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--- |
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language: multilingual |
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license: mit |
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widget: |
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- text: "and I cannot conceive the reafon why [MASK] hath" |
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- text: "Täkäläinen sanomalehdistö [MASK] erit - täin" |
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- text: "Det vore [MASK] häller nödvändigt att be" |
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- text: "Comme, à cette époque [MASK] était celle de la" |
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- text: "In [MASK] an atmosphärischen Nahrungsmitteln" |
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--- |
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# hmBERT: Historical Multilingual Language Models for Named Entity Recognition |
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More information about our hmBERT model can be found in our new paper: |
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["hmBERT: Historical Multilingual Language Models for Named Entity Recognition"](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.15575). |
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## Languages |
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Our Historic Language Models Zoo contains support for the following languages - incl. their training data source: |
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| Language | Training data | Size |
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| -------- | ------------- | ---- |
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| German | [Europeana](http://www.europeana-newspapers.eu/) | 13-28GB (filtered) |
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| French | [Europeana](http://www.europeana-newspapers.eu/) | 11-31GB (filtered) |
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| English | [British Library](https://data.bl.uk/digbks/db14.html) | 24GB (year filtered) |
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| Finnish | [Europeana](http://www.europeana-newspapers.eu/) | 1.2GB |
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| Swedish | [Europeana](http://www.europeana-newspapers.eu/) | 1.1GB |
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## Smaller Models |
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We have also released smaller models for the multilingual model: |
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| Model identifier | Model Hub link |
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| ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `dbmdz/bert-tiny-historic-multilingual-cased` | [here](https://huggingface.co/dbmdz/bert-tiny-historic-multilingual-cased) |
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| `dbmdz/bert-mini-historic-multilingual-cased` | [here](https://huggingface.co/dbmdz/bert-mini-historic-multilingual-cased) |
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| `dbmdz/bert-small-historic-multilingual-cased` | [here](https://huggingface.co/dbmdz/bert-small-historic-multilingual-cased) |
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| `dbmdz/bert-medium-historic-multilingual-cased` | [here](https://huggingface.co/dbmdz/bert-base-historic-multilingual-cased) |
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# Corpora Stats |
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## German Europeana Corpus |
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We provide some statistics using different thresholds of ocr confidences, in order to shrink down the corpus size |
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and use less-noisier data: |
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| OCR confidence | Size |
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| -------------- | ---- |
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| **0.60** | 28GB |
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| 0.65 | 18GB |
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| 0.70 | 13GB |
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For the final corpus we use a OCR confidence of 0.6 (28GB). The following plot shows a tokens per year distribution: |
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## French Europeana Corpus |
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Like German, we use different ocr confidence thresholds: |
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| OCR confidence | Size |
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| -------------- | ---- |
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| 0.60 | 31GB |
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| 0.65 | 27GB |
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| **0.70** | 27GB |
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| 0.75 | 23GB |
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| 0.80 | 11GB |
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For the final corpus we use a OCR confidence of 0.7 (27GB). The following plot shows a tokens per year distribution: |
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## British Library Corpus |
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Metadata is taken from [here](https://data.bl.uk/digbks/DB21.html). Stats incl. year filtering: |
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| Years | Size |
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| ----------------- | ---- |
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| ALL | 24GB |
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| >= 1800 && < 1900 | 24GB |
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We use the year filtered variant. The following plot shows a tokens per year distribution: |
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## Finnish Europeana Corpus |
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| OCR confidence | Size |
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| -------------- | ---- |
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| 0.60 | 1.2GB |
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The following plot shows a tokens per year distribution: |
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## Swedish Europeana Corpus |
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| OCR confidence | Size |
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| -------------- | ---- |
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| 0.60 | 1.1GB |
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The following plot shows a tokens per year distribution: |
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## All Corpora |
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The following plot shows a tokens per year distribution of the complete training corpus: |
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# Multilingual Vocab generation |
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For the first attempt, we use the first 10GB of each pretraining corpus. We upsample both Finnish and Swedish to ~10GB. |
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The following tables shows the exact size that is used for generating a 32k and 64k subword vocabs: |
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| Language | Size |
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| German | 10GB |
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| French | 10GB |
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| English | 10GB |
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| Finnish | 9.5GB |
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| Swedish | 9.7GB |
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We then calculate the subword fertility rate and portion of `[UNK]`s over the following NER corpora: |
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| Language | NER corpora |
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| -------- | ------------------ |
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| German | CLEF-HIPE, NewsEye |
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| French | CLEF-HIPE, NewsEye |
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| English | CLEF-HIPE |
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| Finnish | NewsEye |
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| Swedish | NewsEye |
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Breakdown of subword fertility rate and unknown portion per language for the 32k vocab: |
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| Language | Subword fertility | Unknown portion |
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| -------- | ------------------ | --------------- |
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| German | 1.43 | 0.0004 |
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| French | 1.25 | 0.0001 |
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| English | 1.25 | 0.0 |
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| Finnish | 1.69 | 0.0007 |
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| Swedish | 1.43 | 0.0 |
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Breakdown of subword fertility rate and unknown portion per language for the 64k vocab: |
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| Language | Subword fertility | Unknown portion |
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| -------- | ------------------ | --------------- |
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| German | 1.31 | 0.0004 |
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| French | 1.16 | 0.0001 |
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| English | 1.17 | 0.0 |
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| Finnish | 1.54 | 0.0007 |
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| Swedish | 1.32 | 0.0 |
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# Final pretraining corpora |
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We upsample Swedish and Finnish to ~27GB. The final stats for all pretraining corpora can be seen here: |
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| Language | Size |
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| -------- | ---- |
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| German | 28GB |
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| French | 27GB |
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| English | 24GB |
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| Finnish | 27GB |
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| Swedish | 27GB |
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Total size is 130GB. |
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# Pretraining |
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## Multilingual model |
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We train a multilingual BERT model using the 32k vocab with the official BERT implementation |
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on a v3-32 TPU using the following parameters: |
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```bash |
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python3 run_pretraining.py --input_file gs://histolectra/historic-multilingual-tfrecords/*.tfrecord \ |
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--output_dir gs://histolectra/bert-base-historic-multilingual-cased \ |
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--bert_config_file ./config.json \ |
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--max_seq_length=512 \ |
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--max_predictions_per_seq=75 \ |
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--do_train=True \ |
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--train_batch_size=128 \ |
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--num_train_steps=3000000 \ |
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--learning_rate=1e-4 \ |
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--save_checkpoints_steps=100000 \ |
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--keep_checkpoint_max=20 \ |
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--use_tpu=True \ |
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--tpu_name=electra-2 \ |
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--num_tpu_cores=32 |
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``` |
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The following plot shows the pretraining loss curve: |
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# Acknowledgments |
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Research supported with Cloud TPUs from Google's TPU Research Cloud (TRC) program, previously known as |
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TensorFlow Research Cloud (TFRC). Many thanks for providing access to the TRC ❤️ |
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Thanks to the generous support from the [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/) team, |
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it is possible to download both cased and uncased models from their S3 storage 🤗 |
