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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Daniel Vettori became the 12th player to take 300 one-day international wickets as New Zealand eased to a six-wicket victory against Afghanistan. The 36-year-old, who took an impressive 4-18, is the first New Zealander to pass the landmark and now sits in the esteemed company of greats such as Muttiah Muralitharan, Wasim Akram and Glenn McGrath. Afghanistan required a seventh-wicket partnership of 86 between Najibullah Zadran and Samiullah Shenwari to post a respectable 186 all out, having chosen to bat, but a 19-ball 42 from Brendon McCullum ensured there would be no shock in Napier. Daniel Vettori became the 12th player to take 300 one-day international wickets . Vettori of New Zealand celebrates taking the wicket of Afsar Zazai of Afghanistan at the Cricket World Cup . Vettori celebrates with Brendon McCullum after taking the wicket of Zazai during the Cricket World Cup match . Perhaps a mark of the man and an added insight into the where the focus of the team remains, Vettori said the landmark was something he would think about after the World Cup. 'Right now we are caught up in the middle of a World Cup,' he said. 'We have an important game on Friday (group game against Bangladesh), and then probably the most important of our careers the following Saturday (quarter-final). 'Maybe in a month, it will be the time to look back on it. I didn't go into the World Cup thinking about that milestone, I didn't believe I would take this many wickets in this few games.' Understandably stung from being smashed for a record-breaking 417 runs by Australia in Perth days earlier, Mohammad Nabi chose to bat after calling correctly at the toss. Afghanistan were made to pay for a choice that signaled a slight naivety within the camp, with their own coaching staff having previously admitted that bowling was the side's strong suit. The newcomers to the World Cup stage collapsed to 34-3 and then 59-6, as Vettori caused most of the damage after Trent Boult had Javed Ahmadi trapped lbw for just one. McCullum has developed into an imposing captain, known for his ingenuity and outrageously attacking fields – so his decision to bowl his spinner in just the third over was met with mild surprise. The decision was less genius and more to allow New Zealand's opening bowlers, Tim Southee and Boult, to switch ends. The 36-year-old is the first New Zealander to pass the landmark of 300 ODI wickets . New Zealand eased to a six-wicket win over Afghanistan at the Cricket World Cup on Sunday . He now sits in the company of greats such as Muttiah Muralitharan, Wasim Akram and Glenn McGrath . Vettori of New Zealand speaks at a post-match press conference following their Cricket World Cup win . Still, Vettori showed that he's as accurate in the third over as in the 15th as he struck with his first ball. Usman Ghani lost sight of the ball and saw his off stump disturbed. With his opening strike bowlers having switched ends, McCullum resumed the pace attack, and Asghar Stanikzai could only send a short ball from Boult into the geelful clutches of Martin Guptil. Southee, struggling with his line and length, was replaced by Vettori, who took No.300 by bowling Nawroz Mangal for 27 with the first ball of his third over. The Auckland-born spinner was on a roll and had Nabi (6) and Afsar Zazai dismissed off consecutive balls. Nabi was caught at slip, while Zazai was trapped leg before. That brought Najibullah to the crease for the hat-trick ball, and the batsman was welcomed by the sight of nine men around his bat, with no fielder outside the circle. However, he survived and showed maturity beyond his years in his partnership with Shenwari before departing after a run-a-ball 56 that ended when he top-edged a short and wide bouncer from Adam Milne to Vettori at third man. New Zealand's Ross Taylor gets a handshake from Afghanistan's Hamid Hassan (left) after the match . New Zealand are very much on course to end their World Cup victory drought . Shenwari, undoubtedly Afghanistan's best batsman in this tournament, was the anchor of his side's innings, and he made 54 off 110 balls before falling to Corey Anderson. An entertaining cameo from Hamid Hassan (16 off 21) took Afghanistan to 186, but for the fifth consecutive World Cup match New Zealand bowled out their opposition. The number of orange target T-shirts seemed to double after the resumption of play with the crowd undoubtedly expecting McCullum to send a few balls into the stand and help them earn a share of the pot of money for the 'one-handed crowd catch' promotion. But McCullum cleared the rope just once in his innings before being bowled by Nabi with one that kept a touch low. His departure unsurprisingly slowed the run chase, and when Kane Williamson picked out midwicket off Shapoor Zardan for 33, the Afghans believed they had a chance. Two comical run-outs saw Martin Guptill (57) and Grant Elliott (19) further add to the nerves of the McLean Park crowd, but Ross Taylor, the birthday boy, held his nerve to steer New Zealand home. The same side, the same outcome, the same feeling after the match – New Zealand are very much on course to end their World Cup victory drought. | Daniel Vettori became just the 12th player to take 300 ODI wickets . The 36-year-old is the first New Zealander to pass the landmark . He took 4-18 to earn his place among greats such as Muttiah Muralitharan . New Zealand eased to a six-wicket victory over Afghanistan in Napier . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Fast bowler James Anderson has warned all of England's World Cup flops will face battles to salvage their limited-overs careers. England boss Peter Moores has faced the brunt of the criticism and Anderson recognises his former Lancashire coach is under close scrutiny, after defeat to Bangladesh on Monday ended hopes of reaching the quarter-finals. Anderson told The Sun: 'Peter's position might come under pressure in the next few weeks but every member of this squad should also come under pressure. There have been guys - myself included - who have not performed.' James Anderson arrives at Sydney Airport, after defeat against Bangladesh in Adelaide knocked them out . England boss Peter Moores has faced the brunt of the criticism following a dismal World Cup . England batsman James Taylor reacts after he was dismissed by Bangladesh bowler Taskin Ahmed . Bangladesh players celebrate after they defeated England in their Cricket World Cup match . Bangladesh players celebrate after they defeated England by 15 runs in their Cricket World Cup match . Anderson, who has taken a meagre four wickets in five matches, is determined to emerge from his own doldrums and prove he can again be a menacing strike bowler at the highest level. 'I want to carry on,' he said in his column for the newspaper. 'I came into the World Cup as the number four-ranked one-day bowler in the world so my form in the last couple of years has been good.' Yet he admits to feeling 'a mixture of seething anger and devastation' over England's performance in Australia and New Zealand, and said the team 'let down' the coaching staff and supporters. Stuart Broad arrives at Sydney Airport after England's defeat to Bangladesh in the World Cup . England have faced widespread accusations of being out of step with the pace of modern one-day international cricket, and reliant on statistics rather than their instincts. Anderson disputes that, and said: 'Peter does not suffocate players with statistics and data. The numbers are available if a player wants them. It is up to each individual.' England and Wales Cricket Board managing director Paul Downton has promised there will be no knee-jerk reaction to the team's failure, which may mean Moores is safe in his job for the medium term. That would be welcomed by Anderson, who said: 'I want Peter to stay as head coach.' Moeen Ali arrives at Sydney Airport after their defeat against Bangladesh in Adelaide . | England crashed out of the World Cup following defeat to Bangladesh . Boss Peter Moores has faced the brunt of the criticism following the exit . But Anderson has warned the players they will also face a salvage battle . England face Afghanistan in their remaining World Cup fixture . CLICK HERE for all the latest Cricket World Cup 2015 news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Asking a young child to talk about Nelson Mandela and the concept of human rights, equality or the right to individual self-realisation is quite a leap from asking them about their favourite food. But that's exactly what Amnesty International has done, in a heart-warming video called Human Rights Heroes Of The Future, which poses such questions to children ranging in age from five to nine. One girl is asked: What did Nelson Mandela do? She says: 'He stood up for what he believed - that white people shouldn't just have all the fun and black people should have fun as well.' Another is asked: Who was Nelson Mandela? She replies: 'Nelson Mandela was a man who thought that black people should just have the amount of right just as the white people should. 'But then he was put into jail because of what he said - and then he finally went out because people were protesting for him to come out. And then there was a song Free Nelson Mandela - and everything kind of became how he wanted it to be.' Meanwhile, an equally challenging poser is put to a 'short five-year-old' boy: What does equality look like? His sweet response? 'If there was one man over here like he was five years old, and one man over here like he was five years old too, they would all be the same size.' 'Nelson Mandela was a man who thought that black people should just have the amount of right just as the white people should.' This was the reply to one of a series of human rights questions put by Amnesty International to children aged five to nine . 'Fear - the more you worry about it, the bigger it gets... and the more you think positively, the more fear would be, like friendly - you wouldn't worry about anything, and have a great time basically' 'If there was one man over here like he was five years old, and one man over here like he was five years old too, they would all be the same size' Other questions put to the youngsters included topics that might faze some grown-ups. For example: At a time of daunting global events, many people are afraid. What would you advise? A boy, aged about nine's reply? 'Fear - the more you worry about it, the bigger it gets... and the more you think positively, the more fear would be, like friendly - you wouldn't worry about anything, and have a great time basically.' The video was released by the human rights organisation to coincide with the publication of its new book Dreams Of Freedom on World Book Day. The book combines the words of human rights heroes such as Nelson Mandela, the Dalai Lama, Anne Frank, Chief Standing Bear, Malala and Aung San Suu Kyi with beautiful illustrations from international artists including Oliver Jeffers and Chris Riddell. In a time when children across the world are traumatised, frightened and confused by news events, the aim of the book is to empower them to explore hard-won rights and understand how precious they are. 'The world wouldn't be the same... the world would be terrible - and it would be quite boring' 'Being unique without anybody stopping you being unique' The video was released by the human rights organisation to coincide with the publication of its new book Dreams Of Freedom on World Book Day . Author and former Children’s Laureate Michael Morpurgo wrote in the foreword to the book: 'Dreams Of Freedom is a feast of visual stories – brave words and beautiful pictures, woven together to inspire young readers to stand up for others and to make a difference. 'It gives me great hope for the freedom of future generations. 'I have grown up, not in a perfect country by any means, but in a society where, by and large, we can say what we like, write what we like, be who we want to be, so long as we do not threaten the liberty of others and so long as we respect their rights. 'What we can forget, if we are not careful, is that it was not always like this. These rights have been fought for, died for, argued over, for centuries. 'Indeed the struggle to protect and defend our freedom goes on, both in our own country and in the world beyond.' Kate Allen, Amnesty’s UK Director, said: 'In a time when many children can't help seeing news about threats from terrorism and other atrocities, this book celebrates heroism and shows how important it is for all of us to stand up and make a difference. 'Every child should be given the strength to stand up for themselves and each other. 'There is no better book to inspire and empower young readers, to give them courage and confidence for the future.' Dreams of Freedom’ can be pre-ordered from good bookshops or at http://amnestyshop.org.uk/ - published March 5. Published by Frances Lincoln Children's Books in association with Amnesty International (to whom all royalties will be donated). Nelson Mandela and wife Winnie, walking hand in hand, raise clenched fists upon his release from Victor Verster prison, Cape Town, in February 1990 . | Amnesty International posed questions to children aged five to nine . One child is asked: At a time of daunting global events, many people are afraid. What would you advise? Their reply? 'The more you think positively, the more fear would be, like friendly... you wouldn't worry about anything, and have a great time' Video coincides with release of Amnesty's book Dreams Of Freedom, on World Book Day . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Can't see Harry Potter's Albus Dumbledore as gay? Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling has a terse message for you. Rowling revealed that the Hogwarts School headmaster was gay after "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows," the final book in the boy wizard series, was released in 2007. Fan Ana Kocovic started the exchange by asking the author, "I wonder why you said that Dumbledore is gay because I can't see him in that way." "Maybe because gay people just look like ... people?" Rowling wrote in her March 24 reply. Rowling's fans loved it. | A Harry Potter fan took to social media to say she didn't see Dumbledore as gay . Author J.K. Rowling's quick response won the day on Twitter . |
What kind of food comprises Estonian cuisine? | Traditional Estonian cuisine has substantially been based on meat and potatoes, and on fish in coastal and lakeside areas, but now bears influence from many other cuisines, including a variety of international foods and dishes, with a number of contributions from the traditions of nearby countries. Scandinavian, German, Russian, Latvian, Lithuanian and other influences have played their part. The most typical foods in Estonia have been rye bread, pork, potatoes and dairy products. Estonian eating habits have historically been closely linked to the seasons. In terms of staples, Estonia belongs firmly to the beer, vodka, rye bread and pork "belt" of Europe. | Estonian cuisine is generally based on meat, potatoes, fish, and more recently bears. In most typical Estonian foods you'll find rye bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products. |
Extract the most recent owner from the following Wikipedia paragraph. | Owners
Further information: Category:Seattle Storm owners
Barry and Ginger Ackerley, owners of the Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001)
Howard Schultz, owner of the Seattle SuperSonics (2001–2006)
Clay Bennett, owner of the Seattle SuperSonics (2007)
Force 10 Hoops LLC, composed of Dawn Trudeau, Lisa Brummel, Ginny Gilder (2008–present) | The current owner of the Seattle Storm is Force 10 Hoops LLC, which is composed of Dawn Trudeau, Lisa Brummel, Ginny Gilder. They have owned the Seattle Storm since 2008. |
Given this paragraph about Singapore, who was Singapore's first president? | After being expelled from Malaysia, Singapore became independent as the Republic of Singapore on 9 August 1965, with Lee Kuan Yew and Yusof bin Ishak as the first prime minister and president respectively. In 1967, the country co-founded the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Race riots broke out once more in 1969. Lee Kuan Yew's emphasis on rapid economic growth, support for business entrepreneurship, and limitations on internal democracy shaped Singapore's policies for the next half-century. Economic growth continued throughout the 1980s, with the unemployment rate falling to 3% and real GDP growth averaging at about 8% up until 1999. During the 1980s, Singapore began to shift towards high-tech industries, such as the wafer fabrication sector, in order to remain competitive as neighbouring countries began manufacturing with cheaper labour. Singapore Changi Airport was opened in 1981 and Singapore Airlines was formed. The Port of Singapore became one of the world's busiest ports and the service and tourism industries also grew immensely during this period. | Yusof bin Ishak |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New Delhi, India (CNN)Do not generalize India as a country of rapists. That was the firm message from the German ambassador in New Delhi after a professor back home was accused of turning down a male Indian student's application for an internship due to the South Asian nation's "rape problem." Professor Annette Beck-Sickinger never did such a thing, according to her and the University of Leipzig. The university points out four of her 30 students and two of her laboratory interns come from India; while it wasn't clear how many of them were men, the university said 29 of its 44 Indian students total are male. Still, Beck-Sickinger has admitted making a mistake by engaging the rejected intern candidate with talk about rape in Indian society and how the issue spurred "many (other) female professors in Germany (have) decided to no longer accept male Indian students for these reasons." "It was never my intention to make a defamatory comment about Indian society," she said, according to a statement posted on the website of the University of Leipzig. "I do not have anything against Indian students -- on the contrary. I sincerely apologize to anyone whose feelings I may have hurt." Marital rape: Why is it legal in India? The firestorm began with a recent post on the social-networking site Quora. It featured what appeared to be screenshots of email excerpts involving someone in the University of Leipzig's biochemistry department. They fell under this provocative headline: "What should an Indian male student do if he is denied an internship opportunity on the basis of India being projected as an unsafe country for women?" The post didn't identify Beck-Sickinger, blacking out the name of the emails' author. But it did lead with this statement that was later linked to her: "Unfortunately I don't accept any Indian male students for internships. We hear a lot about the rape problem in India which I cannot support. I have many female students in the group, so I think this attitude is something I cannot support." The thing is, Beck-Sickinger says she "never wrote" such a message, claiming this email was "put together from individual segments taken from different mails." "I do not reject students because of reasons of race or gender, " she added. "I am by no means racist or xenophobic in any way." Here's what the University of Leipzig says did happen: The professor told the candidate "the laboratories are fully occupied." The Indian applicant "didn't accept" this rejection, the university says, and went back-and-forth with Beck-Sickinger over email. During that exchange, Beck-Sickinger wrote things that she later regretted -- excerpts of which were posted to Quora and the university acknowledged as legitimate. Speaking about how Indian men might be stereotyped due to reports about alarming instances of rape in their native country, she said, "I fully agree that this is a generalization and may not apply to individuals. However it is also unbelievable that the Indian society is not able to solve this problem for many years now." India bans rape documentary . Beck-Sickinger referred to regular reports of "multi-rape crimes" and abuse of female tourists that, "for me ... demonstrate the attitude of society towards (women)." Such incidents have moved other female professors to reject male Indians "and currently other European female associations are joining." "Of course we cannot change or influence the Indian society," she added, "but only take our consequences here in Europe." The idea that the professor wouldn't accept male Indians for internships -- as reported by Quora and denied by the University of Leipzig -- riled up some in India, a number of whom wrote on the Quora thread. One user, identified as Sas Vijay, said, "Don't leave this issue. It is a serious fault to generalize people on such grounds. File a complaint." Another user, posting as Hemanth Sriteja, wrote, "I don't wanna come to an era where I should say 'Hii (sic), I'm from India, I'm not a rapist." One person echoing that view publicly is Michael Steiner, Germany's ambassador to India. "Your oversimplifying and discriminating generalization is an offense to these women and men ardently committed to furthering women empowerment in India; and it is an offense to millions of law-abiding, tolerant, open-minded and hard-working Indians," Steiner wrote Monday in a letter posted on the embassy website. "Let's be clear: India is not a country of rapists." The ambassador urged Beck-Sickinger "to learn more about the diverse, dynamic and fascinating country and the many welcoming and open-minded people of India so that you could correct a simplistic image, which — in my opinion — is particularly unsuitable for a professor and teacher." CNN's Harmeet Shah Sing and journalist Kunal Sehgal reported from India, and CNN's Greg Botelho wrote this story from Atlanta. CNN's Stephanie Halasz contributed to this report. | Professor notes she has Indians in her class and interning at her laboratory . An online post suggests a German professor rejected a student over India's "rape problem" Professor denies this but does apologize for anyone "hurt" by her remarks on Indian society . |
Extract the names of the trophies given to the French Open singles champions and provide them in a bulleted list. | French Open
The trophies have been awarded to the winners since 1953 and are manufactured by Mellerio dits Meller, a famous Parisian jewelry house. They are all made of pure silver with finely etched decorations on their side. Each new singles winner gets his or her name written on the base of the trophy. Winners receive custom-made pure silver replicas of the trophies they have won. They are usually presented by the President of the French Tennis Federation (FFT).
The trophy awarded to the winner of the men's singles is called the Coupe des Mousquetaires (The Musketeers' Cup). It is named in honor of the "Four Musketeers". The trophy weighs 14 kg, is 40 cm high and 19 cm wide. The current design was created in 1981 by the Mellerio dit Meller. Each winner gets a smaller-size replica and the original remains property of the FFT at all times.
The trophy awarded to the winner of the women's singles is called the Coupe Suzanne Lenglen (Suzanne Lenglen Cup) since 1979. The current cup was awarded for the first time in 1986. It is, with a few details, a replica of a cup offered at the time by the city of Nice to Suzanne Lenglen. This trophy, donated by Suzanne Lenglen's family to the Musée National du Sport, was awarded between 1979 and 1985 to every winner until the FFT made a copy. Each winner receives a smaller-size replica and the original remains property of the FFT at all times. | - Coupe des Mousquetaires (The Musketeers' Cup)
- Coupe Suzanne Lenglen (Suzanne Lenglen Cup) |
What is special about the number 1729? | The number 1729 is known as the Hardy–Ramanujan number after a famous visit by Hardy to see Ramanujan at a hospital. In Hardy's words:
I remember once going to see him when he was ill at Putney. I had ridden in taxi cab number 1729 and remarked that the number seemed to me rather a dull one, and that I hoped it was not an unfavorable omen. "No", he replied, "it is a very interesting number; it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways."
Immediately before this anecdote, Hardy quoted Littlewood as saying, "Every positive integer was one of [Ramanujan's] personal friends."
The two different ways are:
1729
=
1
3
+
12
3
=
9
3
+
10
3
.
{\displaystyle 1729=1^{3}+12^{3}=9^{3}+10^{3}.}
Generalisations of this idea have created the notion of "taxicab numbers". | 1729, known as the Hardy–Ramanujan number, is the smallest integer that can be expressed as the sum of the cubes of two unique pairs of integers. |
Did Tropics to the Snow win any awards? | From the Tropics to the Snow is a 1964 Australian short documentary film. It was one of the best known Australian films of the 1960s. It was produced under the auspices of the Commonwealth Film Unit (CFU), later reincorporated as Film Australia. It was co-directed by Jack Lee and Richard (Dick) Mason, and featured Reg Livermore (in his first film role) as one of the 'narrators'.
One of the regular duties of the CFU at this time was the production of short films that were purpose-made for overseas distribution and were intended to promote Australia as an attractive destination for migrants and tourists. From the Tropics to the Snow marked a significant break with the traditional style of such features, and is noted for its subversive and satirical approach to its subject.
Rather than using the stilted, authoritative single-voice narration that was typical of such 'promotion documentaries' at the time, Mason and Lee opted for a strikingly reflexive approach, using a lively (and frequently tongue-in-cheek) multi-voice narration, which is introduced through the dramatic device of a production planning meeting between the film's Producer-in-Chief (Alexander Archdale), the director (Alastair Smart) and the screenwriter (Livermore). This allowed the film to become an ironic critique of itself, humorously examining the mechanics of "documentary" film construction, and the competing pressures and choices that faced filmmakers when creating such films. It also gently parodied Lee and Mason's own situation as "young turks" charged with turning out what were in essence "production-line" propaganda films for a hidebound government department.
The film co-won the Australian Film Institute's Gold Medal for Best Film in 1965. | Yes, Tropics to the Snow was an Australian Film Institute's Gold Medal co-winner for Best Film in 1965. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sauber team principal Monisha Kaltenborn was able to leave Melbourne with a smile, happy to see the end of what she described as one of the worst weeks of her career. The first five and a half days from last Monday were overshadowed by a legal battle in the Supreme Court of Victoria with former reserve driver Giedo van der Garde and his claim on a full-time race-seat for this season. That was eventually resolved on Saturday morning ahead of qualifying for the Australian Grand Prix, although further talks are planned this week - in a private arena away from the courtroom - between both sides in a bid to finally close the matter. Monisha Kaltenborn was happy to end a tough week with a smile on her face at the Australian Grand Prix . Sauber have been embroiled in a legal battle with their former reserve driver Giedo van der Garde (centre) Once Sauber and Kaltenborn were again able to concentrate on the racing, drivers Marcus Ericsson and rookie Felipe Nasr acquitted themselves well. Nasr was a superb fifth - the highest position by a Brazilian driver on debut - while Ericsson's eighth-place finish was the best result by a Swede since Stefan Johansson in the 1989 Portuguese Grand Prix. When you consider Sauber endured the worst season in their history last year when they failed to score a point , their feats around Melbourne's Albert Park were all the more remarkable. 'It was a very nice ending to the weekend,' Kaltenborn said. 'The events of last week were not easy for the entire team. You can try to keep things away from them, but they are exposed to it. You just don't know how to shield it from them. On the track, Felipe Nasr finished fifth - the highest a Brazilian driver has ever finished on his debut . Kaltenborn (left) looks dejected as she attends a press conference of team principals in Melbourne last week . 'But it was impressive how the team continued to do their work, to remain focused and to bring home the kind of result we saw. 'For me personally, last week was probably one of my toughest in my time at Sauber, and I don't want to experience it again. 'I'm very glad it's over - all the more glad with the outcome (of the race) - and we focus now on the future.' Kaltenborn conceded on Friday the events of last week had resulted in 'a negative impact' on the team, but she felt confident that, given the tremendous result, it had now been restored. 'With what happened, the morale was affected, but you could feel they got themselves together,' Kaltenborn added. 'With these kind of results, you can have an extra push of motivation and you can feel good about it. 'This result tells people we're back, to forget about what happened last year, that it was a one-off and won't happen again.' | Sauber's opening week to the Formula One season was overshadowed by a legal battle with former reserve driver Giedo van der Garde . The case was over his claim on a full-time race seat for this season . That was resolved on Saturday morning and Sauber impressed at the Australian Grand Prix, their drivers finishing fifth and eighth . Last season, they didn't earn a point and team principal Monisha Kaltenborn admits she was happy to end a tough week with a smile . |
What are the three largest ethnic groups in Kenya? | Kenya has a diverse population that includes many of Africa's major ethnoracial and linguistic groups. Although there is no official list of Kenyan ethnic groups, the number of ethnic categories and sub-categories recorded in the country's census has changed significantly over time, expanding from 42 in 1969 to more than 120 in 2019. Most residents are Bantus (60%) or Nilotes (30%). Cushitic groups also form a small ethnic minority, as do Arabs, Indians, and Europeans.
According to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), in 2019, Kenya had a total population of 47,564,296. The largest native ethnic groups were the Kikuyu (8,148,668), Luhya (6,823,842), Kalenjin (6,358,113), Luo (5,066,966), Kamba (4,663,910), Somali (2,780,502), Kisii (2,703,235), Mijikenda (2,488,691), Meru (1,975,869), Maasai (1,189,522), and Turkana (1,016,174). The North Eastern Province of Kenya, formerly known as NFD, is predominantly inhabited by the indigenous ethnic Somalis. Foreign-rooted populations include Arabs, Asians, and Europeans. | The largest ethnic groups in Kenya are the Kikuyu, Luhya, and Kalenjin. |
Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution. | Article I describes the Congress, the legislative branch of the federal government. Section 1, reads, "All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives." The article establishes the manner of election and the qualifications of members of each body. Representatives must be at least 25 years old, be a citizen of the United States for seven years, and live in the state they represent. Senators must be at least 30 years old, be a citizen for nine years, and live in the state they represent.
Article I, Section 8 enumerates the powers delegated to the legislature. Financially, Congress has the power to tax, borrow, pay debt and provide for the common defense and the general welfare; to regulate commerce, bankruptcies, and coin money. To regulate internal affairs, it has the power to regulate and govern military forces and militias, suppress insurrections and repel invasions. It is to provide for naturalization, standards of weights and measures, post offices and roads, and patents; to directly govern the federal district and cessions of land by the states for forts and arsenals. Internationally, Congress has the power to define and punish piracies and offenses against the Law of Nations, to declare war and make rules of war. The final Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the Elastic Clause, expressly confers incidental powers upon Congress without the Articles' requirement for express delegation for each and every power. Article I, Section 9 lists eight specific limits on congressional power. | Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution defines the legislative branch of our government, or Congress, and establishes the qualifications to serve as part of that body. It goes on to define the powers and responsibilities delegated to Congress in providing for the defense and general welfare of the United States. |
Extract what Operating systems openRA supports from the below text and list them in a seperate line | OpenRA is an open source game engine reimplementation and remake of several Command & Conquer games, including Red Alert. It is built using OpenGL and SDL, has support for HiDPI, and is cross platform, supporting Windows, Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD. The engine has support for custom mods via an SDK. The games are remade for modern computers with updated gameplay, new campaigns, user-created and curated maps, and online play. Deviations from the originals included a choice between “right click” and classic “left click” control schemes, an overhauled sidebar interfaces for managing productions, support for game replays and an observer interface designed for video game live streaming. Fog of war that obscures the battlefield outside your units’ line of sight, civilian structures that can be captured to provide benefits and units gain experience as they fight and improve when they earn new ranks. The game supports handicapping players, Discord integration and community ladders. Experimental support for the remastered assets was published in 2023 as a binary compatible yet separate mod. | Here are the operating systems supported by OpenRA:
Windows
Linux
macOS
FreeBSD |
Please give me a short bulleted list of the major achievements Taylor Swift has achieved. | Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her genre-spanning discography, songwriting and artistic reinventions have received critical praise and wide media coverage. Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville at age 14 to become a country artist. She signed a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing in 2004 and a recording contract with Big Machine Records in 2005. Her 2006 self-titled debut album made her the first female country artist to write a U.S. platinum-certified album.
Swift's next albums, Fearless (2008) and Speak Now (2010), explored country pop. The former's "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me" were the first country songs to top the U.S. pop and all-genre airplay charts, respectively. She experimented with rock and electronic styles on Red (2012), which featured her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one song, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", and eschewed her country image in her synth-pop album, 1989 (2014), supported by chart-topping songs "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood". Media scrutiny inspired the urban-flavored Reputation (2017) and its number-one single "Look What You Made Me Do".
Exiting Big Machine, Swift signed with Republic Records in 2018 and released her seventh studio album, Lover (2019), followed by the autobiographical documentary Miss Americana (2020). She ventured into indie folk and alternative rock in her 2020 albums Folklore and Evermore, whose singles "Cardigan" and "Willow" topped the Hot 100. Swift began re-recording her first six albums after a dispute over their masters, re-releasing two in 2021—Fearless (Taylor's Version) and Red (Taylor's Version). The latter's "All Too Well (10 Minute Version)" became the longest song to top the Hot 100. Her 2022 album Midnights and single "Anti-Hero" broke all-time streaming records. Swift has directed music videos and films, such as All Too Well: The Short Film (2021), and played supporting roles in others.
Having sold over 200 million records globally, Swift is one of the best-selling musicians in history. She is the most streamed woman on Spotify, and the only act to have five albums open with over one million copies sold in the US. Among her accolades are 12 Grammy Awards, including three Album of the Year wins; an Emmy Award; 40 American Music Awards; 29 Billboard Music Awards; three IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year awards; and 92 Guinness World Records. Swift has been featured in rankings such as Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time, Billboard's Greatest of All Time Artists, the Time 100 and Forbes Celebrity 100. Honored with titles such as Artist of the Decade and Woman of the Decade, Swift is an advocate for artists' rights and women's empowerment. Her music is credited with influencing a generation of singers and songwriters. | Taylor Swift moved to Nashville at age 14 where She signed a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music that Published in 2004 and a recording contract with Big Machine Records in 2005. Her 2006 self-titled debut album made her the first female country artist to write a U.S. platinum-certified album. She has sold over 200 million records globally and is considered to be one of the best selling musicians in history. She is the most streamed woman on Spotify. She has 12 grammy awards, 29 billboard music awards, 3 IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year awards, and 92 Guinness World Records. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Blackburn manager Gary Bowyer says the club's owners do not wish to lose striker Jordan Rhodes. The 25-year-old has been the subject of an offer from Middlesbrough while Nottingham Forest, Derby, Norwich and Sheffield Wednesday have also expressed interest. Rhodes scored Blackburn's last minute winner against Bolton on Wednesday night and Bowyer says Rovers owners Venky’s share his stance on not letting the Scotland international leave on loan to a rival Championship club. Jordan Rhodes, pictured scoring against Bolton, has been linked with a move away from Ewood Park . Rhodes directed the ball past Bolton goalkeeper Ben Amos to hit Blackburn's winner . Bowyer said: 'They (Venky's) are of the same opinion as ourselves – why would we want to be doing that?' Boro manager Aitor Karanka asked if he could confirm Boro’s approach, said: 'I don’t need to speak about speculation because we have a lot of games in front of us that are very important. 'Jordan Rhodes is not our player so I prefer to speak about our players.' Pushed again he said: 'If, if, if. We could bring in Ronaldo and Messi, (that) could be good for everybody.' Forest manager Dougie Freedman admitted his side have given up hope of signing Rhodes. Freedman told BBC Radio Nottingham: 'I phoned Gary Bowyer and he was very open and honest with me saying Jordan was not going out on loan so that was the end of the conversation. 'There was a rumour in the game that he could be going out on loan and I’m a big admirer of Jordan so out of respect I phoned Gary. 'I spoke to him and said if that was to come up we’d be interested in loaning Jordan with a view to a permanent if we did go up and he just squashed it straight away.' Striker Rhodes (left) has been strongly linked with a move away from Blackburn this week . | Jordan Rhodes has been linked with a move away from Ewood Park . Middlesbrough and Nottingham Forest are keen on signing Rhodes . Gary Bowyer has said Venky's will not be letting Rhodes leave on loan . Dougie Freedman has given up hope of bringing Rhodes to Forest . |
When did Google purchase YouTube | In October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion. Google's ownership of YouTube expanded the site's business model, expanding from generating revenue from advertisements alone to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube also approved creators to participate in Google's AdSense program, which seeks to generate more revenue for both parties. YouTube reported revenue of $29.2 billion in 2022. In 2021, YouTube's annual advertising revenue increased to $28.8 billion, an increase in revenue of 9 billion from the previous year. | Google purchased YouTube in October 2006 for $1.65 billion |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mohamed Salah might have been dismissed as a flop after just a year spent at Chelsea, but he's already proving popular in Italy after moving to Fiorentina on loan, with fans voting him Serie A's best January signing. Things don't seem to be going too well for Lukas Podolski, on loan at Inter Milan from Arsenal, though. After being told he 'isn't doing enough' by manager Roberto Mancini he was ranked as the league's second-worst signing. Podolski's only saving grace was AC Milan's loan purchase of Alessio Cerci, who topped the poll conducted by Gazzetta dello Sport with 44.9 per cent of fans rating him as top transfer flop. Mohamed Salah whips his shirt off after his goal against Tottenham - one of four since joining Fiorentina . Lukas Podolski has underwhelmed for Inter Milan since moving on loan from Arsenal during in January . Roberto Mancini has demanded more from Podolski after the forward made it to eight starts with no goals . Mohamed Salah - Fiorentina - 48.4 per cent . Xherdan Shaqiri - Inter Milan - 19.7 per cent . Manolo Gabbiadini - Napoli - 9.6 per cent . Maxi Lopez - Torino - 6.5 per cent . Luca Antonelli - AC Milan - 3.6 per cent . Marcelo Brozovic - Inter Milan - 3.4 per cent . Luis Muriel - Sampdoria - 2.9 per cent . M'Baye Niang - Genoa - 2.6 per cent . Alessandro Diamanti - Fiorentina - 1.7 per cent . Paul-Jose M'Poku - Cagliari - 1.6 per cent . Alessio Cerci - AC Milan - 44.9 per cent . Lukas Podolski - Inter Milan - 35.4 per cent . Seydou Doumbia - Roma - 9.2 per cent . Suso - AC Milan - 2.8 per cent . Alessandro Matri - Juventus - 2.6 per cent . Victor Ibarbo - Roma - 2.0 per cent . Marco Borriello - Genoa - 1.4 per cent . Alberto Gilardino - Fiorentina - 0.8 per cent . Mobido Diakite - Cagliari - 0.5 per cent . Stipe Perica - Udinese - 0.4 per cent . Salah has started just three games for La Viola but has impressed supporters by bagging four goals, including one against Tottenham Hotspur in the Europa League. He even scored the winning goal against Podolski's Inter side atthe San Siro on Sunday, with both players involved. Podolski, on the other hand, has no goals in eight starts over in Milan and it looks increasingly likely that he will be sent back to north London come the end of the season. Former Liverpool midfielder Suso was also high up on the flops list - although his fourth place ranking only comes from 2.8 per cent of the voting. Podolski goes down under a challenge from a Fiorentina defender in Sunday's 1-0 defeat at the San Siro . Salah celebrates after scoring the only goal of the game which saw Fiorentina claim three important points . | Mohamed Salah has delight fans with four goals in three starts . Lukas Podolski has no goals in eight starts while on loan at Inter Milan . A poll by Gazzetta dello Sport was taken to decide best and worst signings . |
Based on the following paragraph on water, what makes water cohesive. | Life arose from the Earth's first ocean, which formed some 3.8 billion years ago. Since then, water continues to be the most abundant molecule in every organism. Water is important to life because it is an effective solvent, capable of dissolving solutes such as sodium and chloride ions or other small molecules to form an aqueous solution. Once dissolved in water, these solutes are more likely to come in contact with one another and therefore take part in chemical reactions that sustain life. In terms of its molecular structure, water is a small polar molecule with a bent shape formed by the polar covalent bonds of two hydrogen (H) atoms to one oxygen (O) atom (H2O). Because the O–H bonds are polar, the oxygen atom has a slight negative charge and the two hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge. This polar property of water allows it to attract other water molecules via hydrogen bonds, which makes water cohesive. Surface tension results from the cohesive force due to the attraction between molecules at the surface of the liquid. Water is also adhesive as it is able to adhere to the surface of any polar or charged non-water molecules. Water is denser as a liquid than it is as a solid (or ice). This unique property of water allows ice to float above liquid water such as ponds, lakes, and oceans, thereby insulating the liquid below from the cold air above. Water has the capacity to absorb energy, giving it a higher specific heat capacity than other solvents such as ethanol. Thus, a large amount of energy is needed to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules to convert liquid water into water vapor. As a molecule, water is not completely stable as each water molecule continuously dissociates into hydrogen and hydroxyl ions before reforming into a water molecule again. In pure water, the number of hydrogen ions balances (or equals) the number of hydroxyl ions, resulting in a pH that is neutral. | Water is made cohesive due to its polar property which allows it to attract other water molecules via hydrogen bonds. |
Explain the Montessori Method of education in pre-school and kindergarten | Montessori classrooms for children from 2+1⁄2 or 3 to 6 years old are often called Children's Houses, after Montessori's first school, the Casa dei Bambini in Rome in 1906. A typical classroom serves 20 to 30 children in mixed-age groups, staffed by a fully trained lead teacher and assistants. Classrooms are usually outfitted with child-sized tables and chairs arranged singly or in small clusters, with classroom materials on child-height shelves throughout the room. Activities are for the most part initially presented by the teacher, after which they may be chosen more or less freely by the children as interest dictates. A teacher's role within a Montessori classroom is to guide and consult students individually by letting each child create their own learning pathway. Classroom materials usually include activities for engaging in practical skills such as pouring and spooning, washing up, scrubbing tables and sweeping. Also materials for the development of the senses, mathematical materials, language materials, music, art and cultural materials, including more science-based activities like 'sink and float', Magnetic and Non magnetic and candle and air.
Activities in Children's Houses are typically hands-on, tactile materials to teach concepts. For example, to teach writing, students use sandpaper letters. These are letters created by cutting letters out of sandpaper and placing them on wooden blocks. The children then trace these letters with their fingers to learn the shape and sound of each letter. Another example is the use of bead chains to teach math concepts, specifically multiplication. Specifically for multiples of 10, there is one bead that represents one unit, a bar of ten beads put together that represents 1×10, then a flat shape created by fitting 10 of the bars together to represent 10×10, and a cube created by fitting 10 of the flats together to represent 10×10×10. These materials help build a concrete understanding of basic concepts upon which much is built in the later years. | The Montessori Method for Education in pre-school and kindergarten is a unique approach to teaching children to build self-confidence and independence. Learning takes place in Children's Houses and are fully staffed with a mixture of qualified teachers and teaching assistants who guide and consult the individual child by letting each child create their own learning pathway. Activities are introduced by the teacher, but there is no requirement for a child to complete the activity until they are ready, as what the child learns is fully guided by an individual child's interest. Classrooms are equipped with child-sized tables and chairs with learning materials on child height shelves.
Education covers a variety of areas, for example completing practical tasks including pouring water, washing up, cleaning tables and sweeping floors. They will have access to materials relating to mathematics, languages, music, art and culture. They are taught to learn basic concepts of mathematics and writing through a hands-on approach using tactile materials. |
What's one way biotechnology was used in world war one? | In the early twentieth century scientists gained a greater understanding of microbiology and explored ways of manufacturing specific products. In 1917, Chaim Weizmann first used a pure microbiological culture in an industrial process, that of manufacturing corn starch using Clostridium acetobutylicum, to produce acetone, which the United Kingdom desperately needed to manufacture explosives during World War I. | In 1917, Chaim Weizmann first used a pure microbiological culture in an industrial process, that of manufacturing corn starch using Clostridium acetobutylicum, to produce acetone, which the United Kingdom desperately needed to manufacture explosives during World War I. |
What is the launch date of Artemis mission? | During preliminary reviews in 2011, the launch date of Artemis was placed somewhere between 2019 and 2021, but afterwards the launch date was delayed to 2023 on a Space Launch System (SLS) launch vehicle. Although, as of March 2023, the mission is pegged for a November 2024 launch, the need to recycle and refurbish components from Orion that flew on Artemis 1 may push this back to later in 2024 or the first quarter of 2025. | Artemis launch date is November 2024 as of now but it’s likely to change. |
Given this paragraph, which was built first Disneyland or Disney World? | Designed to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955, the complex was developed by Walt Disney in the 1960s. "The Florida Project", as it was known, was intended to present a distinct vision with its own diverse set of attractions. Walt Disney's original plans also called for the inclusion of an "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT), a planned community intended to serve as a testbed for new city-living innovations. Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966, during the initial planning of the complex. After his death, the company wrestled with the idea of whether to bring the Disney World project to fruition; however, Walt's older brother, Roy O. Disney, came out of retirement to make sure Walt's biggest dream was realized. Construction started in 1967, with the company instead building a resort similar to Disneyland, abandoning the experimental concepts for a planned community. The Magic Kingdom was the first theme park to open in the complex, in 1971, followed by Epcot (1982), Disney's Hollywood Studios (1989), and Disney's Animal Kingdom (1998). It was Roy who insisted the name of the entire complex be changed from Disney World to Walt Disney World, ensuring that people would remember that the project was Walt's dream. | According to this text, Disneyland was built first in 1955, with Disney World construction starting later in 1967 and first opening in 1971. |
What was the record for University of Miami Hurricanes in 1980? | The 1980 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1980 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by second-year head coach Howard Schnellenberger, the Hurricanes played their home games at the Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season with a record of 9–3. They were invited to the Peach Bowl, where they defeated Virginia Tech, 20–10. | The Hurricanes won 9 games and lost 3 games in 1980 |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Republic of Ireland winger James McClean has played down fears that he could miss Sunday's Euro 2016 qualifier against Poland through injury. McClean was sent for a scan on Tuesday after limping out of training at Gannon Park in Malahide, leaving manager Martin O'Neill with his fingers crossed. However, the Wigan midfielder has insisted he will be ready for the Group D clash even if he may not train again until later in the week. James McClean limped out of training on Tuesday ahead of Republic of Ireland's Euro 2016 clash with Poland . But the winger has brushed off injury fears and has insisted he's ready for Sunday's crucial clash in Dublin . McClean told the Irish Independent: 'The ankle should be fine. I said I'd give it a go in training, but unfortunately it was just too sore to carry out the session. 'I went and had a scan and thankfully it's just some bone bruising. It should be cleared up in time for the weekend's game, which is obviously positive news. 'I will just need to rest it now with plenty of ice and re-evaluate it in the morning to see if I can train. If not, then hopefully I'll be able to get a training session or two in before the game.' However, O'Neill still has concerns over full-back Stephen Ward and midfielder Darron Gibson, who are struggling with ankle and groin problems respectively. McClean has made 30 league appearances for Wigan this season and has notched six goals along the way . | James McClean limped out of training on Tuesday with an ankle injury . Republic of Ireland host Poland in Euro 2016 qualifier on Sunday . But McClean has allayed fears and insisted he's ready for the clash . There's still concerns over injured duo Stephen Ward and Darron Gibson . |
What is the largest fresh water lake? | Lake Baikal (/baɪˈkɑːl, -ˈkæl/, Russian: Oзеро Байкал, romanized: Ozero Baykal [ˈozʲɪrə bɐjˈkaɫ]) is a rift lake in Russia. It is situated in southern Siberia, between the federal subjects of Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Republic of Buryatia to the southeast. With 23,615.39 km3 (5,670 cu mi) of water, Lake Baikal is the world's largest freshwater lake by volume, containing 22–23% of the world's fresh surface water, more than all of the North American Great Lakes combined. It is also the world's deepest lake, with a maximum depth of 1,642 metres (5,387 feet; 898 fathoms), and the world's oldest lake, at 25–30 million years. At 31,722 km2 (12,248 sq mi)—slightly larger than Belgium—Lake Baikal is the world's seventh-largest lake by surface area. It is among the world's clearest lakes.
Baikal's age is estimated at 25–30 million years, making it the most ancient lake in geological history. It is unique among large, high-latitude lakes, as its sediments have not been scoured by overriding continental ice sheets. Russian, U.S., and Japanese cooperative studies of deep-drilling core sediments in the 1990s provide a detailed record of climatic variation over the past 6.7 million years. | Lake Baikal, located in Russia in the southern region of Sibera is the largest and deepest fresh water lake, containing 20% of Earth's fresh surface water. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | France are coming to Twickenham to take on England in the Six Nations finale this weekend, but Olivier Giroud showed there is already one Frenchman in London with rugby ability. The Arsenal striker was eager to show off his keep-ups skills, which were impressive, despite using a rugby ball. The Gunners frontman managed 29 kick-ups before losing control of the ball and shrieking in frustration. Olivier Giroud, with team-mates watching on, attempts to do keep-ups with a rugby ball . The French striker made a reasonable stab at the attempt, keeping the oval ball under control . Although he eventually began to lose his composure, the French star showed plenty of rugby skill . Giroud eventually lost control of the ball after 29 keep-ups, a strong effort with the tough ball . Giroud, who missed a large part of the season with injury, has been in superb form recently, scoring seven times in his last eight games. He was on target against Monaco on Tuesday night as Arsenal attempted to come back from a 3-1 deficit in the Champions League last 16, but fell just short. On Thursday the 28-year-old was named in France's squad to play Brazil and Denmark next week. The 28-year-old scored Arsenal's first goal in the 2-0 win over Monaco at the Stade Louis II on Tuesday . But despite his goal, France striker Giroud was not able to inspire his team to an aggregate victory . | Giroud shows off his skills with rugby ball after Arsenal training . Arsenal striker has been in excellent form since injury return . Giroud was included in France squad announced on Thursday . CLICK HERE for all the latest Arsenal news . |
What are the main considerations for chick care when raising backyard chickens? | Purchasing chickens - Chicken owners need to find a place to purchase chickens. Oftentimes, people purchase chickens at local feed stores, or through a hatchery.
Creating a brooder - Chickens not being raised by a mother hen need assistance from their owner to survive. Chickens are raised in a brooder, which can look like a variety of things. Many individuals create their own brooder out of cardboard, plastic or wood. Different sources identify a variety of different square feet per bird needed, but a rule of thumb can be two square feet per chicken. This number can be lowered when the chick is young, but as they grow they will need at least two square feet per bird. It is important that chicken owners place their brooder in a draft-free place, yet still allow holes in the brooder for ventilation.[citation needed]
Heating and bedding - Chicks require a warm environment. In a brooder, this warm environment is created artificially with a heat lamp. My Pet Chicken recommends a red heat lamp, because a white heat lamp can create a harsh and uncomfortable environment for the baby chicks. During the first week of the chicks' life, a temperature of 95 degrees Fahrenheit is required. The temperature can be decreased by 5 degrees F. each week of the chicks life, until they reach week 6. At week 6, the birds should have enough feathers grown to be moved into their chicken coop. Checking on chicks often is important, as chicks that are too cold will huddle together to attempt to retain warmth, and chicks that are too hot will spread out in the brooder in attempts to cool down. Temperature can be adjusted accordingly by lowering and raising the heat lamp in the chick's brooder. Temperature can also be monitored by the use of a thermometer.[citation needed] Wooden chips are often used in the bottom of the brooder as a bedding.
Food and water - Chicks require different food than adult chickens. Chicks need a mash or dust food so that they are able to digest it without grit. Adult chickens are able to digest grit, which allows them to eat bigger food pellets. Purchasing chick food from a local feed store that is specifically for baby chicks will ensure that all nutritional requirements are being met. There are different types of food for different types of chicks. Chicks that are grown for egg-laying purposes require a lower protein level than chicks that are grown as a source of meat. Chicks should be fed and given water out of containers that ensure the chicks' safety, as some containers can injure the chicks or cause easy drowning. | When raising backyard chickens, there are several considerations for chick care. First of all, you have to purchase the chicks. Then, you have to create a brooder to keep the chicks in. Next, you have to address heating and bedding. Finally, you have to provide them with the appropriate food and water. |
Given this paragraph, in what part of England does the River Thames flow, and what is its length in kilometres? | The River Thames (/tɛmz/ (listen) TEMZ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At 215 miles (346 km), it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. The river rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire and flows into the North Sea near Tilbury, Essex and Gravesend, Kent, via the Thames Estuary. From the west it flows through Oxford (where it is sometimes called the Isis), Reading, Henley-on-Thames and Windsor. The Thames also drains the whole of Greater London. | The River Thames flows through Southern England and it is 346 kilometres long. |
Given these paragraphs about a well-known Scottish University of some import, tell me specific details about when and where it was founded, what it's most well known for, and who are some of its most famous alumni. | The University of Edinburgh (Scots: University o Edinburgh, Scottish Gaelic: Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Founded by the town council under the authority of a royal charter of King James VI in 1582 and officially opened in 1583, it is one of Scotland's four ancient universities and the sixth-oldest university in continuous operation in the English-speaking world. The university played an important role in Edinburgh becoming a chief intellectual centre during the Scottish Enlightenment and contributed to the city being nicknamed the "Athens of the North." Edinburgh is ranked among the top universities in the United Kingdom and the world.
Edinburgh is a member of several associations of research-intensive universities, including the Coimbra Group, League of European Research Universities, Russell Group, Una Europa, and Universitas 21. In the fiscal year ending 31 July 2022, it had a total income of £1.262 billion, of which £331.6 million was from research grants and contracts. It has the third-largest endowment in the UK, behind only Cambridge and Oxford. The university has five main campuses in the city of Edinburgh, which include many buildings of historical and architectural significance such as those in the Old Town.
Edinburgh is the seventh-largest university in the UK by enrolment and receives over 75,000 undergraduate applications per year, making it the second-most popular university in the UK by volume of applications. Edinburgh had the eighth-highest average UCAS points amongst British universities for new entrants in 2020. The university continues to have links to the royal family, having had Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh as its chancellor from 1953 to 2010 and Anne, Princess Royal since March 2011.
The alumni of the university includes some of the major figures of modern history. Inventor Alexander Graham Bell, naturalist Charles Darwin, philosopher David Hume, and physicist James Clerk Maxwell studied at Edinburgh, as did writers such as Sir J. M. Barrie, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, J. K. Rowling, Sir Walter Scott, and Robert Louis Stevenson. The university counts several heads of state and government amongst its graduates, including three British Prime Ministers. Three Supreme Court Justices of the UK were educated at Edinburgh. As of January 2023, 19 Nobel Prize laureates, four Pulitzer Prize winners, three Turing Award winners, and an Abel Prize laureate and Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Edinburgh as alumni or academic staff. Edinburgh alumni have won a total of ten Olympic gold medals. | The University of Edinburgh is based out of Edinburgh, Scotland founded by the royal charter of King James the 6th in 1582, officially opening for students in 1583. The University of Edinburgh is famous for being the sixth oldest University in the English-speaking world and the seventh largest by enrollment in the United Kingdom where Scotland resides today. A top public research university often nicknamed the "Athens of the North" whose famous alumni were pivotal in contributing to the Scottish Enlightenment, the University of Edinburgh is known as one of the top-ranked universities in the United Kingdom. With such esteemed alumni as Alexander Graham Bell, Charles Darwin, and David Hume not to mention famous authors such as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and J.K. Rowling, and even several heads of state in three British Prime Ministers. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jose Mourinho has rewarded his players with two days off before they start preparations for Wednesday’s Champions League clash with Paris Saint-Germain. Chelsea have come through a critical period in the fixture list with victory in the Capital One Cup final against Tottenham at Wembley last Sunday and last night’s 1-0 win at West Ham. Mourinho’s players will return to training at the weekend as the Chelsea manager plots the second leg against Laurent Blanc’s side at Stamford Bridge. VIDEO Scroll down to watch manager Jose Mourinho label his Chelsea players warriors . Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho has rewarded his players with two days off ahead of their PSG match . Mourinho shakes hands with Chelsea striker Diego Costa on Wednesday night after another vital victory . Chelsea manager Mourinho celebrates with Kurt Zouma and Didier Drogba at full time at West Ham . Chelsea defender Branislav Ivanovic said: ‘We have the great result from Paris but we still have to think about the Champions League because we want to go through. ‘For us as a team it’s very good because we can have time to refresh ourselves and at the same time to work and prepare for the game in every detail. For sure, we will be ready for the game. ‘This is very important and a good thing about this is we can focus 100 per cent on Paris and we are not thinking about anything else. ‘We enjoyed and celebrated the win for the trophy because we deserved that, but we switched off the next morning and we now have the time to recover and think. Eden Hazard celebrates scoring against West Ham on Wednesday night as Chelsea clinched a 1-0 win . Hazard celebrates as Chelsea won at Upton Park on Wednesday night to stay top of the Premier League . ‘It’s the Champions League next and we have to be real, real strong and there is no time for big celebrations.’ Chelsea are closing in on their first Barclays Premier League title since Mourinho returned to Stamford Bridge at the start of last season. They remain five points clear of Manchester City with a game in hand following their 1-0 win at Upton Park on Wednesday evening. Ivanovic added: ‘We knew what we had to do, we knew it was another final for us after Man City lost a game, it’s for us to keep the big gap and not give them the chance to close the gap again. ‘We are one step closer, but still it’s a long way.’ Branislav Ivanovic pictured during Premier League laders Chelsea's 1-0 win at Upton Park on Wednesday . Mourinho will bring his squad back into training after two days to prepare for their clash with PSG . | Chelsea beat West Ham 1-0 at Upton Park on Wednesday night . It caps a busy week for Chelsea after they won the Capital One Cup final . Jose Mourinho has rewarded his players with two days off to rest . They will return to training at the weekend ahead of PSG's visit to London . Chelsea face the French club in the Champions League second leg . CLICK HERE for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Is the language spoken in Kerala a palindrome? | Malayalam (/ˌmæləˈjɑːləm/; Malayalam: മലയാളം, Malayāḷam, [mɐlɐjaːɭɐm] (listen)) is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mahé district) by the Malayali people. It is one of 22 scheduled languages of India. Malayalam was designated a "Classical Language of India" in 2013. Malayalam has official language status in Kerala and Puducherry (Mahé), and is also the primary spoken language of Lakshadweep and is spoken by 34 million people in India. Malayalam is also spoken by linguistic minorities in the neighbouring states; with a significant number of speakers in the Kodagu and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka, and Kanyakumari, district of Tamil Nadu. It is also spoken by the Malayali Diaspora worldwide, especially in the Persian Gulf countries, due to the large populations of Malayali expatriates there. They are a significant population in each city in India including Mumbai, Bengaluru, Delhi, Kolkata, Pune etc. | Yes, malayalam is the language spoken in Kerala and it is a palindrome |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Minnie Minoso, who hit a two-run home run in his first at-bat when he became major league baseball's first black player in Chicago in 1951, has died, the Cook County medical examiner said Sunday. The medical examiner's office did not immediately offer further details. There is some question about Minoso's age but the White Sox say he was 90. Minoso played 12 of his 17 seasons in Chicago, hitting .304 with 135 homers and 808 RBIs for the White Sox. The White Sox retired his No. 9 in 1983 and there is a statue of Minoso at U.S. Cellular Field. Remembered: Minnie Minoso (seen here in August 2013), who became major league baseball's first black player in Chicago in 1951, has died . History: In a March 9, 1957 file photo, Chicago White Sox outfielder Orestes 'Minnie' Minoso poses in batting position at Al Lopez Field in Tampa, Florida . Starting out: Minoso made his major league debut with Cleveland in 1949 and was dealt to Chicago in a three-team trade two years later. Minoso is seen with Lou Boudreau, right, and Larry Doby (on the left) in May 1949 . 'We have lost our dear friend and a great man,' White Sox owner Jerry Reinsdorf said in a release. 'Many tears are falling.' Minoso made his major league debut with Cleveland in 1949 and was dealt to Chicago in a three-team trade two years later. He made his White Sox debut on May 1, 1951, and homered in his first plate appearance against Yankees right-hander Vic Raschi. It was the start of a beautiful relationship between the Cuban slugger and the White Sox. Minoso, regarded as baseball's first black Latino star, was a Havana native who spent most of his career in left field. He is one of only two players to appear in a major league game in five different decades. He got his final hit in 1976 at age 53 and went 0 for 2 in two games in 1980 for the White Sox, who tried unsuccessfully over the years to get the 'Cuban Comet' into baseball's Hall of Fame. 'When I watched Minnie Minoso play, I always thought I was looking at a Hall of Fame player,' Reinsdorf said in an informational package produced by the team for a 2011 Cooperstown push. 'I never understood why Minnie wasn't elected. 'He did everything. He could run, he could field, he could hit with power, he could bunt and steal bases. He was one of the most exciting players I have ever seen.' Saturnino Orestes Armas Minoso Arrieta was selected for nine All-Star games and won three Gold Gloves in left. He was hit by a pitch 192 times, ninth on baseball's career list, and finished in the top four in AL MVP voting four times. Despite the push by the White Sox and other prominent Latin players, Minoso has never made it to Cooperstown. His highest percentage during his 15 years on the writers' ballot was 21.1 in 1988. He was considered by the Veterans Committee in 2014 and fell short of the required percentage for induction. 'My last dream is to be in Cooperstown, to be with those guys,' Minoso said in that 2011 package distributed by the White Sox. 'I want to be there. This is my life's dream.' Minoso, who made his major league debut with Cleveland in 1949, hit .298 for his career with 186 homers and 1,023 RBIs. The speedy Minoso also led the AL in triples and steals three times in each category. Playing in an era dominated by the Yankees, Minoso never played in the postseason. 'Every young player in Cuba wanted to be like Minnie Minoso, and I was one of them,' Hall of Fame slugger Tony Perez said. 'The way he played the game, hard all the time, hard. He was very consistent playing the game. He tried to win every game. And if you want to be like somebody, and I picked Minnie, you have to be consistent.' Minoso appeared in just nine games in his first stint with the Indians, but he took off when he was dealt to Chicago as part of a three-team trade in 1951 that also involved the Philadelphia Athletics. He went deep in his first plate appearance against Yankees right-hander Raschi, and hit .375 in his first 45 games with the White Sox. Tribute: The White Sox shared an image of Minoso on Twitter Sunday (left). Flowers have also been left at his statue at U.S. Cellular Field (right) Minoso finished that first season in Chicago with a .326 batting average, 10 homers and 76 RBIs in 146 games for the Indians and White Sox. He also had a major league-best 14 triples and an AL-best 31 steals. It was Minoso's first of eight seasons with at least a .300 batting average. He also had four seasons with at least 100 RBIs. 'I have baseball in my blood,' Minoso said. 'Baseball is all I've ever wanted to do.' The White Sox uploaded a photograph of Minoso smiling and holding his jersey to the team'sTwitter on Sunday. 'Minnie Minoso — Mr. #WhiteSox — has died. Tears of sadness are falling for a great man,' the caption said. In a separate tweet, the White Sox also posted a statement from the Minoso family, which requested privacy. Statement: The Chicago White Sox published this statement from Minoso's family to Twitter Sunday . Legacy: Minoso is seen in September 1951 playing for the Chicago White Sox . Celebrity: In a April 6, 2001 file photo, Chicago White Sox legend Orestes 'Minnie' Minoso signs autographs prior to the Sox' home opener against the Detroit Tigers . | Minnie Minoso, who he became major league baseball's first black player in Chicago in 1951, has died, the Cook County medical examiner said Sunday . Minoso played 12 of his 17 seasons in Chicago, hitting .304 with 135 homers and 808 RBIs for the White Sox . The White Sox retired his No. 9 in 1983 and there is a statue of Minoso at US Cellular Field . |
From the given text, list me details about parity plot | A parity plot is a scatterplot that compares a set of results from a computational model against benchmark data. Each point has coordinates (x, y), where x is a benchmark value and y is the corresponding value from the model.
A line of the equation y = x, representing perfect model performance, is sometimes added as a reference. Where the model successfully reproduces a benchmark, that point will lie on the line.
Parity plots are found in scientific papers and reports, when the author wishes to validate a model in a visual way. However, when the data have a wide range, the large scale makes important discrepancies invisible and the model appears better than it actually is. In that case, a plot of model errors [(y-x) vs. x] is better for evaluating the performance of the model. | 1. A parity plot is a scatterplot that contrasts the output of a computer model with reference data.
2. Each point is identified by its coordinates (x, y), where x represents a benchmark value and y is the matching value from the model.
3. To serve as a reference, a line drawn from the equation y = x is occasionally included. Where the model accurately reproduces a benchmark, that point will fall on the line.
4. When an author wants to visually validate a model in a paper or report, parity plots are used. On the other hand, when the data span a wide range, the big scale obscures significant differences, giving the model the appearance of being better than it actually is. In that situation, a model error plot [(y-x) vs. x] is preferable for assessing the model's performance. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | UEFA says it will add steroid profiling of players to its anti-doping program next season. European football's governing body's medical committee has approved urine analysis in addition to existing blood monitoring for its biological passport program. UEFA says each player tested in its club and national team competitions has a biological passport which 'indirectly reveals the effects of doping as a result, as well as providing intelligence for target testing.' UEFA's medical committee has approved steroid profiling of players in its anti-doping program next season . Urine analysis will be used in addition to existing blood monitoring for UEFA's biological passport program . In 2013, UEFA approved retrospectively analyzing urine samples from 900 players to decide if steroid profiling was required. Re-testing was anonymous and positive samples would not provoke anti-doping cases. The results of that study have not been revealed. Though top-level soccer has few doping cases, UEFA suspended three Russian players from CSKA Moscow in the 2009-10 season for doping violations. | UEFA will include urine analysis in their 'biological passport program' The Program already uses blood monitoring but will now be expanded . Change was approved by UEFA's medical committee this week . |
Extract the names of individuals in the passage who have eponymous laws. | This list of eponymous laws provides links to articles on laws, principles, adages, and other succinct observations or predictions named after a person. In some cases the person named has coined the law – such as Parkinson's law. In others, the work or publications of the individual have led to the law being so named – as is the case with Moore's law. There are also laws ascribed to individuals by others, such as Murphy's law; or given eponymous names despite the absence of the named person. | Parkinson, Moore, and Murphy are listed as examples of individuals who have an eponymous law. |
Given a reference text about the history of Real Madrid Football Club, tell me the year it was founded and the name of its current stadium. | Founded in 1902 as Madrid Football Club, the club has traditionally worn a white home kit since its inception. The honorific title real is Spanish for "royal" and was bestowed to the club by King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown in the emblem. Real Madrid have played their home matches in the 81,044-capacity Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947. Unlike most European sporting entities, Real Madrid's members (socios) have owned and operated the club throughout its history. The club is one of the most widely supported in the world, and was estimated to be worth $5.1 billion in 2022, making it the world's most valuable football team. In 2021, it was the second highest-earning football club in the world, with an annual revenue of €640.7 million. | Real Madrid was founded in 1902 as Madrid Football Club. Its current stadium, where they play their home matches, is Santiago Bernabeu Stadium. |
Given a reference text about Pampaneira, tell me how many people live there, where it's located, and its elevation above sea level. | Pampaneira is a village located in the province of Granada, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the village has a population of 355 inhabitants.
It is one of three mountain villages of the Barranco de Poqueira in the Alpujarras region. The other two villages, Bubión and Capileira, are located higher in the Poqueira gorge.
The Poqueira gorge starts below the mountain peak of Mulhacén, where the river Poqueira rises. There are many opportunities for hiking in the area. Guided walks are arranged by the local tourist offices which also sell mountain hiking equipment. Other companies can plan self-guided treks through the area. The nearest major town is Órgiva. One of the highest all year-round lived-in mountain village in Spain, Trevélez is located nearby in the mountains to the east of the three villages.
Accommodation is available in all of the three villages but Capileira has the biggest range of facilities.
At the north side opens the Sierra Nevada (Spain) range with one of the highest peaks in Spain ; Mulhacén and Alcazaba (Sierra Nevada).
The village is located at about 1060 metres above sea level.
There are many craft shops selling ceramics, leather and clothes. Also on offer are the locally produced specialities of cheese and ham.
During the winter the Sierra Nevada and the Alpujarra mountains get covered in snow but the villages are rarely affected by snow for more than a few days a time.
There are bus connections running every day from the town of Granada, Spain. | Pampaneira is located in the province of Granada, Spain and is 1060 metres above sea level. 355 people live in Pampaneira according to the 2005 census. |
What was the first name of the city that became Austin, Texas? | The first European settlers in the present-day Austin were a group of Spanish friars who arrived from East Texas in July 1730. They established three temporary missions, La Purísima Concepción, San Francisco de los Neches and San José de los Nazonis, on a site by the Colorado River, near Barton Springs. The friars found conditions undesirable and relocated to the San Antonio River within a year of their arrival. Following Mexico's Independence from Spain, Anglo-American settlers began to populate Texas and reached present-day Central Texas by the 1830s. The site where Austin is located was surveyed by Edward Burleson in 1838, calling it Waterloo. It was incorporated in January, 1839, only months before selection as the site of the new capital, ending its existence. Early Austin resident and chronicler Frank Brown says the first and only settler in 1838 was Jacob Harrell who may have been living there already. Living in a tent with his family, he later built a cabin and small stockade near the mouth of Shoal Creek. In its short lifespan of less than two years the population of Waterloo grew to only about twelve people made up of four families. | The site that became Austin was previously incorporated as Waterloo in 1839. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Chelsea's good week continued when the Blues beat West Ham 1-0 in the English Premier League to maintain a five-point lead over Manchester City atop the table. Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho -- who picked up another trophy Sunday in the League Cup final -- had never lost to West Ham in the top flight and Belgian attacker Eden Hazard ensured three more points when he netted in the first half Wednesday at the Hammers' Upton Park. "The game was very difficult," Hazard told Sky. "One big battle against a good team with very good players. "It's always difficult when you don't score the second goal to kill the game. But one goal was enough. It's not always like this. "The goalkeeper, the defense we have are very strong. It was very good." Chelsea keeper Thibaut Courtois made a string of good saves in the second half but West Ham boss Sam Allardyce lamented his team's finishing -- plus the refereeing. He felt Hazard's goal was offside. "When you look back on the season and they say these things even themselves out, that's the biggest load of rubbish I've ever heard," the under pressure Allardyce told Sky. Nigel Pearson, manager of last-place Leicester, also felt aggrieved after his team lost 2-0 to reigning league champion Manchester City. Leicester didn't get a penalty when City striker Wilfried Bony appeared to foul Jeff Schlupp in the box in the first half or when Fernando fouled Andrej Kramaric in the second. Leicester struck the woodwork, too. City -- reeling following back-to-back defeats to Barcelona in the Champions League and Liverpool -- only really came to life after David Silva's opener in first-half stoppage time. Leicester's veteran keeper Mark Schwarzer thwarted City to keep it close but could do little on James Milner's 88th-minute effort. The win was "very important because it was a very difficult week with two bad results against Liverpool and Barcelona," said City manager Manuel Pellegrini, who rested club captain Vincent Kompany. Elsewhere, four teams vying for Champions League spots all won. Manchester United claimed all three points at Newcastle when Ashley Young took advantage of keeper Tim Krul's error in the 89th minute; Arsenal doubled third-last QPR 2-1; surging Liverpool shut out second-last Burnley 2-0; and League Cup finalist Tottenham defeated Swansea 3-2 in a game overshadowed by French striker Bafetimbi Gomis collapsing to the turf. United defender Jonny Evans might have been fortunate to escape unpunished at St. James' Park, since he appeared to spit in striker Papiss Cisse's direction when they clashed in the first half. Cisse then appeared to spit back at Evans. Arsenal remained third, with United in fourth on 53 points, two better than Liverpool, four better than Southampton and six better than Spurs, who have a game in hand. In Wednesday's other match, Stoke extended Everton's league slide by blanking the Toffees 2-0 at home. Barcelona reaches Copa del Rey final . In Spain, meanwhile, Barcelona reached the Copa del Rey final by easing past Villarreal 6-2 on aggregate. Holding a 3-1 lead after the first leg, Barcelona won away by the same score Wednesday, helped by Neymar's double. Barcelona faces familiar foe Athletic Bilbao in May's finale. Bilbao advanced 3-1 on aggregate over Espanyol, prevailing in the second leg 2-0. Barcelona topped Bilbao in the 2009 and 2011 finals. | After winning the League Cup on Sunday, Chelsea triumphs in the league . The Blues beat West Ham 1-0 to keep their five point lead over Man City . Manchester City kept pace by defeating last place Leicester 2-0 . Manchester United scored late to down Newcastle 1-0 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A U.S. Air Force veteran who allegedly tried to join ISIS in Syria but was turned back by Turkish authorities before he could get to the war-torn country entered a not guilty plea to terror-related charges Wednesday in a federal court in New York. Tairod Nathan Webster Pugh, accused of making the foiled attempt in January, was indicted by a grand jury on charges of trying to give material support to the terror group and obstruction of justice, the U.S. Justice Department said in a two-count indictment announced Tuesday. Among the evidence, prosecutors allege: Investigators discovered on his laptop computer a letter saying he wanted to "use the talents and skills given to me by Allah to establish and defend the Islamic States," and a chart of crossing points between Turkey and Syria, where ISIS controls some territory. Who has been recruited to ISIS from the West? Pugh, a 47-year-old convert to Islam and a former New Jersey resident who served in the Air Force from 1986 to 1990, was arrested upon his return to the United States in January, the Justice Department said. "Pugh, an American citizen and former member of our military, allegedly abandoned his allegiance to the United States and sought to provide material support to ISIL," Assistant U.S. Attorney General John Carlin said, using an alternate acronym for the Islamist terror group that controls territory in parts of Iraq and Syria. At his arraignment Wednesday in U.S. District Court in Brooklyn, Pugh appeared in a black T-shirt and khaki pants and stated his name. He pleaded not guilty through his attorney, Michael Schneider. The defendant, a former avionics instrument system specialist in the Air Force, flew from Egypt to Turkey on January 10, weeks after being fired from a Middle East-based job as an airplane mechanic, U.S. authorities allege. Why is ISIS so successful at luring Westerners? But Turkey denied him entry. In the indictment, U.S. authorities said Turkey was likely suspicious Pugh was headed for Syria. Instead Turkish officials sent him on a return flight to Egypt, where he was detained. In Egypt, he was carrying multiple electronic devices, "including four USB thumb drives that had been stripped of their plastic casings and an iPod that had been wiped clean of data," the Justice Department said in a statement. Pugh had purposefully tampered with the devices to prevent others from getting access to his electronic media, the indictment said. Pugh was deported to the United States, where agents with the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force obtained a warrant for his devices, including the laptop, the department said. Investigators found a letter from January addressed to a Misha, whom they believe is his wife, authorities said. In it, the writer says: "I am a (mujahedeen). I am a sword against the oppressor and a shield for the oppressed. I will use the talents and skills given to me by Allah to establish and defend the Islamic States." In addition to that letter and the Turkey/Syria border chart, agents also found recent Internet searches for information on "borders controlled by Islamic state," as well as "Internet searches for 'Flames of War,' an ISIL propaganda video," and "downloaded videos, including one showing ISIL members executing prisoners," the Justice Department said. They also found what the government said was another 180 jihadist propaganda videos. Pugh was arrested in Asbury Park, New Jersey, on January 16. While in the Air Force, Pugh was trained in installing and maintaining aircraft engine, navigation and weapons systems, the Justice Department said. Pugh converted to Islam after moving to San Antonio in 1998, according to the indictment. The indictment said he took a job as a mechanic with American Airlines in or about 2001. The airline has not responded to a request for comment. In 2001, an American Airlines co-worker alerted the FBI that Pugh "sympathized with Osama bin Laden, felt that the 1998 bombings of U.S. embassies overseas were justified, and expressed anti-American sentiment," the complaint said. One year later, an associate told the FBI that Pugh had expressed interest in traveling to Chechnya to "fight jihad." From October 2009 to March 2010, he worked in Iraq as an Army contractor for DynCorp, according to the complaint. According to Pugh's LinkedIn page, he listed himself as a maintenance manager for Gryphon Airlines, a Kuwait-based charter airline, since September 2014. But the airline told CNN that Pugh was only under consideration to work for it in 2014. "In third quarter 2014, Mr. Pugh was under consideration for a future Gryphon project, but did not meet the qualifications," the airline said in a statement. "Gryphon declined to hire Mr. Pugh. Gryphon personnel are cooperating with the authorities." His last known U.S. address was in Neptune, New Jersey, but he had lived in Egypt for about the last year, the indictment said. If convicted, Pugh could be sentenced to up to 35 years in prison. CNN's Ray Sanchez, John Newsome and Steve Almasy contributed to this report. | Tairod Nathan Webster Pugh enters not guilty plea to terror-related charges . Pugh flew to Turkey on January 10, authorities say . Authorities allege a letter on his laptop told his wife he was a mujahedeen . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kevin Pietersen has been in talks with Surrey ‘for several weeks’ about a possible return to county cricket after approaching senior figures at the ECB about a shock international comeback before new chairman Colin Graves was appointed. The 34-year-old batsman’s hopes of an England return are gaining momentum, with Surrey seriously interested in re-signing the maverick star provided he is released from his Indian Premier League contract. Sportsmail understands Pietersen, currently exiled from the England squad after being sacked by team managing director Paul Downton, has been talking to Surrey’s director of cricket Alec Stewart, who is known to be open to him re-signing if he becomes available for all three formats - and not just Twenty20 cricket as he has been in the past. Kevin Pietersen has been in talks with Surrey about a possible return as he plans an England comeback . Pietersen is willing to turn his back on the Indian Premier League in order to represent England . The batsman has been talking to Surrey’s director of cricket Alec Stewart - who is open to his return . It emerged on Saturday that Pietersen’s IPL franchise Sunrisers Hyderabad are unlikely to object to releasing the star, leaving the unlikely prospect of Pietersen forgoing the IPL to play in the County Championship second division this summer in a bid to resurrect his England career. With incoming chairman Graves showing an appetite for significant regime change at the ECB, he has told Pietersen he will be considered for England selection again if he scores heavily in county cricket. It is understood Pietersen first made contact with the ECB before Graves appointment was announced last month. ‘There will be a change of scenery at board level with the ECB and I’ve always expressed my desire to play for England again if I get the opportunity,’ Pietersen told Fox News on Saturday. Pietersen, pictured in 2008, would have to repair his relationship with England boss Peter Moores . ‘It seems encouraging but I’ve obviously got a few steps that I’ve got to climb. It just makes perfect sense to explore different things, that’s what I’m doing. I’ve still got more decisions to make - it’s the weekend now so nobody will be picking up their phones, but Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday it’ll be very exciting hopefully.’ Downton’s decision to sack Pietersen following last winter’s crushing 5-0 Ashes whitewash was welcomed by senior players in the dressing room who were further angered by the star’s autobiography. The relative paucity of Pietersen’s current IPL deal - which at £205,000 is worth barely 20 per cent of any of his previous deals - is understood to be a factor in his willingness to return to the grind of county cricket. At the centre of his attempt to return is the imminent departure of ECB chairman Giles Clarke, who clashed repeatedly with Pietersen following his requests for special treatment over his release for IPL duty. Pietersen's England future lies in the hands of new ECB chairman Colin Graves . England’s players would resist Pietersen’s return but their position has been weakened by their dire form since he was sacked. ‘They’d just have to suck it up if he does come back,’ said one insider on Saturday. If Pietersen - who has a debilitating knee condition - does re-sign for Surrey he would have just three County Championship games to prove himself ahead of England’s first Test of the summer against New Zealand at Lord’s on May 21 before the Ashes later in the summer. England name their squad for the Test tour of West Indies on Wednesday, with injury doubts hanging over Moeen Ali and Chris Woakes, while Jonathan Trott is in line for a recall. | Kevin Pietersen has been in talks with Surrey 'for several weeks' Surrey's director of cricket Alec Stewart is open to the batsman's return . IPL side Sunrisers Hyderabad are unlikely to object to releasing Pietersen . |
What does moha mean | Moha (Chinese: 膜蛤; pinyin: Mó Há, pronounced [muǒ.xǎ]), literally "admiring toad" or "toad worship", is an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader. It originated among the netizens in mainland China and has become a subculture on the Chinese internet. According to another explanation, it comes from China's social media Baidu Tieba. In the culture, Jiang is nicknamed há, or "toad", because of his supposed resemblance to a toad. Netizens who móhá (worship the toad) call themselves "toad fans", "toad lovers" or "toad worshippers" (simplified Chinese: 蛤丝; traditional Chinese: 蛤絲), or "mogicians" (膜法师; 膜法師) which is a wordplay on mófǎshī (魔法师; 魔法師, magician) in Mandarin.[note 1]
Another nickname for Jiang is "elder" or "senior" (长者; 長者; Zhǎngzhě), because he once called himself an "elder" or "senior" when he was berating Hong Kong journalist Sharon Cheung who questioned him. A video clip recording this event spread on the internet and led to the rise of the culture, which later greatly rose in popularity around 2014, when Hong Kong was experiencing a period of political instability. Initially, netizens extracted Jiang's quotes from the video and imitated his wording and tone, for parody and insult. However, as the culture developed, some imitations have taken to carrying affection toward him. The quotes for imitation have also evolved to include what he said during his leadership, and in his personal life. | It means toad worship, an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Congratulations, Internet haters! Well done, keepers of the one-true-way-to-talk-about-race! If we don't tamp down the backlash against Starbucks "Race Together" campaign, I fear that no major corporation will even try to talk about race again -- for maybe 10 or 20 years. Is that really what we want? Look, I get it. Asking baristas to hold conversations about race is a lot to demand of already hard-working employees. Not to mention, the topic should probably be called "systematic racism," not just "race." And there are legitimate questions about what Starbucks could realistically hope to accomplish, here. But for crying out loud! In the past 48 hours, racial justice activists have spilled more digital ink criticizing Starbucks for trying to fight racism than they have against other (actually racist) companies. The truth is that we cannot have it both ways. We cannot demand that companies address race, and then attack them when they try. Yes, it seems like harmless fun to pile on or retweet the snark. At some point, all of us have enjoyed the cheap thrill one gets by kicking around a big company online. But the cost this time is that no corporation will want to do anything creative or constructive on racial subjects for a very long time. In fact, some activists are responding with such little sympathy, empathy and grace, that other corporations are like to run the other way. Again, is that what we want? Mellody Hobson, an African-American member of the Starbucks board and a personal friend, is a major supporter of this campaign. How will other corporate boards react in the future when a minority member encourages the company to publicly address issues of racial inclusion? Starbucks is trying to make a positive difference. If the company gets rewarded, others will follow. But nobody wants their brand to get beaten up. At some point in the future, activists will launch an online petition or protest against a company guilty of some legitimately racist behavior. But how seriously will anyone take us, when even the "good guys" end up getting kicked in the teeth and called racist -- for trying to OPPOSE bigotry? Modern science tells us that bias lives on, in even the most dedicated anti-racist. The only cure is talking about it. Our country needs more open discussion of race, not less. Companies who try to further that discussion should be rewarded, even if their initial attempts are imperfect. We can put forward suggestions and criticisms in a constructive manner: "This is a great first step, Corporation! Here are five ways to improve the campaign -- and make it even better." I think any human anywhere would be open to hearing that kind of feedback. But nobody wants to be called an idiot, just for trying. Unfortunately, today's vicious backlash against Starbucks could become a case study in proving that -- when it comes to race -- no good deed goes unpunished. Ironically, after all this is over, Starbucks will still sell plenty of lattes. The people who will suffer the most are the ones who said they wanted a conversation on race in the first place -- but then wouldn't take "yes" for an answer. | Starbucks was trashed by many online for its "Race Together" initiative . Van Jones: What kind of lesson will this have for other companies that try to do the right thing? |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sanaa, Yemen (CNN)Rebels seized an international airport in Yemen Sunday as a U.N. envoy warned that the country was at "the edge of civil war." Houthi militants took over the airport in Taiz as they swept through the city and surrounding province, two officials with the Taiz provincial government said. One civilian was killed and 82 others wounded when the rebels fired at local residents protesting their presence, the officials said. The rebels have also seized security and intelligence buildings in Taiz and set up checkpoints in the area, the officials said. Taiz, about 390 kilometers (240 miles) south of Sanaa, is Yemen's cultural capital. The rebels -- Shiite Muslims who have long felt marginalized in the majority Sunni country -- surrounded the presidential palace in January. Yemen's President and his Cabinet resigned days later. Ousted President Abdu Rabu Mansour Hadi says his resignation wasn't valid and maintains that he remains the country's leader. In a statement Sunday, the United Nations Security Council backed Hadi, calling for all sides to end armed hostilities and work out differences at the negotiating table. "Peaceful dialogue is the only way forward," said Jamal Benomar, the U.N.'s special adviser on Yemen. But he gave a dire assessment of the current situation, saying the country is in a "rapid downward spiral" and at "the edge of civil war." This isn't the first time the U.N. Security Council has weighed in on the mounting tensions. Last month the council slammed the rebels for taking over democratic institutions and holding officials under house arrest. But so far, it seems calls for calm from around the world have done little to quell the violence. Last week, a Yemeni jet commanded by the Houthi fired missiles at a palace housing Hadi in the port city of Aden. No one was injured, but the direct strike marked an escalation in the deadly fighting between the two sides. That same day, Yemeni military forces -- some under the Houthis, others led by officers loyal to Hadi -- battled in Aden, leaving at least 13 people dead in the clashes, Aden Gov. AbdulAziz Hobtour said. There are growing concerns that terror groups such as al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and ISIS could take advantage of the chaos to mount attacks and spread their reach. Bombings at two mosques in Sanaa last week killed at least 137 people and wounded hundreds more. ISIS claimed responsibility in a statement posted on a site that has published previous statements from the group. On Saturday the State Department said the U.S. military had pulled its remaining personnel out of Yemen due to the deteriorating security situation. Journalist Hakim Almasmari reported from Sanaa, CNN's Catherine E. Shoichet reported from Atlanta and CNN's Richard Roth reported from the United Nations. CNN's Anas Hamdan, Greg Botelho, Hamdi Alkhshali, Ed Payne and Laura Koran contributed to this report. | The U.N. Security Council backs Yemen's embattled President . U.N. envoy says Yemen is in a "rapid downward spiral," urges dialogue . Houthi rebels have taken over the Taiz airport and set up checkpoints nearby . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | At Dolce & Gabbana's Milan Fashion Week show this afternoon, it wasn't just the clothes that turned heads on the catwalk. In a tribute to mothers and motherhood, each model carried a baby down the runway, with some expertly holding their precious cargo and others struggling to come to grips with the little ones. The backdrop, a white panel adorned with a red rose and the word 'mamma' in script, completed the theme of the show, which was fittingly called 'Viva la Mamma'. Scroll down for video . At Dolce & Gabbana's Milan Fashion Week show this afternoon, models walked the catwalk while carrying babies in a tribute to motherhood . Pregnant Italian model Bianca Balti (left) strutted her stuff in the label's latest designs. Another model (right) kept her precious cargo close . The tiny fashionistas, who were all decked out in lace dresses and mini suits, ranged in age from just a few months to a few years old. While most of the babies were apparently unrelated to the models, pregnant supermodel Bianca Balti, 30, showcased her very own baby bump on the runway, looking positively glowing in a powder pink sheath dress and black heels. According to guests, the youngsters on the runway were extremely well-behaved, but a few pictures from the show tell something of a different story. In one image, for instance, a model clad in a black and red floral ensemble smiles brightly as she carries her adorable accessory - but the baby looks thoroughly nonplussed. The backdrop, a white panel adorned with a red rose and the word 'mamma' in script, completed the theme of the show, which was fittingly called 'Viva la Mamma' According to spectators, the youngsters on the runway were comfortable and extremely well-behaved - but some of the pictures from the show tell something of a different story . A model is seen holding her precious cargo as she showcases looks from Dolce & Gabbana's autumn/winter 2015 collection . Another shot sees a model carrying her baby so that she faces forward, toward the audience, a position that does not seem to sit well with the blue-eyed little girl. Even the designs were in keeping with the theme, with evening gowns embroidered with children's doodles and other designs emblazoned with the words 'Je t'aime maman' and 'Mamma'. Mothering day isn't officially celebrated in Italy until May, a full two months after the UK's version of the holiday, but it clearly played an important part in the tone of the show. A model and her mini-me strut their stuff in matching pink dresses adorned with the words 'je t'aime maman' Karlie Kloss is seen in the forefront as a model walks behind her carrying a tiny fashionista . Even the designs were in keeping with the theme, with evening gowns embroidered with children's doodles . Also on the runway was supermodel Karlie Kloss, who cut an elegant figure in a black velvet dress featuring a beautiful red rose print cut just below the knee and worn with red satin shoes. The 22-year-old's hair was coiffed in a simple up-do, with a slick of burgundy lipstick setting off the look. Karlie recently announced her decision to hang up her Victoria's Secret Angel wings in order to attend NYU's Gallatin School of Individualised Studies. She said to Style.com of the big move: 'I have a lot of exciting things coming up and you can't be everywhere.' | Dolce & Gabbana show Sunday afternoon at Milan Fashion Week took inspiration from motherhood . Some models carried babies down the runway, and pregnant beauty Bianca Balti paraded her very own baby bump . Designers glamorous catwalk was dubbed 'Viva la Mamma' and inspired by classic Italian maternal style . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Nigel Owens does a bit of stand-up comedy in his spare time, as well as after-dinner speaking, and one can imagine him being quite funny. The Welsh referee, considered among the finest in world rugby, was amusing in his response to being flattened by Jimmy Cowan a few years ago. ‘Try going past me next time,’ he remarked, after eventually returning to his feet, even though he knew full well that he, and not the New Zealand scrum-half, was at fault. It was entertaining to listen to him this week as he reflected on a hugely impressive performance at Twickenham last Saturday. Welsh referee Nigel Owens disputes a decision with England captain Chris Robshaw at Twickenham . Television viewers were struck by the manner in which he handled the players during an extraordinary game that occasionally became bad-tempered. He defused certain situations quite beautifully, even addressing individuals by their full Christian names to exert some authority. Chris Robshaw became ‘Christopher’, with Owens praising the England skipper and his opposite number for playing some marvellous rugby while ordering them to cut out the nonsense. It worked — players addressed him as ‘sir’. Rugby players generally tend to respect referees rather more than their footballing counterparts but Owens, 43, commands more respect than most. Owens commands more respect than many referees when taking charge of top level rugby . When he was the victim of homophobic chanting at Twickenham last autumn, — two England fans were fined and banned for abusing Owens for being gay — he received messages of support from players from England as well as Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, France and Wales. And when he once asked Ronan O’Gara to sign a copy of his autobiography for his father, the then Ireland fly-half wished Geraint Owens a happy Christmas, but also added how proud he should be of his son. He will go up in the estimation of most for the way he handled a situation only this week. The victim of a homophobic tweet after last weekend’s Six Nations encounter, Owens agreed to travel to Carmarthen Police Station to meet the 18-year-old who had abused him. As part of an agreed Adult Community Resolution — an alternative way of resolving crimes that allows victims to be involved in deciding how the offender can be dealt with by choosing from a list of out-of-court options — Owens accepted what he described as ‘a profound apology’ and let the matter rest. International referee Nigel Owens jokes around with wrestler Barri Griffiths on a Welsh TV show . Owens, who does some stand-up comedy in his spare time, appears to enjoy the limelight . ‘It’s like refereeing a game of rugby,’ Owens told me. ‘You can’t referee in black and white. There is an awful lot of grey and you have to apply a bit of common sense. ‘This young man was genuinely remorseful for something he accepts was stupid. He apologised to me publicly on Twitter and on Facebook. ‘He could have been left with a criminal record but I saw no point in that on this occasion. The key thing is to get the message out there that it’s not acceptable to insult someone in that way. ‘I have learned to handle this kind of abuse. But there will be people out there who are struggling the way I once did and they will find it extremely hurtful. This is about protecting them.’ Getting the key decisions right is how a referee is ultimately judged but players seem to like Owens’ style. ‘Until someone said it to me I hadn’t realised I’d called Robshaw “Christopher”,’ he says. ‘I suppose you could see it as a device that makes clear to someone you’re not entirely happy with them. It might be the way a teacher addresses a pupil. I did work as a technician at a school for a number of years and also with kids in youth clubs. The 43-year-old directs England and France players during the feisty encounter at Twickenham last weekend . ‘But I’d probably address most people by their full name until I know them a bit better. ‘I learned from Derek Bevan, a great referee, and I think the secret is to be authoritative, firm and fair but not over-officious. ‘If you show the players respect they tend to respect you. And sometimes you can defuse a situation with a smile or a quick bit of wit. That’s probably where comedy comes in handy. I’ve been doing stand-up since I was 14.’ Rugby is his first love, but Owens follows football too and he takes an interest in some of the issues currently concerning referees in the round-ball game. The crowding of referees is a particular concern, while there is growing pressure for video technology. Owens shakes hands with Robshaw after last Saturday's Six Nations clash at Twickenham . ‘I certainly don’t think you can officiate at the top level in rugby without the technology that helps you get the key decisions right,’ he says. ‘That’s what we want to achieve across all sports. ‘It’s still not perfect. Even with a video replay, mistakes can still be made. But it’s definitely something I believe football would benefit from. ‘On occasions in rugby it is over-used and we have to guard against that. And football doesn’t have the natural stoppages that make it a bit easier to call on video technology in rugby. Football has more of a natural flow. ‘I think something like a captain’s challenge would be interesting; say one challenge per half per team for the decisions that really matter.’ The Welsh referee, who took charge of England vs France last weekend, has done stand-up since he was 14 . Respect is the other issue; one, in fairness to football, that the authorities have tried to tackle with different campaigns over the years. ‘Only if you are very naive would you say football doesn’t have an issue with respect,’ says Owens. ‘But rugby shouldn’t take the moral high ground either because I’ve seen problems in our sport too. I’ve seen referees being pushed in grassroots games and so on. ‘Ultimately it’s a problem in society, although football has to recognise it can influence how young people behave in society. But I think the laws of rugby allow referees to deal with these kind of issues more effectively. There are more breaks in rugby that enable you to speak to the players. ‘Referees could also be supported in terms of the citing process. If I make a mistake by giving a player a yellow card when it should have been red, it can be given retrospectively as a red. ‘This doesn’t happen in football, but if players knew that was a possibility — that the citing process was toughened up — it would lead to better behaviour on the field.’ | 43-year-old took charge of England vs France Six Nations clash . Owens defused certain situations quite brilliantly in bad-tempered match . 'Sometimes you can defuse a situation with a smile or a quick bit of wit' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A teenage school girl has been placed in 'isolation' by her secondary school which has a ban on 'unnatural' hair colours after she dyed her hair red. Alana Harrison, 13, has been told by management at King James's school in Huddersfield, west Yorkshire that she will not be allowed into classes until she changes the colour of her hair. Her family said that the Year 8 pupil from Kikheaton, west Yorkshire faces a long period away from her classmates because the colour in her hair was permanent. Alana Harrison, 13, pictured, has been told she cannot attend classes until the red hair colour is removed . Alana's mother Mandy said any attempt to change the colour now would cause damage to her daughter's hair. She said the hairdresser even contacted the school to confirm this fact. The schools said that the rules are very clear. They are in every student’s planner, tutors regularly remind pupils and a letter was sent home with every pupil in February reminding parents about the rules. In January pupil Oscar Ward, 16, spent many days in isolation at King James’s when he turned up with a bleach blond Mohican haircut. He has since changed his hairstyle to comply. Mrs Harrison said: 'Alana had some red put in her hair, it is not bright red. It won’t wash out; it’s permanent - the more she washes it, the brighter it will get. 'Alana is Type 1 diabetic and needs daily injections. I have told the school her blood sugar levels need checking every hour as she is just sitting down all day in isolation and not moving around, which causes her blood sugar levels to go up. 'It’s stressful for both of us as she is not allowed her mobile and I can’t ring her to check her sugars. 'She won’t learn much in isolation, but I have to send her to school or I will be fined. We are at a stalemate as we can’t change the colour of the hair. 'On Monday there was a girl there with purple hair, but she is not in isolation - and the head of year I spoke to on the phone has bleach blond hair.' Head teacher Robert Lamb said the school rules are very clear about the need for 'a conventional hair colour' Headteacher Robert Lamb said: 'Our rules on this are very clear and have not changed in the time I have been the headteacher, which is over 12 years. The girl had two older sisters at the school and the rules haven’t changed. 'The section about hair states: "Hair and Make-up: Conventional colour and style. Unnatural colours are not allowed." 'The Student Planner goes on to say: "If any student is not in full school uniform or meeting the expectations of appearance, they will have to rectify the situation before they are given permission to go into lessons." 'All schools have similar rules. The hair rule, like the other school rules, are there to ensure that nothing detracts children from what they are there for, which is to achieve their potential. 'If you break the school rules, you are punished, I don’t know what the story is.' Joe Head (right) went to school with his hair in a ponytail in the style of Swedish striker Zlatan Ibrahimovic (left) but the school wrote to his parents saying it was banned because it was associated with drug taking . Mandy Head didn't think there would be a problem when her son Joe said he wanted to go to school at Pope Paul Catholic Primary School in Potters Bar wearing his hair in a pony tail in the style of Swedish footballer Zlatan Ibrahimovic. But the next day she received a letter telling her that her son's hairstyle was 'unsuitable' and headteacher Helen Lines told her it was 'associated with drug taking.' Tom Mosely, left, from Eccles, wanted to have the same haircut as the Manchester City star Aguero, right . Ten-year-old Tom Moseley was told his short back and sides hairstyle, modelled on the Manchester City striker's look, was too extreme by staff St Gilbert's Primary School in Winton, Eccles, and he was removed from school on his birthday. His family say they were told he could either return to classes when his hair had grown, restyle it or wear a hat at all times. Meanwhile 14-year-old Jordan Ford was suspended from school after he arrived with a dyed red mohican hairstyle. He was sent home from Bridge Learning Campus in Whitchurch, Bristol by staff. So the youngster decided to post an old photograph of head teacher Keziah Featherstone he found on Facebook featuring the teacher sporting a bright purple hair cut and pink Dr Martens boots. Jordan Ford found an embarrassing photograph of head teacher Keziah Featherstone and posted it to his Facebook page which led to him receiving a further suspension from his school in Bristol . Jordan, pictured, had initially been sent home for having a bright red Mohican style hair cut . | Alana Harrison attended school in Huddersfield with bright red hair . The 13-year-old that she would be 'isolated' while it remained 'unnatural' Staff at King James's School in Huddersfield say their rules are very clear . Pupils are only allowed to have a 'conventional colour or style' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tottenham's fans may have been sick of the sight of Chelsea blue after their Capital One Cup final defeat, but their captain didn't appear to be. Spurs lost 2-0 to Jose Mourinho's men at Wembley Stadium, but as Hugo Lloris led his team up to collect their loser's medals, he appeared to don a Chelsea scarf. In fairness to the French goalkeeper, he didn't appear to notice it wasn't his team's colours - time playing for Les Bleus will do that to you. As Hugo Lloris goes up to collect his medal, he sees that something has been thrown at him . Without realising that it is a Chelsea scarf, the Tottenham captain picks it up and wraps it round his neck . Lloris wearing the scarf after defeat by Chelsea in the Capital One Cup final at Wembley . As a clearly distracted Lloris walked up to get the medal, a member of the crowd threw the scarf at him. The former Lyon man then nonchalantly picked it up and chucked it around his neck before trudging onward. It was an unfortunate end to an unfortunate day for Lloris in which he conceded twice after opposition shots took wicked deflections off of his own players. | Chelsea beat Tottenham 2-0 in the Capital One Cup final at Wembley . Scarf thrown at Hugo Lloris as he went up to collect his loser's medal . Tottenham's captain then put it on, not realising it was a Chelsea scarf . |
What color is Lavendar? | Lavender is a light shade of purple or violet. It applies particularly to the color of the flower of the same name. The web color called lavender is displayed at right—it matches the color of the very palest part of the lavender flower; however, the more saturated color shown below as floral lavender more closely matches the average color of the lavender flower as shown in the picture and is the tone of lavender historically and traditionally considered lavender by the average person as opposed to those who are website designers. The color lavender might be described as a medium purple or a light pinkish-purple. The term lavender may be used in general to apply to a wide range of pale, light or grayish-purples but only on the blue side. Lilac is pale purple on the pink side. In paints, the color lavender is made by mixing purple and white paint.
The first recorded use of the word lavender as a color term in English was in 1705. | Lavender is a light shade of purple or violet. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)I was finishing my studies when the war began four years ago. I had only two subjects remaining before I graduated from university with a degree in English literature. Since I was 10 years old, I have loved English and dreamed of becoming a teacher. I want to teach the younger ones, especially now, because children are the ones who will rebuild our country. They are Syria's future, and they deserve our significant investment. Three years ago, my family was forced to flee our home near Damascus, in east Ghouta. Thankfully, we got out before chemical warfare was used there. We stayed in Syria for the next year, moving from one house to another, from one village to another. With each move, we felt no comfort, no safety. When you feel unsafe in a place that is being bombed nearly every day, you eventually must make a choice: Ours was to leave. And with only two packed bags, we did. We went to Jordan. I've thought of returning to Syria. I want to be part of my country's rebuilding, but sadly, I don't expect this to happen any time soon. When we arrived in Jordan, I thought I would return soon to Syria -- in only a few weeks. We all thought so. It's been two years. And while I still hope to go home one day, my biggest question is: "When?" I want to return so that I can teach. As a child, I was inspired by my third-grade teacher, who believed children are the future and who challenged us at that young age to create a better world. I think it's rare for a teacher to instill this so passionately in her students, but I want to try. Although I hope to follow in my teacher's footsteps, my path for now is blocked by the uncertainty of living far from home, by a war that has driven me here, by tuition costs in Jordan that are prohibitively expensive. Being away from home presents many challenges. You feel like a stranger in a foreign place. You're not among people who know you, or who want to know you. As a Syrian refugee, it is nearly impossible to get permission to be officially employed, and I've no money to complete my studies. Overnight, my dreams changed. In one moment I was at home with family and friends dreaming of studying English, of becoming a schoolteacher. In the next, it all feels lost. It's impossible to work, impossible to study. We hope to meet our needs today, not so much to fulfill our dreams tomorrow. In Syria, I was responsible to my parents, now I am responsible for them. I dreamed of being a teacher, but because my parents are old, I must try each week just to protect them, to cover their basic needs of shelter, food and medicine. I needed some way to support my family. While most Syrians are not permitted to work, we can volunteer. I found a role with the poverty-fighting organization CARE in the urban refugee center in East Amman, Jordan, where I earn a stipend doing meaningful volunteer work. I have enjoyed it so much. After working there, I have become more social, and no longer feel isolated. It's not like sitting at home, feeling powerless, losing confidence, wondering what I can do to help my family, to help my people. Instead, I feel empowered. I recognize my potential. And, because of that, I refuse to give up on my dreams. My hope is to resettle for the short term in another country so I can continue my studies. I want to complete my education -- and reclaim my dream of teaching Syrian children. Resettling could help shape my future so that I can help shape theirs. One day, I will tell them of the crisis we faced in the Syria that I left. We must be aware of this history, and learn from it. We must empower children to speak up and then be sure that their voices are heard. Change starts with them. And it starts with us. Each person has the right to pursue an education, to meet their most basic needs, to express themselves. When those rights are stifled, so, too, is a person's potential, her opportunities, her power to create a better world, and in my case, a better Syria. My question to the U.S. people and the international community is this: Imagine your life has been turned upside down after you lose everything in a matter of hours: What do you believe in then? What do you cling to? The answer, I think, is: your dreams. We all have them. Mine, for the time being, have been deferred. | Four years of war means four years without schools and education in Syria . Hiba was nearly done with university when she was forced to flee her home near Damascus . To help Hiba and the many other displaced Syrian students, go to CARE . |
In the paragraph below, what are the major sources of methane emissions? | Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Most is carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas. The largest emitters include coal in China and large oil and gas companies. Human-caused emissions have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 50% over pre-industrial levels. The growing levels of emissions have varied, but have been consistent among all greenhouse gases (GHGs). Emissions in the 2010s averaged 56 billion tons a year, higher than any decade before.
Electricity generation, heat and transport are major emitters; overall energy is responsible for around 73% of emissions. Deforestation and other changes in land use also emit carbon dioxide and methane. The largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions is agriculture, closely followed by gas venting and fugitive emissions from the fossil-fuel industry. The largest agricultural methane source is livestock. Agricultural soils emit nitrous oxide partly due to fertilizers. Similarly, fluorinated gases from refrigerants play an outsized role in total human emissions. | The largest source of methane emissions is agriculture. Gas venting and emissions from the fossil-fuel industry are the next major sources. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Patrick Sondenheimer loved his work as a pilot. But the 34-year-old captain of Germanwings Flight 9525 was also a loving father, his grandmother said. "I am devastated," said his grandmother, who asked for privacy for the family. "His death came so sudden and it leaves my whole family in shock." Sondenheimer is one of 150 people who died last week when the plane crashed in the French Alps on its way from Barcelona, Spain, to Dusseldorf, Germany. Authorities have accused the plane's co-pilot of deliberately downing the jet, but are still investigating what caused the crash and trying to pinpoint what his motive may have been. Investigators haven't officially released the captain's name, and in many German media reports he's described simply as "Patrick S." But several relatives confirmed his identity to CNN. He had logged more than 6,000 hours of flight time, had been with Germanwings since May 2014 and had worked with Lufthansa and Condor before that, the Germanwings press office said. The married father of a 3-year-old son and a 6-year-old daughter switched to flying for the budget airline so he could be closer to his family, the Independent reported, citing German media. In a leaked transcript that purportedly documents the flight's final moments, Sondenheimer -- locked out of the cockpit after a bathroom break -- pleads with the co-pilot to let him back in as the plane plunges down toward the French Alps. "Open the damn door!" he says at one point in a recording from one of the plane's so-called black boxes, according to a report published by German tabloid newspaper Bild. The recording, according to Bild, also includes the sounds of loud metallic bangs that sound like someone trying to knock down the cockpit door. "He deserves the German Medal of Honor for his heroic attempt to break into the cockpit," his grandmother told CNN. As details emerge about Sondenheimer and Flight 9525's final moments, a chorus of social media users has also hailed him as a hero. Over the weekend, Sondenheimer's father and other family members visited a memorial for the victims in the French Alps. Francois Balique, mayor of Le Vernet, met with them there. He described the captain's father as a broken man, with many questions about why the crash had happened. Investigators haven't said much about the captain, but they've emphasized that it seems he did everything he could to try to get back into the cockpit after he was locked out. Marseille prosecutor Brice Robin said last week that "violent blows as if to break down the door" are audible in the cockpit voice recording. "He must have realized what was going on," Robin said. "And if he'd been able to open the door ... the captain would have done it." CNN's Felix Gussone, David Fitzpatrick, Bharati Naik, Tim Lister, Pamela Brown, Karl Penhaul and Dorrine Mendoza contributed to this report. | Patrick Sondenheimer's grandmother describes him as a loving father . German media report he decided to fly for Germanwings to be closer to his family . Social media posts describe him as a hero for trying to save the flight . |
What was the Underground Railroad? | The Underground Railroad was a network of clandestine routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early- to the mid-19th century. It was used by enslaved African Americans primarily to escape into free states and Canada. The network was assisted by abolitionists and others sympathetic to the cause of the escapees. The enslaved persons who risked escape and those who aided them are also collectively referred to as the "Underground Railroad". Various other routes led to Mexico, where slavery had been abolished, and to islands in the Caribbean that were not part of the slave trade. An earlier escape route running south toward Florida, then a Spanish possession (except 1763–1783), existed from the late 17th century until approximately 1790. However, the network now generally known as the Underground Railroad began in the late 18th century. It ran north and grew steadily until the Emancipation Proclamation was signed by President Abraham Lincoln. One estimate suggests that by 1850, approximately 100,000 enslaved people had escaped to freedom via the network | The Underground Railroad was a secret network of routes and safe houses in the United States established in the early 19th century that led to free states, Canada, Mexico and other overseas areas. Black slaves used the Underground Railroad to escape from slavery. It is estimated that by 1850, about 100,000 slaves had escaped to freedom by the "Railroad". |
From the paragraph about the painting, "The Little Street", tell me the painting's significance with reference to the Dutch Golden Age in that period. | The Little Street (Het Straatje) is a painting by the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer, executed c. 1657-1658. It is exhibited at the Rijksmuseum of Amsterdam, and signed, below the window in the lower left-hand corner, "I V MEER". | Vermeer's "The Little Street" is significant in the context of the Dutch Golden Age movement as it depicts a typical aspect of life in a Dutch Golden Age town during the 17th century. It is one of only two known Vermeer paintings of views of Delft, the others being "View of Delft". Its attention to detail, the use of light, and the realistic portrayal of everyday life are characteristic of the Dutch Golden Age movement's focus on realism and domesticity in art. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Patrick and Sue Ellen Kilgallon knew the storm was coming. They tried to get out of northern Kentucky on Wednesday night. Instead, they got stuck in the snow on Interstate 65. The Florida couple and their two dogs were still there Thursday morning, more than 14 hours later, unable to get back to the Sunshine State. "We're just sitting here praying, hoping to get out," Patrick Kilgallon told CNN on Thursday. They were among hundreds of motorists who had been stranded on I-65 near Elizabethtown, Kentucky, and on Interstate 24 near Paducah after a storm so intense that road crews just couldn't keep up. Gov. Steve Beshear said Thursday afternoon that some traffic had begun to inch along. "We have finally cleared some emergency lanes on the sides of the roads, and the traffic now northbound on I-65 is beginning to move slowly and to clear out," he told CNN. "It will take several hours to clear it out, because it's backed up so much. But it is moving again, thank goodness." Video shot from news helicopters above the interstate showed that by 4 p.m., cars and many tractor-trailers were rolling along, once they cleared a hill near Elizabethtown. But in some places, the vehicles that still had gas had to maneuver around those that didn't. And Thursday evening, traffic was still at a standstill in Hart County between mile markers 71 and 74, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet said. The Kentucky National Guard was helping motorists, taking some to nearby warming centers and returning others to their cars where the highways were passable, Lt. Col. Kirk Hilbrecht told CNN. 94 million Americans say: 'Enough with winter, already' Beshear told CNN that officials had been prepared. "We did everything we could in advance," he said. There were no reports of any deaths or major injuries, the governor said. "I-65 was literally a parking lot for 15 hours," said Rev. Janette Wilson, who was stuck on the highway while headed from Chicago to Selma, Alabama. "The thing that troubles me the most was the lack of preparedness for the storm and the inability of the Kentucky emergency response team to investigate ... the impact on people on the road." No one checked whether people had run out of food or gas, or gave those stranded an update, she told CNN's Anderson Cooper. Wilson said they were stuck on the road and not moving between 2:30 a.m. and 4 p.m. A morning weather report indicated that over a 15-hour span, 21 inches of snow had fallen on Elizabethtown, about 50 miles south of Louisville. Other parts of Kentucky, along with parts of Ohio to the north and Tennessee to the south, had more than a foot of snow. The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet published a hotline number for motorists stranded on the highway. The Kilgallons gassed up Wednesday night and tried to beat the storm as they traveled south for Florida. But 25 miles from Louisville, they hit "nothing but dead stop" on I-65. Kilgallon has a scanner in the car and said she has heard that a tractor-trailer collided with several cars, and while the truck was moved, there were not enough tow trucks to move the other vehicles involved in the accident. The Kilgallons had a few snacks left and are rationing the water they have left, Patrick Kilgallon said Thursday afternoon. They ran the engine on their new Jeep all night to keep warm and prevent the ice from encrusting the car too deeply, he said. Asked whether she was upset with Kentucky officials, Sue Ellen Kilgallon said no. "I think they're doing the best they can," she said. "I'd cry if it weren't so amusing." CNN's Steve Almasy, Chuck Johnston, Brandon Miller and Carol Costello contributed to this report. | Some motorists still stuck on interstate . Kentucky governor says state officials did everything they could in advance . Motorists also had been stranded on Interstate 24 near Paducah, Kentucky . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tal Ben Haim and Simon Church may drive to Charlton training sessions together but come Saturday they will be on opposing sides in a clash that could define their teams’ Euro 2016 qualifying hopes. Israel host Wales at Haifa’s Sammy Ofer Stadium in a match between the top two in Group B that Ben Haim promises will be fuelled with national fervour. The former Bolton, Chelsea and Manchester City defender wears the Israel armband and may be tasked with marking Church, who has led the line for Wales during this qualifying campaign. Tal Ben Haim (left) has revealed his friendship with Simon Church (right) will be put to one side . Charlton defender Ben Haim faces the prospect of having to mark Wales superstar Gareth Bale (left) ‘We’re really good team-mates so it’s going to be a bit strange,’ said Ben Haim. ‘But in the first few minutes that will pass and we’re going to be big enemies. The atmosphere will be like you have never seen in England. ‘Our fans are really passionate. They guaranteed their places three months ago — you can’t get tickets. Everyone is talking about the game. It’s huge for us.’ Around 30,000 supporters will be waiting for Gareth Bale and Co, the vast majority cheering on Israel, who have begun their campaign with three wins from three. Wales are a point behind after two wins and two draws. Israel captain Ben Haim will have to deal with the threat posed by Belgium winger Eden Hazard on March 31 . Israel’s match against Belgium, scheduled for last September, was postponed because of the conflict in Gaza. Wales’s visit, according to Ben Haim, gives cause for positivity. ‘We have all the country behind us,’ he said. ‘We want to put smiles on people’s faces because they have been through a difficult period, and football is the best way for us, as players, to represent the country. It is the best way to help the people.’ After Bale, Ben Haim is likely to face Eden Hazard when Belgium visit three days later. ‘They are players in prime form and will be very tough opponents,’ said the 32-year-old. ‘But we need to play them as a team, not as individuals.’ Church is also keen to get the better of his club-mate. He said: ‘I’d love to score against Ben Haim, that’ll be an extra incentive!’ | Tal Ben Haim will go up against close friend Simon Church on Saturday . Israel host Wales in what could be a pivotal Euro 2016 qualifier . Ben Haim has admitted it will be 'strange' going up against Church . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A quarter of us suffer from 'Sunday night insomnia' – and it's all down to our fears of starting a new working week. Even commuting causes fretful nights, with 10 per cent of Britons too worried about their journey to work on Mondays to enjoy a proper night's rest, a study has found. On average, Britons manage just six and a half hours' sleep a night, which is far less than the recommended eight hours. More than half only get four hours sleep or less. A quarter of Britons suffer from 'Sunday night insomnia' as we are too scared to start a new working week . The study, carried out by the Tune Hotels Group, reveals a nation suffering from a sleep deficit due to the anxieties about the start of a new working week. Jason Ellis, Professor of Sleep Science at Northumbria University, said: 'As a general rule, the average person needs around eight hours sleep a night to feel the full restorative benefits. 'This is particularly true of people who have very physically or mentally challenging jobs. '"Sunday-somnia" is something I see a lot and it's important that people deal with the issues surrounding their sleep deprivation so that it doesn't have a knock on effect on sleep later in the week.' Commuting to work causes 10 per cent to have a restless sleep on Sunday night ahead of work the next day . | Commuting causes 10 per cent of Britons a restless sleep on Sunday night . Most manage just six and a half hours a night - less than is recommended . Sleep science professor, Jason Ellis, admits seeing 'Sunday-somnia' a lot . |
In which countries in Pinot Noir most commonly grown ? | Pinot noir's home is France's Burgundy region, particularly Côte-d'Or. It is also planted in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, northern parts of Croatia, Czech Republic, England, the Republic of Georgia, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Hungary, Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, New Zealand, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, Ukraine, United States, and Uruguay. The United States has increasingly become a major pinot noir producer, with some of the best regarded coming from Oregon's Willamette Valley, and California's Sonoma County with its Russian River Valley and Sonoma Coast appellations. Lesser-known appellations are found in Mendocino County's Anderson Valley, the Central Coast's Santa Lucia Highlands appellation, the Santa Maria Valley, and Sta. Rita Hills American Viticulture Area in Santa Barbara County. In New Zealand, it is principally grown in Martinborough, Marlborough, Waipara, and Central Otago | Pinot Noir is grown in France, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, the Republic of Georgia, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Hungary, Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, New Zealand, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, Ukraine, United States, and Uruguay. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Bhutan, the world's worst international team according to FIFA rankings, picked up a 1-0 win against Sri Lanka in their World Cup qualifying debut on Thursday. Tshering Dorji scored the only goal of the match in the 84th minute for the small Himalayan nation, ranked last of the 209 teams in FIFA's rankings, in steamy Colombo. Before Thursday, Bhutan had only three wins to their name and were beaten 5-2 by Sri Lanka in their last international match at the 2013 South Asian Football Championships in Kathmandu. Tshering Dorji (left) celebrates after scoring the winner for Bhutan in their qualifier against Sri Lanka . Bhutan players celebrate after their 1-0 victory against Sri Lanka in the opening Russia 2018 qualifiers . Bhutan captain Karma Shedrup Tshering (left) passes the ball during the qualifier in Colombo on Thursday . Timor-Leste 4-1 Mongolia . Cambodia 3-0 Mecau . Sri Lanka 0-1 Bhutan . Chinese Taipei 0-1 Brunei . India 2-0 Nepal . Yemen 3-1 Pakistan . *All are first legs of two-legged ties . The performance from the side, who were once thrashed 20-0 by Kuwait in an Asian Cup qualifier in 2000, drew praise from even FIFA president Sepp Blatter. 'A wonderful, historic moment. Bhutan, ranked 209/209 in world, won their 1st ever #WCQ today, 1-0 in Sri Lanka,' Blatter said on his Twitter handle. After Bhutan, Brunei also won for the first time in the World Cup qualifiers, beating Taiwan with a 36th-minute goal from Adi Said while Cambodia defeated Macau 3-0 in Phnom Penh. Lowly East Timor earlier kicked off the long and winding road to Russia 2018 by registering their first ever World Cup qualifying win, a 4-1 success over Mongolia in Dili. Striker Chiquito Filipe do Carmo scored the first goals of the three-year qualifying campaign that will see all of FIFA's 208 members play more than 800 matches to determine which 31 sides will join the hosts at the finals. Bhutan supporters wave their flags as they celebrate a famous victory for their team on Thursday . Sri Lanka's Kavidu Ishan (left) looks to pass, while Chencho Gyeltshen and Thilina Bandara vie for the ball . FIFA president Sepp Blatter announces Russia in December 2010 as the host of the 2018 World Cup . The victory was only the fourth the 185th-ranked East Timor achieved since becoming FIFA members in 2005. Such was the excitement for the fixture in the Portuguese-speaking Southeast Asian nation, that a big screen was erected outside the Municipal Stadium for fans who couldn't get their hands on one of the 10,000 tickets on sale. They would have seen their diminutive striker, better known as Quito, strike in the seventh and 10th minutes before Brazilian-born Rodrigo Silva netted a third in the 89th minute and substitute Neto grabbed a fourth in stoppage time. Batmonkhiin Erkhembayar grabbed a late consolation for the visitors to give them some slight hope of overturning the deficit in the second leg in Mongolia on Tuesday. In other matches, India beat Nepal 2-0, while Yemen play Pakistan. The six aggregate winners will move into the second round of the Asian World Cup campaign, which doubles as the qualifiers for the 24-team 2019 Asian Cup, where the likes of regional powerhouses Japan, Australia and Iran enter the fold. | The first 2018 World Cup qualifiers were held on Thursday . Bhutan, the world's lowest ranked side, upset Sri Lanka 1-0 . East Timor were first to claim victory, beating Mongolia 4-1 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Philadelphia police this morning identified the two brothers who have been charged with the murder of a police officer who was gunned down while trying to stop a video game store robbery. During a press conference held at 11.15am Friday, Philadelphia Police Capt. Darrell Clark named the suspects in the fatal shooting of Officer Robert Wilson III as Ramone Williams, 26, and Carlton Hipps, 30, . Williams had two prior arrests, while Hipps had six arrests and had been out on parole since 2009 following a robbery conviction. The pair of suspects have been charged with murder and attempted murder. Partners in crime: Carlton Hipps (left), 30, and Ramone Williams (right), 26, have been charged with the murder of a police officer inside a Philadelphia video game store . Officer: Philadelphia Police Officer Robert Wilson III, 30 (photographed), died Thursday after being shot in the head during an attempted robbery at a video-game store on the city's north side . Wilson, 30, was in a north Philadelphia GameStop in full uniform buying a video game for his 8-year-old son for getting good grades when the two suspects entered and announced a robbery. Wilson immediately confronted the suspects, and the three exchanged gunfire, with the assailants firing rounds at close range on either side of the officer, Commissioner Charles Ramsey told reporters. Wilson was struck multiple times in his body but continued to fire until he was fatally shot in the head, Ramsey said. 'The officer was an out-and-out hero and a warrior,' Captain Clark told reporters Friday. 'He fought to the end.' Wilson's partner, Officer Stevenson, was outside of the store and exchanged fire with one of the assailants. The second assailant fled and attempted to blend in with the crowd but was caught at the scene. One was shot in the leg, Ramsey said, but it is unclear if the assailant was shot by Wilson or his partner. According to police, Williams confessed to the fatal robbery, telling investigators during questioning that he and his brother had thought the GameStop was going to be an easy target. Wilson was rushed to Temple University Hospital where he was pronounced dead at 6.25pm, NBC reports. Wilson was an eight-year veteran of the department, a husband, and a father of two boys, ages 1 and eight. His older son will celebrate his 9th birthday Monday. GameStop: Wilson was in full uniform inside a North Philadelphia GameStop (photographed) as part of his patrol duties when two armed men entered the store and announced a robbery . Struck: Wilson was struck multiple times but continued to fire until he was fatally shot in the head (here, Wilson's body is transported by ambulance to the Medical Examiner's Office) Procession: A procession was held for the officer Thursday as his body was transported by ambulance to the Medical Examiner's Office . Never Forgotten: Department officials posted on the Philadelphia Police Department's Facebook page writing that Wilson's sacrifice will 'never, ever, be forgotten' 'Take a moment and say a prayer for this family,' Ramsey said. 'And this 9-year-old boy who will now grow up without a father. A 1-year-old is going to grow up without a dad because of what happened today.' Authorities later found the suspect's weapons in the store: a .40-caliber and a 9mm. Another weapon, an AK-47, was recovered during a search warrant at one of the suspects' home, Ramsey said. In all, over 50 shots were fired during the gun battle inside the video game store. Police say both the suspects were repeat offenders and one was on parole at the time of the shooting. The suspect who was shot was taken to a local hospital but his condition has not been released, NBC reports. Wilson was a volunteer in the department's body-camera program but is was not immediately known if he was wearing one at the time of the shooting, Ramsey said. However, a surveillance camera in the store captured the incident. The video has been reviewed by homicide investigators. A procession was held for the officer Thursday as his body was transported by ambulance to the Medical Examiner's Office. At the news conference, Ramsey said he met Wilson and his partner when they took part in a recent pilot program in which officers wore body cameras. He described the father of two as a 'very, very brave, heroic individual.' 'People tend to lose sight of the dangers inherent in being a police officer,' Ramsey said. 'Sometimes they're seriously injured or even murdered as a result of trying to protect every single person in this city...He put his life on the line to make Philadelphia a better city and a safer city.' Volunteer: Wilson (left) was a volunteer in the department's body-camera program but is was not immediately known if he was wearing one at the time of the shooting . Condolences: Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf issued a statement offering his condolences to Wilson's family and his colleagues . Department officials posted on the Philadelphia Police Department's Facebook page writing that Wilson's sacrifice will 'never, ever, be forgotten.' Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf issued a statement offering his condolences to Wilson's family and his colleagues. 'This senseless act is devastating and a stark reminder of the danger faced everyday by our brave men and women in uniform,' Wolf said. 'Across Pennsylvania, members of law enforcement and our first responders put their lives on the line to protect our families and our communities. We can never forget their selfless service and sacrifice.' Wilson is the fifth Philadelphia Police officer to die due to a gun shot wound since 2007, according to the Fraternal Order of Police. | Officer Robert Wilson III died Thursday after being shot in the head during an attempted robbery in North Philadelphia . Wilson exchanged gunfire with two suspects after the gunmen entered a video game store and announced a robbery . Two brothers, Ramone Williams, 26, and Carlton Hipps, 30, charged in the fatal shooting . Williams had two prior arrests, while Hipps had six arrests and had been out on parole since 2009 . Wilson, an eight-year veteran on the force, was buying a video game for his 8-year-old son for getting good grades when robbery occurred . AK-47 was recovered during a search warrant at one of the suspects' home . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England's cricket calamity has sharpened the minds of their rugby counterparts, who know they are next in line to carry the nation's hopes into a World Cup. Events in Australia on Monday registered strongly at the Red Rose HQ in Surrey — serving to highlight the pressure that will come with the global tournament on these shores later this year. While there are still two rounds of RBS 6 Nations matches to go, Stuart Lancaster is mindful of September's showpiece. England's failure to beat Bangladesh in the Cricket World Cup has got Stuart Lancaster feeling the pressure . The England rugby coach said there was more expectation from the nation after the poor showing in Adelaide . 'It's hugely disappointing to see the cricket guys go out and you understand the expectation and the stakes,' said the head coach. 'I have a massive game on Saturday and another one the following Saturday, but you can't help thinking ahead to what September is going to look and feel like. With it being in our own country, the pressure and expectation is going to be huge.' Asked if he empathised with England cricket coach Peter Moores, who faces a fight to save his job, Lancaster said: 'I've met him a couple of times but we haven't spoken recently. 'Any coach can empathise with another from their country who has had a difficult World Cup. It reinforces the need for us to be as prepared as we can be for our big challenge in six months.' Lancaster empathised with England cricket coach Peter Moores, who has been criticised for his management . | Staurt Lancaster is feeling the pressure after England's World Cup exit . The England rugby coach empathised with cricket coach Peter Moores . Lancaster was looking ahead to next year's Rugby World Cup on home soil . England have tough games with Scotland and France in the Six Nations over the next fortnight . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A couple of thick-skinned surfers in Alaska were caught on camera as they went head to head with the local pros; sea lions. The two unidentified men were spotted of the rocky coast of Shrine of St. Therese in Juneau as they paddled alongside the large creatures in near freezing conditions. In one shot a surfer leads the way as the seals trail behind him and in another the animals inquisitively watch as the humans pass them by. The unusual scene was captured by 55-year-old Danish photographer, Birger Baastrup. After noticing the surfers braving the extreme weather, Baastrup decided to use the opportunity to get some shots of them in action. Playtime: A couple of thick-skinned surfers in Alaska were caught on camera as they went head to head with the local pros; sea lions . Dressed for the weather: The two unidentified men were spotted of the rocky coast of Shrine of St. Therese in Juneau as they paddled alongside the large creatures in near freezing conditions . Catch me if you can: In one shot a surfer leads the way as the seals trail behind him and in another the animals inquisitively watch as the humans pass them by . Picture pro: The unusual scene was captured by 55-year-old Danish photographer, Birger Baastrup . Career high: The cameraman says in Alaska he sees a lot of wildlife, but spotting the sea lions was 'extra special' But it was only when he’d zoomed in on his camera that he noticed the unlikely panel of spectators bobbing in the water. Incredibly, the sea lions seemed to enjoy the show so much that they stayed nearly two hours but decided to keep their distance. Recalling the incident Baastrup said: 'When I got there the surfers and sea lions were already there. 'The sea lions repeatedly stuck their heads or large part of their body out of the water to watch these surfers and what they were doing. 'I have observed surfers at this location many times before but never with this amount of sea lions and around and I’ve never seen them this curious. 'I think the surfers were trying to ignore the sea lions but we were also just careful that they did not come too close. 'The sea lions didn’t interact with the surfers from what I saw, they can get quite territorial so that could potentially not be a good thing. 'Here in Alaska we see a lot of wildlife, which is one of the reasons I love living here, so it’s not a surprise to see sea lions, however, these were extra special.' Snapped: After noticing the surfers braving the extreme weather, Birger decided to use the opportunity to get some shots of them in action . Close up: But it was only when he’d zoomed in on his camera that he noticed the unlikely panel of spectators bobbing in the water . Unusual event: Recalling the incident Baastrup said: 'When I got there the surfers and sea lions were already there. The sea lions repeatedly stuck their heads or large part of their body out of the water to watch these surfers and what they were doing' | Two unidentified surfers were spotted of the rocky coast of Shrine of St. Therese in Juneau as they paddled alongside the large creatures in near freezing conditions . The unusual scene was captured by 55-year-old Danish photographer, Birger Baastrup . He said the sea lions played near the sportsmen for almost two hours but maintained a safe distance . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jerusalem (CNN)Within 48 hours of his election night victory, Benjamin Netanyahu rolled back his pre-election comments that there would be no Palestinian state if he were Prime Minister, but the damage may already have been done to relations with the two other major players in the negotiations: the United States and the Palestinians. In an interview with NBC, Netanyahu said, "I haven't changed my policy, I never retracted my speech six years ago calling for a demilitarized Palestinian state that recognizes the Jewish state. What has changed is the reality, Abu Mazen (nickhame of Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas) the Palestinian leader refuses to recognize the Jewish state, and he's made a pact with Hamas that calls for the destruction of Israel. And every territory vacated these days in the Middle East is taken up by Islamist forces and we want that to change so we can realize the vision of real sustained peace. I don't want a one-state solution, I want a sustainable two-state solution." Chief Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat says he believes the pre-election statement that Netanyahu will not allow a two-state solution. He says the Palestinians will keep pursuing statehood through the international arena instead of through negotiations. "I've negotiated with them for 20 years, and I complained to the international community that there is a big difference between someone being a tough negotiator which is legitimate and someone being a non-negotiator," Erekat said. "All Netanyahu needs to do to gain the credibility and the trust, not only of me but of the international community, he needs to stand tall and tell the Israeli people that in order to live in peace with our neighbors we're going to have to recognize the state of Palestine." Erekat says the Palestinians may try again for recognition once more at the United Nations, a forum where they fell one vote short of recognition as a full UN member state in December. A new United Nations Security Council consisting of different member states may be more favorable to a second Palestinian bid. So where does that leave the United States? The White House said it would "reassess" the relationship between the United States and Israel. The broad relationship includes security cooperation, financial assistance, and strong diplomatic ties. Both leaders reaffirmed the strength of those ties in the weeks before the Israeli elections. But the United States has also used its veto power as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council to block resolutions unfavorable to Israel. Some of that protection could be at stake here as the White House urges both sides back to negotiations. The last peace talks, moderated by Secretary of State John Kerry, broke down in April 2014 after nine months of negotiations. As the talks deteriorated before the scheduled deadline, Israel withdrew from the negotiations when Fatah announced a reconciliation with Hamas, a militant Islamic group, and an intention to form a unity government. In a phone call with Netanyahu, President Barack Obama congratulated Netanyahu and stressed the importance of a two-state solution. But with so much skepticism on both sides, a lasting peace remains a distant goal. | The White House says it would "reassess" the relationship between the United States and Israel . That comes after Netanyahu made campaign statements against a Palestinian state . Netanyahu rolled back the comments after his election victory . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Human waste left by climbers on Mount Everest has become a problem that is causing pollution and threatening to spread disease on the world's highest peak. The more than 700 climbers and guides who spend nearly two months on Everest's slopes each climbing season leave large amounts of faeces and urine, and the issue has not been addressed, the chief of Nepal's mountaineering association, Ang Tshering, told reporters on Tuesday. 'Climbers usually dig holes in the snow for their toilet use and leave the human waste there,' Tshering said, adding that the waste has been 'piling up' for years around the four camps. Scroll down for video . Human waste left by climbers on Mount Everest has become a problem that is causing pollution and threatening to spread disease on the world's highest peak, chief of Nepal's mountaineering association said . He said Nepal's government needs to get the climbers to dispose of the waste properly so the mountain remains pristine. Hundreds of foreign climbers attempt to scale Everest during Nepal's mountaineering season, which began this week and runs through May. Last year's season was canceled after 16 local guides were killed in an avalanche in April. Climbers spend weeks acclimatizing around the four camps set up between the base camp at 5,300 meters (17,380 feet) and the 8,850-meter-high (29,035-foot-high) summit. The camps have tents and some essential equipment and supplies, but do not have toilets. At the base camp, where there are more porters, cooks and support staff during the climbing season, there are toilet tents with drums to store the waste. Once filled, the drums are carried to a lower area, where the waste is properly disposed. Hundreds of foreign climbers attempt to scale Everest during Nepal's mountaineering season, which began this week and runs through May . Dawa Steven Sherpa, who has been leading Everest cleanup expeditions since 2008, said some climbers carry disposable travel toilet bags to use in the higher camps. 'It is a health hazard and the issue needs to be addressed,' he said. Nepal's government has not come up with a plan yet to tackle the issue of human waste. But starting this season, officials stationed at the base camp will strictly monitor garbage on the mountain, said Puspa Raj Katuwal, the head of the government's Mountaineering Department. The government imposed new rules last year requiring each climber to bring down to the base camp eight kilograms (18 pounds) of rubbish — the amount it estimates a climber discards along the route. Climbing teams must leave a $4,000 (£2600) deposit that they lose if they don't comply with the regulations, Katuwal said. More than 4,000 climbers have scaled Mount Everest since 1953, when it was first conquered by New Zealand climber Edmund Hillary and his Sherpa guide, Tenzing Norgay. Hundreds of others have died in the attempt, while many have succeeded only with help from oxygen tanks, equipment porters and Sherpa guides. | Over 700 climbers and guides spend two months on Everest each year . Their toilets are usually holes in the snow, a Nepalese official said . He said that the waste has been 'piling up' for years around various camps . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mogadishu, Somalia (CNN)Gunmen detonated bombs and sprayed people with bullets as they raided a hotel in Somalia's capital late Friday afternoon, killing a Somali diplomat and at least five other people in an attack claimed by Islamic militant group Al-Shabaab, officials said. Yusuf Mohamed Ismail Bari-Bari, Somalia's permanent representative to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, was among those killed in the attack at the the Makka Al Mukarama hotel in Mogadishu, the Somali government said. The attack began around 5 p.m. when a car bomb exploded at the hotel's entrance, according to witness Aden Hussein, who said he was meters away from the hotel when the blast happened. Gunmen then went inside the hotel, shooting people, Hussein said. One of the attackers, wearing a belt with explosives, blew himself up inside the hotel, police Capt. Ahmed Abdi said . A few hours after the assault began, state-run media reported that security forces stormed the building and killed the remaining assailants. The attackers killed at least six people, Abdi said. The hotel, which is along a highway leading to the country's presidential palace, is popular with lawmakers, journalists and business people. An Al-Shabaab spokesman, Sheikh Abdiaziz Abu Musab, told CNN that the group was behind the attack. He said Al-Shabaab fighters were conducting an operation at the hotel against what he said were spies and government officials. Al-Shabaab has been active in Somalia for years. Initially its goal was implementing a stricter form of Islamic law, or Sharia, by warring against the Somali government. It has since shifted its focus to launching terror attacks in Somalia and beyond. Journalist Omar Nor reported from Mogadishu. CNN's Jason Hanna wrote from Atlanta. | Somali diplomat to the United Nations in Geneva was among those killed, government says . Witness: Attackers detonated car bomb, then shot people inside hotel . Hotel is popular with lawmakers, journalists and business people . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)After a handful events in two months, Hillary Clinton has filled her March with a mix of women's events, nonprofit speeches and at least one paid appearance. In January and February, Clinton headlined three events -- only one of which was in the United States. But as Clinton moves closer to her expected 2016 presidential campaign announcement, the former secretary or state has at least seven events scheduled for the month of March. Most of Clinton's events are focused on one thing: women. Clinton starts her month by headlining the 30th anniversary gala for Emily's List -- a pro-Clinton organization that focused on helping Democratic women win elected office. At the D.C. speech on March 3, Clinton is expected to give a nod to the group's importance to Democrats and highlight the reason more women are needed in politics. Emily's List has been energized by Clinton's campaign and has pledged to raise and spend more money than any other election cycle because of the prospect of a Clinton White House. The following week, Clinton will headline two New York events tied to her 1995 speech to the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing -- a speech Clinton regularly references in pitches to women. In that speech Clinton said, "If there is one message that echoes forth from this conference, let it be that human rights are women's rights and women's rights are human rights once and for all." On March 9, Clinton teams up with Chelsea, her daughter, and Melinda Gates to release a report through the Clinton Foundation that looks at "the gaps that still remain" in women's participation in the economy and politics. The following day -- on March 10 -- Clinton will headline the United Nation's Women Empowerment Principles annual gathering in New York. Clinton will use the speech to outline the findings in the Clinton Foundation report and "reflect on progress made in implementing the agenda set in Beijing two decades ago," the organizers said in a release about the event. On March 16, Clinton will be inducted into the Irish America Hall of Fame at an event in New York. Clinton is not Irish -- her family is of English, Scottish, French, and Welsh descent -- but she is being honored because of "her dedicated work on Irish Peace Process." "Hillary Rodham Clinton is one of the unsung heroes of the success of the Irish peace process," said Irish America co-founder Niall O'Dowd. In 1998, Clinton put together the Vital Voices Conference of women in Belfast, a body that pressed for a piece agreement. The former secretary of state cited her experiences in Ireland during a number of speeches in 2014. O'Dowd is a longtime Clinton supporter, though,and was a member of her 2008 campaign finance team. Some Republicans have questioned how active Clinton was in the Northern Ireland peace process. The Washington Post Fact Checker wrote in 2008 that Clinton "seems to be overstating her significance as a catalyst in the Northern Ireland peace process, which was more symbolic than substantive," but that she did play "a helpful role at the margins." On March 19, Clinton will headline her only confirmed paid speech of the month when she heads to Atlantic City for the American Camp Association, NY & NJ Conference. Susie Lupert, the group's executive director, tells CNN, "Yes, just like most nonprofits and conferences, she is being paid for her appearance." But she would not confirm how much she is being paid. On average, Clinton makes between $200,000 and $300,000 per speech. Near the end of the month, on March 23 in Washington, D.C., Clinton will be the keynote speaker at the award celebration for the Toner Prize for Excellence in Political Reporting from Syracuse University. Robin Toner, who graduated from Syracuse, was the first woman national political correspondent for the New York Times. Syracuse Dean Lorraine Branham said Clinton is a "vivid example — like Robin — of a pioneering woman at the top of her profession." Clinton headlining an event honoring political journalists is somewhat unique because for decades she has held a dim view of the profession. In a 1996, according to the diary of the late Clinton confidant Diane Blair, Clinton said the media are "complete hypocrites." At an event in 2014, Clinton said "journalism has changed quite a bit in a way that is not good for the country and not good for journalism." "A lot of serious news reporting has become more entertainment driven and more opinion-driven as opposed to factual," she said. "People book onto the shows, political figures, commentators who will be controversial who will be provocative because it's a good show. You might not learn anything but you might be entertained and I think that's just become an unfortunate pattern that I wish could be broken." Clinton's presidential campaign has become a forgone conclusion and Democrats close to Clinton expect she will announce some official move towards the presidency in April. | Clinton currently has seven events in March, with one paid speech and many focused on women . This comes after Clinton gave only three speeches in January and February . Clinton is expected to announce some official move towards the presidency in April, according to Democrats close to her . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A lovesick American teenager almost died after getting drunk and nearly drowning in a river when he was dumped by a young Chinese woman he flew 7000 miles to visit. The 18-year-old, who was only named by his surname Pratt in Chinese media, had travelled from his home state of Ohio across to Jiangshan, a city in Zhejiang province in China, after becoming infatuated with a young woman he had met online. But after getting the cold shoulder from his online ladylove when he turned up, he started drinking and was found suffering from hypothermia and unconscious on the staircase leading down into the Xu River. Scroll down for video . A lovesick American teenager (pictured) almost died after getting drunk and nearly drowning in a river when he was dumped by a young Chinese woman he flew 7000 miles to visit . The teen had met the girl online and promised that he would visit her. After getting the cold shoulder when he turned up, Pratt drank himself unconscious and was found on steps leading down into the Xu River . A spokesman from the Cheng Bei Police Station quoted on Qianjiang TV said: 'He was unconscious and lying in a pool of his own vomit. It looks as if he might have fallen in the water at some stage as his clothes and shoes were soaked. To be honest he was so inebriated, he could easily have drowned. It was only a short distance to the water.' Pratt was taken to a local hospital and after regaining consciousness discovered that he had also managed to lose all of his money meaning he could no longer pay for his hotel room. However after hearing about his hard luck story, the hotel manager decided to let the teenager have the room for free. He admitted to police that he did not know the girl's real name, only her online pseudonym which was Xiaoqian, and he also admitted he had only started talking to her this year. Because she had perfect English and great photographs, he had fallen head over heels in love and had promised to come and visit her. Homeward bound: The American teenager, known only as Pratt, survived his brush with death and is now returning to the United States according to the Chinese . Pratt is pictured here in hospital recovering from his ordeal . Police said it appears the young woman may not have taken him seriously until he suddenly turned up in Xiamen, in Fujian Province, and then went to Jiangshan to meet the girl. Detectives confirmed from his mobile phone that he did try to ring her several times, after which he was told to leave her alone – and his number was blocked. Depressed about the rejection, Pratt had started drinking and was last seen cursing and staggering near Xu River, where he was found passed out later that night. Police tracked the young woman down, but she again refused to meet him despite hearing about the fact that he had almost died. A police spokesman said: 'We followed his progress until he left the country, and he is already on the plane back to the United States.' When contacted, Pratt denied that he had travelled to China because he was in love with a girl or that he was stood up by her. | Lovesick US teen travelled from Ohio to Jiangshan, China, to meet the girl . Chinese media only published the 18-year-old's surname - Pratt . After she rejected him he went on a drinking binge but nearly drowned . He was taken to hospital after being found unconscious near Xu River . |
From the passage provided, extract the length of cricket pitch | Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played on a cricket field (see image, right) between two teams of eleven players each. The field is usually circular or oval in shape and the edge of the playing area is marked by a boundary, which may be a fence, part of the stands, a rope, a painted line or a combination of these; the boundary must if possible be marked along its entire length.
In the approximate centre of the field is a rectangular pitch (see image, below) on which a wooden target called a wicket is sited at each end; the wickets are placed 22 yards (20 m) apart. The pitch is a flat surface 10 feet (3.0 m) wide, with very short grass that tends to be worn away as the game progresses (cricket can also be played on artificial surfaces, notably matting). Each wicket is made of three wooden stumps topped by two bails | Length of cricket pitch is 22 yards |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This is the horrific moment a woman was pinned to the ground while writhing in pain as priests performed an exorcism. The 22-year-old woman, identified only by her first name Laura, was held down in a church in Buenos Aires, Argentina as Bishop Manuel Acuna, 52, ordered a demon to leave her body. As she screamed 'no, no' and shouted abuse at one of the women holding her down, Bishop Acuna was heard muttering: 'Leave, leave her now.' Pictures have emerged of a woman being pinned to the ground while writhing in pain as priests performed an exorcism . The 22-year-old woman (pictured), identified only by her first name Laura, was held down in a church in Buenos Aires, Argentina . Bishop Manuel Acuna (pictured), 52, stood over Laura and ordered a demon to leave her body . Before the exorcism, locals gathered at the Lutheran Charismatic Church praying for her soul and redemption. Bishop Acuna told them: 'The demon exists. He's not an idea, he's not a theory, he's not something abstract. 'The devil is a personality and therefore has a strategy. We are talking about something terrifying, a fallen angel. The devil is not a metaphor. 'The devil is something real that Jesus Christ faced. The devil looks for the perdition of the human being and for this he will use any possible evil instrument.' Laura (pictured) screamed 'No, No' and shouted 'Whore' at one of the women holding her down . Intervention: Bishop Acuna was heard muttering 'leave, leave her now' as the woman was being pinned down . Locals said they could hear Laura 'screaming and crying' from inside a chamber at the church in Buenos Aires . Laura was then led into a chamber where church helpers held her to the ground. Local man Augustus Amador Arevalo, 32, who had gone to pray for her said: 'We could hear her screaming and crying and we prayed for her deliverance. 'She was a good girl but turned bad when the devil possessed her. She had to be exorcised, she had to be free.' The exorcism came to an end when she suddenly gave a strangled cry and closed her eyes, falling backwards exhausted. The exorcism reportedly took place at the Lutheran Charismatic Church in Buenos Aires, Argentina . Bishop Manuel Acuna (pictured) said Laura had encountered 'a group of demons similar to the ones that Jesus faced' The exorcism came to an end when she suddenly gave a strangled cry and closed her eyes, falling backwards exhausted . She could be seen wiping away tears as the priest once again made the sign of the cross over her body. Bishop Acuna said: 'Thank God, we've recovered a daughter of God. You haven't seen a major exorcism. 'This was a group of demons similar to the ones that Jesus faced. Her delivery is God's gift for us today.' | Woman was held down while bishop carried out the exorcism in Argentina . 22-year-old heard screaming 'No, No' while writhing in pain on the ground . Locals 'prayed for her soul' at Lutheran Charismatic Church, Buenos Aires . She was then led into a chamber where church helpers pinned her down . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Thirty years ago, a journey across Europe meant a passport full of stamps, a wallet full of different currencies and plenty of time spent waiting in line to be glared at by border officials. That all began to change in June 1985, when the continent's countries began signing up to the Schengen agreement -- a deal that lifted frontier controls between cooperating neighbors. Today, 20 years after it came into force, with more than 26 states now participating, Schengen has completely altered the experience of traversing Europe. Nowhere is this more visible than at the old crossing points -- places that were once hives of activity but are now ghostly, vacated shells of their former selves. Not entirely forgotten though. Spanish photographer Ignacio Evangelista spent several years criss-crossing the continent to capture these abandoned checkpoints on camera for a project he calls "After Schengen." The result is a fascinating gallery of images that charts the unusual architecture of places whose fate has been intertwined with Europe's ever-evolving political and economic allegiances. "I don't know why but from many years ago, I feel very attracted to situations or places where the natural and the artificial come together, sometimes a little bit in conflict," Evangelista tells CNN, explaining his interest in frontiers. He says he spent his formative years poring over the World Atlas, marveling at the straight-line borders carved by colonialists across the map of Africa and wondering why Europeans couldn't iron the kinks out of their own squiggled frontiers. "When you are a young child in front of a map you feel ... you have the whole world in front of you and you can travel with your mind of course, with your imagination," he says. As a young adult in the early 1990s, Evangelista experienced many of these borders firsthand when he embarked on an Interailing trip -- a country-hopping rite of passage that sees many young Europeans take advantage of cheap pan-continental train tickets. "Before, when I was young, if you traveled from Spain to Germany you had to cross three countries and take three currencies," he recalls. "Once I was traveling with my friend, Interailing ... from Italy to Greece, we had to cross the old Yugoslavia. "I think into the night, 2 or 3 a.m., we cross the border from Italy into Yugoslavia and the train stopped. We were sleeping, of course. Then three or four soldiers come into the train and shouted at everybody, very aggressively, like in a spy movie. "We waited half an hour, then half an hour later the train went on. It was exciting, even funny as I was 18 years old, but now it's not so funny." As Evangelista points out, in a Europe cleaved by the Cold War, many borders were not just the cultural dividing lines they are today. Back then they were fortifications demarcating places of oppression and freedom. The checkpoints themselves were sometimes places of fear, of hostile bureaucracy -- a past Evangelista says lingers on in the buildings left behind. "For me it's fascinating because you can see the passage of the time, the human footprint. "These places had a very strong coercive role, people had to stop the car and the policeman had to ask you who you are, you showed your passport, maybe you had to open your bags. The police had the power to not let you go on. "It's interesting to me, looking at these places now they are a little bit spooky, because at most of them you can feel this ghostly atmosphere." The frontier buildings range in size and style, from giant Soviet declarations of authority that loom over major highways to tiny huts in deep, dark forests. Europe's richer countries tend to maintain old posts, while less wealthier states seem content to let them deteriorate, Evangelista says. Some, he says, are gone completely, marked only on maps and located using GPS trackers or by talking to locals. A strong supporter for an open Europe at a time when some of the continent's nations are talking about severing the close economic and political bonds they share with their neighbors, Evangelista recalls one encounter that underscored the human side to his project. While setting up his camera at a checkpoint on the Austria-Hungary frontier, he watched as a man drove in from the Austrian side and parked, followed by a woman, two minutes later, from the Hungarian side. "They began to speak and they were kissing very much. After 10 minutes they went back their separate ways, and I thought, before the Schengen agreement, this couple had no future." Follow Evangelista's ongoing project at www.ignacioevangelista.com . | Spanish photographer Ignacio Evangelista's "After Schengen" project captures images of abandoned European checkpoints . Schengen agreement came into force 20 years ago, lifting border controls between participating European nations . Border checkpoints range from giant Soviet statements to small huts in deep, dark forests . |
Who did John Evelyn support during the English Civil War? | Sir John Evelyn (1591–1664) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1628 and 1660. He reluctantly supported the Parliamentary side in the English Civil War.
Evelyn was the son of Sir John Evelyn of Kingston, Godstone, Surrey and Marden, MP and his wife Elizabeth Stever, daughter of William Stever of Kingston upon Thames. He was baptised at Kingston upon Thames on 20 October 1591. He was admitted at Emmanuel College, Cambridge on 13 March 1606. He was a member of the Virginia Company in 1612 and of the East India Company in 1624. He was a JP for Surrey from 1624. | the Parliamentary side |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Open Championship venue Royal St George's has voted to allow women members for the first time in its history. A statement from the club read: 'The Royal St George's Golf Club is pleased to announce that, following an extraordinary general meeting held on 14th February 2015 and a subsequent ballot of the full members of the club, a resolution to alter the club's rules to make ladies eligible for membership has been duly passed. 'Under the club's rules, the resolution would only be passed if it obtained the support of three-quarters of the votes cast on the ballot. More than 81 per cent of the full members took part in the ballot and a decisive 90 per cent voted in favour of ladies being eligible for membership. Darren Clarke won The Open the last time it was held at Royal St George's in 2011 . 'The alteration of the club's rules has immediate effect and the club looks forward to welcoming ladies as junior and full members.' Royal St George's had been one of three clubs on the Open rota with a male-only membership policy. The club last hosted the Open in 2011 when it was won by Europe's Ryder Cup captain Darren Clarke. Muirfield and Royal Troon are the other two courses to have male-only membership policies. Muirfield, which is owned and run by The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, is reviewing its membership criteria with a report due to be completed this month, while Troon announced in January its intention to undertake a 'comprehensive review' of its membership policy. Rickie Fowler hits a shot in the 2011 Open Championship amid a familiar St George's backdrop . St George's boasts a 60-foot bunker, the deepest in Britain, as a unique feature of the course . Troon has always considered itself a special case in this respect as it shares facilities with the Ladies Golf Club, Troon. And the club also confirmed in January it will share the responsibility of hosting The Open in 2016 with the Ladies' Club, with the formation of a joint Championship Committee. Royal Troon Captain, Bob Martin said: 'Royal Troon Golf Club has hosted The Open on eight occasions since 1923 and in 2016 we will share this responsibility with The Ladies' Golf Club, Troon as joint hosts of the 145th Open Championship. 'The clubs enjoy a close working relationship and we look forward to hosting a successful Open here in 2016.' The Royal & Ancient Golf Club at St Andrews ended its 260-year-old male-only membership rule in September . In a statement, Troon said it will 'undertake a comprehensive review to consider the most appropriate membership policy for the future', adding: 'The recommendations from this review will be presented to the membership for their consideration.' Scrutiny of the clubs intensified after the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews voted to end its 260-year-old male-only membership policy in September. A spokesperson for the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers later confirmed that the consultation over allowing women members at Muirfield is currently ongoing, with the findings due to be reviewed this spring. | Royal St George's is latest Open venue to allow women members . Golf club in Sandwich, Kent, reveals 90 per cent voted in favour . The R&A ended its 260-year male-only membership in September . Scrutiny has also fallen on male-only policy at Muirfield and Troon . |
Was the Pixie Lott song "Mama Do" ever the #1 single? | "Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh)" debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, selling 58,840 downloads in its first week. Lott described her reaction upon learning the song reached number one: "I was in bed at my mum and dad's, where I still live, in Brentwood, Essex. I was on the laptop, and I got a phone call from my A&R man. He really dragged it out. I said, 'Please put me out of my misery.' And he said, 'I'm really, really sorry but... you're No 1!' I spent the rest of the day running around the house, screaming."
The single was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 28 August 2009 for sales in excess of 200,000 copies. Exactly 11 years later, on 28 August 2020, the certification was upgraded to gold for sales and streams of over 400,000. As a result of the single's popularity at the time, the single's iTunes B-side, "Use Somebody", debuted and peaked, during the single's release week, on the UK Singles Chart at number 52 on sales of 4,409 downloads.
The single also had considerable success outside the UK, reaching the top 10 in Denmark and France, and the top 20 in Ireland, Netherlands and New Zealand. | "Mama Do" debuted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart in its first week and also was successful outside the UK, appearing in the Top 10 in Denmark and France and the Top 20 in Ireland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. The British Phonographic Industry certified it as Silver the same year it was released and upgraded the certification to Gold eleven years later. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsenal boss Arsene Wenger is under no illusions about the potential repercussions of Monday night’s visit to Old Trafford. Any clash against Manchester United, particularly in the Wenger era, carries added value for the Gunners. The fact that it is an FA Cup quarter-final with a place at Wembley at stake merely adds to the occasion. And for Wenger it’s a chance to land what could be a crucial psychological blow on Louis van Gaal’s side ahead of the tense season finale. Theo Walcott holds off Nacho Monreal as Arsenal trained on Sunday at their London Colney training ground . Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain lets fly with a shot, as Arsene Wenger promised his team would attack United . The Gunners squad are put through their paces as they look to reach Wembley for the third time in two years . Arsene Wenger is confident his team can beat Manchester United by playing attacking football . The FA Cup isn’t the only competition in which these two giants are going toe to toe. They are also battling for a Champions League position, a race which is perhaps more pertinent to both clubs’ long-term ambitions. There are no points at stake tonight but Wenger said: ‘It’s a big game, and every big win in a big game has an impact subconsciously in the belief of the team.’ However, the reverse is also true. Losing against United could plant a seed of doubt in Arsenal’s quest to finish in the top four — and their poor recent record at Old Trafford doesn’t bode well. United have won nine out of their last 10 home games against the Gunners. We shouldn’t forget, though, that Wenger also has pleasant memories of the Theatre of Dreams. He lists Sylvain Wiltord’s goal that clinched the title for Arsenal at Old Trafford in 2002 as his favourite. And the Frenchman insists his current crop of players can produce another win in United’s back yard on Monday night. Arsenal's World Cup winning playmaker Mesut Ozil has been in top form since returning from injury . Chilean forward Alexis Sanchez, who scored a brilliant goal in midweek against QPR, looks lively in training . Per Mertesacker, whose place was in doubt before an injury to Gabriel, gestures to his team-mates . ‘I don’t believe our recent record at Old Trafford (to be a factor). When the team is less good, they lose. When the team is not as good, they lose,’ said Wenger. ‘It doesn’t matter what shirt they wear, or what stadium they play in. It is down to quality. ‘If I’ve learnt something in my life it’s that the performance on the day decides the outcome of the day, not where you play. ‘The fact that we can win away from home, that is important. If you haven’t won away from home all season it’s more difficult. But we know we can do well away from home.’ Tomas Rosicky attempts to control the ball as Walcott, Mertesacker and Ramsey watch on . Indeed, their victory over Manchester City at the Etihad Stadium earlier this season proved they can produce big away performances against England’s elite, and Wenger insists last season’s FA Cup triumph has bolstered belief that his side can become English football’s top dogs once more. ‘Yes, of course we want to dominate again,’ said Wenger. ‘I think today you have more competitors and it will get worse with the seasons coming because you get more money in. That means even the smaller teams will be capable to buy the best players in Europe. Sylvain Wiltord’s goal at Old Trafford in 2002 that clinched the league title for the Gunners at Old Trafford . ‘Maybe the competition will become harder for everybody. Winning the FA Cup gave us energy because we had a few years without winning a trophy and so on that front it was vital. ‘This team has a good mentality because we had a slow start this season and every time we lost a big game you see how much the players are touched. ‘I think the mentality is very healthy, they want to do well and we will be focused on Manchester United. ‘Once you get to the quarter- final you think that’s a good opportunity to win a trophy. You want to do it, but it’s at that stage where it’s conflicting always with the Champions League.’ | Arsenal face Manchester United in the FA Cup sixth-round on Monday . Arsenal and United are also competing for a Champions League place . United have won nine out of their last 10 home games against the Gunners . Arsene Wenger lists Sylvain Wiltord’s goal at Old Trafford in 2002 that clinched the league title for the Gunners as his favourite . |
How was the universe created? | The Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. Various cosmological models of the Big Bang explain the evolution of the observable universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale form. These models offer a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, and large-scale structure. The overall uniformity of the Universe, known as the flatness problem, is explained through cosmic inflation: a sudden and very rapid expansion of space during the earliest moments. However, physics currently lacks a widely accepted theory of quantum gravity that can successfully model the earliest conditions of the Big Bang. | We can't know for sure but a popular theory called the Big Bang suggests that the universe was created from an infinitesimally small point of infinite energy some four and a half billion years ago. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jose Mourinho insists Arsenal can mount a late charge to win the Barclays Premier League title, however statistics from the last 10 years show Chelsea tend to finish the season off in fine form. Premier League leaders Chelsea have dropped an average of just 8.6 points per season during the last 10 years. If the Blues replicate the form they have shown in their last 10 games during previous seasons then Manchester City will not be able to retain the league title even if they claim nine consecutive wins. Chelsea look set to win the 2014-15 Premier League title as the Blues tend to finish the season off in fine form . Chelsea dropped two points against Southampton at the weekend but are still odds-on favourites to win the title . Jose Mourinho insists Arsenal have joined Chelsea and Manchester City in the Premier League title race . 2013-14: 11 points dropped . 12-13: 7 . 11-12: 15 . 10-11: 10 . 09-10: 5 . 08-09: 6 . 07-08: 10 . 06-07: 11 . 05-06: 6 . Average: 8.6 points dropped . Chelsea are seven points clear of Manchester City with a game in hand of both their title rivals . Arsenal are even further behind as they are currently seven points behind Premier League leaders Chelsea, having played a game less than the Gunners. However Mourinho said after his side's 1-1 draw with Southampton: ‘Of course Arsenal are in it. They are seven points behind Chelsea, but have one less match to play than Chelsea. ‘Both City and Arsenal are in the title race. It depends on the momentum for Arsenal - the 3-1 defeat against Monaco or the 3-0 defeat against West Ham? ‘So the danger is always there. But I keep saying, we are there. If someone had told me in August that, at the end of March, we'd be six points in front with a match in hand, I'd have signed for that immediately.' Chelsea would finish the season off with over 85 points (85.4 to be exact) if history is to repeat itself - based on the average number of points they have dropped in their last 10 games of the season. The maximum amount of points Manchester City can ascertain is 85 and that would mean Manuel Pellegrini's side defeating the likes of Manchester United, Tottenham and Southampton. Arsenal, on the other hand, will be on 84 points if they win their remaining nine fixtures of the campaign. So it appears Mourinho's statement on Arsenal's title credentials may have just been a ploy to ease the pressure on his players following their draw against Southampton. Premier League champions Manchester City slipped up against Burnley at the weekend . CHELSEA . Hull (away) - March 22 . Stoke (home) - April 4 . QPR (away) - April 12 . Man United (home) - April 18 . Arsenal (away) - April 26 . Leicester (away) - April 29 . Crystal Palace (home) - May 2 . Liverpool (home) - May 9 . West Brom (away) - May 16 . Sunderland (home) - May 24 . MANCHESTER CITY . West Brom (home) - March 21 . Crystal Palace (away) - April 6 . Man United (away) - April 12 . West Ham (home) April 19 . Aston Villa (home) - April 25 . Tottenham (away) - May 2 . QPR (home) - May 9 . Swansea (away) - May 16 . Southampton (home) - May 24 . ARSENAL . Newcastle (away) - March 21 . Liverpool (home) - April 4 . Burnley (away) - April 11 . Sunderland (home) April 18 postponed . Chelsea (home) - April 26 . Hull (away) - May 2 . Swansea (home) - May 9 . Man United (away) - May 16 . West Brom (home) - May 24 . Note: Fixtures in May subject to change for television schedule. For a full list of Premier League fixtures and to check kick-off times, results and league tables, visit our brilliant MATCH ZONE by clicking HERE. Games marked 'postponed' will be rearranged due to FA Cup . | Jose Mourinho believes Manchester City and Arsenal can still win title . However history shows Chelsea have an incredible record in last 10 games . Chelsea are on course to finish the season with over 85 points . Man City can only reach 85 points if they win their remaining nine games . READ: Mourinho admits Arsenal are a title threat after Southampton draw . CLICK HERE for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester City boss Manuel Pellegrini would consider a move to Napoli, according to the Chilean's agent. Pellegrini is coming under increasing pressure with his side five points behind Chelsea, who have a game in hand, in the Premier League. City also face a tough task to progress to the Champions League quarter-finals after losing 2-1 to Barcelona at home in the first leg. Manuel Pellegrini looks on during Manchester City's match against Leicester City last week . Napoli coach Rafa Benitez is pictured after his side's 2-2 Serie A draw with Inter Milan on Sunday . And Pellegrini's agent has revealed that Napoli would be considered if they came calling, with current manager Rafa Benitez out of contract this summer. Jesus Martinez told Radio Crc: 'Manuel has another year on his contract, and he intends to respect it. I don't know, however, what the leadership's intentions are. 'Pellegrini has Italian roots, he's also been on holiday in Naples. He's a lover of language and culture. He greatly appreciates Italy and Neapolitan culture. Luis Suarez celebrates after scoring for Barcelona against City in the Champions League last month . An aerial view of the Italian city of Naples, home to Napoli football club . 'You never know in football. Could he replace Benitez? Pellegrini does not allow me to talk about him in relation to a position at a club which already has a coach under contract. 'We have to wait a few more months, then if [Napoli President Aurelio] De Laurentiis calls, we'll discuss it.' | Manuel Pellegrini is coming under increasing pressure at Manchester City . The club are currently five points behind Chelsea in the Premier League . Pellegrini's agent says that a move to Napoli would be considered . |
Given the paragraph summarizing the life of Arnold Boate, list the countries in which he lived. | Arnold Boate, originally called de Boot (1606–1653) was a Dutch physician, writer and Hebraist who spent much of his life abroad, and lived for several years in Dublin. There he married Margaret Dongan, a judge's daughter, whom he portrayed lovingly in his book The Character of a Truly Virtuous and Pious Woman. He was the brother of Gerard Boate, author of The Natural History of Ireland, for which Arnold supplied much of the material. Both Gerard and Arnold were members of the Hartlib circle. | Arnold Boate was born in the Netherlands and spent much of his life abroad, most notably in Ireland. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Andy Murray's hopes of playing July's Davis Cup quarter final at Queen's Club look likely to be fulfilled after positive noises emanated today from the famous west London venue. While there will undoubtedly be logistical challenges in hosting what is Great Britain's biggest home tie in 29 years there appears an enthusiasm among the club's hierarchy to overcome them. Given Murray's desire to play at a venue where he has won the Aegon Championships title three times already, there is likely to be a concerted effort to make it happen, including on the part of the Lawn Tennis Association. Andy Murray with the Aegon Championship trophy at the Queen's club in West London last month . 'We have been approached, along with some other venues, and are actively looking at whether or not we could host it,' said a Queen's spokesman. 'There are a number of logistical issues that would have to be resolved, but if it is possible to overcome them Queen's would be delighted to host the Davis Cup in July.' That date of July 17-19 comes nearly four weeks after the conclusion of the Aegon Championships, which is the main Wimbledon warm-up. Among the issues is keeping up the huge main stand which takes the centre court capacity to nearly 7,000, above the 6,000 threshold required for a quarter final. Other challenges include a scheduled refurbishment of the clubhouse due to begin in early July, and making sure the grass court – the quality of which is reckoned to be at least Wimbledon's equal – can recover in time from the summer ATP event. Murray celebrates beating USA in the Davis Cup to set up a quarter-final against France for Great Britain . The British No 1 won the pre-Wimbledon tournament at Queen's in 2013 (left), 2011 (centre) and 2009 (right) Great Britain vs France . Australia vs Kazakhstan . Argentina vs Serbia . Canada vs Belgium . It will also require considerable commitment and patience from members, with the construction of the main stand already beginning in early May and the prospect of it being up on the site of two hard courts for nearly three months. It had been thought the disruption might be too prolonged, although today's statement appears to knock that down. At the weekend Murray, due to play Germany's Philipp Kohlschreiber in Indian Wells on Monday night, pointed not only to his own good record at Queen's but also the fact that his brother Jamie has made the doubles final there and James Ward the semi-finals. However, it is also a place where French players have done well, notably Jo Wilfried Tsonga, who is an enormously popular regular visitor. The Scot is in action at the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, facing Philipp Kohlschreiber on Monday night . Eastbourne, Birmingham's Priory Club and Nottingham have also been approached, but Murray's opinion carries a decisive amount of weight. France were the opposition when Queen's last staged a Davis Cup tie, back in 1990. GB were beaten 5-0 then, but with Murray in his prime and France' s players by and large – bar the presently injured Tsonga – not at their best on grass, it is likely to be extremely close this time. With a three week gap between Roland Garros and Wimbledon this year, it means there will be six weeks of top-class grass court tennis played in the UK this summer. Murray poses with friend and former Aegon Championships tournament director Ross Hutchins at Queen's . Murray on the centre court at the Queen's Club, where he has won the Aegon Championships three times . | Great Britain host France in the Davis Cup quarter-finals on July 17-19 . Andy Murray has voiced his preferred venue would be the Queen's Club . The Scot has won the Aegon Championships, held at Queen's, three times . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | John Terry has admitted he is fighting for his family’s financial future as he waits for Chelsea to activate a one-year contract extension. Terry, 34, scored Chelsea’s opening goal in the 2-0 victory over Tottenham in the Capital One Cup final on Sunday and was later named man of the match. The Chelsea captain posted pictures of his eight-year-old twins, Georgie John and Summer Rose, asleep in bed with the cup between them. His son was also wearing his dad’s winner’s medal. John Terry scored the opening goal as Chelsea beat Spurs 2-0 to win the Capital One Cup . Terry’s children, Summer Rose and Georgie John, pictured asleep with the Capital One Cup . ‘I am fighting for my future, for my family’s future and I want to give it everything,’ said Terry. ‘I don’t know how long I have left. Hopefully I have a few years left but if this is my last year then I hope I will go out on a bang.’ Terry also revealed he will retire at the top and will not play at a lower level, or for another team, when he leaves Stamford Bridge. Terry said: ‘The manager came in, sat me down, and made it clear that if you work hard you will get extra years and you will play, but if not there are other players who are younger who can play and will fight for their place. This is a year roll-on. I am fighting for myself and my family, and to prove people wrong. It doesn’t come much bigger than that.’ Terry says Mourinho told him he would get a new deal if he worked hard and was worth his place in the side . Terry celebrates with the Capital One Cup and the man of the match award . Terry runs off in celebration after scoring the opening goal against Spurs at Wembley . Terry has ruled out a return to the England squad despite his good performances for Chelsea . Chelsea have already indicated they will address his £150,000-a-week contract before the end of the season and Jose Mourinho has admitted it is a ‘formality’. Terry added: ‘I also think there’s a right time to go as well. I would say at the start of my career, as a player you look at it and you want to get to 35... I have my little target to play next year but beyond that, two or three years.’ The defender also ruled out a return to the England team despite calls for him to come out of international retirement. ‘No (I won’t return),’ he said. ‘It’s the simple answer. I don’t want to go into it right now... but it’s never crossed my mind. I have drawn a line under it and the England squad can move on now.’ | John Terry says he needs a new contract to secure his family's financial future . Terry scored the opening goal in the Capital One Cup final . Terry has ruled out a return to the England squad . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The national headquarters of Sigma Alpha Epsilon have launched an investigation into the fraternity's chapter at Louisiana Tech University after two former members came forward to say they heard the racist 'there will never be a n***** SAE' chant sung there, as well. The Louisiana Tech chapter is the third SAE house accused of using the horrifying song that was sung by members of the fraternity at the University of Oklahoma over the weekend. On Wednesday, the president of the University of Texas said he had ordered an investigation into claims brothers at SAE in Austin had used the tune. The fraternity headquarters is investigating in Texas, as well. The vile song 'there will never be a n***** SAE' was sung at the fraternity's chapter at Louisiana Tech University in 2010 and 2011, a former pledge and a former member claim . SAE is also investigating reports that the song was used at the SAE chapter at the University of Texas-Austin . According to BuzzFeed, one former members of the fraternity and one former pledge both said they had witnessed the racist chant in 2010. The former SAE member, who remained anonymous, said he had heard it at least a dozen times in 2010 and 2011. 'The chant was never taught to us during our official pledge education. It was taught in private,' the former SAE said. He added that the university didn't make up the song, claiming it had been 'going around' the fraternity for years. Louisiana Tech administrators told BuzzFeed on Thursday that they had met with leaders of SAE there and warned them that they had 'zero tolerance' for racist behavior. The shocking racist song has been circulating the SAE fraternity at OU for at least three years, trustees said . Dylan Merriman, who was an SAE pledge, told BuzzFeed he was at a party at the fraternity when a drunken brother chanted 'there will never be a n***** SAE.' Merriman said the member then pointed at a picture of his SAE brother and exclaimed, 'There was never a n-word in this chapter and there never will be.' Merriman said he left the fraternity not long after the incident. SAE spokesman Brandon Weghorst confirmed Thursday investigations into chapters at the University of Texas-Austin and Louisiana Tech University in Ruston. Weghorst says none of the allegations have been substantiated, and the UT chapter is being 'fully cooperative.' He says the Louisiana Tech probe is still in its early stages. Late Wednesday, the board of trustees and alumni of the University of Oklahoma's SAE chapter acknowledged in a statement the chant surfaced at the chapter 'three to four years ago.' OU President David Boren said the university is investigating fraternity members to determine their 'level of responsibility.' | Former member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon at Louisiana Tech University said he heard the racist song a dozen times in 2010 and 2011 . SAE headquarters investigating reports of song at Louisiana Tech and at the University of Texas-Austin . Song was 'taught in private' and didn't originate at Louisiana Tech, either, former pledge claims . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England's opponents in next week's friendly, Italy, have the best defence in Europe and the statistics prove it. Having shipped four goals in 14 games, Italy, who face Bulgaria in a Euro 2016 qualifier on Saturday before hosting Roy Hodgson's side on Tuesday, have the meanest rearguard in Europe in terms of goals conceded in this qualifying competition and its predecessor. With next best England having let in six goals in 12 games, Azzurri defender Leonardo Bonucci said on Thursday that is clear that when it comes to shutting out the opposition, Italy are the best in the business. Leonardo Bonucci trains with the Italy squad ahead of their games against Bulgaria and England . Bonucci says his Italian defence, with Gianluigi Buffon and Giorgio Chiellini, is the best in the world . 'I believe so,' Juventus and Italy defender Bonucci told a news conference. 'I don't want to sound boastful but (Gianluigi) Buffon (Giorgio) Chiellini, (Andrea) Barzagli and myself are the best when you're talking about international competition. 'The numbers don't lie.' With Barzagli recently returning to fitness, Italy coach Antonio Conte can field the same defenders that helped him win three league titles in his previous role as Juventus manager. 'I'm very happy that Andrea (Barzagli) is back. We've been playing together forever and this helps,' Bonucci said. 'Especially, when we are a back three, I can lead them in pressuring opponents and they know that I'll be a few steps behind and help out, if they need me.' Italy visit Bulgaria on Saturday, where they have not won in five previous attempts. England managed to score once against the Italians at the World Cup, but still ended up losing in Manaus . Bonucci says having his Juventus team-mates together in international football is an advantage . Buffon and Chiellini have been two key players for Juventus and Italy for many years . 'Our attitude is to try to dictate play and put pressure on them starting in their own end but we'll have to be careful as their counterattack is dangerous,' Bonucci said. Italy are second to Croatia on goal difference in Group H on 10 points and have conceded two goals in four games. Conte, who replaced Cesare Prandelli after last year's disappointing World Cup campaign in which Italy failed to make it out of the group stage, is, according to Bonucci, meticulous in his attention to detail. Andrea Barzagli (right) returns for Italy after an injury layoff, and will offer even more stability . Antonio Conte worked with the Juventus back three, and Buffon, for several years, and is now Italy boss . The coach has his players sit through two hours of video every morning, where he goes over past games and talks about upcoming matches. 'The boss is a very charismatic person,' Bonucci said. 'He prepares each game in minute detail. 'As soon as we got here he showed us our last two matches (against Croatia and Albania) and not a day went by, when he was at Juve, in which he did not have us watching recorded games. 'I believe it's very helpful to look at what you did in the past and learn from it.' | Italy have conceded just four times in last 14 games . England are the next best in Europe, with six goals against in 12 games . Leonardo Bonucci says his side have the best back four in the world . Roy Hodgson's team travel to Italy for a friendly on Tuesday . |
What is the CGRO that detects photons? | The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was a space observatory detecting photons with energies from 20 keV to 30 GeV, in Earth orbit from 1991 to 2000. The observatory featured four main telescopes in one spacecraft, covering X-rays and gamma rays, including various specialized sub-instruments and detectors. Following 14 years of effort, the observatory was launched from Space Shuttle Atlantis during STS-37 on April 5, 1991, and operated until its deorbit on June 4, 2000. It was deployed in low Earth orbit at 450 km (280 mi) to avoid the Van Allen radiation belt. It was the heaviest astrophysical payload ever flown at that time at 17,000 kilograms (37,000 lb). | The CGRO is the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) and was a space observatory detecting photons with energies from 20 keV to 30GeV in earth from 1991 to 2000. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Rafael Nadal lifted his first trophy since last year's French Open and closed in on a long-standing ATP Tour record Sunday by claiming the Argentina Open crown. Argentina legend Guillermo Vilas leads the way with 49 wins in clay-court tournaments, but today's "King of Clay" drew nearer to the leading mark by winning his 46th title in Buenos Aires. He also claimed his 65th title from 93 tour-level finals, breaking out of a tie with legends Pete Sampras and Bjorn Borg for fifth place in the all-time list. Nadal has been hampered by injury and illness since his Roland Garros triumph last June and lost out to Fabio Fognini in the semifinals of the Rio Open last week. It was a dispiriting defeat -- his first in a clay-court semifinal for 12 years -- but, moving from Brazil to Argentina, the Spaniard was largely untroubled in reaching the final and duly swept aside home player Juan Monaco 6-4 6-1 in the Estadio Billoch Caride. Nadal was playing in the first event for the first time in 10 years and his victory is a morale-booster after going out early in Qatar and exiting the Australian Open ahead of his clay-court swing in South America. The 28-year-old from Mallorca took his career record against Monaco, who was playing his 20th career final, to 6-1 and was never seriously troubled in the title match. The only thing to delay him was multiple rain delays which had the players scurrying on and off the court. A single break of service gave him the opener but he pulled clear immediately in the second and three further breaks saw him wrap up victory in just short of an hour and a half of action. Nadal is the seventh successive Spanish winner of the ATP 250 event, and it is a boost for his preparations for his challenge for a remarkable 10th French Open title in May. | Rafael Nadal wins ATP tournament in Buenos Aires . Beats home player Juan Monaco 6-4 6-1 in final . Closes in on Guillermo Vilas' all-time record of 49 tournament titles on clay . Nadal bidding for 10th French Open crown later this year . |
Who is Silvio Micali? | Silvio Micali (born October 13, 1954) is an Italian computer scientist, professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the founder of Algorand, a proof-of-stake blockchain cryptocurrency protocol. Micali's research at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory centers on cryptography and information security.
In 2012, he received the Turing Award for his work in cryptography along with Shafi Goldwasser for their work on zero-knowledge proofs. | Silvio Micali is a cryptography professor at MIT. He received a Turing award in 2012 along with Shafi Goldwasser for their work on zero-knowledge proofs. Micali also founded Algorand, which is a a proof-of-stake blockchain cryptocurrency protocol and company. |
Extract from the text the family of Parametrodes. | Parametrodes is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. | Geometridae |
From the text given, extract the iPhone Models and the announcement dates and list them using the bullets in the format {iPhone Models} - {Announcement Date} | Jobs unveiled the first-generation iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The iPhone incorporated a 3.5-inch multi-touch display with few hardware buttons, and ran the iPhone OS operating system with a touch-friendly interface, then marketed as a version of Mac OS X. It launched on June 29, 2007, at a starting price of US$499 in the United States, and required a two-year contract with AT&T.
Worldwide iPhone availability:
iPhone available since its original release
iPhone available since the release of iPhone 3G
On July 11, 2008, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) 2008, Apple announced the iPhone 3G, and expanded its launch-day availability to twenty-two countries, and it was eventually released in 70 countries and territories. The iPhone 3G introduced faster 3G connectivity, and a lower starting price of US$199 (with a two-year AT&T contract). Its successor, the iPhone 3GS, was announced on June 8, 2009, at WWDC 2009, and introduced video recording functionality.
First iPhone on display under glass at the January 2007 Macworld show
The iPhone 4 was announced on June 7, 2010, at WWDC 2010, and introduced a redesigned body incorporating a stainless steel frame and a rear glass panel. At release, the iPhone 4 was marketed as the "world's thinnest smartphone"; it uses the Apple A4 processor, being the first iPhone to use an Apple custom-designed chip. It introduced the Retina display, having four-times the display resolution of preceding iPhones, and was the highest-resolution smartphone screen at release; a front-facing camera was also introduced, enabling video calling functionality via FaceTime.
Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way, and this issue was nicknamed "antennagate". In January 2011, as Apple's exclusivity agreement with AT&T was expiring, Verizon announced that they would be carrying the iPhone 4, with a model compatible with Verizon's CDMA network releasing on February 10.
The iPhone 4S was announced on October 4, 2011, and introduced the Siri virtual assistant, a dual-core A5 processor, and an 8 megapixel camera with 1080p video recording functionality. The iPhone 5 was announced on September 12, 2012, and introduced a larger 4-inch screen, up from the 3.5-inch screen of all previous iPhone models, as well as faster 4G LTE connectivity. It also introduced a thinner and lighter body made of aluminum alloy, and the 30-pin dock connector of previous iPhones was replaced with the new, reversible Lightning connector.
Bottom angle comparison between iPhone 5C (top), iPhone 5s (middle), and iPhone 4S (bottom).
The iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C were announced on September 10, 2013. The iPhone 5S included a 64-bit A7 processor, becoming the first ever 64-bit smartphone; it also introduced the Touch ID fingerprint authentication sensor. The iPhone 5C was a lower-cost device that incorporated hardware from the iPhone 5, into a series of colorful plastic frames.
On September 9, 2014, Apple introduced the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, and included significantly larger screens than the iPhone 5S, at 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch respectively; both models also introduced mobile payment technology via Apple Pay. Optical image stabilization was introduced to the 6 Plus' camera. The Apple Watch was also introduced on the same day, and is a smartwatch that operates in conjunction with a connected iPhone. Some users experienced bending issues from normal use with the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, particularly on the latter model, and this issue was nicknamed "bendgate".
The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were introduced on September 9, 2015, and included a more bend-resistant frame made of a stronger aluminum alloy, as well as a higher resolution 12-megapixel main camera capable of 4K video recording. The first-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 21, 2016, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 6S, in the frame of the older iPhone 5S.
The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus were announced on September 7, 2016, which introduced larger camera sensors, IP67-certified water and dust resistance, and a quad-core A10 Fusion processor utilizing big.LITTLE technology; the 3.5mm headphone jack was removed, and was followed by the introduction of the AirPods wireless earbuds. Optical image stabilization was added to the 7's camera. A second telephoto camera lens was added on the 7 Plus, enabling two-times optical zoom, and "Portrait" photography mode which simulates bokeh in photos.
The iPhone 8, 8 Plus, and iPhone X were announced on September 12, 2017, in Apple's first event held at the Steve Jobs Theater in Apple Park. All models featured rear glass panel designs akin to the iPhone 4, wireless charging, and a hexa-core A11 Bionic chip with "Neural Engine" AI accelerator hardware. The iPhone X additionally introduced a 5.8-inch OLED "Super Retina" display with a "bezel-less" design, with a higher pixel density and contrast ratio than previous iPhones with LCD displays, and introduced a stronger frame made of stainless steel. It also introduced Face ID facial recognition authentication hardware, in a "notch" screen cutout, in place of Touch ID; the home button was removed to make room for additional screen space, replacing it with a gesture-based navigation system. At its US$999 starting price, the iPhone X was the most expensive iPhone at launch.
Picture of the cameras on the iPhone 13 Pro. Newer iPhone models have been praised for their camera quality.
The iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and XS Max were announced on September 12, 2018. All models featured the "Smart HDR" computational photography system, and a significantly more powerful "Neural Engine". The XS Max introduced a larger 6.5-inch screen. The iPhone XR included a 6.1-inch LCD "Liquid Retina" display, with a "bezel-less" design similar to the iPhone X, but does not include a second telephoto lens; it was made available in a series of vibrant colors, akin to the iPhone 5C, and was a lower-cost device compared to the iPhone X and XS.
The iPhone 11, 11 Pro, and 11 Pro Max were announced on September 10, 2019. The iPhone 11 was the successor to the iPhone XR, while the iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max succeeded the iPhone XS and XS Max. All models gained an ultra-wide lens, enabling two-times optical zoom out, as well as larger batteries for longer battery life. The second-generation iPhone SE was introduced on April 17, 2020, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 11, in the frame of the older iPhone 8, while retaining the home button and the Touch ID sensor.
The iPhone 12, 12 Mini, 12 Pro, and 12 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on October 13, 2020. All models featured OLED "Super Retina XDR" displays, introduced faster 5G connectivity, and the MagSafe magnetic charging and accessory system; a slimmer flat-edged design was also introduced, which combined with stronger glass-ceramic front glass, added better drop protection compared to previous iPhones. The iPhone 12 Mini introduced a smaller 5.4-inch screen, while the 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max had larger screens of 6.1-inch and 6.7-inch respectively. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max additionally added a Lidar sensor for better accuracy in augumented reality (AR) applications.
The iPhone 13, 13 Mini, 13 Pro, and 13 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on September 14, 2021. All models featured larger camera sensors, larger batteries for longer battery life, and a narrower "notch" screen cutout. The iPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max additionally introduced smoother adaptive 120 Hz refresh rate "ProMotion" technology in its OLED display, and three-times optical zoom in the telephoto lens. The low-cost third-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 8, 2022, and incorporated the A15 Bionic chip from the iPhone 13, but otherwise retained similar hardware to the second-generation iPhone SE.
The iPhone 14, 14 Plus, 14 Pro, and 14 Pro Max were announced on September 7, 2022. All models introduced satellite phone emergency calling functionality. The iPhone 14 Plus introduced the large 6.7-inch screen size, first seen on the iPhone 12 Pro Max, into a lower-cost device. The iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max additionally introduced a higher-resolution 48-megapixel main camera, the first increase in megapixel count since the iPhone 6S; it also introduced always-on display technology to the lock screen, and an interactive status bar interface integrated in a redesigned screen cutout, entitled "Dynamic Island". | Here is a bullet list of iPhone Models and the corresponding announcement dates in the format {iPhone Models} - {Announcement Date}:
{first generation iPhone} - {January 9, 2007}
{iPhone 3G} - {July 11, 2008}
{iPhone 3GS} - {June 8, 2009}
{iPhone 4} - {June 7, 2010}
{iPhone 4s} - {October 4, 2011}
{iPhone 5} - {September 12, 2012}
{iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C} - {September 10, 2013}
{iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus} - {September 9, 2014}
{iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus} - {September 9, 2015}
{first generation iPhone SE} - {March 21, 2016}
{iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus} - {September 7, 2016}
{iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus and iPhone X} - {September 12, 2017}
{iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and iPhone XS Max} - {September 12, 2018}
{iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 11 Pro Max} - {September 10, 2019}
{second generation iPhone SE} - {April 17, 2020}
{iPhone 12, iPhone 12 Mini, iPhone 12 Pro, and iPhone 12 Pro Max} - {October 13, 2020}
{iPhone 13, iPhone 13 Mini, iPhone 13 Pro and iPhone 13 Pro Max} - {September 14, 2021}
{third generation iPhone SE} - {March 8, 2022}
{iPhone 14, iPhone 14 Plus, iPhone 14 Pro and iPhone 14 Pro Max} - {September 7, 2022} |
List of all the factions that Lincoln had to deal with, and if they were his allies or enemies. | Lincoln, a moderate Republican, had to navigate a contentious array of factions with friends and opponents from both the Democratic and Republican parties. His allies, the War Democrats and the Radical Republicans, demanded harsh treatment of the Southern Confederates. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Lincoln, and irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements plotted his assassination. | Lincoln's allies were the War Democrats and the Radical Republicans. Lincoln's enemies were the Southern Confederates, Anti-war Democrats and pro-Confederate groups |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Raheem Sterling has put contract talks on hold until the summer, Brendan Rodgers has confirmed. Liverpool have been in negotiations for several months with the 20-year-old and his agent over a deal to replace the old one which expires in 2017. And the Reds boss confirmed it will not be resolved until after this season's conclusion. Liverpool's Raheem Sterling has put his contract talks on hold until the summer, Brendan Rodgers has said . Sterling's current deal runs until 2017, and he had been in negotiations with Liverpool over an extension . 'Not between now and the end of the season,' said Rodgers. 'It has been made clear by Raheem's agent. I repeat that this is the best place for his development and it is clear.' Sterling is set to start as Liverpool face a huge clash with Manchester United at Anfield on Sunday, with a place in the top four of the Premier League at stake. 'It is an important game,' continued Rodgers. 'I don't think the result will have an overriding factor but it will certainly give you a great boost psychologically if we were to win. We want to win, we want to be competitive. ' Rodgers also confirmed that captain Steven Gerrard, who returned from injury at Swansea on Monday night, will have a big part to play between now and the end of the season, but refused to say whether he would be guaranteed a start or not. Liverpool boss Rodgers (right) believes that Anfield is the right place for Sterling to continue his development . Rodgers also backed Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard (left), saying he is committed to the team . 'It is very simple with me and Steven,' said Rodgers. 'I think it has been really unfair on the boy. 'When he was out injured, people tried to sensationalise a story about him getting in the team. It might not be the story you want but he is committed to the team. But his support to Jordan Henderson and Joe Allen has been fantastic. I see people trying to predict the team but he hasn't been fit. He is going to have a big part to play, and is a wonderful, wonderful player who has so much still to give. 'Even when he doesn't start, he comes off the bench and gives calmness to the team. Playing or not playing, Steven's professionalism is outstanding. He is fit, available and whether he starts or comes off the bench, he will be ready to make a contribution.' | Liverpool forward Raheem Sterling has put contract talks on hold . The 20-year-old's current deal is set to expire in 2017 . Brendan Rodgers side are set to face Manchester United on Sunday . Liverpool vs Manchester United: Team news, probable line ups and more . CLICK HERE for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Given a reference text about a snowball effect, tell me how it applies to aerospace engineering. | A snowball effect is a process that starts from an initial state of small significance and builds upon itself (an exacerbating feedback), becoming larger (graver, more serious), and also perhaps potentially dangerous or disastrous (a vicious circle), though it might be beneficial instead (a virtuous circle). This is a cliché in cartoons and modern theatrics, and it is also used in psychology.
The common analogy is with the rolling of a snowball down a snow-covered hillside. As it rolls the ball will pick up more snow, gaining more mass and surface area, and picking up even more snow and momentum as it rolls along.
In aerospace engineering, it is used to describe the multiplication effect in an original weight saving. A reduction in the weight of the fuselage will require less lift, meaning the wings can be smaller. Hence less thrust is required and therefore smaller engines, resulting in a greater weight saving than the original reduction. This iteration can be repeated several times, although the decrease in weight gives diminishing returns.
The startup process of a feedback electronic oscillator, when power to the circuit is switched on, is a technical application of the snowball effect. Electronic noise is amplified by the oscillator circuit and returned to its input filtered to contain primarily the selected (desired) frequency, gradually getting stronger in each cycle, until a steady-state oscillation is established, when the circuit parameters satisfy the Barkhausen stability criterion. | The snowball effect is used to describe the multiplication effect in an original weight saving in aerospace engineering. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Even Fernando Torres wasn’t relegated to the reserves. But for £250,000-per-week Radamel Falcao – perhaps the most handsomely-rewarded second-string striker in history – this was the ultimate indignity. Does he feel an injustice, angry with Louis van Gaal for such a degrading demotion? Or is there an acceptance that his powers have faded? In fact, they’ve gone out like a light. Radamal Falcao has scored just four goals since arriving at Manchester United . His latest run out was for the Under 21s as they faced Tottenham on Tuesday night . At least with fellow £50million flop Torres his decline was something of a slow burn, occasionally illuminated by a flicker of glories past. Sadly, for Falcao, there is no sign of him emerging from the darkness at Old Trafford. An unused substitute as Manchester United struggled for a goal (Falcao has scored more than 200 in his career) during their 2-1 defeat by Arsenal in Monday’s FA Cup quarter-final, the Colombian was back at the Theatre of Nightmares 24 hours later for an Under 21 fixture against Tottenham. He wasn’t there to cheer on the club’s next generation, he was lining up alongside them. United insist it was a fitness exercise. But fitness is allied to form, and Falcao certainly doesn't boast the latter right now. Falcao fluffed his lines and missed several chances during a win over QPR back in January . The striker has spent plenty of time warming the bench at Old Trafford . Louis van Gaal must decide whether to take up the option to buy Falcao at the end of his loan spell . He failed to score against Spurs, fluffed one chance and was then withdrawn – a synopsis which could well be applied to the majority of his outings since his £6m loan move from Monaco. The beauty of that arrangement – and it’s something of an ugly truth – is that United are not committed to making his stay permanent and there is zero chance of them doing so after his failure to impact, four goals from 19 appearances his sorry return. Compare that with the 70 strikes from 91 matches for Atletico Madrid and his demise is given some numerical context. Falcao drew a blank against League One Preston in the FA Cup last month . He also struggled against Cambridge from League Two in the previous round . Celebrations have been few and far between for Falcao, pictured here after scoring against Leicester . River Plate . 2005-06 - Games 11 Goals 7 . 2006-07 - Games 20 Goals 3 . 2007-08 Games 39 Goals 19 . 2008-09 Games 35 Goals 16 . Porto . 2009-10 Games 43 Goals 34 . 2010-11 Games 42 Goals 38 . 2011-12 Games 2 Goals 0 . Atletico Madrid . 2011-12 Games 50 Goals 36 . 2012-13 Games 41 Goals 34 . Monaco . 2013-14 Games 19 Goals 11 . 2014-15 Games 3 Goals 2 . Manchester United . 2014-15 Games 19 Goals 4 . It was, of course, in the colours of Atletico that Falcao smashed a devastating hat-trick past Chelsea in the European Super Cup of 2012. Every tribute in the wake of that demolition job determined that Falcao was ready-made for the Premier League – pace, power, potency, he had the lot. Even his pre-Madrid existence supported the assertion that he was the continent’s most feared goal-getter. There were 72 goals from just 87 games at Porto, winning with them a Portuguese title, cup and Europa League, a prize he defended the following season in Spain. His spells at Porto and Atletico were bookended by River Plate and Monaco, where again his ratio was as good as one-in-two. But it was that move to Monaco which proved fateful in the loss of Europe’s finest front man. With a transfer fee of £52m and salary of around £15m, there were obvious accusations – defended by Falcao – behind his motivation. However, it was the knee injury suffered in January of last year which robbed him of a place at the World Cup and, on the evidence of this season, a whole lot more than a mere ticket to Brazil. Falcao was on holiday during the World Cup as he missed out following a long injury lay-off . Falcao scored goals for fun during his days as an Atletico Madrid player . He won the Europa league with Porto in 2011 and again with Atletico the following year . Falcao is still a Monaco player having signed for Manchester United on a season-long loan . Gone are the razor-sharp reactions of body and mind. Gone is the swagger, the confidence, the belief that he is the best. Sound familiar? Over four, long years at Chelsea we witnessed the regression of Torres. In the end he left having scored just 20 league goals in 110 games. Falcao will be lucky if he leaves United with 20 league appearances, let alone goals. Torres, of course, now resides back at Atletico, his connection with the club affording him a second chance. At 29 and with his best days very much behind him, perhaps a similar fate awaits Falcao. | Radamel Falcao has scored four goals since arriving at Old Trafford . Manchester United are unlikely to take up the option to buy him . He was forced to play for the Under 21s against Spurs on Tuesday . Falcao drew a blank for the second string . His fall from the top is the most spectacular since Fernando Torres . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Southampton boss Ronald Koeman says he would jump at the chance to manage former club Barcelona after admitting his deep affinity with the Catalan giants. The Dutch coach spent six seasons playing for the La Liga club, winning four consecutive league titles and a European Cup between 1989 and 1995. Koeman, who has led Southampton to the brink of qualifying for Europe despite the club selling several of its best players last summer, also joined Barcelon'a backroom staff becoming assistant to Louis van Gaal in 1998. Ronald Koeman admits that he would be delighted to return to Barcelona as manager . The Southampton manager played for Barcelona for six years and won four league titles and a European Cup . Koeman (right) returned to club after retiring and was Louis van Gaal's (left) assistant. The pair are pictured her with Jose Mourinho (second left) and Frans Hoek in 1999 . And the former Holland international has revealed that he would love to return to Barcelona as manager. 'The entire world knows what I have with Barcelona and what Barcelona have with Ronald Koeman, so if I could become Barcelona coach one day, I would be delighted,' the Southampton boss told radio station Cadena COPE. Koeman throws his arms out during Southampton's 1-1 draw with Chelsea at Stamford Bridge on Sunday . Manchester City manager Manuel Pellegrini is under increasing pressure after slipping behind Chelsea . The 51-year-old was also asked about the possibility of replacing Manuel Pellegrini, who is under increasing pressure after falling behind Chelsea in the Premier League title race and facing elimination from the Champions League - as Manchester City manager. 'I am friends with [director of football] Txiki [Begiristain], there is contact with him and he has my telephone number,' Koeman said. | Ronald Koeman played for Barcelona for six years between 1989 and 1995 . The Dutchman won four league titles and one European Cup with Barca . Southampton boss admits he would love to manage the Catalan club . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester United boss Louis van Gaal has won a trophy in his first season at every club he's managed, except for AZ Alkmaar. United lost 2-1 against Arsenal in the FA Cup quarter-final on Monday night at Old Trafford, all but ending Van Gaal's search for silverware in his debut season in England. Van Gaal won the Uefa Cup with Ajax in his first year, the La Liga title with Barcelona and the Bundesliga and DFB Cup with Bayern Munich previously. Louis van Gaal pictured on the sidelines during Manchester United's 2-1 defeat by Arsenal on Monday night . Van Gaal has won a trophy in his first season at every club he's managed, except for AZ Alkmaar . United lost 2-1 against Arsenal as they must now concentrate on qualifying for the top four . The Dutchman's night only got worse on Monday as former United players showed what they were lacking at the Theatre of Dreams. Nani scored for Sporting Lisbon, Paul Pogba sent Juventus 11 points clear at the top of Serie A with a screamer, and it was Danny Welbeck who found the winner for Arsenal at Old Trafford. United will now concentrate on finishing in the top four of the Premier League as they fight with Arsenal, Liverpool, Tottenham Hotspur and Southampton for Champions League qualification. Van Gaal pictured during his time with AZ where he failed to get a trophy in his first season . | Manchester United lost 2-1 against Arsenal in the FA Cup quarter-final . It all but ended Louis van Gaal's search for silverware in his first season . Van Gaal has only not won a trophy at AZ Alkmaar in his first year in charge . Ian Ladyman: Manchester United are playing Hackney Marshes football . READ: Man United to go without a major trophy for two seasons . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Raheem Sterling and Liverpool remain 'miles apart' over a new contract, Sportsmail understands. The in-demand England star, 20, rejected what Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers called an 'incredible' offer, reportedly worth £100,000 week at Anfield. And Rodgers admitted earlier this month that no agreement would be reached before the end of the season. The in-demand Raheem Sterling and Liverpool remain 'miles apart' over a new deal, Sportsmail understands . Liverpool forward Sterling pictured training with England this week ahead of their international fixtures . Now, a source close to the negotiations revealed that the club and the player's representative remain 'miles apart' as they seek to agree a new, long-term deal. Sterling, who is expected to play for the Three Lions in their Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania at Wembley on Friday night, currently has a contract which runs until 2017. But that is thought to be worth a relatively modest £35,000-a-week - way short of what some of the Premier League's top earners pick up. Rodgers remains confident that the issue will be resolved and that Sterling, plucked from QPR's academy in 2010, will stay at Liverpool. However, the pacy, Jamaica-born forward has a number of suitors at home and abroad with the likes of Real Madrid and Bayern Munich monitoring the situation. The 20-year-old rejected what Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers called an 'incredible' offer previously . Sterling sees Manchester United goalkeeper David de Gea save his effort during their match at Anfield . Rodgers admitted earlier this month that no agreement would be reached before the end of the season . A fee of £50m has been mentioned and Manchester City are also thought to be keen as they look to inject youth into an ageing squad but are wary of being used as a bargaining chip. The source added: 'There is a lot of talk of how staying at Liverpool would be best for Raheem's development, but the kid is a full international who plays for his club in the Premier League every week. It's only right that he explores his options.' Sterling, who has been struggling with a toe injury, is expected to miss England's friendly in Italy on Tuesday after being granted leave following the Lithuania match by Roy Hodgson. | Sportsmail understands the two parties are 'miles apart' from a new deal . Raheem Sterling rejected a new contract reportedly worth £100,000 a week . Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers deemed it an 'incredible' offer . Rodgers has said no agreement would be reached before the season ends . Sterling's current contract runs until 2017 and is worth £35,000 a week . A fee of £50m has been mentioned for Real Madrid and Bayern Munich . John Barnes: Sterling must be patient and learn his trade at Liverpool . CLICK HERE for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Michael Schumacher's 15-year-old son has crashed while test driving a Formula 4 car at 100mph in east Germany. Mick Schumacher was racing through the Lausitzring speedway in Brandenburg, eastern Germany, when he skidded out of control and onto the gravel, it was reported. The young protege began karting seven years ago, and this year reached the German Formula 4 - the racing category used as a stepping stone by junior drivers. Michael Schumacher's 15-year-old son crashed while testing a Formula 4 car on a race track in east Germany . Mick Schumacher finished second in the world, European and German kart championships last season . However, German newspaper Die Welt reported that the crash was minor and Mick walked away from the accident uninjured. His father, who is still recovering from a December 2013 ski accident at his home in Switzerland, has won a record seven Formula 1 world titles and 91 races. Mick signed a contract with Van Amersfoort Racing to drive in the Formula 4 earlier this month. At the time, the Dutch team's owner Frits van Amersfoort said: 'We have watched his skills in test driving and are looking forward to a successful season.' Mick finished second in the world, European and German kart championships last season. His father emerged from his induced coma in June last year, and left hospital in September. Michael Schumacher (pictured in 2000) is still recovering from a ski accident that left him with head injuries . He has since started to recognise family members, according to someone claiming to be a family friend. Philippe Streiff, a former Formula 1 driver, told French media Schumacher 'has yet to recover the power of speech' but is 'nevertheless starting to recognise those close to him'. However, Schumacher's manager has disputed the comments, saying the 46-year-old faces a 'long fight' for recovery and that Streiff is not a family friend. 'We need a long time,' Sabine Kehm said. 'He is making progress appropriate to the severity of the situation. | Mick Schumacher crashed while testing a car on a race track in Germany . He skidded out of control and onto the gravel at a speed of 100mph . However, the teenager walked away from the Formula 4 accident unscathed . His father Michael is still recovering from a December 2013 ski accident . |
Given this paragraph describing the conclusion of the movie Groundhog Day, how did Phil manage to break the cycle and wake up on February 3 instead of back once again on February 2? | During one iteration of the loop, Phil reports on the Groundhog Day festivities with such eloquence that other news crews stop working to listen to his speech, amazing Rita. Phil continues his day helping the people of Punxsutawney. That night, Rita witnesses Phil's expert piano-playing skills as the adoring townsfolk regale her with stories of his good deeds. Impressed by his apparent overnight transformation, Rita successfully bids for him at a charity bachelor auction. Phil carves an ice sculpture in Rita's image and tells her that no matter what happens, even if he is trapped in the loop forever, he is finally happy because he loves her. They share a kiss and retire to Phil's room. He wakes the next morning to "I Got You Babe" but finds Rita is still in bed with him and the radio banter has changed; it is now February 3. Phil tells Rita that he wants to live in Punxsutawney with her.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundhog_Day_(film) | This paragraph summarizing the conclusion of Groundhog Day explains what was happening when Phil wakes up on February 3 but does not explain why he is able to escape the loop. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Judging by his social media activity, Mario Balotelli was very annoyed to miss Liverpool's victory over Swansea on Monday night. The 24-year-old striker was ruled out of the game at the Liberty Stadium with a stomach bug and didn't travel with the rest of the team to south Wales. And Instead he took to Instagram to post a picture of himself with the caption: 'ENJOY YOUR TIME TILL I'LL BE BACK.' Mario Balotelli shared a photo on Instagram after missing Liverpool's win over Swansea . Balotelli has scored just four times for Liverpool this season after a £16m move in the summer . Balotelli has scored just four times in all competitions this season for Liverpool since his £16million move in the summer. And the Italian striker will be targeting Liverpool's clash against Manchester United on Sunday for a return to the starting XI. Jordan Henderson's second-half goal gave Brendan Rodgers' side a hard-fought win over Swansea on Monday the drew them within two points of fourth-placed Manchester United in the race for Champions League football. Jordan Henderson lets out a roar of delight after his winner for Liverpool against Swansea . VIDEO Rodgers has eye on second place . Henderson watches his shot loop over Lukasz Fabianski and into the back of the net for Liverpool's winner . | Mario Balotelli did not travel to Wales for Liverpool's clash with Swansea . The Italian striker posted a picture on Instagram and promised to be back . Liverpool beat Swansea 1-0 thanks to Jordan Henderson's strike . Reds just two points behind fourth-placed Manchester United after win . CLICK HERE for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsenal forward Danny Welbeck has pulled out of the England squad because of a knee injury he suffered in Friday's 4-0 win over Lithuania. Welbeck sustained the injury in the second half of the victory at Wembley and was replaced in the 77th minute. The Football Association confirmed on Saturday that Welbeck had been sent back to Arsenal. Danny Welbeck has been sent back to Arsenal after picking up a knee injury in England's win over Lithuania . Welbeck scored England's second in the 4-0 win but will not be present for the friendly against Italy in Turin . The striker will therefore not take part in Tuesday's friendly against Italy in Turin. The FA also confirmed Raheem Sterling, James Milner and Leighton Baines had been sent back to their clubs. Liverpool forward Sterling is carrying a toe injury and Manchester City midfielder Milner did not play against Lithuania as he had a knee problem. Baines has gone back to Everton as Roy Hodgson wants to give Kieran Gibbs his seventh cap in Turin. The England manager has called up Southampton's Ryan Bertrand as cover for the Arsenal defender. Raheem Sterling has also returned to his squad after carrying a toe injury against Lithuania on Friday . Manchester City midfielder James Milner has left and did not play against Lithuania as he has a knee problem . Leighton Baines has gone back to Everton as Roy Hodgson wants to give Kieran Gibbs a cap in Turin . Hodgson told FA TV: 'We knew we were going to be losing Raheem Sterling who had an injection last night on an on-going injury and hopefully that will help him as we go forward. 'We have a problem with James Milner who had to leave, we decided to let Leighton Baines go home and of course we lost Danny Welbeck who unfortunately picked up a slight knee injury (against Lithuania). 'So those four players won't be with us going forward but it means a chance for the other guys in the squad to show what they can do. 'We are going to bring Ryan Bertrand in because with Leighton Baines gone we are now left with only one recognised left-back which is Kieran Gibbs and we wanted two recognised left-backs for both games.' Ryan Bertrand (right) has been called up from Southampton as cover after Baines left Hodgson's squad . Nine players have withdrawn from the squad since it was announced. Daniel Sturridge, Adam Lallana, Luke Shaw, Fraser Forster and Danny Rose all pulled out through injury last week. That means Hodgson has just 17 outfield players to choose from for the game against the country that beat England in their World Cup opener in Manaus last June. Harry Kane scored against Lithuania but is one of just 17 fit outfield players for England to use against Italy . | Danny Welbeck has left Roy Hodgson's England squad with an injury . Arsenal forward was taken off against Lithuania with a knee problem . Raheem Sterling, James Milner and Leighton Baines also leave the squad . Ryan Bertrand has been called up as cover at left back from Southampton . Hodgson has just 17 outfield players to pick from for friendly against Italy . |