Datasets:

vcr-org
/

VCR-wiki-en-hard

image imagewidth (px) 294 300	caption stringlengths 26 179	stacked_image imagewidth (px) 294 300	only_it_image imagewidth (px) 294 300	only_it_image_small imagewidth (px) 294 300	crossed_text sequencelengths 1 4
	The Bogor Botanical Gardens is a botanical garden located in Bogor, Indonesia, 60 km south of central Jakarta. It is currently operated by Indonesian Institute				[ "is a botanical garden located", "It is currently operated by" ]
	A terraced wall, also a terrace wall, or a terraced retaining wall is a wall which is divided into sections, as in, is not a single wall; they are terrraced. They can				[ "is not a single wall", "terraced retaining wall is a", "which is divided into sections" ]
	"Egyptian faience is not, technically, faience. It is a sintered-quartz ceramic, with a surface vitrification which creates a bright lustre of various colours.				[ "with a surface vitrification which", "bright lustre of various colours" ]
	The red grouper is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes				[ "grouper is a species of", "which is part of the" ]
	Kate Langley Bosher was an American novelist from Virginia, best known for her novels Mary Cary and Miss Gibbie Gault. She was also a suffragist and				[ "best known for her novels", "was also a suffragist and" ]
	Rolandseck station in Rolandseck near Remagen, Germany, built from 1856 to 1858, is considered an important part of the cultural heritage of the Rhineland and a				[ "an important part of the" ]
	Alza.cz a.s. is an e-commerce store operating in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and since 2014, in other European Union countries. It’s one of the largest				[ "store operating in the Czech" ]
	Vuarrens is a municipality in the district Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.				[ "in the canton of Vaud" ]
	New Oxford is a borough in Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,783 at the 2010 census.				[ "is a borough in Adams" ]
	"Medina Sidonia is a city and municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia, southern Spain. It is considered				[ "province of Cádiz in the", "is a city and municipality" ]
	Dodda Basavana Gudi is situated in Bull Temple Road, Basavanagudi, area of South Bengaluru, part of the largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka.				[ "of the largest city of" ]
	Little Treaty of Versailles or the Polish Minority Treaty was one of the bilateral Minority Treaties signed between minor powers and the League of Nations in the				[ "signed between minor powers and", "Treaty of Versailles or the" ]
	The Herbert Dröse Stadion is an American Football stadium for the Hanau Hornets American football team in Hanau, Germany. It was built in 1951.				[ "The Herbert Dröse Stadion is" ]
	Air ambulance services in the United Kingdom provide emergency medical functions, patient transport between specialist centres, or medical				[ "patient transport between specialist centres", "in the United Kingdom provide" ]
	Emil Lubtchov Kostadinov is a former Bulgarian football forward, former member of the Bulgaria national team for which he played in two World Cups. He shares his				[ "for which he played in", "former member of the Bulgaria" ]
	"Varkala Beach, also known as Papanasham Beach, is a cliff beach situated in the Varkala town of Thiruvananthapuram District, India. The beach skirts				[ "cliff beach situated in the", "also known as Papanasham Beach" ]
	Jefry Osvaldo Rodríguez is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher for the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball. He previously played for the				[ "He previously played for the" ]
	In boating, a fender is a bumper used to absorb the kinetic energy of a boat or vessel berthing against a jetty, quay wall or other vessel. Fenders, used on all				[ "vessel berthing against a jetty", "bumper used to absorb the" ]
	The Black Umfolozi River is one of the two main tributaries to the Umfolozi River in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. It forms part of the Upper Umfolozi – the Lower				[ "The Black Umfolozi River is", "forms part of the Upper" ]
	"Stam1na is a Finnish heavy metal musical group native of Lemi, South Karelia. Their music is arguably best described as thrash metal with some				[ "heavy metal musical group native", "music is arguably best described" ]
	Neureichenau is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria in Germany.				[ "is a municipality in the" ]
	The Scottish and North Irish Yeomanry is a reserve Light Cavalry Regiment, formed in 2014, created out of the restructuring of the British Army				[ "created out of the restructuring" ]
	The National Memorial Arboretum is a British site of national remembrance at Alrewas, near Lichfield, Staffordshire. Its objective is to honour the fallen,				[ "site of national remembrance at", "Its objective is to honour" ]
	Piedmont is a census-designated place along the Saluda River in Anderson and Greenville counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The population was				[ "Greenville counties in the U.S." ]
	Almuñécar is a municipality in the Spanish Autonomous Region of Andalusia on the Costa Tropical between Nerja and Motril. It has a subtropical climate. Almuñécar				[ "Almuñécar is a municipality in", "It has a subtropical climate" ]
	Kępno is a town in Poland. It lies on the outskirts of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, as it borders on Silesia and the Łódz Land. As of December 31, 2009 Kępno				[ "is a town in Poland", "it borders on Silesia and" ]
	The List of Pennsylvania State University Olympians is a list of former or current Penn State students and coaches/faculty members that have made an				[ "members that have made an", "a list of former or" ]
	Edmund Bacon (1785–1866), was the business manager and primary overseer for 20 years for Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States, at				[ "the business manager and primary", "President of the United States" ]
	The Battle of Wagram was a military engagement of the Napoleonic Wars that ended in a costly but decisive victory for Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte's				[ "The Battle of Wagram was", "in a costly but decisive" ]
	Mario Rodríguez Varela, was an Argentine professional footballer. Nicknamed Mariulo, he was the topscorer of the 1964 Copa Libertadores with 6 goals.				[ "was the topscorer of the" ]
	The Belgian Ringbeater is a breed of fancy pigeon. Belgian Ringbeaters, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants				[ "a breed of fancy pigeon", "other varieties of domesticated pigeons" ]
	Johannes de Graaff, also referred to as Johannis de Graeff in some documents, was a Dutch Governor of Sint Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten in the				[ "and Sint Maarten in the" ]
	"""Barbara Allen"" is a traditional Scottish ballad; it later travelled to America both orally and in print, where it became a popular folk song. Ethnomusicologists Steve				[ "became a popular folk song", "America both orally and in" ]
	"The Ebenezer Baptist Churches are two Baptist churches in Loudoun County, Virginia, the ""Old Ebenezer Church,"" built before 1769, and the ""New				[ "The Ebenezer Baptist Churches are" ]
	Chiapilla is a town and one of the 119 Municipalities of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. It covers an area of 86.9 km².				[ "It covers an area of" ]
	The economy of Serbia is a service-based upper middle income economy with the tertiary sector accounting for two-thirds of total gross domestic product				[ "upper middle income economy with", "of total gross domestic product" ]
	The Magnificat is a canticle, also known as the Song of Mary, the Canticle of Mary and, in the Byzantine tradition, the Ode of the Theotokos. It is traditionally				[ "the Ode of the Theotokos", "known as the Song of" ]
	Spindle Piece is a bronze sculpture by Henry Moore. Unusually, the sculpture was made in four sizes: a plaster maquette cast in bronze as				[ "Piece is a bronze sculpture", "the sculpture was made in" ]
	R. Queraltó Group is a Spanish company that has been selling medical equipment since 1898.				[ "been selling medical equipment since" ]
	Piwnica Świdnicka is a Polish restaurant- chain company with in fact only one restaurant. The chain- company is considered to be the third oldest Polish				[ "chain company with in fact", "The chain- company is considered" ]
	Alexei Ivanovich Rykov was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician most prominent as Premier of Russia and the Soviet Union from 1924				[ "of Russia and the Soviet" ]
	"Major League Baseball recognizes the player or players in each league with the most wins each season. In baseball, wins are a statistic used to evaluate				[ "in each league with the", "wins are a statistic used" ]
	"The Citra Award for Best Director is an award given at the Indonesian Film Festival to Indonesian film directors in recognition for their				[ "film directors in recognition for", "given at the Indonesian Film" ]
	Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt was a German front-line fortification, west of the village of Beaumont Hamel on the Somme. The redoubt was built after the end of				[ "west of the village of", "redoubt was built after the" ]
	"St. Alphonsus Church, Rectory, Convent and Halle, also known as St. John Neumann Shrine and ""Baltimore's Powerhouse of Prayer,"" is an historic Roman				[ "as St. John Neumann Shrine" ]
	Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal is a dictionary of the Dutch language. It contains between 350,000 to 400,000 entries for Dutch words from 1500 to 1921.				[ "is a dictionary of the" ]
	Biodegradable athletic footwear is athletic footwear that uses biodegradable materials with the ability to compost at the end-of-life phase. Such materials				[ "biodegradable materials with the ability", "athletic footwear is athletic footwear" ]
	Wilhelm Horst Lichter is a German cook, television cook, cookbook author and moderator. He also occasionally appears on stage as an entertainer.				[ "on stage as an entertainer" ]
	Avenida Corrientes is one of the principal thoroughfares of the Argentine capital of Buenos Aires. The street is intimately tied to the tango and the porteño				[ "the principal thoroughfares of the", "is intimately tied to the" ]
	Eugene Ivanov is a Russian-Czech contemporary artist, painter, graphic artist and illustrator. Since 1998 he has been living and working in				[ "he has been living and" ]
	The Koxx is a South Korean indie rock band that formed in 2009. They are also involved in the production of k-pop songs.				[ "rock band that formed in", "are also involved in the" ]
	The Izhevsk Pond is an artificial body of water, or reservoir, created in 1760 at the urging of Peter Ivanovich Shuvalov for the needs of an iron works in				[ "the needs of an iron", "an artificial body of water" ]
	During the 2019-20 Venezuelan presidential crisis concerning who is the legitimate President of Venezuela, reactions and responses to the crisis have been				[ "is the legitimate President of", "reactions and responses to the" ]
	Eugene Barker McDaniel is a retired United States Navy Captain, Naval Aviator and former Prisoner of war during the Vietnam War. He was released				[ "of war during the Vietnam" ]
	Ogrodzieniec is a town in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,282 inhabitants. It is noted for the extensive ruins of a medieval				[ "a town in Zawiercie County", "for the extensive ruins of" ]
	Haidianhuangzhuang Station is a station on Line 4 and Line 10 of the Beijing Subway, located in Haidian District. This transfer station handled peak passenger				[ "transfer station handled peak passenger" ]
	Euphorbia milii, the crown of thorns, Christ plant, or Christ thorn, called Corona de Cristo in Latin America, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge				[ "flowering plant in the spurge" ]
	Rajiv Gulshan Rai is an Indian film director, screenwriter and film editor. He is the son of the producer Gulshan Rai. He has directed all his films under his				[ "is the son of the", "all his films under his" ]
	The Treaty of Edinburgh was a treaty drawn up on 5 July 1560 between the Commissioners of Queen Elizabeth I of England with the assent of the Scottish				[ "The Treaty of Edinburgh was", "between the Commissioners of Queen" ]
	The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B. Francis in Lowell, Massachusetts. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that				[ "type of water turbine that" ]
	Tumalo Mountain is a shield volcano in the Cascade Range of central Oregon, located just northeast of Mount Bachelor across the Cascade Lakes				[ "volcano in the Cascade Range" ]
	The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany. The University of Würzburg is one of the oldest institutions of				[ "is a public research university", "of the oldest institutions of" ]
	Farnborough Airport is an operational business/executive general aviation airport in Farnborough, Rushmoor, Hampshire, England. The				[ "executive general aviation airport in" ]
	António Augusto dos Santos Marto GCC is a Portuguese prelate of the Catholic Church. He has served as the Bishop of Leiria-Fátima since 2006. Pope				[ "served as the Bishop of" ]
	The 4th century was the time period which lasted from 301 to 400. In the West, the early part of the century was shaped by Constantine the Great, who				[ "the time period which lasted" ]
	The S-75 is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defence system, built around a surface-to-air missile with command guidance. Following its first deployment in				[ "air missile with command guidance" ]
	A gas holder, or gasometer, is a large container in which natural gas or town gas is stored near atmospheric pressure at ambient temperatures. The volume of the				[ "natural gas or town gas", "near atmospheric pressure at ambient" ]
	Leek is a village and former municipality in Groningen province in the northeastern Netherlands. The municipality, which bordered the Drenthe and				[ "province in the northeastern Netherlands", "which bordered the Drenthe and" ]
	Maria Feodorovna was Empress consort of Russia as the second wife of Tsar Paul I. She was the founder of the Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria.				[ "consort of Russia as the", "She was the founder of" ]
	"David Robert Jones is a former CEO of Havas and Havas Worldwide, cofounder of global youth forum One Young World and founder of You & Mr Jones.				[ "is a former CEO of", "Young World and founder of" ]
	Little Papineau Lake is a lake in Hastings Highlands, Ontario. The lake lies approximately 329m above sea level and is 83 hectares in size with a maximum				[ "a lake in Hastings Highlands", "m above sea level and", "in size with a maximum" ]
	Jordanstown railway station serves Jordanstown and the University of Ulster in Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland. A park and ride facility for the				[ "Jordanstown railway station serves Jordanstown", "and ride facility for the" ]
	This is a list of foods of the Southern United States. The cuisine of the Southern United States has many various dishes and foods.				[ "This is a list of", "The cuisine of the Southern" ]
	The Mark 101 Lulu was an airdropped nuclear depth charge developed by the U. S. Navy and the Atomic Energy Commission during the 1950s. It carried a				[ "was an airdropped nuclear depth" ]
	Rothsville is a census-designated place, associated with the town of Lititz, PA, in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. Lititz, PA, is the town for				[ "associated with the town of" ]
	Raymond Ahipene-Mercer is a former New Zealand politician, who served as a Wellington City Councillor for the Eastern Ward, only the second Māori to be				[ "is a former New Zealand", "served as a Wellington City" ]
	The Down Town Association in the City of New York, usually referred to as the Down Town Association, is a private club in the Financial District of				[ "is a private club in", "the City of New York" ]
	Walter Langton of Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire, was Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield and Treasurer of England. The life of Langton was strongly influenced				[ "Lichfield and Treasurer of England" ]
	Overlake Transit Center is a bus station and future light rail station in Redmond, Washington. The current bus station opened in 2002 and is located on the				[ "station and future light rail", "The current bus station opened" ]
	The University of Bath is a public university located in Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom. It received its royal charter in 1966, along with a number of other				[ "is a public university located", "along with a number of" ]
	USS George Washington (CVN-73) is a United States Navy nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, the sixth carrier in the Nimitz class and the fourth US Navy				[ "carrier in the Nimitz class" ]
	The Samanid mausoleum, built in the 10th century C.E., is located in the northwestern part of Bukhara, Uzbekistan, just outside its historic center. It was built as				[ "located in the northwestern part", "just outside its historic center" ]
	This table shows an overview of the immovable heritage sites in the Flemish town Hasselt. This list is part of Belgium's national heritage.				[ "overview of the immovable heritage", "This list is part of" ]
	Svirce is a village in the south of municipality of Medveđa, Serbia. Until the 1999 Kosovo War it had 1300 people, the largest village in population in Medvedja				[ "in the south of municipality", "the largest village in population" ]
	Kaunas Central Post Office is a post office in Kaunas, Lithuania, which is one of the most notable buildings from the period when Kaunas was the temporary				[ "the period when Kaunas was", "is a post office in" ]
	Erinnyis obscura, the obscure sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Johann Christian Fabricius in 1775. It lives from				[ "moth of the family Sphingidae" ]
	Tobu World Square is a theme park in Kinugawa Onsen, Nikkō, Tochigi, Japan. The theme park contains over a hundred 1:25 scale models of famous buildings,				[ "is a theme park in", "scale models of famous buildings" ]
	Nibbler is an arcade snake game released in 1982 by Chicago-based developer Rock-Ola. The player navigates a snake through an enclosed				[ "is an arcade snake game", "The player navigates a snake" ]
	Kay Bailey Hutchison is an American attorney, television correspondent, politician and diplomat serving as the 22nd and current United States Permanent				[ "politician and diplomat serving as", "and current United States Permanent" ]
	Stanislav Libenský and Jaroslava Brychtová were contemporary artists. Their works are included in many major modern art collections, such as the				[ "are included in many major" ]
	Madinabonu Mannopova is an Uzbekistani taekwondo athlete. She won a silver medal at the 2018 Asian Games and a bronze at the 2018 Asian				[ "Asian Games and a bronze" ]
	The Ford Laser is a compact car, originally a subcompact car in the first three generations, which was sold by Ford in Asia, Oceania, and parts of South America, and				[ "a subcompact car in the" ]
	The Paymaster of the Forces was a position in the British government. The office was established 1661 one year after the Restoration of the Monarchy				[ "was a position in the", "after the Restoration of the" ]
	Plitvice Lakes National Park is one of the oldest and largest national parks in Croatia. In 1979, Plitvice Lakes National Park was added to the UNESCO World				[ "oldest and largest national parks" ]
	Perafita is a municipality in the comarca of Osona in Catalonia, Spain.				[ "is a municipality in the" ]
	Oliver Township is a township in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,083 at the 2010 census. It was named after Commodore				[ "is a township in Jefferson", "It was named after Commodore" ]
	Fiad is a village in Somogy county, Hungary.				[ "a village in Somogy county" ]
	The list of cannon by caliber contains all types of cannon through the ages listed in decreasing caliber size. For the purpose of this list, the				[ "by caliber contains all types", "cannon through the ages listed", "For the purpose of this" ]
	The Lounge Kittens was an English comedy lounge band formed in Southampton in 2012. They perform covers of classic popular songs, in particular rock				[ "band formed in Southampton in", "perform covers of classic popular" ]
	Stenonychosaurus is a genus of troodontid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, as well as possibly the Two Medicine				[ "a genus of troodontid dinosaur", "the Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Park" ]

End of preview. Expand in Dataset Viewer.

The VCR-Wiki Dataset for Visual Caption Restoration (VCR)

🏠 Paper | 👩🏻‍💻 GitHub | 🤗 Huggingface Datasets | 📏 Evaluation with lmms-eval

This is the official Hugging Face dataset for VCR-Wiki, a dataset for the Visual Caption Restoration (VCR) task.

VCR is designed to measure vision-language models' capability to accurately restore partially obscured texts using pixel-level hints within images. text-based processing becomes ineffective in VCR as accurate text restoration depends on the combined information from provided images, context, and subtle cues from the tiny exposed areas of masked texts.

We found that OCR and text-based processing become ineffective in VCR as accurate text restoration depends on the combined information from provided images, context, and subtle cues from the tiny exposed areas of masked texts. We develop a pipeline to generate synthetic images for the VCR task using image-caption pairs, with adjustable caption visibility to control the task difficulty. However, this task is generally easy for native speakers of the corresponding language. Initial results indicate that current vision-language models fall short compared to human performance on this task.

Benchmark

EM means "Exact Match" and Jaccard means "Jaccard Similarity". The best in closed source and open source are highlighted in bold. The second best are highlighted in italic. Closed source models are evaluated based on 500 test samples, while open source models are evaluated based on 5000 test samples.

Model	Size (unknown for closed source)	En Easy EM	En Easy Jaccard	En Hard EM	En Hard Jaccard	Zh Easy EM	Zh Easy Jaccard	Zh Hard EM	Zh Hard Jaccard
Claude 3 Opus	-	62.0	77.67	37.8	57.68	0.9	11.5	0.3	9.22
Claude 3.5 Sonnet	-	63.85	74.65	41.74	56.15	1.0	7.54	0.2	4.0
GPT-4 Turbo	-	78.74	88.54	45.15	65.72	0.2	8.42	0.0	8.58
GPT-4V	-	52.04	65.36	25.83	44.63	-	-	-	-
GPT-4o	-	91.55	96.44	73.2	86.17	14.87	39.05	2.2	22.72
GPT-4o-mini	-	83.60	87.77	54.04	73.09	1.10	5.03	0	2.02
Gemini 1.5 Pro	-	62.73	77.71	28.07	51.9	1.1	11.1	0.7	11.82
Qwen-VL-Max	-	76.8	85.71	41.65	61.18	6.34	13.45	0.89	5.4
Reka Core	-	66.46	84.23	6.71	25.84	0.0	3.43	0.0	3.35
Cambrian-1	34B	79.69	89.27	27.20	50.04	0.03	1.27	0.00	1.37
Cambrian-1	13B	49.35	65.11	8.37	29.12	-	-	-	-
Cambrian-1	8B	71.13	83.68	13.78	35.78	-	-	-	-
CogVLM	17B	73.88	86.24	34.58	57.17	-	-	-	-
CogVLM2	19B	83.25	89.75	37.98	59.99	9.15	17.12	0.08	3.67
CogVLM2-Chinese	19B	79.90	87.42	25.13	48.76	33.24	57.57	1.34	17.35
DeepSeek-VL	1.3B	23.04	46.84	0.16	11.89	0.0	6.56	0.0	6.46
DeepSeek-VL	7B	38.01	60.02	1.0	15.9	0.0	4.08	0.0	5.11
DocOwl-1.5-Omni	8B	0.84	13.34	0.04	7.76	0.0	1.14	0.0	1.37
GLM-4v	9B	43.72	74.73	24.83	53.82	31.78	52.57	1.20	14.73
Idefics2	8B	15.75	31.97	0.65	9.93	-	-	-	-
InternLM-XComposer2-VL	7B	46.64	70.99	0.7	12.51	0.27	12.32	0.07	8.97
InternLM-XComposer2-VL-4KHD	7B	5.32	22.14	0.21	9.52	0.46	12.31	0.05	7.67
InternLM-XComposer2.5-VL	7B	41.35	63.04	0.93	13.82	0.46	12.97	0.11	10.95
InternVL-V1.5	26B	14.65	51.42	1.99	16.73	4.78	26.43	0.03	8.46
InternVL-V2	26B	74.51	86.74	6.18	24.52	9.02	32.50	0.05	9.49
InternVL-V2	40B	84.67	92.64	13.10	33.64	22.09	47.62	0.48	12.57
InternVL-V2	76B	83.20	91.26	18.45	41.16	20.58	44.59	0.56	15.31
InternVL-V2-Pro	-	77.41	86.59	12.94	35.01	19.58	43.98	0.84	13.97
MiniCPM-V2.5	8B	31.81	53.24	1.41	11.94	4.1	18.03	0.09	7.39
Monkey	7B	50.66	67.6	1.96	14.02	0.62	8.34	0.12	6.36
Qwen-VL	7B	49.71	69.94	2.0	15.04	0.04	1.5	0.01	1.17
Yi-VL	34B	0.82	5.59	0.07	4.31	0.0	4.44	0.0	4.12
Yi-VL	6B	0.75	5.54	0.06	4.46	0.00	4.37	0.00	4.0

Model Evaluation

Method 1: use the evaluation script

Open-source evaluation

We support open-source model_id:

["openbmb/MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5",
"OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5",
"internlm/internlm-xcomposer2-vl-7b",
"internlm/internlm-xcomposer2-4khd-7b",
"internlm/internlm-xcomposer2d5-7b",
"HuggingFaceM4/idefics2-8b",
"Qwen/Qwen-VL-Chat",
"THUDM/cogvlm2-llama3-chinese-chat-19B",
"THUDM/cogvlm2-llama3-chat-19B",
"THUDM/cogvlm-chat-hf",
"echo840/Monkey-Chat",
"THUDM/glm-4v-9b",
"nyu-visionx/cambrian-phi3-3b",
"nyu-visionx/cambrian-8b",
"nyu-visionx/cambrian-13b",
"nyu-visionx/cambrian-34b",
"OpenGVLab/InternVL2-26B",
"OpenGVLab/InternVL2-40B"
"OpenGVLab/InternVL2-Llama3-76B",]

For the models not on list, they are not intergated with huggingface, please refer to their github repo to create the evaluation pipeline. Examples of the inference logic are in src/evaluation/inference.py

pip install -r requirements.txt
# We use HuggingFaceM4/idefics2-8b and vcr_wiki_en_easy as an example
cd src/evaluation
# Evaluate the results and save the evaluation metrics to {model_id}_{difficulty}_{language}_evaluation_result.json
python3 evaluation_pipeline.py --dataset_handler "vcr-org/VCR-wiki-en-easy-test" --model_id HuggingFaceM4/idefics2-8b --device "cuda" --output_path . --bootstrap --end_index 5000

For large models like "OpenGVLab/InternVL2-Llama3-76B", you may have to use multi-GPU to do the evaluation. You can specify --device to None to use all GPUs available.

Close-source evaluation (using API)

We provide the evaluation script for the close-source models in src/evaluation/closed_source_eval.py.

You need an API Key, a pre-saved testing dataset and specify the path of the data saving the paper

pip install -r requirements.txt
cd src/evaluation
# [download images to inference locally option 1] save the testing dataset to the path using script from huggingface
python3 save_image_from_dataset.py --output_path .
# [download images to inference locally option 2] save the testing dataset to the path using github repo
# use en-easy-test-500 as an example
git clone https://github.com/tianyu-z/VCR-wiki-en-easy-test-500.git

# specify your image path if you would like to inference using the image stored locally by --image_path "path_to_image", otherwise, the script will streaming the images from github repo
python3 closed_source_eval.py --model_id gpt4o --dataset_handler "VCR-wiki-en-easy-test-500" --api_key "Your_API_Key"

# Evaluate the results and save the evaluation metrics to {model_id}_{difficulty}_{language}_evaluation_result.json
python3 evaluation_metrics.py --model_id gpt4o --output_path . --json_filename "gpt4o_en_easy.json" --dataset_handler "vcr-org/VCR-wiki-en-easy-test-500"

# To get the mean score of all the `{model_id}_{difficulty}_{language}_evaluation_result.json` in `jsons_path` (and the std, confidence interval if `--bootstrap`) of the evaluation metrics
python3 gather_results.py --jsons_path .

Method 2: use VLMEvalKit framework

You may need to incorporate the inference method of your model if the VLMEvalKit framework does not support it. For details, please refer to here

git clone https://github.com/open-compass/VLMEvalKit.git
cd VLMEvalKit
# We use HuggingFaceM4/idefics2-8b and VCR_EN_EASY_ALL as an example
python run.py --data VCR_EN_EASY_ALL --model idefics2_8b --verbose

You may find the supported model list here.

VLMEvalKit supports the following VCR --data settings:

English
- Easy
  - VCR_EN_EASY_ALL (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - VCR_EN_EASY_500 (first 500 instances in the VCR_EN_EASY_ALL setting)
  - VCR_EN_EASY_100 (first 100 instances in the VCR_EN_EASY_ALL setting)
- Hard
  - VCR_EN_HARD_ALL (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - VCR_EN_HARD_500 (first 500 instances in the VCR_EN_HARD_ALL setting)
  - VCR_EN_HARD_100 (first 100 instances in the VCR_EN_HARD_ALL setting)
Chinese
- Easy
  - VCR_ZH_EASY_ALL (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - VCR_ZH_EASY_500 (first 500 instances in the VCR_ZH_EASY_ALL setting)
  - VCR_ZH_EASY_100 (first 100 instances in the VCR_ZH_EASY_ALL setting)
- Hard
  - VCR_ZH_HARD_ALL (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - VCR_ZH_HARD_500 (first 500 instances in the VCR_ZH_HARD_ALL setting)
  - VCR_ZH_HARD_100 (first 100 instances in the VCR_ZH_HARD_ALL setting)

Method 3: use lmms-eval framework

You may need to incorporate the inference method of your model if the lmms-eval framework does not support it. For details, please refer to here

pip install git+https://github.com/EvolvingLMMs-Lab/lmms-eval.git
# We use HuggingFaceM4/idefics2-8b and vcr_wiki_en_easy as an example
python3 -m accelerate.commands.launch --num_processes=8 -m lmms_eval --model idefics2 --model_args pretrained="HuggingFaceM4/idefics2-8b" --tasks vcr_wiki_en_easy --batch_size 1 --log_samples --log_samples_suffix HuggingFaceM4_idefics2-8b_vcr_wiki_en_easy --output_path ./logs/

You may find the supported model list here.

lmms-eval supports the following VCR --tasks settings:

English
- Easy
  - vcr_wiki_en_easy (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - vcr_wiki_en_easy_500 (first 500 instances in the vcr_wiki_en_easy setting)
  - vcr_wiki_en_easy_100 (first 100 instances in the vcr_wiki_en_easy setting)
- Hard
  - vcr_wiki_en_hard (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - vcr_wiki_en_hard_500 (first 500 instances in the vcr_wiki_en_hard setting)
  - vcr_wiki_en_hard_100 (first 100 instances in the vcr_wiki_en_hard setting)
Chinese
- Easy
  - vcr_wiki_zh_easy (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - vcr_wiki_zh_easy_500 (first 500 instances in the vcr_wiki_zh_easy setting)
  - vcr_wiki_zh_easy_100 (first 100 instances in the vcr_wiki_zh_easy setting)
- Hard
  - vcr_wiki_zh_hard (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - vcr_wiki_zh_hard_500 (first 500 instances in the vcr_wiki_zh_hard setting)
  - vcr_wiki_zh_hard_100 (first 100 instances in the vcr_wiki_zh_hard setting)

Dataset Statistics

We show the statistics of the original VCR-Wiki dataset below:

Dataset Construction

Data Collection and Initial Filtering: The original data is collected from wikimedia/wit_base. Before constructing the dataset, we first filter out the instances with sensitive content, including NSFW and crime-related terms, to mitigate AI risk and biases.
N-gram selection: We first truncate the description of each entry to be less than 5 lines with our predefined font and size settings. We then tokenize the description for each entry with spaCy and randomly mask out 5-grams, where the masked 5-grams do not contain numbers, person names, religious or political groups, facilities, organizations, locations, dates and time labeled by spaCy, and the total masked token does not exceed 50% of the tokens in the caption.
Create text embedded in images: We create text embedded in images (TEI) for the description, resize its width to 300 pixels, and mask out the selected 5-grams with white rectangles. The size of the rectangle reflects the difficulty of the task: (1) in easy versions, the task is easy for native speakers but open-source OCR models almost always fail, and (2) in hard versions, the revealed part consists of only one to two pixels for the majority of letters or characters, yet the restoration task remains feasible for native speakers of the language.
Concatenate Images: We concatenate TEI with the main visual image (VI) to get the stacked image.
Second-round Filtering: We filter out all entries with no masked n-grams or have a height exceeding 900 pixels.

Data Fields

question_id: int64, the instance id in the current split.
image: PIL.Image.Image, the original visual image (VI).
stacked_image: PIL.Image.Image, the stacked VI+TEI image containing both the original visual image and the masked text embedded in image.
only_id_image: PIL.Image.Image, the masked TEI image.
caption: str, the unmasked original text presented in the TEI image.
crossed_text: List[str], the masked n-grams in the current instance.

Disclaimer for the VCR-Wiki dataset and Its Subsets

The VCR-Wiki dataset and/or its subsets are provided under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. This dataset is intended solely for research and educational purposes in the field of visual caption restoration and related vision-language tasks.

Important Considerations:

Accuracy and Reliability: While the VCR-Wiki dataset has undergone filtering to exclude sensitive content, it may still contain inaccuracies or unintended biases. Users are encouraged to critically evaluate the dataset's content and applicability to their specific research objectives.
Ethical Use: Users must ensure that their use of the VCR-Wiki dataset aligns with ethical guidelines and standards, particularly in avoiding harm, perpetuating biases, or misusing the data in ways that could negatively impact individuals or groups.
Modifications and Derivatives: Any modifications or derivative works based on the VCR-Wiki dataset must be shared under the same license (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Commercial Use: Commercial use of the VCR-Wiki dataset is permitted under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, provided that proper attribution is given and any derivative works are shared under the same license.

By using the VCR-Wiki dataset and/or its subsets, you agree to the terms and conditions outlined in this disclaimer and the associated license. The creators of the dataset are not liable for any direct or indirect damages resulting from its use.

Citation

If you find VCR useful for your research and applications, please cite using this BibTeX:

@article{zhang2024vcr,
  title   = {VCR: Visual Caption Restoration},
  author  = {Tianyu Zhang and Suyuchen Wang and Lu Li and Ge Zhang and Perouz Taslakian and Sai Rajeswar and Jie Fu and Bang Liu and Yoshua Bengio},
  year    = {2024},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv: 2406.06462}
}