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The suborder Lari is the part of the order Charadriiformes that includes the gulls, terns, skuas and skimmers; the rest of the order is made up of the waders and snipes. The auks are now placed into the Lari too, following recent research. Sometimes, the buttonquails are also placed here, but the molecular data and fossil record rather suggests they are a quite basal offshoot along with the snipe-like and aberrant waders. The larids are generally larger species that take fish from the sea. Several gulls and skuas will also take food items from beaches, or rob smaller species, and some have become adapted to inland environments. References Sources Category:Bird suborders Category:Extant Eocene first appearances Category:Taxa named by Richard Bowdler Sharpe

Fatso The Bear is a Walter Lantz character, who made his first appearance in the cartoon Hunger Strife, in 1960. His final appearance was in 1961, in The Bear and the Bees. The bear is essentially a clone of Disney's Humphrey the Bear, in terms of physical appearance, gruff voice, and personality. This makes sense, as the character was created by Jack Hannah, who had directed some Donald Duck cartoons at Disney back in the mid-1940s into the 1950s. List of appearances: Hunger Strife 10/05/1960 Eggnapper 02/14/1961 Bear and the Bees 05/01/1961 See also List of Walter Lantz cartoons List of Walter Lantz cartoon characters References External links The Walter Lantz-o-Pedia Category:Fictional bears Category:Fictional anthropomorphic characters Category:Film characters introduced in 1960 Category:Universal Pictures cartoons and characters Category:Walter Lantz Productions shorts Category:American films Category:Walter Lantz Productions cartoons and characters

The Selling of the President 1968 is a 1969 book by American author Joe McGinniss. It was published by Trident Press in October, 1969. The title is a play on the Making of the President books by Theodore White. The book describes the marketing of Richard Nixon during the 1968 presidential campaign. It has been described as a classic of political journalism and a classic of campaign reporting that first introduced many readers to the stage-managed world of political theater. It was reprinted in 1988 under the title The Selling of the President. McGinniss became an overnight success when the book, his first, landed on The New York Times bestseller list. He was 26 years old, making him the youngest living writer with that achievement. The book was on the New York Times non-fiction bestseller list for 31 weeks from October 1969 to May 1970. The idea for the book came to McGinniss almost serendipitously: [He] stumbled across his books topic while taking a train to New York. A fellow commuter had just landed the Hubert Humphrey account and was boasting that 'in six weeks well have him looking better than Abraham Lincoln.' McGinniss tried to get access to Humphreys campaign first, but they turned him down. So he called up Nixons, and they said yes.. The book was very well received by both critics and the public. It spent more than six months on best-sellers lists, and McGinniss sold a lot of those books through television, appearing on the titular shows of Merv Griffin, David Frost and Dick Cavett, among others. Conservative writer William F. Buckley assumed McGinniss had relied on 'an elaborate deception which has brought joy and hope to the Nixon-haters.' But even Buckley liked the book. In 1972, the book was adapted into a short-lived Broadway musical. Editions The Selling of the President 1968, Oct. 1969, New York:Trident Press Simon & Schuster. 253pp. The Selling of the President 1968, Oct. 1970, PocketBooks Simon & Schuster. SBN 671-78036-0, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 77-92157 The Selling of the President, 1988 reprint, with new introduction by author, New York:Penguin Books. 272pp. References Category:1969 non-fiction books Category:American non-fiction books Category:American political books Category:Books about Richard Nixon Category:English-language books Category:Non-fiction books about elections Category:Simon & Schuster books

Sport Clube Beira-Mar is a Portuguese sports club based in Aveiro, Portugal. Its football team currently plays in the Campeonato de Portugal, the third national level, having gained promotion by winning the Aveiro FA First Division 2018/19 championship season. The old Estádio Mário Duarte was the home ground from 1935 until 2019. From 2020, SC Beira-Mar plays home matches at Estádio Municipal de Aveiro. The club also has futsal, basketball, boxing, judo, handball, billiards, athletics, and paintball departments. Famous Portuguese players who have represented the club include Eusébio, António Veloso, and António Sousa. All three players have regularly been chosen for the Portugal national team and have played for the biggest clubs in the countrythe former two with Benfica and the latter with both Porto and Sporting CP. After becoming a manager, Sousa also coached the team, guiding it to win the 1999 Taça de Portugal. History thumb|right|200px|Eusébio, one of the world's greatest footballers, played for Beira-Mar in the 197677 season. Beira-Mar was founded on 1 January 1922. It first reached the top division in 1961, only lasting one season. Subsequently, Beira-Mar reached the top flight several times enjoying a spell lasting from 1971 to 1974. In the 197677 campaign, former S.L. Benfica and Portugal legend Eusébio signed up to play for Beira-Mar, requesting to be excluded in all matches against S.L. Benfica. Injuries prevented him from being fielded regularly, and the campaign ended in relegation. In 1988 Beira-Mar returned to the Primeira Divisão managing to remain there most of the following years and achieving a best ever sixth place overall finish in the 1990/91 top league season and also reaching the Cup final. In 1999 the club again reached the Cup final, this time defeating S.C. Campomaiorense 10 to win the Taça de Portugal. Beira-Mar's goal was scored by Ricardo Sousa, son of coach António Sousa, who played for the club in the 1970s. Despite winning its biggest honour to date, the team was relegated at season's end. As the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup was discontinued in 1999, Beira-Mar participated in the 19992000 UEFA Cup, losing 12 on aggregate to Dutch club Vitesse. In the domestic league, the club finished second place in the second division, automatically returning to the top flight. On 23 February 2002, Beira-Mar achieved a 32 away win against FC Porto, which was managed by a young José Mourinho; it would be his last home defeat in the following decade. In 2006, former European Golden Shoe winner Mário Jardel returned to Portugal to play for Beira-Mar, signing a one-year contract. The Brazilian scored in his official debut, a 22 home draw against Desportivo das Aves, but gradually lost his importance in the team and later transferred to a club in Cyprus. In 2007 Beira-Mar was relegated in a campaign that included the sacking of manager Carlos Carvalhal, who was replaced by Spaniard Francisco Soler after the team signed a deal with Inverfutbol, a Spanish-based sporting company. In 2010, Beira-Mar finished the season as second division champions and returned to the top division after a three-year absence. In 2013, the team was relegated to the second division for finishing in last place. In 2015, Beira-Mar was demoted by administrative decree to the second-lowest league of the Aveiro FA district Associação de Futebol de Aveiro, the fifth lowest overall level in the pyramid, despite finishing tenth, due to financial difficulties and debt. According to the FA legislation, the club was found ineligible to participate in national competitions and had to restart competitive activity from the bottom in the regional levels. Since then, mostly due to efforts by the club's supporters in conjunction with the city of Aveiro authorities and personalities like António Sousa and his son Ricardo Sousa, the club has returned to a more stable situation. After a five-year hiatus from the national competitions, S. C. Beira-Mar was promoted to the Campeonato de Portugal by virtue of winning the 2018/19 Aveiro FA First Division Championship and so far, has remained sufficiently competitive at the top half of the classification table. With the latest developments surrounding the fate of the old Mário Duarte Stadium, in late 2019 the city and regional authorities agreed with the club, to move all the football related activities to the Estádio Municipal of Aveiro complex, which includes training grounds and houses the Aveiro FA youth football development and sport sciences academy. With S. C. Beira-Mar being the most locally supported football club, it is hoped this recent development will help spearhead the Aveiro club and regional FA, propel all its associated clubs to a more prominent role in the national arena, both at youth talent development and club's role at the highest level. Current squad League and Cup history European record By qualifying to play in the 1999 edition of UEFA Cup, Beira-Mar became the second team from a second division to appear in the competition, after Bray Wanderers from the Republic of Ireland in 1990. Honours National Taça de Portugal Winners 1: 199899 Segunda Liga Winners 2: 200506, 200910 Segunda Divisão Winners 3: 196061, 196465, 197071 Terceira Divisão Winners 1: 195859 Other Taça Ribeiro dos Reis Winners 1: 196465 AF Aveiro Championship Winners 3: 192829, 193738, 201819 AF Aveiro First Division Winners 3: 194849, 195556, 195859 AF Aveiro Cup Winners 1: 201718 AF Aveiro Supercup Winners 1: 2019 Stadiums From 1935 until 2019, Beira-Mar played home games at Estádio Mário Duarte, a 12,000- seating capacity ground in the city center. However, during this time, there were exceptions to Mario Duarte stadium use exclusivity when Beira-Mar occasionally used the new Municipal Stadium, purpose built for the 2004 Euro Championship. After the 2015 relegation, due to the poor economic situation of the club, Mario Duarte Stadium played an important role in the team recovering their support base due to the ease of access by the local fans. Due to the stadium's ground being conveniently situated next door, the latest city planning and infrastructure developments require the area presently occupied by Mario Duarte Stadium for the long waiting expansion of Aveiro's main regional hospital. As a result of these developments, the city authorities reached a deal with the club for the use of the new Estádio Municipal de Aveiro by Beira-Mar S. C.. This modern 32000 seat stadium was purpose built to host some matches in the 2004 Euro Championship, is currently undergoing further development on its adjoining grounds by the Aveiro Football Association to establish new training facilities and a football academy. Nevertheless, due to the stadium's position being about 5 km outside the city limits next to the highway, does not enjoy public transportation accesses or shuttle services, thus, it never was very popular with Beira-Mar home or visiting supporters, who preferred the old historical stadium's cosiness and ease of access. To counter the stadium's lack of popularity due to accessibility problems, the local authorities are studying the implementation of a new shuttle service scheme incorporating the metropolitan bus services for match days, to help supporters reach the stadium easily. A passenger link from Aveiro railway station could also become a reality in the future by using the existing Vouga railway line that passes a few hundred meters from the stadium. Notable players Note: this list includes players who have played at least 100 league games and/or have reached international status. Eugene Galeković Mário Jardel Fernando Aguiar Pavel Srníček Magdi Abdelghani Javier Balboa Nazmi Faiz Mourtala Diakité Andrija Delibašić Antolín Alcaraz Dinis Eusébio António Sousa António Veloso Fary Faye Marián Zeman Jan Lechaba Tobias Grahn Andy Marriott Former managers Fernando Vaz 197576 Fernando Cabrita 197779 Mário Lino 198687 Jean Thissen 198790 Zoran Filipović 199394 Rodolfo Reis 199495 Acácio 1995 António Sousa 1997  2004 Mick Wadsworth July 2004  Sept 04 Manuel Cajuda Sept 2004  Dec 04 Augusto Inácio April 2005  Nov 06 Carlos Carvalhal Nov 2006  Jan 07 Francisco Soler Jan 2007  May 7 Rogério Gonçalves May 2007  Feb 08 Paulo Sérgio Feb 2008  May 8 António Sousa June 2008  Nov 08 Leonardo Jardim May 2009  Feb 11 Rui Bento March 2011  Feb 12 Ulisses Morais Feb 2012  Feb 13 Costinha Feb 2013  May 13 Jorge Neves May 2013  January 14 References External links Official website Category:Association football clubs established in 1922 Category:S.C. Beira-Mar Category:Taça de Portugal winners Category:1922 establishments in Portugal Category:Primeira Liga clubs Category:LigaPro clubs Category:Football clubs in Portugal

{{Infobox television | show_name = Balaa | image = Balaa.jpg | image_size = | image_upright = | image_alt = | caption = Balaa title card | show_name_2 = | native_name = | genre = | creator = | based_on = | developer = | writer = Zanjabeel Asim Shah | screenplay = | story = | director = Badar Mehmood | creative_director = | presenter = Big Bang Entertainment | starring = | judges = | voices = | narrated = | theme_music_composer = Waqar Ali | opentheme = | endtheme = | composer = | country = Pakistan | language = Urdu | num_seasons = | num_episodes = 40 | list_episodes = | executive_producer = | producer = Fahad MustafaDr. Ali Kazmi | news_editor = | location = Karachi, Pakistan | cinematography = | editor = | camera = | runtime = 40 mintutes | company = | distributor = ARY Television Network | budget = | network = ARY Digital | channel = | picture_format = 1080i HDTV | audio_format = | first_run = | released = | first_aired = | last_aired = | preceded_by = Bay Dardi | followed_by = Bandish | related = | website = | production_website = }}Balaa Evil is a 2018 Pakistani thriller television series aired on ARY Digital. It is produced by Fahad Mustafa and Dr. Ali Kazmi under their banner Big Bang Entertainment. It stars Bilal Abbas Khan, Ushna Shah, Azekah Daniel, Samina Peerzada, Sajid Hassan, Ismat Zaidi and Mehar Bano. The series follows the story of a limping girl who destroys the lives of people around her due to her own insecurities and imperfections. Synopsis Nigar Ushna Shah is a selfish and cruel girl who is impaired from her leg by birth. She never lets her imperfection be an obstacle in her way instead, she intends to harm others to fill her ego. Her cruel attitude is just because of her father, Zafar Sajid Hassan who has also the same mindset as Nigar and has spoiled her because she has been lucky for him since her birth. Zafar also has a son, Junaid Asad Siddiqui who is not so special for him as Nigar is. Junaid has married an orphan girl Zeba who is unattractive most of all, she doesn't have a wealthy background as greedy Zafar has always wanted. Nigar also mistreats her and uses Junaid every single time to make her live with trouble. Zafar and Nigar has always wanted to get rid of her. Nigar is in love with her cousin, Taimoor Bilal Abbas Khan, a handsome and family-oriented man whose family she and Zafar has had been degrading for their low status in the past but not for long as now Taimoor is living a successful life. Taimoor loves Saba Azekah Daniel, the only daughter of his mother's friend Ismat Zaidi. This makes her become Nigar's second target. Fortunately, she catches Saba with her boyfriend, Mateen and provokes them to elope, on the day of nikkah as she will aid them. On the other hand, she uses Mateen to make mute calls to Zeba Ammara Chaudhary so Junaid suspects that she is having an affair. So, as planned, Saba elopes with Mateen on the day of nikkah with an apologize note and her poor mother dies of embarrassment. Taimoor also gets badly heartbroken. Nigar succeeds in clearing the second target and has also partially clear first target. The leftover part is done by Zafar who bribes Mateen to be in Zeba's room when she's home alone. Plan is followed with perfection and Junaid arrives at the moment. Zafar and Nigar succeed in making Junaid divorce Zeba although she tries her best to prove her sincerity. Next morning, Zeba is found dead in the washroom. The cause is revealed to be a brain hemorrhage. Mission accomplished. Now, Nigar heads for heartbroken Taimoor. She gradually lures him out of his sorrow and makes him like her. Although Junaid is also badly suffering from the trauma of his wife's death, she doesn't care at all. She has her eyes fixed on Taimoor. She eventually starts mixing up with Taimoor's family. Taimoor's mother, Shama Samina Peerzada is a very gentle and caring woman who easily agrees accepting Nigar, although Nigar has been rude to her in the past. Taimoor's younger sister, Batool Mehar Bano resists Nigar's presence but her mother won't consider her objection as she wants her son's prosperity back. Sauleha Mehwish Qureshi, Taimoor's older sister, is also an unadorned lady just like her mother but her simplicity is way too elaborated that she can't differentiate what's bad and good. In simple words, she is a type of immature. On the other hand, Batool is a clever, liberal and sensible girl who easily indicates Nigar's intentions. Somehow, Taimoor gets affectionate towards Nigar. Zafar conditions the marriage to be a watta satta. Batool doesn't want to marry a heartbroken Junaid who has also become bad-tempered and got in drinking. So, Nigar assures her father that she will marry Batool with Junaid after she marries Taimoor. So, Zafar agrees. On the wedding night, Taimoor describes his family's importance to her and she should also give them priority. As it was against Nigar's aptitude, she is overwhelmed and resists in her own gesticulations. Now, Nigar's pivot motive was to get rid of whole of Taimoor's family. She uses Shama's submissive attitude as her base. Nigar emotionally forces Shama to be a bit distant from Taimoor so he could spend more time with her. Shama foresees heartbroken Taimoor's prosperity in this so she starts being distant from Taimoor. At first, Taimoor objects the weird attitude of his mother but later, he accepts that as a regular fact. But Nigar won't let the candle blown out easily Cast Ushna Shah as Nigar; Disabled limps from birth, Taimoor's cousin and later wife, Shama's niece Bilal Abbas Khan as Taimoor; Nigar's husband, later married Saba Azekah Daniel as Saba; Taimoor's love interest and later second wife Samina Peerzada as Shama; Taimoor's mother, Nigar and Saba's aunt Sajid Hassan as Zafar; Nigar and Junaid's father Mehar Bano as Batool; Taimoor's younger sister, Junaid's wife Asad Siddiqui as Junaid; Nigar's brother, Batool's husband Mehwish Qureshi as Saleha; Taimoor's elder sister Ammara Chaudhary as Zeba; Junaid's ex-wife Ismat Zaidi as Sabas mother, Shama's friend Farah Nadeem as Saleha's mother-in-law Reception It gained acclaim for its unique storyline. Sadaf Haider of DAWN praised the series saying, So far Balaa has been an entertaining with some tight direction and intriguing characters, she further praised Shah's character calling her highly developed female character. Reviewer from Daily Times praised Khan performance saying, The actor has left people awestruck with his intense acting. The show has gotten a good response from the viewers; being the top drama series in monday slot airing in Pakistan. It also faced competition with Aatish of Hum TV and Tum Se Hi Talluq Hai'' of Geo Entertainment and became a slot leader instantly, and got high TRPs as high as 11.2 weekly. It was also criticized of its unnecessarily killing many characters. Khan and Peerzada won Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress respectively at annual ARY Social Media Awards. Zahra Mirza of reviewit.pk heavily criticized Bilal Abbas performance by saying Bilal Abbas should start delivering dialogues properly & stop mumbling because almost in the entire episode he was inaudible & it was hard to understand what he was trying to say. Acting nikalne se pehle hi zubaan aur thook mai roll ho gai, lol. This is something that he should work on. Soundtrack Track listing Awards and nominations References External links Balaa on ARY Digital.TV Category:Pakistani drama television series Category:2018 Pakistani television series debuts Category:Urdu-language television programs

Pithon is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Population See also Communes of the Aisne department References INSEE External links Category:Communes of Aisne Category:Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia

Appenweier station is a railway station in the municipality of Appenweier, located in the Ortenaukreis district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It sits at the eastern end of the AppenweierStrasbourg railway, whose western end, at Strasbourg, is in France. References External links Category:Railway stations in Baden-Württemberg Category:Buildings and structures in Ortenaukreis

Thithi Funeral is a 2015 Indian Kannada drama film co-written and directed by Raam Reddy. Consisting of a cast of non-professional actors from villages in the Mandya district of Karnataka, the film is a semi- light-hearted story about three generations of men reacting to the death of their 101-year old patriarch. It is an Indian-American co-production, jointly produced by Pratap Reddy from Prspctvs Productions and Sunmin Park from Maxmedia. Thithi premiered at the 68th Locarno International Film Festival on 8 August 2015, where it won the Golden Leopard in the Filmmakers of the Present category as well as the First Feature award. Consequently, it was screened at various film festivals around the world and won numerous awards including the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada at the 63rd National Film Awards. It was released in Karnataka on 6 May 2016 and in the rest of India on 3 June 2016 to generally positive reviews. Plot Thithi is a dramatic comedy about how three generations of sons react to the death of the oldest in their clan, a man named Century Gowda: a locally renowned, highly cantankerous 101-year-old man. Set in a remote village in Karnataka, the three storylines intertwine before converging at Century Gowdas thithi the final funeral celebration, 11 days after a death. Century Gowdas eldest son, Gaddappa literally translating to Beard Man, is himself a little old man who spends his time nonchalantly wandering the village fields, puffing cheap cigarettes and swigging brandy. Gaddappas far more materialistic son, Thammanna, plots to illegally sell Century Gowdas five-acre property, even though the land officially belongs to his father. At the same time, Thammannas confident pubescent son, Abhi, shrugs his responsibilities to relentlessly pursue a shepherd girl, Kavery Pooja S.M. Cast Channegowda as Gaddappa Thammegowda as Thammanna Abhishek H.N as Abhi Pooja S.M. as Kaveri Singrigowda as Century Gowda Development And Production The seed that gave rise to Thithi was planted during a visit that Reddy made to Nodekoppalu village in the Mandya district of Karnataka, the home town of the film's co-writer Eregowda. Reddy found the village, seen through the eyes of an insider, to contain within itself a highly cinematic world. Reddy then did a year-long stint at Prague Film School. Upon returning, re-visited the area frequently, conducting a three-month exploratory process to better acquaint himself with the world. During this process, Eregowda and Reddy met and decided to revolve the film around three protagonists, Channegowda Gaddappa, Thammegowda S. Thammanna, and Abhishek H.N. Abhi, even before the idea for the story of the film had taken shape. Keeping the true life personalities of these three leads in mind, Reddy and Eregowda then began developing a screenplay that revolved around the death and thithi of a 101-year old cantankerous centenarian, Century Gowda. After Reddy and Eregowda finished the script, they had an ambitious 160 page screenplay with over a hundred characters. They then moved into pre-production work which included an eight-month long casting process to find actors to fill out smaller roles and putting together a crew for the film. At this stage, DoP Doron Tempert, Reddy's batchmate from Prague Film School, joined the development process and started building the story-telling style and approach with Reddy. Production started in Nodekoppalu in January 2014. The film was shot in multiple schedules split over a period of five months, the longevity of the shoot owing to the logistical challenges of working with non-actors. When the film was in the rough cut stage, the film made it into NFDC's Film Bazaar where it was adjudged as the Best Work In Progress fiction feature and awarded a free Digital Intermediate at Prasad Labs, Mumbai. The film, still a work-in-progress, premiered at the Locarno Film Festival in August, and then went on to have its Indian Premiere at the Mumbai Film Festival. The film was finally completed in December 2015. Reception Thithi has received largely positive reviews on the International front with The Hollywood Reporter calling it a whimsically enjoyable encounter with some slippery backwoods characters. Clayton Dillard of Slant Magazine gave the film 3 out of 4 stars and said that the film packs in a miniseries worth of conflict and that it possesses the spirit of Yasujirō Ozu. In an enthusiastic review, Daniel Kasman from MUBI had this to say: A film that is funny, humane, and seemingly effortless, this young director has coaxed from a massive cast and a specific setting a great deal of character, an evocation of a locality and its society, and wrapped it all in a Renoirian understanding of human behaviour. The film is a real pleasure. The Variety review by Dennis Harvey praised the film for being a clever social satire that is complexly plot-driven yet never hectic or over-contrived. The review went on to commend the performers by saying that theyre all such naturals its almost hard to believe they came to the project as amateurs. The film was received with utmost enthusiasm by the Indian press on its release in Karnataka as well. In a 4.5 star review for Times Of India, Sunayana Suresh compared the film to the classic The Gods Must Be Crazy as a film that triumphs as both a clever narrative and a hearty entertainer. In yet another 4.5 star review, Shyam Prasad S. of Bangalore Mirror called the film an experience to savour. The film was called a milestone for Kannada cinema by Deccan Herald, while The New Indian Express declared it to be one of the finest films to come out of India in recent times. Awards and nominations Thithi premiered at the 68th Locarno International Film Festival on 8 August 2015, where it won the Golden Leopard in the Filmmakers of the Present category as well as the First Feature award. It has also won numerous other awards at various film festivals including Mumbai, Palm Springs, and Marrakech. It was also invited to be a part of the 45th edition of New Directors/New Films. At the 19th Shanghai International Film Festival, Thithi won the Best Script Writer and the Best Film awards under the Asia New Talent Awards Category. It won the German Star of India award for the Best Feature Film at the 13th Indian Film Festival Stuttgart, Germany. At the 63rd National Film Awards, the film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada It bagged the First Best Film, Best Supporting Actress and Best Dialogue awards at the 2016 Karnataka State Film Awards. References External links Category:2015 films Category:Indian films Category:2010s Kannada-language films Category:Kannada-language films Category:Golden Leopard winners Category:Films shot in Karnataka Category:Indian comedy-drama films Category:2010s comedy-drama films Category:Best Kannada Feature Film National Film Award winners Category:2015 directorial debut films

Amerila fumida is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Charles Swinhoe in 1901. It is found in Indonesia Halmaheira Islands and Timor. References , 1910: Catalogue of the Arctianae in the Tring museum, with notes and descriptions of new species. Novitates Zoologicae 17 1: 1-85, 2: 113188, pl. XI-XIV, 18: pl. III-VI, London and Aylesbury. , 1901: New genera and species of Eastern and Australian moths. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7 7: 463473. Category:Moths described in 1901 Category:Amerilini Category:Moths of Indonesia

Caitlin Greiser born 17 February 1999 is an Australian rules footballer playing for the St Kilda Football Club in the AFL Women's AFLW. Greiser signed with St Kilda during the first period of the 2019 expansion club signing period in August. She made her debut against the at RSEA Park in the opening round of the 2020 season. Greiser earned the nickname G-Train a nickname also used to describe former St Kilda footballer Fraser Gehrig after kicking a long-range goal in the Saints' round three victory over at Moorabbin Oval. She was the AFLW's leading goalkicker in 2020 with 10 goals. References External links Category:1999 births Category:Living people Category:St Kilda Football Club AFLW players Category:Melbourne University Football Club VFLW players Category:Western Jets players NAB League Girls Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria Australia

Dream 14 was a mixed martial arts event held by Fighting and Entertainment Group's mixed martial arts promotion Dream. The event took place on May 29, 2010 in Japan. The event aired live in North America on HDNet. Background This event was originally expected to be held in Seoul, South Korea on April 24, 2010. However, many factors, including the issue that many top Korean stars such as Denis Kang and Hong Man Choi were not available in April, contributed to the Korea event being cancelled. This was the second Dream event to take place in a cage. Results References See also Dream mixed martial arts List of Dream champions 2010 in DREAM Category:Dream mixed martial arts events Category:2010 in mixed martial arts Category:Sport in Saitama city Category:Mixed martial arts in Japan Category:2010 in Japanese sport

Irene Lange Nordahl born February 11, 1968 in Sørreisa is a Norwegian politician representing the Centre Party. In the 2009 election, she was elected to parliament from Troms, and serves on the Standing Committee on Business and Industry, and is the Center Party's spokesperson on commerce issues. Prior to her election to parliament, Nordahl served in the county council for Troms, and was the county councilor on commerce between 2005 and 2007. She has ten years of experience in the municipality council and chairmanship in Sørreisa. In the 2009 election campaign, Nordahl was nominated as her party's top candidate. She campaigned on expanding the travel industry in northern Norway, this involved improving the road network, and supporting a railway line through Troms. Her campaign was energetic and highly visible. In the end she succeeded in winning Troms' leveling seat, narrowly ahead of Lena Jensen of the Socialist Left. External links Nordahl, Irene Lange 1968- Entry on parliamentary website. References Category:1968 births Category:Living people Category:People from Sørreisa Category:Centre Party Norway politicians Category:Members of the Storting Category:21st-century Norwegian politicians

Mango Yellow is a 2002 Brazilian drama film directed by Cláudio Assis. It stars Matheus Nachtergaele, Jonas Bloch, Dira Paes, Chico Díaz, and Leona Cavalli as working-class people who engage in amorous and social encounters, with most of the action taking place in a hotel and a bar. The directorial debut of Assis, the film was partially inspired by his previous short film Texas Hotel. It was filmed on a low budget in the suburbs of Pernambuco. Mango Yellow received several awards at various film festivals, both in Brazil and abroad, including Festival de Brasília and the Berlin Film Festival. The film was generally praised by domestic reviewers for its characters, soundtrack, cinematography, and depictions of Brazil. Brazilian Film Critics Association selected it as one of the best Brazilian films of all time, while English-speaking critics were more mixed in their response. Plot The film opens with Lígia, a barmaid who is fed up with her grueling routine and who is forced to routinely turn down the sexual propositions of the bar's customers. One of the men who hits on Lígia is Isaac, a necrophiliac who enjoys sodomizing corpses and drinking their blood. He lives at the Texas Hotel, where Dunga, a gay man, works as a handyman. Dunga is attracted to Wellington, a butcher who delivers meat to the hotel. Wellington, however, is married to Kika, a woman who is proud to be an evangelical Christian. However, Wellington cheats on his wife with a woman named Dayse. Dayse tires of being Wellington's mistress and tells Dunga about the relationship. Dunga anonymously reveals to Kika that her husband is cheating on her, thinking that if he can destroy their marriage, then he and Wellington can become lovers. Kika finds Wellington and Dayse together, attacks them, and then leaves for good. Wellington goes to the Texas Hotel to seek solace. Dunga wants to take Wellington up to his room, but Wellington is put off by the funeral of the recently deceased owner of the hotel. Meanwhile, Isaac is thrown out of the bar after trying to forcibly grab Lígia. He is then seen driving his car and when he meets Kika, he takes her to his apartment and they have sex. As the film concludes, Lígia is shown again complaining about her routine. This is followed by a montage of everyday city life, ending with Kika deciding to dye her hair in mango yellow, the same shade that made Isaac so attracted to Lígia. Cast Matheus Nachtergaele as Dunga Jonas Bloch as Isaac Dira Paes as Kika Chico Díaz as Wellington Leona Cavalli as Lígia Conceição Camarotti as Aurora Cosme Prezado Soares as Bianor Everaldo Pontes as Rabecão Magdale Alves as Dayse or Daisy Jones Melo as priest Themes Writing for The New York Times, Stephen Holden interpreted the film's message as follows: This is how the lower half lives in Brazil, and by extension, humanity at its most basic, getting along without the rose-colored protections that affluence affords. As it deals with these kinds of themes, the film was labeled as violent. In response, Assis said that he films life as it is. Jose Solis of PopMatters declared that despite its sorrowful appearance, the film is a celebration of life. Assis tried to contrast the violence depicted by the Hollywood action films with the small violences which people face everyday, making it poetic and violent at the same time. Bloch's character shooting corpses represents a harmless, symbolic addiction in the same way other aspects of the film come from it, this violence within us. Writing in The New Yorker, Michael Sragow said that The human content ... is the stuff of art-house exploitation. IstoÉ Gentes Domingas Person wrote that the phrase the human being is stomach and sex, which is said by the priest in the film, is an apt summary of the film's spirit. Writing in Diário de Pernambuco, Luciana Veras declared that the film talk[s] about the excluded [people] who also crave the same as the characters in the [tele]novela[s], from Hollywood films or French novels: love and happiness. Assis criticized the fact that several directors like to glamorize poverty, and as such, he characterized his characters to show the people's vice. José Geraldo Couto of Folha de S. Paulo wrote that the film shows that the miserable are not dear waiting for the mercy of others, but are full of life, willing to kill or die to fulfill their desires and instincts. Deborah Young of Variety opined that the mango yellow color represents both the jaundiced shade of their broken dreams and their sense of nonconformity and feeling alive. Background and production Prior to Mango Yellow, Cláudio Assis worked as a production director on the 1996 film Perfumed Ball and as director on three short films. One of them, Texas Hotel, served as an inspiration to Mango Yellow; Alessandro Giannini of O Estado de S. Paulo said Texas Hotel is a kind of 'privileged test' of Mango Yellow, while TV Guides Ken Fox described Mango Yellow as an expanded version of Hotel Texas. Couto wrote that the gratuitous series of aberrations presented in Texas Hotel was turned into an articulate narrative and full of meaning. The production cost was R$450,000. Assis was happy with this, noting that Brazilian films cost an average of R$3 million at the time. The filming took place in the suburbs of the cities of Recife and Olinda, both in the state of Pernambuco. It was shot with 35 mm cameras brought from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, and filming took place in five weeks between September and October 2001. One of the first ideas Assis had for the film was to show the mons pubis of a waitress he knew. Though he was unsure how to include this element, the yellow-colored pubic hair matched the book Tempo Amarelo Yellow Time, by sociologist Renato Carneiro Campos. The title of the film was borrowed from the book, in which the author describes the rotten teeth of children, the color of poverty in the country. Assis wanted to create a film to show the face of the Brazilian people. We are from the Third World and we need to look at ourselves. Release Mango Yellows premiere was held at the Festival do Rio on October 4, 2002, while it was released on domestic theaters on August 15, 2003. Despite receiving praise by film critics, it was moderately received by Brazilian audiences. Mango Yellow grossed R$769,750, with a viewership of 129,021 people in the sixteen Brazilian theaters in which it was shown, representing the twelfth largest audience for a domestic film in 2003. Accolades At the 35th Festival de Brasília, Mango Yellow was selected as Best Film by the official jury, the popular jury, and critics alike; it also received the awards for Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Cast, and Best Actor Díaz. Assis won the award for Best Debut Film at the 25th Havana Film Festival, where the film also won the award for Best Cinematography. It also won for Best Cinematography at the Seventh Brazilian Film Festival of Miami. Mango Yellow won in every feature film category at the 13th Cine CearáBest Film, Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Screenplay, Best Art Direction, Best Original Score, Best Actor for Nachtergaele, and Best Actress for Paesand also received a special prize for its costume design. Although nominated in 13 categories at the 2004 Grande Prêmio do Cinema Brasileiro, it only won for Best Cinematography. At the 53rd Berlin International Film Festival, it won the award for Best Film in the Forum section, and received the Grand Prix at the 15th Toulouse Latin America Film Festival. It was also nominated for the Ariel Award for Best Ibero-American Film. Critical reception The film received generally positive reviews in Brazil. The characters, the actor performances, and the soundtrack were praised by Person and Veras, with Veras noting that the film's characterizations avoided stereotypes. The film's cinematography was praised by Person and Veras as well as by Marcelo Hessel from Omelete and Alcino Leite Netto from Folha de S. Paulo, with Netto appreciating that the imagery was neither decorative nor spare, but a part of the film. The film's depiction of real life in Brazil was praised by Hessel and Veras, with both of them commenting that City of God is cosmeticized if compared to Mango Yellow, and the Hessel stating that Mango Yellow is a testimony of documentary and sociological value. Cinepop critic Andrea Don declared it a film that viewers would either love or hate, concluding that you will not leave the cinema's room the same as you entered. In 2015, it was recognized by the Brazilian Film Critics Association as the 86th best Brazilian film of all time on its Top 100. Mango Yellow received mixed reviews from English-speaking reviewers. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 60 rating based on five reviews, with an average score of 5.6/10. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 40 indicating mixed or average reviews based on five reviews. A The Village Voice reviewer described the characters as babbling caricatures and the film as a shallow Brazilian trifle. Young called Nachtergaele a standout as He embodies the film's savage over-the-topness without flattening out as some of the other characters do. Although praising its cinematography, Keith Phipps of The A.V. Club said it is a film that has nothing to say. Sragow, Young, and Fox also praised cinematographer Carvalho's work; Fox said it is [t]awdry stuff ... but it's glorious to look at. In Sragow's opinion, the penultimate scenethe montageboasts an eloquence that eclipses everything else in the movie. Holden found the characters to be robust, full-dimensional people and praised the film's surreal flavor. Solis praised it, saying the real pleasure in the film is that Assis doesn't recur to exploitation to make these people memorable. Home media The film was released on DVD in Brazil by Califórnia Filmes in 2004, while in the United States it was released by First Run Features in partnership with Global Film Initiative on the Global Lens 2004/2003 series in 2005, and on The Best of Global Lens: Brazil in 2011. References External links Category:2002 drama films Category:2000s LGBT-related films Category:2002 films Category:Brazilian films Category:Brazilian drama films Category:Brazilian LGBT-related films Category:Films about suburbia Category:Films set in hotels Category:Films shot in Olinda Category:Films shot in Recife Category:Portuguese-language films Category:2002 directorial debut films

Shesh Paul Vaid also known as S. P. Vaid, was the Director General of Police DGP of Jammu & Kashmir from 31 December 2016 till 6 September 2018. Early life Born in 1959, Vaid grew up in the Kathua district in Jammu and graduated in Veterinary Science B.V.Sc from Madras Veterinary College. He qualified for the Civil Services and was allotted the Indian Police Service IPS on 25 August 1986 with Jammu and Kashmir cadre. Career From 1988 to 1990, he was the Additional Superintendent of Police in Badgam and was promoted as Superintendent in the same district in 1990, the year when he faced maximum militant attacks. He also topped the International Commanders' programme at Police staff College at UK. In the course of his career, he has served as Deputy Inspector General of Police of Jammu, as Inspector General Crime, IGP Home Guards and Civil Defence, as Inspector General Modernisation Police Headquarters, as Inspector General of Police of Jammu, as IGP Crime and Railways 2008 and Inspector General of Police IGP Traffic Jammu & Kashmir. In 2009, he was sent on deputation to Bureau of Police_Research and_DevelopmentBPR&D in New Delhi where he was initially posted as Director of Special Policing, then as Director of Training and in the last few months of his deputation as the Director of Administration In February 2010, Dr. S P Vaid was also appointed as the new Secretary of Central Indian Police Service Association CIPSA as an additional central charge besides his assignment in Bureau of Police Research & Development. in June 2011, Dr Vaid was promoted to the senior Indian police rank of Additional Director General of Police. Consequently, he returned to his parent cadre in September 2011and in November 2011, the J&K State Cabinet ordered the posting of Vaid as Additional Director General of Police ADGP, Headquarters PHQ. On 3 March 2016, Vaid was promoted to the grade of Director General DG, and was subsequently appointed as Director General of Police Prisons. On 8 September 2016, Vaid was transferred and posted as Special DG Coordination and Law & Order. The post of Special D.G Coordination held by S.K Mishra had been re-designated as Special DG Coordination and Law & Order till held by the officer. On 28 December 2016, The State Cabinet confirmed the name of S.P. Vaid as new Director General of Police DGP of Jammu and Kashmir Police. The decision was taken in the State Cabinet meeting headed by Chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti in Jammu. On 31 December 2016, Vaid took over the charge of Director General of Police from K. Rajendra Kumar. Notable contributions to law and order in Kashmir Vaid has played a role in many notable events in the state and made attempts to facilitate the improvement of law and order and police-community relations. In December 1999 Vaid supervised the release from Kot Bhalwal jail of Pakistani mujaheddin leader and the founder of the militant group Jaish-e-Mohammed, Azhar Masood, who was exchanged for passengers on the hijacked Indian Airlines Flight 814 IC-814. On January 29, 2002 there was a specific information that a group of Al-Badr militants were waiting for other terrorist associates to conduct a meeting to plan subversive activities in Srinagar. Vaid, then DIG of Police Range Srinagar planned a joint operation along with BSF and J&K Police SOG to apprehend the militants. The same night Vaid got the area cordoned off with the help of BSF/SOG and local police so as to ensure that militants do not escape during night taking the advantage of darkness. The held up militants tried to take the BSF personnel hostage who were trapped inside but an assault was launched by Vaid along with other officers and in the process managed to rescue one BSF Jawan. In an official statement from the President's Secretariat, the President of India awarded Vaid the Police Medal for Gallantry: In August 2006 the Indo-Asian News Service IANS reported about Vaid's involvement in a project with state-owned Bharat Petroleum to employ family members of the approximately 1,000 Jammu and Kashmir policemen who have died fighting separatists. In December 2006, as IGP Jammu, Vaid supervised the operation against the militants and regained control of the Kot Bhalwal prison following seven-hour clashes with more than 300 prisoners after the situation within the jail went out of control. Vaid served as a chairman of the session, Regional Cooperation to Fight Terrorism, at the March 2009 Asia Pacific Regional Conference of The World Federation of United Nations Associations. In December 2011, Vaid inaugurated 2nd Police Martyr's Memorial North Zone Inter Club T-20 Cricket Championship 201112 in Kathua district of J&K. This tournament is said to have served the dual purpose of better Police-Public relations and honour to Martyr's families. In the Burhan aftermath of the killing of Hizbul Mujahideen Commander, Burhan Wani in 2016, law and order situation in the Valley had spiralled out of control and the state government, while taking a serious note of it, shifted Vaid from the position of DG prisons and to Special DG Law and order. After taking over the charge, Vaid camped in the Kashmir region and initiated various measures to make optimum use of the force so as to check rising casualties of both civilians and security forces through police-public interaction programmes in almost all districts of the Valley. Vaid has been credited for playing an important role in restoring peace and normalcy in the valley. Assassination attempts While Deputy Inspector General of Police, Baramulla range in the Kashmir Valley, Vaid suffered a severe hand injury in March 1999 when 25 militants ambushed his car and two escort gypsies on the national highway, on his way to Baramulla after a review meeting at Srinagar where he was officiating as Inspector General. The militants, aware that his car was bullet-proof, hurled hand-grenades and used powerful universal machine guns which pierce through bullet-proof glass, instead of the commonly used AK-47s. In 1990, while Superintendent in Badgam, Vaid was accompanying his wife along with their month-old daughter from Gulmarg to Badgam. Militants attacked the convoy killing two army men in the vehicle in front of his car. The apprehended militants later admitted that the attack was meant to assassinate him. Positions held See also Burhan aftermath Bureau of Police Research and Development Indian Airlines Flight 814 Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir Indian Police Jammu & Kashmir Police List of people from Jammu and Kashmir References Category:Living people Category:Indian police officers Category:People from Jammu and Kashmir Category:Indian civil servants Category:1959 births Category:Indian Hindus Category:Indian Police Service officers Category:People from Kathua district

David Humphreys born 13 December 1936 is an Australian former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race at the 1964 Summer Olympics. References Category:1936 births Category:Living people Category:Australian male cyclists Category:Olympic cyclists of Australia Category:Cyclists at the 1964 Summer Olympics Category:Place of birth missing living people

Mind of Mine is the debut solo studio album by English singer and songwriter Zayn, released on 25 March 2016 by RCA Records. Primarily an R&B and alternative R&B, the album blends elements from a number of genres, including pop, folk, dub, soul, funk, electronic, Qawwali, hip hop, reggae, classical and soft rock, among others. The album was preceded by the release of two singles: Pillowtalk which debuted at number one in a number of international charts, including the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100, and Like I Would. Wrong, featuring Kehlani, was also subsequently released as the third single. Kehlani is the only feature on the album. The release date of the album marks the one year anniversary of Zayn leaving the boy band One Direction. Mind of Mine has received generally positive reviews, with praise for Malik's new musical direction and his vocal performance. Mind of Mine debuted at number one in several countries including the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, and Sweden, with Malik becoming the first British male artist to debut at number one in both the UK and US with a debut single and debut studio album. Background Following Zayn Malik's five-year stint with English-Irish band One Direction, he quit the band after signing off from the band's On the Road Again Tour for an indefinite period six days prior due to stress. Shortly after, Malik began working on solo material. After sessions with various producers, Malik eventually went on to meet James Malay Ho, who would become his debut album's main collaborator. On 29 July 2015, Malik shared a photo on social media of his official signing with RCA Records. Throughout the rest of 2015, Malik gave interviews with several music magazines, during which he spoke about his debut solo studio album and revealed part of the track list. He stated life experiences have been the influences for the album and just stuff that I've been through, especially in the last five years. Furthermore, he explained his reasons for leaving One Direction: there was never any room for me to experiment creatively in the band. Malik originally auditioned to be a solo R&B singer with Mario's Let Me Love You in 2010 before becoming part of One Direction, but with the band headed in a pop rock direction. Due to the band's musical direction, Malik was unable to sing or write the kind of R&B music he had originally pursued before joining the band. He elaborated, If I would sing a hook or a verse slightly R&B, or slightly myself, it would always be recorded 50 times until there was a straight version that was pop, generic and that Whenever I would suggest something, it was like it didnt fit us. There was just a general conception that the management already had of what they want for the band, and I just wasnt convinced with what we were selling. I wasnt 100 percent behind the music. It wasnt me. It was music that was already given to us. He told Complex that It was about denying the authenticity of who I was, and what I enjoyed about music, and why I got into it. Despite his comments regarding One Direction, he told Ryan Seacrest that he is massively grateful for that, and if it wasnt for that, I wouldnt be here, adding that Its not because Im trying to be more successful or as successful as what was going on before, because theres no comparison. He told The Fader that it wasnt actually about [being the biggest] anymore but It was more about the people that I reach. I want to reach them in the right way, and I want them to believe what Im saying. He added, I just want to make music now. Conception and influence In March 2015, Malik was seen at a London recording studio with producer Naughty Boy, leading to speculation of the pair working on music together. Following his departure from One Direction, Malik alluded to the potential of a solo career, with the release of his first solo studio album to be released under the Syco label in 2016. On 31 March 2015, Naughty Boy released on SoundCloud an early demo of Malik's song I Won't Mind. In June 2015, UK rapper Mic Righteous leaked Malik's No Type, featuring Mic Righteous and produced by Naughty Boy, a cover version of Rae Sremmurd's hip hop song. With Naughty Boy as his producer, Malik also worked with grime rappers Krept & Konan during this time, recording a song together with an unfinished music video, but the material was never released after Malik parted ways with Naughty Boy. Though unreleased, his work with Naughty Boy and Krept & Konan helped Malik gain a new urban audience in the UK. He stated musically the record leans towards R&B, and described his album as weird, alternative R&B, stating that It's all very sparse and random, and They're all kind of different thoughts. The music reflects that as well because they're different emotions, so you feel different things through each song. He also said it would incorporate different genres of music, such as soul, reggae, and an R&B-rock fusion, stating that all the songs are different genres, and that they don't really fit a specific type of music. They're not like, 'This is funk, this is soul, this is upbeat, this is a dance tune.' Nothing is like that. I don't really know what my style is yet. I'm kind of just showing what my influences are. Depending on what the reaction is, then I'll go somewhere with that. The album was influenced by the music that Malik grew up with, primarily his father's urban music records, including R&B artists R. Kelly, Usher, Donell Jones, and Prince, rappers Tupac and Biggie, and reggae artists Gregory Isaacs and Yellowman, as well as Bollywood music. He cited rapper Tupac's All Eyez on Me as the album that had the biggest impact on him, stating that it is so real, and from a perspective of a place where somebody is not afraid to be completely 100 percent honest. He said, as I grew up, it really helped me to understand that its OK to be honest with your art, because people appreciate that. In an interview with NME, Malik explained the album's title: It's really reflective of the whole experience that I want to give the listener. I wanted it to be almost like a brainstorm. Its just music and its just whatever youre feeling at that moment in time. Writing and recording Teasing what can be expected of his first solo LP, Malik told Billboard: once they [the fans] hear it, I feel like they will understand me a little bit more. For 10 years, this album has been in my brain, and it's just been there, sat with me, needing to be out. Talking about the recording sessions with Billboard, Malik's main collaborator for the album James Malay Ho said they have gone to unusual lengths in pursuit of inspiration, for one we went camping for a week in the Angeles Forest set up a generator and a tent so we could track in the woods. James Ho is a Grammy Award winning producer, whose past work includes Frank Ocean's Channel Orange and Big Boi's Sir Lucious Left Foot: The Son of Chico Dusty. I'll come down here [the recording room] and record maybe seven songs a night, Malik told the magazine. Im enjoying what Im doing. Im not censoring myself anymore. Ho described Malik as pure genius and noted that most of the vocals were recorded in just a few takes. According to Ho, Malik was heavily involved in every aspect of recording, stating that, Even if there were co-writers involved, all the direction for the songs and all the lyrics and everything pretty much came from him.<ref name=ew-making>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/25/zayn-malik-mind-of-mine-behind-scenes-malay-ho|title=Inside the making of Zayn Malik's debut album, Mind of Mine|work=Entertainment Weekly|author=Amanda Michelle Steiner|date=25 March 2016}}</ref> The song titles are rendered in a stylised manner, reminiscent of Prince. Malik said the stylized capitalization reflects the way he used to like capitalizing letters when he was at school. Malik said that, after his debut album releases, he plans to pursue an academic degree in English or literature which he originally intended before his music career, while at the same time working on writing his next album. Malik said that Pillowtalk was written about sex, stating that everybody has sex, and its something people wanna hear about. Its part of everybodys life, a very big part of life. And you dont want to sweep it under the carpet. It's You was inspired by the breakup of a relationship possibly from Little Mix's Perrie Edwards, with Malik stating, It was a form of therapy for me, and it did help me get through some personal issues, while he was writing it. According to Ho, Befour was conceived when he and Malik were in the VIP area of a Las Vegas club where Big Sean was performing in August 2015, and Malik said, It's crazy being here in Vegas. Ive literally been all over the world with One Direction. Ive done this before, but not like this. Not by myself, not this way, not here with the intention of working on my own music. The Qawwali Urdu song Flower was inspired by Malik's upbringing as a British Pakistani Muslim. Referencing the recording, Ho stated that Malik knows how to sing like that and hes always been able to do it, but he just never took it that seriously until one day he just picked up the mic and tracked that whole thing basically live, in one take. Ho said he was just blown away and didnt know he could sing like that, and that he told me he was in a super spiritual place, and that the saying is something one of his family members had told him that had always stuck to him. Ho said the session was like jazz where a singer will have a concept or a melody and then the rest of it is just improv. Malik sung and wrote one of the songs, Wrong, in collaboration with American R&B singer and songwriter Kehlani. According to Malik, he reached out to her, played a couple of songs for her in L.A. and she's really cool, she liked the music, so she got in the studio within a couple of days, she gave me a song back that she wanted me to do, and we just got it done straight away. Malik originally wrote Wrong as a rap, which he then used to create lyrics for the song. Fool for You is a pop ballad inspired by The Beatles, particularly John Lennon, citing the songs In My Life and the Indian-influenced Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds. Malik sang Lucozade in a freestyle manner and recorded the song in one take. Composition Music Primarily R&B album the album blends elements from a number of genres, including alternative R&B, pop, folk, soul including British soul and neo-soul, dub, funk, electronic, reggae, Qawwali ghazal, hip hop, classical, and soft rock. The album also channels different eras of music, including modern, retro, 1980s, and 1990s, while the moods of the album vary from slow ballads to thumping club jams. Despite the variations in the sounds and genres, Mind of Mine is structured in an album-as-complete-work form, maintaining a tightly knit cohesion throughout the record, with an almost seamless transition between and across songs, while maintaining a recognizable, mostly downbeat, hazy tone throughout. This gives the album a continuous flow, and gives the impression that it all came from one person's mind. The album largely foregoes radio-friendly pop bangers in favour of sexy, seductive R&B that focuses on moods and textures and creating an alluring, provocative vibe, while maintaining an almost seamless cohesiveness throughout the record. The album showcases Malik's vocals, tackling different moods such as smitten, libidinous, and ethereal, and using vocal techniques such as intricately voiced chords and falsettos throughout the album, ornate vocal runs in Fool for You, vibrato in It's You, Qawwali singing in Flower, freestyle singing in Lucozade and reggae singing in Do Something Good. The music production is similarly detailed, complex, and deeply textured, ranging from elaborate synth swirls in She to the careful layering of soft-funk guitar lines in Borderz. There is sonic experimentation present throughout the album, experimenting with elements such as the minimal and moody tones of contemporary R&B, reverberated funk guitar, M83-esque electronics, and soft rock drums and piano. Songs The opening title track Mind of Mine involves Malik's voice warbling plaintively through a fog of effects, with his voice drenched in reverb and backed by a piano, and it has some Bollywood music elements. The track seamlessly transitions into the lead single Pillowtalk. Pillowtalk is a downtempo electronic R&B slow jam, leaning towards alternative R&B. It's You is a slow R&B intimate ballad that showcases Malik's falsetto as he sings the song's title during the chorus. Befour was described by Rolling Stone as smooth R&B and NME described it as an R&B ballad. Music Times said it combines R&B, synthpop, and soul, and AXS said it uses tribal percussion and ringing synths. AXS calls it an experimental and assertive slice of R&B with personal lyrics addressing his past and detractors all at once. New Statesman says it is tightly-constructed and slickly-produced and includes one of Malik's vocal hallmarks, a long and impossibly high note. Billboard states that Zayn channels his inner Justin Timberlake with the song. She is a self-described party tune that is not as intense lyrically as some of the other cuts. Herald Sun noted its funky groove recalls Timberlake's Justified and Michael Jackson's Off the Wall. It incorporates 1980s synth sounds, and an experimental hip hop outro that blends into the next track, the R&B track Drunk. Drunk incorporates elements from 1990s R&B music. Flower is an experimental interlude, in the form of a spiritual, Pakistani ghazal that Malik sings in Urdu, his father's native language, backed by Ho's folk-style acoustic guitar playing and atmospheric sounds resembling a thick mist. Qawwali is a form of devotional Sufi music associated with Islamic culture, and Malik used Indian techniques for the track, including vocal elisions, warbling, and deeply centered but controlled fervor. Flower was influenced by Indian Music, music his father used to play in his home. Rear View features electronic loops and warbled synths stacked atop of each other, as Malik's vocals echo throughout the chorus. Wrong incorporates elements from early 2000s R&B music. Fool for You is a Beatles-influenced pop ballad, which Malik says was influenced by John Lennon in particular. It is a retro piano ballad, with some electronic elements. Truth is an experimental neo-soul track with dub elements, and is mellow and low-key. Lucozade is a chorus-less song, lacking a hook, and has Malik singing a set of stream-of consciousness verses, in a manner similar to hip hop. Malik sings the verses continuously, almost without pause, like a train of thought, before ending abruptly. The song also utilises 1980s synth sounds. Blue uses a classical piece, Johann Sebastian Bach's Prelude No. 1 in C major, as background music. Do Something Good is a reggae song, reminiscent of Bob Marley. Like I Would was described by Billboard as a dancefloor-ready R&B jam and The Independent described it as electro-R&B. It incorporates a funky hook, and disco grooves. Lyrics The lyrics explore a number of themes, including bliss, desire, frustration, love, lust, and sadness. The songs explore different soundscapes and subject matter, but each song serves a purpose, to establish an aspect of Malik's identity. Rather than being autobiographical, the lyrics focus on moments, sensations and experiences. There is an emphasis on the complexity of human relationships, with love and sexuality being a particular thematic focus for many songs. For love songs, roughly 60 are about falling in love, while roughly 40 are about falling out of love, with the lyrics depicting the subject in a complex grey manner. Sexual songs such as Pillowtalk, Wrong and TiO forego innuendo in favour of outright sexual boldness. The title track Mind of Mine acts as a fly-in introduction and a warm welcome to Maliks mind. It's You has self-reflective lyrics, expressing somewhat bitter sentiment, touching on a love that is pain, and was inspired by the breakup of a relationship. Befour addresses both his past and his detractors at the same time, including his past as a working class teenager in Bradford which the music video is based on, his former band, and the scrutiny of his detractors. She features a female protagonist that has not loved or been loved in the right way. Drunk highlights the album's recurring theme of emotionally labile intoxicated love, which is a common theme in Islamic poetry. The Urdu lyrics of Flower is romantic, it translates to Until the flower of this love has blossomed, this heart won't be at peace, give me your heart. Rear View appears to reference his former band but viewing himself as part of the problem as he is tired of looking at himself in the metaphorical rearview and expresses some doubt. Wrong is about looking in the wrong place for love. Fool for You depicts Malik as someone destined to return to the same woman forever, regardless of how tainted their love becomes. The confessional lyrics of Truth appears to reference Malik's former band. Lucozade has Malik singing a set of stream-of consciousness verses, which include references to the Lucozade energy drink and appear to involve a Rimbaudian state of poetic derangement of the senses in order to tap into the subconscious. TiO uses metaphorical lyrics, such as metaphorical walls built around one's heart. Release and promotion In his first solo on-camera interview with Zane Lowe for Apple Music's Beats 1, Malik revealed Mind of Mine as the album's title. The album, which released on 25 March 2016, includes 18 songs whittled down from 46 tracks that Malik wrote. The album's cover-art was revealed on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, on 17 February 2016, where he also premiered the album track It's You. The cover art, which uses a photo of Malik as a child, drew comparisons to Lil Wayne's album Tha Carter III, which he addressed stating my ideas have been with me a long time. The album was made available for pre-order on 25 February 2016, along with the digital release of the promotional single It's You and its music video the latter as an Apple Music exclusive. The same day saw the release of Pillowtalk Lil Wayne Remix featuring American rapper Lil Wayne; it is a hip hop remix, with rapping by Lil Wayne along with rapping and rap-singing by Malik. The album was released on 25 March 2016, one year since his departure from One Direction. Malik's live preview of several songs from the album set a Periscope record, becoming the biggest Periscope stream by a musician. On 24 March 2016, Malik did his second solo performance on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. On 25 March 2016, he performed on the Honda Stage at the iHeartRadio Theater in New York City. The release party and show was streamed across iHeartMedia contemporary hit radio and rhythmic contemporary radio stations and websites, including iHeartRadio's Honda Stage website. Additionally, Malik graced the covers of several publications including Billboard, Complex and NME, and spoke about the album's recording process, his goals as a solo artist, as well as his artistic frustrations and limitations being in One Direction. He was scheduled to perform at Wembley Stadium in London, England for Capital FM's Summertime Ball on 11 June 2016 and then headline a sold-out concert at the Autism Rocks Arena in Dubai on 7 October 2016, but cancelled on both occasions due to suffering from anxiety. Singles The album's lead single, Pillowtalk was released along with its accompanying music video on 29 January 2016, with favourable reviews from music critics. The single debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100; on the latter, it became the 25th song to debut at number one, making him the first UK artist to debut at number one on the Hot 100 with a first charted single. It also debuted at number one in a number of other countries, including Australia, Canada and Ireland. The album's second single, Like I Would was first released as a promotional single on 10 March 2016. It was listed as one of the best songs of the week by Digital Spy, The Fader, and USA Today. It was serviced to US contemporary hit radio on 24 May 2016. Wrong impacted US rhythmic contemporary radio stations on 7 June 2016 as the third single. The track features guest vocals from American R&B singer Kehlani. It later impacted US urban contemporary radio on 28 June 2016. Promotional singles It's You was released as the album's promotional single on 25 February 2016, along with its music video. In the United Kingdom, it debuted at number 48 on the Singles Chart, number 9 on the R&B Chart, and number 2 on the Asian Chart. In the United States, driven primarily by sales, It's You debuted at number 59 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 19 on the Digital Songs chart. It also received favourable reviews from music critics, both for the song particularly Malik's vocals and its music video. Stuff said It's You is up there with some of the best R'n'B releases in the last year. The song was also praised by Neil Tennant of the Pet Shop Boys. According to him, It's the most beautiful record. The album's second promotional single, Befour was released on 17 March 2016. The track was previously used as background music for Zayn Malik's The Fader Cover Star video in November 2015. It was listed as one of the best songs of the week by Entertainment Weekly, NPR, and Rolling Stone. It debuted at number 85 on the UK Singles Chart and number 16 on the UK R&B Chart. Its accompanying music video was released on 25 March 2016. The video was shot in Manchester's Miles Platting district, and dramatises what Malik's working class teenage life was like in Northern England, including scenes at a boxing club Malik used to do boxing before his music career, restaurant/pool hall, barber shop, parking lot, and fish and chips shop. It reached number 28 on the UK TV Airplay Chart. As of July 2016, the video has received more than 30 million views on YouTube. Critical reception Mind of Mine has received generally positive reviews from music critics. Metacritic indicates generally positive reviews, with a score of 69 out of 100, based on 21 reviews. Alicia Adejobi of International Business Times rated it 5 out of 5 stars, saying that it demonstrates Malik's strong vocals tackling different moods, slick production, infectious beats, sexually heightened lyrics and an insight into the singer's soul, concluding that Malik's foray into r'n'b feels natural. Glenn Gamboa rated it an A grade in Newsday and 4 out of 4 stars in AM New York, saying that Maliks brand of R&B bridges the gap between Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, and Justin Timberlake, but is clearly Maliks creation, one that may take him to unexpected new heights as he heads off in his own soulful direction. Troy Smith of Cleveland rated the album a B+ grade, stating that Malik has carved out his own niche, which he accomplishes thanks to cohesive production and a concise vision. Elijah Watson of Pigeons & Planes and Complex said it is more than a Timberlake-like rebrand, but rather the project displays a Malik that has always been present, but is finally getting the proper introduction he deserves. He praised the album's experimentation, stating that, like Ocean and Miguel, Malik is pushing into new territory both vocally and sonically. Dan Pardalis of Complex said that, lyrically, it is Malik's ability to vividly depict the reality of human relationships that asserts his move away from the kids' table. Andrew Milne of musicOMH called it a genre-blending bedroom confessional and a Soulful, sexy and captivating album that shows experimentation, honesty, passion and Malik's versatility and urge to explore. Sam Richards of NME referred to it as sexy, credible pop-R&B, comparable to a previous Malay production, Ocean's Channel Orange, while pointing to the dubby neo-soul of Truth as an example of Zayn developing his own personality, concluding that the album is sumptuously produced and perfectly sung, with just enough intrigue. Magdalen Jenne of PopMatters said underneath the wrapping this record is a brilliant, pulsing, living thing. Andy Gill of The Independent praised the sublime R&B beats and particularly Malik's vocals as by far the albums most potent aspect, bringing grace and wonder even to the more routine material, and hoisting the better songs to classic status, while viewing the Qawwali-style Flower as being culturally relevant in light of recent events, stating that the brief tracks beauty has the potential to open people's hearts to the broader aesthetic possibilities of cultures outside their usual experience. Michael Cuby of Flavorwire described its album-as-complete-work form as impressive and praised Malik's impeccably versatile voice across delightfully varied songs, the blend of Miguel's sexuality and Ocean's introspection with his own clear pop ambition, and the unique Flower which only he could execute properly. Edi Adegbola of Magnate Magazine called it an accomplished and well-produced piece of slick, provocative, and surprisingly mature alternative R&B, while pointing to the cultural relevance of Flower in light of recent events, noting that inter-cultural unity and solidarity like this are more relevant than ever. Mesfin Fekadu of Spartanburg Herald-Journal expressed surprise that Malik was a former One Direction member because of how different Mind of Mine sounds, stating that it shows Zayn has some true star quality and that there isn't a bad tune in the album. Lewis Corner of Digital Spy rated it 4 out of 5 stars, stating that he has genuinely put together a slick debut album that deserves success on its own merit. Richard He of Noisey and Vice gave it a positive review, stating that Zayn's brand of alternative R&B is carefully curated to exude maximum cool, that it is a more consistent listen than Bieber's Purpose, or even Beauty Behind the Madness, and that the songs are masterfully crafted with each element in perfect balance - lyrics, melody, production. Desire Thompson of Vibe gave it a positive review, calling it a pleasurable debut album where he's mastered the art of sexual slow jams and stating that the musical chemistry between Malik and Ho shines through. Lucas Villa of AXS rated it 4.5 out of 5, calling it raw, real and refreshingly cool. Alex Dansereau of Sputnikmusic described it as a great album where Malik finds his own niche inside an already crowded lane as he strikes a delicate balance between alt-R&B moodiness and pop earworms. Maeve McDermott of USA Today rated the album 3 out of 4 stars, praising Malik's sublime voice and stating that it succeeds as a catchy, sexy and fully modern take on contemporary R&B. Bill Brotherton of Boston Herald called it an ambitious, mature, modern R&B album and praised Malik's vocals as smoky, sensual and expressive. Christie Goodwin of Milwaukee Journal Sentinel said that Malik's falsetto has a subtle side not prevalent among Timberlake wannabes, and that Truth and Flower insinuate Mind-expanding possibilities. Ian Drew of Us Weekly rated it 3.5 out of 4 stars, saying it leaves One Direction in his dust. David Sackllah of Consequence of Sound compared it to Timberlake's Justified, and thought Zayn falls short. Alan Raible of ABC News rated it 3.5 out of 5 stars, saying it is much more compelling than anything his former band ever issued. Music Times gave it a positive review, with Jon Niles saying it reminds him of early Weeknd mixtapes and has lasting appeal, while Ryan Middleton said it is an impressive solo effort. Tim Sendra of AllMusic wrote that the sound of the album is rich and layered with synths, rubbery basslines, and occasional electric guitars and that he digs deeply into slow, sensual ballads and basically buries himself there like it was a big, fluffy blanket perfect for a midnight rendezvous while also commenting that while the songs are mostly strong and it all sounds very slick and state of the art, the highlight is Zayn's voice and that it's a treat to hear him on his own, with nobody else hogging the spotlight, ending the review by calling the album an impressive debut. Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly rated the album a B+, noting that many tracks conspicuously echo Oceans Californiacool ennui while adding that he doesnt sound particularly interested in pushing pops boundaries or dissecting the vagaries of his own fame. Michael Cragg of The Guardian opined that the sound hes chosen clipped beats, hazy production flourishes, oodles of falsetto as a shortcut for emotional honesty is basically 2016 writ large may seem bandwagon-jumping, but theres more than enough good stuff here to suggest its been created with love rather than with an eye on ticking boxes. Some reviews were less positive, with Brittany Spanos of Rolling Stone praising Malik's range and vocals, the immersive production, and unique experimental tracks such as the neo-soul Truth and hypnotic intermission Flower, but criticizing the album's overtly sexual lyrics. Brad Nelsen of Pitchfork, however was less complimentary about the album, noting that it lacked compelling hooks, a unifying mood, or a clear narrative. Alexa Camp of Slant gave it a mixed review, praising Malik's vocals and the music production, but criticizing the lyrics as pleasure-obsessed, vaguely misogynist, and largely disposable. Andrew Unterberger, writing for Spin, noted that the album never sounds less than great, but that Malik doesn't give us much reason to care about that Mind of His and that the songs are lacking in narrative. Year-end lists It was featured on multiple magazines and critics year end list of best record/album. DigitalSpy listed it at number 2 on its list, while Newsday ranked it at number 16. Commercial performance In the United Kingdom, Mind of Mine debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, with 22,250 copies sold, replacing Adele's 25 at the summit. The album set a UK streaming record, as the highest-streamed debut for a British male act. In its second week, it fell to number nine on the albums chart, selling 7,733 copies, and fell to number three on the album streaming chart. Overseas, the album entered at number one in New Zealand and Australia, making him the 26th English male solo artist to top the Australian Albums Chart. In France, it debuted at number three on the albums chart and number one on the albums download chart. The record also opened at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart with first week sales of 11,000 copies in the country. As a result, Zayn became the first artist since Yoan to enter at Canada's summit with a debut album. In the United States, Mind of Mine debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, shifting 157,000 album-equivalent units including album sales, equivalent track sales, and equivalent streams, including 112,000 pure album sales and 40.8 million streams, one of the highest weekly streaming figures for an album. Malik became the first British male solo artist to debut at number one with his first album, the first British male solo artist to reach number one with his first album since George Michael's Faith in 1988 which debuted at number 41 and took nine weeks to reach number one, the first UK act to debut at number one with their first album since his former group One Direction's Up All Night on the chart dated 31 March 2012, and the first UK act to debut at number one with their first album on both the Billboard 200 and the UK Albums Chart since Susan Boyle's I Dreamed a Dream in 2009. Malik is also one of a number of artists that have achieved number one both as part of a group and as a solo act, the first British male artist to debut at number one in both the UK and US, and the third artist to debut at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Hot 100 with debut entries on each chart along with Lauryn Hill and Clay Aiken. The album release propelled Malik to number one on the Billboard Artist 100 chart, replacing Justin Bieber at the summit, and surpassing One Direction's number-two peak on the chart. Mind of Mine subsequently sold 44,000 units the following week, and 31,000 units the week after, hence selling a total of 232,000 copies in the first three weeks.Mind of Mine set an iTunes record, becoming the first debut album to top the daily iTunes charts in more than 70 countries, having topped the daily iTunes charts of 84 countries within 24 hours of release. Mind of Mine'' also set a Twitter record, as the first album to top the Billboard Twitter Top Tracks chart for three straight weeks with three consecutive songs: It's You, Like I Would and Befour. Track listing Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. Notes Blue contains an interpolation of Prelude in C Major, composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. signifies an additional producer. signifies a vocal producer. signifies a co-producer. Personnel Vocals: Zayn Malik, Kehlani track 9 Producers: xyz tracks 1, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, Malay tracks 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, Levi Lennox tracks 2, 21, MakeYouKnowLove tracks 5, 14, Alan Sampson tracks 5, 6 Audio mixing: Anthony Kilhoffer tracks 1, 9, 10, 13, 18, Serban Ghenea tracks 2, 5, 14, 17, Manny Marroquin tracks 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, Malay track 15 Audio engineering: John Hanes tracks 2, 6, 14, 17 Audio recording: Henrique Andrade tracks 1, 9, 17, 18, Daniel Zaidenstadt tracks 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15, Zeke Mishanec tracks 2, 10, Malay tracks 4, 11, 12, 15, 16, David Phelan track 6, Salvador Waviest tracks 9, 17, 18, Paul Ping Pong Norris track 10, James Emerson track 10, Daniel Moyler track 10, Sean Kellett track 10, Jason Goldstein track 10, Steve Mandel track 10, Liam Nolan track 12, Keyboards and programming: James Griffin tracks 1, 9, 10, 13, 17, 18, 20, Salvador Waviest tracks 1, 9, 10, 13, 17, 18, 20, Chase Wells tracks 1, 9, 13, 17, 18, Kevin Rains tracks 1, 9, 10, 13, 17, 18, 20, James Emerson tracks 1, 9, 10, 13, 17, 18, 20, Malay tracks 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, Alan Sampson track 6 Guitar: Salvador Waviest tracks 1, 9, 10, 13, 17, 18, 20, Chase Wells tracks 1, 9, 10, 13, 17, 18, 20, James Emerson tracks 1, 9, 10, 13, 17, 18, 20, Joe Garrett track 2, Malay tracks 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, Alan Sampson track 6 Bass guitar: Malay tracks 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, Michael Hannides track 5, Alan Sampson tracks 5, 6, Al Carty track 10 Drums: Michael Hannides tracks 5, 14, Alan Sampson tracks 5, 6, Questlove track 10 Additional vocals: Michael Hannides tracks 2, 6, Anthony Hannides track 2, MakeYouKnowLove track 5, Elliott Skinner track 15 Piano: Levi Lennox track 2, Michael Hannides track 5, Alan Sampson tracks 5, 6, Brian London track 10, Conductor: Chuck Palmer track 3 String arrangement and orchestration: Dave Eggar track 3, Chuck Palmer track 3, Steve Wright track 10 Violin: Katie Kresek, Rachel Golub track 3, Reiad Chibah, Sarah Button track 10 Cello: Dave Eggar track 3, Louise Dearsley track 10 Triangle: Malay track 3 Charts Weekly charts Monthly charts Year-end charts Certifications Release history References External links Category:2016 debut albums Category:Albums produced by Malay record producer Category:RCA Records albums Category:Zayn Malik albums

El Cementerio de Cristóbal Colón, also called La Necrópolis de Cristóbal Colón, was founded in 1876 in the Vedado neighbourhood of Havana, Cuba to replace the Espada Cemetery in the Barrio de San Lázaro. Named for Christopher Columbus, the cemetery is noted for its many elaborately sculpted memorials. It is estimated the cemetery has more than 500 major mausoleums. Before the Espada Cemetery and the Colon Cemetery were built, interments took place in crypts at the various churches throughout Havana, for example, at the Havana Cathedral or the Iglesia del Espíritu Santo in Havana Vieja. Overview The Colon Cemetery is one of the most important cemeteries in the world and is generally held to be one of the most important in Latin America in historical and architectural terms, second only to La Recoleta in Buenos Aires. Prior to the opening of the Colon Cemetery, Havana's dead were laid to rest in the crypts of local churches and then, beginning in 1806, at Havana's newly opened Espada Cemetery located in the Barrio de San Lazaro and near the cove of Juan Guillen close to the San Lázaro Leper Hospital and the Casa de Beneficencia. When locals realized there would be a need for a larger space for their community for the deceased due to a cholera outbreak in 1868, planning began for the Colon Cemetery. The Colón is a Catholic cemetery and has elaborate monuments, tombs and statues by 19th and 20th century artists. Plots were assigned according to social class, and soon became a means for patrician families to display their wealth and power with ever more elaborate tombs and mausoleums. The north main entrance is marked by a gateway decorated with biblical reliefs and topped by a marble sculpture by José Vilalta Saavedra: Faith, Hope and Charity. Some of the most important and elaborate tombs lie between the main gate and the Capilla Central. The Monumento a los Bomberos Firemens Monument built by Spanish sculptor Agustín Querol and architect Julio M Zapata, commemorates the twenty eight firemen who died when a hardware shop in La Habana Vieja caught fire in 1890 In front of the main entrance, at the axes of the principal avenues Avenida Cristobal Colón, Obispo Espada and Obispo Fray Jacinto, stands the Central Chapel modelled on Il Duomo in Florence is the octagonal Capilla Central central chapel, the Capilla del Amor Chapel of Love, built by Juan Pedro Baró for his wife Catalina Laza. On every side rectangular streets lead geometrically to the cemeterys 50,000 hectares. The area of the cemetery is defined by rank and social status of the dead with distinct areas: priests, soldiers, brotherhoods, the wealthy, the poor, infants, victims of epidemics, pagans and the condemned. The best preserved and grandest tombs stand on or near the central avenues and their axes. With more than 800,000 graves and 1 million interments, space in the Colon Cemetery is currently at a premium and as such after three years remains are removed from their tombs, boxed and placed in a storage building. Yet for all its elegance and grandeur the Colon Cemetery conceals as much as it displays. Empty tombs and desecrated family chapels disfigure the stately march of Cuban family memorials even in the most prominent of the avenues, and away from the central cross-streets are in ruin. Many of these are the tombs of exiled families, whose problems with caring for their dead have been complicated by residency outside of Cuba since the Revolution of 1959. History María Argelia Vizcaino writes: The first stone was placed on October 30, 1871 and before its extension completed in 1934, it had a capacity of 504,458.22 square meters. Rectangular in shape as a Roman-Byzantine-style Roman camp, with sidewalks, streets and listed roads, facilitating access to the visitor, which in republican times was provided with a free map. Enrique Martínez y Martínez tells us in «Cuba Arquitectura y Urbanismo»: It was the most remarkable religious construction that was made in the city during the nineteenth century. The square located on the central street between the chapel and the huge doorway was called Christopher Columbus, because it was planned to erect a monument to the Discoverer next to the remains, which ironically never happened of the Cathedral of Havana, being the first bust erected throughout the continent 1828 and the only one that exists in the whole world with a beard. So the cemetery dedicated to the great Admiral, full of famous sculptures lacks one by which he was given his name. Architecture The Cementerio Colón measures 620 by 800 meters 122.5 acres. Designed by the Galician architect Calixto Arellano de Loira y Cardoso, a graduate of Madrids Royal Academy of Arts of San Fernando, became the Colóns first resident when he died and before his work was completed. It was built between 1871 and 1886, on former farm land. Laid out in a grid similar to El Vedado by numbered and lettered streets it becomes an urban microcosm of the city. The cemetery is laid out parallel to the last stretch of the Almendares river and against the grid of El Vedado. It is on the north axis, thus its main streets are on the four cardinal points of the compass. Symbolized by a Greek cross, it represents the four directions of the earth and the spread of the gospel to all directions as well as the four platonic elements. We find Greek crosses against a yellow background along the perimeter fence enclosing the cemetery, as well as part of the design diagram of the cemetery, which employs several Greek crosses at different scales thus forming an architectural tapestry. The main avenues, Avenida Cristobal Colón, Obispo Espada and Obispo Fray Jacinto, at six hundred by eight hundred meters, forms the first cross at the scale of the city red cross-areal photo. Interments The Colon Cemetery has a monument to the firefighters who lost their lives in the great fire of May 17, 1890. As baseball is a leading sport in Cuba, the cemetery has two monuments to baseball players from the Cuban League. The first was erected in 1942 and the second in 1951 for members of the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame. In February 1898, the recovered bodies of sailors who died on the United States Navy battleship Maine were interred in the Colon Cemetery. In December 1899 the bodies were disinterred and brought back to the United States for burial at Arlington National Cemetery. Also buried here are three British Commonwealth servicemen who are commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission; a Canadian Army officer of World War I, and a Royal Engineers officer and Royal Canadian Navy seaman of World War II. The remains of the casualties are located in the mausoleum of the Anglo-American Welfare Association, with the names inscribed on the central memorial which also forms the entrance to the underground ossuary. Notable interments Beatriz Allende 19431977, Chilean socialist politician, revolutionary and surgeon Santiago Álvarez 19191998, filmmaker Manuel Arteaga y Betancourt 18791963, Roman Catholic Cardinal Alberto Azoy ?1952, baseball manager Beatriz Azurduy Palacios 19522003, filmmaker Hubert de Blanck 18561932, composer William Lee Brent 19312006, Black Panther Party member José Raúl Capablanca 18881942, world chess champion Federico Capdevila 18451898, officer of the Spanish army who in 1871 defended Cuban students of medicine in court Alejo Carpentier 19041980, writer and musicologist Julián Castillo 18801948, baseball player Juan Chabás 19101954, author Eduardo Chibás 19071951, politician Ibrahim Ferrer 19272005, singer Candelaria Figueredo 18521914, patriot in the Cuban struggle for independence from Spain Carlos Finlay 18331915, physician and researcher José Miguel Gómez 18581921, president of Cuba Máximo Gómez 18361905, Dominican military hero Rubén González 19192003, pianist Nicolás Guillén 19021989, poet Nicolás Guillén Landrián 19382003, filmmaker and painter Tomás Gutiérrez Alea 19281996, filmmaker Harrison E. Havens 18371916, United States Congressman Alberto Korda 19282001, photographer Pío Leyva 19172006, singer José Lezama Lima 19101976, Cuban writer and poet Dulce María Loynaz 19021997, poet, novelist Dolf Luque 18901957, Major League Baseball starting pitcher Armando Marsans 18871960, Major League Baseball outfielder Rubén Martínez Villena 18991934, Cuban writer and revolutionary leader Mary McCarthy Gomez Cueto 19002009, Havana socialite, musician, impresario, and Roman Catholic philanthropist Angel D'Meza 1877-1954, Cuban League Baseball Player William Alexander Morgan 19281961, American adventurer, Grave Memorial 6392190elayo Cuervo Pelayo Cuervo Navarro Presidential Palace Attack, Havana Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino, 19362019, Roman Catholic Cardinal Fernando Ortiz 18811969, ethnomusicologist German Pinelli 19071996, journalist, actor Chano Pozo 19151948, musician, pioneer of Afro-Cuban jazz Juan Ríus Rivera 18481924, Puerto Rican military hero Guillermo Rubalcaba 19272015, pianist and bandleader Dr. Francisco Taquechel 18691955, notable doctor, founder 1898 and director of the Farmacia Taquechel, Old Havana Lola Rodríguez de Tió 18481924, Puerto Rican poet References External links Panoramic photo of the Colon Cemetery Mapa del cementerio Colon Necropolis Cristobal Colon Category:Religious buildings and structures in Havana Category:Cemeteries in Cuba Category:Museums in Havana Category:Buildings and structures in Havana Category:Tourist attractions in Havana

Carcione is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include: Imperio Carcione born 1982, Italian footballer Joe Carcione 19141988, American consumer advocate Category:Italian-language surnames

Greatest Hits Vol. 2 is the second compilation album by American country music singer Tom T. Hall released by Mercury in 1975. It reached #12 in the US country charts and was certified Gold by the RIAA. Track listing All tracks written by Tom T. Hall Side 1 Country Is - 2:09 I Love 2:06 The Little Lady Preacher - 2:53 Sneaky Snake 1:57 I Like Beer 2:52 Ravishing Ruby 2:28 Side 2 Old Dogs, Children and Watermelon Wine 4:09 Deal 2:30 Who's Gonna Feed Them Hogs 2:35 That Song Is Driving Me Crazy 3:08 I Care 2:01 Personnel Strings and Horn arrangements by Cam Mullins Vocal accompaniment by The Irwin Steinberg Aggregation Production Recorded at Mercury Custom Recording Studio, Nashville, Tennessee Producer: Jerry Kennedy Engineer: Tom Sparkman except Sneaky Snake and I Care engineered by Larry Rogers Album photography: Ed Caraeff at Fox Hollow, Franklin, Tennessee Album art direction: Jim Schubert Album design: Joe Kotleba References Category:1975 greatest hits albums Category:Mercury Records compilation albums Category:Tom T. Hall albums Category:Albums produced by Jerry Kennedy

Gamasellus bisetus is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae. References Category:Arachnids Category:Articles created by Qbugbot Category:Animals described in 1891

Below the Deadline is a 1929 American silent crime film directed by J.P. McGowan and starring Frank Leigh, Barbara Worth and Arthur Rankin. Cast Frank Leigh as Beau Nash Barbara Worth as Claire Byron Arthur Rankin as Jimmy Byron Walter Merrill as Donald Cornwall J.P. McGowan as Taggart Mike Donlin as Sandy Virginia Sale as Mother Biblow Lou Gory as Stella Bill Patton as Johnston Tiny Ward as Tubby Charles H. Hickman as Police Captain Fred Walton as Festenberg References Bibliography Michael R. Pitts. Poverty Row Studios, 1929-1940: An Illustrated History of 55 Independent Film Companies, with a Filmography for Each. McFarland & Company, 2005. External links Category:1929 films Category:1920s crime films Category:American films Category:American crime films Category:American silent feature films Category:English-language films Category:Chesterfield Pictures films Category:American black-and-white films

Eight Ball is a 1992 Australian film directed by Ray Argall. Plot A young architect, Charlie, meets Russell, who has just got out of prison. Production It was financed by the FFC and Film Victoria and was shot from 13 May to 28 June 1991. Argall says making the film was unsatisfactory: I spent too much time and put too much energy into making everybody else happy and doing the right thing by everybody else instead of doing the right thing by myself. There's a point where you need to actually focus on what is there. There were many elements of the storytelling that I could have focused on and developed, rather than just dropping and replacing them with something new, and it may have helped. The romance between the main character and his girlfriend - there was a great desire on the part of quite a few of the people who were financing it, to develop this and to make it a strong element. It's not a real strength of mine, and I did all that, but at the expense of other elements that were probably more in tune with the story that I originally had in mind. I developed those things but in the editing room we probably cut it down to what it was in the original script. References External links Eight Ball at Oz Movies Category:1992 films Category:Australian films Category:English-language films

Still Life with Cake is an early 19th century still life painting by Raphaelle Peale. Done in oil on canvas, the painting is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The work is on view in the Metropolitan Museum's Gallery 756. Description The painting has some similarities with Spanish still life paintings, which Peale may have been inspired by when he visited Mexico. Still Life with Cake as Still LifeWine, Cakes, Grapes, &c. References Category:1818 paintings Category:Paintings of the Metropolitan Museum of Art Category:Still life paintings

English actress Charlotte Rampling began her acting career in 1965. She has appeared in more than 110 films. Her film roles include Georgy Girl 1966, The Damned 1969, The Night Porter 1974, Farewell, My Lovely 1975, Stardust Memories 1980, The Verdict 1982, Angel Heart 1987, The Duchess 2008, 45 Years 2015, and Hannah 2017. She has also made television appearances, which include Dexter, Restless, Broadchurch and London Spy. Film Television Video games See also List of awards and nominations received by Charlotte Rampling External links Rampling, Charlotte

James Jimmy Lee Wall 1863 June 12, 1927 was an American actor and singer, best known as a comedian and minstrel. Wall was born in Toronto, Canada, to English parents. Raised in Minneapolis, Minnesota, he first performed in blackface in a school fundraiser. At age 17, he had his first paid performance in Minneapolis. Soon after, he left to begin his career in acting and singing. Career Wall worked as an entertainer for the next 46 years. He was an actor, singer, blackface comedian, and vaudeville entertainer. He performed throughout the United States, but especially in the American South. He performed with Lew Dockstader, George Primrose, Al G. Field, and for the Gus Hill and George Evans Minstrel company. Wall formed a partnership with Dan Quinlan named the Quinlan and Wall Imperial Minstrels, which performed in all of the Southern states. Considered one of the best minstrels in the United States, Wall wrote his own songs and composed his own music. In 1927, Wall lived in Saint Louis, Missouri with a relative. In May 1927, he traveled to Lexington, Kentucky, to play the horse races. Wall committed suicide in a Lexington hotel by shooting himself in the head. Wall was buried in Calvary Cemetery in Saint Louis. References Category:20th-century American comedians Category:Vaudeville performers Category:1863 births Category:1927 deaths Category:Blackface minstrel performers Category:American male comedians Category:Comedians from Toronto

Alfred James Luke 9 March 1871 11 September 1920 was a politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. Political life Alfred Luke was a member of the Rosalie Shire Council and its chairman from 1907-1910. Alfred Luke represented the electoral district of Aubigny in the Queensland Legislative Assembly from 27 April 1912 to 22 May 1915. He was elected in the 1912 Queensland state election. He stood for re-election in the 1915 Queensland state election but was defeated by Arthur Edward Moore. Luke died in 1920 and was buried in Drayton and Toowoomba Cemetery. References Category:Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly Category:Burials in Drayton and Toowoomba Cemetery Category:1871 births Category:1920 deaths

Morris William Travers, FRS 24 January 1872  25 August 1961 was an English chemist who worked with Sir William Ramsay in the discovery of xenon, neon and krypton. His work on several of the rare gases earned him the name Rare gas Travers in scientific circles. He was the founding director of the Indian Institute of Science. Early life Travers was born in Kensington, London, the son of William Travers MD, FRCS 1838-1906, an early pioneer of aseptic surgical techniques. His mother was Anne Pocock. Travers went to school at Ramsgate, Woking and Blundell's School. Career He then went to University College, where he began to work with Sir William Ramsay. Travers helped Ramsay to determine the properties of the newly discovered gases argon and helium. They also heated minerals and meteorites in the search for further gases, but found none. Then in 1898 they obtained a large quantity of liquid air and subjected it to fractional distillation. Spectral analysis of the least volatile fraction revealed the presence of krypton. They examined the argon fraction for a constituent of lower boiling point, and discovered neon. Finally xenon, occurring as an even less volatile companion to krypton, was identified spectroscopically. He knew the entire research story and wrote the biography of Sir William Ramsay in 1956 A life of Sir William Ramsay, K.C.B., F.R.S. In 1904 he became a professor at University College. In May 1904 he was selected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1901-1902 Ramsay had been asked to advise the Indian government on the founding of a science institute and the institute was established in Bangalore with the help of the Government of Mysore and JN Tata. Ramsay suggested Travers as a possible director for this institute and in 1906, Travers was appointed as the director of the new Indian Institute of Science. The aim was to build the institute along the lines of the Imperial College of Science and Technology but Travers had conflicts with the Tata family especially in the interpretation of clauses in JN Tata's will. The institute was started in June 1911 with four departments: General, Organic, and Applied Chemistry and Electrical Engineering. He returned to Britain at the outbreak of World War I and directed the manufacture of glass at Duroglass Limited. In 1920 he started a company with F W Clark called Travers and Clark Ltd. which was involved with high-temperature furnaces and fuel technology, including the gasification of coal. In 1927 he went back to Bristol as Honorary Professor in Applied Chemistry. Travers continued his researches in cryogenics and made the first accurate temperature measurements of liquid gases. He also helped to build several experimental liquid air plants in Europe. He died in Stroud, Gloucestershire. Publications The following is a partial list of publications: 1893. The preparation of acetylene from calcium carbide. Proc. Chem. Soc. p. 15. 1894. Metallic derivatives of acetylene. I. Mercuric acetylide. Trans. Chem. Soc. p. 264. 1895. With W. Ramsay and J. Norman Collie Helium, a constituent of certain minerals. Trans. Chem. Soc. p. 684. 1896-1897. Some experiments on helium. Proc. Roy. Soc. 60,449. 1898. The origin of the gases evolved on heating mineral substances, meteorites, etc. Proc. Roy. Soc. 64, 130. 1898. With W. Ramsay n a new constituent of atmospheric air [Krypton]. Proc. Roy. Soc. 63,405. 1901. The liquefaction of hydrogen. Phil. Mag. 6, 1,41 1. 1915. With N. M. Gupta and R. C. Ray. Some compounds of boron, hydrogen and oxygen. London: H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. 1918. On the firing of glass pots. Trans. Soc. Glass Tech. 2, 170. 1928. The complete gasification of coal for towns' gas. Trans. Soc. Chem. Ind. p. 203. 1934. On a new view of the covalent bond, and the formation of free radicals. Trans. Faraday Soc. 30, 100. 1956. The life of Sir William Ramsay. London: Arnold. References External links http://www.chem.ucl.ac.uk/resources/history/people/travers.html https://web.archive.org/web/20081023122248/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/biographies/MainBiographies/T/Travers/1.html The Experimental Study of Gases 1901 Category:1872 births Category:1961 deaths Category:English chemists Category:Directors of the Indian Institute of Science Category:People educated at Blundell's School Category:Fellows of the Royal Society Category:19th-century English people Category:19th-century British chemists Category:20th-century English people Category:20th-century British chemists Category:Neon Category:Krypton Category:Xenon

Ekra Sar , also Romanized as Ekrā Sar is a village in Jennat Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15, in six families. References Category:Populated places in Ramsar County

Kąty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Góra Kalwaria, south-east of Piaseczno, and south-east of Warsaw. References Category:Villages in Piaseczno County

William Saurin was an waterline length trimaran that was sailed across the Atlantic ocean in 1984. See also List of multihulls References Category:Trimarans Category:1980s sailing yachts

The Puente de San Martín is a medieval bridge across the river Tagus in Toledo, Spain. The Puente de San Martín features five arches, with the largest in the middle having a span of 40 metres. Only very few bridges in the world had reached that mark until then. History The bridge was constructed in the late 14th century by archbishop Pedro Tenorio to provide access to the old town from the west, complementing the older Puente de Alcántara linking to the east. Both sides of the bridge were heavily fortified with towers, the more recent dating from the 16th century. Legend A legend about the bridge is that Ildefonsus, the Metropolitan Bishop of Toledo, asked to be present at the inauguration of the bridge. When the architect was viewing the bridge the day before the bridge's inauguration he was horrified to notice that he had made a perilous miscalculation- the bridge would collapse once its supports were removed. He went home and told his wife that the bridge would collapse, with him on it and that he would be disgraced. That night while he slept his wife secretly made her way to the bridge and started a fire to ensure it would burn down. Her husband was saved from disgrace and the bridge was rebuilt without the original structural miscalculations. See also Other very large medieval bridges Puente del Diablo Martorell 37.3 m span Ponte della Maddalena 37.8 m span Nyons Bridge 40.53 m span Pont du Diable Céret 45.45 m span Castelvecchio Bridge 48.7 m span Pont Grand Tournon-sur-Rhône 49.2 m span Pont de Vieille-Brioude 54.2 m span Trezzo sull'Adda Bridge 72 m span References External links San Martin's Bridge Puente de San Martín Category:Pedestrian bridges in Spain San Martin San Martin San Martin Category:Bridges in Toledo, Spain Category:Stone arch bridges

In astronomy, superluminal motion is the apparently faster-than-light motion seen in some radio galaxies, BL Lac objects, quasars, blazars and recently also in some galactic sources called microquasars. Bursts of energy moving out along the relativistic jets emitted from these objects can have a proper motion that appears greater than the speed of light. All of these sources are thought to contain a black hole, responsible for the ejection of mass at high velocities. Light echoes can also produce apparent superluminal motion. Explanation This phenomenon is caused by the jets traveling very near the speed of light towards the observer. The angle is not necessarily very small with the line-of-sight as is commonly asserted. Because the high-velocity jets are emitting light at every point of their path, the light they emit does not approach the observer much more quickly than the jet itself. This causes the light emitted over hundreds of years of the jet's travel to not have hundreds of light-years of distance between its front end the earliest light emitted and its back end the latest light emitted; the complete light-train thus arrives at the observer over a much smaller time period ten or twenty years, giving the illusion of faster-than-light travel. This explanation depends on the jet making a sufficiently narrow angle with the observer's line-of-sight to explain the degree of superluminal motion seen in a particular case. Superluminal motion is often seen in two opposing jets, one moving away and one toward Earth. If Doppler shifts are observed in both sources, the velocity and the distance can be determined independently of other observations. Some contrary evidence As early as 1983, at the superluminal workshop held at Jodrell Bank Observatory, referring to the seven then-known superluminal jets, Schilizzi ... presented maps of arc-second resolution [showing the large-scale outer jets] ... which ... have revealed outer double structure in all but one 3C 273 of the known superluminal sources. An embarrassment is that the average projected size [on the sky] of the outer structure is no smaller than that of the normal radio-source population. In other words, the jets are evidently not, on average, close to our line-of-sight. Their apparent length would appear much shorter if they were. In 1993, Thomson et al. suggested that the outer jet of the quasar 3C 273 is nearly collinear to our line-of-sight. Superluminal motion of up to ~9.6c has been observed along the inner jet of this quasar. Superluminal motion of up to 6c has been observed in the inner parts of the jet of M87. To explain this in terms of the narrow-angle model, the jet must be no more than 19° from our line-of-sight. But evidence suggests that the jet is in fact at about 43° to our line-of-sight. The same group of scientists later revised that finding and argue in favour of a superluminal bulk movement in which the jet is embedded. Suggestions of turbulence and/or wide cones in the inner parts of the jets have been put forward to try to counter such problems, and there seems to be some evidence for this. Signal velocity The model identifies a difference between the information carried by the wave at its signal velocity c, and the information about the wave front's apparent rate of change of position. If a light pulse is envisaged in a wave guide glass tube moving across an observer's field of view, the pulse can only move at c through the guide. If that pulse is also directed towards the observer, he will receive that wave information, at c. If the wave guide is moved in the same direction as the pulse, the information on its position, passed to the observer as lateral emissions from the pulse, changes. He may see the rate of change of position as apparently representing motion faster than c when calculated, like the edge of a shadow across a curved surface. This is a different signal, containing different information, to the pulse and does not break the second postulate of special relativity. c is strictly maintained in all local fields. Derivation of the apparent velocity A relativistic jet coming out of the center of an active galactic nucleus is moving along AB with a velocity v. We are observing the jet from the point O. At time a light ray leaves the jet from point A and another ray leaves at time from point B. Observer at O receives the rays at time and respectively. The angle is small enough that the two distances marked can be considered equal. , where Apparent transverse velocity along , The apparent transverse velocity is maximal for angle is used , where If i.e. when velocity of jet is close to the velocity of light then despite the fact that . And of course means that the apparent transverse velocity along , the only velocity on the sky that we can measure, is larger than the velocity of light in vacuum, i.e. the motion is apparently superluminal. History Superluminal motion was first observed in 1902 by Jacobus Kapteyn in the ejecta of the nova GK Persei, which had exploded in 1901. His discovery was published in the German journal Astronomische Nachrichten, and received little attention from English-speaking astronomers until many decades later. In 1966 Martin Rees pointed out that an object moving relativistically in suitable directions may appear to a distant observer to have a transverse velocity much greater than the velocity of light. In 1969 and 1970 such sources were found as very distant astronomical radio sources, such as radio galaxies and quasars, and were called superluminal sources. The discovery was the result of a new technique called Very Long Baseline Interferometry, which allowed astronomers to set limits to the angular size of components and to determine positions to better than milli-arcseconds, and in particular to determine the change in positions on the sky, called proper motions, in a timespan of typically years. The apparent velocity is obtained by multiplying the observed proper motion by the distance, which could be up to 6 times the speed of light. In the introduction to a workshop on superluminal radio sources, Pearson and Zensus reported The first indications of changes in the structure of some sources were obtained by an American-Australian team in a series of transpacific VLBI observations between 1968 and 1970 Gubbay et al. 1969. Following the early experiments, they had realised the potential of the NASA tracking antennas for VLBI measurements and set up an interferometer operating between California and Australia. The change in the source visibility that they measured for 3C 279, combined with changes in total flux density, indicated that a component first seen in 1969 had reached a diameter of about 1 milliarcsecond, implying expansion at an apparent velocity of at least twice the speed of light. Aware of Rees's model, Moffet et al. 1972 concluded that their measurement presented evidence for relativistic expansion of this component. This interpretation, although by no means unique, was later confirmed, and in hindsight it seems fair to say that their experiment was the first interferometric measurement of superluminal expansion. In 1994, a galactic speed record was obtained with the discovery of a superluminal source in our own galaxy, the cosmic x-ray source GRS 1915+105. The expansion occurred on a much shorter timescale. Several separate blobs were seen to expand in pairs within weeks by typically 0.5 arcsec. Because of the analogy with quasars, this source was called a microquasar. See also Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray Faster-than-light Superluminal communication Quantum entanglement Notes External links A more detailed explanation. A mathematical deduction of superluminal motion. Superluminal motion Flash Applet. Category:Astrophysics

Terry Wheeler born 13 March 1955 is a former Australian rules footballer who played for and coached Footscray in the Australian Football League. Wheeler played as a defender during his 157-game career for Footscray from 1974 to 1983. The following season he joined VFA club Williamstown as captain-coach. In five seasons with Williamstown, Wheeler played 94 games, and he led the club to a premiership in 1986 and to Grand Finals in 1985 and 1988. His presence, coupled with that of enthusiastic president Tony Hannebery, was considered critical to attracting big-name players like Barry Round and Tony Pastore to Williamstown, and to the revival of the club during the 1980s after an indifferent decade during the 1970s. He was appointed to the position of assistant coach to Mick Malthouse at Footscray in 1989. Malthouse left shortly after the season, and shortly before merger between and to form the Fitzroy Bulldogs was announced. Footscray supporters began to fight the merger in court, and on 8 October, Wheeler was appointed senior coach of Footscray for 1990, even though it was not certain there would be a team for him to coach. He was active in the campaign against the merger, which was ultimately defeated on 23 October when the supporters raised enough money and sponsorship to make the club viable. With twelve wins in 1990 he took Footscray close to a finals spot in his first year at the helm. In 1992 they finished second after the home-and-away season, only missing out on the minor premiership by percentage. They however failed to make the premiership decider after losing in the preliminary final to Geelong, but Wheeler was named as coach of the All-Australian Team. He was sacked in the early stages of the 1994 season following an 88-point loss to Geelong. References External links Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria Australia Category:Western Bulldogs players Category:Western Bulldogs coaches Category:Williamstown Football Club players Category:Williamstown Football Club coaches Category:All-Australian coaches

Mut is an ancient Egyptian mother goddess. Mut may also refer to: Mut political party, in Germany Precinct of Mut, Egypt Mut, Mersin, a district of Mersin Province, Turkey Mut Castle, a castle in the area Mut Wind Farm, a wind power plant in the area MUT may also refer to: Mangosuthu University of Technology, in Durban, South Africa Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, a mitochondrial enzyme MUT zinc finger protein, a synthetic zinc finger protein Mauritius Time, a time zone used in Mauritius MultiUser Talk, an obsolete BBS chat program Military University of Technology in Warsaw Manar University of Tripoli, in Lebanon See also MTU disambiguation Mutt disambiguation Mixed-breed dog properly spelled as mutt

Antonio Botta 10 December 1896 - 10 May 1969 was a Spanish language dramatist and screenwriter. He was born in Brazil, but it was in Argentina that he built his career and made his name. Biography Antonio Botta was born in the Brazilian city of São Paulo. His first important premier came in 1926 with Falucho, a one-act musical drama vignette, performed at the Porteño Theatre Teatro Porteño in Buenos Aires by the Luis Arata company. Further scripts quickly followed. Stage directors and theatre impresarios with whom he worked included his brother, Américo Botta, Luis César Amadori, Ivo Pelay, José González Castillo, Elías Alippi, Carlos Osorio and Antonio De Bassi. There were also musical collaborations with Antonio and Arturo de Bassi, Francisco Lomuto and Francisco Canaro. Several of Botta's film scripts were co-written with the Italian-born Argentinian Luis César Amadori who then went on to direct the resulting film himself. One relatively early result of that process was Puerto nuevo film, a tango musical film drama film which had its first showings in a cinema in a Buenos Aires slum quarter Villa Miseria. Three years later, in 1939, Botta himself tried his hand at directing, with his production of Bartolo tenía una flauta loosely, Bartolo had a flute, starring Luis Sandrini. Antonio Botta also wrote a number of radio plays and several songs. He teamed up with the composer-musician Francisco Lomuto to write a number of works, such as the song Si soy así loosely, Yes, that's how I am, a slinky tangoesque song of celebration addressed to all women, regardless of age or marital status. The composition caught the spirit of the age: the well known tango performer Carlos Gardel made a recording. Another particularly successful collaboration by Botta and Lomuto, albeit with a very different spirit and them, as La canción del deporte loosely, The song of sports. In 1947 Antonio Botta and Francisco undertook a successful tour of Spain together. Output Stage works Films Other song lyrics etc. References Category:Argentine dramatists and playwrights Category:Argentine screenwriters Category:People from São Paulo Category:People from Buenos Aires Category:1896 births Category:1969 deaths

Marcela Menezes born 8 June 1986 was a Brazilian group rhythmic gymnast. She represented her nation at international competitions. She participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She also competed at world championships, including at the 2007 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships. References External links http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/me/marcela-menezes-1.html Category:1986 births Category:Living people Category:Brazilian rhythmic gymnasts Category:Place of birth missing living people Category:Gymnasts at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic gymnasts of Brazil Category:Pan American Games medalists in gymnastics Category:Pan American Games gold medalists for Brazil Category:South American Games gold medalists for Brazil Category:South American Games medalists in gymnastics Category:Gymnasts at the 2007 Pan American Games Category:Competitors at the 2006 South American Games

Traffic classification is an automated process which categorises computer network traffic according to various parameters for example, based on port number or protocol into a number of traffic classes. Each resulting traffic class can be treated differently in order to differentiate the service implied for the data generator or consumer. Typical uses Packets are classified to be differently processed by the network scheduler. Upon classifying a traffic flow using a particular protocol, a predetermined policy can be applied to it and other flows to either guarantee a certain quality as with VoIP or media streaming service or to provide best-effort delivery. This may be applied at the ingress point the point at which traffic enters the network with a granularity that allows traffic management mechanisms to separate traffic into individual flows and queue, police and shape them differently. Classification methods Classification is achieved by various means. Port numbers Fast Low resource-consuming Supported by many network devices Does not implement the application-layer payload, so it does not compromise the users' privacy Useful only for the applications and services, which use fixed port numbers Easy to cheat by changing the port number in the system Deep Packet Inspection Inspects the actual payload of the packet Detects the applications and services regardless of the port number, on which they operate Lack support for many applications, as Skype, which is badly supported by most classifiers Slow Requires a lot of processing power Signatures must be kept up to date, as the applications change very frequently Encryption makes in many cases this method impossible Matching bit patterns of data to those of known protocols is a simple, yet widely used technique. An example to match the BitTorrent protocol handshaking phase would be a check to see if a packet began with character 19 which was then followed by the 19-byte string 'BitTorrent protocol'. A comprehensive comparison of various network traffic classifiers, which depend on Deep Packet Inspection PACE, OpenDPI, 4 different configurations of L7-filter, NDPI, Libprotoident, and Cisco NBAR, is shown in the Independent Comparison of Popular DPI Tools for Traffic Classification. Statistical classification Relies on statistical analysis of attributes such as byte frequencies, packet sizes and packet inter-arrival times. Very often uses Machine Learning Algorithms, as K-Means, Naive Bayes Filter, C4.5, C5.0, J48, or Random Forest Fast technique compared to deep packet inspection classification It can detect the class of yet unknown applications Implementation Both, the Linux network scheduler and Netfilter contain logic to identify and mark or classify network packets. Typical traffic classes Operators often distinguish three broad types of network traffic: Sensitive, Best-Effort, and Undesired. Sensitive traffic Sensitive traffic is traffic the operator has an expectation to deliver on time. This includes VoIP, online gaming, video conferencing, and web browsing. Traffic management schemes are typically tailored in such a way that the quality of service of these selected uses is guaranteed, or at least prioritized over other classes of traffic. This can be accomplished by the absence of shaping for this traffic class, or by prioritizing sensitive traffic above other classes. Best-effort traffic Best effort traffic is all other kinds of non-detrimental traffic. This is traffic that the ISP deems isn't sensitive to Quality of Service metrics jitter, packet loss, latency. A typical example would be peer-to-peer and email applications. Traffic management schemes are generally tailored so best-effort traffic gets what is left after sensitive traffic. Undesired traffic This category is generally limited to the delivery of spam and traffic created by worms, botnets, and other malicious attacks. In some networks, this definition can include such traffic as non-local VoIP for example, Skype or video streaming services to protect the market for the 'in-house' services of the same type. In these cases, traffic classification mechanisms identify this traffic, allowing the network operator to either block this traffic entirely, or severely hamper its operation. File sharing Peer-to-peer file sharing applications are often designed to use any and all available bandwidth which impacts QoS-sensitive applications like online gaming that use comparatively small amounts of bandwidth. P2P programs can also suffer from download strategy inefficiencies, namely downloading files from any available peer, regardless of link cost. The applications use ICMP and regular HTTP traffic to discover servers and download directories of available files. In 2002, Sandvine Incorporated determined, through traffic analysis, that P2P traffic accounted for up to 60 of traffic on most networks. This shows, in contrast to previous studies and forecasts, that P2P has become mainstream. P2P protocols can and are often designed so that the resulting packets are harder to identify to avoid detection by traffic classifiers, and with enough robustness that they do not depend on specific QoS properties in the network in-order packet delivery, jitter, etc. - typically this is achieved through increased buffering and reliable transport, with the user experiencing increased download time as a result. The encrypted BitTorrent protocol does for example rely on obfuscation and randomized packet sizes in order to avoid identification. File sharing traffic can be appropriately classified as Best-Effort traffic. At peak times when sensitive traffic is at its height, download speeds will decrease. However, since P2P downloads are often background activities, it affects the subscriber experience little, so long as the download speeds increase to their full potential when all other subscribers hang up their VoIP phones. Exceptions are real-time P2P VoIP and P2P video streaming services who need permanent QoS and use excessive overhead and parity traffic to enforce this as far as possible. Some P2P applications can be configured to act as self-limiting sources, serving as a traffic shaper configured to the user's as opposed to the network operator's traffic specification. Some vendors advocate managing clients rather than specific protocols, particularly for ISPs. By managing per-client that is, per customer, if the client chooses to use their fair share of the bandwidth running P2P applications, they can do so, but if their application is abusive, they only clog their own bandwidth and cannot affect the bandwidth used by other customers. References Category:Network performance

The Äskulapstein Aesculapius stone is a Roman votive stone which was found in the sixteenth century at Godesburg. Today it is kept in the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn. Description and history The stone must have served as a consecrated altar. It was made from Drachenfels trachyte, is 110 cm high, 65 cm wide and 39 cm deep and its inscription reads: Thus the stone is dedicated to the healing gods Aesculapius and Hygieia. The donor of the stone, Quintus Venidius Rufus Marius Maximus Lucius Calvinianus had served as legatus in the Legio I Minervia and was at the time of the donation legatus pro praetore or governor of Cilicia. He is also mentioned in an inscription from the year 198, with the title Legatus Augusti pro Praetore praeses provinciae Syriae Phoenic[iae] Imperial legatus of Praetorian rank protecting the province of Syria Phoenicia. In 1868, J. Freudenberg concluded from this votive stone for healing gods that already the Romans visited Godesberg, not just for its commanding and healthy setting, but also for the Draischbrunnen and Sauerbrunnen, used as watering holes, and perhaps even for cold water baths. He said this was confirmed by the discovery of remains of a Roman enclosure at the Draischbrunnen. Johanna Schopenhauer had suggested something similar already in 1828, saying an ancient Roman votive stone dedicated to Aesculapius which was found at Godesberg in the sixteenth century and is now in Bonn in the museum of Rhineland and Westphalian antiquities, indicates that the Romans were already aware of the healing waters at Godesburg which may well have been as significant then as in our own day. This theory has also been accepted in more recent scholarship: according to Tanja Potthoff, it is not clear whether the stone was incorporated into the wall of the castle after being found in the rubble when it collapsed in 1583 or was found near the current springs. Potthoff nevertheless assumes that it belonged to an otherwise unknown Roman healing spring located at or near Godesburg. The Godesburg was preceded by a building from the third or fourth century; a Burgus with foundations, in which Roman concrete was used. Remains of this rectangular building survive at the base of the medieval bergfried. What purpose this building served is unknown, but according to the positions mentioned above, the Äskulapstein is an argument in favour of a sacral purpose. But since the stone is clearly older than the building remains, this is not very strong evidence. Another theory sees the remains as a Roman watchtower. A copy of the stone is displayed at Godesburg. Bibliography Alfred Wiedemann. Geschichte Godesbergs und seiner Umgebung, Bad Godesberg 1930, pp. 56. Walter Haentjes. Der Aeskulapstein von der Godesburg, in Godesberger Heimatblätter 17, 1979, pp. 515. References Category:2nd-century works Category:Archaeological discoveries in Germany Category:Roman religion inscriptions Category:Asclepius Category:16th-century archaeological discoveries

Ethan Christopher Finlay born August 6, 1990 is an American soccer player currently playing as a winger for Minnesota United in Major League Soccer. Career College and amateur Finlay played college soccer at Creighton University between 2008 and 2011. Ethan finished his career in the top 5 all time in Bluejay scoring, and leading the Bluejays to the 2011 NCAA Final Four in Alabama. During his time at Creighton, Finlay was a M.A.C. Hermann Trophy finalist 3, finishing second in the voting for College Soccer's player of the Year award in 2012, the first ever player from Wisconsin to be a finalist for college soccer's most prestigious honor. Finlay was a NSCAA All-American First Team 2011, NSCA Academic National player of the Year 2011, College Soccer News All-American First Team 2011 and was Missouri Valley Conference Player of the Year in 2010 and 2011. Finlay was elected as the Fred Ware Award winner in 2011 as Nebraska's College Athlete of the Year. Professional Columbus Crew selected Finlay in the first round No. 10 overall of the 2012 MLS SuperDraft. Finlay made his debut during a 20 loss at Colorado Rapids, coming on as a first-half substitute for the injured Dilly Duka in the 12th minute on March 10, 2012. Ethan scored his first MLS goal vs the Portland Timbers in a 33 tie in May 2014. Finlay had a breakout year in the 2015 Major League Soccer season, finishing the season with 10 goals and 13 assists On August 9, 2017, Finlay was traded to Minnesota United in exchange for $100,000 in Targeted Allocation Money for the 2017 Major League Soccer season, $250,000 in Target Allocation Money for the 2018 MLS season and $75,000 in General Allocation Money for the 2018 MLS season. International Finlay made his international debut for the United States men's national soccer team on January 31, 2016, in an international friendly against Iceland. In his second game with United States men's national soccer team, Finlay recorded an assist on the USA's game-winning goal against Canada. Finlay was eligible to represent the United States, his country of birth, or Canada, through his Canadian father. He was cap-tied for the United States in the March 29, 2016, qualifier versus Guatemala. Career statistics References External links Category:1990 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Duluth, Minnesota Category:People from Marshfield, Wisconsin Category:American people of Canadian descent Category:American soccer players Category:Creighton Bluejays men's soccer players Category:Chicago Fire U-23 players Category:Columbus Crew SC players Category:Minnesota United FC players Category:Association football forwards Category:Soccer players from Wisconsin Category:Columbus Crew SC draft picks Category:USL League Two players Category:Major League Soccer players Category:Major League Soccer All-Stars Category:United States men's international soccer players Category:All-American men's college soccer players

The 194647 season was the 67th season of competitive football by Rangers. Overview Rangers played a total of 43 competitive matches during the 194647 season. This was the first official season played since the end of the Second World War. The club played in the Scottish League Division One and won the championship with 46 points. The club played in the first ever League Cup this season, beating Aberdeen 40 in the final with Jimmy Duncanson netting a brace. The Scottish Cup campaign was less of a success as the club was knocked out in the second round by Hibernian. Results All results are written with Rangers' score first. Scottish League Division One Scottish Cup League Cup Appearances See also 194647 in Scottish football 194647 Scottish Cup 194647 Scottish League Cup Category:Rangers F.C. seasons Rangers Category:Scottish football championship-winning seasons

This is a list of public art in Detroit. This list applies only to works of public art accessible in an outdoor public space. For example, this does not include artwork visible inside a museum. Additional works can be found at: Smithsonian American Art Museum, Art Inventories Catalog - database for Detroit The Detroit Museum of Public Art - An catalog of Detroit sculptures and murals. Selected artworks Further reading Herron, Jerry et al. Connecting the Dots: Tyree Guyton's Heidelberg Project. Wayne State University Press, 2007. Nawrocki, Dennis Alan. Art in Detroit Public Places. Wayne State University Press, 2008. References Category:Art in Michigan Public art Public art Detroit Category:Michigan culture Category:Public art in Michigan

Kings Point is a census-designated place CDP in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The population was 12,207 at the 2000 census. Geography Kings Point is located at 26.446044, -80.139715. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.7 km² 1.8 mi², all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 12,207 people, 7,998 households, and 3,599 families living in the CDP. The population density was 2,589.6/km² 6,698.5/mi². There were 10,494 housing units at an average density of 2,226.2/km² 5,758.5/mi². The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.10 White 98.1 were non-Hispanic white, 0.27 African American, 0.04 Native American, 0.18 Asian, 0.01 Pacific Islander, 0.08 from other races, and 0.32 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.13 of the population. There were 7,998 households, out of which 0.1 had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0 were married couples living together, 2.2 had a female householder with no husband present, and 55.0 were non-families. 52.2 of all households were made up of individuals and 47.6 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.51 and the average family size was 2.05. Of the residents, 0.2 were under the age of 18, 0.2 were 18 to 24, 1.8 were 25 to 44, 9.6 were 45 to 64, and 88.1 were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 78 years. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 67.0 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $25,010, and the median income for a family was $34,761. Males had a median income of $35,275 versus $25,714 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,893. About 4.0 of families and 7.4 of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 7.0 of those age 65 or over. As of 2000, English was the first language for 87.54 of all residents, while Yiddish accounted for 7.06, Italian 1.14, Spanish 0.85, German 0.69, and Hungarian 0.53 of the population. See also Kings Point, an Oscar-nominated documentary about seniors living in Kings Point References Category:Former census-designated places in Palm Beach County, Florida Category:Former census-designated places in Florida

Discogobio tetrabarbatus is a fish species in the genus Discogobio endemic to sections of the Pearl River in China. References External links Category:Cyprinid fish of Asia Category:Fish described in 1931 Category:Discogobio

The Lafari Party is a political party in the Solomon Islands, which was founded in 2005. At the legislative elections on 5 April 2006, the party won 2.8 of the vote and 2 out of 50 seats. References Category:Political parties in the Solomon Islands

Guinea competed at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics in London, Great Britain, from 413 August 2017. Results q qualified, NM no mark, SB season best Men Track and road events References Category:Nations at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics World Championships in Athletics Category:Guinea at the World Championships in Athletics

Ab 18 [Over 18] is the sixth album by Die Ärzte. It is an EP compilation of which three songs were put in the German List of Media Harmful to Young People. The album was indexed on December 10. The indexed songs were, at the time, Geschwisterliebe, Claudia hat 'nen Schäferhund and Schlaflied. By now - February 2012, only Geschwisterliebe is in the index. The album Ab 18 includes, among other things, the songs Geschwisterliebe and Claudia hat 'nen Schäferhund which were indexed at the time of the release of the album and Schlaflied. Another previously released song on the record was Sweet Sweet Gwendoline, which already appeared on Die Ärzte and was not indexed. However, it was controversial because of the glorification of sadomasochism. New songs include Sie kratzt, sie stinkt sie klebt and Claudia II, the sequel to Claudia hat nen Schäferhund. Another song was Helmut K., which claimed that Helmut Kohl tyrannized his wife and about which it was later falsely stated that it had been banned in Bavaria. After the suicide of Hannelore Kohl In 2001, Die Ärzte distanced themselves from the song Helmut K. and no longer played it for a few years at their concerts until it was taken back into the set on 29 December 2006 at the concert in SO36 in Berlin. The album Ab 18 was indexed on 31 October 1987. However, Die Ärzte had anticipated this move by the Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young People and had a sticker put on the CD with the label This CD may not be advertized and made available to young people for reasons of Youth Protection. The inner cover itself was indexed on 31 December 1987 as well. In the track list of the LP in the first edition there was a spelling mistake: Gwendoline was written with y instead of i. This was corrected in the second edition. The album, despite its indexing, reached position 33 in the German album charts. There were no single releases of any of the songs on this album. Track listing Sie kratzt, sie stinkt, sie klebt [She scratches, she stinks, she sticks] Urlaub/Urlaub  2:31 Geschwisterliebe [Sibling love Urlaub/Urlaub  4:11 Helmut K. Felsenheimer, Liebing, Urlaub/Felsenheimer, Liebing, Urlaub  2:34 Claudia hat 'nen Schäferhund [Claudia has a German shepherd] Urlaub/Urlaub  2:00 Claudia II Urlaub/Urlaub  2:30 Sweet Sweet Gwendoline Urlaub/Urlaub  2:55 Schlaflied [Lullaby Urlaub/Urlaub  4:30 Song information Tracks 1, 3, 5: new Tracks 2, 6: from Die Ärzte Tracks 4, 7: from Debil Themes Sie kratzt, sie stinkt, sie klebt is sung from the perspective of a man who is in love with a disgusting girl. Geschwisterliebe is about incest between siblings. Helmut K. depicts Helmut Kohl as a wife-beater, stating that he is just a man like every other. Claudia hat 'nen Schäferhund is about zoophilia, between a woman and a dog. Claudia II is the sequel to Claudia hat 'nen Schäferhund; now Claudia has a horse. There is also a third song, found on Live  Nach uns die Sintflut and Das Beste von kurz nach früher bis jetze, where Claudia tries with a man, but fails, ending up with a humpback whale. Sweet Sweet Gwendoline is about bondage; the title is from the Sweet Gwendoline comic series; Gwendoline is also Die Ärzte's mascot; the song features lines at the beginning and in the end, which were not on the Die Ärzte version. Schlaflied is about a monster coming and eating you after you fall asleep. Personnel Farin Urlaub  guitar, vocals Bela Felsenheimer  drums, vocals Hagen Liebing  bass guitar on 1, 3, 5 Hans Runge  bass guitar on 4, 7 Manne Praeker  bass guitar on 2, 6 Charts References Category:Die Ärzte compilation albums Category:1987 compilation albums

John E. Floyd born May 6, 1937, in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan is a Canadian economist and member of the University of Toronto faculty. Biography Floyd received his B.Comm. from the University of Saskatchewan in 1958, and continued to obtain an honours economics degree in 1959. He later obtained M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1962 and 1964 respectively. Before coming to the University of Toronto in 1970, Floyd spent 9 years at the University of Washington. He joined the Washington faculty as an assistant professor in 1962, and was promoted to associate professor in 1966 and full professor in 1970. Since 1970, Floyd has been a professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Toronto. Major publications The Overvaluation of the Dollar: A Note on the International Price Mechanism, American Economic Review, March 1965. The Effects of Farm Price Supports on the Returns to Land and Labor in Agriculture, Journal of Political Economy, April 1965. Economic Growth, Price Trends, and the U.S. Balance of Trade: 1925-62, Journal of Political Economy, November/December 1968, with J. Allan Hynes. International Capital Movements and Monetary Equilibrium, American Economic Review, September 1969. Monetary and Fiscal Policy in a World of Capital Mobility, The Review of Economic Studies, October 1969. The Contribution of Real Money Balances to the Level of Wealth, The Journal of Money Credit and Banking, May 1972, with J. Allan Hynes. Deficit Finance and 'First Round' Crowding Out: A Clarification, Canadian Journal of Economics, February 1978 with J. Allan Hynes. The Asset Theory of the Exchange Rate: A Comment, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1978. The Structure of Production, the Composition of Final Demand and the Determination of the Price Level and Employment, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, May 1978, with J. Allan Hynes. Capital Immobility, Adjustment Costs, and the Theoretical Foundations of Income-Expenditure Models, Journal of Political Economy, December 1978, with J. Allan Hynes. Government Expenditure Policies in a Small Open Economy, Canadian Journal of Economics, August 1979. Debt Illusion and Imperfect Information, European Economic Review, 1979, with J. Allan Hynes. Tax Policy in an Open Economy: A Monetary Approach to a Keynesian Problem, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1980. Microsets, W.W. Norton, 1981, with Patrick O'Donoghue, Tanya Roberts, and Mary Eysenbach. World Monetary Equilibrium: International Monetary Theory in an Historical-Institutional Context, Philip Allen & University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985. On the Dollar, The Fraser Institute, Vancouver, 1985. Balance of Payments Adjustment under the International Gold Standard, Explorations in Economic History, 1991, with Trevor J. O. Dick. Canada and the Gold Standard, 18711914, Cambridge University Press, 1992, with Trevor J. O. Dick. Canada and the Gold Standard, 18711914: A Durable Monetary Regime, in Michael Bordo and Forrest Capie, eds. Monetary Regimes in Transition, Cambridge University Press, 1993, with Trevor J. O. Dick. Are Canadian Interest Rates Too High? Canadian Public Policy, June 1995. Balance of Payments Adjustment Under Gold Standard Policies: Canada and Australia Compared, in Tamim Bayoumi, Barry Eichengreen and Mark Taylor, eds. Modern Perspectives on the Gold Standard, Cambridge University Press, 1996, with Trevor J. O. Dick and David Pope. A Portfolio Balance Model of Gold Standard, in B. Eichengreen and M. Flandreau, eds., The Gold Standard in Theory and History, 2nd. ed., New York: Metheun, 1997, pp. 7698, [Abridged reprint of the paper published in Explorations in Economic History, 28, 1991] with Trevor J. O. Dick. Real and Monetary Shocks to the Canadian Dollar: Do Canada and the United States Form an Optimal Currency Area?, North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 13, 2002 with Jack Carr. Notes External links Floyd's Site Category:Canadian economists Category:University of Toronto faculty Category:University of Chicago alumni Category:University of Saskatchewan alumni Category:1937 births Category:People from Moose Jaw Category:University of Washington faculty Category:Living people

Murple are an Italian psychedelic rock/progressive rock band. Origin The activity of the band Murple begins in Rome as a local pop musicians in the time. In 1973 the band up with Pino Santamaria on guitar, Piercarlo Zanco on keyboards, Mario Garbarino on bass and Duilio Sorrenti on drums. With the production of Roberto Marsala, they recorded their first album Io sono Murple for the label BASF Fare, which had just been born in Italy and published it in 1974. The disc consists of a suite that describes the journey of the Penguin Murple from the Pole to a zoo. Perhaps because of the delay in the publication, related to the speed with which changed the musical tastes of the time, the disc to its output is fairly criticized, leading to a very limited distribution, despite the good that consideration is given instead still at work today. The formation of the group changes, with Roberto Puleo which replaces Mario Garbarino on bass. The Murple participate Pop Festival Villa Pamphili in Rome in 1974 and work on preparing a second album, which, however, will not be published. The Murple perform as a support group is that of Mal Gianfranca Montedoro, for which they perform both on stage and in the recording of the album Donna circo in 1975, but subsequently, melt. In 2007, the group was reconstituted with Garbarino, Sorrenti and Zanco, and in 2008 released a new album, Quadri di un'esposizione Pictures at an Exhibition. Discography 1974: Io sono Murple BASF Fare, 21-23317 X 2008: Quadri di un'esposizione AMS/BTF See also Italian progressive rock Further reading Italian prog website References Category:Italian progressive rock groups

Dheedwal is a town 17 kilometers from Chakwal in Punjab, Pakistan. It has a hospital, a college, a bank, a utility store and some other services like telephone, cable and also water and gas supply. The mosque of Jamia Masjid Chishtia Ghausia Dheedwal is situated in the center of the village. The community of this mosque belongs to the Muslim sect Sunni Brailvi. Dheedwal also hosting another beautiful mosque Farooqia Masjid which belongs to Muslim sect Sunni Deobandi. This mosque also managing a madrassa Ashabe badr which is providing quality religious education with the help of community. Dheedwal got a college, hospital and medical dispensary because of tiring efforts of Ameer Baig Advocate, Sardar Mehr khan late, both are very popular names and identity of Dheedwal. Dheedwal got sui gas natural gas because of Tora khan, got electricity because of Shafi khan late, a good number of Dheedwal people are in the army and police. The Tanzim Al-Mustafa Sallah o Alaih e Waalih e Wasalm is an organization of the young men of Dheedwal. The Tanzim organizes the annual Mehfil-e-Naat at the Jamia Masjid Chistia Ghausia Dheedwal. All well known Qura, Naat Khawan and Islamic scholars from different parts of Pakistan come to this Mehfil-e-Pak, which includes thousands of participants. It is the best and the biggest event annually held in Dheedwal. The Village Dheedwal has all the facilities the same as a modern city, for example, a college, hospital, library, landline telephone, water supply system, street lights, and sewerage system, etc. As you turn from the main road towards the village, you can see a monument Oblesik. This monument Oblesik reflects the participation of these villagers through their army men that fought the 2nd world war. In 2012 this monument was destroyed by land owner on which it was standing. Dheedwal has the highest number of graduates and highly educated professionals in District Chakwal. Also, a number of immigrants from this village settled in Canada and the United States. Historically this village was among the earliest settlements of people along with Ban Ameer Khatoon because of its latitude; and still, in some parts of the area, when construction begins the people witness the unearthing of pieces of utensils showing ancient civilization. References GHS Dheedwal is being promoted as Govt. Higher Secondary School Dheedwal. QPMS is also a private school in the village Dheedwal. Dheedwal is consisting on Bralvi maslak majority. Category:Populated places in Chakwal District

Amazon Mayoruna is an extinct indigenous once spoken along the Amazon River, on the borders of Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. There were two dialects, known only as the dialects of the wild Mayoruna and the settled Mayoruna Fleck 2013. References Category:Indigenous languages of Western Amazonia Category:Panoan languages Category:Extinct languages of South America

County Route 567, abbreviated CR 567, is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from Amwell Road CR 514 in Hillsborough Township to Union Avenue Route 28 in Raritan Borough. Route description CR 567 begins at an intersection with CR 514 in Hillsborough Township, heading north on two-lane undivided River Road also known as Neshanic Station Road. The road runs through wooded areas before heading along the east bank of the South Branch Raritan River, intersecting CR 667 and passing under Norfolk Southern's Lehigh Line. The route runs near farms as it crosses the river and enters Branchburg Township. At this point, CR 567 intersects CR 667 again and becomes Pleasant Run Road before making a northeast turn onto South Branch Road, with CR 628 continuing northwest along Pleasant Run Road. Residential development increases as the route continues northeast and passes the Neshanic Valley Golf Course. CR 567 begins to run closer to the South Branch Raritan River again as it reaches a junction with CR 620. CR 567 passes north through some farm fields before turning northeast at an intersection with CR 646. A short distance later, the route turns east onto Old York Road, with CR 637 heading west on that road to an intersection with US 202. CR 567 enters residential areas and crosses the North Branch Raritan River into Bridgewater Township. It parallels the Raritan River to the north as it continues into Raritan and becomes Somerset Avenue. In Raritan, CR 567 turns north onto First Avenue, with CR 626 continuing east on Somerset Avenue. The route crosses under New Jersey Transits Raritan Valley Line before reaching the US 202 intersection. Past US 202, CR 567 passes more homes before ending at Route 28. History When it was first assigned, CR 567 formerly continued north from its present terminus at Route 28 along Country Club Road to US 22 in Bridgewater Township. In Neshanic Station, CR 567 was originally routed over the South Branch Raritan River on the Elm Street Bridge, a lenticular truss bridge. It traveled west on Elm Street, northwest on Maple Avenue, and north on Pleasant Run Road until rejoining its present alignment. Its current routing in the area was formed when a new bridge was built in 1979 north of Neshanic Station. The old route through Neshanic Station became Somerset County Route 667. Major intersections See also References External links New Jersey 5xx Routes Dan Moraseski 567 567

Pickled fruit refers to fruit that has been pickled. Pickling is the process of food preservation by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar. Many types of fruit are pickled. Some examples include peaches, apples, crab apple, pears, plums, grapes, currant, tomato and olives. Vinegar may also be prepared from fruit, such as apple cider vinegar. For thousands of years in many parts of the world, pickles have been used as the main method to preserve fruits and other foods. There is evidence that thousands of years ago in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome and China people pickled different foods for preservation. Mayan culture in America used tobacco to conserve food, specifically to make pickled peppers. In ancient times the different cultures used salt that was found naturally and water to make the brine, which they used to pickle foods that cannot be eaten naturally, such as olives and some grains. Peaches Pickled peaches may be prepared from medium-sized, non-melting clingstone peaches that are small-seeded. In the United States prior to around 1960, some were prepared from small, unripe freestone peaches. They may be prepared with sugar, cinnamon, cloves and allspice to add flavor. Pickled peaches may be used to accompany meats and in salads, and also have other uses. Pears Pickled pears may be prepared with sugar, cinnamon, cloves and allspice to add flavor, and may be referred to as spiced pears. They may be prepared from underripe pears. Pickled pears may be used to accompany dishes such as roasts and salads, among others. Grapes To pickle grapes it is necessary to use white wine vinegar, water, kosher salt, sugar, cloves garlic, rosemary and dried chili flakes. Garlic, chili flakes and some other species make grapes a unique flavor. Cantaloupe The cantaloupe is a summer season fruit, which can be pickled and refrigerated to be able to eat it during the rest of the year. The cantaloupe can be pickled using champagne vinegar, hot water, granulated sugar, ice, mustard seed, celery seed, Aleppo pepper and cinnamon stick. List of pickled fruits Apple Crab apple Apricot Umeboshi Barberry Blackberry Blueberry Caper Cherry Citrus peel Currant Dates Damson Fig Grape Mango pickle Aavakaaya Nata de coco fermented coconut juice Nata de pina fermented pineapple juice Olives Orange Peach Nectarine Pear Peppadew Pickled lime Pickled pepper Plum Preserved lemon Prunes Strawberry Tomato Watermelon may be pickled, as well as watermelon rind. By country In Malaysia, some fruits are pickled when they are unripe, such as belimbing, kedondong, chermai, lime, pineapple, papaya, mango and nutmeg. In Mexico the word pickle means escabechar or encurtir this term is used when food is pickled by vinegar. When salt is the main ingredient for pickling then it is called escabeche or salmuera. The word vinegar is of French origin Vin - Aigre and means in Spanish vino-agrio and in English wine-sour. In its origins the vinegar was the result of the fermentation of the wine which was sour. In Mexico, vinegar is obtained in large part from the fermentation of some fruits, such as pineapple and apple, this type of vinegar is very common to find it naturally made at home, people use it to pickle fruits and vegetables in the home. The pickle is very popular in Mexico with different peppers the peppers being one of the main products both in the pickle industry and in a homemade way. Some states in Mexico such as Oaxaca and Puebla use pickled homemade vinegar made from fermented pineapple or sour brine to pickle fruits such as mangoes, membrillos and some cactus, then be used as ingredients in traditional cooking. See also References Category:Pickles Category:Food preservation Category:Fermented foods Category:Condiments

The Charisma Myth is a 2012 non-fiction book by Olivia Fox Cabane. It shares what the author believes are the main components of charisma: presence, power, and warmth. References Category:2012 non-fiction books Category:American non-fiction books

Geraldine Leigh Chaplin born July 31, 1944 is an English-American actress. She is the daughter of Charlie Chaplin, the first of eight children with fourth wife Oona O'Neill. After beginnings in dance and modeling, she turned her attention to acting, and made her English-language acting debut and came to prominence in what would be a Golden Globe-nominated role in her portrayal of Tonya in David Lean's Doctor Zhivago 1965. She made her Broadway acting debut in Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes in 1967, and received her second Golden Globe nomination for Robert Altman's Nashville 1975. She received a BAFTA nomination for her role in Welcome to L.A. 1976. She played her grandmother Hannah Chaplin in the biopic, Chaplin 1992 for which she received her third Golden Globe nomination. Chaplin has appeared in a wide variety of critically recognised Spanish and French films. She starred in Les Uns et les Autres 1981, Life Is a Bed of Roses 1983 and the Jacques Rivette experimental films Noroît 1976 and Love on the Ground 1984. She enjoyed her greatest critical success collaborating with her long time life partner, director Carlos Saura, starring in his films Ana and the Wolves 1973, Cría Cuervos 1976, Elisa, vida mía 1977, and Mamá cumple cien años 1979. She was awarded a Goya Award for her role in En la ciudad sin límites 2002, and was nominated again for The Orphanage 2007. Her contribution to Spanish cinema culminated in her being awarded the Gold medal by the Spanish Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences in 2006. In 2018, she starred in Red Land Rosso Istria, Italian movie by Maximiliano Hernando Bruno based on Norma Cossetto and the foibe massacres. Early life and education Geraldine Leigh Chaplin was born on July 31, 1944, in Santa Monica, California, the fourth child of actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin, and the first child of his fourth wife, Oona O'Neill, whom he married in 1943. Charlie Chaplin was 55 when Geraldine Chaplin was born and Oona was 19 years old. Chaplin was the first of their eight children. Her paternal grandparents were English singers Charles Chaplin Sr. and Hannah Chaplin born Hannah Harriet Pedlingham Hill, and her maternal grandparents were Nobel- and Pulitzer-Prize-winning American playwright Eugene O'Neill and English-born writer Agnes Boulton. When Chaplin was eight years old, her father took the family on vacation to Britain and Europe. Two days after the family set sail, the U.S. Attorney General signed an order refusing him permission to re-enter the country. Chaplin's father moved the family to Switzerland. She attended boarding school there, where she became fluent in French and Spanish. Also in this time period, Chaplin appeared in a small part in her father's film Limelight 1952. Career Dance and modeling At 17 years of age, Chaplin decided to forgo college to pursue dance instead, and studied ballet for two years in England, including a period in 1961 at the Royal Ballet School. Chaplin then danced professionally for a year in Paris. Although a good dancer, she felt she had not trained from an early enough age to excel at it and so gave up ballet. Said Chaplin I didn't leave ballet, ballet left me. It was a great disappointment to her. Chaplin then found work as a fashion model in Paris. She was then discovered by David Lean. It would be many years before she could bring herself to see a ballet performance. Discovery and early acting, 196569 When her dream of becoming a ballet dancer ended, Chaplin followed her father into what would become a prolific acting career. She came to prominence in the role of Tonya in David Lean's Doctor Zhivago 1965. David Lean chose her to play the main character's wife, for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination in the category, Most Promising Female Newcomer. In an interview to publicize the film, she explained, Because of my name, the right doors opened. In 1967, she made her Broadway debut in Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes. Her performance was praised by Clive Barnes in a New York Times review, where he noted that Chaplin acts with spirit and force with a magnificently raw-voiced sincerity giving a performance of surprising power. In the same year, she also began what would become a significant collaboration, starring in Spanish film director Carlos Saura's psychological thriller Peppermint Frappé 1967. The Hawaiians through Cría Cuervos, 197079 Chaplin starred alongside Charlton Heston in the American historical film The Hawaiians 1970. Chaplin then appeared in The Three Musketeers 1973, as well as the sequel, The Four Musketeers 1974. Chaplin was cast as the obnoxious BBC reporter Opal in Robert Altman's Nashville 1975, for which she received her second Golden Globe nomination, for Best Supporting Actress. She went on to star in the Altman films Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson 1976, and then A Wedding 1978, doing Roseland 1977 in between. Chaplin later occasionally co-wrote scripts for and starred in several later Saura filmsfor these, receiving her greatest critical successsuch as Ana and the Wolves 1973, Cría Cuervos 1976, Elisa, vida mía 1977 and Mamá cumple cien años 1979. Cría Cuervos won the Special Jury Prize Award at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. Critic Vincent Canby praised Chaplin's superb performance. Chaplin starred in several films produced by Altman and directed by Alan Rudolph, with a BAFTA-nominated role in Welcome to L.A. 1976, in which she played a housewife addicted to cab rides. She received critical acclaim for her role in Remember My Name 1978, in which she played Anthony Perkins' murderous estranged wife. In an interview with The New York Times in 1977, Chaplin cited that her career was going more successfully in Europe than in the United States. She complained that I only seem to work with Altman here ... I don't have any offers in this country, none. Not even an interesting script to read. The only person who ever asks me is Altmanand James Ivory. French-language and other roles, 198089 In the 1980s, Chaplin starred in several French-language roles, including Claude Lelouch's Les Uns et les Autres 1981, Alain Resnais' Life Is a Bed of Roses 1983, Jacques Rivette's experimental Love on the Ground 1984, and then the American film, I Want to Go Home 1989. Chaplin also starred in Rudolph's 1920s-set film, The Moderns 1988. Chaplin, Scorsese, and Zeffirelli, 199099 In the biographical film about her father, Chaplin 1992, she played her grandmother Hannah Chaplin, for which she was nominated for her third Golden Globe Award. Soon after, she was directed by Martin Scorsese in The Age of Innocence 1993, and appeared in Franco Zeffirelli's version of Jane Eyre 1996. Chaplin went on to appear in Mother Teresa: In the Name of God's Poor 1997. The Spanish period, 2000present Chaplin received a Goya Mejor Actriz de Reparto for her role in Spanish-Argentine thriller En la ciudad sin límites In the City Without Limits, 2002. Other notable Spanish films she collaborated with and appeared in Pedro Almodóvar's Talk to Her 2002, and Juan Antonio Bayona's The Orphanage 2007, for which she received a second Goya Award nomination. She also recently starred in the Catalan drama, The Mosquito Net 2010, for which she was awarded the Crystal Globe. In 2006 Chaplin was awarded the gold medal by the Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematográficas de Españathe Spanish Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciencesfor her contribution to Spanish cinema. Chaplin appeared in The Wolfman, in 2010. In Americano, she appeared with Salma Hayek, and featured with Jane Fonda in All Together both 2011. She reunited with Juan Antonio Bayona for the film The Impossible 2012. Chaplin received the Best Actress Award at the Havana Film Festival for her role in the Dominican Republic film Sand Dollars 2014. In 2018, she starred in Red Land Rosso Istria, Italian movie by Maximiliano Hernando Bruno based on Norma Cossetto and the foibe massacres. Personal life Chaplin has had two serious, long-term relationships. The first was with Spanish film director Carlos Saura, who directed her in several films. They have a son, Shane Saura Chaplin. In 1978, the Chaplin family were the victims of a failed extortion plot by kidnappers who had stolen the body of Charlie Chaplin. Geraldine Chaplin negotiated with the kidnappers, who had also threatened her infant son. Her second long-term relationship has been with Chilean cinematographer Patricio Castilla, whom she married in 2006, and with whom she has a daughter, Oona, an actress in British and Spanish films. , Chaplin maintains a home in Miami, Florida. She also spends time in residences between Madrid, Spain, and Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland the latter near the former long-time home of her and her father. Filmography Film Television References External links Category:1944 births Category:Living people Category:American film actresses Category:American people of English descent Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American television actresses Category:Best Supporting Actress Goya Award winners Category:Actresses from Santa Monica, California Category:Actresses of British descent Category:Actresses of Irish descent Geraldine Category:20th-century American actresses Category:21st-century American actresses Category:American expatriates in Spain Category:American expatriates in Switzerland Category:American expatriates in France

Shift-Minus Vol. 1 is an EP by Cex and Colongib, recorded and released in 1999. It was released as 7 only. Track listing Side A Blearily Wonky Rock, by Cex Side B At Least One Unwilling Passenger On Keith's Ego Trip At Least I'm Not Made Of Tin Mix Remix of Cex by Colongib Category:Cex musician albums Category:1999 EPs

Conleth 'Con' Murphy born 30 January 1966 is an Irish freelance radio and television presenter, working mainly on sports programming. Until recently he presented Monday Night Soccer on RTÉ Two, the League of Ireland highlights show which also includes highlights of Republic of Ireland soccer matches. He also co-presented Crimecall with Anne Cassin. On radio, he co-presented Sunday Sport on RTÉ Radio 1, with Jacqui Hurley. He left RTÉ in 2012. Career Murphy worked as one of the main sports presenters with RTÉ from 1992 until 2012. In that time he anchored RTÉ Radio's coverage of the Summer Olympics Atlanta 1996, Sydney 2000, Athens 2004 Beijing 2008, and London 2012. He has presented football, golf, rugby, hockey, basketball, athletics, and horse racing on RTÉ Television. He presented international football on RTÉ radio for 17 years until 2012 and reported from the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Japan and South Korea, plus he was part of RTÉ Radio's award-winning commentary team from the 2006 Ryder Cup at the K Club. He presented the nightly highlights programme on RTÉ Sport's coverage of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Murphy presented RTÉ's Crimecall along with Brenda Power, and then Anne Cassin for six years until mid-2011. He is currently the voice of both the RabodirectPro12 and RBS 6 Nations YouTube channels. An avid poker fan, Murphy still holds out hope of playing in the WSOP Main event in Las Vegas. References External links Con Murphy and Monday Night Soccer Con Murphy Column on RTÉ Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:Irish sports broadcasters Category:RTÉ Radio 1 presenters Category:RTÉ television presenters

Monoamniotic twins are identical twins that share the same amniotic sac within their mother's uterus. Monoamniotic twins are always identical, always monochorionic and are usually termed Monoamniotic-Monochorionic MoMo or Mono Mono twins. They share the placenta, but have two separate umbilical cords. Monoamniotic twins develop when an embryo does not split until after formation of the amniotic sac, at about 913 days after fertilization. Monoamniotic triplets or other monoamniotic multiples are possible, but extremely rare. Other obscure possibilities include multiples sets where monoamniotic twins are part of a larger gestation such as triplets, quadruplets, or more. Occurrence Monoamniotic twins are rare, with an occurrence of 1 in 35,000 to 1 in 60,000 pregnancies. Complications The survival rate for monoamniotic twins has been shown to be as high as 81 to 95 in 2009 with aggressive fetal monitoring, although previously reported as being between 50 to 60. Causes of mortality and morbidity include: Cord entanglement: The close proximity and absence of amniotic membrane separating the two umbilical cords makes it particularly easy for the twins to become entangled in each other's cords, hindering fetal movement and development. Additionally, entanglement may cause one twin to become stuck in the birth canal during labor and expulsion. Cord entanglement happens to some degree in almost every monoamniotic pregnancy. Cord compression: One twin may compress the other's umbilical cord, potentially stopping the flow of nutrients and blood and resulting in fetal death. Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome TTTS: One twin receives the majority of the nourishment, causing the other twin to become undernourished. TTTS is much more difficult to diagnose in monoamniotic twins than diamniotic ones, since the standard method otherwise is to compare the fluid in the sacs. Rather, TTTS diagnosis in monoamniotic twins relies on comparing the physical development of the twins. Diagnosis Ultrasound is the only way to detect monoamniotic-monochorionic twins before birth. It can show the lack of a membrane between the twins after a couple of weeks' gestation, when the membrane would be visible if present. Further ultrasounds with high resolution doppler imaging and non-stress tests help to assess the situation and identify potential cord problems. There is a correlation between having a single yolk sac and having a single amniotic sac. However, it is difficult to detect the number of yolk sacs, because the yolk sac disappears during embryogenesis. Cord entanglement and compression generally progress slowly, allowing parents and medical caregivers to make decisions carefully. Treatment Only a few treatments can give any improvements. Sulindac has been used experimentally in some monoamniotic twins, lowering the amount of amniotic fluid and thereby inhibiting fetal movement. This is believed to lower the risk of cord entanglement and compression. However, the potential side effects of the drug have been insufficiently investigated. Regular and aggressive fetal monitoring is recommended for cases of monoamniotic twins to look for cord entanglement beginning after viability. Many women enter inpatient care, with continuous monitoring, preferably in the care of a perinatologist, an obstetrician that specialises in high-risk pregnancies. However RCOG's guidelines cite Dias et al. in observing that cord entanglement is nearly always found in monoamniotic pregnancies and it is not clearly associated with poor outcomes, with most fetal deaths instead arising from twin reversed arterial perfusion or fetal anomaly. The clinical guidelines of ACOG and RCOG both recommend premature delivery by cesarean section between 32 and 34 weeks. A retrospective study in 2016 argued that there is evidence vaginal delivery can be equally safe and reduce complications for some monoamniotic twins but this finding has not been incorporated into clinical guidelines. See also Monochorionic twins Identical twins References Category:Twin

Santa Inés Yatzeche is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 11.48 km² at an average elevation of 1,460 meters above sea level. It is part of the Zimatlán District of the Valles Centrales region. The community, which lies on the Atoyac River in the southern Valle Grande, has a long history. Archaeological studies have shown that it was a flourishing center for hundreds of years before the rise of Monte Albán around 500, when it suffered a loss of 75 of its population. The community is now relatively poor. As of 2000, only 7 of households earned more than twice the minimum wage. Most of the inhabitants, who speak Zapotec, had not completed six years of education. The villagers must travel to Zimatlán to sell produce, and to Oaxaca City to obtain wage-paying work. As of 2005, the total population was 975, of whom 908 spoke an indigenous language, living in 210 homes. The climate is temperate and main economic activity is agriculture and livestock husbandry. References Category:Municipalities of Oaxaca Category:Populated places in Oaxaca eo:Ayoquezco de Aldama komunumo

Bernard Charles Ecclestone born 28 October 1930 is a British business magnate. He is the former chief executive of the Formula One Group, which manages Formula One and controls the commercial rights to the sport, and part-owns Delta Topco, the previous ultimate parent company of the Formula One Group. As such, he was commonly described in journalism as 'F1 Supremo'. Ecclestone entered two Grand Prix races as a driver, during the 1958 season, but failed to qualify for either of them. Later he became manager of drivers Stuart Lewis-Evans and Jochen Rindt, both whom died during racing events. In 1972, he bought the Brabham team, which he ran for fifteen years. As a team owner he became a member of the Formula One Constructors Association. His control of the sport, which grew from his pioneering the sale of television rights in the late 1970s, was chiefly financial, but under the terms of the Concorde Agreement he and his companies also managed the administration, setup and logistics of each Formula One Grand Prix, making him one of the richest men in the United Kingdom. On 23 January 2017, it was announced that Ecclestone had been replaced by Chase Carey as chief executive of the Formula One Group, though he has been appointed as chairman emeritus and will act as an adviser to the board. Ecclestone and business partner Flavio Briatore also owned the English football club Queens Park Rangers between 2007 and 2011. Early life Ecclestone was born in St Peter, South Elmham on 28 October 1930, a hamlet three miles south of Bungay, Suffolk. He was the son of Sidney Ecclestone, a fisherman, whose family had moved from Kent in the early 20th century to work in Norwich's painting industry, and his wife Bertha. Ecclestone attended primary school in Wissett before the family moved to Danson Road, Bexleyheath, South East London, in 1938. He was not evacuated to the countryside during the Second World War and remained with his family. Ecclestone left Dartford West Central Secondary School at the age of 16 to work as an assistant in the chemical laboratory at the local gasworks testing gas purity. He also studied chemistry at Woolwich Polytechnic and pursued his hobby of motorcycles. Motorsports career Early career Immediately after the end of World War II, Ecclestone went into business trading in spare parts for motorcycles, and formed the Compton & Ecclestone motorcycle dealership with Fred Compton. His first racing experience came in 1949 in the 500cc Formula 3 Series, acquiring a Cooper Mk V in 1951. He drove only a limited number of races, mainly at his local circuit, Brands Hatch, but achieved a number of good placings and an occasional win. He initially retired from racing following several accidents at Brands Hatch, intending to focus on his business interests. Team ownership After his accident, Ecclestone temporarily left racing to make a number of eventually lucrative investments in real estate and loan financing and to manage the Weekend Car Auctions firm. He returned to racing in 1957 as manager of driver Stuart Lewis-Evans, and purchased two chassis from the disbanded Connaught F1 team, whose driver line-up over the years had included Lewis-Evans, Roy Salvadori, Archie Scott Brown, and Ivor Bueb. Ecclestone even attempted, unsuccessfully, to qualify a car himself at Monaco in 1958 although this has since been described as not a serious attempt. He also entered the British Grand Prix, but the car was raced by Jack Fairman. He continued to manage Lewis-Evans when he moved to the Vanwall team; Salvadori moved on to manage the Cooper team. Lewis-Evans suffered severe burns when his engine exploded at the 1958 Moroccan Grand Prix and succumbed to his injuries six days later; Ecclestone was rather shaken up and once again retired from racing. His friendship with Salvadori led to his becoming manager of driver Jochen Rindt and a partial owner of Rindt's 1970 Lotus Formula 2 team whose other driver was Graham Hill. Rindt, on his way to the 1970 World Championship, died in a crash at the Monza circuit, though he was awarded the championship posthumously. In early 1972, Ecclestone purchased the Brabham team from Ron Tauranac. Brabham During the 1971 season, Ecclestone was approached by Ron Tauranac, owner of the Brabham team, who was looking for a suitable business partner. Ecclestone made him an offer of £100,000 for the whole team, which Tauranac eventually accepted. The Australian stayed on as designer and to run the factory. Colin Seeley was briefly brought in against Tauranac's wishes to assist in design and management. Ecclestone and Tauranac were both dominant personalities and Tauranac left Brabham early in the 1972 season. The team achieved little during 1972, as Ecclestone moulded the team to fit his vision of a Formula One team. He abandoned the highly successful customer car production business established by Jack Brabham and Tauranac reasoning that to compete at the very front in Formula One you must concentrate all of your resources there. For the 1973 season, Ecclestone promoted Gordon Murray to chief designer. The young South African produced the triangular cross-section BT42, the first of a series of Ford-powered cars with which the Brabham team would take several victories in 1974 and 1975 with Carlos Reutemann and Carlos Pace. Despite the increasing success of Murray's nimble Ford-powered cars, Ecclestone signed a deal with Alfa Romeo to use their powerful but heavy flat-12 engine from the 1976 season. Although this was financially beneficial, the new BT45s were unreliable and the Alfa engines rendered them significantly overweight. The 1976 and 1977 seasons saw Brabham fall towards the back of the field again, before winning two races again in the 1978 season when Ecclestone signed the Austrian double world champion Niki Lauda, intrigued by Murray's radical BT46 design. The Brabham-Alfa era ended in 1979, the team's first season with the up-and-coming young Brazilian Nelson Piquet when Alfa Romeo started testing their own Formula One car during this season. This prompted Ecclestone to revert to Cosworth DFV engines a move Murray described as like having a holiday. Piquet formed a close and long-lasting relationship with Ecclestone and the team, losing the title after a narrow battle with Alan Jones in 1980 and eventually winning in 1981 and 1983. In the summer of 1981 Brabham had tested a car powered by a BMW turbo engine, and 1982's new BT50 was powered by BMW's turbocharged 4-cylinder M10. Brabham continued to run the Ford-powered BT49D in the early part of the season while reliability and driveability issues were sorted out by BMW and their technical partner, Bosch. Ecclestone and BMW came close to splitting before the turbo car duly took its first win at the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix but the partnership took the first turbo-powered world championship in 1983. The team continued to be competitive until 1985. At the end of the year, Piquet left after seven years. He was unhappy with the money that Ecclestone was willing to offer him and went to Williams where he would win his third championship. The following year, Murray, who since 1973 had designed cars that had scored 22 GP wins, left Brabham to join McLaren. Brabham continued under Ecclestone's leadership to the end of the 1987 season, in which the team scored only eight points. BMW withdrew from Formula One after the 1987 season. Having bought the team from Ron Tauranac for approximately $120,000 at the end of 1971, Ecclestone eventually sold it for over US$5 million to a Swiss businessman, Joachim Luhti in 1988. Formula One executive In parallel to his activities as team owner, Ecclestone formed the Formula One Constructors Association FOCA in 1974 with Frank Williams, Colin Chapman, Teddy Mayer, Ken Tyrrell, and Max Mosley. He became increasingly involved with his roles at FISA and the FOCA in the 1970s, in particular with negotiating the sport's television rights, in his decades-long advocacy for team control. Ecclestone became chief executive of FOCA in 1978 with Mosley as his legal advisor; together, they negotiated a series of legal issues with the FIA and Jean-Marie Balestre, culminating in Ecclestone's famous coup, his securing the right for FOCA to negotiate television contracts for the Grands Prix. For this purpose Ecclestone established Formula One Promotions and Administration, giving 47 of television revenues to teams, 30 to the FIA, and 23 to FOPA i.e. Ecclestone himself; in return, FOPA put up the prize money grand prix could literally be translated from French as big prize. Television rights shuffled between Ecclestone's companies, teams, and the FIA in the late 1990s, but Ecclestone emerged on top again in 1997 when he negotiated the present Concorde Agreement: in exchange for annual payments, he maintained the television rights. Also in 1978, Ecclestone hired Sid Watkins as official Formula One medical doctor. Following the crash at the 1978 Italian Grand Prix, Watkins demanded that Ecclestone provide better safety measures, which were provided at the next race. This way, Formula One began to improve safety, decreasing the number of deaths and serious injuries along the decades. At the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, following Ayrton Senna's fatal accident but while Senna was still alive, Ecclestone inadvertently misinformed Senna's family that Senna had died. Ecclestone had used a walkie-talkie to ask Sid Watkins - who was at the crash scene - about Senna's condition. Over the static of the walkie-talkie, Ecclestone misheard Watkins' response of His head as He's dead. Based on this, Ecclestone told Senna's brother Leonardo, who was attending the race, that Senna had died. Senna in fact remained biologically alive for several more hours. This misunderstanding caused a rift in the hitherto friendly relations between Ecclestone and the Senna family; although Ecclestone travelled to Sâo Paulo at the time of Senna's funeral, he did not attend the funeral itself, instead watching it on television at his hotel. Despite heart surgery and triple coronary bypass in 1999, Ecclestone had remained as energetic as always in promoting his own business interests. In the late 1990s he reduced his share in SLEC Holdings owner of the various F1 managing firms to 25 per cent, though despite his minority share he retained complete control of the companies. Ecclestone came under fire in October 2004 when he and British Racing Drivers' Club president Jackie Stewart were unable to come to terms regarding the future British Grand Prix, causing the race to be dropped from the 2005 provisional season calendar. However, when the heads of the ten teams met and agreed on a series of cost-cuts later in the month, the race was again added to the calendar, and a contract on 9 December guaranteed its continuation for five years. In mid-November 2004, the three banks who comprise Speed Investments, which owns a 75 per cent share in SLEC, which in turn controls Formula One Bayerische Landesbank, J.P. Morgan Chase, and Lehman Brothers sued Ecclestone for more control over the sport, prompting speculation that Ecclestone might altogether lose the control he had maintained for more than thirty years. A two-day hearing began on 23 November, but after the proceedings had ended the following day, Justice Andrew Park announced his intention to reserve ruling for several weeks. On 6 December 2004, Park read his verdict, stating that In [his] judgment it is clear that Speed's contentions are correct and [he] should therefore make the declarations which it requests. However, Ecclestone insisted that the verdict seen almost universally as a legal blow to his control of Formula One would mean nothing at all. He stated his intention to appeal the decision. The following day, at a meeting of team bosses at Heathrow Airport in London, Ecclestone offered the teams a total of £260,000,000 over three years in return for unanimous renewal of the Concorde Agreement, which expired in 2008. Two weeks later, Gerhard Gribkowsky, a board member of Bayerische Landesbank and the chairman of SLEC, stated that the banks had no intention to remove Ecclestone from his position of control. Ecclestone saw 14 of 20 cars refuse to race in the 2005 United States Grand Prix at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The seven teams who refused to participate, stating concern over the safety of their Michelin tyres, requested rule changes and/or a change to the track configuration. Despite a series of meetings between Ecclestone, Max Mosley, and the team principals, no compromise was reached by race time, and Ecclestone became an object of the public's frustration at the resultant six-car race. Despite him not having caused the problem, fans and journalists blamed him for failing to take control and enforce a solution, given the position of power in which he had placed himself. On 25 November 2005 CVC Capital Partners announced it was to purchase both the Ecclestone shares of the Formula One Group 25 per cent of SLEC and Bayerische Landesbank's 48 per cent share held through Speed Investments. This left Alpha Prema owning 71.65 per cent of the Formula One Group. Ecclestone used the proceeds of this sale to purchase a stake in this new company the exact ratio of the CVC/Ecclestone shareholding is unknown. On 6 December Alpha Prema acquired JP Morgan's share of SLEC to increase its ownership of Formula One to 86 per cent, the remaining 14 per cent was held by Lehman Brothers. On 21 March 2006 the EU competition authorities approved the transaction subject to CVC selling Dorna, which controls the rights to MotoGP. CVC announced the completion of the transaction on 28 March. CVC acquired Lehman Brothers share at the end of March 2006. On 21 July 2007, Ecclestone announced in the media that he would be open to discuss the purchase of Arsenal Football Club. As a close friend to former Director of Arsenal David Dein, it was believed that the current board of the North Londonbased football club would prefer to sell to a British party, this after American-based investment company KSE headed by Stan Kroenke were thought to be preparing a £650 million takeover bid for Arsenal Holdings PLC. The revenue sharing with the various teams, the Concorde Agreement, expired on the last day of 2007, and the contract with the FIA expired on the last day of 2012. After the loss of Silverstone as the venue for the British Grand Prix in 2008, Ecclestone came under fire from several high-profile names for his handling of Formula One's revenues. Damon Hill blamed Formula One Management as a key factor in the loss of the event: There's always been the question of the FOM fee, and ultimately that is the deciding factor. To quote Bernie, he once said: 'You can have anything you like, as long as you pay too much for it,' but we can't pay too much for something ... The problem is money goes out and away. There's a question whether that money even returns to Formula One. Flavio Briatore also criticised FOM: Nowadays Ecclestone takes 50 of all revenues, but we are supposed to be able to reduce our costs by 50. Ecclestone was removed from his position as chief executive of Formula One Group on 23 January 2017, following its takeover by Liberty Media in 2016. Other activities In 1996, Ecclestone's International Sportsworld Communicators signed a 14-year agreement with the FIA for the exclusive broadcasting rights for 18 FIA championships. In 1999, the European Commission investigated FIA, ISC and FOA for abusing dominant position and restricting competition. As a result, in early 2000 the ISC and FIA made a new agreement to reduce the number of rights packages to two, the World Rally and Regional Rally Championships. In April 2000 Ecclestone sold ISC to a group led by David Richards. On 17 June 2005, Ecclestone made American headlines with his reply to a question about Danica Patrick's fourth-place finish at the Indianapolis 500, during an interview with Indianapolis television station WRTV: She did a good job, didn't she? Super. Didn't think she'd be able to make it like that. You know, I've got one of these wonderful ideas that women should be all dressed in white like all the other domestic appliances. Following Danica Patrick's 2008 victory at Twin Ring Motegi, Ecclestone personally sent her a congratulatory letter. On 7 January 2010, it was announced that Ecclestone had, together with Genii Capital, submitted a bid for Swedish car brand Saab Automobile. Queens Park Rangers On 3 September 2007, it was announced that Ecclestone and Flavio Briatore had bought Queen Park Rangers QPR Football Club. In December 2007, they were joined as co-owners by businessman Lakshmi Mittal, the 5th richest person in the world, who bought 20 of the club. On 17 December 2010 it was announced that Ecclestone had purchased the majority of shares from Flavio Briatore becoming the majority shareholder with 62 of the shares. It was announced on 18 August 2011 that Ecclestone and Briatore had sold their entire shareholding in the club to Tony Fernandes, known for his ownership of the Caterham Formula 1 team. Controversies Labour Party controversy In 1997 Ecclestone was involved in a political controversy over the British Labour Party's policy on tobacco sponsorship. Labour had pledged to ban tobacco advertising in its manifesto ahead of its 1997 general election victory, supporting a proposed European Union Directive banning tobacco advertising and sponsorship. At this time all leading Formula One Teams carried significant branding from tobacco brands. The Labour Party's stance on banning tobacco advertising was reinforced following the election by forceful statements from the Health Secretary Frank Dobson and Minister for Public Health Tessa Jowell. Ecclestone appealed 'over Jowell's head' to Jonathan Powell, Tony Blair's chief of staff, who arranged a meeting with Blair. Ecclestone and Mosley, both Labour Party donors, met Blair on 16 October 1997, where Mosley argued: Motor racing was a world class industry which put Britain at the hi-tech edge. Deprived of tobacco money, Formula One would move abroad at the loss of 50,000 jobs, 150,000 part-time jobs and £900 million of exports. On 4 November the fiercely anti-tobacco Jowell argued in Brussels for an exemption for Formula One. Media attention initially focused on Labour bending its principles for a glamour sport and on the false trail of Jowell's husband's links to Benetton. On 6 November correspondents from three newspapers inquired whether Labour had received any donations from Ecclestone; he had donated £1 million in January 1997. On 11 November Labour promised to return the money on the advice of Sir Patrick Neill. On 17 November Blair apologised for his government's mishandling of the affair and stated the decision to exempt Formula One from tobacco sponsorship was taken two weeks later. It was in response to fears that Britain might lose the industry overseas to Asian countries who were bidding for it. In 2008, the year after Blair stepped down as Prime Minister, internal Downing Street memos revealed that in fact the decision had been made at the time of the meeting, and not two weeks later as Blair stated in Parliament. Hitler controversy In a Times interview published on 4 July 2009, Ecclestone said terrible to say this I suppose, but apart from the fact that Hitler got taken away and persuaded to do things that I have no idea whether he wanted to do or not, he was in the way that he could command a lot of people able to get things done. According to Ecclestone: If you have a look at a democracy it hasn't done a lot of good for many countries including this one, in reference to the United Kingdom. He also said that his friend of 40 years Max Mosley, the son of British fascist leader Oswald Mosley, would do a super job as Prime Minister and added I don't think his background would be a problem. Stephen Pollard, editor of The Jewish Chronicle, said: Mr Ecclestone is either an idiot or morally repulsive. Either he has no idea how stupid and offensive his views are or he does and deserves to be held in contempt by all decent people. In a subsequent interview with The Jewish Chronicle, Ecclestone said that his comments were taken the wrong way, but apologised, saying, I'm just sorry that I was an idiot. I sincerely, genuinely apologise. However, when Ecclestone was later told by Associated Press that the World Jewish Congress had called for his resignation, he said it's a pity they didn't sort the banks out, referring to the financial crisis of 20072010, and claimed They have a lot of influence everywhere. Bribery accusation In a 2012 trial against the former BayernLB Chief Risk Officer Gerhard Gribkowsky, the public prosecutor accused Ecclestone of being a co-perpetrator in the case. Gribkowsky confessed to the charges of tax evasion, breach of trust and for accepting bribes. In closing arguments at a Munich trial the public prosecutor told the court Ecclestone hasn't been blackmailed, he is a co-perpetrator in a bribery case. According to the prosecutor and defendant, Ecclestone paid about $44 million to the former banker to get rid of the lender's stake in Formula One. Ecclestone told prosecutors he paid Gribkowsky because he blackmailed him with telling UK tax authorities about a family trust controlled by Ecclestone's former wife. In November 2012 private equity firm Bluewaters Communications Holdings filed a £409m lawsuit against the 2005 sale of Formula One, alleging it was the sports rightful owners. In May 2013 Süddeutsche Zeitung reported that the Munich prosecutors office had charged Ecclestone with two bribery charges after a two-year investigation into his relationship with Gribkowsky. In July 2013, German prosecutors indicted Ecclestone for alleged bribery. The charge relates to a $44 million £29m payment to Gribkowsky. It was linked to the sale of a stake in Formula 1. Gerhard Gribkowsky, the BayernLB bank executive, was found guilty of taking $44m in bribes and failing to pay tax on the money. On 14 January 2014, a court in Munich ruled that Ecclestone would indeed be tried on bribery charges in Germany, and on 5 August 2014, the same court ruled that Ecclestone could pay a £60m settlement, without admitting guilt, to end the trial. Tax avoidance Interviews conducted by a German prosecutor in the Gerhard Gribkowsky case showed that Ecclestone had been under investigation by the UK tax authorities for nine years, and that he had avoided the payment of £1.2 billion through a legal tax avoidance scheme. HM Revenue and Customs agreed to conclude the matter in 2008 with a payment of £10 million. Biography In 2011 Faber and Faber published Tom Bower's biography No Angel: The Secret Life of Bernie Ecclestone, which was written with Ecclestone's co-operation. Bower has written exposé biographies of figures such as Robert Maxwell and Simon Cowell, leading commentators including Brian Appleyard of the New Statesman to express surprise over Ecclestone's co-operation. The book recounts an episode at the 1979 Argentine Grand Prix in which Colin Chapman offered Mario Andretti $1000 to push Ecclestone into a hotel swimming pool in Buenos Aires. A nervous Andretti approached Ecclestone and confessed the plot, to which Ecclestone replied: Pay me half and you can. Personal life The Forbes World's Billionaires List of 2011 ranked Ecclestone as the 4th richest person in the United Kingdom, with an estimated fortune of $4.2 billion, an increase of $200 million from the previous year. In early 2004, he sold one of his London residences in Kensington Palace Gardens, never having lived in it, to steel magnate Lakshmi Mittal for £57.1 million. At Grand Prix venues, Ecclestone uses a grey mobile home, known as Bernie's bus, as his headquarters. In 2005, Ecclestone sold his £9 million yacht Va Bene to his friend Eric Clapton. Terry Lovell published a biography of Ecclestone, Bernie's Game: Inside the Formula One World of Bernie Ecclestone in March 2003 after legal issues had delayed its publication from its original date of November 2001. Ecclestone has been married three times. With first wife Ivy, he has a daughter, Deborah, through whom he is a great-grandfather. He has five grandchildren two granddaughters and three grandsons. Ecclestone had a 17-year relationship with Tuana Tan, which ended in 1984 when Slavica Radić, later his second wife, became pregnant. He was then married to Yugoslav-born former Armani model Radić for 23 years. The couple have two daughters, Tamara born 1984 and Petra born 1988. In 2008, Slavica Ecclestone filed for divorce. Slavica settled their divorce amicably with her receiving a reported $1 to 1.5 billion settlement. The divorce was granted on 11 March 2009. In April 2012, Ecclestone announced his engagement to 35-year-old Fabiana Flosi, Vice-President of Marketing for the Brazilian Grand Prix. She is 47 years his junior. In April 2020, it was revealed the pair are expecting a son due weeks before Ecclestone's 90th birthday. Ecclestone was a victim of theft in March 2005: two wheels were stolen from his car while it was parked outside his London home. The car, a brand new Mercedes-Benz CLS55 AMG, was said to be the first of its kind in Britain. On the evening of 24 November 2010, whilst returning to his apartment in his central London offices with his girlfriend Flosi, four men ambushed the pair and robbed them of jewellery, including diamond rings and a watch, with a total value of £200,000 Ecclestone later said, I see a figure of £200,000 mentioned but that is bollocks. They won't be going far on what they took off us. The image of Ecclestone's bruised face was later used in an advertisement by Hublot, the makers of the stolen watch, with the slogan See what people will do for a Hublot. Ecclestone turned down a knighthood in the early 2000s as he did not believe that he deserved it. In a 2019 interview, he stated that if he had brought some good to the country, he was glad, but he did not set out with this purpose in mind, so did not deserve recognition. Complete Formula One World Championship results key Awards and honours 2000 Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the Republic of Austria 2006 Commander of the Order of Saint-Charles, Monaco 2008 Imperial College Honorary Doctorate Notes References Bernie Ecclestone, the man behind Formula One BBC News, 12 November 1997 Chicanery in Formula One? The Economist, 26 August 2004 Grand prix, grand prizes. The Economist, 13 July 2004 Griffiths, John The case that will decide Formula One's future. Financial Times, 23 November 2004 Mott, Sue The funny billionaire in trapped in the body of a tyrant Telegraph, 20 March 2004 Mr Formula One The Economist, 13 March 1997 The main men in F1 BBC Sport, 11 October 2004 The Governor of Grand Prix UK Motorsport, from Daily Telegraph, 1997 External links #212 Bernard Ecclestone & Family at Forbes Billionaires, 2010, 10 March 2010 Category:1930 births Category:Living people Category:Auto racing executives Category:Brighton Speed Trials people Category:English billionaires Category:English chief executives Category:English Formula One drivers Category:English motorsport people Category:Formula One team owners Category:Formula One people Category:Labour Party UK donors Category:People from Bexleyheath Category:People from Bungay Category:Commanders of the Order of Saint-Charles Category:Recipients of the Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria Bernie Category:Critics of the European Union Category:British Eurosceptics

Marie Zéphyrine of France 26 August 1750 2 September 1755 was a French princess, the daughter of Louis, Dauphin of France, and Maria Josepha of Saxony. Marie Zéphyrine, known as Madame Royale or la Petite Madame, was born at the Palace of Versailles and was named after St Zephyrinus, on whose feast day she was born. Her birth was greeted with caution; in the previous two years, Maria Josepha had suffered stillbirths and her health was of a fragile nature. Louis XV, on the other hand, had hoped for a grandson. Marie Isabelle de Rohan served as Marie Zéphyrine's governess. Marie Zéphyrine died at Versailles due to an attack of convulsions, in the early hours of the morning of 2 September, having been baptised just days before by the Abbot of Chabannes. She was not officially mourned; a French princess could only be mourned if she was over the age of 7. She was buried at the Royal Basilica of Saint Denis outside the capital of Paris. Ancestry References Category:1750 births Category:1755 deaths Category:People from Versailles Category:House of Bourbon France Marie Zephyrine Category:18th-century French people Category:Burials at the Basilica of St Denis

Doroshivtsi ; is a commune selsoviet in Zastavna Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. Category:Villages in Zastavna Raion

Sadia Javed is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh since August 2018. Political career She was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party PPP on a reserved seat for women in 2018 Pakistani general election. References Category:Living people Category:Pakistan Peoples Party MPAs Sindh Category:Year of birth missing living people

XOR is a computer puzzle game created by Astral Software and published by Logotron in 1987 for a range of platforms including the Acorn Electron, Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, BBC Micro, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum. XOR is a pure puzzle game with no random or arcade elements, as summed up by the blurb on Logotron's original advertising campaign: Gameplay Objective The player controls two shields, Magus and Questor, which can be moved horizontally and vertically though the maze, in order to collect masks. The object of each level is to collect all the masks, then reach the exit. In all levels, use of both shields are required for completion, and in some, one shield must be sacrificed walled in or destroyed in order to complete the level. Force fields In the first level, the only obstacles except for the maze walls themselves, are two types of force field: one of which can only be entered from above or below, and a second which can only be entered from left or right. In both cases entering the force field destroys it. Fish and chickens In subsequent levels, fish and chicken objects are introduced. Fish fall downwards whenever possible, while chickens run to the left if not blocked. Both can destroy the player's shields by hitting them from more than one square away like rocks in Boulder Dash. Fish and chickens can move through force fields if entering from the appropriate direction. It is also possible to push fish left or right, and chickens up and down. Bombs There are two types of bombs in XOR: V-bombs vertical and H-bombs horizontal. V-bombs move left in the same manner as chickens, while H-bombs shaped like old-fashioned spherical bombs with a burning fuse fall downwards like fish. Like fish and chickens, H-bombs can be pushed left and right, and V-bombs can be pushed up or down, by the player's shield. A bomb explodes when it is hit from more than one square away by a fish, a chicken, or another bomb. The object hitting the bomb is destroyed, along with anything directly above or below a V-bomb, or to the left or to the right of an H-bomb. If one bomb hits another, only the bomb that is hit the lower or left-hand one actually detonates. Dolls Unlike fish and chickens, dolls cannot move on their own, although the player's shields can push them around the maze. Once a doll is moving it keeps going until it hits an obstacle. Dolls cannot detonate bombs or pass through force fields. Other objects Map sections: these reveal the layout of part the maze to the player. Masks are highlighted on the map. Frowning masks: these are switches collecting or blowing up one turns off the lighting, causing the maze walls to become invisible, while collecting another turns the lights back on again. Teleportation portals labelled BMUS, for Beam Me Up Scotty, in some versions: this moves the player's shield to the other teleportation portal within the maze. Related releases XOR Designer allowed players to design their own levels. XOR for Schools included six new mazes and a paper planning sheet, intended to be photocopied by teachers. Legacy Unauthorized clones have been released for Windows, Macintosh, Linux, RISC OS, the SAM Coupé, the Game Boy Advance, and Uzebox. References External links Category:1987 video games Category:Puzzle video games Category:Acorn Archimedes games Category:Amiga games Category:Amstrad CPC games Category:Atari ST games Category:BBC Micro and Acorn Electron games Category:Commodore 64 games Category:SAM Coupé games Category:Video games developed in the United Kingdom Category:ZX Spectrum games

The province of East Nusa Tenggara in Indonesia is divided into regencies , which are turn are divided administratively into districts, known as Kecamantan. The districts of East Nusa Tenggara, with the regency each falls into, are as follows: Villages Administrative villages desa listed for each district: References East Nusa Tenggara

Hanna Mina 9 March 1924 21 August 2018 was a Syrian novelist, described in Literature from the Axis of Evil as the country's most prominent. His early novels belong to the movement of social realism, and focus on class conflict; his later works contain a more symbolic analysis of class differences. His writing on the suffering of ordinary people was partly inspired by his own experiences, alternately working as a stevedore, barber and journalist; his autobiographical short story, On the Sacks, was published in 1976. Several of his works are set during the period of the French Mandate of Syria, or in the period immediately following independence. Mina has authored about 40 novels, varying in imaginary value and narrative significance. But his achievement lies in the foundation he laid for this literary structure. For his collective works and novels, Mina was awarded the Arab Writer's Prize in 2005. Early life Born in Latakia in 1924, Hanna Mina spent his childhood in one of the villages near Iskenderun, but following the entrance of the Turkish forces to the district Hatay State, he moved back to Latakia with his family. Although with only an elementary school certificate, Mina used to write letters and petitions to the government on behalf of illiterates, and distributed the Communist Sawt al-Shaab Voice of the People newspaper alongside working as a barber. Writing In 1947, he moved to Beirut in search for a job, later moving to Damascus where he began his literary career. In the 1950s, Mina joined the Damascus newspaper al-Inshaa as a trainee editor. He was paid a monthly salary of a mere 100 Syrian pounds and lived in relative poverty. He wrote several short stories, which brought him into literary circles, and he co-founded the Syrian Writers Federation in 1951 and later moved to become the editor in-chief of al-Inshaa. His first novel was 1954's The Blue Lanterns. Although slowly gaining fame and prestige and becoming of Syria's renowned writers, he never stopped reflecting on the harsh reality of his earlier life, which he considered as fuel for his novels. He has said that reality carves its inscriptions on human skin with a hot iron that leaves permanent marks and scars. His novel, The Swamp, which invoked fragments of Mina's childhood in Iskenderun, was described by literary critic Salah Fadl as the greatest autobiography in Arab novel-writing, and the most abundant in brutal honesty and wealth of thought. Death Mina died on 21 August 2018 in Damascus, aged 94. Legacy In Syria, the Culture Ministry annually awards the Hanna Mina Prize for Literature. Notes Category:1924 births Category:2018 deaths Category:People from Latakia Category:Syrian novelists Category:Syrian journalists

Mark Alan Knight born 8 January 1973, also known as TDK and Madfiddler, is a British musician, video game music composer and sound designer. He started out writing chiptune and module file music in the Amiga Demoscene, and began his games industry career as a composer in 1992 . He continued until 2000 when he moved to sound design, and since 2014 has a split role as a sound designer and composer. Biography Born in Brighton, East Sussex in England on 8 January 1973, his grandfather started teaching him the violin when he was 6. At 10 years old he was given a Commodore 64 home computer and took an interest in electronic music. Whilst studying in college he began writing music on the Amiga, releasing music within the demoscene. Having been refused a university place to study Music Production in 1992, he was given the opportunity to arrange the Wing Commander soundtrack to the Commodore Amiga home computer which led him to full-time employment with the developer, Mindscape. Having left Mindscape in 1997, Knight wrote the soundtrack for Duke Nukem: Total Meltdown before accepting a position at Bullfrog Productions, a development company owned by Electronic Arts, working on games such as Dungeon Keeper 2, Populous: The Beginning and Theme Park World which won a BAFTA for Best Sound. In 2000, Mark changed career direction and lead the sound design team on the EA Sports F1 series, stating that If truth be told however, it was a simple choice of either F1 or Harry Potter. He left EA in 2003, and after spending time at Visual Science he joined Codemasters in 2007 working on their DiRT, F1 and GRID franchises. Knight has performed on the electric violin with the folk punk band Tricks Upon Travellers 19942000, K-Passa 20002001, 2008present, Blue Horses 20022003, 4-4-2 2004, Laura Kenny 2006, Silver Dogs 20062007, Bleeding Hearts 20092011 and has worked as a session musician for bands such as Pepe Deluxé, The Divine Comedy, C64 Audio.com, and Frost*. He also administers the Fiddle and Alternative Strings Forum. In 2012 Knight released his first TDK chiptune album, and continues to compose music in this style. In 2015 Knight announced his return to video game composition with F1 2015. and in January 2016 was nominated for Best Western Game Composer, 2015, at the Annual Game Music Awards. Knight resigned from Codemasters, the day F1 2017 launched and is now running his Audio Production company, SONiC FUEL, full time. Personal life Knight lives in Warwickshire, England. Discography Video games Carmageddon TV unreleased .ComBots unreleased Mario's Mission Earth unreleased Road Rash unreleased Velocity unreleased Guy Spy and the Crystals of Armageddon 1992 Outlander 1992 Wing Commander 1992 Alfred Chicken 1993 Battleship 1993 D/Generation 1993 Evasive Action 1993 Liberation: Captive 2 1993 Overkill/Lunar C 1993 Mario's Time Machine 1993 Out to Lunch 1993 Sim Life 1993 Battletoads 1994 DragonLore 1994 Sim City 2000 1994 Cyberspeed 1995 Supersonic Racers 1996 Warhammer: Shadow of the Horned Rat 1996 Duke Nukem: Total Meltdown 1997 Populous: The Beginning 1998 Theme Park World 1998 Warhammer: Dark Omen 1998 Dungeon Keeper 2 1999 Formula One 2000 2000 Formula One 2000 CE 2000Superbikes 2000 2000Formula One 2001 2001Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone 2001Quake 3: Revolution 2001Formula One 2002 2002Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets 2002Shox 2002Formula One 2003 2003Harry Potter: Quidditch World Cup 2003Sudeki 2004Crysis 2007The Witcher 2007Metal Gear Solid Mobile 2008Race Driver: GRID 2008So Blonde 2008Colin McRae: DiRT 2 2009F1 2009 2009F1 2010 2010DiRT 3 2011Dizzy Prince of the Yolkfolk 2011F1 2011 2011FortressCraft 2011DiRT Showdown 2012F1 Race Stars 2012F1 2012 2012F1 2013 2013GRID 2 2013GRID Autosport 2014F1 2014 2014Toybox Turbos 2014F1 2015 2015Dirt Rally 2015Overlord: Fellowship of Evil 2015D/Generation HD 2015F1 2016 2016F1 2017 2017Flight Sim World 2017Funfair.io 2017-BeamNG.drive 2018-NASCAR Heat 4 2019 Music ReleasesCyberspeed Unleashed 2011FortressCraft Credits 2011Reawakening 2012D/Generation HD 2015Project Hubbard: Escape to New Rob 2019ME! 2019 Violin Sessions4-4-2 Come on EnglandBjorne Lynne The Gods AwakenC64Audio Back in Time 3Frost* The Dividing LineFrost* Falling SatellitesJames J Turner How Could We Be Wrong?Ian Livingstone Big Fat Gypsy WeddingsK-Passa Born AgainPepe Deluxe BeatitudePress Play on Tape Home ComputerSilverDogs SilverDogsThe Divine Comedy CasanovaThe Giallos Flame House at the Edge of the DarkThis Morning Call DesertedTomorrows Ancestor Live at StainsbyTricks Upon Travellers The Last Fish SupperTricks Upon Travellers Where the Skeletons DanceTricks Upon Travellers Acoustic Live and Uncut'' References External links TDK website SONiC FUEL website madfiddler website Gamesounds website AMP profile website Category:1973 births Category:Living people Category:British rock violinists Category:British male violinists Category:Chiptune musicians Category:Sound designers Category:Tracker musicians Category:Video game composers Category:People from Brighton Category:Musicians from Brighton and Hove Category:21st-century violinists Category:21st-century British male musicians

Bridgeton Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from the city of Bridgeton, in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. The district is one of 31 former Abbott Districts statewide, which are now referred to as SDA Districts based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority. As of the 2017-18 school year, the district and its eight schools had an enrollment of 6,399 students and 500.1 classroom teachers on an FTE basis, for a studentteacher ratio of 12.8:1. The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group A, the lowest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Students from Downe Township and some students from Lawrence Township other students are sent to Millville Senior High School attend the district's high school for ninth through twelfth grades as part of sending/receiving relationships. Schools Schools in the district with 2017-18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics are: Pre-Schools Geraldine O. Foster Early Childhood Center 285 students in PreK Elementary schools Broad Street School 945; K-8 Buckshutem Road School 604; K-8 Cherry Street School 580; K-8 ExCEL School enrollment not listed; K-8 Indian Avenue School 645; K-8 Quarter Mile Lane School 733; PreK-8 West Avenue School 723; K-8 High school Bridgeton High School 1,378; 9-12 Administration Core members of the district's administration are: Dr. H. Victor Gilson, Interim Superintendent Nicole Albanese, Business Administrator / Board Secretary References External links Bridgeton Public Schools School Data for the Bridgeton Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics Category:Bridgeton, New Jersey Category:New Jersey Abbott Districts Category:New Jersey District Factor Group A Category:School districts in Cumberland County, New Jersey

The 2018 E3 Harelbeke was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 23 March 2018 in Belgium. It was the 61st edition of the E3 Harelbeke and the tenth event of the 2018 UCI World Tour. The race was won by Niki Terpstra , who stayed 20 seconds clear of an elite group, led home by his teammate Philippe Gilbert, with 's Greg Van Avermaet completing the podium. Teams As E3 Harelbeke was a UCI World Tour event, all eighteen UCI WorldTeams were invited automatically and obliged to enter a team in the race. Seven UCI Professional Continental teams competed, completing the 25-team peloton. Results References External links Category:2018 UCI World Tour Category:2018 in Belgian sport 2018 Category:March 2018 sports events in Europe

Scaphocephaly is a type of cephalic disorder which occurs when there is a premature fusion of the sagittal suture. The sagittal suture joins together the two parietal bones of skull. Scaphocephaly is the most common of the craniosynostosis conditions and is characterized by a long, narrow head. Treatment This condition can be corrected by surgery if the child is young enough. The use of a cranial remolding orthosis can also benefit the child if the child begins wearing it at an early age. Terminology The term is from Greek skaphe meaning 'light boat or skiff' and kephale meaning 'head' describes a specific shape of a long narrow head that resembles an inverted boat. See also Dolichocephaly References External links NINDS Overview Category:Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system

Evandro Elmer de Carvalho Brandão born 7 May 1991 is an Angolan professional footballer who plays for Israeli club Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. as a striker. Club career England Brandão was born in Luanda, Angola, but spent the first years of his life in Portugal before moving to England at the age of 9. He began his football career at Blackburn Rovers, before joining Walsall in 2003. After three years with Walsall, Brandão signed for Manchester United on 21 October 2006, after impressing assistant manager Carlos Queiroz while on trial with United at the 2006 Under-17 Nike Cup. He had to wait five months to make his debut for the under-18s, but played in four of their last five games as the side finished fourth in the 200607 Premier Academy League, before being offered a trainee contract in July 2007. The following season, Brandão scored four goals in 18 appearances for the under-18 team, adding four in 15 appearances the year after he also made his debut for the reserves in 200809, coming on as a 69th-minute substitute for Magnus Wolff Eikrem in a Manchester Senior Cup game away to Bury; however, he was unable to make any more of an impression at the club, and was released on the expiry of his contract in June 2009. Portugal Brandão signed with Braga in the summer of 2009 but, just five months later, the deal was usurped by Benfica, who signed him on a two-and-a-half-year contract. After spending a year in the Benfica academy, Brandão went out on loan twice in 201011, first to Segunda Liga club Fátima and then to Gondomar in the third division, for whom he netted 10 goals in 12 games. Hungary After failing to break into the Benfica first team, Brandão moved to Hungarian club Videoton in July 2011, coached by his former Portugal under-16 manager Paulo Sousa. He scored his first and only goal for the side on 20 August, contributing to a 41 home win against Pécs. Later years In the summer of 2012, Brandão signed with Olhanense in the Portuguese top flight, on loan. He scored his first goal in the competition on 15 December to help to a 22 home draw to Gil Vicente, as his team went on to finish as the first above the relegation zone. Subsequently, Brandão represented in quick succession Tondela, Libolo, Kabuscorp both from the Angolan Girabola and Sport Benfica e Castelo Branco, netting only eight times combined. On 12 July 2016, he agreed to a deal at Fafe from the Portuguese second tier. Brandão scored his first hat-trick at the professional level on 15 January 2017, contributing to a 41 win over Braga B at the Parque Municipal dos Desportos de Fafe. In June, following his team's relegation, he signed for Leixões also in the second division. On 10 September 2019, Brandão joined Israeli Liga Leumit club Maccabi Petah Tikva FC. International career At youth level, Brandão earned 24 caps for Portugal. He switched allegiance to Angola as a senior, making his debut on 13 August 2014 by playing the last four minutes of a 00 friendly draw to Angola. International goals Angola score listed first, score column indicates score after each Brandão goal Honours Club Videoton Ligakupa: 201112 Szuperkupa: 2011 Libolo Girabola: 2014, 2015 References External links Videoton official profile Portugal national team data Category:1991 births Category:Living people Category:Portuguese people of Angolan descent Category:Sportspeople from Luanda Category:Portuguese footballers Category:Angolan footballers Category:Association football forwards Category:Blackburn Rovers F.C. players Category:Walsall F.C. players Category:Manchester United F.C. players Category:Primeira Liga players Category:LigaPro players Category:Portuguese Second Division players Category:S.L. Benfica footballers Category:C.D. Fátima players Category:Gondomar S.C. players Category:S.C. Olhanense players Category:C.D. Tondela players Category:Sport Benfica e Castelo Branco players Category:AD Fafe players Category:Leixões S.C. players Category:Nemzeti Bajnokság I players Category:Fehérvár FC players Category:Girabola players Category:C.R.D. Libolo players Category:Kabuscorp S.C.P. players Category:Liga Leumit players Category:Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. players Category:Portugal youth international footballers Category:Angola international footballers Category:2019 Africa Cup of Nations players Category:Portuguese expatriate footballers Category:Angolan expatriate footballers Category:Expatriate footballers in England Category:Expatriate footballers in Hungary Category:Expatriate footballers in Israel Category:Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in England Category:Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Hungary Category:Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Israel Category:Angolan expatriate sportspeople in England Category:Angolan expatriate sportspeople in Hungary

Aedoeus concolor is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1897. References Category:Dorcasominae Category:Beetles described in 1897

Veterans Day is an annual United States holiday honoring military veterans. Veterans Day or Veteran's Day or Veterans' Day may also refer to: National Veterans' Day, a remembrance day in Finland Veterans Day Netherlands Veterans Day Norway Veterans Day South Korea Veterans Day Sweden Veterans' Day United Kingdom or Armed Forces Day Veterans Day album See also Armistice Day, 11 November observances in other countries, e.g. New Zealand, France, Belgium and Serbia former name of Veterans Day in the United States Remembrance Day, 11 November observances in the Commonwealth of Nations

Sohaib Ahmad Malik is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab since August 2018. Political career He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League N from Constituency PP-72 Sargodha-I in 2018 Pakistani general election. References External links Punjab Assembly | Members - Members' Directory Category:Living people Category:Punjab MPAs 20182023 Category:Pakistan Muslim League N MPAs Punjab Category:Year of birth missing living people

The sparsely-spotted stingaree Urolophus paucimaculatus, also known as the white-spotted stingaree or Dixon's stingaree, is a species of stingray in the family Urolophidae, common off the southern Australian coast. Preferring sandy flats and seagrass beds, this benthic ray can be found from close to shore to a depth of at least , and tends to occur deeper in the northern portion of its range. Reaching a length of , this species has a broad, diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc that is typically plain gray in color above with a V-shaped marking between the eyes. Individuals from southerly waters also generally exhibit a smattering of small, dark-edged white spots. This ray is further characterized by a distinctively bell-shaped curtain of skin between the nostrils. Its tail has a skin fold running along either side and a leaf-shaped caudal fin, but no dorsal fin. Relatively inactive during daytime, the sparsely-spotted stingaree preys mainly on crustaceans, and to a much lesser extent on polychaete worms and other small benthic organisms. It is aplacental viviparous, with the mother provisioning her young with histotroph uterine milk. Life history differs between the eastern and western subpopulations: eastern females bear litters of up to six pups with a twelve-month gestation period, while western females bear litters of only one or two pups with a ten-month gestation period. Also, western rays mature later and live longer than eastern rays. The venomous sting of the sparsely-spotted stingaree is potentially injurious to humans, and it has been reported to react aggressively if disturbed. The International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN has listed it under Least Concern, as there is little fishing activity over the majority of its range. Taxonomy The sparsely-spotted stingaree was described in a 1969 issue of The Victorian Naturalist by Joan Dixon of the Museum Victoria. The specific epithet paucimaculatus is derived from the Latin paucus, meaning few, and maculatus, meaning spotted. The type specimen was collected from the Bass Strait, near Cape Patton in Victoria. Subpopulations from the eastern and western portions of its range differ in aspects of life history and merit further taxonomic investigation, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN. Distribution and habitat One of the most abundant cartilaginous fishes off southern Australia, the sparsely-spotted stingaree has a relatively wide distribution extending from Crowdy Head in New South Wales to Lancelin in Western Australia, including the entirety of Tasmania. Its range has expanded southward in the past few decades, apparently due to climate change. In Port Phillip, its numbers increased from 1970 to 1991, likely as a result of fisheries depleting its ecological competitors. Bottom-dwelling in nature, the sparsely-spotted stingaree inhabits a variety of sandy or seagrass-bottomed habitats, ranging from very shallow, sheltered bays and inlets to the open continental shelf, deep or more. Rays found further north, such as in the Great Australian Bight, tend to be found at depths greater than . By contrast, rays found further south, off Victoria and Tasmania, are most common in less than of water. There is no evidence for segregation by age or sex, though there may be an offshore migration during winter. Description The sparsely-spotted stingray has a more or less diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc wider than long, with rounded outer corners. The anterior margins of the disc are nearly straight and converge at an obtuse angle on the fleshy snout, the tip of which barely protrudes from the disc. The small eyes are immediately followed by comma-shaped spiracles with angular or rounded posterior rims. The outer rim of each nostril is enlarged into a knob towards the back. Between the nostrils is a bell-shaped curtain of skin with a finely fringed trailing margin; only the Kapala stingaree U. kapalensis has a similarly shaped nasal curtain. The small mouth contains five or six papillae nipple-like structures on the floor, most of which have forked tips. Additional small papillae are present on the outside of the lower jaw. The teeth in both jaws are small with roughly oval bases, and are arranged in a quincunx pattern. The five pairs of gill slits are short. The pelvic fins are small and rounded. The tail measures 7798 as long as the disc; it is very flattened at the base and slender towards the tip, which bears a deep, leaf-shaped caudal fin. There is a prominent fold of skin running along either side of the tail, and a serrated stinging spine placed on the upper surface about halfway along its length. There is no dorsal fin. The skin is completely devoid of dermal denticles. This species is uniformly light gray above with a darker V-shaped marking between the eyes, and white below with slightly darker lateral disc margins. Most rays from the southern portion of its range also have a handful of small, regularly arranged spots atop the disc, each white with a dark border. Juveniles have a black caudal fin, which lightens with age except sometimes for the margin. The largest individual on record was long. Biology and ecology During the day, the sparsely-spotted stingaree spends much time resting motionless on the bottom, often buried in sand. Crustaceans form the main component of its diet, accounting for over 80 of food intake by volume with amphipods, mysids, and shrimps being most important. Polychaete worms, mostly of the relatively mobile, shallowly buried errant type, are a major secondary food source. On rare occasions, molluscs, echinoderms, and small bony fishes are also eaten. This species incorporates a progressively greater diversity of prey into its diet as it grows older; specifically, mysids, isopods, and amphipods decline in importance, while shrimps, polychaete worms, penaeid prawns, and crabs are consumed in greater proportions. The sparsely-spotted stingaree is preyed upon by the broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus cepedianus. It is known to be parasitized by a tapeworm in the genus Acanthobothrium, and the monogeneans Calicotyle urolophi and Merizocotyle urolophi. Like other stingrays, the sparsely-spotted stingaree is aplacental viviparous: once the developing embryos exhaust their supply of yolk, the mother supplies them with nutrient-rich histotroph uterine milk via specialized extensions of the uterine epithelium called trophonemata. Females have a single functional ovary and uterus, on the right side, and an annual reproductive cycle. In the eastern subpopulation, ovulation occurs in spring or early summer and the litter size ranges from one to six, increasing with female size. The gestation period lasts approximately one year, and the newborns measure about long. Males reach sexual maturity at around long and two and a half years of age, and females at around long and three years of age. The maximum lifespan is at least 8 years for males and 9 years for females. In the western subpopulation, mating occurs in early or mid-summer and females only bear litters of one or two pups. The gestation period lasts ten months, with birthing taking place in late spring or early summer. The newborns measure across. Males mature sexually at around across and three years of age, and females at around across and five years of age. The maximum lifespan is 14 years. In both subpopulations, females grow more slowly and to a larger ultimate size than males. Human interactions Reported to be more aggressive than other stingarees, the sparsely-spotted stingaree readily employs its venomous sting if disturbed and can inflict a painful injury on a human. It is edible, but seldom brought to market. Fishing pressure is insignificant across large portions of this ray's range, including in the Great Australian Bight, though substantial numbers are caught incidentally by commercial fisheries off southeastern and southwestern Australia in beach seines and bottom trawls. The sparsely-spotted stingaree generally survives being captured, sorted, and discarded, though the process often causes it to abort any unborn young. Nevertheless, losses to fisheries appear to be sustainable at present, and thus the IUCN has listed this species under Least Concern. There are a number of small Marine Protected Areas MPAs within its range, and it would potentially benefit from the implementation of the 2004 Australian National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks. References External links Fishes of Australia : Urolophus paucimaculatus sparsely-spotted stingaree Category:Marine fish of Southern Australia sparsely-spotted stingaree Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Little Fires may refer to: Little Fires Everywhere novel, 2017 book by Celeste Ng Little Fires Everywhere miniseries, 2020 Hulu series

Topi is a town in the eastern part of the Swabi District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Topi is administratively subdivided into two Union councils: Topi East and Topi West. Tarbela Dam is located east of Topi. Geography Topi is located in the east of Swabi District of the Khyber Pukhtoonkwa Province of Pakistan. Topi is located to the west of the Tarbela Dam, the world's largest earth filled dam. Tarbela Dam is the largest hydroelectric generation project in Pakistan, producing 3,495 megawatts of electricity accounting for 40 percent of the Water and Power Development Authority's total power output as of 1980. Education sector The town of Topi is home of the Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology GIKI, named after Ghulam Ishaq Khan, a former President of Pakistan who had served at Topi during his illustrious career as a civil servant. Notable people Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan, a Pashtun educationist and politician, was born in Topi Bayazid Pir Roshan, the sixteenth century revolutionary Pashtun leader, died in Topi Notes References Category:Populated places in Swabi District

Sakura cheese is a soft cheese created in Hokkaidō, Japan. This cheese is a creamy white, and is flavored with mountain cherry leaves, and accented with pickled cherry blossom flowers; 'Sakura' means cherry blossom in Japanese, and is recognized as a symbol of Japan and Japanese culture. It is the first widely acclaimed Japanese cheese, as the vast majority of cheeses in general were a European/Mediterranean phenomenon. It has the rare distinction of winning a gold medal at the Mountain Cheese Olympics in Appenzell, Switzerland, which normally favors Swiss, Italian, or French cheeses almost exclusively for awards. The medal was in the soft cheese category. See also Sakuramochi Sakurayu List of cheeses References Category:Japanese cuisine Category:Japanese cheeses Category:Cherry blossom

Congenital dermal sinus is an uncommon form of cranial or spinal dysraphism. It occurs in 1 in 2500 live births. It occurs as a dermal indentation, found along the midline of the neuraxis and often presents alongside infection and neurological deficit. Congenital dermal sinus form due to a focal failure of dysjunction between the cutaneous ectoderm and neuroectoderm during the third to eight week of gestation.Typically observed in the lumbar and lumbosacral region, congenital dermal sinus can occur from the nasion and occiput region down. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial for cases of congenital dermal sinus. It ensures that neurological condition does not degrade and prevents infection. Diagnosis can be confirmed through the use of advanced neuroimaging to observe the tract and associated lesions. Embryogenesis During normal development, cutaneous ectoderm separates from neuroectoderm to allow for the insertion of mesoderm. That is, the skin separates from the tissue of the spinal cord to allow proper formation of the vertebral column. In cases of congenital dermal sinus there is a failure in this process, resulting in formation of a persistent connection between the skin and neural tissue. This manifests as a tract extending from the surface of the skin to the spinal cord lined with stratified squamous epithelium, surrounded by dermal and neurological tissue. The tract may terminate in the deep fascia, or even make contact with neural elements. Congenital dermal sinus may form at any point along the midline of the neuraxis, however, the majority form in the lumbar and lumbosacral region 41 and 35 of cases respectively. Diagnosis Congenital dermal sinus is often diagnosed in infants and children. Early diagnosis is important in congenital dermal sinus, so that treatment can be provided early, to prevent progression of associated complications. Clinical features There three key hallmarks of congenital dermal sinus: cutaneous abnormalities, infection, and neurological deficits. Cutaneous abnormalities Congenital dermal sinus is a tract from the surface layer of the skin, through the deeper tissues into the cranial or spinal cavity. The skin findings of this tract can include: Pit along neuraxis Flat capillary hemangioma Hypertrichosis Skin tag Abnormal pigmentation Subcutaneous lipoma Signs of local infection Infection The stratified squamous epithelium of the congenital dermal sinus tract can extend to the spinal fascia of the dura mater or all the way to the spinal cord. Thus, the congenital dermal sinus forms a point of entry for infection, this can allow for the formation of an abscess. Infection can then travel up the spinal cord to result in meningitis, which can be fatal if left untreated. Neurological deficit Congenital dermal sinus is often also associated with spinal fluid drainage, intradural cysts and spinal cord tethering; conveying neurological deficit. Neurological deficit can occur due to spinal cord compression from intradural dermoid cyst growth in the epidermis and dermis. Tethered spinal cord can result in gait difficulties and sphincter dysfunction, as well as compressing the spine. Neurological deficits are more likely to occur where diagnosis has not been timely, allowing cysts and or infection. Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI is the preferred tool for diagnostic and preoperative imaging of congenital dermal sinus. MRI allows the neural structures to be observed, visualizing the tract and its anomalies and lesions. For example, exposing tethered cord, inclusion tumors or spinal cord malformations. Observation by X-ray is limited in diagnosis, especially due to immature calcification of infants less than 18 months. X-ray may be used in conjunction with MRI or sonogram images to assist preoperatively. Treatment Treatment of congenital dermal sinus involves complete resection of the tract as well as intradural exploration. Prophylactic surgical removal of the congenital dermal sinus tract is beneficial for the patient, allowing neurological and bladder function to be maintained. Early surgical intervention results decreases the risk of infection and/or tumour progression factors typically associated with delayed presentation of congenital dermal sinus. ] Intradural exploration is necessary as excision of the entire tract, as well as any of its intradural connections, reduces need for further surgical intervention. The surgical technique involves removing the cutaneous lesion in ellipse. The tract of the congenital dermal sinus must then be explored and excised, with intradural lesions dissected. If not all epithelial tissue is removed, there is a possibility for the dermoid cyst to reoccur and require further operation. Further operations are limited by postoperative and post-infection scarring. Historically Prior to pervasive use and availability of advanced methods of neuroimaging, it is possible that the rate of incidence of congenital dermal sinus has been supplemented by the incidence of coccygeal pits. Coccygeal pits are distinct from congenital dermal sinus as they are found within the gluteal cleft, rather than above the gluteal cleft. The caudally orientated coccygeal pits are not associated with intradural pathology and do not need to be excised, unlike the cephalically oriented tracts of the congenital dermal sinus which confer great intradural pathology and require surgical intervention. While coccygeal pits occur in 4 of neonate population, congenital dermal sinus is only found in 1 in 2500 live births. References Category:Congenital disorders of nervous system Category:Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system Category:Cutaneous congenital anomalies

Carola Paul born in the 1960s is a former competitive figure skater who represented East Germany. She won bronze at the 1980 World Junior Championships, bronze at the 1980 Richmond Trophy, and gold at the 1980 Prague Skate, ahead of Anna Kondrashova. Paul competed at four senior ISU Championships her best results were eighth at the 1981 World Championships in Hartford, Connecticut and seventh at the 1982 European Championships in Lyon. She represented SC Einheit Dresden. Competitive highlights References Category:German female single skaters Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Dresden Category:World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists Category:1960s births

Vrata Tunnel is one of the shortest tunnels on the Croatian A6 motorway route. It is only long and consists of two tunnel tubes. It is located between Oštrovica and Vrata interchanges. The tunnel is tolled within the A6 motorway closed toll collection system. There are no other toll plazas related to use of the tunnel. The tunnel was excavated by Viadukt using New Austrian Tunneling method. The tunnel was originally designed to be long, but it was shortened due to the landslide on the western portal in the zone of contact between Paleozoic and carbonate layers. The tunnel is noteworthy since it comprises a bridge spanning a cavern found during excavation. Tunnel bridge During construction, a by by cavern was discovered intersecting the northbound tunnel tube away from the eastern tunnel portal. The cavern is located away from originally executed, southbound Vrata Tunnel tube and reaches to within of the ground surface. A bridge was built over the cavern, accounting for nearly one-quarter of the length of the tunnel. The surrounding rock was stabilized using geotechnical anchors to ensure safety before the bridge construction started. The deck of the bridge consists of reinforced concrete grillage supported by a pair of abutments and longitudinal reinforced concrete girders. Since there is an intermittent watercourse through the cavern, the tunnel tube was sealed to protect the cavern and water flowing through it. This was achieved by construction of a concrete structure covering the bridge deck, hiding the cavern from the motorway users and giving them impression of driving through an unbroken tunnel tube. Traffic volume Traffic is regularly counted and reported by Autocesta RijekaZagreb, operator of the A6 motorway and the tunnel, and published by Hrvatske ceste. Substantial variations between annual AADT and summer ASDT traffic volumes are attributed to the fact that the motorway carries substantial tourist traffic to Istria and Kvarner Gulf resorts. The traffic count is performed using analysis of toll ticket sales. See also A6 motorway List of longest tunnels References Category:Road tunnels in Croatia Category:Buildings and structures in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County

The photoacoustic effect or optoacoustic effect is the formation of sound waves following light absorption in a material sample. In order to obtain this effect the light intensity must vary, either periodically modulated light or as a single flash pulsed light. The photoacoustic effect is quantified by measuring the formed sound pressure changes with appropriate detectors, such as microphones or piezoelectric sensors. The time variation of the electric output current or voltage from these detectors is the photoacoustic signal. These measurements are useful to determine certain properties of the studied sample. For example, in photoacoustic spectroscopy, the photoacoustic signal is used to obtain the actual absorption of light in either opaque or transparent objects. It is useful for substances in extremely low concentrations, because very strong pulses of light from a laser can be used to increase sensitivity and very narrow wavelengths can be used for specificity. Furthermore, photoacoustic measurements serve as a valuable research tool in the study of the heat evolved in photochemical reactions see: photochemistry, particularly in the study of photosynthesis. Most generally, electromagnetic radiation of any kind can give rise to a photoacoustic effect. This includes the whole range of electromagnetic frequencies, from gamma radiation and X-rays to microwave and radio. Still, much of the reported research and applications, utilizing the photoacoustic effect, is concerned with the near ultraviolet/visible and infrared spectral regions. History The discovery of the photoacoustic effect dates back to 1880, when Alexander Graham Bell was experimenting with long-distance sound transmission. Through his invention, called photophone, he transmitted vocal signals by reflecting sun-light from a moving mirror to a selenium solar cell receiver. As a byproduct of this investigation, he observed that sound waves were produced directly from a solid sample when exposed to beam of sunlight that was rapidly interrupted with a rotating slotted wheel. He noticed that the resulting acoustic signal was dependent on the type of the material and correctly reasoned that the effect was caused by the absorbed light energy, which subsequently heats the sample. Later Bell showed that materials exposed to the non-visible ultra-violet and infra-red portions of the solar spectrum can also produce sounds and invented a device, which he called spectrophone, to apply this effect for spectral identification of materials. Bell himself and later John Tyndall and Wilhelm Röntgen extended these experiments, demonstrating the same effect in liquids and gases. However, the results were too crude, dependent on ear detection, and this technique was soon abandoned. The application of the photoacoustic effect had to wait until the development of sensitive sensors and intense light sources. In 1938 Mark Leonidovitch Veingerov revived the interest in the photoacoustic effect, being able to use it in order to measure very small carbon dioxide concentration in nitrogen gas as low as 0.2 in volume. Since then research and applications grew faster and wider, acquiring several fold more detection sensitivity. While the heating effect of the absorbed radiation was considered to be the prime cause of the photoacoustic effect, it was shown in 1978 that gas evolution resulting from a photochemical reaction can also cause a photoacoustic effect. Independently, considering the apparent anomalous behaviour of the photoacoustic signal from a plant leaf, which could not be explained solely by the heating effect of the exciting light, led to the cognition that photosynthetic oxygen evolution is normally a major contributor to the photoacoustic signal in this case. Physical mechanisms Photothermal mechanism Although much of the literature on the subject is concerned with just one mechanism, there are actually several different mechanisms that produce the photoacoustic effect. The primary universal mechanism is photothermal, based on the heating effect of the light and the consequent expansion of the light-absorbing material. In detail, the photothermal mechanism consists of the following stages: conversion of the absorbed pulsed or modulated radiation into heat energy. temporal changes of the temperatures at the loci where radiation is absorbed rising as radiation is absorbed and falling when radiation stops and the system cools. expansion and contraction following these temperature changes, which are translated to pressure changes. The pressure changes, which occur in the region where light was absorbed, propagate within the sample body and can be sensed by a sensor coupled directly to it. Commonly, for the case of a condensed phase sample liquid, solid, pressure changes are rather measured in the surrounding gaseous phase commonly air, formed there by the diffusion of the thermal pulsations. The main physical picture, in this case, envisions the original temperature pulsations as origins of propagating temperature waves thermal waves, which travel in the condensed phase, ultimately reaching the surrounding gaseous phase. The resulting temperature pulsations in the gaseous phase are the prime cause of the pressure changes there. The amplitude of the traveling thermal wave decreases strongly exponentially along its propagation direction, but if its propagation distance in the condensed phase is not too long, its amplitude near the gaseous phase is sufficient to create detectable pressure changes. This property of the thermal wave confers unique features to the detection of light absorption by the photoacoustic method. The temperature and pressure changes involved are minute, compared to everyday scale typical order of magnitude for the temperature changes, using ordinary light intensities, is about micro- to millidegrees and for the resulting pressure changes is about nano- to microbars. The photothermal mechanism manifests itself, besides the photoacoustic effect, also by other physical changes, notably emission of infra-red radiation and changes in the refraction index. Correspondingly, it may be detected by various other means, described by terms such as photothermal radiometry, thermal lens and thermal beam deflection popularly also known as mirage effect see Photothermal spectroscopy. These methods parallel the photoacoustic detection. However, each method has its special range of application. Other While the photothermal mechanism is universal, there could exist additional other mechanisms, superimposed on the photothermal mechanism, which may contribute significantly to the photoacoustic signal. These mechanisms are generally related to photophysical processes and photochemical reactions following light absorption: 1 change in the material balance of the sample or the gaseous phase around the sample; 2 change in the molecular organization, which results in molecular volume changes. Most prominent examples for these two kinds of mechanisms are in photosynthesis The first mechanism above is mostly conspicuous in a photosynthesizing plant leaf. There, the light induced oxygen evolution causes pressure changes in the air phase, resulting in a photoacoustic signal, which is comparable in magnitude to that caused by the photothermal mechanism. This mechanism was tentatively named photobaric. The second mechanism shows up in photosynthetically active sub-cell complexes in suspension e.g. photosynthetic reaction centers. There, the electric field which is formed in the reaction center, following the light induced electron transfer process, causes a micro electrostriction effect with a change in the molecular volume. This, in turn, induces a pressure wave which propagates in the macroscopic medium. Another case for this mechanism is Bacteriorhodopsin proton pump. Here the light induced change in the molecular volume is caused by conformational changes that occur in this protein following light absorption. Detection of the photoacoustic effect In applying the photoacoustic effect there exist various modes of measurement. Gaseous samples or condensed phase samples, where the pressure is measured in the surrounding gaseous phase, are usually probed with a microphone. The useful applicable time-scale in this case is in the millisecond to sub-second scale. Most often, In this case, the exciting light is continuously chopped or modulated at a certain frequency mostly in the range between ca. 1010000 Hz and the modulated photoacoustic signal is analyzed with a lock-in amplifier for its amplitude and phase, or for the inphase and quadrature components. When the pressure is measured within the condensed phase of the probed specimen, one utilizes piezoelectric sensors inserted into or coupled to the specimen itself. In this case the time scale is between less than nanoseconds to many microseconds The photoacoustic signal, obtained from the various pressure sensors, depends on the physical properties of the system, the mechanism that creates the photoacoustic signal, the light-absorbing material, the dynamics of the excited state relaxation and the modulation frequency or the pulse profile of the radiation, as well as the sensor properties. This calls for appropriate procedures to i separate between the signals due to different mechanisms and ii to obtain the time dependence of the heat evolution in the case of the photothermal mechanism or the oxygen evolution in the case of the photobaric mechanism in photosynthesis or the time dependence of the volume changes, from the time dependence of the resulting photoacoustic signal. Applications Considering the photothermal mechanism alone, the photoacoustic signal is useful in measuring the light absorption spectrum, particularly for transparent samples where the light absorption is very small. In this case the ordinary method of absorption spectroscopy, based on difference of the intensities of a light beam before and after its passage through the sample, is not practical. In photoacoustic spectroscopy there is no such limitation. the signal is directly related to the light absorption and the light intensity. Dividing the signal spectrum by the light intensity spectrum can give a relative percent absorption spectrum, which can be calibrated to yield absolute values. This is very useful to detect very small concentrations of various materials. Photoacoustic spectroscopy is also useful for the opposite case of opaque samples, where the absorption is essentially complete. In an arrangement where a sensor is placed in a gaseous phase above the sample and the light impinges the sample from above, the photoacoustic signal results from an absorption zone close to the surface. A typical parameter which governs the signal in this case is the thermal diffusion length, which depends on the material and the modulation frequency and ordinarily is in the order of several micrometers. The signal is related to the light absorbed in the small distance of the thermal diffusion length, allowing the determination of the absorption spectrum. This allows also to separately analyze a surface that is distinct from the bulk. By varying the modulation frequency and wavelength of the probing radiation one essentially varies the probed depth, which results in the possibility of depth profiling and photoacoustic imaging, which discloses inhomogeneities within the sample. This analysis includes also the possibility to determine the thermal properties from the photoacoustic signal. Recently, the photoacoustic approach has been utilized to quantitatively measure macromolecules, such as proteins. The photoacoustic immunoassay labels and detects target proteins using nanoparticles that can generate strong acoustic signals. The photoacoustics-based protein analysis has also been applied for point-of-care testings. Another application of the photoacoustic effect is its ability to estimate the chemical energies stored in various steps of a photochemical reaction. Following light absorption photophysical and photochemical conversions occur, which store part of the light energy as chemical energy. Energy storage leads to less heat evolution. The resulting smaller photoacoustic signal thus gives a quantitative estimate of the extent of the energy storage. For transient species this requires the measurement of the signal in the relevant time scale and the capability to extract from the temporal part of the signal the time-dependent heat evolution, by proper deconvolution. There are numerous examples for this application. A similar application is the study of the conversion of light energy to electrical energy in solar cells. A special example is the application of the photoacoustic effect in photosynthesis research. Photoacoustic effect in photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a very suitable platform to be investigated by the photoacoustic effect, providing many examples to its various uses. As noted above, the photoacoustic signal from wet photosynthesizing specimens e.g. microalgae in suspension, sea weed is principally photothermal. The photoacoustic signal from spongy structures leaves, lichens is a combination of photothermal and photobaric gas evolution or uptake contributions. The photoacoustic signal from preparations which carry out the primary electron transfer reactions e.g. reaction centers is a combination of photothermal and molecular volume changes contributions. In each case, respectively, photoacoustic measurements provided information on Energy storage i.e. the fraction of light energy which is converted to chemical energy in the photosynthetic process; The extent and dynamics of the gas evolution and uptake from leaves or lichens. Most usually it is photosynthetic oxygen evolution which contributes to the photoacoustic signal; Carbon dioxide uptake is a slow process and does not show up in photoacoustic measurements. Under very specific conditions, however, the photoacoustic signal becomes transiently negative, presumably reflecting oxygen uptake. However, this needs more verification; Molecular volume changes, which occur during the primary steps of photosynthetic electron transfer. These measurements provided information related to the mechanism of photosynthesis, as well as give indications on the intactness and health of the specimen. Examples are: a the energetics of the primary electron transfer processes, obtained from the energy storage and molecular volume change measured under sub-microsecond flashes; b The characteristics of the 4-step oxidation cycle in photosystem II, obtained for leaves by monitoring photoacoustic pulsed signals and their oscillatory behavior under repetitive exciting light flashes; c the characteristics of photosystem I and photosystem II of photosynthesis absorption spectrum, light distribution to the two photosystems and their interactions. This is obtained by using continuously modulated light of a certain specific wavelength to excite the photoacoustic signal and measure changes in energy storage and oxygen evolution caused by background light at various chosen wavelengths. In general, photoacoustic measurements of energy storage require a reference sample for comparison. It is a sample with exactly the same light absorption at the given excitation wavelength but which completely degrades all the absorbed light into heat within the time resolution of the measurement. It is lucky that photosynthetic systems are self-calibrating, providing such a reference in one sample, as follows: One compares two signals: one, which is obtained with the probing modulated/pulsed light alone and the other when a steady non-modulated light referred to as background light, which is strong enough to drive photosynthesis into saturation, is added. The added steady light does not produce any photoacoustic effect by itself, but changes the photoacoustic response due to the modulated/pulsed probing light. The resulting signal serves as a reference to all other measurements in absence of the background light. The photothermal part of the reference signal is maximal, since at photosynthetic saturation no energy is stored. At the same time the contribution of the other mechanisms tends to zero at saturation. Thus the reference signal is proportional to the total absorbed light energy. In order to separate and define the photobaric and photothermal contributions in spongy samples leaves, lichens one uses the following properties of the photoacoustic signal: 1 At low frequencies below roughly 100 Hz the photobaric part of the photoacoustic signal may be quite large and the total signal decreases under the background light. The photobaric signal is obtained in principle from the difference of signals the total signal minus the reference signal, after a correction to account for the energy storage. 2 At sufficiently high frequencies, however, the photobaric signal is very much attenuated in comparison with the photothermal component and can be neglected. Also, no photobaric signal can be observed even at low frequencies in a leaf with its inner air space filled with water. This is true also in live algal thalli, suspensions of microalgae and photosynthetic bacteria. This is because the photobaric signal depends on oxygen diffusion from the photosynthetic membranes to the air phase, and is largely attenuated as the diffusion distance in the aqueous medium increases. In all the above instances when no photobaric signal is observed one may determine the energy storage by comparing the photoacoustic signal obtained with the probing light alone, to the reference signal. The parameters obtained from the above measurements are used in a variety of ways. Energy storage and the intensity of the photobaric signal are related to the efficiency of photosynthesis and can be used to monitor and follow the health of photosynthesizing organisms. They are also used to obtain mechanistic insight on the photosynthetic process: light of different wavelengths allows one to obtain the efficiency spectrum of photosynthesis, the light distribution between the two photosystems of photosynthesis and to identify different taxa of phytoplankton. The use of pulsed lasers gives thermodynamic and kinetic information on the primary electron transfer steps of photosynthesis. See also Microwave auditory effect References Category:Acoustics Category:Spectroscopy Category:Medical diagnosis

The 2012 South Lakeland District Council election was held on 3 May 2012 to elect members of South Lakeland District Council in Cumbria, England. One third of the council was up for election, having been elected all out in 2008 and in thirds every year thereafter. Election results summary Ward results See also South Lakeland local elections References 2012 Category:2012 English local elections Category:2010s in Cumbria

BizkaiaDurango is a professional cycling team based in Spain, which competes in elite road bicycle racing events such as the UCI Women's World Tour. Team history 2014 BizkaiaDurango was active during 2014 in women's road cycling. On October 30, current Brazilian National Time Trial champion, Márcia Fernandes, was suspended for two years for returning a positive doping test for EPO by the Brazilian cycling federation. Riders in For the 2015 season the team signed; Coral Casado, Elisabet Escursell, Paula Lanz and Alba Teruel. On November 22 the Lierni Lekuona, Lourdes Oyarbide and Ainara Sanz signed extensions with the team. On December 4, the team signed Samara Sheppard and offered extensions to; Anna Ramirez, Mayalen Noriega and Dorleta Eskamendi. 2016 In 2016, the team was joined by Mauritian rider Kimberley Le Court, previously with British team Matrix Pro Cycling. Major wins 2004 Stage 5 Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin, Ghita Beltman Durango-Durango Emakumeen Saria, Joane Somarriba Overall Emakumeen Euskal Bira, Joane Somarriba Stages 2, 3a & 3b, Joane Somarriba 2005 Overall & Stage 2b Trophée d'Or Féminin, Joane Somarriba 2006 Handzame, Emma Johansson 2007 Stage 5 Emakumeen Euskal Bira, Gema Pascual Stage 2 La Route de France, Aran Azpiroz 2011 Stage 2 Giro Donne, Shara Gillow 2013 BergaraOsintxu, Irene San Sebastian 2014 Grand Prix of Maykop, Yulia Ilinykh Stage 2 Tour de San Luis, Clemilda Fernandes 2015 Stage 2 Tour of Adygeya, Elena Utrobina Stages 2 & 3 Vuelta a Burgos, Yulia Ilinykh Matiena-Abadiño, Yulia Ilinykh Campeonato de Euskadi, Yulia Ilinykh Zalla Road Race, Margarita Victoria Garcia 2016 Overall Vuelta a Burgos, Margarita Victoria Garcia Stage 1, Margarita Victoria Garcia Gran Premio Comunidad de Cantabria, Margarita Victoria Garcia Trofeo Gobierno de La Rioja, Margarita Victoria Garcia Trofeo Ria de Marin, Margarita Victoria Garcia Zizurkil-Villabona Sari Nagusia, Margarita Victoria Garcia 2017 Gran Premio Costa Blanca Calpe, Lourdes Oyarbide Grand Premio Ciudad de Alcobendas, Lourdes Oyarbide Stage 2 Vuelta a Burgos, Lourdes Oyarbide Stage 4 Vuelta Femenina Internacional a Costa Rica, Paola Munoz Trofeo Iturmendi, Lourdes Oyarbide Sopelana Torneo Euskaldun, Lourdes Oyarbide Tolosa, Lourdes Oyarbide Overall Bestmed Jock Tour, Carla Overholzer Stages 2 & 3, Carla Overholzer Trofeo Gobierno de La Rioja, Margarita Victoria Garcia 2018 Zeberio, Alice Marie Arzuffi Zizurkil, Lucia Gonzalez Deba, Cristina Martinez Lakuntza, Alice Marie Arzuffi Tour de Belle Isle en TerreKreiz Breizh Elites Dames, Danielle Christmas National and continental champions 2009 Spain Time Trial, Gema Pascual Torrecilla 2010 Slovenia Road Race, Polona Batagelj 2011 Slovenia Road Race, Polona Batagelj 2012 Pan American Track Points race, Paola Muñoz Pan American Track Scratch race, Lilibeth Chacon Spain Time Trial, Anna Sanchis Chile Time Trial, Paola Muñoz Spain Road Race, Anna Sanchis 2013 Spain Time Trial, Anna Sanchis Spain Road Race, Ane Santesteban Slovenia Road Race, Polona Batagelj 2014 Spain Time Trial, Leire Olaberria Hungary Time Trial, Veronika Anna Kormos Spain Road Race, Anna Ramírez Brazil Time Trial, Márcia Fernandes 2016 Spain Road Race, Margarita García Mauritius Road Race, Kimberly Le Court de Billot 2017 Namibia Road Race, Vera Adrian Namibia Time Trial, Vera Adrian Spain Time Trial, Lourdes Oyarbide Chile Time Trial, Paola Muñoz Team roster References External links Category:Cycling teams based in Spain Category:UCI Women's Teams Category:Cycling teams established in 2004 Category:2004 establishments in Spain Category:Cycle racing in the Basque Country

The Gloster Southern Railroad was a United States shortline railroad that operated in Mississippi and Louisiana. The GLSR began operation in 1990 and provided freight service from Gloster, Mississippi, to the Illinois Central Railroad now Canadian National Railway - CN interchange at Slaughter, Louisiana. The line was owned by Georgia-Pacific GP which had purchased and refurbished of an abandoned branch line to provide service to a GP oakwood mill in Gloster. The GLSR operated four or five freight trains per week until the plant closed in December 2002. One year later, Genesee and Wyoming Inc acquired three short-line railroads from GP. However, this sale did not include the GLSR. In September 2004, GP announced that they would re-open the Gloster oakwood mill. However, they did not continue to operate the GLSR. On January 6, 2008, a local railfan observed a Kansas City Southern Railway KCS train heading north through Lobdell, Louisiana. Behind the three KCS locomotives was a former GLSR CF7 locomotive which had its number boards covered with grey duct tape. The McComb Enterprise Journal reported on April 2, 2008, that the Georgia-Pacific Corporation is closing its railroad and that the town of Gloster was interested in the rail bed. The Gloster Southern Railroad applied to discontinue service on its entire line in December 2009, and crews began removing the railway and roadbed. By June 2013, it was reported that all of the track had been moved and sold for recycle. Equipment References American Shortline Railway Guide, 5th Edition, p135 Category:Louisiana railroads Category:Mississippi railroads Category:Spin-offs of the Illinois Central Gulf Railroad Category:Companies operating former Illinois Central Railroad lines

Anarkali Marikar is an Indian film actress who appears predominantly in Malayalam films. She made her debut in 2016 in the film Aanandam. Early life Anarkali was born to Niyas Marikar and Laly P. M. Her father is a photographer and mother a homemaker. She has an older sister named Lakshmi Marikar, who was a former child actor in the Malayalam film No. 1 Snehatheeram Bangalore North. Anarkali completed her degree in Mass communication from Mar Ivanios College in Thiruvananthapuram. She was offered the role in her debut film Aanandam through its cinematographer Anend C. Chandran, a friend to her sister. Career Anarkali was offered the leading role in the Lal Jose-directed 2015 film Nee-Na when she was in 12th grade, but declined as she was concentrating on her studies. She made her film debut in 2016 with the teenage romantic-comedy Aanandam, in a supporting role. Produced by Vineeth Sreenivasan and directed by debutant Ganesh Raj, it featured a group of youngsters. Her second film Vimaanam 2017 featured Prithviraj Sukumaran in the lead role, directed by debutante Pradeep Nair. She played the role, Gauri. After that, she was then cast in a leading role in Amala, directed by debutante Nishad Ebrahim. In 2018, she played Devika opposite Asif Ali in Mandharam. In 2019, she appeared in Uyare starring Parvathy, Tovino Thomas and Asif Ali, scripted by BobbySanjay and directed by debutante director Manu Ashokan. Manu, who previously worked with Anarkali in Vimaanam as an associate director cast her in the movie seeing her performance. Her role as Sariya D Costa, a friend of Pallavi Parvathy earned her amazing critical responses from audiences. Then she did a guest role in Marconi Mathai directed by debutante Sanil Kalathil. Starring Jayaram and Vijay Sethupathi. Filmography References External links Category:Actresses from Kochi Category:Indian film actresses Category:1997 births Category:Living people Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema Category:21st-century Indian actresses Category:Atheist feminists

Comcast v. National Association of African-American-Owned Media, 589 U.S. ___ 2020, is a United States Supreme Court case related to protections against racial discrimination in the Civil Rights Act of 1866. The case relates to whether cable television operator Comcast engaged in racial discrimination in refusing to carry channels from Entertainment Studios, a minority-owned network founded by Byron Allen. In a unanimous opinion in March 2020, the Court ruled that under the Civil Rights Act, Allen was burdened to show that race was but-for the sole reason Comcast failed enter into a contract with his network. Background Byron Allen founded Entertainment Studios in 1993 originally to produce syndicated television shows, but eventually grew to include a number of lifestyle channels. Since as recent as 2014, Allen started negotiations with Comcast to have the cable provider run Entertainment Studio's lifestyle channels, but they could not agree to contract terms. Allen filed a lawsuit filed under both Allen's National Association of African-American-Owned Media and Entertainment Studios in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against Comcast in February 2015, seeking in damages and citing that Comcast had used racial discrimination to deny him a contract, in violation of section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866. Allen alleged that Comcast was discriminating against 100-minority owned networks like Entertainment Studios, as only of the total carriage fees Comcast paid were to 100-minority owned networks. Comcast refuted the accusations, stating they had been in negotiations with Allen in good faith for several years to strike a deal. Comcast claimed that the lawsuit was an ordinary business grievance masquerading as a racial discrimination claim. Around the time of this filing, Comcast was in the midst of trying to acquire Time Warner, and Time Warner had been named in Allen's suit, but by April 2015, Comcast called off its acquisition. Allen also named several other groups including the NAACP, the National Urban League, the National Action Network, Al Sharpton and Meredith Attwell Baker, arguing that they had supported Comcast's earlier 2011 merger with NBCUniversal through a memorandum of understanding MOU, in which Allen claimed was to whitewash Comcasts discriminatory business practices. In the Comcast case, Judge Terry Hatter at the District Court had dismissed the case without prejudice in August 2015, stating that Allen had failed to allege a plausible claim for relief, but later allowed Hatter to refile an amended complaint. Allen's revised complain left only Comcast and Time-Warner as the defendants, but still asserted racial discrimination related to the MOU that had been signed earlier. By May 2016, Hatter had again dismissed Allen's suit for the lack of claim of relief, but allowed Allen to file a second amended claim. Simultaneous cases Allen had launched a similar lawsuit in December 2014 against AT&T, which owned DirecTV, but this was settled out of court by the end of 2015, with AT&T agreeing to pick up Allen's channels. Allen also filed a lawsuit against Charter Communications in January 2016, also in the Central District Court of California. The Charter case was approved of by Judge George H. Wu, finding that Allen had provided sufficient claims for potential discrimination. Ninth Circuit appeal Allen had appealed the ruling in the Comcast case to the Ninth Circuit, while Charter had done the same for its case. In November 2018, the Ninth Circuit overturned the Comcast case dismissal and rejected the Charter's request to dismiss, stating that, in the case of the Charter decision, Plaintiffs' allegations regarding Charter's treatment of Entertainment Studios, and its differing treatment of white-owned companies, are sufficient to state a viable claim. The Ninth Circuit rejected arguments made by Comcast and Charter that they had editorial discretion to select channels for their cable line-ups under the First Amendment. Supreme Court Comcast petitioned the Supreme Court of the United States for writ of certiorari to challenge the Ninth Circuit's decision, which the Court granted in June 2019. Charter separately filed its own petition to the Supreme Court in March 2019, which as of November 2019 remains at the petition stage, and thus not joined with the Comcast case. Oral arguments for the case were heard on November 13, 2019. The arguments focused on which of two tests to use to determine the merits of Allen's case that had been considered in the case's prior legal history. The first was whether there was evidence that race was a motivating factor in Comcast's decision to deny entering a contract with Allen, which had been used by the Ninth Circuit. This took into account the language of the Comcast/NBCUniversal MOU that Allen claimed established Comcast's motivation. The other but-for test was suggested by Comcast, in that if there was no race issue involved, that if Comcast would have still entered a deal with Allen. The Court released its opinion on March 23, 2020. In a unanimous decision vacating the decision of the Ninth Circuit and remanding the case to be reheard, the Court sided with Comcast's but-for test, in that Allen had to have shown that race was the sole deciding factor for the case, rather than the possibility that it may have only been a motivating factor. The decision was based on prior rulings from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center v. Nassar. Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote the majority opinion joined by all but Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who wrote a concurrence in part that concurred in the judgement. Ginsburg specifically wrote to counter Comcast's claims that such discrimination can only be only evaluated at the finalization of contract, as such discrimination could occur at any time during contract negotiations, such as when a bank requests letters of reference for a potential lender. Ginsburg also wrote, as a footnote, of having stated her past concern that a strict but-for causation standard is ill suited to discrimination cases and inconsistent with tort principles but recognized it was an established principle from past Supreme Court cases. Impact Civil rights organizations and leaders have condemned Comcast for its behavior in the case. In the weeks leading to the oral arguments at the Supreme Court, Representative Bobby Rush argued that Comcast should be broken up, stating Comcast has enjoyed the largesse as has the cable industry, in general of the African-American and other minority communities and has reached such prominence that it now disregard these communities with a cold, callous corporate insensitivity that is stultifying, arrogant, harmful, and intensely painful. Ian Millhiser of Vox said of the Supreme Court decision that it represented a change in the liberal justices' stance of the court to approach discrimination cases through a mixed motive discrimination, as previously set out in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, which gave plaintiffs seeking discrimination a greater benefit of the doubt than the but-for ruling from Comcast. Millhiser referred to the cases of Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc. and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center v. Nassar as cases since Price Waterhouse that went against the mixed motive allowance. Millhiser suggested that the liberal side of the court may have given into the conservative majority in Comcast to establish that the liberal side of the court was respecting the principle of stare decisis from previous court decisions such that the conservative side should also uphold stare decisis in other pending decisions. References External links Category:2020 in United States case law Category:United States Supreme Court cases Category:United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court

Hickam Housing is a census-designated place comprising part of Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam in the City & County of Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. The population was 6,920 at the 2010 census. The CDP occupies the area that was formerly Hickam Air Force Base. Geography The Hickam Housing CDP is centered on 21.3306, -157.9541. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 6.08, is water. The community is located on Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, primarily occupying the land that was formerly part of Hickam Air Force Base, but also occupying a small portion of land that was formerly part of Naval Station Pearl Harbor. The CDP is bordered to the east by Honolulu International Airport, to the south by Mamala Bay, to the west by the entrance to Pearl Harbor, and to the north by additional land within Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam. Demographics As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 5,471 people, 1,632 households, and 1,589 families residing at Hickam. The population density was 4,419.0 inhabitants per square mile 1,703.5/km². There were 1,718 housing units at an average density of 1,387.7 per square mile 534.9/km². The racial makeup of the town was 66.2 White, 11.7 Black, 0.6 Native American, 8.2 Asian, 1.0 Pacific Islander, 4.1 from other races, and 8.3 from two or more races. 8.4 of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. In 2000, there were 1,632 households out of which 73.3 had children under the age of 18 living with them, 90.9 were married couples living together, 3.8 had a female householder with no husband present, and 2.6 were non-families. 2.5 of all households were made up of individuals and 0.0 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.35 and the average family size was 3.40. On the base, the population was spread out with 40.4 under the age of 18, 7.9 from 18 to 24, 45.5 from 25 to 44, 5.9 from 45 to 64, and 0.3 who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.2 males. The median income for a household at Hickam was $42,298, and the median income for a family was $41,989. Males had a median income of $30,588 versus $23,548 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,039; 2.2 of the population and 2.1 of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 2.6 of those under the age of 18 and 25.0 of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. See also Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam References Category:Census-designated places in Honolulu County, Hawaii Category:Populated places on Oahu

Paulina Rubio is a Mexican singer and songwriter. She began her career in 1982 with the band Timbiriche and has been the most popular Latin acts in the world to the early-1990s. Rubio began his solo career with the EMI Music label in 1992 and in 2000 he continued with Universal Music. To date she has recorded 11 studio albums and is considered one of the most influential female artists. ALMA Awards The American Latino Media Arts Award, or ALMA Awards is a distinction awarded to Latino performers who promote positive portrayals of Latinos in the entertainment field. Paulina Rubio received one nomination in 2002. |- | rowspan=3 align=center|2002 | Paulina Rubio | Breakthrough artist/group | American Music Awards The American Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. Paulina Rubio received one nomination in 2004. |- | align=center|2004 | Paulina Rubio | Favorite Latin Artist | |- BMI Awards Broadcast Music, Inc. BMI is one of three United States performing rights organizations, along with ASCAP and SESAC. It collects license fees on behalf of songwriters, composers, and music publishers and distributes them as royalties to those members whose works have been performed. Paulina Rubio has been received 8 awards from 8 nominations. BMI London Awards |- | align=center|2003 | Yo No Soy Esa Mujer | rowspan=2|Latin Award | |- | align=center|2009 | Nena | |- BMI Latin Awards |- | rowspan=2 align=center|2002 | El Último Adiós | rowspan=6|Winning Songs | |- | rowspan=1 |Y Yo Sigo Aquí | |- | align=center|2003 | Yo No Soy Esa Mujer | |- | align=center|2004 | Todo Mi Amor | |- | align=center|2005 | Dame Otro Tequila | |- | align=center|2013 | Me Gustas Tanto | |- Grammy Awards The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences in the United States. Paulina Rubio has received two nominations. |- | align=center|2005 | Pau-Latina |rowspan=2|Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album | |- | align=center|2010 | Gran City Pop | |- International Dance Music Awards The International Dance Music Awards were established in 1985. It is a part of the Winter Music Conference, a weeklong electronic music event held annually. Paulina Rubio has received two awards from one nomination. |- | align=center|2003 | Paulina Rubio | Best New Dance Artist Solo | |- Lo Nuestro Awards The Lo Nuestro Awards is a Spanish-language awards show honoring the best of Latin music, presented by Univision, a Spanish-language television network based in the United States. The awards began in 1989. Paulina Rubio won 5 awards. |- | rowspan=2 align=center|1993 | rowspan=2|Paulina Rubio |rowspan=1| Female Artist of the Year, Pop | |- |rowspan=1|New Pop Artist of the Year | |- | rowspan=2 align=center|2001 | rowspan=1|Paulina Rubio |rowspan=1| Pop Female Artist | |- | rowspan=1|Paulina |rowspan=1| Pop Album | |- | rowspan=3 align=center|2002 | rowspan=1|Paulina Rubio |rowspan=1| Pop Female Artist | |- | rowspan=2|Y Yo Sigo Aquí |rowspan=1| Pop Song | |- |rowspan=1| Video of the Year | |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2003 | rowspan=1|Si Tú Te Vas |rowspan=1| Video of the Year | |- | rowspan=5 align=center|2005 | rowspan=2|Paulina Rubio |rowspan=1| Legendary Young Artist Award | |- |rowspan=1| Pop Female Artist | |- | rowspan=1|Pau-Latina |rowspan=1| Pop Album | |- | rowspan=2|Te Quise Tanto |rowspan=1| Song of the Year | |- |rowspan=1| Video of the Year | |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2006 | rowspan=2|Paulina Rubio |rowspan=2| Pop Female Artist | |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2008 | |- | rowspan=3 align=center|2010 | rowspan=1|Gran City Pop |rowspan=1| Pop Album | |- | rowspan=1|Paulina Rubio |rowspan=1| Pop Female Artist | |- | rowspan=1|Causa y Efecto |rowspan=1| Song of the Year | |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2011 | rowspan=3|Paulina Rubio |rowspan=3| Pop Female Artist | |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2012 | |- | rowspan=3 align=center|2013 | |- | rowspan=1|Brava! |rowspan=1| Pop Album | |- | rowspan=1|Me Gustas Tanto |rowspan=1| Pop Song | |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2014 | rowspan=1|Paulina Rubio |rowspan=1| Pop Female Artist | |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2019 | rowspan=1|El Último Adiós |rowspan=1| Replay Song of the Year | |- Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica Premios MTV Latinoamérica or VMALA's is the Latin American version of the Video Music Awards. Paulina Rubio has received three awards from thirteen nominations. |- | rowspan=4 align=center|2002 | rowspan=1|Si Tú Te Vas | Video of the Year | |- | rowspan=10|Paulina Rubio | Best Female Artist | |- | Best Pop Artist | |- | Best Artist North | |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2003 | Best Pop Artist | |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2004 | Best Pop Artist | |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2007 | Fashionista Award Female | |- | rowspan=6 align=center|2009 | Artist of the Year | |- | Best Solo Artist | |- | Best Pop Artist | |- | Best Artist North | |- | rowspan=1|Causa y Efecto | Video of the Year | |- | rowspan=1|Performance with Cobra Starship | Best Live Performance at Los Premios 2009 | |- Latin Billboard Music Awards The Billboard Latin Music Awards grew out of the Billboard Music Awards program from Billboard Magazine, an industry publication charting the sales and radio airplay success of musical recordings. Paulina Rubio has received 6 awards from 12 nominations. |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2001 | Paulina | Pop Album of the Year, Female | |- | rowspan=2 align=center|2003 | Todo Mi Amor | Latin Pop Airplay Track of the Year, Female | |- | Don't Say Goodbye/Si Tú Te Vas Remixes | Latin Dance Club Play Track of the Year | |- | rowspan=3 align=center|2005 | Paulina Rubio | Hot Latin Tracks Artist Of The Year | |- | Pau-Latina | Pop Album of the Year, Female | |- | Te Quise Tanto | Latin Pop Airplay Track Of The Year, Female | |- | rowspan=2 align=center|2007 | Ananda | Latin Pop Album of the Year, Female | |- | Ni Una Sola Palabra | Latin Pop Airplay Track Of The Year, Female | |- | rowspan=4 align=center|2010 | rowspan=3 align=center| Paulina Rubio | Hot Latin Songs - Female Artist of the Year | |- | Top Latin Albums Artist of the Year, Female | |- | Latin Pop Airplay Artist of the Year, Female | |- | rowspan=1 align=center| Causa y Efecto | Latin Pop Airplay Song of the Year: | |- Latin Grammy Awards The Latin Grammy Awards are awarded annually in the United States since 2000 for outstanding contributions to Spanish language music. Paulina Rubio has received seven nominations. Premios ERES Premios TVyNovelas Orquidea de Diamante Premio Furia Musical Premio Cassandra Premios TERRA Premios GQ España Premios GQ Mexico Premios DIAL de España Premio Microfono de Oro Premios People En Español Premios Paoli Premios Ondas Premio Tu Música Viña del Mar International Song Festival Awards Viña del Mar International Song Festival is considered the most important and prestigious music festival in Latin America. Paulina Rubio has appeared 4 times throughout her artistic career. In 2005 she was honored with the Gaviota de Plata at the request of the public. |- | rowspan=1 align=center|1994 | rowspan=3 align=center| Paulina Rubio | Premio Naranja | |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2000 | Medalla Especial | |- | rowspan=1 align=center|2005 | Gaviota de Plata | References External links Official Website Paulina Rubio Paulina Rubio

Ronnie Cramer born May 5, 1957 is an American film producer, film director, screenwriter, artist and composer. Born in Bismarck, North Dakota, Cramer currently lives and works in Denver, Colorado. During the 1980s he produced watercolor paintings, video installations and played guitar in several rock bands, most notably Alarming Trends, the subject and title of his first film 1987. Cramer's musical compositions include an award-winning score for the Fritz Lang sci-fi classic Metropolis 1927 film. As a director, Cramer gained national attention with his film Even Hitler Had a Girlfriend, a 1991 black comedy which was named Best Drive-In Movie of the Year by cult critic Joe Bob Briggs. Cramer's first documentary film was Highway Amazon 2001, which told the story of Christine Fetzer, a female body builder who travels the country wrestling men in hotel rooms. The film was named Best Documentary at the Humboldt Film Festival and has won other similar awards. Cramer's multimedia piece Pillow Girl combined traditional film techniques with pulp imagery and experimental music. It has been screened at over 150 film festivals worldwide and was named Best Experimental Work at several events, including the Miami Short Film Festival, the Route 66 Film Festival, and the Big Muddy Film Festival at Southern Illinois University. Cramer's other work includes the experimental films Cantata in C Major, Mugs, Sixty in 60, September Sketch Book, and Icons. Filmography Icons 2018 September Sketch Book 2014 Living Canvas 2012 Sixty in 60 2011 Mugs 2008 Cantata in C Major 2007 Pillow Girl 2004 30 Miles 2003 Highway Amazon 2001 The Hitler Tapes 1994 Even Hitler Had a Girlfriend 1991 Back Street Jane 1989 Alarming Trends 1987 Awards Icons Best Short Film, Logcinema Art Films Oct 2018 Best Animated Short, Independent Shorts Awards 2018 Best Animated Film, Feodosiya International Film Festival 2018 Best Animated Short Film, South Film and Arts Academy Festival 2018 Best Animation, Motion Pictures International Film Festival 2018 Best Animated Short, Fayetteville Film Fest 2018 Best Animated Short, Global Film Festival Awards 2018 Best Animated Film, Shahu International Short Film Festival 2019 Best Animated Film, Mahul Woods International Film Festival 2019 Best Animated Film, ReelHeART International Film and Screenplay Festival 2019 September Sketch Book Best Animated Film, Colony Short Film Festival 2016 Best Animation, North Wales Film Festival 2016 Best Animation, Colorado Film Awards 2016 Best Short Animation, Wolves Film Awards Lithuania 2016 Best Animation, ReelheART International Film Festival 2016 Gold Award, International Movie Awards 2014 Gold Award for Short Film, International Film & Photography Festival 2014 Orson Welles Award for Animation, California Film Awards 2014 Gold Award for Experimental Film, Oregon Film Awards 2015 Award of Excellence, Noida International Film Festival 2015 Living Canvas Best Experimental Film, Great Lakes International Film Festival 2013 Sixty in 60 Gold Award for Documentary, California Film Awards 2012 Best Mockumentary, Mountain Film Awards 2012 Silver Reel Award for Documentary, Nevada Film Festival 2011 First Place for Experimental Feature, The Indie Gathering 2011 Gold Medal for Excellence, Park City Film Music Festival 2011 Best Production Design for an Experimental Film, Los Angeles International Film Festival 2011 Best Editing for an Experimental Film, Los Angeles International Film Festival 2011 Merit Award for Experimental Film, Los Angeles Cinema Festival of Hollywood 2011 Mugs Best Experimental Film, Da Vinci Film Festival 2012 Northern Lights Emerging Talent Award, Alaska International Film Festival 2011 Golden Reel Award, Nevada Film Festival 2010 Experimental Film Honors, Best Editing, Best Visual Effects, Los Angeles Reel Film Festival 2010 John Muir Award for Animation, Yosemite Film Festival 2010 Experimental Gold Short Award, JamFest 2010 Platinum Award, American Pixel Academy 2010 Best Digital Film, San Francisco Frozen Film Festival 2009 Gold Kahuna Award, Honolulu International Film Festival 2009 Best Independent Experimental Work, Carolina Film and Video Festival 2008 Final Cut Award, Lake Havasu International Film Festival 2008 Cantata in C Major Best Art/Experimental Film, Blue Ridge Film and Music Festival 2012 Best Historic Documentary, American International Film Festival 2011 Audience Award for Music/Comedy, Film Festival of Hendricks County 2011 Golden Reel Award, Nevada Film Festival 2010 Best Experimental Film, Route 66 Film Festival 2009 Silver Palm Award, Mexico International Film Festival 2009 Aloha Accolade Award, Honolulu International Film Festival 2009 James W. Johnson Award, Flatland Film Festival 2008 Juror's Award, River's Edge Film Festival 2008 Pillow Girl Best Experimental Film, Route 66 Film Festival 2011 James W. Johnson Award, Flatland Film Festival 2007 First Place for Animation, Iowa City International Film Festival 2007 Audience Award Winner for Best Animation, Buffalo Niagara Film Festival 2007 Best Experimental Work, Big Muddy Film Festival 2007 Best Experimental Animation, Trail Dance Film Festival 2007 Special Jury Award, Portland International Short Short Film Festival 2006 Award Recipient for Experimental Film, Indie Gathering 2006 Best Experimental Film, Golden Star Shorts Fest 2006 Best Animated Short, Denver Underground Film Festival 2004 Best Experimental Film, Miami Short Film Festival 2004 Best Experimental Film, Coney Island Film Festival 2004 30 Miles Best Short Documentary, Delta International Film and Video Festival 2013 Concept Award, Filmstock UK 2004 Highway Amazon Best Short Documentary, Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival 2012 Silver Sierra Award, Yosemite International Film Festival 2011 Aloha Accolade Award, Honolulu Film Awards 2011 Best Documentary, Miami Short Film Festival 2004 Best DocumentaryExperimental Genre, New York International Independent Film Festival 2002 References External links Category:American film directors Category:1957 births Category:Living people Category:American screenwriters Category:American film producers

San Martín Base is a permanent, all year-round Argentine Antarctic base and scientific research station named after General José de San Martín, the Libertador of Argentina, Chile and Perú. It is located on Barry Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula. At the time of its foundation in 1951, it was the first human settlement south of the Antarctic Circle. it is Argentina's westernmost permanent base. San Martín is one of 13 research bases in Antarctica operated by Argentina. History The increased Antarctic activity that Argentina developed since 1940, along with the longstanding national interest to exercise effective sovereignty over one of the most remote areas of Antarctica created the need for a scientific station located south of the Antarctic Circle. In order to transport the personnel and materials to Marguerite Bay, where the new settlement was to be built, the Argentine Navy hired the Santa Micaela. Commanded by Overseas Captain Santiago Farrell, it was a cargo ship belonging to the Argentine shipping company Pérez Companc S. A.. The Santa Micaela left the port of Buenos Aires on 12 February 1951, and on 8 March it anchored at Marguerite Bay. The last part of the trip it was escorted by the Argentine Navy tug ARA Sanavirón. Over twelve working days the crew built the two-story main house with double wooden walls, a main deposit, an emergency house, five metal warehouses for supplies, housing for the dog packs, a power generator and the four towers for the high rhombic antenna. San Martín was inaugurated on 21 March 1951, in the presence of the Santa Micaela and ARA Sanavirón crews and the base personnel led by then Colonel Hernán Pujato. Since then, the meteorological station within the base provides detailed weather records and develops forecasts indispensable for the navigation of the sea waters adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula. On March 1952 the ARA Bahía Aguirre anchored at Marguerite Bay bringing a relief crew through a Sikorsky S-51 helicopter transfer, the first of its kind performed by the Argentine Armed Forces in Antarctica. On 30 June 1952 a fire, exacerbated by the ongoing blizzard, devoured the main house and two food stores, the power plant and the radio station. With rationed food and fuel, activities continued normally, carrying on with the explorations schedule as originally planned. During the 195253 season, thick ice blocked the way of relief ships, which aggravated the situation for the twenty base inhabitants. On 26 March 1953 the Argentine Air Force Avro Lincoln nicknamed Cruz del Sur airdropped food and other priceless items. Personnel at San Martín Base conducted several exploration expeditions to the northern and southern boundaries of the bay. They also crossed the Antarctic Peninsula mountain range, reaching the Mobiloil Inlet on the Weddell Sea. In 1960 the base was closed; it was reactivated as permanent on 21 March 1976. On 14 June 1962 an expedition led by then First Lieutenant Gustavo Adolfo Giró Tapper left Esperanza looking for a passage that would link the village with San Martín. Using snowcats and sleigh dogs they explored Duse Bay, Prince Gustav Channel, Cape Longing, Foca Nunataks, Ameghino Peninsula, Jason Island, Cape Robinson and Carreta Bay, where they had to leave the snow cats and continue with sleds to cross the cordillera. After reaching San Martín, they traveled back to Esperanza, where they arrived on 25 August. During the trip the party overcame numerous obstacles and withstood temperatures below and katabatic winds of . This feat is considered even now as the most important ever made in the area. Historic site Some unused installations of the base, a cross, a flagpole and a monolith erected in 1951, have been designated as Historic Site or Monument, following a proposal by Argentina to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. Description Marguerite Bay opens on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Wide and deep, the bay is closed between Belgrano and Alexander I islands, and the Fallieres Coast, making its access very difficult for most of the year due to the thick ice-covered waters. In this zone, rarely visited because of the difficulties and hazards for navigation, there are several groups of islands, islets, rocks and reefs that draw a network of channels and fjords, usually frozen. Some of the most important islands are the Pourquoi Pas, Herradura, Caballete and Millerand, all of them next to the Debenham archipelago, where San Martín was built. San Martín is composed of 14 buildings spanning a total area of . The base has several dependencies and facilities, namely: main house; airstrip; heliport; infirmary; chapel; main and auxiliary power plants; vehicle fleet a number of ski-doos, and a few snow tracks and ATVs and park, laboratory, mechanical and carpentry workshops, and several deposits. The all-year capable airstrip is located on nearby Uspallata Glacier; during winter the deeply frozen sea is also used to land light aircraft. The infirmary and basic operating suite is attended by a doctor and a nurse; it has one bed, x-ray and odontological facilities. San Martín is responsible for the maintenance of several Argentine-built refuges in the area: 17 de Agosto, El Plumerillo, Paso de los Andes, Chacabuco, Yapeyú, Maipo and Nogal de Saldán. Scientific activities The LASAN laboratory LAboratorio SAN Martín, managed by the Argentine Antarctic Institute, carries out active scientific research in the areas of geomagnetism, riometry, meteorology, ionospheric surveying through high altitude weather balloons, phytoplankton biology, satellite geodesy, glaciology, etc. An ongoing bilateral agreement between Argentina and Germany has prompted cooperation on glacier movement observations. Ona Refuge Refuge Ona is an Argentine Antarctic refuge installed and operated by the government of the Tierra del Fuego Province. The refuge was opened in 1995 and it is located from the San Martín Base on the glaciers of the Fallières Coast. The construction of the refuge was part of the scientific project, called Perito Moreno, carried out under an agreement signed between the Instituto Antártico Argentino and the University of Freiburg in Germany. The researchers carry out studies on the displacement of glaciers and the dynamics of the snow layers. The shelter has a capacity for four people, food for 15 days, fuel, gas and first aid kit. Climate The San Martín base has a polar climate that is moderated by its coastline position, hence having a mean for the mildest month. The most significant feature in the area's climate is the violent wind, with speeds well in excess of , which significantly increases the chill factor; such strong winds often blow for five or six days in a row, making it impossible to stay outdoors and turning any simple external work into a very dangerous task. The temperature is variable: on average it reaches in winter and in summer. The sea freezes between the months of June to November, its average thickness being about . The average annual snowfall is ; some rains have been recorded in recent years. See also Argentine Antarctica List of Antarctic research stations List of Antarctic field camps Crime in Antarctica References Notes Citations External links Fundaciòn Marambio Base San Martín Dirección Nacional del Antártico San Martin Category:Populated places established in 1951 Category:Historic Sites and Monuments of Antarctica Category:1951 establishments in Antarctica

Cornelius Neale 12 August 1789 February 1823, Chiswick was an English clergyman. Cornelius Neale came from a London family with an Evangelical background: his father James Neale was one of the founders of the London Missionary Society. He entered St John's College, Cambridge and graduated Senior Wrangler in 1812, with first Smith's Prize and the second Chancellor's medal. He was elected a fellow of his college. He was ordained and took a curacy in Leicester. He died of consumption in February 1823. In 1816 he married Susannah, daughter of John Mason Good: they had one son, John Mason Neale. References Michael Chandler, The Life and Work of John Mason Neale, Gracewing Jul 1995 . pp. 34 Olinthus Gregory, Charles Jerram, Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Character, Literary, Professional, and Religious of the late John Mason Good MD, Crocker and Brewster, Boston, Mass. 1829. pp. 256259 William Jowett, Memoir of the Rev. Cornelius Neale 2nd edition, 1835 External links William Jowett's Memoir of the Rev. Cornelius Neale M.A. 2nd edition, 1835 - full text online at google.com Category:1789 births Category:1823 deaths Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge Category:Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge Category:19th-century English Anglican priests Category:Evangelical Anglican clergy Category:Senior Wranglers

St. Joseph's Convent is a Roman Catholic secondary school for girls located in Castries, Saint Lucia. The school was founded in 1854 by the Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny. Notable alumnae Suzie d'Auvergne, High Court Judge. Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor General of Saint Lucia. Gale Rigobert, Member of Parliament for Micoud North In the media St. Joseph's was the main setting for the second episode of Extreme School, a CBBC show about badly behaving British students sent to strict forgone schools for a week References Category:Buildings and structures in Castries Category:Educational institutions established in 1854 Category:Schools in Saint Lucia Category:1854 establishments in the British Empire

Vimala College is a Roman Catholic college in Thrissur City of Kerala state, India. It was established in 1967 after bifurcating St. Mary's College, Thrissur. The college is under the management of the Nirmala Province, Thrissur, of the Congregation of Mother Carmel in the Roman Catholic Church. The college is under the religious jurisdiction of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur and is one of the leading educational institutions related to or run by church organizations . Vimala College was the only women's college in Kerala which offered exclusively graduate and post-graduate programmes. The college was presented the R Shankar Award in 2002 by the Government of Kerala for the best college in Kerala. It has been re-accredited with an A grade at 3.3 CGPA in a four-point scale in 2008 by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council, Bangalore. Notable alumni Gayatri Asokan: singer Anju Bobby George: national athlete Oviya: Actress Priya Prakash Varrier:Actress Molly P Benedict: Indian basket ball player References External links http://vimalacollege.edu.in/home.html Category:Catholic universities and colleges in India Category:Educational institutions established in 1967 Category:Colleges in Thrissur Category:Women's universities and colleges in Kerala Category:Arts and Science colleges in Kerala Category:Colleges affiliated with the University of Calicut

Maayajaalam is a Telugu film released on 12 May 2006. This film is directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy. Later this film was dubbed into Hindi as Naya Shoorveer. Plot Vamsi Srikanth is a marriage broker. He takes care of everything related to wedding, from searching alliance to sending the bride to her in-law's house. His brother Ravi Prakash is a sincere police officer. A doctor Shayaji Shinde and owner of a super specialty hospital who trades with the limbs of patients fixes his daughter Swathi's Deepa with an M.P. Pradeep's Pradeep Rawat son Chatrapathi Shafi. Vamsi is the matchmaker for that wedding. But Swathi receives Vamsi's photo by mistake and starts to consider Vamsi as her fiancé. Pradeep attacks and seizes Vamsi's brother, who collects all the evidence against the former's felonies. Brahmanandam, Ali, Venu Madhav and Krishna Bhagavan, the victims of the M.P. and ruthless doctor, become demons. How those spirits take vengeance on the doctor, how Vamsi could save his brother, and if Swathi marries Vamsi are the rest of the stuff to be watched on screen. Cast Srikanth as Vamsi Poonam Kaur Debut as Swati Rajender Pradeep Rawat as MP Pradeep Brahmanandam as Ghost Ali as Ghost Venu Madhav as Ghost Krishna Bhagavan as Ghost Shayaji Shinde as Doctor Shafi as Chhatrapati Ravi Prakash as Vamsi's brother Nakuul Mehta Gundu Hanumantha Rao Mallikarjuna Rao Ashok Kumar Sivaji Raja Duvvasi Mohan Babu Mohan Tanikella Bharani Geetha Hema Uttej J. V. Ramana Murthy Giri Babu L.B. Sriram Tirupathi Prakash Ganesh Apoorva Gundu Sudarshan Kishore Raati Jyothi Crew Presented by : K.Achchi Reddy Producer: R. R. Venkat Music :S. V. Krishna Reddy Screenplay :S. V. Krishna Reddy Direction :S. V. Krishna Reddy Cinematography :Vijay Kumar. C Story :Janardhana Maharshi Dialogues :Marudhri Raja Lyrics :Bhuvana Chandra, Chandra Bose and Viswa Editing :K.V. Krishna Reddy Action :Ram-Lakshman Graphics :Spirit Nipuna Choreography :Suchitra Chandra Bose, Prasanna and Swarna Art :J.P Release :12-05-06 Soundtrack Reception It received mixed reviews and was considered that Srikanth's role was nothing much and Poonam Kaur was good at being pretty in the film. Shafi's action was an overreacting act but did a good job with comedy. Sayaji Shinde was a messed up role. Ali, Venu Madhav, Krishna Bhagavan, and Brahmandam only blend a little comedy in the film. Pradeep Rawat played as the antagonist and had a perfect act. It was said S.V. Krishna Reddy needs to do a better job with making people act. Box office It was an average grosser at the box office. External links Category:2006 films Category:Indian films Category:2000s Telugu-language films Category:Films directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy

Trevor Hart born 18 November 1935 is an Australian former cricketer. He played one first-class cricket match for Victoria in 1959. See also List of Victoria first-class cricketers References External links Category:1935 births Category:Living people Category:Australian cricketers Category:Victoria cricketers Category:Cricketers from Melbourne

Candida Alvarez, was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1955. She is an American painter and a tenured professor of Painting and Drawing at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago where she has taught since 1998. Early life and education Candida Alvarez was born in Brooklyn to parents who had arrived from Puerto Rico two years earlier, and grew up in the Farragut Houses. Alvarez earned a BFA from Fordham University in 1977 and studied at the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in 1981. She earned her MFA from Yale School of Art in 1997, and studied at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland from 2010-2012. Career Alvarez is a painter known for her complex vibrantly layered combination of abstract and figurative forms rich in pop, historical and modern art references, incorporating world news and personal memories. Many of her painting employ silhouettes and bold colors, and display a fascination with the aesthetics of cartoons, kitsch, and the hand-crafted. Alvarez's works have included sculptures, collages, abstraction, and figuration, with materials as diverse as fabric, acrylic paint, enamel, galkyd, on various supports from canvas to cotton napkins to vellum. In Mambomountain, presented from December 2, 2012 to March 24, 2013 at Hyde Park Art Center in Chicago, Alvarez's brightly colored paintings offer distortions of the familiar. In Drawinggreen, presented from September 14, 2012 to October 13, 2012 at Riverside Arts Center in Chicago, Alvarez's plan with this artwork was to transform Freeark Gallery to 'directed reflection on a travel memoir'. According to the Hyde Park Art Center, in these works, current and historic moments and identities are fused together onto the canvas, producing a hybrid state of uncharted territory. Her painting has been included at the Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art in Kansas City. It was adopted by avant-garde Japanese fashion designer Rei Kawakubo. For the past two decades, she has taught at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. In an interview published by Hyde Park Art Center, Alvarez stated, Having run away from seemingly inadequate definitions for abstract painting, I find myself immersed in a relationship that tracks, exchanges, and shreds the world of news, front-page photography, design, and pictorial memory into a subject-less pictorial mash-up. In essence, there is no more picture; there is only painting. Other well-known works by Alvarez include Recollections: Works on Paper by Candida Alvarez & Vincent D. Smith presented at the Brooklyn Museum in 1979. Work need content about paintings Exhibitions Selected solo exhibitions 2017 Here, Chicago Cultural Center, Chicago IL 2012 drawinggreen, Riverside Arts Center, Chicago, IL 2011 Black, Peregrine Program, Chinatown, Chicago, IL 2003 Paradise, Rena Bransten Gallery, San Francisco, CA 2002 I'll Always Remember You, TBA Exhibition Space, Chicago, IL 1996 New/Now, New Britain Museum of American Art, New Britain, CT 1992 Recent Paintings, Bronx Museum of the Arts, Bronx, NY 1991 Paintings and Works on Paper, Queens Museum, Flushing, NY Selected group exhibitions 2007 The Inland See: Contemporary Art Around Lake Michigan, Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, MI 2006 Black Now, Longwood Arts Project, Bronx; organized by Fred Wilson; Faculty Sabbatical Exhibition, Betty Rymer Gallery, The School of the Art Institute of Chicago; TakeOver, Hyde Park Art Center, Chicago IL; 2005 All the Things We Love, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago IL; Splat, Boom, Pow: The Influence of Cartoons in Contemporary Art, Contemporary Art Museum, Houston, TX; 2000 Words-Objects-Acts, Museum of the City of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia; catalogue; Out of Line; Drawings by Illinois Artists, Chicago Cultural Center, Chicago, IL; Snapshot: An Exhibition of Snapshots Portraying Intimate or Family Photos, Contemporary Museum, Baltimore, MD Collections Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, MA El Museo Del Barrio, New York, NY Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, NY Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY References External links Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:American contemporary artists Category:African-American contemporary artists Category:African-American women artists Category:American people of Puerto Rican descent Category:American women painters Category:Artists from Brooklyn Category:Fordham University alumni Category:School of the Art Institute of Chicago faculty Category:Yale School of Art alumni Category:20th-century American painters Category:21st-century American painters Category:20th-century American women artists Category:21st-century American women artists Category:Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture alumni

Majid Jahandideh , born 7 August 1968 is an Iranian wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 52 kg at the 1992 Summer Olympics. References Category:1968 births Category:Living people Category:Iranian male sport wrestlers Category:Olympic wrestlers of Iran Category:Wrestlers at the 1992 Summer Olympics Category:Sportspeople from Tehran

Ailano is a comune municipality in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about north of Naples and about northwest of Caserta. References Category:Cities and towns in Campania

ATS-6 Applications Technology Satellite-6 was a NASA experimental satellite, built by Fairchild Space and Electronics Division It has been called the world's first educational satellite as well as world's first experimental Direct Broadcast Satellite as part of the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment between NASA and Indian Space Research Organisation ISRO. It was launched May 30, 1974, and decommissioned July 1979. At the time of launch, it was the most powerful telecommunication satellite in orbit. ATS-6 carried no fewer than 23 different experiments, and introduced several breakthroughs. It was the first 3-axis stabilized spacecraft in geostationary orbit. It was also the first to use experimentally with some success electric propulsion in geostationary orbit. It also carried several particle physics experiments, including the first heavy ion detector in geostationary orbit. During its five-year life, ATS-6 transmitted connection programming to various countries, including India, the United States and other regions. The vehicle also conducted air traffic control tests, was used to practice satellite-assisted search and rescue techniques, carried an experimental radiometer subsequently carried as a standard instrument aboard weather satellites, and pioneered direct broadcast TV. ATS-6 was a precursor to many technologies still in use today on geostationary spacecraft: large deployable antenna, 3-axis attitude control with slewing capabilities, antenna pointing through RF sensing, electric propulsion, meteorological radiometer in geostationary orbit, and direct to home broadcasting. It is also possible that ATS-6 was a forerunner of the large ELINT satellites such as Mentor. Launch ATS-6 was launched on May 30, 1974, by a Titan III-C launch vehicle. The spacecraft was inserted directly in the geosynchronous orbit. This reduced the on-board fuel requirements to less than 40 kg for a total mass at launch of nearly 1400 kg. The highly accurate orbit insertion further lowered the amount of fuel required for final positioning to 9 kg. This enabled a life extension from the original 2 year to 5 years, even accounting for the premature failure of the electric propulsion subsystem the station-keeping fuel requirement being around 1.6 kg/year. Structure, power subsystem and Antenna One of the major innovations of ATS-6 was an in-flight deployable antenna of more than 9 m in diameter. The antenna reflector was furled during launch under the launch vehicle fairing, and was deployed in orbit much like an umbrella. The antenna reflector was built from 48 aluminum ribs, supporting a metallized Dacron mesh. The antenna feeds in C, S, L, UHF and VHF bands were placed on the spacecraft body, facing the antenna reflector, and linked to the antenna and the solar panels masts by a carbon-fiber reinforced plastic CFRP truss. The solar panels were rigidly mounted on two deployable masts. They were of hemi-cylinder shape, thus providing a relatively constant power 595 W beginning of life. Electric power was supplied during eclipses by two Nickel cadmium batteries of 15-A·h capacity, powering a regulated 30.5-V bus. The satellite dimensions in orbit were 15.8-m width by 8.2-m height. This deployable antenna parabola was designed and developed by Lockheed Missiles and Space Company LMSC, now Lockheed Martin, under subcontract to Fairchild Aerospace, after several years of small study contracts at LMSC. The program manager at LMSC was GKC Colin Campbell. The deployment of the reflector was initiated by pyrotechnically operated SQUIB cable cutters. Deployment time was on the order of 2.5 seconds producing 2500 Ft Lbs of torque at the spacecraft interface. The reflector surface was designed for optimal operation at S-Band frequencies. It weighed 182 lbs at launch and stowed into a toroidal volume doughnut shaped approximately 6 feet in diameter and 10 inches thick. Three models were fabricated, the STM or structural test model, the F reflector and the G reflector. The STM was destroyed by Fairchild shortly after the program was finished and the F model was launched with the spacecraft in 1972. The G model sat unprotected in the Farchild parking lot for several years before it was donated to the Smithsonian. Bill Wade, the assistant program manager and test manager on the program supported The Smithsonian in the restoration by providing a complete set of drawings and specifications and visited the Silver Hill facility to provide technical guidance. At the time of launch it was the largest parabolic surface launched into orbit. Three-axis stabilisation ATS-6 has been the first geostationary satellite with three-axis stabilization and pointing., This subsystem was capable of a highly accurate pointing better than 0.1° through the inertial measurement units, down to 0.002° by using a radio-frequency interferometer.. Furthermore, the satellite was able to follow low earth orbit satellites through slewing, by tracking the low earth-orbit satellite through an S-band RF sensing. The system was also able to perform orbitography of the tracked satellite, and was a precursor to the operational system TDRSS. This highly advanced for the time pointing subsystem used earth and sun sensors, a star tracker pointed to the pole star, Polaris, and three inertial sensors. The sensor measurements were fed to two digital computers nominal and redundant, as well to a back-up analog computer. It was also possible to orient the satellite by using radio-frequency sensors. Actuators were three momentum wheels, and hot gas hydrazine mono-propellant thrusters. One of the momentum wheels having failed in July 1975, an alternative scheme was developed, allowing station-keeping with the two remaining wheels and thrusters. Radiometer A radiometer was on board ATS-6, mounted on the earth-facing panel. This instrument was for the time of very high resolution. It operated on two channels: infra-red 10.5 to 12.5 µm and visible light 0.55 to 0.75 µm. Images taken with the radiometer covered the whole earth disk, with a resolution of 1,200 lines of 2,400 pixels each 11 km square pixel in infra-red, and 5.5 km square in visible light. The IR detector was passively cooled at 115K, and the visible light detector maintained at 300K. A complete image of earth's disk was transmitted to ground every 25 minutes. Several hundreds images were taken and transmitted, until a mechanical component of the radiometer failed, two and a half months after launch. Telecommunication experiments The main mission of ATS-6 was to demonstrate the feasibility of direct-to-home DTH television broadcasting. To this end, in addition to the high-gain antenna, the spacecraft payload was able to receive in any of the VHF, C, S and L-bands, and to transmit in S-band 2 GHz through a 20-W solid state transmitter, in L-band 1650 MHz at 40W, in UHF 860 MHz at 80W which was used for the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment SITE, and with a TWTA-based transmitter of 20 W in C-band 4 GHz. The antenna produced two spots on earth of 400,000 km² each, in which the TV broadcast could be received with 3 meters diameter antennas. This payload was first used over the United States for tele-education and tele-medicine experiments, from August 1974 to May 1975 as part of the HET, or Health, Education, Telecommunications experiment developed jointly by NASA and the US Department of Health, Education, & Welfare now DHHS. The spacecraft was then moved over the geo-stationary arc from 94 °W to 35 °E, in collaboration with the Indian Space Agency ISRO, who had deployed in India more than 2500 receive ground stations. A tele-education programme was started Satellite Instructional Television Experiment or SITE and run for one year. During the experiment, a receive station was offered by the Indian Government to Arthur C. Clarke, who was living in Sri Lanka. This experiment was highly successful, and encouraged ISRO to start building an operational program, with the Indian spacecraft INSAT IB launched 1983. After the SITE experiment, the satellite was brought back over the United States, and served notably as a data-relay and tracking satellite for low-orbit spacecraft such as Nimbus 6, and for the Apollo-Soyuz flight. Electric propulsion ATS-6 was equipped with two electric thrusters based on the acceleration of cesium ions, that were to be used for North-South Station Keeping. This subsystem development followed earlier failed attempts on the previous ATS spacecraft. Each of the thrusters had a mass of 16 kg, used 150 W of electric power, and produced a thrust of 4 mN, with a specific impulse of 2500s. The on-board supply of cesium would have been sufficient for 4400 hours of thrust. Unfortunately, both thrusters failed prematurely, one after 1 hour of operation, one after 95 hours. However, some of the experiments objectives could be met, such as the measurement of the effective thrust, the absence of any interference with the radio-frequency payloads from 150 MHz to 6 GHz, no cesium redeposition on the critical parts of the payload such as the radiometer, and the correct neutralisation of the spacecraft versus its environment. Particle physics experiments Several particle physics experiments were on board ATS-6. The most significant measured low energy protons from 25 keV to 3.6 MeV, as well as detected heavy ions up to 6 MeV. This latter experiment allowed to detect the first heavy ions Z > 6 with an energy E > 4 MeV, in geostationary orbit. Propagation experiments Finally, ATS-6 embarked several beacons, which allowed to measure electromagnetic propagation properties of the atmosphere at 13, 18, 20 and 30 GHz. See also 1974 in spaceflight Applications Technology Satellite References External links ATS 6 ATS 6 Mission Information ATS-6 Gunter's space page Experimental Satellites ATS-6 engineering performance report. Volume 2: Orbit and attitude controls ATS-6 engineering performance report. Volume 3: Telecommunications and power ATS-6 engineering performance report. Volume 4: Television experiments ATS-6 engineering performance report. Volume 5: Propagation experiments ATS-6 engineering performance report. Volume 6: Scientific experiments Category:Communications satellites in geostationary orbit Category:Communications satellites Category:Weather satellites of the United States Category:Spacecraft launched in 1974 Category:1974 in spaceflight

The 1972 Cal State Hayward Pioneers football team represented California State University, Hayward in the 1972 NCAA College Division football season. Cal State Hayward competed in the Far Western Conference FWC. The Pioneers were led by second-year head coach Bob Rodrigo. They played home games at Pioneer Stadium in Hayward, California. The Pioneers finished the season with a record of two wins and eight losses 28, 23 FWC. They were outscored by their opponents 168348 for the 1972 season. Schedule Team players in the NFL No Cal State Hayward Pioneers players were selected in the 1973 NFL Draft. Notes References Cal State Hayward Category:Cal State Hayward Pioneers football seasons Cal State Hayward Pioneers f