu Home Testimonials FAQ Samples contacts +1-888-987-2022 [email protected] subscription Get our weekly news CLAIM MY 9% DISCOUNT You've already subscribed Do My Homework Argumentative essay topics Persuasive Essay Topics Narrative Essay Topics Expository Essay Topics Assignment Help Buy Essays Online College Essay Help Thesis Writing Service Write Essay For Me Write My Research Paper Research Paper Topics Cause and Effect Essay Topics Informative Essay Topics Descriptive Essay Topics College Paper Writing Service Best Essay Writing Service Cheap Essay Writing Service Buy Essay Dissertation Writing Service Write My Essay Write My Paper Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Definition Essay Topics Paper Writing Service Thesis Help Online Essay Help Dissertation Writing Help Buy Dissertation Do My Essay Write My Thesis Edit My Essay Correct My Essay Type My Essay Services Do My Homework Argumentative essay topics Persuasive Essay Topics Narrative Essay Topics Expository Essay Topics Assignment Help Buy Essays Online College Essay Help Thesis Writing Service Write Essay For Me Write My Research Paper Research Paper Topics Cause and Effect Essay Topics Informative Essay Topics Descriptive Essay Topics College Paper Writing Service Best Essay Writing Service Cheap Essay Writing Service Buy Essay Dissertation Writing Service Write My Essay Write My Paper Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Definition Essay Topics Paper Writing Service Thesis Help Online Essay Help Dissertation Writing Help Buy Dissertation Do My Essay Write My Thesis Edit My Essay Correct My Essay Type My Essay

Project Management Structures and the Causes of Project Failure Per Garth G.F. Ward (Coursework Sample) Instructions: Answering questions on project management This Homework Assignment is based on Parts 1 through 3 of the course textbook, Effective Project Management, by Garth G.F. Ward. In the response to each question, cite from which page, subpart, and article of the textbook you derived the answer. source.. Content: Explain the difference between routines, runners, repeaters, strangers, and aliens. Provide several examples of projects you have worked on/managed that have fallen into these categories and why you believe the specific project falls in that specific category. * Routines are common and developed tasks in a function that reduce difficulties to an organization’s methods of working. Examples; Data entry, data processing – these are small activities that make work easier in an organization. * Runners are small projects that can be developed without too much specialized management. Examples; making service calls – these calls don’t require too much focused management. * Repeaters are larger projects that the organization performs regularly and have a higher risk of failure. Example; Following up with an unhappy client- making follow ups is a necessary and everyday job and its occurrence can be anytime. ... Get the Whole Paper! Download for $5.62 Not exactly what you need? Do you need a custom essay? Order right now: Order Other Topics: Interlectual competence Management Coursework Paper Description: In order to answer the questions correctly, it is important to start by defining intercultural competence and its characteristics. It is described as the ability to interact in an effectively in a way that is acceptable to other people, especially while working in a group consisting of members with diverse... 6 pages/≈1650 words| 8 Sources | Other | Management | Coursework | Sloane Financial Planners Management Coursework Paper Description: A major approach that the travel company could use to expand its business in the present competitive environment is through launching regional offices. Of note, the company has received proposals for selecting a site for opening a new eastern regional office to offer efficiency to customers... 1 page/≈275 words| No Sources | Other | Management | Coursework | Conflict Management: Your Preferred Conflict Management Style Description: In my opinion, every person has his or her conflict management style. Besides, the environment that one is it may affect a person's decision as far as conflict management is concerned. ... 2 pages/≈550 words| 4 Sources | Other | Management | Coursework | EssayKitchen Need a Custom Essay Written? First time 15% Discount! Order Now Call Us: We accept all payment methods! © EssayKitchen.net 2021 We are an established and reputable company, with over 10 years in the essay business. 3,901 738 1,173 208 Terms and Conditions | Privacy Policy Do My Paper | Essay Editing | Write My Thesis | Write My College Essay | Write An Essay For Money | Write My Research Paper | Write My Paper | Write My Term Paper

Chiron is a leading producer and supplier of advanced chemical products for use within research and analysis. They are a global leader in the synthesis, isolation and purification of analytical reference materials for analysis of petroleum, food safety, environmental, forensic, and pharmaceutical applications. Producing sophisticated fine chemicals in microgram to multi-kilogram scales, as well as performing contract R&D and custom synthesis for customers across the globe.

Ethioforum is Ethiopian community discussion forum. Ethiopian News & Information, Ethio Love Ethio Art, Ethio Politics and more Skip to content Quick links The team FAQ Login ETHIOFORUM ETHIOFORUM-ኢትዮፎረም - Terms of use By accessing “ETHIOFORUM-ኢትዮፎረም” (hereinafter “we”, “us”, “our”, “ETHIOFORUM-ኢትዮፎረም”, “https://ethioforum.ethiopiaforums.com”), you agree to be legally bound by the following terms. If you do not agree to be legally bound by all of the following terms then please do not access and/or use “ETHIOFORUM-ኢትዮፎረም”. We may change these at any time and we’ll do our utmost in informing you, though it would be prudent to review this regularly yourself as your continued usage of “ETHIOFORUM-ኢትዮፎረም” after changes mean you agree to be legally bound by these terms as they are updated and/or amended. Our forums are powered by phpBB (hereinafter “they”, “them”, “their”, “phpBB software”, “www.phpbb.com”, “phpBB Limited”, “phpBB Teams”) which is a bulletin board solution released under the “GNU General Public License v2” (hereinafter “GPL”) and can be downloaded from www.phpbb.com. The phpBB software only facilitates internet based discussions; phpBB Limited is not responsible for what we allow and/or disallow as permissible content and/or conduct. For further information about phpBB, please see: https://www.phpbb.com/. You agree not to post any abusive, obscene, vulgar, slanderous, hateful, threatening, sexually-orientated or any other material that may violate any laws be it of your country, the country where “ETHIOFORUM-ኢትዮፎረም” is hosted or International Law. Doing so may lead to you being immediately and permanently banned, with notification of your Internet Service Provider if deemed required by us. The IP address of all posts are recorded to aid in enforcing these conditions. You agree that “ETHIOFORUM-ኢትዮፎረም” have the right to remove, edit, move or close any topic at any time should we see fit. As a user you agree to any information you have entered to being stored in a database. While this information will not be disclosed to any third party without your consent, neither “ETHIOFORUM-ኢትዮፎረም” nor phpBB shall be held responsible for any hacking attempt that may lead to the data being compromised.

Please contact us through one of the below interaction channels. Our customer support team will get back to you shortly Click to Call Us Online(Toll Free) Chat-bot on telegram Chat-bot on messenger Facebook Page- Amharic Facebook page - English Twitter Email EN × Angola English Angola português Argentina English Argentina español Austria English Austria Deutsch Bahrain English Bahrain العربية Belgium English Belgium français Benin English Benin français Botswana English Brazil English Brazil português Burkina Faso English Burkina Faso français Burundi English Burundi français Cameroon English Cameroon français Canada English Canada français Chad English Chad français China English China 中文 Comoros English Comoros français Cote D Ivoire English Cote D Ivoire français Democratic Republic of the Congo English Democratic Republic of the Congo français Denmark English Djibouti English Djibouti français Egypt English Egypt العربية Equatorial Guinea English Equatorial Guinea français Equatorial Guinea español Eritrea English Ethiopia English Finland English France English France français Gabon English Gabon français Germany English Germany Deutsch Ghana English Global English Global français Global español Global português Global Deutsch Global italiano Global 中文 Global العربية Global 日本語 Global 한국어 Global Türkçe Global русский Greece English Guinea English Guinea français Hong Kong, China English India English Indonesia English Ireland English Israel English Italy English Italy italiano Japan English Japan 日本語 Jordan English Kenya English Kuwait English Kuwait العربية Lebanon English Lebanon العربية Madagascar English Madagascar français Malawi English Malaysia English Mali English Mali français Mozambique English Mozambique português Namibia English Netherlands English Niger English Niger français Nigeria English Norway English Oman English Oman العربية Philippines English Qatar English Qatar العربية Republic of the Congo English Republic of the Congo français Russia English Russia русский Rwanda English Rwanda français Saudi Arabia English Saudi Arabia العربية Senegal English Senegal français Seychelles English Seychelles français Singapore English Somaliland English South Africa English South Korea English South Korea 한국어 South Sudan English South Sudan العربية Spain English Spain español Sudan English Sudan العربية Sweden English Switzerland English Switzerland Deutsch Switzerland français Tanzania English Thailand English Togo English Togo français Turkey English Turkey Türkçe Uganda English United Arab Emirates English United Arab Emirates العربية United Kingdom English United States of America English Zambia English Zimbabwe English Home Book Book a Trip Web Check-In Web Check-in Click here to check if your sector is eligible for Web Check-In. Web Check-In starts 72 hours before departure and ends 2 hours before departure I confirm that I have completed/will complete the declaration form for international travel from United Kingdom and am travelling for a legally permitted reason. Please select the checkbox. Ticket Number is required Booking Reference is required Last Name is required Booking Reference Ticket Number Booking Reference* #ResourceNotFound: ETResources, Booking Reference can not be less than or greater than 6 characters and doesn't include numbers# Ticket Number* #ResourceNotFound: ETResources, Ticket Number can not be less than or greater than 13 characters and can be only numbers# Last Name* Check-in Bid to Upgrade Booking Reference And e-Ticket number × Booking Reference:- Reference number is a six digit alphabet code on your booking confirmation or E-ticket to uniquely identify your booking. It could be referred as PNR, Record locator or Reference number. Valid characters in a booking reference are letters (A to Z). e-Ticket number:- Your e-ticket number is a 13-digit number (starting with 071) mentioned on your e-ticket or your booking confirmation. Before you check in -would you like to upgrade? × upgrade to cloud nine and elevate your trip experience. Lounge Access for the sector where the business class service begins and based on availability. Priority boarding. Priority baggage if the upgrade starts at the origin of PAX Experience Business Class cabin Business Class Check-In Business Class Enjoy various perks such as fine dining, more space and priority service Upgrade Now Book a Flight One Way Round Trip Multi City Departure airport is required Invalid Departure Airport Arrival airport is required Invalid Arrival Airport Departure airport is required Arrival airport is required #ResourceNotFound: ETResources, Departure Date is required# Flight 1 Departure Airport × From* × Arrival Airport × To* × Departure * Date Return * Date Please choose your flight date correctly. Add a stopover in Addis to your journey Add a stopover in Addis Add Flight Flight 2 Departure airport is required Arrival airport is required Select Stopover OK Flight 2 Departure Airport × From* Arrival Airport × To* Departure * Date Please choose your flight date correctly. Add Another Flight Remove Flight Before booking a flight, check the COVID-19 related entry restrictions to your destination. 1 Passenger Passengers Adult Adults - 1 + 12+ Years Children Child - 0 + 2-11 Years Infants Infant - 0 + 0-1 Years Adult (Age +12), Child (Age 2-11), Infant (Up to 2 years) All Classes Business Class Economy Class Promotional code is a series of letters/numbers that allow you to get a discount on flights. Before booking a flight, check the COVID-19 related entry restrictions to your destination. Book with Package Book with Miles Search Flight Special Discounted Fare × Discounted fare is available if: You have a proof of residence in Ethiopia. You have an international flight/ticket by Ethiopian Airlines. Note: It is mandatory to present the document upon ticketing (if payment is made at city/airport ticket offices) and, at time of check-in to the airline on demand. Failure to present the required documents may result in denial of passenger from the flight and refund of ticket after applicable penalty deductions. No, I hold none of the documents Remark: If you have an infant under the age of two, you will need to provide a birth certificate or any proof of evidence at the airport. CONTINUE BOOKING Take the train to your flight Do you want to include train segment in your booking? Yes No Ethiopian, in cooperation with Deutsche Bahn, offers its passengers the opportunity to travel with Deutsche Bahn from almost all DB stations in Germany to Frankfurt Airport. Important information For rail & fly ticket, rail segment service to/from Frankfurt from any Deutsche Bahn service in Germany, surcharge will be automatically added to your booking. Train segment will be included in your itinerary Due to technical reasons the journey times stated in your booking are fictitious. Please go to www.bahn.de to check the times of train connections on the actual travel date. DB Rail & Fly tickets are only valid in DB trains. Please note that Rail & Fly is not available for multiple stop bookings. Rail & Fly must be booked with the booking done for flying; it cannot be added online once the booking is completed. Passengers travelling in Business class on Ethiopian flight will be entitled to travel in the 1st class compartment of Deutsche Bahn. While Economy class passengers will travel in the 2nd class compartment. In case of rebooking before the train ticket is collected, new pick up number will be generated. Passenger is expected to get the new pick up number from the airline handling agent. In case of rebooking after the train ticket has been collected, the ticket needs to be changed at a DB Travel Center at the train station. Seat reservations are free on ET flight. You can go to www.bahn.de for seat reservation on Deutsche Bahn (for a fee). How to get your Rail & Fly train tickets Pickup numbers After completing your online booking, you will receive a confirmation e-mail as well as a second e-mail from Ethiopian which is indicating one pickup number per direction, that is two pickup numbers per person for return journeys. Use these pickup numbers to collect your Rail & Fly train ticket from any DB long-distance ticket machine at your DB departure station. Please ensure that such a long-distance ticket machine can be found at your departure station. If you have not received an e-mail by Ethiopian Airlines with your pickup numbers, please contact any nearby Ethiopian office or e-mail us at onlinebooking@ethiopianairlines.com. Choose your train connections Due to technical reasons your itinerary is showing fictitious train numbers (starting with 9B), fictitious departure points (QYG) and fictitious times for the train segment. This data is not valid, please contact a DB Travel Center or go to www.bahn.de to check the times of train connections on the actual travel date. Ensure that you are arriving in time at the airport. Please note the check-in times of Ethiopian Airlines at the respective airport and choose a train connection so as to arrive at the check-in desk at least 2 hours before it closes. Please also consider that train delays might occur. It is solely the responsibility of the passenger to arrive at the airport in time for checking in. Ethiopian Airlines is not liable for any missed flights due to delayed trains. Collecting your train ticket You can pick up your Rail & Fly ticket from any DB long-distance ticket machine as from 72h before your journey begins, so the ticket for your return journey will only be available when you are returning to the airport. For further information you can contact our reservations department in Germany: +49 69 770 673-052. Flight Advisory × Important update on COVID-19 Restriction Please note that you may be subject to a measure to prevent the spread of COVID-19 taken by the Government of Canada and to the best of your knowledge, you are not prohibited from entering Canada. Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) notification for passengers travelling to or transiting through Canada Click on the image below to read more: CONTINUE BOOKING Important Notice × Please note that operation of flights from Buenos Aires (EZE), Argentina to Sao Paulo (GRU), Brazil is subject to government authorities approval. The transactions are reached by 30% INCLUSIVE AND SOLIDARITY TAX PAIS (O5) as well as 35% FISCAL TAX AFIP RG 4815 (Q1); Continue Booking Important Notice × The transactions are reached by 30% INCLUSIVE AND SOLIDARITY TAX PAIS (O5) as well as 35% FISCAL TAX AFIP RG 4815 (Q1); Continue Booking Flight Advisory × Due to the current travel restrictions communicated by the government of State of Kuwait, Ethiopian Airlines does not accept passengers traveling from China to the State of Kuwait until the government restriction is waived. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × Due to the current travel restrictions communicated by the government of Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopian Airlines does not accept passengers traveling from China to Republic of Equatorial Guinea until the government restriction is waived. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × Due to the current travel restrictions communicated by the government of Republic of Madagascar, Ethiopian Airlines does not accept passengers traveling from China to Republic of Madagascar until the government restriction is waived. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × Due to the current travel restrictions communicated by the government of Republic of Seychelles, Ethiopian does not accept passengers traveling from China to Republic of Seychelles until the government restriction is waived, except nationals of Republic of Seychelles. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × All returnees to Ghana will be subject to the mandatory 14-days quarantine at own cost. Hotel arrangement and payment has to be done before departure. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × All passengers(arriving, departing and transiting passengers) must fill the a Declaration Form 48 before hours of their departure. which can be found on the following link: Click Here All passengers should have the filled form on their phone or printed while travelling. Any passenger without this form is not accepted at ABJ airport. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × All passengers irrespective of their nationality must fill the Passenger Locator Form ( PLF ) 48 hours before check-in which can be found on the following link: Click Here Continue Booking Flight Advisory × The fare displayed here is for passengers finalizing their payment online with a credit card; Please note that we only accept payments at ticket office with USD currency only. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × It is advisable to make check-in on our web/Mobile App and please note that check-in will be closed 90 Minutes before scheduled flight departure time. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × This flight will only be functional subject to the city's airport resuming operation. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × This flight will only be functional subject to the city's airport resuming operation. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × This flight will only be functional subject to the city's airport resuming operation. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × Travel restrictions to Dubai Strict travel restriction apply to the selected destination. Please contact Ethiopian office for more information. Note: UAE citizens are exempted from this restrictions. Continue Booking Discount Offer × Dear Esteemed Customer, Whenever you make payment using your International Credit Card, you are entitled a discount of 15% for economy class and 20% for Business class. Make sure to insert GEM01 under the Promo Code option. Thank you! Continue Booking Travel Advisory × Starting from 26th of January 2021, the U.S. government requires all passengers with two years of age and older traveling to the United States from any international location to test negative for COVID-19 within three calendar days of departure. For more details on the order, please visit the CDC's website. Order: Federal Register Notice: Requirement for Proof of Negative COVID-19 Test Result or Recovery from COVID-19 for All Airline Passengers Arriving into the United States | Quarantine | CDC FAQs: Requirement for Proof of Negative COVID-19 Test or Recovery from COVID-19 for All Air Passengers Arriving in the United States | CDC As per the current regulation issued by the relevant authorities at destination airports, travellers originating from South Africa in the last 14 days will not be accepted for travel to or transfer through Dubai , Washington , New York , Chicago and Sao Paulo from any other point except for returning nationals. Please contact our sales team for details at jnbcto@ethiopianairlines.com. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × Changes on check-in time for flight ET705 Due to CDG airport congestion and actions taken by airport authorities, Ethiopian Airlines check-in time for ET705 will start at 5:15 p.m. and the check-in counter will be closed at 7:45 p.m. Passengers arriving late after 7:45 p.m. will not be accepted and date / flight penalties will apply. Continue Booking Flight Advisory × Agency Ethiopian Airlines Closed Due to Lockdown Click & Collect FOR TICKETS ALREADY BOOKED ONLY APPOINTEMENT TO TAKE CALLING 01 53 89 21 05 Changes on check-in time for flight ET705 Due to CDG airport congestion and actions taken by airport authorities, Ethiopian Airlines check-in time for ET705 will start at 5:15 p.m. and the check-in counter will be closed at 7:45 p.m. Passengers arriving late after 7:45 p.m. will not be accepted and date / flight penalties will apply. Continue Booking Travel Advisory - Kuwait × Effective from 07 February 2021 until further notice only the below listed passengers are allowed to enter Kuwait. Kuwaiti Nationals Domestic Worker (house maids) travelling with Kuwaiti nationals Diplomats and Diplomatic missionaries (PCR test will be provided for free upon arrival and there don't need to register on Kuwait Mosafer APP) Ministry of Health staffs Government or Private Clinic medical sector staffs (for private clinic medical staffs prior approval has to be obtained from Ministry of Health (MOH)) Direct families of the above categories Domestic helpers who are confirmed to travel under BelSalmah Quarantine Package and have authority to board email. Domestic helpers who are confirmed to travel under BelSalmah Quarantine Package and have authority to board email. (don't need to register on Kuwait Mosafer APP) All travelers are required: To present a COVID-19 negative certificate with 72 hours validity. To register in advance on Kuwait Mosafer link (https://Kuwaitmosafer.gov.kw ) to pay for hotel and two PCR Covid tests. To check for payment detail use https://admin.airportkey.com/ Continue Booking Travel Advisory × As per the current regulation issued by the relevant authorities at destination airports, travellers originating from South Africa in the last 14 days will not be accepted for travel to or transfer through Dubai , Washington , New York , Chicago and Sao Paulo from any other point except for returning nationals. Please contact our sales team for details at jnbcto@ethiopianairlines.com. Continue Booking Travel Advisory × Continue Booking × Continue Booking #ResourceNotFound: ETResources, Generic Alert Title# × Continue Booking About us Careers About us Media Tender Documents Information Ethiopian Partners Terms and conditions of carriage Ethiopian Japan Office Services at the airport Special need Service Request Form Optional Service Charges Excess and Special Baggage Baggage Information Tarmac Delay and Contingency Plan Customer Commitment Customer Support Privacy Policy Website Accessibility Frequently Asked Questions Customer Feedback Call Center Numbers Help and Contacts Ethiopian Group Ethiopian Airports Ethiopian Skylight Hotel In-flight Catering Ground Services Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul Aviation Academy Cargo Subscribe Subscribe to our email newsletter to receive updates Subscribe Ethiopian App book and manage your flight easily. Social Media Connect with us on social media Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram Weibo LinkedIn Feedback © 2021 - Ethiopian Airlines Sitemap Ethiopian Airlines wants to start sending you push notifications. Click Allow to subscribe. Allow Cancel × Customer Feedback We value your opinions. We would like to hear any of your comments or concerns Submit feedback Global Contact Center Numbers Call us directly via our contact center numbers all over the world for any assistance. Get phone numbers Global Contact Center Survey How do you rate our support agents? Submit feedback Star Alliance Survey In order to ensure that all of the Star Alliance member airlines provide you with the service you expect, we would appreciate your feedback. Submit feedback Cookies help us to improve your user experience on Ethiopian Airline Group websites. We use cookies to analyze our traffic personalize content, ads, and to provide social media features. navigation our privacy policy for more detailed description and click on the Settings button to customize how the site uses cookies for you. Accept Cookies Cookie Settings Privacy Preference X Your Privacy Strictly Necessary Cookies Functional Cookies Performance Cookies Personalization More information Your Privacy Your Privacy When you visit any web site, it may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. This information might be about you, your preferences or your device and is mostly used to make the site work as you expect it to. The information does not usually directly identify you, but it can give you a more personalised web experience. Because we respect your right to privacy, you can choose not to allow some types of cookies. Click on the different category headings to find out more and change our default settings. However, blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience of the site and the services we are able to offer Strictly Necessary Cookies Always Active Strictly Necessary Cookies These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information. Functional Cookies Functional Cookies These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then some or all of these services may not function properly. Personalization Personalization These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising. Performance Cookies Performance Cookies These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance.

As Samsung Electronics’ leader Lee Jae-yong readies for a new trial next month, the tech giant has quietly ramped up a public relations campaign touting Lee’s deal-making expertise, including in winning a US$6.6 billion (S$9.03 billion) contract from Verizon. Lauding the Samsung heir as “the best salesman”, the firm has, over the past year, released a flurry of statements and photos of his visits to its many business sites, showcasing a side of the normally reserved Lee, whose public image has taken a battering over a lengthy bribery scandal. The mounting legal travails for Lee, which have cast a cloud over the leadership of one of the world’s biggest tech companies, coincide with the reformist drive of President Moon Jae-in, elected three years ago after the impeachment and jailing of his predecessor Park Geun-hye. The original full article can be found at straitstimes.com (Photo: Reuters) Post navigation ← Previous Post Next Post → Leave a Comment Cancel Reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Type here.. Name* Email* Website Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Sign Up For Our Newsletter SOLUTIONS ESG Risk Management Third-Party Risk Management Risk-Based Screening & Due Diligence Anti-Bribery & Corruption Risk Assessment Third-Party Communications & Training Modern Slavery Sustainability Impact About us Our Mission Why ethiXbase Diversity & Inclusion @ ethiXbase UNGC @ ethiXbase Career @ ethiXbase Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Code of Conduct Disclaimer News & Resources Ethical Alliance Certified Membership In The News Case Studies Whitepapers Webinars & Podcasts Events & Training Insights Connect With Us marketing@ethixbase.com Contact Us Find Us on Complete Business Screening: Introducing the Advanced Predictive Risk Indicator Unparalleled supply chain risk screening with ethiXbase’s Advanced Predictive Risk Indicator, our ultimate and fully-automated risk and resilience screening solution. × ESG Data Analysis for Private Equity An encompassing ESG and sustainability management solution for private equity companies aiming to assess, improve, and be transparent about ESG standards across diverse portfolios. By clicking GET IN TOUCH, you agree to our Privacy Policy, and consent to receive other communications from ethiXbase. Received a request to fill in a supplier questionnaire and not sure how? Contact our Client Services Team. × Case Study Sonova From manual to automated, ethiXbase accelerated and simplified the entire third-party compliance and due diligence process for Sonova, a leading global medical device company. × Case Study Mitsubishi Eletric US, INC. ethiXbase helps Mitsubishi Electric US, Inc., one of the largest electronics companies in the world, to centralise and automate its third-party risk management process, in order to achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness. × Case Study Olam Automated compliance workflow enables Olam, one of the largest agribusiness companies in the world, to reduce third-party risk and make informed business decisions. × Case Study New Forests From manual to automated, ethiXbase has transformed New Forests’ third-party risk and due diligence processes. As a result, it is now able to make better, more informed decisions about its third-parties as it grows – avoiding financial and reputational risk. × Modern Slavery supply chain risk and due diligence made simple Effectively identify, mitigate and manage modern slavery risk in your supply chain using the ethiXbase and Norton Rose Fulbright Modern Slavery risk assessment module. × ESG & Sustainability Risk Management As the expectation for businesses to become more sustainable and resilient increases, organisations need a new approach to managing and mitigating ESG and sustainability compliance throughout their supply chains and business operations. By clicking GET IN TOUCH, you agree to our Privacy Policy, and consent to receive other communications from ethiXbase. Received a request to fill in a supplier questionnaire and not sure how? Contact our Client Services Team. × Please enter your email to watch the recording × Manage ESG supply chain risk with GreenLITE Operational risks to supply chains have been growing over the last several years – compounded by the ongoing impact from COVID-19. Organisations need a new approach to manage ESG risk and build supply chain resilience. First Name* Last Name* Corporate Email* Phone Number CAPTCHA Name This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. By clicking Download Now, you agree to our Privacy Policy, and consent to receive other communications from ethiXbase. Received a request to fill in a supplier questionnaire and not sure how? Contact our Client Services Team. × Manage ESG supply chain risk with GreenLITE Operational risks to supply chains have been growing over the last several years – compounded by the ongoing impact from COVID-19. Organisations need a new approach to manage ESG risk and build supply chain resilience. First Name* Last Name* Corporate Email* Phone Number Phone This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. By clicking GET IN TOUCH, you agree to our Privacy Policy, and consent to receive other communications from ethiXbase. Received a request to fill in a supplier questionnaire and not sure how? Contact our Client Services Team.

The ETS Stop Finder can be used to locate the nearest stops in or around a location so that you can find nearby stops and get next departures from this location. Click on the Stop tab and enter a stop number and select from the drop down. Click the “Find Location” button to find nearby stops and next departures at that stop. Click on the Address tab and enter an address or an intersection and select from the drop down. Click the “Find Location” button to find nearby stops at that address or intersection. Select a stop to find nearby stops and next departures at that stop or click the “Get Bus Schedules” button. address (e.g. 10025 102A Avenue) or intersection (e.g. 100 Street and 102 Avenue, 100 Street @ 102 Avenue) Tip: you can use “and” or “@” Click on the Landmark tab and select a landmark category (e.g. Schools) from the drop down. Select a popular location (e.g. Ross Sheppard High School) from the drop down to find the landmark. Click the “Find Nearby Stops” button to find a stop near that landmark. . Select a stop to find nearby stops and next departures at that stop or click the “Get Bus Schedules” button. Facebook | Help | Report a bug | Condition of Use | Web Privacy Code Copyright © 2017, City of Edmonton. All rights reserved. takeETS.com

This sleeve is made from high-quality silicone and in addition to providing drop and scratch protection, it has been designed to give you a more secure hold while using DermLite DL4. Slides over the DL4 handle and leaves both power button and charging port accessible.

Two revised groups are currently available. The EUNIS classification review is on-going and more groups will become available.

Two revised groups are currently available. The EUNIS classification review is on-going and more groups will become available.

Two revised groups are currently available. The EUNIS classification review is on-going and more groups will become available.

Slimming - $250.00 USDLavender Rose Stone - $230.00 USDBody Detox Capsule - $250.00 USDMedical Lymph Massage - $230.00 USDFacial Swelling Care - $230.00 USD Add to cart Medical Theraspa is a medical-science based spa treatment that differs significantly from that of normal spa treatment.This program is designed to deliver balanced body to you by helping improve the body metabolism and circulation. You can expect to improve your body system and also improve immune system. With the Theraspa program, you will experience the following: blood and lymph circulation, muscle relaxation, stress relief, detoxification, body slimming, and the strengthening of immune system. Theraspa therapists are equipped with professional experience and years of medical training over 7-years. With cutting-edge Hydro-treatment facilities and equipment, Medical Theraspa will also help you maintain a balanced body shape. Give yourself a healthy break through the Medical Theraspa Program. Detail What’s Included Medical Consultation TheraSpa Program 1:1 Concierge Service in English, Chinese and Russian (Limited to weekdays only. Phone translation is available on weekends) Program (Duration: 90 mins) 1:1 Medical Consultation with Body Reading Theraspa Program of your choice Relax About Since Opening of CHAUM back in 2010, CHAUM offers various health services for both domestic and overseas visitors. Area of medical services is in western, integrated oriental, and alternative medicine. Chaum also provides medical services by detecting diseases at an early stage, preventing diseases through DNA testing, and protecting one's health through stem cell banking services. Opening Hours Mon-Sun 10am-8pm (Open on Sunday and Public Holidays) Options Slimming - Remove the fibers wrapped with cellulite and make your body more toned and smoother. Lavender Rose Stone Relaxation - Induce energy into your body in order to keep a balance of energy by using Lavender rose stone carried from Sweden. Body Detox Capsule - A perfect detox for relieving your body toxin and stress out by using marine materials extracted from clean sea. Promoting body circulation and supplying minerals into your body through Thermal Capsule. Medical Lymph Massage - Effective not only for obesity care but also preoperative management. Recommended for patients who suffer from edema and desire to detoxify their body. Facial Swelling Care - Highly recommended for patients after plastic surgery to reduce swelling and stimulate immune system to boost healing process. How to book Get a Quote for Free - Please submit our quote request or contact our concierge at concierge@eunogo.com. Online Consultation - you will receive an online consultation and quote. Schedule - Schedule a date & time for your appointment. Enjoy your Treatment - Enjoy your treatment and you can pay the quoted price directly at the clinic. Aftercare The level of effectiveness, recovery/maintenance period, and pain level may vary by individuals. Reviews (9) Customer Reviews 5.0 Based on 9 Reviews 5 ★ 100% 9 4 ★ 0% 0 3 ★ 0% 0 2 ★ 0% 0 1 ★ 0% 0 Customer Photos Write a Review Ask a Question Reviews Questions Write a review Author Name Email Location Rating Rating 1 2 3 4 5 Title of Review How was your overall experience? Questions Photos Upload Thank you for submitting a review! Your input is very much appreciated. Share it with your friends so they can enjoy it too! FacebookTwitter Be the first to review this item Sort Most Recent Highest Rating Lowest Rating Most Helpful Filter Reviews: × Sort Most Recent Highest Rating Lowest Rating Most Helpful Clear filters More Filters L 10/25/2019 Lillian Singapore The most luxurious spa From the moment I entered the building, I was so surprised and I felt like I am some kind of rich or royal person. The medical spa is so luxury and the massage is perfect. I can't stop thinking about how great it was. The massage room is spacious and the bedding and everything is really clean and nice. like a hotel kind of feel. It was a little difficult to find at first but I was just not looking at the right place. The spa also had a restaurant so me and my friend went to have lunch afterward. Also really great. I definitely want to go back next time I am in Korea. Definitely worth it. Premium Medical Theraspa Share | Facebook • Twitter Was this helpful? 0 0 M 08/24/2019 Misty South Korea Slimming massage INCREDIBLE massage, AMAZING service! The Chaum clinic is luxurious and you are treated like royalty from the moment you walk in! The aromatherapy and massage and slimming techniques were great for my body. My therapist applied just the right amount of pressure and I was able to shower and unwind so I looked great after my treatment. I will be back! Premium Medical Theraspa Share | Facebook • Twitter Was this helpful? 0 0 Z 06/14/2019 Zee Indonesia Lavender Rose Stone One of the best massages I've ever received! The techniques they used for the massage feels different to a normal spa treatment, it was amazing. Not only that, even the service before and after the treatment itself was so well done and I was well taken care of by the staff, the place itself offers unparalleled hygiene and comfort. Would definitely come back on my next trip! Premium Medical Theraspa Share | Facebook • Twitter Was this helpful? 0 0 G 10/12/2018 Grace United States Medical Lymph Massage I initially signed up for the stone massage but my therapist recommended the lymph massage. It was a wonderful experience from start to finish. I arrived early and they had me sit in a fancy waiting area with tea. The building, the room, the service, everything was beautiful and lovely. I will definitely be back! Premium Medical Theraspa Share | Facebook • Twitter Was this helpful? 0 0 J 02/13/2018 Jo Australia Body Detox Capsule I tried the Body Detox Capsule and it was amazing. I felt so relaxed after and my skin felt so good. I would do this again.

Language български (bg) Español (es) Čeština (cs) Dansk (da) Deutsch (de) Eesti keel (et) Ελληνικά (el) English (en) Français (fr) Gaeilge (ga) Hrvatski (hr) Italiano (it) Latviešu valoda (lv) Lietuvių kalba (lt) Magyar (hu) Malti (mt) Nederlands (nl) Polski (pl) Português (pt) Română (ro) Slovenčina (sk) Slovenščina (sl) Suomi (fi) Svenska (sv) My EUR-Lex My EUR-Lex Sign in Register My recent searches (0) Experimental features × Choose the experimental features you want to try Do you want to help improving EUR-Lex ? This is a list of experimental features that you can enable. These features are still under development; they are not fully tested, and might reduce EUR-Lex stability. Don't forget to give your feedback! Warning! Experimental feature conflicts detected. Enable / Disable all experimental features Enable / disable all experimental features Show deep linking in the document text (smaller than 900 KB). It enables links to other legal acts referred to within the documents Activate features selected × Select site language български (bg) Español (es) Čeština (cs) Dansk (da) Deutsch (de) Eesti keel (et) Ελληνικά (el) English (en) Français (fr) Gaeilge (ga) Hrvatski (hr) Italiano (it) Latviešu valoda (lv) Lietuvių kalba (lt) Magyar (hu) Malti (mt) Nederlands (nl) Polski (pl) Português (pt) Română (ro) Slovenčina (sk) Slovenščina (sl) Suomi (fi) Svenska (sv) This document is an excerpt from the EUR-Lex website Menu EU law Treaties Treaties currently in force Founding treaties Accession Treaties Other treaties and protocols Chronological overview Legal acts Consolidated texts International agreements Preparatory documents EFTA documents Lawmaking procedures Summaries of EU Legislation Browse by EU Institutions European Parliament European Council Council of the European Union European Commission Court of Justice of the European Union European Central Bank European Court of Auditors European Economic and Social Committee European Committee of the Regions Browse by EuroVoc EU case-law Case-law Digital reports Directory of case-law Official Journal Access to the Official Journal Legally binding print editions Special edition National law and case-law National transposition National case-law JURE case-law Information News Latest developments on EUR-Lex Statistics ELI register About ELI Technical information ELI implementation overview Resources for implementing ELI ELI highlights ELI testimonials Legislation in schema.org EU budget online Quick search Use quotation marks to search for an "exact phrase". Append an asterisk (*) to a search term to find variations of it (transp*, 32019R*). Use a question mark (?) instead of a single character in your search term to find variations of it (ca?e finds case, cane, care). Search tips Need more search options? Use the Advanced search You are here EUROPA EUR-Lex home EUR-Lex - 32019L1023 - EN Document 32019L1023 Help Print this page Text Document information Procedure National transposition Document summary Save to My items Up-to-date link Permanent link Bookmark this item Download notice Follow this document Table of contents Hide Table of contents Expand all Collapse all Title and reference ​ Directive (EU) 2019/1023 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on preventive restructuring frameworks, on discharge of debt and disqualifications, and on measures to increase the efficiency of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt, and amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 (Directive on restructuring and insolvency) (Text with EEA relevance.) Directive (EU) 2019/1023 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on preventive restructuring frameworks, on discharge of debt and disqualifications, and on measures to increase the efficiency of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt, and amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 (Directive on restructuring and insolvency) (Text with EEA relevance.) Directive (EU) 2019/1023 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on preventive restructuring frameworks, on discharge of debt and disqualifications, and on measures to increase the efficiency of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt, and amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 (Directive on restructuring and insolvency) (Text with EEA relevance.) PE/93/2018/REV/1 OJ L 172, 26.6.2019, p. 18–55 (BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, GA, HR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV) In force ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/1023/oj Languages, formats and link to OJ Language BG ES CS DA DE ET EL EN FR GA HR IT LV LT HU MT NL PL PT RO SK SL FI SV HTML EN Toggle Dropdown BG ES CS DA DE ET EL EN FR GA HR IT LV LT HU MT NL PL PT RO SK SL FI SV PDF EN Toggle Dropdown BG ES CS DA DE ET EL EN FR GA HR IT LV LT HU MT NL PL PT RO SK SL FI SV Official Journal EN Toggle Dropdown BG ES CS DA DE ET EL EN FR GA HR IT LV LT HU MT NL PL PT RO SK SL FI SV To see if this document has been published in an e-OJ with legal value, click on the icon above (For OJs published before 1st July 2013, only the paper version has legal value). Multilingual display Language 1 Bulgarian (bg) Spanish (es) Czech (cs) Danish (da) German (de) Estonian (et) Greek (el) English (en) French (fr) Irish (ga) Croatian (hr) Italian (it) Latvian (lv) Lithuanian (lt) Hungarian (hu) Maltese (mt) Dutch (nl) Polish (pl) Portuguese (pt) Romanian (ro) Slovak (sk) Slovenian (sl) Finnish (fi) Swedish (sv) Language 2 Please choose Bulgarian (bg) Spanish (es) Czech (cs) Danish (da) German (de) Estonian (et) Greek (el) English (en) French (fr) Irish (ga) Croatian (hr) Italian (it) Latvian (lv) Lithuanian (lt) Hungarian (hu) Maltese (mt) Dutch (nl) Polish (pl) Portuguese (pt) Romanian (ro) Slovak (sk) Slovenian (sl) Finnish (fi) Swedish (sv) Language 3 Please choose Bulgarian (bg) Spanish (es) Czech (cs) Danish (da) German (de) Estonian (et) Greek (el) English (en) French (fr) Irish (ga) Croatian (hr) Italian (it) Latvian (lv) Lithuanian (lt) Hungarian (hu) Maltese (mt) Dutch (nl) Polish (pl) Portuguese (pt) Romanian (ro) Slovak (sk) Slovenian (sl) Finnish (fi) Swedish (sv) Display Text 26.6.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 172/18 DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/1023 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2019 on preventive restructuring frameworks, on discharge of debt and disqualifications, and on measures to increase the efficiency of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt, and amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 (Directive on restructuring and insolvency) (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Articles 53 and 114 thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission, After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments, Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee (1), Having regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions (2), Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure (3), Whereas: (1) The objective of this Directive is to contribute to the proper functioning of the internal market and remove obstacles to the exercise of fundamental freedoms, such as the free movement of capital and freedom of establishment, which result from differences between national laws and procedures concerning preventive restructuring, insolvency, discharge of debt, and disqualifications. Without affecting workers' fundamental rights and freedoms, this Directive aims to remove such obstacles by ensuring that: viable enterprises and entrepreneurs that are in financial difficulties have access to effective national preventive restructuring frameworks which enable them to continue operating; honest insolvent or over-indebted entrepreneurs can benefit from a full discharge of debt after a reasonable period of time, thereby allowing them a second chance; and that the effectiveness of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt is improved, in particular with a view to shortening their length. (2) Restructuring should enable debtors in financial difficulties to continue business, in whole or in part, by changing the composition, conditions or structure of their assets and their liabilities or any other part of their capital structure — including by sales of assets or parts of the business or, where so provided under national law, the business as a whole — as well as by carrying out operational changes. Unless otherwise specifically provided for by national law, operational changes, such as the termination or amendment of contracts or the sale or other disposal of assets, should comply with the general requirements that are provided for under national law for such measures, in particular civil law and labour law rules. Any debt-to-equity swaps should also comply with safeguards provided for by national law. Preventive restructuring frameworks should, above all, enable debtors to restructure effectively at an early stage and to avoid insolvency, thus limiting the unnecessary liquidation of viable enterprises. Those frameworks should help to prevent job losses and the loss of know-how and skills, and maximise the total value to creditors — in comparison to what they would receive in the event of the liquidation of the enterprise's assets or in the event of the next-best-alternative scenario in the absence of a plan — as well as to owners and the economy as a whole. (3) Preventive restructuring frameworks should also prevent the build-up of non-performing loans. The availability of effective preventive restructuring frameworks would ensure that action is taken before enterprises default on their loans, thereby helping to reduce the risk of loans becoming non-performing in cyclical downturns and mitigating the adverse impact on the financial sector. A significant percentage of businesses and jobs could be saved if preventive frameworks existed in all the Member States in which businesses' places of establishment, assets or creditors are situated. In restructuring frameworks the rights of all parties involved, including workers, should be protected in a balanced manner. At the same time, non-viable businesses with no prospect of survival should be liquidated as quickly as possible. Where a debtor in financial difficulties is not economically viable or cannot be readily restored to economic viability, restructuring efforts could result in the acceleration and accumulation of losses to the detriment of creditors, workers and other stakeholders, as well as the economy as a whole. (4) There are differences between Member States as regards the range of the procedures available to debtors in financial difficulties in order to restructure their business. Some Member States have a limited range of procedures that allow the restructuring of businesses only at a relatively late stage, in the context of insolvency procedures. In other Member States, restructuring is possible at an earlier stage but the procedures available are not as effective as they could be, or they are very formal, in particular because they limit the use of out-of-court arrangements. Preventive solutions are a growing trend in insolvency law. The trend favours approaches that, unlike the traditional approach of liquidating a business in financial difficulties, have the aim of restoring it to a healthy state or, at least, saving those of its units which are still economically viable. That approach, among other benefits to the economy, often helps to maintain jobs or reduce job losses. Moreover, the degree of involvement of judicial or administrative authorities, or the persons appointed by them, varies from no involvement or minimal involvement in some Member States to full involvement in others. Similarly, national rules giving entrepreneurs a second chance, in particular by granting them discharge from the debts they have incurred in the course of their business, vary between Member States in respect of the length of the discharge period and the conditions for granting such a discharge. (5) In many Member States, it takes more than three years for entrepreneurs who are insolvent but honest to be discharged from their debts and make a fresh start. Inefficient discharge of debt and disqualification frameworks result in entrepreneurs having to relocate to other jurisdictions in order to benefit from a fresh start in a reasonable period of time, at considerable additional cost to both their creditors and the entrepreneurs themselves. Long disqualification orders, which often accompany a procedure leading to discharge of debt, create obstacles to the freedom to take up and pursue a self-employed, entrepreneurial activity. (6) The excessive length of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt in several Member States is an important factor triggering low recovery rates and deterring investors from carrying out business in jurisdictions where procedures risk taking too long and being unduly costly. (7) Differences between Member States in relation to procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt translate into additional costs for investors when assessing the risk of debtors getting into financial difficulties in one or more Member States, or of investing in viable businesses in financial difficulties, as well as additional costs of restructuring enterprises that have establishments, creditors or assets in other Member States. This is most notably the case with restructuring international groups of companies. Investors mention uncertainty about insolvency rules or the risk of lengthy or complex insolvency procedures in another Member State as being one of the main reasons for not investing or not entering into a business relationship with a counterpart outside the Member State where they are based. That uncertainty acts as a disincentive which obstructs the freedom of establishment of undertakings and the promotion of entrepreneurship and harms the proper functioning of the internal market. Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (‘SMEs’) in particular do not, for the most part, have the resources needed to assess risks related to cross-border activities. (8) The differences among Member States in procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt lead to uneven conditions for access to credit and to uneven recovery rates in the Member States. A higher degree of harmonisation in the field of restructuring, insolvency, discharge of debt and disqualifications is thus indispensable for a well-functioning internal market in general and for a working Capital Markets Union in particular, as well as for the resilience of European economies, including for the preservation and creation of jobs. (9) The additional cost of risk-assessment and of cross-border enforcement of claims for creditors of over-indebted entrepreneurs who relocate to another Member State in order to obtain a discharge of debt in a much shorter period of time should also be reduced. The additional costs for entrepreneurs stemming from the need to relocate to another Member State in order to benefit from a discharge of debt should also be reduced. Furthermore, the obstacles stemming from long disqualification orders linked to an entrepreneur's insolvency or over-indebtedness inhibit entrepreneurship. (10) Any restructuring operation, in particular one of major size which generates a significant impact, should be based on a dialogue with the stakeholders. That dialogue should cover the choice of the measures envisaged in relation to the objectives of the restructuring operation, as well as alternative options, and there should be appropriate involvement of employees' representatives as provided for in Union and national law. (11) The obstacles to the exercise of fundamental freedoms are not limited to purely cross-border situations. An increasingly interconnected internal market, in which goods, services, capital and workers circulate freely, and which has an ever-stronger digital dimension, means that very few enterprises are purely national if all relevant elements are considered, such as their client base, supply chain, scope of activities, investor and capital base. Even purely national insolvencies can have an impact on the functioning of the internal market through the so-called domino effect of insolvencies, whereby a debtor's insolvency may trigger further insolvencies in the supply chain. (12) Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council (4) deals with issues of jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement, applicable law and cooperation in cross-border insolvency proceedings as well as with the interconnection of insolvency registers. Its scope covers preventive procedures which promote the rescue of economically viable debtors as well as discharge procedures for entrepreneurs and other natural persons. However, that Regulation does not tackle the disparities between national laws regulating those procedures. Furthermore, an instrument limited only to cross-border insolvencies would not remove all obstacles to free movement, nor would it be feasible for investors to determine in advance the cross-border or domestic nature of the potential financial difficulties of the debtor in the future. There is therefore a need to go beyond matters of judicial cooperation and to establish substantive minimum standards for preventive restructuring procedures as well as for procedures leading to a discharge of debt for entrepreneurs. (13) This Directive should be without prejudice to the scope of Regulation (EU) 2015/848. It aims to be fully compatible with, and complementary to, that Regulation, by requiring Member States to put in place preventive restructuring procedures which comply with certain minimum principles of effectiveness. It does not change the approach taken in that Regulation of allowing Member States to maintain or introduce procedures which do not fulfil the condition of publicity for notification under Annex A to that Regulation. Although this Directive does not require that procedures within its scope fulfil all the conditions for notification under that Annex, it aims to facilitate the cross-border recognition of those procedures and the recognition and enforceability of judgments. (14) The advantage of the application of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 is that it provides for safeguards against abusive relocation of the debtor's centre of main interests during cross-border insolvency proceedings. Certain restrictions should also apply to procedures not covered by that Regulation. (15) It is necessary to lower the costs of restructuring for both debtors and creditors. Therefore, the differences between Member States which hamper the early restructuring of viable debtors in financial difficulties and the possibility of a discharge of debt for honest entrepreneurs should be reduced. Reducing such differences should bring greater transparency, legal certainty and predictability across the Union. It should maximise the returns to all types of creditors and investors and encourage cross-border investment. Greater coherence of restructuring and insolvency procedures should also facilitate the restructuring of groups of companies irrespective of where the members of the group are located in the Union. (16) Removing the barriers to effective preventive restructuring of viable debtors in financial difficulties contributes to minimising job losses and losses of value for creditors in the supply chain, preserves know-how and skills and hence benefits the wider economy. Facilitating a discharge of debt for entrepreneurs would help to avoid their exclusion from the labour market and enable them to restart entrepreneurial activities, drawing lessons from past experience. Moreover, reducing the length of restructuring procedures would result in higher recovery rates for creditors as the passing of time would normally only result in a further loss of value of the debtor or the debtor's business. Finally, efficient preventive restructuring, insolvency and discharge procedures would enable a better assessment of the risks involved in lending and borrowing decisions and facilitate the adjustment for insolvent or over-indebted debtors, minimising the economic and social costs involved in their deleveraging process. This Directive should allow Member States flexibility to apply common principles while respecting national legal systems. Member States should be able to maintain or introduce in their national legal systems preventive restructuring frameworks other than those provided for by this Directive. (17) Enterprises, and in particular SMEs, which represent 99 % of all businesses in the Union, should benefit from a more coherent approach at Union level. SMEs are more likely to be liquidated than restructured, since they have to bear costs that are disproportionately higher than those faced by larger enterprises. SMEs, especially when facing financial difficulties, often do not have the necessary resources to cope with high restructuring costs and to take advantage of the more efficient restructuring procedures available only in some Member States. In order to help such debtors restructure at low cost, comprehensive check-lists for restructuring plans, adapted to the needs and specificities of SMEs, should be developed at national level and made available online. In addition, early warning tools should be put in place to warn debtors of the urgent need to act, taking into account the limited resources of SMEs for hiring experts. (18) When defining SMEs, Member States could give due consideration to Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (5) or the Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (6). (19) It is appropriate to exclude from the scope of this Directive debtors which are insurance and re-insurance undertakings as defined in points (1) and (4) of Article 13 of Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (7), credit institutions as defined in point (1) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (8), investment firms and collective investment undertakings as defined in points (2) and (7) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, central counterparties as defined in point (1) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council (9), central securities depositories as defined in point (1) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council (10) and other financial institutions and entities listed in the first subparagraph of Article 1(1) of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (11). Such debtors are subject to special arrangements and the national supervisory and resolution authorities have wide-ranging powers of intervention in relation to them. Member States should be able to exclude other financial entities providing financial services which are subject to comparable arrangements and powers of intervention. (20) For similar considerations, it is also appropriate to exclude from the scope of this Directive public bodies under national law. Member States should also be able to limit the access to preventive restructuring frameworks to legal persons, since the financial difficulties of entrepreneurs may be efficiently addressed not only by means of preventive restructuring procedures but also by means of procedures which lead to a discharge of debt or by means of informal restructurings based on contractual agreements. Member States with different legal systems, where the same type of entity has a different legal status in those legal systems, should be able to apply one uniform regime to such entities. A preventive restructuring framework laid down pursuant to this Directive should not affect claims and entitlements against a debtor that arise from occupational pension systems if those claims and entitlements accrued during a period prior to the restructuring. (21) Consumer over-indebtedness is a matter of great economic and social concern and is closely related to the reduction of debt overhang. Furthermore, it is often not possible to draw a clear distinction between the debts incurred by entrepreneurs in the course of their trade, business, craft or profession and those incurred outside those activities. Entrepreneurs would not effectively benefit from a second chance if they had to go through separate procedures, with different access conditions and discharge periods, to discharge their business debts and other debts incurred outside their business. For those reasons, although this Directive does not include binding rules on consumer over-indebtedness, it would be advisable for Member States to apply also to consumers, at the earliest opportunity, the provisions of this Directive concerning discharge of debt. (22) The earlier a debtor can detect its financial difficulties and can take appropriate action, the higher the probability of avoiding an impending insolvency or, in the case of a business the viability of which is permanently impaired, the more orderly and efficient the liquidation process would be. Clear, up-to-date, concise and user-friendly information on the available preventive restructuring procedures as well as one or more early warning tools should therefore be put in place to incentivise debtors that start to experience financial difficulties to take early action. Early warning tools which take the form of alert mechanisms that indicate when the debtor has not made certain types of payments could be triggered by, for example, non-payment of taxes or social security contributions. Such tools could be developed either by Member States or by private entities, provided that the objective is met. Member States should make information about early warning tools available online, for example on a dedicated website or webpage. Member States should be able to adapt the early warning tools depending on the size of the enterprise and to lay down specific provisions on early warning tools for large-sized enterprises and groups that take into account their peculiarities. This Directive should not impose any liability on Member States for potential damage incurred through restructuring procedures which are triggered by such early warning tools. (23) In an effort to increase the support of employees and their representatives, Member States should ensure that employees' representatives are given access to relevant and up-to-date information regarding the availability of early warning tools and it should also be possible for them to provide support to employees' representatives in assessing the economic situation of the debtor. (24) A restructuring framework should be available to debtors, including legal entities and, where so provided under national law, natural persons and groups of companies, to enable them to address their financial difficulties at an early stage, when it appears likely that their insolvency can be prevented and the viability of the business can be ensured. A restructuring framework should be available before a debtor becomes insolvent under national law, namely before the debtor fulfils the conditions under national law for entering collective insolvency proceedings, which normally entail a total divestment of the debtor and the appointment of a liquidator. In order to avoid restructuring frameworks being misused, the financial difficulties of the debtor should indicate a likelihood of insolvency and the restructuring plan should be capable of preventing the insolvency of the debtor and ensuring the viability of the business. (25) Member States should be able to determine whether claims that fall due or that come into existence after an application to open a preventive restructuring procedure has been submitted or after the procedure has been opened are included in the preventive restructuring measures or the stay of individual enforcement actions. Member States should be able to decide whether the stay of individual enforcement actions has an effect on the interest due on claims. (26) Member States should be able to introduce a viability test as a condition for access to the preventive restructuring procedure provided for by this Directive. Such a test should be carried out without detriment to the debtor's assets, which could take the form of, among other things, the granting of an interim stay or the carrying out without undue delay of the test. However, the absence of detriment should not prevent Member States from requiring debtors to prove their viability at their own cost. (27) The fact that Member States can limit access to a restructuring framework with regard to debtors that have been sentenced for serious breaches of accounting or book-keeping obligations should not prevent Member States from also limiting the access of debtors to preventive restructuring frameworks where their books and records are incomplete or deficient to a degree that makes it impossible to ascertain the business and financial situation of the debtors. (28) Member States should be able to extend the scope of preventive restructuring frameworks provided for by this Directive to situations in which debtors face non-financial difficulties, provided that such difficulties give rise to a real and serious threat to a debtor's actual or future ability to pay its debts as they fall due. The time frame relevant for the determination of such threat may extend to a period of several months, or even longer, in order to account for cases in which the debtor is faced with non-financial difficulties threatening the status of its business as a going concern and, in the medium term, its liquidity. This may be the case, for example, where the debtor has lost a contract which is of key importance to it. (29) To promote efficiency and reduce delays and costs, national preventive restructuring frameworks should include flexible procedures. Where this Directive is implemented by means of more than one procedure within a restructuring framework, the debtor should have access to all rights and safeguards provided for by this Directive with the aim of achieving an effective restructuring. Except in the event of mandatory involvement of judicial or administrative authorities as provided for under this Directive, Member States should be able to limit the involvement of such authorities to situations in which it is necessary and proportionate, while taking into consideration, among other things, the aim of safeguarding the rights and interests of debtors and of affected parties, as well as the aim of reducing delays and the cost of the procedures. Where creditors or employees' representatives are allowed to initiate a restructuring procedure under national law and where the debtor is an SME, Member States should require the agreement of the debtor as a precondition for the initiation of the procedure, and should also be able to extend that requirement to debtors which are large enterprises. (30) To avoid unnecessary costs, to reflect the early nature of preventive restructuring and to encourage debtors to apply for preventive restructuring at an early stage of their financial difficulties, they should, in principle, be left in control of their assets and the day-to-day operation of their business. The appointment of a practitioner in the field of restructuring, to supervise the activity of a debtor or to partially take over control of a debtor's daily operations, should not be mandatory in every case, but made on a case-by-case basis depending on the circumstances of the case or on the debtor's specific needs. Nevertheless, Member States should be able to determine that the appointment of a practitioner in the field of restructuring is always necessary in certain circumstances, such as where: the debtor benefits from a general stay of individual enforcement actions; the restructuring plan needs to be confirmed by means of a cross-class cram-down; the restructuring plan includes measures affecting the rights of workers; or the debtor or its management have acted in a criminal, fraudulent, or detrimental manner in business relations. (31) For the purpose of assisting the parties with negotiating and drafting a restructuring plan, Member States should provide for the mandatory appointment of a practitioner in the field of restructuring where: a judicial or administrative authority grants the debtor a general stay of individual enforcement actions, provided that in such case a practitioner is needed to safeguard the interests of the parties; the restructuring plan needs to be confirmed by a judicial or administrative authority by means of a cross-class cram-down; it was requested by the debtor; or it is requested by a majority of creditors provided that the creditors cover the costs and fees of the practitioner. (32) A debtor should be able to benefit from a temporary stay of individual enforcement actions, whether granted by a judicial or administrative authority or by operation of law, with the aim of supporting the negotiations on a restructuring plan, in order to be able to continue operating or at least to preserve the value of its estate during the negotiations. Where so provided by national law, it should also be possible for the stay to apply for the benefit of third-party security providers, including guarantors and collateral givers. However, Member States should be able to provide that judicial or administrative authorities can refuse to grant a stay of individual enforcement actions where such a stay is not necessary or where it would not fulfil the objective of supporting the negotiations. Grounds for refusal might include a lack of support by the required majorities of creditors or, where so provided under national law, the debtor's actual inability to pay debts as they fall due. (33) In order to facilitate and accelerate the course of proceedings, Member States should be able to establish, on a rebuttable basis, presumptions for the presence of grounds for refusal of the stay, where, for example, the debtor shows conduct that is typical of a debtor that is unable to pay debts as they fall due — such as a substantial default vis-à-vis workers or tax or social security agencies — or where a financial crime has been committed by the debtor or the current management of an enterprise which gives reason to believe that a majority of creditors would not support the start of the negotiations. (34) A stay of individual enforcement actions could be general, in that it affects all creditors, or it could apply only to some individual creditors or categories of creditors. Member States should be able to exclude certain claims or categories of claims from the scope of the stay, in well-defined circumstances, such as claims which are secured by assets the removal of which would not jeopardise the restructuring of the business or claims of creditors in respect of which a stay would cause unfair prejudice, such as by way of an uncompensated loss or depreciation of collateral. (35) In order to provide for a fair balance between the rights of the debtor and those of creditors, a stay of individual enforcement actions should apply for a maximum period of up to four months. Complex restructurings may, however, require more time. Member States should be able to provide that, in such cases, extensions of the initial period of the stay can be granted by the judicial or administrative authority. Where a judicial or administrative authority does not take a decision on the extension of a stay before it lapses, the stay should cease to have effect upon expiry of the stay period. In the interest of legal certainty, the total period of the stay should be limited to 12 months. Member States should be able to provide for an indefinite stay where the debtor becomes insolvent under national law. Member States should be able to decide whether a short interim stay pending a judicial or administrative authority's decision on access to the preventive restructuring framework is subject to the time limits under this Directive. (36) To ensure that creditors do not suffer unnecessary detriment, Member States should provide that judicial or administrative authorities can lift a stay of individual enforcement actions if it no longer fulfils the objective of supporting negotiations, for example if it becomes apparent that the required majority of creditors does not support the continuation of the negotiations. The stay should also be lifted if creditors are unfairly prejudiced by it, where Member States provide for such a possibility. Member States should be allowed to limit the possibility to lift the stay to situations where creditors have not had the opportunity to be heard before it came into force or before it was extended. Member States should also be allowed to provide for a minimum period during which the stay cannot be lifted. In establishing whether there is unfair prejudice to creditors, judicial or administrative authorities should be able to take into account whether the stay would preserve the overall value of the estate, and whether the debtor acts in bad faith or with the intention of causing prejudice or generally acts against the legitimate expectations of the general body of creditors. (37) This Directive does not cover provisions on compensation or guarantees for creditors of which the collateral is likely to decrease in value during the stay. A single creditor or a class of creditors would be unfairly prejudiced by the stay if, for example, their claims would be made substantially worse-off as a result of the stay than if the stay did not apply, or if the creditor is put more at a disadvantage than other creditors in a similar position. Member States should be able to provide that, whenever unfair prejudice is established in respect of one or more creditors or one or more classes of creditors, the stay can be lifted in respect of those creditors or classes of creditors or in respect of all creditors. Member States should be able to decide who is entitled to request the lifting of the stay. (38) A stay of individual enforcement actions should also result in the suspension of a debtor's obligation to file for, or the opening at a creditor's request of, an insolvency procedure which could end in liquidation of the debtor. Such insolvency procedures should, in addition to those limited by law to having as the only possible outcome the liquidation of the debtor, also include procedures that could lead to a restructuring of the debtor. The suspension of the opening of an insolvency procedure at the request of creditors should apply not only where Member States provide for a general stay of individual enforcement actions covering all creditors, but also where Member States provide for the option of a stay of individual enforcement actions covering only a limited number of creditors. Nevertheless, Member States should be able to provide that insolvency proceedings can be opened at the request of public authorities which are not acting in a creditor capacity, but in the general interest, such as a public prosecutor. (39) This Directive should not prevent debtors from paying, in the ordinary course of business, claims of unaffected creditors, and claims of affected creditors that arise during the stay of individual enforcement actions. To ensure that creditors with claims that came into existence before the opening of a restructuring procedure or a stay of individual enforcement actions do not put pressure on the debtor to pay those claims, which otherwise would be reduced through the implementation of the restructuring plan, Member States should be able to provide for the suspension of the obligation on the debtor with respect to payment of those claims. (40) When a debtor enters an insolvency procedure, some suppliers can have contractual rights, provided for in so-called ipso facto clauses, entitling them to terminate the supply contract solely on account of the insolvency, even if the debtor has duly met its obligations. Ipso facto clauses could also be triggered when a debtor applies for preventive restructuring measures. Where such clauses are invoked when the debtor is merely negotiating a restructuring plan or requesting a stay of individual enforcement actions or invoked in connection with any event connected with the stay, early termination can have a negative impact on the debtor's business and the successful rescue of the business. Therefore, in such cases, it is necessary to provide that creditors are not allowed to invoke ipso facto clauses which make reference to negotiations on a restructuring plan or a stay or any similar event connected to the stay. (41) Early termination can endanger the ability of a business to continue operating during restructuring negotiations, especially when contracts for essential supplies such as gas, electricity, water, telecommunication and card payment services are concerned. Member States should provide that creditors to which a stay of individual enforcement actions applies, and whose claims came into existence prior to the stay and have not been paid by a debtor, are not allowed to withhold performance of, terminate, accelerate or, in any other way, modify essential executory contracts during the stay period, provided that the debtor complies with its obligations under such contracts which fall due during the stay. Executory contracts are, for example, lease and licence agreements, long-term supply contracts and franchise agreements. (42) This Directive lays down minimum standards for the content of a restructuring plan. However, Member States should be able to require additional explanations in the restructuring plan, concerning for example the criteria according to which creditors have been grouped, which may be relevant in cases where a debt is only partially secured. Member States should not be obliged to require an expert opinion regarding the value of assets which need to be indicated in the plan. (43) Creditors affected by a restructuring plan, including workers, and, where allowed under national law, equity-holders, should have a right to vote on the adoption of a restructuring plan. Member States should be able to provide for limited exceptions to this rule. Parties unaffected by the restructuring plan should have no voting rights in relation to the plan, nor should their support be required for the approval of any plan. The concept of ‘affected parties’ should only include workers in their capacity as creditors. Therefore, if Member States decide to exempt the claims of workers from the preventive restructuring framework, workers should not be considered as affected parties. The vote on the adoption of a restructuring plan could take the form of a formal voting process or of a consultation and agreement with the required majority of affected parties. However, where the vote takes the form of an agreement with the requisite majority, affected parties which were not involved in the agreement could nevertheless be offered the opportunity to join the restructuring plan. (44) To ensure that rights which are substantially similar are treated equitably and that restructuring plans can be adopted without unfairly prejudicing the rights of affected parties, affected parties should be treated in separate classes which correspond to the class formation criteria under national law. ‘Class formation’ means the grouping of affected parties for the purposes of adopting a plan in such a way as to reflect their rights and the seniority of their claims and interests. As a minimum, secured and unsecured creditors should always be treated in separate classes. Member States should, however, be able to require that more than two classes of creditors are formed, including different classes of unsecured or secured creditors and classes of creditors with subordinated claims. Member States should also be able to treat types of creditors that lack a sufficient commonality of interest, such as tax or social security authorities, in separate classes. It should be possible for Member States to provide that secured claims can be divided into secured and unsecured parts based on collateral valuation. It should also be possible for Member States to lay down specific rules supporting class formation where non-diversified or otherwise especially vulnerable creditors, such as workers or small suppliers, would benefit from such class formation. (45) Member States should be able to provide that debtors that are SMEs, can, on account of their relatively simple capital structure, be exempted from the obligation to treat affected parties in separate classes. In cases where SMEs have opted to create only one voting class and that class votes against the plan, it should be possible for debtors to submit another plan, in line with the general principles of this Directive. (46) Member States should in any case ensure that adequate treatment is given in their national law to matters of particular importance for class formation purposes, such as claims from connected parties, and that their national law contains rules that deal with contingent claims and contested claims. Member States should be allowed to regulate how contested claims are to be handled for the purposes of allocating voting rights. The judicial or administrative authority should examine class formation, including the selection of creditors affected by the plan, when a restructuring plan is submitted for confirmation. However, Member States should be able to provide that such authority can also examine class formation at an earlier stage should the proposer of the plan seek validation or guidance in advance. (47) Requisite majorities should be established by national law to ensure that a minority of affected parties in each class cannot obstruct the adoption of a restructuring plan which does not unfairly reduce their rights and interests. Without a majority rule binding dissenting secured creditors, early restructuring would not be possible in many cases, for example where a financial restructuring is needed but the business is otherwise viable. To ensure that parties have a say on the adoption of restructuring plans proportionate to the stakes they have in the business, the required majority should be based on the amount of the creditors' claims or equity holders' interests in any given class. Member States should, in addition, be able to require a majority in the number of affected parties in each class. Member States should be able to lay down rules in relation to affected parties with a right to vote which do not exercise that right in a correct manner or are not represented, such as rules allowing those affected parties to be taken into account for a participation threshold or for the calculation of a majority. Member States should also be able to provide for a participation threshold for the vote. (48) Confirmation of a restructuring plan by a judicial or administrative authority is necessary to ensure that the reduction of the rights of creditors or interests of equity holders is proportionate to the benefits of the restructuring and that they have access to an effective remedy. Confirmation is particularly necessary where: there are dissenting affected parties; the restructuring plan contains provisions on new financing; or the plan involves a loss of more than 25 % of the work force. Member States should, however, be able to provide that confirmation by a judicial or administrative authority is necessary also in other cases. A confirmation of a plan which involves the loss of more than 25 % of the work force should only be necessary where national law allows preventive restructuring frameworks to provide for measures that have a direct effect on employment contracts. (49) Member States should ensure that a judicial or administrative authority is able to reject a plan where it has been established that it reduces the rights of dissenting creditors or equity holders either to a level below what they could reasonably expect to receive in the event of the liquidation of the debtor's business, whether by piecemeal liquidation or by a sale as a going concern, depending on the particular circumstances of each debtor, or to a level below what they could reasonably expect in the event of the next-best-alternative scenario where the restructuring plan is not confirmed. However, where the plan is confirmed through a cross-class cram-down, reference should be made to the protection mechanism used in such scenario. Where Member States opt to carry out a valuation of the debtor as a going concern, the going-concern value should take into account the debtor's business in the longer term, as opposed to the liquidation value. The going-concern value is, as a rule, higher than the liquidation value because it is based on the assumption that the business continues its activity with the minimum of disruption, has the confidence of financial creditors, shareholders and clients, continues to generate revenues, and limits the impact on workers. (50) While compliance with the best-interests-of-creditors test should be examined by a judicial or administrative authority only if the restructuring plan is challenged on that ground in order to avoid a valuation being made in every case, Member States should be able to provide that other conditions for confirmation can be examined ex officio. Member States should be able to add other conditions which need to be complied with in order to confirm a restructuring plan, such as whether equity holders are adequately protected. Judicial or administrative authorities should be able to refuse to confirm restructuring plans which have no reasonable prospect of preventing the insolvency of the debtor or ensuring the viability of the business. However, Member States should not be required to ensure that such assessment is made ex officio. (51) Notification to all affected parties should be one of the conditions for confirmation of a restructuring plan. Member States should be able to define the form of the notification, to identify the time when it is to be made, as well as to lay down provisions for the treatment of unknown claims as regards notification. They should also be able to provide that non-affected parties have to be informed about the restructuring plan. (52) Satisfying the ‘best-interest-of-creditors’ test should be considered to mean that no dissenting creditor is worse off under a restructuring plan than it would be either in the case of liquidation, whether piecemeal liquidation or sale of the business as a going concern, or in the event of the next-best-alternative scenario if the restructuring plan were not to be confirmed. Member States should be able to choose one of those thresholds when implementing the best-interest-of-creditors test in national law. That test should be applied in any case where a plan needs to be confirmed in order to be binding for dissenting creditors or, as the case may be, dissenting classes of creditors. As a consequence of the best-interest-of-creditors test, where public institutional creditors have a privileged status under national law, Member States could provide that the plan cannot impose a full or partial cancellation of the claims of those creditors. (53) While a restructuring plan should always be adopted if the required majority in each affected class supports the plan, it should still be possible for a restructuring plan which is not supported by the required majority in each affected class to be confirmed by a judicial or administrative authority, upon the proposal of a debtor or with the debtor's agreement. In the case of a legal person, Member States should be able to decide if, for the purpose of adopting or confirming a restructuring plan, the debtor is to be understood as the legal person's management board or a certain majority of shareholders or equity holders. For the plan to be confirmed in the case of a cross-class cram-down, it should be supported by a majority of voting classes of affected parties. At least one of those classes should be a secured creditor class or senior to the ordinary unsecured creditors class. (54) It should be possible that, where a majority of voting classes does not support the restructuring plan, the plan can nevertheless be confirmed if it is supported by at least one affected or impaired class of creditors which, upon a valuation of the debtor as a going concern, receive payment or keep any interest, or, where so provided under national law, can reasonably be presumed to receive payment or keep any interest, if the normal ranking of liquidation priorities is applied under national law. In such a case, Member States should be able to increase the number of classes which are required to approve the plan, without necessarily requiring that all those classes should, upon a valuation of the debtor as a going concern, receive payment or keep any interest under national law. However, Member States should not require the consent of all classes. Accordingly, where there are only two classes of creditors, the consent of at least one class should be deemed to be sufficient, if the other conditions for the application of a cross-class cram-down are met. The impairment of creditors should be understood to mean that there is a reduction in the value of their claims. (55) In the case of a cross-class cram-down, Member States should ensure that dissenting classes of affected creditors are not unfairly prejudiced under the proposed plan and Member States should provide sufficient protection for such dissenting classes. Member States should be able to protect a dissenting class of affected creditors by ensuring that it is treated at least as favourably as any other class of the same rank and more favourably than any more junior class. Alternatively, Member States could protect a dissenting class of affected creditors by ensuring that such dissenting class is paid in full if a more junior class receives any distribution or keeps any interest under the restructuring plan (the ‘absolute priority rule’). Member States should have discretion in implementing the concept of ‘payment in full’, including in relation to the timing of the payment, as long as the principal of the claim and, in the case of secured creditors, the value of the collateral are protected. Member States should also be able to decide on the choice of the equivalent means by which the original claim could be satisfied in full. (56) Member States should be able to derogate from the absolute priority rule, for example where it is considered fair that equity holders keep certain interests under the plan despite a more senior class being obliged to accept a reduction of its claims, or that essential suppliers covered by the provision on the stay of individual enforcement actions are paid before more senior classes of creditors. Member States should be able to choose which of the above-mentioned protection mechanisms they put in place. (57) While shareholders' or other equity holders' legitimate interests should be protected, Member States should ensure that they cannot unreasonably prevent the adoption of restructuring plans that would bring the debtor back to viability. Member States should be able to use different means to achieve that goal, for example by not giving equity holders the right to vote on a restructuring plan and by not making the adoption of a restructuring plan conditional on the agreement of equity holders that, upon a valuation of the enterprise, would not receive any payment or other consideration if the normal ranking of liquidation priorities were applied. However, where equity holders have the right to vote on a restructuring plan, a judicial or administrative authority should be able to confirm the plan by applying the rules on cross-class cram down notwithstanding the dissent of one or more classes of equity holders. Member States that exclude equity holders from voting should not be required to apply the absolute priority rule in the relationship between creditors and equity holders. Another possible means of ensuring that equity holders do not unreasonably prevent the adoption of restructuring plans would be to ensure that restructuring measures that directly affect equity holders' rights, and that need to be approved by a general meeting of shareholders under company law, are not subject to unreasonably high majority requirements and that equity holders have no competence in terms of restructuring measures that do not directly affect their rights. (58) Several classes of equity holders can be needed where different classes of shareholdings with different rights exist. Equity holders of SMEs that are not mere investors, but are the owners of the enterprise and contribute to the enterprise in other ways, such as managerial expertise, might not have an incentive to restructure under such conditions. For this reason, the cross-class cram-down should remain optional for debtors that are SMEs. (59) The restructuring plan should, for the purposes of its implementation, make it possible for equity holders of SMEs to provide non-monetary restructuring assistance by drawing on, for example, their experience, reputation or business contacts. (60) Throughout the preventive restructuring procedures, workers should enjoy full labour law protection. In particular, this Directive should be without prejudice to workers' rights guaranteed by Council Directives 98/59/EC (12) and 2001/23/EC (13), and Directives 2002/14/EC (14), 2008/94/EC (15) and 2009/38/EC (16) of the European Parliament and of the Council. The obligations concerning information and consultation of employees under national law transposing those Directives remain fully intact. This includes obligations to inform and consult employees' representatives on the decision to have recourse to a preventive restructuring framework in accordance with Directive 2002/14/EC. (61) Employees and their representatives should be provided with information regarding the proposed restructuring plan in so far as provided for in Union law, in order to allow them to undertake an in-depth assessment of the various scenarios. Furthermore, employees and their representatives should be involved to the extent necessary to fulfil the consultation requirements laid down in Union law. Given the need to ensure an appropriate level of protection of workers, Member States should be required to exempt workers' outstanding claims from any stay of individual enforcement actions, irrespective of the question of whether those claims arise before or after the stay is granted. A stay of enforcement of workers' outstanding claims should be allowed only for the amounts and for the period for which the payment of such claims is effectively guaranteed at a similar level by other means under national law. Where national law provides for limitations on the liability of guarantee institutions, either in terms of the length of the guarantee or the amount paid to workers, workers should be able to enforce any shortfall in their claims against the employer even during the stay period. Alternatively, Member States should be able to exclude workers' claims from the scope of the preventive restructuring frameworks and provide for their protection under national law. (62) Where a restructuring plan entails the transfer of a part of an undertaking or business, workers' rights arising from a contract of employment or from an employment relationship, in particular the right to wages, should be safeguarded in accordance with Articles 3 and 4 of Directive 2001/23/EC, without prejudice to the specific rules applying in the event of insolvency proceedings under Article 5 of that Directive and in particular the possibilities provided for in Article 5(2) of that Directive. This Directive should be without prejudice to the rights to information and consultation, which are guaranteed by Directive 2002/14/EC, including on decisions likely to lead to substantial changes in work organisation or in contractual relations with a view to reaching an agreement on such decisions. Furthermore, under this Directive, workers whose claims are affected by a restructuring plan should have the right to vote on the plan. For the purposes of voting on the restructuring plan, Member States should be able to decide to place workers in a class separate from other classes of creditors. (63) Judicial or administrative authorities should only decide on the valuation of a business — either in liquidation or in the next-best-alternative scenario, if the restructuring plan was not confirmed — if a dissenting affected party challenges the restructuring plan. This should not prevent Member States from carrying out valuations in another context under national law. However, it should be possible that such a decision also consists of an approval of a valuation by an expert or of a valuation submitted by the debtor or another party at an earlier stage of the process. Where the decision to carry out a valuation is taken, Member States should be able to provide for special rules, separate from general civil procedural law, for a valuation in restructuring cases, with a view to ensuring that it is carried out in an expedited manner. Nothing in this Directive should affect the rules on burden of proof under national law in the case of a valuation. (64) The binding effects of a restructuring plan should be limited to the affected parties that were involved in the adoption of the plan. Member States should be able to determine what it means for a creditor to be involved, including in the case of unknown creditors or creditors of future claims. For example, Member States should be able to decide how to deal with creditors that have been notified correctly but that did not participate in the procedures. (65) Interested affected parties should be able to appeal a decision on the confirmation of a restructuring plan issued by an administrative authority. Member States should also be able to introduce the option of appealing a decision on the confirmation of a restructuring plan issued by a judicial authority. However, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the plan, to reduce uncertainty and to avoid unjustifiable delays, appeals should, as a rule, not have suspensive effects and therefore not preclude the implementation of a restructuring plan. Member States should be able to determine and limit the grounds for appeal. Where the decision on the confirmation of the plan is appealed, Member States should be able to allow the judicial authority to issue a preliminary or summary decision that protects the execution and implementation of the plan against the consequences of the pending appeal being upheld. Where an appeal is upheld, judicial or administrative authorities should be able to consider, as an alternative to setting aside the plan, an amendment of the plan, where Member States provide for such a possibility, as well as a confirmation of the plan without amendments. It should be possible for any amendments to the plan to be proposed or voted on by the parties, on their own initiative or at the request of the judicial authority. Member States could also provide for compensation for monetary losses for the party whose appeal was upheld. National law should be able to deal with a potential new stay or extension of the stay in event of the judicial authority deciding that the appeal has suspensive effect. (66) The success of a restructuring plan often depends on whether financial assistance is extended to the debtor to support, firstly, the operation of the business during restructuring negotiations and, secondly, the implementation of the restructuring plan after its confirmation. Financial assistance should be understood in a broad sense, including the provision of money or third-party guarantees and the supply of stock, inventory, raw materials and utilities, for example through granting the debtor a longer repayment period. Interim financing and new financing should therefore be exempt from avoidance actions which seek to declare such financing void, voidable or unenforceable as an act detrimental to the general body of creditors in the context of subsequent insolvency procedures. (67) National insolvency laws providing for avoidance actions of interim and new financing or providing that new lenders may incur civil, administrative or criminal sanctions for extending credit to debtors in financial difficulties could jeopardise the availability of financing necessary for the successful negotiation and implementation of a restructuring plan. This Directive should be without prejudice to other grounds for declaring new or interim financing void, voidable or unenforceable, or for triggering civil, criminal or administrative liability for providers of such financing, as laid down in national law. Such other grounds could include, among other things, fraud, bad faith, a certain type of relationship between the parties which could be associated with a conflict of interest, such as in the case of transactions between related parties or between shareholders and the company, and transactions where a party received value or collateral without being entitled to it at the time of the transaction or in the manner performed. (68) When interim financing is extended, the parties do not know whether the restructuring plan will be eventually confirmed or not. Therefore, Member States should not be required to limit the protection of interim finance to cases where the plan is adopted by creditors or confirmed by a judicial or administrative authority. To avoid potential abuses, only financing that is reasonably and immediately necessary for the continued operation or survival of the debtor's business or the preservation or enhancement of the value of that business pending the confirmation of that plan should be protected. Furthermore, this Directive should not prevent Member States from introducing an ex ante control mechanism for interim financing. Member States should be able to limit the protection for new financing to cases where the plan is confirmed by a judicial or administrative authority and for interim financing to cases where it is subject to ex ante control. An ex ante control mechanism for interim financing or other transactions could be exercised by a practitioner in the field of restructuring, by a creditor's committee or by a judicial or administrative authority. Protection from avoidance actions and protection from personal liability are minimum guarantees that should be granted to interim financing and new financing. However, encouraging new lenders to take the enhanced risk of investing in a viable debtor in financial difficulties could require further incentives such as, for example, giving such financing priority at least over unsecured claims in subsequent insolvency procedures. (69) In order to promote a culture that encourages early preventive restructuring, it is desirable that transactions which are reasonable and immediately necessary for the negotiation or implementation of a restructuring plan also be given protection from avoidance actions in subsequent insolvency procedures. Judicial or administrative authorities should be able, when determining the reasonableness and immediate necessity of costs and fees, for instance, to consider projections and estimates submitted to affected parties, a creditor's committee, a practitioner in the field of restructuring or the judicial or administrative authority itself. To this end, Member States should also be able to require debtors to provide and update relevant estimates. Such protection should enhance certainty in respect of transactions with businesses that are known to be in financial difficulties and remove the fear of creditors and investors that all such transactions could be declared void in the event that the restructuring fails. Member States should be able to provide for a point in time prior to the opening of a preventive restructuring procedure and to the granting of the stay of individual enforcement actions, from which fees and costs of negotiating, adopting, confirming or seeking professional advice for the restructuring plan start to benefit from protection against avoidance actions. In the case of other payments and disbursements and the protection of the payment of workers' wages, such a starting point could also be the granting of the stay or the opening of the preventive restructuring procedure. (70) To further promote preventive restructuring, it is important to ensure that directors are not dissuaded from exercising reasonable business judgment or taking reasonable commercial risks, particularly where to do so would improve the chances of a restructuring of potentially viable businesses. Where the company experiences financial difficulties, directors should take steps to minimise losses and to avoid insolvency, such as: seeking professional advice, including on restructuring and insolvency, for instance by making use of early warning tools where applicable; protecting the assets of the company so as to maximise value and avoid loss of key assets; considering the structure and functions of the business to examine viability and reduce expenditure; refraining from committing the company to the types of transaction that might be subject to avoidance unless there is an appropriate business justification; continuing to trade in circumstances where it is appropriate to do so in order to maximise going-concern value; holding negotiations with creditors and entering preventive restructuring procedures. (71) Where the debtor is close to insolvency, it is also important to protect the legitimate interests of creditors from management decisions that may have an impact on the constitution of the debtor's estate, in particular where those decisions could have the effect of further diminishing the value of the estate available for restructuring efforts or for distribution to creditors. It is therefore necessary to ensure that, in such circumstances, directors avoid any deliberate or grossly negligent actions that result in personal gain at the expense of stakeholders, and avoid agreeing to transactions at below market value, or taking actions leading to unfair preference being given to one or more stakeholders. Member States should be able to implement the corresponding provisions of this Directive by ensuring that judicial or administrative authorities, when assessing whether a director is to be held liable for breaches of duty of care, take the rules on duties of directors laid down in this Directive into account. This Directive is not intended to establish any hierarchy among the different parties whose interests need to be given due regard. However, Member States should be able to decide on establishing such a hierarchy. This Directive should be without prejudice to Member States' national rules on the decision-making processes in a company. (72) Entrepreneurs exercising a trade, business, craft or independent, self-employed profession can run the risk of becoming insolvent. The differences between the Member States in terms of opportunities for a fresh start could incentivise over-indebted or insolvent entrepreneurs to relocate to a Member State other than the Member State where they are established, in order to benefit from shorter discharge periods or more attractive conditions for discharge, leading to additional legal uncertainty and costs for the creditors when recovering their claims. Furthermore, the effects of insolvency, in particular the social stigma, the legal consequences, such as disqualifying entrepreneurs from taking up and pursuing entrepreneurial activity, and the continual inability to pay off debts, constitute important disincentives for entrepreneurs seeking to set up a business or have a second chance, even if evidence shows that entrepreneurs who have become insolvent have more chances of being successful the next time. (73) Steps should therefore be taken to reduce the negative effects of over-indebtedness or insolvency on entrepreneurs, in particular by allowing for a full discharge of debt after a certain period of time and by limiting the length of disqualification orders issued in connection with a debtor's over-indebtedness or insolvency. The concept of ‘insolvency’ should be defined by national law and it could take the form of over-indebtedness. The concept of ‘entrepreneur’ within the meaning of this Directive should have no bearing on the position of managers or directors of a company, which should be treated in accordance with national law. Member States should be able to decide how to obtain access to discharge, including the possibility of requiring the debtor to request discharge. (74) Member States should be able to provide for the possibility to adjust the repayment obligations of insolvent entrepreneurs when there is a significant change in their financial situation, regardless of whether it improves or deteriorates. This Directive should not require that a repayment plan be supported by a majority of creditors. Member States should be able to provide that entrepreneurs are not prevented from starting a new activity in the same or different field during the implementation of the repayment plan. (75) A discharge of debt should be available in procedures that include a repayment plan, a realisation of assets, or a combination of both. In implementing those rules, Member States should be able to choose freely among those options. If more than one procedure leading to discharge of debt is available under national law, Member States should ensure that at least one of those procedures gives insolvent entrepreneurs the opportunity of having a full discharge of debt within a period that does not exceed three years. In the case of procedures which combine a realisation of assets and a repayment plan, the discharge period should start, at the latest, from the date the repayment plan is confirmed by a court or starts being implemented, for example from the first instalment under the plan, but it could also start earlier, such as when a decision to open the procedure is taken. (76) In procedures that do not include a repayment plan, the discharge period should start, at the latest, from the date when a decision to open the procedure is taken by a judicial or administrative authority, or the date of the establishment of the insolvency estate. For the purposes of calculating the duration of the discharge period under this Directive, Member States should be able to provide that the concept of ‘opening of procedure’ does not include preliminary measures, such as preservation measures or the appointment of a preliminary insolvency practitioner, unless such measures allow for the realisation of assets, including the disposal and the distribution of assets to creditors. The establishment of the insolvency estate should not necessarily entail a formal decision or confirmation by a judicial or administrative authority, where such decision is not required under national law, and could consist in the submission of the inventory of assets and liabilities. (77) Where the procedural path leading to a discharge of debt entails the realisation of an entrepreneur's assets, Member States should not be prevented from providing that the request for discharge is treated separately from the realisation of assets, provided that such request constitutes an integral part of the procedural path leading to the discharge under this Directive. Member States should be able to decide on the rules on the burden of proof in order for the discharge to operate, which means that it should be possible for entrepreneurs to be required by law to prove compliance with their obligations. (78) A full discharge of debt or the ending of disqualifications after a period no longer than three years is not appropriate in all circumstances, therefore derogations from this rule which are duly justified by reasons laid down in national law might need to be introduced. For instance, such derogations should be introduced in cases where the debtor is dishonest or has acted in bad faith. Where entrepreneurs do not benefit from a presumption of honesty and good faith under national law, the burden of proof concerning their honesty and good faith should not make it unnecessarily difficult or onerous for them to enter the procedure. (79) In establishing whether an entrepreneur was dishonest, judicial or administrative authorities might take into account circumstances such as: the nature and extent of the debt; the time when the debt was incurred; the efforts of the entrepreneur to pay the debt and comply with legal obligations, including public licensing requirements and the need for proper bookkeeping; actions on the entrepreneur's part to frustrate recourse by creditors; the fulfilment of duties in the likelihood of insolvency, which are incumbent on entrepreneurs who are directors of a company; and compliance with Union and national competition and labour law. It should also be possible to introduce derogations where the entrepreneur has not complied with certain legal obligations, including obligations to maximise returns to creditors, which could take the form of a general obligation to generate income or assets. It should furthermore be possible to introduce specific derogations where it is necessary to guarantee the balance between the rights of the debtor and the rights of one or more creditors, such as where the creditor is a natural person who needs more protection than the debtor. (80) A derogation could also be justified where the costs of the procedure leading to a discharge of debt, including the fees of judicial and administrative authorities and of practitioners, are not covered. Member States should be able to provide that the benefits of that discharge can be revoked where, for example, the financial situation of the debtor improves significantly due to unexpected circumstances, such as winning a lottery, or coming in the possession of an inheritance or a donation. Member States should not be prevented from providing additional derogations in well-defined circumstances and when duly justified. (81) Where there is a duly justified reason under national law, it could be appropriate to limit the possibility of discharge for certain categories of debt. It should be possible for Member States to exclude secured debts from eligibility for discharge only up to the value of the collateral as determined by national law, while the rest of the debt should be treated as unsecured debt. Member States should be able to exclude further categories of debt when duly justified. (82) Member States should be able to provide that judicial or administrative authorities can verify, either ex officio or at the request of a person with a legitimate interest, whether entrepreneurs have fulfilled the conditions for obtaining a full discharge of debt. (83) If an entrepreneur's permit or licence to carry on a certain craft, business, trade or profession has been denied or revoked as a result of a disqualification order, this Directive should not prevent Member States from requiring the entrepreneur to submit an application for a new permit or licence after the disqualification has expired. Where a Member State authority adopts a decision concerning a specifically supervised activity, it should be possible to also take into account, even after the expiry of the disqualification period, the fact that the insolvent entrepreneur has obtained a discharge of debt in accordance with this Directive. (84) Personal and professional debts that cannot be reasonably separated, for example where an asset is used in the course of the professional activity of the entrepreneur as well as outside that activity, should be treated in a single procedure. Where Member States provide that such debts are subject to different insolvency procedures, coordination of those procedures is needed. This Directive should be without prejudice to Member States being able to choose to treat all the debts of an entrepreneur in a single procedure. Member States in which entrepreneurs are allowed to continue their business on their own account during insolvency proceedings should not be prevented from providing that such entrepreneurs can be made subject to new insolvency proceedings, where such continued business becomes insolvent. (85) It is necessary to maintain and enhance the transparency and predictability of the procedures in delivering outcomes that are favourable to the preservation of businesses and to allowing entrepreneurs to have a second chance or that permit the efficient liquidation of non-viable enterprises. It is also necessary to reduce the excessive length of insolvency procedures in many Member States, which results in legal uncertainty for creditors and investors and low recovery rates. Finally, given the enhanced cooperation mechanisms between courts and practitioners in cross-border cases, set up under Regulation (EU) 2015/848, the professionalism of all actors involved needs to be brought to comparable high levels across the Union. To achieve those objectives, Member States should ensure that members of the judicial and administrative authorities dealing with procedures concerning preventive restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt are suitably trained and have the necessary expertise for their responsibilities. Such training and expertise could be acquired also during the exercise of the duties as a member of a judicial or administrative authority or, prior to appointment to such duties, during the exercise of other relevant duties. (86) Such training and expertise should enable decisions with a potentially significant economic and social impact to be taken in an efficient manner, and should not be understood to mean that members of a judicial authority have to deal exclusively with matters concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt. Member States should ensure that procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt can be carried out in an efficient and expeditious manner. The creation of specialised courts or chambers, or the appointment of specialised judges in accordance with national law, as well as concentrating jurisdiction in a limited number of judicial or administrative authorities would be efficient ways of achieving the objectives of legal certainty and effectiveness of procedures. Member States should not be obliged to require that procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt be prioritised over other procedures. (87) Member States should also ensure that practitioners in the field of restructuring, insolvency, and discharge of debt that are appointed by judicial or administrative authorities (‘practitioners’) are: suitably trained; appointed in a transparent manner with due regard to the need to ensure efficient procedures; supervised when carrying out their tasks; and perform their tasks with integrity. It is important that practitioners adhere to standards for such tasks, such as obtaining insurance for professional liability. Suitable training, qualifications and expertise for practitioners could also be acquired while practising their profession. Member States should not be obliged to provide the necessary training themselves, but this could be provided by, for example, professional associations or other bodies. Insolvency practitioners as defined in Regulation (EU) 2015/848 should be included in the scope of this Directive. (88) This Directive should not prevent Member States from providing that practitioners are chosen by a debtor, by creditors or by a creditors' committee from a list or a pool that is pre-approved by a judicial or administrative authority. In choosing a practitioner, the debtor, the creditors or the creditors' committee could be granted a margin of appreciation as to the practitioner's expertise and experience in general and the demands of the particular case. Debtors who are natural persons could be exempted from such a duty altogether. In cases with cross-border elements, the appointment of the practitioner should take into account, among other things, the practitioner's ability to comply with the obligations, under Regulation (EU) 2015/848, to communicate and cooperate with insolvency practitioners and judicial and administrative authorities from other Member States, as well as their human and administrative resources to deal with potentially complex cases. Member States should not be prevented from providing for a practitioner to be selected by other methods, such as random selection by a software programme, provided that it is ensured that in using those methods due consideration is given to the practitioner's experience and expertise. Member States should be able to decide on the means for objecting to the selection or appointment of a practitioner or for requesting the replacement of the practitioner, for example through a creditors' committee. (89) Practitioners should be subject to oversight and regulatory mechanisms which should include effective measures regarding the accountability of practitioners who have failed in their duties, such as: a reduction in a practitioner's fee; the exclusion from the list or pool of practitioners who can be appointed in insolvency cases; and, where appropriate, disciplinary, administrative or criminal sanctions. Such oversight and regulatory mechanisms should be without prejudice to provisions under national law on civil liability for damages for breach of contractual or non-contractual obligations. Member States should not be required to set up specific authorities or bodies. Member States should ensure that information about the authorities or bodies exercising oversight over practitioners is publicly available. For instance, a mere reference to the judicial or administrative authority should be sufficient as information. It should be possible, in principle, to attain such standards without the need to create new professions or qualifications under national law. Member States should be able to extend the provisions on the training and supervision of practitioners to other practitioners not covered by this Directive. Member States should not be obliged to provide that disputes over remuneration of practitioners are to be prioritised over other procedures. (90) To further reduce the length of procedures, to facilitate better participation of creditors in procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt and to ensure similar conditions among creditors irrespective of where they are located in the Union, Member States should put in place provisions enabling debtors, creditors, practitioners and judicial and administrative authorities to use electronic means of communication. Therefore, it should be possible that procedural steps such as the filing of claims by creditors, the notification of creditors, or the lodging of challenges and appeals, can be carried out by electronic means of communication. Member States should be able to provide that notifications of a creditor can only be performed electronically if the creditor concerned has previously consented to electronic communication. (91) Parties to procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt should not be obliged to use electronic means of communication if such use is not mandatory under national law, without prejudice to Member States being able to establish a mandatory system of electronic filing and service of documents in procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt. Member States should be able to choose the means of electronic communications. Examples of such means could include a purpose-built system for the electronic transmission of such documents or the use of email, without preventing Member States from being able to put in place features to ensure the security of electronic transmissions, such as electronic signature, or trust services, such as electronic registered delivery services, in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council (17). (92) It is important to gather reliable and comparable data on the performance of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt in order to monitor the implementation and application of this Directive. Therefore, Member States should collect and aggregate data that are sufficiently granular to enable an accurate assessment of how the Directive is working in practice and should communicate those data to the Commission. The communication form for the transmission of such data to the Commission should be established by the Commission assisted by a Committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council (18). The form should provide a shortlist of the main outcomes of procedures that are common to all Member States. For example, in the case of a restructuring procedure, those main outcomes could be the following: the plan being confirmed by a court; the plan not being confirmed by a court; the restructuring procedures being converted to liquidation procedures or closed because of the opening of liquidation procedures before the plan was confirmed by a court. Member States should not be required to provide a break-down by types of outcome in respect of the procedures which end before any relevant measures are taken, but could instead provide a common number for all procedures which are declared inadmissible, rejected or withdrawn before being opened. (93) The communication form should provide a list of options which could be taken into account by the Member States when determining the size of a debtor, by reference to one or more of the elements of the definition of SMEs and large enterprises common to all Member States. The list should include the option of determining the size of a debtor based on the number of workers only. The form should: define the elements of average cost and average recovery rates for which Member States should be able to collect data voluntarily; provide guidance on elements which could be taken into account when Member States make use of a sampling technique, for example on sample sizes to ensure representativeness in terms of geographical distribution, size of debtors and industry; and include the opportunity for Member States to provide any additional information available, for example on the total amount of assets and liabilities of debtors. (94) The stability of financial markets relies heavily on financial collateral arrangements, in particular, when collateral security is provided in connection with the participation in designated systems or in central bank operations and when margins are provided to central counterparties. As the value of financial instruments given as collateral security may be very volatile, it is crucial to realise their value quickly before it goes down. Therefore, the provisions of Directives 98/26/EC (19) and 2002/47/EC (20) of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 should apply notwithstanding the provisions of this Directive. Member States should be allowed to exempt netting arrangements, including close-out netting, from the effects of the stay of individual enforcement actions even in circumstances where they are not covered by Directives 98/26/EC, 2002/47/EC and Regulation (EU) No 648/2012, if such arrangements are enforceable under the laws of the relevant Member State even if insolvency proceedings are opened. This could be the case for a significant number of master agreements widely used in the financial, energy and commodity markets, both by non-financial and financial counterparties. Such arrangements reduce systemic risks especially in derivatives markets. Such arrangements might therefore be exempt from restrictions that insolvency laws impose on executory contracts. Accordingly, Member States should also be allowed to exempt from the effects of the stay of individual enforcement actions statutory netting arrangements, including close-out netting arrangements, which operate upon the opening of insolvency procedures. The amount resulting from the operation of netting arrangements, including close-out netting arrangements should, however, be subject to the stay of individual enforcement actions. (95) Member States that are parties to the Convention on international interests in mobile equipment, signed at Cape Town on 16 November 2001, and its Protocols should be able to continue to comply with their existing international obligations. The provisions of this Directive regarding preventive restructuring frameworks should apply with the derogations necessary to ensure an application of those provisions without prejudice to the application of that Convention and its Protocols. (96) The effectiveness of the process of adoption and implementation of the restructuring plan should not be jeopardised by company law. Therefore, Member States should be able to derogate from the requirements laid down in Directive (EU) 2017/1132 of the European Parliament and of the Council (21) concerning the obligations to convene a general meeting and to offer on a pre-emptive basis shares to existing shareholders, to the extent and for the period necessary to ensure that shareholders do not frustrate restructuring efforts by abusing their rights under that Directive. For example, Member States might need to derogate from the obligation to convene a general meeting of shareholders or from the normal time periods, for cases where urgent action is to be taken by the management to safeguard the assets of the company, for instance through requesting a stay of individual enforcement actions and when there is a serious and sudden loss of subscribed capital and a likelihood of insolvency. Derogations from company law might also be required when the restructuring plan provides for the emission of new shares which could be offered with priority to creditors as debt-to-equity swaps, or for the reduction of the amount of subscribed capital in the event of a transfer of parts of the undertaking. Such derogations should be limited in time to the extent that Member States consider such derogations necessary for the establishment of a preventive restructuring framework. Member States should not be obliged to derogate from company law, wholly or partially, for an indefinite or for a limited period of time, if they ensure that their company law requirements do not jeopardise the effectiveness of the restructuring process or if Member States have other, equally effective tools in place to ensure that shareholders do not unreasonably prevent the adoption or implementation of a restructuring plan which would restore the viability of the business. In this context, Member States should attach particular importance to the effectiveness of provisions relating to a stay of individual enforcement actions and confirmation of the restructuring plan which should not be unduly impaired by calls for, or the results of, general meetings of shareholders. Directive (EU) 2017/1132 should therefore be amended accordingly. Member States should enjoy a margin of appreciation in assessing which derogations are needed in the context of national company law in order to effectively implement this Directive, and should also be able to provide for similar exemptions from Directive (EU) 2017/1132 in the case of insolvency proceedings not covered by this Directive but which allow for restructuring measures to be taken. (97) In respect of the establishment of, and subsequent changes to, the data communication form, implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission. Those powers should be exercised in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 182/2011. (98) A study should be carried out by the Commission in order to evaluate the necessity of submitting legislative proposals to deal with the insolvency of persons not exercising a trade, business, craft or profession, who, as consumers, in good faith, are temporarily or permanently unable to pay debts as they fall due. Such study should investigate whether access to basic goods and services needs to be safeguarded for those persons to ensure that they benefit from decent living conditions. (99) In accordance with the Joint Political Declaration of 28 September 2011 of Member States and the Commission on explanatory documents (22), Member States have undertaken to accompany, in justified cases, the notification of their transposition measures with one or more documents explaining the relationship between the components of a directive and the corresponding parts of national transposition instruments. With regard to this Directive, the legislator considers the transmission of such documents to be justified. (100) Since the objectives of this Directive cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States because differences between national restructuring and insolvency frameworks would continue to raise obstacles to the free movement of capital and the freedom of establishment, but can rather be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives. (101) On 7 June 2017, the European Central Bank delivered an opinion (23), HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: TITLE I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1 Subject matter and scope 1. This Directive lays down rules on: (a) preventive restructuring frameworks available for debtors in financial difficulties when there is a likelihood of insolvency, with a view to preventing the insolvency and ensuring the viability of the debtor; (b) procedures leading to a discharge of debt incurred by insolvent entrepreneurs; and (c) measures to increase the efficiency of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt. 2. This Directive does not apply to procedures referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article that concern debtors that are: (a) insurance undertakings or reinsurance undertakings as defined in points (1) and (4) of Article 13 of Directive 2009/138/EC; (b) credit institutions as defined in point (1) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013; (c) investment firms or collective investment undertakings as defined in points (2) and (7) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013; (d) central counter parties as defined in point (1) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012; (e) central securities depositories as defined in point (1) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014; (f) other financial institutions and entities listed in the first subparagraph of Article 1(1) of Directive 2014/59/EU; (g) public bodies under national law; and (h) natural persons who are not entrepreneurs. 3. Member States may exclude from the scope of this Directive procedures referred to in paragraph 1 that concern debtors which are financial entities, other than those referred to in paragraph 2, providing financial services which are subject to special arrangements under which the national supervisory or resolution authorities have wide-ranging powers of intervention comparable to those laid down in Union and national law in relation to the financial entities referred to in paragraph 2. Member States shall communicate those special arrangements to the Commission. 4. Member States may extend the application of the procedures referred to in point (b) of paragraph 1 to insolvent natural persons who are not entrepreneurs. Member States may restrict the application of point (a) of paragraph 1 to legal persons. 5. Member States may provide that the following claims are excluded from, or are not affected by, preventive restructuring frameworks referred to in point (a) of paragraph 1: (a) existing and future claims of existing or former workers; (b) maintenance claims arising from a family relationship, parentage, marriage or affinity; or (c) claims that arise from tortious liability of the debtor. 6. Member States shall ensure that preventive restructuring frameworks have no impact on accrued occupational pension entitlements. Article 2 Definitions 1. For the purposes of this Directive, the following definitions apply: (1) ‘restructuring’ means measures aimed at restructuring the debtor's business that include changing the composition, conditions or structure of a debtor's assets and liabilities or any other part of the debtor's capital structure, such as sales of assets or parts of the business and, where so provided under national law, the sale of the business as a going concern, as well as any necessary operational changes, or a combination of those elements; (2) ‘affected parties’ means creditors, including, where applicable under national law, workers, or classes of creditors and, where applicable, under national law, equity holders, whose claims or interests, respectively, are directly affected by a restructuring plan; (3) ‘equity holder’ means a person that has an ownership interest in a debtor or a debtor's business, including a shareholder, in so far as that person is not a creditor; (4) ‘stay of individual enforcement actions’ means a temporary suspension, granted by a judicial or administrative authority or applied by operation of law, of the right of a creditor to enforce a claim against a debtor and, where so provided for by national law, against a third-party security provider, in the context of a judicial, administrative or other procedure, or of the right to seize or realise out of court the assets or business of the debtor; (5) ‘executory contract’ means a contract between a debtor and one or more creditors under which the parties still have obligations to perform at the time the stay of individual enforcement actions is granted or applied; (6) ‘best-interest-of-creditors test’ means a test that is satisfied if no dissenting creditor would be worse off under a restructuring plan than such a creditor would be if the normal ranking of liquidation priorities under national law were applied, either in the event of liquidation, whether piecemeal or by sale as a going concern, or in the event of the next-best-alternative scenario if the restructuring plan were not confirmed; (7) ‘new financing’ means any new financial assistance provided by an existing or a new creditor in order to implement a restructuring plan and that is included in that restructuring plan; (8) ‘interim financing’ means any new financial assistance, provided by an existing or a new creditor, that includes, as a minimum, financial assistance during the stay of individual enforcement actions, and that is reasonable and immediately necessary for the debtor's business to continue operating, or to preserve or enhance the value of that business; (9) ‘entrepreneur’ means a natural person exercising a trade, business, craft or profession; (10) ‘full discharge of debt’ means that enforcement against entrepreneurs of their outstanding dischargeable debts is precluded or that outstanding dischargeable debts as such are cancelled, as part of a procedure which could include a realisation of assets or a repayment plan or both; (11) ‘repayment plan’ means a programme of payments of specified amounts on specified dates by an insolvent entrepreneur to creditors, or a periodic transfer to creditors of a certain part of entrepreneur's disposable income during the discharge period; (12) ‘practitioner in the field of restructuring’ means any person or body appointed by a judicial or administrative authority to carry out, in particular, one or more of the following tasks: (a) assisting the debtor or the creditors in drafting or negotiating a restructuring plan; (b) supervising the activity of the debtor during the negotiations on a restructuring plan, and reporting to a judicial or administrative authority; (c) taking partial control over the assets or affairs of the debtor during negotiations. 2. For the purposes of this Directive, the following concepts are to be understood as defined by national law: (a) insolvency; (b) likelihood of insolvency; (c) micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (‘SMEs’). Article 3 Early warning and access to information 1. Member States shall ensure that debtors have access to one or more clear and transparent early warning tools which can detect circumstances that could give rise to a likelihood of insolvency and can signal to them the need to act without delay. For the purposes of the first subparagraph, Member States may make use of up-to-date IT technologies for notifications and for communication. 2. Early warning tools may include the following: (a) alert mechanisms when the debtor has not made certain types of payments; (b) advisory services provided by public or private organisations. (c) incentives under national law for third parties with relevant information about the debtor, such as accountants, tax and social security authorities, to flag to the debtor a negative development. 3. Member States shall ensure that debtors and employees' representatives have access to relevant and up-to-date information about the availability of early warning tools as well as of the procedures and measures concerning restructuring and discharge of debt. 4. Member States shall ensure that information on access to early warning tools is publicly available online and that, in particular for SMEs, it is easily accessible and presented in a user-friendly manner. 5. Member States may provide support to employees' representatives for the assessment of the economic situation of the debtor. TITLE II PREVENTIVE RESTRUCTURING FRAMEWORKS CHAPTER 1 Availability of preventive restructuring frameworks Article 4 Availability of preventive restructuring frameworks 1. Member States shall ensure that, where there is a likelihood of insolvency, debtors have access to a preventive restructuring framework that enables them to restructure, with a view to preventing insolvency and ensuring their viability, without prejudice to other solutions for avoiding insolvency, thereby protecting jobs and maintaining business activity. 2. Member States may provide that debtors that have been sentenced for serious breaches of accounting or bookkeeping obligations under national law are allowed to access a preventive restructuring framework only after those debtors have taken adequate measures to remedy the issues that gave rise to the sentence, with a view to providing creditors with the necessary information to enable them to take a decision during restructuring negotiations. 3. Member States may maintain or introduce a viability test under national law, provided that such a test has the purpose of excluding debtors that do not have a prospect of viability, and that it can be carried out without detriment to the debtors' assets. 4. Member States may limit the number of times within a certain period a debtor can access a preventive restructuring framework as provided for under this Directive. 5. The preventive restructuring framework provided for under this Directive may consist of one or more procedures, measures or provisions, some of which may take place out of court, without prejudice to any other restructuring frameworks under national law. Member States shall ensure that such restructuring framework affords debtors and affected parties the rights and safeguards provided for in this Title in a coherent manner. 6. Member States may put in place provisions limiting the involvement of a judicial or administrative authority in a preventive restructuring framework to where it is necessary and proportionate while ensuring that rights of any affected parties and relevant stakeholders are safeguarded. 7. Preventive restructuring frameworks provided for under this Directive shall be available on application by debtors. 8. Member States may also provide that preventive restructuring frameworks provided for under this Directive are available at the request of creditors and employees' representatives, subject to the agreement of the debtor. Member States may limit that requirement to obtain the debtor's agreement to cases where debtors are SMEs. CHAPTER 2 Facilitating negotiations on preventive restructuring plans Article 5 Debtor in possession 1. Member States shall ensure that debtors accessing preventive restructuring procedures remain totally, or at least partially, in control of their assets and the day-to-day operation of their business. 2. Where necessary, the appointment by a judicial or administrative authority of a practitioner in the field of restructuring shall be decided on a case-by-case basis, except in certain circumstances where Member States may require the mandatory appointment of such a practitioner in every case. 3. Member States shall provide for the appointment of a practitioner in the field of restructuring, to assist the debtor and creditors in negotiating and drafting the plan, at least in the following cases: (a) where a general stay of individual enforcement actions, in accordance with Article 6(3), is granted by a judicial or administrative authority, and the judicial or administrative authority decides that such a practitioner is necessary to safeguard the interest of the parties; (b) where the restructuring plan needs to be confirmed by a judicial or administrative authority by means of a cross-class cram-down, in accordance with Article 11; or (c) where it is requested by the debtor or by a majority of the creditors, provided that, in the latter case, the cost of the practitioner is borne by the creditors. Article 6 Stay of individual enforcement actions 1. Member States shall ensure that debtors can benefit from a stay of individual enforcement actions to support the negotiations of a restructuring plan in a preventive restructuring framework. Member States may provide that judicial or administrative authorities can refuse to grant a stay of individual enforcement actions where such a stay is not necessary or where it would not achieve the objective set out in the first subparagraph. 2. Without prejudice to paragraphs 4 and 5, Member States shall ensure that a stay of individual enforcement actions can cover all types of claims, including secured claims and preferential claims. 3. Member States may provide that a stay of individual enforcement actions can be general, covering all creditors, or can be limited, covering one or more individual creditors or categories of creditors. Where a stay is limited, the stay shall only apply to creditors that have been informed, in accordance with national law, of negotiations as referred to in paragraph 1 on the restructuring plan or of the stay. 4. Member States may exclude certain claims or categories of claims from the scope of the stay of individual enforcement actions, in well-defined circumstances, where such an exclusion is duly justified and where: (a) enforcement is not likely to jeopardise the restructuring of the business; or (b) the stay would unfairly prejudice the creditors of those claims. 5. Paragraph 2 shall not apply to workers' claims. By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, Member States may apply paragraph 2 to workers' claims if, and to the extent that, Member States ensure that the payment of such claims is guaranteed in preventive restructuring frameworks at a similar level of protection. 6. The initial duration of a stay of individual enforcement actions shall be limited to a maximum period of no more than four months. 7. Notwithstanding paragraph 6, Member States may enable judicial or administrative authorities to extend the duration of a stay of individual enforcement actions or to grant a new stay of individual enforcement actions, at the request of the debtor, a creditor or, where applicable, a practitioner in the field of restructuring. Such extension or new stay of individual enforcement actions shall be granted only if well-defined circumstances show that such extension or new stay is duly justified, such as: (a) relevant progress has been made in the negotiations on the restructuring plan; (b) the continuation of the stay of individual enforcement actions does not unfairly prejudice the rights or interests of any affected parties; or (c) insolvency proceedings which could end in the liquidation of the debtor under national law have not yet been opened in respect of the debtor. 8. The total duration of the stay of individual enforcement actions, including extensions and renewals, shall not exceed 12 months. Where Member States choose to implement this Directive by means of one or more procedures or measures which do not fulfil the conditions for notification under Annex A to Regulation (EU) 2015/848, the total duration of the stay under such procedures shall be limited to no more than four months if the centre of main interests of the debtor has been transferred from another Member State within a three-month period prior to the filing of a request for the opening of preventive restructuring proceedings. 9. Member States shall ensure that judicial or administrative authorities can lift a stay of individual enforcement actions in the following cases: (a) the stay no longer fulfils the objective of supporting the negotiations on the restructuring plan, for example if it becomes apparent that a proportion of creditors which, under national law, could prevent the adoption of the restructuring plan do not support the continuation of the negotiations; (b) at the request of the debtor or the practitioner in the field of restructuring; (c) where so provided for in national law, if one or more creditors or one or more classes of creditors are, or would be, unfairly prejudiced by a stay of individual enforcement actions; or (d) where so provided for in national law, if the stay gives rise to the insolvency of a creditor. Member States may limit the power, under the first subparagraph, to lift the stay of individual enforcement actions to situations where creditors had not had the opportunity to be heard before the stay came into force or before an extension of the period was granted by a judicial or administrative authority. Member States may provide for a minimum period, which does not exceed the period referred to in paragraph 6, during which a stay of individual enforcement actions cannot be lifted. Article 7 Consequences of the stay of individual enforcement actions 1. Where an obligation on a debtor, provided for under national law, to file for the opening of insolvency proceedings which could end in the liquidation of the debtor, arises during a stay of individual enforcement actions, that obligation shall be suspended for the duration of that stay. 2. A stay of individual enforcement actions in accordance with Article 6 shall suspend, for the duration of the stay, the opening, at the request of one or more creditors, of insolvency proceedings which could end in the liquidation of the debtor. 3. Member States may derogate from paragraphs 1 and 2 in situations where a debtor is unable to pay its debts as they fall due. In such cases, Member States shall ensure that a judicial or administrative authority can decide to keep in place the benefit of the stay of individual enforcement actions, if, taking into account the circumstances of the case, the opening of insolvency proceedings which could end in the liquidation of the debtor would not be in the general interest of creditors. 4. Member States shall provide for rules preventing creditors to which the stay applies from withholding performance or terminating, accelerating or, in any other way, modifying essential executory contracts to the detriment of the debtor, for debts that came into existence prior to the stay, solely by virtue of the fact that they were not paid by the debtor. ‘Essential executory contracts’ shall be understood to mean executory contracts which are necessary for the continuation of the day-to-day operations of the business, including contracts concerning supplies, the suspension of which would lead to the debtor's activities coming to a standstill. The first subparagraph shall not preclude Member States from affording such creditors appropriate safeguards with a view to preventing unfair prejudice being caused to such creditors as a result of that subparagraph. Member States may provide that this paragraph also applies to non-essential executory contracts. 5. Member States shall ensure that creditors are not allowed to withhold performance or terminate, accelerate or, in any other way, modify executory contracts to the detriment of the debtor by virtue of a contractual clause providing for such measures, solely by reason of: (a) a request for the opening of preventive restructuring proceedings; (b) a request for a stay of individual enforcement actions; (c) the opening of preventive restructuring proceedings; or (d) the granting of a stay of individual enforcement actions as such. 6. Member States may provide that a stay of individual enforcement actions does not apply to netting arrangements, including close-out netting arrangements, on financial markets, energy markets and commodity markets, even in circumstances where Article 31(1) does not apply, if such arrangements are enforceable under national insolvency law. The stay shall, however, apply to the enforcement by a creditor of a claim against a debtor arising as a result of the operation of a netting arrangement. The first subparagraph shall not apply to contracts for the supply of goods, services or energy necessary for the operation of the debtor's business, unless such contracts take the form of a position traded on an exchange or other market, such that it can be substituted at any time at current market value. 7. Member States shall ensure that the expiry of a stay of individual enforcement actions without the adoption of a restructuring plan does not, of itself, give rise to the opening of an insolvency procedure which could end in the liquidation of the debtor, unless the other conditions for such opening laid down by national law are fulfilled. CHAPTER 3 Restructuring plans Article 8 Content of restructuring plans 1. Member States shall require that restructuring plans submitted for adoption in accordance with Article 9, or for confirmation by a judicial or administrative authority in accordance with Article 10, contain at least the following information: (a) the identity of the debtor; (b) the debtor's assets and liabilities at the time of submission of the restructuring plan, including a value for the assets, a description of the economic situation of the debtor and the position of workers, and a description of the causes and the extent of the difficulties of the debtor; (c) the affected parties, whether named individually or described by categories of debt in accordance with national law, as well as their claims or interests covered by the restructuring plan; (d) where applicable, the classes into which the affected parties have been grouped, for the purpose of adopting the restructuring plan, and the respective values of claims and interests in each class; (e) where applicable, the parties, whether named individually or described by categories of debt in accordance with national law, which are not affected by the restructuring plan, together with a description of the reasons why it is proposed not to affect them; (f) where applicable, the identity of the practitioner in the field of restructuring; (g) the terms of the restructuring plan, including, in particular: (i) any proposed restructuring measures as referred to in point (1) of Article 2(1); (ii) where applicable, the proposed duration of any proposed restructuring measures; (iii) the arrangements with regard to informing and consulting the employees' representatives in accordance with Union and national law; (iv) where applicable, overall consequences as regards employment such as dismissals, short-time working arrangements or similar; (v) the estimated financial flows of the debtor, if provided for by national law; and (vi) any new financing anticipated as part of the restructuring plan, and the reasons why the new financing is necessary to implement that plan; (h) a statement of reasons which explains why the restructuring plan has a reasonable prospect of preventing the insolvency of the debtor and ensuring the viability of the business, including the necessary pre-conditions for the success of the plan. Member States may require that that statement of reasons be made or validated either by an external expert or by the practitioner in the field of restructuring if such a practitioner is appointed. 2. Member States shall make available online a comprehensive check-list for restructuring plans, adapted to the needs of SMEs. The check-list shall include practical guidelines on how the restructuring plan has to be drafted under national law. The check-list shall be made available in the official language or languages of the Member State. Member States shall consider making the check-list available in at least one other language, in particular in a language used in international business. Article 9 Adoption of restructuring plans 1. Member States shall ensure that, irrespective of who applies for a preventive restructuring procedure in accordance with Article 4, debtors have the right to submit restructuring plans for adoption by the affected parties. Member States may also provide that creditors and practitioners in the field of restructuring have the right to submit restructuring plans, and provide for conditions under which they may do so. 2. Member States shall ensure that affected parties have a right to vote on the adoption of a restructuring plan. Parties that are not affected by a restructuring plan shall not have voting rights in the adoption of that plan. 3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2, Member States may exclude from the right to vote the following: (a) equity holders; (b) creditors whose claims rank below the claims of ordinary unsecured creditors in the normal ranking of liquidation priorities; or (c) any related party of the debtor or the debtor's business, with a conflict of interest under national law. 4. Member States shall ensure that affected parties are treated in separate classes which reflect sufficient commonality of interest based on verifiable criteria, in accordance with national law. As a minimum, creditors of secured and unsecured claims shall be treated in separate classes for the purposes of adopting a restructuring plan. Member States may also provide that workers' claims are treated in a separate class of their own. Member States may provide that debtors that are SMEs can opt not to treat affected parties in separate classes. Member States shall put in place appropriate measures to ensure that class formation is done with a particular view to protecting vulnerable creditors such as small suppliers. 5. Voting rights and the formation of classes shall be examined by a judicial or administrative authority when a request for confirmation of the restructuring plan is submitted. Member States may require a judicial or administrative authority to examine and confirm the voting rights and formation of classes at an earlier stage than that referred to in the first subparagraph. 6. A restructuring plan shall be adopted by affected parties, provided that a majority in the amount of their claims or interests is obtained in each class. Member States may, in addition, require that a majority in the number of affected parties is obtained in each class. Member States shall lay down the majorities required for the adoption of a restructuring plan. Those majorities shall not be higher than 75 % of the amount of claims or interests in each class or, where applicable, of the number of affected parties in each class. 7. Notwithstanding paragraphs 2 to 6, Member States may provide that a formal vote on the adoption of a restructuring plan can be replaced by an agreement with the requisite majority. Article 10 Confirmation of restructuring plans 1. Member States shall ensure that at least the following restructuring plans are binding on the parties only if they are confirmed by a judicial or administrative authority: (a) restructuring plans which affect the claims or interests of dissenting affected parties; (b) restructuring plans which provide for new financing; (c) restructuring plans which involve the loss of more than 25 % of the workforce, if such loss is permitted under national law. 2. Member States shall ensure that the conditions under which a restructuring plan can be confirmed by a judicial or administrative authority are clearly specified and include at least the following: (a) the restructuring plan has been adopted in accordance with Article 9; (b) creditors with sufficient commonality of interest in the same class are treated equally, and in a manner proportionate to their claim; (c) notification of the restructuring plan has been given in accordance with national law to all affected parties; (d) where there are dissenting creditors, the restructuring plan satisfies the best-interest-of-creditors test; (e) where applicable, any new financing is necessary to implement the restructuring plan and does not unfairly prejudice the interests of creditors. Compliance with point (d) of the first subparagraph shall be examined by a judicial or administrative authority only if the restructuring plan is challenged on that ground. 3. Member States shall ensure that judicial or administrative authorities are able to refuse to confirm a restructuring plan where that plan would not have a reasonable prospect of preventing the insolvency of the debtor or ensuring the viability of the business. 4. Member States shall ensure that where a judicial or administrative authority is required to confirm a restructuring plan in order for it to become binding, the decision is taken in an efficient manner with a view to expeditious treatment of the matter. Article 11 Cross-class cram-down 1. Member States shall ensure that a restructuring plan which is not approved by affected parties, as provided for in Article 9(6), in every voting class, may be confirmed by a judicial or administrative authority upon the proposal of a debtor or with the debtor's agreement, and become binding upon dissenting voting classes where the restructuring plan fulfils at least the following conditions: (a) it complies with Article 10(2) and (3); (b) it has been approved by: (i) a majority of the voting classes of affected parties, provided that at least one of those classes is a secured creditors class or is senior to the ordinary unsecured creditors class; or, failing that, (ii) at least one of the voting classes of affected parties or where so provided under national law, impaired parties, other than an equity-holders class or any other class which, upon a valuation of the debtor as a going concern, would not receive any payment or keep any interest, or, where so provided under national law, which could be reasonably presumed not to receive any payment or keep any interest, if the normal ranking of liquidation priorities were applied under national law; (c) it ensures that dissenting voting classes of affected creditors are treated at least as favourably as any other class of the same rank and more favourably than any junior class; and (d) no class of affected parties can, under the restructuring plan, receive or keep more than the full amount of its claims or interests. By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, Member States may limit the requirement to obtain the debtor's agreement to cases where debtors are SMEs. Member States may increase the minimum number of classes of affected parties or, where so provided under national law, impaired parties, required to approve the plan as laid down in point (b)(ii) of the first subparagraph. 2. By way of derogation from point (c) of paragraph 1, Member States may provide that the claims of affected creditors in a dissenting voting class are satisfied in full by the same or equivalent means where a more junior class is to receive any payment or keep any interest under the restructuring plan. Member States may maintain or introduce provisions derogating from the first subparagraph where they are necessary in order to achieve the aims of the restructuring plan and where the restructuring plan does not unfairly prejudice the rights or interests of any affected parties. Article 12 Equity holders 1. Where Member States exclude equity holders from the application of Articles 9 to 11, they shall ensure by other means that those equity holders are not allowed to unreasonably prevent or create obstacles to the adoption and confirmation of a restructuring plan. 2. Member States shall also ensure that equity holders are not allowed to unreasonably prevent or create obstacles to the implementation of a restructuring plan. 3. Member States may adapt what it means to unreasonably prevent or create obstacles under this Article to take into account, inter alia: whether the debtor is an SME or a large enterprise; the proposed restructuring measures touching upon the rights of equity holders; the type of equity holder; whether the debtor is a legal or a natural person; or whether partners in a company have limited or unlimited liability. Article 13 Workers 1. Members States shall ensure that individual and collective workers' rights, under Union and national labour law, such as the following, are not affected by the preventive restructuring framework: (a) the right to collective bargaining and industrial action; and (b) the right to information and consultation in accordance with Directive 2002/14/EC and Directive 2009/38/EC, in particular: (i) information to employees' representatives about the recent and probable development of the undertaking's or the establishment's activities and economic situation, enabling them to communicate to the debtor concerns about the situation of the business and as regards the need to consider restructuring mechanisms; (ii) information to employees' representatives about any preventive restructuring procedure which could have an impact on employment, such as on the ability of workers to recover their wages and any future payments, including occupational pensions; (iii) information to and consultation of employees' representatives about restructuring plans before they are submitted for adoption in accordance with Article 9, or for confirmation by a judicial or administrative authority in accordance with Article 10; (c) the rights guaranteed by Directives 98/59/EC, 2001/23/EC and 2008/94/EC. 2. Where the restructuring plan includes measures leading to changes in the work organisation or in contractual relations with workers, those measures shall be approved by those workers, if national law or collective agreements provide for such approval in such cases. Article 14 Valuation by the judicial or administrative authority 1. The judicial or administrative authority shall take a decision on the valuation of the debtor's business only where a restructuring plan is challenged by a dissenting affected party on the grounds of either: (a) an alleged failure to satisfy the best-interest-of-creditors test under point (6) of Article 2(1); or (b) an alleged breach of the conditions for a cross-class cram-down under point (ii) of Article 11(1)(b). 2. Member States shall ensure that, for the purpose of taking a decision on a valuation in accordance with paragraph 1, judicial or administrative authorities may appoint or hear properly qualified experts. 3. For the purposes of paragraph 1, Member States shall ensure that a dissenting affected party may lodge a challenge with the judicial or administrative authority called upon to confirm the restructuring plan. Member States may provide that such a challenge can be lodged in the context of an appeal against a decision on the confirmation of a restructuring plan. Article 15 Effects of restructuring plans 1. Member States shall ensure that restructuring plans that are confirmed by a judicial or administrative authority are binding upon all affected parties named or described in accordance with point (c) of Article 8(1). 2. Member States shall ensure that creditors that are not involved in the adoption of a restructuring plan under national law are not affected by the plan. Article 16 Appeals 1. Member States shall ensure that any appeal provided for under national law against a decision to confirm or reject a restructuring plan taken by a judicial authority is brought before a higher judicial authority. Member States shall ensure that an appeal against a decision to confirm or reject a restructuring plan taken by an administrative authority is brought before a judicial authority. 2. Appeals shall be resolved in an efficient manner with a view to expeditious treatment. 3. An appeal against a decision confirming a restructuring plan shall have no suspensive effects on the execution of that plan. By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, Member States may provide that judicial authorities can suspend the execution of the restructuring plan or parts thereof where necessary and appropriate to safeguard the interests of a party. 4. Member States shall ensure that, where an appeal pursuant to paragraph 3 is upheld, the judicial authority may either: (a) set aside the restructuring plan; or (b) confirm the restructuring plan, either with amendments, where so provided under national law, or without amendments. Member States may provide that, where a plan is confirmed under point (b) of the first subparagraph, compensation is granted to any party that incurred monetary losses and whose appeal is upheld. CHAPTER 4 Protection for new financing, interim financing and other restructuring related transactions Article 17 Protection for new financing and interim financing 1. Member States shall ensure that new financing and interim financing are adequately protected. As a minimum, in the case of any subsequent insolvency of the debtor: (a) new financing and interim financing shall not be declared void, voidable or unenforceable; and (b) the grantors of such financing shall not incur civil, administrative or criminal liability, on the ground that such financing is detrimental to the general body of creditors, unless other additional grounds laid down by national law are present. 2. Member States may provide that paragraph 1 shall only apply to new financing if the restructuring plan has been confirmed by a judicial or administrative authority, and to interim financing which has been subject to ex ante control. 3. Member States may exclude from the application of paragraph 1 interim financing which is granted after the debtor has become unable to pay its debts as they fall due. 4. Member States may provide that grantors of new or interim financing are entitled to receive payment with priority in the context of subsequent insolvency procedures in relation to other creditors that would otherwise have superior or equal claims. Article 18 Protection for other restructuring related transactions 1. Without prejudice to Article 17, Member States shall ensure that, in the event of any subsequent insolvency of a debtor, transactions that are reasonable and immediately necessary for the negotiation of a restructuring plan are not declared void, voidable or unenforceable on the ground that such transactions are detrimental to the general body of creditors, unless other additional grounds laid down by national law are present. 2. Member States may provide that paragraph 1 only applies where the plan is confirmed by a judicial or administrative authority or where such transactions were subject to ex ante control. 3. Member States may exclude from the application of paragraph 1 transactions that are carried out after the debtor has become unable to pay its debts as they fall due. 4. Transactions referred to in paragraph 1 shall include, as a minimum: (a) the payment of fees for and costs of negotiating, adopting or confirming a restructuring plan; (b) the payment of fees for and costs of seeking professional advice closely connected with the restructuring; (c) the payment of workers' wages for work already carried out without prejudice to other protection provided in Union or national law; (d) any payments and disbursements made in the ordinary course of business other than those referred to in points (a) to (c). 5. Without prejudice to Article 17, Member States shall ensure that, in the event of any subsequent insolvency of the debtor, transactions that are reasonable and immediately necessary for the implementation of a restructuring plan, and that are carried out in accordance with the restructuring plan confirmed by a judicial or administrative authority, are not declared void, voidable or unenforceable on the ground that such transactions are detrimental to the general body of creditors, unless other additional grounds laid down by national law are present. CHAPTER 5 Duties of directors Article 19 Duties of directors where there is a likelihood of insolvency Member States shall ensure that, where there is a likelihood of insolvency, directors, have due regard, as a minimum, to the following: (a) the interests of creditors, equity holders and other stakeholders; (b) the need to take steps to avoid insolvency; and (c) the need to avoid deliberate or grossly negligent conduct that threatens the viability of the business. TITLE III DISCHARGE OF DEBT AND DISQUALIFICATIONS Article 20 Access to discharge 1. Member States shall ensure that insolvent entrepreneurs have access to at least one procedure that can lead to a full discharge of debt in accordance with this Directive. Member States may require that the trade, business, craft or profession to which an insolvent entrepreneur's debts are related has ceased. 2. Member States in which a full discharge of debt is conditional on a partial repayment of debt by the entrepreneur shall ensure that the related repayment obligation is based on the individual situation of the entrepreneur and, in particular, is proportionate to the entrepreneur's seizable or disposable income and assets during the discharge period, and takes into account the equitable interest of creditors. 3. Member States shall ensure that entrepreneurs who have been discharged from their debts may benefit from existing national frameworks providing for business support for entrepreneurs, including access to relevant and up-to-date information about these frameworks. Article 21 Discharge period 1. Member States shall ensure that the period after which insolvent entrepreneurs are able to be fully discharged from their debts is no longer than three years starting at the latest from the date of either: (a) in the case of a procedure which includes a repayment plan, the decision by a judicial or administrative authority to confirm the plan or the start of the implementation of the plan; or (b) in the case of any other procedure, the decision by the judicial or administrative authority to open the procedure, or the establishment of the entrepreneur's insolvency estate. 2. Member States shall ensure that insolvent entrepreneurs who have complied with their obligations, where such obligations exist under national law, are discharged of their debt on expiry of the discharge period without the need to apply to a judicial or administrative authority to open a procedure additional to those referred to in paragraph 1. Without prejudice to the first subparagraph, Member States may maintain or introduce provisions allowing the judicial or administrative authority to verify whether the entrepreneurs have fulfilled the obligations for obtaining a discharge of debt. 3. Member States may provide that a full discharge of debt does not hinder the continuation of an insolvency procedure that entails the realisation and distribution of assets of an entrepreneur that formed part of the insolvency estate of that entrepreneur as at the date of expiry of the discharge period. Article 22 Disqualification period 1. Member States shall ensure that, where an insolvent entrepreneur obtains a discharge of debt in accordance with this Directive, any disqualifications from taking up or pursuing a trade, business, craft or profession on the sole ground that the entrepreneur is insolvent, shall cease to have effect, at the latest, at the end of the discharge period. 2. Member States shall ensure that, on expiry of the discharge period, the disqualifications referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article cease to have effect without the need to apply to a judicial or administrative authority to open a procedure additional to those referred to in Article 21(1). Article 23 Derogations 1. By way of derogation from Articles 20 to 22, Member States shall maintain or introduce provisions denying or restricting access to discharge of debt, revoking the benefit of such discharge or providing for longer periods for obtaining a full discharge of debt or longer disqualification periods, where the insolvent entrepreneur acted dishonestly or in bad faith under national law towards creditors or other stakeholders when becoming indebted, during the insolvency proceedings or during the payment of the debt, without prejudice to national rules on burden of proof. 2. By way of derogation from Articles 20 to 22, Member States may maintain or introduce provisions denying or restricting access to discharge of debt, revoking the benefit of discharge or providing for longer periods for obtaining a full discharge of debt or longer disqualification periods in certain well-defined circumstances and where such derogations are duly justified, such as where: (a) the insolvent entrepreneur has substantially violated obligations under a repayment plan or any other legal obligation aimed at safeguarding the interests of creditors, including the obligation to maximise returns to creditors; (b) the insolvent entrepreneur has failed to comply with information or cooperation obligations under Union and national law; (c) there are abusive applications for a discharge of debt; (d) there is a further application for a discharge within a certain period after the insolvent entrepreneur was granted a full discharge of debt or was denied a full discharge of debt due to a serious violation of information or cooperation obligations; (e) the cost of the procedure leading to the discharge of debt is not covered; or (f) a derogation is necessary to guarantee the balance between the rights of the debtor and the rights of one or more creditors. 3. By way of derogation from Article 21, Member States may provide for longer discharge periods in cases where: (a) protective measures are approved or ordered by a judicial or administrative authority in order to safeguard the main residence of the insolvent entrepreneur and, where applicable, of the entrepreneur's family, or the essential assets for the continuation of the entrepreneur's trade, business, craft or profession; or (b) the main residence of the insolvent entrepreneur and, where applicable, of the entrepreneur's family, is not realised. 4. Member States may exclude specific categories of debt from discharge of debt, or restrict access to discharge of debt or lay down a longer discharge period where such exclusions, restrictions or longer periods are duly justified, such as in the case of: (a) secured debts; (b) debts arising from or in connection with criminal penalties; (c) debts arising from tortious liability; (d) debts regarding maintenance obligations arising from a family relationship, parentage, marriage or affinity; (e) debts incurred after the application for or opening of the procedure leading to a discharge of debt; and (f) debts arising from the obligation to pay the cost of the procedure leading to a discharge of debt. 5. By way of derogation from Article 22, Member States may provide for longer or indefinite disqualification periods where the insolvent entrepreneur is a member of a profession: (a) to which specific ethical rules or specific rules on reputation or expertise apply, and the entrepreneur has infringed those rules; or (b) dealing with the management of the property of others. The first subparagraph shall also apply where an insolvent entrepreneur requests access to a profession as referred to in point (a) or (b) of that subparagraph. 6. This Directive is without prejudice to national rules regarding disqualifications ordered by a judicial or administrative authority other than those referred to in Article 22. Article 24 Consolidation of proceedings regarding professional and personal debts 1. Member States shall ensure that, where insolvent entrepreneurs have professional debts incurred in the course of their trade, business, craft or profession as well as personal debts incurred outside those activities, which cannot be reasonably separated, such debts, if dischargeable, shall be treated in a single procedure for the purposes of obtaining a full discharge of debt. 2. Member States may provide that, where professional debts and personal debts can be separated, those debts are to be treated, for the purposes of obtaining a full discharge of debt, either in separate but coordinated procedures or in the same procedure. TITLE IV MEASURES TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF PROCEDURES CONCERNING RESTRUCTURING, INSOLVENCY AND DISCHARGE OF DEBT Article 25 Judicial and administrative authorities Without prejudice to judicial independence and to any differences in the organisation of the judiciary across the Union, Member States shall ensure that: (a) members of the judicial and administrative authorities dealing with procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt receive suitable training and have the necessary expertise for their responsibilities; and (b) procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt are dealt with in an efficient manner, with a view to the expeditious treatment of procedures. Article 26 Practitioners in procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt 1. Member States shall ensure that: (a) practitioners appointed by a judicial or administrative authority in procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt (‘practitioners’) receive suitable training and have the necessary expertise for their responsibilities; (b) the conditions for eligibility, as well as the process for the appointment, removal and resignation of practitioners are clear, transparent and fair; (c) in appointing a practitioner for a particular case, including cases with cross-border elements, due consideration is given to the practitioner's experience and expertise, and to the specific features of the case; and (d) in order to avoid any conflict of interest, debtors and creditors have the opportunity to either object to the selection or appointment of a practitioner or request the replacement of the practitioner. 2. The Commission shall facilitate the sharing of best practices between Member States with a view to improving the quality of training across the Union, including by means of the exchange of experiences and capacity building tools. Article 27 Supervision and remuneration of practitioners 1. Member States shall put in place appropriate oversight and regulatory mechanisms to ensure that the work of practitioners is effectively supervised, with a view to ensuring that their services are provided in an effective and competent way, and, in relation to the parties involved, are provided impartially and independently. Those mechanisms shall also include measures for the accountability of practitioners who have failed in their duties. 2. Member States shall ensure that information about the authorities or bodies exercising oversight over practitioners is publicly available. 3. Member States may encourage the development of and adherence to codes of conduct by practitioners. 4. Member States shall ensure that the remuneration of practitioners is governed by rules that are consistent with the objective of an efficient resolution of procedures. Member States shall ensure that appropriate procedures are in place to resolve any disputes over remuneration. Article 28 Use of electronic means of communication Member States shall ensure that, in procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt, the parties to the procedure, the practitioner and the judicial or administrative authority are able to perform by use of electronic means of communication, including in cross-border situations, at least the following actions: (a) filing of claims; (b) submission of restructuring or repayment plans; (c) notifications to creditors; (d) lodging of challenges and appeals. TITLE V MONITORING OF PROCEDURES CONCERNING RESTRUCTURING, INSOLVENCY AND DISCHARGE OF DEBT Article 29 Data collection 1. Member States shall collect and aggregate, on an annual basis, at national level, data on procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt, broken down by each type of procedure, and covering at least the following elements: (a) the number of procedures that were applied for or opened, where such opening is provided for under national law, and of procedures that are pending or were closed; (b) the average length of procedures from the submission of the application, or from the opening thereof, where such opening is provided for under national law, to their closure; (c) the number of procedures other than those required under point (d), broken down by types of outcome; (d) the number of applications for restructuring procedures that were declared inadmissible, were rejected or were withdrawn before being opened. 2. Member States shall collect and aggregate, on an annual basis, at national level, data on the number of debtors which were subject to restructuring procedures or insolvency procedures and which, within the three years prior to the submission of the application or the opening of such procedures, where such opening is provided for under national law, had a restructuring plan confirmed under a previous restructuring procedure implementing Title II. 3. Member States may collect and aggregate, on an annual basis, at national level, data on: (a) the average cost of each type of procedure; (b) the average recovery rates for secured and unsecured creditors and, where applicable, other types of creditors, separately; (c) the number of entrepreneurs who, after having undergone a procedure under point (b) of Article 1(1), launch a new business; (d) the number of job losses linked to restructuring and insolvency procedures. 4. Member States shall break down the data referred to in points (a) to (c) of paragraph 1 and, where applicable and available, the data referred to in paragraph 3 by: (a) the size of the debtors that are not natural persons; (b) whether debtors subject to procedures concerning restructuring or insolvency are natural or legal persons; and (c) whether the procedures leading to a discharge of debt concern only entrepreneurs or all natural persons. 5. Member States may collect and aggregate the data referred to in paragraphs 1 to 4 through a sample technique that ensures that the samples are representative in terms of size and diversity. 6. Member States shall collect and aggregate the data referred to in paragraphs 1, 2, 4 and, where applicable, paragraph 3, for full calendar years ending on 31 December of each year, starting with the first full calendar year following the date of application of implementing acts referred to in paragraph 7. The data shall be communicated annually to the Commission, on the basis of a standard data communication form, by 31 December of the calendar year following the year for which data are collected. 7. The Commission shall establish the communication form referred to in paragraph 6 of this Article by way of implementing acts. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 30(2). 8. The Commission shall publish on its website the data communicated in accordance with paragraph 6 in an accessible and user-friendly manner. Article 30 Committee procedure 1. The Commission shall be assisted by a committee. That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011. 2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply. Where the committee delivers no opinion, the Commission shall not adopt the draft implementing act and the third subparagraph of Article 5(4) of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply. TITLE VI FINAL PROVISIONS Article 31 Relationship with other acts and international instruments 1. The following acts shall apply notwithstanding this Directive: (a) Directive 98/26/EC; (b) Directive 2002/47/EC; and (c) Regulation (EU) No 648/2012. 2. This Directive shall be without prejudice to the safeguarding requirements of funds for payment institutions laid down under Directive (EU) 2015/2366 of the European Parliament and of the Council (24) and for electronic money institutions laid down under Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (25). 3. This Directive shall be without prejudice to the application of the Convention on international interests in mobile equipment and its Protocol on matters specific to aircraft equipment, signed at Cape Town on 16 November 2001, to which some Member States are party at the time of the adoption of this Directive. Article 32 Amendment of Directive (EU) 2017/1132 In Article 84 of Directive (EU) 2017/1132, the following paragraph is added: ‘4. Member States shall derogate from Article 58(1), Article 68, Articles 72, 73, and 74, point (b) of Article 79(1), Article 80(1) and Article 81 to the extent and for the period that such derogations are necessary for the establishment of the preventive restructuring frameworks provided for in Directive (EU) 2019/1023 of the European Parliament and of the Council (*1). The first subparagraph shall be without prejudice to the principle of equal treatment of shareholders. Article 33 Review clause No later than 17 July 2026 and every five years thereafter, the Commission shall present to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee a report on the application and impact of this Directive, including on the application of the class formation and voting rules in respect of vulnerable creditors, such as workers. On the basis of that assessment, the Commission shall submit, if appropriate, a legislative proposal, considering additional measures to consolidate and harmonise the legal framework on restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt. Article 34 Transposition 1. Member States shall adopt and publish, by 17 July 2021, the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive, with the exception of the provisions necessary to comply with points (a), (b) and (c) of Article 28 which shall be adopted and published by 17 July 2024 and the provisions necessary to comply with point (d) of Article 28 which shall be adopted and published by 17 July 2026. They shall immediately communicate the text of those provisions to the Commission. They shall apply the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive from 17 July 2021, with the exception of the provisions necessary to comply with points (a), (b) and (c) of Article 28, which shall apply from 17 July 2024 and of the provisions necessary to comply with point (d) of Article 28, which shall apply from 17 July 2026. 2. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, Member States that encounter particular difficulties in implementing this Directive shall be able to benefit from an extension of a maximum of one year of the implementation period provided for in paragraph 1. Member States shall notify to the Commission the need to make use of this option to extend the implementation period by 17 January 2021. 3. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 35 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. Article 36 This Directive is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, 20 June 2019. For the European Parliament The President A. TAJANI For the Council The President G. CIAMBA (1) OJ C 209, 30.6.2017, p. 21. (2) OJ C 342, 12.10.2017, p. 43. (3) Position of the European Parliament of 28 March 2019 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and decision of the Council of 6 June 2019. (4) Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings (OJ L 141, 5.6.2015, p. 19). (5) Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on the annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and related reports of certain types of undertakings, amending Directive 2006/43/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directives 78/660/EEC and 83/349/EEC (OJ L 182, 29.6.2013, p. 19). (6) Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (OJ L 124, 20.5.2003, p. 36). (7) Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II) (OJ L 335, 17.12.2009, p. 1). (8) Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 (OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p. 1). (9) Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on OTC derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories (OJ L 201, 27.7.2012, p. 1). (10) Regulation (EU) No 909/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on improving securities settlement in the European Union and on central securities depositories and amending Directives 98/26/EC and 2014/65/EU and Regulation (EU) No 236/2012 (OJ L 257, 28.8.2014, p. 1). (11) Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/EEC, and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU, and Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 648/2012, of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 173, 12.6.2014, p. 190). (12) Council Directive 98/59/EC of 20 July 1998 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to collective redundancies (OJ L 225, 12.8.1998, p. 16). (13) Council Directive 2001/23/EC of 12 March 2001 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the safeguarding of employees' rights in the event of transfers of undertakings, businesses or parts of undertakings or businesses (OJ L 82, 22.3.2001, p. 16). (14) Directive 2002/14/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2002 establishing a general framework for informing and consulting employees in the European Community (OJ L 80, 23.3.2002, p. 29). (15) Directive 2008/94/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on the protection of employees in the event of the insolvency of their employer (OJ L 283, 28.10.2008, p. 36). (16) Directive 2009/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 on the establishment of a European Works council or a procedure in Community-scale undertakings and community-scale groups of undertakings for the purpose of informing and consulting employees (OJ L 122, 16.5.2009, p. 28). (17) Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC (OJ L 257, 28.8.2014, p. 73). (18) Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by the Member States of the Commission's exercise of implementing powers (OJ L 55, 28.2.2011, p. 13). (19) Directive 98/26/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 1998 on settlement finality in payment and securities settlement systems (OJ L 166, 11.6.1998, p. 45). (20) Directive 2002/47/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 June 2002 on financial collateral arrangements (OJ L 168, 27.6.2002, p. 43). (21) Directive (EU) 2017/1132 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 relating to certain aspects of company law (OJ L 169, 30.6.2017, p. 46). (22) OJ C 369, 17.12.2011, p. 14. (23) OJ C 236, 21.7.2017, p. 2. (24) Directive (EU) 2015/2366 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on payment services in the internal market, amending Directives 2002/65/EC, 2009/110/EC and 2013/36/EU and Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, and repealing Directive 2007/64/EC (OJ L 337, 23.12.2015, p. 35). (25) Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on the taking up, pursuit and prudential supervision of the business of electronic money institutions amending Directives 2005/60/EC and 2006/48/EC and repealing Directive 2000/46/EC (OJ L 267, 10.10.2009, p. 7).

Create an Account - Increase your productivity, customize your experience, and engage in information you care about.

The 2008 CDIO Aachen reconfirmed Isabell Werth's number one position in the European Dressage world. In the absence of Anky van Grunsven and Salinero, Werth was unbeatable winning the CDIO tour with Satchmo and CDI tour with Warum Nicht FRH. It's always great to see when a horse owner/sponsor gets moved by his/her horse. Based in Mellendorf near Hannover, Germany, Madeleine Winter-Schulze is a multimillionaire as the heir of the Audi/Volkswagen/Porsche Berlin dealership. She and her husband Dieter are great sponsors of the German dressage (Isabell Werth) and show jumping sport (Ludger Beerbaum). In 2006, insiders claim that the couple had invested over 15 million euro in the equestrian sport. "I'm crazy about horses,"Madeleine Winter Schulze said, "and I look forward to every ride." We finally know for sure that Nadine Capellmann reads Eurodressage. In our CDI Hagen photo report, we wrote that Capellmann should smile more when she's aboard Elvis. In Aachen, her usually stern face made room for a big Colgate smile and oh my god, what a difference it made!!! During her kur to music, Nadine actually showed that she was having fun riding her hugely talented Elvis! By the way, there are two new men in Nadine's life who are putting a smile on her face! A new man,Marc Schneider, and a new Grand Prix horse, the Danish warmblood Riverbanks Raffaldo. This liver chestnut gelding is by Come Back II x Raffaelli Z x Woernitz and is bred by Preben Vinther. The Finnish Nina Polonen showed the gelding at small tour level but the horse is Grand Prix ready and will make his show debut under Capellmann in the winter. Double Ferro action in Aachen: Jordi Domingo qualified for the Olympics with Prestige (left). Belgian Stefan van Ingelgem is taking the international dressage world by storm, solidly scoring between 68 - 70% at CDI's in Europe. His partner: Withney van 't Waaifhof (right). The black licensed stallion is typical Ferro: a quick trot (which lacks suspension) and a superb piaffe and passage in which the horse pulls his hocks up high. Two young riders were invited to compete at the CDIO Aachen: Kirsten Sieber and Hedda Droege. The latter only recently made her move to Grand Prix and showed lovely piaffe/passage with Fifth Avenue (by Florestan x Rubinstein). Droege is trained by Jurgen Koschel. Former British young rider Maria Eilberg got the news that she will be Britain's travelling reserve for the dressage team only few days before Aachen. Aboard her Westfalian Two Sox (by Ehrentusch) Eilberg got the chance to ride against the big guys in Aachen. The rollkur debate remains to be a hot topic three years after the discussion exploded following an article printed in St. Georg. At the 2008 CDIO Aachen, Edward Gal's Totilas (by Gribaldi) gave away the system he is trained in by positioning his head in the roll kur during the begin and end halt and in the rein back in the Prix St Georges test. The oldest horse in competition at the CDIO Aachen: Francoise Hologne Joux's 19-year old Czech bred Born. This horse was not the high flyer, finishing 16th in the CDI Grand Prix (64.042%) but he has a piaffe and passage which is better and more expressive than many of the 70% scoring horses!! In between class breaks, 58-year old Dutch team trainer Sjef Janssen takes a break to cuddle with his children. Left: Yannick Janssen van Grunsven, right: Ava Eden van Grunsven. Sjef Janssen is the son of "Sjefke" Janssen, one of Holland's most successful cyclists ever. Sjef was an insurance agent before he bought his first farm Stable Waterval in Ulestraten, The Netherlands. This stable went bankrupt though. In 1988, Janssen met Anky van Grunsven at the CDI Schoten and they have been working together ever since, though Anky had also trained with Piet Oothout, Henk van Bergen, Jo Willems, Jo Hinnemann and Jan Bemelmans. 2008 is a year of great new partnerships for Swedish Patrik Kittel. He has been riding the Westfalian licensed stallion Floresco (by Florestan) for quite some time, but made his big international Grand Prix break through with him this year and made it on the Swedish Olympic team. Kittel also has a new girlfriend, the Australian Lyndal Oatley (cousin of Kristy Oatley) The future of German dressage? Only very few new German Grand Prix combinations are appearing on the scene but one new pair isHubertus Schmidt with Heinrich Kampmann's Franziskus. The horse has lost all trust in the rider but with Schmidt he is gaining confidence every day. Royal love: Danish Princess Nathalie Zu Saeyn-Wittgenstein kissing her boyfriend Alexander Johannsmann. Australian Maree Tomkinson competed Lanzaro. Her European stint is coming to an end in September. The Australian trained at Koschel's farm in Hagen, Germany and will do two more shows before going back to Australia. She'll be riding her young horse Diamantina at the World Championships and Bundeschampionate. All photos copyrighted Astrid Appels/Eurodressage.com No Reproduction Allowed without Permission/Payment Eurodressage took photos of all riders competing in Aachen! If you want to order photos, please email us with the name of the rider and pony and we'll send you proofs! Back to the 2008 Aachen Index Isabell Werth and Satchmo at the 2008 CDIO Aachen :: Photo © Astrid Appels Maree Tomkinson on Lanzaro :: Photo © Astrid Appels Isabell Werth in discussion with St. Georg journalist Jan Tönjes Madeleine Winter-Schulze moved to tears by Isabell's victory on Satchmo Nadine Capellmann smiles at the crowds Nadine Capellmann smiling on her horse Elvis VA, a rarity Nadine Capellmann's partner Marc Schneider Nadine Capellmann on her new Grand Prix horse Raffaldo Stefan van Ingelgem on Withney van 't Genthof (by Ferro) Hedda Droege on Fifth Avenue Maria Eilberg on Two Sox (by Ehrentusch) Swiss Elisabeth Eversfield-Koch aboard The Lion King, a horse previously shown by Rudolf Zeilinger Dutch Edward Gal on his Grand Prix mare Sisther de Jeu (by Gribaldi). Lovely horse with great movements! Edward Gal's Totilas always halts in rollkur position Françoise Hologne-Joux on Born Patrik Kittel on Floresco Patrik Kittel and Lyndal Oatley Hubertus Schmidt on Franziskus Sjef Janssen cuddling with his son Yannick Janssen van Grunsven Heike Kemmer on her new horse St. Tropez (by Sion x Gloster). The contact with the bit was not optimal with lots of pulling in the Prix St Georges, but the horse did show lovely extended canter. Heike Kemmer and the beautiful Bonaparte Ann Kathrin Linsenhoff rooting for stepson Matthias Former Olympic champion Christine Stuckelberger 88-year old Georg Wahl visits the 2008 CDIO Aachen. For many years, Wahl was the Oberbereiter of the Spanish Riding School and he is the trainer of Christine Stuckelberger A flash back in time! Former double Olympic champion Nicole Uphoff with her third husband, Andreas Selke, son Patrick Evan and her newborn baby. German journalist Julia Wentscher. Julia was managing all the news updates in Aachen, what a tough job!

Description:Compare prices skf 6210 tc/c782 bearing in Netherlands are widely used in industrial drive, agriculture, compressors, motors and generators, construction, industrial fan, industrial transmission and other fields. Availability:In stock Price: send email to: [email protected] Inventory quantity: 3416100 Editor: Wuxi BEARINGS SKF 6211 y/c782 Bearing SKF 6212 Y/C782 Radial & Deep Groove Ball Bearings SKF 6212 Y/C782 Description . Radial/Deep Groove Ball Bearing-Metric - 60 mm ID, 110 mm OD, 22 mm Width, C0, Open We are one of the best Wholesalers for SKF 6211 Y C782 Bearing. SKF 6211 Y/C782 Radial Bearing, Single Row. SKF 6211 Y/C782 Radial Bearing, Single Row, Deep Groove Design, ABEC 7 Precision, Open, Normal Clearance, Brass Cage, . If you want to understand the SKF 6211 Y C782 Bearing Price,Assembly,Size,Importers. Please contact us. This is a SKF 6203 Y/C783 Precision Ball Bearing. We simplify & supply industrial MRO and mechanical power transmission products, click or call now to order. Our stock list is updated daily for your convenience. MMB Bearings provides quality precision bearings of all types at the lowest possible cost. We have a large in-stock inventory and are ISO 9001 certified. Call 888-494-4582 today! SKF 6211 Y/C782 6211 Y/C782 Bearing uses a variety of prefixes and suffixes to help identify critical features of Origin bearings. Some are standard throughout the bearing industry, while some are not. Shop SKF 6212 Y/C782 at Applied, which includes; 60 mm ID x 110 mm OD x 22 mm Wide, Open, ABEC 7, Brass / Bronze Cage, Normal Clearance, Deep Groove Design. Buy SKF Radial & Deep Groove Ball Bearings 6209 Y/C782 direct from Motion Industries. Your proven service leader with reliable delivery since 1972. SKF 6308 Y/C78 Radial & Deep Groove Ball Bearings SKF 61826 Single Row Radial Bearing =2 KOYO, 1 NIB SKF 6308 Y/C78 6308Y/C78 SUPER PRECISION BALL BEARING 40MM ID 90MM OD 23W TIMKEN M244249-90121 GET PRICE BY E-MAIL skf bearings 6308-M/C782 Bearings - bearing-bearings The SKF 6205 Y/C782 was been used on markets bearings, transmissions, gearboxes, belts, chain and related products, and offers a spectrum of powertrain rebuild and repair services. The Leader Singapore leading authority on tapered roller bearings. SKF 1303 EM/P62 TIMKEN EE737181-90026 Driveshaft Drive Shaft Center Support & NSK Bearing for 01-02 Volvo V70 AWD KOYO HJ-324120 SKF 6012 2RSJEM GET PRICE BY E-MAIL Bearings, units and housings - easysparepart In addition to the information provided on this page, consider what is provided under Single row angular contact ball bearings.; For information on selecting the appropriate bearing for a given application, and interpreting the data on this page, refer to Bearing selection process.; For general information on rolling bearings, refer to General bearing knowledge. SKF NU 2215 ECP bearing Full Specifications in Sweden. SKF NU 2215 ECP bearing Full Specifications in Sweden can ensure high quality for more than 80% raw material of SKF NU 2215 ECP bearing Full Specifications in Sweden provided by the steel plant.Explorer series bearing of SKF NU 2215 ECP bearing Full Specifications in Sweden are better than any brand bearings currently in bearing Compare prices skf 6210 tc/c782 bearing in Netherlands are widely used in industrial drive, agriculture, compressors, motors and generators, construction, industrial fan, industrial transmission and other fields. More...SKF BEARING SKF 6211 2RS1 C3 Cảm biến Gefran, Cầu chì công nghiệp, Động cơ giảm tốc ROSSI Viet Nam, encoder, Servo motor, PLC, Module, SCR, Thyristor, Motor hộp số, Đại lý phân phối chính thức, Hàng có sẵn, giá tốt SKF 6211 2rs Buy Online, 6211-2RS Bearing Deep Groove 6211-2RS Ball Bearings, from the Canadian Bearing Supplier in Toronto, Canada, Concord, BearingsCanada Bearings Canada HOME VIEW CART MY ACCOUNT ORDER STATUS SKF nj 211 ecj/c3 Shop a large range of skf cylindrical roller bearings at MSC Industrial Supply. MSC Industrial supply is here to support all your metalworking and maintenance repair needs with over 1 million products in stock and ready to ship today!

Process safety management software. Phast is the industry standard process hazard analysis tool for the analysis of flammable, fire, explosion and toxic hazards, used by over 800 organizations globally; The process safety management software incorporates groundbreaking model development research work conducted with process industry partners Shell Global Solutions based its fire and gas mapping methodologies on infrared (IR) technology, supported by in-house testing of the detection products already on the market. It has proven the Jul 25, 2018 · Fire and Gas Mapping Hazard Detection Solutions. How to Print on Fabric with an Inkjet Printer and Freezer Paper - Washable as Well! Sep 24, 2018 · Shell Geodesic™ features a drilling simulator, which offers a user-friendly interface, and a suite of machine learning and control algorithms that gives geologists and drillers a better view of the best layers of oil and gas rock. Nov 18, 2016 · Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars Aren't The Dumbest Thing. But | Answers With Joe - Duration: 18:46. Joe Scott Recommended for you trip systems, relief valves, fire and gas alarm systems, certain level controls, alarms, crane computers, In-Vehicle Monitoring Systems. YOU SHOULD n Obtain authorization from the Supervisor or Person in Charge before overriding or disabling safety-critical equipment. IF YOU ARE THE SUPERVISOR OR THE PERSON IN CHARGE OF THE WORK YOU SHOULD Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. Liquefied Natural Gas Need Clarification,’ found that the most likely public safety impact of an LNG spill is the heat hazard of a fire, but disagreed with the specific heat hazard of a fire and cascading damage failure conclusion, which is used by the Coast Guard to prepare Waterway Suitability Assessments for LNG facilities. Fire & Gas Detection Mapping Study Home › Services › Process Safety › Fire Safety › Fire & Gas Detection Mapping Study Hydrocarbon detector mapping using Dispersion Modelling Software is a scientific way of locating the detectors adopted by Major Oil Companies. Fire & Gas Detector Coverage Optimization Software. Figco TM utilizes 3D modelling techniques to optimize the layout for flame, flammable gas and toxic gas detector in terms of number and location of detectors. FigcoTM reads directly from a 3D model, allowing the mapping analysis to precisely capture all details and features available in the 3D Fire And Gas Mapping Services. Fire and Gas detection systems are of paramount importance to protect personnel, plant, product and reputation. MICROPACK specialise in the design, provision and implementation of high integrity fire and gas detection systems to significantly reduce the risk of incidents and spurious alarms. Often more importantly, our experience extends to providing major oil and gas operators with on-site F&G engineers to maintain and service these critical systems. Aug 23, 2012 · Understanding Fire and Gas Mapping Software and Effigy™ Scenario Coverage – Which is the fraction of all of the hazard scenarios (fires in the case of fire detection, and leaks in the case of gas detection) that a detector array is capable of detecting.Figure 2 – Typical Gas Detector Scenario Coverage Map (Shown as Residual Geographic Aug 11, 2019 · The next tip is to memorize all the maps. Why? Because in the ShellFire game you can’t choose a map when playing in Quick Match or Ranking mode. The map will be automatically selected. When playing, you can be on a different spot each time. So learn quick and memorize all kind of maps. • Don’t Run the Runes EFFIGY Fire & Gas 3D Mapping Software EFFIGY effectively answers the questions of where, why, and how many detectors are required to achieve an acceptable level of protection. By verifying the coverage of a complete array of fire and gas sensors, EFFIGY validates that the location and technologies chosen will provide the coverage desired. The mapping involved employing sophisticated 3D software that could simulate gas release and fire in the facilities using complex algorithm. It produced a visual, time-variant model that could predict the most probable concentration of gas and intensity of heat-fire for further assessment to optimize best location for the fire & gas detectors. Flame, gas & heat detection assessment mapping studies assess safety setup from initial design, during construction phase & on existing installations. Fire & Gas Detection Mapping Software and Consultancy Services DELOS (Detector Location Optimisation Software) is a 3D Fire and Gas mapping tool that optimises the number and location of fire and gas detectors. Whether the detectors are: Field of View (FOV) detectors MSA flame and gas mapping is a solution that assists in the evaluation of flame and gas risks within a process facility and in the reduction of these risks towards an acceptable risk profile. Flame and gas mapping includes placing of detectors in appropriate locations to achieve best possible detection coverage. The Future of 3D Fire and Gas Mapping is here. The new and improved AMNIS (our widely popular Fire and Gas Mapping Tool – previously known as MAFIAS) is full of enhancements.

There are many concerns today over how education technology companies protect data and whether they profit from the sale of that data or advertising. From its launch in 2004, School Loop has never and will never sell any student or parent data (or any system data for that matter). We don't sell ads or carry advertising. And we regularly review and update our industry-standard security practices and systems. This document discusses data security in general, FERPA compliance, and the requirements of AB1584, SB177 SOPIPA Compliance. Email: data_security@schoolloop.com Phone: (415) 952-5667 Section I: General security. Password Security. All passwords are treated securely and one-way encrypted. We cannot decrypt the passwords and do not provide information concerning Admin accounts (ROOT Admin, container Admin, local administrator or domain administrator) or their equivalent to any persons. We encourage our districts to use LDAP integration so that they have complete control over user access and passwords. Security of District Systems. We never gain or try to gain unauthorized access to or modify district systems including file servers, routers, switches, NdS and Internet services. Privacy. We adhere to all provisions of the Federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA, 20 U.S.C. 123g), California Education Code and district policies regarding the protection and confidentiality of data. We consider all data collected in the course of our duties to be protected and confidential. Release of this data can only be authorized by district leadership and by appropriate state and federal officials. With regards to FERPA and the use of School Loop, in general, districts are guided by the U.S. Department of Education's ruling on Edline and the Clark County School District (Las Vegas, Nevada). Edline was competitor offering similar services. The Department of Education conclusion is as follows: Based on the information provided, it appears that the arrangement schools within the District have with Edline meets these requirements for disclosing specified information from education records to Edline as a "school official" under this FERPA exception. In particular, 1) Edline provides online hosting services that permit parents to view some of their children's education records, and Edline uses the information from education records to perform those services that would otherwise be provided by school employees; 2) Edline's online access services provide it with "legitimate educational interests" in the information disclosed to Edline by each school; and 3) Edline's use and maintenance of personally identifiable information from education records is subject to the direct control of each school within the District. Each school or the District must ensure that Edline does not redisclose or permit the redisclosure of any personally identifiable information from education records except as specifically authorized by the school or District that is responsible for the contract. The school (or District), in turn, remains responsible for any FERPA violations committed by its service provider. In that regard, we note that Edline takes reasonable and appropriate steps to ensure that information from education records is not disclosed or made available to other parties and does not use the information for any other purpose. Based on this guidance, districts in California and across the country use systems like School Loop and stay within the law. As noted, School Loop offers a variety of account types and settings that help districts enforce their policies. These accounts have access to different types of content. Access to those accounts can be controlled in various ways. School Loop offers roles for certificated employees (teachers, principals, and certificated staff), classified employees (we call those accounts Associates), parents, students, and a class of account we label Afterschool Professional (ASP). ASP accounts are optional for districts and allow districts and parents to approve accounts for tutors, social workers, people who run after school programs, and others they deem fit. Parents and students can only see their own grades and attendance information, and other such information published specifically to them as members of classes and schools. Parents and students self-register, and districts are given the choice of approving each account before any access is granted (approval being whatever process they set up to verify that the registrant is legit), or allowing limited access to parents and requiring verification for grades and attendance. Additionally, all parents and students have a tool that allows them to challenge the membership of any other person who registers as a parent. This Challenge tool sends an alert to administrators, and admins can then suspend or delete the account, ignore the challenge, or ask for more information. School Loop has account types for administrators, certificated staff, classified staff, other non-staff members, students, and parents. Each type of account is designed to align with privacy regulations. Districts assign these roles, so it is the district's responsibility to ensure that individuals are assigned the correct type of account. The combination of account types, access rights, control over account registration, and control over access to content has proved successful at helping hundreds of districts enforce their privacy policies in different ways. In addition, there are a variety of fine-tuning settings that allow you to further limit access, mask the identity of a student, and restrict parent accounts for students. Over our history, we have repeatedly refined these tools to help districts use School Loop safely and within their policy guidelines. We are quite concerned over privacy and protecting students, and take our responsibilities to do so seriously. Reuse: We do not copy, duplicate, sell, repackage or use for demonstration purposes any district data. Transport: We provide a secure channel encrypted via SFTP or SMTP for the district to send us data. We do not have direct access to district systems. External Security: We secure our system against external hacking and attacks. We use CloudFlare to protect our services against various denial of service attacks. Our servers are protected behind Juniper and Cisco firewalls and are hardened to restrict access to only those services required for operation. All administrative access occurs over an SSL encrypted connection with dual-factor authentication. Internal Security: We secure our system against internal hacking and attacks. District data is protected by segmenting the data into databases that can only be accessed through district portals. When a district uploads encrypted data, the import server determines the appropriate portal and sends the encrypted data to that portal. A process on the portal decrypts and processes the data, importing it into the database where it can be accessed only by that particular portal. The data is never decrypted by the import server and any transitory copy of the data is deleted upon transmission to the portal. Database backups are performed on a daily basis and are encrypted in memory using 256-bit AES before they are ever written to disk. Encrypted backups are retained on the backup server for three days, on a local archive server for 45 days, and on an off-site archive server for 90 days. One monthly encrypted backup is retained perpetually while the district is under contract. Access to all backup and archive servers is restricted exclusively to School Loop administrative staff via the aforementioned VPN. District Access to District Data: During the term of our contract with a district, the district has complete access to all District Data. Handling Data at Contract Termination: Upon termination of an executed contract we will depersonalize all personally identifiable data within 60 days. We will also destroy the data. Section II: AB1584 Compliance Data Ownership. In all cases, the district retains ownership and control of all student data. Students Access to Student Created Content. Students can download content they create via link available in their DropBox. Third-party use of Data. We do not allow third-parties use of student information beyond those purposes defined in the executed contract with the district. School Loop receives personally identifiable information directly from parents, legal guardians and students and as exported from the district and imported into School Loop. Parents, legal guardians and students can view any personally identifiable information they enter or that we import from the district. Parents, legal guardians and students can correct any information they enter. Corrections to information from the district must be made by the district. Data Security. We take the following steps to ensure that student data is kept secure. Confidential Student data is stored in a database that can only be accessed via user login at the school portal or mobile app. The portal application allows access to the student data only by (1) the student (2) the student's parents, (3) certificated members of the school staff (4) After-School Professional who have been approved by approved parents. Districts can set the approval process for parent access to require that parent's establish their identity to a staff member. See the FERPA discussion above for more detail. Notification of Breach. The following is our procedure to communicate with affected parents, legal guardians and eligible students if there is an unauthorized disclosure of student records: School Loop implements industry-standard security procedures for storing and accessing information to avoid the loss or theft of any data, with an emphasis on protecting personal data, defined as login credentials, permanent student IDs, addresses, phone numbers. If we detect a breach involving the loss or theft of personal data our notification plan is as follows: Within 24 hours: School Loop CEO, CTO, IT Lead, and Support Lead will meet to discuss what is known about the breach and identify the steps necessary to resolve the issue. The Support Team will notify affected districts and explain the actions we have taken, our plan moving forward, and the timeline for resolution. Our goal is resolution within 72 hours. The breach will be reported to local law enforcement in conjunction with the district, if required. We will notify affected users, explain the impact of the breach, our plan moving forward, and the timeline for resolution, in conjunction with the district. District may elect to notify users independently and directly. If more than 500 users are affected, a notice of breach will be posted on our corporate website, unless such notification is restricted by legal authorities. Upon resolution: We will notify the district, provide details of the resolution, and outline safeguards to prevent a recurrence. We will notify affected users, provide details of the resolution, outline safeguards to prevent a recurrence, and define steps they can take to safeguard their information, all in conjunction with the district, unless such notification is restricted by legal authorities. Within 60 days (CA only): In California, by law, if more than 500 residents are affected, the Attorney General will be notified. Data and Third-Parties Post Contract. We certify that student records will not be available to a third party once the district contract has expired or is canceled. No Target Advertising. We do not use personally identifiable information from student records to target advertising to students. Section III: SB 1177 SOPIPA Compliance No Target Advertising. We do not sell or carry advertising, and we do not target advertising on our website or any other website using information acquired from students. No Student Profile. We do not create a profile for a student except for school purposes as defined in an executed contract with the District. No Selling Student Information. We do not sell student information. Information Disclosure. We do not disclose student information unless for legal, regulatory, judicial, or safety reasons, and then only to authorized parties and with the approval of the district. Reasonable Security Practices. Student information is protected through reasonable security procedures and practices. Student information is stored in a database that is accessible only via the portal that hosts the student's school. And student information transmitted from the district is encrypted before leaving the district computers and not decrypted until it is processed by the portal itself. Any backups of the portal database are encrypted before they are ever stored on disk. Deletion of Student Data. Upon termination of an executed contract we will dispose of all personally identifiable data and transfer that data to the district within 60 days of the end of the contract. Information Disclosure when Required by Law. We will disclose student information when required by law, and to authorized educational agencies when requested.

Outgoing Email Server: mail.[your domain name] Example: mail.domain.com:587 (if it doesn’t work with the “:587” on the end, try :26, if that doesn’t work, remove it) Outgoing server requires authentication: YES Use the same username and password for sending email: YES Verify there are no typos, then tap SIGN-IN Search for: Recent Posts Scheduled Maintenance may cause intermittent service availability on March 2nd, 2020 9pm for some eve, Inc. customers February 24, 2020 NOTICE: Due to increasing registrar pricing, effective January 1st, 2020: .com, .net and .org domain registration cost will be increased to $25/year. November 6, 2019 How to setup email account in Outlook 2019 [POP] February 26, 2019 Contact Information Office Address: eve, Inc. 1650 Eighth Avenue, Suite 16 Huntington, WV 25703 (Suite 16 inside the Unlimited Future Building) Billing/Contact address: eve, Inc. PO BOX 346 Huntington, WV 25708-0346 Phone: 304-697-7705 E-mail: sales@eve.net Please note: Meetings/Consultations are by appointment only. Thank you! Old Posts Old Posts Select Month February 2020 November 2019 February 2019 January 2019 February 2017 June 2016 April 2016 October 2015 June 2015 May 2015 February 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 Recent Posts Scheduled Maintenance may cause intermittent service availability on March 2nd, 2020 9pm for some eve, Inc. customers NOTICE: Due to increasing registrar pricing, effective January 1st, 2020: .com, .net and .org domain registration cost will be increased to $25/year. How to setup email account in Outlook 2019 [POP] How to setup Outlook Auto-Archive for IMAP Mailboxes If you are experiencing SSL certificate errors with your email, please read this… Older Posts Older Posts Select Month February 2020 November 2019 February 2019 January 2019 February 2017 June 2016 April 2016 October 2015 June 2015 May 2015 February 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014

Enjoy celebrating in the impressive Gerstner Salons Privés, a prime location vis-á-vis from the Wiener Staatsoper. We will cater to you and your guests with greatest care, finest food and selected drinks. A special highlight is our sweets display offering your guests all the famous handmade Gerstner pastries to enjoy to their hearts´ content. This is also a dream location for marriages, offering the perfect setting for both the civil wedding ceremony and the subsequent celebration.

Due to the COVID-19 virus outbreak, many of the Events you see on the calendar may be delayed or canceled.

Due to the COVID-19 virus outbreak, many of the Events you see on the calendar may be delayed or canceled.

Due to the COVID-19 virus outbreak, many of the Events you see on the calendar may be delayed or canceled.

Due to the COVID-19 virus outbreak, many of the Events you see on the calendar may be delayed or canceled.

Due to the COVID-19 virus outbreak, many of the Events you see on the calendar may be delayed or canceled.