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[ "This invention is directed to high surface area monolithic structures composed of sintered ceramic oxide materials which have high porosity. ", "The structures are useful as filters for fluids and as catalytic substrates in that they provide high surface area for particular filtration or for deposition of catalytic material. ", "The invention is more particularly directed to structures in which the ceramic material is primarily alumina, titania, or zirconia which has been modified, prior to firing or sintering, by admixture with a phosphate material that generates P.sub.2 O.sub.5 upon heating. ", "The structures are particularly useful as catalyst supports in the conversion of automotive exhausts and in reduction of NOx emissions from industrial sources, and as fluid filters, such as those used in diesel engines.", "\nConventional monolithic ceramic catalyst supports consist of an underlying ceramic support material with a coating of high surface area material upon which the catalyst itself is actually deposited. ", "In particular, the ceramic support is prepared by sintering a mold of clay or other ceramic oxide (alumina, titania, cordierite, etc.) ", "at a temperature sufficiently high to densify and strengthen the material. ", "Temperatures high enough to result in effective sintering, however, also cause pore shrinkage and other microstructural changes that result in the sintered material's having a very low surface area. ", "Consequently, the sintered ceramic must be coated with another material having a higher surface area, often a ceramic material itself that has not been sintered or pre-reacted, on which to actually deposit the catalyst. ", "This procedure of applying a high surface area \"wash-coat\" on the low surface area ceramic wall is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "2,742,437 and 3,824,196.", "\nIn addition to the exposure to high temperature during sintering, however, catalyst support structures can also be exposed to elevated temperatures in service. ", "The surface area of a wash-coat can be substantially degraded, and the surface area of the underlying ceramic may also further be reduced in some instances, because of the high service temperatures, such as those of automotive exhaust gases, to which they are exposed. ", "It is therefore desirable to use ceramic materials that are, or can be modified to be, resistant to loss of surface area when exposed to elevated temperatures either during firing or service. ", "One such material is a mixture of 50-93% by weight alumina and 7-50% by weight silica as disclosed in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,631,269 (Lachman et al, issued Dec. 23, 1986).", "\nIt is an object of the present invention to provide an improved monolithic structure that can be sintered to provide structural strength and integrity without loss of appreciable surface area. ", "It is a further object of the invention to provide a structure that resists thermal degradation of its porosity and available surface area despite exposure to elevated temperatures in catalytic conversion processes." ]

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[ "\n737 A.2d 715 (1999)\n325 N.J. Super. ", "61\nSPRINT SPECTRUM, L.P., Plaintiff,\nv.\nTOWNSHIP OF WARREN PLANNING BOARD et al., ", "Defendant.", "\nSuperior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Somerset County.", "\nDecided July 9, 1999.", "\n*716 Anthony F. Malaga, Jr., Gaccione, Pomaco & Beck, Attorney for Plaintiff.", "\nJohn C. Phillips, Westfield, Buttermore, Mullen, Jeremiah and Phillips, Esqs., ", "Attorney for Defendant Warren Township Planning Board.", "\nStanley T. Perlowski, Millburn, Attorney for Defendants Warren Township Board of Health and Dr. Ronald Cohen.", "\nHOENS, J.S.C.\nBefore the Court is the Order to Show Cause filed by plaintiff Sprint Spectrum L.P., seeking judgment in its favor on all counts contained in its verified complaint in lieu of prerogative writ. ", "Defendants Township of Warren Planning Board (\"Planning Board\"), Township of Warren Board of Health (\"Board of Health\") and *717 Dr. Ronald Cohen filed briefs and certifications in opposition to the application of plaintiff for relief and request that the Court deny any and all relief and dismiss the complaint. ", "The dispute between these parties raises a novel question not previously decided in New Jersey of the scope of federal preemption of local review relating to cell towers, as a result of which we address the issues raised by these parties at length.", "\nThe facts are not in dispute. ", "In 1995, plaintiff was the highest bidder at an auction held by the Federal Communications Commission (\"FCC\") for a PCS wireless broadcast license in the New York Major Trading Area (\"MTA\"). ", "This license includes Somerset County, the county in which the subject site is located, and provides that, within five years of the issuance of the license, plaintiff must be able to provide its PCS service to 33% of the population in the New York MTA. ", "In order to meet its obligations under the FCC license, plaintiff must, within the time established under the license, have in place a system of \"cell sites\" to serve portable wireless communications handsets and mobile telephones. ", "These \"cell sites\" consist of an antenna mounted on a pole, building or other structure, connected to a small equipment cabinet located near the antenna.", "\nOn or about September 25, 1998, plaintiff filed an application with the Planning Board for installation of the antenna which gives rise to this dispute. ", "That application included a checklist of items that needed to be submitted in order to complete the application process. ", "Thereafter, by letter dated November 9, 1998, defendant Ronald Cohen (the Health Officer) advised plaintiff that among the items included on the checklist, was the requirement that the application, as every other application, to be reviewed by the Board of Health before it would be permitted to proceed before the Planning Board. ", "That letter further outlined the areas of inquiry relevant to the Board of Health. ", "Counsel for the applicant responded immediately, contending that under the provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, 47 U.S.C. § 332, its application was excluded from any Board of Health review, but offered to appear and answer questions nonetheless. ", "Counsel for the Board of Health responded, disputing the applicant's interpretation of federal law but accepting, in essence, the applicant's offer to appear. ", "Thereafter, Cohen advised plaintiff of a scheduled Board of Health meeting on December 2, 1998, and suggested that plaintiff's engineer be present on that date to answer questions regarding radio frequency (\"RF\") emissions at the site. ", "In response, on November 24, 1998, counsel for plaintiff wrote to counsel for the Board of Health continuing to assert that the Board of Health is prohibited by Federal law from review of engineering data concerning plaintiff's compliance with RF emissions and that its facility was excluded from review by the Board of Health.", "\nNotwithstanding plaintiff's assertion regarding limitations on the authority of the Board of Health to act, on December 1, 1998, plaintiff filed with the Board of Health a report from Bell Labs dated November 30, 1998 containing its expert's RF emissions analysis regarding the proposed wireless communications facility. ", "The report asserted that the RF emissions at the proposed facility complied with the applicable regulations promulgated by the FCC. ", "The report stated that it was prepared by the Wireless & Optical Technologies Safety Department at Bell Laboratories for Mike Hughes at Sprint Spectrum. ", "The name of the author was not disclosed, and the document was neither signed nor verified as FCC regulations required.", "\nOn December 2, 1998, plaintiff's counsel appeared at the meeting of the Board of Health accompanied by an expert from Bell Laboratories. ", "However, Mr. Cohen on behalf of the Board of Health advised that since plaintiff's RF emissions analysis report was not submitted until the day before, December 1, 1998, the Board of *718 Health had not had an opportunity to adequately review the report and, therefore, was unable to conduct a hearing on December 2, 1998 as planned. ", "As a result, the Board of Health did not conduct any inquiry of the applicant or its expert and took no action on the application at that meeting. ", "On February 2, 1999, plaintiff filed revised plans with the Planning Board. ", "Counsel for plaintiff at that time requested that the Planning Board determine that the application was complete and requested that it be placed on the agenda of the Planning Board, notwithstanding the applicant's failure to secure Board of Health approval, contending that federal law prohibited review of RF emissions.", "\nOn March 9, 1999, plaintiff's counsel, once again, filed with the Board of Health the original Bell Laboratories Report, together with an additional report from Bell Laboratories prepared by RF Engineer Paul Testagrossa. ", "In addition, plaintiff's counsel requested a hearing before the Board of Health. ", "Thereafter, plaintiff's application was placed on the Board of Health's agenda for its April 7, 1999 meeting. ", "Plaintiff received a scheduling memorandum, dated March 12, 1999 which advised plaintiff to \"plan to attend or make arrangements to have your representative present to answer any questions concerning your application.\" ", "In a letter to the Planning Board dated March 20, 1999, plaintiff's counsel again advised that plaintiff believed its application was exempt from Board of Health review and advised that plaintiff would not be appearing at the April meeting or presenting any additional testimony to the Board of Health.", "\nBy letter dated April 6, 1999, defendant Sigrid Mueller (Administrator of the Warren Township Planning Board) advised counsel for plaintiff that the Planning Board had denied plaintiff's request for a waiver of Board of Health review and advised that the application would be considered to be incomplete until such time as plaintiff satisfied the Board of Health with regard to RF emissions and other health issues. ", "Notwithstanding that, plaintiff did not attend the April 7, 1999 meeting of the Board of Health, and, in light of that absence, that body again took no action on the application.", "\nOn the return date of this Order to Show Cause, plaintiff sought an order from this Court: (1) declaring the actions of the defendants to be in violation of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, 47 U.S.C. § 332; (2) ordering that the Planning Board and the Board of Health are precluded from further consideration of the effects of RF emissions; (3) ordering the Planning Board to certify plaintiff's application complete as of February 2, 1999, the date of its request to the Planning Board for action on the application; (4) ordering the Planning Board to conduct a hearing on plaintiff's application within twenty days; (5) declaring defendants to be in violation of plaintiff's civil rights pursuant to 42 U.S.C.A. § 1983 and awarding attorney's fees pursuant to 42 U.S.C.A. § 1988, and (6) ordering that the Court will retain jurisdiction of the matter until the Planning Board enters a decision with regard to plaintiff's application.", "\nPlaintiff contends that Section 704 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 arose out of the expressed intention of Congress to create greatly expanded competition in telecommunications and that as a result, it severely limited the ability of any state or local authority to apply zoning regulations to wireless telecommunications facilities. ", "Sprint argues that, under the Act, zoning regulations are permissible only to the extent that they do not interfere with the purposes of the Act. ", "It notes that section 704 of the Act provides in pertinent part:\n(7) Preservation of local zoning authority\n...\n(B)(i) The regulation of the placement, construction and modification of personal wireless service facilities by any State or local government or instrumentality thereof— *719 (I) Shall not unreasonably discriminate among providers of functionally equivalent services;\n(II) Shall not prohibit or have the effect of prohibiting the provision of personal wireless services;\n(ii) A State or local government or instrumentality thereof shall act on any request for authorization to place, construct or modify personal wireless service facilities within a reasonable period of time after the request is duly filed with such government or instrumentality, taking into account the nature and scope of such request.", "\n(iii) Any decision by a State or local government or instrumentality thereof to deny a request to place, construct or modify personal wireless service facilities shall be in writing and supported by substantial evidence contained in a written record.", "\n47 U.S.C.A. § 332(c)(7)(B).", "\nIn particular as it relates to the issue before this Court, the Act further provides:\n(iv) No State or local government or instrumentality thereof may regulate the placement, construction, and modification of personal wireless services facilities on the basis of the environmental effects of radio frequency emissions to the extent that such facilities comply with the Commission's regulations concerning such emissions.", "\n47 U.S.C.A. § 332(c)(7)(B)(iv).", "\nPlaintiff argues that the Act broadly preempts any local or state governmental entity from interfering with the effectuation of the Act's purpose and that it specifically prohibits the Board of Health and the Planning Board from inquiring into the effects of RF emissions as a precondition to approval of the application. ", "Moreover, plaintiff contends that the New Jersey Supreme Court has held that 47 U.S.C.A. § 332(c)(7)(B)(iv) preempts completely local consideration of RF emissions, citing Smart SMR of New York, Inc. v. Fair Lawn Board of Adjustment, 152 N.J. 309, 334, 704 A.2d 1271 (1998), and urges this Court to act so as to effectuate the broad preemptive purpose of the Act.", "\nHere, plaintiff contends that any request by the Board of Health or the Planning Board that plaintiff submit to a hearing before the Board of Health as a precondition to approval of its application is a violation of the Act. ", "Plaintiff argues that it submitted to the Board of Health a report dated November 30, 1998 from Bell Labs addressing RF emissions at the proposed facility. ", "According to plaintiff, the report indicated that RF emissions expected at the site complied with all applicable FCC regulations concerning such emissions. ", "Plaintiffs contend that once proof is submitted that RF emissions meet applicable standards, local authorities are preempted from any further inquiry regarding the issue of RF emissions, citing In re Freeman, 975 F.Supp. ", "570, 574 (D.Vt.1997). ", "Plaintiff argues that, despite the fact that it submitted an engineering report establishing that the anticipated RF emissions comply with the FCC regulations, the Board of Health and the Planning Board refused to certify plaintiff's application as complete, which action Sprint contends violates federal law.", "\nAlternatively, plaintiff contends that the Planning Board's requirement that Sprint secure Board of Health approval for its application as a prerequisite to a consideration of the application is an impermissible delegation of its decision making powers in violation of the Municipal Land Use Law, N.J.S.A. 40:55D-25. ", "As a result, Sprint urges the Court to relieve it of the burden of any compliance with the Planning Board's deferral to the Board of Health, and requests that the Court deem, as a consequence, the application complete, and direct the Planning Board to proceed.", "\nThe defendants submitted separate oppositions, each urging the Court to deny all requested relief but relying on somewhat different grounds. ", "The defendants Board of Health and Dr. Cohen contend *720 that the Act is not broadly nor generally preemptive and cannot be used to interfere with the legitimate and ordinary inquiries of the Board of Health. ", "In this regard the Board of Health contends that Section 322(c)(7) of the Communications Act actually preserved local government authority over zoning and land use matters provided that such actions cannot be based upon the environmental effects of RF emissions which have been shown to comply with the RF guidelines established by the FCC. ", "As a result, the Board of Health argues that plaintiff's obligation to comply with the requirements of the Township Ordinance concerning securing a Board of Health certification, as a condition to completed application status, is not preempted by the FCC. ", "Furthermore, the Board of Health contends that plaintiff's obligation to comply with its reasonable public health requirements with regard to issues other than RF emissions (such as site security, the use of back-up generators, battery storage and leakage) are plainly not preempted by the Act. ", "Finally, the Board of Health argues that the federal telecommunications laws and regulations were not devised to exempt applicants such as plaintiff from the requirements for filing applications and supporting documents reasonably in advance of meetings, in order that the members have the time to read them before acting on them nor from attendance at meetings of the Board of Health to present their applications and answer questions, except where RF compliance has been properly demonstrated. ", "For these reasons the Board of Health asks the Court to dismiss this action.", "\nThe defendant Planning Board contends that plaintiff has failed to correctly frame the issue and urges the Court to focus on the actual dispute. ", "The issue, in the Planning Board's view, is whether the request by the Board of Health that plaintiff submit satisfactory proof that its proposed facility does, in fact, comply with the standards set by the relevant federal regulations and provide information regarding potential health concerns at the site other than any RF emission concerns (e.g., use of batteries and other power sources,) is prohibited by the Act. ", "It contends that it and the Board of Health simply want the applicant to demonstrate that the facility complies with the FCC standards, and argues that Sprint's refusal to explain its expert's report and methodology or to answer other health questions is impermissible.", "\nThe Planning Board argues that by its focus on the narrow question of RF emissions, plaintiff ignores the fact that the Board of Health (or the Planning Board if it so chose) has the right to verify that the emissions do comply with relevant Federal standards, ignores the fact that the Board of Health has the right to review other health related issues such as batteries and other on site power sources and ignores the fact that the Planning Board simply requested that the applicant satisfy the same check list requirements imposed on every other applicant to the Planning Board.", "\nMoreover, the Planning Board contends that plaintiff's allegations concerning compliance with the MLUL and its allegations as to civil rights violations are wholly without merit. ", "As to the MLUL, it argues that it has not delegated its decision making authority to the Board of Health and has adopted by ordinance its procedures concerning applications as authorized by the statute. ", "As to the civil rights claims, it contends that its failure to act on an incomplete application simply does not state a claim for a civil rights violation. ", "Consequently, the Planning Board asks that the Order to Show Cause be discharged and plaintiff's complaint be dismissed. ", "According to the Board, until plaintiff complies with the ordinances of the Township of Warren and the procedures governing every application for development of any site plan, there is no basis for legal relief.", "\nWe turn first to the plaintiff's contention that the requirement imposed on applicants by the Planning Board that they *721 secure a Board of Health approval in advance of any consideration by the Planning Board is an impermissible delegation of duties under the MLUL. ", "First, it is noteworthy that the applicant made no objection to this requirement in the first instance, and only raised its argument that the requirement is an improper delegation of duties after the Board of Health refused to proceed with a hearing on December 2, in effect refusing to waive its requirement that it be given materials to consider fourteen days in advance of the meeting at which the issue is to be considered and which it contends would have forced it to accept without question the conclusions of the unsigned and unverified report of the applicant's consultant at the December 2 meeting. ", "In fact, it is of note that the applicant was aware that the Planning Board had rejected its request for a waiver of the Board of Health review prior to the April 7 meeting scheduled by the Board of Health and at which the issue might well have been resolved had the applicant chosen to attend as it had a right to do.", "\nApart from the interesting issue of whether such actions by Sprint constitute a waiver of the right to object to the Planning Board's usual procedure of requiring a Board of Health review, there is nothing in the MLUL which prohibits the procedure utilized by the Planning Board here. ", "As the Planning Board points out, the use of a checklist procedure for determining whether and when an application is complete is specifically permitted by the MLUL, see N.J.S.A 40:55D-10.3 and has specifically been endorsed by our courts, see Purwin v. Bernards Twp. ", "Planning Board, 221 N.J.Super. ", "243, 534 A.2d 96 (Law Div.1987). ", "Nor is there anything in the use of a checklist or the inclusion on the list of the requirement for a Board of Health hearing or certificate which violates the MLUL or constitutes an impermissible delegation of duties. ", "Plaintiff had the option under the MLUL of seeking a waiver, a remedy of which it did not initially avail itself, and which was promptly reviewed when the applicant sought the waiver after the failed effort to have the Board of Health act in early December. ", "Nothing in the requirement itself bespeaks a decision by the Planning Board to defer its decision making authority to the Board of Health, which would be improper under the MLUL, as the Board of Health input is and remains advisory only. ", "As there is no ground on which to find that the requirement, which the Planning Board asserts and Sprint does not seriously contest is included in the Township Ordinance as required by the MLUL, of compliance with the matters on the checklist constitutes an impermissible delegation under that statute, the application by the plaintiff before the Court on this ground must be denied.", "\nWe turn then to the contentions of the plaintiff that the requirement for Board of Health review violates the provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. ", "That Act provides, in pertinent part,\nno State or local government or instrumentality thereof may regulate the placement, construction, and modification of personal wireless services facilities on the basis of the environmental effects of radio frequency emissions to the extent that such facilities comply with the Commission's regulations concerning such emissions.", "\n47 U.S.C.A. § 332(c)(7)(B)(iv). ", "The real focus of the dispute and of the plaintiff's contention here, is the scope of the preemptive language in the Act. ", "Plaintiff contends that the preemptive scope is broad and all-inclusive, prohibiting any inquiry of any type relating to RF emissions. ", "Plaintiff cites the Act but also contends that our Supreme Court adopted this view in its only published decision to touch upon the issue, citing Smart SMR v. Fair Lawn Bd. ", "of Adjustment, 152 N.J. 309, 334, 704 A.2d 1271 (1998). ", "Defendants disagree, arguing that the Act does not deprive them of the right to inquire into health related issues other than the effects of RF emissions and that the Act does not prevent *722 them from assuring themselves that the facility does comply with RF emissions regulations.", "\nThis Court agrees with the defendants. ", "First, while the Act expresses a strong preemptive policy, see 47 U.S.C.A. § 332(c)(3), the Act also expresses an intention to preserve, in general, the authority of state or local government to assert and to perform its usual zoning functions. ", "Specifically, the Act provides\n(7) Preservation of local zoning authority\n(A) General Authority\nExcept as provided in this paragraph, nothing in this chapter shall limit or affect the authority of a state or local government or instrumentality thereof over decisions regarding the placement, construction, and modification of personal wireless service facilities.", "\n47 U.S.C.A. § 332(c)(7)(A). ", "As a result, the preemptive language which is included in subsequent paragraphs is to be narrowly and not broadly construed, for the expressed intention of Congress is to effect a limited preemption and not an expansive one.", "\nSecond, the actual preemptive language of the Act rests upon a demonstration by the applicant of compliance with the RF emissions as established in the applicable federal regulations. ", "That language, by its own terms, requires compliance with federally-established RF emissions levels as a prerequisite to preemption. ", "In Sprint's view, compliance is shown merely by serving a report which it contends establishes its compliance with the applicable RF emissions requirements. ", "And in Sprint's view, it is beyond the scope of the local authority's powers to review that report, to raise questions about its methodology or its calculations, or to make any inquiry of any kind, in spite of the fact that in this particular case, its report was unsigned and unverified as required by applicable federal regulations, see 47 C.F.R. §§ 1.17, 1.52, and in spite of its initial concession, by its appearance before the Board of Health, that the Board retained some authority to review the report and to act. ", "Here, plaintiff submitted a report from Bell Labs addressing RF emissions at the proposed facility one day before a previously scheduled hearing. ", "While plaintiff's counsel appeared at the meeting of the Board of Health accompanied by an expert from Bell Laboratories, it has, since that time, been apparent that plaintiff believes that it has no obligation to explain that report or its methodology. ", "Plaintiff contends that the report in and of itself was sufficient to demonstrate that the proposed facility will comply with Federal RF emission standards. ", "More significant, plaintiff suggests that the Act requires the municipality to simply accept its assertion of compliance without question. ", "Defendants contend that the report fails to make clear the method by which plaintiff's expert arrived at his conclusions or performed his calculations, and assert it is necessary to question plaintiff's expert on how he arrived at the conclusions outlined in the report. ", "Nothing in this request or this procedure violates the conceded preemptive reach of the Act. ", "The Board has made no effort to impose its own view of RF levels on the application nor to substitute its judgment for that of the FCC, but has merely sought a demonstration of compliance. ", "Nothing in the statutory language is so broadly preemptive as to excuse the applicant from having to demonstrate compliance with FCC regulations regarding RF emissions. ", "And nothing in this language permits the applicant to submit an unsigned report with technically complex calculations and contend, as plaintiff does here, that the municipality is bound by statute to accept its assertion that the facility is in compliance.", "\nPursuant to the Act, an applicant must demonstrate compliance with RF emission standards established by the *723 FCC. ", "47 U.S.C.A. § 332(C)(7)(b)(iv). ", "It is not, by virtue of the Act, exempt from showing that it complies, it is merely exempt from a locally-imposed and more stringent emissions standard. ", "It is this Court's opinion, therefore, that nothing in the Board of Health review procedure here utilized contravenes the authority of the FCC as preserved in the Act.", "\nNor is there anything in our Supreme Court's most recent decision respecting the preemptive reach of the Act which compels us to reach the conclusion urged upon us by plaintiff. ", "In Smart SMR v. Fair Lawn Bd. ", "of Adjustment, supra, the Supreme Court held that the Board of Adjustment violated the Act by permitting neighbors of the proposed facility to testify that they believed that the RF emissions sanctioned by the FCC were not sufficiently stringent to protect their health. ", "Id. at 333, 704 A.2d 1271. ", "It was this type of input and this expression of local concern which that Board not only permitted but on which it relied in rejecting the application and which the Supreme Court held was specifically preempted. ", "Id. at 334, 704 A.2d 1271. ", "Nothing in that decision, however, implies that the preemptive reach of the Act is so broad or all encompassing as to require a Municipal Board to accept without question that a complex technical report in and of itself demonstrates compliance with federal regulations. ", "Rather, we hold that the preemptive reach of the Act does not prevent a municipality from requiring an explanation to ensure that the federal RF emissions standards have been met and the federal standards satisfied. ", "As a result, while the supplemental submission by the applicant satisfied the federal requirements concerning verification and cured that threshold defect, the explanations of the methodology remain an area of appropriate Board of Health inquiry. ", "Furthermore, the Board of Health here sought information from plaintiff regarding issues other than RF emissions such as site security, the use of back-up generators, battery storage and leakage. ", "These issues and these ordinary health concerns are not preempted under any analysis of the Act and these inquiries have yet to be addressed by plaintiff.", "\nThus, as it respects the Board of Health, its refusal to issue a certification pending the appearance by plaintiff's representative is entirely appropriate. ", "Moreover, the refusal of the Planning Board to waive that requirement based upon its interpretation of the Federal Act was permissible. ", "Here, the Planning Board simply requested that plaintiff satisfy the same check list requirements facing every other such applicant. ", "Based upon this analysis, plaintiff's request to have the Court deem its application complete and require the Planning Board to act must be denied. ", "To grant it the relief it seeks would be to exempt it completely from review by the appropriate local authorities, a result neither mandated by nor permitted by the Act.", "\nFurthermore, plaintiff's civil rights claim is without any merit. ", "Actions under the Civil Rights Act are only sustainable when a person or governmental entity, acting under color of state law, allegedly violates a Federal law. ", "Maine v. Thiboutot, 448 U.S. 1, 100 S.Ct. ", "2502, 65 L.Ed.2d 555 (1980). ", "The defendants' actions as to plaintiff were not taken in violation of the Telecommunications Act. ", "Here, defendants are simply enforcing, in a nondiscriminatory and permissible fashion, municipal ordinances relating to matters clearly within their purview. ", "As such, plaintiff cannot recover on its civil rights claim, which claim must as a result be dismissed.", "\nBased on the foregoing, plaintiff's Order to Show Cause seeking to deem its application for site plan approval complete is denied. ", "Defendants' request that plaintiff's complaint be dismissed is granted.", "\n" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates generally to computer software. ", "More particularly, the present invention relates to methods and apparatus for implementing a class loader adapted for loading classes associated with an application.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nThe digital television revolution is one of the most significant events in the history of broadcast television. ", "With the advent of digital television, high speed data transfer is possible via satellite, cable and terrestrial television channels. ", "Digital television will offer users more channels as well as significantly improved video and audio quality. ", "Most importantly, digital television ushers in the age of true interactive television. ", "For instance, digital receivers will be able to offer users a variety of enhanced services, from simple interactive quiz shows, to Internet over the air, and a mix of television and web-type content. ", "As the market for digital television grows, content developers are looking for a feature-rich, cost-effective, and reliable software platform upon which to build the next generation of interactive television services such as Electronic Programming Guides, Video-On-Demand, and Enhanced Broadcasting.", "\nJava is a leading commercial object-oriented language designed as a portable language. ", "A Java program can be written and compiled once and run on any compatible device that supports the JAVA(trademark) PLATFORM. ", "For instance, Java is incorporated into all major Web browsers. ", "Thus, Java runs on any web-enabled computer via that computer\"\"s Web browser. ", "As such, it offers great promise as the software platform for the next generation of set-top boxes and digital televisions.", "\nIn object-oriented programmning, runtime data are represented by objects. ", "Each object is defined via its class, which determines the properties of an object. ", "In other words, objects are individual instances of a class. ", "To run a Java application, the related classes are loaded into memory. ", "Instances of these classes are then constructed following the flow of the program. ", "Most object-oriented languages require that all objects that are created be actively destroyed by the programmer when they are no longer needed. ", "However, implementations of the Java Virtal Machine typically automate this process and perform garbage collection to increase the amount of available memory. ", "Accordingly, objects are deleted or xe2x80x9cgarbage collectedxe2x80x9d automatically by the Java runtime environment when they are no longer referenced.", "\nAlthough instances of classes that are no longer referenced are removed from memory through garbage collection, the associated classes are not removed from memory. ", "Moreover, since Java is a dynamic language, class loading is commonly performed. ", "However, there is currently no mechanism for unloading the classes, even when they are no longer needed. ", "As a result, the JAVA PLATFORM will eventually store a large number of classes.", "\nIn the desktop environment, classes need not be unloaded since memory is relatively unlimited. ", "Moreover, once the browser is turned off (or closed), the classes are cleared from memory. ", "However, space is a valuable resource in the environment of embedded systems, particularly in the area of digital television. ", "Moreover, in the digital television environment, it will be common to run multiple applications. ", "For instance, when a television viewer changes the channel, each associated service will likely require that a new application with multiple classes be loaded. ", "As a result, memory will continually be allocated to the loaded classes until the limited amount of memory is consumed. ", "Once the memory is consumed, it will be impossible to run any further applications. ", "It will therefore be desirable to monitor the memory utilization and remove those classes that are no longer needed by the applications. ", "This is particularly important since it will be undesirable to reboot the television in the event of an error.", "\nIn view of the above, there is a need for improved ways to manage storage of classes in memory.", "\nThe present invention enables classes to be dynamically unloaded from memory when they are no longer needed. ", "This is accomplished, in part, through the use of an individual class loader associated with each application. ", "In this manner, memory consumption within a digital television is managed to make better use of limited memory resources.", "\nAccording to one aspect of the invention, an application manager is adapted for constructing a class loader for an application. ", "For instance, a specialized class loader may be constructed (e.g., instantiated) to load classes associated with an application that is to be loaded via a digital television receiver. ", "Accordingly, the class loader is employed to load one or more classes associated with the application.", "\nAccording to another aspect of the invention, an application manager is adapted for monitoring and managing execution of the application and de-referencing the constructed class loader when execution of an application ends or when execution of the application is terminated (e.g., by a signal). ", "Thus, when the application manager determines that the application has terminated, the classes are unloaded since they are no longer needed. ", "This is accomplished, in part, by de-referencing the class loader for the application such that the class loader becomes unreachable. ", "Since the class loader is the last to maintain a reference to the classes that it has loaded into the execution environment, these classes become unreachable when the class loader is de-referenced, provided no other instances in the runtime environment reference the classes. ", "Accordingly, when garbage collection is performed, the classes are effectively unloaded.", "\nAccording to yet another aspect of the invention, the present invention is implemented on a JAVA PLATFORM. ", "The JAVA PLATFORM provides an ideal development and deployment platform for this emerging class of interactive services. ", "The Java programming language provides content developers with a high degree of control and flexibility of the xe2x80x9clook and feelxe2x80x9d of their applications, enabling them to deliver the most dynamic and compelling interactive television experiences to their audience. ", "The garbage collection process is leveraged to shift the burden of memory allocation and memory management from the programmer to the platform. ", "In addition, interactive television applications written in the Java programming language offer security, extensibility, and portability across a diverse array of television receivers, saving content developers time and money getting their interactive applications to market.", "\nThe present invention utilizes individual class loaders to load and unload classes associated with each application. ", "Through the de-referencing of the appropriate class loaders when it is determined that the associated classes are no longer needed, the garbage collection process is leveraged to maximize the amount of available memory. ", "This is particularly important in systems having limited memory, such as in a digital television receiver." ]

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[ "Idag lägger Aftonbladets ledarsida – enligt många Sveriges ledande tonlägesatleter - om sin flyktingpolitiska linje.", "\n\nÅtminstone är det svårt att göra en annan tolkning." ]

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[ "Adolf Brunner\n\nAdolf Brunner may refer to:\n\nAdolf Brunner (composer) (1901–1992), Swiss composer \n (1900–1963), List of mayors of Herisau\nAdolf Brunner, also Adolph Brunner (1837–1909), Swiss architect, architect of orangery in the Rieterpark" ]

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[ "• Perfect for when you need just a little more to get your bow balanced right where you want it\n• Made from 303 stainless steel\n• Features an o-ring around the outside that allows for superior tightening and additional vibration dampening\n• 1\" diameter x .220\" thick\n• 1/4-20 threads\n• 2 per pack" ]

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[ "A rookie NYPD cop says her fellow officers circulated naked pictures that they claimed were of her — in mean-spirited instances of revenge-porn cyber-bullying, The Post has learned.", "\n\nPolice Officer Cristina Villeda, who works in the Bronx’s 43rd Precinct, posted the images in a since-deleted Instagram post to tell her followers it wasn’t her in the pictures after they made the rounds online.", "\n\n“Who ever is saying this is me is so wrong!” ", "the post’s caption reads below the two explicit, side-by-side images of a naked woman.", "\n\n“I’ve never in my life had my belly pierced, I’ve never owned a pink iPhone and and [sic] I have curly hair!! ", "You don’t know if I have a boyfriend or family! ", "You guys are so wrong for this! ", "Poor girl who’s picture is going around! ", "And If I’m posting this, it’s because this is never something I do.”", "\n\nThe images, which could be considered revenge porn — an act that recently became illegal across New York — apparently were circulated by a fellow cop, Villeda wrote in a follow-up post.", "\n\n“The saddest part about this all is that it’s my own ‘Blue Family’ (cops) who made this up,” the post reads.", "\n\n“For the police officer who started this all, God bless your soul 🙏🏼. You must be a miserable person to try and bring another one down through lies, and yes I’ll gladly say it’s a cop so people can see and know how embarrassing it is when it’s one of your own trying to tarnish you through false statements,” the post’s caption reads, along with the hashtags “stop bullying,” “stay strong” and “ignore the hate.”", "\n\nThe self-proclaimed “thick-skinned” officer shook off the cyber-shaming, saying neither her “ego” nor “pride” was damaged by the situation and she’s “perfectly fine.”", "\n\nVilleda is new on the force and doesn’t even have two years on the job yet.", "\n\nHer Instagram states she’s a United States Marine Corps veteran and she often shares photos of her vegan lifestyle, lavish international vacations and time on the job.", "\n\nThe matter is under internal review, an NYPD spokeswoman said." ]

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[ "INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}\n============\n\nDiarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population of developing countries.\\[[@CIT1]\\] In India, diarrheal infections are most commonly caused by *Escherichia coli (E. coli)*, with occasional outbreaks.\\[[@CIT2]\\] *E. coli* strains have been associated with a number of disease syndromes; among these, often severe and fatal infections include pyelonephritis, septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, urinary tract infections and epidemic diarrhea in adults and children. ", "The major biotypes of *E. coli* in diarrhea are enterotoxigenic *E. coli* (ETEC), enteropathogenic *E. coli* (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic *E. coli* (EHEC), enteroinvasive *E. coli* (EIEC), enteroaggregative *E. coli* (EAEC), and enteroadherent *E. coli* or diffusely adhering *E. coli* (DAEC).\\[[@CIT3]\\]\n\nFecal, oral and food-borne transmissions of *E. coli* have been well documented.\\[[@CIT4]\\] Bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics is a threat to public health throughout the world. ", "Multiple antibiotic resistances in bacteria are most commonly associated with the presence of plasmids which contain one or more resistance genes. ", "Transmission of resistance genes from normally more virulent pathogenic species to nonpathogenic organisms is very common with the animal and human intestinal tract micro flora.\\[[@CIT5]\\] Furthermore, the use of antibiotics perpetuated antibiotic resistant plasmids in countries like India, where there is an unrestricted use of antibiotics. ", "In this work, we evaluated the resistance profile of *E. coli* isolates to commonly used antibiotics and performed plasmid profiles.", "\n\nMATERIAL AND METHODS {#sec1-2}\n====================\n\nThe feces samples were collected from 170 patients below 5 years of age with diarrhea attending the Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India. ", "Standard procedures were followed for isolation and confirmation of E. *coli* strains using various biochemical reactions.\\[[@CIT6]\\] Serotyping was done at the Central Research Institute, Kasuali, Himachal Pradesh, India.", "\n\nAntibiotic susceptibility testing {#sec2-1}\n---------------------------------\n\nSusceptibility of isolated *E. coli* strains to different antibiotics was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion technique\\[[@CIT7]\\] as specified by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).\\[[@CIT8]\\] The following antibiotics were used: ampicillin (10 μg), amikacin (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), norfloxacin (10 μg), nalidixic acid (30 μg), cotrimoxazole (10 μg), imipenem (10 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg) and ceftazidime (30 μg). *", "E. coli* ATCC 25922 was used as a control.", "\n\nConjugation studies {#sec2-2}\n-------------------\n\nConjugational transfer was carried out using drug-resistant *E. coli* as donor and *E. coli* k12 plasmid-free strain resistant to kanamycin as the recipient, as described by Shohayeb *et al.*\\[[@CIT9]\\] The donors and recipient *E. coli* cells were grown to logarithmic phase, mixed together in nutrient broth. ", "Conjugation was allowed to take place for 48 hours at 37°C. ", "The mating cells were subcultured into nutrient agar plates containing ampicillin (50 μg/mL) and kanamycin (50 μg/mL) to inhibit the growth of the donor and the recipient. ", "Resistant character was determined by testing all transformants against all antibiotics to which donor strains were resistant. ", "Conjugation was confirmed as positive only when resistant transconjugants were shown to contain a plasmid of a size similar to that found in the original isolate.", "\n\nIsolation and separation of plasmid DNA {#sec2-3}\n---------------------------------------\n\nPlasmid DNA was extracted from both donor and transconjugants. ", "Small-scale alkaline lysis method was used as described by Sambrook *et al.*\\[[@CIT10]\\] Extracted plasmids were electrophoresed for 2 hours in a horizontal 0.8% agarose gel with pH 8.0 TBE buffers.\\[[@CIT11]\\] The gels were stained with ethidium bromide 0.5 μg/mL for 20 minutes, and bands were visualized by UV transilluminator. ", "Lambda DNA digested with Hind 111 and EcoRI was used as the DNA standard marker.", "\n\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION {#sec1-3}\n======================\n\nOut of 170 pediatric diarrheal samples, 105 (61.76%) *E. coli* strains were isolated. ", "Based on unpublished data, the prevalence of cases of diarrhea in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, with a known etiology was 71.83% in summer and 63.1% in monsoon. ", "Diarrhea in children in developing countries has been reported in 50% to 60% of diagnosed cases.\\[[@CIT12][@CIT13]\\] The proportion of diarrheagenic *E. coli* in Chidambaram was high as compared with that in previous reports from developing countries, as well as from India.\\[[@CIT14][@CIT15]\\] In recent years, it has become clear that *E. coli* play an important role in the etiology of acute diarrhea.\\[[@CIT16][@CIT17]\\] The major serogroups identified were as follows: 26 strains (24.8%) were O12 serogroup, 21 strains (20%) were O25 serogroup, and 20 (19%) strains were belonged to O60 serogroup. ", "About 10 (9.5%) strains of *E. coli* were untypable. ", "The resistance to antibiotics shows 29 different antibiotic resistance patterns. ", "Among them, 18 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, imipenem and cotrimoxazole alone.", "\n\nThe data presented in [Table 1](#T0001){ref-type=\"table\"} highlights the emergence of a high rate of drug resistance in *E. coli* to the common antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of diarrhea. ", "All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, imipenem and cotrimoxazole and were sensitive to amikacin. ", "The prevalence of drug resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, imipenem, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin was \"very high\" in our study. ", "This may be due to the indiscriminate use of first-line inexpensive antibiotics in our country. ", "The resistance to ampicillin and imipenem may be due to production of beta-lactamases enzymes, and the most common mechanism for resistance to cotrimoxazole is acquisition of plasmid-encoded, variant diamino-pyrimidine folate reductase enzymes.\\[[@CIT18]\\] This may be chromosomal or plasmid mediated. ", "Recently resistances to third-generation cephalosporins have emerged as a major concern, as seen in this study. ", "In India, the emergence of multidrug resistant strains and its variation over the years have been increasing.\\[[@CIT14]\\] Appropriate antibiotic therapy for diarrhea reduces mortality and also shortens the duration of symptoms. ", "Increased frequency of drug-resistant *E. coli* strains is remarkable, since resistance to first-line drugs will require more expensive drugs for effective treatment and may pose a major challenge to the health care system.", "\n\n###### \n\nAntibiotic-resistance patterns of *E. coli* isolates and plasmid analysis\n\n Antimicrobial resistance pattern No. ", "of isolates (%) No. ", "of strains with plasmids\n ---------------------------------- --------------------- ------------------------------\n Ap, I, Co 18 (17.14) 11\n Ap, I, Co, Chl 5 (4.76) 5\n Ap, I, Co, Na 2 (1.9) 2\n Ap, I, Co, Nor 9 (8.57) 5\n Ap, I, Co, Cip 5 (4.76) 3\n Ap, I, Co, Chl, Na 2 (1.9) 2\n Ap, I, Co, Chl, Cip 4 (3.81) 3\n Ap, I, Co, Na, Ca 5 (4.76) 3\n Ap, I, Co, Cip, Nor 6 (5.71) 1\n Ap, I, Co, Cip, Ca 8 (7.62) 4\n Ap, I, Co, Na, Nor 1 (0.95) 1\n Ap, I, Co, Ca, Ci 1 (0.95) 1\n Ap, I, Co, Na, Ci 1 (0.95) 1\n Ap, I, Co, Ca, Ce 2 (1.9) 1\n Ap, I, Co, Chl, Na, Nor 2 (1.9) 2\n Ap, I, Co, Chl, Cip, Ca 1 (0.95) \\-\n Ap, I, Co, Chl, Cip, Ce 4 (3.81) 3\n Ap, I, Co, Chl, Nor, Ce 2 (1.9) 2\n Ap, I, Co, Na, Cip, Ce 3 (2.86) 2\n Ap, I, Co, Na, Cip, Ca 2 (1.9) 1\n Ap, I, Co, Na, Ca, Ci 3 (2.86) 2\n Ap, I, Co, Na, Cip, Ci 2 (1.9) 2\n Ap, I, Co, Na, Nor, Ca 2 (1.9) 2\n Ap, I, Co, Na, Nor, Cip 2 (1.9) 1\n Ap, I, Co, Na, Ce, Ca 1 (0.95) 1\n Ap, I, Co, Nor, Cip, Ca 3 (2.86) 2\n Ap, I, Co, Cip, Ca, Ca 2 (1.9) \\-\n Ap, I, Co, Cip, Ci, Ce 2 (1.9) 1\n Ap, I, Co, Chl, Na, Cip, Ca, Ci 5 (4.76) 3\n\nAp: Ampicillin, I: Imipenem, Co: Cotrimoxazole, Chl: Chloramphenicol, Cip: Ciprofloxacin, Na: Nalidixic acid, Nor: Norfloxacin, Ca: Cefotaxime, Ce: Ceftazidime, Ci: Ceftriaxone\n\nApproximately 67 (64%) *E. coli* isolates harbored plasmids, and 51 (76.1%) of them were able to transfer their plasmids. ", "The plasmid size ranged from 1.0 to 25 kb, the most common plasmid of size 4.8 kb being detected in all the plasmid-harbored *E. coli* strains. ", "Plasmid profile analysis has been widely used in epidemiological investigations.\\[[@CIT19]\\] Holmberg *et al.*\\[[@CIT20]\\] reported that plasmid analysis was at least as specific as phage typing. ", "The resistances to antibiotics other than ampicillin, imipenem and cotrimoxazole among *E. coli* strains were compared with those with and without plasmids, and it was observed that there is high frequency of resistance among *E. coli* strains with plasmids than without plasmids. ", "There appears to be a constant relationship between a particular plasmid and resistance to antimicrobial agents tested, indicating that there is a potential spread of resistance by conjugation.", "\n\nConjugative plasmid which mediates multiple resistances was demonstrated by conjugation experiment. ", "The results of transconjugation show that all the transconjugant colonies were resistant to ampicillin, imipenem and cotrimoxazole \\[[Table 2](#T0002){ref-type=\"table\"}\\]. ", "All the transconjugants were carrying 4.8 kb plasmid that may be co-transferred either singly or in combination with other plasmids from the parents \\[[Figure 1](#F0001){ref-type=\"fig\"}\\]. ", "However, conjugation analysis revealed that not all plasmids were transferable by conjugation. ", "Conjugation studies suggest that 4.8-kb plasmid contributes in resistance to ampicillin, imipenem and cotrimoxazole. ", "No attempt was made in this study to determine the homogeneity of 4.8-kb plasmid by compatibility grouping or restriction analysis.", "\n\n###### \n\nCharacteristic features of some representative strains of *E. coli* donors and transconjugants\n\n Bacterial strain no. ", " Resistance pattern Plasmid size (Kb) Transconjugants resistance pattern Plasmid size (Kb)\n ---------------------- --------------------------------- ------------------- ------------------------------------ -------------------\n *E.coli* 1 Ap. ", "I, Co, Na, Nor 25, 4.8, 2.6 Ap. ", "I, Co 4.8\n *E.coli* 2 Ap. ", "I, Co, Nor, Cip, Ca 4.8, 1.6, 1.2 Ap, I, Co 4.8\n *E.coli* 3 Ap. ", "I, Co, Na, Cip, Ce 4.8, 3.2 Ap. ", "I, Co 4.8, 3.2\n *E.coli* 4 Ap. ", "I, Co, Chl \\- \\- \\-\n *E.coli* 5 Ap. ", "I, Co, Chl, Na 4.8, 1.5 Ap. ", "I, Co 4.8\n *E.coli* 6 Ap. ", "I, Co, Na, Nor, Cip, 4.8, 2.0, 1.7 Ap. ", "I, Co 4.8, 1.7\n *E.coli* 7 Ap, I, Co, Na, Ca, Ci 4.8, 1.5, 1.2 \\- \\-\n *E.coli* 8 Ap. ", "I, , Co, Nor, Na 4.8, 1.4 Ap, I, Co 4.8, 1.4\n *E.coli* 9 Ap. ", "I, Co, Chl, Na, Cip, Ca, Ci 25, 4.8, 2.8 Ap, I, Co 4.8\n *E.coli* 10 Ap, I, Co, Na, Nor, Cip 4.8, 1.2 Ap, I, co, 4.8\n\nAp: Ampicillin, I: Imipenem, Co: Cotrimoxazole, Chl: Chloramphenicol, Cip: Ciprofloxacin, Na: Nalidixic acid, Nor: Norfloxacin, Ca: Cefotaxime, Ce: ceftazidime, Ci: Ceftriaxone\n\n{#F0001}\n\nCONCLUSION {#sec1-4}\n==========\n\nIt has been shown that there is an increase in prevalence of drug resistance among *E. coli* isolates in our region, and majority of the antibiotic resistances were due to the acquisition of plasmid-carrying antibiotic-resistance genes. ", "Conjugal transfer of plasmids has greatly contributed to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance among *E. coli* isolates. ", "Restriction of use of antibiotics may play a role in decreasing the emergence of resistant bacterial strains.", "\n\n**Source of Support:** Nil\n\n**Conflict of Interest:** None declared.", "\n" ]

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[ "For a long time the economics profession has quietly noted that a land value tax is economically efficient but, having sussed out its theoretical benefits, left the subject for more intellectually rewarding pursuits. ", "The result is a frustrating dearth of scholarship on the subject. ", "But the few detailed papers that do exist suggest land taxes can replace most levies on labor and capital which—if true—suggests that the failure to switch to land value taxes is a much bigger deal in practice than most economists realize.", "\n\nTo be fair, there’s a bit of selection bias here. ", "Since land is just not a studied subject, the few people that go out of their way to write peer-reviewed papers probably have strong priors towards viability. ", "The most comprehensive work on this subject I could find is Steven Cord’s 1985 paper in the American Journal of Economics and Sociology, “How Much Revenue Would a Full Land Value Tax Yield.”", "\n\n\n\nHis answer was that it could replace much more than half all taxes on labor and capital in that year. ", "That’s stunning, so let’s detail the process of estimation and assumptions on the way.", "\n\nFundamentally, it is difficult to separate land from building value. ", "Because most commercial and government procedures measure property value, any practical measure of land value has to make some assumption on the land-to-building ratio. ", "Cord uses a study from the National Commission on Urban Problems—established by LBJ in 1968—estimating that the land component of total real estate is approximately 41.6 percent. ", "Using a 1968 study is, if anything, conservative as the trend has been an increase in land values relative to total real estate (over the decade before 1966 building values grew at an annualized rate of 5.6 percent compared with 6.2 percent for real estate values—the delta representing the growing importance of land). ", "This dynamic is largely a result of urbanization and more intensive land use.", "\n\nUsing this along with Census Bureau estimates and a study of national wealth from the Federal Reserve, he added mineral value estimates based on expected coal recovery rates to reach a lower bound approximation that land rent taxation, excluding current local and state government property taxes, could yield between $565 billion and $762 billion in 1981, or much more than half all taxes on labor and capital in that year.", "\n\nWhat’s fascinating is that as I’ve argued before, the 1980s probably represented the trough of land rents relative to income of the rich. ", "As inequality increased, the ultimate venue of conspicuous consumption is beachfront property or a panoramic view of Central Park. ", "As Thomas Piketty and Gabriel Zucman document in an important paper, total wealth-to-income ratios have doubled over the past several decades to a level last seen since the Industrial Revolution. ", "If productivity growth halts, we won’t stop saving and our capital accumulation will continue to chase land.", "\n\nOne or two papers from the 1980s is no basis for policy. ", "For example, as Tyler Cowen told me, “papers [like this one] elide the distinction between marginal and average values of land”. ", "That’s part of the problem with any economic measurement, but it is important to note that a big benefit of land taxes is the incentive to bring land into intense use which, by definition, would be valued on the margin. ", "Land taxes might not work, but that’s an argument nobody is making. ", "Maybe mainstream economists need to take the “classical” in “neoclassical” more seriously." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAWS CodeBuild fails for golang source with sub-packages\n\nWhen I attempt to build my golang project using CodeBuild golang image 1.10, it fails, unable to find the subpackages. ", "Some background: \nThe application is organized as follows:\n/go/src/company/app\n/go/src/company/app/sub1\n/go/src/company/app/sub2\netc...\n\nThis builds fine on my dev machine. ", "However, when pulled by codebuild it is pulled into a different directory (/codebuild/output/srcNNN/src/<some path>) where <some path> varies according to what triggers the build.", "\nI originally got it working by copying the code from where it is pulled to the the golang directory (/codebuild/output/srcNNN), but since the CodeBuild environment variable for the GOPATH directory inserts /go: (/go:/codebuild/output/srcNNN) in the front, I used an observed number of ../../... to copy. ", "However, this is ugly and failed as soon as I triggered the build a different way.", "\nMy question is whether there is a good way to get this working? ", "My next idea is to apply string manipulation to the observed path and copy there for (hopefully) more reliability. ", "But that will only work as long as the GOPATH conforms to my assumptions.", "\nAny ideas would be appreciated. ", "\n\nClarification:\nWhen importing packages in the code, external packages are imported as follows:\nimport (\n \"context\"\n ...\n}\n\nSubpackages are not explicitly imported, but found when code is deployed as shown above (/go/src/company/app). ", "However, AWS CodeBuild doesn't bring in the code this way.", "\n\nA:\n\nSee Update below for a complete answer if you are on golang 1.11 or higher... We no longer use my initial work around.", "\nI was able to get an answer working. ", "I'll post it here in case it is helpful to others, but it relies on observed behavior in AWS CodeBuild to work, so I don't think it is ideal.", "\nIn my buildspec.yaml I am able to get the build to work by:\n\nGetting ${THEGOPATH} from ${GOPATH} by removing the \"/go:\" from the beginning\nCopying all the code to the ${THEGOPATH}/src/<app path>\nCopying other repositories to ${THEGOPATH}/src/<other app path>\nImporting external dependencies as normal (in our case, go get ./... or explicit)\nBuilding and forcing the output name (when launched from CodeBuild it used a different directory name)\n\nThe buildspec.yaml looks something like the following:\nphases:\n install:\n commands:\n - echo GOPATH - $GOPATH\n - export THEGOPATH=`echo $GOPATH | cut -c 5-`\n - echo THEGOPATH = $THEGOPATH\n - mkdir -p ${THEGOPATH}/src/company/app1\n - mkdir -p ${THEGOPATH}/src/company/other_repository_dependency\n - echo Copy source files to go root\n - cp -a ${CODEBUILD_SRC_DIR}/. ${THEGOPATH}/src/company/app1/${PACKAGE}\n - cp -a ${CODEBUILD_SRC_DIR_other_dep}/. ${THEGOPATH}/src/app/other_repository_dependecy/.\n - ls ${THEGOPATH}/src/\n build:\n commands:\n - echo Build started on `date`\n - echo Getting packages\n - go get ./...\n - echo DOING THE BUILD\n - go build -ldflags \"<some flags>\" -o \"appname\"\n - go test ./...\n post_build:\n commands:\n - echo Build completed on `date`\n - ls -al\n - pwd\nartifacts:\n files:\n - appname\n\nUpdate -- Better fix\nToday we attempted to build with go modules (available since 1.11) see here for an explanation of go modules.", "\nUsing go modules we defined the current source module app1 as company-name.com in the go.mod file like this:\nmodule company-name.com/app1\n\ngo 1.12\nrequire (\n ... *for example*\n github.com/golang/mock v1.3.1\n github.com/google/btree v1.0.0 // indirect\n github.com/google/go-cmp v0.3.0\n ... *etc*\n\nWe even reference our external files this way (though you'll need to figure out how to authenticate with your git repository. ", "We used the credential helper built into the buildspec for https authentication). ", "So, our import blocks look something like this now:\n import ( \n \"company-name.com/app1/subpackage1\"\n abbrev \"company-name.com/app1/subpackage2\"\n \"company-name.com/externalpkg\" // In another private git repo of ours\n ... //etc\n )\n ... //golang source follows here*\n\nFinally, we added the following environment variable to the buildspec:\n variables:\n GO111MODULE: \"on\"\n git-credential-helper: yes\n\nThese ensured that modules worked in the path (thanks amwill04 for reminding me of my omission) and allowed the credentials for our Git repository to get setup properly.", "\nIn doing this we accomplished everything we needed:\n\nBy changing our references to the go module we could easily reference the subpackages as such\nWe were able to lock the version of all our dependencies\nBy implementing a simple server at company-name.com, we could reference other private modules from our application\n\n" ]

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[ "Cristiano Ronaldo’s wish to leave Real Madrid is ‘irreversible’\n\nCristiano Ronaldo wants to leave Real Madrid this summer and his decision is “irreversible,” according to reports in Portugal.", "\n\nThe front page of Diario Record has a photograph of Ronaldo with the headline: “Ronaldo will leave Real – Irreversible decision.”", "\n\nRonaldo’s contract at the Bernabeu commits him to the reigning European champions until June 2021.", "\n\nRecord claims that the five-time Ballon d’Or winner has reached this conclusion, less than two weeks after winning his third straight Champions League with Madrid, not because of money but rather status, and because of unkept promises from Real Madrid president Florentino Perez.", "\n\nCorreio Da Manha also attributes Ronaldo’s alleged decision to Perez, claiming that he had promised the club’s all-time top scorer shortly after winning the Champions League in the 2016-17 campaign a €14 million increase from his annual wages which never happened. ", "The outlet reports that Ronaldo currently earns €23.6m per season and had agreed with Perez to see that upped to €37m net after tax.", "\n\nSpanish daily AS reports that Ronaldo’s agent, Jorge mendes, will meet with the Madrid hierarchy again on Thursday.", "\n\nRonaldo has remained tight-lipped regarding his future since casting doubt over his future at Madrid after the Champions League final against Liverpool on May 26 when he spoke about his time at the club in the past tense.", "\n\nSources close to Ronaldo disclosed in January that the Portugal captain wanted to leave the club after a new contract delay.", "\n\nThe 33-year-old forward, who joined Madrid in 2009 from Manchester United, is preparing for the World Cup with Portugal.", "\n\nRonaldo remained silent about his future but did speak about his team’s chances at the tournament in Russia at Belem Palace in Lisbon on Wednesday where he and his teammates gathered and had an audience with the country’s president, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa.", "\n\nThe Euro 2016 winners begin their World Cup campaign against neighbours Spain on June 15. ", "They also take on Morocco and Iran.", "\n\nManchester United’s Portuguese coach Jose Mourinho recently said that having Ronaldo in the squad gives Portugal an edge at the World Cup.", "\n\n“I can guarantee great ambition from all the team,” Ronaldo said. “", "We are not favourites but in football nothing is impossible. ", "The group stages are going to be very difficult but with the players that we have, we can think big. ", "We will give our best, with humility, we are going to do the same as we did in 2016, fight until the end and step by step see what happens. ", "It’s a privilege to represent our nation and let’s see what awaits us.”", "\n\nRonaldo posted a photograph on Twitter with Portugal’s possible starting XI and the message: “Ready.”" ]

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[ "Handling of liquid samples, reagents, and possibly other process fluids is essential for the implementation of automated clinical chemistry test methods. ", "Conventionally, liquid samples, process fluids (e.g., purified water), and liquid reagents are aspirated and dispensed within an automated clinical analyzer by using a probe. ", "In certain clinical analyzer instruments used to test for the presence of an analyte or other component in a biological fluid sample (otherwise referred to as “specimens”), it may be desirable to precisely meter one or more liquid reagents in the process. ", "For example, in some automated testing systems (e.g., clinical analyzer instruments), a portion of a specimen contained in a sample container (such as a test tube, sample cup, vial, and the like) may be aspirated into a reaction vessel (e.g., a cuvette) in order to determine a presence of a particular analyte or component substance contained therein. ", "As part of this process, precise metering of one or more liquid reagents into the reaction vessel along with the specimen portion may be accomplished. ", "It is desired that during the metering process, the liquid reagent and the sample be mixed in order to provide a homogeneous mixture. ", "In some testing methods, other process fluid (e.g., purified water) may also be added.", "\nA conventional probe configuration used for aspiration includes a probe having a relatively small outer diameter. ", "The probe may be coupled to a section of tubing that is, in turn, coupled to a pump (e.g., a piston pump). ", "The aspiration system, including the probe and the pump, is typically primed with purified water.", "\nLiquid reagents are often contained in a reagent container having a plurality of compartments. ", "Some liquid reagents may include particles contained within a carrying liquid, and such particulates may settle over time. ", "Accordingly, a mixing process onboard the automated clinical analyzer may be used to re-suspend these settled particulates into a homogeneous suspension of particles before they are aspirated and dispensed into a reaction vessel. ", "Conventional mixing methods include (1) ultrasonic mixing and (2) aspiration and dispensing of a relatively large volume of the liquid reagent. ", "Undesirably, the ultrasonic mixing method may cause damage to certain particulate reagents. ", "Moreover, a prior art aspiration and dispense method (also referred to as the “sip-and-spit method”) includes aspirating into the probe and the tube a relatively large volume of reagent (e.g., about 50% or more of the volume of the liquid reagent) from a particular reagent container and then dispensing the liquid reagent back into the particular reagent container one time. ", "Such sip-and-spit methods may be inefficient at promoting or maintaining mixing of the particulate with the reagent carrier liquid, and may cause other problems.", "\nAccordingly, methods and systems that may improve mixing of liquid reagent including particulates are desired." ]

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[ "Mary Smith House\n\nThe Mary Smith House is a house on the National Register of Historic Places in Draper, Utah, United States. ", " It was listed in 1994.", "\n\nThe house was built around 1883 by Lauritz Smith for his first wife, Mary Kristine Mickelsdotter Smith, to avoid prosecution under the Edmunds Act. ", "Since this law made \"cohabitation\" illegal, the theory was that if he created a new house for Mary and had his second wife Hannah in his main house he would avoid prosecution.", "\n\nIt is a one-story brick house built on a granite foundation. ", " It has a cross-wing plan and intersecting gable roofs.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Utah\nCategory:Houses in Salt Lake County, Utah\nCategory:National Register of Historic Places in Salt Lake County, Utah\nCategory:Buildings and structures in Draper, Utah" ]

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[ "Clinically suspected acute pulmonary embolism: a comparison of presentation, radiological features and outcome in patients with and without PE.", "\nRelatively little is known about prognosis in patients for whom suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) is refuted by imaging. ", "This prospective study of suspected PE therefore compared clinico-radiological features and outcome in patients with and without PE. ", "Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) confirmed or refuted PE in consecutive patients. ", "Clinical, laboratory and radiological features were recorded at baseline, and mortality at 1 year determined. ", "Univariate and multivariate analyses identified variables associated with PE. ", "PE was diagnosed in 45 patients and refuted in 141. ", "The PE and 'non-PE' groups were similar with regard to extravascular radiology (though consolidation was significantly more common in the PE group [present in 24 (53%) of the PE group and 42 (30%) of the non-PE group, P < 0.01)], comorbidities (no significant differences), and baseline characteristics (only serum D-dimer concentrations were independently associated with PE by multivariate analysis, P = 0.001). ", "Right ventricular dimensions were significantly higher in the PE group, [right ventricular to left ventricular ratio was 0.98 (range 0.64-2.48) in the PE group and 0.92 (range 0.66-1.95) in the non-PE group, P < 0.05]. ", "In the PE group, right ventricular dimensions rose sharply when 10 or more segmental pulmonary arteries were occluded. ", "One year all-cause mortality was 6.7% in the PE group and 13.5% in the non-PE group (no significant difference, P = 0.218). ", "Among a cohort of patients presenting with clinically suspected PE, clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and radiological features were similar when comparing groups with CTPA-proven or CTPA-refuted PE. ", "However RV dimensions, radiological consolidation on imaging and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the PE group. ", "Patients with suspected PE have a poor prognosis irrespective of whether PE is confirmed. ", "This appears accentuated in patients without PE, a finding possibly under-recognized in clinical practice." ]

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[ "Kasatkin\n\nKasatkin (, from касатка meaning swallow or small bird) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Kasatkina. ", "It may refer to:\n\nAnton Kasatkin, a Russian soccer player, FC Luch-Energia Vladivostok\nDaria Kasatkina (born 1997), Russian tennis player\nLyudmila Kasatkina (1925–2012), Russian actress\nNikolay Kasatkin (1859–1930), a Russian/Soviet painter\nNicholas of Japan, born Ivan Kasatkin (1836–1912), a Russian Orthodox priest, monk, and saint \nTatyana Kasatkina (born 1963), a Russian philosopher, philologist, culture expert, religious scholar and writer\nVasily Kasatkin, a rector of the Moscow State University in 1930–1934\n\nCategory:Russian-language surnames" ]

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[ "Recovery and recurrence of mental sickness absence among production and office workers in the industrial sector.", "\nManual workers in the public sector have previously been found to be at risk of mental sickness absence (SA). ", "As the impact of mental illness differs across economic sectors, this study investigated mental SA in the industrial sector, differentiating between office and production workers. ", "Ten-year observational cohort study including 14 369 (8164 production and 6205 office) workers with a total of 101 118 person years. ", "SA data were retrieved from an occupational health register. ", "Mental SA episodes were medically certified as emotional disturbances [10th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10 R45)] or mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10 F00-F99). ", "The first mental SA episode since baseline was called index mental SA. ", "Recurrences were defined as any mental SA episode occurring >28 days after recovery from index mental SA. ", "The incidence of mental SA was higher in production workers than in office workers, but office workers needed longer time to recover from mental SA. ", "Mental SA recurred as frequently in production workers as in office workers. ", "The median time to recurrence was 15.9 months and tangibly shorter in office workers (14.9 months) than in production workers (16.7 months). ", "Production and office workers aged >55 years were at increased risk of recurrent mental SA within 12 months of recovery from index mental SA. ", "The incidence of mental SA was higher in production workers than in office workers, whereas recurrence rates did not differ between them. ", "Occupational health providers should pay special attention to older workers as they are at increased risk of recurrent mental SA." ]

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[ "The conference was held at Perth Convention Exhibition Centre on Friday,7th of July 2006. ", "It was an opportunity for people involved in science to meet, exchange information and experiences and all that in Tesla’s honour. ", "The conference featured many interested topics about Nikola Tesla, and topics from modern science. ", "The conference program can be downloaded...\n\nFrank Tabbita presented Perth audience with exciting and thought-provoking interpretation of Tesla’s life story. ", "With his resonant voice and authoritative appearance he captured the audience’s attention and held it through the play’s entirety. ", "Frequent rhythm changes and wonderful stage set up make this one man play very dynamic and beautiful to watch. ", "More details on...\n\nHon Dr Judy Edwards MLA talking to the Legislative Assembly on 18 May 2006 “…The year 2006 happens to be the 150th anniversary of the man called Nikola Tesla. ", "During the past month I was invited to chair the Tesla celebration forum, which comprises a group of people who are working to celebrate this 150th...\n\nMichael Krause, German director will start work on the Maxim Film’s production of a documentary about Nikola Tesla. ", "Rade Serbedzija will be the host of this documentary, aimed both at world-wide TV and cinema audiences. ", "More details on www.allabouttesla.de.", "\n\nAt the lovely venue of the Alexander Library in Perth, Tesla Forum held its 2nd ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. ", "A quorum of members turned up for this meeting and an overview report of the past year’s events was presented as well as a look towards 2006, an exciting year of Tesla’s 150th anniversary. ", "The board...\n\nMr Paul Pokorny, NSW Representative of the Tesla Forum of W.A. Inc., held a lecture about Nikola Tesla to an audience of fifty IEE and EA NSW Division members. ", "Tesla’s biography was presented along with the chronology of his achievements with detailed technical explanations. ", "Some of the controversies related to Tesla in regard to Nobel...\n\nTesla Forum presented a proposal to Hon Kofi Annan, Secretary General of United Nations, to establish the International Nikola Tesla Day on 10 July, Tesla’s birthday. “", "Nikola Tesla Day” will signify a day of science, progress and brotherhood among all nations and religions. [", "Proposal to United Nations] Tesla Forum is grateful for fantastic support received...\n\nBrain Break morning teas are organized across WA (umbrella event) during the National Science Week. ", "National Science Week is a partnership programme between the Australian Government and the ABC, ASF Limited, the Australian Science Teachers Association and CSIRO. ", "Science Week is Australia’s largest national festival. ", "It began in 1997 to raise the profile and..." ]

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[ "Dissolved inorganic carbon uptake in Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2 is Δp- and ATP-sensitive and enhances RubisCO-mediated carbon fixation.", "\nThe gammaproteobacterium Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2 is an aerobic sulfur-oxidizing hydrothermal vent chemolithoautotroph that has a CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM), which generates intracellular dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations much higher than extracellular, thereby providing substrate for carbon fixation at sufficient rate. ", "This CCM presumably requires at least one active DIC transporter to generate the elevated intracellular concentrations of DIC measured in this organism. ", "In this study, the half-saturation constant (K CO2) for purified carboxysomal RubisCO was measured (276 ± 18 µM) which was much greater than the K CO2 of whole cells (1.03 µM), highlighting the degree to which the CCM facilitates CO2 fixation under low CO2 conditions. ", "To clarify the bioenergetics powering active DIC uptake, cells were incubated in the presence of inhibitors targeting ATP synthesis (DCCD) or proton potential (CCCP). ", "Incubations with each of these inhibitors resulted in diminished intracellular ATP, DIC, and fixed carbon, despite an absence of an inhibitory effect on proton potential in the DCCD-incubated cells. ", "Electron transport complexes NADH dehydrogenase and the bc 1 complex were found to be insensitive to DCCD, suggesting that ATP synthase was the primary target of DCCD. ", "Given the correlation of DIC uptake to the intracellular ATP concentration, the ABC transporter genes were targeted by qRT-PCR, but were not upregulated under low-DIC conditions. ", "As the T. crunogena genome does not include orthologs of any genes encoding known DIC uptake systems, these data suggest that a novel, yet to be identified, ATP- and proton potential-dependent DIC transporter is active in this bacterium. ", "This transporter serves to facilitate growth by T. crunogena and other Thiomicrospiras in the many habitats where they are found." ]

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[ "Redditors all seem to have terrible ex-girlfriends Because awkward people get stuck with the psychos\n\n51,124 shares" ]

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[ "Rules\n\n1. ", "NO PURCHASE NECESSARY TO ENTER OR TO WIN. ", "A PURCHASE WILL NOT IMPROVE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING. ", "ALL FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS APPLY. ", "VOID WHERE PROHIBITED.", "\n\n2. ", "Eligibility. ", "Subject to the additional restrictions below, the “$200,000 CASH” Keyword Sweepstakes (the “Sweepstakes”) is open to (i) legal U.S. residents who are 18 years or older and the age of majority in their jurisdictions of residence at the time of entry; and (ii) residing in the listening area for any of the following radio stations: WBLI (Long Island, NY), WPUP (Athens, GA), WPYO (Orlando, FL), WAPE (Jacksonville, FL), WFLC (Miami, FL), WPOI (Tampa, FL), KCYY (San Antonio, TX), WWKA (Orlando, FL), KWEN (Tulsa, OK),\n\nPlease note: WFEZ (Miami, FL) will only announce Keywords for this Sweepstakes on weekdays from April 2, 2018 through April 26, 2018. ", "WSRV (Atlanta, GA) will only announce Keywords for this Sweepstakes on weekdays from March 22, 2018 through April 20, 2018. ", "WSB-FM (Atlanta, GA) will only announce Keywords for this Sweepstakes on weekdays from April 9, 2018 through April 26, 2018. ", "In the event your Station is not announcing Keywords during certain days of the Sweepstakes Period, you may listen to any other Station during the relevant Listen Time to hear the Keyword and enter as set forth below.", "\n\nListeners accessing Sponsor’s radio station audio via IP connections like website-based streaming or mobile devices are welcome to enter. ", "Employees of Cox Radio, Inc. (“Sponsor”), any Station, and each of their respective affiliated companies, subsidiaries, and advertising and promotional agencies, and the family members of, and any persons domiciled with, any such employees, are not eligible to enter or to win. ", "The term “family members” includes spouses, parents, grandparents, siblings, children, grandchildren and in-laws, regardless of where they live.", "\n\nThe $200,000 CASH Keyword Sweepstakes will be branded on the following Stations under the following name(s):\n\n3. ", "How to Enter. ", "The Sweepstakes will begin at 7:59 a.m. Eastern Time (“E.T.”) on March 22, 2018 and end at 4:15 p.m. E.T. on April 26, 2018 (the “Sweepstakes Period”). ", "Sponsor will be the official timekeeper for the Sweepstakes.", "\n\n• For WFEZ-FM (Miami, FL) listeners only: the Keywords will be read beginning on April 2, 2018 and ending on April 26, 2018. ", "If you are in the WFEZ-FM listening area, you may participate in the Sweepstakes between March 22, 2018 and April 26, 2018 by listening for the Keywords on any other participating Station.", "\n\n• For WSRV-FM (Atlanta, GA) listeners only: the Keywords will be read beginning on March 22, 2018 and ending on April 20, 2018. ", "If you are in the WSRV-FM listening area, you may participate in the Sweepstakes between March 22, 2018 and April 26, 2018 by listening for the Keywords on any other participating Station.", "\n\n• For WSB-FM (Atlanta, GA) listeners only: the Keywords will be read beginning on April 9, 2018 and ending on April 26, 2018. ", "If you are in the WSB-FM listening area, you may participate in the Sweepstakes between March 22, 2018 and April 26, 2018 by listening for the Keywords on any other participating Station.", "\n\nTo enter, during the Sweepstakes Period, listen to any Station starting at the following times: 8:00 a.m. ET, 12:00 p.m. ET, 2:00 p.m. ET and/or 4:00 p.m. ET (each, a “Listen Time”). ", "During each Listen Time for each weekday during the Sweepstakes Period, a unique keyword will be announced (“Keyword”). ", "In the event your Station is not announcing Keywords during certain days of the Sweepstakes Period, you may listen to any other Station during the relevant Listen Time to hear the Keyword and enter as set forth below.", "\n\nTo enter the drawing for any Listen Time, you must text the Keyword to 70123 within fifteen (15) minutes of initial announcement of the Keyword AND Sponsor must receive your text message with the correct Keyword within fifteen (15) minutes of the initial announcement of the Keyword. ", "Each text received consistent with the foregoing and these Official Rules will result in one (1) entry into the drawing for the applicable Listen Time (each, an “Entry”).", "\n\nAfter receipt of all eligible Entries for a given Listen Tim Keyword, Sponsor will conduct one (1) random from among all eligible Entries received for such Listen Time Keyword and select one (1) potential winner. ", "For the avoidance of doubt, this is a national sweepstakes and each Listen Time Drawing is conducted from among all eligible Entries received from eligible entrants.", "\n\nLimit one (1) Entry per person for each Listen Time.", "\n\nThere will be a total of one hundred four (104) Keywords announced during the Sweepstakes Period and sponsor will conduct one hundred four (104) Listen Time Drawings, with one (1) winner for each Listen Time Drawing (as further set forth below).", "\n\nMessage and data rates may apply. ", "By texting the Keyword to 70123, you consent to receive one (1) automated reply text per entry to the number you provided Sponsor regarding your entry or this Sweepstakes. ", "You understand that consent is not required to make a purchase. ", "The text message you send is your electronic signature agreeing to these terms and to giving electronic written consent to receive informational automated text messages from Sponsor regarding your entry or this Sweepstakes Text and data rates apply – participants will be charged for sending and receiving under this Sweepstakes according to his/her carriers’ rate plan(s).", "\n\nYou are also agreeing to receive voice calls from Sponsor and/or affiliates in connection with your entry text. ", "To stop at any time, text STOP to 70123.", "\n\nBy participating in the Sweepstakes, you agree to be bound by Sponsor’s Privacy Policies which are hereby incorporated by reference:\n\nSponsor will not be responsible for loss of text messaging service to either Sponsor or any participant, or for a failure in receiving an Entry due to malfunction of any network or system, congestion, any technical or human error, failures or malfunctions of any kind, including the congestion, overload, busy signals, or any other factor. ", "Sponsor reserves the right to disqualify any Entries by persons who submit false or misleading Entry information or who Sponsor determines to be tampering with or abusing any aspect of the Sweepstakes. ", "In the event of a dispute, an Entry will be declared made by the authorized account holder of the account from which the text message was sent. \"", "Authorized account holder\" is defined as the natural person who is assigned to a telephone number or other identifier automatically associated with the text message by a wireless service provider that is responsible for assigning the same. ", "The use of multiple identities and/or accounts is prohibited, and any attempt to obtain more than the stated number of Entries will void that participant’s Entries and may result in participant’s disqualification.", "\n\nAll Entries become property of Sponsor and none will be returned. ", "Any questions regarding the number of Entries submitted will be determined and resolved by Sponsor in its sole discretion.", "\n\n4. ", "Listen Time Drawing Winner Selection and Odds.", "\n\nAt approximately fifteen (15) minutes after each Listen Time, Sponsor will conduct one (1) random drawing from among all eligible Entries received from among all Stations for that Listen Time. ", "For the avoidance of doubt, this is a national sweepstakes and each Listen Time Drawing is conducted from among all eligible Entries received from eligible entrants. ", "Sponsor will make three (3) attempts to call the potential winner, within fifteen (15) minutes of the conclusion of each text deadline (by 8:30 a.m. ET, 12:30 p.m. ET, 2:30 p.m. ET and 4:30 p.m. ET). ", "If these three (3) attempts go unanswered, Sponsor may select an alternate potential Winner from remaining Entries received during the applicable Listen Time. ", "There will be a total of four (4) winners announced each weekday, and a total of one hundred four (104) drawings, during the Sweepstakes Period. ", "Odds of winning will depend on the total number of eligible Entries received for a given Listen Time.", "\n\n5. ", "Prize Description.", "\n\nThere will be a total of one hundred four (104) winners announced during the Sweepstakes Period. ", "Subject to verification of eligibility and compliance with these Official Rules, the potential winners will win the following prizes based on the weekday such potential winner was selected:\n\n• Each potential winner selected on any Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, or Friday during the Sweepstakes Period (March 22– April 26, 2018) will receive a check for one thousand dollars ($1,000);\n\n• Each potential winner selected on any Thursday during the Sweepstakes Period (March 22, March 29, April 5, April 12, April 19, and April 26, 2018) will receive a check for five thousand dollars ($5,000).", "\n\nThe total value of all prizes awarded under this Sweepstakes is two-hundred thousand dollars ($200,000).", "\n\nLimit: One (1) prize per person.", "\n\n6. ", "Winner Notification and Acceptance. ", "Sponsor will make three (3) attempts to call each potential winner, within ten (15) minutes of the conclusion of each text deadline (by 8:30 a.m. ET, 12:30 p.m. ET, 2:30 p.m. ET and 4:30 p.m. ET). ", "If these three (3) attempts go unanswered, Sponsor may select an alternate potential Winner from remaining Entries received during the applicable Listen Time. ", "Sponsor will not accept return phone calls. ", "Potential Winners must answer their phone when contacted, in order to be a verified potential Winner. ", "To claim his/her prize, the potential winner must personally visit the Station in his/her listening area within fortyeight (48) hours after notification (office visits must be between the hours of 9:00 a.m. ET and 5:00 p.m. ET, weekdays) and must present a valid government-issued photo ID. ", "At that time, the potential winners may also be required to complete an affidavit of eligibility, and a liability and publicity release (except where prohibited by law).", "\n\nSponsor’s inability to reach a potential winner after a reasonable (as solely determined by Sponsor) effort has been made, the failure of a potential winner to timely respond to a prize notification, the return of any prize notification as undeliverable, and/or a potential winner’s failure to comply with any term or condition of these Official Rules may, in Sponsor’s sole discretion, result in the potential winner’s disqualification and the selection of a substitute winner by a random drawing from among all remaining eligible Entries received during the applicable Listen Time.", "\n\nA PARTICIPANT IS NOT A WINNER OF ANY PRIZE UNLESS AND UNTIL SPONSOR HAS COMPLETED ITS VERIFICATION OF PARTICIPANT’S ELIGIBILITY.", "\n\nA winner may waive the right to receive a prize. ", "Prizes are non-assignable. ", "No substitutions allowed by winner. ", "Prizes and individual components of prize packages are subject to availability. ", "Sponsor reserves the right to substitute prizes or components of prize packages with a prize or component of equal or greater value. ", "Winner is solely responsible for reporting and payment of any taxes on a prize. ", "Winner may be required to provide his/her valid Social Security Number to Sponsor for tax purposes and/or complete an IRS W-9 form in order to claim a prize. ", "Winners are solely responsible for all federal, state and local taxes on prize value and, as applicable, will be issued an IRS Form 1099 based on the prize value determined by Sponsor. ", "Prizes not won and claimed by eligible winners in accordance with these Official Rules will not be awarded and will remain the property of Sponsor.", "\n\n7. ", "Participation. ", "By participating, participants agree to be bound by these Official Rules and the decisions of Sponsor and or administrators selected by Sponsor, which are final and binding in all respects. ", "The use of multiple identities and/or accounts is prohibited, and any attempt to obtain more than the stated number of Entries will void that participant’s Entries and may result in participant’s disqualification. ", "Sponsor reserves the right to disqualify persons found tampering with or otherwise abusing any aspect of this Sweepstakes as solely determined by Sponsor. ", "In the event the Sweepstakes is compromised by tampering or other causes beyond the reasonable control of Sponsor which corrupt or impair the administration, security, fairness or proper operation of the Sweepstakes, Sponsor reserves the right in its sole discretion to suspend, modify or terminate the Sweepstakes. ", "Should the Sweepstakes be terminated prior to the stated expiration date, Sponsor reserves the right to award prizes based on the Entries received before the termination date. ", "Proof of sending or submission of an Entry will not be deemed proof of receipt by Sponsor.", "\n\nTHE STATIONS, AND THEIR RESPECTIVE SUBSIDIARIES, AFFILIATES, SUPPLIERS, DISTRIBUTORS, ADVERTISING/PROMOTION AGENCIES, AND PRIZE SUPPLIERS AND EACH SUCH COMPANY’S OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, AND SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS (COLLECTIVELY, THE “RELEASED PARTIES”) FROM AND AGAINST ANY CLAIMS, COSTS, LIABILITIES, LOSSES, INJURIES, AND DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE SWEEPSTAKES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY CLAIMS FOR PERSONAL INJURY, DEATH, OR DAMAGE TO OR LOSS OF PROPERTY, LOSS OF ENJOYMENT, OR ANY OTHER HARM WHATSOEVER ARISING OUT OF: (1) PARTICIPATION IN THE SWEEPSTAKES; (2) THE QUALITY, RECEIPT, POSSESSION, USE, OR MISUSE OF ANY PRIZE; OR (3) ANY TRAVEL OR ACTIVITY THAT IS RELATED TO THE SWEEPSTAKES OR ANY PRIZE.", "\n\n9. ", "Limitations of Liability. ", "BY PARTICIPATING IN THE SWEEPSTAKES, PARTICIPANTS ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT EVERYTHING REGARDING THIS SWEEPSTAKES, INCLUDING THE PRIZE(S), ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND THAT SPONSOR MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ABOUT THE PRIZE(S) AND SPONSOR HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\n\nPURPOSE. (", "BECAUSE SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF CERTAIN IMPLIED\n\nWARRANTIES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. ", "IN SUCH STATES, THE LIABILITY OF THE RELEASED PARTIES IS LIMITED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY SUCH STATE LAW.)", "\n\nTHE RELEASED PARTIES ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR: (1) ANY INCORRECT OR INACCURATE INFORMATION,\n\nWHETHER CAUSED BY PARTICIPANTS, PRINTING OR PRODUCTION ERRORS, OR BY ANY OF THE EQUIPMENT\n\nOR PROGRAMMING ASSOCIATED WITH OR EMPLOYED IN THE SWEEPSTAKES; (2) TECHNICAL FAILURES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO MALFUNCTIONS, INTERRUPTIONS, OR DISCONNECTIONS IN\n\nANY PART OF THE ENTRY PROCESS OR THE SWEEPSTAKES; (4) TECHNICAL OR HUMAN ERROR WHICH MAY OCCUR IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE SWEEPSTAKES, THE PROCESSING OF ENTRIES, OR THE\n\nNOTIFICATION OF ANY WINNER; OR (5) ANY INJURY OR DAMAGE TO PERSONS OR PROPERTY WHICH MAY BE CAUSED, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FROM A PARTICIPANT’S PARTICIPATION IN THE SWEEPSTAKES OR RECEIPT OR USE OR MISUSE OF ANY PRIZE.", "\n\nPARTICIPANTS AGREE THAT ANY CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING OUT OF, RELATING TO, OR IN ANY WAY\n\nCONNECTED WITH ANY OF RELEASED PARTIES OR ANY PART OF THE CONTEST MUST COMMENCE WITHIN ONE (1) YEAR AFTER THE CAUSE OF ACTION ACCRUES; OTHERWISE, SUCH CAUSE OF ACTION SHALL BE PERMANENTLY BARRED.", "\n\nOnly the number of prizes stated in these Official Rules is available to be won in the Sweepstakes. ", "In the event that production, technical, seeding, programming, or any other reasons cause more than the stated number of prizes as set forth in these Official Rules to be available and/or claimed, Sponsor reserves the right to award the prizes by a random drawing among all legitimate eligible prize claims.", "\n\n10. ", "Publicity Release. ", "EXCEPT WHERE PROHIBITED, BY ENTERING THE SWEEPSTAKES, YOU AGREE THAT THE\n\nRELEASED PARTIES HAVE THE ABSOLUTE RIGHT AND PERMISSION TO PUBLISH YOUR ENTRY ON THE WEBSITE AND TO BROADCAST, PUBLISH OR OTHERWISE USE YOUR ENTRY AND/OR YOUR NAME,\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION, AND LIKENESS IN CONNECTION WITH THE SWEEPSTAKES OR FOR ANY COMMERCIAL, PUBLICITY, OR PROMOTIONAL PURPOSE WITHOUT LIMITIATION, REVIEW OR APPROVAL, OR\n\nCOMPENSATON TO YOU. ", "BY ENTERING, YOU GRANT THE RELEASED PARTIES AN EXCLUSIVE, ROYALTY-FREE AND IRREVOCABLE LICENSE AND RIGHT (BUT NOT OBLIGATION) TO TELECAST, BROADCAST, COPY, EDIT, ADAPT, MODIFY, REPRODUCE, PUBLISH, CREATE DERIVITVE WORKS OF, DISTRIBUTE, UE OR OTHERWISE PUBLICLY DISPLAY ANY OR ALL OF YOUR ENTRIES, OR ANY PORTION THEREOF, IN ANY MANNER OR\n\nMEDIUM THROUGHOUT THE WORLD IN PERPETUITY, FOR COMMERCIAL, PUBLICITY OR PROMOTIONAL PURPOSES, AND TO LICENSE OTHERS TO DO SO, WITHOUT LIMITATION, REVIEW OR APPROVAL, OR COMPENSATION TO YOU.", "\n\n11. ", "Sponsor. ", "This Sweepstakes is sponsored by Cox Radio, Inc., 6205 Peachtree Dunwoody Rd., ", "Atlanta, GA 30328. ", "The decisions of Sponsor regarding the selection of winners and all other aspects of the Sweepstakes shall be final and binding in all respects. ", "Sponsor will not be responsible for typographical, printing or other inadvertent errors in these Official Rules or in other materials or announcements relating to the Sweepstakes. ", "For a list of winners (available after May 4, 2018) or a copy of these Official Rules, send a self-addressed stamped envelope to: “$200,000 CASH” Keyword Sweepstakes - Request Winner List – 555 Sunrise Highway, West Babylon, NY 11704." ]

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[ "985 F.2d 564\nJohnson (Jackie D.)v.", "Johnson (Billie)\nNO. ", "91-1942\nUnited States Court of Appeals,Eighth Circuit.", "\nOct 04, 1991\n\n1\nAppeal From: E.D.Mo.", "\n\n\n2\nDISMISSED.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "---\nabstract: 'Combinatorial auctions are formulated as frustrated lattice gases on sparse random graphs, allowing the determination of the optimal revenue by methods of statistical physics. ", "Transitions between computationally easy and hard regimes are found and interpreted in terms of the geometric structure of the space of solutions. ", "We introduce an iterative algorithm to solve intermediate and large instances, and discuss competing states of optimal revenue and maximal number of satisfied bidders. ", "The algorithm can be generalized to the hard phase and to more sophisticated auction protocols.'", "\nauthor:\n- Tobias Galla\n- Michele Leone\n- Matteo Marsili\n- Mauro Sellitto\n- Martin Weigt\n- Riccardo Zecchina\ntitle: Statistical mechanics of combinatorial auctions\n---\n\nAuctions constitute an important part of economic activity [@Krishna]. ", "With today’s pronounced role of e-commerce and the use of the internet as a world-wide market place, fundamental changes have occurred in the use of auctions. ", "Their popularity has increased due to freely accessible web services, and both the range and the nature of objects which can be bought and sold have diversified. ", "Single-item auction protocols are however inappropriate when the number of objects to be sold is large, especially if buyers are interested in bundles of objects with complementary features. ", "In such cases, it is preferrable to allow buyers to bid on [*combinations*]{} of objects instead of single items. ", "Such auctions are referred to as [*combinatorial auctions*]{} (CA). ", "Initially motivated by the problem of airport time slot allocation and by the distribution of radio spectrum licenses, CA are now widely used in a variety of contexts [@MIT]. ", "Finding the maximum auctioneer’s payoff allocation to a given CA is a computationally hard problem requiring exponential time resources. ", "Fast and efficient heuristic algorithms are thus needed to identify optimal or close-to-optimal allocations, and models of CA are here of interest as theoretical benchmarks [@Sandholm; @vohra].", "\n\nIn this Letter, we will first map a generic CA problem onto a geometrically constrained lattice gas defined on a sparse random graph, coupled to a local chemical potential. ", "This allows us to relate the computational complexity of determining optimal allocations to the glassy behaviour induced by the geometric frustration of the system. ", "The latter here results from conflicting bids. ", "The statistical mechanics approach to Bethe lattice glass models [@rivoire] then allows us to characterize the typical properties of large random instances of CA, and to formulate algorithms for solving single instances.", "\n\nA simple CA model describes $N$ players and a total set of $M$ items to be sold. ", "Each player $i$ bids for an individual subset $A_i\\subseteq \\{1,\\dots,M\\}$ for which he is willing to pay a price $\\nu_i>0$. It is understood here that the player is only interested in the full set $A_i$, but not in any proper subset. ", "The bid of player $i$ is thus given by the pair $(A_i,\\nu_i)$. More complex CA where bidders submit lists of $n_i\\ge 1$ subset-price pairs, $\\{(A_i^\\ell,\\nu_i^\\ell)\\}_{l=1,...,n_i}$ nested by logical ORs or XORs can be reduced to the case of single-item bids, with a possibly enlarged set of bidders and items [@Nisan]. ", "Hence we shall confine our discussion to the $n_i=1$ case of single-subset bids.", "\n\nLet us indicate a successful bid by $x_i=1$, and an unsuccessful one by $x_i=0$. Then the [*winner determination problem*]{} (WDP) consists in finding a ‘configuration’ $\\mathbf{x}=(x_1,\\dots,x_N)\\in\n\\{0,1\\}^N$, which maximizes the auctioneer’s [*revenue*]{} $R=\\sum_i\n\\nu_i x_i$ and respects the constraint that each item be sold at most once, i.e., that $x_ix_j=0$ whenever $A_i\\cap A_j\\neq 0$ for a pair $i\\neq j$. It is also interesting to discuss how far the optimal solution is from a configuration maximizing the number $N_s = \\sum_i\nx_i$ of satisfied bidders. ", "These two tasks are usually conflicting, and can be formulated as a [*multi-objective optimization*]{} problem whose outcome depends on the optimization priority. ", "In particular we will compare results of procedures first maximizing $R$ and then $N_s$, and vice versa.", "\n\nDeciding which bids $(A_i,\\nu_i)$ are successful ($x_i=1$) is a non-trivial optimization problem, because bids can overlap. ", "If $A_i\\cap A_j\\neq\\emptyset$ for some $i\\neq j$, the two bidders $i$ and $j$ cannot simultaneously be successful. ", "Even an agent with a high bid $\\nu_i$ is not guaranteed to win, as it may be advantageous for the auctioneer to allocate the items contained in $A_{i}$ to a number of other agents having a higher aggregate revenue. ", "Indeed the CA optimal allocation problem is NP-complete, as can be demonstrated by its equivalence to the weighted set packing problem [@PAP]. ", "NP-completeness, however, refers to a worst-case scenario and does not necessarily imply that one cannot find the optimal solution for some large real-life CA problems.", "\n\n![(", "Color online) Example of a CA interaction network: [*factor graph*]{} (left), and corresponding [*conflict graph*]{} (right). ", "Bidders $B_i$ are indicated as circles, items $g_a$ as squares attached via links to all the bidders wanting to pay for them. ", "In the conflict graph bidders are connected by a link if and only if they share at least one item. ", "Any item of degree $k$ in the factor graph corresponds to a $k$-clique of vertices in the conflict graph. ", "$I_a$ is the set of players bidding for item $a$. \\[fig:prima\\]](factorgraph.eps \"fig:\"){width=\"4.5cm\"} ![(", "Color online) Example of a CA interaction network: [*factor graph*]{} (left), and corresponding [*conflict graph*]{} (right). ", "Bidders $B_i$ are indicated as circles, items $g_a$ as squares attached via links to all the bidders wanting to pay for them. ", "In the conflict graph bidders are connected by a link if and only if they share at least one item. ", "Any item of degree $k$ in the factor graph corresponds to a $k$-clique of vertices in the conflict graph. ", "$I_a$ is the set of players bidding for item $a$. \\[fig:prima\\]](conflictgraph.eps \"fig:\"){width=\"3cm\"}\n\nHere, we focus on a simple probabilistic model where each player submits a single bid. ", "This setup retains the same level of computational complexity as more general cases, and the WDP can be reduced to computing the ground state of a lattice gas defined on a suitable random graph, where particles residing on vertices are subject to a geometric constraint as well as to a local chemical potential.", "\n\n[**The Model —**]{} Let us take $N$ players and $M=\\alpha N$ items, with $\\alpha={\\cal O}(1)$. Player $i$ bids for a subset $A_i$ containing $\\ell_i$ items, and any item $a$ in turn is chosen by $k_a$ agents. ", "Any realization of this bidding structure can then be represented by a [*factor graph*]{} containing bidder and item nodes, cf. ", "Fig.", " \\[fig:prima\\]. ", "A compact representation is given by the [*conflict graph*]{} (CG), in which two players $i$ and $j$ are linked whenever $A_i\\cap A_j\\neq\\emptyset$. More complex bidding protocols can be cast in the same formalism [@in-prep].", "\n\nThe CA can be mapped to a [*lattice gas*]{} of particles on the CG, with occupation variables $x_i\\in\\{0,1\\}$ representing the bidders’ success/failure. ", "The Hamiltonian ${\\cal H}=-R=-\\sum_i \\nu_i x_i$ describes a coupling of $x_i$ to a local field $\\nu_i$, and it can be associated with a formal inverse temperature $\\beta$. A chemical potential $\\mu$ allows to control the particle number $N_s=\\sum_i\nx_i$. The grand-canonical partition function of such a lattice-gas reads $$\\begin{aligned}\n Z = \\sum_{\\scriptscriptstyle \\mathbf{x}\\in \\{0,1\\}^N}\\!\\! ", "\\exp\n \\left(\\sum_{i=1}^N (\\mu + \\beta \\nu_i) x_i \\right)\n \\prod_{(i,j)\\in C} (1-{x_i x_j}) ,\n \\label{Z}\\end{aligned}$$ where $C$ is the set of edges of the CG. ", "The product over $C$ implements the compatibility constraint that each item can be sold at most once, and can be interpreted as a volume exclusion for neighbouring lattice sites. ", "Temperature and chemical potential can be used to select compatible solutions in configuration space: [*(i)*]{} the choice $\\beta \\to \\infty$ and $\\mu = 0$ corresponds to configurations maximizing $R$ independently of $N_s$, [*(ii)*]{} $\\beta = 0$ and $\\mu \\to \\infty$ selects configurations maximizing $N_s$ only, [*(iii)*]{} $\\beta \\to \\infty$ [*before*]{} $\\mu \\to\n\\infty$: maximizes $N_s$ within the subset of configurations of maximal revenue, [*(iv)*]{} $\\mu \\to \\infty$ [*before*]{} $\\beta \\to\n\\infty$: maximizes $R$ within the subset of compatible configurations of maximum number of satisfied bidders. ", "The maximal revenue can thus be computed as $R^* = \\lim_{\\beta \\to\\infty} \\partial_{\\beta} \\ln Z$ at finite $\\mu$, and the maximum $N_s^* = \\lim_{\\mu \\to \\infty}\n\\partial_{\\mu} \\ln Z$ at finite $\\beta$.\n\n[**The cavity approach —** ]{} The search for optimal configurations can be performed efficiently via algorithms based on the [*cavity method*]{}. ", "For a general presentation of the method see e.g. [@MZ; @book] and references therein. ", "Following [@book], one can introduce cavity biases $\\{u_{a\\to i}\\}$ and cavity fields $\\{h_{j\\to\n a}\\}$ associated with the links of the factor graph of a single CA instance as illustrated in Fig.", " \\[fig:wp\\]. ", "The cavity bias $u_{a\\to\n i}$ measures the likelihood that item $a$ is already assigned to another bidder $k \\in I_a\\setminus i$, and cannot be sold to $i$. The cavity field $h_{i\\to a}$ is then given by the re-weighted price minus the sum of all $u_{b \\to i}$ arriving from $b\\in A_i$ except from $a$. It measures the likelihood that the bidder would win if his bid did not contain item $a$. The resulting self-consistent equations are the basis of the so-called [*belief propagation*]{} (BP) algorithm: $$\\begin{aligned}\n u_{a\\to i} \n &=& \\hat u(\\{h_{k \\to a}\\})\n = \\frac{1}{\\beta + \\mu} \\ln \\left( 1 + \\sum_{k \\in\n I_a\\setminus i} e^{(\\beta + \\mu) h_{k \\to a}} \\right) \\nonumber \\\\\n h_{i\\to a} \n &=& \\hat h( \\nu_i, \\{u_{b\\to i}\\} )\n = \\frac{\\mu + \\beta \\nu_i}{\\beta + \\mu} - \\sum_{b\\in\n A_i \\setminus a} u_{b\\to i}.", "\n \\label{BP}\\end{aligned}$$ If the iteration of Eqs.", " (\\[BP\\]) converges to a fixed point, we can estimate the probability that bid $i$ becomes satisfied: $$P_{i} \\equiv P(x_i=1) \\simeq \n\\frac{ \\exp\\{(\\mu+\\beta)H_i\\}}{1 + \\exp\\{(\\mu+\\beta)H_i\\}}$$ with an effective local field $H_i = (\\mu + \\beta \\nu_i)/(\\beta +\n\\mu) - \\sum_{b\\in A_i} u_{b\\to i}$. The payoff estimate becomes $\\sum_i R =\n\\nu_i P_{i}$, and the expected number of satisfied bids is $N_{s} =\n\\sum_i P_{i}$.\n\n[![", "Illustration of cavity biases and fields.[]{data-label=\"fig:wp\"}](wp.eps \"fig:\"){width=\"5cm\"}]{}\n\nThe maximization of these quantities can be achieved by tuning $\\beta$ and $\\mu$ as described after Eq.", " (\\[Z\\]). ", "In principle, the limit $\\beta\\to\\infty$ at $\\mu=0$ – corresponding to a maximum revenue – can be taken directly in Eqs.", " (\\[BP\\]), and has a simple interpretation. ", "In this case $u_{a \\to i}$ is a [*warning*]{} to bidder $i$ that he needs to allocate at least a price $u_{a \\to i}$ to item $a$ in order to outbid the other players in $I_a$. Consequently, in order to secure his subset $A_i$, he has to offer at least $\\sum_{a\\in A_i} u_{a \\to i}$. The field $H_i$ is thus given by the difference between the amount $i$ is willing to pay and the minimal amount required for $i$ to win. ", "If $H_i>0$ the bidder will be successful ($x_i=1$) with probability $1$ (i.e. in all such solutions), whereas $H_i<0$ indicates a loosing bid. ", "Players with $H_i=0$ are successful in some optimal assignments, and unsuccessful in others. ", "In order to deal with the latter degeneracy, one has to resort to a more subtle limit of Eqs.", " (\\[BP\\]), allowing for fields vanishing proportionally to the formal temperature.", "\n\nEqs.", " (\\[BP\\]) are valid for any fixed choice of the graphs, prices and bids, i.e. the effective fields can be determined for [*any specific CA instance*]{}. ", "They can be solved iteratively in ${\\cal\n O}(N)$ steps whenever the iteration converges. ", "The fields $\\{H_i\\}$ at convergence of the BP iteration can be used as input for an iterative search/decimation procedure, where items are assigned iteratively to bidders with highest $H_i$, and BP equations are then iterated for the reduced problem containing only variables not yet fixed in the previous step. ", "This procedure runs in ${\\cal O}(N \\log N)$ steps if a finite fraction of items is assigned at each step.", "\n\n[**Solution for typical cases —**]{} To extract analytical estimates for the CA outcomes we average Eqs.", " (\\[BP\\]) over given random factor-graph and price ensembles. ", "In doing so we obtain self-consistent integral equations for the order parameters, i.e. the histograms of both the cavity biases ($Q(u)$) and the cavity fields ($P(h)$). ", "In the so-called replica symmetric (RS) phase [@MZ; @book], these equations are $$\\begin{aligned}\n P(h)&=&\\sum_{\\ell=0}^\\infty \\tilde p_\\ell \\int \\prod_{t=1}^{\\ell} du_t\n Q(u_t) \\int d\\nu P(\\nu|\\ell+1)\\delta(h-{\\hat h}) \\nonumber \\\\\n Q(u)&=&\\sum_{k=1}^\\infty \\tilde q_k \\int \\prod_{t=1}^k dh_t P(h_t)\n \\delta(u-{\\hat u})\n\\label{pop}\\end{aligned}$$ where $P(\\nu|\\ell+1)$ is the distribution of prices $\\nu$ for agents bidding for sets of $\\ell+1$ objects, ${\\hat h}$, ${\\hat u}$ are given by (\\[BP\\]), $\\tilde p_\\ell = (\\ell+1)\np_{\\ell+1}/\\langle\\ell\\rangle$ and $\\tilde q_k = (k+1) q_{k+1}/\\langle\nk\\rangle$, where $p_\\ell$ and $q_k$ are the degree distributions of the bidders and items in the factor graph. ", "Eqs.", " (\\[pop\\]) are solved via population dynamics [@book]. ", "Here we focus on two simple non-trivial CA ensembles. ", "In both cases, every player selects each item independently with probability $z/M$. The probability that a player wants $\\ell$ items is Poissonian, $p_\\ell={\\rm e}^{-z}\nz^{\\ell}/\\ell \\, !", "$, for large $M$. Similarly, the probability that a given item is chosen by $k$ players is $ q_k = {\\rm e}^{-\\lambda}\n\\lambda^k/k \\,!$ for large $N$, where $\\lambda=z/\\alpha$. The considered ensembles differ in the prices the bidders are willing to pay:\n\n![", "Phase diagram for constant-price CAs in the $(\\alpha,z)$-plane: in the lower region, all solutions (maximum-revenue configurations) belong to a single cluster, and RS equations are believed to give the exact revenue result. ", "In the upper region the RS solution is not correct anymore. ", "The symbols mark the point where BP stops to converge on $\\sim 3\\%$ of the spins ($N=5000$, averaged over $20$ instances), and are consistent with the line at which RS breaks. [*", "Inset:*]{} Maximal revenue per item vs. $z$ for $\\alpha=0.5,1,1.5$ from top to bottom. ", "Average RS results (lines) are compared to simulated-annealing data on single CA instances (markers). ", "Results obtained by iterating BP on the same CA instances (not shown) are consistent with these curves.[]{data-label=\"fig:constant_price\"}](constant_prices_2.eps){width=\"8cm\"}\n\n[*(i) Constant prices —*]{} Every bidder who bids for at least one object offers the same price $\\nu_i\\equiv 1$. BP-results from Eqs. (", "\\[pop\\]) are shown in the inset of Fig.", " \\[fig:constant\\_price\\] together with optimal revenue estimates from simulated annealing. ", "Note the maximum of the revenue for intermediate $z$. At small $z$ many items are not element of any bid and do not contribute to the revenue, while at large $z$ items are desired by multiple players resulting in conflicts which restrict the revenue. ", "The main body of the figure shows analytical results [@in-prep] on the validity of RS. ", "Above the phase boundary conflicts induce replica-symmetry breaking (RSB), i.e. a clustering of CA solutions into disconnected sets. ", "RS results cannot be trusted beyond that point and multiple metastable states are found. ", "Note that RSB in the typical case corresponds to non-convergence of BP on relatively large, randomly generated single instances of CAs. ", "This is confirmed by the symbols, which mark the points where BP stops to converge.", "\n\n[*(ii) Linear prices —*]{} In this second, potentially more realistic case the price of a bid is assumed to equal the size of the desired subset, i.e. the price per item is constant. ", "Qualitatively, the revenue curves show a behaviour similar to the constant-price case, cf.", " Fig.", " \\[linear\\]. ", "For small $z$, the revenue is very close to $1-e^{-\\lambda}$, the fraction of items wanted by at least one bidder. ", "Even if there is little frustration, it is not possible to sell all items as it would be optimal for the auctioneer in this case [@note2]. ", "For larger $z$, replica symmetry breaking sets in as a result of increasing frustration, and asymptotically the revenue curves are expected to decrease again with $z$. The increasing level of frustration can also be seen in the fraction of successful players in the group of players placing non-empty bids. ", "As also shown in Fig.", " \\[linear\\], this fraction is found to decrease monotonously with $z$, i.e. with the average number of items wanted by a bidder (at fixed $\\alpha$).", "\n\n![", "Revenue (increasing curves) and fraction $n_s$ of satisfied players in the set of players with non-emtpy bids (decreasing curves) for the four optimization problems ($\\alpha=1$). ", "Maximisation order is as follows: [*(i)*]{} $R$ only (full lines), [*(ii)*]{} $N_s$ only (dashed lines), [*(iii)*]{} $R$ before $N_s$ (dash-dotted lines), [*(iv)*]{} $N_s$ before $R$ (dotted lines). ", "Revenues for (i) and (iii) indistiguishable, $n_s$ for (ii) and (iv) indistinguishable. ", "Symbols mark the points where RS breaks down, RS results are approximations at large $z$. The upper most increasing line marks the fraction of items which are part of at least one bid, i.e. the theoretical maximum number of auctionable objects.[]{data-label=\"linear\"}](linear_price.eps){width=\"8cm\"}\n\n[*(iii) Other ensembles—*]{} Other CA ensembles give rise to even more complex phase diagrams. ", "For instance, in the elementary case of each player wanting a fixed number $K$ of randomly chosen items, all at the same price (corresponding to $\\nu_i=const$), one finds that the space of optimal solutions is divided into an exponential number of geometrically distant clusters even for values of $\\alpha$ at which all items can be assigned without frustration. ", "This corresponds to a 1-RSB mechanism observed in other hard combinatorial problems [@book]. ", "In such a region (e.g. $\\alpha \\in [.56, .59]$ for $K=5$) message-passing algorithms [@MZ; @in-prep] provide efficient techniques for finding optimal assignments.", "\n\nThe extension to CAs with generic price distribution is straightforward and will be presented elsewhere [@in-prep].", "\n\nLet us finally mention that the case of linear prices allows one to study multi-objective strategies for solving the WDP going beyond standard CA theory which is mostly concerned with revenue maximization. ", "As discussed before, one could also aim to maximize the number of satisfied players. ", "As shown in Fig.", " \\[linear\\], doing this after maximizing the revenue has only very little effect on $N_s$. On the other hand, maximizing $N_s$ independently of the revenue leads to a substantial decrease in $R$. The latter can be partially cured by maximizing the revenue within the set of winner assignments of maximal $N_s$, but also there the revenue remains well below its maximum. ", "A suitable strategy of taking into account both $R$ and $N_s$ might be to send both $\\beta$ and $\\mu$ to $\\infty$, with a fixed ratio $\\beta/\\mu$ controling the relative importance of either optimization task. ", "By varying it one can continuously tune the results between the extremes given before.", "\n\nTo conclude, we have presented a statistical physics approach to the CA problem and introduced an iterative algorithm for solving the WDP of large instances of simple CAs. ", "A relatively large body of literature has been devoted to algorithms for solving WDP, such as branch-and-bound and mixed integer programming techniques (see [@Sandholm; @vohra] and references therein). ", "It would be interesting to compare the performance of message-passing algorithms with the existing approaches to WDP, as it has been done recently for satisfiability problems in Refs.", " [@erik; @mikko].", "\n\nThis work was supported by the [EC]{} Human Potential Programme, contracts [HPRN-CT-2002-00319]{}, [STIPCO]{}, [EU NEST No. ", "516446]{}, [COMPLEXMARKETS]{} and [EU IP]{} No. ", "1935, [EVERGROW]{}.", "\n\n[100]{}\n\nV. Krishna, [*Auction Theory*]{} (Academic Press, 2002).", "\n\nP. Cramton, Y. Shoham and R. Steinberg eds., [ *", "Combinatorial Auctions*]{}, (MIT Press, 2006)\n\nT. Sandholm, in ref.", " [@MIT], and Artificial Intelligence [**135**]{}, 1 (2002)\n\nS. de Vries and R. Vohra, [INFORMS J. of Computing]{} [**15**]{}, 284 (2003)\n\nO. Rivoire, O. Martin, G. Biroli and M. Mézard, Eur. ", "Phys. ", "J. B [**37**]{}, 55 (2004); H. Hansen-Goos and M. Weigt, J. Stat. ", "Mech. ", "P04006 (2006); and references therein.", "\n\nN. Nisan, in ref.", " [@MIT].", "\n\nC. H. Papadimitriou, [*Computational Complexity*]{}, (Addison Wesley Longman, 1995).", "\n\nA.  Hartmann and M.  Weigt, [*Phase Transitions in Combinatorial Optimization Problems*]{}, (Wiley, 2005).", "\n\nM. Mézard, G. Parisi, and R. Zecchina, Science [ **297**]{}, 812 (2002); M. Mézard and R. Zecchina, Phys. ", "Rev. E [ **66**]{}, 056126 (2002)\n\nT. Galla et al., ", "in preparation.", "\n\nIf each item is wanted by at least two players, a [ *maximally satisfiable phase*]{} may exist [@in-prep].", "\n\nE. Aurell, U. Gordon and S. Kirkpatrick, Adv. ", "Neural Inform. ", "Process. ", "Syst. [**", "17**]{}, 49 (2005)\n\nS. Seitz, M. Alava and P. Orponen, J. Stat. ", "Mech. ", "P06006 (2005)\n" ]

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[ "Swartz prosecutor: We only pushed for 'six months' in the cooler\n\nUS attorney Carmen Ortiz, who led the fraud case against Aaron Swartz until his suicide last week, has defended her prosecution of the internet prodigy.", "\n\nSwartz, 26, took his life on Friday at his home in New York in the midst of a lengthy court battle that could have put him behind bars for decades. ", "He was charged with computer fraud after copying 4.8 million scientific articles from the nonprofit journal archive JSTOR to allegedly redistribute online.", "\n\nAccording to his defence lawyers, the Reddit co-founder killed himself shortly after learning that the prosecution would not consider a plea bargain that would rule out a jail sentence.", "\n\nWithin days of his death, an online petition was created urging President Obama to fire Ortiz after Swartz's family said their son's suicide was \"the product of a criminal justice system rife with intimidation and prosecutorial overreach\". ", "The web appeal, hosted by the White House website, has collected at least 40,000 signatures.", "\n\nToday, Ortiz, the US attorney for the district of Massachusetts, said her \"office's conduct was appropriate in bringing and handling this case\". ", "She claimed that her team had not pushed for an unduly severe punishment.", "\n\n\"At no time did this office ever seek – or ever tell Mr Swartz’s attorneys that it intended to seek – maximum penalties under the law,\" she said in a statement.", "\n\n\"The prosecutors recognised that there was no evidence against Mr Swartz indicating that he committed his acts for personal financial gain, and they recognised that his conduct – while a violation of the law – did not warrant the severe punishments authorised by Congress and called for by the Sentencing Guidelines in appropriate cases.", "\n\n\"That is why in the discussions with his counsel about a resolution of the case this office sought an appropriate sentence that matched the alleged conduct – a sentence that we would recommend to the judge of six months in a low-security setting.", "\n\n\"While at the same time, his defence counsel would have been free to recommend a sentence of probation. ", "Ultimately, any sentence imposed would have been up to the judge.\"", "\n\nSwartz faced 13 felony charges including counts of wire fraud, computer fraud and recklessly damaging a protected computer, which could cumulatively carry a sentence of more than 30 years.", "\n\nThe federal attorney's statement, the first time she's been drawn to comment on Swartz's death, also offered her sympathies to his family and friends.", "\n\n\"I know that there is little I can say to abate the anger felt by those who believe that this office’s prosecution of Mr Swartz was unwarranted and somehow led to the tragic result of him taking his own life,\" she said. ", "®" ]

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[ "The US military covered up a reported surface-to-air missile strike by the Taliban that shot down a Chinook helicopter over Helmand in 2007 and killed seven soldiers, including a British military photographer, the war logs show.", "\n\nThe strike on the twin-rotor helicopter shows the Taliban enjoyed sophisticated anti-aircraft capabilities earlier than previously thought, casting new light on the battle for the skies over Afghanistan.", "\n\nHundreds of files detail the efforts of insurgents, who have no aircraft, to shoot down western warplanes. ", "The war logs detail at least 10 near-misses by missiles in four years against coalition aircraft, one while refuelling at 11,000ft and another involving a suspected Stinger missile of the kind supplied by the CIA to Afghan rebels in the 1980s.", "\n\nBut if American and British commanders were worried about the missile threat, they downplayed it in public – to the extent of ignoring their own pilots' testimony. ", "The CH-47 Chinook was shot down on 30 May 2007 after dropping troops at the strategic Kajaki dam in Helmand where the British were leading an anti-Taliban drive. ", "Witnesses reported that a missile struck the left rear engine of the aircraft, causing it to burst into flames and nosedive into the ground. ", "All on board died, including 28-year-old Corporal Mike Gilyeat of the Royal Military Police.", "\n\nLater that day Nato and US officials suggested the helicopter, codenamed Flipper, had been brought down by a rocket-propelled grenade – effectively, a lucky hit. \"", "It's not impossible for small-arms fire to bring down a helicopter,\" Nato spokesman Major John Thomas told Reuters in Kabul. ", "A US official said it had \"probably been brought down by a rocket-propelled grenade [RPG]\".", "\n\nBut US pilot logs show they were certain the missile was not an RPG and was most likely a Manpad – the military term for a shoulder-launched surface-to-air missile. \"", "Witness statements from Chalk 3 [another aircraft] suggest Flipper was struck by Manpad,\" it reads.", "\n\nThose fears were confirmed by two Apache attack helicopters hovering over the crash site that came under fire from more missiles, twice in 30 minutes. ", "Both missiles missed, and the pilots subsequently reported that they were \"not an RPG\" but a \"probable first-generation MANPAD\".", "\n\n\"Clearly the Taliban were attempting to down an Apache after downing the CH-47,\" it read.", "\n\nThe crash and its handling highlight steadily escalating US worries amid a stream of intelligence reports, also captured in the files, that suggest the Taliban were being supplied with missiles from Iran and Pakistan.", "\n\nOne internal report in September 2005 warned that Taliban commanders in Zabul and Kandahar provinces had acquired missiles they called \"number two Stinger\", for about $1,000 (£650) each. ", "Nine months later came the first of at least 10 near-miss reports.", "\n\nIn June 2006 a Black Hawk medevac helicopter came under fire 25 miles from Kandahar. ", "The missile changed course after the American crew launched six diversionary flares. \"", "The crew chief saw only the smoke trail due to evasive maneuvering but determined that the missile was a type of MANPAD,\" the subsequent report read – the second Manpad attack that month.", "\n\nIn June 2007, shortly after the American Chinook was shot down in Kajaki, a British Chinook had a close shave when its missile warning system activated 6,000ft over Helmand. \"", "The crew looked out their window and observed a projectile with a white-grey tight spiral smoke trail rising from their 7 o'clock, climbing through their level and exploding 2000ft 3000ft above and 0.5-1nm [nautical miles] ahead of the aircraft,\" it read.", "\n\n\"The airburst was described as a dark grey cloud. ", "All crew members heard a loud bang and the projectile passed within 50ft of the aircraft.\"", "\n\nA month later a C-130 aircraft was refueling 11,000ft over Nimroz province when a crew member spotted a \"bright flash\" followed by a second flash 2 nautical miles away. \"", "A corkscrew smoke trale [sic] was observed and the aircraft dispensed flares\" just before projectiles streaked past the plane, read the assessment.", "\n\nThe anti-aircraft missile threat has a strong historical resonance in Afghanistan. ", "CIA-supplied Stingers punched dozens of Soviet Hind helicopters from the skies in the 1980s, and were considered to have played a key role in forcing the Soviets to abandon the country in 1989.", "\n\nWestern worries that the phenomenon could be repeated in this war have made surface-to-air missiles a favourite topic among intelligence informers, whose unconfirmed accounts of meddling foreign powers stuff the files.", "\n\nAs fighting intensified in April 2007 one unidentified source told an American officer that seven Manpads purchased by Iran from Algeria had been \"clandestinely transported from Mashhad in Iran across the border into Afghanistan\". ", "Other reports, also unconfirmed, accused Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence of supplying weapons or missile-trainers to the Taliban.", "\n\nMore concretely, the files contain first-hand accounts of Afghan tribesmen slipping into US bases offering to sell their private stock of missiles. ", "In one instance four elders from Balkh, near Mazar-i-Sharif, arrived with a clutch of blurry photographs of missiles. \"", "Their motivation is monetary gain,\" the report notes.", "\n\nThe Americans were particularly interested in retrieving unused Stingers from the stockpile of up to 2,000 distributed in the 1980s. ", "One report from Jowzjan in 2005 said an Afghan intelligence chief was authorised to pay $5,000 for older SA-7 missiles and $15,000 for a Stinger. \"", "The NDS [National Directorate of Security] had been ordered to buy all they can acquire, to stop them falling into OMF [opposing military force] hands,\" it says.", "\n\nMilitary experts say many Stingers may no longer be operational – due to drained batteries, for instance – but on at least one occasion US troops feared they were under fire from their own weapons. ", "A Black Hawk helicopter leaving an airbase in Paktika province in July 2007 came under fire from two missiles that crew members believed were Stingers. ", "It was a \"probable Stinger due to flight characteristics, the smoke trail going straight up, then turn towards aircraft and lack of cork screws\".", "\n\nThe assessment was provided by a crew member who said he had previously operated the Stinger system. ", "It is not recorded whether his assessment was later confirmed.", "\n\nAnother eye-catching intelligence report from January 2009 says an Iranian agent, Hussein Razza, had arrived in Marjah in Helmand carrying four Stingers. ", "There have been no reports since of aircraft being shot down in Marjah, where British and American troops launched a major offensive last February.", "\n\nBut for all the worries about Manpads and Stingers, the Taliban's most potent weapon against US aircraft was a carefully aimed RPG. ", "In June 2005 a Taliban rocket shot down a Chinook in Kunar, killing all 16 special forces troops on board. ", "Another RPG strike in 2007 forced a Black Hawk in Wardak province to crash-land.", "\n\nAs fighting surged in the runup to the last election in August 2009, one report noted 32 RPG attacks against aircraft across Afghanistan in the previous month. \"", "RPGs remain the most lethal weapon system used in theatre, accounting for the majority of A/C [aircraft] losses,\" it said.", "\n\nBut some missile attacks remained a mystery. ", "In August 2007 two Harrier jets flying at 270mph were circling a target when \"an unidentified rocket\" passed between them, leaving a thick smoke trail that soared above 21,000ft and took three minutes to dissipate. ", "Task Force Pegasus, the US army aviation command, was puzzled. \"", "The signature reported by the crew does not match any known weapon in Afghanistan. ", "Every MANPAD and known rockets burn out at half the height reported by the crew.\"" ]

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[ "This invention relates to a process for the production of polymeric alkali metaol silicate glass. ", "This product has good strength, elasticity, wear resistance and will not support a flame. ", "It may be utilized as a coating agent as adhesive, as binders, as a laminating agent, for molding useful products and for film producing.", "\nIn U.S. Pat. ", "Application, no. ", "057810, filed 06-01-87, a flexible glass was produced whereas in this invention a much stronger polymeric alkali metal silicate glass is produced by polymerizing the alkali metal silicate by using multiple steps of controlled hydration and dehydration. ", "The production of alkali metal silicate film is known in the Arts. ", "The films produced from the known aqueous alkali metal silicate solution are brittle, had poor strength and develops micro-cracks while drying. ", "On pages 122 and 123 of \"The Chemistry of Silica\" by Ralph K. Iler, published in 1979 by A. Willy-Interscience Publication, New York, Iler discusses sodium silicate solutions used as adhesives and points out that the film formed by drying the water from the sodium silicate produces a film which is brittle and has micro-cracks that lower the strength of th dried film.", "\nI have discovered that a strong, somewhat elastic polymeric alkali metal glass product which may be rigid or flexible, can be produced by multiple steps of controlled limited hydration and dehydration of a powdered alkali metal silicate glass with a silicon dioxide:alkali metal oxide ratio of 1:1 to 3.9:1, preferably a ratio of 2.0:1 to 3.3. ", "The polymeric alkali metal glass is then mixed with water until a suspension and/or a solution is produced. ", "The excess water is then evaporated from the aqueous suspension or solution thereby producing a polymeric alkali metal silicate glass product. ", "The silicon dioxide:alkali metal oxide ratio of the aqueous polymeric alkali metal silicate glass suspension and/or solution may be increased up to about 25:1 by the addition of oxidated silicon compounds such as hydrated silica, aqueous suspended silica, precipitated silica, fumed silica, silicic acid, polysilicic acid, etc. ", "The amount of oxidated silicon compounds used is limited by the amount of water present." ]

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[ "Deeply Divided Lawmakers in North Carolina Leave the Controversial 'Bathroom Law' on the Books\n\nLawmakers in North Carolina convened on Wednesday to reconsider a repeal of House Bill 2 — a controversial law that requires people to use the public bathrooms that match the sex on their birth certificate and essentially bans transgender women from the women’s room and vice versa for transgender men. ", "But after nearly nine hours of protests, political maneuvering, and several votes, the law remained on the books just as it was before.", "\n\n“We’re worse off now than we were when we arrived,” said state Sen. Floyd McKissick, a Democrat. “", "The public perception of North Carolina, rather than being enhanced, it’s going to appear that we doubled down and we failed.”", "\n\nThe issue began when Charlotte, the state’s largest city, passed a law early this year that prohibited discriminating against residents based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. (", "Despite wide belief to the contrary, most cities and states don’t explicitly prohibit such discrimination; neither does any federal law.)", "\n\nThen, citing concerns about “men in women’s restrooms,” conservative state lawmakers convened a special session to pass HB2, a law that not only gutted Charlotte’s measure but prohibited any city from passing a similar one and enacted the birth certificate requirement.", "\n\nIt was widely reported that the incoming Democratic governor Roy Cooper — who campaigned on getting the law repealed — had brokered a tit-for-tat deal: if Charlotte would wipe its books of the non-discrimination law, state lawmakers would repeal HB2.", "\n\nThe city council in Charlotte did so (albeit in stuttering fashion) in meetings on Monday and Wednesday morning. ", "But when Senate Republicans put forward a bill to repeal HB2 later that day, it came with a caveat: there would a “cooling off” period that would extend the moratorium on non-discrimination laws for several months.", "\n\nThat was a no-go for opponents of HB2 because it “looks as if we’re sanctioning discrimination,” as one Democrat put it. ", "Nor was it “a repeal,” said state Sen. Angela Bryant, another Democrat, in the final minutes before the legislature passed a motion to adjourn for the holidays.", "\n\n“It’s smoke and mirrors, it’s a mirage, it’s not real,” she added. “", "I don’t know if you think we’re stupid or the public is stupid … but it just does not make sense.” ", "The gallery, where protestors lingered all day, broke into applause. ", "When the legislature adjourned, they chanted “shame.”", "\n\nRepublicans argued that, while everyone wanted an end to the economic turmoil the law had brought on the state, a clean repeal would just lead to a repeat, with Charlotte or other cities passing laws that would inspire conservative lawmakers to intervene as they had before. (", "Many also alleged that the Charlotte city council had been offered the same deal in the past, but did not act while Cooper could use the law the bludgeon his opponent, Gov. Pat McCrory.)", "\n\nSen. Phil Berger, the Republican who authored the bill, said it offered a “reset” that would avoid the same fight being fought again while lawmakers worked to find compromise. “", "It gives everyone an opportunity to start over,” he said. “", "You don’t get those chances very often.”", "\n\n“I have no faith in Charlotte,” said Republican state Sen. Buck Newton. “", "We’ll be back here trying to discuss the same thing again, over and over and over.” ", "He characterized non-discrimination bills that protect transgender people’s right to use the bathrooms that align with their gender identity as the product of “the lunatic Left.”", "\n\nThe legislature will reconvene in 2017, but with both sides obstinate, it is unclear where lawmakers will find compromise. “", "No economic, political or ideological pressure can convince me that what is wrong is right,” Lt. ", "Gov. Dan Forest, who presides over the state Senate, wrote in a statement.", "\n\nThe NBA moved the 2017 All-Star Game from Charlotte to New Orleans because of HB2. ", "Bruce Springsteen canceled concerts. ", "PayPal scrapped an expansion that would have added 400 jobs to the economy. ", "By one liberal think tank’s estimate, the lost economic impact of passing the law — and keeping it on the books — totals more than half a billion dollars.", "\n\nBecause the law had become a key issue and point of contrast in the governor’s race, it arguably lost McCrory his bid for reelection, too. ", "The sitting governor went down weathering the fallout, if also proving his social-conservative chops. “", "The only place where transgender people were on the ballot this year was North Carolina,” Mara Keisling, a prominent advocate, told TIME after the election results came in. “", "And we won.”", "\n\nLGBT rights groups seemed prepared to accept Charlotte’s ending of explicit protections for transgender people if it meant an end to HB2. ", "But when the “cooling off” caveat became known, the likes of the Human Rights Campaign quickly spoke out against the proposal, with officials saying it was clear that North Carolina is still “closed for business.” ", "Many such groups have worked to draw attention to the economic problems, hoping this saga will serve as a cautionary tale for other states — like Texas — that are already gearing up to consider similar legislation come January.", "\n\n“We came here to solve a problem,” said state Sen. Dan Blue, a Democrat, “only to accomplish nothing.”" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nhelloword solj programe goves me an exception 'bad request'\n\nI try to index this data in solr from my java application.", "\nThe problem is that it gives me this exception \nException in thread \"main\" org.apache.solr.common.", "SolrException: Bad Request\n\nBad Request\n\nrequest: http://localhost:8983/solr/update?wt=javabin&version=2\n at org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.", "CommonsHttpSolrServer.request(CommonsHttpSolrServer.java:436)\n at org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.", "CommonsHttpSolrServer.request(CommonsHttpSolrServer.java:246)\n at org.apache.solr.client.solrj.request.", "AbstractUpdateRequest.process(AbstractUpdateRequest.java:104)\n at org.apache.solr.client.solrj.", "SolrServer.add(SolrServer.java:70)\n at org.apache.solr.client.solrj.", "SolrServer.add(SolrServer.java:55)\n at com.gismo.", "ReadFromSolr.main(ReadFromSolr.java:47)\n\nHere is my code\npublic static void main(String[] args) throws SolrServerException, SQLException, IOException \n { String url = \"http://localhost:8983/solr/db\";\n\n CommonsHttpSolrServer solrServer = new\n CommonsHttpSolrServer(\"http://localhost:8983/solr\");\n\n SolrInputDocument doc1 = new SolrInputDocument();\n doc1.addField( \"pk_id\", \"id1\");\n doc1.addField(\"doc_type\", \"content\");\n doc1.addField( \"id\", \"1\");\n doc1.addField( \"content_text\", \"hello world\" );\n\n Collection<SolrInputDocument> docs = new\n ArrayList<SolrInputDocument>();\n docs.add(doc1);\n solrServer.add(docs);\n solrServer.commit(); \n }\n\nSo I've got one more questions\n1. ", "Do i need to declarethis fields somewhere before indexing : for example in solr \nC:\\solr-4.1.0\\example\\solr\\collection1\\conf\\schema.xml\n\nA:\n\nYes, you will need to make sure those four fields you are referencing in your SolrInputDocument are declared in the <fields> section of your schema.xml. ", "Please reference SchemaXml as needed. ", "\nAlso, please note that CommonsHttpSolrServer has been deprecated favor of HttpSolrServer, so I would recommend using that class.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow do I cast to an Interface / Class from Kotlin Class from String?", "\n\nI get a class with Class.forName(\"classname\").kotlin.", "\nI know that the class implements an Interface, which is extremly simple (if you have a solution that is different from what I think, it would work great too)\ninterface Runner {\n fun run(): String\n}\n\nWhen I try to cast my class, to use the function, like this\nval result = (Class.forName(\"classname\").kotlin as Runner).run()\n\nI get the following error: \nkotlin.reflect.jvm.internal.", "KClassImpl cannot be cast to Runner\n\nIs there even a way to make this work? ", "I also tried it with Class.forName(\"classname\").kotlin.functions and then tried to execute the function from there, but I did not have success with that.", "\nIf you know the Java solution to this problem (calling a function from the class name) it may be nice to hear that too.", "\n\nA:\n\nThe problem you have is that Class.forName(\"...\").kotlin returns a KClass, which only represents a class, and isn't an instance of the class that you've referenced. ", "To create an instance of that class, you can use createInstance():\nval kclass = Class.forName(\"classname\").kotlin\nval instance = kclass.createInstance() as Runner\n\nprintln(instance.run())\n\nNote that for createInstance to work, the class needs a constructor that can be called with no arguments (so one that has no parameters, or one that has default values for all of its parameters).", "\n\n" ]

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[ "An estimated 54.4 million (approximately one in four) U.S. adults have doctor-diagnosed arthritis (arthritis) ([@R1]). ", "Severe joint pain and physical inactivity are common among adults with arthritis and are linked to adverse mental and physical health effects and limitations ([@R2],[@R3]). ", "CDC analyzed 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data to estimate current state-specific prevalence of arthritis and, among adults with arthritis, the prevalences of severe joint pain and physical inactivity. ", "In 2017, the median age-standardized state prevalence of arthritis among adults aged ≥18 years was 22.8% (range = 15.7% \\[District of Columbia\\] to 34.6% \\[West Virginia\\]) and was generally highest in Appalachia and Lower Mississippi Valley regions.[\\*](#FN1){ref-type=\"fn\"} Among adults with arthritis, age-standardized, state-specific prevalences of both severe joint pain (median = 30.3%; range = 20.8% \\[Colorado\\] to 45.2% \\[Mississippi\\]) and physical inactivity (median = 33.7%; range = 23.2% \\[Colorado\\] to 44.4% \\[Kentucky\\]) were highest in southeastern states. ", "Physical inactivity prevalence among those with severe joint pain (47.0%) was higher than that among those with moderate (31.8%) or no/mild joint pain (22.6%). ", "Self-management strategies such as maintaining a healthy weight or being physically active can reduce arthritis pain and prevent or delay arthritis-related disability. ", "Evidence-based physical activity and self-management education programs are available that can improve quality of life among adults with arthritis.", "\n\nBRFSS is an ongoing state-based, landline and cellular telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults in the United States aged ≥18 years that is conducted by state and territorial health departments in 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia (DC), and U.S. territories.[^†^](#FN2){ref-type=\"fn\"} The combined (telephone and cellular) median response rate in 2017 among states was 45.9% (range = 30.6%--64.1%); 435,331 adults reported information about arthritis status and age, and among them, 144,099 reported having arthritis.[^§^](#FN3){ref-type=\"fn\"} Having arthritis was defined as a response of \"yes\" to the question \"Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health care professional that you have arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia?\" ", "No/mild, moderate, and severe joint pain were defined by responses of 0--3, 4--6, and 7--10, respectively, to the question \"Please think about the past 30 days, keeping in mind all of your joint pain or aching and whether or not you have taken medication. ", "On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is no pain or aching and 10 is pain or aching as bad as it can be, during the past 30 days, how bad was your joint pain on average?\" ", "Physical inactivity was defined as a response of \"no\" to the question \"During the past month, other than your regular job, did you participate in any physical activities or exercises such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or walking for exercise?\"", "\n\nAll analyses, which accounted for BRFSS's complex sampling design, were conducted using SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute) and SUDAAN (version 11.0; RTI International). ", "Sampling weights, using iterative proportional fitting (raking), were applied to make estimates representative of each state.[^¶^](#FN4){ref-type=\"fn\"} Age-standardized,[\\*\\*](#FN5){ref-type=\"fn\"} state-specific prevalences of arthritis among adults aged ≥18 years, and of severe joint pain and physical inactivity among adults with arthritis, were calculated by selected characteristics. ", "Differences across subgroups were tested using t-tests, and orthogonal linear contrasts were conducted for tests of trends to detect linear patterns in ordinal variables ([@R4]); all differences and trends reported in the text are significant (α = 0.05).", "\n\nIn 2017, age-specific arthritis prevalence was higher with increasing age, ranging from 8.1% among those aged 18--44 years to 50.4% among those aged ≥65 years ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Age-standardized arthritis prevalence was significantly higher among women (25.4%) than among men (19.1%); non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Natives (29.7%) than among other racial/ethnic groups (range = 12.8%--25.5%); and those unable to work/disabled (51.3%), compared with retired (34.3%), unemployed (26.0%), or employed/self-employed (17.7%). ", "Arthritis prevalence was higher with increasing body mass index, ranging from 17.9% among those with healthy weight or underweight to 30.4% among those with obesity. ", "Arthritis prevalence was lower among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Asians than among other racial/ethnic groups, was inversely related to education and federal poverty level, and was higher among those living in more rural areas compared with urban dwellers.", "\n\n###### Age-specific and age-standardized[\\*](#FN1){ref-type=\"fn\"} prevalence of arthritis[^†^](#FN2){ref-type=\"fn\"} among U.S. adults aged ≥18 years, and among those with arthritis, prevalences of severe joint pain,[^§^](#FN3){ref-type=\"fn\"} and physical inactivity,[^¶^](#FN4){ref-type=\"fn\"} by selected characteristics --- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2017\n\n Characteristic Sample size (adults aged ≥18 yrs) Unweighted no. ", "with arthritis\\*\\* Arthritis, % (95% CI) Severe joint pain,^††^ % (95% CI) Physical inactivity,^††^ % (95% CI)\n ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------------------- -------------------------------------\n **Age group (yrs)** \n 18--44 122,340 11,615 8.1 (7.8--8.3) 33.0 (31.3--34.7) 31.0 (29.4--32.7)\n 45--64 159,379 54,383 31.8 (31.3--32.3) 35.6 (34.7--36.5) 35.9 (35.0--36.8)\n ≥65 153,612 78,101 50.4 (49.8--51.0) 25.1 (24.3--25.9) 37.0 (36.1--37.8)\n **Sex** \n Men 192,681 52,827 19.1 (18.8--19.4) 27.3 (25.9--28.7) 30.4 (29.1--31.7)\n Women 242,460 91,221 25.4 (25.0--25.7) 36.0 (34.7--37.3) 35.6 (34.3--36.9)\n **Race/Hispanic ethnicity^§§^** \n White 331,585 116,255 24.1 (23.8--24.3) 27.4 (26.4--28.4) 31.8 (30.8--32.8)\n Black 34,952 11,594 24.1 (23.3--24.9) 50.9 (48.0--53.9) 40.4 (37.3--43.5)\n Hispanic 32,064 5,800 16.9 (16.2--17.7) 42.0 (38.7--45.4) 36.0 (32.8--39.3)\n Asian 9,165 1,161 12.8 (11.2--14.5) 27.7 (16.9--41.8)^¶¶^ 36.1 (25.0--48.9)\n American Indian/Alaska Native 8,206 2,805 29.7 (27.2--32.4) 42.0 (35.3--49.0) 33.2 (27.7--39.1)\n Other/Multiple race 11,952 3,930 25.5 (24.1--27.0) 37.4 (33.4--41.7) 33.3 (29.1--37.7)\n **Highest level of education** \n Less than high school graduate 31,177 12,595 25.7 (24.9--26.6) 54.1 (51.0--57.2) 46.4 (43.1--49.6)\n High school graduate or equivalent 118,840 43,212 23.4 (23.0--23.8) 35.5 (33.9--37.1) 38.7 (37.0--40.3)\n Technical school/Some college 120,950 42,634 24.4 (23.9--24.8) 30.2 (28.5--31.9) 31.6 (30.1--33.2)\n College degree or higher 163,230 45,317 17.5 (17.1--17.8) 15.1 (14.0--16.3) 20.0 (18.7--21.4)\n **Employment status** \n Employed/Self-employed 217,384 44,544 17.7 (17.4--18.1) 20.6 (19.5--21.8) 29.2 (28.0--30.4)\n Unemployed 18,884 5,864 26.0 (24.9--27.2) 39.9 (36.6--43.3) 33.4 (30.4--36.7)\n Retired 129,618 64,620 34.3 (28.4--40.7) 45.8 (35.0--57.1) 31.1 (24.2--39.1)\n Unable to work/Disabled 31,689 20,443 51.3 (49.8--52.7) 66.9 (64.9--68.9) 51.2 (48.8--53.5)\n Other 34,662 7,965 21.1 (20.2--22.0) 30.6 (27.3--34.2) 29.4 (26.0--32.9)\n **Federal poverty level\\*\\*\\*** \n ≤125% FPL 59,064 23,120 28.6 (28.0--29.3) 51.6 (49.6--53.6) 42.6 (40.6--44.7)\n \\>125% to ≤200% FPL 55,134 22,702 24.7 (24.0--25.5) 33.0 (30.5--35.5) 36.7 (33.9--39.5)\n \\>200% to ≤400% FPL 89,104 32,172 22.4 (21.9--23.0) 24.9 (22.6--27.3) 31.1 (28.8--33.4)\n \\>400% FPL 117,078 30,457 18.4 (17.9--18.8) 13.9 (12.0--16.1) 20.7 (18.8--22.6)\n **Sexual orientation^†††^** \n Straight 185,994 63,300 22.1 (21.8--22.5) 31.7 (30.1--33.3) 33.4 (32.0--34.9)\n Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Queer/ Questioning 9,346 2,646 22.5 (21.1--24.0) 40.7 (36.3--45.4) 33.2 (29.2--37.5)\n **Urban-rural status^§§§^** \n Large metro center 68,712 18,857 19.5 (19.0--20.0) 34.2 (31.5--37.0) 30.7 (28.2--33.3)\n Large fringe metro 83,056 26,913 22.2 (21.7--22.6) 28.6 (26.7--30.6) 31.6 (29.7--33.6)\n Medium metro 90,803 29,572 23.1 (22.7--23.5) 33.0 (31.3--34.7) 34.0 (32.3--35.8)\n Small metro 60,652 20,685 24.0 (23.5--24.6) 32.7 (30.8--34.7) 35.0 (33.0--37.1)\n Micropolitan 65,752 23,315 26.3 (25.6--26.9) 33.3 (30.9--35.7) 37.0 (34.7--39.4)\n Rural (noncore) 66,356 24,757 27.7 (26.9--28.5) 35.7 (33.2--38.3) 38.7 (36.2--41.2)\n **Body mass index (kg/m^2^)** \n Underweight/Healthy weight (\\<25) 131,890 34,818 17.9 (17.5--18.2) 29.1 (27.2--31.0) 28.6 (27.0--30.3)\n Overweight (25 to \\<30) 145,099 46,441 20.4 (20.0--20.8) 28.6 (26.7--30.5) 27.8 (26.2--29.5)\n Obese (≥30) 125,421 53,342 30.4 (29.9--30.9) 37.2 (35.7--38.7) 39.3 (37.7--40.8)\n\n**Abbreviations:** CI = confidence interval; FPL = federal poverty level.", "\n\n\\* Except for age groups, estimates were age-standardized to the 2000 projected U.S. population aged ≥18 years using three groups (18--44, 45--64, and ≥65 years): <https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statnt/statnt20.pdf>.", "\n\n^†^ Respondents were classified as having arthritis if they responded \"yes\" to the question \"Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health care professional that you have arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia?\" ", "Overall, 144,099 respondents reported arthritis.", "\n\n^§^ Severe joint pain was defined as a response of 7--10 to \"Please think about the past 30 days, keeping in mind all of your joint pain or aching and whether or not you have taken medication. ", "On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is no pain or aching and 10 is pain or aching as bad as it can be, during the past 30 days, how bad was your joint pain on average?\" ", "Overall, 141,744 (98.4%) respondents with arthritis had severe joint pain data available.", "\n\n^¶^ Physical inactivity was defined as reporting \"no\" to the question \"During the past month, other than your regular job, did you participate in any physical activities or exercises such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or walking for exercise?\" ", "Overall, 135,160 (93.8%) respondents with arthritis had physical inactivity data available.", "\n\n\\*\\* Categories might not sum to sample total because of missing responses for some variables.", "\n\n^††^ Among adults aged ≥18 years with arthritis.", "\n\n^§§^ Persons who identified as Hispanic might be of any race. ", "Persons who identified with a racial group were all non-Hispanic.", "\n\n^¶¶^ Estimate is potentially unreliable because the relative standard error was between 20% and 30%.", "\n\n\\*\\*\\* Federal poverty level is the ratio of total family income to federal poverty level per family size. ", "Overall, 35,648 respondents had missing data.", "\n\n^†††^ Sexual orientation was not asked in every state. ", "The 27 states that asked sexual orientation were California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. ", "A total of 1,049 respondents refused to answer.", "\n\n^§§§^ Urban-rural status was categorized using the National Center for Health Statistics 2013 Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties: <https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_166.pdf>.", "\n\nAmong adults with arthritis, no/mild, moderate, and severe joint pain was reported by 36.2% (95% confidence interval \\[CI\\] = 35.7%--36.8%), 33.0% (CI = 32.4%--33.5%), and 30.8% (CI = 30.3%--31.4%) of respondents, respectively (unadjusted prevalences). ", "Age-specific percentages for severe joint pain declined with increasing age, ranging from 33.0% among those aged 18--44 years to 25.1% among those aged ≥65 years. ", "Age-standardized severe joint pain prevalence was ≥40% among the following groups: those unable to work/disabled (66.9%); those with less than a high school diploma (54.1%); those living at ≤125% federal poverty level (51.6%); non-Hispanic blacks (50.9%); retired persons (45.8%); Hispanics (42.0%); non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaska Natives (42.0%); and lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/questioning (40.7%; reported by 27 states). ", "Severe joint pain prevalence was similar across urban/rural geographic areas, ranging from 32.7%--35.7% in all areas, except for a lower prevalence (28.6%) in large fringe metro areas ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nAmong adults with arthritis, age-specific physical inactivity prevalence was higher with increasing age (ranging from 31.0% among those aged 18--44 years to 37.0% among those aged ≥65 years). ", "Age-standardized physical inactivity prevalence was ≥40% among the following groups: those unable to work/disabled (51.2%); those with less than a high school diploma (46.4%); those living at ≤125% federal poverty level (42.6%); and non-Hispanic blacks (40.4%). ", "Physical inactivity prevalence increased with increasing rurality and with increasing joint pain levels (ranging from 22.6% among those with no/mild joint pain to 47.0% among those with severe joint pain).", "\n\nMedian age-standardized state prevalence of arthritis among adults aged ≥18 years was 22.8% (range = 15.7% \\[DC\\] to 34.6% \\[West Virginia\\]) ([Table 2](#T2){ref-type=\"table\"}) and was highest in Appalachia and Lower Mississippi Valley regions. ", "Among 144,099 adults with arthritis, median age-standardized state prevalences of severe joint pain and physical inactivity were 30.3% (range = 20.8% \\[Colorado\\] to 45.2% \\[Mississippi\\]) and 33.7% (range = 23.2% \\[Colorado\\] to 44.4% \\[Kentucky\\]), respectively. ", "Age-standardized severe joint pain ([Figure](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and physical inactivity prevalences were highest in southeastern states.", "\n\n###### State-specific crude and age-standardized[\\*](#FN1){ref-type=\"fn\"} prevalence of arthritis[^†^](#FN2){ref-type=\"fn\"} among U.S. adults aged ≥18 years and among those with arthritis, prevalences of severe joint pain,[^§^](#FN3){ref-type=\"fn\"} and physical inactivity[^¶^](#FN4){ref-type=\"fn\"} --- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2017\n\n State Arthritis Severe joint pain\\*\\* Physical inactivity\\*\\* \n ---------------------- ----------- ----------------------- ------------------------- ------------------- --------- --------- ------------------- ------------------- --------- --------- ------------------- -------------------\n Alabama 2,778 1,241 33.3 (31.9--34.8) 30.4 (29.0--31.8) 1,050 477 38.9 (36.5--41.4) 41.1 (37.0--45.3) 1,158 519 44.6 (42.1--47.2) 42.3 (38.1--46.6)\n Alaska 943 124 22.5 (20.4--24.8) 22.8 (20.8--25.0) 193 28 22.6 (18.2--27.7) 23.8 (17.1--32.1) 267 34 29.0 (24.2--34.3) 29.1 (21.8--37.8)\n Arizona 4,925 1,285 24.3 (23.5--25.1) 22.0 (21.3--22.8) 1,248 384 30.3 (28.6--32.1) 31.7 (28.6--35.0) 1,472 405 34.5 (32.7--36.3) 29.3 (26.4--32.4)\n Arkansas 2,298 700 30.9 (28.8--33.0) 28.4 (26.3--30.5) 734 260 37.6 (33.9--41.5) 42.4 (35.8--49.3) 920 265 40.6 (36.9--44.3) 36.8 (30.8--43.2)\n California 2,095 5,873 19.5 (18.4--20.6) 18.3 (17.4--19.3) 547 1,682 28.9 (26.1--31.8) 29.7 (24.6--35.3) 461 1,432 26.6 (23.8--29.5) 26.3 (21.8--31.3)\n Colorado 2,796 920 21.4 (20.5--22.3) 20.3 (19.5--21.1) 500 188 20.8 (19.0--22.8) 20.8 (17.8--24.3) 578 200 24.5 (22.4--26.7) 23.2 (19.7--27.2)\n Connecticut 3,269 639 23.1 (22.1--24.1) 20.1 (19.3--21.0) 707 161 25.6 (23.5--27.9) 28.5 (24.0--33.5) 899 185 31.9 (29.7--34.2) 30.5 (25.7--35.7)\n Delaware 1,247 189 25.3 (23.6--27.1) 22.3 (20.7--24.0) 381 62 33.6 (30.0--37.5) 34.6 (28.2--41.6) 443 67 38.5 (34.7--42.5) 37.5 (30.6--45.0)\n District of Columbia 900 80 14.3 (13.2--15.5) 15.7 (14.7--16.9) 298 29 37.1 (33.1--41.3) 40.4 (32.1--49.4) 262 24 30.8 (27.1--34.8) 29.9 (23.1--37.7)\n Florida 7,271 4,112 24.8 (23.6--26.0) 20.5 (19.5--21.5) 2,540 1,496 37.3 (34.7--40.0) 42.0 (36.9--47.3) 2,670 1,506 39.4 (36.7--42.1) 34.4 (29.8--39.3)\n Georgia 1,826 1,734 22.3 (21.1--23.5) 21.0 (19.9--22.1) 606 562 32.9 (30.2--35.9) 29.2 (25.0--33.9) 743 697 43.7 (40.6--46.9) 39.9 (34.8--45.2)\n Hawaii 1,942 232 21.0 (19.8--22.3) 19.0 (17.9--20.1) 411 51 22.2 (19.5--25.2) 27.3 (22.5--32.7) 463 66 30.1 (26.8--33.6) 33.4 (27.8--39.6)\n Idaho 1,540 304 24.2 (22.7--25.7) 22.2 (20.8--23.6) 338 70 23.1 (20.4--26.1) 26.1 (21.2--31.7) 455 92 32.6 (29.3--36.0) 30.9 (25.4--37.1)\n Illinois 1,726 2,405 24.5 (23.1--25.9) 22.4 (21.2--23.7) 388 633 26.4 (23.5--29.5) 28.4 (22.5--35.1) 495 688 30.5 (27.7--33.4) 24.9 (20.5--29.9)\n Indiana 5,118 1,428 28.4 (27.5--29.3) 26.1 (25.3--27.0) 1,383 417 29.6 (28.0--31.3) 30.3 (27.5--33.3) 1,853 517 39.5 (37.7--41.4) 36.9 (33.8--40.2)\n Iowa 2,309 588 24.6 (23.6--25.7) 22.0 (21.0--22.9) 434 123 21.1 (19.1--23.3) 22.4 (18.7--26.6) 698 179 32.7 (30.5--35.1) 28.4 (24.6--32.4)\n Kansas 6,540 519 24.1 (23.4--24.7) 22.2 (21.6--22.8) 1,506 129 25.3 (23.9--26.7) 26.6 (24.3--29.0) 2,205 177 37.0 (35.4--38.5) 34.6 (32.0--37.4)\n Kentucky 3,350 1,095 32.3 (30.7--33.8) 29.4 (28.0--30.9) 1,222 413 38.3 (35.5--41.2) 39.2 (35.0--43.5) 1,433 474 46.4 (43.5--49.3) 44.4 (40.0--48.8)\n Louisiana 1,588 962 27.2 (25.7--28.8) 25.5 (24.1--26.9) 566 363 38.3 (35.2--41.5) 39.0 (34.3--44.0) 596 369 42.8 (39.5--46.1) 41.7 (36.8--46.9)\n Maine 3,619 333 31.1 (29.8--32.5) 26.5 (25.2--27.9) 730 71 21.6 (19.6--23.7) 22.2 (18.6--26.2) 1,046 96 30.8 (28.6--33.1) 26.4 (22.8--30.4)\n Maryland 4,907 1,146 24.9 (23.9--26.0) 22.8 (21.9--23.8) 1,140 304 26.8 (24.7--29.0) 31.8 (27.5--36.4) 1,520 367 35.2 (33.0--37.5) 33.5 (29.0--38.3)\n Massachusetts 2,126 1,262 23.7 (22.2--25.4) 21.3 (20.0--22.8) 498 327 26.6 (23.3--30.1) 25.9 (20.9--31.7) 611 377 32.1 (28.5--35.9) 27.9 (22.3--34.2)\n Michigan 3,953 2,338 30.5 (29.4--31.5) 27.1 (26.2--28.1) 1,079 749 32.4 (30.4--34.4) 34.8 (31.4--38.4) 1,217 781 35.2 (33.2--37.2) 36.2 (32.7--39.8)\n Minnesota 4,269 833 19.8 (19.1--20.5) 17.8 (17.2--18.5) 811 165 20.2 (18.6--21.9) 22.1 (19.3--25.2) 1,319 253 32.7 (30.9--34.6) 31.2 (28.0--34.6)\n Mississippi 1,915 657 29.3 (27.6--31.0) 27.2 (25.6--28.8) 709 272 42.0 (38.8--45.3) 45.2 (39.7--50.7) 725 256 43.1 (39.8--46.4) 41.6 (35.9--47.6)\n Missouri 2,752 1,296 27.8 (26.5--29.1) 24.9 (23.8--26.1) 782 373 29.4 (27.0--31.9) 30.8 (26.6--35.4) 1,051 472 37.7 (35.1--40.3) 35.4 (30.9--40.1)\n Montana 1,930 207 25.5 (24.0--26.9) 22.6 (21.3--24.0) 450 51 24.8 (22.1--27.8) 27.2 (22.8--32.1) 640 68 34.0 (31.0--37.2) 32.2 (27.5--37.2)\n Nebraska 4,789 345 24.0 (23.1--25.0) 22.0 (21.1--22.9) 916 69 20.2 (18.4--22.1) 22.9 (19.4--26.8) 1,553 104 32.1 (30.1--34.2) 29.5 (25.9--33.2)\n Nevada 1,112 462 20.3 (18.6--22.1) 18.5 (17.0--20.1) 286 136 29.8 (25.7--34.4) 31.0 (24.4--38.5) 322 150 33.9 (29.3--38.8) 30.1 (23.2--38.1)\n New Hampshire 2,064 281 26.5 (25.1--28.1) 23.0 (21.6--24.4) 447 62 22.3 (19.9--24.9) 24.7 (19.6--30.7) 584 80 31.0 (28.2--34.1) 33.7 (27.2--40.9)\n New Jersey 3,751 1,576 22.9 (21.8--24.1) 20.4 (19.4--21.4) 1,089 485 31.2 (28.6--33.9) 34.0 (29.0--39.4) 1,308 585 39.9 (37.1--42.7) 36.1 (31.0--41.5)\n New Mexico 2,099 398 25.3 (24.0--26.8) 23.0 (21.7--24.4) 631 136 34.3 (31.3--37.5) 38.7 (33.4--44.2) 616 111 30.2 (27.4--33.1) 25.6 (21.9--29.8)\n New York 3,509 3,445 22.6 (21.6--23.6) 20.4 (19.6--21.2) 976 1,083 32.0 (29.7--34.4) 32.8 (28.9--37.1) 1,086 1,085 34.8 (32.5--37.3) 33.3 (29.2--37.7)\n North Carolina 1,477 1,921 24.4 (23.0--26.0) 22.1 (20.8--23.5) 517 695 36.9 (33.6--40.4) 43.6 (38.2--49.2) 524 663 36.0 (32.7--39.5) 36.4 (30.8--42.3)\n North Dakota 2,307 141 24.3 (23.1--25.6) 23.3 (22.1--24.5) 378 27 19.3 (17.0--21.7) 21.7 (17.7--26.2) 749 46 35.0 (32.3--37.9) 35.9 (31.1--41.0)\n Ohio 4,741 2,598 29.1 (28.0--30.2) 25.9 (24.9--27.0) 1,291 760 29.6 (27.5--31.7) 32.4 (28.7--36.4) 1,804 936 38.1 (36.0--40.3) 34.0 (30.3--37.8)\n Oklahoma 2,423 814 27.8 (26.5--29.1) 26.0 (24.8--27.2) 667 257 32.4 (30.0--35.0) 32.9 (28.8--37.2) 947 314 41.4 (38.8--44.0) 37.4 (33.3--41.8)\n Oregon 1,650 847 26.6 (25.2--28.0) 23.9 (22.7--25.2) 342 193 23.3 (20.8--25.9) 23.7 (19.8--28.1) 443 236 30.1 (27.3--33.0) 27.0 (22.9--31.5)\n Pennsylvania 2,128 2,915 29.2 (27.8--30.6) 25.4 (24.2--26.7) 556 789 27.4 (24.9--30.0) 28.9 (24.9--33.4) 658 956 34.9 (32.1--37.8) 35.2 (30.3--40.4)\n Rhode Island 1,968 229 27.4 (25.9--29.0) 24.7 (23.2--26.1) 508 64 28.1 (25.3--31.1) 33.2 (27.4--39.6) 616 74 35.1 (32.1--38.1) 34.0 (28.2--40.4)\n South Carolina 4,286 1,082 28.0 (26.9--29.1) 24.9 (23.9--25.8) 1,340 371 34.9 (32.8--37.0) 38.5 (34.4--42.7) 1,445 362 36.1 (34.0--38.2) 35.5 (31.4--39.7)\n South Dakota 2,077 145 22.2 (20.6--23.9) 20.0 (18.5--21.6) 468 32 22.6 (19.5--26.1) 22.4 (17.6--28.1) 621 46 33.0 (29.2--37.0) 28.6 (22.7--35.3)\n Tennessee 2,107 1,540 30.1 (28.6--31.7) 27.4 (26.0--28.8) 710 547 36.1 (33.2--39.0) 36.7 (32.1--41.5) 799 562 40.5 (37.5--43.5) 37.0 (32.7--41.5)\n Texas 3,818 4,438 21.3 (19.9--22.9) 20.8 (19.5--22.3) 1,127 1,572 36.0 (32.1--40.1) 35.5 (29.1--42.4) 1,474 1,697 41.8 (37.6--46.0) 38.7 (32.2--45.6)\n Utah 2,512 414 19.3 (18.4--20.2) 20.2 (19.4--21.1) 531 89 22.0 (19.9--24.2) 22.4 (19.4--25.7) 695 110 27.6 (25.4--30.0) 25.9 (22.6--29.5)\n Vermont 2,184 138 27.7 (26.4--29.1) 23.7 (22.6--24.9) 430 30 22.2 (19.9--24.6) 22.5 (18.6--26.9) 538 36 28.3 (25.8--31.0) 27.0 (22.5--31.9)\n Virginia 3,184 1,628 25.1 (24.0--26.2) 23.1 (22.2--24.1) 835 481 29.9 (27.7--32.3) 30.7 (26.9--34.9) 1,064 567 36.6 (34.3--39.1) 36.6 (32.4--41.0)\n Washington 4,154 1,359 24.1 (23.2--25.0) 22.3 (21.5--23.2) 808 294 21.9 (20.2--23.8) 22.1 (19.3--25.1) 1,002 327 25.5 (23.8--27.4) 23.7 (20.9--26.8)\n West Virginia 2,501 561 39.2 (37.7--40.8) 34.6 (33.1--36.0) 856 206 37.3 (35.0--39.6) 37.5 (33.7--41.4) 996 226 41.4 (39.1--43.8) 39.0 (35.1--43.0)\n Wisconsin 1,856 1,136 25.6 (24.2--27.1) 22.9 (21.6--24.2) 463 294 26.1 (23.4--29.0) 26.9 (22.5--31.8) 493 293 27.9 (24.9--31.0) 26.2 (21.2--31.9)\n Wyoming 1,470 113 25.4 (23.9--26.9) 23.4 (22.1--24.8) 290 26 23.2 (20.4--26.1) 23.6 (19.1--28.9) 499 40 36.4 (33.2--39.6) 35.4 (30.2--41.1)\n **State median** **N/A** **N/A** **24.9** **22.8** **N/A** **N/A** **28.9** **30.3** **N/A** **N/A** **34.9** **33.7**\n\n**Abbreviations:** CI = confidence interval; N/A = not applicable.", "\n\n\\* Estimates were age-standardized to the 2000 projected U.S. population aged ≥18 years using three groups (18--44, 45--64, and ≥65 years).", "\n\n^†^ Respondents were classified as having arthritis if they responded \"yes\" to the question \"Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health care professional that you have arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia?\"", "\n\n^§^ Severe joint pain was defined as a response of 7--10 to \"Please think about the past 30 days, keeping in mind all of your joint pain or aching and whether or not you have taken medication. ", "On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is no pain or aching and 10 is pain or aching as bad as it can be, during the past 30 days, how bad was your joint pain on average?\"", "\n\n^¶^ Physical inactivity was defined as reporting \"no\" to the question \"During the past month, other than your regular job, did you participate in any physical activities or exercises such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or walking for exercise?\"", "\n\n\\*\\* Among adults aged ≥18 years with arthritis.", "\n\n{ref-type=\"fn\"} state-specific percentage of severe joint pain[^†^](#FN2){ref-type=\"fn\"} among U.S. adults aged ≥18 years with arthritis[^§^](#FN3){ref-type=\"fn\"} --- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2017\\\n\\* Estimates were age-standardized to the 2000 projected U.S. population aged ≥18 years using three age groups (18--44, 45--64, and ≥65 years).\\\n^†^ Severe joint pain was defined as a response of 7--10 to \"Please think about the past 30 days, keeping in mind all of your joint pain or aching and whether or not you have taken medication. ", "On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is no pain or aching and 10 is pain or aching as bad as it can be, during the past 30 days, how bad was your joint pain on average?\"\\\n^§^ Respondents were classified as having arthritis if they responded \"yes\" to the question \"Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health care professional that you have arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia?\"](mm6817a2-F){#F1}\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nThe 2017 age-standardized prevalence of arthritis was highest in Appalachia and the Lower Mississippi Valley; prevalences of severe joint pain and physical inactivity among adults with arthritis were highest in southeastern states. ", "Estimates for all three outcomes in 2017 were similar to those in 2015 ([@R5]). ", "Except for age, urban-rural status, and sexual orientation, sociodemographic patterns for prevalences of severe joint pain and physical inactivity were similar and offer potential targets for interventions designed to reduce arthritis pain.", "\n\nJoint pain is often managed with medications, which are associated with various adverse effects. ", "The 2016 National Pain Strategy advises that pain-management strategies be multifaceted and individualized and include nonpharmacologic strategies,[^††^](#FN6){ref-type=\"fn\"} and the American College of Rheumatology recommends regular physical activity as a nonpharmacologic pain reliever for arthritis.[^§§^](#FN7){ref-type=\"fn\"} Although persons with arthritis report that pain, or fear of causing or worsening it, is a substantial barrier to exercising ([@R6]), physical activity is an inexpensive intervention that can reduce pain, prevent or delay disability and limitations, and improve mental health, physical functioning, and quality of life with few adverse effects ([@R7],[@R8]).[^¶¶^](#FN8){ref-type=\"fn\"} Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends that adults, including those with arthritis, engage in the equivalent of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity per week for substantial health benefits.[\\*\\*\\*](#FN9){ref-type=\"fn\"} Adults who are unable to meet the aerobic guideline because of their condition (e.g., those with severe joint pain) should engage in regular physical activity according to their abilities and avoid physical inactivity. ", "Even small amounts of physical activity can improve physical functioning in adults with joint conditions ([@R9]). ", "Most adults with arthritis pain can safely begin walking, swimming, or cycling to increase physical activity.", "\n\nArthritis-appropriate, evidence-based, self-management programs and low-impact, group aerobic, or multicomponent physical activity programs are designed to safely increase physical activity in persons with arthritis.[^†††^](#FN10){ref-type=\"fn\"}^,^[^§§§^](#FN11){ref-type=\"fn\"} These programs are available nationwide and are especially important for those populations that might have limited access to health care, medications, and surgical interventions (e.g., those in rural areas, those with lower income, and racial/ethnic minorities). ", "Physical activity programs including low-impact aquatic exercises (e.g., Arthritis Foundation Aquatic Program) and strength training (e.g., Fit and Strong!) ", "can help increase strength and endurance. ", "Participating in self-management education programs, such as the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program, although not physical activity--focused, is also beneficial for arthritis management and results in increased physical activity. ", "Benefits of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program include increased frequency of aerobic and stretching/strengthening exercise, improved self-efficacy for arthritis pain management, and improved mood ([@R10]). ", "Adults with arthritis can also engage in routine physical activity through group aerobic exercise classes (e.g., Walk with Ease, EnhanceFitness, Arthritis Foundation Exercise Program, and Active Living Every Day).", "\n\nThe findings in this report are subject to at least three limitations. ", "First, BRFSS data are self-reported and susceptible to recall, social desirability, and related biases. ", "Second, low response rates for individual states might bias findings. ", "Finally, institutional populations are excluded from sampling, meaning prevalences of studied outcomes are likely underestimated. ", "Strengths include a measurement of joint pain and large sample size that allows analysis of detailed characteristics and subgroups.", "\n\nEffective, inexpensive physical activity and self-management education programs are available nationwide and can help adults with arthritis be safely and confidently physically active. ", "This report provides the most current state-specific and demographic data for arthritis, severe joint pain, and physical inactivity. ", "These data can extend collaborations among CDC, state health departments, and community organizations to increase access to and use of arthritis-appropriate, evidence-based interventions to help participants reduce joint pain and improve physical function and quality of life.[^¶¶¶^](#FN12){ref-type=\"fn\"}\n\n###### Summary\n\nWhat is already known about this topic?", "\n---------------------------------------\n\nApproximately one in four U.S. adults has arthritis. ", "Severe joint pain and physical inactivity are common among adults with arthritis and are linked to poor mental and physical health outcomes.", "\n\nWhat is added by this report?", "\n-----------------------------\n\nIn 2017, marked state-specific variations in prevalences of arthritis, severe joint pain, and physical inactivity were observed. ", "Physical inactivity was more prevalent among persons with severe joint pain than among those with less pain.", "\n\nWhat are the implications for public health practice?", "\n-----------------------------------------------------\n\nState-specific data support efforts to promote participation in arthritis-appropriate, evidence-based self-management education and physical activity programs, which can reduce pain, increase physical activity and function, and improve mood and quality of life.", "\n\n*Appalachia region:* all of West Virginia; parts of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Virginia (<https://www.arc.gov/appalachian_region/MapofAppalachia.asp>). *", "Lower Mississippi Valley region:* Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee (<https://www.mvd.usace.army.mil/Media/Publications/Our-Mississippi/About/Lower-Mississippi/>).", "\n\n<https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/about/index.htm>[.]{.ul}\n\n<https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/2017/pdf/2017-response-rates-table-508.pdf>.", "\n\n<http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.684.5837&rep=rep1&type=pdf>.", "\n\nEstimates were age-standardized to the 2000 projected U.S. population aged ≥18 years using three age groups: 18--44, 45--64, and ≥65 years. ", "<https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statnt/statnt20.pdf>.", "\n\n<https://iprcc.nih.gov/sites/default/files/HHSNational_Pain_Strategy_508C.pdf>.", "\n\n<http://mqic.org/pdf/2012_ACR_OA_Guidelines_FINAL.PDF>.", "\n\n<https://health.gov/paguidelines/second-edition/report/pdf/pag_advisory_committee_report.pdf>.", "\n\n<https://health.gov/paguidelines/second-edition/pdf/Physical_Activity_Guidelines_2nd_edition.pdf>.", "\n\n<https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/interventions/physical-activity.html>.", "\n\n<https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/interventions/self_manage.htm>.", "\n\n<https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/partners/index.htm>.", "\n\nAll authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. ", "No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.", "\n" ]

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[ "Halozercon\n\nHalozercon is a genus of mites in the family Halolaelapidae. ", "There are about five described species in Halozercon.", "\n\nSpecies\nThese five species belong to the genus Halozercon:\n Halozercon barguzin Marchenko, 2018\n Halozercon capitaneus Marchenko, 2019\n Halozercon karacholana Wisniewski et al., ", "1992\n Halozercon kazachok Marchenko, 2019\n Halozercon tigerek Marchenko, 2019\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Arachnids\nCategory:Articles created by Qbugbot" ]

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[ "See What Our Customers are Saying!", "\n\nBest computer repair place in town. ", "Very knowledgeable and professional. ", "Glad to have them in town!", "\n\nStacy Thomas\n\nHighly recommend. ", "The home button on my iPhone quit working. ", "I took it in and Jose found the issue (prongs behind screen were not making contact) and fixed it within two minutes. ", "He couldn’t have been nicer or more helpful. ", "Fast, friendly service.", "\n\nDavid Bertling\n\nI was thoroughly impressed with this place. ", "Really amazing prices for just a brand new screen, and I also got a free gorilla glass cover because I was a first time buyer. ", "Amazing!! ?" ]

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[ "?", "\n-1488, -15\nDetermine y so that 4*y**2 - 192*y - 7696 = 0.", "\n-26, 74\nFactor 3*g**3/5 + 8014*g**2/5 + 5365348*g/5 + 3559112.", "\n(g + 1334)**2*(3*g + 10)/5\nLet 4*r**5/9 + 280*r**4/9 + 388*r**3/9 - 52640*r**2/3 + 141376*r = 0. ", "Calculate r.\n-47, 0, 12\nLet -s**2/9 - 426808*s/9 = 0. ", "What is s?", "\n-426808, 0\nFind l such that -l**5 + 1142*l**4 - 59431*l**3 - 384074*l**2 - 786500*l - 530456 = 0.", "\n-2, 61, 1087\nFactor 3*y**3 - 162*y**2 - 3180*y - 12600.", "\n3*(y - 70)*(y + 6)*(y + 10)\nFactor -q**2/5 - 3939*q/5 + 3944.", "\n-(q - 5)*(q + 3944)/5\nFactor i**3 + 2109*i**2 - 10566*i + 8456.", "\n(i - 4)*(i - 1)*(i + 2114)\nFind c such that 58*c**3/13 + 5040*c**2/13 + 18734*c/13 - 1992/13 = 0.", "\n-83, -4, 3/29\nWhat is a in -4*a**4 + 180*a**3 + 1228*a**2 - 11796*a + 19800 = 0?", "\n-11, 3, 50\nFind n, given that -4*n**4/7 - 2048*n**3/7 + 6196*n**2/7 + 8240*n/7 = 0.", "\n-515, -1, 0, 4\nFind o such that 3*o**5 + 1185*o**4 - 13269*o**3 + 52167*o**2 - 83934*o + 43848 = 0.", "\n-406, 1, 3, 4\nDetermine u, given that -15*u**2/4 - 49173*u/4 - 29493/2 = 0.", "\n-3277, -6/5\nFactor 4*x**2 + 1560144*x + 3120272.", "\n4*(x + 2)*(x + 390034)\nSolve 3*q**4 + 23730*q**3 + 1251288*q**2 + 15908238*q - 17183259 = 0 for q.\n-7857, -27, 1\nDetermine w, given that 5*w**4 - 4375*w**3 + 123645*w**2 - 823725*w - 951750 = 0.", "\n-1, 15, 846\nDetermine m so that 4*m**2/7 + 422880*m/7 + 11176718400/7 = 0.", "\n-52860\nFactor -3*k**3 + 1029*k**2 + 13974*k - 32040.", "\n-3*(k - 356)*(k - 2)*(k + 15)\nSolve -2*b**5/11 + 960*b**4/11 - 168468*b**3/11 + 12674576*b**2/11 - 338387994*b/11 = 0.", "\n0, 63, 139\nSolve g**2 + 705702*g + 124503828201 = 0.", "\n-352851\nWhat is s in -2*s**2/9 + 1192*s/9 - 59032/3 = 0?", "\n282, 314\nSolve a**3 + 12196*a**2 + 37148989*a - 223333206 = 0 for a.\n-6101, 6\nSuppose -2*c**2 + 223856*c + 447720 = 0. ", "Calculate c.\n-2, 111930\nDetermine x so that 2*x**2/11 + 842*x/11 - 11284/11 = 0.", "\n-434, 13\nFind x, given that -2*x**2/17 + 49724*x/17 - 447354/17 = 0.", "\n9, 24853\nSuppose -3*a**5/7 - 8748*a**4/7 - 6386034*a**3/7 - 12745836*a**2/7 - 6368547*a/7 = 0. ", "Calculate a.\n-1457, -1, 0\nFactor -2*p**4 - 1148*p**3 - 150098*p**2 + 4291248*p.", "\n-2*p*(p - 24)*(p + 299)**2\nSuppose -i**2/3 - 1088*i/3 - 1805 = 0. ", "Calculate i.\n-1083, -5\nFind d such that 2*d**2/7 - 214566*d/7 - 214568/7 = 0.", "\n-1, 107284\nFind z such that -z**4/3 + 7*z**3 + 7*z**2/3 - 47*z - 42 = 0.", "\n-2, -1, 3, 21\nFind o, given that -35*o**5 - 3525*o**4 - 15930*o**3 - 8600*o**2 + 3840*o = 0.", "\n-96, -4, -1, 0, 2/7\nDetermine l, given that -l**4/3 + 52*l**3/3 - 13*l**2 - 204*l = 0.", "\n-3, 0, 4, 51\nSolve -5*p**2 - 1387110*p - 96203707605 = 0 for p.\n-138711\nSolve q**2 + 256347*q + 512690 = 0 for q.\n-256345, -2\nSolve -2698*n**4/9 - 600*n**3 - 902*n**2/3 - 4*n/9 = 0.", "\n-1, -2/1349, 0\nFind c such that -2*c**4/3 + 62*c**3 + 5798*c**2/3 - 6918*c - 21060 = 0.", "\n-27, -2, 5, 117\nFactor -16*d**4 + 95*d**3 + 21*d**2 - 90*d.", "\n-d*(d - 6)*(d + 1)*(16*d - 15)\nFind b such that -b**2/2 - 5259*b/2 = 0.", "\n-5259, 0\nFactor 2*i**4/9 + 48002*i**3/9 - 10668*i**2.", "\n2*i**2*(i - 2)*(i + 24003)/9\nLet -g**5/6 + 45*g**4/2 - 5711*g**3/6 + 26543*g**2/2 - 12342*g = 0. ", "Calculate g.\n0, 1, 33, 68\nSolve -3*x**4/7 - 1152*x**3/7 - 1146*x**2/7 + 1152*x/7 + 1149/7 = 0 for x.\n-383, -1, 1\nFactor l**5/9 - 79*l**4/9 + 26*l**3/3.", "\nl**3*(l - 78)*(l - 1)/9\nSuppose 2*g**3/11 - 4790*g**2/11 - 19186*g/11 - 14394/11 = 0. ", "Calculate g.\n-3, -1, 2399\nSolve 324*m**5 + 10048*m**4 - 68888*m**3 + 107040*m**2 + 1332*m = 0 for m.\n-37, -1/81, 0, 3\nFactor v**4/7 + 1495*v**3/7 + 565437*v**2/7 + 4989245*v/7 + 1104098.", "\n(v + 2)*(v + 7)*(v + 743)**2/7\nSolve 3*z**2 - 2649*z - 5310 = 0 for z.\n-2, 885\nFactor -3*m**2/5 + 3369*m/5 + 3384.", "\n-3*(m - 1128)*(m + 5)/5\nSolve 6*b**5 + 154*b**4 + 830*b**3 - 1674*b**2 - 1652*b + 704 = 0.", "\n-16, -11, -1, 1/3, 2\nFactor -u**4/9 + 613*u**3/9 - 610*u**2/9 - 136*u.", "\n-u*(u - 612)*(u - 2)*(u + 1)/9\nWhat is w in 2*w**3/7 - 722*w**2/7 - 3240*w + 23400/7 = 0?", "\n-30, 1, 390\nFactor -l**2 - 587*l - 586.", "\n-(l + 1)*(l + 586)\nFactor -c**4/3 - 36868*c**3/3 - 339849221*c**2/3 - 679550978*c/3.", "\n-c*(c + 2)*(c + 18433)**2/3\nFind d such that d**5/7 - 353*d**4/7 + 34627*d**3/7 - 611423*d**2/7 + 2687872*d/7 + 3334276/7 = 0.", "\n-1, 11, 166\nLet -2*b**5/5 - 294*b**4/5 + 3508*b**3/5 + 4704*b**2/5 - 55616*b/5 = 0. ", "What is b?", "\n-158, -4, 0, 4, 11\nFactor -4*t**2/9 - 980*t/9 - 41800/9.", "\n-4*(t + 55)*(t + 190)/9\nSuppose -6*f**5 - 4569*f**4 - 29517*f**3 - 54411*f**2 - 38517*f - 9060 = 0. ", "What is f?", "\n-755, -4, -1, -1/2\nFactor 3*f**5 + 1020*f**4 + 4032*f**3 - 48*f**2 - 16176*f - 16128.", "\n3*(f - 2)*(f + 2)**3*(f + 336)\nFind l, given that 5*l**4 - 275*l**3 + 2835*l**2 + 6515*l + 3400 = 0.", "\n-1, 17, 40\nFind b such that -4*b**4 - 8104*b**3 - 4088420*b**2 + 16483600*b = 0.", "\n-1015, 0, 4\nFactor m**2/5 - 2505326*m/5 + 1569164591569/5.", "\n(m - 1252663)**2/5\nFactor 2*a**3/7 + 1506*a**2 + 63198*a/7 + 94770/7.", "\n2*(a + 3)**2*(a + 5265)/7\nDetermine c so that -c**3/5 + 39*c**2/5 - 176*c/5 + 204/5 = 0.", "\n2, 3, 34\nSolve u**2/3 + 14006*u/3 + 49042009/3 = 0.", "\n-7003\nSolve -2*q**3/9 - 80522*q**2/9 - 270171440*q/3 - 90048200 = 0.", "\n-20130, -1\nFactor -4*o**3 + 780*o**2 + 16900*o + 64500.", "\n-4*(o - 215)*(o + 5)*(o + 15)\nLet -17*v**4/9 + 1121*v**3/9 + 787*v**2/3 + 1291*v/9 + 68/9 = 0. ", "Calculate v.\n-1, -1/17, 68\nSuppose -2*i**2/7 + 544*i/7 + 350208/7 = 0. ", "Calculate i.\n-304, 576\nSolve -9*t**4/4 + 2919*t**3/4 - 10499*t**2/2 + 6029*t - 1902 = 0 for t.\n2/3, 6, 317\nWhat is y in y**5/10 - 21*y**4/5 + 183*y**3/10 + 49*y**2/5 - 444*y/5 = 0?", "\n-2, 0, 3, 4, 37\nFactor -2*y**4 + 8292*y**3 - 8611226*y**2 + 34345464*y - 34312328.", "\n-2*(y - 2071)**2*(y - 2)**2\nSuppose 3*s**3 - 5523*s**2 + 377010*s = 0. ", "What is s?", "\n0, 71, 1770\nFactor -3*t**2 - 119691*t - 1794690.", "\n-3*(t + 15)*(t + 39882)\nSuppose 3*f**4 - 84*f**3 + 597*f**2 - 936*f - 1620 = 0. ", "What is f?", "\n-1, 5, 6, 18\nLet 2*x**3/15 - 4*x**2/5 - 504*x/5 + 1296 = 0. ", "What is x?", "\n-30, 18\nFactor -4*y**3 - 24792*y**2 - 39292164*y - 2702007072.", "\n-4*(y + 72)*(y + 3063)**2\nFind i such that 13404*i**3/5 - 80418*i**2/5 + 24120*i + 54/5 = 0.", "\n-1/2234, 3\nFactor z**2/5 + 5832*z/5 + 2332.", "\n(z + 2)*(z + 5830)/5\nLet -3*h**5/2 - 6618*h**4 - 26451*h**3/2 + 19851*h**2 + 26454*h - 26460 = 0. ", "What is h?", "\n-4410, -2, 1\nWhat is r in -2*r**3 - 78*r**2 + 948*r - 1568 = 0?", "\n-49, 2, 8\nFactor -2*m**3 - 104*m**2 - 718*m - 616.", "\n-2*(m + 1)*(m + 7)*(m + 44)\nFind y such that 3*y**2 + 5709*y - 215340 = 0.", "\n-1940, 37\nFactor g**2/2 + 8305*g + 68973025/2.", "\n(g + 8305)**2/2\nFind i such that i**2/4 - 24373*i/2 + 594043129/4 = 0.", "\n24373\nLet -2*a**3/13 - 222*a**2/13 + 2388*a/13 - 3872/13 = 0. ", "What is a?", "\n-121, 2, 8\nFactor -5*k**2/6 + 21170*k/3.", "\n-5*k*(k - 8468)/6\nFactor -2*d**3 + 52429*d**2 + 26216*d - 26215.", "\n-(d - 26215)*(d + 1)*(2*d - 1)\nLet -4*r**3 + 304*r**2 + 7996*r + 14744 = 0. ", "What is r?", "\n-19, -2, 97\nFactor i**2/3 - 121642*i + 364925/3.", "\n(i - 364925)*(i - 1)/3\nFind n such that -2*n**3 + 19646*n**2 - 39278*n - 58926 = 0.", "\n-1, 3, 9821\nLet 2*h**2/3 - 17810*h = 0. ", "What is h?", "\n0, 26715\nFind h, given that -38*h**5/5 - 4602*h**4/5 - 446*h**3/5 + 4602*h**2/5 + 484*h/5 = 0.", "\n-121, -1, -2/19, 0, 1\nFactor -2*a**2/17 - 29406*a/17 + 29408/17.", "\n-2*(a - 1)*(a + 14704)/17\nLet 4*q**4 - 340*q**3 - 9580*q**2 + 70900*q + 80136 = 0. ", "What is q?", "\n-27, -1, 7, 106\nSolve 14*z**3 - 49120*z**2 + 28064*z = 0.", "\n0, 4/7, 3508\nFactor -2*d**4/3 + 13218*d**3 - 65458800*d**2 - 590200344*d.", "\n-2*d*(d - 9918)**2*(d + 9)/3\nFind b, given that 3*b**2/5 - 321*b = 0.", "\n0, 535\nFactor -3*l**3 - 63369*l**2 + 63372*l.", "\n-3*l*(l - 1)*(l + 21124)\nFactor -x**3/4 - 115*x**2 - 59125*x/4 - 693375/2.", "\n-(x + 30)*(x + 215)**2/4\nSuppose 2*k**2/5 - 862568*k/5 + 93002944328/5 = 0. ", "What is k?", "\n215642\nDetermine j, given that 2*j**2/5 + 646*j/5 - 3480 = 0.", "\n-348, 25\nFind n such that -35*n**2 - 212300*n - 151625 = 0.", "\n-6065, -5/7\nFactor 2*a**3/13 - 1466*a**2/13 + 1464*a/13.", "\n2*a*(a - 732)*(a - 1)/13\nFactor 2*k**3/5 - 59672*k**2/5.", "\n2*k**2*(k - 29836)/5\nFactor -5*g**3/6 + 235*g**2/6 + 305*g + 540.", "\n-5*(g - 54)*(g + 3)*(g + 4)/6\nFactor -w**5 + 10457*w**4.", "\n-w**4*(w - 10457)\nFactor i**3/4 + 73*i**2 + 577*i/4 - 435/2.", "\n(i - 1)*(i + 3)*(i + 290)/4\nWhat is p in 5*p**5 - 135*p**4 - 925*p**3 + 19755*p**2 + 183800*p + 409500 = 0?", "\n-7, -5, 18, 26\nFactor 4*d**3 + 1856*d**2 + 100532*d - 208520.", "\n4*(d - 2)*(d + 65)*(d + 401)\nFind m such that -2*m**5 - 336*m**4 + 682*m**3 + 336*m**2 - 680*m = 0.", "\n-170, -1, 0, 1, 2\nFactor -4*b**2 - 923992*b - 53360076004.", "\n-4*(b + 115499)**2\nFac" ]

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[ "Prosecutor says the group planned a violent campaign against immigrants and political ‘opponents’.", "\n\nA trial has begun for eight German men accused of forming a neo-Nazi cell aimed at carrying out “systemic change” through a violent campaign against immigrants, German citizens with foreign ancestry, reporters and political “opponents”.", "\n\nThe men, who range in age from 21 to 32, appeared in a federal court in Dresden, the capital of Saxony state, on Monday on charges of “forming a right-wing terrorist organisation”. ", "All of them are members of the group “Revolution Chemnitz” and plotted to carry out “armed and deadly attacks”, prosecutors said.", "\n\nThe case has been described by Federal Public Prosecutor General Peter Frank as “one of the most significant proceedings in the area of right-wing terrorism”.", "\n\n{articleGUID}\n\nAuthorities believe the group’s members were trying to acquire semi-automatic weapons and draw others from across Europe to carry out a potential bloodbath last year in Berlin on October 3, Germany’s Unity Day.", "\n\nThose plans were foiled when seven of the men were arrested in coordinated raids on October 1, 2018. ", "Their alleged ringleader, 32-year-old electrician Christian Keilberg, was picked up two weeks later for attacking immigrants.", "\n\n“They wanted to change the history of the Federal Republic of Germany and bring about a transformation of the political system,” Kai Lohse, federal prosecutor, told the court.", "\n\nThe defendants belong to the hooligan, neo-Nazi and skinhead scene in and around Chemnitz, a town near the border of the Czech Republic, which was the site of anti-migrant street violence following the murder of a German man in August last year.", "\n\nThe region is considered a far-right stronghold, where resentment of Chancellor Angela Merkel‘s liberal refugee policy runs deep. ", "More than a million asylum seekers have arrived in Germany since 2015.", "\n\nSecurity agencies hope the trial, which is set to last until at least April 2020 and will include about 75 witnesses, will reveal exactly what the group had plotted and the scope of the network they operated within.", "\n\n‘Test run’\n\nThe arrested men launched an online chat group in early September 2018, shortly after the knife killing of the German citizen, prosecutors said. ", "A 24-year-old Syrian man was sentenced to nine and a half years in jail last month for that attack.", "\n\nOn September 14, five of the suspects “armed with glass bottles, weighted knuckle gloves and an electroshock appliance, attacked and hurt several foreign residents” in Chemnitz, according to prosecutors.", "\n\n“Investigations show that the assault was a test-run for an event that one of the accused planned for October 3, 2018,” the prosecutors said.", "\n\nThe men outlined the attacks in the chat on the Telegram app, which was found on the members’ mobile phones. ", "They described “exterminating” immigrants and political enemies and “hunting” foreigners in the messages, according to prosecutors.", "\n\nIn the chat, the group boasted that they wanted their actions to make the National Socialist Underground (NSU), a neo-Nazi cell uncovered in 2011 that allegedly murdered 10 people and planted three bombs, look like a “kindergarten group” in comparison.", "\n\nA lawyer for one of the defendants has called the case “politically motivated and disproportionate”." ]

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[ "Assessing the spine. ", "Doing a thorough job is the key to an appropriate immobilization decision.", "\nThe decision to apply spinal motion restriction should be based upon assessment findings. ", "Mechanism of injury is a consideration, but ultimately the decision should be made on objective physical exam findings. ", "The patient in the scenario has a significant mechanism of injury and a potentially distracting forearm fracture. ", "However, was the pain from the fracture enough to distract him from participating in the exam and giving reliable answers? ", "Did he need to be collared and boarded? ", "When in doubt, or when local protocols are ambiguous, err on the side of caution." ]

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[ "News\nWorld\n\nRepublican presidential candidate and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney is joined by vice-presidential candidate U.S. Congressman Paul Ryan at a campaign rally at the airport in Dayton, Ohio September 25, 2012. (", "REUTERS/Brian Snyder)\n\nMitt Romney's selection of Paul Ryan as his running mate has done little to attract voters to the Republican ticket and more think he is not qualified to be president than believe he is ready for the White House, a Reuters/Ipsos poll said on Monday.", "\n\nFewer than a third of registered voters, 29%, said the selection of Ryan made them feel more favorable toward Romney. ", "But with 27% in the online poll saying it made them feel less favorable, Ryan's place on the ticket may have little effect on the November 6 election.", "\n\nThe results were largely split along party lines, with 46% of Democrats saying Ryan's choice made them less favorable, compared with 8% who said the opposite. ", "And 56% of Republicans felt more favorable, versus 6%.", "\n\nBut Ryan has not swayed many political independents, the voters expected to play a decisive role in the election. ", "Eighteen percent felt more favorable and 13% less so.", "\n\n\"Overall, he doesn't really appear to be impacting the top of the ticket much,\" Ipsos pollster Julia Clark said. \"", "He's still a bit of an unknown entity.\"", "\n\nThe survey was conducted September 20-24, a time when some Republican commentators have been pressing Romney's campaign to do more to promote Ryan, who is seen as a proponent of big fiscal ideas, like a plan to overhaul the government Medicare health insurance program for retirees.", "\n\nThe Washington Post reported on Monday that some conservatives think Romney's campaign has been too cautious by avoiding Ryan's big ideas and hoping that President Barack Obama will defeat himself.", "\n\nPolls have given Obama a steady nationwide lead over Romney since the Democratic convention early this month. ", "The Reuters/Ipsos tracking poll on Monday had Obama leading by 49% to 43% for Romney among likely voters.", "\n\n\"Obama's now been healthfully in the lead since the convention. ", "If he can sustain this for another 45 days, it's done,\" Clark said.", "\n\nBIDEN BENEFITS FROM INCUMBENCY\n\nForty-four percent of registered voters think Ryan is not qualified to be president, compared with 29% who feel he would be ready to step into Romney's shoes if necessary, the survey found.", "\n\nA larger percentage thought that Joe Biden, 69, the incumbent Democratic vice president, is ready for the Oval Office. ", "Biden led 43% to 36%, thanks to huge support among Democrats.", "\n\nBut more Democrats had faith in Biden, a former Delaware senator who is well-known as the incumbent, than Republicans had in the 42-year-old Ryan, a Wisconsin congressman who is chairman of the House of Representatives Budget Committee.", "\n\nAmong Democrats, 74% said Biden was more qualified, versus 8% who chose Ryan and 18% who did not know. ", "Seventy percent of Republicans favored Ryan, compared with 13% for Biden and 18% who did not know.", "\n\nThe numbers were even among independents, with 30% each for Biden and Ryan, and 40% who did not know.", "\n\nMore registered voters have heard of Ryan than before Romney selected him, but he still falls short in national name recognition. ", "Only 56% of registered voters said they were familiar with Ryan, versus mid-August's 35%.", "\n\nTheir opinions of him are split evenly. ", "Forty-nine percent view Ryan favorably, versus 51% who don't, divided largely along party lines. ", "Among independents, 48% view him favorably and 52% don't, the poll showed.", "\n\nThe precision of the Reuters/Ipsos online polls is measured using a credibility interval. ", "In this case, the poll has a credibility interval of 3.1 percentage points for the 1,313 registered voters surveyed and 3.5 percentage points for the 1,095 likely voters." ]

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[ "Phil Robertson’s suspension from “Duck Dynasty” is over, but the controversy surrounding his, er, eclectic views on families and courtship quacks on.", "\n\nThree days after A&E network dropped his Robertson’s suspension from the top-rated reality show, new interview footage of the Robertson family patriarch has emerged, in which he advises men to marry teenage girls because at that age they are more compliant.", "\n\n“You got to marry these girls when they are about 15 or 16. ", "They’ll pick your ducks,” Robertson says in the 2009 video.", "\n\nRelax, “pick your ducks” is not a “euphemism.” ", "It literally means cleaning your game.", "\n\nHe adds, “Look, you wait till they get to be 20 years old — the only picking that’s gonna take place is your pocket.”", "\n\nHe also advises guys to make sure their prospectful brides can cook, and adds, “Make sure she carries her Bible. ", "That’ll save you a lot of trouble down the road.”", "\n\nRobertson was suspended from “Duck Dynasty” earlier this month after an earlier interview surfaced in which he criticized gays and gay marriage.", "\n\nBut after absorbing a good deal of backlash over the move, A&E returned Robertson to show on Friday. “", "Duck Dynasty” is cable TV’s top-rated reality show, drawing 13.4 million viewers per episode.", "\n\nAbby Klaassen, editor of Advertising Age, told the “CBS This Morning” that A&E had “no choice” but to bring back the show and Robertson.", "\n\n“It’s just too important a revenue generator for the network,” she said. “", "But there are a couple of things we don’t yet know and one is how advertisers are going to react come mid-January when the next season of the show premieres. ", "They could very quietly pull their support and that would change the economics equation.”" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nUsing $dx$ for $h$.\n\nIs it mathematically correct to write\n$$f'(x)=\\lim_{dx\\to0}\\frac{f(x+dx)-f(x)}{dx},$$\nrather than\n$$f'(x)=\\lim_{h\\to0}\\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}?$$\nIf not, what is the difference? ", " If so, why isn't this notation used from the beginning? ", " My feeling for the latter is that it would align the derivative more with the inverse of the indefinite integral.", "\n\nA:\n\nWe do have the notation $f'(x) = \\frac{df}{dx}$, which as you say, \"aligns the derivative more with the inverse of the integral\". ", " However, in its usual usage, the particle $dx$ is not in itself a number (see this question for more on that), so using $dx$ like that in a limit is misleading. ", "\nA better usage might be as follows:\n$$\n\\frac{df}{dx} = \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\frac{f(x + \\Delta x) - f(x)}{\\Delta x} = \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\frac{\\Delta f}{\\Delta x}\n$$\nWe could also apply this to integrals:\n$$\n\\int_a^b f(x)\\,dx = \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\sum_{k=1}^{N(\\Delta x)}\nf(x^*_k)\\,\\Delta x$$\n\n" ]

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[ "It's now or never: fertility-related knowledge, decision-making preferences, and treatment intentions in young women with breast cancer--an Australian fertility decision aid collaborative group study.", "\nFor many young women with early breast cancer, fertility is a priority. ", "Interventions to retain fertility options generally need to be accessed before chemotherapy, but many women do not receive information regarding these options in a timely fashion. ", "Knowledge about fertility and decisional conflict has not previously been measured in young patients with breast cancer considering future pregnancies. ", "One hundred eleven young women with early breast cancer who had not yet completed their families were recruited around the time of diagnosis. ", "Knowledge regarding fertility-related information, decisional conflict, and preferences regarding fertility information and decision making was measured. ", "From a potential fertility-related knowledge score of 10, the mean was 5.2 (standard deviation = 2.3; range, 0 to 10). ", "Decreased knowledge was associated with increased decisional conflict about pursuing fertility preserving interventions (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.73; P < .001). ", "Thirty-one percent of women reported that they would consider undertaking in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a method to conserve their fertility, whereas 38% were uncertain. ", "Consideration of IVF was not related to whether subjects were in a committed relationship (OR = 1.20; P = .716) or a definite desire for more children (OR = 1.54; P = .513). ", "Around diagnosis, many young patients with breast cancer have low levels of knowledge about fertility issues. ", "Further, low knowledge is associated with increased decisional conflict, which is likely to undermine the quality of decision making. ", "These findings suggest that targeted and timely fertility information may reduce decisional conflict and increase informed choice. ", "Neither relationship status nor firm plans regarding future children reliably predict desire to pursue fertility preservation." ]

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[ "When Michael Cohen told a congressional hearing on Wednesday that President Donald Trump regularly lies about the extent of his wealth, he may have hinted — intentionally or otherwise — at potential crimes committed by the president. ", "Cohen hinted at other unknown investigations into Trump being conducted by the U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York. ", "Could these be tied to his lying about his wealth?", "\n\n\"It's possible,\" Juliet Sorensen, director of the Bluhm Legal Clinic at Northwestern Law and the Harry R. Horrow Professor in International Law, told Salon. \"", "With any discussion of the criminal investigations, it is important to bear in mind how little is in the public record at this point.\" ", "Sorensen added, \"With respect to what has been charged: Both the action brought by the attorney general's office against the Trump Organization and, of course, the criminal case against Michael Cohen, we have charging documents. ", "We have a complaint case. ", "In Michael Cohen's case, we have a charging document in a criminal case. ", "But we don't have access to a full record, we don't have access to pre-trial discovery, to witness testimony.", "\n\nAdvertisement:\n\n\"It is quite possible that Trump's inflating or deflating his income as it suits him ... is related to an investigation into tax fraud either as it relates to his personal taxes or to tax issues around the Trump Organization and their nonprofit entity.\"", "\n\nCohen testified that Trump's tax returns could shed more light on potential crimes, as Bloomberg reported:\n\nFormer Trump fixer Michael Cohen attested to Trump’s shifting wealth valuations to lawmakers on Wednesday, bearing what he said were annual net-worth summaries prepared for Trump earlier this decade. ", "Trump handed the summary with high valuations to lenders and journalists, Cohen testified. ", "When it came to tax authorities, he lowballed.", "\n\nKenneth McCallion of McCallion & Associates LLP, one of the first DOJ prosecutors to work on Trump corruption cases, had a similar answer to that question.", "\n\nAdvertisement:\n\nIf these \"net worth statements or representations were made to banks that Michael Cohen mentioned, like Deutsche Bank, for the purposes of obtaining a loan,\" McCallion told Salon, \"that would constitute bank fraud and the statute of limitations would run up to 10 years for some of these transactions. ", "I think the Southern District investigation take a pretty close look at some of the ... financial transactions not only of Mr. Trump but also of the Trump Organization.", "\n\n\"Knowing how they operate,\" he continued, \"I think they may be well on their way to developing a racketeering case under the federal racketeering statute relating to the Trump Organization and some of the individuals within the Trump Organization, including President Trump.\"", "\n\nOf course, one immediate way to learn whether Trump had committed a financial crime would be to see his tax returns, although Sorensen noted that as a result of Richard Nixon's tax-related offenses in the Watergate, it is now more difficult for the public to get such information due to privacy laws. ", "Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., clearly attempted to lay the foundations for obtaining Trump's tax returns by asking Cohen if Trump had ever inflated his assets to insurance companies, deflated them in order to avoid taxes, ordered witnesses to lie about his financial status or engaged in tax fraud.", "\n\nAdvertisement:\n\n\"The American people essentially have two means of recourse at this point,\" Sorensen explained. \"", "One is the criminal process and the special counsel ... and the other is Congress and the political process.\" ", "It's unlikely that Robert Mueller will seek a criminal indictment of Trump, she continued. \"", "So with that in mind, we know what comes next: Eventually Robert Mueller wraps up his investigation and turns over a report to the attorney general.", "\n\n\"This brings me to the second option, which is the congressional route. ", "It is extremely important that Attorney General Bill Barr needs to make Mueller's report as public as is possible, and also turn it over to Congress. ", "If that doesn't happen, Congress has to start from square one with its own investigation, which it can do. ", "It has subpoena power, although it would be reinventing the wheel to some extent because Robert Mueller has done a lot of this.\"" ]

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[ "Get breaking news alerts and special reports. ", "The news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings.", "\n\nIraqi security forces attacked the city of Tikrit on Monday, mounting a full-on offensive to retake Saddam Hussein's birthplace from ISIS amid a larger push to recapture large stretches of the country's north from the militants.", "\n\nISIS militants seized Tikrit — the birthplace of late dictator Saddam Hussein — and Iraq's second-largest city of Mosul in June as part of their lightning offensive across northern Iraq.", "\n\nU.S. officials said last month that plans are afoot for a massive operation to recapture Mosul from ISIS — probably this spring — but wresting Tikrit from the militants beforehand is seen as critical given the city's strategic location.", "\n\nLet our news meet your inbox. ", "The news and stories that matters, delivered weekday mornings. ", "This site is protected by recaptcha\n\nIraq's security forces have tried repeatedly — in June, again in August — to retake Tikrit but made little headway against the militants.", "\n\nIn October, Iraqi forces backed by U.S. airstrikes surrounded ISIS fighters in Tikrit to choke off the fighters and managed to secure the road between the city and the key oil-refinery town of Baiji.", "\n\nIraqi Prime Minister Hayder al-Abadi this weekend hinted that a new offensive was imminent and offered what he called \"the last chance\" for local Sunni fighters to disavow ISIS.", "\n\n\"I call upon those who have been misled or committed a mistake to lay down arms and join their people and security forces in order to liberate their cities,\" al-Abadi told The Associated Press.", "\n\nThat drive got underway early Monday. ", "Iraqi forces advanced on Tikrit from five directions, backed by artillery and heavy aerial support, according to a senior official in the Ministry of Defense. ", "Rockets rained down on several ISIS targets in Tikrit, according to the official, who said that Iraqi forces were able to break through the first defensive line of militants in northern Tikrit.", "\n\nIraqi security forces and Shiite fighters gesture from the top of an armoured vehicle as they gather at Udhaim dam, north of Baghdad, on Sunday. ", "THAIER AL-SUDANI / Reuters\n\nThere were at least 20 brigades from Iraq's army and federal police, along with numerous armed Shiite groups offering support, according a senior security official.", "\n\nTikrit was the home city of Saddam Hussein, whose overthrow by U.S. forces in 2003 ended a long history of domination by Sunnis over what is today a Shiite majority in Iraq.", "\n\nThe presence of the Shiite militias in the latest push to retake the city has raised fears of possible revenge killings against Tikrit's largely Sunni population.", "\n\nThe Associated Press contributed to this report." ]

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[ " Case: 19-10537 Document: 00515333773 Page: 1 Date Filed: 03/05/2020\n\n\n\n\n IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS\n FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT\n United States Court of Appeals\n Fifth Circuit\n\n\n No. ", "19-10537\n FILED\n March 5, 2020\n Lyle W. Cayce\nJANA BOWERS, Clerk\n\n Plaintiff–Appellee,\n\nv.\n\nABUNDANT HOME HEALTH, L.L.C.,\n\n Defendant–Appellant.", "\n\n\n Appeal from the United States District Court\n for the Northern District of Texas\n USDC No. ", "3:16-CV-1314\n\n\nBefore DENNIS, GRAVES, and WILLETT, Circuit Judges.", "\nPER CURIAM:*\n Abundant Home Health, L.L.C. appeals the district court’s enforcement\nof a settlement agreement putatively formed between Abundant and Jana\nBowers on December 15, 2017. ", "Abundant claims it never consented to the\nsettlement agreement and asks us to reverse the district court’s judgment.", "\nBecause this appeal turns on an issue of fact—whether Abundant consented to\nthe settlement agreement—we reverse and remand to the district court for an\nevidentiary hearing.", "\n\n\n\n * Pursuant to 5TH CIR. ", "R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not\nbe published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH\nCIR. ", "R. 47.5.4.", "\n\f Case: 19-10537 Document: 00515333773 Page: 2 Date Filed: 03/05/2020\n\n\n\n No. ", "19-10537\n I\n Bowers brought claims against three defendants, including Abundant,\nfor alleged violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act. ", "Settlement negotiations\nensued, with the parties exchanging various redlines of the proposed\nagreement until they seemingly reached consensus via email. ", "Soon after,\nBowers executed the agreement (the “Original Agreement”) and her counsel\nforwarded the signed document to defendants’ counsel. ", "Two days later, on\nDecember 15, defendants’ counsel emailed back, noting that he was attaching\ndefendants’ signature pages. ", "Two documents were attached: the signature\npage to the Original Agreement, executed by Abundant’s representative; and\na separate settlement agreement, signed by all three defendants, that\ninconspicuously changed material terms of the Original Agreement. ", "When\nAbundant failed to fulfill the terms of the Original Agreement, arguing it was\ninvalid, Bowers sought enforcement from the district court. ", "The district court\ndetermined that Bowers and Abundant entered into a valid and enforceable\ncontract on December 15 and ordered that they be bound by the terms of the\nOriginal Agreement. ", "1 Abundant now appeals.", "\n\n II\n Our review of a district court’s decision to enforce a settlement\nagreement depends on whether material facts are in dispute regarding the\nagreement’s validity. ", "In re Deepwater Horizon, 786 F.3d 344, 354 (5th Cir.", "\n2015). ", "If material facts are not in dispute, a district court may summarily\nenforce a settlement agreement, and we review only for an abuse of discretion.", "\nId. If material facts are in dispute, however, we ask whether, taking the\n\n\n\n 1 The district court concluded that the Original Agreement applied only to Abundant\nand Bowers. ", "Proceedings related to the two remaining defendants are stayed pending this\nappeal.", "\n 2\n\f Case: 19-10537 Document: 00515333773 Page: 3 Date Filed: 03/05/2020\n\n\n\n No. ", "19-10537\nappellant’s factual assertions as true, the agreement is valid as a matter of\nlaw. ", "Id. If it is not, we remand to the district court for an evidentiary hearing\non the disputed issues of validity. ", "2 Id.\n III\n A\n While Bowers argues that there are no factual disputes regarding the\nOriginal Agreement’s validity, 3 Abundant claims the agreement is invalid\nbecause it “must have been” executed in error. ", "Specifically, Abundant’s counsel\nprovided an affidavit stating that he cannot explain how the Original\nAgreement came to be signed or why he transmitted the signature page to\nBowers’s counsel. ", "Because Abundant’s counsel does not recall asking\nAbundant to sign the Original Agreement, he believes that both actions must\nhave been done by mistake.", "\n In federal contract law, 4 it is axiomatic that “one who signs or accepts a\nwritten instrument will normally be bound in accordance with its written\nterms,” regardless of whether he bothered to read the document before signing\nit. ", "Am. ", "Heritage Life Ins. ", "Co. v. Lang, 321 F.3d 533, 538 (5th Cir. ", "2003)\n\n\n\n 2 In In re Deepwater Horizon, we explained that review of the validity of a settlement\nagreement is intentionally similar to summary judgment review because “[t]he stakes . . .", "\nare roughly the same—both deprive a party of his right to be heard in the litigation.” ", "786\nF.3d at 354 (quoting Tiernan v. Devoe, 923 F.2d 1024, 1031 (3d Cir. ", "1991)).", "\n 3 In the alternative, Bowers argues that the parties had an enforceable settlement\nagreement as early as November 6, 2017, and no later than November 28, because the details\nof the settlement agreement had been finalized and agreed upon by counsel; the only\nremaining step was to reduce the agreement to a formal writing. ", "Without expressing any\nviews on the validity of those agreements, we note that our jurisdiction is limited to reviewing\nthe district court’s judgment: enforcement of the Original Agreement.", "\n 4Bowers’s underlying claims concern alleged violations of the Fair Labor Standards\nAct, a federal statute. ", "Therefore—and despite Abundant’s assertion that Texas law\ncontrols—we look to federal law to determine whether the settlement agreement is\nenforceable or valid. ", "See, e.g., Fisk Elec. ", "Co. v. DQSI, L.L.C., 894 F.3d 645, 650 (5th Cir. ", "2018);\nMid-South Towing Co. v. Har-Win, Inc., 733 F.2d 386, 389 (5th Cir. ", "1984).", "\n 3\n\f Case: 19-10537 Document: 00515333773 Page: 4 Date Filed: 03/05/2020\n\n\n\n No. ", "19-10537\n(internal quotation omitted); see also Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 23\n(1981). ", "However, “ordinary contract principles require a ‘meeting of the minds’\nbetween the parties in order for agreements to be valid.” ", "Id. And if Abundant’s\nrepresentative did not knowingly and voluntarily sign the settlement\nagreement, “he may not have consented to [it] and a meeting of the minds may\nnot have existed.” ", "Id. Because such “consent . . . ", "is the essence of every valid\ncontract,” French v. Shoemaker, 81 U.S. 314, 333 (1871), and the circumstances\nsurrounding Abundant’s execution of the Original Agreement are murky (at\nbest), we remand for an evidentiary hearing on the very limited issue of\nwhether Abundant’s representative knowingly and voluntarily executed the\nOriginal Agreement.", "\n B\n It is worth noting what issues are not subject to the evidentiary hearing.", "\nAbundant argues that it is not bound by the Original Agreement because it did\nnot accept the agreement but proposed counter-offers to it. ", "For instance, the\nemail attaching Abundant’s executed signature page contained another\nattachment: a revised settlement agreement signed by all of the defendants 5\nthat—unbeknownst to Bowers—changed material terms. ", "6 The text of the\nemail also noted that Abundant had run into a problem with funding and likely\nwould not be able to perform by the January 15 deadline set forth in the\nOriginal Agreement. ", "Abundant characterizes both the revised agreement and\n\n\n\n\n 5 For the first time on appeal, Abundant argues that the Original Agreement cannot\nbe enforced against just one defendant. ", "We reject this argument as forfeited. ", "See Fuller v.\nPhillips Petro. ", "Co., 872 F.2d 655, 660 n.3 (5th Cir. ", "1989).", "\n 6 Abundant’s transmittal email merely stated, “Here are the signature pages,” without\nany reference to a revised settlement agreement; nor did the revised agreement include\nredlines or any other indications that it had been altered. ", "If this was intentional subterfuge,\nthe actions were, at best, inappropriate gamesmanship and, at worst, blatantly deceitful, and\nwe hasten to discourage attorneys and parties from employing such tactics in negotiations.", "\n 4\n\f Case: 19-10537 Document: 00515333773 Page: 5 Date Filed: 03/05/2020\n\n\n\n No. ", "19-10537\nthe email’s text as counter-offers that expressly rejected the Original\nAgreement. ", "Abundant’s characterization is incorrect. ", "There are no questions\nof fact regarding whether Abundant made a counter-offer. ", "It did not. ", "7 So this\nissue is not the subject of our limited remand. ", "8\n IV\n More information is needed to ensure that Abundant’s representative\nconsented to the terms of the Original Agreement. ", "We therefore REVERSE and\nREMAND for an evidentiary hearing consistent with this opinion.", "\n\n\n\n\n 7 Abundant in no way indicated that it was making a counter-offer, conditioning the\nagreement on Bowers signing the newly provided document, or asking Bowers to agree to\nsomething other than what was in the Original Agreement with respect to Abundant.", "\nInstead, the Original Agreement’s signature page was delivered without modification. ", "So\nregardless of the additional attachment or whether it applies to the other defendants,\nAbundant failed “[t]o transmogrify a purported acceptance into a counter[-]offer.” ", "Hoyt R.\nMatise Co. v. Zurn, 754 F.2d 560, 566 (5th Cir. ", "1985) (noting that a purported acceptance\nonly becomes a counter-offer if the acceptance materially differs from the offer). ", "And the text\nof the email regarding the payment deadline did not condition Abundant’s acceptance of the\nOriginal Agreement upon Bowers acquiescing to modified terms. ", "Rather, it was a sharing of\ninformation about a potential roadblock to Abundant’s fulfillment of its contractual\nobligations. ", "Therefore, the text of the email did not amount to a counter-offer either. ", "See\nRestatement (Second) of Contracts § 61 (1981) (“An acceptance which requests a change or\naddition to the terms of the offer is not thereby invalidated unless the acceptance is made to\ndepend on an assent to the changed or added terms.”).", "\n 8 Whether Abundant’s email was a legally effective counteroffer is distinct from the\nfactual question of whether Abundant intended the email to be a counteroffer. ", "We express no\nopinion on the latter matter, which is closely intertwined with the question of whether\nAbundant consented to the original settlement agreement.", "\n 5\n\f" ]

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[ "import { isWindows, OneOrMore, escape } from \"./util.ts\";\nimport { log } from \"./logger.ts\";\nimport {\n EnvironmentVariables,\n} from \"./scripts_config.ts\";\nimport {\n ParallelCommands,\n Command,\n isParallel,\n CompoundCommandItem,\n} from \"./command.ts\";\nimport { buildCommandString } from \"./build_command_string.ts\";\n\nconst runningProcesses: Set<Deno.", "Process> = new Set();\n\nexport async function runCommands(\n commands: CompoundCommandItem[],\n shell: string,\n additionalArgs: string[],\n cwd: string,\n): Promise<void> {\n const _runCommands = async (\n commands: OneOrMore<CompoundCommandItem>,\n ): Promise<unknown> => {\n if (!", "commands) return;\n if (Array.isArray(commands)) {\n for (let command of commands) {\n await _runCommands(command);\n }\n } else {\n if (isParallel(commands)) {\n return Promise.all(commands.pll.map((c) => _runCommands(c)));\n }\n return runCommand(commands, shell, additionalArgs, cwd);\n }\n };\n try {\n await _runCommands(commands as Array<Command | ParallelCommands>);\n } catch (e) {\n runningProcesses.forEach((p) => p.close());\n throw e;\n }\n}\n\nasync function runCommand(\n command: Command,\n shell: string,\n additionalArgs: string[],\n cwd: string,\n): Promise<void> {\n const cmd = buildCommandString(command);\n let runOptions: Deno.", "RunOptions = {\n cmd: [shell, ...buildShellArgs(shell, cmd, additionalArgs)],\n cwd,\n };\n if (command.env && Object.entries(command.env).length > 0) {\n runOptions.env = stringifyEnv(command.env);\n }\n log.info(\n `Running > ${cmd}${\n additionalArgs && additionalArgs.length > 0\n ? ", "` -- ${additionalArgs.join(\" \")}`\n : \"\"\n }`,\n );\n const process = Deno.run(runOptions);\n runningProcesses.add(process);\n const status = await process.status();\n process.close();\n runningProcesses.delete(process);\n if (status.code !", "== 0) {\n throw new Error(`Command returned error code ${status.code}`);\n }\n}\n\nfunction stringifyEnv(env: EnvironmentVariables): EnvironmentVariables {\n for (let key in env) {\n if (key in env) {\n env[key] = String(env[key]);\n }\n }\n return env;\n}\n\nfunction buildShellArgs(\n shell: string,\n command: string,\n additionalArgs: string[],\n): string[] {\n const fullCmd = additionalArgs.length < 1\n ? ", "command\n : `${command} ${\n additionalArgs.map((a) => `\"${escape(a, '\"')}\"`).join(\" \")\n }`;\n if (isWindows && /^(?:.*\\\\)?cmd(?:\\.exe)?$/i.test(shell)) {\n return [\"/d\", \"/s\", \"/c\", fullCmd];\n }\n return [\"-c\", fullCmd];\n}\n" ]

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[ "Genome wide cloning of maize meiotic recombinase Dmc1 and its functional structure through molecular phylogeny.", "\nThe development of meiotic division and associated genetic recombination paved the way for evolutionary changes. ", "However, the secondary and tertiary structure and functional domains of many of the proteins involved in genetic recombination have not been studied in detail. ", "We used the human Dmc1 gene product along with secondary and tertiary domain structures of Escherichia coli RecA protein to help determine the molecular structure and function of maize Dmc1, which is required for synaptonemal complex formation and cell cycle progression. ", "The maize recombinase Dmc1 gene was cloned and characterized, using rice Dmc1 cDNA as an orthologue. ", "The deduced amino acid sequence was used for elaborating its 3-D structure, and functional analysis was made with the CDD software, showing significant identity of the Dmc1 gene product in Zea mays with that of Homo sapiens. ", "Based on these results, the domains and motives of WalkerA and WalkerB as ATP binding sites, a multimer site (BRC) interface, the putative ssDNA binding L1 and L2 loops, the putative dsDNA binding helix-hairpin-helix, a polymerization motif, the subunit rotation motif, and a small N-terminal domain were proposed for maize recombinase Dmc1." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Reefs on Sumatra, Indonesia, on May 31, 2010 show the effects of bleaching.", "\n\nCoral reefs are dying around the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia at rates that may be the worst ever recorded, scientists said this week.", "\n\nDeath rates as high as 80 percent have been recorded for some species, according to the study performed by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and James Cook University.", "\n\n“It is certainly the worst coral die-off we have seen since 1998. ", "It may prove to be the worst such event known to science,” said Andrew Baird, a principal research fellow for James Cook University in Australia.", "\n\nThe coral bleaching extends from the Seychelles in the middle of the Indian Ocean to the Philippines in Southeast Asia and encompasses much of the Coral Triangle, an area scientists refer to as the “Amazon rainforest of the seas” or the most diverse marine ecosystem on Earth.", "\n\nA mass of abnormally hot water which moved into the Indian Ocean several months ago is behind the bleaching, according to the ARC report. ", "The hot water caused the corals to shed microscopic algae which help nourish them. ", "The algae also give color to the corals, so when the algae are gone, the corals starve and appear white or bleached.", "\n\nDive operators reported water temperatures were 4 degrees Centigrade higher than average during the die-off, according to the ARC report.", "\n\nThe scientists said coral coverage in the affected areas could drop from 50 percent to 10 percent, hurting fishing and tourist industries over the long term as dead reefs support less marine life than live ones. ", "And with that loss of diversity, they attract fewer fishermen and fewer divers.", "\n\n“While it may take up to two years for some fish species to be affected by the loss of coral habitat, fisheries yields will decline and this combined with a drop in the number of scuba divers visiting could have major long-term effects on the local economy,” Baird said in a statement.", "\n\nBaird blamed “human-induced global warming” for the decline of the corals and said action must be taken to reduce carbon emissions that help retain heat in the atmosphere.", "\n\n“This is not just about warmer temperatures: it is also threatening the livelihoods of tens of millions of people and potentially the stability of our region,” Baird said in a statement.", "\n\nsoundoff(190 Responses)\n\nRyan\n\nIt's true that the climate of the earth has been constantly changing for millions of years. ", "But its also true that 2000 years ago there were around 300 million humans, now that number has exceeded +7 billion, in the end we are all competing for the limited amount of resources the earth provides. ", "The news of coral reefs, seafood prices and environmental issues, just shows how much our existence stresses the Earth. ", "Investment in space programs would be choice, seeing how crowded the earth has become.", "\n\nOtherwise, we would have to fight against each other for resources... WW1 and WW2 were wars over diplomatic ideals, future wars will be over food, land, and water. ", "Back to lifestyle of primitive man...\n\nWhat ever the arguments are about global warming, one thing is undeniable... we are taking too much of earth's resources and polluting too much. ", "Even if global warming does not happen, we are on a path to destruction with the way we consume. ", "If you have ever lived in a pristine environment and see it vanish, you'll know what I mean. ", "Even if global warming is halted, who wants to breath polluted air, eat mercury laced fish, see whole forests destroyed along with its animals?", "\n\nWe live in a circle of life, what we do affects everything on this planet. ", "If you ever told your parents that taking science and history in school is useless because you were going to become an accountant... well knowing those subjects may save our lives. ", "Even a high school education will give you a basic understanding of cause and effect in nature. ", "When you go to the voting both to elect a candidate to office and know nothing about his stance on the environment and its effects... mind as well not vote at all. ", "A democracy only works if we have educated voters, just as communism would've worked if everyone is honest. ", "If you goofed off during science classes or are too lazy to read up about the issues, then trust the people that we pay to understand such matters. ", "If you don't trust the internet, then there is a place called a library that contain far more accurate information... if you care to let your feet do the walking and not your fingers. ", "Would you be willing to take science courses to understand the science so you can vote knowledgeably?", "\n\nIt is hard for most us to delve into such matters when we have so much obligations in work, family, friends, leisure... but if you take just a few hours and read about what is going on with our environment... you'll be shell shocked and want to go into denial. ", "It is sad that no one seams to realize that the only way to save our floundering economy is by going green... it'll take a major upheaval in our economy but what choices do we have? ", "For what we have spent on the two wars, we could've placed solar panels on every roof in America... if we have done it decades ago, we wouldn't have to support dictatorial governments in the middle east for their cheap oil... which is the root of all our terrorist problems.", "\n\nFor the lack of a better phrase: \"Wake up and smell the coffee\" America. ", "We are the most reactionary society in world, we only react when the situation gets to be very dire... let's hope we don't act too late to save ourselves from us.", "\n\nClimate change is happening. ", "Those who deny it are almost beyond reason, as they bought the Petroleum / coal / Political propaganda lock ,stock and barrel. ", "Go observe. ", "Draw your own conclusions. ", "I seriously doubt the naysayers have the courage to face the fact that life as we know it is changing, and it will be very painful and expensive to try to adapt to on the fly.", "\n\n@ all deniers\nafter diving for more then 20 years thru indian ocean & pacific one can SEE by himself the big changes that are occuring in the marine system.. As european its difficult for me to read so many brainless comments to a disaster which is REALLY going on!", "\n\nI've been diving for over 35 years and now live in South Florida and still dive, unfortunately I can confirm what FunRec says. ", "Whether you accept anthropogenic climate change as the cause, the reality is TSHTF all over the world's coral reefs! ", "I've seen the devastation with my own eyes and didn't get paid a cent to report it! ", "Go see it for yourselves you blooming idiots who insist it isn't happening!", "\n\nDeniers are pathetically ignorant fools who don't understand basic chemistry and physics or they are pathologically delusional ideologues. ", "Probably both.", "\n\nDon't worry. ", "After humans kill themeselves off from overpopulating, the Earth will return to normal conditions within 10,000 years. ", "On a geological timeline, that's the equivalent to a blink of the eye. ", "The Earth itself is amazingly resilient and able to reverse virtually any damage humans could cause. ", "Our species should be more concerned about it's own existance in the long term or it will perish.", "\n\nI understand coral reefs cover approximately one-tenth of 1 percent of the ocean's sea floor. ", "Many areas along the ocean shores have no coral at all and there are many species that live there. ", "However, there are cold-water corals, shallow water tropical corals and deep sea corals. ", "The cold water corals are getting weaker and warm water corals are getter bleached. ", "How is the ocean increasing in acid? ", "Apparently increasing CO2 levels initiates that. ", "I thought there are ocean plants who breathe in CO2 and give out oxygen, and plants on the land doing the same.", "\n\nAbout This Blog\n\nThis blog – This Just In – will no longer be updated. ", "Looking for the freshest news from CNN? ", "Go to our ever-popular CNN.com homepage on your desktop or your mobile device, and join the party at @cnnbrk, the world's most-followed account for news." ]

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[ "This is what it is like being a Gnostic talking to a person of ‘faith’ or a person who follows a religion; including Buddhism, which is really more a way of life, rather than worshiping a single god.", "So let me use this analogy: A university professor visits a family with a 4 year old child. ", "On arrival, the precocious child asks the professor what he does. ", "He says he knows a lot of things and teaches people what he knows. ", "The child tells him that she/he knows more than he, as she/he can count to one hundred. ", "The university professor gives a little chuckle and says to the child “Well I can count a lot further than that and I know a lot about a lot of things.” ", "Then the professor says, “Do you like playing many outdoor games?” ", "The child is clever for her/his age, but lacks logic, reasoning and substance.", "\n\nIf you can imaging trying to explain something logical to a drunk. ", "What seems crystal clear to you, will appear unfathomable to the drunk and no matter how much logic you apply, she/he will not comprehend. ", "So if you are a Gnostic and hold a conversation with a Bible basher, or a Muslim, or a Jew or any follower of any religion, it’s the same ratio of spiritual knowledge. ", "The religious person is either the equivalent of the drunk or the 4 year old. ", "Whilst the person may be intelligent and even knowledgeable, they lack spiritual awareness and genuine logic. ", "Their belief systems makes them believe that what they are saying/thinking is logic, but it’s pseudo logic.", "It is logic by a false appearance. ", "When a person has been indoctrinated, logic appears in forms that are not truth. ", "To the lesser spiritually evolved this logic is truth, or ‘their’ truth, to be precise. ", "But they are submersed in ignorance and spiritually impoverished.", "\n\nPlease take a look at the Christian Bishops. ", "All that pomp and ceremony; the placing of themselves on a pedestal that they believe they cannot fall from. ", "The greed for wealth and power, this alone is a broken Commandment. ", "Let’s talk about the 10 Commandments of the Christian Bible. ", "Christians of ‘faith’ are breaking them all the time. ", "If you are going to bother with a religion and say that you have ‘faith’, firstly you must know what you have faith in and secondly you must adhere to something like the 10 Commandments, religiously (tongue in cheek). ", "What is the point of going to church, saying prayers or reading the Bible if you are going to break all the laws. ", "It is a kin to a policeman selling drugs he has confiscated from a citizen he has busted. ", "Yet Christians think this is acceptable. ", "It is NOT. ", "If you are going to bother following any religion at least follow it to the letter. ", "That means there can be NO Christians in the military, Thou Shalt Not Kill, no Christians Bishops or Popes, that is greed, and narcissism. ", "No paedophile priests: that is none, zero. ", "There can be NO confessional. ", "You must not do the wrong doing in the first place and a priest does NOT have any power vested in him to absolve you of your sins. ", "You WILL pay for them at some point, maybe in the next life or the one after. ", "If you contradict me in your mind on reincarnation, you are spiritually ignorant and a 4 year old in spiritual awareness: a young soul who knows next to nothing and cannot use logic to the extent of truth.", "\n\nAnyone who follows Sharia Law is spiritually impoverished. ", "Not only do they disobey the Quran, but they are imposing the most dreadful karma upon themselves by the way they treat other human beings. ", "Not only the treatment of women, but the treatment of what they call‘the Infidels’.", "What person in(what is sometimes referred to as their ‘right’ mind), meaning logical/rational mind would think that Allah their god would approve of their behaviour? ", "If you were a logical and rational person, you would know that it is socially unacceptable to kill a person for any reason other than self-defence. ", "This is permitted and is a known Gnostic fact.", "\n\nThere have been several high profile killings by Christians and Muslims alike that have been against their religious teachings, but they blatantly went ahead anyway, and the people of ‘faith’ went along with it. ", "This is truly bizarre.", "\n\nIf every country was run by a Gnostic female, jails replaced with re-programming (at a cellular level) boarding schools, there would be worldwide peace. ", "Not saying there wouldn’t be the odd skirmish here and there, but nothing like on the scale we are experiencing now. ", "There is conflict all over the planet and 99% is instigated by men.", "\n\nReligions that worship a single god do not worship or even know about the Great Creator God of all that is. ", "The god of the Christian Faith is not the same God as the Great Creator God. ", "A 4 year old mentality cannot comprehend this. ", "If you look at the Hindu religion, you will find that they worship hundreds of gods, for different reason. ", "There is the god/goddess of this and that and the other. ", "They understand that there is a higher source that overrides all lesser gods; but THAT God is unknowable and all the gods they have named such as Vishnu, Shiva and Tara are gods that can be communicated with and their worship hopefully appreciated. ", "As a Gnostic, when I say God I do not mean god or Jehovah, Allah, Buddha or Yahweh.", "An atheist is closer to truth than anyone of religious faith. ", "An Atheist does not worship any god, and neither is there any spiritual need to. ", "However I am NOT Atheist I am Gnostic, understanding as does an Atheist that worship of a god and even God is unnecessary and useless. ", "Prayer is not useless depending on how you pray, what you pray about/for and how you direct your prayer out into the ethers.", "\n\nMen have ruled for far too long. ", "Men have made a complete mess of themselves and the planet. ", "They haven’t a clue how to govern and all they know is how to make money, invent, and declare war on nations they don’t like. ", "Rape, pillage and steal whole countries and commit genocide in them. ", "They invent bombs and WMD and then drop them on whoever they choose, without a thought of human suffering or spiritual consequence. ", "They rape the ground and its inhabitants. ", "I say men have done this; I am not referring to all men.", "\n\nWhat media reported on the destruction of land and environment, climate change and pollution that Shock and Awe had on the planet? ", "What right did America have to invade Iraq and then call the people who fought back, insurgents? ", "Dictionary definition: noun, rebellion, uprising or riot. ", "The so called insurgents were surely rising up against the invader. ", "And what precisely would America do if it was invaded along the same lines? ", "I need not give you an answer as you already know it.", "You see the US can have nuclear weapons, and WMD. ", "Yes, of course, we are American, we can have them. ", "We are superior. ", "We are a Super Power. ", "But that is not logic, nor is it rational if you are not American. ", "If it is wrong to have nuclear weapons, then it is wrong period. ", "You can’t say, “I can have it, but you can’t.” ", "3 year olds squabbling over a toy may get away with that kind of behaviour. ", "To be a Leader of a Nation and behave like that is a grossly immature style of governance.", "\n\nBecause the majority of people on the planet are only at a very average level of spiritual evolution, they are afflicted with the same level of immaturity and accept what governments decide to do and without a plebiscite.", "A fault of a Democracy is that voting should not be compulsory and also one person, one vote. ", "However this is only a quarter step forward/closer to good governance. ", "It does at least ensure that those who are passionate about the candidate they like and honour will get their vote.", "This leaves the politically ignorant free to go to the footy on voting day and not get fined or feel guilty. ", "It is quite demoralising to know that in your electorate your vote did not count.", "\n\nThere is no logical reason why we here in Australia, must follow the Westminster System of Law and Governance. ", "The system is very flawed. ", "In my Gnostic opinion it is an atrocity. ", "When someone commits a heinous crime, we say that it is an atrocity. ", "The Australian judicial system is the same, on same level. ", "A system that can put an innocent person in jail for the rest of their life or 25 years, is an atrocity. ", "Their life is now fucked. ", "Tsk, tsk, tsk. ", "Ok well it wasn’t lucked was it? ", "Very bad luck. ", "There is a karmic component here, however the system is creating more bad karma and it is a never ending story until CHANGE occurs.", "\n\nAnd BTW, anyone who is shocked at my language, you would be better off being shocked at the way you think and your belief system. ", "Not the arrangement of 4 letters. ", "There is nothing in the word itself, only the way you use it. ", "I never use it abusively. ", "And God isn’t looking ‘down’ on me frowning.", "\n\nThe World had better wake up to the fact that we are on the brink of no return. ", "Once the entire planet has been fracced, we are fucked. ", "Definitely not lucked. ", "Opposite of lucked is fucked. ", "I have it on firsthand information from someone in the CSG industry, that the water table in parts of Australia is already polluted beyond repair. ", "Not common knowledge. ", "More destruction by men. ", "This is the big one folks. ", "Once we lose our water table we lose big time. ", "Fraccing is occurring all over the world. ", "It will mean life not as we knew it is a distinct possibility. ", "With the prediction of no agriculture in the next decade, many people will die of starvation. ", "The people who will survive will probably be all the Gnostics, because we have done a certain 31 Day Program and can live without food or water, living on air/prana alone. ", "I have done this program. ", "I am a Breatharian.", "\n\nIn conclusion, There are other planets and stars that have human like life, some less evolved than this one and some more spiritually evolved. ", "My aim would be to reincarnate to another planet that has only highly evolved souls. ", "No crime. ", "No drugs and no drinking to excess and females in positions of leadership. ", "Bliss.", "\n\nIntriguing stuff! ", "The doctrine of salvation by knowledge, or gnosticism, is undoubtedly as old as Socrates' famous dictum “knowledge is virtue,” and probably even older going all the way back to the Babylonian mysteries. ", "But then there is another contradictory dictum that has been making its rounds for some 2000 years or so within a Church which is just as old, that of Paul who says that “I know the good but I find myself doing evil.” ", "Obviously there is a philosophical conundrum here having partly to do with what value we assign to mind and soul and body and whether or not our destiny is to become angels or pure spirit, and how they relate to each other, which is to say that at the very least there is another side to this coin, the side of orthodoxy and religion per se which also needs to be explored at the risk of throwing the baby out with the dirty water. ", "It was none other than Jung who proclaimed that man is religious by nature and when he throws religion and faith out the window it will return promptly as a cult or a fanatical ideology.", "\n\nIn my opinion the best author to deal with this thorny issue of the dichotomy body and soul is G.K. Chesterton in his books Orthodoxy (especially in chapter 6 “The Paradox of Christianity, and chapter 8 “The Romance of Orthodoxy”) and The Everlasting Man. ", "Those books are an intellectual quest by a spiritually curious person looking for an explanation to the mysteries of human existence based on the synthesis, or the paradox if you will, of both intuitive knowledge and on universal reason. ", "I submit that the curious reader ought to familiarize her/himself with this other side of the issue and explore it thoroughly and then decide which is the most reasonable explanation and makes more sense.", "\n\nIn any case, not to reinvent the wheel here, let me refer the curious reader back to two of the most recent contributions on this issue I submitted to Ovi in August and September. ", "One is titled “Substituting Spirituality and Sacred for Religion and Theism,” and the other is titled “The New Age Movement and the Sacred: A Universal Religion, or a mere Reinvention of the Wheel?”", "\n\nLeah Sellers\n\n2012-12-05 04:38:34\n\nMs. Eleana,\nThank you for the Chuckle !", "\nAnd you are right about the destructive Ripple Effect (Tectonic Plate Shifting, and ground and water poisonings) that will be brought about by fracking. ", "Senseless ! ", "We are destroying the Heaven that is the beautiful blue-green gemstone - Earth.", "\nAs for God/god/Goddess/goddess, when you (We All) look into the Mirror of Our Souls, Minds and Hearts, they are All there staring right back us, Chuckling.", "\n\nMurray Hunter\n\n2012-12-05 06:46:07\n\nThanks, love the way you put things bluntly. ", "Im a male and now thinking whether Im lucked or fucked. ", "Gordon Gekko of Wall Street would certainly agree with you on that point. ", "The question is does the planet you want to reincarnate to exist? ", "As Fox Mulder would say \"I want to believe\", we all want to believe.", "\n\nEleana Winter-Irving\n\n2012-12-07 04:33:24\n\nHa ha ha ha ha, I love blogging.", "\n\nSuch a planet does exist, in fact there are numerous planets suitable for human life, especially those that don't need food or water." ]

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[ "The use of large tonnage thermoforming frames and drive mechanisms is known where pneumatic pressure is being applied to a heated sheet of thermoformable material during an article forming operation. ", "Where large arrays of articles are provided on die plates on a platen, the surface area subject to pneumatic pressure and/or vacuum generates very large loads on the kinematic drive linkages and frame of a thermoforming machine. ", "Improvements are needed in order to enable forming using very large loads without requiring further increases in the size and strength of traditional frames and linkages of a thermoforming machine, particularly when forming newer plastic sheet materials and/or article geometries that require greater forming pressures and loads." ]

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[ "Maciej Nowicki (architect)\n\nMatthew Nowicki (in Poland known as Maciej Nowicki) (26 June 1910 – 1 September 1950) was a Polish architect. ", "He was chief architect of the new Indian city of Chandigarh.", "\n\nCareer\nNowicki was born in Chita in Siberia. ", " After the Second World War he received a commission to work on plans for the reconstruction of Poland's capital city, Warsaw. ", "In December 1945 he was posted to New York City as an official delegate of the Polish state, to advertise the rebuilding of Poland.", "\n\nNowicki was the architect of the J.S. Dorton Arena in Raleigh built in 1952 after his death. ", "He was a member of the 'Workshop of Peace' team working on the United Nations Headquarters. ", "He was a chair of the Faculty of Architecture at North Carolina State University.", "\n\nHis wife, Stanislawa Nowicki, was also an architect who taught from 1951 to 1977 at the University of Pennsylvania.", "\n\nDeath\nNowicki died around midnight on 31 August/1 September 1950, in the crash of Trans World Airlines Flight 903 near Wadi Natrun in the Western Desert of Egypt. ", "He had been returning from India where he was chief architect designing the new city of Chandigarh.", "\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links\n\n\"Maciej Nowicki: A Tribute to a Neglected Genius\"\nJ.S. Dorton Arena\nGasthouse \"Hetman\", designed by Maciej Nowicki, Stanisława Nowicka and W. Stokowski\n of Congress''\nWeb Poster Exhibition - Polish Art Deco posters in Lviv\nNowicki 100th anniversary conference\nMaciej Nowicki; humanista, wizjoner i architekt, p. 70-74\n\nCategory:1910 births\nCategory:1950 deaths\nCategory:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Egypt\nCategory:20th-century Polish architects\nCategory:North Carolina State University faculty\nCategory:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1950" ]

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[ "To date, particularly when an available “soft” elastomer is to be directly overmolded onto a shaped article of nylon, as typically done when insert-molding an OM layer onto the article, the composition of the elastomer must be tailored to the particular nylon substrate, depending upon the molecular structure of the nylon. ", "For example, when the nylon is ULTRAMID 1703-2, a 25% glass reinforced 6,6-nylon, it is necessary to formulate a specific combination of components for an OM elastomer layer which will adhere acceptably and serve the desired function on this particular nylon; when the substrate is ULTRAMID A3WG6 BK00564, also a 6,6-nylon, but a different molecular weight and with 30% glass fiber, it is necessary to formulate a different combination of components for an OM elastomer layer which will adhere acceptably and serve the same purpose. ", "The differences in formulation are magnified when the differences in the nylons is greater.", "\nAs used herein, the term “nylon” is a generic term for any long-chain synthetic polymeric amide which has recurring amide groups as an integral part of the main polymer chain. ", "To date, before the invention disclosed herein, since it is not easy to determine the Mw and particular repeating unit from which commercial nylon a shaped article was thermoformed or otherwise crafted, the process by which one arrived at a suitable self-adherent, “good-feel” OM TPE composition was by extensive trial and error.", "\nMoreover, even when one skilled in the art conventionally formulated a OM TPE for nylon, using a “SHDS” rubber such as Kraton FG1901 with a functionality in the range from about 1.5-2%, (“SHDS” is used for brevity, to denote an at least partially hydrogenated “styrene-hydrogenated diene-styrene” which is preferably fully hydrogenated) the OM layer failed to bond satisfactorily even at high molding temperatures, particularly for insert molding, for the nylon substrates used herein. ", "The acronym “SDS” (for styrene-diene-styrene) refers to a linear polystyrene-conjugated diene (“polydiene”)-polystyrene block copolymer, polydiene typically referring to polybutadiene and/or polyisoprene in the midblock, but the acronym broadly refers to a SDS derived from a monovinyl aromatic and a conjugated diene which monomers may be mixed with other structurally related co-monomers, e.g., styrene as main aromatic component and a minor amount of α-methylstyrene.", "\nThe polydiene midblock, typically of butadiene or isoprene, gives the polymer its rubbery properties, while the polystyrene or poly(α-methylstyrene) blocks constitute the thermoplastic phase. ", "Because the polydiene block contains double bonds (aliphatic unsaturations) which are oxidation sensitive, the TPE preferably uses hydrogenated butadiene or isoprene units, or both, so that if the TPE is an SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene) block copolymer prior to hydrogenation, the resulting hydrogenated (styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene) block copolymer typically has less than 5% unsaturation, preferably less than 2%. ", "Analogously, if the TPE is an SIBS (styrene-isoprene/butadiene-styrene) block copolymer prior to hydrogenation, the resulting hydrogenated TPE is a SEEPS (styrene-ethylene/ethylene/propylene-styrene) block copolymer. ", "The foregoing SHDS include “high vinyl” SHDS which are substantially fully hydrogenated. ", "By “high vinyl” is meant that at least 51 mole % (percent) of the butadiene midblock is polymerized at the 1,2-position, and at least 51 mole % of the isoprene, if present, is polymerized at the 3,4-position by “driving” the polymerization with addition of a polar compound, as is well known in the art; typically the maximum in each case is 90 mole %. ", "Such HSBCs are referred to as “high vinyl” HSBCs whether either butadiene or isoprene, or both, are present in the midblock.", "\nThere is a particular need for an OM TPE which will adhere and remain tightly adhered to a surface of a solid, predominantly nylon shaped article, irrespective of the type of polyamide from which the nylon is derived, or the additives packaged with the nylon, or the process conditions of its molding, or its aging history, and irrespective of whether the OM layer is molded by “injection overmolding” also referred to as “insert molding”; or, by “two-shot injection molding”; or, coextrusion with a nylon substrate; or, by multilayer blowmolding over a nylon substrate.", "\nAmong the more commercially relevant thermoplastic elastomers are those based on physical blends of polyolefins and rubbers, and particularly, blends of TPEs in which blends a polyamide was used to develop the bond required to securely fix the OM layer to the substrate.", "\nFor example, in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,750,268 to Mace et al, a blend they made for an OM layer, required from 5 to 50% by weight (“by wt”) of a “polar engineering thermoplast”, referring to PA6, a 6,6-nylon.", "\nConsistent with the belief that the polyamide was an essential component of a OM layer, U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,843,577 to Ouhadi et al. ", "discloses a blend of a Santoprene® rubber, and the reaction product of a functionalized polyolefin with a polyamide, relying on the presence of the polyamide structure in the composition, to generate a strong bond when the molten blend comes into molding contact with a nylon substrate.", "\nIn contrast to the foregoing, the OM layer disclosed herein particularly relates to a TPE comprising a polyamide-free blend of block copolymers uniquely adapted to be overmolded on, and tightly adhered to any solid predominantly polyamide (“nylon”) surface irrespective of the particular amide repeating unit of the nylon. ", "The blend is particularly adapted for use in insert molding where a substrate to be over-molded is introduced at about ambient temperature at which adhesion to the surface is far more difficult than in two-shot molding where the substrate is barely solidified. ", "The novel polyamide-free blend may be tailored to provide an OM layer at either low, average or hot temperature profiles in the barrel of an extruder or injection molding machine. ", "It is found that the novel TPE elastomer is effective to bond to a large variety of polar substrates without the use of an adhesive between the substrate and the OM composition forming a layer.", "\nIn the recent past, wood or metal handles on a variety of hand tools such as screwdrivers, handles for power tools such as circular handsaws, and portions of containers in which tools are housed, have all been replaced with injection-molded nylon handles. ", "The type of nylon varies from one tool to another for a variety of reasons, one of which is to accommodate the particular rigid core element to be sheathed in the nylon. ", "Some nylons are molded over a steel shaft, as in a screwdriver or butcher's knife; some nylons are molded over a metal door handle or latch handle; some handles are made from glass fiber reinforced nylons, by injection molding. ", "To date, irrespective of the particular nylon gripping means, all have the drawback of being “hard” on a person's hand, that is, they provide no cushioning whatsoever against impact or vibration. ", "Such nylon gripping means are no more “user-friendly” than wood, and far less user-friendly than metal.", "\nOne approach to “soften” a handle is to cover the handle with a soft, thin, flexible cover of a foamed synthetic resinous material. ", "Another is to overmold a soft elastomer onto the nylon, using an insert-molding procedure, such as is now commercially done with the OM6000+ series of overmolding compositions provided by GLS Corporation. ", "Prior art OM layers used a “higher functional” SHDS rubber without regard to the effect of morphological characteristics of the rubber, specifically its ability to “wet” the nylon substrate at temperatures of about 540° F. or lower, typically 360° F.-500° F.\nThe received wisdom is that the higher the functionality of the SHDS, the higher the statistical chance of having functional groups react with the nylon substrate. ", "However, such “higher functional” SHDS rubbers, that is, having a functionality appreciably greater than 1%, e.g. typically 2% or more, do not adequately “wet” the substrate even if the substrate is heated by contact with the OM layer, because amide groups in the substrate are not heat-activated sufficiently to react with the functional groups on the rubber.", "\nQuite unexpectedly, judging from the higher bonding (peel) strengths, better wetting is obtained with a hot OM composition containing a “lower functional” SHDS having a functionality of from 1% but less than 2%, when the amide groups are similarly heated.", "\nFor convenience and brevity, and also to avoid the non-specific nature of the term “lower”, a SHDS having essentially 1% functionality is referred to hereinafter as “unifunctional”; and a SHDS having from >1% but <2% functionality is referred to hereinafter as “higher functional” since functionality of 2% and higher is ineffective for the purpose at hand.", "\nGood bonding with unifunctional and higher functional SHDS contradicted the prior belief, namely, that the higher the functionality of the rubber, the better the chances of reactions between the amide groups on the substrate and the functional groups in the rubber. ", "That belief ignored the effect that the structure and morphology of the heated functionalized rubber will have on the nylon; it also ignored the requirement of “small end blocks” or “high rubber” SHDS (the terms are used synonymously) to provide the “right” structure of polymer chains organized in a morphology that allows the functional groups on the rubber to be contiguous to the amide groups, in the first place, so they can react at the surface more easily.", "\nThe foregoing considerations and numerous relevant prior art references which routinely teach addition of mineral fillers in SHDS compositions, also failed to recognize that presence of an inert filler might be critical to establish the desired bond. ", "Understandably, no weight was accorded in the piror art, to the presence of a filler having no noticeable adhesive qualities, per se, in an OM layer. ", "There was no reason to expect that a particulate, optionally fibrous, filler present in a defined concentration range in a SHDS composition, would be critical to provide a “filled” OM layer with necessary excellent adhesion to any nylon even at insert-molding conditions, without which adhesion no OM layer is useful from a practical point of view." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Tight Hair Test\n\nHairstyles that are tight on the roots can cause headaches and even balding. ", "Tight hair styling with hair extensions causes stress on where extensions have been applied, and can even lead to Alopecia. ", "To check to see if your hair is too tight, try the eyebrow test. ", "Raise your eyebrows, and if you feel hair being pulled from the scalp, your hair is too tight.", "\nPhoto Credit to FindMyHairstyle.com" ]

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[ "Places to stay in Norfolk. ", "Bed & Breakfast and Guest House accommodation in Norfolk\n\nNorfolk - Bed & Breakfast and Guest House Accommodation by Town\n\nFeatured Accommodation in Norfolk\n\nA period 17th century farmhouse on a 30 acre common with ponds and wildlife, only 10 miles from Norwich. ", "All rooms are tastefully furnished to complement the oak beams and period furniture, with tea/coffee facilities and TV. ", "The beamed sitting room w ... more info\n\nBed & Breakfast and Guest House Accommodation in Norfolk\n\nCromer\n\nAldborough HallHall Road , Aldborough , CromerRelax and enjoy our luxury 5 star informal country house atmosphere whether for a weekend break, overnight business trip or a longer holiday we endeavour to offer guests a truly special experience wit ... more info\n\nHolt\n\nFellbrigg LodgeSchool Road, Aylmerton , HoltFelbrigg Lodge occupies an unrivalled position. ", "Approached by a long private drive the six acres of grounds are totally secluded.", "The words 'Bed & Breakfast' do not begin to describe the secluded, in ... more info\n\nNorwich\n\nGreenacres FarmhouseWoodgreen, Long Stratton, NorwichA period 17th century farmhouse on a 30 acre common with ponds and wildlife, only 10 miles from Norwich. ", "All rooms are tastefully furnished to complement the oak beams and period furniture, with tea/c ... more info\n\nSwaffham\n\nLydney House HotelNorwich Road, SwaffhamA Georgian Merchants House set in its own grounds. ", "200 Yards from the centre of Swaffham one of Norfolks most historic market towns. ", "Family run hotel informal but attentive service. ", "A good base for bi ... more info" ]

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[ "[Spectrum analysis of the variability of heart rate in athletes].", "\nCharacterize power spectrum pattern of the heart rate variability and assessment of the relative contributions of sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac nervous system control in athletes. ", "Prospective study of athletes and sedentary healthy control group sex and age matched. ", "8 athletes, 3 female and 5 male, swimming (4), canoeing (2) and cycling (2), aged 17.4 +/- 3.6 years, and 8 sedentary healthy controls. ", "ECG signals were recorded after a period of 15 minutes in supine rest with controlled breathing at 15 cycles/min. ", "Signal acquisition was done at 300 samples/sec. ", "From 512 consecutive heart beats, we calculated the average, the standard deviation, the maximum and the minimum values and the rate between the longest and the shortest R-R interval (E/I). ", "We also calculated, after computing the fast Fourier transform, the total spectrum power, the low frequency component (LF, from 0.01 to 0.15 Hz) and the high frequency component (HF, greater than 0.15 Hz) and its ratio (LF/HF). ", "The average R-R interval was 921 +/- 154.2 msecs and 673.2 +/- 98 msecs, the standard deviation was 72.5 and 29.4 msecs and the ratio E/I 1.63 +/- 0.14 and 1.28 +/- 0.08, respectively for athletes and control group. ", "Differences between groups were significant (p less than 0.01) for all parameters, with higher variability in the athletes. ", "Both spectral bands (LF and HF) and higher power in athletes (LF = 0.54 +/- 0.23 and HF = 0.76 +/- 0.14) than in the control group (LF = 0.14 +/- 0.10 and HF = 0.18 +/- 0.15) (p less than 0.001). ", "There were no significant differences for LF/HF ratio, or normalized LF (LF%) or normalized HF (HF%) between groups. ", "The present results indicates higher power of both spectral bands (LF and HF) and higher amplitude of the respective peaks in athletes when compared with healthy sedentary, with a clear predominance of the HF band in the total spectral power density, which suggest that the higher heart rate variability observed in athletes reveals the predominance of parasympathetic activity, without reduction of the sympathetic tone." ]

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[ "Case: 20-141 Document: 6 Page: 1 Filed: 08/14/2020\n\n\n\n\n NOTE: This order is nonprecedential.", "\n\n\n United States Court of Appeals\n for the Federal Circuit\n ______________________\n\n In re: THOMAS WILKINS,\n Petitioner\n ______________________\n\n 2020-141\n ______________________\n\n On Petition for Writ of Mandamus to the United States\nDistrict Court for the Eastern District of California in No.", "\n1:10-cv-00674-LJO-JLT, Judge Lawrence J. O’Neill.", "\n ______________________\n\n ON PETITION\n ______________________\n Before NEWMAN, LOURIE, and HUGHES, Circuit Judges.", "\nPER CURIAM.", "\n ORDER\n In General Electric Co. v. Wilkins, 750 F.3d 1324 (Fed.", "\nCir. ", "2014), this court affirmed the judgment of the United\nStates District Court for the Eastern District of California\nthat Thomas Wilkins was not a co-inventor of U.S. Patent\nNo. ", "6,921,985. ", "Mr. Wilkins now petitions this court for a\nwrit of mandamus to vacate, reverse, or dismiss various\n\fCase: 20-141 Document: 6 Page: 2 Filed: 08/14/2020\n\n\n\n\n2 IN RE: WILKINS\n\n\n\n\nrulings in that and other related closed appeals and in the\nclosed underlying district court proceedings. *", "\n Mr. Wilkins’ petition appears to be an attempt to relit-\nigate that prior litigation concerning his inventorship dis-\npute with GE. ", "Mr. Wilkins lost the first time around on\nthe issues that he seeks review, and mandamus is not in-\ntended to afford him a second bite of the appellate apple.", "\nCf. ", "Roche v. Evaporated Milk Ass’n, 319 U.S. 21, 26 (1943)\n(explaining that mandamus is not a substitute for an ap-\npeal). ", "Because Mr. Wilkins clearly does not have a right to\nthe relief he seeks, the court denies his petition.", "\n Accordingly,\n IT IS ORDERED THAT:\n The petition is denied.", "\n FOR THE COURT\n\n August 14, 2020 /s/ Peter R. Marksteiner\n Date Peter R. Marksteiner\n Clerk of Court\ns25\n\n\n\n\n * General Electric (“GE”) had also sought to quiet ti-\ntle as to U.S. Patent No. ", "6,924,565, but the district court\nfound that claim was time-barred, and GE voluntarily\nwithdrew its appeal from that judgment. ", "Mr. Wilkins filed\na separate complaint asserting claims for malicious prose-\ncution and abuse of process against GE and its counsel.", "\nMr. Wilkins voluntarily dismissed that complaint in 2014.", "\nTo the extent that he is seeking mandamus relief as to that\nseparate case, we must deny for the reasons stated herein.", "\n\f" ]

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[ "Medusa Coils\n\nFiercely defending, bravely exploring Goddess and spiritual feminisms\n\nWednesday, October 31, 2012\n\nASWM Issues Call for Papers\n\nThe Association for the Study of Women & Mythology (ASWM) has issued a Call for Papers to be presented at its upcoming biennial symposium, \"Lady of Ten Thousand Lakes: Finding Wisdom in Places\" to be held in St. Paul, Minnesota on April 20, 2013. ", "Proposals may include papers, panels, and workshops. ", "ASWM says it will give preference to the following topics, but is not limiting submissions to these topics:\n\n--How do and should the scholarship in Goddess Studies\nand Women’s Mythology and Spirituality engage with the sense and reality\nof place?", "\n\n--What women’s myths are especially grounded in a place or\nplaces?", "\n\n--What happens when such disciplines as Natural History, Ecology,\nand other sciences of place interact with Women and Mythology?", "\n\n--What does place mean methodologically?", "\n\n--How does our\nscholarship change when place becomes an element or partner in our\nresearch? ", "How does this intersect with Embodied Research or Embodied\nMethodologies?", "\n\n--What are the criteria for solid scholarship using these\nnew models?", "\n\n--Do issues of place add an activist quality to our scholarship?--Does activism have a place in scholarship?--What does it mean to find\nwisdom in places? ", "Papers\nshould be 20 minutes; panels with up to four papers on a related topic\nmay be proposed together. ", "Workshop proposals should be organized to\nprovide audience interaction and must clearly address the theme.", "\n(Workshops are limited to 90 minutes.)", "\n\nPresenters from all disciplines are welcome, as well as creative\nartists and practitioners whose work includes scholarly presentation of mythic themes. ", "Deadline for submissions is January 15. ", "If interested, please read complete information on the ASWM website.", "\n\nTuesday, October 23, 2012\n\nBuzz Coil: October 2012\n\nA look at some posts of interest from our blogroll and sometimes beyond:\n\nWorks of Literata: Congratulations to blogger Literata of the Order of the White Moon, who announced in her Oct. 22 post: \"Virginia recognizes me as clergy!\" ", "Recognition came from the Arlington County Court after she reapplied for official clergy status. ", "In this blog post, she discusses the resolution of the \"hang-up\" with her first application, gives details of what she needed to achieve recognition in Arlington and thanks those who helped her.", "\n\nMy Village Witch:In her Oct. 3 post,\"Setting Up an Ancestor Altar\" Byron Ballard describes how she sets up an ancestor altar and what may happen after you do. ", "She says this post is written\"for those of you who haven’t done an Ancestor altar before and are\ninterested in participating in this particular form of veneration.", "\"Her Oct. 20 post, \"Speaking of the Dead,\" tells of her experience on an interfaith panel.", "\n\nHecateDemeter: Blogger Hecate's strong Oct. 18 post, \"Oh, Well, Then. ", "If It’s an ECONOMIC ISSUE, Then I Guess That It Matters,\"responds to President Obama's framing of his support of birth control and abortion rights as an economic/family issue. ", "After agreeing that there are economic and family reasons for supporting women's access to birth control/abortion, here's a sampling what Hecate writes:\"And, yet, it pisses me off every time that I read that access to\nabortion isn’t 'just' a women’s issue. ", "As if women’s issues don’t\nreally matter. ", "As if giving half the population control over so simple a\nthing as their own bodies were 'just' an issue, and one that needs to\nbe boosted with other, real, legitimate, aka money-based, issues.\"", "\n\nHail Columbia:In her post, \"Religious liberty links, Oct 20: DC 40 returns; current election is 'apocalyptic,' and more\"blogger Literata begins:\"Yes, the people behind DC 40 are at it again. ", "They are coming to DC near Samhain to take a turn leading worship at David’s Tent, a group that is conducting continuous worship on the Ellipse near the White House until Election Day. ", "It looks like the DC 40 team is taking four shifts from October 24th to the 27th, including a 'drum circle' on the 27th.", "\"She goes on to give additional disturbing details.", "\n\nAnnelinde's World: On this blog featuring her poetry, Annelinde Metzner's Oct. 18 post/poem, \"Vote\" is accompanied by 2 photos of the Obama family, the first one, in splendid color, I've never seen before. ", "Her Oct. 12 post/poem, \"Holle\" is about the German Mother (or Grandmother) Goddess.", "Way of the Rabbit:In her Oct. 16 post, \"Love and Ideology,\" Yeshe Rabbit suggests different ways to approach issues and people during the current U.S. Presidential election.", "\n\nFeminism and Religion: This blog has multiple bloggers from a variety of paths, usually posting one each day. ", "In the Oct. 23 post, \"Sexist Responses to Women Writing About Religion\" Sarah Sentilles, holder of two Harvard doctorates--one in theology--takes reviewers of her 2011 book to task for assuming that its title, Breaking Up With God, was a statement she meant literally. ", "The full content of this post is on the website of the Harvard Divinity School, to which it is linked, and where Sentilles goes into a more extensive analysis of the treatment of women's writing.", "In the Oct. 22 post,\"Reading Plato’s Allegory of the Cave as Matricide and Theacide\" Carol P. Christ, holder of a doctorate in religious studies from Yale, tells how she came to understand Plato's work had significance beyond one of its more common explanations: \"the 'form' of a table is more 'real' than the table itself.", "\"In the Oct. 19 post, \"The Changing Face of Christ in the Catholic Church,\" Janice Poss tells of attending the ordination of women as priests in the RC Church. ", "This topic is also discussed in the Oct. 17 post of the blog's feature, \"In the News.", "\"In the Oct. 13 post,\"Painting Frida Kahlo\" Angela Yarber explores the upcoming Mexican holiday (also celebrated by an increasing number in the U.S.) Dia de los Muertos. ", "She suggests: \"It is fitting that we remember the many Holy Women Icons with a folk feminist twist that have gone before us: Virginia Woolf , the Shulamite, Mary Daly, Baby Suggs, Pachamama and Gaia.\" ", "And she discusses a show of her art including these and others.", "In the Oct. 8 post, 'The Language of the Goddess' In Minoan Crete\" Carol P. Christ explores the significance of Cretan artifacts and how her understanding of them is inspired by the work of Marija Gimbutas.", "\n\nThe Wild Hunt:is transitioning from being part of Patheos to going back to its former home wildhunt.org/blog , Jason Pitzl-Waters announced initially on the Patheos blog [post vanished] and also on Facebook. ", "Keying in the above will take you to the Patheos Wild Hunt site until Jason has completed setting up the new/old blogsite.", "\n\nTuesday, October 16, 2012\n\nWhere are October Events?", "\n\nMonday, October 08, 2012\n\nCanadian Publisher Explores \"Divine Feminine\"\n\nThe Fall Issue of Namaste Insights, a publication of Namaste Publishing, located in Canada, is titled \"The Imperative of Unleashing the Divine Feminine.\" ", "In her introduction, \"There's Something About Mary, All Right!,\" ", "Constance Kellough, Namaste's president and publisher, writes that \"restoring the Divine Feminine to its rightful stature\" will result in \"restoration of the Sacred Masculine.\" ", "It seems to me that choosing to justify \"restoring the Divine Feminine\" because it will restore the \"Sacred Masculine\" is rather odd first, because restoring the divine imaged as female needs no justification and second, because the \"sacred masculine\" needs no restoration. ", "The \"sacred masculine\" (why is masculine \"sacred\" and feminine \"divine'?) ", "has been in charge for several thousand years without ceasing. ", "But be that as it may, this publisher is trying, and has recently published a number of provocative books related to spiritual feminism, some of which are highlighted in this issue. ", "As part of this introduction to the articles, Kellough includes an analysis of books and films related to the subject, discusses the status of Christian figures related to the \"Divine Feminine,\" and includes cartoon-like drawings of belly dancers.", "\n\nIn the first article, Joan Chittisster comments on Matthew Fox's new book on Hildegard of Bingen, who has just been elevated to \"Doctor of the Church.\" ", "The same pope who just elevated Hildegard ex-communicated Fox, a Dominican friar, mainly for his feminist stances. ", "Namaste has published both Fox's book and a recent book by Chittisster, who is a Benedictine nun, as was Hildegard. ", "The second article, titled \"Book Review\" is Mary Lou Kownacki's review of Mary Sharratt's book, Illuminations: a novel of Hildegard von Bingen. ", "Kownacki is also a Benedictine nun. ", "You might find it interesting to compare her take on Sharratt's book with our review of it here.", "\n\nFor me the highlight of this issue of Namaste Insights is the \"Dialogue\" between Sharratt and Fox about Hildegard, in which Fox calls this Pope's elevation of Hildegard an irony. ", "Fox says, \"She's a Trojan Horse not only to patriarchal religion, but to patriarchy in general. \" ", "Sharratt then asks: \"What will happen once they let the Trojan Horse in through the gates?\"", "\n\nThere follows two articles about men and the sacred: \"The Hidden Spirituality of Men,\" in which Fox probes what might be meant by the \"Sacred Masculine,\" and David Robert Ord's \"The Terror of the Tender.\" ", "Ord is Namaste's editorial director.", "\n\nNext are interviews of Ord, Bishop John Shelby Spong, Starhawk, and Marianne Williamson. ", "In his interview, Spong, known to support equality for women as well as other progressive views, says, \"If you go back far enough in human experience you'll find that we envisioned God as feminine,\" and goes on to speak of Mother Nature. ", "Yet he connects child sacrifice to Goddess veneration, an unprovable contention. ", "In her interview, Starhawk discusses the development of her Goddess path, her views on other women's issues related to religion, and her work with Fox.", "\n\nThe issue concludes with the articles, \"Modern Mystics Walk Among Us, \" by Sarah McLean, and \"How to Raise Boys and Girls to be Equal,\" by Shfali Tsabary.", "\n\nCopyright 2006-2017 Medusa Coils; bloggers retain copyrights to their posts. ", "Permission is given to other blogs/bloggers to quote excerpts with appropriate attribution and links. ", "Opinions expressed by staff bloggers and guest bloggers are their own, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of others who blog here." ]

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[ "USPS SCAN Forms\n\nSCAN stands for Shipment Confirmation Acceptance Notice. ", "Scan forms are manifests offered by the USPS that include a simple barcode that USPS officials can scan to process a large number of packages at one time, rather than having to scan the barcodes of individual packages separately. ", "These forms can be scanned by letter carriers and retail officials alike. ", "They’re always free of charge to create.", "\n\nUsing a Scan form saves you time if you’re sending off dozens or hundreds of packages in one go. ", "There is no limit as to how many packages can be processed by one Scan form. ", "The form will categorize mail in four ways: “Priority Mail,” “Express Mail,” “International Mail,” and “Other.” ", "Forms can be used for both domestic and international packages.", "\n\nThe form is available online through your Shippo account in the upper right-hand corner of the Shipments tab (see below). ", "UPS & FedEx packages do not offer Scan forms. ", "Packages with UPS or FedEx labels don’t need to be scanned because the online label creation triggers the initial scan event automatically.", "\n\nCreating a Scan form will typically be the last step you’ll perform in a day for your shipping routine. ", "Here are the nitty-gritty details:\n\nRemember, your shipments must be mailed on the same date as the one printed on your Scan form and forms cannot be created for shipment dates in the past.", "\n\nYou can create multiple Scan forms per day. ", "If you create one in the morning, then create several more labels, when you create a second Scan form, it will include only those labels that were not on the first form.", "\n\nA Scan form can be created for labels printed that same day, or labels printed with shipment dates up to 5 business days in the future (although the date on the Scan form will always be the date that the form itself was created, rather than the shipment date of the labels).", "\n\nScan forms are per location, meaning that if you’re shipping from two or more locations, you’ll need to separate your packages and create separate forms.", "\n\nA big advantage of using a Scan form to process a large number of packages is that tracking for all packages will update once the form is scanned, unlike with individual packages. ", "Your tracking numbers will always be accurate." ]

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[ "The present invention relates to an apparatus for and a method of laying a pipe line composed of pipe sections arranged end-to-end in an open trench.", "\nIn the construction of tunnels, adits and the like it is known to use a shield composed of parallel elongate members or planks which are supported and advanced selectively by means of rams. ", "These members may be formed with cutting edges to attack and penetrate a working face or the shield may perform solely a support function, the actual excavation work being effected by a rotating cutting head or the like. ", "The walls of the tunnel rearwardly of the shield are then usually supported by lining sections.", "\nIn the construction of pipe lines installed underground it is also known to drive pipe sections into a working face at the end of an open pit or trench with the aid of a drive station. ", "In this technique the trench or pit must first be excavated by a mechanical digger for example to accommodate the drive station and the pipe sections and usually the walls of the trench are supported by planks or boards. ", "Where the pipes are of relatively large diameter and where the ground is water logged this process is particularly problematic. ", "There is a need for improved apparatus and methods of laying a pipe line in an open trench, which may be subsequently filled, without driving the pipe sections into the end wall and a general object of this invention is to provide such an apparatus and method." ]

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[ "COLT MODEL O1970 GOVERNMENT MODEL BLUE THIS GUN IS ABSOLUTELY 100% NEW IN THE BOX, A TRUE BLUE SERIES 70 GOVERNMENT MODEL IN 45 ACP WITH FACTORY WALNUT GRIPS NIB. ", "SMALL LETTER VARIETY. ", "WITH THE CORRECT BROWN PAPER BOX AND WHITE STYROFOAM INSERTS. ", "JUST THE WAY IT LEFT THE FACTORY. ", "A VERY RARE GUN, AND HARD TO FIND.", "\n\n$30 Per Item\n\nTrades Accepted: No\n\nWE SPECIALIZE IN COLT FIREARMS. ", "MOST OTHER TYPES OF FIREARMS ARE AVAILABLE, FOR DETAILS CALL ASK FOR LEE OR TONY. ", "ALL PRICES REFLECT THE CASH PRICE, PLEASE ADD 3% FOR VISA AND MASTERCARD, ADD 4% FOR AMEX AND DISCOVER." ]

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[ "Antibiotic consumption and generation of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: the paradoxical impact of quinolones in a complex selective landscape.", "\nThe development of resistance to the different antibiotics by the majority of bacterial species of clinical importance seems unavoidable. ", "However, not all drugs have the same efficiency to select for resistance. ", "Large differences in the qualitative and quantitative consumption of antibiotics among countries are known to exist and several authors have consistently reported the direct relationship between consumption and selection of resistance for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli and beta-lactams and macrolides use. ", "In Spain, extensive surveillance started in 1996, and the Willow (SAUCE) Project, to monitor and update resistance in respiratory pathogens and to couple those data with data concerning national antibiotic consumption (IMS) from both a temporal and geographical approach. ", "Temporally, despite a continuous increase of 16% in quinolone consumption from 1997 to 2001, basically due to the arrival of respiratory quinolones, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, a continuous linear increase in the resistance rates to ciprofloxacin in S. pneumoniae was not observed. ", "There also was an inverse correlation between provincial consumption of quinolones and resistance to ciprofloxacin. ", "Several hypotheses are proposed and discussed to explain these apparent paradoxical observations, such as the replacement of ciprofloxacin by more potent antipneumococcal quinolones, the possibility of an antibiotic pressure threshold, the influence of other nonquinolone drugs on the expression of ciprofloxacin-resistance biological costs, and the influence of changes in temporal or spatial prevalence of particular clones." ]

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[ "Utilisation of lipids, protein, ions and energy during embryonic development of Australian oviparous skinks in the genus Lampropholis.", "\nThe contents of eggs and neonates of the Australian skinks, Lampropholis guichenoti and L. delicata, are described and compared to allow interpretation of nutrient utilisation by the developing embryo. ", "Even though the females are the same size, L. guichenoti lay smaller clutches of larger eggs (egg contents=41.6+/-1.2 mg dry mass) than L. delicata (26.6+/-2.8 mg). ", "The energy density is the same for eggs (30.5+/-0.9 J/g ash-free dry mass for L. guichenoti and 29.9+/-1.1 J/mg for L. delicata) and neonates (22.5+/-1.3 J/mg for L. guichenoti and 23.5+/-0.4 J/mg for L. delicata) between species. ", "The amount of nitrogen (protein) in neonates is only slightly lower than that in eggs, whereas there is a large and significant decline in total lipids. ", "Thus, like some other skinks, protein is a source of metabolic energy during embryogenesis, although not as important as lipid. ", "Triacylglycerol is the major lipid component of the eggs (80% of total lipid), with phospholipid forming only approximately 10% of the total lipid. ", "The fatty acid profile of the phospholipid is distinguished by a high proportion of arachidonic acid (8%), a significant proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid (2-4%) and a relatively low proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (2-3%) compared to chickens. ", "Eggs of both species have remarkably low concentrations of free cholesterol compared to other amniote eggs (0.7% for L. guichenoti and 1.3% for L. delicata). ", "The loss of lipid during embryonic development is almost entirely due to the selective utilisation of yolk triacylglycerol, presumably for energy. ", "By contrast, the amount of phospholipid recovered from the neonates was the same as that originally in the eggs. ", "Moreover, significantly more total cholesterol was present in the neonates than in the eggs, suggesting that biosynthesis of additional cholesterol occurred during development. ", "The phospholipids of the neonates contain higher proportions of arachidonic (11-12%) and docosahexaenoic (8%) acids than the phospholipids of the eggs. ", "Eicosapentaenoic acid is less prevalent in phospholipids in neonates than in eggs. ", "Neonates of both species contain significantly more calcium than the fresh egg contents (L. guichenoti, eggs 0.303+/-0.051 mg, neonates 0.641+/-0.047 mg; L. delicata, eggs 0.187+/-0.013 mg, neonates 0.435+/-0.033 mg), presumably as a result of resorption of calcium from the eggshell. ", "Interestingly, there is also significantly more sodium in neonates than in the contents of fresh eggs (L. guichenoti, eggs 0.094+/-0.010 mg, neonates 0.184+/-0.011 mg; L. delicata, eggs 0.084+/-0.011 mg, neonates 0.151+/-0.010 mg). ", "There is no significant difference in the content of potassium and magnesium in eggs and neonates of either species. ", "Although the fresh eggs of L. delicata have a significantly higher sodium concentration than L. guichenoti, there is no difference in the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium in the neonates of the two species." ]

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[ "Buenaventura Press\n\nBuenaventura Press was a publisher and distributor for comics, prints, anthologies and graphic novels based in Oakland, California, run by Alvin Buenaventura.", "\n\nPublishing history\nBuenaventura Press originally specialized in handcrafted fine press prints, producing works for Gary Panter, Daniel Clowes, Julie Doucet, Chris Ware and others, before it extended its operations to publishing works in various book formats.", "\n\nThe company closed in January 2010, in many ways because of the costs involved in publishing Kramers Ergot #7 (which appeared in 2008 at a retail price of $125).", "\n\nIn September 2010, Alvin Buenaventura launched a new company, Pigeon Press, publishing books & prints and dealing in original art.", "\n\nBuenaventura committed suicide in February 2016.", "\n\nTitles published\n\nComic books\n Boy’s Club 2 and 3 by Matt Furie (Boy's Club #1 was published by Tim Goodyear's Teenage Dinosaur)\n Comic Book Holocaust and Klassic Komix Klub by Johnny Ryan\n Elvis Road by Elvis Studio by Helge Reumann & Xavier Robel\n Hunter and Painter by Tom Gauld\n Destined for Dizziness and The Neighborhood by Souther Salazar\n Yeast Hoist #12: Stop Thinking Start Sleeping Stop Sleeping Start Living by Ron Rege Jr.\n Spaniel Rage by Vanessa Davis\n Injury #1, #2 and #3 by Ted May, Jason Robards, and Jeff Wilson\n\nJournals, anthologies and other works\n Comic Art Magazine issues 8 and 9 edited by Todd Hignite (2006, 2007)\n Kramers Ergot 6 edited by Sammy Harkham (2006)\n Kramers Ergot 7 edited by Sammy Harkham (2008)\n New York Sketches; a portfolio of drawings by Adrian Tomine (2004)\n Private Stash: A Pinup-Girl Portfolio by 20 Cartoonists by Robert Crumb, Adrian Tomine, Jaime Hernandez et al. (", "2006)\n Dawn by Phil Elverum (2008)\n The Complete Jack Survives by Jerry Moriarty (2009)\n\nAward nominations\n 2008 Ignatz Award nominee for Outstanding Series: Injury #2 by Ted May, Jason Robards, Jeff Wilson \n 2007 Ignatz Award nominee for Outstanding Artist: Vanessa Davis Spaniel Rage\n 2007 Eisner Award nominee for Best Anthology: Kramer's Ergot 6\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n Pigeon Press website\n McCulloch, Joe and Chris Mautner. \"", "FEATURES: Alvin Buenaventura, 1976-2016,\" The Comics Journal (FEB 16, 2016).", "\n\nCategory:Comic book publishing companies of the United States\nCategory:Companies based in Oakland, California\nCategory:Companies disestablished in 2010\nCategory:Publishing companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area" ]

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[ "Die beiden in Italien an der Regierung beteiligten Parteien, die rechtspopulistische Lega und die Fünf-Sterne-Bewegung, streiten seit Langem, ob die Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecke nach Jahren endlich fertiggebaut werden soll oder nicht. ", "Während die Lega für das Milliardenprojekt ist, ist die populistische Fünf-Sterne-Bewegung dagegen.", "\n\nDer parteilose Ministerpräsident Giuseppe Conte selbst hatte noch im März Zweifel an dem milliardenteuren Bahnprojekt geäußert. ", "Damals wurde eine Entscheidung um sechs Monate verschoben, um eine Regierungskrise abzuwenden. ", "Am vergangenen Dienstag kam dann die Kehrtwende von Conte: In einem Facebook-Video sprach er sich für die TAV aus. ", "Es sei teurer, die Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecke nicht zu bauen, als sie fertigzustellen, so der Premier. ", "Die EU habe mehr Geld für die Förderung zugesagt.", "\n\nZusage an EU-Kommission\n\nDie EU-Kommission hatte zuletzt mehrfach die Wichtigkeit des Projekts für Europa betont und davor gewarnt, dass bei weiteren Verzögerungen das Risiko steige, dass EU-Gelder zurückgezogen würden. ", "Am Freitagabend habe schließlich das von der Fünf-Sterne-Bewegung geführte Transportministerium einen Brief an die Exekutivagentur für Innovation und Netze in Brüssel geschickt mit der Zusage, sich weiterhin an der Fertigstellung der Bahnstrecke zu beteiligen, berichtete unter anderem die Nachrichtenagentur ANSA am Samstag.", "\n\nGrafik: OSM/ORF.at; Quelle: ORF.at/TELT\n\nGewalttätigkeiten bei Demo\n\nIm piemontesischen Susatal, durch das die Bahntrasse verläuft, gingen daraufhin am Samstag Tausende Menschen gegen das Projekt auf die Straße. ", "Ein Großteil der Anwohner wehrt sich gegen das Milliardenprojekt. „", "Völker, die rebellieren, schreiben Geschichte“, war auf dem Plakat der Demonstranten zu lesen. ", "Laut einem Bericht der Tageszeitung „La Repubblica“ bewarfen vermummte Demonstranten Polizisten mit Steinen und versuchten, ein Gitter zu öffnen und in die Baustelle der Bahnlinie einzudringen. ", "Die Polizei reagierte mit Tränengas. ", "40 Demonstranten wurden angezeigt.", "\n\nAP/Luca Bruno\n\nDie „No TAV“-Bewegung hatte öfters in den vergangenen Jahren auch gewaltsam gegen die Bahntrasse protestiert. ", "Die Kritiker ziehen den Nutzen der Bahntrasse in Zweifel. ", "Mit ihren Demonstrationen weisen sie aber auch auf die von den Bauarbeiten verursachten schweren Eingriffe zulasten der Natur hin. ", "Befürworter des TAV-Projekts wiederum klagen, dass nicht nur Arbeitsplätze, sondern auch die Glaubwürdigkeit des Landes auf dem Spiel stehe.", "\n\n58-Kilometer-Basistunnel als Kernstück\n\nDie geplante insgesamt 270 Kilometer lange Bahntrasse – mit einem 58 Kilometer langen Basistunnel durch die Alpen zwischen Susa und St. Jean de Maurienne als Kernstück – ist seit Jahren avisiert und wird bereits von der EU gefördert. ", "Auf einem Teil der Strecke wurde auch schon mit den Bauarbeiten begonnen.", "\n\nDie Kosten für den Bau des grenzüberschreitenden Abschnitts belaufen sich auf etwa 8,5 Milliarden Euro, die von den beiden betroffenen Ländern und der EU aufgebracht werden sollen. ", "Die Gesamtinvestitionen für die neue Strecke betragen geschätzte 26 Milliarden Euro, die zu 40 Prozent aus EU-Mitteln finanziert werden. ", "Die Strecke soll sowohl die Zugsfahrten zwischen Städten in Europa wie Mailand, Venedig, Barcelona, Lissabon und Paris beschleunigen, als auch den Güterverkehr auf die Schienen bringen." ]

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[ "The\n2003 edition of the LeRoy football Knights undoubtedly have\na tough act to follow after last year's stellar season. ", "2002\nsaw the Knights come within minutes of knocking off the vaunted\nOnondaga Central Tigers at the Carrier Dome in one of the most\nexciting state semis ever played. ", "The stars of 2002 are gone\n- 4 all-state first-teamers (Shaughnessy, Fulmer, Syracuse,\nand Miller) and another player that easily could have been named\nall-state as well, Jason Hodge. ", "The 2003 Knights have heard\nall summer that the talent pool at LeRoy has moved from the\ndeep end to the shallow end. ", "Word is that the big name players\nand the big time wins are a thing of the past. ", "The seniors on\nthis year's team, 22 in total, have heard that the team is as\nshaky as the stock market. ", "These same seniors, who have lost\nbut one game in their last 2 seasons of football (20-1), have\ntaken the gloomy forecast for the team to heart. ", "The marquee\nnames may have graduated but the marquee program is intact.", "\nThe experience, heart, tenacity, coaching, and year long preparation\nare all in place. ", "The desire to prove that LeRoy football is\nalive and well is apparent in the tough practices and hard-hitting\nscrimmages. ", "Look for the 2003 Knights to develop their own identity\nwith the same results of years past - wins on the gridiron.", "\n\nLeading\nthe team again will be Head Coach Brian Moran who is 111-34-2\nsince his arrival in 1989. ", "In his 14 previous seasons Brian\nhas earned more sectional football crowns than any coach in\nSection 5 history - 9. ", "The school ranks 4th in total sectional\nfootball titles (10) trailing only the elite programs of Clyde-Savannah\n(13), Cal-Mum (12), and Fairport (11). ", "The 2003 Class C crown\nlooks to arrive once more for a Route 5 school as Cal-Mum, Avon,\nPembroke, as well as the Knights, will be the top contenders\nin the C classification. ", "Returning to aid Moran are the duo\nof Offensive Coordinator Chris Cappotelli and Defensive Coach\nExtraordinaire Andrew Paladino. ", "The offenses have been explosive\nand the defenses stingy as heck over the years due to the hard\nwork and dissection of scouting info by these two fine coaches.", "\nAlso on board as assistants for 2003 are veteran Jim Bonacquisti,\nDell Storey in his sophomore season, and newcomer from Section\n6, Brad Dietsch. ", "Coach Dietsch has already taken notice how\nwell the football program is coordinated at LHS under Moran.", "\n\nThe\nteam traveled to Victor Central on Saturday, August 30th for\nsome hard-hitting scrimmages with 3 large school Section 5 opponents\n- Victor (A), Spencerport (AA), and Brighton (A). ", "The team moved\nthe ball well against their larger opponents as the line displayed\nquickness off the ball and good push. ", "The running game will\nbe called on heavily this season and there is size to run inside\nas well as speed to the corner. ", "The defense will be solid as\nusual for Coach Paladino.", "\n\nJunior\nAndrew Fox (30) eyes up a hole in the line\n\nKnights\nget off the ball against Brighton offense\n\nOFFENSE\n- The signal caller for the upcoming season will be senior Brandon\nKlinkbeil. ", "Brandon helped engineer the 9-0 record of the JVs\nduring his sophomore year. ", "Last year he saw plenty of second\nhalf action as a backup to all-star QB Joe Shaughnessy. ", "Klink\nhas displayed excellent control of the offense in practice and\nimproved foot speed. ", "He is tough and a very good athlete. ", "Brandon\nwill have plenty behind him in the backfield. ", "Junior Andrew\nFox returns for his second varsity season after being quite\nan impact player last season as a sophomore. ", "Drew was named\nOffensive MVP for LeRoy in the state semifinal last November.", "\nFox has worked hard in the off-season to add add strength and\nspeed. ", "He has done both and will be a major contributor to the\noffense, as well as the defense. ", "Senior Jake Whiting is the\nteam's most versatile player and will play many roles like all-state\ngraduate Brendan Fulmer. ", "He can run, receive, block, kick and\nmore importantly lead by example. ", "Jake too has worked hard at\nstrength and conditioning and will continue to bring his big\nplay ability to the field. ", "Newcomers join Fox and Whiting in\nthe backfield in the form of power and speed. ", "Power will be\namply supplied by senior Steve Angora who returns to the school\ndistrict after a year away. ", "The powerful 225 lb. ", "Angora provides\nexcellent blocking and inside running power reminiscent of LeRoy\ngraduate Tommy Shaughnessy who now plays college ball in Buffalo.", "\nSteve has also displayed \"soft hands\" needed to snag\nshort passes out of the backfield. ", "Speed comes in the form of\nsophomore speedster Mike Farabella who has been pulled up to\nthe varsity. ", "Mike played in but 5 JV contests last season as\nhe was hampered by nagging injures. ", "He posted outstanding numbers\nin those 5 games, rushing for 700+ yards including two 200+\ngames (216 yds vs. Cal-Mum and 204 yds in the Eastridge game).", "\nHis quickness will be quite an asset on defense as well. ", "Another\nwelcomed addition to the running corps is senior Tim Judge who\nreturns to the gridiron after running cross-country as a junior.", "\nTim was the leading ground gainer of the 9-0 2001 JVs posting\n4 games of 100+ yards. ", "The gritty Judge will also be a great\naddition to the defensive backfield. ", "There is also plenty of\ndepth at running back with the likes of rugged senior Jimmy\nMacaluso, tough junior Mike Pacer, and talented sophomore Tim\nAndrews up from the JVs. ", "Jimmy, Mike, and Tim all played quite\nwell in the Victor scrimmage. ", "Contesting for the wide receiver\nplay will be seniors Slade Fitch, Josh Carlson, AJ Allenbrandt,\nand Mike O'Toole. ", "Two juniors will be vying for backup QB -\nJohn Zinni and Zac Condidorio. ", "Look for John and Zac to play\ntough defense as well. ", "Zac, an outstanding wrestler, used his\ntakedown abilities off the mat to lead the JVs last season in\nsolo tackles.", "\n\nAs\nstated, the O-line played very well in the Victor scrimmage\nthough being outweighed by all 3 opposing teams. ", "At center will\nbe senior Ryan Duthe. ", "Ryan was called upon to play left tackle\nlast season and did so very well. ", "Ryan is an intelligent player\nwith great leadership skills and packs a pretty good pop for\nhis frame. ", "The deceptively strong Duthe is always in the correct\nposition on defense and will line up as an outside linebacker.", "\nRight guard will be handled by junior strongman Tim Dieffenbacher.", "\nTim is pretty much a clone of last year's RG, Jason Hodge -\nstrong, nasty, and tough. ", "Like Hodge, he will play middle linebacker\nand once again be a team leader in tackles. ", "Next to Dief at\nright tackle will be the \"Donkey\" Ian Whitcroft. ", "Ian\nis a very tough kid that returns to the fold as a starter after\nsuffering an untimely knee injury in practice just before the\nfirst game of the 2002 season. ", "Ian truly hits like a donkey\nand will play tough to the whistle. ", "The left side of the line\nwill feature two seniors who have worked hard and are hungry\nto \"get after it.\" ", "At guard, Matt Bennetti gets the\nnod after a solid offseason of lifting and working hard. ", "Matt\nis quick off the ball and has displayed good technique. ", "To his\nleft will be Coach Moran's son Casey. ", "Casey is a fierce competitor\n(imagine that) who has played quite well in practice and scrimmages.", "\nLook for his stock to rise as the season progresses. ", "Senior\nDan Panek returns to his position at tight end where he will\ncalled upon to block and slip out for the occasional pass reception.", "\nIf it is thrown his way, Dan will catch it. ", "Senior Ian Christiansen,\nthe Florida transfer that played excellent on last year's juggernaut,\nsuffered a knee injury in the summer and underwent surgery to\nrepair it. \"", "Gator\" is rehabbing ahead of schedule\nand is \"chomping at the bit\" to go out and pop someone.", "\nIan could be back as soon as game 3 against the HF-L Cougars.", "\nHe will add much.", "\n\nSophomore\nsensation Mike Farabella makes the turn\n\nLeRoy\ndefense stuffs a Barons running play\n\nDEFENSE\n- The defensive schemes will once again be called by the Master\nof Defense, Andrew Paladino. ", "The Front 4 of the D-line looks\nto include Jake Whiting and Dan Panek at ends and junior stalwart\nJason Spencer at one of the tackle positions. ", "Coach Paladino\nlooks to receive quality minutes from a host of candidates for\nthe other tackle position including senior Pete Paliani and\njunior Phil Niccloy. ", "Whitcroft, Moran, Angora, and Chritiansen\nare all viable options at tackle. ", "Juniors Tim Dieffenbacher\n(73 tackles in 2002) and Andrew Fox (54) return as solid middle\nlinebackers. ", "The outside linebackers will be handled quite nicely\nby the heads-up quick play of Ryan Duthe and Mike Farabella.", "\nAnother likely linebacker candidate will be junior Mike Pacer\nwho put on quite a tackling display at the Victor scrimmage.", "\nDefensive backs are plenty and will be handled by the likes\nof seniors Brandon Klinkbeil, Slade Fitch, Tim Judge, and juniors\nJohn Zinni and Zac Condidorio. ", "Look for sophomore Tim Andrews\nto make a break through on defense as well. ", "As mentioned, versatile\nJake Whiting will showcase his leg strength handling the kickoffs,\nPATs, and punting.", "\n\nThe\nKnights' quest for a 11th sectional title, and third in a row\nbegins on Friday, September 5th, away against the Cal-Mum Raiders.", "\nHistory points to the Raiders as New York State's grandest small\nschool football program. ", "The 2003 season will only add to the\nRaiders' glorious lore as quite simply they are loaded with\ntalent. ", "Names like Darron, Keeley, Harmon, Mynter, Fitch, Sherman,\nBoop and the like will be household by season's end. ", "Future\nHall of Fame Coach Mike Monacelli has earned 3 state titles\nguiding the maroon and white. ", "Many feel a 4th could be around\nthe corner with this year's squad. ", "The Knights schedule does\nnot get any easier after visiting their arch-rivals. ", "Avon is\nup in game 2 and they are a program on the rise. ", "Class B HF-L\nrounds out the rugged 3-start as coach Billy Donegan will have\nthe Cougars ready for a physical matchup. ", "Letchworth, Perry,\nand Wellsville can all lay a lick on you and they fill the middle\nof the schedule. ", "The regular season finale pits the Knights\ndown in Bath-Haverling to take on the Rams, 2-time defending\nSection 5 Class B champs and State Semifinalists in 2001 and\n2002." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHaskell increment the last element of a tuple\n\nHi could you please help me on how to increment the last element of a tuple.", "\nCurrently i have this list of tuples\nitems :: [Grocery]\nitems = [(\"Water\", \"Drink Section\", 1),\n (\"Squash\", \"Drink Section\", 1),\n (\"Apple\", \"Fruit Section\", 1),\n (\"Plates\", \"Disposable Section\", 1),\n (\"Plates\", \"Ceramic Section\", 1)]\n\nand what i wanted to do is increment it by 1 every time the item is bought and output the database. ", "currently i have this\nsales:: [database] -> String -> String-> [database]\nsales db itemName sectionName = []\nsales ((item, section, qty): xs) itemName sectionName \n | item == itemName && section== sectionName = [(item, section, qty + 1)]\n | otherwise = []\n\nim still in the bit of incrementing it and im stuck. ", "please help me i'm still a newbie on this language. ", "thank you!", "\nEdit\nits all working now but how do you output the rest of the list? ", "i tried recordSale xs trackArtist trackTitle but when i test it the old record that i incremented gets printed as well instead of getting modified? ", "lets say that i incremented apple what it'll print is this \n[(\"Apple\", \"Fruit Section\", 2),(\"Water\", \"Drink Section\", 1),(\"Squash\", \"Drink Section\", 1), (\"Apple\", \"Fruit Section\", 1)]\n\nit duplicates the record instead of just adding 1\n\nA:\n\nThat's not bad, but lets pretend you're trying to increment \"Squash\", the second element down in your example list of items. ", " What does sales do? ", " It checks if the first item in the list, Water, equals Squash. ", " Since water doesn't equal squash it hits the otherwise case and returns [].", "\nSo all of that seems right up until we got a [] back - lets change the code in otherwise. ", " Obviously we don't want to throw away the entire list, that would be stupid. ", " You should rewrite it to keep the item that was just compared and concatenate it on to the result of sales applied to the rest of the list (xs).", "\nAfter you get that otherwise branch fixed you're going to notice the entire list after the item you increment is thrown away - I think that one will pop right out at you once you finish this issue.", "\nP.S. Fire the employee that put Squash in the drinking section.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "There are many frameworks and concepts around in the JavaScript world. ", "In today’s blog post we are going to write a pure mobile JavaScript application with Onsen UI and Redux, which is a very small but powerful library that enables to write JavaScript applications in a conceptually different way.", "\n\nRedux is inspired by Flux, which was developed by Facebook. ", "Unlike Flux, Redux is quite flexible and does not require any specific infrastructure like GraphQL. ", "We will use Redux in combination with Onsen UI to build a simple Calculator mobile app. ", "One of the nicest things about this app is that it will look native, both on Android and iOS, due to Onsen’s autostyle feature.", "\n\nAll the source code is freely available at https://github.com/philolo1/OnsenUI-redux-calculator/.\n\nUnderstanding Redux\n\nLet’s first see what Redux is and how it works. ", "Redux consists of three main components:\n\nStore: This structure stores the complete state of our application. ", "Given only the content of the store, the application should be able to save and recover the current state of the application.", "\n\nActions: Actions are how the application interacts with the store. ", "The application sends an action with some attached data. ", "These actions are than handles by a so called reducer .", "\n\n. ", "Reducer: The Reducer is a function that takes the current state and an action and transforms it to a new state.", "\n\nIn addition to these three components, there are three principles of how a redux application should be written.", "\n\nSingle Source of Truth: As mentioned previously the store is the only place where data is stored. ", "This enables the application to do nice things like undoing an action and also helps to more easily debug. ", "The state is read-only: The state of the application can only be changed via actions. ", "This is very useful for debugging, since the changing state flow is much more clear. ", "The reducer consists only of pure functions: Pure functions are functions that do not change the parameter object they are given.", "\n\nThe first two points should be very clear. ", "For the second one lets have a look at what a pure function is. ", "Let’s say we want to create a function handleLoaded , that should add the property isLoaded: true to the state:\n\nAs you can see, we need to be careful to write pure functions and don’t manipulate the parameters. ", "If the function wasn’t pure, it would be hard to recover the previous state and would make debugging much harder because of side effects.", "\n\nCalculator: HTML + CSS\n\nNow that we have understood the basics, let’s create our Calculator app. ", "The calculator consists of 6 rows: The first one will be a simple div that contains the display, the remaining rows will consist of buttons of the calculator. ", "For simplicity, we will only support integer manipulation. ", "Combined with the power of ons-button and ons-page we get:\n\nThere is now real magic going on here. ", "Every row is split equally across the screen and every column has equal height using flexbox and percentages. ", "The colors of the buttons are done by different opacity. ", "CSS contains only a few lines of code:\n\nCalculator: JavaScript Code\n\nTo write the JavaScript code we need to first think about the state and actions of our application. ", "For the actions we use:\n\nTYPE : This action indicated that a number is typed on the calculator.", "\n\n: This action indicated that a number is typed on the calculator. ", "CHANGE_SIGN : This action indicates a change of the sign (‘+’/‘-‘) of the display.", "\n\n: This action indicates a change of the sign (‘+’/‘-‘) of the display. ", "CLEAN : This action will reset the calculator.", "\n\n: This action will reset the calculator. ", "EQUAL : This action will be triggered when the = is pressed.", "\n\n: This action will be triggered when the is pressed. ", "OPERATION : This action will be called whenever we press an action button that will do a mathematic operation with two operands.", "\n\nWe can now already write some part of our JavaScript code:\n\nThe Redux Framework manages the store. ", "We will need to give it our reducer with Redux.createStore(ourReducer) , which we will define later. ", "Since we want to rerender every time the state changes, we need to listen to the store. ", "Fortunately, Redux provides us with a function store.subscribe to which we pass our render function.", "\n\nThe complicated part is writing the reducer. ", "Our reducer will have four states:\n\nnumber : This represents the number that will be displayed on the screen.", "\n\n: This represents the number that will be displayed on the screen. ", "operation : This will store the last operation function, that has been calculated like plus, minus etc.", "\n\n: This will store the last operation function, that has been calculated like plus, minus etc. ", "storedFunc : This function will be used to store results and operations that are not directly displayed. ", "For example, if we type 1 + , the value of the storedFunc will be (x) => 1 + x . ", "This makes evaluation quite easy since we have to only call storedFunc(num) .", "\n\n: This function will be used to store results and operations that are not directly displayed. ", "For example, if we type , the value of the storedFunc will be . ", "This makes evaluation quite easy since we have to only call . ", "originalFunc : This function is necessary to support repeating the last operation for the ‘=’ sign.", "\n\n: This function is necessary to support repeating the last operation for the ‘=’ sign. ", "lastAction : This piece of data should contain the last action that has been done.", "\n\nNow that we have the state and actions, we only need to write the reducer. ", "We will split our reducer into two, one for adding the lastAction and the other one doing the main state transformation.", "\n\nNext, we will write our general reducer that handles all the actions. ", "We will split the reducer up into multiple functions:\n\nIt should be noted here that at the beginning of our application, the state will be undefined, that is why we need to define our initial state with number: 0 to display 0 at the beginning. ", "Now we need to define the handleEqual and handleOperation function. ", "As stated previously we take advantage of our storedFunc and operation states.", "\n\nAnd now we are done and have our app perfectly working! ", "It might take a while to get used to this code thinking, but we could give you a small glance at the word of redux and functional programming.", "\n\nResources\n\nThe source code is available here. ", "We only covered a small app that shows how to develop in Redux. ", "There are tons of resources on the internet. ", "I truly can recommend the video tutorial: https://egghead.io/lessons/javascript-redux-the-single-immutable-state-tree and having a look at https://github.com/reactjs/redux. ", "If any questions arise, feel free to ask it on our Community Forum." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nRandomly selected index in integer array causing crash\n\nThis should be a simple fix but I just cant get it?!", "\nI want to randomly select an integer from an integer array and load a bitmap of it - sometimes it goes thru but most of the time it errors out - i don't see how I'm going outside of the array?", "\nAt first I used array.length() and then array.length() - 1, but now I'm using a range safetly between the start and end ~ which is not what I want to do\n public int GetRandomNumber(int min, int max) {\n return min + (int)(Math.random() * ((max - min) + 1));\n}\n\npublic void Whatever()\n{\n\n Integer[] ImageIds;\n ImageIds = new Integer[9];\n ImageIds[0] = R.drawable.splatter1;\n ImageIds[1] = R.drawable.splatter2;\n ImageIds[2] = R.drawable.splatter3;\n ImageIds[3] = R.drawable.splatter4;\n ImageIds[4] = R.drawable.splatter5;\n ImageIds[5] = R.drawable.splatter6;\n ImageIds[6] = R.drawable.splatter7;\n ImageIds[7] = R.drawable.splatter8;\n ImageIds[8] = R.drawable.splatter9;\n ImageIds[9] = R.drawable.splatter10;\n\nBitmap Asset;\n\n for (int i = 0; i < splatters.length; i++) {\n\n int RandomIndex = GetRandomNumber(0, 9);\n\n Asset = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(mContext.getResources(), ImageIds[RandomIndex ]);\n\n }\n }\n\nI get an ArrayIndexOutOfBounds exception\nWhy does this crash?", "\n\nA:\n\nBecause must be\nImageIds = new Integer[10]; \nYou set 10 images, but create array of size 9.", "\nAlso look at line in logs, which caused error. ", "It really helps.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Pinoy guide to happy living in Japan\n\nNews Detail\n\nPeso strong, PSEi back in 8,000-level on Monday\n\nBoth Philippine currency and stock market kicked off this week’s trading strong.", "\n\nAccording to the Philippine Dealing and Exchange Corp. (PDEX) Philippine peso strengthened to 49.40 against a United States dollar on Monday from 49.55-finish last week, climbing by Php 0.15.", "\n\nA local trader said the peso appreciation followed other Asian market currencies as dollar weakened due to the downbeat US jobs data last week.", "\n\nPeso opened the day strong at 49.43 on Monday from previous trade’s opening of 49.77 to a dollar.", "\n\nIt traded to a high of Php 49.36 to a low of Php 49.44, bringing the average level for the day at Php 49.40 to a dollar.", "\n\nTotal volume of trade reached USD 609.9 million on Monday.", "\n\nThe currency pair is expected to trade between Php 49.30 to Php 49.50 on Tuesday.", "\n\nMeanwhile, the Philippine Stock Exchange index (PSEi) returned to 8,000-level on Monday.", "\n\nThe local bourse ended the day in the green at 8,001.38, an increase of 1.18 percent, or 93.72 points, better than the previous close of 7,907.66.", "\n\nAll Shares likewise improved by 0.94 percent or 44.14 points to 4,760.27.", "\n\nAll sectors made increments led by Financials, which increased by 1.57 percent, or 30.61 points, to 1,976.31; followed by Services, up by 1.39 percent or 23.93 points to 1,741.25; Holding Firms, up by 1.36 percent or 106.55 points to 7,953.67; Mining and Oil, up by 1.20 percent or 149.27 points to 12,568.54 points; Property, up by 0.92 percent or 34.08 points to 3,740.42 points; and Industrial, up by 0.14 percent or 15.18 points to 11,112.93.", "\n\nThe trader said the investigation on Resorts World Manila incident has appeased the market, as public officials said that the attack was not carried out by terrorist group.", "\n\nMoreover, total volume traded on Monday was at 1.10 billion shares amounting to Php 8.65 billion." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to enable Directory browsing by default on IIS Express\n\nCassini (Visual Studio development web server) by default enables directory browsing, how can I enable directory browsing on IIS Express by default? (", "I don't want to have a separate configuration for each project I have?", "\n\nA:\n\nGo to Web.config file of your project.", "\nAdd the below two tags in <system.webServer> tag in web.config\n\n<directoryBrowse enabled=\"true\" />\n<modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests=\"true\" />\n\nA:\n\nYou should be able to use AppCmd.exe to manage IIS Express. ", " Try this:\nappcmd set config /section:directoryBrowse /enabled:true\n\nMore info on AppCmd.exe here:\nhttp://learn.iis.net/page.aspx/114/getting-started-with-appcmdexe\n\nA:\n\nyou can use appcmd tool\nAPPCMD (command) (object-type) <identifier> < /parameter1:value1 ... >*\n\nWhere is one of the commands supported by .Most objects support this basic set of commands:\nLIST Display the objects on the machine. ", "An optional can specify a unique object to list, or one or more parameters can be specified to match against object properties.", "\nADD Create a new object with the specified object properties to set during creation.", "\nDELETE Delete the object specified by the .", "\nSET Set parameters on the object specified by . ", "\nEnable directory browsing.", "\nGo to the IIS Express install directory.", "\n1: Enable directory browsing at the server level\nRun `appcmd set config /section:system.webServer/directoryBrowse /enabled:true`\n\n2: Enable directory browsing at the site level\nRun `appcmd set config [\"SITE_NAME\"] /section:system.webServer/directoryBrowse /enabled:true`\n\nNote: Run with elevated permission\nyou can verify that the configuration/system.webServer/directoryBrowse@enabled attribute is set to true in the site or application configuration file.", "\nReference : IIS\n\n" ]

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[ "Here is a snippet of BASIC code which reads the data from the chip. ", "Written using MBasic from BasicMicro.com (I do NOT have the HEX file available, or this code written in any other programming language):" ]

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[ "Coincidence of nonpuerperal mastitis and noninflammatory breast cancer.", "\nNonpuerperal mastitis may mimic breast cancer but the incidence of noninflammatory cancer among such patients is unknown. ", "To estimate the risk of breast cancer in patients with nonpuerperal mastitis within 12 months of treatment. ", "Two hundred seventy-seven patients with nonpuerperal breast inflammation were prospectively screened for breast cancer within 1 year after mastitis was diagnosed. ", "The age-related standardized breast cancer incidence ratio of the female population was calculated. ", "Five women (35, 43, 47, 61, and 72 years, respectively) were identified as having noninflammatory breast cancer independently, and at a location distant from the infectious lesion. ", "In 1992, breast cancer incidence in the German federal state of Saarland was 110.0 new cases per 100,000 female inhabitants (0.11%). ", "This gives a standardized incidence ratio in our study population of 37.8 (95% confidence interval: 12.3-88.1) i.e. 37 fold increase in risk. ", "Our data suggest that women with nonpuerperal mastitis (who do not have inflammatory breast cancer) are at significantly increased risk to have breast cancer diagnosed within 12 months following treatment. ", "The reason for this higher incidence in the study population is unknown. ", "Although benign mastitis is not thought to be a risk factor for breast cancer, patients warrant long-term surveillance after diagnosis." ]

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[ "All-solution-processed nonvolatile flexible nano-floating gate memory devices.", "\nOrganic semiconductors have great potential for future electronic applications owing to their inherent flexibility, low cost, light weight and ability to easily cover large areas. ", "However, all of these advantageous material properties can only be harnessed if simple, cheap and low-temperature fabrication processes, which exclude the need for vacuum deposition and are compatible with flexible plastic substrates, are employed. ", "There are a few solution-based techniques such as spin-coating and inkjet printing that meet the above criteria. ", "In this paper, we describe a novel all-solution-processed nonvolatile memory device fabricated on a flexible plastic substrate. ", "The source, drain and gate electrodes were printed using an inkjet printer with a conducting organic solution, while the semiconducting layer was spin-coated with an n-type polymer. ", "The charge-trapping layer was composed of spin-coated reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which was prepared in the form of a solution using Hummer's method. ", "The fabricated device was characterized in order to confirm the memory characteristics. ", "Device parameters such as threshold voltage shift, retention/endurance characteristics, mechanical robustness and reliability upon bending were also analyzed." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Immune complexes in urine and serum of patients with bladder cancer.", "\nThe urine and/or serum of 43 patients with bladder cancer was tested for the presence of immune complexes. ", "Immune complexes were present more frequently in the urine (38 per cent) than in the serum (23 per cent). ", "Urinary immune complexes were elevated in 10 per cent of the patients with no tumor (group 1), 25 per cent with superficial neoplasms (group 2) and 89 per cent with infiltrating or metastatic disease (group 3), which compared favorably to elevated serum immune complexes in 20, 25 and 33 per cent of the patients, respectively. ", "The incidence of urinary immune complexes was statistically significant when compared in patients with and without active tumors (p less than 0.03), and when group 3 patients were compared to those in group 1 or 2 (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.03, respectively). ", "Unlike serum immune complexes urinary immune complexes appeared to correlate with the presence and stage of bladder cancer." ]

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[ "// test for libsass 694:\n// parser should be smarter about handling quoted quotes\n\n$str: '{' + '\"foo\": \"bar\"' + '}';\n$str2: '\"hello world\"';\n$str3: \"hello world\";\n.interpolation-test {\n test: \"#{$str}\";\n test: \"#{$str2}\";\n test: \"#{$str3}\";\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Categories\n\nNo categories\n\nList Price $149.00 Our Price $79.00 (+Shipping $20- domestic USA)\n\nThe easiest and best way to grow clones. ", "We produce the Clone Kit out of extruded plastic, it is not vacuumed formed like the competition. ", "Vacuum formed is WEAK and CHEAP, they don’t last long, break easily, and need to be replaced often. ", "Don’t be fooled by cheap imitations made in China. ", "CLONE KIT IS MADE IN THE USA in Oakland, California! ", "out of the best materials available.", "\n\nOur Clone Kit will last for a long time and not need replacing. ", "You’ll be making clones for many years. ", "This is a must have for all gardeners!", "\n\nThe CLONE KIT comes with:\n\nTwo part cover, one for the light and one for the cloning chamber\n\nFluorescent grow light\n\nDipN Grow – clone solution\n\nSpray bottle\n\nPlant cups\n\nRockwool cubes ( 8 cubes)\n\nThermometer\n\nSuper heavy duty ABS plastic tray\n\nTray liner\n\nHeat mat\n\nHanger bracket\n\nSubscribe to our mailing list, learn more about cloning and get special deals!" ]

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[ "These statements have not been evaluated by The Food and Drug Administration. ", "Our products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. ", "Under no circumstances does EnerHealth Botanicals imply that any and all products and formulas are meant to diagnose , treat, cure or prevent any diseases. ", "Due to these restrictions and limitations we are not making any medical claims whatsoever. ", "As a user you acknowledge that the information contained within this website is not intended to be nor is to be treated as a substitute for professional medical advice relative to a specific medical condition or question." ]

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[ "<!", "DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n\n<head>\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\" />\n <title>配置选项</title>\n</head>\n\n<body>\n <div id=\"app-container\"></div>\n</body>\n\n</html>" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Alternative search engine Qwiki is now open to the public\n\nQwiki, an innovative search product, is a service that from its very inception has been the target of praise. ", "The company won the most recent TechCrunch Disrupt, putting them under a large spotlight.", "\n\nWe gave away 500 alpha invites when the service was young. ", "Today the company is leaving its private alpha and is opening to the world. ", "Qwiki, if you did not know, does this:\n\nQwiki is software that strings together content from sites such as Wikipedia, Google, Fotopedia and YouTube, and presents that content in a narrated, multimedia format called a “Qwiki.”", "\n\nIf you have never used it, it is nothing at all like a regular search engine. ", "You enter a term, and a narrated slideshow is read to you. ", "The aggregated information that is presented is both concise, and in-depth. ", "Aside from the robot-voice that can be awkward, Qwiki has become a very powerful tool.", "\n\nThe problem with any service like Qwiki that requires results to be pre-developed is the size of its index. ", "In other words, how many entries are there in Qwiki for you to find? ", "Despite being a young company previously in private alpha, Qwiki has over 3 million entries, built based on search term popularity, meaning that most of the time Qwiki will have what you are looking for.", "\n\nHere at TNW we have long been fans of the Qwiki service, so much so that we think that it is a ripe acquisition target for Microsoft’s Bing empire.", "\n\nToday’s release out of beta also includes a number of new features for the service, including “the ability to embed links, share Qwikis with others online, contribute content and view a clickable list of all of the information contained within each Qwiki.”", "\n\nWhat are you waiting for, go to Qwiki and see if there is a page dedicated to you. ", "This one is all mine. ", "Note: the service is set to leave private alpha at 12 pm PST. ", "When you read this, if it is not live, they are running behind schedule." ]

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[ "Apple is building a $1.375 billion center near Des Moines, Iowa, after having secured more than $200 million in tax credits from local government.", "\n\nThe Iowa Economic Development Authority (IEDA) said today that Apple will soon purchase 2,000 acres of land in Waukee, a fast-growing suburb of Des Moines. ", "That land will hold two data centers that will serve North American users of iMessage, Siri, the App Store, and other Apple services.", "\n\nThe data center will support 157 jobs paying $7.8 million in wages, according to IEDA. ", "The facilities will run entirely on renewable energy, as do other Apple data centers. (", "Wind energy is big in the Hawkeye State.)", "\n\nAs a sweetener for the deal, Apple will get a rebate of $19.6 million in state sales taxes and a $188 million break on property taxes from Waukee, according to reports in Reuters and The Associated Press . ", "It amounts to a 71-percent abatement on property taxes over 20 years.", "\n\nApple will spend $110 million to acquire and prepare the land, economic development officials told Reuters. ", "Then it will spend about $620 million on construction, $600 million on computer equipment, and $45 million on other equipment.", "\n\nFacebook, Google, and Microsoft all maintain data centers in Iowa already. ", "In addition to generous tax breaks, the state offers crop land that can be developed, high-speed fiber optics, inexpensive wind-generated electricity, and relative safety from natural disasters.", "\n\nThe Des Moines Register published certain details of the deal yesterday and said the Waukee City Council will consider the matter today, as will the IEDA (PDF).", "\n\n\"This announcement further solidifies Iowa as a hub where innovation and technology flourish and demonstrates this is a place where world-class companies can thrive,\" said Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds.", "\n\nThe Apple deal is strictly tax breaks, unlike a controversial deal for Foxconn currently being debated in Wisconsin. ", "That deal, which has not yet been approved by the legislature, promises Foxconn as much as $2.85 billion in cash payments from Wisconsin taxpayers in return for building a liquid-crystal display plant." ]

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[ "Monte Carlo Simulation of Low-Count Signals in Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to Single-Particle Detection.", "\nMany modern time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) instruments use fast analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) with high-speed digitizers to record mass spectra with extended dynamic range (compared to time-to-digital conversion). ", "The extended dynamic range offered by ADC detection is critical for accurate measurement of transient events. ", "However, the use of ADC also increases the variance of the measurements by sampling the gain statistics of electron multipliers (EMs) used for detection. ", "The influence of gain statistics on the shape of TOF signal distributions is especially pronounced at low count rates and is a major contributor to measurement variance. ", "Here, we use Monte Carlo methods to simulate low-ion-count TOFMS signals as a function of Poisson statistics and the measured pulse-height distribution (PHD) of the EM detection system. ", "We find that a compound Poisson distribution calculated via Monte Carlo simulation effectively describes the shape of measured TOFMS signals. ", "Additionally, we apply Monte Carlo simulation results to single-particle inductively coupled plasma (sp-ICP) TOFMS analysis. ", "We demonstrate that subtraction of modeled TOFMS signals can be used to quantitatively uncover particle-signal distributions buried beneath dissolved-signal backgrounds. ", "On the basis of simulated signal distributions, we also calculate new critical values ( LC) that are used as decision thresholds for the detection of discrete particles. ", "This new detection criterion better accounts for the shape of dissolved signal distributions and therefore provides more robust identification of single particles with ICP-TOFMS." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "---\nabstract: 'We analyze some unphysical features of the geodesic approach to matter coupling in a compactified Kaluza-Klein scenario, like the q/m puzzle and the huge massive modes. ", "We propose a new approach, based on Papapetrou multipole expansion, that provides a new equation for the motion of a test particle. ", "We show how this equation provides right couplings and does not generate huge massive modes.'", "\naddress: |\n 1- ICRA—International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Physics Department (G9), University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5\\\n Rome, I-00185, Italy.\\\n valentino.lacquaniti@icra.it, montani@icra.it\\\n 2- Physics Department \"\\`E.Amaldi \"\\`, University of Rome, “Roma Tre”, Via della Vasca Navale 84\\\n Rome, I-00146, Italy\\\n 3-LAPTH -9, Chemin de Bellevue BP 110 74941\\\n Annecy Le Vieux Cedex, France\\\n 4-ENEA- C. R. Frascati ( Department F. P. N. ), via E.Fermi 45\\\n I-00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy\\\n 5-ICRANet - C.C. Pescara, Piazzale della Repubblica 10\\\n I-65100, Pescara, Italy \nauthor:\n- 'Valentino Lacquaniti$^{1,2,3}$, Giovanni Montani$^{1,4,5}$'\ntitle: 'On matter coupling in 5D Kaluza-Klein model'\n---\n\n {#section .unnumbered}\n\nThe standard approach to the test particle dynamics in General Relativity relies in the equivalence between the geodesic trajectory, driven by the Action $S_{g}=\\int \\,ds$, and the physical motion of the particle, governed by the Action $S=-mS_g$. Thus, the simplest choice to study a 5D test particle in Kaluza-Klein ( KK ) model ([@kk],[@phi]) is to generalize this approach; therefore we assume that the dynamics is driven by the Action S\\_5=-ds\\_5 ds\\_5\\^2=ds\\^2-\\^2(ekA\\_dx\\^+dx\\^5). ", "\\[azgeod5\\] Here $ds_5$ is the 5D line element, $A_{\\mu}$ is the electromagnetic field, $\\phi$ the extra scalar field allowed in modern KK theories ([@phi],[@lm]), and $ek$ is a dimensional constant that can be related to the present observed value of $G$ via $4G_{obs}=(ek)^2\\phi^2c^4$. Finally, $\\tilde{m}$ is an unknown constant mass parameter: an important point, indeed, is to determine whether $\\tilde{m}$ represents the physical rest mass of the reduced 4D particle. ", "The first step is, however, to calculate the Eulero-Lagrange equations associated to the Action (\\[azgeod5\\]), and $\\tilde{m}$ will not appear in the outcome. ", "After calculation we have a set of five equations: =0 ,=F\\^u\\_( )+(u\\^u\\^-g\\^)( )\\^2. ", "\\[oldeq\\] where $F^{\\munu} $ is the Faraday tensor, $\\frac{D}{Ds}$ is the covariant derivative along the path and $w_5=J_{A5}\\frac{dx^A}{ds_5}$ ( where $J_{AB}$ is the 5D metrics and $A,B=0,1,2,3,5$), $u^{\\mu}=\\frac{dx^{\\mu}}{ds}$. Hence we have $w_5$ as a constant of motion from the first equation, and moreover it is possible to show that $w_5$ is a scalar; thus, other equation describes the motion of a 4D particle and we can recognize the electrodynamics coupling, in terms of the charge and the physical rest mass, once we define $\\frac{q}{mc^2}= ekw_5(1+\\frac{w_5^2}{\\phi^2})^{-\\frac12}$. Unfortunately, recalling the value of $ek$, we get the following bound: $$\\frac{q^2}{4Gm^2}=\\frac{w_5^2}{\\phi^2}\\frac{1}{1+\\frac{w_5^2}{\\phi^2}}<1.$$ Such a bound is violated by every known elementary particle. ", "Therefore, although the geodesic approach provides an equation with the correct structure, it yields unphysical coupling. ", "The problem of huge massive modes is strictly linked to the $q/m$ puzzle. ", "Indeed, by considering the Action (\\[azgeod5\\]) and addressing the Hamiltonian procedure, we get the conjugate momenta and the 5D dispersion relation $P_AP^A=\\tilde{m}^2$. Via the canonical quantization, we get a 5D Klein-Gordon equation whose Lagrangian reads $\\mathcal{L}=J^{AB}(\\d_{A}\\zeta)(\\d_B\\zeta)^+-\\tilde{m}^2\\zeta\\zeta^+$, where a generic complex scalar field ( as toy model ) is concerned. ", "Now, considering a KK field, i.e. $\\zeta(x^{\\mu},x^5)=\\eta(x^{\\mu})e^{ip_5x^5}$, where $p_5$ is scalar and conserved, the reduced Lagrangian reads: =g\\^(-i\\_-ekp\\_5A\\_)\\^+-(\\^2+). ", "We recognize a U(1) gauge invariant Lagrangian where the reduced field $\\eta$ acquires a charge $ekp_5$ and a mass term $m^2=(\\m^2+\\frac{p_5^2}{\\phi^2})$; the ratio $q/m$ fits to the result previously obtained for the motion of the test particle, but is clear now that $\\m$ does not represent the correct rest mass for the particle. ", "Hence $\\m$ is an unknown 5D mass whose physical meaning is not clearly established within this scheme. ", "Moreover, requiring the compactness of the fifth dimension, we get the quantization of $p_5$, and so on of the charge. ", "Thus, the discretization of $p_5$ gives rise to a tower of modes for the mass term $m$; fixing the minimum value of $p_5$ via the elementary charge $e$ we get the extra dimension size below our observational limit, but, at the same way, we get huge massive modes beyond the Planck scale. ", "Therefore, the problem of the charge-mass ratio is strictly linked to the problem of massive modes. ", "Indeed, the puzzle of matter coupling is an historical problem of KK models ([@matterproblem]).\\\nWe have to admit that the 5D geodesic approach does not provide the correct dynamics for the particle, i.e. the trajectory of the 5D particle is no more the 5D geodesic. ", "Our idea is to face the problem of the test particle and its rest mass, within the multipole expansion scheme of Papapetrou ([@pap]), that is more general than the geodesic approach. ", "Then, given a generic 5D matter tensor $T^{AB}$, we state the following model: $$D_AT^{AB}=0,\\quad\\d_5T^{AB}=0.$$ The first equation is the conservation law, while the second equation is given for consistency with the cylindricity hypothesis. ", "The KK reduction of the first equation yields the following set: \\_ j\\^=0, \\_T\\^=()T\\^+g\\^()T\\_[55]{}+\\^3F\\^ j\\_ . ", "where $ j_{\\mu}=-ek\\frac{T_5^{\\mu}}{\\phi^3}$. Now, we assume that matter tensor is peaked in a thin tube centered around a 4D trajectory $X^{\\mu}$ and negligible outside. ", "This is consistent with the cylindricity hypothesis, i.e. the unobservability of extra-dimension, and with the phenomenological request that we observe trajectories only in our 4D space. ", "Then, after we integrate over the space, we perform a Taylor expansion of center $X^{\\mu}$ , i.e. $x^{\\mu}=X^{\\mu}+\\delta x^{\\mu}$. At the lowest order the equation of motion reads (mu\\^)=23()\\^3mu\\^+g\\^()A+qF\\^u\\_, \\[moto1\\] where $ds^2=g_{\\munu}dX^{\\mu}dX^{\\nu}$, $u^{\\mu}=\\frac{dX^{\\mu}}{ds}$, $\\frac{D}{Ds}$ is the covariant derivative along the path, and we have defined the scalar quantities $m$, $q$, $A$ : m=d\\^3x q=-ekd\\^3xA=u\\^0d\\^3x By requiring $u_\\mu\\frac{Du^{\\mu}}{Ds}=0$ we find the new relevant condition =(-). ", "\\[massvar\\] and finally we can recast the equation of motion as follows, with no explicit derivative of mass: m=A(g\\^-u\\^u\\^)+qF\\^u\\_. ", "\\[neweq\\] Let us now compare the old equation (\\[oldeq\\]) to this new one (\\[neweq\\]). ", "We recognize that i) they show the same dynamical structure but coupling factors are not the same ii) in (\\[neweq\\]) we have three factors that are defined in terms of independent degrees of freedom of the matter tensor , therefore are not correlated each to other, while in the geodesic approach $q$ and $m$ were both defined in terms of $p_5$ ( so giving the upper bound ): therefore now no bound arises iii) q is conserved due to the presence of a conserved current ( gauge theory ); A is not constant but in principle there is no symmetry requiring its conservation iv) mass is not conserved and this is indeed the relevant feature of this new equation. ", "Anyway there is no reason to require in principle the conservation of $m$. Indeed this approach shows that the physical motion in a 5D space is not the geodesic one; the reason is that in 5D KK model the 5D Equivalence Principle is violated ([@lm]); therefore mass is not necessarily a constant. ", "The conservation of mass, however can be restored if we take $\\phi=1$ or $A=2m\\phi^2$. Finally, in support of these observations we shows how this approach does not generate huge massive modes. ", "The equation (\\[neweq\\]) admits the following Action: $$S=-\\int\\!\\!\\! ", "m\\,d\\,s+q(A_{\\mu}dx^{\\mu}+dx^{5}),$$ where $m$ has to be regarded as a variable function whose derivative reads $$\\d_{\\mu}m=\\frac{\\d_{\\mu}\\phi}{\\phi^3}A+\\frac23 u_{\\mu}\\frac{d}{ds}\\left(\\frac{1}{\\phi^3}\\right)\\phi^3m.$$ After calculating Lagrangian, Hamiltonian and momenta we have: $$P_AP^A=m^2-\\frac{q^2}{\\phi^2} \\quad \\Rightarrow \\quad g^{\\munu}\\Pi_{\\mu}\\Pi_{\\nu}=m^2,$$ where $ P_5=q$, $ \\Pi_{\\mu}=mu_{\\mu}=P_{\\mu}-qA_{\\mu}$. Therefore, in the resulting Klein-Gordon equation we now have the counter term $-\\frac{q^2}{\\phi^2}$ that rules out the huge massive modes. ", "In our opinion this approach, even if not definitive, provides a simple solution for the historical matter problem in KK model, without removing the hypothesis of the compactification. ", "Thus, from a theoretical point of view it enforces the physical meaning of KK theories and deserves a detailed investigation, also in view of its multidimensional extension. ", "Promising perspectives appear the search of correct currents associated with gauge symmetries in multidimensional KK models, the analysis of the complete cosmological solution with matter, and the comparison to models for dark energy with mass varying particles ([@amendola]).", "\n\n[00]{}\n\nT.Kaluza, On the Unity Problem of Physics, *Sitzungseber. ", "Press. ", "Akad. ", "Wiss. ", "Math. ", "Phys.* ", "966-972 (1921) \\[Reprinted in T.Appelquist *et al.* (", "eds.), *", "Modern Kaluza-Klein Theories* (Addison-Wesley, 1987)\\].\\\nO.Klein, *Z. F. Physik* **37**, 895 (1926).\\\nO.Klein, *Nature* **118**, 516 (1926).\\\nG. Montani, *Int. ", "Journ. ", "Theor. ", "Phys.* **", "44**, 653 (2005). ", "T. Appelquist, A. Chodos, P. Frund, *Modern Kaluza-Klein Theories*. ", "Addison Wesley (1987)\\\nF. Cianfrani, A. Marrocco, G. Montani, *Int. ", "J. Mod. ", "Phys. ", "D* **14**, 1195-1231 (2005). ", "V. Lacquaniti, G. Montani, *Int. ", "J. Mod. ", "Phys. ", "D* **15**(4), 577 (2006). ", "J.Van Dongen, *Stud. ", "Hist. ", "Phil. ", "Mod. ", "Phys.* **", "33**, 185 (2002).\\\nJ. Overduin, P. Wesson, *Phys. ", "Rept.* **", "283**, 303-380 (1997). ", "A. Papapetrou, *Proc. ", "Phys. ", "Soc.* **", "64**, 57 (1951). ", "L. Amendola, *Phys. ", "Rev. D* **60**, 043501 (1999).\\\nG. W. Anderson, S. M. Carroll, *Dark matter with time-dependent mass*, available on arXiv:astro-ph/9711288 (1997).", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }

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[ "1982 Sligo Intermediate Football Championship\n\nThis is a round-up of the 1982 Sligo Intermediate Football Championship. ", "Easkey reclaimed their place in Senior football after a victory over near neighbours Castleconnor, and gained revenge for their boardroom elimination the previous year.", "\n\nQuarter finals\n\nSemi-Finals\n\nSligo Intermediate Football Championship Final\n\nExternal links\n\nSligo Intermediate Football Championship\nCategory:Sligo Intermediate Football Championship" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Platelets are the second most abundant cell in the blood and maintain arterial vessel wall integrity. ", "Formation of the platelet plug at the site of vessel wall damage is a multi-step process of tethering and attachment followed by activation that causes the release of both the α- and δ-granules. ", "Platelets are anucleate and formed in large numbers in the bone marrow by polyploid precursor cells, named megakaryocytes (MKs). ", "The lack of adequate numbers or impaired function of platelets can result in bleeding. ", "GPS was first defined in 1971 when it was observed that in some cases with an inherited bleeding disorder a May-Grünwald-Giemsa stained blood smear showed gray platelets with increased diameter^[@R1]^. Electron microscopic studies revealed a complete lack of α-granules in most cases^[@R2]^ ([Fig. ", "1a](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Since the α-granule protein cargo is essential to the development of a robust platelet plug, GPS cases are symptomatic at platelet count levels that are typically not associated with bleeding. ", "Proteins normally only released upon platelet activation are spontaneously released from MKs; most likely because of the lack of α-granules^[@R3]^.\n\nA recent study established significant linkage of a locus on chromosome 3p21 to GPS, but the causative gene has remained elusive so far^[@R4],[@R5]^. We therefore sequenced the exomes of four unrelated cases with GPS ([Supplementary Table 1](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}-[2](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}, [Supplementary Fig. ", "1](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}, [Supplementary Note](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}), using the Agilent SureSelect protocol to enrich for 39.3 Mb of coding sequence and the Illumina GAII platform^[@R6]^. GPS is an extremely rare disorder, illustrated by the fact that there are about 30 documented cases in France; cases typically occur in families consistent with a recessive disorder^[@R4]^. We hypothesized that the causative variants would be novel, and filtered out variants seen previously and those not likely to affect protein function ([Online Methods](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "Assuming a recessive mode of inheritance we required at least two novel mutations per individual in the same gene.", "\n\nWe found that only for the Neurobeachin-like 2 gene (*NBEAL2*), encoding a member of the family of BEACH domain containing proteins, on chromosome 3 (3p21) all cases had at least two novel mutations with a predicted functional consequence for the protein, with two homozygous cases and two compound heterozygotes ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}, [Fig. ", "1b](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "All mutations and genotypes were confirmed by capillary sequencing (not shown). ", "Based on theoretical calculations we estimate that the probability of the observed mutation pattern occurring by chance is \\~5 × 10^−11^ ([Supplementary Note](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "Furthermore, we established correct segregation in a further five relatives, two unaffected and three affected ones, in pedigrees A, B and C and identified the affected father (B.I.2) of case B.II.3 as homozygous for the causative mutation, compatible with the known consanguinity in this pedigree ([Supplementary Note](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "The mutations were at eight different locations in the 2,754 amino acid long Nbeal2 protein and were absent in 994 low-pass samples from the main phase of the 1000 Genomes Project^[@R7]^. Except for mutation G2553E in case D.II.3, all affected residues for the nsSNPs are highly conserved, as well as the splice site disrupted by the 7-base pair insertion in the same case ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}, [Supplementary Fig. ", "2](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}-[9](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "The eight mutations affect multiple exons of *NBEAL2* and multiple protein domains, with the P2100L and S2269L variants being located in the BEACH domain itself. ", "Modeling based on the fold of the homologous PH-BEACH structure from NBEA^[@R8]^ (\\>50% identity at the amino acid level) shows that the environment of the former mutation would introduce clashes in a tightly-packed location of a hydrophobic pocket and the latter would potentially lead to local changes in conformation ([Supplementary Fig. ", "10](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}).", "\n\nTo verify the biological importance we silenced the *nbeal2* orthologous gene by injecting specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) into one cell stage zebrafish embryos ([Supplementary Fig. ", "11](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "This resulted in a lineage-specific effect with a complete abrogation of thrombocyte formation, but normal erythropoiesis ([Fig. ", "1c, d](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Spontaneous bleeding in the tail was observed in 41% of the embryos ([Fig. ", "1e](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [Supplementary Fig. ", "11](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "The phenotype in MO-injected zebrafish is more severe than the observed phenotype of GPS cases, which may be expected due to the difference between a null-phenotype in zebrafish and a loss of function one in the GPS cases. ", "Although the experiment did not address the function of α-granules in thrombocytes, these results support the essential role of the Nbeal2 protein in thrombopoiesis and the etiology of GPS.", "\n\nOther members of the family of BEACH domain proteins include Nbea, Nbeal1, Lrba and Lyst ([Supplementary Fig. ", "12](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}) and are believed to be important in membrane protein trafficking^[@R9]^. Like other BEACH members except for *NBEAL1*, *NBEAL2* is expressed in MKs and indeed is upregulated during megakaryopoiesis ([Supplementary Fig. ", "13](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}-[14](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "Mutations in other BEACH members affect vesicle function in both man and mice. ", "Haplo-insufficiency of the *NBEA* gene caused by a chromosomal rearrangement in an individual with extreme autism was associated with atypical platelet δ-granules, suggestive of a possible role of Nbea in their formation^[@R10]^, while the platelet α-granules were normal. ", "In contrast with *Nbea*, which in mouse is required for the formation and functioning of central neuronal synapses^[@R11]^, *NBEAL2* is not expressed in fetal and whole brain ([Supplementary Fig. ", "15](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}), consistent with the lack of neurological phenotypes in cases with GPS. ", "Mutations in the *LYST* gene that result in the truncation of the BEACH/WD40 domains or the total absence of the Lyst protein lead to a dysregulation of lysosomal trafficking and are causative of Chediak-Higashi syndrome^[@R12]^, for which symptoms include a platelet-type bleeding due to inadequate formation of δ-granules^[@R13]^. However, there was no previously known function for *NBEAL2* and it is has not been associated with common or rare disease, and is absent from any of the 68 quantitative trait loci that were identified in a recent GWAS meta-analysis for the number and volume of platelets in 68,000 healthy individuals (N. Soranzo, unpublished data). ", "Taken together, these findings are consistent with a role for Nbeal2 in the development or secretion of platelet α-granules, whereby individuals with recessive mutations have impaired platelet activation and plug formation, resulting in a propensity for bleeding.", "\n\nOur result is supported by the findings of two previous linkage studies. ", "Gunay *et al.* ", "found that 19 affected individuals in 11 out of 14 pedigrees (one being case A.I.3 from this study) analyzed in total were homozygous in the region chr3:42688625-52061914 on 3p21, which contains *NBEAL2*, together with a significant linkage of log-odds (LOD) ratio of 7.2 in the largest pedigree^[@R4]^. They sequenced 69% of all exons in the homozygous interval, but no gene was identified. ", "In a separate linkage study, Fabbro *et al.* ", "reported a LOD score of 2.7 for the same locus and subsequently identified four affected individuals from two pedigrees that were completely homozygous and one individual that was mostly homozygous for the region chr3:48487338-50187790, which does not include *NBEAL2*^[@R5]^. Targeted next-generation resequencing of this region did not identify a causative gene. ", "Interestingly, the segregation pattern inferred from microsatellite markers in the two pedigrees is consistent with compound heterozygosity for an interval that does contain *NBEAL2*, and based on mixed ethnicity in one pedigree the authors raised this as a possibility^[@R5]^.\n\nIn summary, we identified multiple novel mutations in *NBEAL2*, a gene with no previously known function, in Gray Platelet Syndrome, a known recessive disorder. ", "It is consistent with an important role for Nbeal2 in the formation of α-granules and this discovery may lead to the development of a novel generation of safer anti-platelet drugs for use in the treatment of individuals with heart attacks and stroke. ", "A comparison with two previous linkage studies demonstrates the power of directly observing sequence variation for resolving complex segregation patterns, in particular combinations of compound heterozygosity and homozygosity.", "\n\nMethods {#S1}\n=======\n\nSequencing {#S2}\n----------\n\nWe applied the Agilent SureSelect protocol (Agilent, South Queensferry, UK, catalogue no. ", "G3362A) to enrich for 39.3 Mb of sequence covering 740K exons in 79K transcripts from a highly redundant set of 34,642 genes. ", "The enriched DNA was sequenced on the Illumina GAII platform (Illumina, Little Chesterford, UK). ", "We generated 11.7-13.4 Gb of sequence per individual, resulting in a mean coverage of 103-112-fold and 88.3-92.3% of the sites within 25 bp of the targets covered at least ten-fold.", "\n\nSequence analysis {#S3}\n-----------------\n\nThe sequence analysis was divided into three phases with the first one consisting of aligning and recalibrating the reads to produce a BAM file^[@R15]^. The second phase consisted of calling the sequence variants using various algorithms. ", "The third phase consisted of filtering the set of variants.", "\n\nFirst phase: The FastQ files generated by the sequencing pipeline were aligned to reference NCBI build 37 using the Stampy read mapper^[@R16]^.For each lane independently, the reads were realigned around known insertions and deletions (indels) (1000 Genomes pilot project,^[@R7]^), followed by base quality recalibration using the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK)^[@R17]^.After merging the different lanes, duplicates were flagged using the Picard software package^[@R18]^ and excluded from subsequent analyses.", "\n\nSecond phase: Indels were called using Dindel^[@R19]^ on each sample independently.", "The reads were realigned in the BAM files produced in phase 1 around the indels called by Dindel using the GATK, in order to reduce alignment artefacts around all indels found in a sample.", "The GATK software package and SAMtools were used to call Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)^[@R15]^. We called SNPs both for each sample independently and jointly using all samples. ", "Furthermore, SNPs were called both from the BAM files produced in phase 1 and in step 2 of the second phase, so that SNPs were called using six different approaches. ", "The joint calling was performed using exome sequencing results of 32 additional DNA samples from individuals with unrelated clinical phenotypes on the realigned BAM files produced in step 2 of the second phase.", "We required a minimum variant quality of 20, which corresponds to a 99% confidence level. ", "Furthermore, we removed variants with more than 10 reads with mapping quality 0 as a proxy for regions in the genome where mappings are likely unreliable.", "\n\nThird phase: Variants that did not overlap the targeted regions ±25 bp were filtered and not considered in further analyses.", "We predicted the functional consequence of SNPs and small indels using the Ensembl Variation API^[@R20]^.We considered only non-synonymous (ns) SNPs, SNPs introducing a premature stop-codon, indels in protein coding sequence, and variants affecting 3′UTRs and essential splice sites.", "Each variation was annotated for presence in databases of genetic variation. ", "Any variant found to be present was not considered as a candidate for GPS. ", "The following public databases were used: dbSNP131, SNPs from 8 HapMap exomes^[@R21]^, the 1000 Genomes pilot project SNPs and indels^[@R7]^. In addition to these public resources we made also use of the variation data observed in 354 exomes from the CoLaus cohort, which have been sequenced at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute as part of a partnership between the Sanger Institute, the CoLaus principal investigators (P Vollenweider, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) (V Mooser, GSK, Philadelphia, USA)^[@R14]^. We also used as a filter the variants called on 32 exomes sequenced on the same platform for unrelated studies, which allowed us to correct for systematic errors in the variant calling.", "\n\nStatistical significance of observed mutations {#S4}\n----------------------------------------------\n\nWe estimated the significance of the novel mutations identified in the four exome-sequenced GPS cases using a dynamic programming approach based on the coalescent. ", "The coalescent is a mathematical description of the notion that ultimately all individuals are related through a single common ancestor^[@R22]^.\n\nSince the observed mutation pattern is extremely rare and generally would only expected to be seen by conditioning on a rare event, for instance the presence of a rare phenotype, permutation analyses would not provide an accurate estimate of the significance.", "\n\nWe therefore assume a population of *N~a~* chromosomes of affected individuals, and *N~u~* chromosomes of unaffected individuals. ", "The infinite site model provides an estimate of the number of variable sites in genomic segment of length *L* through the population-scaled mutation rate *θ*. ", "The relationship *θ* = *4N~e~μ*, relates the population scaled mutation rate to *N~e~*, the effective population size, and *μ,* the per-generation mutation rate. ", "Here, we assumed an effective population size of 23000, which is based on the mutation rate *μ*=1.1 × 10^−8^ estimated from trios^[@R7]^ and a heterozygosity of 0.001 for SNPs. ", "We use the standard expression for the probability density of the number of variable sites in the infinite sites model and the allele frequency prior given that a site is variable (see e.g. Wakeley *et al*. ", "^[@R22]^).", "\n\nThe purpose of the dynamic programming is to calculate the probability that given *k* previous sites, the next variable site *k+1* is a site with frequency count at most *f~max~*, and that the derived allele is present only on chromosomes of affected individuals; conditional on this event, we calculate the probability that such a mutation at site *k+1* is present on the chromosomes of affected individuals that had no previous mutations (up to site *k*) satisfying the same criteria. ", "Weighted by the probability of observing *k* variable sites, this then provides an estimate of the probability that all chromosomes of affected individuals carry at least one mutation of frequency at most *f~max~* and not present in controls.", "\n\nZebrafish experiments {#S5}\n---------------------\n\n### Zebrafish husbandry {#S6}\n\nGeneral maintenance, collection, and staging of the wild type and transgenic *Tg(cd41:EGFP)* zebrafish were carried out according to the Zebrafish Book^[@R23]^. Embryos were maintained in egg water (60 mg/L Red Sea salts) at 28°C until the appropriate stage.", "\n\n### O-Dianisidine staining {#S7}\n\nO-Dianisidine staining for haemoglobin was performed as previously described^[@R24]^. In brief, unfixed embryos were dechorionated and stained for 10 minutes in the dark, with a solution consisting of o-Dianisidine (0.7 mg/ml), 0.01 M sodium acetate (pH 4.5), 0.65% hydrogen peroxide and 45% (vol/vol) ethanol. ", "Photomicrographs were taken with a Zeiss camera AxioCam HRC attached to a LeicaMZ16 FA dissecting microscope.", "\n\n### Nbeal2 antisense oligonucleotides {#S8}\n\nMorpholinos (MO) targeting zebrafish *nbeal2* atg (5′-TCGAAGCCATTCTCCCTCGCCCTTC-3′) and standard control MO (5′-CCTCTTACCTCAGTTACAATTTATA-3′) were obtained from GeneTools LLC (Philomath, Oregon). ", "The MO were resuspended in sterile water and approximately 0.8 nl was injected in zebrafish embryos, at the one cell stage. ", "For both *nbeal2* atg MO and the standard control MO a concentration of 1 *μ*g/*μ*l was used.", "\n\nExpression of BEACH domain containing genes in tissues {#S9}\n------------------------------------------------------\n\n### Transcript profiling of blood cells and blood cell precursors {#S10}\n\nData about transcript levels of in the above cells were extracted from a compendium of expression data sets generated by the Bloodomics Consortium and which in part have been released via Array Express at the European Bioinformatics Institute ([www.ebi.ac.uk](http://www.ebi.ac.uk)). ", "Two main datasets have been used in this study: i) the HaemAtlas^[@R25]^ which encompasses the results of whole genome expression (WGE) studies performed with RNA samples from the eight main blood cell types, including megakaryocytes (MKs) and erythroblasts (EBs) and ii) the WGE results obtained with the RNA samples from CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and from a study of paired HSC cultures that were differentiated towards MKs and EBs. ", "Cells were harvested during the 10-day culture at five time points in time (days 3, 5, 7, 9 and 10).", "\n\n#### HaemAtlas^[@R25]^ {#S11}\n\nThe purification of blood cells is described in^[@R25]^. In short, RNA was isolated from the six main blood cell types (CD4+ Th (CD4, n=7) and CD8+ Tc lymphocytes (CD8, n=7), CD14+ monocytes (CD14, n=7), CD19+ B lymphocytes (CD19, n=7), CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells (CD56, n=7) and CD66b+ granulocytes (CD66, n=7) obtained from seven healthy blood donors from the Cambridge BioResource and from MKs and EBs. ", "The latter two cells were obtained by cultures of cord blood-derived CD34^+^ HSCs. ", "MKs were obtained by cultures for 7 days in a medium supplemented with human recombinant thrombopoietin (THPO) and interleukin-1ß (IL1B) and the latter by cultures for 10 days in the presence of erythropoietin (EPO), interleukin-3 (IL3) and stem cell factor (SCF). ", "To ensure high level purity preparations of both MKs and EBs, cells were flow-sorted using monoclonal antibodies against CD markers: MKs were positive for CD41 and negative for CD34; EBs were negative for CD41 and positive for CD235a. ", "RNA was prepared from two sets of four cell preparations each.", "\n\n#### Platelet Whole-Genome Expression data {#S12}\n\nPlatelet RNA was isolated using a Trizol standard protocol. ", "Total RNA was quantified using the NanoDrop (Labtech International) and quality-checked using the 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies). ", "Standard protocols were applied to generate biotinylated cRNA and hybridize to Illumina BeadChips HumanWG-6 v2. ", "Then, arrays were washed and scanned. ", "All experimental procedures were carried out according to the manufacturer's protocol.", "\n\n#### Time-course study of MK and EB cultures {#S13}\n\nTo capture changes in transcript levels over time during the proliferation and differentiation of HSCs towards MKs and EBs paired cultures were generated as described above using CD34+ HSCs from three cord blood donations. ", "Umbilical cord blood of three healthy newborns was collected into cord blood collections bags (MacoPharma, Mouvaux, France) with parental informed consent. ", "CD34+ HSCs were prepared as in^[@R26]^ and 92-98% pure CD34+ HSCs were *in vitro* cultured (1×10^5^/ml) for 10 days in serum-free media (CellGro-SCGM, Cellgenix, France) supplemented with 50 ng/ml THPO (CellGenix, France) and 10 ng/ml IL1B (Miltenyi Biotech, Surrey, UK) to differentiate into MKs. ", "EBs were *in vitro* derived from HSCs (5×10^3^/ml) in the presence of 6 U/ml EPO (R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK), 10 ng/ml IL3 (Miltenyi Biotech, Surrey, UK) and 100 ng/ml SCF (R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK). ", "MKs and EBs were harvested at day 3, 5, 7, 9 and 10 as described in^[@R26]^ and transferred for RNA isolation into a 5 ml tube, centrifuged at 500 x g for 10 min at RT, resuspended in Trizol (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK) and stored at −80°C. ", "Total RNA was isolated according to manufacturer's instructions. ", "The following murine monoclonal antibodies were used for phenotyping of both lineages at day 10: Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) IgG1 isotype control, Phycoerythrin (PE) IgG1 isotype control, Allophycocyanin (APC) IgG1 isotype control, PE-Cy5 IgG1 isotype control and Pacific Blue (PB) isotype control (BD Bioscience Pharmingen™, Becton Dickinson, Oxford, UK), anti-CD11c V450, anti-CD13 APC, anti-CD14 PB, anti-CD15 V450, anti-CD33 FITC (BD Bioscience Pharmingen™), anti-CD34 PE (Beckman Coulter, High Wycombe, UK), anti-CD36 PE, anti-CD41a APC, anti-CD42a FITC, anti-CD235a FITC and anti-CD66c PE (BD Bioscience Pharmingen™). ", "For phenotyping of cells at all other days anti-CD34 PE and anti-CD41a APC, anti-CD42a FITC and anti-CD235a FITC with matching isotype controls were used. ", "In addition, a ploidy stain of the MKs was performed at each day of harvest as described in^[@R26]^. In brief, cells were stained with anti-CD41a APC and with matched isotype control and incubated at 37°C for 30 min in 500 *μ*l PBE buffer containing 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20, RNAse A (0.1 mg/ml) and propidium iodide (0.05 mg/ml, Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK). ", "Samples were analysed using a 9-colour Cyan-ADP flow cytometer running Summit software version 4.3.02 (Beckman Coulter).", "\n\nSequencing of megakaryocyte RNA {#S14}\n-------------------------------\n\nTotal RNA was prepared from MKs that were obtained using the culture protocol described above and extraction of RNA was according to the Trizol method (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK). ", "The RNA pellet was resuspended in nuclease-free water (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) and analysis by Agilent Bioanalyser 2100 (Agilent, Waldbronn, Germany) gave a RNA integrity number (RIN)^[@R27]^ number of 8.4. ", "Following DNAse treatment (Turbo DNA-Free, Applied Biosystems), 5 *μ*g of total RNA was applied to the mRNA Sequencing kit (Illumina) following the manufacturer's instructions, except that PCR was performed before gel extraction of a band range of 300-450 bp, to obtain the purified library. ", "This was quantified by qPCR followed by paired-end sequencing by GAII analyser (Illumina).", "\n\nPaired-end 76 bp RNA-seq reads were obtained for the *in-vitro* derived MK samples (above). ", "We sequenced one lane on the Illumina GAIIx and obtained 40,539,150 reads. ", "The data were initially assessed using the FASTX-Toolkit version 0.0.13^[@R28]^ and the ShortRead^[@R29]^ package from version 2.7 of the Bioconductor project. ", "Reads were then aligned to the February 2009 Homo sapiens high coverage assembly (Hg19) using TopHat v1.2.0^[@R30]^. Default parameters allow for up to 40 alignments per read with a maximum of 2 mismatches. ", "The alignments here were produced using more stringent parameters where only a single unique alignment was allowed per read. ", "We used BEDTools^[@R31]^ to calculate the read coverage from the alignments, and visualized the results on the IGV browser^[@R32]^ using the Ensembl annotation.", "\n\nSupplementary Material {#SM}\n======================\n\nWe acknowledge Senduran Balasubramaniam, Alison Coffey, the principal investigators of the CoLaus cohort^[@R14]^, Richard Durbin, Jillian Durham, Peter Ellis, Kathleen Freson, GlaxoSmithKline collaborators, Cordelia Langford, Carol Scott for supporting different aspects of this study; see [Supplementary Note](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} for their specific contributions and for funding support.", "\n\n**Accession codes** The exome sequencing data can be found in the European Genotype Archive under accession numbers EGAN00001007686, EGAN00001001896, EGAN00001001894, and EGAN00001001895 for cases A-D respectively. ", "The genomic reference sequence for *NBEAL2* can be found under the GenBank accession number NM_015175. ", "The microarray expression data can be found under the ArrayExpress accession numbers E-TABM-633, E-MTAB-001, and E-MTAB-002.", "\n\n**Author contributions** P.N. and W.H.O. conceived and designed the study. ", "C.A.A. analyzed the sequencing data and performed statistical analysis. ", "A.C. performed the zebrafish experiments. ", "E.E.B., R.K. and J.S. performed the capillary sequencing. ", "M.K. and P.B. analyzed the RNA sequencing and expression data. ", "R.J.R. performed the protein structural modeling. ", "P.S. generated the RNA sequencing and expression data. ", "A.R. performed the microarray gene-expression analysis. ", "G.J. and B.S. performed the evolutionary analyses. ", "K.V. performed the megakaryocyte culture experiments. ", "G.K. supervised the sample collection and exome sequencing. ", "S.S. generated the whole genome expression data for platelets. ", "R.F., M.A., A.N. and P.N. recruited and clinically characterized the cases. ", "P.N. performed the electron-microscopy experiments. ", "C.A.A., A.C., P.N. and W.H.O. wrote the manuscript.", "\n\n{ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}) explain GPS. ", "Heterozygous mutations are shown in black and homozygous ones in red. ", "InterPro protein domains are shown as colored bars above the transcript, where blue indicates the characteristic BEACH domain. ", "Sequencing reads showed that the splice and S2268L variants occurred on the same chromosome. (**", "c**) Silencing of *nbeal2* in zebrafish. ", "To assess the function of *nbeal2* in thrombopoiesis we investigated cd41 expression in caudal haematopoietic tissue (CHT) of *Tg(cd41:EGFP)* transgenic embryos, at 3 days post-fertilisation (dpf). *", "nbeal2* morpholino (MO) knockdown resulted in a complete abrogation of thrombocytes (the zebrafish equivalent of human platelets) when compared to control (white arrowhead). ", "White bars represent \\~100*μ*m. (**", "d**) Whole mount o-Dianisidine staining for mature erythrocytes at 3 dpf showed that the total number of mature erythrocytes was not affected in *nbeal2*-depleted embryos when compared to control (white arrow). (**", "e**) *nbeal2* MO-injected embryos showed normal morphological development and vigorous circulation at 3 dpf, similar to control embryos. ", "However, 41% of *nbeal2* depleted embryos (N=78), and no control embryos (N=78) developed spontaneous bleedings visible within the tail of the embryo (left column). ", "These spontaneous bleedings were confirmed with o-Dianisidine staining (right column, white arrows indicate the location of bleeding).](ukmss-35753-f0001){#F1}\n\n###### \n\nNovel variants in *NBEAL2*. ", "Chromosomal coordinates are given relative to build NCBI37 of the reference genome. ", "Functional consequences were predicted from the CCDS transcript, which was confirmed by the sequencing of MK RNA (see [Supplementary Note](#SD1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}), and were either non-synonymous (ns) or disrupting a splice site. ", "SIFT and Polyphen were used to predict deleterious impact of the mutations. ", "Conservation is defined as the number of species where the residue was identical to that in human out of the number of species that had a protein alignment at the position of the mutation, using a total of 37 species including primates, placental mammals and vertebrates. ", "The last four columns show the genotype of the four cases, where 'ref', 'het' and 'hom-alt' indicates a homozygote for the reference allele, a heterozygote and a homozygote for the alternate non-reference allele, respectively.", "\n\n Position Variant SIFT Polyphen Exon Type AA change Conservation A B C D\n ------------------- ------------ ----------- ------------------- ------- ------------- ----------- -------------- --------- --------- ----- -----\n **chr3:47030447** A/G Tolerated Benign 3 ns I86V 23/27 ref ref ref het\n **chr3:47035476** T/C Damaging Possibly damaging 11 ns L388P 33/34 hom-alt ref ref ref\n **chr3:47037233** A/T Damaging Possibly damaging 14 ns E643V 31/31 ref ref het ref\n **chr3:47037434** A/T Damaging Benign 15 ns I682F 30/32 ref hom-alt ref ref\n **chr3:47046466** C/T Damaging Probably damaging 39 ns P2100L 29/29 ref ref het ref\n **chr3:47047434** A/AGGAGTAG NA NA 42-43 splice site Intronic 31/31 ref ref ref het\n **chr3:47047440** C/T Damaging Possibly damaging 43 ns S2269L 31/31 ref ref ref het\n **chr3:47049615** G/A Tolerated Benign 50 ns G2553E 6/33 ref ref ref het\n\n[^1]: These authors contributed equally to this work.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain\n\nThe Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain (Welsh: Tri Thlws ar Ddeg Ynys Prydain) are a series of items in late medieval Welsh tradition. ", "Lists of the items appear in texts dating to the 15th and 16th centuries. ", "The number of treasures is always given as thirteen, but some later versions list different items, replacing or combining entries to maintain the number.", "\n\nList\n\nThe various treasures (tlws) include vessels or utensils for food and drink (hamper, cauldron, crock and dish, horn and knife), objects relating to weaponry (sword, whetstone) and to transport (halter, chariot), clothing (coat, mantle) and still other items (stone and ring, chessboard). ", "Most of the items are placed in the Hen Ogledd or \"Old North\", the Brittonic-speaking parts of what is now southern Scotland and Northern England; some early manuscripts refer to the whole list specifically as treasures \"that were in the North\". ", "\n\nThe number of treasures is always given as thirteen, but some later versions list different items, replacing or combining entries to maintain the number. ", "Later versions also supplement the plain list with explanatory comments about each treasure. ", "The standard version of the list includes the following treasures:\n\n1. ", " White-Hilt, the Sword of Rhydderch Hael (Dyrnwyn, gleddyf Rhydderch Hael): \"if a well-born man drew it himself, it burst into flame from its hilt to its tip. ", "And everyone who used to ask for it would receive; but because of this peculiarity everyone used to reject it. ", "And therefore he was called Rhydderch the Generous.\"", "\n\n2. ", "The Hamper of Gwyddno Garanhir (Mwys Gwyddno Garanir): food for one man would be put in it, and when it was opened, food for a hundred men would be found in it.", "\n\n3. ", "The Horn of Brân Galed from the North (Corn Brân Galed o'r Gogledd): whatever drink might be wished for was found in it.", "\n\n4. ", "The Chariot of Morgan Mwynfawr (Car Morgan Mwynfawr): if a man went in it, he might wish to be wherever he would, and he would be there quickly.", "\n\n5. ", "The Halter of Clydno Eiddyn (Cebystr Clydno Eiddin), which was fixed to a staple at the foot of his bed: whatever horse he might wish for, he would find in the halter.", "\n\n6. ", "The Knife of Llawfrodedd Farchog (Cyllell Llawfrodedd Farchog), which would serve for twenty-four men to eat at table.", "\n\n7. ", "The Cauldron of Dyrnwch the Giant (Pair Dyrnwch Gawr): if meat for a coward were put in it to boil, it would never boil; but if meat for a brave man were put in it, it would boil quickly (and thus the brave could be distinguished from the cowardly).", "\n\n8. ", "The Whetstone of Tudwal Tudglyd (Hogalen Tudwal Tudclyd): if a brave man sharpened his sword on the whetstone, then the sword would certainly kill any man from whom it drew blood. ", "If a cowardly man used the whetstone, though, his sword would refuse to draw blood at all.", "\n\n9. ", "The Coat of Padarn Beisrudd (Pais Badarn Beisrydd): if a well-born man put it on, it would be the right size for him; if a churl, it would not go upon him.", "\n\n10-11. ", "The Crock and the Dish of Rhygenydd the Cleric (Gren a desgyl Rhygenydd Ysgolhaig): whatever food might be wished for in them, it would be found.", "\n\n12. ", "The Chessboard of Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio (Gwyddbwyll Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio): if the pieces were set, they would play by themselves. ", "The board was of gold, and the men of silver.", "\n\n13 The Mantle of Arthur in Cornwall (Llen Arthyr yng Nghernyw): whoever was under it could not be seen, and he could see everyone.", "\n\n14/15. ", "Later lists also include two additional treasures, the Mantle of Tegau Eurfon, and Eluned's Stone and Ring. ", "Where these appear, one of the other treasures is dropped and the Crock and the Dish of Rhygenydd the Cleric are counted as one item. ", "The new items come from literary, rather than traditional, material; the Mantle comes from a version of the Caradoc story, while Eluned's stone and ring come from the prose tale Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain.", "\n\nDescription\n\nSome of the magical objects listed can be shown to have earlier origins in Welsh narrative tradition. ", "Items 1, 2 and 7, for instance, are also described in the Middle Welsh tale Culhwch ac Olwen (tentatively dated to c. 1100), in which Ysbaddaden the Giant gives King Arthur's cousin Culhwch a list of impossible tasks (anoetheu) which he has to complete in order to win the hand of Olwen, the giant's daughter.", "\n\nDyrnwyn, the Sword of Rhydderch Hael\nThe Dyrnwyn (\"White-Hilt\") is said to be a powerful sword belonging to Rhydderch Hael, one of the Three Generous Men of Britain mentioned in the Welsh Triads. ", "When drawn by a worthy or well-born man, the entire blade would blaze with fire. ", "Rhydderch was never reluctant to hand the weapon to anyone, hence his nickname Hael \"the Generous\", but the recipients, as soon as they had learned of its peculiar properties, always rejected the sword.", "\n\nThe Hamper of Gwyddno Garanhir\nIt is told that Gwyddno Garanhir (\"Long-shank\") possessed a hamper (mwys) which would multiply food: if one was to put food for one man in the basket and open it again, the food was found to be increased a hundredfold.", "\n\nThe Horn of Brân Galed\nThe Horn of Brân Galed (\"the Stingy\" or \"the Niggard\") from the North is said to have possessed the magical property of ensuring that \"whatever drink might be wished for was found in it\". ", "Marginal notes to the text in Peniarth MS 147 (c. 1566) elaborate on this brief entry by saying that Myrddin had approached the kings and lords of Britain to request their treasures. ", "They consented on the condition that he obtained the horn of Brân Galed, supposing that the task would be impossible to fulfill (whether owing to Brân's reputation for being close-fisted or for some other reason). ", "However, Myrddin somehow succeeded in obtaining the drinking horn and so received the other treasures as well. ", "He took his hoard to the \"Glass House\" (Tŷ Gwydr), where it would remain forever. ", "Tracing the prehistory of the horn to the Greek mythological past, the same notes tell that Hercules had removed the horn from the head of the centaur he had slain, whose wife then killed the hero in bloody revenge.", "\n\nThe discrepancy between Brân's nickname (\"the Stingy\") and the special property of the enchanted horn appears to be explained by the Welsh poet Guto'r Glyn, who lived in the mid-15th century and was therefore contemporary with the earliest attestations of the Tri Thlws ar Ddeg. ", "He relates that Brân Galed was a northern nobleman, whom Taliesin transformed into a man superior to the Tri Hael, i.e. the three most generous men in Britain according to one of the Welsh Triads. ", "Later bards to allude to the treasure include Tudur Aled and Iorwerth Fynglwyd.", "\n\nThe identity of Brân Galed (not to be confused with Brân the Blessed) is uncertain. ", "His northern background, which is usually described in general terms, is specified in one place elsewhere. ", "A 16th-century note written by the scribe Gruffudd Hiraethog (died 1564) identifies Brân as the son of one Emellyr, which appears to refer to the Brân son of Ymellyrn who is depicted in the Llywarch Hen cycle of poems as an opponent of the kings of Rheged. ", "The latter has also been equated with the Brân fighting at Cynwyd (northern Wales) in the poem Gwarchan Tudfwlch, possibly against Owain of Rheged.", "\n\nThe Chariot of Morgan Mwynfawr\nThe chariot belonging to Morgan Mwynfawr (\"the Wealthy\") is described as a magical vehicle which would quickly reach whatever destination one might wish to go to.", "\n\nThe Halter of Clydno Eiddyn\n\nBelonged to Clydno Eiddyn (Cebystr Clydno Eiddin). ", "It was fixed to a staple at the foot of his bed. ", " Whatever horse he might wish for, he would find in the halter. ", "The Halter of Clydno Eiddyn was also called The Handy Halter, for it summons fine horses.", "\n\nThe Knife of Llawfrodedd the Horseman\nLlawfrodedd Farchog (from marchog \"the Horseman\"), or Barfawc \"the Bearded\" in other manuscripts, is said to have owned a knife which would serve for a company of 24 men at the dinner table.", "\n\nThe Cauldron of Dyrnwch the Giant\nThe cauldron (pair) of Dyrnwch the Giant is said to discriminate between cowards and brave men: whereas it would not boil meat for a coward, it would boil quickly if that meat belonged to a brave man. ", "The description probably goes back to a story similar to that found in the Middle Welsh tale Culhwch ac Olwen, in which the cauldron of Diwrnach the Irishman, steward (maer) to Odgar son of Aedd, King of Ireland, is among the anoetheu which Culhwch is required to obtain for the wedding banquet. ", "King Arthur requests the cauldron from King Odgar, but Diwrnach refuses to give up his prized possession. ", "Arthur goes to visit Diwrnach in Ireland, accompanied by a small party, and is received at his house, but when Diwrnach refuses to answer Arthur's request a second time, Bedwyr (Arthur's champion) seizes the cauldron and entrusts it to one of Arthur's servants, who is to carry the load on his back. ", "In a single sweep with the sword called Caledfwlch, Llenlleawg the Irishman kills off Diwrnach and all his men. ", "A confrontation with Irish forces ensues, but Arthur and his men fight them off. ", "They board their ship Prydwen and, taking with them the cauldron loaded with the spoils of war, return to Britain.", "\n\nIn Culhwch, Diwrnach's cauldron is not attributed with any special power. ", "However, the earlier poem Preiddeu Annwfn (The Spoils of Annwfn), refers to an adventure by Arthur and his men to obtain a cauldron with magical properties equivalent to the one in the lists of the thirteen treasures. ", "In this poem the owner of the cauldron is not an Irish lord but the king of Annwn, the Welsh Otherworld, suggesting that the version of the story in Culhwch is a later attempt to euhemerize an older tale.", "\n\nDiwrnach's name, which derives from Irish Diugurach and exhibits no literary provenance, may have been selected by the author of Culhwch ac Olwen to emphasize the Irish setting of his story. ", "Although Dyrnwch is not himself described as an Irishman, it is probable that his name goes back to Diwrnach. ", "The extant manuscripts of Tri Thlws ar Ddeg also present such variant spellings as Dyrnog and Tyrnog, without the Irish-sounding ending, but on balance, these are best explained as Welsh approximations of a foreign name.", "\n\nThe Whetstone of Tudwal Tudglyd\nSharpens the blade of a fine warrior. ", "It shall draw blood from any enemy of its user if its user be brave; if its user shall be cowardly, then the blade shall not be sharpened and draw no blood whatsoever.", "\n\nThe Coat of Padarn Beisrudd\nPadarn's coat perfectly fits any brave man; will not fit cowards.", "\n\nThe Crock and Dish of Rhygenydd Ysgolhaig\nBelonged to Rhygenydd the Cleric. ", "Whatever food might be wished for in them, it would be found on them.", "\n\nChessboard of Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio \nRather large chess board with pieces of silver and crystal and the board made of gold. ", "The pieces only play by themselves if all the pieces are set up correctly.", "\n\nThe Mantle of Arthur in Cornwall\nKing Arthur's llen or mantle is said to make anyone underneath it invisible, though able to see out. ", "This item is known from two other sources, the prose tales Culhwch and Olwen (c. 1100) and The Dream of Rhonabwy (early 13th century). ", "A very similar mantle also appears in the Second Branch of the Mabinogi, in which it is used by Caswallawn to assassinate the seven stewards left behind by Bran the Blessed and usurp the throne.", "\n\nIn Culhwch Arthur's mantle is included in the list of the only things Arthur will not give to the protagonist Culhwch, but it is not named specifically or otherwise described. ", "However, the names of several of the other items contain the element gwyn, meaning \"white; sacred; blessed\", suggesting otherworldly connections for the whole list. ", "In The Dream of Rhonabwy, the mantle is specifically named Gwenn, and has properties analogous to those given in the lists of the Thirteen Treasures, though here it is those on top of the mantle who are made invisible.", "\n\nThe Mantle of Tegau Gold-Breast\nTegau Gold-Breast (Tegau Eurfron, wife of Caradoc) was a Welsh heroine. ", "Her mantle would not serve for any woman who had violated her marriage or her virginity. ", "It would reach to the ground when worn by a faithful woman but would only hang down to the lap of an unfaithful wife.", "\n\nThe Stone and Ring of Eluned the Fortunate\nOne might describe it as a ring of invisibility. ", "It's said that Merlin once possessed this item for a while.", "\n\nSee also\n Four Treasures, The four hallows of Ireland\n The Chronicles of Prydain, which includes Dyrnwyn as part of its mythos.", "\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\nPrimary sources\nTri Thlws ar Ddeg Ynys Prydain, ed. ", "and tr. ", "Rachel Bromwich, Trioedd Ynys Prydein. ", "Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1978; revised ed. ", "1991 (Critical edition of the trioedd texts with notes, first published in 1961). ", " Appendix III. ", "Edited from Cardiff MS. ", "17, pp.", " 95–6, and other variants.", "\nCulhwhc ac Olwen, ed. ", "Rachel Bromwich and D. Simon Evans, Culhwch and Olwen: An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale. ", "University of Wales Press, 1992; tr. ", "Jones and Jones, The Mabinogion.", "\nTrioedd Ynys Prydein. ", "trans. ", "and ed. ", "by Rachel Bromwich. ", "Cardiff: UWP, 1961.", "\n\nSecondary sources\nCarey, John. ", "Ireland and the Grail. ", "Aberystwyth: Celtic Studies Publications, 2007.", "\nGantz, Jeffrey (translator) (1987). ", "The Mabinogion. ", "New York: Penguin. .", "\nGreen, Thomas (2007). ", "Concepts of Arthur. ", "Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus. .", "\nJones, Mary. \"", "Tri Thlws ar Ddeg Ynys Prydain\". ", "From maryjones.us. ", "Retrieved June 16, 2009.", "\nJones, Mary. \"", "The Horn of Bran\". ", "From maryjones.us. ", "Retrieved June 17, 2009.", "\nSims-Williams, Patrick. \"", "The Significance of the Irish Personal Names in Culhwch and Olwen.\" ", "Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 29 (1982): 607-10.", "\n\nFurther reading\nBartrum, Peter C. \"Tri Thlws ar Ddeg Ynys Prydein.\" ", "Études Celtiques 10 (1963). ", "434-77.", "\nRowlands, Eurys I. \"Y Tri Thlws ar Ddeg.\" ", "Llên Cymru 5 (1958/9): 33–69, 145–7.", "\n\nCategory:Arthurian legend\nCategory:Wales-related lists\nCategory:Medieval Welsh literature\nCategory:Mythological objects\nCategory:Welsh mythology\nCategory:Hen Ogledd" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Q:\n\nMulti texture obj files?", "\n\nIm downloading some free 3d models off the internet to test things in my game. ", "When I download the package, it gives me a bunch of texture files and the obj model. ", "What I dont understand is what I do with those textures? ", "Are they used as source image files within the object? ", "If so how can I export the uv map of the model with all these textures on it? ", "Ive been trying to get a working example of this and havent been able to. ", "Can someone guide me in the right direction? ", "I edit my files with blender, and realize this question is a little bit off topic, but im lost!", "\nEDIT:\nExample of the textures I am using now:\n\nA:\n\nAn .obj model file may come with a companion file with the extension .mtl. ", "Such a file is a material library that contains entries mapping from a material name to properties, including texture filenames to use for things like diffuse and specular.", "\nIn your obj-file, there are mtllib a.mtl directives to indicate the material library to use, and usemtl aaaa directives to select which material in the library that applies to the next occurence of the directive, or the end of the file.", "\nWhen you load a file, you typically split it up by geometries (which correspond to submeshes) and by material, so that each thing you draw has a single material. ", "From there, it's simple to set the textures indicated and draw.", "\nFrom an authoring standpoint, an entry in the material library will correspond to a separate material in the editor, and each part using a material is likely a separate submesh or mesh.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThis invention pertains to systems for applying electrical signals to an anatomical feature of a patient. ", "While many of the disclosed concepts are applicable to a wide variety of therapies (e.g., cardiac pacing with electrodes applied to heart tissue), the invention is described in a preferred embodiment where the invention pertains to the treatment of disorders such as obesity, pancreatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic disease, and inflammatory disorders. ", "In a most preferred embodiment, this invention pertains to the treatment of a gastrointestinal disorder by the application of a high frequency signal to a vagus nerve of a patient.", "\n2. ", "Background\nA blocking therapy can be used alone or in combination with traditional electrical nerve stimulation in which impulses are created for propagation along a nerve. ", "The disorders to be treated include, without limitation, functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) (such as functional dyspepsia (dysmotility-like) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)), gastroparesis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), obesity, pancreatitis, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic disease, inflammation, discomfort and other disorders.", "\nIn a blocking therapy, an electrode (or multiple electrodes) is placed on or near a vagus nerve or nerves of a patient. ", "By “near”, it is meant close enough that a field created by the electrode captures the nerve. ", "Higher frequencies (e.g., 2,500 Hz-20,000 Hz) are believed to result in more consistent neural conduction block. ", "Particularly, the nerve conduction block is applied with an electrical signal selected to block the entire cross-section of the nerve (e.g., both afferent and efferent signals on both myelinated and non-myelinated fibers) at the site of application of the blocking signal.", "\nA complete system for applying a signal to a nerve may include systems for addressing the potential for charge build-up, assuring good communication between implanted and external components, recharging implantable batteries, safety of the device, physician and patient controls and programming and communication with the system." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a tight contact type document reading apparatus used for a facsimile machine, a card reader, or an image scanner used for image input to a computer.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nGenerally, a document reading apparatus reads an image in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction as moving document relatively to the apparatus. ", "In reading an image, conventionally a charge coupled device (CCD) with a plurality of photoelectric transducer elements arranged in one dimension was often used. ", "The pitch of a photoelectric transducer is, for example, 7.mu.. The number of photoelectric transducer elements that can be installed on a CCD is approximately, 5000 at present. ", "A pixel density required for reading a document is, for example, 16 pixels/nm. ", "Under such a condition, an image from a document must be scaled down by an imaging optical system when it is received by a CCD.", "\nU.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,774,592 discloses a construction for reading an image by pixels more than the number of photoelectric transducer elements of a CCD. ", "In FIG. ", "1, a plurality of convex lenses 2a, 2b are disposed at an interval with a base plate 1. ", "CCDs 3a, 3b are mounted on the base plate 1 corresponding to the convex lenses 2a, 2b. ", "Each convex lense 2a, 2b forms an image of a document 4 on each CCDs 3a, 3b including an overlapping portion of length .DELTA.L. The overlapping portion is provided in order to eliminate an influence by thermal expansion of the base plate 1. ", "The temperature of the base plate 1 is detected by a thermistor 5. ", "Output from CCDs 3a, 3b is processed to remove the overlapping portion corresponding to the detected temperature.", "\nA document reading apparatus using CCD has a pitch of photoelectric transducer elements considerably smaller compared with a required pixel density, so that light path necessarily becomes long (shrinkage rate becomes high) and a large form of imaging optical system is required. ", "Long light path needs more supporting members for each parts so that it becomes difficult to design and to manufacture products resulting in an increase in cost. ", "Long light path (high shrinkage rate) also amplifies minute deviation from optically designed arrangement. ", "It is therefore very difficulty to control variation of manufactured parts to adjust coefficient of thermal expansion, and to compensate light axis. ", "When a plurality of CCDs are used, influence of thermal expansion must be removed as described above. ", "In case a single CCD is used to read along document, the light path becomes longer and the shrinkage rate becomes higher. ", "This makes it inevitable that and power of definition become low around periphery of the lens. ", "Therefore, lately a document reading apparatus such as a tight contact type image sensor has been actively developed without using a CCD. ", "A typical prior art of a tight contact type image sensor is disclosed, for example, in JAPANESE LAID-OPEN PATENT 62-18166 (1987).", "\nSuch a conventional document reading apparatus is normally composed of a light source 6 consisting of a fluorescent lamp or the like, a rod lens array 2 of an erect equi-magnification optical system, and a semiconductor chip 7 having a plurality of photoelectric transducer elements 7a, 7b as shown in FIG. ", "2. ", "The light source 6 projects light upon a document 4, and the reflected light is radiated upon each photoelectric transducer element 7a of the semiconductor chip 7 through the rod lens array 2. ", "An image of the document 4 is read by causing a photoelectric transformation corresponding to the light radiated upon each photoelectric transducer element 7a.", "\nHowever, in this conventional document reading apparatus, the rod lens array 2 to guide the reflected light from the document 4 upon the photoelectric transducer elements 7a, 7b on the semiconductor chip 7 has an erect equi-magnification optical system. ", "Since the reflected light from the document 4 is radiated upon the photoelectric transducer elements 7a, 7b at an equal magnification, the photoelectric transducer elements 7a, 7b on the semiconductor 7 must be arranged in a straight line at a specified interval substantially with the same length as the document (e.g., 216 mm in the case of size A4). ", "Accordingly, such a document reading apparatus had a defect that the photoelectric transducer elements 7a, 7b must be arranged in a very long line.", "\nAlso the semiconductor chip 7 with a long size arrangement of the photoelectric transducer elements 7a, 7b at a specified interval is very hard to manufacture by the present semiconductor manufacturing technology. ", "Generally a nondefective semiconductor chip with a short length is cut out from a semiconductor base plate with a certain size, and a plurality of such semiconductor chips 7 with a short length are arranged in a straight line. ", "Thereby the photoelectric transducer elements 7a, 7b are arranged substantially with the same length as that of the document 4.", "\nHowever, when the nondefective semiconductor chip 7 is cut out from a semiconductor plate, the photoelectric transducer elements 7a, 7b are formed over the whole range, so that a stress during cutting out is applied to the photoelectric transducer elements 7a, 7b in the vicinity of cutting portion, thereby causing a distortion. ", "As a result, such a document reading apparatus has a defect that precision for reading a document decreases because precise photoelectric transformation could not be made by the photoelectric transducer elements 7a, 7b.", "\nHere, in order to solve such a defect, it may be possible to reduce the area of each photoelectric transducer element 7a, 7b formed on the semiconductor chip 7, keeping a long distance between the cutting portion of the semiconductor chip and the photoelectric transducer elements 7a, 7b in the vicinity thereof. ", "However, when the area of each photoelectric transducer element 7a, 7b is reduced, the amount of transformation electricity at each photoelectric transduction element 7a, 7b becomes small, which leads to a defect of falling sensitivity in document reading." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nPython: How do I extract lines in a log file from an hour ago until now\n\nI'm not even sure on where to start.. All I've read up on is how to do in bash but looking to write it in python\nExample log lines:\nSep 8 13:25:02 blah\nSep 8 13:25:02 blahblah\nSep 8 13:25:02 blahblahblah\n\nA:\n\nLike I said, I wasn't sure where to start..\nAfter reading @BoarGules hint on having to make the date/time into something you can do arithmetic with and to use datetime, I've come up with the following:\n#!", "/usr/bin/env python\n\nfrom datetime import datetime, timedelta\n\nsyslog=\"local4\"\n\nnow = datetime.now().strftime('%b %_d %H:%M:%S')\nhour = datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=1)\nhour_ago = hour.strftime('%b %_d %H:%M:%S')\n\nwith open(syslog,'r') as f:\n for line in f:\n if int(line.split()[1]) < 10:\n d = line.split()[0] + ' ' + line.split()[1] + ' ' + line.split()[2]\n else:\n d = line.split()[0] + ' ' + line.split()[1] + ' ' + line.split()[2]\n if d >= hour_ago and d <= now:\n print line.strip()\n\nIt seems to work for what I'd like it to do but open to suggestions on improving it.", "\nI'm just wondering if doing if int(line.split()[1]) < 10: is the best way to work out the spaces between the first split.", "\nThanks again.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Welcome to the Toy Watches Designer Mens Watches Section at Mainline Menswear. ", "Here you can expect to find a great range of fluo Toy Watches, monochrome Toy Watches, metallic Toy Watches and jelly Toy Watches for sale. ", "If you have any concerns or questions regarding your Toy Watches purchase then please don’t hesitate to get in touch with our customer service team by phone, email or live chat. ", "Our customer services team is to here to help, which is something they are very good at – just read our reviews!", "\n\nA Brief History of Toy Watches\n\nWhilst some brands are focussed on clothing but offer a range of accessories, others have mastered the art of the accessory and actually make a rather impressive living out of them and them alone. ", "Toy Watch are a company which have certainly mastered the art of the watch and yet they have only been in operation since 2006. ", "Clearly, in this time, the Toy Watch brand has come on in leaps and bounds and not only are their watches created from some truly impressive materials, fashioned with exceptional designs in mind and even a few famous faces have ties to the Toy Watch brand.", "\n\nCelebrities such as Tara Reid, Miley Cyrus and even Nicholas Cage have been spotted with Toy Watch accessories wrapped around their arms and as such, the company is growing in terms of popularity at a rapid rate. ", "A celebrity endorsement never hurt, of course.", "\n\nBuy a Wide Range of Toy Watches Men’s Watches at Mainline Menswear\n\nMainline Menswear have been an authorised Toy Watches stockist since 2009 and we are pleased to announce the spring summer 2013 collection of Toy Watches men’s watches are now available to purchase online." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "{\n \"nbformat\": 4,\n \"nbformat_minor\": 0,\n \"metadata\": {\n \"colab\": {\n \"version\": \"0.3.2\",\n \"views\": {},\n \"default_view\": {},\n \"name\": \"Untitled\",\n \"provenance\": []\n }\n },\n \"cells\": [\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"a3bskVXPvchm\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"# Hello, TensorFlow\\n\",\n \"## A beginner-level, getting started, basic introduction to TensorFlow\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"Rb5rSpcZvYbX\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"TensorFlow is a general-purpose system for graph-based computation. ", "A typical use is machine learning. ", "In this notebook, we'll introduce the basic concepts of TensorFlow using some simple examples.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"TensorFlow gets its name from [tensors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor), which are arrays of arbitrary dimensionality. ", "A vector is a 1-d array and is known as a 1st-order tensor. ", "A matrix is a 2-d array and a 2nd-order tensor. ", "The \\\"flow\\\" part of the name refers to computation flowing through a graph. ", "Training and inference in a neural network, for example, involves the propagation of matrix computations through many nodes in a computational graph.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"When you think of doing things in TensorFlow, you might want to think of creating tensors (like matrices), adding operations (that output other tensors), and then executing the computation (running the computational graph). ", "In particular, it's important to realize that when you add an operation on tensors, it doesn't execute immediately. ", "Rather, TensorFlow waits for you to define all the operations you want to perform. ", "Then, TensorFlow optimizes the computation graph, deciding how to execute the computation, before generating the data. ", "Because of this, a tensor in TensorFlow isn't so much holding the data as a placeholder for holding the data, waiting for the data to arrive when a computation is executed.\"", "\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"E8FhiMivhcYB\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"## Adding two vectors in TensorFlow\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"Let's start with something that should be simple. ", "Let's add two length four vectors (two 1st-order tensors):\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"$\\\\begin{bmatrix} 1. & ", "1. & ", "1. & ", "1.\\\\end{bmatrix} + \\\\begin{bmatrix} 2. & ", "2. & ", "2. & ", "2.\\\\end{bmatrix} = \\\\begin{bmatrix} 3. & ", "3. & ", "3. & ", "3.\\\\end{bmatrix}$\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"2iv3XQ6k3eF1\",\n \"colab_type\": \"code\",\n \"colab\": {\n \"autoexec\": {\n \"startup\": false,\n \"wait_interval\": 0\n },\n \"output_extras\": [\n {\n \"item_id\": 1\n }\n ]\n },\n \"cellView\": \"both\",\n \"executionInfo\": {\n \"elapsed\": 131,\n \"status\": \"ok\",\n \"timestamp\": 1446243605678,\n \"user\": {\n \"color\": \"#1FA15D\",\n \"displayName\": \"Michael Piatek\",\n \"isAnonymous\": false,\n \"isMe\": true,\n \"permissionId\": \"00327059602783983041\",\n \"photoUrl\": \"//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-wKJwK_OPl34/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAlk/Rh3u6O2Z7ns/s50-c-k-no/photo.jpg\",\n \"sessionId\": \"7391995727249e65\",\n \"userId\": \"106975671469698476657\"\n },\n \"user_tz\": 420\n },\n \"outputId\": \"e21e1144-736a-4b1f-df78-a9ceab9d4c61\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"import tensorflow as tf\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"with tf.", "Session():\\n\",\n \" input1 = tf.constant([1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0])\\n\",\n \" input2 = tf.constant([2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0])\\n\",\n \" output = tf.add(input1, input2)\\n\",\n \" result = output.eval()\\n\",\n \" print result\"\n ],\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"[ 3. ", " 3. ", " 3. ", " 3.]\\n\"\n ],\n \"name\": \"stdout\"\n }\n ],\n \"execution_count\": 0\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"dqLV5GXT3wLy\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"What we're doing is creating two vectors, [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] and [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0], and then adding them. ", "Here's equivalent code in raw Python and using numpy:\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"7DzDJ7sW79ao\",\n \"colab_type\": \"code\",\n \"colab\": {\n \"autoexec\": {\n \"startup\": false,\n \"wait_interval\": 0\n },\n \"output_extras\": [\n {\n \"item_id\": 1\n }\n ]\n },\n \"cellView\": \"both\",\n \"executionInfo\": {\n \"elapsed\": 152,\n \"status\": \"ok\",\n \"timestamp\": 1446242020458,\n \"user\": {\n \"color\": \"#1FA15D\",\n \"displayName\": \"Michael Piatek\",\n \"isAnonymous\": false,\n \"isMe\": true,\n \"permissionId\": \"00327059602783983041\",\n \"photoUrl\": \"//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-wKJwK_OPl34/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAlk/Rh3u6O2Z7ns/s50-c-k-no/photo.jpg\",\n \"sessionId\": \"7391995727249e65\",\n \"userId\": \"106975671469698476657\"\n },\n \"user_tz\": 420\n },\n \"outputId\": \"cf89e613-06e5-4435-bea3-9f48a4eff943\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"print [x + y for x, y in zip([1.0] * 4, [2.0] * 4)]\"\n ],\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"[3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]\\n\"\n ],\n \"name\": \"stdout\"\n }\n ],\n \"execution_count\": 0\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"MDWJf0lHAF4E\",\n \"colab_type\": \"code\",\n \"colab\": {\n \"autoexec\": {\n \"startup\": false,\n \"wait_interval\": 0\n },\n \"output_extras\": [\n {\n \"item_id\": 1\n }\n ]\n },\n \"cellView\": \"both\",\n \"executionInfo\": {\n \"elapsed\": 97,\n \"status\": \"ok\",\n \"timestamp\": 1446242021921,\n \"user\": {\n \"color\": \"#1FA15D\",\n \"displayName\": \"Michael Piatek\",\n \"isAnonymous\": false,\n \"isMe\": true,\n \"permissionId\": \"00327059602783983041\",\n \"photoUrl\": \"//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-wKJwK_OPl34/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAlk/Rh3u6O2Z7ns/s50-c-k-no/photo.jpg\",\n \"sessionId\": \"7391995727249e65\",\n \"userId\": \"106975671469698476657\"\n },\n \"user_tz\": 420\n },\n \"outputId\": \"66d8c4a2-92b7-4048-b365-39dc42dff2bc\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"import numpy as np\\n\",\n \"x, y = np.full(4, 1.0), np.full(4, 2.0)\\n\",\n \"print \\\"{} + {} = {}\\\".format(x, y, x + y)\"\n ],\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"[ 1. ", " 1. ", " 1. ", " 1.] ", "+ [ 2. ", " 2. ", " 2. ", " 2.] ", "= [ 3. ", " 3. ", " 3. ", " 3.]\\n\"\n ],\n \"name\": \"stdout\"\n }\n ],\n \"execution_count\": 0\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"I52jQOyO8vAn\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"## Details of adding two vectors in TensorFlow\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"The example above of adding two vectors involves a lot more than it seems, so let's look at it in more depth.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \">`import tensorflow as tf`\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"This import brings TensorFlow's public API into our IPython runtime environment.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \">`with tf.", "Session():`\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"When you run an operation in TensorFlow, you need to do it in the context of a `Session`. ", "A session holds the computation graph, which contains the tensors and the operations. ", "When you create tensors and operations, they are not executed immediately, but wait for other operations and tensors to be added to the graph, only executing when finally requested to produce the results of the session. ", "Deferring the execution like this provides additional opportunities for parallelism and optimization, as TensorFlow can decide how to combine operations and where to run them after TensorFlow knows about all the operations. ", "\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \">>`input1 = tf.constant([1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0])`\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \">>`input2 = tf.constant([2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0])`\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"The next two lines create tensors using a convenience function called `constant`, which is similar to numpy's `array` and numpy's `full`. ", "If you look at the code for `constant`, you can see the details of what it is doing to create the tensor. ", "In summary, it creates a tensor of the necessary shape and applies the constant operator to it to fill it with the provided values. ", "The values to `constant` can be Python or numpy arrays. ", "`constant` can take an optional shape parameter, which works similarly to numpy's `fill` if provided, and an optional name parameter, which can be used to put a more human-readable label on the operation in the TensorFlow operation graph.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \">>`output = tf.add(input1, input2)`\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"You might think `add` just adds the two vectors now, but it doesn't quite do that. ", "What it does is put the `add` operation into the computational graph. ", "The results of the addition aren't available yet. ", "They've been put in the computation graph, but the computation graph hasn't been executed yet.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \">>`result = output.eval()`\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \">>`print result`\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"`eval()` is also slightly more complicated than it looks. ", "Yes, it does get the value of the vector (tensor) that results from the addition. ", "It returns this as a numpy array, which can then be printed. ", "But, it's important to realize it also runs the computation graph at this point, because we demanded the output from the operation node of the graph; to produce that, it had to run the computation graph. ", "So, this is the point where the addition is actually performed, not when `add` was called, as `add` just put the addition operation into the TensorFlow computation graph.\"", "\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"H_5_2YY3ySr2\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"## Multiple operations\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"To use TensorFlow, you add operations on tensors that produce tensors to the computation graph, then execute that graph to run all those operations and calculate the values of all the tensors in the graph.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"Here's a simple example with two operations:\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"-kQmn3U_yXX8\",\n \"colab_type\": \"code\",\n \"colab\": {\n \"autoexec\": {\n \"startup\": false,\n \"wait_interval\": 0\n },\n \"output_extras\": [\n {\n \"item_id\": 1\n }\n ]\n },\n \"cellView\": \"both\",\n \"executionInfo\": {\n \"elapsed\": 101,\n \"status\": \"ok\",\n \"timestamp\": 1446242580297,\n \"user\": {\n \"color\": \"#1FA15D\",\n \"displayName\": \"Michael Piatek\",\n \"isAnonymous\": false,\n \"isMe\": true,\n \"permissionId\": \"00327059602783983041\",\n \"photoUrl\": \"//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-wKJwK_OPl34/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAlk/Rh3u6O2Z7ns/s50-c-k-no/photo.jpg\",\n \"sessionId\": \"7391995727249e65\",\n \"userId\": \"106975671469698476657\"\n },\n \"user_tz\": 420\n },\n \"outputId\": \"e96a6e27-665e-47d3-822e-47aeb66fc7f8\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"import tensorflow as tf\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"with tf.", "Session():\\n\",\n \" input1 = tf.constant(1.0, shape=[4])\\n\",\n \" input2 = tf.constant(2.0, shape=[4])\\n\",\n \" input3 = tf.constant(3.0, shape=[4])\\n\",\n \" output = tf.add(tf.add(input1, input2), input3)\\n\",\n \" result = output.eval()\\n\",\n \" print result\"\n ],\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"[ 6. ", " 6. ", " 6. ", " 6.]\\n\"\n ],\n \"name\": \"stdout\"\n }\n ],\n \"execution_count\": 0\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"Hod0zvsly8YT\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"This version uses `constant` in a way similar to numpy's `fill`, specifying the optional shape and having the values copied out across it.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"The `add` operator supports operator overloading, so you could try writing it inline as `input1 + input2` instead as well as experimenting with other operators.\"", "\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"yS2WElRfxz53\",\n \"colab_type\": \"code\",\n \"colab\": {\n \"autoexec\": {\n \"startup\": false,\n \"wait_interval\": 0\n },\n \"output_extras\": [\n {\n \"item_id\": 1\n }\n ]\n },\n \"cellView\": \"both\",\n \"executionInfo\": {\n \"elapsed\": 156,\n \"status\": \"ok\",\n \"timestamp\": 1446242664353,\n \"user\": {\n \"color\": \"#1FA15D\",\n \"displayName\": \"Michael Piatek\",\n \"isAnonymous\": false,\n \"isMe\": true,\n \"permissionId\": \"00327059602783983041\",\n \"photoUrl\": \"//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-wKJwK_OPl34/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAlk/Rh3u6O2Z7ns/s50-c-k-no/photo.jpg\",\n \"sessionId\": \"7391995727249e65\",\n \"userId\": \"106975671469698476657\"\n },\n \"user_tz\": 420\n },\n \"outputId\": \"9818bf3c-5659-4a87-8b5d-40a28f1a2677\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"with tf.", "Session():\\n\",\n \" input1 = tf.constant(1.0, shape=[4])\\n\",\n \" input2 = tf.constant(2.0, shape=[4])\\n\",\n \" output = input1 + input2\\n\",\n \" print output.eval()\"\n ],\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"[ 3. ", " 3. ", " 3. ", " 3.]\\n\"\n ],\n \"name\": \"stdout\"\n }\n ],\n \"execution_count\": 0\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"zszjoYUjkUNU\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"## Adding two matrices\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"EWNYBCB6kbri\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"Next, let's do something very similar, adding two matrices:\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"$\\\\begin{bmatrix}\\n\",\n \" 1. & ", "1. & ", "1. ", "\\\\\\\\\\n\",\n \" 1. & ", "1. & ", "1. ", "\\\\\\\\\\n\",\n \"\\\\end{bmatrix} + \\n\",\n \"\\\\begin{bmatrix}\\n\",\n \" 1. & ", "2. & ", "3. ", "\\\\\\\\\\n\",\n \" 4. & ", "5. & ", "6. ", "\\\\\\\\\\n\",\n \"\\\\end{bmatrix} = \\n\",\n \"\\\\begin{bmatrix}\\n\",\n \" 2. & ", "3. & ", "4. ", "\\\\\\\\\\n\",\n \" 5. & ", "6. & ", "7. ", "\\\\\\\\\\n\",\n \"\\\\end{bmatrix}$\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"tmWcCxSilYkg\",\n \"colab_type\": \"code\",\n \"colab\": {\n \"autoexec\": {\n \"startup\": false,\n \"wait_interval\": 0\n },\n \"output_extras\": [\n {\n \"item_id\": 1\n }\n ]\n },\n \"cellView\": \"both\",\n \"executionInfo\": {\n \"elapsed\": 1540,\n \"status\": \"ok\",\n \"timestamp\": 1446242690334,\n \"user\": {\n \"color\": \"#1FA15D\",\n \"displayName\": \"Michael Piatek\",\n \"isAnonymous\": false,\n \"isMe\": true,\n \"permissionId\": \"00327059602783983041\",\n \"photoUrl\": \"//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-wKJwK_OPl34/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAlk/Rh3u6O2Z7ns/s50-c-k-no/photo.jpg\",\n \"sessionId\": \"7391995727249e65\",\n \"userId\": \"106975671469698476657\"\n },\n \"user_tz\": 420\n },\n \"outputId\": \"f3a2e904-790b-42e1-9ca4-2f3c54d7f4a8\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"import tensorflow as tf\\n\",\n \"import numpy as np\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"with tf.", "Session():\\n\",\n \" input1 = tf.constant(1.0, shape=[2, 3])\\n\",\n \" input2 = tf.constant(np.reshape(np.arange(1.0, 7.0, dtype=np.float32), (2, 3)))\\n\",\n \" output = tf.add(input1, input2)\\n\",\n \" print output.eval()\"\n ],\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"[[ 2. ", " 3. ", " 4.]\\n\",\n \" [ 5. ", " 6. ", " 7.]]\\n\"\n ],\n \"name\": \"stdout\"\n }\n ],\n \"execution_count\": 0\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"JuU3Bmglq1vd\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"Recall that you can pass numpy or Python arrays into `constant`.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"In this example, the matrix with values from 1 to 6 is created in numpy and passed into `constant`, but TensorFlow also has `range`, `reshape`, and `tofloat` operators. ", "Doing this entirely within TensorFlow could be more efficient if this was a very large matrix.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"Try experimenting with this code a bit -- maybe modifying some of the values, using the numpy version, doing this using, adding another operation, or doing this using TensorFlow's `range` function.\"", "\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"gnXnpnuLrflb\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"## Multiplying matrices\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"Ho-QNSOorj0y\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"Let's move on to matrix multiplication. ", "This time, let's use a bit vector and some random values, which is a good step toward some of what we'll need to do for regression and neural networks.\"", "\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"uNqMaFR8sIY5\",\n \"colab_type\": \"code\",\n \"colab\": {\n \"autoexec\": {\n \"startup\": false,\n \"wait_interval\": 0\n },\n \"output_extras\": [\n {\n \"item_id\": 1\n }\n ]\n },\n \"cellView\": \"both\",\n \"executionInfo\": {\n \"elapsed\": 132,\n \"status\": \"ok\",\n \"timestamp\": 1446242872027,\n \"user\": {\n \"color\": \"#1FA15D\",\n \"displayName\": \"Michael Piatek\",\n \"isAnonymous\": false,\n \"isMe\": true,\n \"permissionId\": \"00327059602783983041\",\n \"photoUrl\": \"//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-wKJwK_OPl34/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAlk/Rh3u6O2Z7ns/s50-c-k-no/photo.jpg\",\n \"sessionId\": \"7391995727249e65\",\n \"userId\": \"106975671469698476657\"\n },\n \"user_tz\": 420\n },\n \"outputId\": \"fc0e29a0-306c-4709-c181-1108d5a21d88\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"#@test {\\\"output\\\": \\\"ignore\\\"}\\n\",\n \"import tensorflow as tf\\n\",\n \"import numpy as np\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"with tf.", "Session():\\n\",\n \" input_features = tf.constant(np.reshape([1, 0, 0, 1], (1, 4)).astype(np.float32))\\n\",\n \" weights = tf.constant(np.random.randn(4, 2).astype(np.float32))\\n\",\n \" output = tf.matmul(input_features, weights)\\n\",\n \" print \\\"Input:\\\"\\n\",\n \" print input_features.eval()\\n\",\n \" print \\\"Weights:\\\"\\n\",\n \" print weights.eval()\\n\",\n \" print \\\"Output:\\\"\\n\",\n \" print output.eval()\"\n ],\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"Input:\\n\",\n \"[[ 1. ", " 0. ", " 0. ", " 1.]]\\n\",\n \"Weights:\\n\",\n \"[[-0.8187139 -0.81037313]\\n\",\n \" [-0.31439888 -2.36761999]\\n\",\n \" [-1.3127892 -0.33629459]\\n\",\n \" [-1.23475349 -1.19031894]]\\n\",\n \"Output:\\n\",\n \"[[-2.05346727 -2.00069213]]\\n\"\n ],\n \"name\": \"stdout\"\n }\n ],\n \"execution_count\": 0\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"JDAVTPhb22AP\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"Above, we're taking a 1 x 4 vector [1 0 0 1] and multiplying it by a 4 by 2 matrix full of random values from a normal distribution (mean 0, stdev 1). ", "The output is a 1 x 2 matrix.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"You might try modifying this example. ", "Running the cell multiple times will generate new random weights and a new output. ", "Or, change the input, e.g., to \\\\[0 0 0 1]), and run the cell again. ", "Or, try initializing the weights using the TensorFlow op, e.g., `random_normal`, instead of using numpy to generate the random weights.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"What we have here is the basics of a simple neural network already. ", "If we are reading in the input features, along with some expected output, and change the weights based on the error with the output each time, that's a neural network.\"", "\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"XhnBjAUILuy8\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"## Use of variables\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"Let's look at adding two small matrices in a loop, not by creating new tensors every time, but by updating the existing values and then re-running the computation graph on the new data. ", "This happens a lot with machine learning models, where we change some parameters each time such as gradient descent on some weights and then perform the same computations over and over again.\"", "\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"vJ_AgZ8lLtRv\",\n \"colab_type\": \"code\",\n \"colab\": {\n \"autoexec\": {\n \"startup\": false,\n \"wait_interval\": 0\n },\n \"output_extras\": [\n {\n \"item_id\": 1\n }\n ]\n },\n \"cellView\": \"both\",\n \"executionInfo\": {\n \"elapsed\": 180,\n \"status\": \"ok\",\n \"timestamp\": 1446244201894,\n \"user\": {\n \"color\": \"#1FA15D\",\n \"displayName\": \"Michael Piatek\",\n \"isAnonymous\": false,\n \"isMe\": true,\n \"permissionId\": \"00327059602783983041\",\n \"photoUrl\": \"//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-wKJwK_OPl34/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAlk/Rh3u6O2Z7ns/s50-c-k-no/photo.jpg\",\n \"sessionId\": \"7391995727249e65\",\n \"userId\": \"106975671469698476657\"\n },\n \"user_tz\": 420\n },\n \"outputId\": \"8d3aadaa-2b34-4642-889b-e3daaf5ee693\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"#@test {\\\"output\\\": \\\"ignore\\\"}\\n\",\n \"import tensorflow as tf\\n\",\n \"import numpy as np\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"with tf.", "Session() as sess:\\n\",\n \" # Set up two variables, total and weights, that we'll change repeatedly.\\n\",\n \" total = tf.", "Variable(tf.zeros([1, 2]))\\n\",\n \" weights = tf.", "Variable(tf.random_uniform([1,2]))\\n\",\n \" \\n\",\n \" # Initialize the variables we defined above.\\n\",\n \" tf.initialize_all_variables().run()\\n\",\n \" \\n\",\n \" # This only adds the operators to the graph right now. ", "The assignment\\n\",\n \" # and addition operations are not performed yet.\\n\",\n \" update_weights = tf.assign(weights, tf.random_uniform([1, 2], -1.0, 1.0))\\n\",\n \" update_total = tf.assign(total, tf.add(total, weights))\\n\",\n \" \\n\",\n \" for _ in range(5):\\n\",\n \" # Actually run the operation graph, so randomly generate weights and then\\n\",\n \" # add them into the total. ", "Order does matter here. ", "We need to update\\n\",\n \" # the weights before updating the total.\\n\",\n \" sess.run(update_weights)\\n\",\n \" sess.run(update_total)\\n\",\n \" \\n\",\n \" print weights.eval(), total.eval()\"\n ],\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"[[-0.41494703 0.47648168]] [[-0.41494703 0.47648168]]\\n\",\n \"[[ 0.35746408 0.99504066]] [[-0.05748296 1.47152233]]\\n\",\n \"[[-0.46462393 -0.80201006]] [[-0.52210689 0.66951227]]\\n\",\n \"[[-0.99513483 -0.42322445]] [[-1.51724172 0.24628782]]\\n\",\n \"[[ 0.13371086 -0.85545826]] [[-1.38353086 -0.60917044]]\\n\"\n ],\n \"name\": \"stdout\"\n }\n ],\n \"execution_count\": 0\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"kSYJr89aM_n0\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"This is more complicated. ", "At a high level, we create two variables and add operations over them, then, in a loop, repeatedly execute those operations. ", "Let's walk through it step by step.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"Starting off, the code creates two variables, `total` and `weights`. ", "`total` is initialized to \\\\[0, 0\\\\] and `weights` is initialized to random values between -1 and 1.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"Next, two assignment operators are added to the graph, one that updates weights with random values from [-1, 1], the other that updates the total with the new weights. ", "Again, the operators are not executed here. ", "In fact, this isn't even inside the loop. ", "We won't execute these operations until the `eval` call inside the loop.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"Finally, in the for loop, we run each of the operators. ", "In each iteration of the loop, this executes the operators we added earlier, first putting random values into the weights, then updating the totals with the new weights. ", "This call uses `eval` on the session; the code also could have called `eval` on the operators (e.g. `update_weights.eval`).\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"It can be a little hard to wrap your head around exactly what computation is done when. ", "The important thing to remember is that computation is only performed on demand.\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"Variables can be useful in cases where you have a large amount of computation and data that you want to use over and over again with just a minor change to the input each time. ", "That happens quite a bit with neural networks, for example, where you just want to update the weights each time you go through the batches of input data, then run the same operations over again.\"", "\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"id\": \"fL3WfAbKzqr5\",\n \"colab_type\": \"text\"\n },\n \"source\": [\n \"## What's next?\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"This has been a gentle introduction to TensorFlow, focused on what TensorFlow is and the very basics of doing anything in TensorFlow. ", "If you'd like more, the next tutorial in the series is Getting Started with TensorFlow, also available in the [notebooks directory](..).\"", "\n ]\n }\n ]\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "use std::error::Error;\nuse std::fmt;\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\npub enum FormatError {\n InvalidEscapeCharacter(usize, char),\n UnclosedPlaceholder,\n UnopenedPlaceholder,\n InvalidIndex(String),\n InvalidPadding(String),\n EmptyFormatter,\n}\n\nimpl fmt::Display for FormatError {\n fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {\n match self {\n FormatError::InvalidEscapeCharacter(pos, ch) => write!(", "\n f,\n \"[output-format] invalid escape character of '{}' at '{}'\",\n ch, pos\n ),\n FormatError::UnclosedPlaceholder => write!(", "\n f,\n \"[output-format] all opened placeholders must be closed by '}}'\"\n ),\n FormatError::UnopenedPlaceholder => write!(", "\n f,\n \"[output-format] an unopened placeholder could not be closed by '}}'\"\n ),\n FormatError::InvalidIndex(index) => {\n write!(f, \"[output-format] unable to parse index of '{}'\", index)\n }\n FormatError::InvalidPadding(padding) => write!(", "\n f,\n \"[output-format] unable to parse padding of '{}'\",\n padding\n ),\n FormatError::EmptyFormatter => {\n write!(f, \"[output-format] output formatter must be set\")\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nimpl Error for FormatError {}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "We’re proud to present a new game made using Castle Game Engine: Bricks Color Pick. ", "It’s a new approach to the classic arkanoid games, with a twist: there is no paddle. ", "The challenge is to switch the color of the ball to match the bricks. ", "You need to do it quickly — because the ball will bounce all around the level using physics.", "\n\nMade by Andrzej Kilijański who also wrote a lot of articles about Castle Game Engine. ", "Andrzej also submitted a number of pull requests related to our physics support (based on Kraft) — and now we know why 🙂\n\nCheck out the game on your Android, it’s completely free!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0, 0, 0.022727272727272728, 0.01675977653631285 ]

[ "Q:\n\nJavascript error in simple Aurelia ASP.Net 5.0 RC1 Setup\n\nI am attempting to setup a very basic Aurelia project in ASP.Net 5.0 RC1. ", "I am getting the following JavaScript error after doing a basic initial setup. ", "I am using TypeScript.", "\nUnhandled promise rejection Error: XHR error (404 Not Found) loading http://localhost:5392/core-js.js\n Error loading http://localhost:5392/core-js.js as \"core-js\" from http://localhost:5392/jspm_packages/npm/aurelia-loader@1.0.0-beta.1/aurelia-loader.js\n at o (http://localhost:5392/jspm_packages/system.js:4:12694)\n at XMLHttpRequest.s.onreadystatechange (http://localhost:5392/jspm_packages/system.js:4:13219)\n (anonymous function) @ es6.promise.js:138\n\nThe setup I did is as follows.", "\n\nCreate Empty ASP.Net 5.0 template.", "\nInstall Microsoft.", "AspNet.", "StaticFiles from nuget and set up app.", "UseFileServer.", "\nFrom git bash run jspm init with the following settings.", "\nPackage.json file does not exist, create it? [", "yes]:\nWould you like jspm to prefix the jspm package.json properties under jspm? [", "yes]:\nEnter server baseURL (public folder path) [./]:./wwwroot\nEnter jspm packages folder [wwwroot\\jspm_packages]:\nEnter config file path [wwwroot\\config.js]:\nConfiguration file wwwroot\\config.js doesn't exist, create it? [", "yes]:\nEnter client baseURL (public folder URL) [/]:\nDo you wish to use a transpiler? [", "yes]:\nWhich ES6 transpiler would you like to use, Babel, TypeScript or Traceur? [", "babel]:typescript\nFrom git bash run jspm install aurelia-framework and jspm install aurelia-bootstrapper.", "\nAdd the index.html, app.html, and app.ts file from the aurelia docs.", "\nFire up IIS Express, load page, get error.", "\n\nIs there a step I am missing in this setup?", "\n\nA:\n\nIt seems like this is a known issue. ", "The fix is somewhat simple. ", "If you add a core-js mapping at the top of the map section in config.js, it fixes it.", "\nFor example,\nmap: {\n \"core-js\": \"npm:core-js@1.2.6\",\n // other mappings\n}\n\n" ]

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[ "---\nlayout: post\ntitle: \"OsProgramadores\"\ncategories: Programação\nlink-telegram: https://t.me/osprogramadores\n---\nGrupo de incentivo ao aprendizado da Programação de Computadores.", "\nColaboração: Marcelo Pinheiro (@mpinheir)\n" ]

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[ "A man in Oakton, Va., tried abducting a 16-year-old girl on her way to school, according to police.", "\n\nThe attempted abduction happened around the intersection of Blake Lane and Palmer Street about 6:30 a.m.\n\nThe girl told police the man began talking to her and then asked her to get into his car. ", "When she refused, he grabbed her and attempted to force her inside the car. ", "The girl, however, managed to get away, according to a Fair Oaks police district press release.", "\n\nThe man was described as possibly Hispanic, in his early to mid-20s, 5-feet-6 to 5-feet-9 inches tall with a thin build, and short, black hair. ", "He had an eyebrow piercing and two piercings in his left ear. ", "He was wearing blue jeans and a short-sleeve shirt.", "\n\nThe man’s vehicle was described as a white, four-door sub-compact with a “Baby-on-Board” sign on the driver’s side.", "\n\nAnyone with information should contact Crime Solvers by phone at 1-866-411-TIPS/8477, e-mail at www.fairfaxcrimesolvers.org or text “TIP187” plus your message to CRIMES/274637, or call Fairfax County police at 703-691-2131." ]

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[ "Saturday, January 26, 2008\n\nA friend of mine from highschool wrote me this email that i decided to share on my blog, I will answer him here because I have a feeling a lot of people share his views.", "\n\nHere's what he had to say:-\n\nHey Bibi,\n\nI just wanted to say I like your blog because it tackles humanitarianissues in Kuwait. ", "You've always been a good person ever since schoolso when I found out that you became a humanitarian I was like wowthats like a perfect fit.", "\n\nMy issue or question is this. ", "There are a lot of things I don't likein Kuwait and I complain about them every now and then on my blog. ", "Thething is thats all I can do. ", "As a non-kuwaiti there is very verylittle I can do about the working conditions of the Bengalis orgenerally ANYTHING thats wrong here.", "\n\nBUT, I always wish I was in a better position so I could actually dothings. ", "For example every time I read something sad on your blog Ithink to myself that if I was in your shoes I would do this or I wouldtry to do that. ", "I find it hard to believe that you can't solve allthese problems. ", "If you can't solve humanitarian problems issues inKuwait then who can?", "\n\nI don't know if I am making much sense, I hope I didn't soundaggressive or anything but I really love Kuwait and I find it veryfrustrating to see things that are so obviously wrong and not beingable to do anything about it and then find out that the only person Iwould expect to be able to do things about it can't do anythingeither. ", "It sounds like a helpless cause which is depressing.", "\n\nHere's what I have to say:-\n\nS.W.S, the organization that I work at does a lot of work with helping people, I don't usually write about what we've accomplished as an organization because in the end we were able to challenge and defeat all obstacles within our limits and without breaking the law or interfering in the work of the officials.", "\n\nKuwait is suppose to be \"dawlat Mo'asasat\" and I don't even know how to translate that, but the idea is, I up on my \"high horse\" as some may see me, cannot interfere, change or impose on any ministry official's work and I have to go through the process like everyone else in this country. ", "Some might say, but your grandpa is the amir and your uncle is the deputy prime minister and all the rest are close relatives as well, why can't you pass the message to them to do something? ", "Trust me, everytime I get a chance to speak with any of them on the issues I face, I don't hesistate to jump on the opportunity, but we all have to understand that they are very busy people dealing with many other, as important, isssues.", "\n\nAlso, they usually refer me to the officials at the ministries that I would have dealt with without even going to them, because that's how the system works (just a very few cases with babies in prison that the amir had to be directly involved and take action, god bless him), I can't just say i'm facing a problem here and there and then I get a scroll with the emir's signature and all is fine and dandy, No. ", "There is a process, there are different documents and paper works and all the stuff we hate to do, but it must be done. ", "So I end up going through the bureaucratic system just like everyone else, no magic wand here people.", "\n\nIn many occasions I was kicked out of offices especially in Al-Shu'oon..Yet because I want to make a difference I still hold my head up high and accept the system, hoping through complaints and shedding light on the issues, the system could improve. ", "It could get depressing when you feel like you've hit a dead end but it's all too satisfying when you do actually make a difference.", "\n\nSaturday, January 19, 2008\n\nI'm sure a lot of people have family members or know of people who have family members that are drug addicts. ", "The burden of a drug addict is extremely hard, its emotionally draining to deal with a junkie, i've heard horror stories, the latest is of an abusive junkie, who pulled a gun out on family member, he put the gun to her head then laughed hysterically when she trembled with fear, she said she couldn't hear anything but his husky voice and the sound of her heart beating real fast, he then proceeded to fire two shots in the air to scare her even more, she says the sound was so loud she felt like it shattered her bones, she was paralyzed from fear and tried to walk away but he had a tight grip on her arm telling her that he's taken a little too much drugs and threatened if she would tell anyone he would hunt her down. ", "She was let go when the attacker's friend showed up and calmed him down.", "\n\nIt's not easy dealing with the pain of losing a family member to drugs but it gets worse when the drug addict becomes an abuser. ", "If she calls the authorities on him, she will be shaming her family and her name will be plastered all over the news, her family might even view her as a traitor or even worse her brothers might take revenge on him and in the end everyone gets hurt... but if the drug addict family member hurts or kills anyone... she won't be able to live with herself knowing she could have stopped it.", "\n\nMy friend chose to stay silent, may god give her peace of mind with her decision.", "\n\nMonday, January 14, 2008\n\nThe Angelican Church wanted to help hundreds of bengalis to return home by giving them tickets and the money they paid to come to kuwait and the money that was never given to them from their employers. ", "So a formal letter was written to Zakat House to ask for donations, I signed the letter because they wanted to use a muslim name and in my case a very familiar muslim name. ", "So Zakat House created a committee (Shoot me, i hate committees) to discuss the issue along with the ministry of social and labour affairs. ", "So they agreed to donate 50,000 KD to help muslim expatriates in situations like those of the bengalis, they decided the money would be put in a fund in the ministry of social affairs and the money would be spent through them. ", "Now the ministry is claiming they don't know where the money is and we're back in square one, there are more than 150 bengalis in shelters throughout town waiting to go home and many others in similar situations stuck in limbo without a dime to buy a ticket to go home. ", "My family have been generous enough to help out many times, including Mesharee' Al-Khair a foundation owned by my uncle yet I can't keep going back to them, laws have to change, things have to be fixed to prevent situations like this, for one, the company who brought them has to deal with it, why is the ministry sooo easy on them!", "\n\nWhat is really sad, other than the obvious, is that Kuwait was a country people dreamt of coming to, it was and surprisingly still is a country some asians wish to find a job in thinking they will provide a better living for their families back home when they do come. ", "UNFORTUNATELY, the sad truth is, a lot of them were better off staying home. ", "It breaks my heart to see any kind of sufferage but my heart bleeds when it's unjustified sufferage.", "\n\nAnother story...\n\nA friend of mine introduced me to a gorgeous palestinian young lady a few months back, said she was in need of help. ", "Her story is that she teaches at a middle school and was tutoring one of the girls in school at her home. ", "The girl lives with her father who is divorced, the teacher became the desire of this man, she claims he was very decent and friendly with her and her family, even hired her disabled brother in his company. ", "Long story short, he proposed, she accepted, she then began to see changes in him which concerned her, so she ended the engagement. ", "At that point, the man made her brother sign documents and accused him of stealing money from him and filed a complaint at the police station. ", "The brother was nowhere to be found, he was scared and ran away thinking he will be put in prison. ", "So the police took the whole family, the pretty teacher and her parents in for questioning.. they spent 48 hours in jail.. meanwhile, the man (former fiance) tells the teacher that if she agrees to marriage then he will stop the charges against her brother. ", "She doesn't agree. ", "The family leave jail and head home because there is no case against them just inquiry about the son. ", "A few days later the police pick the teacher up from school accusing her of stealing her fiance's money and jewellery, in which he claims he gave her when he proposed to her. ", "She denies it all. ", "Anyway there was a court case against her and her mother, as an accomplice. ", "The verdict of the case came out a couple days ago, the judge ruled against them and sentenced them to 2 years in prison including the brother too. ", "Oh I forgot to mention, her father died soon after he was put in prison, he died of a heart attack, his body was taken to Jordon, that trip was used in court as evidence against her, claiming she took the money and jewellery to Jordon which is why there was no traces of them in her house.", "\n\nI don't really know why i'm so sad.. maybe cuz i met these people and they sound really sincere and I heard first hand the horror stories they went through in jail in Salmiyah and the one in Mubarak al Kabeer, yet if I want to be fair, there could also be a slight chance that this man was cheated. ", "Either way, a two year sentence is very harsh.", "\n\nThe recent sentencing of the rapists who gang-raped a saudi girl was 10 months, untill they recently changed it to 5 years because of all the pressure they got for it http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/11/17/saudi.rape.victim/. So raping a girl is almost the same as being falsely accused of stealing or should I say the same as being accused of stealing without evidence of the stolen goods in your possession.", "\n\nI feel helpless... I don't know what to do. ", "This family is begging for help, I am in no position to do anything, it's beyond my capability.", "\n\nAfter all that's been said. ", "I will not give up. ", "I love my country and I love the people here, a few corrupt souls will not break my spirit. ", "I will be forever an optimist.", "\n\nTuesday, January 8, 2008\n\nA few months back Andy Tajero who worked for my family for 25 years was diagnosed with cancer and decided to get treated in the philippines. ", "Late last night his sister Elizabeth Tajero (family nanny of 30 years) was informed that Andy had passed away. ", "The staff in our house consists of neices and nephews and brothers and sisters all from the Tajero family... It's a sad sad sad day for my family, he was a wonderful man, may he rest in peace inshalla. ", "My heart goes out to the Tajero family and to his wife Marlene and their kids.", "\n\nI dedicate this song to the Tajeros and Chab girls and Bashar and Surra girls:\n\nWednesday, January 2, 2008\n\n1. ", "The Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Social Affairs take into consideration the rights of the people who reside in our country, and respect and care for their affairs. ", "In other words, stricts actions should be taken against sponsors who bring labourers from asian countries under false pretenses just to take money from them and leave them lurking in the streets unemployed. ", "Police officers should be much more civil when dealing with labour expats and stop treating them as though they are criminals, even if they are the ones filing complaints against their employers.", "\n\n2. ", "All Bedouns that serve in the military should be given the Kuwaiti Nationality, what and who do they serve for, if they are considered \"without nationality\"?", "\n\n3. ", "Free education. ", "Every citizen should have the choice to pick the type of educational environment they would like to be part of, whether co-ed or segregated. ", "I hope that the law that was past against co-education in private university changes and I wish our \"progessive\" parliament members fail to pass segregation in private highschools.", "\n\n4. ", "Raise of salaries in all governmental sectors especially in the oil sector, our bread and butter." ]

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[ "Economic incentives and the epidemiological indicators can contribute to the reduction of occupational hazards?", "\nThis article intends to discuss the interfaces of Decree No. ", "6042 and the adoption of its guidelines as a strategy to reduce the occupational hazards." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHiding running apps in Plank in Juno\n\nThere used to be a setting in Plank settings to hide the unpinned apps, super useful. ", "I cannot find it any more.", "\nHas it been moved in Juno, or removed?", "\nThanks a lot!", "\nEdit: including a screenshot of my settings page for the dock. ", "Most settings are gone in this release and it makes me a little frustrated.", "\n\nThe reason why I'd hide some apps is to have things like widgets stay on the desktop, without appearing in the Plank. ", "In the attached screenshot, see the bottom right end of the Plank: three extra icons from the widgets that I use at the moment.", "\n\nA:\n\nIn the question the OP is referring to the Desktop>Dock settings, which do not include what is asked (did they ever?).", "\nThe option is accessible under the Plank preferences, which are independent from the system settings. ", "Plank preferences are accessible in different ways:\n\npress Ctrl-key and right-click Plank dock, then select \"Preferences\"\n\nor\n\nrun plank --preferences in terminal.", "\n\nTherefore this question might even be a duplicate of this.", "\nUn-check \"Show unpinned\".", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSocket.io something like ajax\n\nI'm trying to get data from web page but I can't find solution. ", "Here is socket server side code:\n\nfunction get_page(url) {\r\n //function which return web page data\r\n}\r\nio.sockets.on('connection', function(socket) {\r\n result=get_page('http://example.com');\r\n io.sockets.emit('data',result);\r\n});\n\nA:\n\nIf you're just asking how to implement get_page(), you can either use http.get() or a bit easier to use request module. ", " Using the request module, your nodejs code could look like this:\nlet request = require('request');\n\nio.sockets.on('connection', function(socket) {\n // upon initial connection, fetch some data and send it to the connecting client\n request('http://example.com', function(err, response, body) {\n if (err) {\n // send some error response here\n socket.emit('data', \"example.com not responding - no data available\");\n } else {\n // send data to the connecting socket\n socket.emit('data', body);\n }\n });\n});\n\n" ]

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[ "Tom Brokaw\n\nThomas John Brokaw (; born February 6, 1940) is an American television journalist and author. ", "He was the anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News for 22 years (1982–2004). ", "He is the only person to have hosted all three major NBC News programs: The Today Show, NBC Nightly News, and, briefly, Meet the Press. ", "He now serves as a special correspondent for NBC News and works on documentaries for other outlets.", "\n\nAlong with his competitors Peter Jennings at ABC News and Dan Rather at CBS News, Brokaw was one of the \"Big Three\" news anchors in the U.S. during the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s. ", "The three hosted their networks' flagship nightly news programs for over 20 years, and all three started and retired (or died, in Jennings' case) within a year of each other.", "\n\nBrokaw has also written several books on American history and society in the 20th century. ", "He is the author of The Greatest Generation (1998) and other books and the recipient of numerous awards and honors including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which was awarded to him by President Barack Obama in 2014.", "\n\nEarly life \n\nBrokaw was born in Webster, South Dakota, the son of Eugenia \"Jean\" (née Conley; 1917–2011), who worked in sales and as a post-office clerk, and Anthony Orville \"Red\" Brokaw (1912–1982). ", "He was the eldest of their three sons (Dan and Richard) and named for his maternal great-grandfather, Thomas Conley. ", "\n\nHis father was a descendant of Huguenot immigrants Bourgon and Catherine (née Le Fèvre) Broucard, and his mother was Irish-American, although the origin of the name Brokaw is contested. ", "His paternal great-grandfather, Richard P. Brokaw, founded the town of Bristol, South Dakota, and the Brokaw House, a small hotel and the first structure in Bristol.", "\n\nBrokaw's father was a construction foreman for the Army Corps of Engineers. ", "He worked at the Black Hills Ordnance Depot (BHOD) and helped construct Fort Randall Dam; his job often required the family to resettle throughout South Dakota during Brokaw's early childhood. ", "The Brokaws lived for short periods in Bristol, Igloo (the small residential community of the BHOD), and Pickstown, before settling in Yankton, where Brokaw attended high school.", "\n\nAs a high school student attending Yankton Senior High School, Brokaw was governor of South Dakota American Legion Boys State, and in that capacity he accompanied then-South Dakota Governor Joe Foss to New York City for a joint appearance on a TV game show. ", "It was to be the beginning of a long relationship with Foss, whom Brokaw would later feature in his book about World War II veterans, The Greatest Generation. ", "Brokaw also became an Advisory Board member of the Joe Foss Institute.", "\n\nBrokaw matriculated at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa, but dropped out after a year as he apparently failed to keep up in his studies, in his words majoring in \"beer and co-eds\". ", " He received his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the University of South Dakota in 1964.", "\n\nFor several years, Brokaw mountain climbed with the \"Do Boys,\" whose members included Yvon Chouinard and Douglas Tompkins.", "\n\nBroadcasting career\n\nEarly years \n\nBrokaw's television career began at KTIV in Sioux City, Iowa followed by stints at KMTV in Omaha, Nebraska, and WSB-TV in Atlanta, In 1966, he joined NBC News, reporting from Los Angeles and anchoring the 11:00 pm news for KNBC. ", "In 1973, NBC made Brokaw White House correspondent, covering the Watergate scandal, and anchor of the Saturday editions of Nightly News. ", " He became host of NBC's Today Show in 1976 and remained in the job until 1981.", "\n\nHe kept a closely guarded secret for many years, in 2017 Brokaw wrote of having been offered – and having promptly turned down – the press secretary position in the Nixon White House in 1969. ", "While living in California before Nixon made his political comeback, Brokaw had come to know H. R. 'Bob' Haldeman (White House chief of staff and initiator of the offer) as well as Nixon's press secretary, Ron Ziegler, and others members of the White House staff.", "\n\nNBC Nightly News \n\nOn April 5, 1982, Brokaw began co-anchoring NBC Nightly News from New York with Roger Mudd in Washington. ", " After a year, NBC News president Reuven Frank concluded that the dual-anchor program was not working and selected Brokaw to be sole anchor. ", "The NBC Nightly News with Tom Brokaw commenced on September 5, 1983. ", "Among other news items, he covered the Challenger disaster, EDSA Revolution, Loma Prieta earthquake, fall of the Berlin Wall and Hurricane Andrew.", "\n\nBrokaw scored a major coup when, on November 9, 1989, he was the first English-language broadcast journalist to report the Fall of the Berlin Wall. ", "Brokaw attended a televised press conference organized in East Berlin by Günter Schabowski, press spokesman for East German Politburo, which had just decided to allow its citizens to apply to permanently leave the country through its border with West Germany. ", "When Schabowski was asked when this loosening of regulations would take effect, he glanced through his notes, then said, \"sofort, unverzüglich\" (\"immediately, without delay\"), touching off a stampede of East Berliners to the Wall. ", "Brokaw had an interview with Schabowski after the press conference, who repeated his \"immediately\" statement when pressed. ", "Later that evening Brokaw reported from the west side of Brandenburg Gate on this announcement and pandemonium that had broken out in East Berlin because of it.", "\n\nAs anchor, Brokaw conducted the first one-on-one American television interviews with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and Russian President Vladimir Putin. ", "He and Katie Couric hosted a prime-time newsmagazine, Now, that aired from 1993–94 before being folded into the multi-night Dateline NBC program.", "\n\nAlso, in 1993, on the first broadcast of Late Show with David Letterman on CBS, in response to David Letterman's monologue containing jokes about NBC, Brokaw walked on stage in a surprise cameo (accompanied by Paul Shaffer and the CBS Orchestra playing the NBC Nightly News theme). ", " He congratulated Letterman on his new show and wished him well, but also stated he was disappointed and shocked; he subsequently walked over to the man holding the cue cards, took two, and remarked, \"These last two jokes are the intellectual property of NBC!\", ", "leaving the stage afterwards. ", " Letterman then remarked, \"Who would have thought you would ever hear the words 'intellectual property' and 'NBC' in the same sentence?\"", "\n\nRichard Jewell sued NBC News for this statement, made by Brokaw about the 1996 Olympic Park bombing, \"The speculation is that the FBI is close to making the case. ", "They probably have enough to arrest [Jewell] right now, probably enough to prosecute him, but you always want to have enough to convict him as well. ", "There are still some holes in this case.\" ", "Even though NBC stood by its story, the network agreed to pay Jewell $500,000. ", "\n\nOn September 11, 2001, Brokaw joined Katie Couric and Matt Lauer around 9:30 a.m., following the live attack on the South Tower of the World Trade Center, and continued to anchor all day, until after midnight. ", "Following the collapse of the second tower, Brokaw observed: \"This is war. ", " This is a declaration and an execution of an attack on the United States.\" ", "He continued to anchor coverage to midnight on the following two days. ", "Later that month, a letter containing anthrax was addressed to him as part of the 2001 anthrax attacks. ", "Brokaw was not harmed, but two NBC News employees were infected. ", "In 2008, he testified before the Commission on Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism about the anthrax attacks, publicly discussing his experiences for the first time in a detailed, day-by-day account.", "\n\nIn 2002, NBC announced that Brokaw would retire as anchor of the NBC Nightly News following the 2004 Presidential election, to be succeeded by Brian Williams. ", "Brokaw would remain with NBC News in a part-time capacity from that point onwards, serving as an analyst and anchoring and producing documentary programs. ", "Brokaw closed his final Nightly News broadcast in front of 15.7 million viewers on NBC on December 1, 2004, by saying:\n\nBy the end of his time as Nightly News anchor, Brokaw was regarded as the most popular news personality in the United States. ", "Nightly News had moved into first place in the Nielsen ratings in late 1996 and held on to the spot for the remainder of Brokaw's tenure on the program, placing him ahead of ABC's Peter Jennings and World News Tonight, and CBS's Dan Rather and the CBS Evening News.", "\n\nAlong with Jennings and Rather, Brokaw helped usher in the era of the TV news anchor as a lavishly compensated, globe-trotting star in the 1980s. ", "The magnitude of a news event could be measured by whether Brokaw and his counterparts on the other two networks showed up on the scene. ", "Brokaw's retirement in December 2004, followed by Rather's ousting from the CBS Evening News in March 2005, and Jennings's death in August 2005, brought that era to a close.", "\n\nAfter Nightly News \n\nAfter leaving the anchor chair, Brokaw remained at NBC as Special Correspondent, providing periodic reports for Nightly News. ", " He served as an NBC analyst during the 2008 presidential election campaign and moderated the second presidential debate between Barack Obama and John McCain at Belmont University. ", " He reported documentaries for the Discovery Channel and the History Channel and in 2006 delivered one of the eulogies during the state funeral of former President Gerald R. Ford.", "\n\nOn June 13, 2008, when NBC interrupted its regular programming to announce the sudden death of NBC News Washington Bureau Chief and Meet the Press moderator Tim Russert, Brokaw served as the announcer. ", " A week later, NBC announced that Brokaw would serve as host of Meet the Press on an interim basis. ", " He was succeeded by David Gregory in December 2008.", "\n\nBrokaw serves on the board of directors of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Committee to Protect Journalists, the International Rescue Committee and the Mayo Clinic. ", " He is also a member of the Howard University School of Communications Board of Visitors and a trustee of the University of South Dakota, the Norton Simon Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, and the International Rescue Committee. ", "He also provides the voiceover for a University of Iowa advertisement that airs on television during Iowa Hawkeyes athletic events.", "\n\nIn 2011 Brokaw began hosting The Boys in the Hall, a baseball documentary series for Fox Sports Net.", "\n\nIn December 2012, Brokaw starred in the Mormon Tabernacle Choir's annual Christmas concert, with live audiences of 84,000. ", "The concert, titled Home for the Holidays, was nationally televised in December 2013.", "\n\nIn April 2014, a new broadcast facility opened on the Universal Studios Hollywood lot, and named in Brokaw's honor as the Brokaw News Center. ", " The facility houses KNBC-TV, Telemundo owned-and-operated station KVEA, and the Los Angeles bureau of NBC News.", "\n\nOn March 11, 2016, Brokaw gave one of the eulogies for former First Lady Nancy Reagan at her funeral. ", "He spoke about his relationship with both the Reagans as a reporter and later anchor.", "\n\nPersonal life \nSince 1962, Brokaw has been married to author Meredith Lynn Auld. ", "They have three daughters: Jennifer, Andrea, and Sarah. ", "Brokaw and his wife spend considerable time at their ranch near Livingston, Montana, which they bought in 1989.", "\n\nOn September 6, 2012, Brokaw was hospitalized after appearing on MSNBC's Morning Joe. ", "He later tweeted that he was \"all well\" and explained his illness as having accidentally taken half a dose of Ambien in the morning. ", "He was diagnosed with multiple myeloma in August 2013 at the Mayo Clinic. ", "Brokaw and his physicians are \"very encouraged with his progress\". ", " He has continued to work for NBC throughout his treatments. ", "On December 21, 2014, Brokaw announced that his cancer is in full remission.", "\n\nIn 2018, Brokaw was accused of unwanted sexual advances toward three women; one in 1968 and two in the 1990s. ", "Brokaw denied the allegations. ", "In response to the allegations, former colleagues Rachel Maddow, Andrea Mitchell, Maria Shriver, Kelly O'Donnell, and 64 others, signed a letter characterizing Brokaw as \"a man of tremendous decency and integrity\".", "\n\nCareer timeline \n\n 1960–1962: KTIV-TV Newscaster, weatherman, and staff announcer\n 1962–1965: KMTV-TV Reporter\n 1965: Anchor of WSB-TV late-evening news\n 1966–present: NBC News\n 1966–1972: NBC News West Coast correspondent and KNBC anchor\n 1973–1976: White House correspondent and Saturday anchor of NBC Nightly News\n 1976–1981: Today Show anchor\n 1982–1983: NBC Nightly News co-anchor\n 1983–2004: NBC Nightly News anchor\n 2004–present: Special correspondent\n 2004–present: Contributing anchor\n 2008: Meet the Press moderator (interim)\n\nSpeeches \n1971: College of William and Mary commencement speech\n1980; Bentley University commencement speech\n1988: Tulane Universiy School of Medicine commencement speech\n1995: University of Washington commencement speech\n 2011: Northwestern Mutual Annual Meeting Opening Session Speech\n 2012: Vanderbilt University and Arizona State University commencement speeches\n 2013: Loyola University New Orleans commencement speech\n 2015: High Point University commencement speech\n2016: University of Mississippi commencement speech\n2017: University of South Dakota open forum\n\nBooks \n\n 1998 The Greatest Generation (hardback) (paperback) depicting the Americans who came of age during the Great Depression and fought World War II;\n 1999 The Greatest Generation Speaks (hardback) (paperback);\n 2001 An Album of Memories (hardback) (paperback);\n 2002 A Long Way from Home: Growing Up in the American Heartland (hardback) (paperback);\n 2006 Galen Rowell: A Retrospective (hardback) Foreword by Tom Brokaw;\n 2007 Boom!: ", "Voices of the Sixties Personal Reflections on the '60s and Today (hardback);\n 2011 The Time of Our Lives: A Conversation About America (hardback);\n 2013 Christmas from Heaven: The True Story of the Berlin Candy Bomber (hardback);\n 2015 A Lucky Life Interrupted: A Memoir of Hope (hardback) (paperback);\n 2019 The Fall of Richard Nixon: A Reporter Remembers Watergate (hardback) (paperback).", "\n\nAwards\n\nPublic and industry awards \n\n 1989 Peabody Award for a report called To Be An American;\n Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Awards for excellence in broadcast journalism for Dateline NBC documentary special Why Can't We Live Together on hidden realities of racial separation in suburban America;\n Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award for excellence in broadcast journalism for his interview with Mikhail Gorbachev;\n Seven Emmy Awards including one for China in Crisis special report;\n 1990 National Headliner Award from the National Conference of Christians and Jews for advancing the understanding of religion, race and ethnicity;\n 1992 Al Neuharth Award for Excellence in the Media presented by the Freedom Forum;\n 1993 Emmy award for reporting on floods in the Midwest;\n 1995 Dennis Kauff Memorial Award for Lifetime Achievement in Journalism from Boston University;\n 1995 Lowell Thomas Award from Marist College;\n 1997 University of Missouri School of Journalism Honor Medal for Distinguished Service in Journalism;\n 1998 Fred Friendly First Amendment Award, a tribute to those \"individuals whose broadcast career reflects a consistent devotion to freedom of speech and the principles embodied in the First Amendment.\";", "\n 1998 American Legion award for distinguished public service in the field of communication;\n 1998 Citizens' Scholarship Foundation of America's President's Award recognizing \"devotion to helping young people through scholarships.\";", "\n 1999 Congressional Medal of Honor Society's \"Tex\" McCrary Excellence in Journalism Award;\n 1999 Emmy award for international coverage of the Kosovo conflict;\n 2002: Paul White Award, Radio Television Digital News Association\n 2003 Peabody Award for his special report called \"A Question of Fairness\";\n 2005 Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences;\n 2005 Four Freedoms Medal: Freedom of Speech And Expression;\n 2006 Washington State University Edward R. Murrow School of Communications Lifetime Achievement in Broadcasting Award;\n 2006 Sylvanus Thayer Award: United States Military Academy at West Point;\n 2006 Walter Cronkite Award for Excellence in Journalism at Arizona State University;\n 2006 Induction into the Television Hall of Fame;\n 2007 Horatio Alger Award for overcoming adversity to achieve success through the American free enterprise system from the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans Inc.;\n 2011 Charles Osgood Lifetime Achievement Award in Broadcast Journalism from WFUV (90.7 FM);\n 2012 The Nichols-Chancellor's Medal awarded by Vanderbilt University;\n 2012 Ken Burns Lifetime Achievement Award awarded at Old Sturbridge Village in Sturbridge, Massachusetts;\n 2013 Peabody Award for enhancing his reputation since he left the NBC News desk in 2004.", "\n 2014 Presidential Medal of Freedom\n 2016 French Legion of Honor, for his support of World War II veterans, along with actor Tom Hanks and Gordon H. Mueller, president and co-founder of the National WWII Museum, New Orleans.", "\n\nHonorary degrees \n\n Air University (United States Air Force);\n Arizona State University;\n Boston College;\n Brandeis University;\n California Institute of Technology;\n The College of William & Mary;\n Dartmouth College;\n Duke University;\n Emory University;\n Fairfield University;\n Fordham University;\n Florida State University\n John Carroll University;\n Johns Hopkins University;\n Montana State University;\n Mayo Clinic and the College of Medicine;\n Northwestern University;\n Providence College;\n Saint Anselm College;\n Seton Hall University;\n Skidmore College;\n St. Lawrence University;\n University of Iowa;\n University of Montana;\n University of Notre Dame;\n University of Oklahoma;\n University of Pennsylvania;\n University of South Dakota;\n University of South Carolina;\n Washington University in St. Louis.", "\n\nSee also\n New Yorkers in journalism\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n \n Booknotes interview with Brokaw on The Greatest Generation, March 7, 1999.", "\n In Depth interview with Brokaw, May 6, 2012\n \n \n \n Greatest Generation online ebook read by Tom Brokaw (2 chapters)\n , transcript\n \n\nCategory:American broadcast news analysts\nCategory:American television news anchors\nCategory:American television reporters and correspondents\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:1940 births\nCategory:American male journalists\nCategory:NBC News people\nCategory:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients\nCategory:Journalists from New York City\nCategory:Journalists from South Dakota\nCategory:Television anchors from Los Angeles\nCategory:American people of Irish descent\nCategory:University of Iowa alumni\nCategory:University of South Dakota alumni\nCategory:People from Webster, South Dakota\nCategory:People with multiple myeloma\nCategory:Cancer survivors\nCategory:20th-century American journalists\nCategory:21st-century American journalists\nCategory:21st-century American male writers\nCategory:Recipients of the Legion of Honour" ]

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[ "WASHINGTON (WASHINGTON POST) - Ms Nikki Haley's abrupt and unexpected resignation from President Donald Trump's administration secured her membership in a singular club - the rare former White House official who leaves Mr Trump's orbit as a political force who could pose a potential threat to the president.", "\n\nIn a sign of her rising profile, the ambassador to the United Nations on Tuesday (Oct 9) simultaneously announced her resignation at the end of this year while also reassuring Mr Trump that she has no plans to challenge his re-election.", "\n\n\"No, I'm not running for 2020,\" she said, seated next to the president in the Oval Office. \"", "I can promise you what I'll be doing is campaigning for this one. ", "So, I look forward to supporting the president in the next election.\"", "\n\nThe blunt statement underscores both the loyalty demanded by Mr Trump and the political complications Ms Haley could pose to the president.", "\n\nAt 46, Ms Haley has built her own political brand and has a long potential career ahead of her. ", "The former South Carolina governor mixes homespun Southern charm with hard-boiled political savvy - a daughter of immigrants boasting both executive experience in her home state and foreign policy chops from two years as one of Mr Trump's top diplomats.", "\n\n\"She's a rising star and he's king, so there's always an inherent tension there,\" said Mr Mike Murphy, a longtime Republican strategist and Trump critic. \"", "Politically, any star in the party is a threat to Trump because in his Stalinesque way; there's only one sun god and it has to be Trump.\"", "\n\nFor now, at least, Ms Christine Matthews, a pollster who has worked with Republican candidates, said that Ms Haley seems to be leaving the Trump administration on her own terms and with her personal and political bona fides still intact.", "\n\n\"She has served very well and has only enhanced her reputation, and I think she's probably the only person in the Trump administration who you can say that about,\" Ms Matthews said.", "\n\nShe likened Ms Haley to Ms Condoleezza Rice - the secretary of state and national security adviser under president George W. Bush - who was often mentioned as a possible GOP vice-presidential candidate.", "\n\n\"She's one of these rare people in Republican circles who conservatives and moderates really like, and women and men can both agree on,\" Ms Matthews said. \"", "She is somebody who is outside of stereotypical Republican central casting. ", "She's Indian American, she's young, she's both pragmatic as well as conservative, and I feel that she very much has that image going for her.\"", "\n\nYet for a rising star, it remains unclear where she will shine. ", "In the hours after her surprise announcement, political operatives floated options ranging from a high-dollar private-sector gig to a television contributor deal and book contract.", "\n\nThere was also chatter that Ms Haley could seek the Senate seat occupied by Senator Lindsey Graham, an idea quickly dismissed by Haley confidants, Mr Trump and Mr Graham himself. \"", "I have zero desire to be a Cabinet member,\" Mr Graham quipped.", "\n\nMr Rick Tyler, a Republican strategist and former adviser to Senator Ted Cruz, said that while Ms Haley's departure was highly choreographed - \"Who gets to resign in the Oval Office? ", "It's unbelievable\" - the challenge for Ms Haley will be how she bides her time, especially if Mr Trump seeks re-election in 2020 as expected.", "\n\n\"If she runs in 2024, she'll have to figure out how to keep her profile active for the next six years, and most politicians cannot manage that,\" Mr Tyler said.", "\n\nThe timing of Ms Haley's exit, less than a month before the 2018 mid-term elections, struck many in the president's circle as either savvy or suspect.", "\n\nOn the one hand, she leaves with foreign policy credentials, the credibility that comes from navigating an often chaotic White House and ahead of potential political fallout from the November elections or Special Counsel Robert Mueller's Russia investigation.", "\n\n\"She's shrewd, which is good in politics, but you have to keep an eye open,\" said Mr H. Boyd Brown, a former Democratic South Carolina legislator who has battled with Ms Haley in the past. \"", "She's coming for you if you are in her way.\"", "\n\nThe suddenness and secrecy surrounding her announcement on Tuesday also prompted speculation about her motives. ", "The expansive portfolio she enjoyed during Mr Rex Tillerson's tenure as secretary of state was diminished by the arrival of Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and national security adviser John Bolton, who controlled foreign policy out of the White House and made themselves more visible than their predecessors.", "\n\nMr Trump has also been leery of her ambitions at times, frustrated when she made announcements on television or when she garnered large amounts of glowing press coverage. ", "Ms Haley had been privately sceptical of some of the president's politics and tactics, yet was careful even in private situations not to criticise him while marvelling at his crowds and poll numbers.", "\n\n\"Resignations in national politics are highly calculated manoeuvres - it's not just like, 'Uh, I think I'll have chilli for lunch',\" Mr Murphy said. \"", "This was so abrupt and the timing so politically weird that it sure reads like it's pre-empting something... If it's the political masterstroke, where's the landing pad? ", "Where's the ooh and ahh?\"", "\n\nA polished campaigner, Ms Haley already was a rising national star in the Republican Party when Mr Trump began running for president in 2016. ", "She did not hide her discomfort with his pugnacity and the racially insensitive aspects of his campaign, delivering criticisms of Mr Trump's rhetoric and demeanour, and ultimately endorsing a competitor, Senator Marco Rubio.", "\n\nBut Mr Trump won the primary in Ms Haley's home state handily, so his move to make her UN ambassador was seen as an olive branch to the Republican establishment.", "\n\nMs Haley - one of the few women in the Cabinet and one of the few minorities to hold a senior administration position - quickly became the face of Mr Trump's foreign policy, demonstrating political acumen and shrewdness in her dealings with the White House.", "\n\nWhen speculation mounted last month that Ms Haley might have authored an anonymous New York Times column claiming a \"resistance\" within the Trump administration, she penned a Washington Post column under the headline: \"When I challenge the president, I do it directly. ", "My anonymous colleague should have, too.\"", "\n\nIn April, Ms Haley revealed in a television interview that the administration would be rolling out new economic sanctions against Russia. ", "Mr Trump was upset because he was not ready to impose the new penalties, and National Economic Council Director Larry Kudlow said Ms Haley had bungled the interview out of \"confusion\".", "\n\nThe UN ambassador shot back the next day: \"With all due respect, I don't get confused.\"", "\n\nMs Haley's positioning on racial issues also stood in contrast with that of Mr Trump. ", "In August 2017, after Mr Trump suggested both sides were to blame for the deadly white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, Ms Haley made clear she disapproved of the president's response but stopped short of publicly breaking with him, saying that she had communicated her views to him in private.", "\n\nNotoriously fearful of media leaks, Ms Haley has long micromanaged her own image and career and has kept extraordinarily close counsel, discussing major career moves only with her family and a clutch of key advisers. ", "During her 2010 gubernatorial campaign, she kept her own schedule, pecked out e-mail messages late into the night and personally monitored comments on her Facebook page.", "\n\nOnce based in New York City for her UN post, Ms Haley sought to stand apart from the backbiting that has often defined the West Wing, balancing a desire to be seen as independent with not running afoul of Mr Trump.", "\n\nThe Straits Times\n\nWe have been experiencing some problems with subscriber log-ins and apologise for the inconvenience caused. ", "Until we resolve the issues, subscribers need not log in to access ST Digital articles. ", "But a log-in is still required for our PDFs." ]

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