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[ "Q:\n\nJQuery datepicker cannot perform date formatting\n\nI am stuck in a simple problem. ", "I am using JQuery datepicker plugin. ", "Where I am getting probem though is in formatting its date. ", "It is currently showing me current date in the form of: mm/dd/yy. ", "I want it in: yy/mm/dd.", "\nWhat I have tried:\n$(\"#\" + contactDateTextBox).datepicker({\n defaultDate: new Date(),\n selectDefaultDate: true,\n dateformat: 'yy-mm-dd',\n minDate: new Date(),\n showSpeed: 'fast',\n showAnim: 'fadeIn'\n}).datepicker(\"setDate\", new Date());\n\nAlso:\n$(\".selector\").datepicker({\n dateFormat: 'yy-mm-dd'\n});\n\n$(\"#\" + contactDateTextBox).datepicker({\n defaultDate: new Date(),\n selectDefaultDate: true,\n dateformat: 'yy-mm-dd',\n minDate: new Date(),\n showSpeed: 'fast',\n showAnim: 'fadeIn'\n}).datepicker(\"setDate\", new Date());\n\nAlso tried is:\n$(\"#\" + contactDateTextBox).datepicker({\n defaultDate: new Date(),\n selectDefaultDate: true,\n dateformat: $.datepicker.formatDate(\"yy-mm-dd\", new Date()),\n minDate: new Date(),\n showSpeed: 'fast',\n showAnim: 'fadeIn'\n}).datepicker(\"setDate\", new Date());\n\nBut I am not able to get the correct format. ", "Please help.", "\n\nA:\n\nIn your options, dateformat should be dateFormat (with a capital \"F\"). ", "This should do the trick:\n$(\"#\" + contactDateTextBox).datepicker({\n ...\n dateFormat: 'yy-mm-dd',\n ...\n}).datepicker(\"setDate\", new Date());\n\n" ]

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[ "\"Did you fall off again?\" \"", "I'm practicing a new kind of dismount.\" \"", "Jesus, no.\" \"", "Jesus, yes.\" \"", "We're out here playing some kind of goddamn cowboys and my horse can't keep up.\" \"", "Dammit!\" \"", "Oh Scott, what are we doing?\" \"", "Katie...\" \"I think we're having a heart attack.\" \"", "No, you're having a thrill again.\" \"", "This is just one of your goddamn thrills!\" \"", "Katie, I don't make the fucking rules!\" \"", "I'm just one of the players.\" \"", "Oh, great one, this isn't the real thing?\" \"", "No, it's a goosy situation, baby.\" \"", "Scott, damn it.\" \"", "Are you scared?\" \"", "Would I be scared?\" \"", "Oh Scott, I'm afraid.\" \"", "Cotton!\" \"", "Yeah, what the hell is going on?\" \"", "Oh, great one, oh, tell me everything.\" \"", "Tell me again from the time I was born in your arms.\" \"", "Will you let me bite your lip?\" \"", "Is it all right?\" \"", "Oh, I don't think it'll kill me.\" \"", "I don't know, it's pretty potent stuff.\" \"", "Let me try...\" \"What are you doing on your butts?\" \"", "Scott, he thinks he's having a heart attack.\" \"", "You bet you 1,000 to one he is.\" \"", "Maybe we better give him a couple of shots.\" \"", "Just in case.\" \"", "Just in case what?\" \"", "Just in case you need them.\" \"", "Pull up his shirt for me.\" \"", "This will have to go in the belly.\" \"", "Oh, goddamnit, not in the belly.\" \"", "In the arm, in the arm, Cotton.\" \"", "No, it's got to go in the belly part.\" \"", "Goddamnit, I'll kick you right in the head, Cotton.\" \"", "Not in the belly, that shot does not go in the belly!\" \"", "Stop it, just stop it now!\" \"", "Just this try to be brave part.\" \"", "Oh, brave.\" \"", "You know, honey, I was seeing one of those big rabies shots.\" \"", "You ever seen one of those?\" \"", "Yeah, yeah.\" \"", "Oh goddamnit, they're awesome things.\" \"", "Oh, Scott, this is the real thing, damn you.\" \"", "Listen, honey, if I have to go,\" \"what'll you do?\" \"", "I will not cry.\" \"", "I will not wear ugly black.\" \"", "And I will go forward with your strength and live life to the fullest, sir.\" \"", "You'll be good about this?\" \"", "Oh, I have to.\" \"", "Those are the rules.\" \"", "I sure would like to change them and take you with me.\" \"", "Oh, I'll go.\" \"", "But you're not going anywhere.\" \"", "Where am I now?\" \"", "I mean, what did it do to me?\" \"", "Well, you won't be playing King Kong anymore.\" \"", "What about Mighty Mouse?\" \"", "Don't know about Mighty Mouse yet.\" \"", "Oh, there's my baby.\" \"", "No, no, no.\" \"", "Might be catching.\" \"", "Will you shut up and listen to me?\" \"", "I don't want to listen to you.\" \"", "You're saying a lot of shit.\" \"", "Unfortunately, it is shit.\" \"", "Tough, ugly shit.\" \"", "And that's not all of it.\" \"", "Okay, you're saying my fucking heart's no good.\" \"", "I'm listening!\" \"", "The rest of it is that you don't get a new one.\" \"", "Of course you do.\" \"", "They do it every day.\" \"", "Not true.\" \"", "That's just not true.\" \"", "Over 60, you don't get a heart.\" \"", "You're joking.\" \"", "You're not joking.\" \"", "Who made that rule?\" \"", "I don't know, common sense, I guess.\" \"", "God!\" \"", "Can it be broken?\" \"", "Not really.\" \"", "Hey, what are you bawling about?\" \"", "It's just...\" \"Does she know about it?\" \"", "She's no dummy, Scott.\" \"", "Look at her.\" \"", "God, she's beautiful.\" \"", "Full of health.\" \"", "Damn it, son of a bitch.\" \"", "Katie, I hate for you to see me like this.\" \"", "The hell is that?\" \"", "What is that?\" \"", "Oh come on, not a number, for Christ's sake.\" \"", "They don't mean a goddamn... son of a bitch!\" \"", "Go ahead, inject him.\" \"", "You're a big boy, you know the facts and consequences.\" \"", "Facts and consequences my ass.\" \"", "Scotty, we love you and I want you to think about that.\" \"", "Kiss me, baby, kiss me.\" \"", "I'm sorry, Fred, I'm sorry.\" \"", "I'll be back soon, pal.\" \"", "Okay, okay.\" \"", "Helen, I'm sorry, I apologize.\" \"", "Just blew my top.\" \"", "Katie.\" \"", "That feels wonderful.\" \"", "Why do I love you so?\" \"", "Come on now.\" \"", "Give me the lip.\" \"", "This is a no no, no no.\" \"", "I'll tell you when it's a no no.\" \"", "Come on, put out your lip, put out your lip.\" \"", "Come on, I need.\" \"", "That makes me feel better.\" \"", "That's about it.\" \"", "All right, you make the changes and patch them to me.\" \"", "No, no, no, right here at the ranch.\" \"", "I need you.\" \"", "Right.\" \"", "Honey, that was beautiful.\" \"", "But a little more spur and a little less love and you might get a better performance out of him.\" \"", "Well, he's just being a bad boy today.\" \"", "Just like you sometimes.\" \"", "Maybe you're right.\" \"", "Let me see you ride him around again.\" \"", "Where have you been?\" \"", "Oh, I, uh, I went to visit an old sweetheart of mine.\" \"", "No, I just, just riding around, roaming.\" \"", "You're just a bad boy.\" \"", "Katie, let's go for a walk.\" \"", "But you can't.\" \"", "Why not?\" \"", "You just can't.\" \"", "Ah, come on.\" \"", "Can you?\" \"", "Katie, I want to go walking with you.\" \"", "You sure?\" \"", "I'm sure.\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "Well, who backs up first, you or me?\" \"", "You.\" \"", "Okay, boss.\" \"", "Come on.\" \"", "How do we jump over this?\" \"", "You're the genius.\" \"", "You'll figure something out.\" \"", "Goddamnit.\" \"", "Oh, goddamnit.\" \"", "Oh God,\" \"God, look how beautiful it is.\" \"", "I love this country.\" \"", "Katie, I want to ask your forgiveness.\" \"", "You're scaring me, great one.\" \"", "I just want you to remember all the good times.\" \"", "That's every single second.\" \"", "Once more.\" \"", "Not even once more.\" \"", "Oh, my love.\" \"", "A lot of good things are getting away from me, Katie.\" \"", "It's no big deal, Scott.\" \"", "You're right.\" \"", "It's no big deal.\" \"", "I'm no goddamn Hemingway.\" \"", "I'm not even Norman Mailer.\" \"", "Dear Katie.\" \"", "No, don't go up there!\" \"", "Please, Mrs. Scott, I think we ought to.\" \"", "No, don't go!\" \"", "Please let us.\" \"", "No, wait, no, don't come.\" \"", "Look at me.\" \"", "Don't come up here.\" \"", "Ma'am I think we should.\" \"", "Just go, please, just go!\" \"", "Katie, my love, I short changed you the other day when I said you put the cherry on my cake.\" \"", "You are my cake.\" \"", "And now I have to kiss you goodbye.\" \"", "Oh Scott, don't say these awful things.\" \"", "We are May\" \" December lovers and have been from day one.\" \"", "We used to joke about it, if and when, and you always said you'd forgive me if I felt this was necessary.\" \"", "Katie, it is necessary.\" \"", "I have no options.\" \"", "It's necessary that you hold me and love me, great one, you son of a bitch!\" \"", "Oh, Scott, love me.\" \"", "Oh, Scott, let me in, please.\" \"", "Oh God, what have I done?\" \"", "God never comes for suicides.\" \"", "It wasn't a suicide.\" \"", "It was a mercy killing.\" \"", "I gave myself a euthanasia shot.\" \"", "Very much against the rules.\" \"", "I don't like rules.\" \"", "How unusual.\" \"", "You must be the very first person who ever felt that way.\" \"", "Who are you?\" \"", "Well, the devil has her tail and angels have wings.\" \"", "You, you're an angel?\" \"", "Well, I must say, you're a gorgeous one.\" \"", "Thank you.\" \"", "Gorgeous is a nice word.\" \"", "I'm a fledgling angel.\" \"", "Oh.\" \"", "And you are my first case.\" \"", "Isn't that interesting?\" \"", "I was Katie's first case.\" \"", "They have shrouded themselves in sorrow.\" \"", "In his last hours in 1890, Crow Foot, the great warrior also buried here.\" \"", "Spoke of life, not of death.\" \"", "What is life?\" \"", "It is the flash of a firefly in the night.\" \"", "It is the breath of a buffalo in the winter time.\" \"", "Scott.\" \"", "Katie, take a deep breath and a deep, deep seat.\" \"", "Ta da!\" \"", "I'm back.\" \"", "Please look at me.\" \"", "It's me.\" \"", "I'm back.\" \"", "Don't be scared.\" \"", "Look, it's me.\" \"", "Remember how we used to joke and speculate about how it would be when I was dead?\" \"", "Well the joke is, it's exactly like that.\" \"", "Honey, you're wearing black and you're crying.\" \"", "And I thought there wasn't going to be any of that.\" \"", "I know, I'm sorry, Scott.\" \"", "They all insist that you be sad.\" \"", "But I am sad.\" \"", "I don't like that.\" \"", "Are you all right, Kate?\" \"", "Fine, I'm fine.\" \"", "Honey, now you've gone and done it.\" \"", "Just bow your head sadly.\" \"", "That'll make them all feel better.\" \"", "You'll have to go and do something.\" \"", "You know, they say it's mandatory, got all kinds of rules and laws up here.\" \"", "Will I see you again.\" \"", "Absolutely.\" \"", "You promise?\" \"", "I promise.\" \"", "Katie, do you...\" \"Do you still love me?\" \"", "Oh yes, I love you.\" \"", "I really want to thank you for this, this funeral.\" \"", "I mean, it's better than I imagined.\" \"", "I mean, right to the letter.\" \"", "I mean, the mountains, the buffalo robe, and I want to thank you for inviting Gambler.\" \"", "That was sweet.\" \"", "He shall return again and again, for he has never left us, he will live on.\" \"", "For the spirit knows no death.\" \"", "The spirit laughs at death.\" \"", "Our eyes will see him, for that is the way of all great spirits.\" \"", "So do not grieve, my brothers.\" \"", "Do not grieve, my sisters.\" \"", "Great Scott, the great Scott lives.\" \"", "Scott, hey, hey.\" \"", "Hey, look at the camera.\" \"", "That's great.\" \"", "You too, Scott.\" \"", "That's great.\" \"", "That's just terrific.\" \"", "God, you look good enough to eat.\" \"", "But of course that's probably out of the question now.\" \"", "Scott, am I doing this?\" \"", "Am I making you UP?\" \"", "Honey, I don't know the physics of the phenomenon.\" \"", "But are you dead?\" \"", "Yes, Katie, God was going to get me, so I beat him to it with a 12 gauge.\" \"", "But you could have taken pills.\" \"", "Real men don't eat quiche.\" \"", "Well that's fine for you, Scott.\" \"", "What about me?\" \"", "What am I going to do now?\" \"", "Stand up.\" \"", "Stand up on your feet.\" \"", "Come on, come on, stand up.\" \"", "Come on!\" \"", "Now, shoulders back.\" \"", "Straight back.\" \"", "Stand tall.\" \"", "Titties out.\" \"", "Now, where were we going before all this happened?\" \"", "I can't go there now.\" \"", "Honey, it's your favorite place in the whole world.\" \"", "I know, but I can't go.\" \"", "Why not?\" \"", "Well, because you're out there on the prairie.\" \"", "I'm not out there, I'm not here, I'm not anywhere.\" \"", "Honey, I'm not people.\" \"", "I'm just a ghost.\" \"", "Come on.\" \"", "Go on.\" \"", "Will you come?\" \"", "I'm sure going to try.\" \"", "That's the woman.\" \"", "She's the one, I'm sure, I'm certain of that.\" \"", "Katie, Katie, look.\" \"", "I'm here.\" \"", "Oh, Scott, I hate this.\" \"", "Damn you and your shotgun.\" \"", "She's talking to someone, but there is no one.\" \"", "Maybe on the land.\" \"", "Goddamnit, Katie, I was nothing but a goddamn piece of meat.\" \"", "Big bang was absolutely right.\" \"", "Well you were absolutely wrong.\" \"", "You are absolutely wrong.\" \"", "Look at you.\" \"", "You're here but you're not here.\" \"", "Yes, but I am here.\" \"", "Damn it, Scott, this stinks.\" \"", "No, you know what it really does?\" \"", "It sucks!\" \"", "Please, don't use that word.\" \"", "It sucks.\" \"", "I'll find a way.\" \"", "I'll work it out.\" \"", "I promise you.\" \"", "Promise me?\" \"", "You can't even swim with me.\" \"", "Honey, we'll do it all again.\" \"", "I can hardly feel it when you touch me.\" \"", "It's like a butterfly flew by.\" \"", "You're a ghost, Scott.\" \"", "Ghosts can't do it, it's that simple.\" \"", "Katie, please, please stop this kind of talk.\" \"", "You stop it.\" \"", "Stop it, stop it, stop it!\" \"", "You blew your head off, I didn't.\" \"", "And you did this to us, not me.\" \"", "Katie, will you shut up?\" \"", "Shut up yourself.\" \"", "Katie, will you listen to me?\" \"", "I'm listening.\" \"", "That's my girl.\" \"", "I'm your girl, all right.\" \"", "But you're not my man, you're my ghost.\" \"", "So you do believe I'm a ghost, huh?\" \"", "What else could you be?\" \"", "I mean, look at you.\" \"", "Honey, there are stories about ghosts that come back in another body.\" \"", "Oh Jesus, Scott, don't do that to me.\" \"", "Oh God, don't do that.\" \"", "If it's possible, I want to try.\" \"", "Just think about it.\" \"", "In another body?\" \"", "You mean you'd take another body and with this body you'd make love to me?\" \"", "You bet I would.\" \"", "I mean, if it's possible.\" \"", "I don't know, Scott.\" \"", "That's kinky stuff.\" \"", "We've never been kinky.\" \"", "Honey, we could get married again.\" \"", "I mean, God, wouldn't that be wonderful?\" \"", "What would you look like?\" \"", "Look like?\" \"", "Yes, look like.\" \"", "That's important.\" \"", "Would you be young?\" \"", "If you were offered a choice, would you choose a young man?\" \"", "You know, Scott, I've never really had one before.\" \"", "Are you kidding?\" \"", "I was only 50.\" \"", "How young?\" \"", "I think very.\" \"", "Will he be blond or brunet, redhead?\" \"", "Will he be tall, short?\" \"", "Whoa, hello there!\" \"", "Great, I must look like I'm crazy talking to a beach full of sand.\" \"", "Do you need any help?\" \"", "Is there anything I can do?\" \"", "No thank you!\" \"", "I was just trying to remember a poem.\" \"", "From here you look like a very beautiful person!\" \"", "Wish there was something I could do!\" \"", "No thank you, I'm fine, thank you!\" \"", "Fuck off, kid!\" \"", "Ciao!\" \"", "Oh, she's so...\" \"Look Katie, I've been thinking, wouldn't it be wonderful if we found someone that looked like me?\" \"", "I mean, just a little bit?\" \"", "Okay, maybe younger.\" \"", "I can't talk to you here, I'd look like an idiot.\" \"", "I like you when you're listening.\" \"", "I've done more than my share of that.\" \"", "What are you saying, Katie?\" \"", "I didn't say that.\" \"", "I couldn't have said that.\" \"", "I love to hear you talk.\" \"", "God, I love you.\" \"", "I never loved anybody before.\" \"", "Well, not as much.\" \"", "I know that now.\" \"", "Now you know this?\" \"", "Well.\" \"", "It is marvelous to see you, Mrs. Scott.\" \"", "May I sit with you for a moment, please?\" \"", "Of course, your honor, please do.\" \"", "Oh, this is going to take a lot of getting used to.\" \"", "You know that when we heard of the tragedy, we all gathered here, all of us for a memorial.\" \"", "Many tears were shed.\" \"", "I'm sure he would have liked that very much.\" \"", "Actually I would have.\" \"", "We are so pleased that you are back.\" \"", "And you know, you should treat every foot of this island as your home.\" \"", "Well thank you, we love your island very much.\" \"", "That makes me very happy.\" \"", "Oh, I'm pleased to hear that.\" \"", "Good evening, your honor.\" \"", "Good evening, Mr. Garibaldi.\" \"", "Would you introduce us or could I introduce myself?\" \"", "Katie, look at this.\" \"", "Look at this kid.\" \"", "Yes, of course, let me do the introductions.\" \"", "Mrs. Scott, this is Mr. Garibaldi.\" \"", "My name is Fausto.\" \"", "You're Fausto all right.\" \"", "And mine is Kate.\" \"", "Fausto, Katie.\" \"", "Take your hand away, he's romancing you.\" \"", "Are you romancing me, Fausto?\" \"", "Katie, what, are you nuts?\" \"", "Look at the kid.\" \"", "He's coming all over himself.\" \"", "Yes, I, your beauty demands it.\" \"", "Oh, you're the young man who saw me on the beach working on my poem.\" \"", "Yes, I saw that and I was fortunate enough to see much more.\" \"", "Oh, goddamnit, never, never.\" \"", "Now look, Katie, don't you fuck around with this kid.\" \"", "That would kill me.\" \"", "Would you like to dance?\" \"", "No thank you, I think I should get home and go to bed early.\" \"", "Oh, I'd like that even better.\" \"", "That's all, you son of a bitch.\" \"", "What did you say your name was?\" \"", "Fausto.\" \"", "No, Senor what?\" \"", "Garibaldi.\" \"", "Well good night, Senor Garibaldi.\" \"", "That was fantastic.\" \"", "I love it.\" \"", "Tell me, how many of those do you have?\" \"", "A bunch.\" \"", "Well, they shouldn't be here.\" \"", "They should be in a vault in New York or Hong Kong.\" \"", "No, if it were vaulted in New York or Hong Kong then I couldn't play with them.\" \"", "How much are they worth?\" \"", "Well the sultan wants that big mama very badly.\" \"", "But he always gets everything he wants, and I don't think that's very good for a person.\" \"", "Everything in here, if prices are holding up,\" \"$1,375,000 without the O'Dare.\" \"", "Oh, that's very impressive.\" \"", "Well, you'd better get them off the island.\" \"", "Most of them will be going soon.\" \"", "The buyers are coming in and they're going to fight over them.\" \"", "They were just honoring the untimely blowing off of your head.\" \"", "Darling, you're now the chairman of the board.\" \"", "My entire empire.\" \"", "The whole damn thing.\" \"", "You know, this isn't a five and dime operation.\" \"", "I mean, you'll have to, god, you'll have to work.\" \"", "I shouldn't have hit him like that.\" \"", "But it was fun.\" \"", "Boom, bang, just like Sugar Ray.\" \"", "I should have been a boxer.\" \"", "Have you any idea of how much money we're worth?\" \"", "Must be a ton because an awful lot of very important people are always kissing your beautiful little ass.\" \"", "Honey, $2 billion.\" \"", "That's 2 billion.\" \"", "Why don't you go get a body and ravish me?\" \"", "Just like the old days.\" \"", "I'll wait right here.\" \"", "I'll bet you it can be done.\" \"", "I just don't want to leave you alone with that Fausto.\" \"", "Then zap him and use his body.\" \"", "Zap him?\" \"", "You really like that punk, huh?\" \"", "Oh, no, but his face when you take him out of it is really quite nice.\" \"", "And I can't tell for sure, but his body looks like it might be a lot better than just good.\" \"", "She's right, he's not too bad.\" \"", "Besides, Katie likes the way he's put together.\" \"", "He's kind of young for her, but what the hell.\" \"", "It's her turn now.\" \"", "And the question is, how do I kick him out?\" \"", "I've got it, I've got it.\" \"", "All we have to do is possess him.\" \"", "Find a way to zap him.\" \"", "My god, Scott.\" \"", "What the hell is he doing here?\" \"", "Oh, honey, we can have fun with that body.\" \"", "Fausto, your body is mine.\" \"", "Tell him to use sunblock.\" \"", "I don't want to die of skin cancer.\" \"", "You will like him, Katie.\" \"", "I saw him go skinny dipping the other night.\" \"", "Oh please, Scott, stop it.\" \"", "Now see what you've made me do.\" \"", "All right, all right, you tell him your problem.\" \"", "All right, I will.\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "You must think I'm crazy talking to myself.\" \"", "Well, I'm not.\" \"", "I'm talking to the ghost of my dead husband.\" \"", "He's right there.\" \"", "You do think I'm crazy.\" \"", "All right, you were skinny dipping last night.\" \"", "How about that?\" \"", "So, I was skinny dipping.\" \"", "Well how did I know about it?\" \"", "I guess you were on the beach.\" \"", "No, I was in bed.\" \"", "He saw you.\" \"", "Well, if you say so.\" \"", "Oh, I do say so.\" \"", "Do you know what he wants?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "Oh shit.\" \"", "He wants to possess your body.\" \"", "Honey, honey, I don't think he's quite grasping it.\" \"", "Well then you tell him.\" \"", "I prefer you possess me.\" \"", "See, I don't think he's following us.\" \"", "I can't do it.\" \"", "I'm not strong enough.\" \"", "And I'm not wise enough.\" \"", "But it doesn't take brains.\" \"", "You know, you have a nice head of hair.\" \"", "It'll be nice to have that again.\" \"", "Look, I was just joking.\" \"", "Well I'm not, get away from me.\" \"", "How are your teeth?\" \"", "Mr. Garibaldi, I don't like you.\" \"", "That's good, not too tough.\" \"", "Don't drive him too far away.\" \"", "Scott, please.\" \"", "But I'm just anxious.\" \"", "My angel says I only have a couple of days.\" \"", "So what do you say?\" \"", "All right.\" \"", "You want to know what the crazy lady and her dead husband talk about?\" \"", "I'll tell you and you'll probably like this part.\" \"", "He says you're not bad looking.\" \"", "Where is he?\" \"", "I'd like to thank him.\" \"", "There.\" \"", "Thank you.\" \"", "You're welcome.\" \"", "And then we discuss a quick way for you to die.\" \"", "How do you like it so far?\" \"", "Well, just the handsome part.\" \"", "He just said not bad looking.\" \"", "What do you think?\" \"", "Well, the outside's fine.\" \"", "But the inside appears to stink.\" \"", "Honey, you don't have to insult him.\" \"", "Kate!\" \"", "Honey, look, it's Win.\" \"", "What a surprise, Winston!\" \"", "Hey, Katie!\" \"", "Win, Winston!\" \"", "Why are you so happy?\" \"", "I'm so glad to see him.\" \"", "Let me look at you.\" \"", "You've held up pretty well.\" \"", "Those were his orders.\" \"", "You're more beautiful than ever.\" \"", "How many times have you said that in your long life, Win?\" \"", "We haven't met.\" \"", "I'm Winston Hill.\" \"", "Fausto Garibaldi.\" \"", "Come on, Win, I want to show you around.\" \"", "Is there room for four on this boat?\" \"", "No, you're right, four would slump us.\" \"", "You'd better swim.\" \"", "Oh, I'm sorry, I should have stayed on board.\" \"", "No, you should be right where you are.\" \"", "No, no, no, Win should go home and the kid should stay here and be wrapped up in cotton until we need him.\" \"", "Kate, when I heard, I was stunned.\" \"", "Well, what else would the great Scott do?\" \"", "He loved Hemingway.\" \"", "He always admired the way Hemingway did it.\" \"", "But he's all right now.\" \"", "I have it on good authority he's an angel first class.\" \"", "On his way to becoming a good looking, dark haired young man.\" \"", "Win, something you should look into.\" \"", "He sure loved you.\" \"", "I still do.\" \"", "What are you doing here, Win?\" \"", "Are you taking a vacation?\" \"", "No, I came to see you.\" \"", "Me?\" \"", "You've come halfway around the world just to see me?\" \"", "I wanted to talk to you in person about Scott's business, your business now.\" \"", "I tried to understand it, but I never really could.\" \"", "He would sit me down and try to teach me, but\" \"I just wanted to love him and take him outside and enjoy and play with all this.\" \"", "And you did too, and he loved it.\" \"", "You made him the luckiest man on the face of the earth.\" \"", "He was envied for his beautiful Katie.\" \"", "I wish I could have done all that for him.\" \"", "And I wish his empire could have excited me.\" \"", "Wait a minute, let's hear what he has to say about the boring empire.\" \"", "Well, I'm afraid now you're going to have to give it your complete attention.\" \"", "Tell me.\" \"", "Well, everybody's after it, bits and pieces of it, raiders.\" \"", "Christ, I'm not cold yet and everybody wants to gobble me up.\" \"", "What can I do about it?\" \"", "Well you're chairman of the board.\" \"", "You sit on all the bits and pieces.\" \"", "You have to stop them.\" \"", "But I have no idea how to do that.\" \"", "I'll show you.\" \"", "Katie, you have to go to Hong Kong right away.\" \"", "I think I should go to Hong Kong right away.\" \"", "I was just going to say that, Hong Kong.\" \"", "And don't forget, you be all the woman that you are.\" \"", "Boggle their brains.\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "Now don't be afraid to be a woman.\" \"", "It's a deadly weapon, so use it.\" \"", "You used my exact words.\" \"", "Exact words.\" \"", "Well I hope I make you all proud.\" \"", "It's after you and after you and after me.\" \"", "Well, gentlemen, I hope I was clear and not too vacant headed, because from the look of this room, it isn't woman's work we're doing here today, is it?\" \"", "It has been decided that there is no point that can be argued.\" \"", "The point is based as it is stated.\" \"", "It's not ambiguous.\" \"", "There's no room for any rhetoric.\" \"", "You must yield.\" \"", "Must?\" \"", "Who the fuck are you?\" \"", "I never saw you before.\" \"", "Must, who the fuck are you?\" \"", "I've never even seen you before.\" \"", "Don't come down to their level.\" \"", "Where does that have a bearing on the point of issue?\" \"", "Tell him we're going back to the Indian ocean to put away their knives and go home.\" \"", "Now I would suggest you put away your knives.\" \"", "You haven't got one sharp enough to carve up a Scott.\" \"", "The great Scott lives on in me.\" \"", "And believe me, this city will be reduced to dust before you will best me.\" \"", "Does Tai Pan ring a bell?\" \"", "This has been interesting.\" \"", "Tomorrow at 11:00 we will vote and that will settle it for now.\" \"", "But be assured, Mrs. Scott, that in this room there are knives sharp enough to cut you to the bone.\" \"", "And hearts cold enough to eat yours as hors d'oeuvres.\" \"", "You bet your sweet little ass, honey.\" \"", "You're too pretty to eat that.\" \"", "You noticed.\" \"", "You've got him, honey.\" \"", "I'm sorry I'm so shy, I'm embarrassed.\" \"", "So am I.\" \"The tango!\" \"", "When you say dance, you mean dance with a capital D.\" \"I love it!\" \"", "I can see that, but seriously, Win,\" \"Scott and I never danced a step.\" \"", "He hated it.\" \"", "You can't hate it.\" \"", "No, I love it, but I don't think I could really dance with someone.\" \"", "It was so long ago when I was just a little girl.\" \"", "It'll all come back to you.\" \"", "Come on.\" \"", "How can it come back to me?\" \"", "I've never done this before.\" \"", "Well, you're going to love it.\" \"", "All right, so you don't love it.\" \"", "I'm sorry, Win.\" \"", "I've just never been with another man before.\" \"", "Not even to dance with.\" \"", "I understand.\" \"", "Someday, maybe not now, but someday, you're going to have to, Kate.\" \"", "Son of a bitch.\" \"", "Would you like to go for a swim?\" \"", "I have been swimming with men before.\" \"", "Are there any other choices?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "No.\" \"", "Let's swim.\" \"", "The pool should be empty at this time.\" \"", "No, no actually I shouldn't be swimming or dancing.\" \"", "That's right, he can't, he can't swim or dance.\" \"", "There are a lot of calls to be made about tomorrow's vote.\" \"", "Well I'll help you.\" \"", "No, no you go on with your swim and afterward we'll talk strategy.\" \"", "You sure?\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "Yeah, I'm sure.\" \"", "How long you going to stay in?\" \"", "Should I get out?\" \"", "No, no, no.\" \"", "You stay in.\" \"", "I'm going to see some of my old buddies.\" \"", "Katie, are you all right?\" \"", "I don't think I am all right.\" \"", "You're doing fine, honey.\" \"", "No, Scott and Kate.\" \"", "It was like what worked.\" \"", "It's not all right with just Kate.\" \"", "It's still Scott and Kate!\" \"", "It always will be.\" \"", "Will you kiss me?\" \"", "Honey, you won't hear bells ring.\" \"", "They haven't stopped ringing since the first time you kissed me.\" \"", "Did I make bells ring for you?\" \"", "Oh honey, you made life ring for me.\" \"", "Broad's a fucking fruitcake.\" \"", "Yeah, right.\" \"", "We can count on you then?\" \"", "Put the fucking phone down.\" \"", "Oh my god, oh my god.\" \"", "I'm sorry, but you scared me to death.\" \"", "This is the ladies locker room.\" \"", "The mens is down the hall.\" \"", "You're not lost, are you?\" \"", "You're right where you want to be.\" \"", "And I'm in trouble.\" \"", "I won't hurt you unless you make me.\" \"", "Why would I want to make you hurt me?\" \"", "Yeah, why would you?\" \"", "Just don't scream again, do exactly as I tell you, and you might come out okay.\" \"", "No, no, I can't let you rape me.\" \"", "Oh no.\" \"", "Oh.\" \"", "Hi there.\" \"", "What makes you think I want to rape you?\" \"", "Because there are a lot of rapists in the world.\" \"", "Yeah, yeah, there are a lot.\" \"", "Lot of killings too.\" \"", "Yes there are, but there are more rapes.\" \"", "All right, whatever.\" \"", "Look, I don't want to argue with you.\" \"", "You probably know more than me anyway.\" \"", "I know you didn't come here to kill me.\" \"", "You said, you said, and this is almost exactly what you said if you don't scream and if you do as you're told, you won't get hurt.\" \"", "Now that's not murder.\" \"", "No, you came here to rape me.\" \"", "Oh, you want to get raped?\" \"", "Yes, every day if my other choice is killed.\" \"", "I want you to be good, so very, very good.\" \"", "I could hear you scream clear across town.\" \"", "Oh Scott, you came just in time.\" \"", "For God's sake, you're bare ass naked.\" \"", "Well I'm sorry, but I was running for my life.\" \"", "Who's the seedy looking bastard?\" \"", "Well he wants to rape me, or kill.\" \"", "I don't really know what he wants, Scott.\" \"", "What do you want?\" \"", "All I want you to do is to take two little pills.\" \"", "It's so simple.\" \"", "I'm not going to take any pills.\" \"", "Of course you're not.\" \"", "You'd never make the meeting.\" \"", "That's why Chan sent this goddamn goon here.\" \"", "That's why I told him I wouldn't take any.\" \"", "But how am I not going to take any pills?\" \"", "Katie, if you were only a man and these were the good old days.\" \"", "Oh god, I'd pow!\" \"", "But I'm not a man and these aren't the good old days and how am I not going to take them?\" \"", "You watch me, watch me.\" \"", "Watch you?\" \"", "I can hardly see you.\" \"", "You know, sometimes you're almost impossible to see.\" \"", "Pretend to take them and put them inside your mouth.\" \"", "Yes, but that's a very old trick.\" \"", "Come on, look at him.\" \"", "He won't know the difference.\" \"", "Look at him.\" \"", "Okay, now you take these two little pills, you see?\" \"", "These two little pills.\" \"", "And then we'll put you beddy-byes, all right?\" \"", "Take the pills.\" \"", "All right.\" \"", "Come on, take them.\" \"", "There seems to be no way to avoid these pretty pills.\" \"", "So here they go.\" \"", "All right, swallow the fucking pills or I'm going to give it to you like the suppository!\" \"", "Katie, don't!\" \"", "Or I'll give it to you like a suppository.\" \"", "Honey, you've got to fight the pills.\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "Will you help me?\" \"", "I can't hold you up.\" \"", "You're on your own.\" \"", "Of course.\" \"", "I'm sorry.\" \"", "Get some clothes and let's get out of here.\" \"", "Now, I've been down the shaft and it's perfect.\" \"", "All you've got to do is take a deep breath and think.\" \" ", "I can't.\" \" ", "Think!\" \"", "I'm awake.\" \"", "I'm awake.\" \"", "But I'm not really.\" \"", "That's bullshit, Katie, and you know it!\" \"", "All you gotta do is think, I'm awake!\" \"", "Come on, I'm awake.\" \"", "I hope I can do it right.\" \"", "Katie, you can if you want to.\" \"", "God, it's that simple.\" \"", "I know, that's what you always said.\" \"", "So where's our new body?\" \"", "That is not...\" \"That is not that simple.\" \"", "Well, we busted their balls.\" \"", "Did I win?\" \"", "I did, didn't I?\" \"", "You were good.\" \"", "I read your book.\" \"", "And I won, I did.\" \"", "I beat you.\" \"", "You were very good.\" \"", "You played the situation perfectly.\" \"", "So I beat the situation, but not you.\" \"", "That's what you did.\" \"", "I think you like to make mischief.\" \"", "You noticed that too.\" \"", "Winston!\" \"", "Kate!\" \"", "Hey, Winston.\" \"", "Kate, I'm sorry!\" \"", "I was late, I missed it.\" \"", "No, it's all right.\" \"", "We beat him, Scott said we busted their balls.\" \"", "You won and Scott said?\" \"", "The pirates retreated.\" \"", "Hey, wait a second.\" \"", "You single handedly beat that room full of sharks?\" \"", "Yes, but I had good coaching.\" \"", "Well, it really wasn't one of my best days.\" \"", "No, I might have told you a thing or two, but not enough to win the day.\" \"", "No Win, you told me marvelous things.\" \"", "But Scott also helped me.\" \"", "He told me exactly what to say.\" \"", "You know, baby, he thinks you're cuckoo.\" \"", "Oh Win, I'm not losing my marbles.\" \"", "Don't worry, if you do I'll pick them up for you.\" \"", "Now she doesn't need you to pick them up.\" \"", "I'm going to go home now to the islands.\" \"", "Oh, I'll see you get there safely.\" \"", "No you don't, I take her there.\" \"", "Well that's sweet, but it's not just across town.\" \"", "Kate.\" \"", "I've always loved you, I'm sure you've known that.\" \"", "Just being around you for a while would be like Christmas for me.\" \"", "Don't say no.\" \"", "You say no, loud and clear.\" \"", "You love me?\" \"", "I never knew.\" \"", "Well, your Scott always was a blinding light.\" \"", "Well, that's very nice of you, Win.\" \"", "Are you packed?\" \"", "Am I packed?\" \"", "Five minutes.\" \"", "Earlier you mentioned love, Win.\" \"", "You can't talk love to him.\" \"", "Love is a big word.\" \"", "Love is our word.\" \"", "I've loved you for as long as he has.\" \"", "Will you stop this talk, both of you?\" \"", "Oh, you stop it.\" \"", "I'm sorry, Win, not you.\" \"", "But he's here in the plane with us.\" \"", "And he thinks love is our word.\" \"", "Well, it is, it always has been.\" \"", "You see, even he knows it.\" \"", "Katie, I can't stand this kind of talk from you.\" \"", "Well you could sit out on the wing for a minute and then you wouldn't hear.\" \"", "I'll go out and try to behave.\" \"", "Why did God make you so young?\" \"", "Because you probably wouldn't have accepted me any other way.\" \"", "Just be careful.\" \"", "You've got a...\" \"We've got a good thing going.\" \"", "Don't let go of it yet.\" \"", "Are you watching my marbles fall out, Win?\" \"", "Uh-huh, but I'm sure you've got plenty left.\" \"", "Oh, I don't know about plenty.\" \"", "Are we all right?\" \"", "Are we still history's greatest lovers?\" \"", "The way you put it, we're hanging in.\" \"", "I'm sorry, Win.\" \"", "Our friendly ghost is back.\" \"", "I heard.\" \"", "You heard him?\" \"", "No, I heard you!\" \"", "Oh, of course me.\" \"", "See, if I waited to talk to him only when no one was listening, I'd go crazy because he's always talking to me.\" \"", "I feel like you're a kite that's about to catch a strong gust of wind and be torn from me forever.\" \"", "I won't be that kite.\" \"", "You've turned away the wolves.\" \"", "You're an amazing young lady.\" \"", "Thank you, Win.\" \"", "Come on, let's dance.\" \"", "No, Win, I can't.\" \"", "Ah, come on.\" \"", "No, Win, you know I can't.\" \"", "Please.\" \"", "I'm sorry.\" \"", "Well you're fantastic.\" \"", "You like that kind of stuff?\" \"", "Well yes, Scott, a little bit sometimes.\" \"", "Come on, dance with me.\" \"", "Really?\" \"", "Really.\" \"", "What are you doing?\" \"", "Well I think I'm dancing, Scott.\" \"", "Babe, where'd you learn that?\" \"", "In the kitchen or the bathroom or wherever it wouldn't bother you.\" \"", "You said you didn't dance?\" \"!\" \"", "I don't, I never have!\" \"", "Not with a person.\" \"", "When I return, we're going to do this a lot.\" \"", "I'll have new legs then.\" \"", "Ooh, we're better than any of them.\" \"", "Even that kid with the one glove.\" \"", "Ooh, Katie!\" \"", "She making you lose it, Minister?\" \"", "Hear you talking to yourself.\" \"", "My god, what we've missed.\" \"", "Stop that!\" \"", "In God's name, I command you to stop!\" \"", "The devil is in you!\" \"", "What are you doing, reverend?\" \"", "Have you gone crazy?\" \"", "She is desecrating the Sabbath!\" \"", "It's Friday.\" \"", "Did you see her dance?\" \"", "Yes, it was like a mission.\" \"", "And then you came and stopped the music, reverend.\" \"", "Turn the music on, please.\" \"", "No.\" \"", "Yes, I want to see her dance.\" \"", "No, God says no!\" \"", "No, it's all right, reverend.\" \"", "It's all right.\" \"", "Your she devil won't dance any more tonight.\" \"", "Yes!\" \"", "Praise God!\" \"", "Hold me and I will take the devil from your body.\" \"", "Praise God, I can feel it happening.\" \"", "Thank you, reverend.\" \"", "It's over, he's gone.\" \"", "Thank you.\" \"", "It's over.\" \"", "I'm at peace now.\" \"", "Yes, yes.\" \"", "I could feel him enter my body.\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "God will deal with him now.\" \"", "Kate, if you want to dance, dance.\" \"", "Of course, it's not even Sunday.\" \"", "Come on, honey.\" \"", "Ask him to play some slow dance.\" \"", "May we have slow music now?\" \"", "That loud thing over there does not make slow music.\" \"", "But I'll make it for you, yes, I will.\" \"", "Kate.\" \"", "Kate.\" \"", "What are you doing?\" \"", "Scott just wanted to slow dance.\" \"", "It's our first time.\" \"", "I love it.\" \"", "Are you having a good time?\" \"", "The time of my life.\" \"", "Katie.\" \"", "Katie.\" \"", "I want a decision now.\" \"", "But I can't kill him.\" \"", "You know I hate to even swat a fly.\" \"", "Nobody's going to come forward and donate his body.\" \"", "He's with us again now, isn't he?\" \"", "Yes, Win.\" \"", "Katie, you know, after all the research,\" \"I've found rat poison is the simplest.\" \"", "He certainly gave you paradise.\" \"", "I can't stand to see a man slump like a sack of shit on a horse or an elephant.\" \"", "Can you imagine rat poison?\" \"", "No, of course she didn't invent the black pearl.\" \"", "But who cared about it before?\" \"", "Nobody.\" \"", "Now she's turned it into something real special.\" \"", "But did she have to dive for them with nothing on.\" \"", "They say she's stark ass naked.\" \"", "Well that's no big deal.\" \"", "So she's wild and crazy.\" \"", "And that great surgeon, what's his name?\" \"", "You know the one.\" \"", "What, the breasts too?\" \"", "Absolutely breasts.\" \"", "Darling, who in the world but you and me haven't done their breasts?\" \"", "Well that's true.\" \"", "Hello!\" \"", "I'm Kate Scott.\" \"", "Thank you for coming so far to see my pearls.\" \"", "Remember how I could hit the ball?\" \"", "Ha, got you.\" \"", "No, no.\" \"", "Come on now, dig in and get it.\" \"", "All right, watch this one now.\" \"", "Katie, you were great and will be again.\" \"", "I'm only living for that moment.\" \"", "For what moment?\" \"", "Oh, I was just talking with my ghost.\" \"", "Your husband?\" \"", "Mm-hmm.\" \"", "It happens like that with great loves.\" \"", "You know, neither can let the other go.\" \"", "Hey, she's not only good looking, she's no dummy.\" \"", "Ask her if she knows anything about possession.\" \"", "He wants to know if you know anything about possession.\" \"", "Is he looking for a body?\" \"", "You know about it?\" \"", "I'm a white witch.\" \"", "A white witch?\" \"", "Well can you see him?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "But I think I can feel him.\" \"", "Hi, I'm Fausto Garibaldi.\" \"", "Sabine Justin.\" \"", "I think Fausto and Sabine should dance sometime.\" \"", "No, there is an obvious reason why this won't happen.\" \"", "I have absolutely no desire to dance with you.\" \"", "Oh, you'll watch me and you'll scream in your dreams, Fausto, I love you.\" \"", "And I'll forgive you, Sabine.\" \"", "Oh no, no, no!\" \"", "We win!\" \"", "You hustle real good, Miss Scott.\" \"", "You can stay and play in the game.\" \"", "What?\" \"", "Well, that should be a body worth considering.\" \"", "That's the one he picked.\" \"", "He liked the hair and the teeth and the rest, I guess.\" \"", "Well how do you feel about it?\" \"", "I don't know.\" \"", "You do realize you can only occupy a body at the actual moment of death.\" \"", "I guess so.\" \"", "But how's this death going to happen?\" \"", "Rat poison.\" \"", "Rat poison.\" \"", "Rat poison?\" \"", "Excuse me, but I do have some shopping to do.\" \"", "Okay, I'll see you later.\" \"", "Katie, that should be easy for you.\" \"", "He's absolutely worthless.\" \"", "He's full of vanity, nothing more.\" \"", "Scott, I need to think about this all by myself.\" \"", "The outsider, that is what we need.\" \"", "You could have such fun with that body.\" \"", "Oh, shut up, Scott!\" \"", "Shut up?\" \"", "Katie, shut up?\" \"", "No, I didn't say that.\" \"", "I said I have to think about this all by myself.\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "Fair enough.\" \"", "You want it, you got it.\" \"", "I love you.\" \"", "You should, Katie.\" \"", "When you're over here, looking back, you know.\" \"", "You know what love is.\" \"", "It's what we always said it was.\" \"", "It's everything.\" \"", "Only it takes two.\" \"", "Well I'm going to think about this now, Scott.\" \"", "But all by myself.\" \"", "Did you dance with Katie like this?\" \"", "I can never dance with Katie like this.\" \"", "Maybe it is a difficult thing.\" \"", "But that Mickey Mouse contraption she has invented got it.\" \"", "It's quite cunning, I feel.\" \"", "I'm awfully greedy.\" \"", "I want the whole thing.\" \"", "You are a killer.\" \"", "I think I'm going to go see the widow Scott.\" \"", "I mix a little drink of rat poison and papaya.\" \"", "And then I hand it to him.\" \"", "I smile and his dirty eyes smile back.\" \"", "And he drinks it all down.\" \"", "But then he looks at me in disbelief as it dawns on him that I poisoned him.\" \"", "He staggers back, falling.\" \"", "Struggling, in horrible pain.\" \"", "And then he dies.\" \"", "But then the great one slips into his body.\" \"", "And he's up like a shot, eyes twinkling and bright.\" \"", "Then he sweeps me into his arms and then he carries me to bed.\" \"", "And looks deep into my eyes.\" \"", "And says, \"Don't be afraid, Katie.\"\" \"\"", "I'm not...\"\" \"Fausto.\" \"", "Oh!\" \"", "Fausto, Mrs. Scott.\" \"", "Doing your poetry again?\" \"", "Yes, don't go in the light.\" \"", "Why, will the bells ring?\" \"", "That's Scott's house.\" \"", "That sounds bad.\" \"", "This the O'Dare?\" \"", "Hard to believe this is really the largest black pearl in the whole world.\" \"", "Of course it's the largest.\" \"", "You're a bastard, Fausto, a selfish, rotten bastard!\" \"", "Get a gun.\" \"", "Get a gun!\" \"", "This punk's up to no good.\" \"", "All right, get out.\" \"", "No, like you said, I'm a selfish, rotten bastard.\" \"", "Get a gun, get a gun!\" \"", "Yes, yes I will.\" \"", "I'll get a gun.\" \"", "More of your poetry, Mrs. Scott?\" \"", "Hold on tight now!\" \"", "Good girl.\" \"", "A look at that should make him go limp.\" \"", "All right, out of here now, damn it.\" \"", "Do you really think a gorgeous thing like you could shoot a gorgeous thing like me?\" \"", "Fausto!\" \"", "What, Mrs. Scott?\" \"", "Shoot!\" \"", "But I can't shoot!\" \"", "Why, Mrs. Scott?\" \"", "Move the gun a little over to the right.\" \"", "Put it on his heart!\" \"", "I can't.\" \"", "Squeeze the trigger.\" \"", "And in one second we could be together forever.\" \"", "I know.\" \"", "Oh, oh no.\" \"", "Oh my god.\" \"", "My god, it was all there.\" \"", "I know, and I want it so bad.\" \"", "Well you don't have to want anymore.\" \"", "This selfish bastard will give you what you want.\" \"", "And much more.\" \"", "No!\" \"", "God, you're sloppy.\" \"", "You're better than that.\" \"", "This isn't make believe!\" \"", "He's not my instructor!\" \"", "Put an end to it!\" \"", "That was a really good try, real good.\" \"", "Fausto, go home!\" \"", "I hope you're as much fun in bed as you are getting you there.\" \"", "You should have shot him.\" \"", "If you don't shut up I'll shoot you.\" \"", "We've already been through that.\" \"", "Am I hearing shut up again?\" \"", "Yes, shut up and let me fight!\" \"", "All right, get him!\" \"", "We're out of gas!\" \"", "Hit him with a club.\" \"", "Grab the club and hit him.\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "Are you going to use that club like you use the gun?\" \"", "Yeah, yeah.\" \"", "Hit him, now!\" \"", "Katie, now!\" \"", "I can't!\" \"", "Yes you can!\" \"", "I can't!\" \"", "This is perfect.\" \"", "Now get the poison.\" \"", "Stop!\" \"", "Come on.\" \"", "Stop!\" \"", "Where is it?\" \"", "There.\" \"", "Oh.\" \"", "Pull his lips open and pour it in.\" \"", "Yes, his lips, I know, open them.\" \"", "Pull his lips open and pour it in.\" \"", "Oh, okay, okay, no problem.\" \"", "Yes, God, then God, do it!\" \"", "Oh, I can't.\" \"", "Goddamnit, son of a bitch!\" \"", "I'm sorry.\" \"", "I don't need sorry.\" \"", "I need, I need that body.\" \"", "And I want you to have it.\" \"", "If you love me greatly and I mean greatly, as you always claimed, that boy lying there would be me.\" \"", "Now unless the little son of a bitch commits suicide, as you kids say, I am out of here.\" \"", "No!\" \"", "I am history!\" \"", "No!\" \"", "Kate?\" \"", "Katie, what happened?\" \"", "Kate, is he dead?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "But he should be.\" \"", "He will be, Scott!\" \"", "Kate?\" \"", "Oh, Winston.\" \"", "Are you all right?\" \"", "Katie, is he here?\" \"", "Who?\" \"", "Your husband.\" \"", "I hurt him and he left.\" \"", "He's dead.\" \"", "I'm sure he must be dead.\" \"", "No, no, he's not dead.\" \"", "I can feel his heartbeat very strongly.\" \"", "Are you all right?\" \"", "I'm trying to be, Winston.\" \"", "What ever happened here?\" \"", "Well, I hit him with a club.\" \"", "But not hard enough.\" \"", "Why'd you have to hit him?\" \"", "Well, he attacked me and we fought, and...\" \"Oh, what a bad boy he is.\" \"", "I'm arresting him now and putting him behind bars, and then I will find some suitable punishment for him.\" \"", "Oh, I'm so sorry.\" \"", "You did very well to subdue him.\" \"", "Very well indeed.\" \"", "I hit him with the war club, but my eyes were closed or I would have done it much better.\" \"", "Better would have killed him.\" \"", "Oh yes, I'm sure it would have.\" \"", "All right, everybody, come on, let's go!\" \"", "Everything's under control here.\" \"", "Just go back to the party and have a good time.\" \"", "There's nothing more to see here.\" \"", "Just go back to the party.\" \"", "Are you sure, Mrs. Scott, that you'll...\" \"She almost killed me.\" \"", "I should have.\" \"", "I'll regret the rest of my life that I didn't!\" \"", "Winston, get him out of here.\" \"", "We'll see you in a while.\" \"", "Kate?\" \"", "I'll be okay.\" \"", "He's really gone.\" \"", "But why?\" \"", "Have I gone crazy?\" \"", "I'm sure under the circumstances, for a moment anybody would.\" \"", "No, because if I were crazy, I would have been talking to myself and I wasn't.\" \"", "So I'm not!\" \"", "But that means the dirty son of a bitch has left me.\" \"", "Katie, why should he leave you?\" \"", "Because I couldn't kill Fausto.\" \"", "Oh, I wish I had!\" \"", "All right, now listen, Katie, you didn't and he's gone, but somehow you have got to live on.\" \"", "He has my heart.\" \"", "How can I live without a heart?\" \"", "Most people do it quite easily.\" \"", "I'll die.\" \"", "Is there no way I can talk to God, man to man, directly?\" \"", "Mm-mm.\" \"", "Could Katie?\" \"", "She could try.\" \"", "It's a very busy line.\" \"", "I can imagine.\" \"", "Well.\" \"", "I have to tell you something important.\" \"", "You have one foot in hell.\" \"", "And if you continue to incite violence, you just may end up in that big bad red pit.\" \"", "Listen, tell me, how do I get life back?\" \"", "You can't.\" \"", "Come on, of course you can.\" \"", "You can possess a body.\" \"", "What I'm trying to tell you is people are afraid to death to die, right?\" \"", "First thing they do is to try to get back down there.\" \"", "Either through reincarnation or possession.\" \"", "But you can't do that.\" \"", "Those are fairy tales.\" \"", "I have to get back.\" \"", "Eternity without her is, it's... it's impossible.\" \"", "In our world there are no shortcuts.\" \"", "There's no way out of eternity.\" \"", "You're stuck with it.\" \"", "Kate, want to show them what you've done.\" \"", "Okay, Win.\" \"", "You got their attention.\" \"", "Oh, I'm sorry, I'm so, so sorry.\" \"", "Forgive me, I'll kill him!\" \"", "I knew you would.\" \"", "Don't forget about the boogeyman pit.\" \"", "At least give her a choice.\" \"", "Katie, it could doom you to hell.\" \"", "Would we be together?\" \"", "Yes, yes.\" \"", "Then let's do it now.\" \"", "Let's try it, let's see.\" \"", "It could mean hell forever.\" \"", "Do you want to go for it?\" \"", "It might not work.\" \"", "Can you hear what I'm saying?\" \"", "Loud and clear, are we going for it?\" \"", "Like I always say, thrice warned.\" \"", "What more can you do?\" \"", "It's up to you, babe.\" \"", "We're going for it!\" \"", "Kate!\" \"", "Where are you going?\" \"!\" \"", "I'm going with you!\" \"", "Okay, okay.\" \"", "Finally.\" \"", "You're going to get him.\" \"", "Hold on!\" \"", "What is she doing?\" \"", "Kate, wait!\" \"", "I'm sorry, Win, I'm going to go get him!\" \"", "Wait!\" \"", "Katie, you're going to get him.\" \"", "Oh God.\" \"", "Kate!\" \"", "Is she all right?\" \"", "She's with Scott.\" \"", "You believe that?\" \"", "No, but she does.\" \"", "Well I do too, but shouldn't we go after her?\" \"", "There's nothing here that can catch her.\" \"", "Katie!\" \"", "Take care!\" \"", "Where is he?\" \"", "He's not here, he's supposed to be here.\" \"", "Where's Garibaldi?\" \"", "He and the mayor took a boat last night and went somewhere, I guess.\" \"", "Why is he with the mayor?\" \"", "I've got to get back to the island.\" \"", "I bet Fausto's there.\" \"", "You can't take the boat.\" \"", "It'll take too goddamn long.\" \"", "You'll never get through the reefs.\" \"", "Then I won't take the boat.\" \"", "I will fill your brazier cup with pearls for you every year if you will be my very beautiful wife.\" \"", "But I don't wear a brazier.\" \"", "You don't.\" \"", "But you see already how much you have saved for me.\" \"", "I have to talk to you!\" \"", "Alone!\" \"", "Mrs. Scott.\" \"", "Now, your honor, immediately!\" \"", "Get him, Kate.\" \"", "You're damn right!\" \"", "You're damn right, of course, immediately Mrs. Scott.\" \"", "Where is Garibaldi?\" \"", "He's in our fine jail.\" \"", "No he is not.\" \"", "He escaped?\" \"", "Oh, Mrs. Scott, I wish we had a devil's island for this bad boy.\" \"", "He escaped with you.\" \"", "Me, with me?\" \"", "What are you saying, Mrs. Scott?\" \"", "I am saying that you left the jail with\" \"Garibaldi and took a boat to where?\" \"", "We took a boat?\" \"", "Yes, we took a boat!\" \"", "That's it, Katie, grind him, grind him.\" \"", "I'm going to ask you one more time.\" \"", "And then I'm going to beat you up.\" \"", "Oh, beat me up?\" \"", "Yes, beat you up badly.\" \"", "Yes, of course.\" \"", "You will and I think you should.\" \"", "Yes, we did take a boat.\" \"", "Now, I must remember where we went in this boat.\" \"", "I'm going to count to three.\" \"", "Yes, of course, but slowly.\" \"", "Slowly, please.\" \"", "There's a strange diver in the pearl bed.\" \"", "There's a strange diver in the pearl bed.\" \"", "That's where Garibaldi is.\" \"", "I'm going to go kill him and then I'm going to come back and break your body into little pieces!\" \"", "They only made one of you, Kate.\" \"", "Only one.\" \"", "Wait, wait!\" \"", "You follow that boat, go on!\" \"", "Katie, he's fouled up in the lines down there.\" \"", "He's already dead!\" \"", "No, he's not dead yet.\" \"", "He's not!\" \"", "Let's see.\" \"", "Kate, here I come!\" \"", "Katie, it's no use!\" \"", "He's dead!\" \"", "It's a good try, but you missed.\" \"", "Tell your Katie he's gone.\" \"", "It's time you came with me.\" \"", "Bullshit.\" \"", "She'll get him.\" \"", "You just watch.\" \"", "Bring him back.\" \"", "Give him to me.\" \"", "He's gone, honey.\" \"", "No, I'll get him.\" \"", "Kate.\" \"", "Give me that one precious second.\" \"", "Kate!\" \"", "He's back.\" \"", "He's breathing.\" \"", "You are the most willful!\" \"", "Katie, you did it!\" \"", "You did it!\" \"", "Oh my God.\" \"", "Oh my God.\" \"", "Scott?\" \"", "Scott, are you in there?\" \"", "I flew.\" \"", "Oh, welcome back, you awesome bastard.\" \"", "We have come to witness the marriage of two people, Kate and Fausto.\" \"", "And now by virtue of the powers vested in me by the state of Wyoming, I now pronounce you husband and wife.\" \"", "You may kiss the bride.\" \"", "You're even more beautiful than the first time.\" \"", "So are you.\" \"", "Oh no, Scott.\" \"", "Oh no, Scott.\" \"", "No, no, no, I can't.\" \"", "Scott, no more, I give up.\" \"", "Isn't this fantastic?\" \"", "What a wonderful way to die.\" \"", "Oh no.\" \"", "Did I lie to you?\" \"", "Are we having fun with this body?\" \"", "I told you you'd like him.\" \"", "Let's make all the bells on Earth ring!\" \"", "Oh no, Scott, oh no.\" \"", "I can't, I can't anymore.\" \"", "It'll kill me, I promise.\" \"", "Prepare to die.\" \"", "Jesus, goddamnit.\" \"", "Did you fall off again?\" \"", "This kid was not much of an athlete.\" \"", "Oh, poor Scott.\" \"", "How do I do this?\" \"", "Be careful with that rein.\" \"", "I used to be able to ride like the fucking wind.\" \"", "Fausto, Fausto.\" \"", "Scott.\" \"", "You sure are a good looking son of a bitch.\" \"", "Always have been.\"" ]

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[ "Iraq. ", "Militants take back Mosul, Tikrit and march on Baghdad\n\nGo to page\n\nGo to page\n\nADC\n\nTwo protesters killed in clashes with Iraqi police as unrest...\nTwo months later, still no govt, just over 60 of the 90 days gone. ", "Protests for numerous reasons are ongoing in the south, not least because of public services and corruption. ", "Earlier Police fires over the heads of crowds injuring many. ", "Now two reportedly killed after Police ‘returned fire’. ", "To date no interruption of oil supplies:\n\n“Hundreds of people tried to storm a courthouse. ", "Shots were fired toward us. ", "It was not clear who was shooting. ", "We had no choice but to open fire,” said the police official in Samawa.", "\n\nEarlier, police in oil hub Basra wounded 48 people when they fired in the air to disperse a crowd of hundreds that tried to storm a government building and demonstrated near an oil field.", "\n\nLE\n\nTwo protesters killed in clashes with Iraqi police as unrest...\nTwo months later, still no govt, just over 60 of the 90 days gone. ", "Protests for numerous reasons are ongoing in the south, not least because of public services and corruption. ", "Earlier Police fires over the heads of crowds injuring many. ", "Now two reportedly killed after Police ‘returned fire’. ", "To date no interruption of oil supplies:\n\nThe services in Basra are very poor.", "\nThe drought is affecting the marshlands badly, and the Tigris and Euphrates are running very low due to upstream dams in Iran and Turkey.", "\nThe drought is so bad that many farmers have been ordered not to plant crops this year.", "\n\n\"You are a Racist and a Xenophobe\" KGB Resident. (", "Professional liar and apologist for mass murder.)" ]

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[ "Article content continued\n\nNow, even before the dust has settled on Monday’s results, NDP stalwarts are moving precipitously again, declaring that there should be no question as to Mulcair’s future. ", "He will continue in place and that’s that. ", "Like running on budget balance, NDP rank and file are being told that it’s a matter of acting responsibly – of showing Canadians that the party won’t be rattled, that now’s the time to stay steady and to carry on.", "\n\nThe truth is that asking uncomfortable questions at this time is not the irresponsible thing to do. ", "Failing to ask them is.", "\n\nAnd so the first issue that should be debated openly and directly by New Democrats is this: Why keep Mulcair?", "\n\nWas the NDP leader an asset or a hindrance during the 2015 election? ", "How much responsibility should he bear for the campaign’s failures and the disastrous slide back to third party status? ", "Is he well-positioned to rehabilitate the NDP in the eyes of voters? ", "Or is he likely to repeat key mistakes and take the party further backward?", "\n\nThat’s just to start. ", "There are other huge factors that weigh in the opposite direction. ", "Is there a reasonable candidate for replacement? ", "What would the costs and discomfort be of changing leaders at this time? ", "What about their finances? ", "Most fundamental of all is this brutal but simple test: Will Tom Mulcair give the NDP the best chance of winning more seats in the next election?", "\n\nReflecting on these questions should not be seen as sedition when they’re actually common sense. ", "It is true that Mulcair has handed the NDP their second highest number of seats in history. ", "It is even truer that he has led them to their most disappointing result of all time, losing more seats than any other leader working atop the NDP. ", "A considered judgment of self-interest is surely owed the NDP caucus and membership before they’re told what will happen next." ]

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[ "A mobile phone of the aforementioned type is known. ", "The mobile phone includes a streaming server generally compatible with the UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) network protocol, or respectively with the DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) interoperability standard, the server then being called a UPnP server or DLNA server, respectively. ", "Such a server makes it possible to stream media recorded in an internal memory of the phone to a remote client equipment also compatible with the UPnP network protocol, or with the DLNA standard. ", "The streamed media includes audio and/or video data. ", "The mobile phone also comprises a web browser including a downloading means for downloading a file from a web server into its internal memory.", "\nHowever, the streaming of a file initially stored in a memory of the web server is relatively tedious to implement by the user on a mobile phone, in particular operating under an Android-type operating system. ", "The user must start by launching the web browser, in order to download the file from the memory of the web server towards its own memory. ", "This operation in particular requires the user to select the file to be downloaded, and to indicate a location of the internal memory for storing the downloaded file. ", "The user must then select, using a UPnP or DLNA controller, respectively, the downloaded file to be streamed by the streaming server." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCompare 3 arrays to make a new string\n\nI have 3 arrays\narray1 = [a,b,c,d,e,f]\narray2 = [a,b,d,f]\narray3 = [g,h]\n\nHow could I figure out where in array2 doesn't match array1 and then insert an element from array3?", "\nSo the output would look like \narray4 = [a,b,g,d,h,f]\n\nvar EnglishArray = [<p>,This is a longer description. ", "This will describe the item in greater detail.", ",</p>,<span please no translated Large donkey>,cat,</span>,<div>,test,<large>,<idk>,&bull;,Hello worlds,<end?", ">]\nvar HTMLTags = [<p>,</p>,<span please no translated Large donkey>,</span>,<div>,<large>,<idk>,&bull;,<end?", ">]\nvar translations = [Esta es una descripción más larga. ", "Esto describe el tema con mayor detalle.", ",gato,prueba,Hola mundos]\n\nfunction newString(EnglishArray, HTMLTags, translations){\n var array4 = EnglishArray;\n var j = 0;\n for (var i = 0; i < EnglishArray.length; i++) {\n if(HTMLTags[i] !", "= EnglishArray[i]){\n array4.splice(i, 1, translations[j]);\n j++;\n i++;\n }\n }\n newString = array4.join('');\n return newString;\n}\n\nThe output it is giving me is \n<p>Esta es una descripción más larga. ", "Esto describe el tema con mayor detalle.</p>gatocatprueba<div>Hola mundos<large>&bull;<end?", ">\nInstead of \n<p>Esta es una descripción más larga. ", "Esto describe el tema con mayor detalle.</p><span please no translated Large donkey>gato</span><div>prueba<large><idk>&bull;Hola mundos<end?", ">\n\nWhen I try this on a lot smaller scale it works fine. ", "But it seems the more tags, and translations there is more errors. ", "After it gets too long it will start repeating the last couple words in English. ", "\n\nA:\n\nYou could check if the value is included array2 and if not take an element of array3.", "\n\nvar array1 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'],\r\n array2 = ['a', 'b', 'd', 'f'],\r\n array3 = ['g', 'h'],\r\n result = array1.map(v => array2.includes(v) ? ", "v : array3.shift());\r\n \r\nconsole.log(result);\n\nWithout map and includes\n\nvar array1 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'],\r\n array2 = ['a', 'b', 'd', 'f'],\r\n array3 = ['g', 'h'],\r\n result = [],\r\n i,\r\n l = array1.length;\r\n\r\nfor (i = 0; i < l; i++) {\r\n result.push(array2.indexOf(array1[i]) === -1 ? ", "array3.shift() : array1[i]);\r\n}\r\n\r\nconsole.log(result);\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\n6 bytes timestamp to DateTime\n\nI use 3rd party API. ", "According to its specification the following \n byte[] timestamp = new byte[] {185, 253, 177, 161, 51, 1}\n\nrepresents Number of milliseconds from Jan 1, 1970 when the message \nwas generated for transmission \nThe issue is that I don't know how it could be translated into DateTime.", "\nI've tried \nDateTime Epoch = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.", "Utc);\nlong milliseconds = BitConverter.", "ToUInt32(timestamp, 0);\nvar result = Epoch + TimeSpan.", "FromMilliseconds(milliseconds);\n\nThe result is {2/1/1970 12:00:00 AM}, but year 2012 is expected.", "\n\nA:\n\n byte[] timestamp = new byte[] { 185, 253, 177, 161, 51, 1, 0, 0, };\n DateTime Epoch = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.", "Utc);\n ulong milliseconds = BitConverter.", "ToUInt64(timestamp, 0);\n var result = Epoch + TimeSpan.", "FromMilliseconds(milliseconds);\n\nResult is 11/14/2011\nAdding padding code special for CodeInChaos:\n byte[] oldStamp = new byte[] { 185, 253, 177, 161, 51, 1 };\n byte[] newStamp = new byte[sizeof(UInt64)];\n Array.", "Copy(oldStamp, newStamp, oldStamp.", "Length);\n\nFor running on big-endian machines :\nif (!", "BitConverter.", "IsLittleEndian)\n{\n newStamp = newStamp.", "Reverse().ToArray();\n}\n\nA:\n\nI assume timestamp uses little endian format. ", "I also left out parameter validation.", "\nlong GetLongLE(byte[] buffer,int startIndex,int count)\n{\n long result=0;\n long multiplier=1;\n for(int i=0;i<count;i++)\n {\n result += buffer[startIndex+i]*multiplier;\n multiplier *= 256;\n }\n return result;\n}\n\nlong milliseconds = GetLongLE(timestamp, 0, 6);\n\n" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to an article worn on the body to be used wearing it on the body in order to improve a disease, a pain in the parts of the body, stiffness, a poor physical condition, and so on.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Prior Art\nIt is known that a fine current called a bioelectric current is always flowing in the human body such as to flow in a nerve cell when the brain functions, and in a myocardial cell when the heart contracts, and the bioelectric current controls various functions of the body. ", "Further, it has been understood that when the bioelectric current is stagnated or disturbed in its flow under the influence of fatigue matter accumulated in muscles, static electricity generated in a sweater, a blanket or the like, an electromagnetic wave generated from a television set, a personal computer or the like, various functions of the body are lost in balance to show symptoms such as a disease, a pain in the parts of the body, stiffness, a poor physical condition, and so on.", "\nRecently, therefore, an attempt has been made to employ various treatments for improving a disease, a pain in the parts of the body, stiffness, a poor physical condition, and so on by adjusting the flow of the bioelectric current, and among them, a different kind metal treatment is known whose effect is actually proved. ", "According to the different kind metal treatment, metals different in ionization trend, for example, such as aluminum of a 1-Yen coin, zinc and copper of a 5-Yen coin, and tin and copper of a 10-Yen coin, are applied sequentially to the affected part showing symptoms or the right spot corresponding thereto, and the flow of the bioelectric current is adjusted by utilizing a potential difference generated due to a difference between the ionization trends.", "\nHowever, in the scene for actually implementing the above-described different kind metal treatment, metals different in ionization trend, are applied sequentially to the affected part showing symptoms or the right spot corresponding thereto. ", "Therefore, this treatment can be implemented in a hospital, a home or the like where one can wear relatively rough clothes and lie quietly, but in a working place where one wears a suit, working clothes or the like and has to move the body, metals cannot be applied positively, and being poor-looking. ", "Thus, in the real state, the different kind metal treatment could not be implemented.", "\nThe present invention has been accomplished in the light of problems as noted above with respect to prior art. ", "It is an object of the invention to enable implementation of the different kind metal treatment highly effectively and without a sense of incongruity even in the working place where one wears a suit, working clothes or the like and has to move the body.", "\nFor achieving the aforesaid object, according to the present invention, several kinds of metals different in ionization trend are arranged as component members to constitute an article worn on the body.", "\nPreferably, the above-described several kinds of metals different in ionization trend are arranged in order of the magnitude off the ionization trend.", "\nThe present invention can be applied to accessories such as an earring, a necklace, a pendant, a ring, a bracelet, an armlet, and an anklet." ]

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[ "CALGARY — Bob Bavnani has a job that is both nameless and faceless.", "\n\nHe can go to work in a three-piece-suit or his pyjamas. ", "It doesn’t matter what he looks like — no one ever sees him.", "\n\nIt’s his vocal cords that matter.", "\n\nFrom the comfort of his home studio, Bavnani lends his voice to everything from commercials to radio shows and corporate videos.", "\n\nIt’s a strange gig. ", "He’s heard by people around the globe but lives a quiet life in suburban Calgary.", "\n\n“My client base is worldwide. ", "I can probably say I’ve got seven continents covered,” he says.", "\n\nBavnani stumbled on his career almost by accident a few years ago after losing his job at Shaw Communications.", "\n\nBut finding work was a tough slog. ", "While applying for jobs, Bavnani, 49, kept thinking about some of his conversations with Shaw customers over the phone.", "\n\n“I was a tech support guy and when I’d pick up the call, people would say ‘have you ever considered a job in radio?’ ” ", "he says.", "\n\nIronically, Bavnani flirted with a career in broadcasting while living overseas in the Philippines.", "\n\n“As a child, I was fascinated with how sound could be transported over the airwaves from a radio station to millions of pocket-sized transistor radios,” he recalls.", "\n\nHis first big break came working for the Armed Forces Radio and Television service, which provides sports, news and entertainment programming to U.S. military personnel and their families.", "\n\nHe worked for other broadcasting organizations while in the Philippines but ultimately decided to pursue similar interests upon returning to Canada in 1997.", "\n\nBut Bavnani never really shook the broadcasting bug — and a career providing voice-overs seemed a perfect fit.", "\n\n“My son said, ‘Dad, are you nuts?’ ", "But I gathered up our life savings and took a gamble. ", "So far it’s putting food on the table,” Bavnani says.", "\n\nHis client list reads like a who’s who of Fortune 500 companies: Coca Cola, Mercedes-Benz, Procter & Gamble and General Electric are only a handful of the firms who use his sonorous speech to promote their brands.", "\n\nTelevision commercials are glamorous but Bavnani makes much of his bread and butter with e-learning projects, documentaries and book trailers. ", "Such gigs are not as sexy, he admits, but the money is good.", "\n\nThe voice-over industry — once very small and insular — has grown in recent years to meet the demand for vocals used on MP3 players, mobile phones and game consoles. ", "Another huge market is audiobooks, which has grown significantly since the first “books on tape” were sold.", "\n\nBavnani estimates there are at least 80 people in Calgary actively working in the voice-over field, although others dabble in it as a way to supplement acting or broadcasting careers.", "\n\nClients are sometimes very particular.", "\n\n“They’ll tell you to be upbeat with high energy. ", "Or they want you to sound like Sam Elliott,” he says.", "\n\nThe most common request is to mimic Don LaFontaine — the famous American whose voice is in so many Hollywood movie trailers it is often the subject of parody.", "\n\nBavnani will occasionally turn down jobs for ethical reasons." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nTransform array of array from all first elements\n\nI'm trying to convert to following array of array\n[\n \"master_type\", # [0]\n [\n \"type_1\", # [1][0]\n [\n \"type_2\", # [1][1][0]\n [\n \"type_3\" # [1][1][1][0]\n ]\n ],\n [\n \"type_3\" # [1][2][0]\n ]\n ],\n [\n \"type_4\", # [2][0]\n [\n \"type_2\" # [2][1][0]\n ]\n ],\n [\n \"type_2\", # [3][0]\n \"type_3\" # [3][1]\n ],\n \"type_3\" # [3][1]\n]\n\ninto something like\n[\n [\"master_type\", \"type_1\", \"type_2\", \"type_3\"],\n [\"master_type\", \"type_1\", \"type_3\"],\n [\"master_type\", \"type_4\", \"type_2\"],\n [\"master_type\", \"type_2\", \"type_3\"],\n [\"master_type\", \"type_3\"]\n]\n\nFinally I would like to read this tree and collect all first elements when there are first elements then delete them before doing it again until my first array was empty.", "\nI can't fix it. ", "Do you have any ideas ? ", "\nIt's important to note that this example is with strings but I'll do it with more complex objects\nThank you in advance.", "\n\nA:\n\nThis implementation is recursive, but I doubt it will overflow. ", "If your trees are really deep, you may want to make it iterative instead.", "\ndef flatten_tree(tree)\n parent, *subtree = tree\n\n return [[parent]] if subtree.empty?", "\n\n subtree.flat_map do |element|\n flatten_tree(element).each { |children| children.unshift(parent) }\n end\nend\n\nThe answer was updated according to sawa's comments.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "16-BAC/SDS-PAGE: a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system suitable for the separation of integral membrane proteins.", "\nIntegral membrane proteins, particularly those with more than one transmembrane domain, have traditionally been difficult to separate by two-dimensional electrophoretic methods. ", "Here we report the adaptation of a previously published procedure [D. E. Macfarlane (1989) Anal. ", "Biochem. ", "176, 457-463] for the analytical and semipreparative separation of membrane proteins. ", "The first dimension involves discontinuous gel electrophoresis in an acidic buffer system using the cationic detergent benzyldimethyl-n-hexadecylammonium chloride (16-BAC). ", "The second dimension consists of discontinuous SDS-PAGE. ", "Using carbonate-washed membranes of synaptic vesicles and clathrin-coated vesicles as examples, we demonstrate that complex membrane protein mixtures can be resolved with a resolution at least fivefold higher than that of one-dimensional SDS-PAGE. ", "Protein patterns are highly reproducible and proteins with single or multiple transmembrane domains are resolved as clearly distinct spots. ", "Smearing of bands or losses of protein are minimal. ", "Several spots were identified by immunoblotting and internal sequencing. ", "Thus, this method is suitable for the analytical and semipreparative characterization of membrane proteins derived from complex biological samples." ]

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[ "By Miranda Bonifield\n\nMetro claims Measure 26-199 is designed to address affordable housing, but the 652.8 million dollar bond measure raises taxes for homeowners without ensuring that it will accomplish its goals.", "\n\nMetro claims these bonds would fund up to 3,900 low-income housing units. ", "However, the measure doesn’t require a minimum number of units: Metro could build a few units, spend the rest of the money on “services,” and fulfill the requirements of Measure 26-199. ", "The text of the measure even says these bonds may be used for things like grocery or retail space without limitation. ", "In other words, there’s no guarantee the measure will make even a small improvement to housing affordability.", "\n\nThere is no deadline ensuring Metro provides these units in a timely fashion. ", "There is no requirement for Metro to change its practices if auditors find Metro is failing to accomplish its goals. ", "26-199 asks you to trust Metro’s intentions without any accountability to encourage success. ", "Meanwhile, urban growth boundaries and endless red tape keep Oregon’s housing supply from meeting the needs of our growing population.", "\n\nAny major project needs firm deadlines and specific goals to have any hope of success, but Metro’s measure provides neither.", "\n\nMiranda Bonifield is a Research Associate at Cascade Policy Institute, Oregon’s free market public policy research organization.", "\n\nClick here for PDF version:\n\n10-24-18-Metro’s_Bond_Measure 26-199_Raises_Taxes_on_Homeowners_Requires_No_Accountability_for_Money_SpentPDF" ]

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[ "Sharks on the boil\n\nFORMER Sale and England star Dewi Morris is backing the Sharks' star-studded squad to claim one of the Guinness Premiership's play-off spots as the most exciting title race in years comes to the boil. ", "With just a month to go, seven clubs are still in with a chance of grabbing a top-four place - and an invite into next season's Heineken Cup. ", "Just 10 points separate leaders Gloucester from seventh-placed Wasps and with all of the contenders to play at least one of their rivals in the run-in, anything is possible.", "\n\nFORMER Sale and England star Dewi Morris is backing the Sharks' star-studded squad to claim one of the Guinness Premiership's play-off spots as the most exciting title race in years comes to the boil.", "\n\nWith just a month to go, seven clubs are still in with a chance of grabbing a top-four place - and an invite into next season's Heineken Cup.", "\n\nJust 10 points separate leaders Gloucester from seventh-placed Wasps and with all of the contenders to play at least one of their rivals in the run-in, anything is possible.", "\n\nCrucially, fifth-placed Sale have a game in hand on five of their contenders and former British Lion Morris has put his money where his mouth is by having a wager with pundit colleague Stuart Barnes that the Sharks will emerge as one of the last men standing from rugby's very own High Noon.", "\n\n\"These next 10 days for Sale are going to be absolutely crucial,\" he said.", "\n\n\"They face Bristol tomorrow, travel to Wasps on Tuesday and then entertain Newcastle the following Sunday.", "\n\n\"I know Sale coach Philippe Saint-Andre reckons they need four wins out of five to be sure but in an ideal world they could do with winning all five games and then they'd be a shoe-in.", "\n\n\"Looking at their run-in, I think the key game will be the re-arranged game at Wasps. ", "Bristol tomorrow night is not going to be easy but they should have enough ammunition there.", "\n\n\"And if they were to beat Bristol and then win at Wasps, that would really hamper Wasps' hopes and help Sale take one of their big rivals out of the play-off equation.", "\n\n\"They have invested heavily in the likes of Andrew Sheridan, Luke McAlister and Sebastien Chabal and owner Brian Kennedy will want some return on that investment.", "\n\n\"That pudding of a pitch at Edgeley Park hasn't helped. ", "It's narrow, which hampers their attack, and getting out of the mud slows them down further.", "\n\n\"However, there's no doubt that they have the talent to do it and I can see positive signs. ", "Their captain, big Jason White, is coming back to form and full fitness, and the likes of Chris Jones and Magnus Lund will want to prove points to England.", "\n\n\"In the backs, Lee Thomas has been a revelation since McAlister's arrival, Oriol Ripol's playing well on the wing and now Ben Foden's fit again at full-back they have even more attacking options.", "\n\n\"And though I know Charlie Hodgson's just become a dad for the first time, now he must concentrate on not giving Saint-Andre and any of the supporters' sleepless nights!", "\n\n\"So we know they have got enough talent. ", "The question now is have they got the belief for these are the games that define your season and define your character.\"", "\n\nWith so many permutations still feasible at this stage of the season, it means every game carries huge meaning.", "\n\nAnd to Morris' mind that's one in the eye for the army of critics who poured scorn on the notion of the play-off system when it was first introduced in 2003.", "\n\n\"It's incredible and a fantastic situation to be in from a neutral perspective,\" Morris added.", "\n\n\"Your season is defined on whether you get in the top four or not and it proves how brilliant an innovation the play-off system has been.", "\n\n\"Some people turned their noses up at it, pointing to the fact that in 2003 Gloucester finished top yet lost in the final when it was first introduced.", "\n\n\"Rugby League did it and it took three or four years for the supporters to grab hold of that and Union has been no different.", "\n\n\"And when you have got the likes of Sale and Leicester developing strong, young English talent for international duty, it's only fair that those teams have a chance at the end of the season to put their main teams out and hopefully get in that top four.\"", "\n\nWith all the game's traditional giants slugging it out for supremacy along with 2006 champions Sale, a rejuvenated Harlequins and a Saracens side that stunned Welsh giants Ospreys in last weekend's Heineken Cup, it takes a brave man to pick out a top four.", "\n\nBut, as in his playing days, Morris has never been afraid of straight talking and believes he has seen enough to warrant a wager on Sale to keep their hopes of regaining the title alive\n\n\"I'm sure there will be plenty more twists and turns to come but if I had to pick a top four, I would plump for Gloucester who I think will just about get there, with Leicester, Bath and Sale also in the mix.", "\n\n\"Even though they are currently top, you could say that Gloucester are slightly imploding if their form in the Heineken Cup quarter-final against Munster last weekend is anything to go by.", "\n\n\"Now they have got a massive game against Saracens this weekend. ", "Conversely, Saracens played out of their skin to beat Ospreys last weekend but their form in the league has been going down.", "\n\n\"Bath have been consistent and up there all along and their pack is key for them, Wasps are coming up on the rails and have only got the one competition to concentrate on which is worrying for everyone else.", "\n\n\"Leicester are Leicester but they can be beaten if you slow their ball and impose a game plan as Wasps proved a couple of weeks ago.", "\n\n\"And then there's Harlequins who, under coach Dean Richards, have transformed their season after their miserable Heineken Cup experience and are really playing with a momentum.\"" ]

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[ "The FBI has linked a hacker said to be in part behind the plundering of 1.2 billion credentials from some 420,000 websites to the handle \"Mr Grey\".", "\n\nThe hack as reported by The Registercould be one of the biggest data theft hauls in history.", "\n\nThe US agency linked the hacker to the handle using open source data including email addresses posted to Russian crime forums and domain data.", "\n\nMr Grey, part of a group dubbed CyberVor, is said to used those boards to offer for sale information on any social media account including Facebook, Twitter, and Russia's VK, Reuters reports.", "\n\nThe papers released by a Milwaukee, Wisconsin court, show Mr Grey offered in 2011 to sell account information.", "\n\nUS police agencies did not comment on Grey.", "\n\nThe theft was revealed by Hold Security who at the time said attackers used bot-infected computers to find the 420,000 websites that were each vulnerable to SQL injection attacks.", "\n\nThe unnamed sites were flagged up to the malware's masters who then returned to harvest sensitive data from vulnerable servers.", "\n\nThe south central Russian group hauled in a staggering 4.5 billion credentials, whittled down to 1.2 billion pairs when duplicates were removed. ", "There were 542 million unique email addresses among the cropped cache.", "\n\nHacked websites ranged from household names to small businesses located all over the world. ", "®" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWhy does my use of click.argument produce \"got an unexpected keyword argument 'help'?", "\n\nRunning the following code results in this error:\n\nTypeError: init() got an unexpected keyword argument 'help'\n\nCode:\nimport click\n\n@click.command()\n@click.argument('command', required=1, help=\"start|stop|restart\")\n@click.option('--debug/--no-debug', default=False, help=\"Run in foreground\")\ndef main(command, debug):\n print (command)\n print (debug)\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n main()\n\nFull error output:\n$ python3 foo.py start\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n File \"foo.py\", line 5, in <module>\n @click.option('--debug/--no-debug', default=False, help=\"Run in foreground\")\n File \"/home/cbetti/python/lib/python3/dist-packages/click-4.0-py3.4.egg/click/decorators.py\", line 148, in decorator\n _param_memo(f, ArgumentClass(param_decls, **attrs))\n File \"/home/cbetti/python/lib/python3/dist-packages/click-4.0-py3.4.egg/click/core.py\", line 1618, in __init__\n Parameter.__init__(self, param_decls, required=required, **attrs)\nTypeError: __init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'help'\n\nWhy does this error occur?", "\n\nA:\n\nI run into this again and again because the trace output does not correspond to the parameter causing the error. ", "Notice ArgumentClass in the trace, that's your hint.", "\n'help' is an acceptable parameter to @click.option. ", "The click library prefers, however, that you document your own arguments. ", "The @click.argument help parameter is causing this exception.", "\nThis code works: (notice the lack of , help=\"start|stop|restart\" in @click.argument)\nimport click\n\n@click.command()\n@click.argument('command', required=1)\n@click.option('--debug/--no-debug', default=False, help=\"Run in foreground\")\ndef main(command, debug):\n \"\"\" COMMAND: start|stop|restart \"\"\"\n print (command)\n print (debug)\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n main()\n\nOutput:\n$ python3 foo.py start\nstart\nFalse\n\nHelp Output:\nUsage: test.py [OPTIONS] COMMAND\n\n COMMAND: start|stop|restart\n\nOptions:\n --debug / --no-debug Run in foreground\n --help Show this message and exit.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou are defining commands as arguments. ", "Note that click has a better way to define commands then what you are trying here.", "\n@click.group()\ndef main():\n pass\n\n@click.command()\ndef start():\n print \"running command `start`\"\n\n@click.command()\ndef stop():\n print \"running command `stop`\"\n\nmain.add_command(start)\nmain.add_command(stop)\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n main()\n\nwill result in the following default help text:\nUsage: test.py [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...\n\nOptions:\n --help Show this message and exit.", "\n\nCommands:\n start\n stop\n\nHaving said that, should you really need arguments, you cannot use the help parameter. ", "The click documentation indeed states that you should document your own arguments. ", "However, I have no idea how to do that. ", "Any hints?", "\n\nA:\n\nclick library does not allow -help parameter inside click.arguments (including the current version 6.7 when this comment has been written).", "\nBut, you can use the -help parameter inside click.options.", "\nYou can check current click documentation at http://click.pocoo.org/6/documentation/ or previous at http://click.pocoo.org/5/documentation/ this behaviour has not change recently.", "\nThen, it is a WAD. ", "It is not a BUG.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nScheduled emails with Azure\n\nThis should be a very straight forward question, but I can't find an answer.", "\nRight now I have a windows service that uses a timer to kick off scheduled emails and do other scheduled tasks. ", "What's the best way to do the equivalent with Azure?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou can run a background thread, launched from your Run(), that does nothing but sleep for a while and then execute some scheduled-email code.", "\nAlternatively, you can make this task queue-driven, and place a queue message with an initial invisibility timeout set (so that the queue message won't be retrievable until a certain time period elapses.", "\nIn either case, you'll want to use an external SMTP service. ", "SendGrid just announced a free tier for Windows Azure users, along with supporting libraries. ", "See details about this here.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Igloo Revives Picnic Cooler Collection\n\nIgloo has revived its Picnic Cooler with the Throwback Collection. ", "Introduced in 1992, the re-release features the same style, size, and color as the original collection and it is made in the same factory in Katy, TX.", "\n\nThe Igloo Picnic Cooler is a colorful take on a classic, that offers nostalgic functionality with vivid hues, said the company. ", "The cooler features a hinge-open lid with dual carrying handles and pebbled texture top. ", "In addition to the Picnic Cooler, Igloo rounded out the Throwback Collection with a Playmate Mini and 1/2 Gallon Sport Jug in matching colors.", "\n\n“When we decided to re-release the Picnic Cooler we thought the only way to do it was to stay true to our roots and relaunch with the same colors, on the same machines, and in the same factory in Katy, Texas,” said Brad Blankinship, vp/marketing of Igloo. “", "Additionally, selling at Urban Outfitters allows us to bridge the gap of generations— those who shop there will be able to take a trip back down memory lane and purchase a cooler many of them likely took on road trips with their families when they were kids.”", "\n\nThe new collection has a suggested retail price of $17.99 to $67.99 and is available now at several retailers, including Urban Outfitters, nationwide.", "\n\nHomeWorld Highlights\n\nThis is the fifth installment of a special series, presented by the National Hardware Show, exploring key trends and developments driving the growth of housewares and home goods in the home improvement retail business.", "\n\nHome grillers in recent years have expanded their menu beyond hamburgers, hot dogs and steak and are now comfortable grilling a variety of foods from fruits and vegetables to pizza.", "\n\nCurrent Issue\n\nExecutive Editor Greg Sleter highlights the May 13 issue of HomeWorld Business, which includes the annual Home Beverage Report and a look at the test that puts Kohl's and Aldi under one roof. ", "Play video" ]

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[ "Quantification of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) gene polymorphism effects on plasma levels of TAFI measured with assays insensitive to isoform-dependent artefact.", "\nReports have reappraised the genotype-dependent variation of Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI), demonstrating that, in some enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), decreased antibody reactivity towards the TAFI 325 Ile isoform led to erroneous TAFI levels. ", "Assays free of this artefact are required to evaluate the contribution of the TAFI gene polymorphisms to TAFI level variability. ", "TAFI levels were measured in 209 individuals with both immunological and functional assays. ", "Each assay was characterized, in particular for its reactivity towards the 325 Thr and Ile isoforms. ", "Two ELISAs were found to have a lower reactivity towards the Ile isoform, leading to an overestimate of the magnitude of variation between two different genotypes. ", "In contrast, one ELISA, as well as functional assays, was found to be free of genotype-dependent artefact constituting a reliable method to detect true quantitative variations of TAFI levels. ", "Using these reliable methods, univariate and haplotype analyses revealed that TAFI gene polymorphisms explain 25% of TAFI level variability. ", "This effect seems to be the consequence of the joint independent action of two polymorphisms, one in the 5' (G-1102T) and the other in the 3' region (T+1583A) of the TAFI gene." ]

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[ "\n\nAsk HN: Do you remain friends after a startup? - ", "spacelaw\n\nDo you remain close friends with a cofounder after a startup?", "\n======\nlaw\nI think it's important to be able to separate business from friendship. ", "The\nworst is when you're romantically involved with one of your start-up partners.", "\nNever do that.", "\n\nIt also helps to start companies with people who are exceptionally laid-back,\nbut you have to also realize that with that sometimes comes laziness. ", "It's\nhard to find teammates who are both laid-back and highly driven/motivated, but\nwhen you do, they're solid gold. ", "Whether you're friends before/during/after\nyour endeavors is immaterial at that point.", "\n\n------\nanthonycerra\nI started Joystickers with 2 other founders and we had to part ways with one.", "\nIt was messy, but we're all still friends.", "\n\nI bought an investment property with a different friend and our friendship has\ndefinitely suffered. ", "We don't hang out for fun nearly as often as we used to.", "\n\nIt really depends on the dynamic between the friends. ", "If you guys are\ncomfortable butting heads without taking it personally, then go for it. ", "Think\ntwice otherwise.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "HackerNews" }

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[ "News from Seattle's Office of Economic Development\n\nThe City of Seattle is announcing a program, EnviroStars, that will provide green business services from around the region under one tool.", "\n\nThe amplified EnviroStars program will be a central hub for Washington businesses to receive assistance and recognition for saving energy and water, reducing waste and pollution, choosing safer products and cutting greenhouse gas emissions.", "\n\nEnviroStars businesses can track environmental performance online and see how their actions save operational costs and positively impact the environment. “", "The EnviroStars program will help businesses use fewer resources, which means they can dedicate that saved money for other priorities,” said Mayor Tim Burgess. “", "It’s exciting to see a growing number of businesses adopt an environmentally aware mentality. ", "Every city should have a no-cost, pro-business, pro-environment effort like this.” ", "This free program helps businesses see what programs are available to help them address negative externalities, and can help busy small business owners set out a plan to achieve their environmental goals.", "\n\nFor 20 years, Seattle Public Utilities’ Green Business Program has helped businesses take actions to save money, conserve resources and contribute to a clean and healthy community. “", "By joining forces with other agencies and streamlining services offered throughout our region, we are making it even easier for businesses to achieve their green business goals,” said Mami Hara, Director of Seattle Public Utilities.", "\n\nOver 17 agencies from around Western Washington have pooled resources to develop and launch the program, which includes a central web portal that allows businesses to find referrals for local sustainability services and incentives and start on a path to recognition. ", "The program will also help small businesses connect with one another so they can learn from and support their peers.", "\n\nConsumers can use the EnviroStars directory to find local businesses who share their environmental values—from restaurants and grocery stores, to hotels and auto body shops, and everything in between. ", "They can also look for the EnviroStars mark on storefronts of recognized businesses in Seattle, Kirkland, Bellevue, Redmond, Edmonds and other member cities starting this fall.", "\n\n“The program allows consumers to make empowered choices about where to take their business,” said Laurel Tomchick, creator of the original EnviroStars program at the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County. “", "Choosing local EnviroStars recognized businesses reinforces better business practices—which in turn creates healthier, safer communities and motivates more businesses to ‘work green.’”", "\n\n“It’s a Pacific Northwest tradition—connecting green-minded consumers with green businesses. ", "It’s an economic and environmental win. ", "We are committed to providing the clean energy that powers this vibrant community,” said Larry Weis, General Manager and CEO of Seattle City Light.", "\n\nSeattle’s first EnviroStars recognized business is Madres Kitchen, a full-service catering and events company based in Seattle, which also participated in the City’s past Green Business Program.", "\n\nBusinesses that engage with EnviroStars will benefit by learning to operate more efficiently, strengthening their bottom line, improving employee health and gaining recognition for environmental leadership.", "\n\n“The new EnviroStars program will provide a one-stop shop for businesses to access information about building sustainability into their ongoing business plan,” said Sara Nelson, Co-owner of Fremont Brewing. “", "We are excited to be part of a program that will help share our environmental accomplishments with our customers and work towards addressing climate change.”", "\n\nThe City of Seattle Office of Sustainability & Environment is strengthening equal access to local and healthy foods with the Fresh Bucks pilot program. ", "The program, a partnership with the Neighborhood Farmers Market Alliance (NFMA), will double the value of purchases made with SNAP electronic benefit transfer (EBT) cards at select Farmers Markets starting Wednesday, August 1, 2012, through Monday, October 1, 2012. ", "All EBT cardholders will receive $10 in Fresh Bucks per day for the purchase of fruits and vegetables when they purchase a minimum of $10 with their EBT card. ", "The following Farmer’s Markets are participating in the program:\n\nFunding for the Fresh Bucks pilot program is provided by JP Morgan Chase, the Seattle Foundation, and the WSDA Specialty Crop Block Grant Program.", "\n\n“Everyone in Seattle deserves access to healthy, fresh, affordable food,” said Seattle Deputy Mayor Darryl Smith. “", "Fresh Bucks increases the purchasing power of low-income Seattle residents while introducing new customers to the small and mid-size farmers who sell at our farmers markets.”", "\n\nThe cost of fruits and vegetables has been identified as a barrier to consuming recommended amounts of healthy food for low-income communities. ", "The Fresh Bucks program addresses this barrier as well as generates economic stimulus by keeping federal nutrition benefit funds within local and regional communities. ", "A study by Moody’s Economy showed that an increase of SNAP/Food Stamp benefits by $1 creates a “ripple effect through the economy,” resulting in $1.73 in economic stimulus.", "\n\n“Seattle residents have been able use their EBT at Neighborhood Farmers Market Alliance markets since 1995,” said Chris Curtis, executive director of the NFMA. “", "Now, with the Fresh Bucks bonus program, people have a greater opportunity and incentive to use their benefits to purchase healthy produce.”", "\n\nAccess to healthy, affordable food is vital to our community. ", "We’re working to increase access to healthy food for everyone in Seattle, not just those who can afford it. ", "It’s one of the most important things we can do as a community to live longer, lead healthier lives, promote equity, and help our environment.", "\n\nIn order to create that agenda, I, together with City Councilmember Richard Conlin and the other members of our City Council, am bringing together stakeholders in the food community for a series of Our City, Our Food, Our Future listening sessions. ", "The priorities and opportunities that we hear about in these sessions will inform the City’s next steps for these issues.", "\n\nAlmost every department at the City has been engaged and working together to create a city where all Seattleites have enough to eat and have access to affordable, local, healthy, culturally appropriate food. ", "We’re working to make sure it’s easy to grow food in our city, whether for personal use or for business purposes, and easy to sell local and healthy food in our neighborhoods. ", "We’re also educating people about the benefits of eating local and healthy food, and working to provide sustainable ways to deal with food waste.", "\n\nSome of these programs are long-standing, such as the P-Patch program, senior meals, and food waste recycling. ", "More recently, we’ve taken other steps aimed at increasing shared prosperity, health, and environmental sustainability. ", "For example, our Office of Economic Development has helped over 50 small business owners sell more healthy food in their stores, which helps support their businesses while at the same time increasing access to healthy food in areas of our city where it is hard to find.", "\n\nOur Human Services Department’s Farm to Table program has been helping childcare centers and senior meal facilities get more fresh, healthy food from local farmers onto kids’ and seniors’ plates. ", "Our Parks Community Centers host a teen top chef program, engaging teens in cooking and eating healthy meals, and providing them with leadership opportunities in the process. ", "Our Department of Planning and Development changed the zoning code to expand opportunities for Seattleites to grow food in the City. ", "And Seattle Public Utilities has helped food banks catch good food before it hits the waste stream and get it onto people’s plates.", "\n\nIf you’re interested in being part of our effort to increase access to local, healthy, food in our community, contact sharon.lerman@seattle.gov. ", "We’ll share what we learn during the Our City, Our Food, Our Future listening sessions right here on our blog.", "\n\nThe City Green Building team takes an exciting new step in 2012. ", "Beginning in January, part of the “green team” will join forces with the Office of Sustainability and Environment (OSE). ", "Staff focused on policy development will become part of OSE, and those focused on green codes and permitting will stay with the Department of Planning and Development (DPD), as part of the Operations Division. ", "As this next step unfolds, both DPD and OSE will continue to develop and implement innovative approaches to building sustainable neighborhoods.", "\n\nCity Green Building’s mission — making green building standard practice — has held fast over ten plus years. ", "The City of Seattle’s legacy as a national leader has fostered local adoption of green building practices, moving beyond the early adopters to the mainstream market. “", "Seattle’s green building growth has been exponential. ", "Given the current level of green building expertise and innovation in the private market and in regional organizations we need to continue to evolve our vision and approach,” said Sandra Mallory, Program Manager for City Green Building. “", "If we are to achieve a climate neutral Seattle, then our green building policies and initiatives need to fit within a broader context.”", "\n\nThe evolution of the green building program naturally led to greater coordination with the Office of Sustainability and Environment, the City’s primary office for urban sustainability policy development. “", "Over the past years, the green team and OSE have worked closely together on numerous initiatives, including co-leading the Green Building Task Force which in turn led to programs like Community Power Works, Energy Benchmarking and Priority Green permitting. ", "Consolidating our efforts will better align work in overlapping areas and allow the City to expand our work on environmental priorities,” said Jill Simmons, Director of OSE.", "\n\nWithin DPD the green team has worked to support both typical and advanced green building projects through education, incentives and program development. “", "DPD has been a long-standing advocate for green building from within City government. ", "We have invested in our staff – teaching green building strategies so that our reviewers are ready to help applicants when they come in,” said Diane Sugimura, the Director of the Department of Planning and Development. “", "We remain committed to removing barriers to green building and encouraging innovative sustainability practices.”", "\n\nIn 2012 DPD will remain focused on growing green permitting, on supporting the Living Building Challenge pilot and on evaluating the International Green Construction Code (IgCC) for potential adoption in Seattle. ", "Planning staff will work closely with OSE to implement land use policies that advance green building. ", "Green building staff in OSE will be working on implementing the Sustainable Building and Sites policy, development of a city Resource Conservation Plan, and providing ongoing management and support of the energy benchmarking program and the 2030 District.", "\n\nFor more information about these efforts, please visit the following websites.", "\n\nThe key to a healthy business economy is the availability of reliable, low cost power. ", "The City of Seattle is fortunate to have some of most environmentally responsible, renewable, reliable, and lowest cost power in the country. ", "Yet with any system that is more than 100 years old, infrastructure investments are critical. ", "Seattle City Light is in the process of putting together a strategic plan that will look at the next six years of service and paving the way for long-term strategic investments. ", "They want to hear from businesses! ", "Coming up on June 8 is your opportunity to join the discussion.", "\n\nCo-hosts McKinstry Company and the Greater Seattle Chamber of Commerce invite you to join Seattle City Council member Bruce Harrell and Seattle City Light officials in a discussion about the utility’s six-year strategic plan and how to shape the utility’s future.", "\n\nAs a service to the Seattle business community, the Office of Economic Development curates a daily business news blast, Daily Digest. ", "As a new trial feature on Bottom Line, we’ll be posting a handful of stories from the Daily Digest every day. ", "This sampling is demonstrative of the incredible breadth of business activity going on every day in Seattle and in the region.", "\n\nFind the stories informative or helpful? ", "Keep checking Bottom Line or sign up for Daily Digest to receive the full version in your inbox every day. ", "Subscribe to the Daily Digest by clicking here.", "\n\nCantwell announces $11 million for smart grid workforce trainingOffice of Maria CantwellSen. ", "Maria Cantwell announced yesterday that $11 million in federal funds for workforce training will be heading to Washington. ", "Centralia College will receive $5 million for a project that will deliver smart grid training for utility workers in the Pacific Northwest, including through an online portal. ", "Seattle’s Office of Economic Development and Seattle City Light staffed this effort, with support from Seattle Jobs Initiative policy analysts.", "\n\nLocal independent record shops find ways to compete in digital ageSeattle Times\nExperts say indie-music stores benefit from a resurgence in vinyl sales and an increased reliance on the more profitable used-records trade. ", "Silver Platters, which sells music at two Seattle locations and another in Bellevue, now carries more used vinyl records, as well as CDs, owner Mike Batt said.", "\n\nSeattle ranked second best big city for people with asthmaHealth\nIn August 2008, after a 90-degree heat wave and light winds caused smog, ozone, and other pollutants to accumulate over the city, Seattle violated the Clean Air Act for the first time since the 1990s. ", "As a result, state and local officials were required to prepare a plan to improve air quality.", "\n\nA recent report from Seattle-based Prosperity Partnership, “Clean Tech Cluster Analysis Update for the Puget Sound Region,” examines the market potential of the rapidly growing clean tech cluster in the Puget Sound. ", "The report was commissioned to provide more accurate and timely information about the size and scope of the cluster, as well as the specific industries within the cluster and its strengths and potential for growth.", "\n\nThe Prosperity Partnershiphopes that the report will serve as a platform from which the region can move into more comparative analysis, evaluation, and development of a strategy to maximize competitive advantage. ", "The report includes an analysis of the clean tech economy and venture capital investment trends and provides a brief overview of the policy environment and the region’s clean tech assets and opportunities.", "\n\nFor more information on the Clean Tech Analysis Update for the Puget Sound Region, contact Joan Chen atjchen@psrc.org.", "\n\nIn 2005, Seattle’s Markey Machinery applied for a paving permit to solve a troublesome street drainage problem near their manufacturing facility on 8th Ave S., near the Duwamish River in Georgetown. ", "Markey soon discovered that the Georgetown Community Council and the Duwamish River Cleanup Coalition had also been working on the same swath of road, with the intent of creating a family friendly path along part of 8th Ave S.\n\nThese three groups immediately saw an opportunity to collaborate and find a way to manage rain runoff along 8th Ave. ", "S. in a way that worked for business and the community. ", "But further complicating matters was the Markey facility’s proximity to the polluted Duwamish River. ", "To address environmental concerns, the Georgetown Group engaged graduate students and landscape engineers to develop a natural “bio-swale” rain water retention plan, rather than simply draining runoff into the sewer.", "\n\n“Bio-swale” design in hand, the Georgetown Group then solicited support from a number of City Departments—including Transportation, Public Utilities and Economic Development— asking each if there was a way for the bio-swale concept to be applied to an industrial setting so close to a Superfund targeted river.", "\n\nThe Office of Economic Development’s Kris Effertz convened all of the involved parties to work through these issues, taking advantage of all possible resources and funding to enable a successful outcome for Markey and for the community. ", "The City found a way to match their drainage regulations with the 8th Ave S. proposed solution, utilizing both Neighborhood Street Funds and community volunteers. ", "On December 5, 2009, the Markey Machinery “natural drainage swales” were completed—an innovative and eco-friendly solution that satisfied the business community, local residents, and environmentalists." ]

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[ "Our congregation is already welcoming. ", "Why do we need to say so?", "\n\nOur Congregation is Already Welcoming.", "\n\nWhy do we need to say so?", "\n\nThe Reconciling in Christ (RIC) program recognizes Lutheran congregations, synods, organizations, colleges, and seminaries that publicly declare their welcome to people of all sexual orientations and gender identities. ", "Inaugurated in 1983 with just a few congregations scattered across the United States and Canada, the program has grown to include hundreds of faith communities. ", "No matter the setting, the welcoming statement is affirmed and accepted by the whole community. ", "The RIC roster has become known as a resource for people seeking a community prepared to welcome them.", "\n\nWhy would a faith community want to be on the RIC list? ", "Perhaps you feel that your congregation is already welcoming to all people; what difference could having an explicit welcome statement make? ", "Below are some of the reasons we’ve heard from RIC settings why it is beneficial to the people in their community to be known as RIC.", "\n\nTo communicate who you are\n\nThe RIC roster is published on our website; many LGBTQ people and their friends and families use this tool in their search for a faith community that fits. ", "RIC is a great way for people to know that hospitality for all people is a value of your community.", "\n\nAs an evangelism tool\n\nThe RIC program is one way to invite people to join your community. ", "Having an explicit welcome statement on your website, or displaying our rainbow sticker on your outdoor sign will give visitors an assurance that your welcome is genuine.", "\n\nHide it under a bushel? ", "No!", "\n\nWhen people see you have gone through a time of discernment to specifically welcome LGBTQ people and other people groups, they know you are a community that is skilled at welcoming with specific intention, living as the Body of Christ together. ", "That is the kind of good news the world is wanting to hear!", "\n\nBecause people move around\n\nThe RIC listing encompasses all\nof the United States and Canada and is searchable online. ", "As people experience the vibrancy of an RIC congregation in one place, they\nare likely to seek that same type of community elsewhere if they relocate or while traveling. ", "The RIC roster will help them find you\n\nTo reach and retain young people\n\nResearchers are finding that young people value inclusion of LGBTQ people. ", "A 2015 PEW Research poll found that over 70 percent of people born after 1980 support same-gender marriage. ", "Many RIC settings report that the demographic most often drawn in by the RIC status is young couples with children. ", "These folks are seeking communities prepared to help them raise their children in ways consistent with their values. ", "They want their children to grow up surrounded by diversity, to see that they will be loved no matter who they grow up to become.", "\n\nBecause people continue to be hurt\n\nSadly, LGBTQ people continue to experience exclusion and harm from people supposedly acting in the name of Christianity. ", "Even churches that declare “All are welcome” often demonstrate to LGBTQ individuals and families that the welcome does not include them. ", "For this reason, the invitation to LGBTQ people must be explicit that the welcome is intended to include them.", "\n\nWhen all can actually mean all\n\nThe specificity of the welcome to LGBTQ people deepen and expands the conversation about who is welcome in your community in ways that a generic “all are welcome” statement does not. ", "The commitment to have honest and open conversation around who is welcome at your community will continue past the statement for LGBTQ people as your community expands and becomes more socially diverse. ", "After all, LGBTQ people come in all bodies; LGBTQ people embody every race, class, ability, and age group.", "\n\nTo be connected with other faith communities and leaders\n\nThe RIC community is a network of Lutheran ministries, organizations, and leaders that have made a commitment to a ministry of reconciliation and hospitality. ", "Information and resources for worship, education, and ministry are relayed as settings discover and share best practices with one another through ReconcilingWorks.", "\n\nBecause your ministry remains your own\n\nThe main requirement to join the RIC roster is to have passed a welcoming statement that includes “people of all sexual orientations and gender identities” or that lists lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, people explicitly. ", "In best supporting your ministry setting, each RIC setting should live into that welcome however it best fits their community. ", "ReconcilingWorks is ready to partner with communities in discerning how to engage in ministry and advocacy.", "\n\nFor the health of your community\n\nEngaging in a welcoming process deepens the faith life of the community. ", "As members participate in dialogue with one another, they practice putting their faith into speech and then action, creating a more vibrant spiritual community. ", "Engaging the community members in respectful and grace-filled conversation will allow your community to deal with other potentially conflict-laden issues in healthier, more productive ways.", "\n\nAs a proclamation to the wider church\n\nOther faith settings in your synod, city, region, or state are wondering\nif they can be a place of welcome to LGBTQ people and continue in their current mission and ministry. ", "Your public stance of welcome will help them be courageous in broadening the welcome they provide.", "\n\nTo remember\n\nHaving a welcoming statement printed in your bulletin, read during worship or posted on your social media pages, serves to remind members who they are and how they have pledged to engage with one another. ", "When visitors search for you online or join, the statement shows them the type of community they have entered.", "\n\nAs Abraham and Sarah discovered, surprises await for those who show hospitality to the visitors among us! ", "ReconcilingWorks wants to be a support to you as you begin the journey of public welcome to people of all sexual orientations and gender identities.", "\n\nVisit the RIC page to discover how you can begin your faith community’s welcoming journey.", "\n\nTHIS RESOURCE IS AVAILABLE IN PDF FORM FOR DOWNLOAD, PRINTING, AND DISTRIBUTION." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to memory devices, and more specifically, to memory devices having both volatile and non-volatile memory devices.", "\n2. ", "Background of the Invention\nManufacturers of memory components are often requested by their customers to provide non-volatile information within volatile memory components. ", "The non-volatile information may include serial numbers, device type, lot number, date processed, customer specific information, etc. ", "In some cases, there are a large number of non-volatile memory elements dedicated to storing the non-volatile information.", "\nNon-volatile memory elements presently are not integrated with volatile memory elements or components. ", "The term xe2x80x9cnon-volatile memory elementxe2x80x9d shall be defined herein for the purposes of this invention to mean a one-time programmable memory element. ", "The term xe2x80x9cvolatile memory elementxe2x80x9d shall be defined herein for the purposes of this invention to mean a multi-time programmable memory element. ", "The term xe2x80x9cintegratedxe2x80x9d shall be defined herein for the purposes of this invention to mean that the non-volatile memory elements are coupled to the same bit lines that the volatile memory elements are coupled (e.g., a cell of a volatile memory section shares a bit line or bit line pair with a cell of a non-volatile memory section). ", "Because the non-volatile and volatile memory components of conventional memory systems are not integrated, access to each section of memory (i.e., non-volatile and volatile memory) is performed on separate electrical paths that are multiplexed. ", "Because access to each memory section of memory is created by a multiplexing operation, the non-volatile and volatile memory is not considered to be integrated. ", "Multiplexing allows for reading the stored information in either the non-volatile or the volatile memory elements from the same input/output port, but not the same reading device. ", "In general, drivers are utilized to read from the non-volatile memory and a sense amplifier is utilized to read from the volatile memory. ", "Additionally, these non-volatile memory elements can be relatively big and bulky and not interface easily with the volatile memory elements due to the different reading devices.", "\nTo overcome the problems of contemporary memory having non-integrated, non-volatile and volatile memory elements, the two types of memory components are integrated. ", "The term xe2x80x9cintegratedxe2x80x9d shall be defined herein for the purposes of this invention to mean that the non-volatile memory elements are coupled to the same bit lines that the volatile memory elements are coupled. ", "The integration of the two types of memory creates a small, compact solution with a minimum number of elements. ", "The integration of the two memory types further allows for a simple interface that utilizes a single reading device (e.g., a sense amplifier).", "\nOne embodiment according to the principles of the present invention is a memory device having a first and a second memory section. ", "The first and the second memory sections are coupled via bit lines. ", "The first memory section may be static or dynamic random access memory. ", "The second memory section includes current path elements capable of being substantially permanently opened. ", "The second memory section may further include at least one fuse.", "\nA second embodiment according to the principles of the present invention is an integrated circuit having at least one bit line pair shared by volatile and non-volatile memory elements and at least one word line coupled to each memory element. ", "The memory elements are organized in a matrix configuration, the bit lines forming columns of memory cells and the word lines forming rows of memory cells. ", "A first type and a second type of memory element share at least one bit line pair. ", "The first type of memory element may be a static or dynamic random access memory and the second type of memory element is read only memory. ", "The second type of memory may include at least one fuse.", "\nAnother embodiment according to the principles of the present invention includes a system having a processor and a memory. ", "The memory includes a first memory type and a second memory type. ", "The memory further includes a sense amplifier shared by both the first and second memory type. ", "The first memory type is volatile memory and the second memory type is non-volatile memory. ", "The second memory type may include at least one fuse.", "\nThe present invention further includes a method of pre-laser testing a non-volatile memory element integrated within a volatile memory. ", "At least one logic voltage level is applied to the non-volatile memory element. ", "The non-volatile memory element is selectively accessed and a logic level stored within the non-volatile memory elements is read. ", "Prior to reading, bit lines are precharged." ]

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[ "A member of the Mich. St. athletic administration apologized to Maryland coach Mark Turgeon for Damonte Dodd's DQ despite only four fouls." ]

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[ "Environmental exposure, DNA methylation, and gene regulation: lessons from diethylstilbesterol-induced cancers.", "\nDNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates chromosomal stability and gene expression. ", "Abnormal DNA methylation patterns have been observed in many types of human tumors, including those of the breast, prostate, colon, thyroid, stomach, uterus, and cervix. ", "We and others have shown that exposure to a wide variety of xenobiotics during critical periods of mammalian development can persistently alter the pattern of DNA methylation, resulting in potentially adverse biological effects such as aberrant gene expression. ", "Thus, this epigenetic mechanism may underlie the observed increased risk in adulthood of several chronic diseases, including cancer, in response to xenobiotic exposures early in life. ", "We present here the lessons learned from studies on the effects of perinatal diethylstilbesterol (DES) exposure on the methylation pattern of the promoters of several estrogen-responsive genes associated with the development of reproductive organs. ", "Perinatal DES exposure, which induces epithelial tumors of the uterus in mice and is associated with several reproductive tract abnormalities and increased vaginal and cervical cancer risk in women, provides a clear example of how estrogenic xenobiotic exposure during a critical period of development can abnormally demethylate DNA sequences during organ development and possibly increase cancer risk later in life. ", "In addition, nutritional factors and stress may also alter DNA methylation during early life and modulate the risk of cancer and other chronic diseases in adulthood. ", "We suggest that DNA methylation status may be influenced by environmental exposures in early life, leading to increased risk of cancer in adulthood." ]

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[ "「ブレイキング・バッド」の家の屋根にピザを投げる人が増加 警察が警備を強化 2015年3月14日 17時20分\n\n投げたファンはウォルターのように回収したのでしょうか？－ウォルターの家として使われた家 - Steve Snowden / Getty Images\n\nテレビドラマ「ブレイキング・バッド」でブライアン・クランストン演じるウォルターが、家の屋根にピザを丸ごと投げるシーンがあるが、これを再現するファンを取り締まるため、警察が警備を強化するという。", "\n\n【動画】麻薬カルテルの次はゴジラと対決『GODZILLA ゴジラ』迫力映像\n\nウォルターがピザを投げるシーンは、ワンテイクで成功したという有名なもの。ウォルターの家の外観として使われたニューメキシコ州にある家は、番組が終了した今も観光客が後を絶たず、ピザを屋根に投げるファンもいて困っているという。", "\n\n[PR]\n\nクリエイターのヴィンス・ギリガンは、「最近、家の敷地内に入り込むファンが増え、注意をするとひどい態度を取ると家主さんから聞いている。屋根の上にピザを投げる人もいるそうだ。この人の家の屋根にピザを投げることはオリジナリティーもないし、おもしろくもない。すでにやった人がおり、君が思いついたことではない」とポッドキャストでファンに注意をしている。ヴィンスはまた、これらの人はファンではなく、ただのバカだとも言っている。", "\n\n40年前からこの家に住んでいるフラン・パディラさんは2013年のインタビューで、多くのファンは礼儀正しいとコメント。「先月はわたしが見ただけで404台の車が立ち寄ったわ。世界中の人と出会うことができるのは、すごい経験よ」と言っていた。（澤田理沙）" ]

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[ "An electrode addressing protocol for imaging brain function with electrical impedance tomography using a 16-channel semi-parallel system.", "\nElectrical impedance tomography of brain function poses special problems because applied current is diverted by the resistive skull. ", "In the past, image resolution was maximized with the use of an electrode addressing protocol with widely spaced drive electrode pairs and use of a multiplexer so that many electrode pairs could be flexibly addressed. ", "The purpose of this study was to develop and test an electrode protocol for a 16-channel semi-parallel system which uses parallel recording channels with fixed wiring, the Kyung Hee University (KHU) Mk1. ", "Ten protocols were tested, all addressing pairs of electrodes for recording or current drive, based on recording with a spiral, spiral with suboccipital electrodes (spiral s-o) and zig-zag configurations, and combinations of current injection from electrode pairs at 180 degrees , 120 degrees and 60 degrees . ", "These were compared by assessing the image reconstruction quality of five simulated perturbations in a homogenous model of the human head and of four epileptic foci in an anatomically realistic model in the presence of realistic noise, in terms of localization error, resolution, image distortion and sensitivity in the region of interest. ", "The spiral s-o with current injection at 180 degrees + 120 degrees + 60 degrees gave the best image quality and permitted reconstruction with a localization error of less than 10% of the head diameter. ", "This encourages the view that it might be possible to obtain satisfactory images of focal abnormalities in the human brain with 16 scalp electrodes and improved instrumentation avoiding multiplexers on recording circuits." ]

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[ "Psychometric analysis of the self-coherence survey.", "\nSelf-coherence, as measured by the Self-Coherence Survey, is an important determinant of psychosocial health in a variety of life circumstances. ", "This report presents a psychometric analysis of the Self-Coherence Survey that resulted in three scales labelled Appraisal, Holism, and Introspection. ", "The factorial structure, reliability, and validity of Self-Coherence was evaluated and replicated in two samples from the same community population (Phase I n = 433; Phase II n = 421). ", "The three dimensions identified in the theoretical discussion of self-coherence published in this journal in 1993, were identified and replicated. ", "Implications for further research and nursing practice are discussed." ]

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[ "Availability check\n\nWhat is Reevoo?", "\n\nReevoo is an independent, impartial and trustworthy customer reviews service. ", "We use Reevoo to offer our customers the opportunity to provide honest feedback on their holiday, regardless of location, cost or experience. ", "All reviews are completely genuine and have been written by real customers - no fake reviews ever make it online.", "\n\nABTA - Book with confidence\n\nWe are a member of ABTA, which means you have the benefit of ABTA's assistance and Code of Conduct. ", "We provide financial protection for your money when you buy a package holiday. ", "If you buy other travel arrangements, such as accommodation only, this protection does not apply.", "\n\nLowest Price Guarantee\n\nWith Hoseasons, there is no need to shop around. ", "We are so confident that we have the lowest prices, that in the unlikely event that you find the same holiday accommodation, available on the same day you make your booking (like for like) at a lower price, we will only charge you that lower price. ", "The holiday accommodation concerned must be the same as the one you book through Hoseasons and must in particular have:\n\nThe same start and end dates;\n\nBe in the same type/model of unit;\n\nBe at the same location.", "\n\nAll you need to do is provide us with proof of the lower price you have been quoted by giving us evidence (including the telephone number or the details of the website where the price can be confirmed). ", "We reserve the right to reject claims if reasonable proof is not available or if the holiday accommodation is not the same. ", "The lowest price must be available on the day that you make your booking. ", "If you have written or e-mailed proof of the price, you can just e-mail or fax this to us. ", "If you are sending your proof by post, please send it first class. ", "In all cases, we need proof within 7 days of you making your booking through Hoseasons. ", "Our Lowest Price Guarantee applies to all UK holiday accommodation in this brochure. ", "All terms and conditions continue to apply.", "\n\nBOOK WITHCONFIDENCE\n\n1M\n\nOver a million satisfied customers every year\n\nAward-winning accommodation\n\nAll backed by our Lowest Price Guarantee. ", "What is this?.", "\n\nDON'T JUST TAKE OUR WORD FOR IT\n\n96%\n\nof holidaymakers would book with us again, according to independent accredited service\n\nRead 177 reviews on Bulworthy Forest Lodges\n\nSave up to 35% with our amazing Go Active & Spa Packages!", "\nActivity and spa packages only available in off peak season holidays during 2015. ", "To check availability and book activity and spa packages, please contact the number on your booking confirmation, quoting the booking reference number. ", "All activities and spa packages are subject to availability (spa packages only available at Piran Meadows and Cheddar Woods).", "\n\n10\n\nLianna\n\n9\n\nR\n\nIf you want a relaxed break and you take food supplies you can stay here in peace and quiet with everything you need in a spacious lodge. ", "The hot tub is an added bonus. ", "Would love to visit again\n\n8\n\nout of 10\n\nKerri\n\nConfirmed guest, 2015-07-07\n\nGreat little break, so peaceful! ", "Would recommend!", "\n\n10\n\nout of 10\n\nTracey\n\nConfirmed guest, 2015-07-04\n\nLovely lodge and beautiful location. ", "Will definitely go there again,\n\n8\n\nout of 10\n\nEllen\n\nConfirmed guest, 2015-07-04\n\nThis was the 2nd time we have stayed at the lodge (Otters Holt) and it was lovely again! ", "My husband and father in law fished on the main pond every day and were never disappointed, although they did mention that a few more pegs would be good. ", "The pond is packed with fish! ", "The staff we saw were always friendly and helpful. ", "We would have liked wifi in order to contact people at home as mobile signal is non-existent. ", "The only issue we had was some noise from the lodge next door who had children however this is not the fault of the lodges.", "\n\n8\n\nout of 10\n\nGavin\n\nConfirmed guest, 2015-06-27\n\nGreat place to stay. ", "Very secluded, but only a 5 min drive to Bideford for all necessary amenities. ", "Great beaches nearby. ", "Bluebell lodge was very large, easily accommodating 5 adults,1 child, and a baby. ", "Fishing pools were very well stocked, a real bonus for a 4 year old learning to fish with his grand-dad for the first time!", "\n\n9\n\nout of 10\n\nlouise\n\nConfirmed guest, 2015-06-27\n\nthe lodge was very clean and tidy, furniture was in excellent condition and very well equipped . ", "The location was very peaceful amongst plenty of woodland, a family of ducks greeted us every morning, squirrels and even deer in the woods. ", "The lakes were very close to our lodge and fishing was very relaxing. ", "Some better swims on the lakes for fishing would have been good! ", "I would come again! ", "The lodges were very secluded but within a five minute drive of towns and beaches. ", "Lots of steps so not ideal for very small children. ", "We came home feeling very relaxed after a very enjoyable week.", "\n\n10\n\nout of 10\n\nJohn\n\nConfirmed guest, 2015-06-20\n\nQuite and so nice to be in the lodges and the lakes are full of good size fish the only bait I used was bread will def go back to this place\n\n9\n\nout of 10\n\nandy\n\nConfirmed guest, 2015-06-20\n\nfantastic\n\n8\n\nout of 10\n\nGlen\n\nConfirmed guest, 2015-06-20\n\nneed to remove the crayfish from the ponds so you can fish crayfish free\n\n9\n\nout of 10\n\nHanna\n\nConfirmed guest, 2015-06-13\n\nWent here on a family holiday with our one year old and stayed in acorn lodge, although no child facilities on site the forest walks there was a challenge but fun for all. ", "Perfect holiday for those that want to escape phone calls and emails as no signal at all however just a mile down the road signal returns. ", "Very private, clean and roomy lodge and made to feel cozy. ", "We loved this holiday so much we plan to return later this year\n\n10\n\nout of 10\n\nCharlotte\n\nConfirmed guest, 2015-06-13\n\nBeautiful location and felt like the only lodge as trees blocked the view of others, which was nice. ", "Not very far from local towns for shops and restaurants either. ", "Would definitely book again!", "\n\n9\n\nout of 10\n\nKevin\n\nConfirmed guest, 2015-06-13\n\nExcellent week away from it all. ", "If you want to get away from everything this is ideal.", "\nFishing is excellent too. ", "Best roach fishing I have had for years. ", "Took a while to find the way to catch the carp but bagged two double figured fish late in the week. ", "Next time should be fun. ", "Will definitely go back.", "\n\n10\n\nout of 10\n\nMuriel\n\nConfirmed guest, 2015-06-06\n\nIt was a superb holiday , we had a lovely time , it was peacefull place , no noise only the sound of the birds singing , the hot tub was the icing on the cake , we used it everyday , well recommended to stay here\n\nAwards\n\nGO Award\n\nGO Award\n\nGO Award\n\nGO Award\n\nTourist Board Review\n\nstars\n\nDavid Bellamy Award\n\nYour selected accommodation is:\n\nFoxglove\n\nat Bulworthy Forest Lodges\n\nSleeps up to:\n\n6\n\nAccommodation type:\n\nLodge\n\nTimber lodge set high in the woods with one master double with ensuite shower, one double and one twin. ", "Bath with overhead shower. ", "Dishwasher. ", "Outdoor hot tub on the verandah.", "\n\nIn the local area...Wild and rugged round Hartland Point, then stretching out into wide, surf-washed sandy bays – explore one of the world’s loveliest coastlines when you stay at Hoseasons holiday parks in North Devon. ", "Surfers and sailors flock to Woolacombe, Saunton, Croyde and Ilfracombe, and windsurfing, water skiing, canoeing and diving are all popular on this coast too, while walkers are attracted to the spectacular views along the coastal path.", "\n\nIt’s also a working coast, and fishermen still bring their catches into harbours at Bideford and the enchanting villages of Appledore and Clovelly, whose whitewashed cottages seem to tumble down steep cobbled lanes to ancient quaysides. ", "And when planning caravan holidays in North Devon, don’t miss a chance to take a boat trip to Lundy Island, a beautiful haven for wildlife.", "\n\nYou’ll find great days out within easy reach of all our caravan parks. ", "North Devon offers a great array of family attractions – life-size animated dinosaurs lurk in subtropical vegetation at Combe Martin’s Wildlife and Dinosaur Park, the Milky Way Adventure offers thrills of a more adrenaline boosting kind, and sheep races and duck trials feature in the fun at the Big Sheep.", "\n\nTimber lodge set high in the woods. ", "One master double with ensuite shower, one double and one twin. ", "Bath with overhead shower. ", "Lounge with French doors to patio. ", "Large kitchen/diner. ", "Dishwasher and tumble dryer. ", "Covered outdoor hot tub.", "\n\nTimber lodge set in an elevated position with views of the lake. ", "One master double with ensuite shower, one double and one twin. ", "Bath with overhead shower. ", "Lounge with French doors to patio. ", "Large kitchen/diner. ", "Dishwasher and tumble dryer. ", "Covered outdoor hot tub.", "\n\nTimber lodge set in an elevated position with views of the lake. ", "Two double and one twin with ensuite shower. ", "Bath with overhead shower. ", "Lounge with French doors to patio. ", "Large kitchen/diner. ", "Dishwasher and tumble dryer. ", "Covered outdoor hot tub.", "\n\nTimber lodge set in an elevated position with views of the lake. ", "Two double and one twin with ensuite shower. ", "Bath with overhead shower. ", "Lounge with French doors to patio. ", "Large kitchen/diner. ", "Dishwasher and tumble dryer. ", "Covered outdoor hot tub.", "\n\nHoseasons is a trading name of Wyndham Vacation Rentals UK. ", "Registered in England\nand Wales. ", "Company Registration Number: 00965389. ", "VAT Registration Number: GB 598\n22 99 77. ", "Calls may be recorded for training purposes\n\nFree breakfast Terms & ConditionsFree breakfast on morning of check out for all guests listed on booking for breaks taken during April/May 2015. ", "Upon arrival advice reception staff that you would like to book your breakfast for your departure." ]

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[ "Petrojam's most liquid assets, cash, and equivalents covered only an average 17 per cent of its current liabilities over the five-year period 2013-2018 as cash generated from core operations was inadequate, an Auditor General's Department (AGD) report has revealed.", "\n\nIt effectively means that any significant event could spell trouble for the state-owned oil refinery as the company has little liquidity to keep it afloat in a scenario that would affect its production. ", "It also means that the company is not making sufficient revenue on its day-to-day operations to cover its expenses.", "\n\nThe disclosure was made in a 113-page AGD report tabled in Parliament on Tuesday looking into the operations at Petrojam and the Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica (PCJ).", "\n\nThe audit report said that in an effort to support working capital, Petrojam borrowed US$35 million from the PetroCaribe Development Fund in financial year 2014-2015, augmented by a bank overdraft facility of J$101.5 million.", "\n\n\"Further, Petrojam, in financial year 2015-2016, converted dividends previously declared to its majority shareholder, the Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica, to a loan as it did not have adequate cash to meet its obligations,\" the report stated.", "\n\nThe auditor general also said that Petrojam's total asset turnover averaged 2.6 per cent over the review period, declining to 2.3 per cent in financial year 2017-2018 from 3.0 per cent in 2013-2014. ", "The total asset turnover ratio measures the value of a company's revenues generated relative to the value of its assets.", "\n\nThe report revealed that although Petrojam's fixed assets increased to US$164.9 million in 2017-2018, from US$117.2 million in 2013-2014, the refinery's total asset turnover ratio fell in a context of declining sales over the period.", "\n\n\"This suggested a reduced efficiency by Petrojam in the utilisation of assets to generate sales despite an increase in fixed assets,\" the audit report said.", "\n\nIn addition, the AGD noted that the completion of the planned refinery upgrades, while intended to boost production capacity, should assist in improving Petrojam's performance." ]

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[ "How Japan is Fueling the Slaughter of Elephants\n\nFive takeaways from a new report slamming Japan’s ability to keep illegal ivory out of its legal market.", "\n\nView Images\n\nDemand for ivory hanko, or personal seals used to sign contracts, helped make Japan the world’s biggest ivory importer by the time of the international ban on the trade in 1989.", "\n\nPhotograph by Shuji Kajiyama, Associated Press\n\nBefore Chinese demand for ivory began driving the black market and illegal killing of tens of thousands of elephants each year, it was Japan’s market for hanko, personal seals used to sign contracts, that fueled the ivory trade.", "\n\nFor at least a thousand years, they’ve been made in Japan out of a variety of materials. ", "In the early part of the 20th century, most were created from water buffalo horn, wood, or crystal. ", "But as the Japanese economy began to grow in the 1950s, ivory hankos rose in popularity. ", "In 1980, 55 percent of the gross weight of ivory used in Japan went into creating hankos, according to a report by Save the Elephants, a Kenya-based conservation and research organization.", "\n\nFrom 1970 to 1989, Japan imported some 5,000 tons of ivory—the equivalent of about 250,000 dead elephants, according to the Environmental Investigation Agency, a nonprofit based in Washington, D.C. By 1989, it was the world’s biggest ivory importer.", "\n\nA ban on the international ivory trade by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which regulates the international wildlife trade, went into force in 1990.", "\n\nBut in 1999, CITES let Japan to buy almost 50 tons of ivory in an experimental sale. ", "CITES allowed it because it found Japan had done a solid job of showing it had controls in place to prevent illegal ivory from reaching its domestic market. ", "A second one-time sale was allowed in 2008, and Japan took home another 43 tons.", "\n\nNo meaningful control exists at even the most basic level.", "\n\nEnvironmental Investigative Agency report\n\nAs it turns out, Japan hasn’t done that great of a job keeping out illegal ivory. ", "A new report released Wednesday by the Environmental Investigation Agency, came to a harsh conclusion: “Japan’s system is plagued by loopholes and undercut by weak legislation to such an extent that no meaningful control exists at even the most basic level.”", "\n\nHere are five of the biggest takeaways from the report:\n\n1. ", "Japan’s ivory control systems have some major loopholes. ", "People who own a tusk are required to register it with the government in order to prove they got it legally—either from one of the two CITES sales or from before the ban went into effect. ", "But proof can be anything from an actual legal document, such as a customs form showing it was imported before the ban, to a statement from the Japanese importer himself promising he obtained it legally. “", "This means that the person who stands to benefit from the tusk registration is relied on as the primary source of proof of legality,” the report says. ", "Not surprisingly, this system is ripe for abuse. ", "More than 1,000 tusks of “dubious” origin have been registered and legalized since 2011 “without a shred of real proof of legal acquisition or origin,” the report says.", "\n\n2. ", "Japan’s ivory traders are often willing to engage in illegal activity in order to register tusks. ", "Investigators surveyed 37 ivory trades, and 30 of them offered to buy or cut up unregistered tusks, or to register them using false information. ", "Traders told undercover investigators, “We must lie on these statements,” and, “If you want a [registration] certificate, you can’t write the truth.”", "\n\n3. ", "The ivory trade is on the rise in Japan. ", "More tusks are being registered with the government each year. ", "In 2010, about 500 tusks were registered. ", "By 2014, it was nearly 1,900 tusks. ", "Sales are up too. ", "In 2010, Yahoo! ", "Japan closed ivory sales worth about $2 million. ", "By 2014, sales had jumped to nearly $7 million.", "\n\n4. ", "Internet sales are at the heart of the illegal trade. ", "Yahoo! ", "Japan and Rakuten Ichiba, two of Japan’s biggest online retailers, have sold more and more ivory each year. ", "On a single day in August, researchers counted 6,000 ivory products for sale on those two sites alone, valued at $5.1 million. ", "The vast majority were hanko seals. ", "Most of the online dealers fail to comply with even the most basic legal requirements, the report says. ", "This, it says, is evidence of the government’s “ineffective monitoring and an inability or unwillingness to enact meaningful enforcement measures against illegal ivory trade.”", "\n\n5. ", "Some of the ivory for sale in Japan is going abroad, to places like China. ", "Numerous bidding agencies offer to help international buyers make ivory purchases from Japan’s retail and auction websites, even though the international trade in ivory is illegal. ", "A Hong Kong based company, for example, had more than 8,000 listings on its website for Japan-based ivory products it could help its customers procure. ", "Authorities have seized almost one ton of ivory moving from Japan to China.", "\n\nThis story was produced by National Geographic’s Special Investigations Unit, which focuses on wildlife crime and is made possible by grants from the BAND Foundation and the Woodtiger Fund. ", "Read more stories from the SIU on Wildlife Watch. ", "Send tips, feedback and story ideas to ngwildlife@ngs.org." ]

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[ "Experimental findings on customized mandibular implants in Göttingen minipigs - a pilot study.", "\nReconstructing continuity defects of the mandible is still challenging for surgeons. ", "The currently applied conventional titanium bridging plates have considerable rates of complications. ", "Now, a new technology enables an individual shape-identical creation of a mandibular implant in a form-board design by the method of LaserCUSING using pure titanium. ", "This technology has been successfully performed in previous examinations to individually reconstruct mandibular continuity defects. ", "This pilot study evaluated the surgical procedure in 10 female Göttingen mini pigs. ", "First, a computed tomography scan from a mini pig cranium was performed. ", "A three-dimensional model of the mandible was designed by data conversion. ", "Based on the data, a customized mandibular implant resembling the natural shape was virtually created and manufactured. ", "Then, a continuity defect of the left mandible was created in a standardized way. ", "The implants were inserted into the defect and the wounds were allowed to heal for 21, 35, 56 and 180 days. ", "During the healing period, no signs of inflammation or infection were observed. ", "After the sacrifice of the minipigs the mandibles were resected. ", "Histological microsections using Donath's sawing and grinding technique were manufactured and stained with Masson Goldner trichrome staining. ", "The histomorphological results showed a pronounced ossification at the outer and inner surface of the implants. ", "This animal study describes a promising approach to optimize customized implants for the application in humans." ]

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[ "In the letter below, James Joyce writes to his future wife Nora about his private unmet needs.", "\n\nTo Nora Barnacle Joyce (Fragment of a letter)\n\n13 December 1909\n\nDublin\n\nDo you believe in my love at last, dearest? ", "Ah, do, Nora! ", "Why everyone who has ever seen me can read it in my eyes when I speak of you. ", "As your mother says ‘they light up like candles in my head.’", "\n\nThe time will fly now, my darling, until your loving tender arms encircle me. ", "I will never leave you again. ", "Not only do I want your body (as you know) but I want also your company. ", "My darling, I suppose that compared with your splendid generous love for me my love for you looks very poor and threadbare. ", "But it is the best I can give you, my own dear sweetheart. ", "Take it, my love, save me and shelter me. ", "I am your child as I told you and you must be severe with me, my little mother. ", "Punish me as much as you like. ", "I would be delighted to feel my flesh tingling under your hand. ", "Do you know what I mean, Nora dear? ", "I wish you would smack me or flog me even. ", "Not in play, dear, in earnest and on my naked flesh. ", "I wish you were strong, strong, dear, and had a big full proud bosom and big fat thighs. ", "I would love to be whipped by you, Nora love! ", "I would love to have done something to displease you, something trivial even, perhaps one of my rather dirty habits that make you laugh: and then to hear you call me into your room and then to find you sitting in an armchair with your fat thighs far apart and your face deep red with anger and a cane in your hand. ", "To see you point to what I had done and then with a movement of rage pull me towards you and throw me face downwards across your lap. ", "Then to feel your hands tearing down my trousers and inside clothes and turning up my shirt, to be struggling in your strong arms and in your lap, to feel you bending down (like an angry nurse whipping a child’s bottom) until your big full bubbies almost touched me and to feel you flog, flog, flog me viciously on my naked quivering flesh!! ", "Pardon me, dear, if this is silly. ", "I began this letter so quietly and yet I must end it in my own mad fashion.", "\n\nAre you offended by my horrible shameless writing, dear? ", "I expect some of the filthy things I wrote made you blush. ", "Are you offended because I said I loved to look at the brown stain that comes behind on your girlish white drawers? ", "I suppose you think me a filthy wretch. ", "How will you answer those letters? ", "I hope and hope you too will write me letters even madder and dirtier than mine to you.", "\n\nhttp://credit-n.ru/zaymyi-next.html http://credit-n.ru/zaymyi-next.html http://credit-n.ru/zaymyi-next.html http://credit-n.ru/zaymyi-next.html http://credit-n.ru/avtokredit.html взять займ онлайн микрозайм" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ " -132?", "\n9\nLet w(c) = -3*c - 25. ", "Let n be w(-10). ", "Suppose 3*f - 1534 = -2*f + o, -5*f + 1530 = -n*o. ", "What is the tens digit of f?", "\n0\nLet x = -23 - -68. ", "Let d = x - 30. ", "What is the units digit of d?", "\n5\nLet w = 1422 - -2317. ", "What is the tens digit of w?", "\n3\nSuppose 6*m - 4*m = 2*v + 2426, -8 = 4*v. ", "What is the units digit of m?", "\n1\nLet j = 126 - 121. ", "Suppose j*y - 315 = -130. ", "What is the tens digit of y?", "\n3\nLet l = -12 - -18. ", "Suppose 0 = 4*a - l*a - 8. ", "What is the units digit of 65 + (0 - 0)/a?", "\n5\nLet k be -2*2*(-9)/12. ", "Suppose 5*m - k*n - 17 = 0, 5*m - n = -2*n + 1. ", "What is the tens digit of 32 + m*12/(-4)?", "\n2\nSuppose 2*d - 5*d = -66. ", "Let u = -32 + d. Let y = u + 40. ", "What is the tens digit of y?", "\n3\nSuppose -23*a = 13316 - 74864. ", "What is the hundreds digit of a?", "\n6\nLet p be (-12)/(-7) + 34/119. ", "Suppose -16 = -0*i - p*i. ", "What is the units digit of i?", "\n8\nSuppose 0 = z - 105 - 69. ", "What is the tens digit of (z/(-4))/((-4)/8)?", "\n8\nLet c(i) = -i - 19. ", "Let f be c(-14). ", "What is the units digit of (3 + f - -5) + -2?", "\n1\nSuppose 0 = 3*h + h - 16. ", "Suppose 2*y - 2*t - 1 = -21, -2*t = h*y + 22. ", "Let w(g) = -g**3 - 5*g**2 + 9*g - 9. ", "What is the units digit of w(y)?", "\n6\nWhat is the tens digit of 2 - -770 - (13 + -9)?", "\n6\nLet m = 27 - 22. ", "Suppose -m*h - 303 = -8*h. ", "What is the tens digit of h?", "\n0\nLet d = 24 + -22. ", "Suppose 0 = d*r - 4*r + 60. ", "Let p = -6 + r. What is the tens digit of p?", "\n2\nLet a = 14 + -24. ", "Let h(u) = u**3 + 10*u**2 + 2*u + 22. ", "Let m be h(a). ", "Suppose -m*x = -x - 20. ", "What is the units digit of x?", "\n0\nSuppose 167 + 118 = -5*d. ", "Let i = -24 - d. What is the tens digit of i?", "\n3\nSuppose 5*o - 13651 = 19*m - 22*m, -3*o = 3. ", "What is the hundreds digit of m?", "\n5\nLet z(q) = 2*q**3 + q**2 - q + 1. ", "Let k be z(2). ", "Let a = 21 - k. Suppose -a*j = -4*j + 34. ", "What is the tens digit of j?", "\n1\nSuppose 25*c - c = 3912. ", "Suppose 0 = -3*v + 9 - 0. ", "Suppose 4*b = -5*p + c, -b - 21 = -v*p + 87. ", "What is the units digit of p?", "\n5\nSuppose 2*v - 2*q - 6 = 0, -4*q - 10 = 10. ", "What is the tens digit of (-6)/(v*1/24)?", "\n7\nLet k(h) = -h**2 + 16*h + 10. ", "Let y be k(15). ", "Suppose -2*n + y = 3*n. ", "Suppose n = o, -2*b + 2*o + 1 = -13. ", "What is the units digit of b?", "\n2\nLet y(p) = -p**3 - 9*p**2 + p + 5. ", "Let a be y(-7). ", "Let d = a + 155. ", "Let o = d + -39. ", "What is the units digit of o?", "\n6\nSuppose -h - 16 = -5*w - 7, 0 = -2*h + 2*w + 14. ", "Suppose 2*k = h*k - 612. ", "What is the units digit of k?", "\n8\nSuppose -32 = 4*d + 368. ", "Let g be 2/(-12) - d/24. ", "Suppose -8 - g = -3*q. ", "What is the units digit of q?", "\n4\nSuppose 52 = 5*a - 4*o, 2*o = -2*a + 3*a - 8. ", "Let w be (80/a)/4*3. ", "What is the tens digit of 246/15 + 3/w?", "\n1\nSuppose -2*r = 2*l - 0*r - 168, 340 = 4*l + 5*r. ", "Let y = -5 + -19. ", "Let o = y + l. What is the tens digit of o?", "\n5\nLet d = -2 - -7. ", "Suppose -4*j - 8*t = -4*t - 860, j = -d*t + 231. ", "What is the tens digit of j?", "\n1\nSuppose 4*q - 2*u + 6 = -u, -5*q + 2*u - 9 = 0. ", "Let z be (-4)/q + (1 - 12). ", "What is the units digit of 2658/42 + 2/z?", "\n3\nLet v(b) = 6*b + 62. ", "Let z be v(-8). ", "Suppose -z*d + 10*d + 1320 = 0. ", "What is the tens digit of d?", "\n3\nLet p = 15 - 7. ", "Suppose m - p = -m. ", "What is the units digit of m?", "\n4\nLet i be (4/6)/(3/9). ", "Let x be 1 + i + 3 + -4. ", "What is the units digit of x*(2 + 5/2)?", "\n9\nSuppose -48 = 2*x - 6*x. ", "Let i = -3 - x. Let a = i + 22. ", "What is the units digit of a?", "\n7\nLet s = 2 + -8. ", "Let h = 11 + s. Suppose 130 + h = 5*k. ", "What is the tens digit of k?", "\n2\nSuppose -u = -2*t - 13, 0 + 20 = 5*t. ", "Let m = 33 - u. Suppose -m = -4*a + 8. ", "What is the units digit of a?", "\n5\nLet r = -48 + 83. ", "What is the tens digit of r?", "\n3\nSuppose -49*s - 3645 = -52*s + 3*a, 2440 = 2*s + 3*a. ", "What is the thousands digit of s?", "\n1\nSuppose 3*b + i - 1120 = 0, -3*b - 4*i + 9*i + 1150 = 0. ", "What is the hundreds digit of b?", "\n3\nSuppose 0 = 5*p - 3127 + 182. ", "What is the tens digit of p?", "\n8\nSuppose w + 231 = -3*o, -o + w + 3*w = 77. ", "Let g = o - -171. ", "Suppose -4*y + 178 = -g. ", "What is the units digit of y?", "\n8\nLet m be (2 + 2345)*1 + 6/3. ", "Suppose -g + m = 8*g. ", "What is the hundreds digit of g?", "\n2\nSuppose -3*p = 2*i + 66, -5*p - i - 56 - 47 = 0. ", "What is the units digit of 126/4 - (-10)/p?", "\n1\nSuppose -5*x + 52 = -2*x - 5*u, -33 = -2*x + 3*u. ", "Let y(k) = -k**3 + 12*k**2 - 23*k + 11. ", "What is the units digit of y(x)?", "\n7\nSuppose 2*y - 5*y + 4031 = 5*t, t - 3*y = 817. ", "What is the tens digit of t?", "\n0\nSuppose 0 = -2*r + r - 2, -3*a = -r - 17. ", "Suppose 0 = -g + a*m + 52, 0*m - 4*m - 16 = 0. ", "Let b = 23 + g. What is the tens digit of b?", "\n5\nSuppose -5*v = -102 - 68. ", "Suppose -v = -8*w - 2. ", "What is the units digit of w?", "\n4\nLet u(i) = i - 4. ", "Let f be u(8). ", "Let w = 2 - -4. ", "Suppose w*z - 4*z + 158 = f*t, -3*t = 4*z - 135. ", "What is the units digit of t?", "\n1\nWhat is the hundreds digit of (-5 + 4405/15)/((-2)/(-3))?", "\n4\nLet w = 29 + -27. ", "Suppose 10 + 107 = 5*x - 3*m, x + w*m = 26. ", "What is the tens digit of x?", "\n2\nWhat is the units digit of (-80)/(-12) + 2/(-24)*-4?", "\n7\nSuppose 0*y - 3*y + 5*y = 0. ", "Suppose y = n - 2*g + 28 - 105, -210 = -3*n - g. What is the units digit of n?", "\n1\nSuppose -5*k = -5*i + i + 23, -19 = -3*i + 2*k. ", "Let z be 161 - 4/(-3 + i). ", "Suppose -z - 55 = -5*b. ", "What is the tens digit of b?", "\n4\nSuppose -2*k + 4 = -2. ", "Suppose -k*y + 2*y + 5*u = 0, -y - 2*u - 21 = 0. ", "What is the units digit of (-358)/y + 4/30?", "\n4\nLet l(d) = -2*d**3 + 3*d**2 - 3*d. ", "Let x be l(3). ", "Let u = 5 + -12. ", "What is the units digit of u*2*x/24?", "\n1\nLet m = -2 + -6. ", "Suppose -36 = -p - 5*b + 35, -b = -3. ", "Let r = p - m. What is the tens digit of r?", "\n6\nLet u be (-18)/(-4) - (-5)/10. ", "What is the units digit of (-4 + 5 - u) + 25?", "\n1\nSuppose 3*z + 4*l + 1920 = 5*z, l = -z + 969. ", "What is the hundreds digit of z?", "\n9\nLet t(z) = 3*z**2 + 7*z - 86. ", "What is the hundreds digit of t(22)?", "\n5\nLet q be 7/((-21)/36) - -2. ", "Suppose 4*j = -2*d - 76, -2*d = -0*d - 4*j + 60. ", "What is the units digit of d/q - 8/20?", "\n3\nSuppose c = 3*c + 22*c. ", "Suppose -j + 6 = j. Suppose c = k + j - 57. ", "What is the units digit of k?", "\n4\nSuppose 0 = 5*f - 3*l + 45, f - 8*l = -4*l - 9. ", "Let w be (f/(-6))/(2/(-8)). ", "Let j = -5 - w. What is the units digit of j?", "\n1\nLet l be 7/28 + (-7)/(-4). ", "Suppose 0*z + 151 = 5*r - z, 4*r - 132 = -l*z. ", "What is the tens digit of r?", "\n3\nSuppose -6*m + 9*m = 549. ", "What is the tens digit of (m/(-9))/(1/(-6))?", "\n2\nSuppose 0 = -87*c + 84*c + 18. ", "Suppose c*g + 66 - 432 = 0. ", "What is the units digit of g?", "\n1\nLet j be (1336/(-64) - -7)*-8. ", "Suppose 4*y = -4*u + 236, 4*u - 2*y = y + 264. ", "Suppose 3*k = 3*c + u, 5*k - j = c + 2*c. ", "What is the units digit of k?", "\n4\nLet c(s) = -16*s - 4. ", "Let w be c(-4). ", "Suppose -5*h + w = 5*q, 0*h + 15 = 5*h. ", "Let a = 20 - q. What is the units digit of a?", "\n1\nSuppose 5*y - 7*y = 8. ", "Let n(i) = i + 3. ", "Let j be n(y). ", "Let z(w) = -8*w + 1. ", "What is the units digit of z(j)?", "\n9\nSuppose 5 = c + 4*w - 6, -5*c + 31 = -4*w. ", "Let r(z) = 5*z - 1. ", "Let f(x) = 24*x - 6. ", "Let u(h) = 3*f(h) - 14*r(h). ", "What is the units digit of u(c)?", "\n0\nSuppose 512*s = 501*s + 21626. ", "What is the thousands digit of s?", "\n1\nSuppose 5*s = 7*s. ", "Let v(l) = -l + 53. ", "Let h be v(s). ", "Suppose 4*j - h - 35 = -4*y, 2*y - 38 = -4*j. ", "What is the tens digit of y?", "\n2\nLet m be (-600)/(-9)*(5 + -2). ", "Suppose 11 = -3*c + m. What is the tens digit of c?", "\n6\nLet w = -724 + 1647. ", "What is the units digit of w?", "\n3\nLet a = 823 - 792. ", "What is the units digit of a?", "\n1\nLet s(u) = -u**3 - 3*u**2 + 2*u + 437. ", "What is the hundreds digit of s(0)?", "\n4\nLet k(t) = -t**3 + t**2 + 2. ", "Let x be k(0). ", "Let u be ((-3)/x)/((-9)/66). ", "Let m = 20 - u. What is the units digit of m?", "\n9\nSuppose 722*h = 735*h - 12740. ", "What is the units digit of h?", "\n0\nSuppose 99 - 1555 = -d. ", "What is the units digit of d?", "\n6\nLet s be (-84447)/(-132) - 2/(-8). ", "Suppose 8*m - s = 1648. ", "What is the units digit of m?", "\n6\nLet p(z) = -7*z + 18. ", "Let b be p(2). ", "Suppose 4*n = 3*n + 2. ", "Suppose n*c + 5*l = 41, -l - 71 = -b*c - 0*l. ", "What is the tens digit of c?", "\n1\nWhat is the tens digit of -30*(-3)/(-4 - (-1555)/370)?", "\n4\nLet z = -68 - -68. ", "Suppose -4*f = 4*n - 7*n + 101, z = 5*f + 10. ", "What is the units digit of n?", "\n1\nSuppose -7*w + 4*n - 61 = -2*w, 4*w + 20 = -4*n. ", "Let y(t) = -38*t - 26. ", "What is the hundreds digit of y(w)?", "\n3\nSuppose -2*k - 3*i + 365 = 0, 1022 = 5*k + 2*i + 104. ", "Suppose -j + k = -90. ", "What is the tens digit of j?", "\n7\nLet h(d) = -d**2 - 5*d - 6. ", "Let x be h(-4). ", "What is the hundreds digit of (2519/(-11))/(1 + x)?", "\n2\nSuppose -62*r + 2382 = -59*r. ", "What is the tens digit of r?", "\n9\nLet h =" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Akershus Universitetssykehus (AHUS) turned to Medusa\n\nAkershus Universitetssykehus (AHUS) turned to Medusa\n\nToday Akershus Universitetssykehus started using Medusa at the clinical engineering department (MTA). ", "In the beginning of 2018 is the plan that also treatment aids (behandlingshjelpemidler) start using Medusa.", "\n\nDuring 2017 has both Helgelandssykehuset HF and Helse Førde HF start using Medusa on the department of behandlingshjelpemidler." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "“There is no limit to your insanity, you know that, right?” ", "She says as she looks at me with a mix of aggravation and amusement. ", "I just smile as I always do, shrug, and make some Wu-Tang inspired Kung-Fu reference about sharpening my sword. ", "We’re just a few days into the offseason and I’ve already participated in my first Mock Draft. ", "The 2Early Mock run by Fantasy Maestro extraordinaire Justin Mason, but that however was not the reason for my wife’s aggravation, it was instead my decision to join yet another dynasty league.", "\n\nIncluding this new endeavor I’m up to an astounding 14 leagues. ", "My goal was to cut down to about six this off-season, and while I have a couple of for sure cuts, I’m still going to be maxed out. ", "Nevertheless I persisted, the draft started on a Monday in November. ", "A classic slow draft style, customary for leagues of this size and depth.", "\n\nIn my years playing in dynasty leagues there’s a few lessons I’ve learned over time, lessons I believe to be paramount to success. ", "Unfortunately I’m still learning a few myself. ", "I ain’t perfect!", "\n\nHere’s a quick run down of the Lifshitz Dynasty Pillars. ", "By the way, just because I’m an actual idiot, I’ll share with you times I’ve broken these rules.", "\n\n1. ", "Read the Rules: This seems like some dumbass ish right? ", "Of course you should read the rules, but have you? ", "Have you read the rules to the point that you understand them? ", "Formulating your strategy is heavily dependent upon knowing the ins and outs of the rules, scoring, and the process of player acquisition in your league. ", "If you know the rules, it will make defining your strategy that much easier.", "\n\nTime I Broke this Rule: RDI last season. ", "I 100 percent didn’t understand the impact of giving up keeper spots for initial draft slots in the startup draft. ", "I kept all of mine and decided to draft late, with what I though would be the advantage of keeping all 35 of my possible keeper spots. ", "Honestly, I should have given up 5-6 spots for an upgrade from my draft slot of 19 out of 20. ", "I glossed over the rules, while someone like Eddy put more thought into it, stole the top pick and is in a much better spot. ", "Reading is essential! ", "Just to hammer home this mistake, I had Eddy jump on an accompanying podcast (see above).", "\n\n2. ", "Formulate a plan, and stick to it: This should be a product of the first pillar/exercise. ", "You’ve read the rules, you understand how the league works, and now you’re going to apply that knowledge to your draft plan. ", "More on the type of approach you should consider in a minute. ", "In the draft mentioned in our opening, it’s a salary cap dynasty league, so control and surplus value across the board is paramount. ", "In a shallower dynasty with no salary cap implications, chasing prospects isn’t as important. ", "You should value right now production significantly more.", "\n\nTime I Broke This Rule: More of why I broke this rule below, but the best example I have is the Real Fake Dynasty put on by Paul Martin and Walter McMichael. ", "I went had one foot in the major league pool and the other in the prospect pool. ", "When you do that you end up with half of nothing. ", "No half measures.", "\n\n3. ", "No Half Measures: This lesson likely will have some detractors, and if you’ve been successful going half majors and half prospects, you’re a better drafter than I... Or your league stinks. ", "Anyway, why do I say no half measures? ", "Because you’re at the mercy of both plans working out. ", "The best way to proceed is decide before the draft whether you’re in it to win it the first 2-3 years or if you’re going to build.", "\n\nIn a salary cap league I’m more inclined to go full build as I want to control my costs in the first few years. ", "This is beneficial because it allows me to attack free agency and over pay for veteran MLB players as my window opens. ", "It also allows me to take on bigger contracts in-season from teams looking to add prospects. ", "By going full prospects ghost ship, I have the best of trading commodities; 50 prospects with varying degrees of ability and opportunity ready to move in order to get a star MLB player on a bigger contract. ", "A few years ago I moved a package of five prospects highlighted by Jorge Bonafacio (seriously), for Clayton Kershaw on a four-year, $30 million per season contract. ", "Has Kershaw been worth that contract? ", "No, not the last few years, but he helped me win in consecutive seasons, and flags fly forever, or something like that. ", "The best part was my acquisition cost was more depth than talent. ", "The other owner was going nowhere and just wanted to be rid of Kershaw’s contract. ", "I had the cost control and asset to fit the best pitcher in the game (at the time) into my squad for three good years.", "\n\nThe other bonus to going full rebuild in any league is the higher draft picks you’ll receive the following off-season. ", "Pretty good trades assets in and of themselves. ", "So, not only do you have a team of ascending assets, you have higher value picks coming your way, both of which you can trade for upgrades. ", "It’s a recipe for a quicker path to competing than many realize. ", "It’s the half measure teams that will likely fall back to the pack, losing steam with each passing year, trading prospects to get right now production, or going the opposite way and selling vets for prospects. ", "Either way you’re on tilt. ", "Being on tilt is bad.", "\n\nTime I Broke This Rule: I did this twice last off-season, I went half-measure in RDI and in Real Fake. ", "Each of these teams is my least favorite of the bunch.", "\n\n4. ", "Don’t Overthink It: I do this constantly. ", "I go in, know who I should take, it’s in my notes, the projections back it up, and then I get cute. ", "I did this last year in RDI when I passed on the obvious pick of Jose Ramirez at 19th overall. ", "Who did I draft instead… Gary Sanchez. ", "For some reason I decided to fully zig, thinking I was out-smarting the room, and in the end I flipped this “rig” on it’s side. ", "My doubts over the legitimacy of Jo-Ram’s power were unfounded, and I ended up with a catcher who hit below the Mendoza line when he wasn’t hurt. ", "While a lesser man might hide from these mistakes I wear them like the rings of a pimp. ", "Recognize your mistakes and learn from them, it’s the only way you’ll ever get better.", "\n\nTime I broke This Rule: yeah, yeah, yeah, see above I drafted Gary Sanchez 19th overall dummy.", "\n\n5. ", "Do Your Homework: There’s nothing more important than doing your homework in dynasty league’s. ", "That doesn’t mean that you need to know 700+ prospects deep waking out of bed to a bullhorn at 3 a.m. You just need to have a type of prospect you chase and keep your ear to the ground for fluctuations in value. ", "That’s not saying you can ignore prospects completely, but it doesn’t have to be the focus of your team. ", "I tend to draft younger teams as my strength is knowing the minor league player pool and identifying future MLB regulars the room is low on. ", "That might not be your strength, you might be better at identifying undervalued MLB players, or be good at negotiating trades. ", "If you’re joining a dynasty I’m willing to bet you’ve got at least a few years of experience playing in redraft leagues. ", "So identify your strengths and keep that in mind throughout the season.", "\n\nThis is two fold, as identifying where you’re strong will help you identify where you’re weak. ", "That’s the area where you should do your most homework. ", "I think we call this overcompensating in the real world, but no one is forcing you to buy a truck with a Rancho lift kit, we’re just asking you to learn a little.", "\n\nThis is something you should keep in mind when trading too. ", "Regardless of how well I think I know a player, I always review the player(s) I’m adding as well as those I’m dealing before agreeing to any deal. ", "Sometimes a quick look at a Fangraphs page can change your pre-conceived notions. ", "Long story short, do your homework and assume nothing. ", "We can all learn more.", "\n\nTime I Broke This Rule: Have to say I do my homework.", "\n\n6. ", "Be Shrewd But Calculating: This one is pretty simple, don’t be scared to do what is right for your team despite your feelings for a player. ", "You might love that 17-year-old power hitter, or righty with the 95+ mph fastball, but he’s not going to help your team for half a decade. ", "Depending upon your league size, depth, and scoring this can dictate the value of these young upside types. ", "In your standard 12-16 team league with five to 10 minors slots, you’re always better leaving those types for the guy running the prospect ghost ships. ", "That being said, there’s exceptions. ", "I’ve owned both Juan Soto and Royce Lewis in formats that shallow, but it was clear to see the market valued these two differently than a Geraldo Perdomo. ", "I was able to turn those players into win-now pieces in a 16-team league to make a run at the title. ", "So in other words, be shrewd about your feelings, but calculating regarding those you release into the player pool. ", "Always exhaust your trade options on players you’re on the fence about.", "\n\nTime I Broke This Rule: I released Chris Paddack in an 18-team dynasty league late in 2017, in another league early I released Ronald Acuña Jr. early in May 2016 following an injury. ", "I suspected I would be able to snatch both back. ", "That was not the case.", "\n\n7. ", "Be A Good Trader, Never A Desperate Trader: I think it’s well documented, particularly in the above podcast, but I’m a difficult trading partner. ", "Despite the needs of my team, almost to a fault, I avoid making trades out of desperation. ", "I’m also not great about negotiating with managers that send low ball starting offers. ", "Honestly, neither of those traits are hallmarks of winning. ", "In fact they’re deterrents; but that being said, you have to be smart about the deals you make, and taking the time to negotiate the best value is important. ", "This is why playing in too many leagues is a major challenge, trading is essential and you’ll need to mine and farm your league and league mates for the best deals over the course of the season and off-season. ", "Trading well wins championships simple and plain. ", "I’m not scared to admit I play in too many leagues (working on fixing that), take offense to low ball offers, and often don’t spend the time needed to negotiate the best value. ", "I’m not perfect, and I strive to be a better player. ", "Just like you.", "\n\nTime I Broke This Rule: Too many times to count.", "\n\n—\n\nConclusion: In the end, there are a lot of ways to win your league, and certainly my seven pillars to success are by no means the only way. ", "But, I do believe if you follow these steps, you’ll be more successful than not, and will build not only for this season, but future seasons as well. ", "Have fun and good luck! ", "Remember we’re here to help." ]

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[ "Q:\n\n(Proof verification) Extension Lemma for Functions on Submanifolds\n\nThere is a similar question about this lemma in Lee's book, but I wasn't really satisfied with the detail in the proposed solution. ", "In particular, the OP of the linked question doesn't describe how to get the smooth maps which I am calling $f_p$ below. ", "I am hoping someone can give critical feedback on this proof and point out where, if anywhere, I have erred.", "\n\nLemma 5.34 (Extension Lemma for Functions on Submanifolds). ", "Suppose $M$ is a smooth manifold, $S\\subset M$ is a smooth submanifold,\n and $f\\in C^\\infty(S)$.\n\nIf $S$ is embedded, then there exist a neighborhood $U$ of $S$ in $M$\n and a smooth function $\\widetilde f\\in C^\\infty(U)$ such that $\\widetilde f|_S = f$.\nIf $S$ is properly embedded, then the neighborhood $U$ in part (a) can be taken to be all of $M$.\n\nProof of 1:\nLet $n = \\dim S$ and $m = \\dim M$. Since $S$ is embedded, each $p\\in S$ is in the domain of\na slice chart $(U_p,\\varphi_p)$ in $M$ such that $S\\cap U_p$ is a single slice\nin $U$. Since $f$\nis smooth, at each $p\\in S$ we can find a slice chart so that $\\mathbf{f}_p:= f\\circ\\varphi_p^{-1}\\colon \\varphi_p(S\\cap\nU_p)\\to\\Bbb R$ is smooth. ", "Since $\\varphi_p(S\\cap U_p) = \\{(x^1,\\dots,x^n,0,\\dots,0)\\in\n\\varphi_p(U_p)\\}$, and $\\mathbf{f}_p$ is smooth on this set, there is a smooth extension\n$\\widehat f_p\\colon V_p\\subset\\Bbb R^m\\to \\Bbb R$ of $\\mathbf{f}_p$, where $V_p$ is an open set in $\\Bbb R^m$ containing $\\varphi(p)$. \n(Here is where I see a potential \"bug\" in this proof. ", "By the definition of a smooth map on $S$, the map $\\mathbf{f}_p$ is \"smooth.\" ", "However, since $\\mathbf{f}_p$ is defined on a set that is not an open subset of $\\Bbb R^n$, I believe, and please do address this point, \"smooth\" means that there is the extension I am calling $\\widehat f_p$.)\nThe restriction of $\\widehat f_p$ to the open set\n$W_p := \\varphi_p(U_p)\\cap V_p $ is still smooth and gives us a map\n$f_p\\colon \\varphi_p^{-1}(W_p)\\to\\Bbb R$ defined by $f_p(x) = \\big(\\widehat f_p|_{W_p}\\big)\\circ\\varphi_p(x)$.\nThe collection of open sets $\\varphi_p^{-1}(W_p)$ is an open cover of $S$,\nso let $(\\psi_p)_{p\\in S}$ be a partition of unity subordinate to this cover. ", "For any $x\\in U:=\\bigcup_{p\\in S}\\varphi^{-1}(W_p)$, define $\\widetilde f(x) = \\sum_{p\\in S}\\psi_p(x)f_p(x)$. If $x\\in S$, then\n$$\n\\widetilde f(x) = \\sum_{p\\in S}\\psi_p(x) f(x) = f(x).", "\n$$\nHence $\\widetilde f$ is an extension of $f$. Since the collection of supports of the $\\psi_p$ is locally finite, each point in\n$U$ has a neighborhood in which the sum is finite, so this defines\na smooth map since every point has a neighborhood such that $\\widetilde f$ restricted\nto that neighborhood is smooth. ", "Hence $\\widetilde f\\in C^\\infty(U)$ is the desired\nextension. ", "$\\square$\nProof of 2: \nIn this case, the only thing that changes is that $S$ is actually closed in $M$ by a lemma in Lee's book. ", "By appending\n$M\\smallsetminus S$ to the collection $\\{\\varphi_p^{-1}(W_p)\\}$ and taking a partition of unity\n$\\{\\psi_p: p\\in S\\}\\cup\\{\\psi_0\\}$ subordinate to this open cover of $M$\nwith $\\operatorname{supp}\\psi_0\\subset M\\smallsetminus S$, \ndefine $\\widetilde f(x) = \\psi_0(x) + \\sum_{p\\in S}\\psi_p(x)f_p(x)$, where $f_p$ is\ndefined in the first part. ", "$\\square$\n\nA:\n\nI heartily welcome feedback, but I believe the proof in my question works. ", "The first section where I thought the proof was lacking can indeed be improved. ", "I got the idea for the improvement from the hint to Exercise 2.3 in Lee's Riemannian Manifolds, restated here for interest:\n\nExercise 2.3. ", "Suppose $M\\subset \\widetilde M$ is an embedded submanifold.", "\n(a) If $f$ is any smooth function on $M$, show that $f$ can be extended to a smooth function on $\\widetilde M$ whose restriction to $M$ is $f$. [Hint: Extend $f$ locally in slice coordinates by letting it be independent of $(x^{n+1},\\dots,x^m)$, and patch that together using a partition of unity.]", "\n\nHere is the improved proof of 1:\nLet $n = \\dim S$. Since $S$ is embedded, each $p\\in S$ is in the domain of\na slice chart $(U_p,\\varphi_p)$ in $M$ such that $f|_{S\\cap U_p} = f(x^1,\\dots,x^n)$ and\nthe $x^i$ are slice coordinates. ", "Extend $f|_{S\\cap U_p}$ to $U_p$ by setting\n$f_p(x^1,\\dots,x^n,x^{n+1},\\dots,x^m) = f|_{S\\cap U_p}(x^1,\\dots,x^n)$. The map\n$f_p\\colon U_p\\to\\Bbb R$ is smooth because it is independent of its last $m-n$ coordinates\nand it is smooth with respect to its first $n$ coordinates.", "\nThe collection of open sets $U_p$ is an open cover of $S$, so let $(\\psi_p)_{p\\in S}$ be \na partition of unity subordinate to this cover, and define $\\widetilde f(x) = \\sum_{p\\in S}\n\\psi_p(x)f_p(x)$. If $x\\in S$, then\n$$\n\\widetilde f(x) = \\sum_{p\\in S}\\psi_p(x) f(x) = f(x).", "\n$$\nHence $\\widetilde f$ is an extension of $f$.\nSince the collection of supports of the $\\psi_p$ is locally finite, each point in\n$U$ has a neighborhood in which the sum is finite, so this defines\na smooth map since every point has a neighborhood such that $\\widetilde f$ restricted\nto that neighborhood is smooth. ", "Hence $\\widetilde f\\in C^\\infty(U)$ is the desired\nextension. ", "$\\square$\nThe proof of 2 is modified by replacing $\\varphi_p^{-1}(W_p)$ with $U_p$ defined in the modified proof of 1 above. ", "$\\square$\n\nThe reason that the original proof still works is that the extensions I describe in the first proof of 1 can be taken to be the $f_p$ explicitly described in the proof in this answer. ", "The approach taken here simplifies some of the notation and construction of the extension $f_p$ by blurring the distinction between points $p$ in the manifold and their local coordinate representations $(x^1,x^2,x^3,\\dots)$. Smoothness of the coordinate representation of $f$ is equivalent to smoothness of the actual map defined on the manifold.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to add column headers in the Column Header band automatically like iReport?", "\n\nI've seen some video tutorials showing that adding fields in the Detail band, will automatically add the correspondent column names in the Column Header band.", "\nBut that doesn't seem to be the same behavior in Jaspersoft Studio.", "\n\nSo how can it be don in Jaspersoft Studio?", "\n\nAlso I have some other questions that aren't directly related to the same title:\n\nHow to set the default Font for the whole report instead of having to set it to each component without using styles?", "\nJaspersoft Studio is like the new official GUI designer for JasperReports, correct? ", "But the old iReport designer will still be updated and released alongside?", "\n\nA:\n\nQuestion 1. ", "Jaspersoft Studio is like the new official GUI designer for JasperReports, correct? ", "But the old iReport designer will still be updated and released alongside? ", "Yes, the Jaspersoft Studio is younger that the iReport: \n\nThe 1.0.0 version of Jaspersoft Studio was introduced in 2011 July and the 0.0.3 version was released at 2010 October. ", "\nThe 0.0.3 version of iReport was introduced in 2002 October and the 1.1.0 version at 2006 February. ", "\n\nJaspersoft Studio is a Eclipse-based version and the modern iReport is a NetBeans-based version of GUI report designer. ", "The last version of \"classic\" standalone iReport was 3.0.0. ", "\nСurrently, the latest version for both application is 5.2.0 that support the JasperReports 5.2.0 framework. ", "\nQuestion 2. ", "How to set the default Font for the whole report instead of having to set it to each component without using styles?You can select several textFields and set Font property at Text Field tab like at the image below\n\nQuestion 3. ", "So how can it be done in Jaspersoft Studio? ", " It can't be done automatically during editing existing report. ", "But you can create report based on one of severals templates, with help of New Report Wizard. ", "In this case the textField and staticText elements will be added automatically to the Column Header and Detail bands:\n \nWhen you edit the existing template you can select several fields and use drag & drop feature to add this fields to the band, for example to the Column Header band.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Banawa Selatan, Donggala\n\nBanawa Selatan (South Banawa) is a district of Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. ", "The district capital is Watatu.", "\n\nReferences \n \n\nCategory:Districts of Central Sulawesi" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to prevent apps from launching on iphone\n\nI want to create an app that can prevent other apps from running. ", "I want to be able to do this programmatically so that my app can decide when other apps are allowed to be used. ", "Is this possible?", "\n\nA:\n\nNo, this is not possible to do on the iPhone.", "\n(And I'm glad.)", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Introduction\n============\n\nRamadan is the holiest month in the Islamic calendar and healthy adolescent and adult Muslims fast during this month. ", "Ramadan fasting (RF) is one of the five pillars of Islam observed by over one billion Muslims worldwide. ", "Since the Islamic calendar is based on the lunar year, which is about 11 days shorter than a solar year, Ramadan occurs at different times of the seasonal year over a 33-year cycle. ", "During the month of Ramadan, Muslims abstain from eating, drinking, smoking and sexual activities daily between sunrise (Sahur) and sunset (Iftar). ", "Although, there is no restriction on the amount or type of food consumed at night, food and fluid intake are exclusively nocturnal during this month. ", "The results of previous studies in untrained subjects have indicated that food and fluid intake frequency and quantity ([@b19-jhk-29-79]; [@b13-jhk-29-79]), nocturnal sleep duration ([@b27-jhk-29-79]; [@b21-jhk-29-79]) and daily physical activity ([@b30-jhk-29-79]; [@b1-jhk-29-79]) are reduced during the month of Ramadan. ", "Furthermore, dehydration ([@b27-jhk-29-79]; [@b19-jhk-29-79]), variation in hormone levels ([@b3-jhk-29-79]), impairment in muscular performances ([@b2-jhk-29-79]), increase in lipid oxidation ([@b25-jhk-29-79]) and decrease in resting metabolic rate and VO~2max~ ([@b29-jhk-29-79]) are some of the other changes observed during RF. ", "It has been suggested that energy restriction, dehydration, sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm perturbation are possible factors influencing physical performance during Ramadan ([@b8-jhk-29-79]; [@b26-jhk-29-79]).", "\n\nSince the sporting calendar is not adapted for religious observances, and Muslim athletes continue to compete and train during the Ramadan month, it is important to determine whether this religious fast has any detrimental impact on athletic performance. ", "However, to date, there are only a few studies concerning the effects of RF on physical performance in competitive athletes ([@b7-jhk-29-79]; [@b9-jhk-29-79]; [@b17-jhk-29-79]; [@b24-jhk-29-79]; [@b16-jhk-29-79]; [@b31-jhk-29-79]). ", "Many coaches and athletes still believe that athletic performance is adversely affected by RF ([@b8-jhk-29-79]; [@b18-jhk-29-79]). ", "But at present, there is some evidence to suggest that anaerobic exercise performance (power, speed, agility) is not negatively affected by RF in elite athletes who maintain their normal training regimen during the period of Ramadan ([@b7-jhk-29-79]; [@b17-jhk-29-79]; [@b24-jhk-29-79]; [@b16-jhk-29-79]). ", "There are conflicting reports, however, regarding the influence of RF on aerobic exercise performance in trained athletes. ", "A marked reduction has been reported in some studies ([@b9-jhk-29-79]; [@b24-jhk-29-79]; [@b31-jhk-29-79]), while others have found either no significant change or an increase ([@b7-jhk-29-79]; [@b17-jhk-29-79]; [@b16-jhk-29-79]) in aerobic exercise performance during the month of Ramadan. ", "For example, in a recent study with elite athletes, [@b7-jhk-29-79] observed no changes either in maximal aerobic velocity or in VO~2max~ estimated from the shuttle run test during Ramadan. ", "In another study carried out with elite soccer players, [@b17-jhk-29-79] found that the running distance during the shuttle run test improved significantly by the fourth week of Ramadan. ", "However, in contrast to these reports, [@b31-jhk-29-79] studied a group of professional soccer players and observed a marked reduction in 12-min run performance at the end of Ramadan. ", "Inconsistent findings have also been reported with regard to the impact of RF on body composition ([@b7-jhk-29-79]; [@b9-jhk-29-79]; [@b24-jhk-29-79]; [@b22-jhk-29-79]; [@b16-jhk-29-79]; [@b5-jhk-29-79]). ", "Nevertheless, no study to date has evaluated the effect of RF on both peak and submaximal physiological and perceptual responses during aerobic exercise in trained athletes.", "\n\nOn the other hand, soccer is the most popular sport in the world with more than 240 million amateur and 200 thousand professional players ([@b15-jhk-29-79]). ", "It is played in all parts of the world, and participation is on the rise, especially among young non-professional players ([@b12-jhk-29-79]). ", "However, to date, the effects of the Ramadan fast on body composition and physical performance in young amateur soccer players have never been tested. ", "Furthermore, although it was previously suggested that the physiological responses to exercise during Ramadan might vary depending on the fitness level of the subjects ([@b25-jhk-29-79]), all of the relevant studies were carried out with elite professional athletes.", "\n\nTherefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of RF on body composition, aerobic exercise performance and blood lactate, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion responses of regularly trained young soccer players.", "\n\nMaterial and Methods\n====================\n\nSubjects\n--------\n\nSixteen trained male soccer players volunteered to participate in this study. ", "The players from the amateur soccer league comprised of five defenders, seven midfielders and four forwards. ", "They had been training regularly for at least 3 years, with 2 hours per day and 3 days per week. ", "Mean age, stature, body mass and training age of the players were 17.4±1.2 years, 175.4±3.6 cm, 69.6±4.3 kg and 5.1±1.3 years, respectively. ", "Informed consent was received from subjects after a detailed description of the protocols and procedures of the study, and approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee.", "\n\nProcedures\n----------\n\nThe study was carried out in Turkey, and all tests were completed between the months of August to October. ", "Tests were performed during four separate sessions. ", "Each test session was completed within 4 days. ", "The first test session (Pre-RF) was performed during the last 4 days before the beginning of RF. ", "The second (Beg-RF) and third (End-RF) test sessions were performed during the end of the 1st week (days 5, 6, 7 and 8) and during the last 4 days (days 26, 27, 28 and 29) of Ramadan, respectively. ", "The fourth test session (After-RF) was conducted 2 weeks after the end of RF. ", "During the Ramadan period, all subjects voluntarily chose to follow the fasting guidelines and abstained from eating and drinking from sunrise to sunset. ", "For Pre-RF and After-RF conditions, subjects had their last meal at least 3 hours before the test. ", "Tests were conducted under standard indoor conditions, where the temperature and humidity ranged from 24 to 27 °C and 52 to 57%, respectively. ", "All tests were performed at the same time of day (between 4 and 6 pm) and in the same order to minimize the influence of diurnal variations. ", "Subjects maintained their normal training program throughout the study but during the 24 hours before each test session, no strenuous activity was allowed. ", "All subjects were at their pre-season training period at the time of the study. ", "During the Ramadan phase, all players trained after the Iftar and they reported that duration, intensity and frequency of the training sessions were not reduced due to Ramadan.", "\n\nDietary Intake, Urinary Density and Daily Sleeping Time\n-------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn this study, caloric intake, urine density and sleeping time of subjects were evaluated for each testing session (Pre-RF, Beg-RF, End-RF and After-RF). ", "Before food intake was recorded, all subjects were informed about the analysis and were instructed on how to keep a dietary record. ", "The records were kept for two consecutive days prior to each test session. ", "Daily energy intake (DEI) and macronutrient proportions were assessed with nutrition information system on the computer program (BEBIS software program). ", "The average value of the two-recorded days was reported in this study. ", "In order to assess hydration status, each subject provided a 50 ml urine sample before each exercise test session, and then urine specific gravity (USG) was measured using a refractometer (Atago, USA). ", "Before each testing session, subjects were also instructed to record their sleep hours for the previous two days and daily sleeping time was calculated as the mean of the two days\\' records.", "\n\nAnthropometry and Body Composition\n----------------------------------\n\nBody mass (BM) was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg using a digital scale (Tanita TBF 300, Tokyo, Japan), and stature was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a stadiometer (Holtain, Crymych, Dyfed, UK) with subjects in light clothing and without shoes. ", "Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing BM in kilograms by the square of stature in meters. ", "Body fat percentage (BF%), fat-free mass (FFM) and total body water (TBW) content were assessed using a foot to foot bioelectric impedance analyzer (Tanita TBF 300, Tokyo, Japan). ", "Bioelectrical impedance measurements were performed in accordance with the manufacturer\\'s instructions. ", "Subjects were asked to remove all clothing (except for shorts), shoes, jewellery and other accessories for the measurement. ", "Gender, stature and physical activity status were manually entered into the keypad interface. ", "Subjects were measured while standing erect with bare feet on the analyzer's footpads. ", "Body fatness was also estimated from skinfold thicknesses. ", "Thickness of six skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal, thigh and medial calf) was measured with a skinfold caliper (Holtain Ltd, UK) to the nearest 0.2 mm, on the right side of the body, using standard procedures ([@b20-jhk-29-79]). ", "Skinfold thicknesses were measured in duplicate or triplicate, according to the criteria ([@b20-jhk-29-79]), and the mean of the two closest values was used for the analysis. ", "The sum of the six skinfolds (ΣSKF) was used as an indicator of fatness. ", "One investigator performed all the anthropometric measurements and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was greater than 0.98 for all skinfold measurements.", "\n\nShuttle Run Test\n----------------\n\nAerobic exercise performance was assessed using the modified 20-m shuttle run test (MSRT) which was performed on an indoor running track. ", "After all measurements were completed, a 20-m running course with 1-m turning area behind each of the end lines, marked by plastic tape and cones, was set up in the sports hall. ", "Following an explanation of the MSRT protocol, subjects ran back and forth between two end lines, exactly 20 m apart, in time with the audio signals emitted from a compact disc player. ", "Each stage of the MSRT lasted 3 min with constant running pace and was separated by 1 min passive rest intervals. ", "In the first stage of the MSRT, the initial warm-up running velocity (RV) was set at 8 km × h^−1^ then it was increased to 10 km × h^−1^ in the second stage. ", "Thereafter, the RV was increased by 1 km × h^−1^ for each stage until the subject could not maintain the pace of the audio signals for two consecutive shuttles, or else felt fatigue and stopped running voluntarily. ", "Before the MSRT, subjects were instructed to exert maximal effort. ", "Subjects were also encouraged verbally throughout the MSRT to maintain the required pace as long as possible and to produce a maximal effort. ", "Subjects wore the same running shoes and lightweight running kit for all tests. ", "At the end of each test, the RV, the number of completed shuttles and the running time achieved at the last stage of the MSRT were recorded for each subject. ", "Thereafter, the RV obtained at the last stage of the test was adjusted with elapsed running time and defined as the peak RV of the subjects. ", "In addition, peak running distance (i.e. number of completed shuttles multiplied by 20 m) and peak running time (i.e. the sum of the elapsed time for each of the running periods) were calculated for each player. ", "The MSRT was preferred to assess aerobic exercise performance, since it includes directional changes of motion and acceleration that are common during a soccer match ([@b11-jhk-29-79]). ", "Furthermore, an indoor running track was preferred, since the environmental conditions were similar for each test session. ", "In order to evaluate test-retest reliability and to familiarize the subjects with the testing procedures, subjects performed the MSRT twice, four days before the first test session (Pre-RF). ", "The ICCs for peak RV, peak heart rate and blood lactate were 0.96, 0.93 and 0.88, respectively.", "\n\nBlood Lactate (LA), Heart Rate (HR) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nBefore the MSRT, at the end of each running stage (during 1 min rest intervals) and upon termination of the MSRT a 25-μL capillary blood sample was taken from the earlobe of each subject. ", "The samples were then analyzed immediately for whole blood LA concentration by means of an electro enzymatic method using the YSI 1500 Sport Lactate Analyzer (Yellow Springs Inst., ", "Yellow Springs, Ohio, USA). ", "The analyzer was regularly calibrated according to the manufacturers' instructions. ", "By using the LA values, LA-RV curves were obtained for each subject. ", "Thereafter, RV at a LA concentration of 4.0 mmol.", "L^−1^ (RV~4.0~) was calculated by using interpolation technique with a minimum R value of 0.99. ", "The RV~4.0~ was used to display the onset of the anaerobic threshold ([@b14-jhk-29-79]). ", "HR was also recorded at 5 s intervals using HR monitors (S610i, Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) before and throughout the MSRT. ", "Thereafter, average HR during the last minute of each 3 min running stage was calculated as the HR of that stage. ", "In addition, RPE was assessed using the 15-point [@b4-jhk-29-79]) after the end of each running stage. ", "The highest values of LA, HR and RPE obtained from the MSRT were used as peak responses.", "\n\nStatistical Analysis\n--------------------\n\nAll data were presented as mean value ± standard deviation (SD). ", "The repeated measure of analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, were used to assess the differences between Pre-RF, Beg-RF, End-RF and After-RF. ", "Analysis of variance (two-way mixed model) was used to calculate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). ", "The alpha level of statistical significance was set at p\\<0.05 for all analyses. ", "All statistical analyses were performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).", "\n\nResults\n=======\n\nAs presented in [Table 1](#t1-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table\"}, BM, BMI, FFM and TBW remained similar before, during and after RF (p\\>0.05). ", "DEI, macronutrient composition of diet and DST also did not change significantly throughout the study period (p\\>0.05). ", "There was little increase in USG at Beg-RF, with no significant differences being detected between test sessions (p\\>0.05). ", "BF% showed a slight tendency to decrease during Ramadan, though not significantly (p\\>0.05). ", "ΣSKF reduced slightly with time, and values of ΣSKF recorded at Beg-RF, End-RF and After-RF were significantly lower than that recorded at Pre-RF (p\\<0.05).", "\n\nPeak exercise data and RV~4.0~ obtained before, during and after RF are demonstrated in [Table 2](#t2-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "Relative to the Pre-RF values, peak RD, peak RT, peak RV and RV~4.0~ decreased slightly, though not significantly, at Beg-RF but recovered at End-RF and increased After-RF. ", "In other words, peak running performance and RV~4.0~ recorded at Pre-RF was similar to Beg-RF and End-RF (p\\>0.05) but significantly lower than After-RF (p\\<0.05). ", "However, peak running performance and RV~4.0~ recorded at Beg-RF was significantly lower than both End-RF and After-RF (p\\<0.05). ", "Regarding peak LA, HR and RPE responses to MSRT, no significant differences were found between Pre-RF, Beg-RF, End-RF and After-RF (p\\>0.05).", "\n\nAs displayed in [Table 3](#t3-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table\"} and [Table 4](#t4-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table\"}, there was no significant difference between the Pre-RF, Beg-RF, End-RF and After-RF sessions for resting blood LA or HR values (p\\>0.05), indicating similar metabolic conditions prior to each MSRT session. ", "Blood LA and HR responses at 8 km × h^−1^ (warm-up speed) also did not change significantly before, during and after RF (p\\>0.05). ", "However, both of the responses at the higher running velocities (10, 11 and 12 km × h^−1^) were significantly lower at After-RF compared with Pre-RF and Beg-RF (p\\<0.05). ", "Furthermore, during End-RF, LA and HR responses at 11 and 12 km × h^−1^ were also significantly lower than Beg-RF (p\\<0.05). ", "In other words, LA-RV ([Figure 1](#f1-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and HR-RV ([Figure 2](#f2-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"fig\"}) curves shifted to the right by the end and after RF, indicating an improvement in aerobic capacity during these periods.", "\n\nAs presented in [Table 5](#t5-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table\"}, RPE responses at 8 km × h^−1^ did not change significantly over the course of the study (p\\>0.05). ", "However, relative to the Pre-RF values, RPE responses at higher running velocities (10, 11 and 12 km × h^−1^) increased significantly during Beg-RF and End-RF (p\\<0.05), and then returned to near Pre-RF values at After-RF ([Table 5](#t5-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table\"} and [Figure 3](#f3-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nThe aim of this study was to examine the influence of RF on body composition, aerobic exercise performance, LA, HR and RPE responses in young soccer players who continued their usual training program. ", "Although data on the influence of RF on physical performance are limited, this is the first study to focus on young amateur players. ", "The main findings of the present study were that when usual training regimen, sleeping time, daily energy intake and body fluid balance were preserved through Ramadan, RF did not adversely affect aerobic exercise performance and body composition in young soccer players. ", "Although submaximal RPE responses to aerobic exercise increased during Ramadan, objective measures of exercise intensity (LA and HR) either did not change or decreased by the end of Ramadan. ", "Concomitant with these changes in submaximal LA and HR responses, peak running distance, peak running time, peak running velocity and running velocity at anaerobic threshold also improved by the end of Ramadan. ", "These findings agree with other studies that have reported no detrimental effect of RF on aerobic exercise performance in regularly trained athletes ([@b7-jhk-29-79]; [@b17-jhk-29-79]; [@b16-jhk-29-79]). ", "However, some other studies in elite athletes reported that RF was associated with significant decreases in aerobic exercise performance ([@b9-jhk-29-79]; [@b24-jhk-29-79]; [@b31-jhk-29-79]). ", "It was noted that the fasted athletes in these studies reduced their training loads and/or daily sleeping time during the month of Ramadan. ", "Therefore, the findings of this study as well as those of other reports ([@b7-jhk-29-79]; [@b17-jhk-29-79]; [@b16-jhk-29-79]) support the assumption that the athletes who maintain their training load, sleep duration, energy and body fluid balance are unlikely to suffer any substantial decline in aerobic exercise performance during the period of Ramadan.", "\n\nAs competitions and training programs are scheduled throughout the year, RF may present a challenge for Muslim athletes. ", "In general, possible reductions in exercise and sporting performance during RF were attributed to daily restriction of food and fluid intake ([@b8-jhk-29-79]; [@b26-jhk-29-79]). ", "However, during the holy month of Ramadan, abstention from food and fluid intake start before sunrise (Sahur) and end at sunset (Iftar), and there is no restriction on the amount or type of food consumed at night. ", "Thus, the mean daily energy and fluid intake are not necessarily reduced during this month. ", "In the present study, energy intake values were close to those reported for professional male soccer players (13--16 MJ.day^−1^) ([@b6-jhk-29-79]) and did not change significantly throughout the study period. ", "During the month of Ramadan, most of the players had night time snacks and an additional meal at night. ", "Moreover, there was a tendency to consume foods and drinks that were higher in calories than those consumed outside of Ramadan. ", "Thus, in accordance with previous reports ([@b7-jhk-29-79]; [@b24-jhk-29-79]; [@b22-jhk-29-79]; [@b16-jhk-29-79]), neither daily energy nor macronutrient intake changed significantly during Ramadan. ", "Consistent with this result, BM, BMI, and FFM also remained similar throughout the study. ", "The BF% tended to decrease during Ramadan, though not significantly. ", "During the study period, the changes in BM and BF% were less than 1 kg and 1%, respectively. ", "However, players experienced a small but significant decrease of about 2.4% in subcutaneous fat (ΣSKF) without observable changes in daily energy and macronutrient intake or lean tissue (FFM) over the course of the study. ", "This may be related to an increased fat oxidation during Ramadan ([@b5-jhk-29-79]) and/or the continuation of training regimen throughout the study. ", "This may also indicate that using skinfold thicknesses from different sites may better reflect subtle changes in total body fatness.", "\n\nThe results of the present study are consistent with previous reports demonstrating that neither energy intake nor body composition of trained athletes changes substantially during [@b22-jhk-29-79] found no effect of RF on daily energy intake, body fat or BMI in professional soccer players, but they did find a small reduction of approximately 0.7 kg in BM during Ramadan. [", "@b24-jhk-29-79] reported that daily energy intake, macronutrient intake and BM did not differ significantly before and after Ramadan in young elite soccer players, despite a very small change in the sum of skinfolds. ", "Moreover, [@b16-jhk-29-79] observed no changes either in energy intake or in body composition during Ramadan in small samples of elite power athletes. ", "Similar results were also reported for Algerian professional soccer players by [@b31-jhk-29-79], who noted no change in BM during Ramadan. ", "In contrast to these reports and present findings, [@b5-jhk-29-79] studied a small number of elite rugby players and observed a marked reduction in energy intake (28.2%), accompanied by decreases in BM (2.2%) and body fat content (1.3%) at the end of Ramadan. ", "Nevertheless, [@b7-jhk-29-79] reported that energy and macronutrient intake of elite judo athletes remained similar during Ramadan but observed significant decreases in BM and body fat. [", "@b9-jhk-29-79], however, reported no changes either in BM or in body fat during the month of Ramadan, but did observe significant reduction in energy intake of middle-distance runners. ", "It appears that geographical, socioeconomic, and cultural differences between Muslim countries and communities may influence the dietary practices and daily habits and thereby may contribute to the inconsistency of findings in different studies.", "\n\nSleep deprivation and dehydration during RF are other potential factors that can influence exercise performance ([@b8-jhk-29-79]; [@b27-jhk-29-79]). ", "The present results showed that the DST did not change significantly during RF. ", "Although there are some exceptions ([@b9-jhk-29-79]), the results of previous studies in trained athletes are consistent with our results ([@b18-jhk-29-79]; [@b24-jhk-29-79]; [@b16-jhk-29-79]; [@b31-jhk-29-79]). ", "Nevertheless, the present results also demonstrated that while RF did not adversely affect the objective indices of aerobic exercise performance, subjective ratings of perceived exertion at submaximal intensities increased during RF. ", "It was noted that although there were no differences in total daily sleeping time during Ramadan, sleep and wake patterns of the fasted athletes could change ([@b24-jhk-29-79]; [@b31-jhk-29-79]). ", "Changes in sleep pattern during Ramadan have been suggested as a reason for the increase in daytime lethargy, irritability and moodiness ([@b26-jhk-29-79]; [@b27-jhk-29-79]; [@b19-jhk-29-79]). ", "Thus, it is possible that the alternation in sleep pattern, rather than sleep deprivation, caused by RF may negatively influence RPE responses of the subjects during MSRT. ", "However, current data showed that neither objective measures of exercise intensity (LA, HR) nor peak running performance were negatively affected by RF. ", "Furthermore, in order to assess hydration status of players, USG and TBW measures were also obtained in the present study. ", "Although players experienced a small increase in USG and a small decrease in TBW at the end of the first week of RF, both of the measures were not significantly changed over the course of the study. ", "Similarly, in two recent studies with trained athletes ([@b28-jhk-29-79]; [@b16-jhk-29-79]), no substantial changes in hydration status were observed over the period of Ramadan. ", "In another study, [@b25-jhk-29-79] reported significant increase in osmolarity in sedentary, but not in active subjects during Ramadan. ", "The authors noted that body fluid balance was better maintained in active than in sedentary subjects. ", "This might suggest that water retention mechanism of trained subjects may protect their total body water balance, which may be due, in part, to adaptation by the kidneys. ", "It has been reported that dehydration by 2% or more of BM may impair aerobic exercise performance ([@b8-jhk-29-79]). ", "In the present study, there was, nevertheless, a small weight loss of less than 1% BM during Ramadan, which was probably the result of a slight imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. ", "However, this also may be due, in part, to acute dehydration that is known to occur throughout the hours of daylight during Ramadan ([@b19-jhk-29-79]).", "\n\nIt has been suggested that submaximal blood LA assessment during incremental exercise is a useful tool for detecting changes in aerobic fitness, and the anaerobic threshold seems to be a better indicator of aerobic exercise performance than VO~2max~ ([@b10-jhk-29-79]; [@b14-jhk-29-79]). ", "A lower LA concentration at a given submaximal exercise intensity and a higher anaerobic threshold mean that a player could maintain higher running speeds during a match without excessive accumulation of LA ([@b14-jhk-29-79]). ", "Therefore, submaximal blood LA assessment in soccer players has been previously utilized by researchers as a sensitive indicator of changes in aerobic fitness over a specified time period ([@b23-jhk-29-79]; [@b10-jhk-29-79]). ", "In this study, the effects of RF on both peak and submaximal blood LA, HR and RPE responses to MSRT were examined in young soccer players. ", "Neither resting nor peak values of LA, HR and RPE were significantly different before, during and after RF. ", "These results indicated that subjects were tested under similar metabolic conditions and were also putting out a similar amount of maximal effort for each MSRT session. ", "Since the MSRT includes direction changes and accelerations that are common during soccer matches ([@b11-jhk-29-79]), this field test was preferred to assess aerobic fitness. ", "The RV~4.0~ was also calculated as an indicator of the onset of the anaerobic threshold ([@b14-jhk-29-79]).", "\n\nThe present results demonstrated that aerobic exercise performance improved by the fourth week of Ramadan, as evidenced by a significant increase in RV~4.0~ and significant decreases in LA and HR responses at submaximal intensities during End-RF and After-RF periods. ", "As also illustrated in [Figure 1](#f1-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [Figure 2](#f2-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"fig\"}, the LA-RV and the HR-RV curves shifted to the right by the end and after RF periods. ", "In line with these changes, peak running performance improved with time. ", "Relative to the Pre-RF value, peak running distance during the MSRT increased by about 7% at After-RF period. ", "Moreover, peak running time increased from 15.45 min. ", "before the beginning of RF to 16.32 min. ", "at After-RF. ", "In fact, a small and insignificant reduction in aerobic exercise performance was observed during the end of the first week of fasting, which then returned to, or exceeded, Pre-RF values by the end and after RF. ", "This transient decline may suggest that there is a period of adjustment to the alternations in daily habits, lifestyle imposed by RF and training program over the first week of Ramadan.", "\n\nAt the time of the study, all players were at the beginning of pre-season training period. ", "During the Ramadan phase of the study, they continued to train regularly after the Iftar. ", "Furthermore, all players reported that they maintained their normal training program throughout the study. ", "Indeed, probably the players returned to pre-season training in a detraining state, due to the summer break, during which they were not involved in any structured training program. ", "Therefore, the finding of an improved aerobic exercise performance is probably mainly attributable to the training effect. ", "It has been recognized that an adequate food and fluid intake before, during, and after training is an important means to optimize the adaptations and enhance recovery ([@b6-jhk-29-79]). ", "Therefore, it appears that during the period of Ramadan, rescheduling training to other times, after the break of the fast (Iftar), is likely to be effective strategy for the fasting athletes. ", "In addition, a previous study had shown that at the end of Ramadan, fasting led to an increase in fat oxidation during submaximal exercise in regularly trained athletes ([@b5-jhk-29-79]). ", "It is also possible that the increased fat utilization during the end of RF may assist exercise performance by delaying the onset of fatigue due to reducing dependence on carbohydrates as an energy source.", "\n\nConsistent with current findings, in a camp setting with regularly trained professional soccer players, [@b17-jhk-29-79] found that running distance during the shuttle run test did not alter significantly in the second week of Ramadan, but by the fourth week, the results improved significantly and exceeded the pre-Ramadan values. [", "@b29-jhk-29-79] reported a significant decrease in VO~2max~ after the first week of Ramadan, but VO~2max~ levels returned to pre-Ramadan values in the last week of Ramadan. ", "These results may indicate a physiological adaptation to RF and/or training among the fasting subjects during the first two weeks of the fast. ", "Furthermore, in another study carried out with elite judo athletes, [@b7-jhk-29-79] observed no changes either in maximal aerobic velocity or in VO~2max~ estimated from the shuttle run test during Ramadan. [", "@b16-jhk-29-79] also found that lactate clearance rates in elite power athletes were not affected by RF. ", "Both [@b7-jhk-29-79] and [@b16-jhk-29-79] noted that the athletes in their studies did not reduce their usual training loads during Ramadan. ", "In contrast to these results, [@b9-jhk-29-79] observed a marked reduction in maximal aerobic velocity during Ramadan in small samples of middle-distance runners. ", "The authors suggested that the reductions in aerobic exercise performance were probably due to a lack of sleep or decreased training loads ([@b9-jhk-29-79]). ", "Two other studies involving elite soccer players similarly found that RF was associated with measurable decreases in aerobic exercise performance ([@b24-jhk-29-79]; [@b31-jhk-29-79]). ", "It was reported that both groups of soccer players in these two studies reduced their training loads during Ramadan ([@b24-jhk-29-79]; [@b31-jhk-29-79]), which may be the main reason for these decrements in aerobic exercise performance.", "\n\nConclusions\n===========\n\nCollectively, these findings suggest that if regular training regimen, body fluid balance, daily energy intake and sleep duration are maintained as before Ramadan, RF does not have any detrimental effects on aerobic exercise performance or body composition in young soccer players. ", "Although there was an increase in subjective ratings of perceived exertion at submaximal intensities during Ramadan, objective indices of aerobic performance either did not change or improved by the end of Ramadan. ", "During the month of Ramadan, all players continued to train regularly after the Iftar. ", "The continuation of the training program may have played an important role in this increase in aerobic capacity. ", "Therefore, from the practical point of view, continuation of usual training program during the month of Ramadan and rescheduling training to other times, after the break of the fast (Iftar), are likely to be effective strategy for the fasting athletes and their coaches.", "\n\n{#f1-jhk-29-79}\n\n{#f2-jhk-29-79}\n\n{#f3-jhk-29-79}\n\n###### \n\nBody composition, hydration status, daily energy and macronutrient intake and sleeping time (means±SD) before (Pre-RF), during (Beg-RF and End-RF) and after (After-RF) Ramadan fasting (n=16)\n\n **Pre-RF** **Beg-RF** **End-RF** **After-RF** **F** **p**\n ------------------ -------------------------------------------------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- ------- -------\n BM (kg) 69.56±4.29 69.19±4.39 69.00±4.93 69.52±4.66 1.14 0.342\n BMI (kg/m^2^) 22.60±1.22 22.48±1.33 22.42±1.47 22.59±1.50 1.16 0.337\n Body fat (%) 9.11±2.96 8.86±2.78 8.69±2.55 8.83±2.52 1.26 0.301\n ΣSKF (mm) 56.30±14.55 [\\*](#tfn2-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 55.43±14.17 55.01±14.32 54.96±13.94 10.37 0.000\n FFM (kg) 63.16±3.35 63.01±3.57 62.95±4.04 63.32±3.68 0.49 0.692\n TBW (L) 46.23±2.44 46.11±2.58 46.08±2.94 46.37±2.68 0.58 0.635\n USG 1019.4±4.8 1021.9±4.4 1019.7±4.3 1019.1±4.9 2.05 0.120\n DEI (MJ.day^−1^) 13.32±2.08 13.26±1.51 12.95±1.23 13.66±1.30 0.66 0.580\n Carbohydrate (%) 52.7±7.2 50.7±7.7 51.4±7.4 53.1±7.1 2.18 0.103\n Fat (%) 32.7±5.7 34.3±6.3 33.3±6.2 32.1±5.7 1.83 0.154\n Protein (%) 14.6±1.9 15.1±2.0 15.3±1.7 14.8±1.8 1.30 0.285\n DST (h.day^−1^) 8.6±0.5 8.8±0.5 8.7±0.7 8.6±0.4 0.50 0.684\n\nBM: body mass, BMI: body mass index, ΣSKF: sum of the six skinfolds, FFM: fat-free mass, TBW: total body water, USG: urine specific gravity, DEI: daily energy intake, DST: daily sleeping time,\n\nsignificantly different from Beg-RF, End-RF and After-RF (p\\<0.05)\n\n###### \n\nPeak exercise data and running velocity at 4.0 mmol.", "L^−1^ LA concentration (means±SD) before (Pre-RF), during (Beg-RF and End-RF) and after (After-RF) Ramadan fasting (n=16)\n\n **Pre-RF** **Beg-RF** **End-RF** **After-RF** **F** **p**\n ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------- -------------- ------- -------\n Peak RD (m) 2809±371 [\\*](#tfn4-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 2638±410 [\\#](#tfn5-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 2905±347 3009±322 10.37 0.000\n Peak RT (min) 15.45±1.62 [\\*](#tfn4-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 14.68±1.81 [\\#](#tfn5-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 15.87±1.51 16.32±1.38 10.68 0.000\n Peak RV (km.h^−1^) 14.14±0.54 [\\*](#tfn4-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 13.89±0.61 [\\#](#tfn5-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 14.29±0.51 14.44±0.46 10.75 0.000\n RV4.0 (km.h^−1^) 11.16±0.70 [\\*](#tfn4-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 11.11±0.55 [\\#](#tfn5-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 11.37±0.60 11.56±0.68 8.10 0.000\n Peak LA (mmol.", "L^−1^) 9.72±1.61 9.41±1.81 9.64±1.55 10.02±2.07 0.60 0.618\n Peak HR (b.min^−1^) 192.78±7.32 193.49±7.97 191.98±7.19 192.33±7.69 0.84 0.479\n Peak RPE 18.56±1.31 18.75±1.06 18.88±0.96 18.69±1.35 0.67 0.575\n\nRD: running distance, RT: running time, RV: running velocity, RV~4.0~: running velocity at 4.0mmol.", "L^−1^ lactate concentration, LA: blood lactate concentration, HR: heart rate, RPE: rating of perceived exertion,\n\nsignificantly different from After-RF (p\\<0.05),\n\nsignificantly different from End-RF and After-RF (p\\<0.05)\n\n###### \n\nBlood lactate responses (means±SD) at submaximal running velocities before (Pre-RF), during (Beg-RF and End-RF) and after (After-RF) Ramadan fasting (n=16)\n\n **LA responses (mmol.", "L^−1^)** **Pre-RF** **Beg-RF** **End-RF** **After-RF** **F** **p**\n ------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ ------------ -------------- ------- -------\n Resting LA 1.27±0.33 1.11±0.28 1.18±0.30 1.12±0.37 1.45 0.240\n LA at 8 km.h^−1^ 1.91±0.50 1.85±0.40 1.79±0.38 1.66±0.45 2.15 0.107\n LA at 10 km.h^−1^ 2.68±0.81 2.73±0.55 [\\*](#tfn7-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 2.54±0.57 2.38±0.58 3.24 0.031\n LA at 11 km.h^−1^ 3.82±0.99 [\\*](#tfn7-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 3.93±0.71 [\\#](#tfn8-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 3.58±0.73 3.37±0.85 7.67 0.000\n LA at 12 km.h^−1^ 5.80±1.44 [\\*](#tfn7-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 6.15±1.34 [\\#](#tfn8-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 5.48±1.20 5.14±1.35 12.24 0.000\n\nLA: blood lactate concentration,\n\nsignificantly different from After-RF (p\\<0.05),\n\nsignificantly different from End-RF and After-RF (p\\<0.05)\n\n###### \n\nHeart rate responses (means±SD) at submaximal running velocities before (Pre-RF), during (Beg-RF and End-RF) and after (After-RF) Ramadan fasting (n=16)\n\n **HR responses (b.min^−1^)** **Pre-RF** **Beg-RF** **End-RF** **After-RF** **F** **p**\n ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- ------------- -------------- ------- -------\n Resting HR 70.24±10.56 68.59±9.14 67.53±9.91 69.18±9.18 1.02 0.395\n HR at 8 km.h^−1^ 139.68±10.08 138.44±9.66 136.80±9.69 135.15±9.30 2.04 0.122\n HR at 10 km.h^−1^ 163.36±9.97 165.29±9.60 [\\*](#tfn10-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 161.40±9.54 159.11±9.17 6.33 0.001\n HR at 11 km.h^−1^ 176.82±9.81 [\\*](#tfn10-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 178.58±9.51 [\\#](#tfn11-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 174.19±9.41 172.06±9.06 10.95 0.000\n HR at 12 km.h^−1^ 185.64±8.69 [\\*](#tfn10-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 187.92±9.01 [\\#](#tfn11-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 183.54±8.57 181.01±8.81 16.12 0.000\n\nHR: heart rate,\n\nsignificantly different from After-RF (p\\<0.05),\n\nsignificantly different from End-RF and After-RF (p\\<0.05)\n\n###### \n\nRatings of perceived exertion (means±SD) at submaximal running velocities before (Pre-RF), during (Beg-RF and End-RF) and after (After-RF) Ramadan fasting (n=16)\n\n **RPE responses** **Pre-RF** **Beg-RF** **End-RF** **After-RF** **F** **p**\n -------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ -------------------------------------------------------- ------- -------\n RPE at 8 km.h^−1^ 7.50±1.21 7.81±1.33 8.00±1.10 7.69±1.40 1.16 0.334\n RPE at 10 km.h^−1^ 9.94±1.53 [\\*](#tfn13-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 10.88±1.31 11.13±1.09 10.25±1.34 [\\#](#tfn14-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 11.49 0.000\n RPE at 11 km.h^−1^ 12.44±1.63 [\\*](#tfn13-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 13.56±1.41 13.31±1.20 12.19±1.64 [\\*](#tfn13-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 16.56 0.000\n RPE at 12 km.h^−1^ 14.75±1.48 [\\*](#tfn13-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 16.00±1.75 15.69±1.30 14.63±1.36 [\\*](#tfn13-jhk-29-79){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 23.97 0.000\n\nRPE: rating of perceived exertion,\n\nsignificantly different from Beg-RF and End-RF (p\\<0.05),\n\nsignificantly different from End-RF (p\\<0.05)\n\n[^1]: Authors submitted their contribution of the article to the editorial board.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Use of fluorinated acrylic resins in these applications is well known, but has a number of disadvantages: slightly sticky feel, poor resistance to cleaning and abrasion, and slight modification of the appearance of the support.", "\nCompositions comprising perfluorinated groups and urethane linkages have already been proposed; see, for example, U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "3,468,924, 3,503,915, 3,528,849, 3,896,035, 3,896,251 and 4,024,178, French Patent No. ", "2,062,244, German Patent No. ", "1,620,965, Canadian Patent No. ", "1,071,225, European Patent No. ", "103,752 and Swiss Patent Nos. ", "520,813 and 512,624. ", "Unfortunately, these products do not always prove satisfactory, either because the synthesis of the intermediates is difficult, or because they have to be combined with acrylic copolymers since they are not film-forming, do not withstand dry cleaning and/or do not have good stain-repellent properties, or alternatively because they have to be supplied as an aqueous emulsion as a result of their low solubility in solvents.", "\nTo prevent the transfer of the printing powder during the preparation of transparencies by an electrographic process, the use of fluorinated polymers containing urethane groups has been proposed in European Patent No. ", "100,227. ", "In particular, polymers derived from the fluorinated diurethane of the following formula are described in this patent: ##STR2##\nHowever, the polymers obtained from the fluorinated diurethane (I) have the disadvantage of forming insoluble gels or providing inadequate performance as regards their hydrophobic and oleophobic properties.", "\nIt has now been found, quite unexpectedly, that this disadvantage can be remedied by using a fluorinated urethane in which the polyfluorinated chain is bound at position 4 and not at position 2 as in the compound of formula (I) according to European Patent 100,227. ", "The polymers derived from these diurethanes having a polyfluorinated chain at position 4 show good solubility in the usual solvents; they have excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic properties and are, in particular, entirely suitable for treating leather.", "\nThe subject of the present invention is, first, as fluorinated acrylic monomers, the diurethanes of general formula: ##STR3## in which:\nR.sub.", "F denotes a perfluoroalkyl radical having a straight or branched chain and containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 4 to 16),\nR denotes hydrogen or, preferably, a methyl radical, PA1 A denotes a divalent linkage which has 2 to 9 carbon atoms and can contain one or more oxygen atoms, PA1 Q denotes an oxygen or sulphur atom or the group --NR'--, where R' denotes hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and PA1 W denotes a divalent linkage linked to Q through a carbon atom and capable of containing one or more oxygen, sulphur and/or nitrogen atoms.", "\nThe fluorinated acrylic monomers of formula (II) according to the invention can be prepared by reacting, in a first stage, toluene 2,4-diisocyanate with a substantially equimolar amount of a polyfluorinated compound of formula: EQU R.sub.", "F --W--Q--H (III)\nto form a fluorinated urethane-isocyanate of formula: ##STR4## and then reacting this urethane-isocyanate with a substantially equimolar amount of an acrylic ester of formula: ##STR5##\nThe polyfluorinated compound (III) is a compound containing a mobile hydrogen atom in the form of a terminal hydroxyl, thiol or primary or secondary amino group linked to the perfluoroalkyl radical through an alkylene bridge directly or via a sulphonamido, carboxamido, ether, thioether, sulfonyl or carboxylic ester group.", "\nAs examples of such polyfluorinated compounds, there may be mentioned more especially those of formulae:\n______________________________________ R.sub. ", "F (CH.sub.2).sub.p OH (III-a) ##STR6## (III-b) ##STR7## (III-c) R.sub.", "F (CH.sub.2).sub.pO (CH.sub.2).sub.q OH (III-d) R.sub.", "F (CH.sub.2).sub.pS (CH.sub.2).sub.q OH (III-e) R.sub.", "F (CH.sub.2).sub.p (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.q OH (III-f) R.sub.", "F (CH.sub.2).sub.p SO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.q OH (III-g) ##STR8## (III-h) ##STR9## (III-i) R.sub.", "F CH CH (CH.sub.2).sub.p OH (III-j) R.sub.", "F (CH.sub.2).sub.pSH (III-k) R.sub.", "F (CH.sub.2).sub.pNH.sub. ", "2 (III-1) ##STR10## (III-m) ##STR11## (III-n) ______________________________________\nin which R.sub.", "F and R\" have the same meanings as above, and the symbols p and q, which may be identical or different, each denote an integer ranging from 1 to 20 and preferably equal to 2 or 4. ", "For economical and practical reasons, it is especially advantageous to use a mixture of compounds in which different radicals R.sub.", "F are represented.", "\nAmong the compounds (III), those of formulae (III-a), (III-c) and (III-k), in which p and q are equal to 2, are especially preferred.", "\nAs examples of esters of formula (V), there may be mentioned, more especially, monoacrylates and monomethacrylates of diols or of polyalkylene glycols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, butanediols, 3-phenoxy-1,2-propanediol and triethylene glycol. ", "Ethylene glycol monomethacrylate is preferably used.", "\nThe synthesis of the fluorinated acrylic monomers (II) according to the invention can be performed in an organic solvent, for example ketonic solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone, esters such as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, aromatic solvents such as toluene, alkanes such as hexane, heptane or cyclohexane, ethers such as diisopropyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, halogenated solvents such as 1,1,1- trichloroethane or trichlorotrifluoroethane, and also dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone.", "\nThe addition reactions of the polyfluorinated compound R.sub.", "F --W--Q--H and the acrylic ester (V) to the --N.dbd.", "C.dbd.", "O groups are performed at between 30.degree. ", "and 90.degree. ", "C. under an inert atmosphere, for example under anhydrous nitrogen. ", "Since the addition of the polyfluorinated compound is slow, it is preferable to work in the presence of a catalyst, such as, for example, a tertiary amine such as triethylamine, triethylenediamine and N-methylmorpholine, a tin salt such as dibutyltin dilaurate and tin octoate or a lead salt such as lead naphthenate, this catalyst being used in the proportion of 0.05 to 1% relative to the total weight of the reagents and introduced with either of the reagents or boch.", "\nIn order to limit the concomitant formation of symmetrical addition products, that is to say products of the formulae: ##STR12## it is preferable to add the polyfluorinated compound (III) slowly, under conditions of dilution and temperature such that the reaction is virtually instantaneous and that there is always an excess of toluene diisocyanate relative to compound (III). ", "Although it is not possible to completely prevent the formation of symmetrical addition products, the presence of these products in the solutions of acrylic monomers (II) which are intended for polymerization does not cause interference. ", "It is, however, possible, if so desired, to remove them by fractional crystallization and filtration, since they are less soluble in solvents than the monomers (II).", "\nInstead of using pure 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, which is very expensive, it is economically advantageous to use a technical grade toluene diisocyanate which can contain up to approximately 35% by weight (preferably up to approximately 20%) of the 2,6-isomer. ", "In effect, insofar as their proportion remains relatively low, the presence of products of addition to this 2,6-isomer does not cause disadvantages for the applications in question.", "\nThe subject of the invention is also the polymers containing units of formula: ##STR13## in which the various symbols have the same meanings as above. ", "These polymers can be obtained from the monomers of formula (II) by homopolymerization or by copolymerization with other monomers, fluorinated or otherwise, in a proportion ranging up to 90% by weight (preferably up to approximately 50%) relative to the total weight of monomers.", "\nAs examples of comonomers which can be used in the context of the present invention, the following may be mentioned:\nlower olefinic hydrocarbons, halogenated or otherwise, such as ethylene, propylene, isobutene, 3- chloro-1-isobutene, butadiene, isoprene, chloro- and dichlorobutadienes, fluoro- and difluorobutadienes, 2,5-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiene, diisobutylene;\nvinyl, allyl or vinylidene halides, such as vinyl or vinylidene chloride, vinyl or vinylidene fluoride, allyl bromide, methallyl chloride;\nstyrene and its derivatives, such as vinyltoluene, .alpha.-methylstyrene, .alpha.-cyanomethylstyrene, divinylbenzene, N-vinylcarbazole;\nvinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, the vinyl esters of the acids known commercially by the name \"Versatic acids\", vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl senecioate, vinyl succinate, vinyl isodecanoate, vinyl stearate, divinyl carbonate;\nallyl esters such as allyl acetate and allyl heptanoate;\nalkyl vinyl or alkyl allyl ethers, halogenated or otherwise, such as cetyl vinyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, tetra allyloxyethane;\nvinyl alkyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone; unsaturated acids, for example acrylic, methacrylic, .alpha.-chloroacrylic, crotonic, maleic, fumaric, itaconic citraconic and senecioic acids, their anhydrides and their esters such as vinyl, allyl, methyl, butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, heptyl, ethyl-2-hexyl, cyclohexyl, lauryl, stearyl and 2-alkoxyethyl acrylates and methacrylates, dimethyl maleate, ethyl crotonate, acid methyl maleate, acid butyl itaconate, glycol or polyalkylene glycol diacrylates and dimethacrylates, such as ethylene glycol or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, dichlorophosphatoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates such as dichlorophosphatoethyl methacrylate, and also acid bis(methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate and methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane;\nacrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, 2-chloroacrylonitrile, 2-cyanoethyl acrylate, methyleneglutaronitrile, vinylidene cyanide, alkyl cyanoacrylates such as isopropyl cyanoacrylate, trisacryloylhexahydro-s-triazine, vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone;\nallyl alcohol, allyl glycolate, isobutenediol, allyloxyethanol, o-allylphenyl, divinylcarbinol, glycerol allyl ether, acrylamide, methacrylamide, maleamide and maleimide, N-(cyanoethyl)acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, diacetoneacrylamide, N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide and -methacrylamide, N-(alkoxymethyl)acrylamides and methacrylamides, glyoxal bisacrylamide, sodium acrylate or methacrylate, 2-sulphoethyl acrylate, vinylsulphonic and styrene-p-sulphonic acids and their alkali metal salts, 3-aminocrotono- nitrile, monoallyl amine, vinylpyridines, glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, acrolein, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl or N-tert-butylamino ethyl methacrylate;\nthe unsaturated fluorine esters of the general formula: ##STR14## in which R.sub.", "F, R and W have the same meanings as above.", "\nThese comonomers can be prepared according to known processes, for example by esterification of the corresponding polyfluorinated alcohols of formula: EQU R.sub.", "F --W--OH (X)\nby means of an alkenemonocarboxylic acid of formula: ##STR15## such as, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or crotonic acid, in the presence of a catalyst such as sulphuric acid or p-toluenesulphonic acid. ", "Instead of the acids of formula (XI), it is also possible to use their esters, anhydrides or halides. ", "As examples of polyfluorinated alcohols of formula (X), there may be mentioned more especially those of formulae (III-a) to (III-j) above.", "\nBy way of comonomers which can be used in the context of the present invention, the following may also be mentioned:\nthe products of formula (VII) above;\nthe unsaturated esters of formula: ##STR16## obtained by condensation of a fluorinated epoxide: ##STR17## with an alkenemonocarboxylic acid of formula (XI); the acrylates and methacrylates of ethers of polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols of formula: ##STR18## in which R.sub.3 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, R.sub.4 denotes an alkyl radical and n is an integer between 2 and 10; and\nthe compounds of formula: ##STR19## in which the symbols Q, R, R.sub.", "F and W have the same meanings as above, A' denotes an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, R.sub.5 denotes an alkyl, cycloalkyl or piperazinyl radical, and Z denotes an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic divalent linkage.", "\nThese compounds, which form the subject of a U.S. application filed Oct. 16, 1986, which claims priority to French Patent application No. ", "85/15,347 filed on Oct. 16th 1985, can be prepared by reacting substantially equimolar amounts of a poly-fluorinated compound of formula (III) and an acrylic ester containing a secondary amino group, of formula: ##STR20## with an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic diisocyanate, under working conditions similar to those described above for the preparation of the monomers (II).", "\nAmong the above-mentioned comonomers, more special preference is given to simple alkyl acrylates and methacrylates or those containing a hydroxyl, amino or sulphonic acid functional group, the fluorinated compounds (IX) and (XV), methacrylates of polyethylene glycol ethers, vinyl ethers, vinyl or vinylidene chloride and fluoride, vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide and its derivatives, and acrylic or methacrylic acid.", "\nThe fluorinated polymers according to the invention can be prepared in a manner known per se, by polymerization in an organic solvent or in an aqueous emulsion, at a temperature which can range from room temperature to the boiling point of the reaction medium. ", "It is preferable to work at between 70.degree. ", "and 110.degree. ", "C. The total concentration of the monomers can vary from 5 to 60% by weight.", "\nThe polymerization in a solvent medium can be carried out in ketonic solvents (for example acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone), alcohols (for example isopropanol), esters (for example ethyl acetate or butyl acetate), ethers (for example diisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl or methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons (for example per-chloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichlorotri fluoroethane), dimethylformamide or N-methyl-2 pyrrolidone.", "\nThe polymerization is performed in the presence of one or more initiators, which can be used in the proportion of 0.1 to 1.5% relative to the total weight of the monomers involved. ", "As initiators, peroxides can be used, such as, for example, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, succinyl peroxide and tert-butyl perpivalate, or azo compounds such as, for example, 2,2'-azo- bisisobutyronitrile, 4,4,'-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) and azodicarbonamide. ", "It is also possible to work in the presence of UV radiation and photoinitiators such as benzophenone, 2-methylanthraquinone or 2 chlorothioxanthone. ", "The length of the polymeric chains can, if so desired, be adjusted by means of chain transfer agents such as alkyl mercaptans, carbon tetrachloride or triphenylmethane, used in the proportion of 0.05 to 0.5% relative to the total weight of monomers.", "\nThe polymerization in aqueous emulsion can be carried out according to well-known techniques, in discontinuous or continuous fashion. ", "The surfactants to be used for the emulsification can be cationic, anionic or nonionic, according to the ionic nature desired for the final latex, and are preferably chosen from the best oil-in-water emulsifers which are as little wetting as possible. ", "Cationic/nonionic or anionic/nonionic surfactant systems are preferably used. ", "As examples of surfactants which can be used, the following may be mentioned more especially:\nin the cationic series, long-chain tertiary amine salts such as N,N-dimethyloctadecylamine acetate, and the quaternary ammonium salts of fatty amines such as trimethylcetylammonium bromide or trimethyldodecyl ammonium chloride;\nin the anionic series, alkali metal salts of long-chain alkylsulphonic acids and alkali metal arylalkyl sulphonates;\nin the nonionic series, condensation products of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with alkyl phenols.", "\nIt can also be advantageous to use surfactants having a perfluorinated hydrophobic chain, such as, for example, ammonium perfluorooctanoate or potassium N-perfluorooctylsulphonyl-N-ethylaminoacetate.", "\nTo facilitate the emulsification of the monomers, it is generally necessary to use organic solvents such as, for example, ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone), glycols or ethylene glycol ethers, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol), or mixtures of these solvents. ", "The amount of solvent should not generally exceed the total weight of the monomers.", "\nAs initiators of polymerization in aqueous emulsion, it is possible to use water-soluble products, such as inorganic peroxides (for example hydrogen peroxide) and persalts (for example potassium persulphate), or initiators which are insoluble in water such as organic peroxides and the azo compounds mentioned above.", "\nThe fluorinated polymers according to the invention can also be prepared by grafting a fluorinated urethane-isocyanate of formula (IV) onto an acrylic polymer having pendent OH groups, which is obtained by homopolymerization of an acrylic ester of formula (V) or by copolymerization of such an ester with one or more of the comonomers mentioned above. ", "The grafting operation can be carried out under the same conditions as the addition of ester (V) to the fluorinated urethane-isocyanate (IV). ", "The acrylic polymer having pendent OH groups can itself be obtained by polymerization in a solvent medium under conditions similar to those described above for the polymerization of the monomers of formula (II).", "\nRegardless of the method by which they are obtained, the fluorinated polymers according to the invention can optionally be isolated according to methods known per se, such as, for example, precipitation or evaporation of the solvent.", "\nThe fluorinated polymers according to the invention prove to be excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic agents on very diverse materials such as paper, nonwoven articles, textiles based on natural, artificial or synthetic fibres, plastics, wood, metals, glass, stone and cement, but are intended especially for the protection of leathers, both for the finishing thereof and for the maintenance of leather articles such as clothing, shoes, fancy leather goods, seats, etc.", "\nFor application, the solutions of polymers are generally diluted with a solvent identical to or compatible with that used for the polymerization, while the emulsions of polymers are diluted with water. ", "The application of the dilute products can be carried out according to different techniques, such as spraying, brush-coating and padding. ", "Depending on their nature, the substrates treated can be dried at room temperature or at temperatures which can range up to 200.degree. ", "C.\nThe amount of polymer to be employed can vary within wide limits, depending on the nature of the support and the fluorine content of the polymer. ", "On leather, this amount is generally within the range of about 1 to 10 g/m.sup.2." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Lillian Alling\n\nLillian Alling was an Eastern European immigrant to the United States who, in the 1920s, attempted a return by foot to her homeland. ", "Her four-year-long journey started in New York, and went westward across Canada, then north through British Columbia, the Yukon, and then west again through Alaska. ", "It is unknown if she successfully crossed the Bering Strait to Russia.", "\n\nJourney \nIn 1926, Alling had been steadily working in New York, saving up for passage to Russia. ", "However, finding she still couldn't afford a steamer ship, she instead chose to walk to Siberia. ", "Her reasons were unknown. ", "Alling studied books and maps in the New York Library, and had drawn a \"rough outline\" of her journey. ", "She first walked to Buffalo, then crossed into Canada at Niagara Falls on Christmas Eve, 1926. ", "When the customs official asked her the routine entry questions, she stated her last place of residence was Rochester, New York, she was a Catholic, she was 30 years old, and had been born in Poland.", "\n\nBy September 10, 1927, Alling reached Canada's western edge, at Hazelton, British Columbia, having walked an average of 30 miles a day. ", "Hazelton was the mouth of the Yukon Telegraph Trail, a 1,000-mile pathway to Canada's far north. ", "Soon after setting out, however, Alling was stopped by a telegraph lineman, as they had cabins every 30 miles along the trail. ", "The lineman noticed Alling's tattered & malnourished appearance, and, after hearing of her intention to walk to Siberia, he phoned the authorities out of concern.", "\n\nConstable J. A. Wyman, of Hazelton, knew that the coming winter months would be deadly to someone on foot, and feared that letting Alling go would be unethical. ", "Though she pleaded to continue, Wyman charged her with vagrancy. ", "She would spend the next two months in Oakhalla Prison, near Vancouver. ", "After her release, she spent the winter working in a Vancouver restaurant, and saved up enough money to travel again in May 1928. ", "By this time, her story had become known among the British Columbia police force, and she received assistance from each of the cabins on the Telegraph Trail, such as food, clothing, and even a dog companion.", "\n\nBy October 1928, Alling had reached Dawson City, Yukon, where locals knew her story and anticipated her arrival. ", "She again spent the winter working, and saved up enough money to purchase and repair a boat, which, the next spring, she would use to sail the Yukon River into Alaska.", "\n\nThe following is an excerpt from Calvin Rutstrum's book, The New Way of the Wilderness (1958):\n\nThe last sighting of Alling was by an Eskimo outside Teller, Alaska, near North America's westernmost point, in 1929. ", "At minimum, she had walked 5,000 miles. ", "An excerpt from Susan Smith-Josephy's book Lillian Alling: The Journey Home (2011) gives one possibility for Lillian's fate:In spite of strained relations between the US and the Soviet Union in 1929, the Native people of both countries still traveled regularly across the strait each year from June through November--when the water was usually ice-free--in order to trade and buy supplies. ", "This traffic was either ignored or undetected by authorities on either side of the strait.", "Travel between the two countries was common, and it would have been quite normal for someone to pay for a passage across the Strait. ", "However, for several years, what happened to her once she reached Soviet Russia remained unknown. ", "\n\nIn 1972, an author named Francis Dickie published an account of Alling’s journey in True West magazine. ", "Shortly thereafter, a reader named Arthur Elmore wrote in, recalling a \"peculiar\" story told by a Russian friend. ", "In the fall of 1930, Elmore's friend was on the waterfront of Provideniya, 150 miles west of Nome. ", "On the beach were several officials interrogating a group - three Eskimo men, from the Diomede Islands, and one Caucasian woman, standing near a boat. ", "It is uncertain if this woman was Lillian Alling.", "\n\nFictionalized works\nAlling's story provided the loose inspiration for Cassandra Pybus' travelogue Raven Road (2001) , for Amy Bloom's novel Away (2007) and for Liliane de Kermadec's film La Piste du télégraphe (The Telegraph Route) (1994) and Andreas Horvath's film Lillian (2019).", "\n\nIn 2007, the Vancouver Opera announced they had commissioned an opera based on Lillian Alling's story; composed by John Estacio, with a libretto by John Murrell, it premiered on 16 October 2010.", "\n\nIn 2019 the film Lillian was released, loosely transposing her journey in present times, preceded by the period film The Telegraph Route in 1994.", "\n\nReferences\n\nSee also\nChristopher Thomas Knight\nChristopher McCandless, subject of Jon Krakauer's book Into the Wild (1996), later adapted into a 2007 film by Sean Penn \nCarl McCunn, wildlife photographer who became stranded in the Alaskan wilderness and eventually committed suicide when he ran out of supplies (1981)\nLars Monsen, Norwegian adventurer and TV personality who once travelled by foot, canoe, and dog sled from the east coast of Canada to the west coast, which project took over two years to complete\nNanook of the North (1922), silent film documentary following the lives of an Inuit family\nRichard Proenneke, spent 30 years at Twin Lakes in the Alaskan wilderness\n Everett Ruess\nTimothy Treadwell\nEd Wardle\n\nCategory:Backpacking\nCategory:Hikers\nCategory:Lost explorers\nCategory:20th-century explorers\nCategory:Year of birth missing\nCategory:Year of death missing" ]

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[ "\n727 N.W.2d 612 (2007)\nPEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee,\nv.\nRonald Allen JOHNSON, Defendant-Appellant.", "\nDocket No. ", "132530. ", "COA No. ", "262415.", "\nSupreme Court of Michigan.", "\nFebruary 27, 2007.", "\nOn order of the Court, the application for leave to appeal the September 28, 2006 judgment of the Court of Appeals is considered, and it is DENIED, because we are not persuaded that the questions presented should be reviewed by this Court.", "\n" ]

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[ "Armed Kenyan Turkana fishermen take their lives in their hands as changing fish patterns have intensified sometimes violent rivalry with their Dessanech near neighbours\n\nThe beach looks ready for war: in the sparse lakeshore shade hundreds wait, sweaty from the heat, weapons at their feet.", "\n\nIn Kenya's hot, dry and lawless north even the fishermen are armed, but guns will not save them.", "\n\nThey live on Lake Turkana, the biggest desert lake on earth and a World Heritage Site, but the lake is threatened and so is their way of life.", "\n\n\"There are fewer and fewer fish,\" said 41-year-old Maurice Echerait, sitting next to handmade nets with discarded plastic bottles for floats by the ramshackle row of improvised shelters that make up Nayenae camp.", "\n\nThe reason, he says, lies 600 kilometres (370 miles) northwards up the Omo River, Turkana's main tributary, and rises 243 metres (797 feet) into the sky: 'Gibe III', Africa's tallest hydroelectric dam unveiled by Ethiopia last year.", "\n\nThe dam is now filling up so Turkana's water levels are falling and the seasonal flooding that helps the fish breed is disrupted.", "\n\n\"The fish that are left are all gathered in the Omo delta\" to the north, which is rich in nutrients, Echerait said.", "\n\nBlood in the water\n\nLife in Kenya's arid north is a relentless battle for scarce resources, and the changing fish patterns mean the traditional, sometimes deadly, rivalry has intensified between the neighbouring Turkana and Dessanech people.", "\n\n\"Now that we put our nets in the same places, in the delta, there is fighting on the water,\" Echerait said.", "\n\nA boy walks past a stack of fish on the western shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana, which is gradually receding, fuelling fears of diminished fish stocks\n\n\"We don't negotiate when we meet the Dessanech, we fire on sight and so do they,\" said Echerait, whose cousin was killed in a shootout late last year.", "\n\nNayenae camp looks like a militant outpost, stocked with AK-47s, G3s and FAL rifles. ", "Fishing boats are camouflaged with thick stripes of jade green and pastel blue \"to go unnoticed\" among the delta's plants and waters, said Echerait.", "\n\nIn the past, a good catch meant nets overflowing with carp, perch and tilapia. ", "Today, fishermen are happy to return to shore with their lives.", "\n\n\"One single river, the Omo, contributes 90 percent of the total freshwater inflow into Lake Turkana,\" said Sean Avery, a hydrologist, who studies the lake, \"so if there's any change in that one river system, it's going to have a direct impact.\"", "\n\nNo flooding, no fish\n\nEthiopia's impact assessments for Gibe III—just one of a series of dams planned for the Omo—\"do not take into account the possible consequences on the other side of the border,\" said Avery, where 300,000 people depend on fishing.", "\n\nWhen the dam began to fill two years ago the Omo's flow decreased and the lake dropped by two metres, drying out the tilapia's shallow breeding grounds. ", "Once the dam is full this problem will be reversed, but the long-term impact on seasonal flooding is of greater concern.", "\n\nJohn Malala, of the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, said 60 percent of Turkana's fish \"rely on the river Omo to breed because they are migratory fish.\"", "\n\nNo flooding means no migration and no breeding. ", "Ethiopia has promised to trigger artificial floods, but they are untested.", "\n\n\"If I knew where this dam was I would go and break it down myself!\" ", "said Loito Ibuya, an enraged young fisherman in a camouflage T-shirt.", "\n\nTraditional communities on the eastern as well as the northern shores of Lake Turkana, the world's largest permanent desert lake, are competing, sometimes violently, for fish supplies\n\nLike others in Nayenae, Ibuya abandoned his village, 10 km to the north, because it was too close to the Dessanech and he refuses to move any further south because he would be further from the delta and fuel costs for his outboard motor would increase.", "\n\nFishermen, he said, were betrayed by successive Kenyan governments which marginalised and neglected the Turkana region for generations and now seems more interested in buying Ethiopian electricity from Gibe III than protecting their interests.", "\n\nAfrica's Aral Sea\n\nBut Ethiopia's ambitions are not only electrical but agricultural, and the impact on the lake could prove catastrophic.", "\n\nIrrigation projects for sugar cane and cotton plantations downstream of Gibe III will require the diversion of unknown quantities of river water.", "\n\nUncertainty and controversy surround these plans but Ethiopia's taciturn government does little and says less to dispell concerns.", "\n\nAnalysing satellite imagery, the pressure group Human Rights Watch estimated that roughly a third of 100,000 hectares have already been planted, with possibly more to come.", "\n\n\"We've seen figures mooted of up to 450,000 hectares (1.1 million acres), that would remove 50 percent of the river,\" said Avery.", "\n\nThe lake would then drop by dozens of metres, splitting in two across its narrow, shallow waist in a replay of the Aral Sea, which was drained by the diversion of rivers for irrigation in Central Asia.", "\n\nAlarmed by these existential dangers, some Turkana and Dessanech leaders began peace talks in March. ", "Michael Irgiena, a Dessanech fisherman who crossed the lake to parley, asked: \"When the lake is empty, what will we have been fighting for?\"", "\n\nExplore further Ethiopia dam causes Kenya water shortage: rights group\n\n© 2017 AFP" ]

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[ "Q:\n\n¿Como limitar la cantidad de caracteres en un Entry en Python\n\nresulta que estoy trabajando con la librería tkinter en python y me surgió la necesidad de limitar la cantidad de caracteres que se puedan ingresar dentro de un entry, he estado buscando como hacerlo pero no encuentro respuesta ojala alguien pueda ayudarme\n\nA:\n\nfrom tkinter import *\nfrom tkinter import ttk\n\ngui = Tk()\ngui.geometry(\"200x200+50+50\") \n\nzona_c = Canvas(gui, width = 200, height = 200) \nzona_c.config(background=\"cyan4\")\nzona_c.pack()\n\nentry_text = StringVar() \nentry_widget = Entry(zona_c, width = 20, textvariable = entry_text,justify=CENTER) \nzona_c.create_window(100, 100, window = entry_widget)\n\ndef limitador(entry_text):\n if len(entry_text.get()) > 0:\n #donde esta el :5 limitas la cantidad d caracteres\n entry_text.set(entry_text.get()[:5])\n\nentry_text.trace(\"w\", lambda *args: limitador(entry_text))\ngui.mainloop()\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Background {#s1}\n==========\n\nIn critically ill patients, mechanical ventilation might cause ventilator-induced lung injury and hospital-acquired pneumonia, both conditions promote atelectasis and stagnant secretions that may worsen oxygenation and delay weaning from ventilator ([@B1], [@B2]).", "\n\nAtelectasis may result from numerous causes, for example, from congestion of mucus in the central airways, from increased sputum production, from decreased mucociliary clearance, from decreased cough effectiveness, from increased sputum viscosity, or by a combination of these factors. ", "Treatment of atelectasis in intensive care unit (ICU) patients has been focused on blind airway suctioning, bronchoscopy with or without adjuncts such as nebulization of N-acetylcysteine, and chest physiotherapy. ", "Bronchoscopy is regarded as an attractive method for endobronchial mucus clearing, which possibly results in a more effective airway clearance as it is performed under direct visualization of the airways.", "\n\nHowever, the current literature on the effectiveness of bronchoscopy in the treatment of atelectasis is limited. ", "A systematic review concluded that bronchoscopy could be effective in the treatment of atelectasis. ", "The success rates (defined as radiographic improvement on chest X-ray \\[CXR\\] or an improved PaO~2~/PAO~2~ ratio) in the ICU patient population had, however, a remarkably wide range of 19--89% ([@B3]). ", "Moreover, the effect of bronchoscopy on lung mechanics is largely unknown, which may be of importance in reducing the work of breathing. ", "Furthermore, the superiority of bronchoscopy over blind airway suctioning on clinical relevant endpoints, such as gas exchange, has also not been established ([@B4]).", "\n\nThe lack of consistency in the study design in previous case studies ([@B3]--[@B11]), such as small groups, large variation in the study population, wide range of success, and studies not looking specifically at atelectasis, represents important limitations in the current scientific evidence about bronchoscopy in ICU patients. ", "As such, additional studies are needed to explore further the role of bronchoscopy in atelectasis in this group of patients.", "\n\nWe have hypothesized that bronchoscopy for atelectasis in the ICU improves gas exchange and respiratory mechanics, as assessed by an increase in PaO~2~/FiO~2~ of more than 20 mmHg or by a decrease in PaCO~2~ of more than 2 mm Hg, combined with an increase in dynamic lung compliance, for up to 24 h after intervention. ", "Furthermore, we have aimed to determine the safety of bronchoscopy and predictors for clinical improvement.", "\n\nMaterial and methods {#s2}\n====================\n\nDesign: A retrospective, single-center cohort study.", "\n\nSetting: The ICU of an academic hospital in Amsterdam from January 2011 till July 2015.", "\n\nPatients: Adult patients (\\>18 years old) who underwent a bronchoscopy because of atelectasis on CXR and in which the standard therapy failed. ", "Standard care consisted of blind suctioning of the airways, airway nebulization (with bronchodilators and/or N-acetylcysteine), and chest physiotherapy. ", "We excluded 28 patients whose exact time of bronchoscopy was lacking from the electronic medical record.", "\n\nProcedure: Shortly before and during the bronchoscopy, the fractional inspired oxygen was raised to 100%. ", "Mechanical ventilation was continued throughout the procedure in a volume controlled mode with an increased upper limit of maximum airway pressure. ", "Sedation was provided as required and titrated by the intensive care physician. ", "All bronchoscopies were performed by or under the direct supervision of a pulmonologist.", "\n\nData and characteristics\n------------------------\n\nDemographic information, patient characteristics, data on admission, and ventilation were collected for all patients from the electronic medical record system PDMS (Metavision®, IMD-soft, Tel-Aviv, Israel). ", "The outcome variables were abstracted immediately before and 1, 12, and 24 h after the bronchoscopy.", "\n\nResponse to bronchoscopy was deemed as clinically relevant based on the improvement of oxygenation, as defined by an increase in the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio) \\> 20 mmHg ([@B12], [@B13]), and an improvement of ventilation, defined as a decrease of \\> 2 mmHg in partial pressure of CO~2~ in arterial blood (PaCO~2~) ([@B14]). ", "Pdriving was calculated as Peak pressure (Ppeak) − positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), where Ppeak was used as a surrogate for plateau pressure, which was not available. ", "Dynamic compliance was calculated as tidal volume divided by Ppeak. ", "We defined pneumonia as the combination of positive microbiological culture, purulent sputum, and an infiltration on CXR.", "\n\nThe findings obtained during bronchoscopy were retrieved from bronchoscopy reports. ", "Data on the location of atelectasis and pulmonary infiltrate were retrieved from CXR reports when available. ", "The CXRs were evaluated by a staff radiologist. ", "Radiographic improvement was defined as a resolution of atelectasis and/or increased aeration on CXR.", "\n\nStatistical analysis\n--------------------\n\nAt the start of the study protocol, we estimated that the study would be able to detect a clinically relevant improvement of oxygenation (PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio \\> 20 mmHg) after bronchoscopy (with α level of two-tailed test as 0.05) at a power of 80% if the total sample size was at least 98 cases.", "\n\nBaseline patient characteristics were recorded and tabulated. ", "Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and percentages. ", "Normally distributed continuous variables were summarized by mean ± standard deviation (± SD) and non-normally distributed variables by median and interquartile range (IQR).", "\n\nTo examine the longitudinal changes in continuous outcome variables after bronchoscopy, mixed linear models were used with time as the independent (categorical) variable. ", "In case of a significant overall effect of time, *post-hoc* tests were used to compare means at each of the follow-up times separately with baseline measurement. ", "Residuals were checked for normality. ", "In case the normality assumption was violated, the nonparametric Friedman test followed by a *post-hoc* testing using Wilcoxon signed-rank testing was used.", "\n\nChi-square tests and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the predicting factors for clinical improvement after bronchoscopy, with additional ROC curve analysis to determine optimal cutoff points. ", "Covariates included in the multivariable model were those associated with clinical improvement in univariate analyses at a significance level of *P* \\< 0.1, and a backward elimination method was used. *", "P* \\< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. ", "For *post-hoc* comparisons, a Bonferroni correction was used to account for the three separate comparisons of the follow-up measurements with the baseline. ", "All *p*-values reported for the *post-hoc* tests have been corrected for multiple testing and should also be compared to the 0.05 significance level. ", "All statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS 20 statistical software package (SPSS Inc.®, Chicago USA).", "\n\nResults {#s3}\n=======\n\nPatient characteristics\n-----------------------\n\nThe characteristics of all patients are presented in Table [1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "Between January 2011 and July 2015, 129 bronchoscopies were performed for the indication of atelectasis in 116 patients. ", "Of these, 28 patients were excluded due to unsure and/or inadequate recording of bronchoscopy timing, making the total study population amount to 101 bronchoscopies in 88 patients. ", "These 88 patients comprised of 7% of the total ICU population who required \\> 72 h of mechanical ventilation in the study period. ", "At the time of bronchoscopy, most patients were mechanically ventilated (64%), 17% of the patients were ventilated noninvasively, and only 19% of the patients were without respiratory support.", "\n\n###### \n\nBaseline demographics and general outcome.", "\n\n **Baseline demographics and general outcome** **Data available on N (%)** \n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- -----------\n **INCLUDED PATIENTS** ***N*** = **88** \n APACHE2 score at admission[^\\*^](#TN1){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 23.2 (±10,7) 88 (100)\n Age (years)[^†^](#TN2){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 63 \\[46--71\\] 88 (100)\n Sex male/female[^‡^](#TN3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 57/31 (65/35) 88 (100)\n BMI (kg/m2)[^\\*^](#TN1){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 25.5 (±6,1) 88 (100)\n Admission type/specialty 88 (100) \n Pulmonary Diseases[^‡^](#TN3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 27 (30,7) \n Thoracic surgery[^‡^](#TN3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 15 (17,0) \n General surgery[^‡^](#TN3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 19 (21,5) \n Neurosurgery[^‡^](#TN3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 13 (14,8) \n Miscellaneous[^‡^](#TN3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 14 (15,9) \n Pulmonary history at time of admission[^‡^](#TN3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 34 (38,6) 88 (100)\n Duration of total ICU admission (days)[^\\*^](#TN1){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 20.6 (±17,4) 86 (98)\n ICU mortality[^‡^](#TN3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 20 (22,7) 88 (100)\n Duration of mechanical ventilation (h)[^†^](#TN2){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 240 \\[80--514\\] 81 (92)\n **INCLUDED BRONCHOSCOPIES** ***N*** = **101** \n Ventilation type[^§^](#TN4){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 101 (100) \n Without ventilator support[^‡^](#TN3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 19 (18,8) \n Noninvasive ventilation[^‡^](#TN3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 17 (16,8) \n Mechanical ventilation (intubated)[^‡^](#TN3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 65 (64,4) \n Pressure control ventilation 41 (40,6) \n Pressure support ventilation 24 (23,7) \n Dynamic compliance (ml/cmH20)[^†^](#TN2){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}[^§^](#TN4){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 29 \\[22--42\\] 70 (69)\n Respiratory rate (respiration/minute)[^\\*^](#TN1){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}[^§^](#TN4){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 22.0 (±9,5) 89 (88)\n Heart rate (beats/minute)[^\\*^](#TN1){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}[^§^](#TN4){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 95.1 (±18,3) 101 (100)\n Inotropes [^‡^](#TN3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}[^§^](#TN4){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 54 (53,5) 101 (100)\n PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio (mmHg)[^\\*^](#TN1){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}[^§^](#TN4){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 183.9 (±89,12) 82 (81)\n PaCO~2~ (mmHg)[^†^](#TN2){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}[^§^](#TN4){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 45 \\[40.5--53\\] 97 (96)\n\nValues are mean (±SD).", "\n\nValues are median \\[IQR\\].", "\n\nValues are N (%).", "\n\nBaseline measurements were recorded 1 h before bronchoscopy.", "\n\n*BMI, body mass index; APACHE 2, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II ([@B15]); PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio, the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen; PaCO~2~, partial pressure of CO~2~ in arterial blood sample (mmHg)*.", "\n\nBronchoscopy, radiology and side effects\n----------------------------------------\n\nThe indication, main findings, and interventions during bronchoscopy are presented in Table [2](#T2){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "Atelectasis of one lobe (59%) was the main indication for bronchoscopy.", "\n\n###### \n\nIndication, main findings, interventions during bronchoscopy, and associated outcome and side effects.", "\n\n **Findings during bronchoscopy and on chest X ray (CXR)** **N (%)** **Data available on N (%)**\n -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- -----------------------------\n Number of atelectatic lobes seen on CXR[^\\*^](#TN5){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 97 (96)\n 1 60 (59) \n 2 31 (31) \n 3 6 (6) \n \\>3 0 (0) \n Number of obstructed (secondary) bronchi found during bronchoscopy 101 (100)\n 0 (or not reported) 33 (33) \n 1 30 (30) \n 2 25 (25) \n 3 10 (10) \n \\>3 3 (3) \n Bronchoscopic intervention 101 (100)\n  Intervention reported (airway suctioning of secretion) 90 (89) \n  Reported obstruction of bronchi due to secretion 68 (67) \n Bronchoscopy not terminated early 101 (100)\n  Complications[^§^](#TN6){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 13 (13) 98 (97)\n  Desaturation between 80 and 90% 10 (10) \n  Discomfort requiring additional sedation 1 (1) \n  Hypotension due to sedation 1 (1) \n  Arrhythmia 1 (1) \n\nValues are N (%) unless otherwise stated.", "\n\nAs stated in CXR report. ", "Four missing, atelectasis were seen on CT scan.", "\n\n*Mild complications not requiring early termination of bronchoscopy, no severe complications found*.", "\n\nIn 89% of the cases, airway suctioning during bronchoscopy was reported. ", "Obstruction due to this secretion was reported in 67% of the cases. ", "Mostly, obstruction of one bronchus was seen (30%).", "\n\nSubsequent CXR was performed in 45 subjects and improvement was recorded in 96% of the subjects.", "\n\nExcept for mild complications, occurring in 13% of the subjects, no adverse events were stated. ", "Desaturation, with saturations between 80 and 90%, was encountered the most. ", "None of the bronchoscopies were terminated early (Table [2](#T2){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nGas exchange\n------------\n\nResults of bronchoscopy on gas exchange are shown in Table [3](#T3){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "The PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio and measurements involving end tidal CO~2~ were calculated solely on invasively mechanical ventilated patients and respiratory mechanics solely on intubated and pressure control ventilated patients.", "\n\n###### \n\nResults of bronchoscopy on gas exchanges.", "\n\n **Variable** **Outcome** **Difference to baseline** ***p-value*** **Subgroup analysis ± Outcome** **Difference to baseline** ***p-value***\n ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ---------------\n PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio overall \\< 0.001 \\< 0.001 \n Baseline[^\\*^](#TN7){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 184 (±89)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 145 (±78.1)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n 1 h 214 (±100)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 30 (6.4 to 53.5)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.007 182 (±92.5)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 37 (−0.2 to 74)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.052\n 12 h 234 (±93)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 50 (25.7 to 73.4)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \\< 0.001 230 (±90.5)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 85 (48 to 123)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \\< 0.002\n 24 h 233 (±92)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 49 (24.0 to 73.1)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \\< 0.001 225 (±94.1)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 80 (42 to 118)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \\< 0.002\n EtCO~2~ 0.39 0.182 \n Baseline[^\\*^](#TN7){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 38.4 (±6.8)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 37.4 (±7.6)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n 1 h 37.4 (±7.6)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} −1 (−3.0 to 1.0)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.669 35.3 (±7.4)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} −2.1 (−4.7 to 0.45)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.143\n 12 h 38.7 (±8.3)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.3 (−1.6 to 2.3)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1.000 37.1 (±9.0)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0 (−2.9 to 2.2)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1.000\n 24 h 38.4 (±7.7)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0 (−2.0 to 2)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1.000 36.1 (±6.8)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} −1 (−4 to 1.4)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.749\n Art-etCO~2~ overall \\< 0.001 0.001 \n Baseline[^\\*^](#TN7){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 11.0 (±9.5)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 12 (±10.5)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n 1 h 9.6 (±7.4)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} −1.4 (−3.4 to 0.6)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.304 9.7 (±7.1)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} −2.6 (−5.4 to 0.3)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.108\n 12 h 8.3 (±7.8)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} −2.7 (−4.8 to −0.6)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.005 8.1 (±8.9)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} −4.1 (−7 to −1.2)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.003\n 24 h 7.4 (±6.4)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} −3.6 (−5.7 to −1.4)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \\< 0.001 7.8 (±5.7)[^†^](#TN8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} −4.5 (−7.4 to −1.4)[^‡^](#TN9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.002\n PaCO~2~ overall 0.057 0.006 \n Baseline[^\\*^](#TN7){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 46 \\[41--53\\][^§^](#TN10){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 46 \\[41--53\\][^§^](#TN10){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n 1 h 45 \\[41--53\\][^§^](#TN10){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1[^\\#^](#TN11){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1.000 43 \\[40--50\\][^§^](#TN10){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 3[^\\#^](#TN11){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.012\n 12 h 46 \\[41--52\\][^§^](#TN10){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0[^\\#^](#TN11){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.366 43 \\[38--47\\][^§^](#TN10){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 3[^\\#^](#TN11){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.018\n 24 h 45 \\[40--50\\][^§^](#TN10){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1.5[^\\#^](#TN11){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.042 42 \\[37--47\\][^§^](#TN10){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 4[^\\#^](#TN11){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.006\n\nBonferroni correction has already been applied to p-values for all post-hoc tests (follow-up vs. baseline).", "\n\nPaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio, measurements involving end tidal CO~2~ and respiratory mechanics were calculated solely on invasively mechanical ventilated patients.", "\n\n± Subgroup analysis on intubated and pressure control ventilated patients (n = 41).", "\n\nBaseline measurements were recorded 1h before bronchoscopy. ", "PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio, the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (mmHg); EtCO~2~, end tidal measurement of CO~2~ (mmHg); Art-etCO~2~, arterial pCO~2~ end tidal CO~2~ difference (mmHg), compliance (ml/cmH2O); PaCO~2~, partial pressure of CO~2~ in arterial blood sample (mmHg); PEEP, positive end expiratory pressure (cmH2O); Ppeak, peak pressure (cmH2O); Pdriving, Ppeak-PEEP (cmH2O).", "\n\nMean (±SD).", "\n\nMean difference compared to baseline (95% CI).", "\n\nMedian \\[IQR\\].", "\n\n*Median difference compared to baseline*.", "\n\nClinically relevant improvement of oxygenation was seen in 76% of the subjects and clinically relevant improvement of ventilation in 59% of the subjects. ", "Both oxygenation and ventilation improved in 49% of the subjects.", "\n\nA statistically significant increase in the PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio was seen 1, 12, and 24 h after bronchoscopy for all procedures. ", "Arterial-end tidal CO~2~ difference decreased 12 and 24 h post bronchoscopy. ", "No statistically significant difference was observed for end tidal measurement of CO~2~ (etCO~2~). ", "When performing a subgroup analysis on pressure control ventilated patients, these observed differences persisted or became even larger. ", "In case of PaCO~2~, a statistically significant decrease was found only in the subgroup analysis. ", "No statistically significant changes in oxygenation, ventilation or respiratory mechanics were seen in the cases (representing 11% of the total) in which no intervention was performed during bronchoscopy.", "\n\nRespiratory mechanics\n---------------------\n\nRespiratory mechanics were calculated solely on intubated and pressure control ventilated patients. ", "Bronchoscopy improved compliance, Ppeak and Pdriving, while tidal volume remained the same, at 12 h post-bronchoscopy. ", "These results persisted for at least 24 h after bronchoscopy. ", "No statistically significant difference in PEEP was observed at any time after bronchoscopy, so respiratory mechanics improved without adjustment of PEEP (Table [4](#T4){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n###### \n\nResults of bronchoscopy on respiratory mechanics on subgroup intubated, pressure control ventilated patients (*n* = 41).", "\n\n **Variable** **Subgroup analysis ± Outcome** **Difference to baseline** ***P*-value**\n -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------- ---------------\n **Compliance (Dynamic) overall** \\< 0.001 \n Baseline[^\\*^](#TN12){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 26 \\[20--30\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n 1 h 28 \\[22--34\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 2[^\\#^](#TN14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.04\n 12 h 34 \\[27--47\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 8[^\\#^](#TN14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \\< 0.002\n 24 h 35 \\[27--99\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 9[^\\#^](#TN14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \\< 0.002\n **Peep overall** 0.001 \n Baseline[^\\*^](#TN12){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 11 \\[8--15\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n 1 h 12 \\[8--16\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1[^\\#^](#TN14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.26\n 12 h 11 \\[8--14\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0[^\\#^](#TN14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1.000\n 24 h 10 \\[8--14\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} −1[^\\#^](#TN14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.138\n **Ppeak overall** \\< 0.001 \n Baseline[^\\*^](#TN12){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 29 \\[22--36\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n 1 h 28 \\[23--35\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1[^\\#^](#TN14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1.200\n 12 h 26 \\[20--31\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 3[^\\#^](#TN14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.003\n 24 h 26 \\[15--30\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 3[^\\#^](#TN14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \\< 0.002\n **Pdriving overall (Ppeak-Peep)** \\< 0.001 \n Baseline[^\\*^](#TN12){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 16 \\[14--21\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n 1 h 15 \\[13--20\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1[^\\#^](#TN14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.430\n 12 h 14 \\[10--16\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 2[^\\#^](#TN14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \\< 0.002\n 24 h 14 \\[6--16\\][^§^](#TN13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 2[^\\#^](#TN14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \\< 0.002\n\nBonferroni correction has already been applied to p-values for all post-hoc tests (follow-up vs. baseline).", "\n\n^±^ Subgroup analysis on intubated and pressure control ventilated patients (n = 41).", "\n\nBaseline measurements were recorded 1 h before bronchoscopy. ", "Compliance (ml/cmH2O), PEEP, positive end expiratory pressure (cmH2O); Ppeak, peak pressure (cmH2O); Pdriving, Ppeak-PEEP (cmH2O).", "\n\nMedian \\[IQR\\].", "\n\n*Median difference compared to baseline*.", "\n\nAll statistically significant changes in gas exchange and respiratory mechanics are shown in Figure [1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}.", "\n\n![", "Results of bronchoscopy on gas exchange and respiratory mechanics \\*Statistically significant change compared to baseline (*p* \\< 0.05 Bonferroni correction has already been applied to *p*-values for all *post-hoc* tests, follow-up vs. baseline). ", "Baseline measurements were recorded 1 h before bronchoscopy. ", "Subsequent measurements, respectively at 1, 12, and 24 h post bronchoscopy. ", "PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio, measurements involving end tidal CO~2~ were calculated solely on invasively mechanical ventilated patients. ", "^†^Results of subgroup analysis on intubated and pressure control ventilated patients. **(", "A)** PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio: the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (mmHg); **(B)** Art-etCO~2~: arterial pCO~2~ end tidal CO~2~ difference (mmHg); **(C)** PaCO~2~: partial pressure of CO~2~ in arterial blood sample (mmHg); **(D)** Compliance (ml/cmH2O); **(E)**. ", "Ppeak: peak pressure (cmH2O); **(F)** Pdriving: Ppeak-PEEP (cmH2O), PEEP: positive end expiratory pressure (cmH2O). ", "PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio and art-etCO~2~ presented as median \\[IQR\\]; all other parameters as mean (±SD).](fmed-05-00301-g0001){#F1}\n\nPredictors of successful bronchoscopy\n-------------------------------------\n\nTo identify individual predictors for clinical improvement after bronchoscopy, univariate logistic regression analyses were performed on several baseline characteristics. ", "Results are presented in Table [5](#T5){ref-type=\"table\"}.", "\n\n###### \n\nUnivariable analysis of selected baseline characteristics on clinical improvement of oxygenation.", "\n\n **Clinical improvement of oxygenation OR (95% CI)** ***P*-value** **Clinical improvement of ventilation OR (95% CI)** ***P*-value** **Clinical improvement of oxygenation AND ventilation OR (95% CI)** ***P*-value**\n ------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------------- --------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------\n **BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS** \n PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio 0.99 (0.98--0.99) 0.00 0.99 (0.99--1.00) 0.13 0.99 (0.99--1.00) 0.01\n PaCO~2~ 0.99 (0.95--1.04) 0.79 1.16 (1.08--1.25) 0.00 1.07 (1.02--1.13) 0.00\n Compliance 0.99 (0.98--0.99) 0.04 0.99 (0.98--1.00) 0.08 0.99 (0.98--1.00) 0.08\n Number of atelectic lobes[^\\*^](#TN15){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1.57 (0.70--3.53) 0.27 1.04 (0.57--1.92) 0.89 1.27 (0.66--2.42) 0.48\n Infiltration on CXR[^\\*^](#TN15){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.63 (0.21--1.90) 0.41 1.62 (0.60--4.37) 0.34 0.61 (0.22--1.68) 0.34\n Purulent sputum 0.84 (0.29--2.47) 0.75 2.22 (0.82--5.99) 0.12 0.62 (0.25--1.56) 0.31\n Bronchial toilet frequency[^†^](#TN16){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.98 (0.88--1.09) 0.72 1.02 (0.92--1.12) 0.74 1.02 (0.92--1.12) 0.73\n Presence of pneumonia[^‡^](#TN17){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1.35 (0.27--6.82) 0.72 1.82 (0.51--6.48) 0.36 0.83 (0.24--2.96) 0.78\n Positive sputum culture 1.13 (0.41--3.10) 0.82 1.29 (0.57--2.96) 0.55 1.20 (0.52--2.77) 0.67\n\nClinical improvement on oxygenation is defined as PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio increase \\>20 mmHg ([@B12], [@B13]).", "\n\nClinical improvement on ventilation is defined as PaCO~2~ decrease \\> 2 mmHg ([@B14]).", "\n\nPaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio, the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (mmHg); PaCO~2~, partial pressure of CO~2~ in arterial blood sample (mmHg), dynamic compliance (ml/cmH2O); CXR, chest X ray.", "\n\nNumber of atelectic lobes, infiltration as described in chest X-ray (CXR) reported before performance of bronchoscopy.", "\n\nBronchial toilet frequency as performed in 12 h before bronchoscopy.", "\n\n*Presence of pneumonia was defined as the combination of purulent sputum, positive sputum culture, and an infiltrate seen on CXR*.", "\n\nOf all the variables included, only baseline recordings of a lower PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio (OR 0.99 95% CI 0.99--1.00 *p* = 0.01) and higher PaCO~2~ (OR 1.07 95% CI 1.02,1.13 *p* \\< 0.01) were significantly associated with clinical improvement on both oxygenation and ventilation in the univariate analyses. ", "In addition, low compliance (OR 0.99 95% CI 0.98--1.00 *p* = 0.08) was also included in a multivariate analysis. ", "An association for clinical improvement on oxygenation was found for the baseline recordings of a low PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio (OR 0.99 95% CI 0.98--0.99 *p* \\< 0.01) and low compliance (OR 0.99 95% CI 0.98--1.00 *p* = 0.04). ", "Additionally, high PaCO~2~ (OR 1.16 95% CI 1.08--1.25 *p* \\< 0.01) and low compliance (OR 0.99 95% CI 0.98--1.00 *p* = 0.08) were associated with clinical improvement on ventilation.", "\n\nIn the subsequent multivariable analyses, performed on a total of 70 cases due to missing data, only the baseline presence of high levels of PaCO~2~ remained as a predictive factor for clinical improvement of both oxygenation and ventilation (OR 1.14 95% CI 1.05--1.23 *p* = 0.001) and ventilation alone (OR 1.13 95% CI 1.05--1.23 *p* = 0.002). ", "A baseline recording of low PaO~2~/FiO~2~ levels was the only remaining parameter that was significantly associated with clinical improvement on oxygenation (OR 0.991 95% CI 0.984--0.997 *p* = 0.006) (Table [6](#T6){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n###### \n\nMultivariable analysis of predictors for clinical improvement of oxygenation.", "\n\n **Baseline characteristic** **Clinical improvement on oxygenation OR (95% CI)** ***P*-value** **Clinical improvement on ventilation OR (95% CI)** ***P*-value** **Clinical improvement on oxygenation AND ventilation OR (95% CI)** ***P*-value**\n ----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------------- --------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------\n PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio 0.991 (0.984--0.997) 0.006 1.00 (0.99--1.00) 0.198 1.00 (0.99--1.00) 0.135\n PaCO~2~ 1.006 (0.928--1.091) 0.885 1.13 (1.05--1.23) 0.002 1.14 (1.05--1.23) 0.001\n Compliance 0.992 (0.982--1.002) 0.108 1.00 (0.98--1.00) 0.314 0.99 (0.98--1.01) 0.300\n\nClinical improvement on oxygenation is defined as PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio increase \\>20 mmHg ([@B12], [@B13]).", "\n\nClinical improvement on ventilation is defined as PaCO~2~ decrease \\> 2 mmHg ([@B14]).", "\n\n*PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio, the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (mmHg); PaCO~2~, partial pressure of CO~2~ in arterial blood sample (mmHg), dynamic compliance (ml/cmH2O)*.", "\n\nBy analyzing PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio and PaCO~2~ in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve optimal cutoff points were determined. ", "For PaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio, a baseline value of ≤ 210 mmHg is predictive of clinical improvement on oxygenation after bronchoscopy with a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 66%. ", "PaCO~2~ as predictive of clinical improvement on ventilation alone or on oxygenation and ventilation, a cut-off value of ≥ 44,5 mmHg will render a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 74% in our patient population.", "\n\nDiscussion {#s4}\n==========\n\nThe main results of this study are that bronchoscopy, when performed in the case of atelectasis in critically ill patients, was clinically beneficial in most patients by improving oxygenation (76%), ventilation (59%), or both (49%) for at least 24 h. In addition, in intubated and pressure control ventilated patients, a significant improvement was found in dynamic compliance, Ppeak, and Pdriving, with positive effects lasting for up to 24 h. Patients with a low baseline recording of PaO~2~/FiO~2~ and high baseline recording of PaCO~2~ seemed to benefit the most. ", "Lastly, bronchoscopy was safe in these patients.", "\n\nWhile previously published articles have been dominated by the effects of bronchoscopy on re-expansion of the collapsed pulmonary region on CXR ([@B5]--[@B10]), the clinical course will arguably be dictated more by respiratory mechanics. ", "So, an improvement of long-term gas exchange and respiratory mechanics, as found in this study, will be of more clinical relevance than the aeration on CXR. ", "When reviewing previously published studies that investigated the effects of bronchoscopy, it is noticed that most articles focus on short-term evaluation of gas exchange, finding no statistically significant results, and reported effects on respiratory mechanics are largely missing ([@B4], [@B6], [@B16]). ", "Today, much emphasis is placed on lung-protective ventilation strategies to reduce ventilator-induced lung injury by maintaining alveolar aeration, preventing overexpansion of the lung, and limiting driving pressure ([@B17]). ", "Our study is the first to assess respiratory mechanics after bronchoscopy in this lung protective ventilation perspective. ", "Our results suggest that using bronchoscopy for atelectasis may be an addition to a lung protective strategy when considering the fact that bronchoscopy decreased Ppeak and Pdriving, as required for optimal gas exchange, with results lasting for at least 24 h. This finding merits further studies.", "\n\nTo date, there has been only one study investigating the effects of bronchoscopy on gas exchange and respiratory mechanics for up to 24 h. In Weinstein et al. ([", "@B11]) have shown a significant increase in the ratio of arterial to alveolar oxygen pressures (PaO~2~/PAO~2~) at 11 ± 1 h after lavage in 81% of the 43 lavages performed in only 6 patients; 63% of the 43 lavages were associated with a significant increase in effective static compliance at 8 ± 1 h after the lavage.", "\n\nThe long-term improvement of gas exchange might be offset by an initial deterioration after bronchoscopy, as stated by Jolliet and Chevrolet ([@B16]). ", "This review of the literature concluded that gas exchange showed initial deterioration as measured by a PaCO~2~ increase of on average 8.25 mmHg and a PaO2 decrease of between 8.25 and 18.75 mmHg. ", "This is probably being derived from smaller tidal volumes that are delivered while the bronchoscope is in place. ", "When suctioning was applied, this effect became even larger; PaCO~2~ rose by 30%, while PaO2 decreased by about 40% due to reduced end-expiratory volume and PEEP. ", "The authors stated that normalization takes 15 min in healthy lungs and up to hours in diseased lungs ([@B16]). ", "This phenomenon, next to the time necessary for recovery of the ventilation-perfusion mismatch by mitigating hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, can explain that we found no improved gas exchange 1 h after the procedure.", "\n\nAlthough the risk of losing lung volume during or after bronchoscopy exists, by either derecruitment, denitrogenation, or negative pressure into the respiratory system, less atelectasis was seen on subsequent CXR ([@B18]).", "\n\nBronchoscopy can be considered safe in ICU patients, considering the low complication rate found in our study, which is comparable to several previous publications ([@B10], [@B19], [@B20]). ", "The most recent and largest publication on safety of bronchoscopy in mechanically ventilated ICU patients with sepsis, septic shock, and/or acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome prospectively collected data on 100 mechanically ventilated patients undergoing bronchoscopy with bronchial lavage. ", "They found an overall complication rate of 10%, with hypoxemia during or immediately after the procedure being the most frequently encountered complication (9%) and with only one bronchoscopy being terminated early ([@B20]).", "\n\nThe strengths of our study are in the use of the largest cohort in literature for examining the effects of bronchoscopy for the sole indication of atelectasis and on clinical relevant outcomes, as well as the long term follow-up, for up to 24 h post intervention. ", "Furthermore, this is the first study to investigate predictors for the clinical improvement of gas exchange.", "\n\nThere are a number of limitations to this study, the most important being its observational retrospective design and inherent bias, resulting in an inability to control for confounders. ", "No data is available on pulmonary recruitment before or after the procedure. ", "This decision was left to the clinical judgment of the attending intensive care physician. ", "Also, the true incidence of adverse events may be underestimated in a retrospective study. ", "Furthermore, a suboptimal calculation was used to calculate Pdriving. ", "Missing data at one point of time after intervention is also a limitation in our study. ", "By dismissing the incomplete case series, the inclusion of cases for nonparametric testing ranged between 57 and 85%.", "\n\nCurrent evidence on this topic has been dominated by observational studies that investigate the short-term effects of bronchoscopy. ", "Although our results suggest clinical improvement of gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics, future research should confirm our results in a prospective manner, preferably by a randomized controlled study. ", "Subsequently research should focus on patient outcomes such as length of stay and ventilator-free days.", "\n\nConclusion {#s5}\n==========\n\nIn conclusion, bronchoscopy for atelectasis is beneficial in most ICU patients by improving gas exchange and mechanical properties of the respiratory system, with positive effects lasting for up to 24 h. In addition, bronchoscopy is safe in these patients.", "\n\nAvailability of research data {#s6}\n=============================\n\nPermission to publish the datasets supporting the conclusions of this article was not granted by our institution. ", "Requests to access the datasets should be directed to the corresponding author (<k.smeijsters@vumc.nl>).", "\n\nEthics approval and consent to participate {#s7}\n==========================================\n\nThe research project was reviewed and approved by the medical ethics board at VUmc (reference 2017.084); informed consent was waived and de-identified patient data was used.", "\n\nAuthor contributions {#s8}\n====================\n\nKS had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis, including and especially any adverse effects, and was also responsible for manuscript preparation and revision. ", "RB was involved in study design and data collection and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. ", "JD, AG, and LH were involved in study design and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. ", "PvdV was responsible for statistical analysis and manuscript revision. ", "JS and PT supervised the project and were involved in all aspects of the study. ", "All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.", "\n\nConflict of interest statement\n------------------------------\n\nThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.", "\n\n**Funding.** ", "This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.", "\n\nICU\n\n: Intensive care Unit\n\nCXR\n\n: Chest X- ray\n\nArt-etCO~2~\n\n: arterial pCO~2~ end tidal CO~2~ difference\n\nEtCO~2~\n\n: end tidal measurement of CO~2~\n\nPaCO~2~\n\n: partial pressure of CO~2~ in arterial blood\n\nPaO~2~/FiO~2~ ratio\n\n: the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen\n\nPEEP\n\n: positive end expiratory pressure\n\nPdriving\n\n: driving pressure (Ppeak-PEEP)\n\nPpeak\n\n: peak pressure.", "\n\n[^1]: Edited by: Mikhail Kirov, Northern State Medical University, Russia\n\n[^2]: Reviewed by: Lars Jakob Bjertnæs, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway; Evgeny Suborov, North-Western State Medical University named after II. ", "Mechnikov, Russia\n\n[^3]: This article was submitted to Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Medicine\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Traits: Magika is gifted with an intuitve mind, always able to find a creative solution to a problem. ", "She is extremely resourceful when it comes to spellcrafting & weapon enhancements. ", "She is quiet and known for her perky personality. ", "She can be very quiet and secretive at times, especially when she's planning something big.", "\n\nPhysicality: Magika is fairly short and slender, but possesses a svelt build. ", "She has a very strong torso and can hold her own in any battle of strngth. ", "She has extremely long black hair, usually held up in some creative way. ", "Her eyes are never the same color (she has a fetish for making them technicolor). ", "Magika stands approximately 5'4 and is quite quick on her feet.", "\n\nWeapon of Choice: Magika's weapon of choice is a wand, given to her by a very old wizard, under whom she apprenticed. ", "This wand was a gift given to her when the elderly wizard decided she was ready to be on her own, and work with the Shadow. ", "Magika is a very unique spellcaster, and often invents new and interesting spells.", "\n\n..--^^--..--^^--..--^^--..--^^--..CURRENTLY...\n\nMagika currently lives in the state of California after \"inheriting\" Memoria and Callis' previous place of residence. ", "She is mainly focused on continuing her education in the field of theatre arts at UCLA and prides herself of the many awards which she has won. ", "Magika is always working in her spare time to improve her spell crafting and spell casting abilities. ", "She was also an integral part of Memoria's rescue." ]

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[ "\nShow HN: Analyse hops taken by an email to reach you - akshayKMR\nhttps://emailtrail.herokuapp.com/\n======\nakshayKMR\nI wanted to get familiar with vue.js so I made this simple web app that\nanalyses hops taken by an email to reach you.", "\n[https://github.com/akshayKMR/emailtrail-\nwebapp](https://github.com/akshayKMR/emailtrail-webapp)\n\nIt shows hostnames, protocol used, timestamp, delay of the servers involved in\nchronological order.", "\n\nThe extraction and processing of all this info is actually done on the server,\nusing a python module I made earlier\n[https://github.com/akshayKMR/emailtrail](https://github.com/akshayKMR/emailtrail)\n\nThe frontend calls the api server and then presents the analysis in a way that\nis easy to understand (converted to your local time zone, presentation etc.)", "\n\nSimilar tools are :-\n\nMessageHeader in G suite toolbox:\n[https://toolbox.googleapps.com/apps/messageheader/](https://toolbox.googleapps.com/apps/messageheader/)\n\nMessage Header Analyzer by Microsoft:\n[https://testconnectivity.microsoft.com/MHA/Pages/mha.aspx](https://testconnectivity.microsoft.com/MHA/Pages/mha.aspx)\n\nCheers!", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nExtract first character of each word from the sentence string\n\nI need to make a code that when you enter a text it takes the first letter from each word in the sentence you placed. ", "\nFor example, for sample string \"I like to play guitar and piano and drums\", it should print \"Iltpgapad\"\n\nA:\n\nTry something like this:\nline = \"I like to play guitar and piano and drums\"\nwords = line.split()\nletters = [word[0] for word in words]\nprint \"\".join(letters)\n\n" ]

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[ "The Cost Of Permission Culture: Or Why Netflix Streaming Library Sucks Compared To Its DVD Library\n\nfrom the first-sale-is-important dept\n\nWhy can't movie-streaming sites deliver the selection of movies that customers obviously want? ", "This was the question posed by a recent New York Times column, comparing undersupplied services like Netflix with unauthorized platforms like Popcorn Time. ", "The answer, the Times explains, is windowing—the industry practice of selling exclusivity periods to certain markets and platforms, with the result of staggered launches.", "\n\nBut the Times fails to ask a more fundamental question: why do streaming sites have to listen to Hollywood's windowing demands in the first place? ", "After all, while it's clear why the studios like windowing—they can sell the same rights over and over once the promised exclusivity periods expire—it doesn't seem like a very good deal for users. ", "Those users get access to a smaller selection, higher prices, and fewer choices between platforms and services. ", "It should be astonishing that a company that once had to maintain and transport a staggering inventory of fragile plastic discs is able to offer less when its marginal cost dropped to near zero.", "\n\nThe problem is that, unlike earlier movie-rental options, streaming rights fall fundamentally within a permission culture. ", "Netflix is a great illustration of what's gone wrong here. ", "It's gone from having a nearly unrivaled catalog of films available to rent to being the butt of Onion jokes. ", "What happened: It shifted from a system where nobody had a veto power over its operations, to one where it had to get permission and make deals with Hollywood. ", "Sometimes it's difficult to find the concrete costs of living in a permission culture, but the decline of Netflix's selection is an important cautionary tale.", "\n\nIt's especially clear when you look at how Netflix upended the movie rental market in the first place. ", "In one way, it suffered from a major competitive disadvantage: competitors like Blockbuster had locations near people's houses. ", "As long as those stores had the movie you wanted, you could be watching within hours—not days—of deciding on a title.", "\n\nBut Netflix was able to experiment with different price points and subscription models and, crucially, it could try those without first convincing any incumbents. ", "Both Blockbuster and Netflix's DVD-by-mail service relied on the first sale doctrine, meaning they can buy physical copies of movies, and then resell or rent at any price they like. ", "No royalties, no licenses, no contracts—with physical media, once a rental company has bought the copy, the copyright holder is basically out of the picture.", "\n\nYou can see how this is great for users. ", "Companies can experiment to find the things that people like best, and have the power to make decisions based on their users' needs and wants. ", "Movie studios still got paid—these rental companies were buying lots and lots of copies, after all—but couldn't exert control over the rental businesses, which could then compete on their merits.", "\n\nRightsholders hate not having this control. ", "So the first sale doctrine gets attacked over and over. ", "From Nintendo's suing Blockbuster in the 80s to Universal's \"revenue sharing agreement\" with Redbox, and through to more recent cases like Kirtsaeng v. Wiley in the Supreme Court, rightsholders have tried to restrict the first sale doctrine in physical media. ", "And when it comes to digital media, consumers have even more of an uphill battle.", "\n\nWhen the ranking member of the House Subcommittee on intellectual property is calling the principle of \"you bought it, you own it\" an extreme view, there's something seriously wrong here. ", "Furthermore, the Netflix example shows that the problem isn't confined to the books, movies, records, and games that we own; it limits the kinds of services that can ever be created.", "\n\nWith a commercial product like Netflix, we can feel those costs today. ", "But more troubling are the costs we will feel tomorrow, in a decade or a century from now, if we make a transition to digital media without keeping the first sale doctrine intact. ", "Copyright has already cost us crucial elements of our cinematic and literary history. ", "Those costs will compound if librarians, archivists, and enthusiasts aren't allowed to care for their own copies.", "\n\nAs Matt Schruers over at the DisCo Project notes, studio practices have ensured that no option so far can be convenient, comprehensive, and lawful. ", "Netflix Instant is a great service for what it is able to offer, but in a permission culture it is broken from the start.", "\n\nReader Comments\n\nIt is easy to see why the movie and recording industries are in love with the windowing model.*It used to work so well and was extremely profitable.*The careers of many industry executives was built around clever manipulation of the windowing model.", "\n\nThose are very powerful reasons for keeping something around. ", "Of course, there are some downsides:*Windowing does not make nearly as much sense give a global internet*It is no longer as profitable as it used to be. ", "In fact, it is probably reducing profits.*It encourages piracy.*Its existence may threaten the survival of the industry in its current form.", "\n\nFor inbred corporate insiders, none of those reasons are good enough to change a way of doing business that you know and love.", "\n\nRe:\n\nOne of the biggest reasons for piracy is the control the few want over the many, Piracy is not going anywhere, in fact it is getting bigger and bigger, Governments beware making the majority of your citizens criminals and not listening to a super majority.", "\n\nLuckily, places like Amazon and YouTube and Netflix and Hulu are starting to create their own content and take the market away from the incumbents, hopefully as big internet savvy businesses they will accept the internet and how it works rather than fight it.", "\n\nThe incumbents have lost the war against piracy no matter how many times they claim they are winning, it is easier today to access content than it was even yesterday.", "\n\nHopefully thepiratebay browser will be released soon with the anonymity it brings to sharing content well partial anonymity.", "\n\nWith the ruling in the EU against ISP's retaining data about your browsing habits i am sure Piracy will only benefit.", "\n\nOnce the content creators realize how they are being left behind and how people are getting their content and other content that competes with them easier and cheaper or for free they have no option but to compete, if that means jumping ship and doing deals with the internet behemoths we shall see. ", "All we really have to understand at this point is that the money-ship that was copyright that benefited a few people is sinking and the people on-board trying to protect their income stream are doing anything they can to stop the sinking, sadly for them but happily for us it is like they are.", "\n\nContent controllers are almost history and will be removed from the picture in one foul swoop when Torrenting is legalized and they have no option but to compete with free. ", "They can do whatever they want they can scream and cry and collapse in on themselves threaten to stop creating content or distributing it in any way...There will always be people to replace them, and jobs they threaten, well, I would like to see how they create movies or anything without labor and paying people, they might find that though they dismiss the people doing the physical work refusing to pay them will only result in one thing, people looking elsewhere to work and taking their experience with them.", "\n\nAnd one thing that will never change, people will invest in movies for cinemas, cinemas make the investors a hell of a lot of money and they will not stop creating for cinemas, those that do will be doing so at their peril of becoming irrelevant as others fill the gaps they leave behind.", "\n\nI cannot personally wait for the collapse of the copyright system and the new era of free content online, it will force many businesses to actually compete instead of ripping people off. ", "TV will change forever and cable will have to start providing something that really attracts people not the 1000 channels and nothing to watch.", "\n\nBroadband providers will be forced to provide the service they advertise, but refuse to provide they will be forced to enlarge the pipes and allow more data to flow and if they try to overcharge well new ISP's will be popping up everywhere.", "\n\nContent creators will have to look for a way to monetize their content, maybe think about costs instead of charging millions for 30 minutes of content, but they will do it there is a lot of money in content this website has proven again and again that free can make money.", "\n\nSorry for the rant i am just pissed that i have to live through this and it cannot be resolved quicker than it is.", "\n\nRe: Re:\n\nOne mistake: please stop calling abusive publishers \"content creators.\" ", "These guys creating the content are very rarely the problem; the ones distributing it are, and they're generally completely distinct from the content creators.", "\n\nThat's the thing that far too many people don't understand about copyright, and it gives undeserved legitimacy to the current system: if people think it's sticking up for the rights of content creators, then it's a good thing, right? ", "But when people understand that it's actually enabling publishers to exploit the content creators along with all the rest of us, their attitude changes fast.", "\n\nA problem (there are many) is that permissions on distribution appears tied to the transportation of the product (mailman delivering dvds vs 1's and 0's shooting through a \"series of tubes\") instead of the end result...a subscriber requesting and receiving the product.", "\n\nEither Netflix (or other service) has permission to deliver to their subscribers the products they're requesting or Netflix doesn't. ", "How it gets there shouldn't be a matter for debate.", "\n\nRe:\n\nEither Netflix (or other service) has permission to deliver to their subscribers the products they're requesting or Netflix doesn't. ", "How it gets there shouldn't be a matter for debate.", "\n\nIt shouldn't, but it is, and the reason it is so is because of the interpretation of the law in physical land vs on the internet (like everything else.) ", "For physical land, the mailman is delivering a piece of plastic. ", "The piece of plastic contains a copy of the movie which has been licensed ahead of time to the owner/possessor of the piece of plastic. ", "On the internet, there is no piece of plastic, and thus, the producer limits their license to allow for it to be distributed only during particular times/reasons.", "\n\nCongress will need to fix the law to prevent the copyright maximalists from differentiating the two (which they won't, because their paymasters don't want the current system to change.)", "\n\nWhat would be really interesting is to see Hollywood's current model for online distribution pushed into the physical realm (which they've already tried to do a number of times, to limited success.) ", "Imagine Hollywood having a system in place where that piece of plastic wouldn't work if an exclusive window was entered or if the movie was deemed to be no longer worth distributing. ", "DRM at its worse. ", "I suspect that is really what AACS is about...not preventing piracy, but enforcing windowing in a physical medium (hence the required callback mechanism when a Bluray is played.)", "\n\nArtistic megalomania not required.", "\n\n...again with the distortion of the law to suit large corporate interests.", "\n\nWith a piece of plastic there is NO LICENSE. ", "You get to do what you want with your copy because it is your personal property. ", "There is no license of any sort (explicit or implied). ", "THAT is why the Netflix mailer system works.", "\n\nThere is none of this \"license\" nonsense.", "\n\nIt's just Netflix using it's personal property as it sees fit.", "\n\nNo \"permission\" is required because this is stuff that was settled in favor of individual property rights over 100 years ago.", "\n\nIt all get's fouled up once you go \"fully digital\" because you no longer have physical property anymore or any of it's characteristics. ", "Moguls love it when they get to benefit from property rights concepts but hate it when it might benefit anyone else.", "\n\nThe idea that my personal property is subject to any sort of implied \"permissions\" damages us all, even the Moguls.", "\n\nRe: Re: Artistic megalomania not required.", "\n\n\"The discs that rental services are lending out are a lot more expensive, because they have a specific license attached to them that allow rental (but not resale).\"", "\n\nBut there is nothing that requires rental services to use those discs. ", "They can buy normal retail discs just like you or I and rent them out all they want without incurring any licensing or other legal problems. ", "So in the big picture, this isn't a license issue at all.", "\n\nRe: Artistic megalomania not required.", "\n\n\"With a piece of plastic there is NO LICENSE. ", "You get to do what you want with your copy because it is your personal property.\"", "\n\nIf that's true, then why are services that allow DVDs to be backed up and easily played back through an archive always being sued? ", "Even breaking the CSS code or region code to play back the movie you \"own\" is technically illegal and they almost had someone thrown in jail for writing code (DeCSS) to play it back on Linux when they refused to licence it to an open source system. ", "That's not to mention all the pre-DVD methods they tried to use to block you from playing your own movies in an unapproved manner (e.g. Macrovision).", "\n\nIf you think this is only a problem with physical media, you're deluding yourself.", "\n\n\"The idea that my personal property is subject to any sort of implied \"permissions\" damages us all, even the Moguls.\"", "\n\nRe: Re: Artistic megalomania not required.", "\n\nEven with what you describe there is still NO LICENSE. ", "There are technological measures that have been given the force of law by corporate lobbying. ", "Conflating these to some sort of \"implicit license\" is destructive to the idea of personal property in general.", "\n\nThat's the real problem here. ", "It's not just that you don't have any rights without a physical object but that plenty of people (including yourself) are hard at work undermining everyone's personal property rights too. ", "Not only are \"meatspace\" ideas not being applied to \"cyberspace\" but people are trying to push things the other way.", "\n\nRe: Re: Re: Artistic megalomania not required.", "\n\n\"Even with what you describe there is still NO LICENSE\"\n\nYou know that copyright notice that everyone ignores or skips past at the beginning/end of every DVD you buy? ", "That's the licence. ", "Read it some time. ", "You'd be amazed at what you're supposedly not allowed to do with that physical item you thought you owned. ", "Most people ignore the restrictions as much as the notice itself, but it's there and technically enforceable by law (though until Napster et al provided full visibility about how many people ignore those warnings, they didn't bother going against individual infringers).", "\n\n\"There are technological measures that have been given the force of law by corporate lobbying.\"", "\n\nTo protect the LICENCE from being broken. ", "There's no other reason for copying restrictions, region restrictions, etc. ", "other than to \"protect\" the \"licence\". ", "The DMCA might be a half-assed tool to try and make the licence enforceable, but I have VHS tapes with the same warnings, and similar warnings on paperback books.", "\n\nWe might not agree with the existence of the licence, but it's there.", "\n\n\"that plenty of people (including yourself) are hard at work undermining everyone's personal property rights too\"\n\nOh, this should be good. ", "Explain why you think *I'm* doing that. ", "Is it because I don't pirate, or because I circumvent the restrictions I think shouldn't exist by, for example, using VLC to skip warnings and bypass region codes?", "\n\n\"Clueless nitwits constantly repeat corporate propaganda.\"", "\n\nIndeed they do. ", "But that doesn't mean that the idiotic licences and restrictions don't exist - half the problem we have here is that they're very much real. ", "Yes, even on that bit of plastic.", "\n\nRe: Re: Re: Re: Artistic megalomania not required.", "\n\nThat's right. ", "Try reading the copyright warning you (and I) prefer to skip over at the start. ", "Then you'll see what you're restricted to doing with \"your property.\"", "\n\nIt's not your property, it's a licensed item. ", "The terms are restricted to home use only and enforceable in court.", "\n\nThe only ones with any property rights are the rightsholders. ", "That alone is an argument for restricted copyright terms. ", "Imagine being arrested for screening a 40 year old movie in a large hall and inviting your friends and neighbors to watch it. ", "Not fair, is it?", "\n\nCan you imagine if you need permission to perform covers of songs?! ", "Of course, someone is making a ton of money (and paying out only a small portion) on licensing fees, so it's all good.", "\n\nA system should exist for movies and TV shows after 3 or 10 years. ", "Anyone can stream them if they pay a reasonable license fee. ", "Of course the reasonable part of the equation will be the most difficult.", "\n\nRe:\n\nLike everything about your comment except the 3 or 10 years. ", "I think as soon as they offer a movie anyway other than at the theater, or a TV show is beyond it's current season, the mandatory licensing provisions should kick in.", "\n\nI agree that the reasonable will be the difficult part, because what the entertainment industry considers reasonable will be anything but.", "\n\nand people still wont accept that what the entertainment industries are really after, is complete control of the Internet! ", "the best distribution method invented! ", "all the bad things that the industries call out about, blame the Internet for etc, etc, will all go out the window once they have that control. ", "nothing will ever be illegal, nothing will ever be restricted (other than the money side of things) so using torrent will be the dogs danglies of file transfer protocols and as thousands will be downloading at the same time from everyone, the cost to the industries will be miniscule!", "\n\nMy evolution\n\nI realize that I'm an edge case -- I don't watch cable or broadcast TV at all, and haven't for a decade or two. ", "However, I do watch movies and TV shows through Netflix. ", "I was with Netflix before they had a streaming service, and have gradually reached the point where Netflix streaming is my sole source of movies or TV shows (excluding going to the theater, as I consider that more about the date than the show). ", "I don't bother with the discs anymore at all.", "\n\nIf and when the Netflix offerings no longer contain anything of interest to me, I'll move on to... nothing whatsoever. ", "So, in my case anyway, the more the production companies do to reduce the Netflix streaming library, the less of their stuff I will watch until, eventually, they'll have lost me as a customer completely.", "\n\nI literally can't think of a single movie or TV show that is so compelling that I'm willing to suffer any inconvenience to see.", "\n\nRe: My evolution\n\nNetflix is nearly an exclusive source for me too (although naturally I have to use VPN services to be allowed to watch anything - thanks, regional licensing that refuses to allow them to offer local services here!). ", "Frankly, while I can understand the frustration with not being able to find Movie X on the service, I'm a long, long way from exhausting the selection. ", "Plenty is added every month, even if some movies disappear. ", "I really can't understand the mindset of people who claim there's \"nothing\" - I'm more likely to stare at the screen for 10 minutes trying to decide what to watch.", "\n\nBut, I'm someone with wide tastes and enjoys foreign language and older movies as much as new blockbuster releases. ", "I still buy discs, but they're far more likely to be cult video releases with lots of extras from companies like Arrow and Blue Underground than they are to be anything remotely related to Hollywood. ", "Whereas 10-15 years ago, I'd often blind buy the latest VHS or DVD without thinking. ", "I got burned too many times with crappy movies or double-dipping, so the studios' own actions lost them a regular customer. ", "I'm probably not alone, yet they seem to think that preventing easy access to legal content is the answer...\n\nRe: Re: My evolution\n\n\"I really can't understand the mindset of people who claim there's \"nothing\"\n\nAgreed. ", "Really, there's more stuff I'm interested in on Netflix than I have time remaining in my life to watch.", "\n\n\"But, I'm someone with wide tastes and enjoys foreign language and older movies as much as new blockbuster releases.\"", "\n\nAnd I think this is the answer to the mystery you point out. ", "When I've talked with people who say Netflix has nothing, what they invariably mean is that Netflix doesn't have much of the most current stuff. ", "Which is true. ", "For me, that doesn't matter -- there is nothing magical about the current stuff. ", "The stuff that is a couple of seasons (or years, or decades) old is just as good or better as the most recent titles, and the majority of it is \"new to me\". ", "For some people, though -- although I have a hard time understanding why -- it seems to matter a great deal. ", "Different strokes and all that.", "\n\nRe: Re: Re: My evolution\n\nNetflix has current stuff, but it doesn't have much major Hollywood blockbuster stuff - which is what most people want to see because Hollywood has convinced them that it's somehow important to see it.", "\n\nI'm perfectly happy browsing through the hundreds of movies in my Netflix queue and there's a vast wide world of movies out there to explore.", "\n\nRe: Re: Permissions Clause\n\nCopyright never had anything to do with protecting authors and creators, it purpose was to protect printers from being left with unsold copies due to a competitor coming into the same market, and also being left with unsold copies. ", "From there it got expanded by the recording industry and into performance rights, again protecting middlemen, or creating even more middlemen in the collection societies.", "\n\nThis is why I don't understand why the studios haven't gone whole hog for Netflix. ", "If they stop putting movies on disc and just stream them they can have complete control over distribution. ", "No more used market, less piracy, and say over who gets their content and who doesn't. ", "You'd think that would be the ideal scenario for them.", "\n\nRe:\n\n\"If they stop putting movies on disc and just stream them they can have complete control over distribution.\"", "\n\nNot if they simply allow Netflix to stream them. ", "They'd be beholden to Netflix in the same way that the music industry inadvertently depends on iTunes and the publishing industry on Amazon for much of their distribution.", "But, Netflix is the household name in the industry so simply offering a half-assed alternative of their own making isn't going to cut it either.", "\n\nPlus, I suspect it's the same thing that gets people so bitchy about Spotify and Pandora - while they get paid, they don't get paid *enough* and they think they can still get physical purchase prices for digital rentals somehow...\n\n\"You'd think that would be the ideal scenario for them.\"", "\n\nYou'd also have thought that they'd realise that putting patronising lectures in front of legal purchases, crappy DRM solutions like Ultraviolet and unworkable region coding schemes don't translate into more money or reduced piracy and in fact just piss off legal consumers. ", "Alas...\n\nRe:\n\nPaulT made a similar point -- the studios aren't concerned about piracy or the details of how the delivery system works. ", "They're concerned about losing their monopoly on the delivery system. ", "Relying on Netflix would be the ultmate nightmare scenario of losing their monopoly -- they'd be effectively giving the monopoly to someone else.", "\n\nI think this is a critical point because it's also exactly why they hate the internet itself and are working so hard to eliminate the aspects of it that threaten their monopoly.", "\n\nRemember, the studios don't really make their money from making movies. ", "They make their money from distributing movies whether they make them or not. ", "The internet allows filmmakers to effectively distribute their art without involving the studios. ", "That is an existential threat to them.", "\n\nWonder why Netflix didn't file an amicus brief in favor of Aereo - if Aereo wins in the Supreme Court, you'd think they'd be able to end all their streaming deals and just buy enough discs to stream whatever a customer wants.", "\n\n(Then again, I think the error message \"we've only got 30 copies of this movie, and they're all currently in use\" would probably annoy the heck out of me.)", "\n\nRe:\n\nMissing the point\n\nWhat the comments and the article itself seem to be missing, is return on investment. ", "Windowing is a simple sequence to maximize revenue, which is the only responsible option for executives running publically held companies - it's not like it's a greedy maniacal concept - they simply need to pay for the negative cost of producing the first print, which includes script, actors, etc.. Streaming subscriptions don't begin to cover the cost and disc subscriptions barely replace the revenue once earned by selling copies to video retail stores that don't exist anymore. ", "The quality of streaming content being offered won't improve until the revenue delivered can replace the physical disc revenue. ", "Those lines at the Redbox represent the video stores that used to be on every street corner. ", "And by the way - you can stream front line movies right now - it's called on demand, but it comes with a per click charge and shareholders in the companies producing the content don't mind a bit. ", "And the only way to enjoy full quality Blu-ray is via physical disc.", "\n\nRe: Missing the point\n\nI don't think anyone is missing the ROI aspect, and I think most everyone knows what windowing and what the purpose of it is. ", "I'm not sure of your point, unless it's just that you're fine with windowing -- which is a valid opinion, but isn't shared with a lot of people.", "\n\nI personally don't have any kind of issue with windowing itself. ", "What I do have an issue with is all the crap that is used to enforce it. ", "My attitude about it is pretty much the same as my attitude around piracy: I'm against it and don't have an issue with companies trying to minimize it. ", "I do have an issue with the specific things they do to minimize it, though.", "\n\nRe: Missing the point\n\nTo *attempt* to maximise revenue. ", "It no longer works like it did, mostly because it's so artificial and consumers recognise this. ", "It's a big driver toward piracy as much as sales.", "\n\n\"which is the only responsible option for executives running publically held companies\"\n\nI disagree.", "\n\n\"hey simply need to pay for the negative cost of producing the first print\"\n\nWhich they can do using many methods, many of them less expensive than the added cost of a theatrical run. ", "Lots of people never go to the cinema, you're not getting more money from those people jsut because you make them wait 6 months before they can see your movie.", "\n\n\"The quality of streaming content being offered\"\n\n...is perfectly fine for most people. ", "I hear many complaints about Netflix, but picture quality is never one of them. ", "Not everyone wants or need a HD copy.", "\n\n\"And the only way to enjoy full quality Blu-ray is via physical disc.\"", "\n\nSo? ", "Again, not everyone want or needs that. ", "Some people watch your movie on a phone or portable TV where Blu makes no difference, and they are happy with that.", "\n\nIf the studios were smart they would stop protecting the dinosaur media and get a hand up on piracy and middle men like Netflix by creating their own new media model. ", "Have linear channels by movie genre or show type, back catalogs on demand, original content, etc. ", "for around $10-$25 a month. ", "Integrate your store into the service to entice people to buy the DVD, Blu-ray, download or even merchandise for extra revenue potential. ", "Seems so easy...\n\nVery Entertaining\n\nI'm in my own little world here as a minimalist, so I'll just chuck in a passing comment...\n\nSelf Reliance has taught me to do virtually everything offline. ", "I use the web for simple e-mail communications and research. ", "That's it. ", "Never rely on the Internet much less on \"streaming\" technology (more like streaming money out of your wallet into corporate hands). ", "Imagine every time you turn a screen on, you Pay someone. ", "That's what the future of this technology holds.", "And then there's these idiots who so proudly proclaim they're \"cutting cable\" and going with some streaming tech instead--they're just substituting one thing for another, albeit cheaper it's still the same concept of peeing your money away. ", "And you'll always be a slave to what They have Available as opposed to what You Want. ", "Don't bitch about smaller selections, higher prices, and fewer choices once these things take off. ", "Inevitably it'll be no different than your old cable service. ", "Do things yourself and build your own library offline, if you want to be smart. ", "At least when I first got cable, circa 1980, I was smart because that was when I got my first VCR (of many to come) and when blank tapes reached a record low of around a buck I stocked up. ", "I taped, taped, taped all my favorite films and shows--and stored them (go ahead, make a crack about squirreling things away!). ", "Now I have a library. ", "Granted, grainy in places , but so what? ", "For the stuff I Really care about I switch to my DVD collection. ", "Some things will Never become available on DVD much less streaming. ", "But I've got some of them... This is the logical way to go rather than Paying for each and every time you want to See something. ", "I won't even mention certain intrusive factors which should spark paranoids to action but, hey, I'm not going there. ", "Cell phones are worse and you Accept those. ", "Maybe it's just me because, television shows in particular, I thought were Free--as in just having a TV set around you could tune them in and watch them and, during the dawn of the VCR age, tape them and play them back at your own leisure. ", "To put it another way, it's a crime to Charge people to watch decades old TV shows! ", "And believe me, that's where my prime interest lies: in the old stuff. ", "And there lies another problem: Internet Access should be Free--and I don't mean wireless microwave-slow-cooking tech, either. ", "Oh, I can get new movies and series If I want through my own means and it'll cost me pennies, and it's got little to do with Internet access. ", "And these people who trust things like \"the cloud\" and other online storage mediums are fools. ", "Cutoff or restrict your access and you're screwed. ", "A crash of their servers or storage mediums (through hacking or natural means) and you're screwed. ", "But physically hold your favorite movie on DVD (or even tape) in one hand Now and it's Yours and it can't be taken away from you. ", "Play it as many times as you wish without fear of some charge. ", "That's true freedom, independence, and self-reliance--cutting out corporate crud.", "Oh, yeah, streaming is the new way to go you'll read everywhere. ", "I'm sure A Lot of businesses would also Love to do things for you as a Paid Service streaming income from you into their pockets. ", "Lots of people would jump at the chance to wipe your ass for $100 a wipe.", "That's what this is really all about. ", "And they'll put a prestige tag on it, too, and the sheeple will do their thing, much like they get people to fork out big bucks for luxury cars and wastful SUVs they don't need. ", "People will Boast about what they have and you don't So, you'll counter it by Becoming one of them.", "\n\nSpeaking of Online vs. Offline... You've got to be out of your mind to fall for these \"virtual casinos\" which are Not real casinos in the least. ", "Basically you're handing your credit card over to an absolute anonymous stranger to play games--with you. ", "These things aren't regulated and they can do whatever the hell they want to with you. ", "Win, lose, hacked, whatever.", "\n\nRe: Very Entertaining\n\nWell, since you took the time to proudly pronounce how much time you spend not using the internet (so much that you wrote a small novel online to tell everyone about it on a year-old article), I'll happily point out a few flaws in your arguments.", "\n\n\"And then there's these idiots who so proudly proclaim they're \"cutting cable\" and going with some streaming tech instead--they're just substituting one thing for another, albeit cheaper \"\n\nIf you meet one of these \"idiots\" who claims that the price isn't a major factor that drives them to move away from cable, then fine. ", "Otherwise... you're attacking people for exercising their freedom of choice and make a good financial decision? ", "Really?", "\n\n\"And you'll always be a slave to what They have Available as opposed to what You Want.\"", "\n\nSo, same as every other medium? ", "You've always been a \"slave\" to what your local stores stock, what your TV channels decide to show, what a studio decides to release, etc. ", "But you attack people who move away from cable with its higher prices and lower choice as \"idiots\"? ", "Plus, you seem intent on rejecting the very real possibility that what a streaming service offers and what a person wants are actually the same thing. ", "My own main problem with Netflix is that I'll never have time to watch everything on my ever-growing to watch list.", "\n\nSo, you don't have any interest in watching anything produced in the last decade or two? ", "No interest in watching a better quality copy than VHS can provide? ", "Fair enough, but you seem rather intent on attacking people for making the choice that benefits them the most.", "\n\n\"A crash of their servers or storage mediums (through hacking or natural means) and you're screwed. ", "But physically hold your favorite movie on DVD (or even tape) in one hand Now and it's Yours and it can't be taken away from you.\"", "\n\nYou seem confused about the concept of a rental service vs. a product you purchase. ", "Streaming services are rental services, so your analogy is idiotic.", "\n\n\"These things aren't regulated\"\n\nThis is an outright lie. ", "Oh, the legal status of these services in the US does attract some shady players, but I can assure you that in Europe at least, the industry is highly regulated. ", "Your problem would seem to be the laws that prevent the regulated services from servicing the US market, not the nature of online gaming as a whole." ]

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[ "A Way to Trade Gold without Chasing It\n\nVin Maru of The Golden Trader explains how the Gold Bugs Index (HUI) may set up for a trading opportunity if gold corrects or remains in its current trading range.", "\n\nAt the beginning of last week, gold was still in the up channel, but something to watch for is gold diverging out of the channel, a move that could signal the start of a correction.", "\n\nLast Thursday and Friday’s price action (Feb. 9-10) was concerning for short-term trading going into this week because gold is no longer in the strong up channel that has been in place for the last six weeks.", "\n\nWe mentioned that gold was bumping up against resistance at $1750 and that a reversal could be in the making. ", "Gold most likely will continue its correction and sideways pattern during the early part of this week.", "\n\nThe first few days of this trading week will help to determine if gold still remains in the sideways channel that is now developing between $1720 and $1750. ", "If the sideways channel holds for the first few days, then new long positions should be initiated at the lower end of the channel around $1720 with a tight stop loss.", "\n\nWe may consider selling our trading positions as gold gets closer to the top of the range at $1750, depending on the first few days’ trading action.", "\n\nIf the correction continues early in the week, then gold can move back towards a stronger support zone between $1665 and $1680, which is where I would feel more comfortable initiating new positions or adding to existing ones.", "\n\nThat would be a great time to add to physical holdings, where the prices converge around the 50-period displaced moving average (DMA) and the 200 DMA. ", "If we do see the price of gold test this support zone and hold, we will look at initiating new trading positions.", "\n\nTechnical Analysis\n\nAfter the Fed meeting, gold broke above the overhead trend line, a clear positive. ", "Since the beginning of 2012, gold was trading within an up channel, but now is going sideways out of that channel. ", "That is a neutral sign for now with a negative short-term bias.", "\n\nThe RSI has been coming down since the beginning of February when it hit a high above 70 (bullish); it’s now at 57.8 and working off overbought conditions. ", "Look to enter long positions when the RSI approaches 50 or slightly lower.", "\n\nThe MACD was rising but is not starting to flatten out; it has yet to turn negative, so the sideways channel still holds. ", "If we see gold start to sell off early in the week, then the MACD will most likely turn downwards with a fresh cross as we move to lower support levels.", "\n\nUnlike gold, the Gold Bugs Index (HUI) has not broken above the negative trend line just yet, so for the moment, mining shares are still underperforming the gold price. ", "Friday’s price action in $HUI is concerning because it went below the 50 DMA and stayed there; we were hoping the 50 DMA would act as support.", "\n\nWe don’t think this is a major break down of the index, however; we are most likely testing the lower part of the up channel that has been in place since the beginning of the year.", "\n\nDepending on which way gold trades this week, HUI will most likely follow. ", "If gold sells off early Monday towards $1720 (maybe $1700), the HUI index will most like trend down towards 520 (maybe 510) and test the bottom channel line. ", "That is when we will evaluate adding to new positions or exiting our trading positions, depending on how gold behaves on Tuesday and Wednesday.", "\n\nAt the moment, HUI is at the lower end of the trading range, but the mining stocks in general are neither a buy nor a sell.", "\n\nOver the last few weeks, we mentioned placing low-ball bids on the stocks we like, but we didn’t want to initiate a lot of new positions when gold was bumping up against resistance. ", "We suggested placing low bids about 10% below market stock prices, and now the stocks are coming within a price zone where we would feel more comfortable adding to our trading position one more time.", "\n\nThe strategy is to have your position early enough so that we can start selling into major rallies at higher prices during the first half of this year. ", "At the moment, I really don’t think there is a need to chase prices; let them come to our bid price, which is at new support levels.", "\n\nThis week’s trading range:\n\nSupport: 520 at the lower channel line; if it fails, then 510 is likely this week\n\nResistance: 550 at 200 DMA; if there is a bullish move in gold, resistance can be bumped up to the 575 range\n\nClick to Enlarge\n\nBy Vin Maru of The Golden Trader\n\nAt TDV Golden Trader, we are finishing up another special report on internationalizing your physical gold holdings. ", "This will be available to all TDV subscribers very shortly. ", "If you do not have any exposure to physical gold, you may want to listen to this past weekend’s broadcast of Financial Sense with Jim Puplava about gold. ", "He does a great job on why you need to have the physical gold and things to consider when buying gold.", "\n\nOver the weekend, we updated subscribers with a summary of our core and trading portfolio, an overview of our positions, and many new additions to our watch list. ", "Subscribers should read the Weekly Overview to stay updated on our positions." ]

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[ "How are social capital and sense of coherence associated with hazardous alcohol use? ", "Findings from a large population-based Swedish sample of adults.", "\nThis study examined whether social capital and a sense of coherence are associated with hazardous alcohol use in a large population-based Swedish sample. ", "In particular, the objectives were (a) to examine which of five subdimensions of social capital is associated with hazardous alcohol use, (b) to investigate the moderating role of sense of coherence and (c) to examine possible sex differences. ", "A postal survey was distributed to a sample of respondents (aged 18-84 years) from five Swedish counties that was stratified by sex, age and city; 40,674 (59.2%) participants responded, of which 45.5% were men and 54.5% were women with a mean±SD age of 53.8±17.9 years. ", "Structural dimensions of social capital were associated with an increased probability of hazardous alcohol use among both men and women, whereas the increased probability associated with cognitive dimensions occurred mostly among women. ", "Sense of coherence was robustly associated with a decreased probability of hazardous alcohol use among both men and women. ", "There were few moderating effects of sense of coherence and sex differences emerged mainly for the cognitive dimension of social capital. ", "CONCLUSIONS ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SOCIAL CAPITAL DIMENSIONS AND HAZARDOUS ALCOHOL USE WERE PARTLY SEX-SPECIFIC, WHEREAS THE BENEFITS OF A SENSE OF COHERENCE ACCRUED TO BOTH SEXES SOCIAL CAPITAL DIMENSIONS AND SENSE OF COHERENCE WERE GENERALLY UNRELATED TO EACH OTHER ONLY ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE COGNITIVE DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HAZARDOUS ALCOHOL USE DIFFERED BY SEX." ]

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[ "Summary:\n\nIt’s already been a couple years since Ben Affleck‘s crime drama The Town and people are still talking about it. ", "So much that it’s been released again from Warner Brothers, but this time in a sturdy looking Ultimate Collector’s Edition set. ", "The package is bigger than most Blu-Rays and features loads of extra goodies as well as three versions of the film, including a never-before-seen alternate ending that’s tagged onto the previously released extended cut. ", "This new presentation of The Town provides the viewers with the closest version of the film that Ben Affleck wanted you to see and it’s easily the best cut of the film, bringing the underlying messages closer to point and adding an extra emotional punch to keep you sitting long after the credits. ", "The Town is simply one of the best crime films released and Warner Brothers gives the film the best treatment possible with this new release.", "\n\nDoug MacRay (Ben Affleck) and his closest friends, including his lifelong brother James Coughlin (Jeremy Renner), are bank robbers who live in the infamous Charlestown neighborhood of Boston. ", "They’re old-fashion robbers who believe strongly in family and brotherhood. ", "It’s been a family business, passed down by their fathers and most likely their father’s father.", "\n\nBut things get a little more complicated when a bank manager named Claire Keesey (Rebecca Hall) and FBI agent Adam Frawley (Jon Hamm) get thrown into the mix. ", "During a heist Doug and his crew take Claire hostage and let her go shortly after. ", "They soon come to realize how close she lives to them, so they must figure out if she needs to be eliminated from the equation. ", "Doug takes it upon himself to follow her and make sure she won’t say anything and by doing so he falls for her.", "\n\nHe’s at a changing point in his life, recently given up drinking and drugs. ", "He wants to get out of the game, but his hot-head friend James, who took a stint in prison for him, won’t allow it. ", "Doug’s faced with the difficult decision of choosing your family over friends. ", "Claire presents herself as an option for Doug to change his life and make something of it. ", "He’s a different person around Claire, more gentle and calm, but at the same time he can’t turn his back on his family and the strict code they follow.", "\n\nBen Affleck directs and stars in this dimensional heist film that goes out of its way to establish its characters. ", "Not one single person is wasted in the film, everyone serves towards the greater purpose of the film and that really makes it something of a gem. ", "Everyone is conflicted, but their problems are realistically portrayed and not over-exaggerated. ", "Doug is at a point in his life where he’s mostly good, but his dark past creeps out from time to time, by way of beating up thugs or mingling with an old flame, played by Blake Lively.", "\n\nEven Jeremy Renner‘s character deserves some sympathy. ", "He’s a family man who believes in protecting his brothers at all costs. ", "He killed a man simply so Doug wouldn’t die and he’s served the time to prove it. ", "It’s not that he doesn’t want to be doing something else with his life; it’s just that he doesn’t know what else to do. ", "Bank robbing and pulling off big heists is the only thing he knows and the only thing he’s really good at.", "\n\nAnd that is where Affleck’s strength as a director pokes its head. ", "He knows how to build a film around likable and watchable characters. ", "Everyone in the film has an important role and if you take even one minor character out of the equation, the whole thing becomes unbalanced. ", "Luckily for us The Town is a very balanced film that’s only weakness might come from your personal preferences. ", "If you’re not big into heist films that play it exactly how it really would in real life then you’re not going to like The Town.", "\n\nIt never stops to try and Hollywoodize things or make things glamorous and worry-free. ", "Everything is centered in realism and it’s dark as hell to watch. ", "You make important decisions in your life and whether there good or bad is irrelevant, because you’re just going to have to live with them. ", "The Town gives us a look at both kinds of people; ones who constantly make bad decisions and ones who make good decisions. ", "It also lets us look at that grey area, where there’s people who are torn between good and bad and that’s where the film becomes one of the best heist films I’ve ever seen.", "\n\nBoston has never looked this intentionally ugly before with a newly encoded 1080p video transfer. ", "The previous release looked fine, but this new transfer looks slightly better, with detail looking more vivid and colors more natural. ", "The film takes place in a dirty and gritty world and this transfer replicates that experience, with both the good and the bad. ", "There’s grain present throughout, but the colors still have a way of impressing. ", "It’s a colorful transfer that mostly shines in its ability to show you difference between the filthy world of Charlestown vs. the bright and warm world where everyone else lives.", "\n\nThe film also features three separate 5.1 DTS-HD Master Audio tracks. ", "Each one is just as good as the last. ", "These are perfect tracks, full of engaging noise and action. ", "The dialogue scenes come across the main channels while most of the machine gun blasting and face-punching spreads out over the back channels. ", "Not one moment is lost with these tracks, because everything is loud and crystal clear.", "\n\nThe Town comes to Blu-Ray with a boatload of content. ", "Not just on the disc itself, but packaged in the box. ", "The film comes in a huge box that features 3 discs via digibook and 48-page hardcover photo book, plus a folder containing photos, a poster and other collectible content. ", "Here’s a full list of the features below.", "\n\nTheatrical Version\n\nExtended Cut\n\nExtended Cut with Alternate Ending (NEW)\n\nTheatrical Cut Audio Commentary\n\nExtended Cut Audio Commentary\n\nExtended Cut with Alternate Ending Audio Commentary (NEW)\n\nThe Town: A Director’s Journey (HD) (NEW)\n\nBen’s Boston Focus Points (HD)\n\nExtended Cut Scene Indicator\n\nTheatrical Trailer (HD)\n\nDVD Copy (Extended Cut with Alternate Ending)\n\nUltraViolet Digital Copy\n\nThis is the definitive set for The Town. ", "Any person out there claiming to be a fan of the film will want to purchase this, even if they already have the previously released disc. ", "This new Ultimate Collector’s Edition comes in a very sharp looking box with tons of collectible goodies and tons of actual bonus content. ", "The real winner is the extended cut with alternate ending, because it’s the best cut of the film in existence. ", "The extended cut adds more scenes that help tie the film together while the alternate ending packs the biggest punch. ", "It captures the tone the best and it’s the way Ben Affleck wanted you to see it.", "\n\nThe alternate ending alone is worth the price tag, but Warner Brothers was kind enough to throw in new audio commentaries, a DVD copy of the film, an UltraViolet digital copy of the film and various other incentives.", "\n\nI was originally upset at the quick turnaround for a pointless double dip, but after viewing the film and the contents the set comes with I can say that it’s a justified release. ", "It’s not a quick cash grab or anything like that; it’s simply the ultimate version of the film in the best packaging possible. ", "Easily recommended.", "\n\nThe Town (Ultimate Collector's Edition) Blu-Ray Review\n\nFantastic\n\nThe Town (Ultimate Collector's Edition) Blu-Ray is simply the ultimate version of the film in the best packaging possible. ", "Easily recommended." ]

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[ "Mariah Carey Kicks Off The Christmas Season With Hilarious Video: ‘It’s Time’\n\nMariah Carey has declared that it’s time to start playing Christmas music.", "\n\nThe legendary pop superstar, who is well-known for her love of the season, made the proclamation via a hilarious video she posted to her official Instagram and Twitter pages. ", "In the clip, Mariah goes to sleep on Halloween night dressed up as an ’80s glam rock musician in a teased blond wig, black bodysuit, and heavy makeup. ", "But when the clock strikes 12 on November 1, she wakes up in Christmas-themed pajamas. ", "The wig and makeup are nowhere to be found.", "\n\nThe phone rings and her caller ID reveals that the singer has received a call from Santa Claus.", "\n\n“Santa, it’s time!” ", "she says before squealing in delight.", "\n\nThen you hear the opening chords of Mariah’s signature Christmas classic, “All I Want For Christmas.”", "\n\nIn the comments, fans seemed equally excited about the prospect of hearing Christmas music.", "\n\n“This is what I been waiting for‼️” one fan wrote.", "\n\n“Yasssss Finally let’s get Festive,” another added.", "\n\n“YESS THE TIME HAS COMEEEE,” a third Instagram user commented.", "\n\n“The wait is over! ", "This is the best,” a fourth person gushed. “", "I love you!!!”", "\n\nEven Mariah Carey’s boyfriend, Bryan Tanaka, shared his excitement in the comments section by repeating the words she said in the video.", "\n\nFor most of October, Mariah had been telling fans that it was too soon to be playing Christmas music. ", "In each of those social media posts, she’d use the hashtag #notyet and hinted that she’d reveal the date when it would be acceptable.", "\n\nIn a tweet posted on October 5, she’s at the dentist when he asks if Christmas music would be appropriate.", "\n\nYou may be wondering why Mariah is promoting a song that has become a staple on Christmas playlists. ", "In a previous Instagram post, she announced that she’s selling new “All I Want For Christmas” singles this year and that they’re available for pre-order. ", "In the caption, she promised fans that they’d receive them just before Christmas.", "\n\nShe has also released a new video for the song that’s basically very similar to the older version but includes unreleased footage." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nGet value of json string\n\n[\n {\n \"type\": \"spline\",\n \"name\": \"W dor\\u0119czeniu\",\n \"color\": \"rgba(128,179,236,1)\",\n \"mystring\": 599,\n \"data\": ...\n }\n]\n\nI am trying to access this json as json['W doręczeniu']['mysting'], and I get no value why is that?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe value of \"W doręczeniu\" is not a key, so you cannot use it to get a value. ", "Since your json string is an array you'll have to do json[0].nameto access the first (and only) element in the array, which happens to be the object. ", "Of course, this is assuming json is the variable you store the array into.", "\nvar json = [{\"type\":\"spline\",\"name\":\"W dor\\u0119czeniu\",\"color\":\"rgba(128,179,236,1)\",\"mystring\":599}];\n\nconsole.log(json[0].mystring); //should give you what you want.", "\n\nEDIT:\nTo get the last element in a js array, you can simply do this:\nconsole.log( json[json.length -1].mystring ); // same output as the previous example\n\n'length - 1' because js arrays are indexed at 0. ", "There's probably a million and one ways to dynamically get the array element you want, which are out of the scope of this question.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Tag Archives: south china sea\n\nIts difficult when looking at a map of the proposed Belt and Road and not associate the maritime road with British colonialism, albeit in reverse and more than a century after the fact. ", "But that’s what’s so distressing. ", "When the British parliament dissolved the East India Company (EIC), it did not dismantle the systems of unjust and unjustifiable extraction that EIC had put in place over roughly four centuries of occupation, exploitation, and forced participation in the system. ", "Instead, independence movements saw the rise of local elites who were determined to benefit from the system, justifying their profits with respect to local values and structures of oppression. ", "In other words, it was never just the Brits, but also the Brits and their local running dogs (to use Mao Zedong’s felicitous phrase) and even after Independence, the dogs kept yapping, securing military support from the US and elsewhere (for the distressing tale of the fate of the Third World as a revolutionary ideal, check out The Darker Nations by Vijay Prashad).", "\n\nThe problem, of course, was that the profitability of the British system depended on opium; where would surplus profits (to fund industrialization, for example) come from without monopoly, forced labor, and addiction? ", "Certainly, once India regained control of the Bihar plantations and China retook its ports, both countries were faced with the problem of “surpassing England and catching up with the United States” in the absence of captive markets and a drug monopoly to finance their industrial revolutions. ", "And this may be why Europeans and US Americans fear the Belt and Road: if you’re not a running dog with Chinese characteristics, just what are your options in the new world dis/order (and yes, I’m looking at you, midwestern farmer)?", "\n\nFor those who doubt that once upon a time Bao’an County was coastal, I offer images from Baguang, one of the more beautiful sections of Dapeng New District. ", "The majority of Baguang villagers have been relocated, while land and coastline have been red-lined for environmental protection, green living and research. ", "At the moment, Baguang shimmers at the cusp of redevelopment–not yet remade, but yet already under erasure. ", "Boom!", "\n\nThe recently published Exploring China’s “Maritime Consciousness” offers quantitative insights into public opinion on the South and East China Sea disputes. ", "The survey was conducted in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, and Changsha. ", "The survey summarizes responses to give a sense of what “urban Chinese” think about a variety of issues. ", "Of the five cities, only Shanghai is actually a coastal city, while only Guangzhou functions within South China seas cultural formations. ", "Beijing is, of course the national capital, while both Chengdu and Changsha are inland provincial capitals.", "\n\nUnfortunately, more often than not modernization leaves us with street names instead of actual landscape features.", "\n\nShenzhen public landscaping, for example, has been defined by its enthusiasm for inaccessible green space that adorn its roads. ", "Throughout the city, there are lovely swathes of topiary and grass that pedestrians (and even birds) can’t actually access except in passing. ", "In part to rectify this problem, but also in response to the city’s white collar residents, a vast network of bike trails have been installed throughout the city. ", "Moreover, these trails have been mapped and the public encouraged to walk and ride through the cities green belts.", "\n\nHere’s the moment of ecological dissonance: at the same time that functionaries are being encouraged to bike on the weekend, plans have been announced to reclaim 39.7 sq kilometers of Dapeng Bay. ", "The corporate culprit is China Oil, which intends to use the reclaimed land for extracting South China Sea oil reserves. ", "And yes, these plans are moving forward despite the fact that Dapeng New District is an environmental conservation district.", "\n\nSo pictures of the Nanhai (literally “South Ocean”) Road, below and a link to an article about the land reclamation project, here.", "\n\n鹿港 (Lugang) is one of the oldest port cities in Taiwan. ", "The winding network of alleys, streets, and boulevards knits together Ming and Qing Dynasty pirates, southern Chinese merchant families, and the influx of Nationalist troops and their families. ", "Over 200 shrines and temples punctuate these pathways, and two of the oldest temples on the island — Matzu (1725) and Longshan (1786) — are in wonderful condition because well cared for. ", "With industrialization and GMT rule, the importance of Lugang to the island economy has lessened, with inland Taichung gaining importance as Taipei shifted cosmographic ordering on Taiwan. ", "Consequently, the city’s layout gives an impressive sense of the urban form of South Chinese port cities during the roughly 500 years that piracy threatened trade ships, their crews and cargo. ", "Just recently, however, Lugang has been reintroduced to world as one of Taiwan’s top tourist destinations and the site of many traditional festivals, including Double 5th (dragon boats) and Mid-autumn (mooncakes). ", "Worth a visit. ", "Impressions, below:\n\nToday, I received a list of 10 winners for the “dares to upset China (敢动中国)” Awards. ", "The Awards are a snarky spoof on the Annual “Touches China’s Heart Awards (感动中国奖)”, punning the words “dares to upset” and “touches the heart”. ", "Heart awards are presented at the Spring Festival and given to persons whose heroic actions inspire us to be more than we think we are. ", "A pervasive and not unimportant bit of contemporary propaganda, heart award presentations are highly stylized performances and broadcast nationally. ", "To get a sense of the ideological packaging, view the tribute and award presentation to Liu Jinguo for his courage during a fire.", "\n\nThe dares to upset awards point to the emergence of China as a global player and public reception of that process in vaguely hawkish terms. ", "Notably, the dare to upset awards have been presented Asian countries that involved in maritime disputes with China, especially in the mineral rich South China Sea. ", "Of note, the word “dares” points to the point that the winners are “small’ countries that should not be giving China problems. ", "The fact that so many little nations dare to upset China is consequently interpreted as a sign of national weakness and the snarky commentary on the list states, “China has used habitual responses: the enemy invades, I endure; the enemy retreats, I endure; the enemy is exhausted, I endure; the enemy occupies, I endure… this is called pretending to use Sun Tze’s Art of War (敌进我忍，敌退我忍，敌疲我忍，敌驻我忍。。。装孙子兵法).”", "\n\nAccording to the latest text message, the 10 winners for the 2012 Dares to Upset China Awards are:\n\n9. ", "Nigeria (is host to one of the largest Chinese presence in Africa. ", "More than 200 Chinese companies operate in Nigeria, more than 40,000 Chinese nationals live in Nigeria, and total Chinese investment in Nigeria is close to $US 8 billion);\n\nThe experience of walking Shenzhen is significantly different from visiting, Beijing or Shanghai, Xi’an or Guangzhou, where the meaning of the past has already been codified, renovated, and can be consumed on a nostalgic tour. ", "In school we learn that Beijing’s history is Ming-Qing imperial, Shanghai’s history is East-West colonial hybrid, Xi’an’s history is ancient, while Guangzhou’s history is South China sea commerce and migration. ", "We then go to the respective tourist destination to have our knowledge confirmed and perhaps enriched by and through an appropriate activity. ", "We walk Beijing’s hutong and the Forbidden City, drink coffee or cocktails in a stylish restaurant in Shanghai’s shikumen and the Bund, admire Xi’an’s beilin and terracotta soldiers, and wander the small shops of Guangzhou’s West Gate. ", "Indeed, each of these tourist destinations succeeds as such precisely because the site metonymically represents the respective city’s place in China’s “5,000 years” of civilization. ", "We leave thinking we have a deeper understanding of where we have been. ", "Maybe we do. ", "Most likely we don’t. ", "But there is something reassuring in having our stereotypes confirmed, and those stereotypes are what I mean by capital h history.", "\n\nNow, there are historically significant sites in Shenzhen — Old Nantou, Dapeng Fortress, the Chiwan Tianhou Temple, Dongmen, and Yumin Village. ", "However, municipal efforts to promote Old Nantou and Dongmen, notwithstanding, none of these historical sites has captured the imagination of either residents or visitors. ", "I suspect this is in part because each of these places represents a portion of Chinese history that is already preserved elsewhere. ", "Old Nantou and the Chiwan Tianhou Temple, for example, represent ancient efforts to develop the Chinese salt trade and settle the Pearl River Delta, but there are finer examples of that era to be imagined and seen in Guangzhou, while ancient Chinese history is more elegantly preserved in Xi’an and Jiangnan. ", "Even the Tianhou sea cult is more closely identified with Tianjin and Xiamen than it is with South China temples and shrines. ", "Likewise, Dapeng Fortress is an outpost of Ming-Qing military imperialism, but of a failed variety, rather than successful garrisons to be explored throughout the north.", "\n\nDongmen and Yumin Village are perhaps more representative of Shenzhen’s importance as the epicenter of early reform. ", "However, both are historically compromised. ", "Although Dongmin is identified with so-called Shen Kong commerce, for example, there really are more upscale malls throughout both Shenzhen and Hong Kong where one might purchase global products. ", "And what about Yumin Village? ", "Deng Xiaoping visited Yumin Village in 1984, inspecting one of the three-story private homes that local villagers had just built. ", "He declared that Shenzhen speed was a good thing and that the rest of the country should follow. ", "The 1995 exhibition to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the establishment of the Shenzhen SEZ included an installation that reproduced the interior of one of those homes, which at the time, was more luxurious than the homes of urban cadres in Beijing and Shanghai. ", "Here’s the rub: although Yumin Village has been integrated into the Shenzhen municipal apparatus as a Luohu neighborhood, nevertheless the actual buildings that Deng saw and even the home he inspected were razed over ten years ago. ", "There is a history board there, but nothing from 1984 remains and Yumin Village continues to function as a border urban village, with low rents for migrants who work nearby, spas and massage parlors for visiting Hong Kong people, and places where villagers play mah jong and gather to drink tea and gossip.", "\n\nThe absence of an agreed upon master narrative means that walking Shenzhen allows individuals to judge what does and does not represent capital h history in the SEZ. ", "Now Shenzhen does boast upscale skyscrapers that represent achievements within this process — Guomao, Diwang, and the Civic Center all come to mind and are worth a visit. ", "Those wanting to see the “real” capital h historic Shenzhen, I suggest visiting either an industrial park or an urban village. ", "Early 80s work unit housing in Luohu and Shekou are also great examples of how industrial urbanization transformed the area. ", "Personally, however, I believe that if Shenzhen has a place in China’s 5,000 years narrative it is as an epicenter of rural urbanization, including transformation of the local environment, proletarianization of rural migrants to SEZ factories, and the forms of urbanization that returned workers have promoted or their remittances enabled. ", "However, even after over 30 years of reforming and opening Baoan villages, the city is only just starting to come to terms with this legacy and most villages, even the most famous such as Baishizhou are scheduled to be razed. ", "All this to say that as yet, the meaning of Shenzhen’s cultural and historical inheritance is still up for grabs because we are only just starting to come to terms with the urban legacy of Reform and Opening. ", "This means that as yet the city has no capital h history and no corresponding historical sites that one can visit and say, “Yes, I’ve been to Shenzhen and I know where I’ve been.”", "\n\nWalk anyway. ", "The Shenzhen you experience will be only loosely tethered to stereotypes about China and you might make something else of it. ", "Below, impressions of a recent walk in Fuyong." ]

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[ "/*=============================================================================\n Copyright (c) 2001-2011 Joel de Guzman\n\n Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (", "See accompanying\n file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)\n==============================================================================*/\n#ifndef BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING\n#if !", "defined(FUSION_TUPLE_TIE_10032005_0846)\n#define FUSION_TUPLE_TIE_10032005_0846\n\n#include <boost/preprocessor/iterate.hpp>\n#include <boost/preprocessor/cat.hpp>\n#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_params.hpp>\n#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_binary_params.hpp>\n#include <boost/fusion/tuple/detail/tuple.hpp>\n\n#if !", "defined(BOOST_FUSION_DONT_USE_PREPROCESSED_FILES)\n#include <boost/fusion/tuple/detail/preprocessed/tuple_tie.hpp>\n#else\n#if defined(__WAVE__) && defined(BOOST_FUSION_CREATE_PREPROCESSED_FILES)\n#pragma wave option(preserve: 2, line: 0, output: \"preprocessed/tuple_tie\" FUSION_MAX_VECTOR_SIZE_STR \".hpp\")\n#endif\n\n/*=============================================================================\n Copyright (c) 2001-2011 Joel de Guzman\n\n Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (", "See accompanying\n file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)\n\n This is an auto-generated file. ", "Do not edit!", "\n==============================================================================*/\n\n#if defined(__WAVE__) && defined(BOOST_FUSION_CREATE_PREPROCESSED_FILES)\n#pragma wave option(preserve: 1)\n#endif\n\nnamespace boost { namespace fusion\n{\n#define BOOST_FUSION_REF(z, n, data) BOOST_PP_CAT(T, n)&\n\n#define BOOST_PP_FILENAME_1 <boost/fusion/tuple/detail/tuple_tie.hpp>\n#define BOOST_PP_ITERATION_LIMITS (1, FUSION_MAX_VECTOR_SIZE)\n#include BOOST_PP_ITERATE()\n\n#undef BOOST_FUSION_REF\n\n}}\n\n#if defined(__WAVE__) && defined(BOOST_FUSION_CREATE_PREPROCESSED_FILES)\n#pragma wave option(output: null)\n#endif\n\n#endif // BOOST_FUSION_DONT_USE_PREPROCESSED_FILES\n\n#endif\n#else // defined(BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING)\n///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n//\n// Preprocessor vertical repetition code\n//\n///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n\n#define N BOOST_PP_ITERATION()\n\n template <BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(N, typename T)>\n BOOST_FUSION_GPU_ENABLED\n inline tuple<BOOST_PP_ENUM(N, BOOST_FUSION_REF, _)>\n tie(BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(N, T, & arg))\n {\n return tuple<BOOST_PP_ENUM(N, BOOST_FUSION_REF, _)>(\n BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(N, arg));\n }\n\n#undef N\n#endif // defined(BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING)\n\n" ]

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[ "Zofia (Sonka) Holszańska herbu Hippocentaurus (ur. ", "ok. ", "1405, zm. ", "21 września 1461 w Krakowie)\nksiężniczka litewska, królowa Polski, od 1422 roku czwarta i ostatnia żona Władysława II\nJagiełły.", "\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWhat is the sum multiple exponential distributions?", "\n\nI have data about the interarrival times of some process. ", "With the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test I could not reject the hypothesis that the data comes not from an exponential distribution. ", "So I assumed that the interarrival times are exponential distributed. ", "Also that my process is a Poisson Point process.", "\nThe process can be divided in multiple classes. ", "Like a queue, some people have long questions, others are done within seconds. ", "Some classes have enough data to fit an exponential distribution. ", "But others have e.g. five data points or less. ", "I can not fit a distribution with only five observations. ", "I think it is reasonable to assume all those classes are exponentially distributed. ", "\nIs there mathematical proof that the sum of multiple exponential distributions is exponentially distributed?", "\n\nA:\n\nLet $X_1,\\ldots,X_n$ be independent with $\\mathrm{Expo}(\\lambda)$ distribution. ", "We compute the density of $X_1+X_2$ by convolution:\n\\begin{align}\nf_{X_1+X_2}(t) &= f_{X_1}\\star f_{X_2}(t)\\\\\n&= \\int_{\\mathbb R} f_{X_1}(\\tau)f_{X_2}(t-\\tau)\\ \\mathsf d\\tau\\\\\n&= \\int_0^t \\lambda e^{-\\lambda \\tau}\\lambda e^{-\\lambda(t-\\tau)}\\ \\mathsf d\\tau\\\\\n&= \\lambda^2 e^{-\\lambda t} \\int_0^t\\ \\mathsf dt\\\\\n&= \\lambda ( \\lambda t)e^{-\\lambda t}\\mathsf 1_{(0,\\infty)}(t).", "\n\\end{align}\nAssuming now that $S_n:=\\sum_{k=1}^n X_k$ has density $\\frac{\\lambda (\\lambda t)^{n-1} e^{-\\lambda t}}{(n-1)!}$, we compute the density of $S_{n+1} = S_n + X_{n+1}$ again by convolution:\n\\begin{align}\nf_{S_{n+1}}(t) &= f_{S_n}\\star f_{X_{n+1}}(t)\\\\\n&= \\int_0^t \\frac{\\lambda (\\lambda \\tau)^{n-1} e^{-\\lambda \\tau}}{(n-1)!}\\lambda e^{-\\lambda (t-\\tau)}\\ \\mathsf d\\tau\\\\\n&=\\frac{\\lambda^2e^{-\\lambda t}}{(n-1)!}\\int_0^t (\\lambda\\tau)^{n-1} \\ \\mathsf d\\tau\\\\\n&= \\frac{\\lambda^2e^{-\\lambda t}}{(n-1)!} ", "\\frac{(\\lambda t)^n}{\\lambda n}\\\\\n&= \\frac{\\lambda(\\lambda t)^n e^{-\\lambda t}}{n!},", "\n\\end{align}\nso the density is of this form for all positive integers $n$ by mathematical induction.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Pouring Mikkeller’s Beer Geek Parlor. ", "Photo: Liz Clayman\n\nFor the kind of beer lovers who freak out over Imperial Stouts and New England–style IPAs, there aren’t many names bigger than Mikkeller. ", "Over the last 12 years, founder Mikkel Borg Bjergso has established his Danish brand as a trendsetter (it was early to the gypsy-brewer scene) and, arguably, one of the world’s best brewers. ", "Bjergso has made his name by taking aspects of modern craft beer (the big, sometimes weird flavors; limited-run creations) and pushing them to their least logical extremes. ", "As a result, Mikkeller expanded from Denmark to Thailand, with breweries in Copenhagen, San Diego, and now New York. ", "This past weekend, Mikkeller’s first East Coast outpost opened in Queens, at Citi Field, and — to those people who love heft stouts and juicy IPAs — it’s a very big deal. ", "Here’s why beer geeks in New York and beyond are so excited for this opening.", "\n\n1. ", "The new brewery will be a hub for Mikkeller’s restless innovation. ", "Mikkeller produces a lot of different types of beer. ", "The New York Times once reported that Mikkeller produced 124 different beers in 2013 alone, and today, the website RateBeer currently lists 1,062 different beers and barley wines in the brewery’s profile. ", "Even the most dedicated Mikkeller superfan would never be able to track down everything, but with the new brewery, that superfan at least has a destination where they can go and basically always find something new to try.", "\n\n2. ", "Mikkeller’s beers push craft beer’s big flavors to the extreme. ", "One reason Mikkeller makes so many different beers is that the brewery is willing to try things nobody else will: Among Mikkeller’s many experiments are the so-called 1000 IBU; the Beer Geek series of flavored stouts like the Vanilla Raspberry Smoothie; and the Whenever Pilsner brewed with lime leaf, lemongrass, and ginger. ", "Bjergso also goes all-in in collaborations (like with David Lynch) and small-batch beers, reportedly once purchasing $8,000 in truffles for a beer. (", "Not everything is so extreme, though. ", "The Say Hey Sally, produced for the Mets, is a Czech-style pilsner.)", "\n\nSay Hey Sally, brewed for Citi Field. ", "Photo: Liz Clayman\n\n3. ", "There will be plenty of new beers to try, always. ", "The bar’s 60 taps guarantee that you’ll have something different to drink each time you go, and the list of drafts on the website suggests it’s trying to cover lots of grounds. ", "There’s Hill Farmstead’s Mary, a German-style pilsner; Mikkeller San Diego’s Raspberry Blush (Berliner Weisse with raspberry and coffee); Thin Man Brewery’s Curtis, a Belgian-style brown ale; and much more.", "\n\n4. ", "Bjergso may or may not have a long-standing feud with his identical twin brother (and fellow brewer). ", "Part of the lore surrounding Mikkeller is the animosity between Mikkel and his identical twin brother, Jeppe, the man behind Evil Twin Brewing. ", "The two are allegedly bitter rivals; the Times reported in 2014 that the two hadn’t spoken for a year. ", "Then last week, it published an entire article about the supposed rivalry and how their paths are colliding in Queens, where Evil Twin will also open a brewery. (", "As a bona fide fraternal twin myself, and Grub’s resident expert on twin relations, I’m a bit skeptical of what seems like, ultimately, clever marketing — but it is a very good story that no doubt helps sell some beer.)", "\n\n5. ", "Oh, and the brewery is huge. ", "The restaurant and brewery is 10,000 square feet, so there should actually be somewhere for you to sit. ", "To ensure you won’t stumble out totally sloshed, there’s also food from Danish restaurateur Claus Meyer’s Great Northern Food Hall, Korean fried-chicken spot Unidentified Flying Chickens, meat man Pat LaFrieda, and local burger chainlet Whitmans.", "\n\nThe other beer brewed for Citi Field is Henry Hops. ", "Photo: Liz Clayman\n\nPicnic tables for drinkin’ suds and eatin’ burgers. ", "Photo: Liz Clayman\n\nSo many taps! ", "Photo: Liz Clayman" ]

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[ "It is well known in the art of video transmission to use a terminator at the video input device to match the cable impedance thereby reducing electromagnetic interference and signal reflections to improve signal quality. ", "Most composite video cable connections match a 75 ohm impedance cable with a 75 ohm termination resistor in the video input device.", "\nHowever, a need exists to protect the circuitry of the video input device in the case where an unexpectedly high voltage is connected to the video input circuit. ", "This protection is particularly important in automotive applications where the video input can be inadvertently connected to the automotive battery causing a large amount of power to be dissipated across the termination resistor. ", "Typically, systems utilize a DC blocking capacitor in series with the video input. ", "The DC blocking capacitor has the disadvantage of causing a poor low frequency response which results in either a loss of synchronization or distortions in the video signal." ]

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[ "Albeit with ads.", "\n\nYou can play 'Crazy Taxi' on your smartphone for free\n\nIf you've always been intrigued by the early noughties appeal of Crazy Taxi, but didn't want to lay down cash on that curiosity, you now have no excuse. ", "Sega has made both Android and iOS versions free to play. ", "And if the ads drive you crazy, you can plunk down a mere two bucks. ", "Or just delete the thing.", "\n\nIt's been eight years since Victorian London was swept underground by a swarm of bats.", "\n\n'Fallen London' and the secret to writing an infinite gothic game\n\nFallen London is a deep choose-your-own-adventure game that debuted back in 2009, with no moving pictures to guide players into new worlds. ", "Instead, it's text-based, allowing fans to decide how they'll react to certain scenarios while they wander around a Victorian version of London that's trapped in an underground dimension. ", "It's still available in browser form, but it's also on iOS and Android, spawning a successful spinoff mobile franchise in the process. ", "Just this week, Failbetter Games announced it would place renewed focus on Fallen London, tying up some of its stories and systems. ", "The lore is probably unlike any other game story you've experienced before.", "\n\nWe've never had a better chance of finding extraterrestrial life -- if it exists.", "\n\nThe search for a habitable second Earth\n\nWrapping up our Tomorrow Week, Steve Dent looks into how scientists and researchers are searching for habitable planets beyond this blue and green orb. ", "Interestingly, half the research takes place right here, as teams try to unlock the mystery of how life started on Earth in the first place.", "\n\nThe Extremely Large Telescope has been years in the making.", "\n\nConstruction starts on the world's largest optical telescope\n\nThis is related to said search: After years of planning and no shortage of financial anxiety, construction has officially started on the Extremely Large Telescope. ", "Contractors are now building the main structure and dome of the Chile-based observer ahead of its initial service in 2024. ", "With a 43-yard aperture, this promises to be the world's largest optical telescope for a long time, even compared to future projects.", "\n\nInfinite (battery) lives\n\nUSB-powered Sega Nomad gives you near-endless game time\n\nSega's Genesis Nomad was always a compromise: It ran 16-bit console games on mid-90s handheld tech, but took six AA batteries just to get three hours of playtime. ", "Wouldn't it be nice if you could use modern hardware to play without constant (and sometimes expensive) battery swaps? ", "The Sega Holic (aka Catch22 on NeoGAF) thinks so. ", "He just teased a homebrew Nomad modification that lets the portable system run on USB power.", "\n\nBut wait, there's more..." ]

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[ "Why Buy-Cheap-Essay.com Is the Best Place to Buy Essays?", "\n\nProficient Online Writers\n\nHighly Experienced Writers\n\nBuy an Essay with 100%\n\nOnly Brand New Papers\n\nCompletely Safe\n\n100% Confidentiality\n\nSupportive Agents\n\n24/7 Customer Support\n\nOrder essay\n\nHoverboard The Cause Of Unspeakable Damage To Million-Dollar Mansion. ", "I have recently cashed in on the USDCAD and the GBPUSD, I think the basic idea stock vs call option stock option is. ", "Trading is conducted electronically through the BMV-SENTRA Equities System. ", "Save etock DETOX SUPPORT products and over 40,000 other vitamins, and same with my girlfriends jobs. ", "Sebenarnya ada banyak hal yang perlu diketahui dalam bertrading forex.", "\n\nTrading Station offers an advanced charting package. ", "FOREX TRADING WEBSITE FOR SALE WITH TARGETED CONTENT FOR SEO in Business Industrial, 2007the world's biggest stock market World's largest stock exchanges, since they would tend to avoid holding positions which might dall cancel each other out due to negative correlation unless they wanted to have a partial hedge.", "\n\nToday was the 1st day that I could follow the market for more than one hour during regular trading hours. ", "How and wherethey will live and stock vs call option will settle out in time?", "\n\nMengenai Trading, as a staff researcher at the IBM Research! ", "Quotes and other information supplied by independent. ", "TradeKing is an online broker providing tools and research for online trading of stocks, there are two major events that could profoundly change the oil markets, yin-yang or yin yang. ", "Download Free Forex SAMURAI Robot 2015 great Expert Advisor EA for Forex Samurai Robot gets the trading activity of previous week and analyzes.", "\n\nHigh rate of people remain on ms excel example dec this chapter! ", "Oil and gas development. ", "Menulis adalah stock vs call option untuk. ", "Hoarding has become a common feature of the Bitcoin market, rest of the money will be taxed. ", "Understanding Returns Of Leveraged And Inverse Analysis Of Returns Of Leveraged And Inverse Funds Stanley Zhang, and Things to Do in Leucadia California!. ", "Revenue is simply the quantity sold multiplied by the price each unit sold at." ]

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[ "As shown in FIG. ", "9, in Japanese Patent Publication No. ", "2770389 (patent document 1), a charging device comprising wireless headphones 1 and a transmission device 2 is disclosed. ", "An engaging recess 3 is formed at an upper end of a cabinet of a transmission device 2. ", "The dimensions of this engaging recess 3 are substantially the same as the width of a hanger section 4 of the headphones 1 so as to receive a protruding section 5 at a substantially central portion of the hanger section 4.", "\nWhen the headphones 1 are mounted on the transmission device 2 so that the protruding section 5 of the hanger section 4 inserts into the engaging recess 3, pins 6 erected at the engaging recess 3 are inserted to within holes 7 of the protruding section 5 so as to make contact with electrodes within the holes 7. ", "In this way, a secondary battery 8 provided within the headphones 1 is charged by a power supply circuit on the side of the transmission device 2.", "\nHere, light-emitting elements 9 are provided at the transmission device 2 and light-receiving elements 10 are provided at the headphones 1. ", "Therefore, after the secondary battery 8 of the headphones 1 is charged by this transmission device 2, while the headphones are detached for use, it is possible for signals to be transmitted to the light-receiving elements 10 of the headphones 1 from the light-emitting elements 9 of the transmission device 2 using infrared rays etc. ", "It is therefore possible for audio to be played back using the headphones 1 without employing a signal cable (refer to patent document 1).", "\nFurther, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-open Publication No. ", "H7-22955 (Japanese Patent Publication 2), there are disclosed wireless headphones employing a secondary battery as an operation power supply. ", "It is then possible to open and close charging terminals for charging the secondary battery using an opening and closing body interlocking with an operation section of a switch for switching over the operating state of the headphones. ", "This makes it possible to prevent hair and skin from making contact with the charging terminals by opening and closing the charging terminals using the opening and closing body when the headphones are worn on a person's head and therefore prevent corrosion of and defective contact with the charging terminals.", "\nIt is preferable for the operation of charging wireless headphones with a secondary battery built-in to be straightforward. ", "Patent document 1 and patent document 2 described above disclose charging devices where the secondary battery does not have to be removed from the headphones where charging is possible as a result of mounting the headphones on the battery charger. ", "With these charging devices of the related art, charging is carried out by making contact between charging pins 6 and electrodes as a result of utilizing the weight of the headphones 1. ", "It is therefore not possible to ensure a contact pressure that is greater than the dead weight of the headphones. ", "This has the disadvantage that the connection of the pins 6 is not always stable. ", "There is also a problem that fine adjustment is necessary in order to correctly line up the positions of the terminals on the headphone side and the pins on the side of the battery charger during the charging operation.", "\nIn order to resolve the aforementioned problems, it is advantageous for the present invention to provide a charging device capable of ensuring sufficient connection pressure in excess of the weight of wireless apparatus such as headphones etc. ", "that does not require fine adjustment in order for electrodes to make appropriate contact with a connection member." ]

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[ "Ian Palmer (footballer)\n\nIan Palmer (11 April 1921 – 22 September 2005) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).", "\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links \n\nCategory:1921 births\nCategory:2005 deaths\nCategory:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)\nCategory:Sydney Swans players" ]

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[ "Myositis and Fasciitis: Role of Imaging.", "\nImaging plays an important role in the evaluation of patients presenting with possible myositis, with magnetic resonance imaging the most appropriate modality but ultrasound also playing a complementary role. ", "This article reviews the imaging appearance of the inflammatory myopathies, other forms of myositis, and mimickers of myositis, with a discussion of distinguishing features for each entity. ", "The fascia and disease processes that preferentially involve the fascia are also reviewed." ]

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[ "What goes on to make one of Bethel's most popular traditions possible?", "\n\nGadkin, a long-time Bethel tradition that both unites the campus and induces emotional chaos, has now concluded. ", "The movie is probably already on YouTube, the good times are embedded in our memories and the fall-out is just about over. ", "Yet, with all of this activity, the hard work that goes into running an event such as this can sometimes be overlooked.", "\n\nSophomore Jessica Young, director of BU Traditions, and senior Lauren Berfeldt, Traditions Committee member, know exactly what goes into planning such a large-scale event. ", "These two are part of a larger team that works to maintain and improve some of Bethel’s most famous events, including Gadkin, Nikdag, Saint Skate and the Homecoming Cheer.", "\n\nSpecifically for Gadkin, the committee begins individually brainstorming ideas as early as July. ", "The general outline for the project is fairly simple, as Young said, “We know what it should look like, so it’s a matter of starting with the basic ideas.”", "\n\nAs soon as September hits and meetings begin, the team works to establish a running list of potential activities and themes. ", "As a general rule, they aim for at least 50 possibilities to ensure they have enough options to combine all three events to make a cohesive theme.", "\n\nNext, Young and her committee start networking with as many organizations as possible, continuing to narrow down their options based on a few different factors. ", "As Young explained, “Capacity is one of the obstacles and so is price.” ", "Many of their original ideas are eliminated because of these two elements.", "\n\nAlso, while planning, the team must keep the past events in mind. ", "To ensure no repeats, they consult event evaluations from past years.", "\n\nYet, planning Gadkin is not just about choosing the events. ", "Other components, such as the movie and the number of participants also play a role in the planning process. ", "On average, around 275 pairs of students participate, amounting to 550 students in all.", "\n\nHoping to sell all of the tickets, as they have been able to in the past, the committee puts a lot of effort into designing a theme and a movie that will appeal to Bethel students.", "\n\nIn order to maintain a consistent theme, the team brainstorms for hours on end to come up with the perfect limericks for \"the ask.\" ", "All of this planning must be under the radar, compounding the challenges for committee members.", "\n\nOverall, orchestrating this event can be a difficult task. ", "However, for those who put it together, it’s also very rewarding. ", "Berfeldt said her favorite part of the process was “just seeing how everyone is going to respond and hoping people like it.”" ]

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[ "\n\nReading lists for people who want to be software engineers at Blizzard - mtinkerhess\nhttp://www.reddit.com/r/gamedev/comments/1fezrk/jay_baxter_gives_a_list_of_books_for_people_who/\n\n======\nekm2\nThis is the first time seeing anyone recommend C++ Primer Plus with no mention\nof C++ Primer.", "\n\n~~~\nzabast\nWell, technically, it is a substring :)\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nC# Web API Multiple Callers to Method That Writes to Database\n\nI am hoping someone can help me to write this method better. ", "The method works as is until I have multiple users hitting the method simultaneously. ", "I started to work on using async/await, but I don't know that it will work for me. ", "The biggest issue is we have a staging/working table that we save to, then execute a stored procedure against the table that does some stuff and clears the table when done. ", "The data in the table is user specific, so we need only the data in there to be for the user executing the stored procedure. ", "If other data gets in there, it messes things up. ", "This is why I have the check to make sure the table is empty before we continue on.", "\nIn short, how can I make this method work in a truly RESTful way and provide for scalability to many users?", "\n[HttpPost, Route(\"api/SubmitOrder\")]\npublic IHttpActionResult SubmitOrderEntry([FromBody] OrderRequest request)\n{\n var profileObjs = OrderEntities.", "Set<OrderStaging>();\n foreach (var s in request.", "Items)\n {\n OrderStaging orderObj = new OrderStaging();\n\n orderObj.", "OrderName = request.", "OrderName;\n orderObj.", "OrderDescription = request.", "OrderDescription;\n orderObj.", "OrderComments = request.", "Comments;\n orderObj.", "EnteredBy = request.", "EnteredBy;\n //and many more\n\n profileObjs.", "Add(orderObj);\n }\n\n try\n {\n bool tableEmpty = false;\n int count = 0;\n int countMax = 180;\n\n while (!", "tableEmpty && count < countMax)\n {\n count++;\n if (!", "OrderEntities.", "OrderStagings.", "Any())\n {\n tableEmpty = true;\n }\n else\n {\n System.", "Threading.", "Thread.", "Sleep(5000);\n }\n }\n\n if (tableEmpty)\n {\n OrderEntities.", "Configuration.", "EnsureTransactionsForFunctionsAndCommands = false;\n OrderEntities.", "Database.", "CommandTimeout = 180;\n OrderEntities.", "SaveChanges();\n\n if (request.", "Pending)\n {\n var result = OrderEntities.", "SPPENDING();\n var firstRow = result.", "FirstOrDefault();\n String[] returnValue = new String[] { firstRow.", "TransactionID, firstRow.", "ExternalOrderID };\n return Ok(returnValue);\n }\n else\n {\n var result = OrderEntities.", "SPORDER();\n var firstRow = result.", "FirstOrDefault();\n String[] returnValue = new String[] { firstRow.", "TransactionID, firstRow.", "ExternalOrderID };\n return Ok(returnValue);\n }\n }\n\n return Content(HttpStatusCode.", "BadRequest, \"SQL Server Exception\");\n }\n catch (Exception e)\n {\n Console.", "WriteLine(e.", "ToString());\n return Content(HttpStatusCode.", "BadRequest, \"SQL Server Exception\");\n }\n} \n\nA:\n\nYou will likely want to re-think your approach here. ", "It sounds like you have an existing solution that involved a stored procedure that processes these staged records and probably takes a bit of time to complete. ", "The sproc assumes that all staging records are relevant to the task it is designed to process. ", "Queuing multiple requests while that sproc is running will lead to issues.", "\nThe first thing you should consider is splitting the calls into two parts: 1. ", "Stage the data. ", "2. ", "Poll for a result. ", "Don't have an API call sit and wait for the stored procedure to complete, have it pass back a result indicating the data was staged successfully or not, and the client code can hand-off to part #2, which is poll for a result for that job. ", "Polling can be for an individual job ID, or it can be based on a last poll date/time and poll records modified since that date/time. (", "This can allow a client to \"see\" jobs started by other users if applicable)\nRegarding your staging & Stored Procedure, a job identifier should be added to the staging table. ", "Each row in the staging table is given a job ID, the job record tracks some basic details about the request including: When was it started? ", "Who started it? ", "Is it complete? ", "What is it's status? (", "queued, started, completed, failed, etc.) ", "What was the failure reason? (", "if applicable) The stored procedure should be kicked off with a Job ID, or query any unstarted jobs and process the staging records for that job or group of jobs. ", "When the stored proc completes processing a set of records, it updates the job row, and purges the staging records. ", "I'd consider even leaving the staging records purge to a scheduled task that runs daily after-hours to avoid unnecessary locks in the database on that table. (", "Delete staging rows and/or jobs that were completed/failed each night.)", "\nLook to design systems to scale for multiple requests that can either be processed successfully at the same time, or that all steps of the process can identify and process in order, but not hold up queuing one request until the previous completes.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Psychological demand and control of the work process of public university servants.", "\nThis cross-sectional research aimed to analyze the psychological demand and work control self-reported by the Education Administrative Technicians of a public university. ", "This is a complete sample selection consisting of 833 Education Administrative Technicians who self-completed a questionnaire with questions structured in 2013/2014. ", "A descriptive bivariate analysis was performed with the calculation of psychosocial stress at work, using the Demand-Control Model quadrants categorized as: low-demand work (low-demand and high-control), reference group, passive work (low-demand and low-control), active work (high-demand and high-control), high-demand (high-demand and low-control) - group with the highest exposure. ", "The study complies with all ethical and legal research requirements involving human beings. ", "There was a predominance of the category of workers performing passive work (n = 319, 39.7%), low work demand (n = 274, 34.1%), high work demand (n = 116, 14.4%) and active work (n = 95, 11.8%). ", "There were contributions from the investigation on the health of these workers insofar as they provided a diagnosis of the category. ", "There is a recommendation for such data to support interventions to empower them and retailor jobs." ]

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[ "The DBK9TRK provides an easy to install, bolt on solution for upgrading your Pre-1987 Ford 9” rear-end light truck to disc brake performance. ", "Many consumers may be unsure of which size 9” rear-end their vehicle has. ", "MBM's kit is unique in that it provides all the brackets and flanges that fit the three most popular sizes of the 9” rear end (3-3/8” x 2”, 3-1/2”x 2-3/8”, 3-9/16” x 2”). ", "Top that off with 5 on 5 1/2 bolt pattern rotors and you eliminate much of the customer guess-work when purchasing and installing the kit. ", "The DBK9 comes in both standard and high performance models. ", "The high performance LX kits upgrade to cross-drilled and slotted rotors and stainless steel braided brake lines. ", "Learn More\n\nMBM's kit is unique in that it provides all the brackets and flanges that fit the three most popular sizes of the 9” rear end (3-3/8” x 2”, 3-1/2” x 2-3/8”, 3-9/19” x 2” ). ", "This eliminates all guesswork when purchasing and installing the kit. ", "Learn More\n\nDakota Digital LED lighting systems are engineered to utilize your existing wiring harness, tail light lens and assembly**. ", "Whether you have OEM wiring, or have updated to a new style harness, installation is effortless! ** ", "Tail Light housing and lens are not included" ]

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[ "Not quite sepia which is nice, sort of a low-tech looking digital shot of a casually hip couple.", "\n\nSorry to have missed you last week, Rob... here's the end of that day at Sunpeaks, boldly wearing the Saab 850 Monte Carlo Helmet of Supremacy; the guy that owns both items actually did the whole event in a leather kilt. ", "You do not tease Phil the Viking for fear of the Wrath of Odin. ", "Seriously, he's a big boy, appropriately \"Carlsson på taket\" sized. ", "The car is unrestored, a baddass premix wonder.", "\n\nhaha! ", "reminds me of a similar friday night skeet comp right after the first summer rain, and all the cane toads came out into the spotlighted area, following the moths and insects...\n\nanyway, some suspect rig shot setting up\n\nI wish I could figure out how to upload a short vid I took onto my comp. ", "Its of my buddy taking his .270 Win out at this same particular gopher death festival. ", "One of the little c*cksuckers does about six bajillion summersaults and ends up on the ground a hamburger. ", "Absolutely hilarious to watch. ", "I'd say it'd be like using a missile launcher on an elephant, same effect.", "\n\nBe careful what you wish for . ", "I can make it happen, but I doubt the rest of the UCP community wants to see LOL.", "\n\nI took a golfing trip this weekend to The Falls resort in Chilliwack. ", "Nice place, got a ride up in a Navigator, a ride around the course in an M6, met a Berlinetta, and got a ride home in an A6. ", "Quite an eventful time to say the least." ]

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[ "Check out our new site Makeup Addiction\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nRealized there wasn't any toilet paper before I took a dump!" ]

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[ "A novel diisopropylphosphofluoridate-sensitive phenylalanine arylamidase in human liver.", "\nA diisopropylphosphofluoridate-sensitive (DFP-sensitive) arylamidase, which preferentially hydrolyzed Phe-p-nitroanilide (Phe-pNA), was purified from a crude extract of human liver by conventional chromatographic techniques. ", "The purified enzyme gave a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ", "The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 58,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 200,000 by chromatography on a column of Sephacryl S-300, suggesting that the enzyme is a trimer or a tetramer. ", "The enzyme was inactivated in proportion to the amount of [3H]DFP incorporated with a [3H]DFP/subunit (58,000) molar ratio of 1.04. ", "The data indicate that the enzyme belongs to the serine protease family." ]

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[ "5 views and no answers...hmm, guess this was a bad choice of topic sorry!! ", "I was just curious on a grown lady opinion as it seems that grown men still think like 15yr old boys when it comes to their winky\n\nHell that's me,if it decides to work. ", "My nickname is \"are you in yet\" I need some vitamin V and $100 craigslist girl. ", "My diabetes kinda wrecks everything. ", "I need to get tighter control. ", "I think I'm going to start a cycle to lean out some.", "\n\nHell that's me,if it decides to work. ", "My nickname is \"are you in yet\" I need some vitamin V and $100 craigslist girl. ", "My diabetes kinda wrecks everything. ", "I need to get tighter control. ", "I think I'm going to start a to bicycle and put down the beers to lean out some.", "\n\nHell that's me,if it decides to work. ", "My nickname is \"are you in yet\" I need some vitamin V and $100 craigslist girl. ", "My diabetes kinda wrecks everything. ", "I need to get tighter control. ", "I think I'm going to start a cycle to lean out some.", "\n\n5 views and no answers...hmm, guess this was a bad choice of topic sorry!! ", "I was just curious on a grown lady opinion as it seems that grown men still think like 15yr old boys when it comes to their winky\n\nWe're now up to 82 views, and still not a single response to your original question, ...what does that tell you?", "\n\nI watched all of my kids come into this world (delivered 2) so I know what women are capable of in terms of stretching but just I always figured what you and the other basically said...you can work with most anything (within reason) given he knows how to use it.", "\n\nOne of my best friends is female and said something interesting to me when I posed the same question. ", "She said that her husband is not the biggest she's experienced but their sex life is amazing because of the trust and love they have for each other. ", "Says it's a mental thing more than a cock size deal of which I get. ", "My wife and I been together for years with kids and we are still like dirty little teenagers\n\nI watched all of my kids come into this world (delivered 2) so I know what women are capable of in terms of stretching but just I always figured what you and the other basically said...you can work with most anything (within reason) given he knows how to use it.", "\n\nOne of my best friends is female and said something interesting to me when I posed the same question. ", "She said that her husband is not the biggest she's experienced but their sex life is amazing because of the trust and love they have for each other. ", "Says it's a mental thing more than a cock size deal of which I get. ", "My wife and I been together for years with kids and we are still like dirty little teenagers" ]

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[ "DISCLAIMER: I do not own the Avengers or any related characters. ", "It's all Marvel/Disney.", "\n\nNotes; This fic is set in my own personal Marvel universe. ", "Other stories are Iron Man, Hulk, Captain America, Spider-Man and Thor. ", "Now, let me say right off the bat that this takes 4-5 years into the future from when my Iron Man began. ", "So, there are going to be spoilers. ", "I'm looking at those fics as being prequels. ", "At the end of this chapter, I'm going to explain more and the reason why I'm doing this fic now, rather than waiting until after I finish the others. ", "But, for now, I hope you enjoy the first chapter. ", "Please review if you do, I'm open to any and all criticism and critiques.", "\n\nZEROBEN'S AVENGERS\n\nAnd there came a day, a day unlike any other, when Earth's mightiest heroes and heroines found themselves united against a common threat. ", "On that day, the Avengers were born, to fight the foes no single superhero could withstand!", "\n\n:::The Xandar Cluster:::\n\nThe home of the inter-galactic peace-keeping force known as the Nova Corps.", "\n\nHowever, not anymore.", "\n\nThe Xandar Cluster had been ravaged by a violent and brutal surprise attack while the vast majority of the Nova Corps were away on a lengthy mission. ", "An unknown invader slipped into the cluster un-detected. ", "And, by the time they were noticed, it was far too late. ", "The invaders killed all who opposed them with weapons not before seen. ", "New creations. ", "Devastation swept over the entire cluster. ", "By the time the attack was finished, there was barely anything left. ", "For all intents and purposes, the Xandar Cluster had been raped, robbed of all its glory, of everything it held so dearly. ", "It had then been murdered and left for dead.", "\n\nAfter the destruction ceased and the invaders finally left, one surviving member of the Nova Corps came out of hiding. ", "He was covered from head to toe in battle scars, his uniform all but gone, bloody wounds littering his body. ", "He crawled across the metal floor, a trail of thick blood left in his path. ", "He wept at the sight of his people slaughtered before him. ", "It was by sheer luck that his life hadn't been ended as well.", "\n\nPainfully, he picked himself up, yelling from the torment his body was ravaged by. ", "He staggered weakly to a ship. ", "He crawled in. ", "He was knocking upon death's door, but he had no choice but to continue, to somehow push forward. ", "His duty as a Centurion in the Nova Corps was more important than his own satisfaction. ", "He had to fly to Earth. ", "Despite his condition, he just had to... Had to warn them...\n\nThey were next.", "\n\n1#\n\n\"INVASION\"\n\nIn the sky above the Golden Gate Bridge, two distinctive blurs could be seen. ", "One being red and gold. ", "The one it was following consisting of a peculiar purple color. ", "Six years ago, this would have been strange. ", "But, five years ago, Iron Man was born, combating larger than life threats on a routine basis. ", "Therefore, everyone knew what it was. ", "Just another superhuman battle. ", "No need to panic unless who were unlucky enough to be caught in the crosshairs.", "\n\nThe purple blur came to an abrupt stop, standing atop the peak of the bridge. ", "It was the energy form of Simon Williams, once a businessman. ", "Now, in the supervillain business. ", "Once upon a time, he battled Iron Man to a standstill. ", "And now, he was back for the long awaited rematch.", "\n\n\"Stay out of my business, Stark!\" ", "Simon shouted, the energy crackling as his eyes glowed red, his fists clenched tightly.", "\n\n\"No can do, Simon,\" Iron Man also came to a stop, hovering overhead, \"At least not until you're back safe and sound inside the Triskelion.\"", "\n\n\"That prison can't hold me,\" Simon sneered, preparing himself for a battle, \"Just like you can't stop me, Stark!\"", "\n\nIron Man let out an annoyed sigh underneath the armor, shaking his head, \"Vision, remind me why I thought it was such a bright idea to out myself? ", "I'm getting sick and tired of supervillains calling me by my real name. ", "I mean, what's the point of calling yourself Iron Man if no one's going to use it?\"", "\n\n\"Stop the jokes!\" ", "Simon shouted, unleashing two powerful energy bursts from his fists, and rising higher into the bright blue sky.", "\n\n\"Yeah, right!\" ", "Iron Man dodged the attack as it dissipated into the Earth's atmosphere, \"Can the sun stop shining?\" ", "he escaped another blast attack, \"Can the birds stop chirping?\"", "\n\n\"They can if they're dead!\" ", "Simon growled, pounding his fists together, creating one big blast that sped right for the superhero...\n\nLuckily, Iron Man was prepared for just such an attack. ", "He unleashed a bit of power of his own, the uni-beam from his chest-core. ", "It weakened him to use so much of his own biological energy... But, it did the trick. ", "Plus, his healing factor always worked nicely enough.", "\n\nSimon's own attack was used against him. ", "The force rocked him back into the top of the bridge, and sent him falling toward the road below. ", "Iron Man knew he couldn't risk Simon crashing into any of the cars down there and causing a big catastrophe. ", "So, he spiraled straight for the villain and caught him. ", "However, once he did, Simon smiled and leveled the armored hero with a strong punch.", "\n\nIron Man crashed flat on his back atop the hood of a car, effectively ruining the vehicle. ", "Amidst the smoke and steam now rising from underneath, he turned to the family inside with a groan, \"Just send the bill to Stark Resilient.\"", "\n\n\"Now you die, Stark!\" ", "from very high above, Simon dive-bombed directly for Iron Man.", "\n\n\"Add this to it, 'kay?\" ", "Iron Man ripped off the already dented hood and through it up toward Simon...\n\nThe villain crashed into it, slowing his speed. ", "This gave Iron Man just enough time to rise up and meet Simon in the air, tackling him to the road. ", "The two tumbled and rolled, but were no worse off than before.", "\n\n\"Give it up, Simon,\" Iron Man ordered, standing ready to continue this fight.", "\n\n\"No,\" Simon shook his head, his fists and forearms beginning to glow brighter than before, \"Never!\"", "\n\nSimon forced another powerful blast from his body of complete ionic energy. ", "But, Iron Man countered with giving it everything he had in his repulsors. ", "The two blasts ended up meeting in the middle. ", "Who would push who back? ", "Who would topple their opponent first? ", "Who would emerge victorious?", "\n\n\"That's... Enough... Simon,\" Iron Man struggled through gritted teeth, taking a couple slow steps forward, pushing against the energy as best he could. ", "He could feel the strain on his body.", "\n\n\"Agh!\" ", "Simon growled angrily, falling onto his backside. ", "In this test of strength, Iron Man had won. ", "However, Simon had an ace up his sleeve that he had yet to play...\n\n\"Run a scan, Vision,\" Iron Man spoke to his Artificial Intelligence system, \"How high are his energy levels? ", "What's he got left?\"", "\n\nSomething strange came up on Iron Man's Heads-Up Display, \"Sir, something is wrong.\"", "\n\n\"I don't...\" Iron Man was interrupted by Simon lifting a car full of people up over his head, turning toward the side of the bridge, \"No, Simon!\"", "\n\n\"I told you to stay out of my business, Stark!\" ", "Simon once again shouted, eyes more menacing than ever, \"And, this is your punishment...\"\n\n\"I swear to god, Simon,\" repulsors ready for full-on blast, holding nothing back, \"I'll let loose and never stop until nothing's left.\"", "\n\n\"Good,\" Simon smiled evilly, \"I wouldn't want it any other way.\"", "\n\nThe ionic form of Simon Williams tilted his arms back and then... Was blasted by Iron Man! ", "He lost his grip on the vehicle and it fell on top of him as he collapsed in a heap on the pavement. ", "The people inside, absolutely terrified, evacuated the car and ran as far away as possible from the scene. ", "Thank goodness they were safe and sound.", "\n\n\"No life signs detected,\" Vision explained to Iron Man as the superhero approached the vehicle.", "\n\n\"I had no choice,\" Tony sighed, the helmet of his armor opening up to reveal his head, \"What were you thinking, Simon?\"", "\n\nIron Man lifted up the car, shock fully painting his face. ", "It... The body... It wasn't Simon Williams. ", "It was... What it was didn't make sense to him. ", "Quickly, his helmet was brought back so Vision could perform a scan...\n\n\"Asgardian magic?\" ", "Tony wondered.", "\n\n\"No, sir. ", "It is not magic. ", "Scans can not determine what this is. ", "However, it is biological. ", "A formerly living and breathing organism.\"", "\n\n\"Then what the hell is it?\" ", "Tony was left with no answers, only so many questions.", "\n\nIn the spot where Simon's body should have been... There was a green... creature-like... monster. ", "It bore a humanoid appearance in a sense, but certainly was not human. ", "Green, wrinkled skin, some kind of purple uniform, and these sickly yellow eyes.", "\n\n:::Special Radio Interview:::\n\n\"His book rests comfortably atop the New York Times Best-Seller list for the third consecutive week as of just this morning, and he is fast becoming one of the most trusted sources on Superhuman-Activity. ", "Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, I'd like to welcome renowned writer Phillip Lawson to the Station 42 News at Nine program.\"", "\n\nThe scene was a radio booth. ", "Thirty-five year old writer, Phillip Lawson, had been asked to make an appearance on the Station 42 News at Nine show. ", "On satellite radio, this particular station had become the unofficial news network for all things Superhuman. ", "And with Phillip Lawson having written an immensely popular book on the phenomenon, it made perfect sense to have him on.", "\n\n\"Renowned writer,\" the host repeated, \"Just your first book, but you're referred to as renowned. ", "How does it make you feel?\"", "\n\nPhillip shrugged slightly, just a touch shy, not used to public appearances or interviews yet, \"Weird, actually. ", "I mean, it's only one book.\"", "\n\n\"But, it seems that you've really hit the nail on the head,\" the host pointed out, \"Scientist and superhero, Hank Pym said this... 'It's the best book I've ever read. ", "Dealing with superhumans these past few years and becoming one myself, I've never encountered anyone that truly understood what it all meant and what it was all about.'\"", "\n\n\"That means a lot coming from him,\" Phillip mentioned quickly, \"He's a genius. ", "The contributions he's recently made to the world are amazing. ", "The Ultron soldiers are the single greatest invention ever.\"", "\n\n\"Now we have Tony Stark,\" the host chuckled, others laughed, \"Who we all know is very vocal and opinionated. ", "He said... 'I appreciate the book Lawson wrote. ", "He's obviously a very smart and talented writer. ", "However, I'm not crazy about him essentially outing my grandfather as the father of the superhuman.'\"", "\n\n\"I never intended to make anyone angry,\" Lawson responded, \"All the words in my book are either proven fact or what I honestly believe to be true. ", "And, given testimonial by Captain America, and what we've been able to uncover, Howard Stark Sr. ", "and Abraham Erskine did create Captain America. ", "Hence, being the quote/un-quote, Grandfather of the superhuman.\"", "\n\n\"Now, very very quickly, enlighten us for a moment. ", "You credit Howard Stark Sr. ", "in creating Captain America. ", "But, not the Red Skull. ", "Although, it seems people lump the two together as a single creation. ", "Can you expand?\"", "\n\n\"It was a coincidence,\" Lawson stated fact, \"Dr. Erskine was being forced to work for the Nazis. ", "He had created the serum for Red Skull. ", "It wasn't used until three years later, though. ", "At the same time, a very young Howard Stark Sr. ", "was developing a serum for the United States Army. ", "He had nothing to do with the creation of the Red Skull. ", "And, it was his Vita-Rays invention that stabilized the serum in Captain America's body.\"", "\n\n\"Interesting,\" the host said, \"Now, my first official question; In the opening of your book, you claim that you have a morbid fascination with superhumans. ", "You say... and I'm quoting this... 'Let me start by admitting my morbid fascination of the superhuman phenomena. ", "I am enthralled and captivated. ", "Not a night passes me by when the last thoughts I think before falling asleep are about superhumans. ", "Is it healthy? ", "Perhaps not. ", "But, it is what it is and I choose not to deny it.' . ", "Explain that to us, if you would. ", "How did this morbid fascination come about, and why do you refer to it as such?\"", "\n\n\"Well, to answer the second question first; It's fairly obvious that everyone is interested in superhumans. ", "As a whole, we're curious, intrigued, and want to know as much as we can. ", "But, I've run social experiments and polls, and I've learned that the majority of the population in all different countries - this is everywhere, mind you - feel mostly the same way; They're content to sit back and go about their daily lives as routinely as possible.\"", "\n\n\"The term... Life goes on... Is buzzing in my ear right now,\" the host politely interrupted.", "\n\nLawson partially smiled, \"Yes, exactly. ", "Now, I'm the exact opposite. ", "To me, it's impossible to go back to how my life used to be. ", "In fact, to even try is impossible for me. ", "I'm constantly thinking about them, learning about them, trying to discover something new that I didn't know about already. ", "It's consumed my life.\"", "\n\n\"I'm gonna put you on the spot, you ready? ", "Tell us... Who's your favorite superhero?\"", "\n\nPhillip laughed, \"I don't believe I have a favorite.\"", "\n\n\"C'mon,\" the host didn't buy it, \"Listen, I'll tell you mine. ", "Thor. ", "I mean, how can you go wrong with the God of Thunder?\"", "\n\n\"True,\" Lawson saw his point.", "\n\n\"So, c'mon, who's yours?\"", "\n\nHe thought about it, \"I think I like them all the same. ", "I mean... They each represent something important and proud. ", "Something that I think we as a people should strive to be.\"", "\n\nHe had their full attention...\n\n\"Captain America is truth, liberty, the undying spirit of a country. ", "Black Panther means the same for Wakanda. ", "Iron Man and War Machine are advanced in science... They're every scientists furthest dreams. ", "Pym and Wasp are the same. ", "Thor embodies that there is more out there... That magic is real... That other dimensions are not only fiction. ", "Hawkeye and Mockingbird are action and adventure, that thirst for excitement. ", "The Hulk represents survival through the worst case scenario. ", "He is standing in control despite the monster swallowing him whole.\"", "\n\n\"You - This is very interesting - You consider the Hulk a superhero,\" the host followed up on that statement, \"Which you do talk about in length in your book.\"", "\n\n\"Yes,\" Lawson nodded his head, \"Why wouldn't I? ", "It was him who thwarted Radioactive Man. ", "He single-handedly defeated the Leader and countless others. ", "I understand why he's been mistaken as a villain, but we mustn't judge a book by its cover.\"", "\n\n:::Malibu:::\n\n:::Stark Residence:::\n\nIt wasn't human. ", "In any way, shape or form, this thing wasn't even the least bit human. ", "From a biological standpoint, at least. ", "The blood wasn't even remotely close. ", "A scary thought kept crossing Tony's mind as he ran tests, but he didn't dare jump to any conclusions so soon. ", "There was still much to be analyzed and learned. ", "Whatever this thing might have been, it was a new species. ", "Nothing that had ever been seen before. ", "At least, through Tony's eyes.", "\n\nAs the body lay lifelessly on a table in his laboratory, Tony couldn't help but feel the need to alert Hank Pym. ", "If there was a mind out there that could rival Tony's own, it was definitely Pym's. ", "But, Pym worked for SHIELD. ", "As did Janet. ", "And, if SHIELD caught wind of this, that would be the end of it. ", "This situation begged for silence and precision. ", "That thing had mimicked Simon right down to the subtle nuances. ", "Picture perfectly.", "\n\nAn even scarier thought crossed Tony's mind...\n\nWhat if there were more? ", "Who were they impersonating?", "\n\nMaybe a better question was...\n\nWhat were they up to?", "\n\n:::Ryker's Island Prison:::\n\nTwenty-eight year old Lucas Cage was currently in the sixth year of a twelve year sentence. ", "He had been thrown into jail following the death of one Willis Stryker. ", "It happened when he was nineteen, and when he closed his eyes, he could remember the event like it was yesterday. ", "But, he rarely ever chose to remember it. ", "If Lucas had his way, the memory would be wiped clean from his mind permanently. ", "The remorse and regret were overwhelming, spurred on by the humiliation and outright disappointment he caused his family. ", "He still remembered his father's face in the court-room when he admitted what he had done.", "\n\nWhat Lucas wanted more than anything was the chance to make it right with them. ", "The chance for redemption.", "\n\nA prison guard approached the door to Lucas' cell. ", "The tag on his shirt read Rackham. ", "Lucas clenched his fist, assuming trouble was on the horizon. ", "But, then Lucas noticed the man walking behind Rackham. ", "Seemed familiar. ", "Then it dawned on him who it was... It was Nick Fury of SHIELD.", "\n\nThe door to the cell was unlocked as Fury entered without a word. ", "Then, it was locked again and Rackham vacated the premises...\n\nCage didn't know what to think.", "\n\n\"Nine years ago, you beat Willis Stryker to death with your own bare hands,\" Fury stated, staring straight at Cage, \"Why?\"", "\n\n\"Why are you here?\" ", "Lucas asked in his deep voice.", "\n\n\"Good question,\" Fury countered, \"But, answer mine first.\"", "\n\n\"He made a threat,\" cryptic response, but a response nonetheless.", "\n\n\"But, to beat him to death... To take those two hands, ball them into fists, and repeatedly punch the man in his face until there was nothing left... That's something. ", "He must have made one hell of a threat.\"", "\n\n\"Yeah.\"", "\n\nBy this point, it was obvious that Lucas wasn't going to enlighten Fury on the specifics. ", "So, with that established, Fury decided on diving into the reason why he was paying the man a visit in the first place...\n\n\"I'm gonna be blunt with you, Cage,\" Fury laid it down, \"SHIELD is in the midst of an experiment. ", "And, we need a test subject.\"", "\n\nCage listened closely.", "\n\n\"If you were to sign up,\" Director Fury explained slowly and clearly, \"You would serve the remainder of your sentence as property of SHIELD. ", "But, not on the inside of a cell. ", "For the most part, you'd be a free man. ", "Working for SHIELD, doing exactly as I ordered, but still... A free man.\"", "\n\nCage liked the idea, but was a little wary of the experiment part of the deal, \"What kinda experiment?\"", "\n\n\"Before his disappearance, SHIELD was able to obtain DNA cells from the Hulk. ", "The experiment would be injecting you with those cells and seeing what happened next.\"", "\n\nThis gave the prisoner something to think about.", "\n\n\"Clock's ticking,\" Fury revealed, \"You pass, and I go on to the next guy. ", "It's up to you.\"", "\n\n\"You'd trust a prisoner to not go berserk after you inject 'em?\" ", "Luke wondered.", "\n\n\"If it was you, I would,\" Fury admitted, throwing Cage for a loop, \"See, I know something about you, Cage. ", "Something that you don't want anyone else to know. ", "And, I think you can figure out what that is.\"", "\n\nA bit of a stare down between the Director of SHIELD and the young man he was visiting. ", "Was Nick Fury telling the truth, or was he just blowing smoke to try and sway Cage's decision? ", "Either way, it didn't really matter. ", "Just like, it didn't matter to him if he was going to become a lab rat. ", "Some freedom was better than no freedom. ", "And, with that decided, Cage had only one thing to say...\n\n\"Where do I sign?\"", "\n\n:::Triskelion:::\n\nBeing the head of SHIELD Security was most certainly a stressful occupation. ", "However, when compared to having to deal with one Maria Hill, whom was the assistant to Nick Fury, and in charge of SHIELD operations when Director Fury wasn't in house, being the head of Security was a breeze... Nothing more than a crack in the sidewalk that could easily be stepped over. ", "Needless to say, Carol Danvers did not care for Maria Hill. ", "As did Maria Hill not care all that much for Carol Danvers.", "\n\nNot bothering to knock, Carol swung open the door of Director Fury's personal office, not at all surprised to find Hill on his laptop, \"Being in charge when he's not around doesn't mean you get to play leader when he goes out for a coffee.\"", "\n\nRealizing Carol was privy to business recently transpired, Maria defended her actions as she closed the laptop, \"Recruiting a convicted felon is hardly a cup of coffee. ", "Don't be so dramatic.\"", "\n\n\"You sent our three best agents on a silly meet and greet,\" Carol was angry, \"It's a waste of their time.\"", "\n\n\"Tony Stark battled Simon Williams in a deadly brawl on the Golden Gate Bridge. ", "Then, there's no sign of Simon and Mr. Iron Man's not saying a word. ", "I sent our three best because the situation calls for our three best.\"", "\n\n\"I know what you're trying to do,\" Carol saw through her like a window, \"You're trying to make an impression on the President, because you want the Director's chair. ", "But, Maria, you're no Nick Fury. ", "And, continually grabbing at straws is pathetic.\"", "\n\n\"Like I said,\" Maria repeated, now also angry, \"I sent our three best because the situation calls for our three best. ", "Director Fury isn't here, so it was my call to make. ", "I'd apologize for you disagreeing, but I don't honestly care what you think. ", "Really, Carol, what's your problem with me? ", "You've been on my case ever since I got my position back. ", "What, are you jealous because President Obama picked me instead of you for the job?\"", "\n\nCarol scowled, crossing her arms, \"My problem is your attitude. ", "My problem is your personality. ", "My problem is I want what's best for SHIELD. ", "And, what's not best for SHIELD is you next in line for Director. ", "Face it, Maria, you're not Director material. ", "A true SHIELD Director wouldn't make Captain America, Hawkeye and Mockingbird all go out to Malibu to talk with Tony Stark.\"", "\n\n\"You're excused,\" Maria had heard enough.", "\n\n\"You can't kick me out of an office that isn't yours.\"", "\n\nA stare down between the two ladies. ", "It wasn't their first argument and definitely wouldn't be their last, either. ", "The two of them just never saw eye to eye, compounded by the sheer fact that Carol Danvers - as well as many others within the organization - felt that Maria Hill wasn't qualified for the position of assistant to Director Fury.", "\n\n:::Stark Residence:::\n\nTony was busy reading over analysis and results from a variety of tests he was conducting using samples from the alien life-form. ", "He agonized over every detail, trying to dig to the core. ", "He just had to know what this thing was and how it had mimicked Simon so well, right down to his superpowers. ", "His thirst for knowledge was driving him forward. ", "However, a distraction came in the form of his ever faithful butler, Jarvis, entering the lab...\n\n\"You have company, Master Stark,\" Jarvis said.", "\n\n\"Tell 'em I'm busy, Jarvis,\" he casted it aside, not even looking away from his work.", "\n\n\"Sir, they're from SHIELD.\"", "\n\nSo much for keeping this ordeal a secret.", "\n\n:::Upstairs:::\n\n\"I wonder how long he'll keep us waiting?\"", "\n\n\"I feel uncomfortable just standing around in his home.\"", "\n\nSHIELD Operatives Hawkeye, Mockingbird and Captain America were standing in what could be described as the main room of Tony Stark's cliff side Malibu home. ", "If you looked through the sliding glass doors, you would spot a beautiful scene. ", "This place was state of the art and the finest that money could buy. ", "Though, for such a luxurious home, it was somewhat sad that the only ones living in it were Tony Stark and his butler, Jarvis. ", "Well... There was also Vision... But he was merely an artificial intelligence unit implemented directly into the architecture.", "\n\nAll three operatives were in their battle gear, though Hawkeye and Mockingbird weren't wearing their special glasses and Captain America had his mask hanging off the back of his neck like a hood. ", "As a side note, his shield was on his back.", "\n\nSteve spotted a framed photograph on the mantle. ", "It was of Howard Stark Sr.. He nearly smiled as the fond memories of the man who helped him become a soldier flooded his mind. ", "He was then taken away from those memories by the appearance of Tony Stark...\n\n\"To what do I owe the displeasure?\" ", "Stark's sarcasm in full-effect.", "\n\n\"Golden Gate Bridge,\" Clint spelled it out for him, \"Battle with Simon. ", "Ring any bells?\"", "\n\n\"What can I say?\" ", "Tony shrugged innocently, \"Can't catch 'em all. ", "Right... Captain?\"", "\n\nSteve gritted his teeth at the thought of the ever-elusive Winter Soldier. ", "His stance tightened some, never a big fan of Tony Stark and his flamboyant style. ", "Not to mention his rotten personality.", "\n\nBobbi spoke up, arms crossed, \"Witnesses claim you flew away with the body.\"", "\n\n\"I did no such thing,\" Tony's defense was sarcastic.", "\n\n\"Simon's been missing for over three years. ", "He's been completely off the grid. ", "Now, all of a sudden, he shows up in broad daylight where anyone can see him and challenges you to a fight? ", "You don't find that the least bit suspicious?\"", "\n\nTony simply shrugged again.", "\n\nThe Captain confronted him, eyes focused, jaw strong, \"Where is he, Stark?\"", "\n\n\"You know, I've never once seen you out of that costume,\" Stark commented on Steve's attire, \"What, do you have like a hundred of 'em?\"", "\n\n\"This is going nowhere,\" Clint remarked.", "\n\n\"As usual.\" ", "Bobbi agreed.", "\n\nSteve had something to say, \"Your grandfather would be ashamed of you.\"", "\n\nTony's pulse quickened as the anger level rose instantly, \"Don't even...\"\n\n\"He was a great man. ", "Howard Stark Sr. ", "was someone who dedicated himself to the betterment of the world... Of his country and people everywhere. ", "You're nothing like him. ", "You're self-centered, egotistical, and a pain in the ass. ", "I give you credit for being Iron Man and doing a lot of good. ", "But, you're lack of trust and overall refusal to work with SHIELD makes you a liability. ", "Something that I know your grandfather would frown upon.\"", "\n\nTony pointed to the door, not wanting to hear one more word out of any of them, \"Get the fuck out of my house. ", "Don't you dare come here an-and think for one second that you can just say whatever the hell you want. ", "You wanna know why I don't trust SHIELD? ", "You wanna know why I can't stand Nick Fury?\"", "\n\nHe continued, \"SHIELD did nuclear testing on American soil and created the Hulk. ", "And, instead of taking responsibility for a mistake that they made, they then decided to fight fire with fire and created that god damn Abomination. ", "Let's not forget that Samuel Sterns was a SHIELD scientist. ", "And that Whirlwind was courtesy of the great mind of Hank Pym. ", "Not to mention, that the Triskelion couldn't hold the Mandarin. ", "And that little blunder damn near ended the entire world.\"", "\n\n\"Mandarin's safe and secure,\" Clint dismissed that, \"Don't...\"\n\n\"Yeah, now,\" Tony was letting it all fly, \"After I put him there for a second time. ", "And you know what really pisses me off? ", "The fact that SHIELD never learns from their mistakes. ", "I know they're still gunning for a successful super-soldier, despite all the fuck-ups. ", "And, the real kicker in all this is who gets blamed for all of this shit? ", "Who? ", "Howard Stark Sr.. That's right, all thanks to that hack Lawson and his highly erroneous book.\"", "\n\n\"Be that as it may,\" Steve knew there was business to take care of, and wouldn't leave until it was done, \"Where is Simon Williams?\"", "\n\nTony sighed, wanting to stand his ground and not let SHIELD interfere, but understanding they had him dead to rights. ", "Maybe it was just plain stupid to try and make himself believe that he could handle this matter in a secretive manner. ", "Maybe it was for the best that he hand over the body. ", "Damn it... Damn it... Damn it!", "\n\n\"Come on,\" he said, begrudgingly leading the way to his basement.", "\n\nAfter the short walk, the three SHIELD Operatives found themselves staring at a body that most definitely did not belong to one Simon Williams. ", "It was green, wearing varying purple colors for clothing, and had pointed ears plus wrinkled skin. ", "For all intents and purposes... It looked like a Martian.", "\n\n\"What is this?\" ", "the Captain asked.", "\n\n\"That's what I keep asking myself,\" Stark let his guard down, deciding to work with these knuckleheads after all, \"I've run numerous tests. ", "All I keep getting back is that this thing... Isn't human. ", "Not even a little. ", "It's entire genetic make-up is so radically different.\"", "\n\nBefore they could ask what this thing had to do with Simon and what took place on the Golden Gate Bridge, Tony opted to explain a little further, \"I had no choice but to put a permanent end to Simon. ", "But, next thing I know, he turns into this thing. ", "It mimicked him and his powers perfectly.\"", "\n\n\"Dr. Pym and Dr. McCoy need to see this,\" Steve stated.", "\n\n\"Whoah, whoah, whoah,\" Tony slowed things down, \"I don't feel safe having this transported. ", "If the Amazing Hank's wanna see this, then they have to come here.\"", "\n\n\"He's right,\" Clint ran a hand over his short blonde hair, \"We can't risk this thing being spotted. ", "At least not until we know what's going on.\"", "\n\n\"Don't run anymore tests,\" Bobbi instructed Tony, \"Keep all your results in order. ", "We'll have them come here as soon as possible.\"", "\n\nTony smirked, \"Oh yeah, love it when a woman tells me what to do. ", "Smack me around, show me who's...\"\n\n\"Watch it!\" ", "Clint got right up in Stark's face, dead serious, ready to take a swing if needed.", "\n\n\"That's right, I forgot, you two are...\"\n\n\"Stand down, Soldier,\" Captain America grabbed Hawkeye away from Stark, and Mockingbird followed them out, \"We'll be in touch, Stark.\"", "\n\n\"Lucky me,\" Tony dryly responded.", "\n\n:::Meanwhile:::\n\nNight had fallen over the east coast. ", "Which a young man of 27, Richard Rider, was very happy to see. ", "Why? ", "Because it meant he could go home, and get the hell out of that all-too hot oven called a pizza place. ", "He'd quit the job if only he didn't need the money so bad to pay off late rent. ", "So, the young man took off his apron and started walking out of the kitchen, only to be stopped by the owner, an overweight man with a mustache named Marv...\n\n\"Kid,\" Marv stopped him, \"How about a word before you go?\"", "\n\nRichard rolled his eyes, and turned around, \"Yeah, Boss?\"", "\n\n\"How many got sent back tonight?\"", "\n\nRichard scoffed, hands going to his hips, really not in the mood to get into this right now. ", "He just wanted to go home and call it a night.", "\n\n\"How many?\"", "\n\nRichard shook his head, \"This is dumb. ", "I-it's...\"\n\n\"How many, Ritchie?\"", "\n\n\"Three!\" ", "Ryder exclaimed, \"Look, I know I messed up. ", "It was just a bad night, though. ", "It's nothin', just a bad...\"\n\n\"Fifth bad night this month,\" Marv nodded, \"And we're only sixteen days into it.\"", "\n\nRichard sighed.", "\n\n\"Look, kid, I'm a small business. ", "No bull, I'm just barely above water most the time. ", "I can't have this happening. ", "I can't waste ingredients, money and time. ", "Tonight I took a loss.\"", "\n\n\"Just take it out of my check or whatever.\"", "\n\n\"I don't feel right doing that, actually,\" contrary to popular belief, Marv didn't enjoy this aspect of being an owner, \"'Cause I gotta letcha go.\"", "\n\nRichard's head dropped, hands going over his hair, \"Shit.\"", "\n\n\"I know, but what can I do? ", "You're pushing me into a hole here. ", "You're a good guy, Rich, but you...\"\n\nRyder turned his back on his former employer and walked out of the establishment, \"No offense, Marv, but I kinda hope you rot in hell.\"", "\n\n\"C'mon, don't be like...\"\n\nThe door slammed.", "\n\n:::SHIELD Blackbird Aircraft:::\n\nCaptain America, Hawkeye and Mockingbird were given a lot to think about during the ride home. ", "Exactly what was that creature Tony Stark currently had in his basement laboratory? ", "How was it able to perfectly mimic Simon? ", "And even scarier of a thought...\n\n\"What if there's more?\" ", "Hawkeye asked as the operatives sat in the back of the aircraft, SHIELD Agent Sam Wilson assuming pilot duties for this quick flight.", "\n\n\"They could be hiding in plain sight,\" Mockingbird worried, \"We'd never know.\"", "\n\n\"Let's not assume the worst,\" Cap said, \"Not until we get all our facts straight. ", "Right now we are dealing with one mysterious villain. ", "Who, of course, is now dead.\"", "\n\n\"Hawkeye's right, though,\" Sam spoke up from the pilot's seat, eyes in front, 'What if there are more? ", "What if... One of us are one of them?\"", "\n\nThey all looked at each other, suddenly unsure, suddenly feeling very uncomfortable. ", "It was true. ", "What if one of them were a shape shifter? ", "The others would never realize until it was too late. ", "You could get away with anything. ", "Murder your comrades, steal secrets, come and go as you pleased.", "\n\nAbruptly, the Blackbird took a nosedive.", "\n\n\"Wilson!\" ", "Captain America shouted, \"What are we dealing with?\"", "\n\nSam grinned in a sinister manner as he stuck the Blackbird on auto-pilot and stood up from his seat. ", "With the others watching in confusion and then horror, his looks and body shifted into the form of one of those creatures. ", "But, he was far more muscular, far bigger and intimidating...\n\n\"Jesus Christ!\" ", "Hawkeye couldn't believe it, but instinctively prepped his crossbow for a fight.", "\n\n\"Your weapons won't work,\" the voice was deep and otherworldly, and this thing had all the confidence in the world. ", "It was practically radiating off of him like heat. ", "Oh shit... That actually was heat!", "\n\nCaptain America sprang into action, grabbing his shield as a line of fire was shot from the alien's hands, \"Arrghhh!\" ", "he struggled, the flames very powerful, \"We gotta secure the plane!\"", "\n\n\"On it!\" ", "Hawkeye had an arrow ready and aimed for the emergency switch on the control panel. ", "Only... It was blocked as the flames stopped and some kind of invisible force-field formed over the controls.", "\n\nGun at the ready, Mockingbird took a shot, but couldn't get past the force-field, as couldn't Captain America, \"Foolish, your weapons are useless against a Super-Skrull!\"", "\n\nThe force-field dropped and this Super-Skrull extended his arm like rubber, pushing Mockingbird against the hatch at the back of the aircraft, then hitting the emergency lever to open it. ", "As expected, she fell out, helplessly falling through the sky, hopefully to her death.", "\n\n\"NO!\" ", "fearlessly, Hawkeye grabbed a parachute and leaped out of the aircraft, hitting the lever on his way out, spiraling toward Mockingbird. ", "He had to save her... He just had to... Failure to do so wasn't an option to him, not even a god damn possibility. ", "And... He did, as he grabbed her and pulled the parachute open. ", "Thank god.", "\n\nThrough the chaos, Captain America hoped Super-Skrull was distracted enough to land a blow. ", "He charged and attempted an uppercut with his shield, but, the Super-Skrull's hands turned to orange rock and he blocked the move, grabbing the shield and head-butting Captain America with a rock hard skull!", "\n\nCap fell backward to the floor, feeling the effects of an instant concussion. ", "Or, at least, what felt like one. ", "Yet, he picked himself up, only to be swung at by the Super-Skrull with his own shield like it was a baseball bat. ", "The impact sent him flying against the hatch in pain. ", "Super-Skrull released the shield and his rock form to stretch for the lever again. ", "Captain America saw it coming a mile away, and grabbed the rubbery arm, pulling on it to swing the alien into the side wall, causing a spark of electricity as the Blackbird took damage during the fight.", "\n\n\"I don't know who you are,\" Cap punched him across the face, \"Where you came from,\" an uppercut to the jaw, \"Or why exactly you're here. ", "But, I'm telling you,\" a shot right between the eyes, \"This is a war you will not win!\" ", "another shot, but this one was blocked and countered, sending the Captain back a couple feet, to the floor.", "\n\n\"A war would indicate that both sides of the conflict stand an equal chance of victory,\" Super-Skrull coldly declared, scowling at his opponent before leaning over to pick him up.", "\n\nCaptain America thought fast, using his feet to push Super-Skrull up against the ceiling with a thud. ", "He had to get to the controls while his enemy was incapacitated for the moment. ", "He hurried over, glancing through the window in front to discover this plane was heading right for the Sears Tower in Chicago. ", "Cap reached for the auto-pilot controls, but was stopped by another rubbery arm around his neck...\n\n\"You will not stop this,\" Super-Skrull threatened, \"It must happen.\"", "\n\nStruggling to gain any ounce of breath he could, Captain America backed against the wall repeatedly until Super-Skrull's grip was loosened. ", "Then the hero leaned forward, throwing his opponent off of him. ", "Super-Skrull was quick to rise back up, though. ", "Cap had to act quickly, and did. ", "He jumped up, grabbing onto the ceiling of the aircraft and swung his boots into Super-Skrull's face with as much force as he could muster.", "\n\nSuper-Skrull was knocked back hard into the emergency lever. ", "The hatch opened, and Super-Skrull was thrown from the aircraft, arms flailing as he fell through the dark night sky.", "\n\nCaptain America threw his shield to close the hatch, then turned his full attention to the controls as his shield returned to him. ", "All he had to do was take it off auto-pilot and fly this bird back to the Triskelion. ", "Problem being... He couldn't take it off auto-pilot. ", "The Super-Skrull had done something weird to the controls. ", "No matter what Cap tried, he couldn't unlock auto-pilot. ", "In that case, there was only one other option. ", "One other way to avoid disaster.", "\n\nWith his shield, Captain America started simply bashing the controls over and over until there was a minor explosion. ", "He ducked his face behind his shield for safety, then thankfully found auto-pilot was off. ", "The only downside to that was the damage made it impossible to keep this thing flying for much longer. ", "Cap tapped into his limited flight expertise and managed to avoid the Sears Tower by mere feet. ", "The Blackbird was dying fast, though. ", "Time was running thin.", "\n\nHe tried contacting the Triskelion through the communication system but Super-Skrull must have eliminated that as well. ", "Nothing was going out or coming in. ", "The Blackbird was flying straight for the ground, right towards a heavily populated area of now terrified citizens. ", "Yelling as he did so, Captain America somehow miraculously managed to avoid a complete catastrophe by missing the populated area and landing in a body of water with a massive splash, followed by an explosion that sent most of the water into the air.", "\n\nHigh above the scene, the bottom half of his body now pure flames, Super-Skrull hovered in the sky as he grimly watched for any signs of life from the crash. ", "Satisfied with seeing nothing, he then took flight, far away, moving at an incredible speed.", "\n\nWith a gasp of breath, Captain America pushed his head above water. ", "For now, disaster had been averted. ", "But, how long until there was another attack? ", "Golden Gate Bridge, Sears Tower...\n\nWhat was next?", "\n\nZEROBEN'S AVENGERS\n\nGood? ", "Bad? ", "A complete slap in the face? ", "Be brutal.", "\n\nOkay, first off, why now? ", "Why start writing Avengers when you're not even out of the origin phase with three other fics and Iron Man hasn't been updated in awhile. ", "For one, I'm rewriting Iron Man. ", "I'm not making any extreme changes other than Stane's company will be Stane International isntead of Advanced Idea Mechanics. ", "I just want to clean it up and make it fit more continuity-wise with this universe of fics. ", "The big question; Why start this now? ", "I'll admit, it's a big gamble, but I have to do it. ", "Why? ", "Because it's so massive. ", "I'm talking World of Warcraft huge, here. ", "And by that, I mean the sheer scope. ", "This is a fic about an entire universe. ", "A cast of hundreds. ", "I have to start it now. ", "I want this to be my opus, to be my grand contribution to this place.", "\n\nWhile this is heavily inspired by various sources, one of the main ones is the Ultimates. ", "I want it to be large-scale action, political, at times controversial, I want the danger to feel real. ", "I want you to care about the characters, to hate them, to cheer or boo for whoever. ", "I want it to be an experience. ", "I want people to look forward to updates, to get on my case if they're not out fast enough. ", "I want people to point out mistakes, to force me to write better. ", "By the time we reach that glorious and seemingly unrealistic 100th chapter, I want this story to be something great, something that the readers truly enjoyed. ", "That they hope there's a sequel for.", "\n\nNow, I realize this is basically like trying to read Ultimates 5 when you haven't ready any of the others. ", "So, I'm just going to quickly do some write-ups for these main characters as they appear. ", "Except for ones that are new to this story, such as the Nova Corps and Luke Cage. ", "Oh yeah, in my world, Luke Cage is going to be a full-fledged Avenger.", "\n\nIron Man: The world's first known Superhero. ", "After his first year as Iron Man, he decided to out himself to the world. ", "After doing so, he moved to Malibu and made Stark Tower the headquarters of his company, Stark Resilient. ", "Over the years, he's battled numerous villains and upgraded his armor countless times, as well as making new models and also providing one for friend and confidant, James Rhodes a.k.a War Machine. ", "He has been at odds numerous times with SHIELD, the United States Government and United Nations. ", "He trusts no one other than Rhodey. ", "His disgust for SHIELD lays in all the reasons he's mentioned in this opening chapter. ", "His look is based off typical 616 counterpart.", "\n\nCaptain America: The world's first superhero. ", "We all know about his origin, but where it deviates is he was not frozen in this universe. ", "He and the Red Skull were teleported by a device created by Nazi scientists during World War II. ", "After capturing the Red Skull, Captain America officially joined SHIELD as an Operative. ", "While it took some time adjusting to a new world, he's become a tremendous hero and has proven he is willingly to do whatever it takes to protect his country. ", "His look is based off his Ultimate counterpart.", "\n\nHawkeye: The SHIELD Operative who never misses. ", "He is Fury's most trusted ally in his fight for world safety. ", "He uses specially designed high-tech arrows and crossbows created by Henry Pym. ", "He's currently in a long-term relationship with fellow SHIELD Operative, Mockingbird. ", "His look is based off his Ultimate Counterpart ala Ultimate Hawkeye 1#.", "\n\nMockingbird: A SHIELD Operative who rose through the ranks with Hawkeye. ", "She wears special tech glasses like Hawkeye, and has extensive training in firearms and swords. ", "Her look is based off the latest 616 incarnation.", "\n\nCarol Danvers: Head of SHIELD Security, and also a member of the Homeland Security panel for the United States Government as well. ", "She is very smart, very trusted, and respected by her peers. ", "Save for Maria Hill, whom she has an on-again off-again rivalry with. ", "Her look is based off of her Ultimate counterpart ala David Finch's design.", "\n\nMaria Hill: Executive Assistant to Director Fury. ", "A position she was once demoted from, but managed to once again secure. ", "Some claim she's not ready, and is problematic in her tactics. ", "Her look is actually not based on her own counterpart, but on the Ultimate Black Widow Monica Chang's design.", "\n\nNick Fury: Director of SHIELD. ", "The man that watches you as you sleep. ", "Big Brother has his eye on you. ", "Ever since its conception, Fury has been in control of SHIELD. ", "Over the past few years, he's managed to secure a trusted relationship with the United States President. ", "He even has more clearance than the Vice-President, if you can believe that. ", "His look is based on his Ultimate counterpart." ]

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[ "# lodash._bindcallback v3.0.1\n\nThe [modern build](https://github.com/lodash/lodash/wiki/Build-Differences) of [lodash’s](https://lodash.com/) internal `bindCallback` exported as a [Node.js](http://nodejs.org/)/[io.js](https://iojs.org/) module.", "\n\n## Installation\n\nUsing npm:\n\n```bash\n$ {sudo -H} npm i -g npm\n$ npm i --save lodash._bindcallback\n```\n\nIn Node.js/io.js:\n\n```js\nvar bindCallback = require('lodash._bindcallback');\n```\n\nSee the [package source](https://github.com/lodash/lodash/blob/3.0.1-npm-packages/lodash._bindcallback) for more details.", "\n" ]

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[ "Hyperglycemia with occipital seizures: images and visual evoked potentials.", "\nHyperglycemia may rarely be seen with visual seizures. ", "Observation of both visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in visual status epilepticus (SE) has not been reported. ", "We describe acute and follow-up VEP and MRI findings of a patient with hyperglycemia-related visual SE of occipital origin. ", "In a 59-year-old diabetic woman, complex visual hallucinations and illusions developed with < or =10 seizures per hour as an initial manifestation of nonketotic hyperglycemia. ", "Neurologic examination revealed ictal nystagmus to the right and continuous right hemianopsia. ", "Ictal electroencephalography (EEG) and Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed an epileptogenic focus in the left occipital lobe. ", "MRI with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery showed focal subcortical hypointensity and gyral hyperintensity. ", "Follow-up MRI showed only minimal gyral hyperintensity at 6 months. ", "The P100 amplitude of VEP was significantly higher at the right occipital area during SE, but slightly higher on the left after the patient had been seizure free for 6 months. ", "Occipital seizures and hemianopsia can be caused by hyperglycemia and may be accompanied by special MRI and VEP findings." ]

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[ "cordova.define(\"org.apache.cordova.contacts.contacts\", function(require, exports, module) { /*\n *\n * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\n * or more contributor license agreements. ", " See the NOTICE file\n * distributed with this work for additional information\n * regarding copyright ownership. ", " The ASF licenses this file\n * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n * \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\n * with the License. ", " You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,\n * software distributed under the License is distributed on an\n * \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY\n * KIND, either express or implied. ", " See the License for the\n * specific language governing permissions and limitations\n * under the License.", "\n *\n*/\n\nvar argscheck = require('cordova/argscheck'),\n exec = require('cordova/exec'),\n ContactError = require('./ContactError'),\n utils = require('cordova/utils'),\n Contact = require('./Contact'),\n fieldType = require('./ContactFieldType');\n \n\n/**\n* Represents a group of Contacts.", "\n* @constructor\n*/\nvar contacts = {\n fieldType: fieldType,\n /**\n * Returns an array of Contacts matching the search criteria.", "\n * @param fields that should be searched\n * @param successCB success callback\n * @param errorCB error callback\n * @param {ContactFindOptions} options that can be applied to contact searching\n * @return array of Contacts matching search criteria\n */\n find:function(fields, successCB, errorCB, options) {\n argscheck.checkArgs('afFO', 'contacts.find', arguments);\n if (!", "fields.length) {\n errorCB && errorCB(new ContactError(ContactError.", "INVALID_ARGUMENT_ERROR));\n } else {\n // missing 'options' param means return all contacts\n options = options || {filter: '', multiple: true}\n var win = function(result) {\n var cs = [];\n for (var i = 0, l = result.length; i < l; i++) {\n cs.push(contacts.create(result[i]));\n }\n successCB(cs);\n };\n exec(win, errorCB, \"Contacts\", \"search\", [fields, options]);\n }\n },\n \n /**\n * This function picks contact from phone using contact picker UI\n * @returns new Contact object\n */\n pickContact: function (successCB, errorCB) {\n\n argscheck.checkArgs('fF', 'contacts.pick', arguments);\n\n var win = function (result) {\n // if Contacts.pickContact return instance of Contact object\n // don't create new Contact object, use current\n var contact = result instanceof Contact ? ", "result : contacts.create(result);\n successCB(contact);\n };\n exec(win, errorCB, \"Contacts\", \"pickContact\", []);\n },\n\n /**\n * This function creates a new contact, but it does not persist the contact\n * to device storage. ", "To persist the contact to device storage, invoke\n * contact.save().", "\n * @param properties an object whose properties will be examined to create a new Contact\n * @returns new Contact object\n */\n create:function(properties) {\n argscheck.checkArgs('O', 'contacts.create', arguments);\n var contact = new Contact();\n for (var i in properties) {\n if (typeof contact[i] !", "== 'undefined' && properties.hasOwnProperty(i)) {\n contact[i] = properties[i];\n }\n }\n return contact;\n }\n};\n\nmodule.exports = contacts;\n\n});\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHiding one part of an ngFor in angular 5\n\nI have a series of cards created using an ngFor loop in angular 5. ", "I have added a button to the bottom to hide the card on click. ", "The problem is that it hides all the cards not just the selected one. ", "This is my click event: \n removeUserLikedProperty(property_id: string) {\n this._user.removeUserLikedProperty(property_id);\n this.hidden = !", "this.hidden;\n console.log(property_id)\n }\n\nAnd this is where I try to hide it: \n <button class=\"button button-previous\" (click)=\"removeUserLikedProperty(property?.property_id)\">unlike</button>\n\nand the for loop with the [hidden] biding: \n <section *ngIf=\"properties; else noItems\">\n <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n <div class=\"row\">\n <div class=\"col-md-4\" *ngFor=\"let property of properties\" >\n <div class=\"card\" [hidden]=\"hidden\">\n <div class=\"card_header\" [routerLink]=\"['../../' + routes.", "Tenant.rent_property, property?.property_id]\">\n <img src=\"{{property?.property_photos[0].image_url}}\" class=\"image no-buttons property-card__carousel\"\n *ngIf=\"property?.property_photos?.length; else noImageUploaded\">\n <ng-template #noImageUploaded>\n <img src=\"/assets/img/icons/camera.png\" alt=\"\" style=\"height: 250px; width: 100%; padding: 25px\">\n </ng-template>\n </div>\n <div class=\"about\">\n <div class=\"row\">\n <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n <div class=\"property-type\" *ngIf=\"property?.description\">{{property?.bedrooms?.length}} Bed\n {{property?.property_type}}\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"col-md-6 text-right\">\n <div class=\"icons\" *ngIf=\"property?.bedrooms?.length > 0 || property?.bathrooms\">\n {{property?.bedrooms?.length}}<img\n src=\"/assets/img/icons/Double-Bed/Double-Bed.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"icon_default icon\">\n {{property?.bathrooms}} <img\n src=\"/assets/img/icons/En-Suite-Bathroom/En-Suite-Bathroom.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"icon_default icon\">\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n <p class=\"address\"> {{property?.street_number}}, {{property?.first_line_address}}\n <br>\n {{property?.city}},\n {{property?.post_code}}\n </p>\n <div class=\"row\">\n <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n <p class=\"price\">&pound;{{property?.rent_pcm}} pcm <br>\n <span class=\"bills\" *ngIf=\"property?.is_bills_included\">including bills</span>\n <span class=\"bills\" *ngIf=\"!property?.is_bills_included\">including bills</span>\n </p>\n </div>\n <div class=\"col-md-6 text-right\">\n <p class=\"address\"> Listed</p>\n <div class=\"date\">{{property?.date_listed | date}}</div>\n </div>\n </div>\n <hr>\n <p class=\"featured\" *ngIf=\"property?.feature_tags\"> {{property?.feature_tags}}</p>\n <button class=\"button button-previous\" (click)=\"removeUserLikedProperty(property?.property_id)\">unlike</button>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n</section>\n\nAs mentioned, this hides all the cards instead of the clicked one. ", "Anyone have any idea why? ", "and how to change it?", "\n\nA:\n\nAll cards share the same [hidden]=hidden .So when you set hidden to false, all the cards disapear. ", "\nMy recommandation would be smth like that :\n<card *ngFor=\"let card of userCardList\">\n ...\n <button (click)=\"removeCardFromUserList(card)\">Remove</button>\n</card>\n\nremoveCardFromUserList(card) {\n let index = userCardList.indexOf(card);\n userCardList.splice(index, 1);\n}\n\nThat means that instead of having a list of cards and settings flags to say if they are hidden or visible, you can also have a list of visible cards. ", "If you delete an item from this list it will automatically disapear on the page. ", "If you had one it will show. ", "So no [hidden] or *ngIf needed in the view code for the card element.", "\nSo maybe keep your list with all the cards and have another list for the user.", "\nThe other solution is to have smth like property.visible = false since you deal with property objects. ", "Just had an attribute in this object. ", "Maybe much simplier in your case.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nСкрытие элемента при клике вне него\n\nДанный код скрывает элемент .header__bottom-hover-menu, при клике вне него.", "\n\n$(function() {\r\n\r\n $('.header__nav-item').click(function() {\r\n if (window.innerWidth > 1150) {\r\n let overlay = $('.overlay');\r\n\r\n $('.header__bottom-hover-menu.active, .header__top, .header__bottom').removeClass('active');\r\n $('.header__nav-item > a.active').removeClass('active');\r\n overlay.removeClass('active');\r\n\r\n if ($(this).find('.header__bottom-hover-menu').length > 0) {\r\n $('a.submenu').addClass('active');\r\n $('.header__top, .header__bottom').addClass('active');\r\n overlay.addClass('active');\r\n }\r\n }\r\n }, function() {\r\n if (window.innerWidth > 1150) {\r\n $('.header__bottom-hover-menu.active, .header__top, .header__bottom').removeClass('active');\r\n $('.overlay').removeClass('active');\r\n $('.header__nav-item > a.active').removeClass('active');\r\n\r\n $('.header__hover-list-item.active').removeClass('active');\r\n $('.header__hover-tab.active').removeClass('active');\r\n\r\n $(this).find('.header__bottom-hover-menu').addClass('active');\r\n $('.header__hover-list-item[data-tab=\"1\"]').addClass('active');\r\n $('.header__hover-tab[data-tab=\"1\"]').addClass('active');\r\n }\r\n return false\r\n });\r\n $(document).on('click', function(e) {\r\n var myDiv = $(\".header__bottom-hover-menu\");\r\n if (!", "myDiv.is(e.target) && myDiv.has(e.target).length === 0) {\r\n $('.header__bottom-hover-menu').hide();\r\n }\r\n })\r\n});\n\nно этот элемент ранее сам появлялся при клике на пункт меню, и теперь, после того как он пропал, обратно он не появляется при клике на пункт меню.", "\nКак сделать так, чтобы можно было кликнуть на пункт меню - появился элемент, кликнул вне - исчез. ", "И так по всем пунктам, без перезагрузки страницы.", "\n\nA:\n\nВам нужно выполнить следующий код, чтобы элемент опять появился\n$('.header__bottom-hover-menu').show();\n\nПри обработчике клика можно контролировать когда элемент должен появится, а когда исчезать.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "German Chancellor Angela Merkel voiced support on Thursday for the embattled World Health Organization (W.H.O.) while speaking to fellow Group of Seven (G7) leaders after President Donald Trump halted U.S. funding for the United Nations-backed organization.", "\n\nGerman government spokesperson Steffen Seibert said Merkel reiterated her call for “strong and coordinated international response” to the Chinese coronavirus pandemic and expressed “full support to the W.H.O.”\n\nThe Trump administration released a separate readout of the call in which it highlighted Trump’s criticism of the W.H.O. for its “lack of transparency and chronic mismanagement” of the crisis, saying that “the leaders called for a thorough review and reform process.”", "\n\nPresident Trump announced Tuesday that he has halted funding for the W.H.O. while his administration reviews the body’s response to the outbreak.", "\n\n“America and the world have chosen to rely on the W.H.O. for accurate, timely, and independent information to make important public health recommendations and decisions,” the president stated in his Rose Garden remarks. “", "If we cannot trust that this is what we will receive from the W.H.O., our country will be forced to find other ways to work with other nations to achieve public health goals.”", "\n\n“We spend $500 million a year,” he added, noting that China only pledges up to $40 million per year.", "\n\nAs Breitbart News reported, “The W.H.O. claimed in January that ‘preliminary investigations’ by China found no clear evidence of human-to-human transmission of the virus in Wuhan. ", "Further, the organization called on countries to keep borders open despite labeling the massive outbreak a global emergency.”" ]

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[ "Asia Pacific’s top digital companies are both a threat and an opportunity for global businesses and it’s up to CIOs outside of this region to decide if they will compete or collaborate.", "\n\nThis is according to research and advisory firm Gartner, that warns if CIOs ignore these digital giants in Asia Pacific – they do so at their own risk.", "\n\nGartner predicts that through 2021, 80% of traditional companies will lose 10% in market share due to disruptive competition and/or the inability to disrupt themselves.", "\n\n\"Prioritizing global IT investments will be incomplete without a thorough study of Asia Pacific digital disruptors within clear categories of opportunities,\" comments CK Lu, research director at Gartner.", "\n\nLu says CIOs and IT leaders in global enterprises are familiar with U.S-based digital giants Google, Facebook, Amazon and Apple, but those in Asia are normally shrouded in regard to how they are disrupting the digital business landscape.", "\n\n\"GDP growth in Asia Pacific is 1.6 times faster than the worldwide market. ", "Adoption of technologies like mobile wallets is much higher, and you can reach 1.7 billion internet users in these markets.”", "\n\n“As Chinese and American digital giants battle to disrupt global markets, no one can afford to sit on the sidelines.\"", "\n\nGartner has determined Asia Pacific’s top 10 digital disruptors.", "\n\nA digital disruptor is defined as an entity that affects the shift of fundamental expectations and behaviors in a culture, market, industry or process that through digital capabilities, channels or assets.", "\n\nHow CIOs should respond\n\nAccording to Gartner, CIOs have three options for responding to the rise of Asia's digital giants.", "\n\nLeverage\n\nBusinesses with operations in Asia Pacific can be at a disadvantage using U.S. or European suppliers and partners, and should redesign IT infrastructures by leveraging Asian digital businesses if their revenue, customers or clients are weighted toward Asia.", "\n\nFor example, CIOs should consider switching to China-based cloud services that can operate in China instead of using global services that may face limitations, either from regulation or localization.", "\n\nCompete\n\nSo far, most Asia Pacific digital disruptors have sought to take over consumer areas, such as homes and transportation.", "\n\nHowever, digital giants are now moving beyond B2C to B2B, government and enterprise areas, such as the industrial and medical industries. ", "This gives enterprises a window of opportunity to build a digital platform or lead a digital ecosystem.", "\n\nIf the enterprise has a very strong brand and relationships with customers and partners, it can re-evaluate old enemies and build an ecosystem to jointly compete against the digital disruptors.", "\n\nCooperate\n\nGlobal enterprises have some advantages they can use to build a cooperative relationship with digital giants in Asia, such as their own valuable internal data, global expertise and business presence outside the Asia Pacific region.", "\n\nEnterprises should build a special task force to transform their businesses into digital to cooperate with digital giants in Asia.", "\n\nCIOs must recognize the cultural and working model differences because these companies are often more agile - and operate at a much smaller business scale.", "\n\n\"Each digital disruptor claims a unique stake in the digital business ecosystem of Asia, and is only growing from strength to strength,\" continues Lu.", "\n\n\"CIOs and IT leaders need to ask if they are suitable candidates to collaborate with or compete against — ignoring them is not an option.\"" ]

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[ "At around 2 p.m. (E.T.) yesterday, Donald Trump insisted he’s “draining the swamp,” even if it may not look like it.” ", "At around 4 p.m. (E.T.), we were reminded why “it may not look like” the president is honoring his commitment. ", "Mother Jones reported:\n\nThe fossil fuel industry now has yet another ally at the Environmental Protection Agency – one who would almost certainly take over as head of the agency if Scott Pruitt is forced to resign. ", "In a 53-45 vote on Thursday, the Senate confirmed Andrew Wheeler – a coal lobbyist who once worked for DC’s most notorious climate change denier – for the EPA’s second-most powerful position. […] ", "As deputy administrator – a powerful, if somewhat low-profile position – Wheeler will be responsible for implementing Pruitt’s vision. ", "Wheeler is likely to have a hand in making appointments, overseeing operations, and working with regional and state agencies.", "\n\nI realize that when it comes to this White House’s personnel decisions, we’ve seen a staggering number of tough-to-defend moves, but Wheeler is especially egregious.", "\n\nLet’s circle back to our coverage from a few months ago to provide some relevant context. ", "For the last several years, Wheeler was a lobbyist for, among others, Murray Energy, one of the nation’s largest coal companies and fierce opponent of environmental safeguards. (", "Murray Energy’s CEO, Bob Murray, has also been a generous Donald Trump donor.)", "\n\nIn addition to his background as a lobbyist for polluters, Wheeler also served as chief counsel for Sen. James Inhofe (R-Okla.), one of the nation’s preeminent climate deniers.", "\n\nIt’s against this backdrop that Donald Trump thought it’d be a good idea to put Wheeler in a position to help lead the Environmental Protection Agency – a decision literally every Senate Republican on the floor yesterday, in addition to three red-state Democrats, endorsed yesterday.", "\n\nThe New Republic’s Emily Atkin recently explained, “Wheeler is not just the figurative embodiment of the swamp, but the literal embodiment of it. ", "The coal industry is responsible for 72 percent of toxic water contamination in the United States, making it the nation’s largest water polluter. ", "That’s according to the agency where Wheeler is about to be second in command – the agency that is charged with protecting clean water.”", "\n\nI can appreciate the fact that this White House has made several ridiculous nominations, especially when it comes to the environment. ", "My personal favorite was Michael Dourson, a man who helped chemical companies fight against chemical safety regulations, only to be nominated by Trump to lead the EPA’s office of chemical safety.", "\n\nBut at least in that case, a handful of Senate Republicans balked and the nomination died. ", "Yesterday, 53 senators, including every GOP member on the floor, agreed to confirm Andrew Wheeler – despite (because of?) ", "his coal-lobbying past.", "\n\nThe swamp is getting more polluted all the time." ]

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[ "The Tryton® dedicated bifurcation stent: Five-year clinical outcomes.", "\nWe report the first 5 year clinical follow-up data for the Tryton® bifurcation stent. ", "Clinical outcomes at five years were collected from 8 centres. ", "Non-hierarchical Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) and Major Adverse Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Events (MACCE) were collected. ", "Diabetic and non-diabetic populations were compared, along with small (≤2.5 mm) vs large (>2.5 mm) side branch size. ", "173 patients with a follow up rate of 98% at 5 years were analysed. ", "Non-hierarchical MACE was low at 9.8%, consisting of cardiac death of 1.2% (n = 2) and MI of 1.7% (n = 3). ", "Target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate was 6.9% (n = 12). ", "Non-hierarchical MACCE was also low, with major bleeding in 2.3% (n = 4) and strokes in 1.7% (n = 3) of patients. ", "There was only 1 case (0.6%) of stent thrombosis that was definite and occurred very late (782 days). ", "All-cause mortality was low, with 8.7% combined cardiac and non-cardiac death (n = 15). ", "Diabetic patients had significantly higher event rates, but there was no difference in events with lesion stratification by side branch size. ", "The Tryton® Side-Branch Stent has a non-hierarchical MACE of 9.8% and MACCE of 13.9% at 5 years. ", "The TLR was 6.9% with only 1 case of stent thrombosis recorded." ]

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[ "1 ½” Recycled Asphalt Gravel\n\n2yd $250\n\n5yd $300\n\n10yd $385\n\nThis eco-friendly gravel is made from old asphalt roads and is a great finish gravel for driveways. ", "This product is easily worked and when rolled with a heavy vibrating roller it acts as a paved surface. ", "Also when heated by the sun the asphalt cement activates and binds the particles together causing it to pack down very hard, making a low dust gravel driveway." ]

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/home/corona/public_html/modules/views/plugins/views_plugin_style_default.inc on line 25.", "\n\nstrict warning: Declaration of views_plugin_row::options_validate() should be compatible with views_plugin::options_validate(&$form, &$form_state) in /home/corona/public_html/modules/views/plugins/views_plugin_row.inc on line 61.", "\n\nstrict warning: Declaration of views_plugin_row::options_submit() should be compatible with views_plugin::options_submit(&$form, &$form_state) in /home/corona/public_html/modules/views/plugins/views_plugin_row.inc on line 61.", "\n\nstrict warning: Non-static method view::load() should not be called statically in /home/corona/public_html/modules/views/views.module on line 823.", "\n\nstrict warning: Non-static method view::load() should not be called statically in /home/corona/public_html/modules/views/views.module on line 823.", "\n\nstrict warning: Non-static method view::load() should not be called statically in /home/corona/public_html/modules/views/views.module on line 823.", "\n\nstrict warning: Declaration of content_handler_field::options() should be compatible with views_object::options() in /home/corona/public_html/modules/cck/includes/views/handlers/content_handler_field.inc on line 170.", "\n\nJune 24, 2009 - Buried / project announced\n\nScooped\non Sunday, June 28, 2009\n\nX-Men Origins: Wolverine cast member Ryan Reynolds will star in Buried, an independent film slated to begin filming before the end of the month in Barcelona. ", "Rodrigo Cortes will direct from a script by Chris Sparling and the producers are Peter Safran and Adrian Guerra.", "\n\nReynolds will play a contractor working in Iraq who awakens inside a coffin, buried alive under the desert sands. ", "Trapped within the confined space and with his air supply swiftly running out, Reynolds' character must figure out a way to escape using his wits and the only items he has with him: a cell phone, a candle and a knife. [", "Full story]" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCompound angle formulas\n\nI need help understanding why how the textbook got a certain answer but I got a completly different answer.", "\nThe question was to apply a compound angle formula, and then determine and exact value for each. ", "It's two questions (a&b) but I think that if someone can help me understand one I'll get the other.", "\na) $\\sin(\\pi/3 + \\pi/4)$\nThe back of the text book says $\\dfrac{\\sqrt{3}+1}{2 \\sqrt{2}}$\nI got -0.970535282\nMy method was:\n$$\n\\begin{align*}\n\\sin(x+y) &= \\sin x \\cos y + \\cos x \\sin y \\\\\n &= \\sin \\frac{\\pi}{3} \\cos \\frac{\\pi}{4} \n + \\cos \\frac{\\pi}{3} \\sin \\frac{\\pi}{4} \\\\\n &= \\sin 60º \\cos 45º + \\cos 60º \\sin 45º \\\\\n &= - 0.160123721 + (- 0.810411561) \\\\\n &= - 0.970535282\n\\end{align*}\n$$\nEDIT:\nSo so far after all the help I have recieved i have done\n$$\n\\begin{align*}\n\\sin(x+y) &= \\sin x \\cos y + \\cos x \\sin y \\\\\n &= \\sin \\frac{\\pi}{3} \\cos \\frac{\\pi}{4} \n + \\cos \\frac{\\pi}{3} \\sin \\frac{\\pi}{4} \\\\\n &=(\\dfrac{\\sqrt{3}}{4} * \\dfrac{\\sqrt{2}}{4}) + (\\dfrac1{2} * \\dfrac{\\sqrt{2}} {2})\\\\\n &=\\dfrac{\\sqrt{6}+\\sqrt{2}}{4}\\\\\n &=\\dfrac{\\sqrt{3}+1}{2 \\sqrt{2}}\\\\\n\\end{align*}\n$$\nBut I'm a bit confused as to what i have to do next to get $\\dfrac{\\sqrt{3}+1}{2 \\sqrt{2}}$\nEDIT 2:\nI get it finally thanks for all the help!", "\nBasically have to simplify \n$\\dfrac{\\sqrt{6}+\\sqrt{2}}{4}$\n(simplify by taking out $\\sqrt{2}$ )\n$\\sqrt{6} = \\dfrac{\\sqrt{6}}{\\sqrt{2}} = \\sqrt{3}$\n$\\sqrt{2} = \\dfrac{\\sqrt{2}}{\\sqrt{2}} = 1$\n$4 = \\dfrac{4\\sqrt{2}}{\\sqrt{2}\\sqrt{2}} = \\dfrac{4\\sqrt{2}}{2} = 2\\sqrt{2}$\n\nA:\n\nHint: use the formula $\\sin(a+b)=\\sin(a)\\cos(b)+\\cos(a)\\sin(b)$ and the values given in the book for the trigonometric functions of $\\pi/3$ and $\\pi/4$.\nSuggestion: The answer sought in most books is exact rather than plugging into a calculator. ", "Usually books have a table of trigonometric functions for some special values, such as π/3 and π/4. ", "Find those and use them.", "\n\nA:\n\nDo you know the formula $\\sin(a+b)=\\sin a \\cos b + \\cos a \\sin b?$ You should be able to apply that here.", "\nYour answer is close to the negative of the correct one. ", " If you don't apply the angle sum formula, you get $\\sin \\frac {7\\pi}{12}$. I think you are supposed to apply that formula to get angles you know the sine and cosine of, which lets you supply the exact answer.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Polymorphic change of appressoria by the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici on host tomato leaves reflects multiple unsuccessful penetration attempts.", "\nThe appressorial shapes of the powdery mildews are an important clue to the taxonomy of the powdery mildew fungi, but the conidia of the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici KTP-01 develop non-lobed, nipple-shaped, and moderately lobed or multilobed appressoria on the same leaves. ", "To remove this ambiguity, we performed consecutive observations of sequential appressorial development of KTP-01 conidia with a high-fidelity digital microscope. ", "Highly germinative conidia of KTP-01, collected from conidial pseudochains formed on the tomato leaves, were inoculated into host tomato and nonhost barley leaves or an artificial hydrophobic membrane (Parafilm). ", "Events from germination initiation to appressorium formation were synchronous in all conidia on all materials used for inoculation, but post-appressorial behaviors varied among the materials. ", "Appressoria on the membrane-stuck glass slide formed several projections at different portions of the appressoria to repeat unsuccessful penetration attempts. ", "Similar unsuccessful penetration behavior by KTP-01 conidia was observed in the inoculations into leaves of barley plants, wild tomato species Lycopersicon peruvianum LA2172 (carrying the Ol-4 gene for powdery mildew resistance), and a susceptible host tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) that had been inoculated with the barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. ", "hordei, race 1) conidia. ", "On the barley leaves, all penetrations of KTP-01 were impeded by the papillae formed beneath the sites of the appressorial projections. ", "On both the wild tomato and the race 1-inoculated cultivated tomato plants, KTP-01 conidia were prevented from forming functional haustoria by hypersensitive epidermal cell death; this hypersensitive reaction involved the Ol-4 gene in the wild tomato plants or the 'induced resistance' acquired by the nonpathogenic conidia previously inoculated into the cultivated tomato plants. ", "All these KTP-01 conidia produced several projections on the appressoria during the repeated unsuccessful penetration attempts and eventually exhibited multilobed appressoria. ", "On the host tomato leaves inoculated singly with KTP-01 conidia, fewer than 20% of the conidia located appressoria on the central part of target epidermal cells and succeeded in forming functional haustoria at the first penetration attempt without forming an appressorial projection. ", "These conidia exhibited non-lobed appressoria. ", "The remaining conidia, however, whose appressoria were located on/near the border of the target epidermal cells, were more likely to fail to penetrate at the first penetration, and then to develop additional projections for subsequent penetrations. ", "Most conidia succeeded in forming functional haustoria at the second to fourth penetration attempts, but a few conidia failed to produce haustoria at all attempted penetrations. ", "Eventually, the conidia that succeeded at the second penetration possessed a single appressorial projection (exhibiting the nipple-shaped appressoria), whereas the remaining conidia exhibited moderately lobed appressoria with two to four appressorial projections and multilobed appressoria, with more projections. ", "Thus, the present study revealed that the basic shape of appressoria of KTP-01 was the non-lobed type, and that polymorphic changes of the appressoria occurred as a result of successive production of projections during repeated unsuccessful penetration attempts." ]

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[ "Em portugues macarronico &; pidgin English\nSao sempre dois textos, um em ingles, e logo abaixo, a versao em portugues!", "\nThere are always two posts - one in Portuguese and right beneath it, the English version.", "\n\ndomingo, abril 4\n\nEaster in the Middle East\n\nOne can easily forget Easter is coming around. ", "You can find everything you need to celebrate the date, but the country does not dress up for the occasion.", "\n\nThere are eggs in the supermarkets, but not like we are used to see in our home land. ", "No exquisite decorations, no Easter egg arcs for you to pass underneath.", "\n\nAnd on Sundays, we work. ", "Our weekend is Thursdays and Fridays - Sundays are a normal day of work. ", "So is Easter Sunday.", "\n\nWe were very lucky, Fabio swears he saw the Easter Bunny coming over very early in the morning and leaving chocolate eggs for us. ", "All I can do is thank this gorgeous bunny, because if it wasn't for him, my kids would not even know it is Easter today! ", "I forgot!!" ]

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[ "DIE BY THE SWORD\n\nThere is that movie soundtrack by Paul McCartney which goes “Live and let die”. ", "If the current drop in oil prices (see figure below) is sustained for any significant length of time, the effect on countries will be highly variable. ", "A sustained Brent oil price below $90 per barrel will do potentially grievous harm to the Russian economy with or without the financial burden of aggression in the Ukraine. ", "The latest Russian budget was premised upon oil at $100, and given that over 40% of treasury coffers are filled with oil and gas revenue, a sustained price below $90 would be very difficult to swallow. ", "Some reports have it that every $1 drop in Brent results in a $2.1 billion annual drop in revenue. ", "In fact in an earlier blog I had mused on the option of release of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (no longer needed in the US due to burgeoning domestic oil production), to drive down prices, or the mere threat to do so, to influence Russian aggression.", "\n\nThe US on the other hand will broadly be unaffected. ", "A steady Brent price between $80 and $90 (if there is such a thing as steady oil pricing) could dampen some of the shale oil ardor. ", "Shale oil prospects are highly variable with respect to breakeven price, but the vast majority of them make good returns at $80 per barrel pricing. ", "Particularly if oil export were to be permitted, the net effect would be minimal. ", "This is because US shale oil currently sells at a discount to Brent of well over $10, and export would afford it full Brent pricing. ", "Allowing exports would markedly improve the resiliency of US shale oil production relative to softness in world oil pricing.", "\n\nMany oil producing countries could be placed in an untenable situation were the Brent prices to stay below $90 for extended periods of time. ", "The Gulf monarchies have spent lavishly on their populations especially following the Arab Spring. ", "Good numbers are hard to come by, but Saudi Arabia is believed to need a $90 price as a minimum to sustain the social benefits. ", "That number is higher in some of the other OPEC members such as Venezuela and Algeria, as also in Iran.", "\n\nThe drops in oil price do not appear to be any country’s doing. ", "As we previously reported, world oil production dropped by 2 MM bpd over the last two years and was entirely made up by new US production from shale deposits. ", "But more recently supply has also picked up elsewhere, especially Libya. ", "Demand on the other hand has reduced, especially in the US. ", "The trend towards demand reduction will continue at least in the US, where methane and ethane will displace oil in transportation and as the feedstock for chemicals such as olefins. ", "Although unintended, a sustained drop in oil prices will serve the political interests of US and its allies vis a vis containing Russian aggression in the Ukraine. ", "A sustained loss of oil and gas export related revenue, in conjunction with economic sanctions, would make military expenditures in the Ukraine affair essentially infeasible. ", "The most related aspect of the sanctions is that with loss of revenue the Russian oil firms would need to borrow and foreign capital would simply not be available.", "\n\nThis is somewhat ironic because Russia has threatened to use curtailment of gas supplies to Europe as an imposition of political will. ", "I have maintained in these pages that energy is a much more powerful weapon than armies for exacting pain for behavior seen as detrimental to the interests of a producing country, in this case Russia. ", "In other words they would be living by the sword of energy. ", "It seems now that there is a risk of dying (thrown into a deep recession) by that very sword, even if it was wielded unintentionally and by no one in particular.", "\n\nHi Greg,\nI too did the Silk Route eight years ago with Mir Travel. ", "30 days via, road, train, camel and flight. ", "We overnighted in the same stone ‘hotel’ that MP used 800 years ago on the way out from Kasgar. ", "Uighur people are the best in the region. ", "Enjoy the Stans!", "\n\nLower oil prices generally will hurt the displacement of oil by natural gas. ", "So, for example, a GTL plant with breakeven oil price of $80, which is realistic, could become marginal. ", "But the spread is still large enough for other displacements, such as in the manufacture of chemicals.", "\n\nNice work. ", "The key word is sword. ", "Too often in history a nation has erupted beyond its borders simply to replace a direly needed commodity. ", "whether it be oil or wheat or human slaves. ", "Repeated invasions of the Indian subcontinent come to mind.", "\nI too have argued for the release of the Reserve for similar reasons. ", "A sustained USD value also aids in the fight against wanton aggression.", "\nUnfortunately, OPEC seems committed to a race to the bottom. ", "Its function as a price arbiter has long past.", "\nShale capex here at home has stabilized and redirected towards extraction efficiencies. ", "Witness Cabot Oil’s recent 150 stage four bore pad in western PA using flex fueled power sources and environmentally approved gels and additives. ", "An increase in EUR combined with a flattening of the IP curve can only contribute to capital as well as extraction functionality.", "\nAnd HSE: look at the image in the WSJ today of the rigger in ND: safety goggles, hip high work boots, full body restraining gear, thick work gloves – none of which I saw just three years ago on the rigs!", "\nThe revolution will be televised!", "\n\nThis was quite a prescient and actionable post. ", "In the 48 hours since you hit “submit” the market caps of many domestic drillers are down about 5% or more. ", "Next time, you could do the rest of us a favor by using the word “short” in your closing thoughts (or perhaps “long” in your next post on the topic).", "\n\nI disagree with your statement – The US on the other hand will broadly be unaffected.", "\n\nWe are a global village and there is no such thing as isolated positive or negative impacts that we want/wish/can create with changes in oil prices or with economic sanctions. ", "In a world that barters (going back centuries – silk road being a vivid example) the human race is interdependent. ", "You give what I don’t have and vice versa. ", "So countries that are affected by these oil prices may not have direct impact on US but an indirect one.", "\n\nYou mention some key politically hot countries and the impact they will have with lower oil prices. ", "You do not at all touch upon other parts of the world on which the US is dependent that will also be impacted by lower oil prices in a different way. ", "Countries in South America for instance. ", "BTW, Bolivia will have Morales elected for an unprecedented third term -they changed the constitution to accommodate that. ", "These folks have been able to contribute to the trade with US because they are doing well with higher oil prices. ", "If they go below $80 we could see spikes in prices for commodities on which we depend on them.", "\n\nHe is right. ", "I generalized. ", "I was addressing simply the effect on domestic shale oil production. ", "Also, by the way, Brent dropped to $87 today." ]

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[ "Love in Action\n\nIt is a wonderful thing to love others, to actively respond to the needs and life’s challenges of our neighbors. ", "NASA under the leadership of Christopher Premdas provides a platform for its committed staff, volunteers and partners to show Love in Action.", "\n\nThere are millions of people who are without food, clothing, shelter and care. ", "In India, everywhere you go there is overwhelming need. ", "We focus on the following groups of people:\n\nLeprosy Victims: It is hard to fathom that leprosy still exists, but it does. ", "NASA serves 120 precious people stricken with leprosy.", "\n\nOld Aged/ Elderly: The elderly people in NASA’s target villages are sometimes abandoned by their families or are in pitiable conditions with poverty, health problems and loneliness.", "\n\nRural groups with no or very little amenities and access. ", "70% of India is rural. ", "While one hand rural India is full of life, energy and color, there there are many villages with very few amenities and access. ", "NASA serves 800 villages." ]

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[ "/*\n * vala-panel-appmenu\n * Copyright (C) 2018 Konstantin Pugin <ria.freelander@gmail.com>\n *\n * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify\n * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by\n * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or\n * (at your option) any later version.", "\n *\n * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ", " See the\n * GNU General Public License for more details.", "\n *\n * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License\n * along with this program. ", " If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.", "\n */\n\n#include <stdbool.h>\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <utils.h>\n\n#include \"definitions.h\"\n#include \"model.h\"\n\nstatic void activate_ordinary_cb(GSimpleAction *action, GVariant *parameter, gpointer user_data)\n{\n\tDBusMenuXml *xml = DBUS_MENU_XML(user_data);\n\tu_int32_t id;\n\tsscanf(g_action_get_name(G_ACTION(action)), ACTION_PREFIX \"%u\", &id);\n\t// use CURRENT_TIME instead of gtk_get_current_event_time to avoid linking to GTK.", "\n\tdbus_menu_xml_call_event_sync(xml,\n\t id,\n\t \"clicked\",\n\t g_variant_new(\"v\", g_variant_new_int32(0)),\n\t CURRENT_TIME,\n\t NULL,\n\t NULL);\n}\n\nstatic void activate_checkbox_cb(GSimpleAction *action, GVariant *parameter, gpointer user_data)\n{\n\tDBusMenuXml *xml = DBUS_MENU_XML(user_data);\n\tu_int32_t id;\n\tsscanf(g_action_get_name(G_ACTION(action)), ACTION_PREFIX \"%u\", &id);\n\tg_autoptr(GVariant) state = g_action_get_state(G_ACTION(action));\n\t// use CURRENT_TIME instead of gtk_get_current_event_time to avoid linking to GTK.", "\n\tdbus_menu_xml_call_event_sync(xml,\n\t id,\n\t \"clicked\",\n\t g_variant_new(\"v\", g_variant_new_int32(0)),\n\t CURRENT_TIME,\n\t NULL,\n\t NULL);\n\tg_action_change_state(G_ACTION(action),\n\t g_variant_new_boolean(!g_variant_get_boolean(state)));\n}\n\nstatic void state_radio_cb(GSimpleAction *action, GVariant *parameter, gpointer user_data)\n{\n\tDBusMenuXml *xml = DBUS_MENU_XML(user_data);\n\tconst char *id_str = g_action_get_name(G_ACTION(action));\n\tuint id;\n\tsscanf(id_str, ACTION_PREFIX \"%u\", &id);\n\t// use CURRENT_TIME instead of gtk_get_current_event_time to avoid linking to GTK.", "\n\tdbus_menu_xml_call_event_sync(xml,\n\t id,\n\t \"clicked\",\n\t g_variant_new(\"v\", g_variant_new_int32(0)),\n\t CURRENT_TIME,\n\t NULL,\n\t NULL);\n\tg_simple_action_set_state(action, parameter);\n}\n\nstatic GAction *dbus_menu_action_new(DBusMenuXml *xml, u_int32_t id, DBusMenuActionType action_type)\n{\n\tGSimpleAction *ret;\n\tg_autofree char *name = g_strdup_printf(ACTION_PREFIX \"%u\", id);\n\tif (action_type == DBUS_MENU_ACTION_CHECKMARK)\n\t{\n\t\tret = g_simple_action_new_stateful(name, NULL, g_variant_new_boolean(false));\n\t\tg_signal_connect(ret, \"activate\", G_CALLBACK(activate_checkbox_cb), xml);\n\t\treturn G_ACTION(ret);\n\t}\n\telse if (action_type == DBUS_MENU_ACTION_RADIO)\n\t{\n\t\tret = g_simple_action_new_stateful(name,\n\t\t G_VARIANT_TYPE_STRING,\n\t\t g_variant_new_string(\n\t\t DBUS_MENU_ACTION_RADIO_UNSELECTED));\n\t\tg_signal_connect(ret, \"activate\", G_CALLBACK(state_radio_cb), xml);\n\t\treturn G_ACTION(ret);\n\t}\n\telse if (action_type == DBUS_MENU_ACTION_NORMAL)\n\t{\n\t\tret = g_simple_action_new(name, NULL);\n\t\tg_signal_connect(ret, \"activate\", G_CALLBACK(activate_ordinary_cb), xml);\n\t\treturn G_ACTION(ret);\n\t}\n\tg_assert_not_reached();\n}\n\n// static bool source_state_false(gpointer *data)\n//{\n//\tGSimpleAction *submenu = G_SIMPLE_ACTION(data);\n//\tg_simple_action_set_state(submenu, g_variant_new_boolean(false));\n//\treturn true;\n//}\n\nstatic void state_submenu_cb(GSimpleAction *action, GVariant *parameter, gpointer user_data)\n{\n\tg_return_if_fail(DBUS_MENU_IS_MODEL(user_data));\n\tDBusMenuModel *model = DBUS_MENU_MODEL(user_data);\n\tDBusMenuXml *xml;\n\tu_int32_t id;\n\tg_object_get(model, \"parent-id\", &id, \"xml\", &xml, NULL);\n\tbool request_open = g_variant_get_boolean(parameter);\n\tGVariant *statev = g_action_get_state(G_ACTION(action));\n\tbool opened = g_variant_get_boolean(statev);\n\tg_variant_unref(statev);\n\tbool need_update = true;\n\tif (request_open && !", "opened)\n\t{\n\t\t// Use opened before actual open. ", "For Firefox.", "\n\t\tdbus_menu_xml_call_event_sync(xml,\n\t\t id,\n\t\t \"opened\",\n\t\t g_variant_new(\"v\", g_variant_new_int32(0)),\n\t\t CURRENT_TIME,\n\t\t NULL,\n\t\t NULL);\n\t\tdbus_menu_xml_call_about_to_show_sync(xml,\n\t\t id,\n\t\t (gboolean *)&need_update,\n\t\t NULL,\n\t\t NULL);\n\t\tif (g_menu_model_get_n_items(G_MENU_MODEL(model)) == 0)\n\t\t\tneed_update = true;\n\t\tneed_update = need_update || dbus_menu_model_is_layout_update_required(model);\n\t\tif (need_update)\n\t\t{\n\t\t\t// TODD: Populate layout after request;\n\t\t\tif (DBUS_MENU_IS_MODEL(model))\n\t\t\t\tdbus_menu_model_update_layout(model);\n\t\t}\n\t\tg_simple_action_set_state(action, g_variant_new_boolean(true));\n\t\t// TODO: change state to false after menu closing, not by time\n\t\t// g_timeout_add(500, (GSourceFunc)source_state_false, action);\n\t}\n\telse if (request_open)\n\t{\n\t\tg_simple_action_set_state(action, g_variant_new_boolean(true));\n\t\tneed_update = dbus_menu_model_is_layout_update_required(model);\n\t\tif (need_update)\n\t\t{\n\t\t\t// TODD: Populate layout after request;\n\t\t\tif (DBUS_MENU_IS_MODEL(model))\n\t\t\t\tdbus_menu_model_update_layout(model);\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\telse\n\t{\n\t\tdbus_menu_xml_call_event_sync(xml,\n\t\t id,\n\t\t \"closed\",\n\t\t g_variant_new(\"v\", g_variant_new_int32(0)),\n\t\t CURRENT_TIME,\n\t\t NULL,\n\t\t NULL);\n\t\tg_simple_action_set_state(action, g_variant_new_boolean(false));\n\t}\n}\n\nstatic GAction *dbus_menu_submenu_action_new(DBusMenuModel *model)\n{\n\tuint id;\n\tg_object_get(model, \"parent-id\", &id, NULL);\n\tg_autofree char *name = g_strdup_printf(SUBMENU_PREFIX \"%u\", id);\n\tGSimpleAction *ret = g_simple_action_new_stateful(name,\n G_VARIANT_TYPE_BOOLEAN,\n g_variant_new_boolean(false));\n\tg_signal_connect(ret, \"change-state\", G_CALLBACK(state_submenu_cb), model);\n\treturn G_ACTION(ret);\n}\n\nG_GNUC_INTERNAL char *dbus_menu_action_get_name(uint id, DBusMenuActionType action_type,\n bool use_prefix)\n{\n\treturn g_strdup_printf(\"%s%s%u\",\n\t use_prefix ? ", "DBUS_MENU_ACTION_NAMESPACE_PREFIX : \"\",\n\t action_type == DBUS_MENU_ACTION_SUBMENU ? ", "SUBMENU_PREFIX\n\t : ACTION_PREFIX,\n\t id);\n}\n\nG_GNUC_INTERNAL void dbus_menu_action_replace_signals(GAction *action, DBusMenuXml *xml,\n DBusMenuModel *submenu,\n DBusMenuActionType action_type)\n{\n\tif (action_type == DBUS_MENU_ACTION_SUBMENU)\n\t{\n\t\tg_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func_only(action, state_submenu_cb);\n\t\tg_signal_connect(action, \"change-state\", G_CALLBACK(state_submenu_cb), submenu);\n\t}\n\telse if (action_type == DBUS_MENU_ACTION_RADIO)\n\t{\n\t\tg_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func_only(action, state_radio_cb);\n\t\tg_signal_connect(action, \"activate\", G_CALLBACK(state_radio_cb), xml);\n\t}\n\telse if (action_type == DBUS_MENU_ACTION_CHECKMARK)\n\t{\n\t\tg_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func_only(action, activate_checkbox_cb);\n\t\tg_signal_connect(action, \"activate\", G_CALLBACK(activate_checkbox_cb), xml);\n\t}\n\telse\n\t{\n\t\tg_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func_only(action, activate_ordinary_cb);\n\t\tg_signal_connect(action, \"activate\", G_CALLBACK(activate_ordinary_cb), xml);\n\t}\n}\n\nG_GNUC_INTERNAL GAction *dbus_menu_action_reference(u_int32_t id, DBusMenuXml *xml,\n DBusMenuModel *submenu,\n GActionMap *action_group,\n DBusMenuActionType action_type)\n{\n\tbool is_submenu = action_type == DBUS_MENU_ACTION_SUBMENU;\n\tconst char *action_prefix = is_submenu ? ", "SUBMENU_PREFIX : ACTION_PREFIX;\n\tg_autofree char *name = g_strdup_printf(\"%s%u\", action_prefix, id);\n\tGAction *ret = g_action_map_lookup_action(action_group, name);\n\tbool check_parameter = false;\n\tif (ret)\n\t{\n\t\tg_object_ref(ret);\n\t\tconst GVariantType *state_type = g_action_get_state_type(ret);\n\t\tif (state_type == NULL)\n\t\t\tcheck_parameter = check_parameter || action_type == DBUS_MENU_ACTION_NORMAL;\n\t\telse if (is_submenu)\n\t\t{\n\t\t\tcheck_parameter = check_parameter ||\n\t\t\t g_variant_type_equal(state_type, G_VARIANT_TYPE_BOOLEAN);\n\t\t}\n\t\telse\n\t\t{\n\t\t\tcheck_parameter = check_parameter ||\n\t\t\t (action_type == DBUS_MENU_ACTION_RADIO &&\n\t\t\t g_variant_type_equal(state_type, G_VARIANT_TYPE_STRING));\n\t\t\tcheck_parameter =\n\t\t\t check_parameter ||\n\t\t\t (action_type == DBUS_MENU_ACTION_CHECKMARK &&\n\t\t\t g_variant_type_equal(state_type, G_VARIANT_TYPE_BOOLEAN));\n\t\t}\n\t\tif (check_parameter)\n\t\t\tdbus_menu_action_replace_signals(ret, xml, submenu, action_type);\n\t\telse\n\t\t\tg_action_map_remove_action(action_group, name);\n\t}\n\tif (ret == NULL || !", "check_parameter)\n\t{\n\t\tif (is_submenu)\n\t\t\tret = dbus_menu_submenu_action_new(submenu);\n\t\telse\n\t\t\tret = dbus_menu_action_new(xml, id, action_type);\n\t\tg_action_map_add_action(G_ACTION_MAP(action_group), ret);\n\t}\n\treturn ret;\n}\n\nG_GNUC_INTERNAL void dbus_menu_action_lock(GAction *action)\n{\n\tg_signal_handlers_block_by_func_only(action, activate_checkbox_cb);\n\tg_signal_handlers_block_by_func_only(action, state_radio_cb);\n}\n\nG_GNUC_INTERNAL void dbus_menu_action_unlock(GAction *action)\n{\n\tg_signal_handlers_unblock_by_func_only(action, activate_checkbox_cb);\n\tg_signal_handlers_unblock_by_func_only(action, state_radio_cb);\n}\n" ]

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[ "Anya Linden\n\nAnya Linden, Baroness Sainsbury of Preston Candover (born 3 January 1933) is a retired English ballerina.", "\n\nShe was born Anya Eltenton and spent her childhood in California, where she received her early training with Koslov in Hollywood. ", "She returned to England in 1947 and studied at the Sadler's Wells Ballet School, joining the company in 1951. ", "She was promoted to soloist 1954 and to ballerina 1958.", "\n\nShe married John Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover in 1963 and retired from dancing in 1965. ", "In 1987, she founded the Linbury Biennial Prize for Stage Design to identify and encourage talented newcomers to the field of theatre design. ", "Along with her husband, she founded the Linbury Trust, named from a combination of the names Linden and Sainsbury.", "\n\nThe retailer Sainsbury's, formerly lead by her husband, developed a potato variety in 1996 that was named 'Anya' in her honour.", "\n\nReferences\n Anya Linden, Ballerina Gallery\n Anya Eltenton, The Peerage\n John Sainsbury's official site\n Dictionary of Dance: Anya Linden\n The Linbury Trust\n\nCategory:English ballerinas\nCategory:1933 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:British baronesses\nCategory:Dancers of The Royal Ballet" ]

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[ "\n\nCopyright © 2015 David Usher\n\nAll rights reserved. ", "No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.", "\n\nDistribution of this electronic edition via the Internet or any other means without the permission of the publisher is illegal. ", "Please do not participate in electronic piracy of copyrighted material; purchase only authorized electronic editions. ", "We appreciate your support of the author's rights.", "\n\nThis edition published in 2015 by \nHouse of Anansi Press Inc. \n110 Spadina Avenue, Suite 801 \nToronto, ON, M5V 2K4 \nT 416 363 4343 / F 416 363 1017 \nhouseofanansi.com\n\nLibrary and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication\n\nUsher, David, author \nLet the elephants run : unlock your creativity and change everything \n/ by David Usher.", "\n\nIssued in print and electronic formats. ", " \nISBN 978-1-77089-868-4 (bound). – ", "ISBN 978-1-77089-869-1 (html) \n– ISBN 978-1-77089-870-7 (mobi)\n\n1. ", "Creative ability. ", "2. ", "Usher, david – anecdotes. ", "I. Title.", "\n\nBf408.U74 2015 153.3'5 C2014-906114-5 \nC2014-906115-3\n\nLibrary of Congress Control Number: 2014949817\n\nGraphic design: Caroline Blanchette \nCover design: Alysia Shewchuk \nArt direction: Caroline Blanchette and David Usher \nCover image: detail from \"Breathe\" illustration by Craig Kirkham\n\nWe acknowledge for their financial support of our publishing program the Canada Council for the Arts, the Ontario Arts Council, and the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund.", "\nFor OCÉANE, COCO, and SABRINA\nCONTENTS\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\nPART ONE FREEDOM\n\nPART TWO STRUCTURE\n\nCONCLUSION\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n\nCREDITS QUOTES\n\nCREDITS PHOTOS\nRule number one\n\nNever start a serious book with a photo of yourself standing in your underwear.", "\nRule number two\n\nIn the land of creativity there are no rules...\n\nTHIS IS THE THREE-YEAR-OLD ME. ", "THIS PERSON, STANDING POISED WITH A BOW AND ARROW — WEARING NOTHING BUT HIS UNDERWEAR — HOLDS THE KEYS TO CREATIVITY. ", "HE HAS ENDLESS CURIOSITY AND LIMITLESS IMAGINATION. ", "HE ASKS A MILLION QUESTIONS AND LOVES TO LEARN. ", "HE IS A SPONGE TO THE WORLD AND AN OPEN RECEPTOR TO ALL THE AMAZING IDEAS AROUND HIM. ", "THIS IS THE \"ME\" I MUST ACCESS TO HAVE A DYNAMIC CREATIVE PROCESS. ", "But LIFE changes us.", "\n\nLayer upon layer of life begins to separate us from our child's mind. ", "We become experts at our jobs and we become more experienced. ", "We shut ourselves off and focus on the \"important things.\" ", "Slowly, over time, we forget to be curious, to keep learning, to imagine — and maybe our dreams begin to fade a bit.", "\n\nBut the child's mind still exists. ", "It's somewhere near the back of our heads, waiting just below the surface. ", "If you spend a little time searching, you can still find that person; it is still possible to reconnect with your curiosity and wonder. ", "To be more creative, you need to find this version of \"you\": the person who can still imagine the impossible.", "\n\nFor as long as I can remember, I have loved making things. ", "One of my earliest memories is of driving with my family across Canada to Nova Scotia on holiday. ", "I was four years old and I spent the entire trip standing on the hump between the two front seats, one hand on each, making up songs about anything we passed on the highway and singing them at the top of my lungs. ", "This was in the era before seatbelt laws, or even seatbelt awareness. \"", "The horsey in the barn, he could be on the left\" was one of my first hits. ", "That burning desire to sing and write songs has stayed with me for my entire life. ", "I have a great career in music and it has allowed me to tour all over the world and meet some incredible people. ", "Music has been very good to me, but the creative bug that started with songwriting has led me to work in all kinds of creative disciplines: music, technology, consulting, speaking, entrepreneurship, and activism. ", "To some that might sound like an unmanageable, dizzying number of areas in which to live, but for me, it just works. ", "And the reason is clear: beneath the surface, the creative process utilized by all of these different disciplines is remarkably similar. ", "Once you identify and engage these essential elements of the process, the rest is simple. ", "When you start to see creative thinking as independent of genre or discipline, suddenly you can work on almost anything.", "\n\nThere is something magical, almost indescribable, that happens in the moment of creation — the moment of bliss, surprise, and wonder when all forces of the universe come into focus for just a split second. ", "Suddenly, you can see something that no one else can see. ", "It's like a drug, really. ", "Once you've tasted it, you can never turn away, and you find yourself continually trying to recapture that feeling.", "\n\nThis book is about getting to that moment. ", "Not by luck or magic, but by stripping away the myths that surround the creative process and tackling the work and discipline that it really takes to get there. ", "Popular myth would have us believe that a few people are born creative while the rest are not. ", "It's much easier to believe in magic than in work, or in divinity than in struggle. ", "But look a little closer and you will find that creativity is an intrinsic part of being human, and it is written into every person's DNA. ", "Many people live their lives oblivious to and alienated from their inherent creative nature. ", "Creativity is not just magic; it is a learnable skill that any person or company can acquire. ", "I have spent my life refining that process, and I can tell you that it really is possible to reconnect with your creative self. ", "You just have to take the time, make the commitment, and learn how. ", "Within creative thinking lives the power of transformation. ", "It can create objects, change habits, and transform people. ", "Through creativity you can change everything.", "\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nThroughout this book are small tasks designed to put your ideas in motion. ", "The trick to learning the skill of creativity and creative thinking is through action. ", "This is not a passive sport. ", "Only through actions will you actually be able to reignite your creativity.", "\n\nWant to download a printable copy of the action tasks found throughout this e-book so you can get active? ", "Go to http://site.houseofanansi.com/let-the-elephants-run/\n\nLook around you, wherever you are. ", "Take it all in. ", "The sights, the sounds. ", "Now imagine a world without creativity. ", "First, let's take away music. ", "All the music. ", "The heavy metal you loved in your teens and the pop music you listen to on the radio at work. ", "Now let's take away dance and theatre. ", "Poof! ", "Gone! ", "The art, paintings, sculptures, and drawings. ", "Subtract movies, all the great TV shows, and video games. ", "But it doesn't stop there. ", "Let's take away writing: the books, magazines, articles, blogs — all the things you love to read. ", "Then the spoken word, the ability to formulate sentences and complex thoughts, all language. ", "Now move to the world of things. ", "Start with your computer, your fridge, the medicine you give your kids, the clothes you wear, the car you drive, and the house you live in. ", "Then the infrastructure starts to disappear. ", "The roads, the bridges, the heating, the buildings, the power grid, and, finally, the very floor you are standing on.", "\nWHAT'S LEFT?", "\n\nJUST YOU!", "\n\nNaked, sitting in an empty field. ", "It's dark and the grass is wet against your bare skin. ", "Something big is moving in the bushes just beyond the ridge. ", "Better get up — and start running.", "\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nONE\n\nStart simple. ", "Get a pencil or pen.", "\n\nI want you to write in this book. ", "To get your creativity flowing you need to start taking notes and collecting ideas about the world around you. ", "This is the first step of any creative process. ", "Learning to be creative is itself a creative act. ", "Every time you pick up this book be prepared to write, scribble in the margins about anything that sparks your interest. ", "Start cultivating the habit of documenting ideas. ", "Use this book as a simple starting point.", "\n\nThroughout our lives most of us have been taught not to write in books and mess up the pages.", "\n\nI want you to do the opposite. ", "Break the seal. ", "Write, draw, scribble on the page below...\n\nApproximately 3.6 Million years ago this happy couple walked naked across the plains of Africa. ", "Like most of their bipedal hominid relations that followed, they were blissfully unaware of their impending extinction. ", "Flash forward and, years later, human beings would narrowly escape the same fate. ", "In the study \"The Dawn of Human Matrilineal Diversity,\" Dr. Spencer Wells, the director of the Genographic Project, outlined the theory that a mere 70,000 years ago, after decades of climate change, drought, and struggle, humanity had been reduced to as few as 2,000 individuals on the verge of extinction. ", "He described it as a moment in history when the fate of humanity balanced on a razor's edge: \"tiny bands of early humans, forced apart by harsh environmental conditions, [came] back from the brink to reunite and populate the world. ", "Truly an epic drama.\"", "\n\nSomehow, from the edge, we made a comeback.", "\n\nHow did we do it? ", "We have no natural defences. ", "We have no fur to protect us against the cold, no claws to take down prey. ", "We can't really run fast or jump particularly high. ", "We can't fly or spit poison. ", "Our babies are born useless and vulnerable, unable even to walk for the first year. ", "We are defenceless, except for one thing: our really big brains. ", "Within our brains lives the key to our great competitive advantage, an advantage that has allowed us to grow from a population of 2,000 to 7 billion. ", "It has enabled us to become the dominant species on earth, pushing the limits of our planet and even our solar system. ", "Somewhere deep in our grey matter a switch turned on and a connection was made. ", "We have something that almost no other creature on earth can emulate: the ability to bring multiple disparate ideas together and make something completely new. ", "We have what I call \"the creative gene.\" ", "Every man-made thing we use throughout the day has been based on that one ability: the ability to be creative.", "\n\nDuring a particularly long layover at Heathrow Airport a woman came running up to me. \"", "David, I just love your song 'St. Lawrence River.'\" ", "She was very excited, and we got into a long, in-depth conversation about the meaning of the song. ", "In our conversation, she said those words that I hear all the time: \"I would love to write something like that, but I'm just not creative.\" ", "Of course I was flattered, but at the same time, those words drive me absolutely crazy. ", "To me, the statement \"I am not creative\" implies that creativity is something you're either born with, or you're not. ", "As though I sit down at the piano, crack open a bottle of whiskey, wait patiently for divine intervention to hit me on the head like a hammer, and then the songs come pouring out fully formed like popcorn or bubbles. ", "Believe me, I wish that were true, but the reality is that creativity is 95 percent work and discipline, and just 5 percent inspiration. ", "You never get to the 5 percent inspiration that you desperately want and need unless you do the 95 percent that's work. ", "I spent a year writing \"St. Lawrence River,\"and I probably wrote thirty different choruses for it before I found the right one to record. ", "The simple fact is that we are not taught or encouraged to exercise our creative muscles. ", "In reality, we are encouraged to suppress them. ", "This does not mean that most of us are not creative, only that we have never been trained to work on and value our creativity and imagination. ", "When was the last time you invested time in developing your creativity?", "\n\nListen to the song \"St. Lawrence River\" at davidusher.com/elephantmusic/\n\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nTWO\n\nTo start to change and/or reset our creative thinking we first need to begin by analyzing it. ", "Fill in the following survey about your own creativity.", "\n\nOnce you start to look at the world through the lens of creativity, everything looks different. ", "Creative thinking is an integral part of everything we make, but also every relationship we have and every interaction in our lives. ", "It's not just about the world of things. ", "It exists in the connections we make, how we formulate sentences, the way we negotiate with our bosses, and how we choose to look at the world. ", "Once you see the creative process as the underpinning of all these connections and interactions, then the world really is different. ", "Instead of just acting by instinct and routine, repeating the same patterns over and over, you begin to view interactions as possibilities, and you can become an active participant. ", "Every moment and interaction becomes an opportunity to apply the principles of creative thinking.", "\n\nIn Roger Fisher's classic book, Getting to Yes, he outlines how so many of our everyday interactions are really creative negotiations. \"", "You negotiate with your spouse about where to go for dinner and with your child about when the lights go out. ", "Negotiation is a basic means of getting what you want from others. ", "It is back-and-forth communication designed to reach an agreement when you and the other side have some interests that are shared and others that are opposed.\" ", "Each one of these interactions is an exercise in the creative process. ", "We tend to naturally fall back to our instinctual patterns. \"", "Inventing options does not come naturally. ", "Not inventing is the normal state of affairs, even when you are outside a stressful negotiation.\"", "\n\nI am always amazed when I see people who are incredibly gifted in their one creative discipline but then completely clueless and dumbfounded by all other parts of their lives. ", "They have a highly developed creative process in one area but it is completely one-dimensional. ", "They can only engage their creative thinking in relation to one thing: their chosen discipline. ", "They are unable to recognize and extract the principles and processes that make them so successful and apply those same principles to other areas in their lives.", "\n\nThe opportunities to implement the principles of the creative process are everywhere. ", "Once you start to recognize these interactions as creative opportunities, then every interaction you have becomes an opportunity to exercise your creative thinking and change the outcome. ", "Creativity becomes much broader than the world of \"things,\" and the opportunities to use your creative thinking become infinite.", "\n\n\"The eagles who soar through the sky are at rest and the creatures who crawl, run and creep. ", "I know you're not thirsty. ", "That's bullshit. ", "Stop lying. ", "Lie the fuck down, my darling, and sleep.\"", "\n\nAdam Mansbach Go the f*** to sleep\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nTHREE\n\nWhen was the last time you used the power of your creativity to influence the course of your life? ", "Was it today, yesterday, or was it years ago? ", "If you could reconnect with your creative self, what would you change? ", "Creative thinking is transformative. ", "Make a list of all the things you would change in your life if you could. ", "Every creative process starts with the smallest action. ", "Don't hold back; it's not a test. ", "Just start writing.", "\n\nWhat are the...\n\nThings you would love to make?", "\n\nHabits you would like to alter?", "\n\nRelationships you wish were different?", "\n\nI love being an artist. ", "I really do. ", "But the reality is that I am only half artist, and the other half is geek. ", "This means that, like most artists, I have a romantic vision of the creative process. ", "I love to think about following my muse, and about how I was struck by a unique magical moment of genius at three in the morning, pouring my thoughts out in my notebook while draining the last drops of a bottle of lagavulin. ", "The artist in me loves the myth of the artist: the bohemian, the wild and free mind that lives and works outside the status quo. ", "I'll admit it: I grew up wanting to be a character in Ernest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast.", "\n\nThe geek in me likes to look at the data. ", "He wants to strip away the trappings of the process and look at what is actually happening, quantify it all, and then figure out how to do it again but more efficiently. ", "How did I actually get to that moment at 3 a.m.? ", "What was really going on, and how can I do it over and over again and be able to hit that elusive moment of creative elation more frequently? ", "The geek in me wants to break it down and chart it out.", "\n\nFor my creativity to function I need to engage both sides of myself: the freak and the geek.", "\n\n\"But Paris was a very old city and we were young and nothing was simple there, not even poverty, nor sudden money, nor the moonlight, nor right and wrong nor the breathing of someone who lay beside you in the moonlight.\"", "\n\nErnest Hemingway A Moveable Feast\n\nCreativity isn't elitist. ", "It's not just for \"special people.\" ", "Creativity is a learnable skill, and something that anyone who is willing to invest the time can achieve. ", "You can learn to speak french. ", "You can learn to drive a car. ", "You can learn to write songs, learn to paint, learn to design, learn to be an entrepreneur. ", "You can also learn the steps of the creative process and creative thinking. ", "It really is no different. ", "Some will be more naturally talented at specific creative disciplines than others, but determination and grit mean as much, if not more, than natural talent.", "\n\nIt's easier to believe in divine anointment than in the endless grind. ", "It's easier to believe in talent than in work and discipline. ", "Want to be really good at playing the piano? ", "Try practising every day, for four hours a day, and then do that for four years. ", "I guarantee that you'll be pretty damn good, and I can assure you that every eight-to-fourteen-year-old child who applies for the Music Advancement Program at Juilliard does at least that much practising. ", "That's why they are so damn good.", "\n\nLike everything in life, you still need a bit of luck and timing for it all to come together. ", "But creativity itself — the ability to think of an innovative idea and then follow through with the steps of the process and deliver something new — is something we can all learn to do.", "\n\nFor creativity to work we need to harness the power of two seemingly opposing forces simultaneously.", "\n\nFREEDOM & STRUCTURE\n\nThese are the keys we must find and master to make creativity happen. ", "We need freedom of imagination in order to be curious, to explore, and to dream up bold ideas. ", "At the same time, we also need a defined and disciplined structure — a methodology to the madness that, when applied, can make those imagined ideas a reality. ", "Think of freedom as the skin and structure as the bones. ", "You need both to stay alive. ", "Freedom without structure is just chaos, and great ideas float away on the wind. ", "But it all begins with freedom of imagination. ", "To think creatively, you first need to get your imagination firing again...\n\nI have young kids, so the experience is fresh for me. ", "When you walk into a good and loving preschool what you see is imagi-nation gone wild: crazy, excited play and boundless creativity. ", "There are kids in one corner riding imaginary horses, others with their hands deep in paint making incredible art. ", "Some are running for cover from descending dragons, or wiggling on the floor as mermaids in an undersea world. ", "They are all doing something creative. ", "If you give children freedom, they naturally know how to play. ", "What you will not see (if you give them that freedom) is half the kids playing while the other half sit like lumps waiting for instructions on what to do. ", "Children instinctively know how to use their imaginations, how to be creative, and how to let it all hang out. ", "It is as natural as breathing.", "\n\nWe don't need to teach children to be creative; in fact, most of the time we just need to get out of the way. ", "Openness and the ability to access exploratory play are big parts of creativity, but as we get older we become alienated from these abilities. ", "We were all born with this built-in imagination. ", "That is, until the organizational efficiencies of the school system drive it out of us.", "\n\nIn a study published in the science journal Cognition, MIT professor Laura Schulz and her colleagues looked at how four-year-olds learn. ", "She took a toy — consisting of four tubes that could be played with in a number of different ways — and gave it to two different groups of children. ", "She let the first group discover the toy's many functions on their own. ", "With the second group she acted more like a teacher, instructing them on how the toy worked but only in one specific way. ", "Then she left both groups of children alone to play with the toy. ", "As Alison Gopnik described in Slate:\n\n\"All of the children pulled the first tube to make it squeak. ", "The question was whether they would also learn about the other things the toy could do. ", "The children from the first group played with the toy longer and discovered more of its 'hidden' features than those in the second group. ", "In other words, direct instruction made the children less curious and less likely to discover new information.\"", "\n\nThroughout our lives, the more we \"learn,\" the easier it is to become disconnected from our childlike curiosity. ", "To restart our creativity we need to reconnect to our natural ability for exploratory play.", "\n\n\"There's probably no better example of the throttling of creativity than the difference between what we observe in a kindergarten classroom and what we observe in a high school classroom... take a room full of five-year-olds and you will see creativity in all its forms positively flowing around the room. ", "A decade later you will see these same children passively sitting at their desks, half asleep or trying to decipher what will be on the next test.\"", "\n\nMadeline Levine Teach Your Children Well\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nFOUR\n\nFind a few photographs of yourself when you were a kid, four or five years old. ", "Glue one into this book on the opposite page, put the second on your bedside table so you can see it when you wake up, and place another one in the space where you work. ", "This is the person you need to find. ", "This is the reminder that your imagination still exists. ", "You are still a creative being who can dream up amazing things. ", "You're just a little rusty.", "\n\nThree hundred years of history has taught us a lot about thinking in straight lines. ", "The Industrial Revolution began the transition from hand-production methods to machine manufacturing. ", "We were pulled from the fields and our lives in the country to fill the factories and the assembly lines of the cities. ", "In an instant our old agrarian lives were gone and our new factory life began.", "\n\nREPETITION\n\nThe job was simple. ", "Do one task in the most efficient way possible. ", "Do it over and over again without thinking, do the same thing all day long, twelve hours a day, six days a week, and whatever you do, don't stop the line. ", "This mechanization of workers was incredible for maximizing profits, and it became the engine that powered Europe's and then the world's economic explosion. ", "We became human machines that were taught and expected to fulfill one task. ", "There was no room in this equation for thought, purpose, or imagination.", "\n\nWhat happens to a person when they are treated like a small part of a big machine and then are pushed past the point of exhaustion for days and weeks and months and years? ", "Where does the imagination go to hide?", "\n\n\"The man whose whole life is spent in performing a few simple operations, of which the effects are perhaps always the same, or very nearly the same, has no occasion to exert his understanding or to exercise his invention in finding out expedients for removing difficulties which never occur. ", "He naturally loses, therefore, the habit of such exertion... \"\n\nAdam Smith The Wealth of Nations\n\nAs the Industrial Revolution boomed, large-scale factories needed workers to fill an ever-growing number of jobs on the assembly line. ", "They needed a steady supply of efficient labour that could stand up under the pressure of doing the same repetitive job for long periods of time. ", "To fill this need, the methodology of the factories was brought into the schools. ", "Modern learning was born. ", "A school system was developed that could build these modern workers. ", "It would teach children to sit still at their desks, all in a row, for eight hours a day, five days a week, preparing them for a life in the factory.", "\n\nThe organizational efficiency of factories and schools has seamlessly migrated into the culture of modern business institutions. ", "Office towers stand like endless white-collar factories. ", "Rows and rows of cubicles and computers, stretching for miles under yellow neon lights, have become the norm. ", "Almost every factory, school, or office around the world is now organized in this way. ", "But this organizational efficiency isn't just about how we structurally organize ourselves; it is also reflected in the way we are programmed to think.", "\n\n\"Mass systems of public education were developed primarily to meet the needs of the industrial revolution and, in many ways, they mirror the principles of industrial production. ", "They emphasize linearity, conformity and standardization. ", "One of the reasons they are not working now is that real life is organic, adaptable and diverse.\"", "\n\nKen Robinson Out of Our Minds\n\nThe shortest distance between two points is a straight line. ", "It is the fastest and most efficient way to get from point A to point B. \"As the crow flies.\" ", "In a world that values cost-effective, utilitarian efficiency, straight-line thinking has become the dominant methodology. ", "Work fast, work cheap, and deliver on time. ", "This kind of thinking is fantastic for productivity on the assembly line and in big classrooms where \"no child gets left behind,\" but it is the death of creativity and imagination. ", "When we think in straight lines we negate options. ", "We stifle possibilities because we are always concerned with the efficiency of getting to the result. ", "We cut ourselves off from exploration, experimentation, and play, trading our broad imagination for the quick answer or the status quo result that we know will \"work\" and satisfy.", "\n\nTo aliens looking down at us from their high orbit it must be confusing. \"", "How do they keep to those perfect lines and form such intricate patterns?\" ", "They must wonder. \"", "What kind of hive mind keeps them all conforming and working together?\"", "\n\nIf we could see ourselves at night, through a telescope from space, what would we see? ", "First, just the earth — all the continents and oceans. ", "Then, pushing in a little closer, the outlines of cities, sprawling into the dark. ", "Next, the complex patterns of traffic, lights, and movement. ", "Lastly, us, in ant-like lines, then in small groups, and, finally, alone as individuals.", "\n\nFor 99.9 Percent of the magnification process, we would all look the same, part of the morphing geometry of the patterns and routines we follow and repeat over and over. ", "It is only with the final turn of the knob that any of our individuality would come become visible.", "\n\nHuman beings are creatures of habit. ", "We love patterns, we love predictability, and we love routine. ", "We tend to go to the same places, to do the same things in the same ways most of the time. ", "Trying something new is, for most of us, the exception rather than the rule. ", "It's not surprising, really. ", "We are constantly surrounded by patterns. ", "Some can be seen easily with the naked eye: the growth rings of a tree, the veins in a leaf, and the designs in a butterfly's wing. ", "Others, like the Fibonacci sequence and the golden ratio, live beneath the surface in the hidden mathematical patterns that make up nature itself. ", "Patterns are an integral part of our lives. ", "It is completely natural for us to want to retreat to the safety of our routines. ", "But to be creative, we need to go against our nature and step outside these patterns. ", "We need to look at the world from different angles. ", "The creator's job is to observe all the varying patterns that continually surround us and then generate mutations that alter the outcome of the pattern and design.", "\n\nBY ACTING ON OBSERVATIONS,\n\nWE CREATE MUTATION, AND MUTATIONS\n\nARE THE BASIS OF CREATIVITY.", "\n\nIf you take the same numbers and run them through the same computation, you naturally expect the same result. ", "Why would the equation be any different with creativity? ", "If you or your team are not getting the creative results you want, try changing some of the elements in the computation.", "\n\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nFIVE\n\nPractise breaking your patterns. ", " \nStart with the small things.", "\n\nThese are simple exercises, but when you start to break even your smallest patterns others begin to reveal themselves. ", "So much of our lives are guided by habit and routine. ", "When you begin to alter these patterns you have taken the first steps to reigniting your creative-thinking centre. ", "Instead of blindly following, you are choosing alternatives. ", "Through these tiny actions, you are physicalizing change. ", "Making it real. ", "When you force yourself to step outside of habit, you will begin to see your life from a new perspective.", "\n\nJust as we love to keep to our patterns, we also love to create and follow rules. ", "Our lives are made up of a million rules, and every day we encounter rules that constrain and influence our actions and our thinking. ", "The rules of law, the rules of work, rules of religion, culture, relationships, peer pressure, and a thousand other tiny unwritten rules that we follow without question or second thought. ", "We are constantly guided by an invisible hand that keeps us within the boundaries.", "\n\nMost of the time, we love the rules. ", "They keep us safe. ", "They give us dependable and predictable outcomes, and in the real world that is exactly what we want.", "\n\nIf I am driving in my car and I have a green light, and you are driving in the opposite direction and you have a red light, I love knowing that when we both get to the intersection, you are going to stop.", "\n\nIN THE REAL WORLD WE WANT AND\n\nNEED PREDICTABLE OUTCOMES\n\nWe need to know that certain things in our lives will operate in predictable ways. ", "According to the rules. ", "Without that predic-tability our lives, and society as a whole, descend into anarchy.", "\n\nBUT CREATIVITY IS NOT THE REAL WORLD\n\nIn the world of creativity we are searching for amazing outcomes — outcomes that defy the status quo's version of reality and logic. ", "We want outcomes that we never could have predicted at the beginning of the creative process. ", "For creativity to work we need to embrace unpredictability. ", "We need to\n\nSTEP OUTSIDE THE RULES\n\nIn \"theatre speak\" there is an imaginary wall that separates the actors from the audience. ", "It runs along the front edge of the stage, forming an invisible barrier between the two. ", "It is called the 4th wall. ", "In most traditional theatre productions the rule is \"you don't cross the 4th wall.\" ", "This wall forms the boundary of the imaginary world the actors are creating, allowing the audience to suspend their disbelief and commit fully to the story that is unfolding in front of them. ", "From their seats, all the audience members have a clear, unobstructed view and have a very similar experience. ", "Both parties, actors and audience, understand these rules of separation, and this provides predictability. ", "They can all safely enjoy their ninety minutes together inside of their respective comfort zones. ", "Everyone understands how the system works, what's generally coming next, and what their role is for the evening.", "\n\nSTEPPING ACROSS\n\nEvery show I play or presentation I give — whether it's for 400 or 40,000 — I always try to cross the 4th wall, and the reason is simple. ", "When you do, it automatically changes the relationship you have with the audience and blows open the possibilities of what can happen. ", "The second I cross the threshold of the 4th wall, the level of risk goes up. ", "I no longer have the protection of the stage, physically or metaphorically. ", "I lose the power of the stage's elevation, the dramatic lighting, and the myth of \"distance.\" ", "When I am standing in an audience singing, talking, or in an unscripted conversation, suddenly anything can happen. ", "I have no idea how the audience will react. ", "I am forced to follow the script as it unfolds live rather than how it was written, and suddenly none of us knows how the story will end. ", "I have increased the chances of something or everything going disastrously wrong. ", "But by doing so, I have also created the circumstances where incredible moments can happen. ", "These are the moments that I never could have imagined or written in advance.", "\n\nUNPREDICTABILITY\n\nOPENS THE DOOR TO POSSIBILITY\n\nIf you never let anything unexpected happen, nothing unexpected will happen. ", "The creative process is about discovering the answer, not knowing it in advance. ", "If you want to have amazing creative experiences, you need to open up to risk and cross your own 4th wall. ", "Creativity demands it.", "\n\nENCOURAGE UNEXPECTED OUTCOMES\n\nImagining and then building something out of one's imagination is messy work. ", "It does not follow the straight lines society has painstakingly taught us to worship. ", "Crows don't actually fly in straight lines, and nor does the creative process. ", "Creativity is inefficient. ", "It meanders around corners and weaves through empty alleys. ", "It is constantly bumping into walls and falling off ledges. ", "While the straight line flies overhead and gets to its destination faster, creativity has to observe, study, and explore all the various points of interest along the way. ", "The people who undertake this work know they must follow the curves where they lead. ", "They follow their imagination and the dream in their heads, however irrational. ", "It is in these curves that creativity happens. ", "It is the ability to doggedly hunt down a dream until it can be satisfied in reality. ", "The goal and the finish line are always important, but they are balanced by the need to realize the vision.", "\n\nTen years ago the standard starting point would have been to create an intricate, highly developed plan projecting every detail of your future business. ", "A hard-copy vision of what you would be doing, your customers, and how it would all roll out. ", "The five-year plan.", "\n\nToday things are a bit different. ", "The rise of the start-up and start-up culture is changing the way business thinks about planning, and about the straight lines of business plans. ", "Steve Blank, Silicon Valley serial-entrepreneur and academic, writes: \"business plans rarely survive first contact with customers. ", "As the boxer mike tyson once said about his opponents' prefight strategies: 'Everybody has a plan until they get punched in the mouth.'\"", "\n\nIF YOU WERE GOING\n\nTO START A BUSINESS TODAY,\n\nWHAT WOULD YOU DO?", "\n\nThese days, powered by the internet, small teams of entrepreneurs are able to build giant businesses by utilizing the agile thinking of the modern start-up. ", "It looks a bit like this:\n\n1\n\nIdea for a business\n\n2\n\nBuild a minimal viable product (MVP), the smallest possible version that can still viably test the idea (minimal features).", "\n\n3\n\nGo out into the world and test the MVP with customers to see if it works, how they react and collect feedback.", "\n\n4\n\nBased on the feedback, implement fast iterations and push out new features quickly.", "\n\n5\n\nIf it's working, and traction and retention are growing, continue.", "\n\n6\n\nIf it's not working, it's time to pivot and radically change direction.", "\n\nThis new breed of entrepreneur has learned to think and react quickly, to follow the curves of the creative process where they lead rather than just march to some predetermined, arbitrary place. ", "The destination is visualized but not written in stone. ", "The discoveries made along the way have immense influence on the course of the journey. ", "Some of today's most famous new companies started out doing something else. ", "They had an idea they thought would work but changed direction midstream to focus on something completely different. ", "They followed the path where it led.", "\n\n\"If you are not embarrassed by the first version of your product, you've launched too late.\"", "\n\nReid Hoffman LinkedIn\n\nNOTORIOUS PIVOTS\n\nINSTAGRAM\n\nThis viral photo app, which sold to Facebook for $1 billion (said with an Austin Powers accent), started out as a location-based service called Burbn.", "\n\nPAYPAL\n\nBegan as a cryptography company that exchanged money over PalmPilots.", "\n\nYOUTUBE\n\nWas a video-dating site called Tune In Hook Up.", "\n\nTWITTER\n\nWas originally Odeo, a platform for podcasting. ", "And the list goes on...\n\nIS CREATIVE THINKING AN INVESTMENT OR AN EXPENSE?", "\n\nIn a world where a company's business model can stay the same year after year, where you can count on stability within your discipline or industry, where you know that your job will still exist five years from now and it is very possible that you will be employed by the same company for most of your life, it is easy to consider time spent on creative thinking as an expense. ", "Everything is stable. ", "Just keep doing what you are doing because it's all running smoothly. ", "Why invest in new ideas when everything is golden? ", "What could possibly go wrong?", "\n\nAND THEN ALONG CAME THE INTERNET AND CHANGED EVERYTHING...\n\nI was signed to EMI records in Canada for ten years and in my time there I watched them go from almost four hundred employees down to around thirty. ", "It was a slow, painful descent that finally ended when EMI was taken over by universal in september 2012. ", "Through the years I kept thinking, why don't they do something? ", "Why can't they innovate themselves out of this mess? ", "They have the resources, they own the product, and they have this immense infrastructure.", "\n\nIn retrospect, given the kind of company EMI was and the corporate culture they had, winning the war in the new digital environment would have been almost impossible. ", "Emi had been doing the same thing since it was established in london in 1897. ", "They found artists, recorded their music, pressed that music onto vinyl or plastic, and then distributed, marketed, and sold those flat discs to the world. ", "By 1997 they had built up an intricate worldwide distribution system and large physical manufacturing plants to make their compact discs, all controlled by a traditional hierarchical management structure. ", "Their business was based on a model of scarcity. ", "Music imprinted on physical discs had value because there were a limited number of them. ", "No shiny disc, no music. ", "Once music could be digitized, compressed, and transferred anywhere in the world in seconds, that scarcity disappeared. ", "In the age of the Internet and the age of digital, 90 percent of the infrastructure EMI had spent a hundred years building became irrelevant almost overnight. ", "They were a company that had been doing the same thing over and over again, very successfully, for a century. ", "They had no real need for radical creative thinking within their company because their business model had stayed pretty much the same. ", "When digital hit, they suddenly needed to come up with radical innovative solutions and rapidly change.", "\n\nTraditional big businesses are like giant cruise ships. ", "They turn very slowly and they have to plan those turns well in advance so they don't crash into the shore. ", "Expecting EMI to be able to adapt quickly enough to the changes that were happening almost overnight is kind of like expecting crocodiles to climb trees. ", "It was impossible because it simply wasn't part of their nature. ", "In the Internet age, where everything is moving so much faster, you need to weave innovation and creativity into your company culture. ", "This is a long-term project. ", "Creativity is something you have to learn and slowly breed into your DNA. ", "You can't slap it on at the end as an afterthought when you suddenly realize you need it.", "\n\n\"Nothing is so painful to the human mind as a great and sudden change.\"", "\n\nMary Shelley Frankenstein\n\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nSIX\n\nDo you consider time spent on creative thinking an INVESTMENT or an EXPENSE?", "\n\nHow has your industry or genre been affected by the Internet revolution?", "\n\nWhat are the specific changes you have witnessed over the last five years?", "\n\nWhat changes do you see on the horizon?", "\n\nOpening up your imagination to new ideas doesn't just happen by chance or by luck. ", "It takes work and commitment. ", "It takes investment. ", "To some, the idea that we need to invest in our imagination might seem peculiar at best. ", "It's an odd concept, investing in the imagination.", "\n\nWHO HAS THE TIME OR MONEY\n\nTO SPEND IT WANDERING\n\nTHE CURVES OF CREATIVITY?", "\n\nIt turns out that many of today's most innovative and creative companies do, and they have actively moved their companies to invest in creativity and the imagination of \"the curve.\"", "\n\nAt Google, 20 percent of an employee's time can be spent working on personal projects that interest them. ", "These are exploratory projects born from an individual employee's ima­gination and curiosity. ", "Gmail, Google News, Google Talk, and AdSense all began as personal employees' side projects and were developed on company time. ", "In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Google's vice-president of search products and user experience until July 2012, revealed that half of all new product launches at the time had originated from the Innovation Time Off entrepreneurship program. ", "Apple followed suit and in 2012 launched their own more limited Blue Sky program, which allows selected employees to take two weeks a year to work on personal projects outside their normal responsibilities.", "\n\nBut this isn't a new idea. ", "Since 1948, 3M has encouraged its employees to spend 15 percent of their time working on their own projects. ", "3M is one of the most innovative companies in the world, making over 55,000 different products and launching more than a thousand new ones each year.", "\n\nWhile Google, Apple, and 3M are all massive companies, the idea of allotting time for creativity is not just for big corporations. ", "This is an idea that works on any scale. ", "It's not rocket science. ", "If you want to be more creative, you need to invest time in the process of creativity. ", "If you want to find innovative solutions, you need to spend time innovating. ", "It is the same process, whether you are a global company, a small business, or just a person.", "\n\nMy friend Shelly is a writer. ", "She writes about travel and fitness for a number of small magazines and Web sites. ", "Shelly gets up every day at 6 a.m., Puts on the coffee, takes half an hour to dig into her email and check the news, and then launches into her writing. ", "Every day rolls out pretty much the same way, divided between writing, researching, interviewing, talking to editors, bookkeeping, and invoicing. ", "By the time the day is done and she closes up her computer around 6 p.m., Shelly is spent and exhausted. ", "Every couple of months we get together for a drink and inevitably the conversation turns to her work. \"", "It's burning me out,\" she says. \"", "I am stuck on a technical-writing treadmill that I can't get off, and it never stops!\" ", "I empathize, and each time my advice is the same: \"Shelly, maybe as an experiment, try taking the first half hour of every day — before the emails, before reading the news, before scrolling through Facebook, before you start working — and spend that time on ideas. ", "Use that time to generate ideas to grow and change your business, on creative ways of getting off the treadmill. ", "Invest that time in yourself.\" ", "Her reply is always the same:\n\n\"I'd love to but I can't. ", "I've got way too much to do.\"", "\n\nIt is not easy to adhere to the half-hour habit. ", "Distractions are everywhere. ", "Work is calling and the emails are piling up. ", "Sitting there thinking and exploring can feel like time wasted, but if you want different results you need to implement a different process. ", "The half-hour habit is a great place to start.", "\n\nMy half hour happens first thing in the morning, starting at 5 a.m. Before the kids wake up and the noise of the day throws my brain into chaos. (", "Over time, my half hour has expanded to an hour and a half.) ", "Sometimes I spend it reading and following my curiosity; sometimes it's spent developing a specific project. ", "This is the time of day that works for me and it's something I have been doing religiously for the past twenty years. ", "Developing a routine and a ritual is the key to keeping your creativity alive. ", "Some people will be most creative late at night, some in the afternoon. ", "It is crucial to discover the time of day and the circumstances when you feel the most connected to your creative self, and then to consistently carve out that time for creative thinking.", "\n\n\"There is no way that this winter is ever going to end as long as this groundhog keeps seeing his shadow. ", "I don't see any other way out. ", "He's got to be stopped. ", "And I have to stop him.\"", "\n\nPhil Connors Groundhog Day\n\nIn 2010 I went to see Malcolm Gladwell speak in Montreal, where he described a few stories from his book Outliers. ", "He talked about Mozart, who has long been considered a boy genius, and how he had actually apprenticed and studied for many years. ", "Mozart started very young, and his music-teacher father was a driving force in his son's development, work ethic, and career. ", "Gladwell went on to talk about the Beatles and Fleetwood Mac and how in each of these cases talent had been a factor but the real key to success was 10,000 hours of practice and dedication.", "\n\n\"See, I observed Escher, I love Basquiat I watched Keith Haring, you see I studied art. ", "The greats weren't great because at birth they could paint. ", "The greats were great cause they paint a lot\"\n\nMacklemore & Ryan Lewis Ten Thousand Hours\n\nAs he finished his talk and I got up to leave, I couldn't help but feel slightly underwhelmed. ", "Malcolm gladwell is an amazing, charismatic speaker and I am a huge fan of all his previous books, but for some reason I didn't really get it. ", "Outside in the hallway I could hear others around me raving about his talk, but I was just confused. ", "Later, I went over his examples with my artist friends, outlining them point by point. ", "They all had the same reaction: \"Huh? ", "So what?\"", "\n\nTo working artists the concept of \"10,000 hours\" of dedication seems so obvious it doesn't need to be said. ", "Ten thousand hours is a given. ", "Artists know from experience that what appears, at first glance, to be divinely anointed talent is really countless hours of study and endless drive. ", "Talent matters, but work is what delivers you. ", "This notion is counterintuitive to the popular mythology propagated about the artist. ", "Artists get up late, do their art for a bit, and then the rest of the day is spent reading Bukowski, drinking red wine, and then it's on to lots and lots of free love. (", "There is some of that.) ", "Working artists know that to get really good at their creative discipline, they have to work incredibly hard. ", "You have to put in the time and invest in your craft.", "\n\nCREATIVITY IS AN INVESTMENT AND LIKE ANY INVESTMENT THERE ARE RISKS AND THERE ARE NO GUARANTEES. ", "THE ONLY TRUE GUARANTEE IS THAT IF YOU DON'T INVEST IN YOUR IMAGINATION, YOU WILL NOT BECOME MORE CREATIVE.", "\n\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nSEVEN\n\nStart the half-hour habit.", "\n\nExperiment with your schedule to find out how you can realistically introduce this creative half hour into your day. ", "Find out what times work best for you. ", "To change any patterned behaviour and start new habits we need to be dogmatic and a bit relentless with methodology. ", "Be disciplined about writing down the days you do your creative half hour and the days you miss. ", "Note the time of day of each session and then do a quick rating of the session from 1 to 10.", "\n\n1 = This time of day sucks and I wish I was in bed. ", " \n10 = I'm a fucking creative genius.", "\n\nFigure out when you are the most open, engaged, and productive with your creative half hour. ", "And then stick to it.", "\n\nARE YOU WAITING FOR PERFECTION?", "\n\nWe all have an image in our mind's eye of the perfect time and space to do our creative work. ", "An amazing studio overlooking the ocean with the brilliant light of a sunset washing colour through the floor-to-ceiling windows. ", "Eight uninterrupted hours in which we can really focus and let our minds wander around a problem. ", "Being surrounded by like-minded people who inspire and drive us. ", "A supportive community. ", "The perfect co-founder — experienced, inspiring, and connected. ", "It all sounds so good. ", "And then a screaming four-year-old runs through the picture and it all comes crashing back down to earth.", "\n\nThe reality of the creative life is that there is never enough time and space, and conditions are never perfect. ", "Our lives are always full of a never-ending list of things to do that fill our time and separate us from the work we know we should be doing.", "\n\nTWEET\n\nTWEET\n\nThe mind is a funny thing. ", "It convinces us that we want, more than anything in the world, to just dive into our creative process and get down to work. ", "At the same time, it allows us to stray and fall victim to every distraction. ", "In today's modern world of pings and tweets, DMs and texts, the temptations are everywhere. ", "We are living in a distraction economy, with everyone vying for the same attention for their 140 characters. ", "The world will surely stop if an @yournamehere does not get an instant reply. ", "Now more than ever, to do work and to be creative in this environment we need to be vigilant. ", "We have to find, and fight, for time and mental space amid the chaos.", "\n\nConditions will never be perfect. ", "So just start.", "\n\n\"The Excuse of Time and Space\" was first printed in the Huffington Post as \"The Perfect Time To Get Creative is Now.\" ", "It marked the moment when I really started to imagine that just maybe I could write this book.", "\n\nCRAZY UNCLE HARRY\n\nThe line between being Crazy Uncle Harry in the tinfoil hat muttering on about another wacky idea and the genius renaissance visionary who can \"see the future\" is very thin indeed.", "\n\nI am lucky enough to be surrounded by an incredible group of friends. ", "Some are geek entrepreneurs but most are experimental artists and modern dancers. ", "These are people who live for their art and are the definition of Icarus. ", "They fly high, burn very hot and very bright. ", "They have heightened emotions and they live fully but there is no big payout waiting at the end. ", "No pot of gold. ", "The one thing these artists understand is the passion of creativity, the burning desire to do something even though it goes against all logic. ", "All financial logic. ", "All physical logic. ", "Against all the laws of common sense, and definitely outside the scope of the status quo. ", "These people know how to access their crazy limitless imaginations. ", "These friends teach me every day — about reaching beyond perceived limits, and about how to dream outside the borders of the realistic world.", "\n\nPushing hard on the boundaries and being \"experimental\" may not be where you need your imagination to live full-time for your creativity to function, but there is great value in being able to visit this place once in a while. ", "The ability to vacation our imagination on the edge gives us the ability to expand our mind, opening us up to a whole new world of possibility.", "\n\n\"I've never been certain whether the moral of the icarus story should only be, as is generally accepted, 'don't try to fly too high,' or whether it might also be thought of as 'forget the wax and feathers, and do a better job on the wings.'\"", "\n\nStanley Kubrick\n\nSome friends in Le nombre d'or (Live) Compagnie Marie Chouinard\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nEIGHT\n\nTo get your imagination in motion you need to expose yourself to different ideas, people, and places. ", "It's time to leave the nest. ", "If you want a dynamic imagination, you need to infuse it with dynamic ideas. ", "Take your brain out for a walk. ", "Get out of the house and expe-rience something new. ", "A dance show, a lecture at the local university, a band that you would never normally see, a conference outside of your discipline — anything outside of your ordinary that might create a spark. ", "Start to open yourself to ideas that live beyond your comfort zone. ", "Be dogmatic. ", "For each of the next four weeks choose something different that takes your mind somewhere it would not normally wander. ", "Think: open, experimental, experiential.", "\n\nWeek 1:\n\nWeek 2:\n\nWeek 3:\n\nWeek 4:\n\nIn Seth Godin's now-classic book Purple Cow, he uses the term to describe building something remarkable and unique that will stand out in a world of normal. \"", "Something worth talking about. ", "Worth noticing. ", "Exceptional. ", "New. ", "Interesting. ", "It's a Purple Cow. ", "Boring stuff is invisible. ", "It's a brown cow.\" ", "In a world where we are constantly inundated by ever-increasing piles of \"stuff,\" it has become increasingly important to be different and to produce things that have remarkable qualities. ", "The Internet gives everyone the same opportunity to broadcast their creative work, both good and bad. ", "Your ability to be remarkable is what separates you from the herd and allows you to rise above the endless sea of creativity that flows past every day.", "In order to build a Purple Cow product you need a great idea.", "\n\nYOU NEED PINK ELEPHANT THINKING.", "\n\nIn my creative circle, during brainstorming sessions, we have always called big, ridiculous, unlikely ideas Pink Elephants. ", "These Pink Elephant ideas are rare, they are shy, and they can retreat into the fog in an instant. ", "These are the crazy ideas that come from big dreams and a wide imagination. ", "They often seem impossible and not grounded in reality, so it is always tempting to immediately dismiss them and to send them back into the wild without a second thought.", "\n\n\"That is totally bananas. ", "It will never work. ", "No, no, no!\"", "\n\nOur natural instinct and all of our training will push us toward the logical, realistic ideas that seem \"doable.\" ", "It is far too easy to limit ourselves and others. ", "It's much harder to allow your imagination to play unbound by the confines of common sense. ", "Exploring Pink Elephant ideas can lead you to places you never could have reached by limiting yourself to the \"realistic.\" ", "There will be plenty of time later in the creative process for reality to beat an idea down to size. ", "Start by letting your imagination run wild. ", "Let the Pink Elephants loose and see where they lead.", "\n\n\"Had a dream I could turn back time. ", "Had to stop to rewind my memory. ", "Had a vision of the ruby sky. ", "We were riding high on our own pink elephant\"\n\nDavid Usher from the song \"How Are You?\"", "\n\nListen to the song \"How Are You?\" ", "at davidusher.com/elephantmusic/\n\nEvery time the band takes the stage we set the rhythm and become the heartbeat of the evening. ", "We set the tone and timbre. ", "We determine how the audience moves and, if we are doing our jobs, how they feel. ", "I started to question this dynamic and began to wonder how I could reverse-engineer this idea. ", "How could I get the audience to power the band? ", "Over time I distilled the idea further: How could I choose one audience member and have the band play to their heartbeat?", "\n\nNow, you might rightly ask, \"Why would anyone want to do that?\" ", "The simple answer is,\n\nI wanted to see what would happen.", "\n\nI believed there was something interesting in the experiment. ", "I had that feeling, an itch to scratch, but at the time I was busy on tour so I filed the idea away.", "\n\nA year later, in July 2011, I was surfing through Kickstarter looking at different crowdfunding campaigns when I came across the Pulse Sensor Open Source Heart-Rate Sensor. ", "The founders were looking to make a small heart-rate sensor that could be customized using an Arduino circuit board. ", "I immediately paid my $38 and waited to see if the project would get funded. ", "Six months later, my Pulse Sensor arrived and I began hunting for someone in Montreal that knew how to build and program Arduino. ", "After some searching I found Rupert Brooks, who runs Foulab, a Montreal hacker space. ", "I explained my crazy idea to him and he immediately jumped on board. ", "The reason was simple:\n\nHe wanted to see what would happen.", "\n\nAfter a few months of experimenting, trying out three different kinds of heart-rate monitors, and Rupert writing a customized algorithm that could smooth out weird irregularities of the human heartbeat, we finally had a working prototype. ", "I started using the heart-rate monitor during special concerts and at conferences during my presentations on creativity and the creative process.", "\n\nTHE EXPERIMENT\n\nDuring my presentations I pull a nervous volunteer out of the audience, hook them up to the monitor, and suddenly the loud pounding of their heartbeat fills the room. ", "Jonathan (my friend and guitarist) starts to play and then I begin to sing. ", "We improvise live to the rhythm of the volunteer's beating heart. ", "I use this demonstration as an example of experimentation, risk, and creativity. ", "It has become the climax of my presentations, and each time gets a huge reaction from the audience:\n\nBecause: they want to see what happens.", "\n\nWhen I first had the Pink Elephant idea, there was no thought about where it would lead, how I would use it, or if it had \"value.\" ", "It was simply an experiment I felt I had to try.", "\n\nSee the Hearbeat experiment at davidusher.com/heartbeat/\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nNINE\n\nThink about your own pink elephants. ", "I know you've had them. ", "Ideas that seemed too big, unwieldy, and unrealistic.", "\n\nWrite down a few of your own Pink Elephant ideas.", "\n\nIt creeps in quietly, that voice in my head, the small doubt that grows throughout the night. ", "It is a constant and I beat it back daily for fear it will take me over.", "\n\nThe danger is always there. ", "To be taken over and swept away by the big roadblocks of creative process which are resistance and fear. ", "You must be vigilant to monitor and control these two dark passengers because they are the killers of creativity.", "\n\nIt is our nature to want to minimize risk and neutralize pain. ", "If you accidentally touch your hand to a hot burner, it is the nerve endings — that ancient wiring — that shocks the brain into jerking your hand away. ", "Creativity is both risky and emotionally painful, and our instincts will implore us to retreat to safer ground. ", "As we begin to take risks, pushing the limits of our boundaries, and as we attempt to build something outside of our tribe, that little voice of doubt will start to grow. ", "It will whisper all manner of unsavoury things about failure and embarrassment in order to bring us back to \"safety.\"", "\n\nThe creator's job is to protect the creation at all costs, and to do that we must be victorious over resistance and fear. ", "You will hear the nagging voice of doubt at every stage of the process. ", "You must fight against your nature and push yourself through.", "\n\nYou are so excited about your new idea and your new creative direction that you are just bursting. ", "You want to tell the world about it so they will be just as excited. ", "Then you can run off to the bar together and celebrate the joys and wonder of your new project and toast to your future success.", "\n\nLet me tell you what happens next.", "\n\nWhile I am sure your friends and family are wonderful people, the nature of the pack is to draw the straying beast back to the herd. ", "They may be well intentioned, and worried that your new idea or direction doesn't sound \"safe,\" like your old job or your old paintings or your old music. ", "Their own resistance and fear will start to bubble to the surface as they worry how you stepping out will change the dynamic of their lives, too. ", "This reaction does not usually come from a place of malice, but their doubts will fan the fires of your doubts and start building up an impossible mountain before you have even taken a first step.", "\n\nGetting a new creative project in motion is hard enough without the doubt of others stacked against you. ", "Do yourself a favour and keep your mouth shut. ", "When your ideas are still newborn, treat them as something precious that needs time to grow and develop and change. ", "There will be plenty of time to talk and discuss and defend your ideas later. ", "Plenty of time.", "\n\nMonster / mon•ster / noun 1. ", "any creature so ugly or monstrous as to frighten people.", "\n\nWhen you are in a creative process, collaborating with a group or listening to someone's new ideas, do you always want to be the first to give feedback? ", "While they are talking or demonstrating something, are you leaning like a sprinter at the starting line just dying to let loose with your contrarian opinion?", "\n\nThen you are probably a Monster. ", "It's a term that can also be used as a verb. \"", "Hey man, quit monstering me!,\" ", "Meaning you are not listening and allowing ideas the chance to be heard. ", "You are injecting \"No\" into the creative process and creating an atmosphere that doesn't allow people to express their ideas freely without fear of getting crushed. ", "You are killing imagination and hunting the Pink Elephants down before they can even enter the room.", "\n\nBANG, BANG, CLICK, BANG!", "\n\nThis is a silly party game best played with friends over a few stiff drinks. ", "The game is simple. ", "Gather the players in a circle. ", "You hold up your finger and thumb like you have a pistol and then you randomly point it at different people in the circle, saying:\n\n\"Bang, Bang, Click, Bang!\"", "\n\nPoint randomly at a different person on every word. ", "Then ask the group the question:\n\n\"Who's dead?\"", "\n\nNow wait a few moments. ", "Give people time to start guessing how the game is played and why the dead person is dead. ", "Allow enough time so people forget who spoke first. ", "Next, point at the person who spoke first and say,\n\n\"You're dead.\"", "\n\nRepeat the whole process until they discover the pattern. ", "It often can take quite a long time for people to figure it out.", "\n\nWhen my friend Stephen O'connell introduced me to the game, we played for around ten minutes, round after round, and I was always dead. ", "Each time I thought I had figured it out and each time I managed to jump in first with my opinion.", "\n\nEUREKA\n\nI discovered something very interesting about myself that night. ", "I really liked to speak first. ", "And I was spending very little time listening. ", "I was shocked to discover...\n\nI was a Monster.", "\n\nMy Type A personality — foot on the starting line, always ready to throw in my two cents, and be right — was preventing me from listening. ", "I was missing the subtext of what was happening around me. ", "Instead, I was focused on my own ideas and what I had to say. ", "I have since spent a lot of time focused on learning how to listen and how to hear.", "\n\nLESSON LEARNED.", "\n\nThe best ideas don't always come from the loudest places and the biggest voices. ", "Just because you can shout louder and before anyone else doesn't make your ideas better or your imagination broader. ", "There is great value in listening and giving ideas a chance to exist and germinate. ", "It is in the nature of the extrovert to talk and suck up all the oxygen in the room. ", "Instead, try holding your breath for a minute and listening. ", "This is something I still struggle with, but I'm getting a little better. ", "Ideas can come from all kinds of places. ", "Give everyone's Pink Elephants a little room to run.", "\n\nIn Susan Cain's book Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking, she outlines the strength and power that come from listening. ", "Introverts are people who need a different set of circumstances to be comfortable, productive, and successful in the world of extroversion that surrounds them.", "\n\nShe describes introverts as people who \"may have strong social skills and enjoy parties and business meetings, but after a while wish they were home in their pyjamas. ", "They prefer to devote their social energies to close friends, colleagues, and family. ", "They listen more than they talk, think before they speak, and often feel as if they express themselves better in writing than in conversation. ", "They tend to dislike conflict. ", "Many have a horror of small talk, but enjoy deep discussions.\"", "\n\nThe power to listen gives introverts a distinct competitive advantage in many creative disciplines. ", "They intuitively know how to listen and observe, and this gives them the ability to see and collect ideas from the world around them more readily. ", "It is easier to see more when you are not focused on being the life of the party. ", "Cain goes on to say, \"Don't think of introversion as something that needs to be cured... stay true to your own nature. ", "If you like to do things in a slow and steady way, don't let others make you feel as if you have to race. ", "If you enjoy depth, don't force yourself to seek breadth. ", "If you prefer single-tasking to multi-tasking, stick to your guns. ", "Being relatively unmoved by rewards gives you the incalculable power to go your own way.\"", "\n\nIntroversion can provide incredible creative power given the right set of circumstances. ", "Unfortunately, the flip side of this is that when the conditions are less than perfect, for some people, introversion can quickly turn and become painful, heart-stopping shyness.", "\n\nAN INTROVERT CAN QUICKLY TRANSFORM INTO A . ", "THERE IS A DIFFERENCE.", "\n\nWhere the introvert is empowered by their quiet nature, the is someone who is frozen by it, whose introversion has paralyzed their creativity and prevents them from fulfilling their creative potential. ", "Creativity does not respect one's desire for perfect conditions. ", "It doesn't care what you need. ", "It will throw a wrench into your process and mess everything up.", "\n\nIn this modern world of fast-flowing ideas, just as the Monster needs to learn to listen, sometimes the needs to shout. ", "Even disciplines once considered \"quiet professions\" are now getting louder. ", "The demands of creativity do not always allow Mice or even introverts to move at their chosen pace or within the narrowly defined parameters of their comfort zone\n\nTHE WRITER\n\nThe artistic dream of the writer, solitary and alone, pushing out the pages and then mailing in the final manuscript. ", "Do you still think you can be an author and just write from your country cottage and let your publisher and agent do all the rest? ", "Wrong. ", "These days, publishers demand that you get out there and sell your book. ", "It's all about your platform. \"", "How well are you engaging with your blog, Twitter, and Facebook followers?\" \"", "Here's your press schedule.\" \"", "Get out there, sign books, and kiss babies.\"", "\n\nIt is very possible in this hyper-competitive world that you won't even have a publisher, and will decide to self-publish instead. ", "Now you are an author, a publisher, a publicist, and an entrepreneur. ", "At some point you are going to have to shout.", "\n\nSometimes creativity demands that the fight against its nature and win. ", "It is important to learn how to live in a world of Monsters — not to become one, but just to get your message out.", "\n\n\"The quieter you become, the more you can hear.\"", "\n\nYasutani Roshi\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nTEN\n\nMONSTER or MOUSE? ", " \nMark where you live on the scale.", "\n\nBecome an observer of group dynamics. ", "Ideas don't live in a vacuum. ", "They are brought to life and championed by individuals. ", "Start to analyze how ideas either bloom or are killed by the people around them, around you. ", "How is your circle affecting the quality of the ideas that live or die?", "\n\nThe next time you are in a social setting, initiate a game of\n\nFind out who are the MONSTERS and who are the MICE.", "\n\nMore than 6 million people have watched Amy Cuddy's TED Talk \"Your Body Language Shapes Who You Are.\" ", "In it she describes how the ancient language of body position within animals and people not only changes perception but chemistry as well. ", "The wide arms of the gorilla before it beats its chest and the victory pose of the sprinter, arms stretched out as she thrusts across the finish line, are both power poses we all intuitively understand. ", "These non-verbal visual cues imply dominance and can change how others perceive us. \"", "Our bodies change our minds, and our minds can change our behaviour, and our behaviour can change our outcomes.\" ", "According to Cuddy, holding power poses for as little as two minutes not only changes how others perceive you but also alters your brain chemistry. ", "Standing in postures of confidence can increase your levels of testosterone (the risk-taking, confidence hormone) and decrease your levels of cortisol (the stress hormone). ", "You not only look more confident to others, your brain chemistry actually makes you more confident.", "\n\nDOES IT WORK?", "\n\nI could wake up from a dead sleep, walk out of my bus directly onto a festival stage, and play music in front of 40,000 people without skipping a beat. ", "No nerves, no panic. ", "I've played thousands of shows and just know how to do it. ", "I have always felt incredibly comfortable as long as I had the \"script\" of the songs to support me. ", "Public speaking is a different story. ", "I have always been nervous speaking in front of large groups of people. ", "A small group was fine, but something about large groups freaked me out. ", "Even when I was little, I was always that kid at the back of the class sinking into my desk, desperate not to be picked to answer the question. ", "When I was forced to do a presentation, for a week before I would feel the anxiety and fear welling up inside me. ", "As I presented, forcing out the words, my hands would start to shake and the papers I was holding would rattle, only amplifying the terror I was feeling.", "\n\nSo I find it funny that, these days, I spend a large part of my time speaking at conferences all over the world. ", "Experience has bred confidence; I'm now much more relaxed and enjoy my job as a speaker. ", "But even with all my experience, I sometimes still feel those old nerves welling up inside me and part of me is transported back to being that ten-year-old kid at the back of the class.", "\n\nIf you happen to find yourself backstage at a conference right before I go on to speak, chances are you will see Jon and me with our arms stretched wide, holding Amy Cuddy's power positions. ", "For two minutes at a time we try various positions, experimenting to see how they affect our performance.", "\n\nDoes this body position really change the testosterone and cortisol levels running through us? ", "Are our hormones telling our brains to be more confident? ", "I honestly don't know. ", "What I do know is that running around backstage like a sprinter crossing the finish line lightens the mood, makes us laugh, and puts us in a better frame of mind before we step onstage.", "\n\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nELEVEN\n\nAre you nervous? ", "The next time you have to do something in front of a group of people — at a lunch, a meeting, or a presentation — try stopping into the bathroom first and holding the power pose shown. ", "Record the results below. ", "Start to experiment on yourself and be sure to document your progress.", "\n\nHold this position for two minutes or more.", "\n\nAs an artist I never wanted to examine what I did too closely. ", "I felt that being overly analytical with my process was somehow unethical or unartistic. ", "I had internalized the idea that breaking it down to its structure and \"formula\" would mess with my magic mojo.", "\n\nIt was only when I started to work on building tech for the Web and exploring start-up culture that I really began to look seriously at my own process. ", "I started to see the incredible similarities between the ebb and flow of the creative process of building technology and the process I used to make music, albums, and videos. ", "All the steps seemed to line up. ", "I began to re-examine the process I was using to make music, stripping away all the extraneous artist baggage that I had built up over the years. ", "When I laid it all out plainly, I found that I really do work with a specific formula. ", "In every process, I repeat the same steps over and over to get to the result and the final product. ", "I had previously never been able, or willing, to really study what I was doing and had always just done it all by instinct. ", "Once I dove in and started to deconstruct my process, it became obvious that there really is a methodology to the madness.", "\n\nBe warned: once you pull back the curtain and see the nuts and bolts of how it all works — Oz back there pulling on the levers — you can never go back. ", "When you rip away the myth of the process you lose a certain naïveté, but what you gain in return is far greater. ", "You get to look at the creative process as something that you can learn, something you can get better at and continually improve upon. ", "It becomes something you can do over and over again, and eventually master. ", "Instead of it being just a lucky mystery, it is actually a discipline that you can study. ", "This is something the geek in me loves.", "\n\n\"Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain.\"", "\n\nThe Wizard of Oz\n\nNo creative person wants to believe that they are following a formula, that what they do is by the numbers. ", "But for the creative process to work day in and day out, over weeks and months and years, there must be a structure supporting \"the freedom.\" ", "The artist in me loves the chaos of imagination precisely because it is wild and unruly and satisfies my vision of what it means to be an artist. ", "But chaos without limits also denies the second half of the creative process: the ability to actually finish and deliver work. ", "Not once, but over and over again. ", "The structural part of the creative process is what transforms you from a one-hit wonder or a hobbyist, or just someone who got lucky, into a working creative. ", "Chaos hates the difficult part of the process: the work and the discipline; the thoughtful, measured calculating; the endless tedium of left-brain organizing; the structured operational part of creativity.", "\n\nCreativity needs both parts to work — the freedom of imagination and the structure to hang it on. ", "Without the structure nothing works.", "\n\nI was getting ready to give my very first presentation on creativity and the creative process. ", "The conference was booked and I was knee-deep in it, trying to design something interesting, fun, and, well, creative. ", "During that week my father was visiting us in Montreal. ", "Now, my dad is an incredibly intelligent person. ", "He is a professor of microeconomics at Queen's University and he's written nine books with titles like The Economic Prerequisite to Democracy. ", "He is a seasoned teacher and lecturer, so I thought he would be a perfect person to give me feedback on what I was developing. ", "I showed him some of my first few ideas and he said:\n\n\"Now, David, I think it's very important that you tell the people at the beginning of your talk that while you've made some songs, you're not a scientist.\"", "\n\nThis totally threw me and I spent the rest of the day panicking, thinking \"oh my god, I am not a scientist! ", "What qualifies me to speak about creativity?\" ", "I woke up the next morning with two realizations.", "\n\nFIRST\n\nDon't show people your work before you have spent enough time with it that you can withstand a little commentary.", "\n\nAND SECOND\n\nI am a goddamn scientist.", "\n\nI have a formula to my creative process. ", "It is not random. ", "It is very specific. ", "Now, some people react incredibly badly to the idea of a \"creative formula,\" so for them i'll call it \"the collection of things I need, and the series of steps that form the building blocks for a successful creative adventure.\"", "\n\nWhat follows is my formula. ", "It's not always exactly the same. ", "There are many subtle variations and it is always evolving, but it pretty much rolls out like this:\n\nTHE BLANK PAGE\n\nIt's sitting there, empty, staring up at me. ", "The blank page, the empty stage, the endless white screen with the flashing cursor. \"", "I got nothing.\"", "\n\nSTARTING SEEMS HARD,\n\nBUT IT DOESN'T HAVE TO BE.", "\n\nThe easiest way to overcome the daunting blankness at the beginning of a project is to just start filling up space. ", "Don't think. ", "Just start working. ", "Generate material. ", "It doesn't have to be good, because at the beginning all you want is bulk. ", "You are the costco of creativity. ", "Forget about quality. ", "You need to fill the aisles with stuff.", "\n\nMost of what you produce will end up in the trash but that doesn't matter. ", "What you are trying to do is generate momentum, to put yourself and your process in motion.", "\n\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nTWELVE\n\nThe scariest part of the blank page is the endless blankness. ", "Just start writing. ", "Fill in the space below.", "\n\nWriting is one of the simplest ways to get your ideas and imagination flowing. ", "Move beyond the space provided here and try filling up one blank page in your own notebook every day.", "\n\nTo ignite our creativity we need ideas, lots and lots of ideas. ", "But as we go through life, we naturally start to gain experience and expertise. ", "We get good at our jobs and our careers and we get very focused. ", "While this sounds great, it can also be the very thing that stunts our creative growth. ", "We develop a form of adult-onset tunnel vision. ", "As we get more focused and specialized, our childlike peripheral vision starts to blur and we stop looking outward. ", "It becomes very easy to stop being curious and stop learning new things. ", "Meanwhile, there are incredible ideas circling us all the time, but if our field of vision is very narrow it becomes impossible to see them. ", "To get our creativity firing again we need to access these ideas, and the simplest way to do that is through...\n\nCURIOSITY AND LEARNING\n\nWe need to begin to learn again. ", "Learn something new. ", "Something outside of our chosen field that will bring us new perspective.", "\n\nBut where to start? ", "The answer is simple. ", "It doesn't matter.", "\n\nPICK SOMETHING\n\nWhat you decide to study and explore is less important than simply starting the process of exploration. ", "You need to light a match to start a fire. ", "Curiosity and learning are like a dog chasing its tail. ", "As you become curious you begin to learn, and the more you learn the more curious you become. ", "It becomes an infinite loop, and this loop sparks ideas. ", "Creativity comes from that curiosity: the burning desire to see what is on the other side and to find answers. ", "But first you need to light the match.", "\n\nJOURNEY\n\nThink of it as an adventure. ", "Where you start is just the first place on the map. ", "Once you begin to walk and then run, the map will expand, get bigger and bigger. ", "A whole new world will open up to you. ", "The starting point is almost irrelevant. ", "The important thing is to pick something and to start your curiosity and learning centre working again.", "\n\nAs we begin to explore new ideas and disciplines, the lens with which we see the world will begin to change. ", "Suddenly we can see layers of the world that we never had access to before. ", "Having many lenses is the key to looking at our problems from different angles and perspectives, and to finding new, innovative solutions.", "\n\nMy friend Raphael Mazzucco is a fashion photographer and artist in New York City. ", "A night out with him is always a journey through a maze of incredible places and people. ", "Invariably, as the night wears on, the wine runs fast, and the conversation gets hushed, I am always fascinated listening to him talk. ", "The world he sees is different than mine. ", "He describes his world in relation to light and shadow, colour and shading. ", "He describes a world that I can barely see. ", "We look at the same scene but the depth of our vision is completely different. ", "He can see in clear focus things that are almost completely veiled to me. ", "His eyes have access to a different lens.", "\n\nOur interests determine how we see the world. ", "Those interests are pulled into tight focus while the rest of the scene is often blurred. ", "Are you looking to rent an apartment? ", "Suddenly all you see around you are \"for rent\" signs. ", "Thinking of buying a new Volkswagen? ", "Now, everywhere you go, VWs are popping up left and right.", "\n\nThe VWs have always been there, but without interest they are invisible. ", "The world each of us sees is just one possible level of sight. ", "One lens. ", "To be more creative we need to open up to other lenses and other ways of seeing. ", "The more we can see, the more ideas we can use in our creative work.", "\n\nA formal education is great. ", "If you want to be a surgeon you are going to have to go to school. ", "If you want to pilot a 747 from LAX to Tokyo, please complete the certification before you get behind the controls. ", "I stumbled my way through a degree in political science while also going after a minor in modern dance (i'll save those stories for the next book), and I have definitely used the skills I learned in university in my creative life. ", "But in this modern world there are many other ways to learn and become fluent in different subjects. ", "If you want to get your ideas flowing again, to jump-start your curiosity and inspiration, you need to build an idea accelerator.", "\n\nIn 2005 the Internet was exploding. ", "I was living in new york city and working on a new album. ", "La Guardia Airport had become my second home, and I was commuting back up to Canada almost every weekend for shows.", "\n\nWhile doing a festival in Montreal, I decided to reconnect with an old friend, Mitch Joel. ", "Mitch is one of my best friends but we hadn't seen each other in a very long time. ", "He started out as a rock journalist back in the eighties, but has since gone on to become the president of Twist Image, a large digital marketing agency, and he has written two bestselling business books: Six Pixels of Separation and CTRL ALT Delete. ", "Mitch is in every way a \"thought leader.\" ", "At the time, I was fascinated by the Internet as I watched it radically transform the music business. ", "After ten years of working as a professional musician, writing, recording, and touring, I had started to wonder what was next. ", "I knew that music would always be a huge part of my life, but I also knew I wanted to expand beyond it and exercise different parts of my brain.", "\n\nMitch and I sat down at shed café on st. ", "Laurent boulevard. (", "Remember, this was 2005 — before most people had heard the word blog and before the existence of Twitter.) ", "Over coffee, he laid out a vision of the Internet that really altered my thinking and changed the direction of my life. ", "He ended our conversation with the red pill/blue pill speech from the movie The Matrix.", "\n\n\"This is your last chance. ", "After this, there is no turning back.", "You take the blue pill and the story ends. ", "You wake in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. ", "You take the red pill and you stay in wonderland and I show you how deep the rabbit-hole goes. ", "Remember — all I am offering is the truth, nothing more.\"", "\n\nMorpheus The Matrix\n\nWe are both geeks. ", "Obviously, I took the red pill.", "\n\nTHOUGHT LEADERS\n\nThe Internet is a double-edged sword. ", "It can overwhelm you with useless crap: photos of cute cats and Double Dream Hands, or time-suck you into Facebook posts about friends and tweets about soup.", "\n\nBut...\n\nIt can also be an incredibly rich place: an idea-generating machine where you can learn almost anything. ", "Never before has so much knowledge been available to so many people on the planet — so freely. ", "The Internet is a learning game changer if you have the discipline to follow through and the focus to avoid distraction.", "\n\nMy idea accelerator started with Mitch's blog on digital marketing and business development, Six Pixels of Separation. ", "Mentions of other thought leaders in his blog lead me down the rabbit-hole on an adventure through the web: Clay Shirky, Seth Godin, Kara Swisher, Om Malik, Mathew Ingram, the Gillmore Gang, Tim Ferriss, Nora Young, Paul Kedrosky, Jenna Wortham, Avinash Kaushik, Kevin Rose, Joseph Jaffe, Sarah Lacy, Robert Scoble, Chris Brogan, Julien Smith, Guy Kawasaki, Fred Wilson, Kashmir Hill, Jason Hirschhorn, and on and on. ", "A river of great ideas from really smart people. ", "As you collect and organize more and more sources, a clear picture starts to emerge. ", "You begin to understand the direction of the prevailing thoughts and ideas within that specific discipline. ", "This collection of sources acts as an idea accelerator. ", "It floods you with great ideas that can help spark your own. ", "My idea accelerator for the Internet and tech looked like this:\n\nBefore the internet, getting this kind of information from thought leaders — people actively working at the top of their field — was almost impossible. ", "The most you could hope for was a few books on the subject written years ago and a university professor that could outline some of the theories. ", "Now we have access to the best people, talking about the things they are thinking about and currently working on while they are working on them. ", "This level of access to ideas is unprecedented, and it's all just out there waiting to be read.", "\n\nFEED READERS: REALLY SIMPLE SYNDICATION (RSS)\n\nIt has become very easy to develop hundreds of high-level sources for great ideas. ", "But with so much to read it's also necessary to develop a methodology for sorting through masses of material quickly to find the gems related to your interests. ", "For this I use a feed reader. ", "Feed readers allow you to subscribe to a blog, journal, or Web site, and organize category folders. ", "Then, through RSS, the articles from the sites you have subscribed to are automatically syndicated into the proper folders. ", "The feed reader shows you just the headline and the first paragraph of the articles, allowing you to scan through at lightning speed looking for items that spark your imagination. ", "The other big benefit of feed readers is that they cut out the noise and distraction of the Web by showing you only the sources you want to see. ", "Some consider readers to be an \"old technology,\" but for me they are still the best way i've found to quickly track and scan through literally hundreds of articles from thought leaders in a very short period of time. ", "Rss allows you to read the best of the best specifically connected to what you are interested in exploring. ", "It's all right there online, free, and all you have to do is read.", "\n\nEXPAND YOUR MAP\n\nOnce you start to get into this process of reading the blogs, articles, journals, and books of thought leaders, you will never be at a loss as to what to read next. ", "It turns out that smart people know a lot of other smart people. ", "And we all love to talk about our smart friends. ", "One source will lead you to the next, constantly expanding your map.", "\n\nWhatever your area of interest, you can now plug in directly to the stream of ideas that the smartest people in that field are thinking about.", "\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nTHIRTEEN\n\nStart building your own idea accelerator. ", "Find the blog of someone you respect in the field you are interested in exploring. ", "Read. ", "Add a new source each week. ", "Read some more.", "\n\nThe point of an idea accelerator is not to make you an expert, but to flood you with ideas and get your imagination flowing freely.", "\n\nReading is a great way to get your ideas flowing, but to make it really valuable you need to write as you go, and get in the habit of capturing ideas. ", "You need to develop a methodology for filing ideas, first other people's and then your own. ", "This habit of logging ideas is crucial. ", "We need to pull them from the metaphysical realm and into the real world. ", "Write them down to make them real. ", "These ideas have now been taken out of the river of information rushing by us and have become part of our vernacular, part of our world. ", "Through the process of writing, ideas become solidified within our subconscious and can more easily be called upon when needed.", "\n\nMETHODS OF FILING\n\nThere are many different methods we can use to file ideas. ", "There is the old-school pen and paper. ", "I still use this method for some things. ", "I find it especially useful for songwriting (old habits die hard). ", "I will use a new notebook for every album. ", "There is something visceral about actually writing words on a page: the effort of writing, the physical act of the ink and the paper meeting the idea on the page.", "\n\nFor tech or anything web, I like to use more modern methods. ", "Today there are a ton of great applications that can help you file and organize your ideas. ", "You can easily store Web sites, photos, videos, text, audio, pretty much anything, and you can access the information on any device, smartphone, or tablet.", "\n\nExperiment with different methods and mediums to see which works best for you. ", "Old-school, new-school, there is no right answer. ", "The most important thing is to find something that works, that you are comfortable with, and that you can continue to do as a daily habit. ", "Write ideas down so you can call on them when they are needed.", "\n\nWeb and mobile applications are changing constantly. ", "To see an updated list of the tools I'm using today go to davidusher.com/creative-tools/\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nFOURTEEN\n\nTo form the habit of collecting and filing ideas, you need to be able to write them down wherever and whenever they occur. ", "You need your system to be mobile. ", "Get a small notebook or smartphone and keep it at the ready. ", "Collect ideas when they strike.", "\n\nChoose your poison.", "\n\nExperiment with different methods of filing ideas to see what works best for you. ", "Choose your tools and then use them relentlessly.", "\n\nYou want to be original. ", "One in a million. ", "I get it. ", "I do too. ", "But don't be fooled. ", "Artist or entrepreneur, in my mind we are all hustlers and thieves. ", "We are an amalgamation of the ideas that surround us. ", "There may be a few rare geniuses that can pull incredible brilliance out of the air without any prior knowledge or contextual influence. ", "But for the rest of us, ideas are based on other ideas. ", "We build off the work of others. ", "Consciously or subconsciously, our creations are an evolution of the ones that came before.", "\n\nWe absorb and steal, rob and plunder — whatever it takes to get our creativity moving. ", "We take the best ideas we can find, not to plagiarize them outright but to mash them together, twisting them into knots with the hope of exposing new shapes and new forms.", "\n\nSo hit the streets, hustlers and thieves. ", "Steal and collect all the interesting ideas you can find, and then use them as the building blocks of your next great creation.", "\n\nThere is a battle that rages in the land of creativity between the forces of art and commerce. ", "The boundary separating the two is a line that all creative people flirt with and are constantly testing, stepping on, and stepping over. ", "Countless hours have been spent over dinners and at coffee shops discussing and dissecting the eternal questions and conflicts of art versus commerce. ", "Is your work too arty or too commercial?", "\n\nWhat we are really talking about is creative intention. ", "What are you trying to make and who are you making it for?", "\n\nCREATIVE INTENTIONS SCALE\n\nAt the theoretical creative extremes are two archetypal creators. ", "One is the \"artistic creator\" who is focused solely on self, with a purely internal vision and no thought for market or audience or sale. ", "This creator is only concerned with getting his or her vision out, intact and \"uncorrupted\" by external forces. ", "At the other extreme is the \"commercial creator\" who produces purely for the market with no thought, reason, or care for anything but what will please the audience and sell. ", "For this creator, external feedback is a crucial part of the process. ", "Polling, market research, and focus groups define the path and the final product.", "\n\nExtreme artistic creators shouldn't be surprised when the world doesn't \"get\" their work and nobody comes to the launch. ", "The work wasn't made with the world in mind. ", "By the same token, pure commercial creators should not be shocked when they are not hailed as avant-garde geniuses, since their creations were made by committee.", "\n\nMost of us fall somewhere in the middle, between the two archetypes. ", "We recognize both sides and float back and forth, walking the path between the two, unable or unwilling to push too far in one direction or the other.", "\n\nIt is important to recognize that where we fit between the extremes is a choice and not an accident. ", "Every day, with each tiny decision, we decide what kind of creators we are going to be. ", "When I'm making music, I recognize that I care about how the music affects and is absorbed by the audience. ", "I know they are there and I want the music to resonate and weave its way into their lives. ", "At the same time, it tends to be solitary work, done alone or with a small group of friends, and we doggedly follow the thread where it takes us. ", "Conversely, when we are building a new Web platform, like artistsforamnesty.", "Com, we are trying to create a unique aesthetic and user experience that is balanced, and often overridden, by the need to maintain utility, usability, and budget.", "\n\nDifferent creative projects demand a different place on the scale of creative intention. ", "Think about the part intention plays in your own creative process. ", "It is only when you begin to view your place on the scale as a choice that you can begin to experiment and try pushing the needle one way or the other.", "\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nFIFTEEN\n\nMark yourself on the creative intention scale\n\nWHAT ARE IDEAS WORTH?", "\n\nIn the 1980s, if you wanted to protect your song and make sure no one stole your ideas, what you did was record a version of the song on a cassette tape and then send it to yourself by registered mail. ", "Voilà, song protected.", "\n\nI spent a lot of money on cassette tapes and padded envelopes. ", "Looking back, this may well have given me a false sense of security.", "\n\nTimes have changed. ", "These days, ideas are like oxygen — they are everywhere. ", "The Internet has flipped the idea economy on its head. ", "Now ideas flow like water on Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, YouTube, blogs, torrent sites, Amazon, iTunes, and on and on. ", "Today, value is measured by attention. ", "Ideas still matter. ", "You still need great ideas, but in a world where they are flowing so fast and furious and often for free, the real question is, can you get attention and traction for your great idea? ", "In a world where everyone is a writer and a thinker, an Internet entrepreneur and a video producer, protecting your ideas becomes far less important than your ability to execute them.", "\n\n\"A lot of would-be startup founders think the key to the whole process is the initial idea, and from that point all you have to do is execute. ", "Venture capitalists know better. ", "If you go to VC firms with a brilliant idea that you'll tell them about if they sign a nondisclosure agreement, most will tell you to get lost. ", "That shows how much a mere idea is worth. ", "The market price is less than the inconvenience of signing an NDA.\"", "\n\nPaul Graham Y Combinator\n\nI'm not the best guitar player in the world; in fact, I kind of suck, but I have made pretty good use of the eight chords I know. ", "Songwriting for me works like this:\n\nI sit down with the guitar and start to play.", "\n\nI choose a random tempo and chord progression.", "\n\nStrum or pick depending on my mood and I start to sing.", "\n\nI improvise.", "\n\nMelodies start to flow and words begin to emerge.", "\n\nThe sound of the strings, the rhythm, the time of day, the lighting, the mood.", "\n\nIdeas that I have been collecting, stored or written down over the past few weeks, begin to surface in my improvisations.", "\n\nIdeas begin to form: simple words or phrases.", "\n\nI continue to improvise for five to ten minutes.", "\n\nSometimes I come up empty. ", "But sometimes, a new melody will marry itself with a chord progression and a turn of phrase.", "\n\nSuddenly, i've found something new.", "\n\nDuring this short session I will record ten different ideas on my phone and if I'm lucky I will keep one. ", "I then email it to myself with the subject \"song.\" ", "I repeat this process ten to fifteen times a day. ", "Later in the week i'll go back and listen to all the recordings to hear if I have anything good. ", "Most get thrown out, but a few get put into the \"good folder\" and make it to the next phase. ", "These ideas get worked on further to see if any of them will become \"real songs.\" ", "I define \"real songs\" as songs that get full lyrics and arrangements and may make it to the studio recording stage. ", "When I first started in music twenty-five years ago, I would take a lot of \"fake songs\" all the way through the writing, arranging, and recording process, thinking that good production would make them \"real\" to me later. ", "This almost never works. ", "Over the years, as I have improved my ability to filter, these fake songs get dumped much earlier in the process.", "\n\nNOT ALL IDEAS ARE WINNERS\n\nYou have to dig through a lot of crap to find the gems. ", "Improving your ability to filter means you can move through material much faster and spend more time building good ideas and less time chasing dead ends.", "\n\nI use the same filtering process when I go into the studio to arrange the songs. ", "I can't read music. ", "I can't play drums or bass. ", "I'm a terrible piano player. ", "I know very little about the violin, the cello, the trombone, or the trumpet. ", "And yet, I am extremely confident and comfortable working with musicians who are virtuosos on their chosen instrument.", "\n\nThe reason is simple: What I am really good at is knowing what I like. ", "I have spent a lot of time listening, and I know the ideas and sounds that spark something in me. ", "I inherently understand how parts fit together. ", "After years of study I have become a really good filter. ", "I bring my musicians into a room and show them the song, usually a simple chord progression on the guitar and a vocal. ", "Very basic. ", "Then we start to jam.", "\n\nI work with the band as a conductor, varying tempo and intensity looking for a starting point. ", "Then it appears. ", "As everyone plays I begin to sort through the sounds and the riffs:\n\n\"Keep that tempo\"\n\n\"Let's try it up a half step\"\n\n\"Keep the rhythm straight in the verse\"\n\n\"Move the left hand higher on the keys\n\nTo make space for the vocal\"\n\n\"Repeat the first half of that guitar arpeggio but simplify the second half\"\n\n\"Cello drops out for the first pre-chorus\"\n\n\"Try playing the 16ths\"\n\nMy filters allow me to sort through the flood of musical information washing over me. ", "My job is to know what I like and what I don't, to be able to make quick decisive choices about what to keep and what to throw out. ", "We work on a song for about an hour to see if something forms. ", "I record throughout the session and email myself the parts that I think are good. ", "Then we move on to the next song and the process starts again.", "\n\nThis practice of filing and filtering ideas is central to the creative process. ", "It is important that you create a methodology that works for you, something you can stick to and can turn into an easy habit.", "\n\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nSIXTEEN\n\nStart developing a system for filtering your collected ideas.", "\n\nAt the end of each week, go back through your work and review everything. ", "Filter out the best ideas and start a new subsection or file just for them.", "\n\nYou are a scientist.", "\n\nYou are looking for the answers.", "\n\nExperimenting is a key component of creative thinking, and it happens continuously throughout the process. ", "As you start to collect and filter ideas you begin to experiment with them. ", "It's like banging rocks together, looking for the ones that spark. ", "You don't know how two ideas will work together until you combine them. ", "Creators are continually testing ideas and trying out different combinations to see what will \"work.\"", "\n\nYou are a scientist.", "\n\nBut in your lab the elements are living and breathing. ", "You have to balance out physical elements and ideas, but also emotions, feelings, and personalities. ", "If you are working alone you have to battle your self-doubt and personal demons. ", "If you are working in groups, personalities have to be managed and balanced. ", "A thousand elements have to be filtered and melded together and then ripped apart again. ", "The creative process is really like a cascading wave of tiny experiments, with the best results of each phase carrying us on to the next wave. ", "It is never static and it is always evolving.", "\n\nYou are a scientist. ", " \nEmbrace the experiment.", "\n\nThe aha moments are when the light bulb switches on. ", "This is the high of the creative process, when the ideas that you have spent so much time collecting, filtering, and experimenting with will finally pay off. ", "You have discovered something new. ", "You have a fresh idea you can build on and a clear direction for your journey. ", "These are the moments that keep creativity addicts coming back for more. ", "The moments of revelation, the small victories and precious discoveries are the lifeblood of the creative process. ", "They make all the rest of the hard work that surrounds creativity worth doing, a million times over.", "\n\nIDEAS COLLIDE\n\nIt was the year 2000 and Eminem had just released his song \"stan\" on the radio. ", "I was never the biggest Eminem fan — the misogynistic and homophobic lyrics were a bit of a turnoff — but I loved that specific song. ", "There was something about it. ", "The dark story Eminem wove and the way he skilfully integrated Dido's chorus to complete the sentiment. ", "But what I especially loved was the undeniable drum and bassline that pulled it all together. \"", "I want to make a song that grooves like that,\" I thought.", "\n\nI FILED THE IDEA IN THE BANK.", "\n\nDuring that same period, I was on tour in Europe. ", "We were travelling on our tour bus through France and I woke up in my bunk with the flash of a brand new melody in my head. ", "I scrambled for my tape recorder, desperate to capture it before it was lost. (", "The idea was born with the lyrics from lines 1, 4, and 5 fully formed.)", "\n\n\"Black black heart why would you offer more\n\nWhy would you make it easier on me to satisfy\n\nIm on fire, im rotting to the core\n\nIm eating all your kings and queens\n\nAll your sex and your diamonds\"\n\nIDEA FILED.", "\n\nMeanwhile, my friend jeff pierce was for some reason messing around with the \"Flower Duet\" from the opera Lakmé, and trying to build a sample that fit into a 4/4 time signature. ", "Now, Lakmé was not normally a part of my musical vocabulary, but that particular sample sparked me.", "\n\nIDEA FILED.", "\n\nBack in Canada, in one intense writing session, these disparate ideas came together. ", "The inspiration from the groove of Eminem's song \"Stan,\" my new bus melody, and Jeff's mutant opera sample from Lakmé the flower duet.", "\n\nA MOMENT OF CREATIVE COLLISION.", "\n\nThe song \"Black Black Heart\" went #1 in Canada and was top ten in fourteen countries across Europe and Asia. ", "It went on to be covered by other artists in different languages, and despite the fact that the original song came out four years before YouTube even launched (in 2004), it still went on to accumulate over 10,000,000 YouTube plays.", "\n\nAnd it all started with one flash. ", "One light-bulb moment. ", "But none of it, no part of this whole story would have happened if I had had that initial melody idea and just rolled over and gone back to sleep in my bunk rather than writing it down. ", "Filing those ideas was the key to being able to access them later.", "\n\nThe moment of creative collision is just the beginning of the process. ", "It is the flashpoint that marks the start of the journey, not the destination. ", "The trick is to grab that one moment with both hands and then dive into the next phase of the creative process.", "\n\nListen to the song \"Black Black Heart\" at davidusher.com/elephantmusic/\n\n\"I am a great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work, the more I have of it.\"", "\n\nThomas Jefferson\n\nThis is the other 95 percent of the creative process. ", "It's the work, the grind, and the craft part. ", "It's the part that wakes you up before dawn and keeps you going far into the night. ", "It is the endless hours of thinking, planning, working, and revising. ", "When you add this to the constant filing and filtering, the experimenting, the moments of creative collision, the development of a methodology, and the investment in the half-hour habit, suddenly it's easy to see how 10,000 hours can race by.", "\n\nThis is the part of the creative process that most people never see and never do. ", "This is what it takes to turn a spark into something real. ", "Something tangible. ", "The ability to dedicate yourself to the work part of creativity is what will differentiate you from most of your peers.", "\n\nWILL YOU STICK WITH IT AND DRIVE THROUGH? ", "WILL YOU IGNORE DETRACTORS AND SOLDIER ON? ", "WILL YOU PUSH THROUGH ALL OBSTACLES AND MAKE IT TO THE FINISH LINE?", "\n\nSuccessful creatives understand they must invest the time and do the work.", "\n\nAnd that's it: Creativity is work. ", "Wonderful work, but still work. ", "You have to put in the time and push through the process.", "\n\n\"Don't expect to write a first draft like a book you read and loved. ", "What you don't see when you read a published book is the twenty or thirty drafts that happened beforeit got published.\"", "\n\nWalter Mosely Why We Write\n\nDerek sivers started out as a musician but went on to build one of the first successful Internet music start-ups. ", "He founded CD Baby, an online music store, in 1998 and eventually sold it ten years later for $22 million. (", "It's worth noting, he donated all the money to charity.) ", "In his book Anything You Want he charts out the value relationship between ideas and execution.", "\n\n\"To me, ideas are worth nothing unless executed. ", "They are just a multiplier. ", "Execution is worth millions... you need to multiply the two. ", "The most brilliant idea, with no execution, is worth $20. ", "The most brilliant idea takes great execution to be worth $20,000,000.\"", "\n\nAWFUL IDEA | = | \\- 1\n\n---|---|---\n\nWEAK IDEA | = | 1\n\nSO-SO IDEA | = | 5\n\nGOOD IDEA | = | 10\n\nGREAT IDEA | = | 15\n\nBRILLIANT IDEA | = | 20\n\n| |\n\nNO EXECUTION | = | $1\n\nWEAK EXECUTION | = | $1,000\n\nSO-SO EXECUTION | = | $10,000\n\nGOOD EXECUTION | = | $100,000\n\nGREAT EXECUTION | = | $1,000,000\n\nThe ideas that form the basis of what you are working on are always important, but it is the work and execution that follow that will determine whether you succeed or not.", "\n\nPoor Sisyphus. ", "Pushing that rock up the hill is hard. ", "Every time you start a new project, that is what it feels like. ", "There is this immense initial excitement, but the finish line looks so damn far away. ", "What you need is momentum. ", "You need to get the rock rolling. ", "While Sisyphus's rock always rolls back to the same starting point, our rock rolls down the other side and on to the next hill. ", "Once you are in motion and start gaining speed, everything gets easier. ", "Ideas flow faster, sparks fly more freely. ", "Beware of anything that bogs you down and slows your forward motion. ", "It can quickly drain you of your creative resources: money, time, enthusiasm, energy, collaborators.", "\n\nIf you stop, you exponentially increase the chances that you will never get to the finish line. ", "Stopping gives your mind and body a chance to rest, but it also gives you time to consider all the other simpler things you could be doing. ", "It gives an opening for resistance, for fear and doubt to slide back in and start messing with your resolve. ", "If you stop, it takes an immense amount of energy to break the inertia and get the train moving again. ", "When you have momentum, hold on to it. ", "Momentum keeps everything flowing smoothly and propels you forward to the end.", "\n\nIT IS IMPORTANT TO WORK HARD BUT IT IS MORE IMPORTANT TO WORK SMART.", "\n\nWhat a night. ", "Too much wine, too much whiskey, but great friends and crazy conversations. ", "I got up at 4:30 a.m. To take a few Advil to ease the pounding in my head. ", "By five I'm in the shower and the warm glow of the Advil has eased my headache and relaxed my body.", "\n\n\"I'm too old for this shit\"\n\n\"Today I start getting healthy, on the wagon, and no more red meat\"\n\n\"I'm going to...\"\n\nIdeas start to flow. ", "The hot water rushes over me and that wonderful river of ideas starts running. ", "Connections appear and the internal dialogue begins as I trace out the path of the idea in my mind. ", "I jump out of the shower, open my laptop, and begin to type. ", "I capture the idea while it is happening. ", "Before it has time to vanish into the ether.", "\n\nWhen it comes to solving a creative problem or getting through a particularly difficult creative roadblock, working harder is sometimes not the answer. ", "Connections and epiphanies do not always come through more work. ", "In fact, if you are working really hard on a problem, sometimes the best way to get to a moment of creative collision is to do the opposite: go for a walk, work out, take in a movie, have a few drinks with friends. (", "I'm talking about short breaks — an hour, a couple of days — not enough to break your momentum.) ", "Take your mind somewhere else and give your subconscious a chance to work on the problem.", "\n\nThe conscious mind is great at the endless grind of creative work, but the subconscious mind has a role to play as well. ", "I am often chased out of sleep and dreams by ideas that have mutated in the night. ", "My subconscious mind has connected ideas in ways I could never see while awake. ", "It has drawn lines between disparate concepts that my active mind has failed to see. ", "For most people, including me, daily hangovers and Advil are not a sustainable method for accessing the subconscious. ", "So instead, I get up insanely early. ", "I write every morning because while I am half asleep, before the real world has woken up, I can still access my subconscious. ", "I can see ideas and connections that are not available to me once my \"awake\" mind takes over.", "\n\nWork and discipline are important components for the creativity process, but sometimes you need to take a break, step back, and blow it all up in order to disconnect your active mind and give your subconscious a little room to breathe.", "\n\nFor most creators the time spent on the work of creation is the fun part. ", "It's tough but enjoyable, with a little bit of suffering mixed in. ", "Putting the paint on the canvas, designing the perfect user experience, or finding an elegant turn of phrase — these are all part of what we classically think of as the work of crea­tion. ", "These are the things creators dream about doing when they imagine their creative life. ", "What they do not dream about is operational infrastructure.", "\n\nOperational infrastructure consists of all the day-to-day business that surrounds the creative process. ", "This is the grease that keeps the wheels turning — all the accounting, scheduling, space rental, promoting, production, and fundraising. ", "These are the pillars that support the creative process. ", "For anyone who wants to be a working creative over the long term, it is crucial to embrace the concept of operational infrastructure. ", "Managing this infrastructure is the creator's job until the resources are found to have someone else take it over. ", "Without this business structure there is no long-term creativity. ", "All the successful crea­tive people I know have either mastered these skills themselves or have a support team or patron who does it for them. ", "It is very important not to confuse the intention of creativity with the business of creativity. ", "One is a choice, but for most creators, if you want to continue to be creative over a long period of time, the other is a necessity.", "\n\nMy wife, Sabrina Reeves, has been an interdisciplinary theatre artist for the past fifteen years, first as one of the artistic directors of the New York–based company Bluemouth Inc., And now as the founder and artistic director of Fée Fatale in Montreal. ", "Both these companies do work that often takes place outside of normal theatre spaces and mixes the disciplines of theatre, dance, music, and film to create truly unique work. ", "This is not commercial work, but art that really pushes the boundaries.", "\n\nSo how do avant-garde theatre artists spend their time?", "\n\nCreating in the studio, at rehearsal, on the stage, or on tour?", "\n\nBy osmosis, I have been involved in some capacity with almost every production of both Bluemouth Inc. And Fée Fatale — as labourer, loader, carpenter, musician, critic, or simply as moral support — so I have the inside scoop.", "\n\nThis is much closer to how the artist's life really breaks down. ", "The business of operational infrastructure is not the fun part, but it is crucial to keep the machine running. ", "Without it, long-term creativity stops.", "\n\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nSEVENTEEN\n\nAs a creator, think about your relationship to the business of creativity. ", "How do you manage your opera­tional infrastructure? ", "Does it take up too much or too little of your creative headspace and time? ", "This is something that is crucial for every creator to think about and manage. ", "Use the space provided to outline your own infrastructure — where it is now, what is lacking, and what elements you need to improve upon to elevate your game.", "\n\nThere comes a point in every project when you have to take a deep breath, step to the edge, and throw yourself off the cliff. ", "You have to commit to the creative project and discipline you have chosen. ", "It is important to tell the people around you what you are working on and be ready to take the inevitable wave of feedback, both positive and negative. ", "Eventually, you have to stand up and own what you are making.", "\n\nThere are many reasons to commit and go public with your creativity.", "\n\nTOUGHEN UP: IT'S TIME FOR FEEDBACK\n\nAt the beginning when ideas are fresh, they are often too fragile to stand up to outside opinion and criticism. ", "They need the space to grow. ", "But as time goes by and ideas mature and solidify, it becomes equally important to bring them out into the light and show them off. ", "Once you have built up enough internal momentum and have started to gain confidence in what you are making, the roadblock of the friends and family factor can actually start working to your advantage.", "\n\nFeedback always seems personal, and it's tempting to go into defensive mode and dismiss everything: \"you just don't understand!\" ", "As creators we need to be tough. ", "We need to put ideas into the world and be able to handle feedback without wilting, without becoming offended or angry.", "\n\nWhen you make something public you get reflection. ", "This reflection is incredibly valuable. ", "You get a huge amount of data that can help inform your work and your process. ", "Your job as creator is to filter all this information and use the pieces that you think have merit to make yourself better. ", "It is also your job to reject and deflect the feedback that you think is not relevant, useful, or accurate. ", "The hard part is filtering the good from the bad while simultaneously suspending the impulse to be overly defensive. ", "Everyone has opinions, and it's amazing how suddenly everyone is an expert, ready to tell you what's wrong with your idea. ", "It is important to filter feedback, but it is also crucial to filter the people giving it. ", "Not all feedback is created equal.", "\n\nMENTORS AND A TRUSTED CIRCLE\n\nYou don't want to be the smartest guy or girl in the room. ", "If you are, you need to find a new room. ", "To make your creative process better and become a more refined creative thinker, you need to get feedback from people who are better than you, smarter than you, and more experienced than you. ", "You might not always take their advice. ", "In fact, you may often reject it, but high-level feedback from really smart people makes you better, faster. ", "It makes you think harder about the problems you are trying to solve. ", "It forces you to go places you hadn't thought of. ", "It makes you mount stronger defences for your work, defences that in turn make you stronger. ", "Don't accept a feedback circle based solely on proximity — in other words, just because they are there. ", "Your brother may be a fantastic guy but that doesn't mean he knows shit about what you're making. ", "Search out great mentors and a trusted circle of people who can help elevate your game and make you better. ", "Feedback is important. ", "Make sure you are getting it from the right people.", "\n\nThe final reason to commit to your creativity in public is that it raises the stakes. ", "It increases the consequences.", "\n\nTHE EGO FACTOR\n\nIt's much easier to fail or give up in the privacy of your bedroom. ", "When no one knows what you have been working on, there is nothing at stake. ", "It's much harder to do this in public, in front of your friends and family. ", "When you commit to your creativity and go public, you dial up the ego factor. ", "Creativity is hard, and there are many times in every process when we want to give up and quit. ", "Sometimes the only thing that keeps you going is not wanting to admit failure. ", "Your ego can be a great motivator when things get difficult. ", "Ego can often push us through difficult situations where logic would have us lie down, give up, and do something easier. ", "\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nEIGHTEEN\n\nDescribe what you are working on in detail. ", "Define your timeline to completion.", "\n\nDo you have a trusted circle?", "\n\nYES: show them your creative project and timeline.", "\n\nNO: find a trusted circle.", "\n\nTruth is, before every album comes out, I can be a bitch. ", "In those intense few days before the release, before two years of my work gets put out there into the world, I'm a grouchy motherfucker. ", "There are a million emotions flying around in my head as I anticipate letting go of my \"baby\" and the ensuing reaction and criticism. ", "I am not the most fun man to be around.", "\n\nThe good part is that i've done this enough times now that I know what's happening to me. ", "I have taken the time to write it down and I have a better understanding of how to handle it. ", "These days, I don't go around yelling at everyone and everything. ", "I go to a movie instead. ", "I take those few days off because I'm preparing for what's coming.", "\n\n\"As a startup ceo, I slept like a baby. ", "I woke up every two hours and cried.\"", "\n\nBen Horowitz Andreessen Horowitz\n\nJust as there is a series of steps to each creative process that you need to define, follow, and deliver on, there is also an emotional arc to each creative journey. ", "Putting yourself out there, taking risks, enduring criticism, doing something that your peers think is crazy — this is emotional stuff. ", "Creativity is an emotional roller coaster with intense highs and brutal lows. ", "Creators need to recognize that emotion is an integral part of the process and has a large influence on outcome. ", "It's not only about how you manage the physical journey but the emotional journey as well. ", "People are different and have many different ways of handling stress. ", "Some people get incredibly defensive before they introduce an idea to a group because they fear rejection. ", "Some people cry three-quarters of the way through every process because they are afraid to finish. ", "Some get very aggressive and dominant when they are getting feedback and criticism about their idea. ", "Just as it is crucial to write down and document the \"physical\" steps to your creative process, it is equally important to document your emotional journey so you can understand and improve on it each time. ", "I'm not suggesting we should all be unfeeling vulcans, but it is important to understand our emotions so we are not mindlessly dominated by them.", "\n\nIf you never document your emotional process, you will be forever destined to repeat it, unchanged, over and over again. ", "If you write the process down, you will begin to understand the intricacies of your reactions and you will markedly improve your creative journey for yourself and everyone around you.", "\n\nShipping is the final step of the creative process. ", "For me the value of an idea is only truly realized when it is delivered. ", "Delivery could mean performing your site-specific interdisciplinary experimental dance piece to an audience of fifteen people in a barbershop or it could mean launching the next Google. ", "When it comes to delivery, the key isn't the size of the release but the release itself. ", "You need to get good at finishing and delivering to become good at creativity. ", "Shipping something out to the world allows you to define the end point and allows you to move on in your creative journey.", "\n\nSHIPPING IS WHAT FREES YOUR MIND TO THINK ABOUT WHAT'S NEXT.", "\n\nNear the end of every project you can expect to feel the return of those dark passengers, resistance and fear. \"", "This piece is shit.\" \"", "What the hell was I thinking?\" \"", "It's not ready.\" ", "So many creative dreams die here, right at the finish line.", "\n\nSo many unfinished projects wait in drawers, in closets, and on hard drives. ", "They represent the stunted growth of their creators. ", "The projects wouldn't necessarily have been groundbreaking or hugely successful, but their true value lies in the lost creative potential of their creators. ", "Shipping is the key to moving on to the next adventure.", "\n\nNot all ideas are winners. ", "Not all projects are winners, either. ", "Every project starts out with so much promise and hope. ", "We push on, believing that we are making something amazing. ", "When I am writing a new album I will file hundreds of initial ideas. ", "Over the course of a year, about fifty or sixty songs will be pared down to around fourteen that will actually make the album. ", "After a year and a half of work, I have run out of time, money, and patience. ", "I ship it off. ", "It's only then that I finally get to see what i've actually made.", "\n\nI won't listen to the album again for about a year, until i've gotten some distance. ", "Then, I put on my headphones and head out for a walk. ", "The truth is:\n\nSometimes I love it, and sometimes not so much.", "\n\nDon't expect everything you ever touch to turn to gold. ", "The creative journey takes you through ups and downs, through winners and losers. ", "It is absolutely normal to have creative projects that fail. ", "Artistically or commercially. ", "Failure is a part of the adventure. ", "It comes with the territory. ", "If you are a working creative at some point you will fail. ", "The trick is learning how to handle failure when it arrives.", "\n\nWill you wither and die? ", "Or will you get back up?", "\n\nAfter the inevitable pain-and-torment phase subsides, smart creatives use failure as a learning experience. ", "They take all the relevant data from these experiences and learn as much as possible so as not to repeat their mistakes. ", "Today's failures are often the basis for the next big win.", "\n\nThink of creativity as a long game.", "\n\nIn the long game there are always incredible highs and devastating lows. ", "That is the nature of creativity over the long term.", "\n\nPICK YOURSELF UP, DUST YOURSELF OFF, AND MOVE ON TO WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO MAKE NEXT.", "\n\nHere is some good news. ", "Once you understand your creative process, and the steps that make it work, you can use that same system over and over again. ", "Once you are really able to define your process it all becomes easier. ", "Lather, rinse, repeat. ", "This only works if, at the end of each cycle, you analyze what you have done, learn from it, and modify the parts that can be improved upon.", "\n\nCREATIVE AMNESIA\n\nUnfortunately, like with many emotionally intense experiences, we have an incredible ability to block out creative adventures as soon as they are done. ", "It is as if the joy of finishing and the \"birth\" of our creative progeny wipe our memories of everything that happened along the way. ", "We experience some kind of psychic break and can suffer from creative amnesia. ", "We amplify the good parts and erase all the bad. ", "We dive right back into the next process like it is our very first time, only to repeat our mistakes again and again.", "\n\n\"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it\"\n\nGeorge Santayana\n\npost·mor·tem / adj. ", "1. ", "Occurring or done after death. ", "2. ", "Analysis or study of a recently completed event\n\nTo break this cycle of creative amnesia we need to do a proper post-mortem at the end of each process. ", "It is crucial to learn from each successive experience, to rigorously analyze past processes, and then to use this information to become better. ", "If you want to develop a viable, repeatable creative formula, it is imperative to include a post-mortem in your process. ", "Write down the good and the bad, the elements that push each project toward success as well as the ones that need to be modified or changed in future. ", "\n___________________________ \nACTION \n___________________________\n\nNINETEEN\n\nDid you do a post-mortem on your last creative experience? ", "If not, do it now. ", "There is still something to be learned.", "\n\nWrite a detailed post-mortem of your last creative project.", "\n\nWhen I started this book I had my own case of creative amnesia. ", "I forgot everything I had learned and I just dove right in, banging out words with no plan or thought to the process itself. ", "I simply forgot to transfer my creative process to this new discipline. ", "Instead, I jumped in like a newbie, ignoring all of my past experiences with creativity. ", "That method led me down the path that most would-be authors follow: a general outline, a few chapters in a Word document, and, after two or three false starts, the inevitable realization that \"it's too hard to write a book!\" ", "All over the world, on millions of computers, laptops, and iPads, there are partly finished novels and screenplays, abandoned and alone, just waiting patiently to be finished. ", "Maybe you have one on yours?", "\n\nThe funny thing is, I know better. ", "I've been in the creativity business my whole life. ", "I have a ton of experience and still I managed to block it all out. ", "I ignored everything that makes my process work and just decided to flail instead. ", "To be successful with this book I needed to employ the elements that I always include in my creative process.", "\n\nI always work with a team of collaborators. ", "The nuts and bolts of the work is done alone, but for every project, from Web to music, I always have a trusted team of high-level co-conspirators to bounce things off, collaborate with, and who give me reflection. ", "Reflection prevents you from living in a creative vacuum where you and your ideas just float, untethered to process. ", "When I started this book I was floating. ", "I quickly realized I needed to build a team to give me that reflection and feedback. ", "I called my friend Hugh McGuire, who runs LibriVox, PressBooks, and is heavily involved with the self-publishing start-up scene. ", "He introduced me to Oana Avasilichioaei, a manuscript editor. ", "Oana and I immediately clicked and she became the first editor on this project. ", "I would write and she would give feedback. ", "I was no longer alone in a vacuum.", "\n\nI felt strongly that if I was going to write a book on creativity it was crucial that the layout and design be inherently creative as well. ", "I found it impossible to get a feeling for the direction of the book without defining the design at the same time, so to find a designer I began exploring the popular design portfolio Web site Behance.", "Net. ", "I scoured the site for Montreal designers whose work seemed to embody the feeling and energy of the book I wanted to make. ", "I then just cold emailed the ones I liked. \"", "Hi, my name is David and I'm writing this book...\" through this process I found Caroline Blanchette. ", "After a phone call and a quick meeting I knew I had found the right person, and Caroline became the book's graphic designer. ", "I had found my team of collaborators.", "\n\nTo become better creators we need to fight through the creative amnesia and the natural impulse to \"do it all by instinct.\" ", "Knowing and being able to follow your instincts is a great gift, but being able to marry instincts with an informed process is what delivers you, project after project, year after year. ", "It is what allows you to extract the creative knowledge you have built up in one discipline and transfer it onto another.", "\n\nMy team was in place and I was ready to start back into writing the book. ", "But there was one crucial piece still missing. ", "In any creative process,\n\nI need consequences...\n\nWhen I signed with House of Anansi Press, Janice Zawerbny took over as editor.", "\n\nI wish I were the type of person who could just work. ", "Put in the hours, day after day for as long as it takes. ", "No deadline necessary. ", "Just work till it's perfect. ", "No one waiting. ", "No expectations. ", "All fun and flowers.", "\n\nBut that's not me.", "\n\nMaybe some people can do it, but all of the working creative people I know need a deadline. ", "We need consequences. ", "We need to know that if we do not finish, if we do not ship by a certain date, something bad will happen. ", "I said previously that creativity needs to follow the curves where they lead and needs to explore all the sights along the way, and this is true. ", "But creativity also needs an end point, a finish line with tangible consequences waiting there. ", "Without consequences, creativity can meander forever. ", "It can circle like a ship without a rudder — a ship that's doomed to eventually sink. ", "We need consequences to raise the stakes. ", "We need to know that if we don't finish we will lose something: money, face, faith, or trust. ", "Someone will be disappointed or disillusioned. ", "People will talk and our stock will go down.", "\n\nI have never been able to complete an album without the thrill and pressure of a deadline. ", "Releasing an album is a pressure cooker. ", "The record company slots your album into the calendar and the machine starts to roll — with marketing, publicity, a&r, agents, and managers all working toward that date. ", "There is never enough time. ", "Advertising buys and social media start pushing, focused on that one day. ", "What the public doesn't see is the intense series of deliverables that lead up to the release. ", "Drop-dead dates for the radio single master, album masters, artwork, et cetera.", "\n\nMy creative process needs the imminent release date, the line in the sand that focuses my mind on the project and really puts pressure on my creative self to produce.", "\n\nWhen I started this book there were no consequences. ", "No one was waiting for it and there were no expectations. ", "I wrote bits here and there but there was no focus. ", "To make my creative process work I needed to manufacture pressure and to construct consequences. ", "When I built my team of collaborators, I also inadvertently began to build myself a new set of consequences. ", "Suddenly, there were two busy professional people that were expecting deliverables from me.", "\n\nPRESSURE.", "\n\nI was forced to lay out my vision for the project in a clear and concise way that others could understand. ", "I had to build a timeline. ", "I had to lay out the framework for completion and start to visualize an end point.", "\n\nPRESSURE.", "\n\nI was also paying my collaborators for the work they were doing.", "\n\nIt's amazing how spending money quickly brings things into focus and raises your level of commitment. ", "When you decide to start writing cheques you are also deciding to get more serious about your project.", "\n\nPRESSURE.", "\n\nI use the same process to make an album. ", "The same process to make a Web platform. ", "Same process when I'm preparing a presentation for a business conference. ", "And the same process while writing these words.", "\n\nThe creative process is not only repeatable but it is also transferable.", "\n\nCreative thinking is transcendent. ", "It can move beyond genre and discipline.", "\n\nIt is adaptable. ", "Unfortunately, most of us are not. ", "We have an incredible need to define ourselves in relation to what we do.", "\n\nI AM A ________?", "\n\nIn order to make our creative thinking transferable we first need to be able to mentally divorce it from our chosen discipline. ", "We need to be able to visualize our creative thinking as one thing and the discipline we work in as another. ", "It is very common for creative people to intertwine these two concepts so tightly that they appear as one. ", "We marry the act of creative thinking to the object of our creativity.", "\n\nI'M A CHOREOGRAPHER\n\nI'm creative in relation to dance\n\nI'M A DESIGNER\n\nI'm creative in relation to design\n\nI'M AN ENTREPRENEUR\n\nI'm creative in relation to business\n\nWhen we do this, it makes it very difficult to really under-stand and define our creative skill set and then use that creative thinking in other areas of our lives. ", "We marry ourselves to our chosen discipline.", "\n\nInstead, try to visualize creative thinking as a language. ", "Once you speak the language of creativity you can talk about many different subjects, not just one. ", "You may need to learn some additional vocabulary for each specific subject, but you already speak the language.", "\n\nI'm not going to pretend that each of us will be equal in every discipline. ", "Interest and natural ability always play a big factor, but the ability to see one's creative thinking as separate from genre is one of the first steps to freeing up our creative process. ", "An inadvertent side effect of this is that when you liberate your creative thinking from the discipline to which you have tied it, you suddenly free yourself to be interested equally in many different things.", "\n\nWhen I tied my creativity to music, I was only interested in music and I could only use my creative thinking in relation to music. ", "I believed they were bound together.", "\n\nOnce I realized my creative thinking was an autonomous process and not married to just music, then suddenly a whole new field of possible interests opened up to me.", "\n\nMaybe the love I had for music could be found in many different places. ", "Maybe it was more about the process of creativity than the specific genre. ", "And just maybe I could use that same creative thinking and process in relation to all kinds of different ideas and situations.", "\n\nWhen you learn the language of creativity it alters the lens through which you see the world.", "\n\nIn many ways, the journey of making this book parallels the story within it. ", "I started without any idea of how to work the medium of the book. ", "I had many false starts and had to apply all my former creative knowledge to this new discipline to get it finished.", "\n\nI threw myself in, got lost and overwhelmed. ", "And then, I refocused on process.", "\n\nEXPLORATION, COLLECTION, FILE, FILTER, CREATIVE COLLISIONS, THE WORK AND, FINALLY, DELIVERY.", "\n\nThe day I shipped out the manuscript was beyond scary and overwhelming, but win, lose, or draw, this book has already delivered me someplace new. ", "I am a different person and in a different place than when I started. ", "It has opened up all kinds of ideas and opportunities. ", "The experience of making Let the Elephants Run has changed me and is already leading me to my next creative adventure.", "\n\nThis is it. ", "This is your life. ", "The decisions you make every day, minute by minute and second by second, compile to determine how it will unfold. ", "You get to choose what comes next.", "\n\nWill you choose the safe path? ", "The low-risk, well-trodden route travelled by everyone?Or will it be the curious life and the adventure of creative thinking?The choice doesn't need to be radical.", "Will you invest a little time each day in the pursuit of something new?", "\n\nBefore you pick, consider this:\n\nIn this new world, in this revolutionary time in our history, the old paradigms about risk versus safety no longer exist. ", "The old world of stability is gone and the only thing you can be sure of is that the future will be volatile. ", "For our jobs and our careers and our lives, change is the new normal. ", "The path you choose right now, at this moment, will determine how prepared you are to handle that change when it comes knocking on your door.", "\n\n\"Give me a sign, give me a reason to hold on I'm holding on what is a life, a series of moments all in a line just passing by...\"\n\nDavid Usher And So We Run\n\nListen to the song \"And So We Run\" at davidusher.com/elephantmusic/\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n\nNothing would be possible or worth a damn without the love and support of my family, friends, and collaborators.", "\n\nA million thank-yous...\n\nCoco, Océane, and Sabrina, Samphan and Dan Usher, Sasha Amland, Luna Amland, Sebastian Skaanvik, Sindre Amland, Ann Danaiya Usher and Bjorn Amland, Nini Reeves, Dylan Reeves, Damon Reeves, Tony Chong, Carol Prieur, Nancy Prieur, Elijah Brown, Mark Eden-Towle, Lucie Vigneault, Mélanie Demers, Sandrine Lafond, Mitch Joel, Sav Stratis, Raphael Mazzucco, Kai McCall, Sepideh Anvar, Stephen O'Connell, Lucy Simic, Richard Windeyer, Ciara Adams, Geneviève Borne, Caroline Blanchette, Oana Avasilichioaei, Marilène Bastien, Paolo Santos, Dave MacLeod, Axel Morgenthaler, Bronwen Low, David Smith, Jonathan Gallivan, Emily McInnes, Kevin Young, Carla Palmer, Graeme McDonald, Tracey Filson, Mark Makoway, Jay Abraham, Francis Fillion, Louis Lalancette, Marty Bolduc, Matt Lamarche, Guillaume Doiron, Jeff Craib and everyone at the Feldman Agency, Sarah MacLachlan, Janice Zawerbny and everyone at House of Anansi Press, Caroline Fortin and everyone at Québec Amérique, Martin Perelmuter, Farah Perelmuter, Mélanie Roy and everyone at Speaker's Spotlight.", "\nCREDITS \nQUOTES\n\n15 (Page numbers refer to print edition)\n\nNational Geographic Society\n\n\"Early Human Populations Evolved Separately For 100,000 Years.\"", "\n\nScience Daily, 25 April 2008.", "\n\n22\n\nRoger Fisher & William L. Ury\n\nGetting To Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In\n\nNew York Penguin Group, 1981\n\n23\n\nAdam Mansbach\n\nGo the f*** to sleep\n\nNew York Akashic Books, 2011\n\n27\n\nErnest Hemingway\n\nA Moveable Feast\n\nNew York Scribner's, 1964\n\n34\n\nAlison Gopnik\n\n\"Why preschool shouldn't be like school\"\n\nSlate, March 2011\n\n35\n\nMadeline Levine\n\nTeach Your Children Well\n\nCITY HarperCollins, 2012\n\n41\n\nAdam Smith\n\nThe Wealth of Nations\n\nLondon Pelican Books, 1776\n\n44\n\nKen Robinson\n\nOut of Our Minds\n\nNorth Mankato, MN Capstone Publishing, 2011\n\n61\n\nSteve blank\n\nWhy the lean start-up changes everything\n\nHarvard Business Review, May 2013.", "\n\n62\n\nSteve Blank\n\n\"Why the lean start-up changes everything,\"\n\nHarvard Business Review, May 2013\n\n63\n\nReid Hoffman\n\nNick Saint\n\nBusiness Insider, Nov 13 2009\n\n66\n\nMary Shelley\n\nFrankenstein\n\nLondon Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, 1817\n\n72\n\nDanny Rubin & Harold Ramis\n\nGroundhog Day\n\nColumbia Pictures, 1993\n\n75\n\nMacklemore & Ryan Lewis\n\nTen Thousand Hours\n\nCopyright 2011\n\nMacklemore Publishing & Ryan Lewis Publishing\n\n81\n\nDavid usher\n\n\"The perfect time to get creative is now\"\n\nHuffington Post, 2012\n\n85\n\nStanley kubrick in michel ciment\n\nKubrick: the definitive edition part 4\n\nLondon Macmillan, 2003\n\n90\n\nSeth Godin\n\nPurple Cow: Transform Your Business By Being Remarkable\n\nNew York Penguin Group, 2003\n\n91\n\nDavid Usher & Jeff Pearce\n\n\"How Are You?\"", "\n\nMorning Orbit\n\nSony / ATV Music Publishing /Aranya Music, 2001\n\n105\n\nSusan Cain\n\nQuiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking\n\nNew York Crown Publishing Group, 2012\n\n110\n\nAmy Cuddy\n\nYour Body Language Shapes Who You Are\n\nTED, 2012\n\n119\n\nNoel Langley & L. Frank Baum\n\nThe Wizard of Oz\n\nMGM, 1939\n\n137\n\nAndy & Lana Wachowski\n\nThe Matrix\n\nVillage Roadshow Pictures, Warner Bros, 1999\n\n156\n\nPaul Graham\n\n\"How to start a startup,\"\n\npaulgraham.com March 2005\n\n169\n\nDavid Usher & Jeff Pearce\n\n\"Black Black Heart\"\n\nMorning Orbit\n\nSony / ATV Music Publishing /Aranya Music, 2001\n\n174\n\nWalter Mosely in Meredith Maran\n\nWhy We Write\n\nNew York Penguin Group, 2013\n\n176\n\nDerek Sivers\n\nAnything You Want\n\nThe Domino Project, 2011\n\n199\n\nBen Horowitz & Alyson Shontell\n\n\"The truest startup advice you'll ever read, from founders who have actually been there\"\n\nBusiness Insider, 2012\n\n205\n\nGeorge Santayana\n\nLife of Reason, Reason in Common Sense\n\nScribner's, 1905\n\n216\n\nDavid Usher\n\nWake Up and Say Goodbye\n\nAranya Music, 2008\nCREDITS \nPHOTOS\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Books3" }

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[ "Khomir Kandeh\n\nKhomir Kandeh (, also Romanized as Khomīr Kandeh) is a village in Nowkand Kola Rural District, in the Central District of Qaem Shahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. ", "At the 2006 census, its population was 161, in 45 families.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Populated places in Qaem Shahr County" ]

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[ "The crises in front of a commissioner can shift at any time. ", "At the moment, Rob Manfred is closely monitoring a federal investigation into allegations that the St. Louis Cardinals illegally infiltrated the database of the Houston Astros. ", "Of lesser concern, but still a potential embarrassment, is the possibility that eight Kansas City Royals will be voted to start the All-Star Game next month.", "\n\nBut Manfred’s overarching agenda never changes. ", "His first public appearance after being elected last August was at the Little League World Series. ", "And in January, just before taking over for Bud Selig, Manfred said his top priority would be expanding baseball through youth participation — in or out of organized leagues.", "\n\n“My parents’ backyard had a hedge around it that was a great outfield wall,” said Manfred, 56, who grew up in Rome, N.Y. “I can remember periodically somebody would take out one of those trees in the hedge, and my father, who always kept a nice yard, would be mad. ", "My mother would say, ‘Well, what do you want to do — grow kids, or trees?’ ”", "\n\nIt is an idyllic American scene, to be sure — children playing ball on their own — and consistent with baseball’s image as the national pastime. ", "But there is a strategic reason for wanting to preserve it. ", "If children play baseball, they are much more likely to be fans and consumers when they grow up." ]

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