|
--- |
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tags: |
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- mteb |
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model-index: |
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- name: stella-base-zh |
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results: |
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- task: |
|
type: STS |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/AFQMC |
|
name: MTEB AFQMC |
|
config: default |
|
split: validation |
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revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: cos_sim_pearson |
|
value: 49.34825050234731 |
|
- type: cos_sim_spearman |
|
value: 51.74726338428475 |
|
- type: euclidean_pearson |
|
value: 50.14955499038012 |
|
- type: euclidean_spearman |
|
value: 51.74730359287025 |
|
- type: manhattan_pearson |
|
value: 50.016703594410615 |
|
- type: manhattan_spearman |
|
value: 51.63936364317057 |
|
- task: |
|
type: STS |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/ATEC |
|
name: MTEB ATEC |
|
config: default |
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split: test |
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revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: cos_sim_pearson |
|
value: 52.26876163587667 |
|
- type: cos_sim_spearman |
|
value: 52.818410137444374 |
|
- type: euclidean_pearson |
|
value: 55.24925286208574 |
|
- type: euclidean_spearman |
|
value: 52.818404507964686 |
|
- type: manhattan_pearson |
|
value: 55.21236977375391 |
|
- type: manhattan_spearman |
|
value: 52.80289117015117 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Classification |
|
dataset: |
|
type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi |
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name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (zh) |
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config: zh |
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split: test |
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revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: accuracy |
|
value: 40.245999999999995 |
|
- type: f1 |
|
value: 38.55443674287747 |
|
- task: |
|
type: STS |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/BQ |
|
name: MTEB BQ |
|
config: default |
|
split: test |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: cos_sim_pearson |
|
value: 61.553652835163255 |
|
- type: cos_sim_spearman |
|
value: 63.29065064027392 |
|
- type: euclidean_pearson |
|
value: 62.000329557485 |
|
- type: euclidean_spearman |
|
value: 63.290650638944825 |
|
- type: manhattan_pearson |
|
value: 62.02786936153664 |
|
- type: manhattan_spearman |
|
value: 63.32720383880146 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Clustering |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/CLSClusteringP2P |
|
name: MTEB CLSClusteringP2P |
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config: default |
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split: test |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: v_measure |
|
value: 39.71224230526474 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Clustering |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/CLSClusteringS2S |
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name: MTEB CLSClusteringS2S |
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config: default |
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split: test |
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revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: v_measure |
|
value: 36.55705201882987 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Reranking |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/CMedQAv1-reranking |
|
name: MTEB CMedQAv1 |
|
config: default |
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split: test |
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revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: map |
|
value: 85.69418720521168 |
|
- type: mrr |
|
value: 87.97444444444446 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Reranking |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/CMedQAv2-reranking |
|
name: MTEB CMedQAv2 |
|
config: default |
|
split: test |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: map |
|
value: 86.46348358482606 |
|
- type: mrr |
|
value: 88.81428571428572 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Retrieval |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/CmedqaRetrieval |
|
name: MTEB CmedqaRetrieval |
|
config: default |
|
split: dev |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: map_at_1 |
|
value: 23.721 |
|
- type: map_at_10 |
|
value: 35.428 |
|
- type: map_at_100 |
|
value: 37.438 |
|
- type: map_at_1000 |
|
value: 37.557 |
|
- type: map_at_3 |
|
value: 31.589 |
|
- type: map_at_5 |
|
value: 33.647 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1 |
|
value: 36.709 |
|
- type: mrr_at_10 |
|
value: 44.590999999999994 |
|
- type: mrr_at_100 |
|
value: 45.684999999999995 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1000 |
|
value: 45.732 |
|
- type: mrr_at_3 |
|
value: 42.331 |
|
- type: mrr_at_5 |
|
value: 43.532 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1 |
|
value: 36.709 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_10 |
|
value: 41.858000000000004 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_100 |
|
value: 49.775999999999996 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1000 |
|
value: 51.844 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_3 |
|
value: 37.067 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_5 |
|
value: 38.875 |
|
- type: precision_at_1 |
|
value: 36.709 |
|
- type: precision_at_10 |
|
value: 9.411999999999999 |
|
- type: precision_at_100 |
|
value: 1.5709999999999997 |
|
- type: precision_at_1000 |
|
value: 0.183 |
|
- type: precision_at_3 |
|
value: 21.154999999999998 |
|
- type: precision_at_5 |
|
value: 15.184000000000001 |
|
- type: recall_at_1 |
|
value: 23.721 |
|
- type: recall_at_10 |
|
value: 51.714000000000006 |
|
- type: recall_at_100 |
|
value: 84.60600000000001 |
|
- type: recall_at_1000 |
|
value: 98.414 |
|
- type: recall_at_3 |
|
value: 37.091 |
|
- type: recall_at_5 |
|
value: 42.978 |
|
- task: |
|
type: PairClassification |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/CMNLI |
|
name: MTEB Cmnli |
|
config: default |
|
split: validation |
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revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: cos_sim_accuracy |
|
value: 73.61395069152135 |
|
- type: cos_sim_ap |
|
value: 81.65459344597652 |
|
- type: cos_sim_f1 |
|
value: 75.66718995290425 |
|
- type: cos_sim_precision |
|
value: 68.4918529746116 |
|
- type: cos_sim_recall |
|
value: 84.5218611176058 |
|
- type: dot_accuracy |
|
value: 73.61395069152135 |
|
- type: dot_ap |
|
value: 81.64596407363373 |
|
- type: dot_f1 |
|
value: 75.66718995290425 |
|
- type: dot_precision |
|
value: 68.4918529746116 |
|
- type: dot_recall |
|
value: 84.5218611176058 |
|
- type: euclidean_accuracy |
|
value: 73.61395069152135 |
|
- type: euclidean_ap |
|
value: 81.6546013070452 |
|
- type: euclidean_f1 |
|
value: 75.66718995290425 |
|
- type: euclidean_precision |
|
value: 68.4918529746116 |
|
- type: euclidean_recall |
|
value: 84.5218611176058 |
|
- type: manhattan_accuracy |
|
value: 73.51773902585688 |
|
- type: manhattan_ap |
|
value: 81.57345451483191 |
|
- type: manhattan_f1 |
|
value: 75.7393958530681 |
|
- type: manhattan_precision |
|
value: 68.87442572741195 |
|
- type: manhattan_recall |
|
value: 84.12438625204582 |
|
- type: max_accuracy |
|
value: 73.61395069152135 |
|
- type: max_ap |
|
value: 81.6546013070452 |
|
- type: max_f1 |
|
value: 75.7393958530681 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Retrieval |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/CovidRetrieval |
|
name: MTEB CovidRetrieval |
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config: default |
|
split: dev |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: map_at_1 |
|
value: 73.551 |
|
- type: map_at_10 |
|
value: 81.513 |
|
- type: map_at_100 |
|
value: 81.734 |
|
- type: map_at_1000 |
|
value: 81.73700000000001 |
|
- type: map_at_3 |
|
value: 80.27300000000001 |
|
- type: map_at_5 |
|
value: 81.017 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1 |
|
value: 73.762 |
|
- type: mrr_at_10 |
|
value: 81.479 |
|
- type: mrr_at_100 |
|
value: 81.699 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1000 |
|
value: 81.702 |
|
- type: mrr_at_3 |
|
value: 80.33 |
|
- type: mrr_at_5 |
|
value: 80.999 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1 |
|
value: 73.867 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_10 |
|
value: 84.711 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_100 |
|
value: 85.714 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1000 |
|
value: 85.803 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_3 |
|
value: 82.244 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_5 |
|
value: 83.514 |
|
- type: precision_at_1 |
|
value: 73.867 |
|
- type: precision_at_10 |
|
value: 9.557 |
|
- type: precision_at_100 |
|
value: 1.001 |
|
- type: precision_at_1000 |
|
value: 0.101 |
|
- type: precision_at_3 |
|
value: 29.505 |
|
- type: precision_at_5 |
|
value: 18.377 |
|
- type: recall_at_1 |
|
value: 73.551 |
|
- type: recall_at_10 |
|
value: 94.521 |
|
- type: recall_at_100 |
|
value: 99.05199999999999 |
|
- type: recall_at_1000 |
|
value: 99.789 |
|
- type: recall_at_3 |
|
value: 87.777 |
|
- type: recall_at_5 |
|
value: 90.83200000000001 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Retrieval |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/DuRetrieval |
|
name: MTEB DuRetrieval |
|
config: default |
|
split: dev |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: map_at_1 |
|
value: 26.230999999999998 |
|
- type: map_at_10 |
|
value: 80.635 |
|
- type: map_at_100 |
|
value: 83.393 |
|
- type: map_at_1000 |
|
value: 83.431 |
|
- type: map_at_3 |
|
value: 55.717000000000006 |
|
- type: map_at_5 |
|
value: 70.387 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1 |
|
value: 90.75 |
|
- type: mrr_at_10 |
|
value: 93.569 |
|
- type: mrr_at_100 |
|
value: 93.648 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1000 |
|
value: 93.65 |
|
- type: mrr_at_3 |
|
value: 93.27499999999999 |
|
- type: mrr_at_5 |
|
value: 93.482 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1 |
|
value: 90.75 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_10 |
|
value: 87.801 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_100 |
|
value: 90.44 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1000 |
|
value: 90.776 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_3 |
|
value: 86.556 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_5 |
|
value: 85.468 |
|
- type: precision_at_1 |
|
value: 90.75 |
|
- type: precision_at_10 |
|
value: 42.08 |
|
- type: precision_at_100 |
|
value: 4.816 |
|
- type: precision_at_1000 |
|
value: 0.49 |
|
- type: precision_at_3 |
|
value: 77.60000000000001 |
|
- type: precision_at_5 |
|
value: 65.49000000000001 |
|
- type: recall_at_1 |
|
value: 26.230999999999998 |
|
- type: recall_at_10 |
|
value: 89.00200000000001 |
|
- type: recall_at_100 |
|
value: 97.866 |
|
- type: recall_at_1000 |
|
value: 99.569 |
|
- type: recall_at_3 |
|
value: 57.778 |
|
- type: recall_at_5 |
|
value: 74.895 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Retrieval |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/EcomRetrieval |
|
name: MTEB EcomRetrieval |
|
config: default |
|
split: dev |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: map_at_1 |
|
value: 47.599999999999994 |
|
- type: map_at_10 |
|
value: 57.296 |
|
- type: map_at_100 |
|
value: 58.011 |
|
- type: map_at_1000 |
|
value: 58.028 |
|
- type: map_at_3 |
|
value: 54.300000000000004 |
|
- type: map_at_5 |
|
value: 56.21000000000001 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1 |
|
value: 47.599999999999994 |
|
- type: mrr_at_10 |
|
value: 57.296 |
|
- type: mrr_at_100 |
|
value: 58.011 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1000 |
|
value: 58.028 |
|
- type: mrr_at_3 |
|
value: 54.300000000000004 |
|
- type: mrr_at_5 |
|
value: 56.21000000000001 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1 |
|
value: 47.599999999999994 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_10 |
|
value: 62.458000000000006 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_100 |
|
value: 65.589 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1000 |
|
value: 66.059 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_3 |
|
value: 56.364000000000004 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_5 |
|
value: 59.815 |
|
- type: precision_at_1 |
|
value: 47.599999999999994 |
|
- type: precision_at_10 |
|
value: 7.89 |
|
- type: precision_at_100 |
|
value: 0.928 |
|
- type: precision_at_1000 |
|
value: 0.097 |
|
- type: precision_at_3 |
|
value: 20.767 |
|
- type: precision_at_5 |
|
value: 14.14 |
|
- type: recall_at_1 |
|
value: 47.599999999999994 |
|
- type: recall_at_10 |
|
value: 78.9 |
|
- type: recall_at_100 |
|
value: 92.80000000000001 |
|
- type: recall_at_1000 |
|
value: 96.6 |
|
- type: recall_at_3 |
|
value: 62.3 |
|
- type: recall_at_5 |
|
value: 70.7 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Classification |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/IFlyTek-classification |
|
name: MTEB IFlyTek |
|
config: default |
|
split: validation |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: accuracy |
|
value: 47.46440938822624 |
|
- type: f1 |
|
value: 34.587004997852524 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Classification |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/JDReview-classification |
|
name: MTEB JDReview |
|
config: default |
|
split: test |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: accuracy |
|
value: 84.9906191369606 |
|
- type: ap |
|
value: 52.31309789960497 |
|
- type: f1 |
|
value: 79.55556102310072 |
|
- task: |
|
type: STS |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/LCQMC |
|
name: MTEB LCQMC |
|
config: default |
|
split: test |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: cos_sim_pearson |
|
value: 69.80872804636063 |
|
- type: cos_sim_spearman |
|
value: 75.83290476813391 |
|
- type: euclidean_pearson |
|
value: 74.09865882324753 |
|
- type: euclidean_spearman |
|
value: 75.83290698376118 |
|
- type: manhattan_pearson |
|
value: 74.0616102379577 |
|
- type: manhattan_spearman |
|
value: 75.81278969865738 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Retrieval |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/MMarcoRetrieval |
|
name: MTEB MMarcoRetrieval |
|
config: default |
|
split: dev |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: map_at_1 |
|
value: 65.029 |
|
- type: map_at_10 |
|
value: 74.39 |
|
- type: map_at_100 |
|
value: 74.734 |
|
- type: map_at_1000 |
|
value: 74.74300000000001 |
|
- type: map_at_3 |
|
value: 72.52 |
|
- type: map_at_5 |
|
value: 73.724 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1 |
|
value: 67.192 |
|
- type: mrr_at_10 |
|
value: 74.95100000000001 |
|
- type: mrr_at_100 |
|
value: 75.25500000000001 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1000 |
|
value: 75.263 |
|
- type: mrr_at_3 |
|
value: 73.307 |
|
- type: mrr_at_5 |
|
value: 74.355 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1 |
|
value: 67.192 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_10 |
|
value: 78.22200000000001 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_100 |
|
value: 79.76299999999999 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1000 |
|
value: 80.018 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_3 |
|
value: 74.656 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_5 |
|
value: 76.697 |
|
- type: precision_at_1 |
|
value: 67.192 |
|
- type: precision_at_10 |
|
value: 9.513 |
|
- type: precision_at_100 |
|
value: 1.027 |
|
- type: precision_at_1000 |
|
value: 0.105 |
|
- type: precision_at_3 |
|
value: 28.204 |
|
- type: precision_at_5 |
|
value: 18.009 |
|
- type: recall_at_1 |
|
value: 65.029 |
|
- type: recall_at_10 |
|
value: 89.462 |
|
- type: recall_at_100 |
|
value: 96.418 |
|
- type: recall_at_1000 |
|
value: 98.409 |
|
- type: recall_at_3 |
|
value: 80.029 |
|
- type: recall_at_5 |
|
value: 84.882 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Classification |
|
dataset: |
|
type: mteb/amazon_massive_intent |
|
name: MTEB MassiveIntentClassification (zh-CN) |
|
config: zh-CN |
|
split: test |
|
revision: 31efe3c427b0bae9c22cbb560b8f15491cc6bed7 |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: accuracy |
|
value: 65.56489576328177 |
|
- type: f1 |
|
value: 63.37174551232159 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Classification |
|
dataset: |
|
type: mteb/amazon_massive_scenario |
|
name: MTEB MassiveScenarioClassification (zh-CN) |
|
config: zh-CN |
|
split: test |
|
revision: 7d571f92784cd94a019292a1f45445077d0ef634 |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: accuracy |
|
value: 71.4862138533961 |
|
- type: f1 |
|
value: 71.171374964826 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Retrieval |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/MedicalRetrieval |
|
name: MTEB MedicalRetrieval |
|
config: default |
|
split: dev |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: map_at_1 |
|
value: 48.6 |
|
- type: map_at_10 |
|
value: 54.92700000000001 |
|
- type: map_at_100 |
|
value: 55.528 |
|
- type: map_at_1000 |
|
value: 55.584 |
|
- type: map_at_3 |
|
value: 53.55 |
|
- type: map_at_5 |
|
value: 54.379999999999995 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1 |
|
value: 48.8 |
|
- type: mrr_at_10 |
|
value: 55.028999999999996 |
|
- type: mrr_at_100 |
|
value: 55.629 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1000 |
|
value: 55.684999999999995 |
|
- type: mrr_at_3 |
|
value: 53.65 |
|
- type: mrr_at_5 |
|
value: 54.48 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1 |
|
value: 48.6 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_10 |
|
value: 57.965999999999994 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_100 |
|
value: 61.043000000000006 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1000 |
|
value: 62.624 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_3 |
|
value: 55.132000000000005 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_5 |
|
value: 56.621 |
|
- type: precision_at_1 |
|
value: 48.6 |
|
- type: precision_at_10 |
|
value: 6.75 |
|
- type: precision_at_100 |
|
value: 0.823 |
|
- type: precision_at_1000 |
|
value: 0.095 |
|
- type: precision_at_3 |
|
value: 19.900000000000002 |
|
- type: precision_at_5 |
|
value: 12.659999999999998 |
|
- type: recall_at_1 |
|
value: 48.6 |
|
- type: recall_at_10 |
|
value: 67.5 |
|
- type: recall_at_100 |
|
value: 82.3 |
|
- type: recall_at_1000 |
|
value: 94.89999999999999 |
|
- type: recall_at_3 |
|
value: 59.699999999999996 |
|
- type: recall_at_5 |
|
value: 63.3 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Reranking |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/Mmarco-reranking |
|
name: MTEB MMarcoReranking |
|
config: default |
|
split: dev |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: map |
|
value: 29.196130696027474 |
|
- type: mrr |
|
value: 28.43730158730159 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Classification |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/MultilingualSentiment-classification |
|
name: MTEB MultilingualSentiment |
|
config: default |
|
split: validation |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: accuracy |
|
value: 72.48333333333333 |
|
- type: f1 |
|
value: 72.00258522357558 |
|
- task: |
|
type: PairClassification |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/OCNLI |
|
name: MTEB Ocnli |
|
config: default |
|
split: validation |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: cos_sim_accuracy |
|
value: 65.13264753654575 |
|
- type: cos_sim_ap |
|
value: 70.52831936800807 |
|
- type: cos_sim_f1 |
|
value: 71.35353535353535 |
|
- type: cos_sim_precision |
|
value: 57.787958115183244 |
|
- type: cos_sim_recall |
|
value: 93.24181626187962 |
|
- type: dot_accuracy |
|
value: 65.13264753654575 |
|
- type: dot_ap |
|
value: 70.52828597418102 |
|
- type: dot_f1 |
|
value: 71.35353535353535 |
|
- type: dot_precision |
|
value: 57.787958115183244 |
|
- type: dot_recall |
|
value: 93.24181626187962 |
|
- type: euclidean_accuracy |
|
value: 65.13264753654575 |
|
- type: euclidean_ap |
|
value: 70.52828597418102 |
|
- type: euclidean_f1 |
|
value: 71.35353535353535 |
|
- type: euclidean_precision |
|
value: 57.787958115183244 |
|
- type: euclidean_recall |
|
value: 93.24181626187962 |
|
- type: manhattan_accuracy |
|
value: 64.8077964266378 |
|
- type: manhattan_ap |
|
value: 70.39954487476643 |
|
- type: manhattan_f1 |
|
value: 71.2270200940573 |
|
- type: manhattan_precision |
|
value: 59.84195402298851 |
|
- type: manhattan_recall |
|
value: 87.96198521647307 |
|
- type: max_accuracy |
|
value: 65.13264753654575 |
|
- type: max_ap |
|
value: 70.52831936800807 |
|
- type: max_f1 |
|
value: 71.35353535353535 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Classification |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/OnlineShopping-classification |
|
name: MTEB OnlineShopping |
|
config: default |
|
split: test |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: accuracy |
|
value: 90.34 |
|
- type: ap |
|
value: 87.79622626876444 |
|
- type: f1 |
|
value: 90.32357430051181 |
|
- task: |
|
type: STS |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/PAWSX |
|
name: MTEB PAWSX |
|
config: default |
|
split: test |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: cos_sim_pearson |
|
value: 27.9175458105215 |
|
- type: cos_sim_spearman |
|
value: 32.024302491613014 |
|
- type: euclidean_pearson |
|
value: 33.01780461609846 |
|
- type: euclidean_spearman |
|
value: 32.024301939183374 |
|
- type: manhattan_pearson |
|
value: 32.94874897942371 |
|
- type: manhattan_spearman |
|
value: 31.902283210178012 |
|
- task: |
|
type: STS |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/QBQTC |
|
name: MTEB QBQTC |
|
config: default |
|
split: test |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: cos_sim_pearson |
|
value: 36.288219964332754 |
|
- type: cos_sim_spearman |
|
value: 36.46838652731507 |
|
- type: euclidean_pearson |
|
value: 35.11414028811812 |
|
- type: euclidean_spearman |
|
value: 36.468386523814104 |
|
- type: manhattan_pearson |
|
value: 35.20922826624027 |
|
- type: manhattan_spearman |
|
value: 36.55349180906185 |
|
- task: |
|
type: STS |
|
dataset: |
|
type: mteb/sts22-crosslingual-sts |
|
name: MTEB STS22 (zh) |
|
config: zh |
|
split: test |
|
revision: 6d1ba47164174a496b7fa5d3569dae26a6813b80 |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: cos_sim_pearson |
|
value: 66.18186265837434 |
|
- type: cos_sim_spearman |
|
value: 67.52365178443915 |
|
- type: euclidean_pearson |
|
value: 65.46342439169497 |
|
- type: euclidean_spearman |
|
value: 67.52365178443915 |
|
- type: manhattan_pearson |
|
value: 67.3476263677961 |
|
- type: manhattan_spearman |
|
value: 69.09476240936812 |
|
- task: |
|
type: STS |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/STSB |
|
name: MTEB STSB |
|
config: default |
|
split: test |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: cos_sim_pearson |
|
value: 72.53864906415339 |
|
- type: cos_sim_spearman |
|
value: 72.63037820118355 |
|
- type: euclidean_pearson |
|
value: 72.42255276991672 |
|
- type: euclidean_spearman |
|
value: 72.63037820118355 |
|
- type: manhattan_pearson |
|
value: 72.36324244766192 |
|
- type: manhattan_spearman |
|
value: 72.58609772740323 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Reranking |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/T2Reranking |
|
name: MTEB T2Reranking |
|
config: default |
|
split: dev |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: map |
|
value: 66.45708148192449 |
|
- type: mrr |
|
value: 76.08372693469173 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Retrieval |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/T2Retrieval |
|
name: MTEB T2Retrieval |
|
config: default |
|
split: dev |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: map_at_1 |
|
value: 26.436999999999998 |
|
- type: map_at_10 |
|
value: 74.516 |
|
- type: map_at_100 |
|
value: 78.29899999999999 |
|
- type: map_at_1000 |
|
value: 78.372 |
|
- type: map_at_3 |
|
value: 52.217 |
|
- type: map_at_5 |
|
value: 64.24 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1 |
|
value: 88.23 |
|
- type: mrr_at_10 |
|
value: 91.06400000000001 |
|
- type: mrr_at_100 |
|
value: 91.18 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1000 |
|
value: 91.184 |
|
- type: mrr_at_3 |
|
value: 90.582 |
|
- type: mrr_at_5 |
|
value: 90.88300000000001 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1 |
|
value: 88.23 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_10 |
|
value: 82.511 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_100 |
|
value: 86.531 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1000 |
|
value: 87.244 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_3 |
|
value: 83.987 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_5 |
|
value: 82.46900000000001 |
|
- type: precision_at_1 |
|
value: 88.23 |
|
- type: precision_at_10 |
|
value: 41.245 |
|
- type: precision_at_100 |
|
value: 4.987 |
|
- type: precision_at_1000 |
|
value: 0.515 |
|
- type: precision_at_3 |
|
value: 73.675 |
|
- type: precision_at_5 |
|
value: 61.71 |
|
- type: recall_at_1 |
|
value: 26.436999999999998 |
|
- type: recall_at_10 |
|
value: 81.547 |
|
- type: recall_at_100 |
|
value: 94.548 |
|
- type: recall_at_1000 |
|
value: 98.197 |
|
- type: recall_at_3 |
|
value: 54.056000000000004 |
|
- type: recall_at_5 |
|
value: 67.93 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Classification |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/TNews-classification |
|
name: MTEB TNews |
|
config: default |
|
split: validation |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: accuracy |
|
value: 50.784 |
|
- type: f1 |
|
value: 48.89471168071432 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Clustering |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/ThuNewsClusteringP2P |
|
name: MTEB ThuNewsClusteringP2P |
|
config: default |
|
split: test |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: v_measure |
|
value: 63.19039347990962 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Clustering |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/ThuNewsClusteringS2S |
|
name: MTEB ThuNewsClusteringS2S |
|
config: default |
|
split: test |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: v_measure |
|
value: 55.357378578603225 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Retrieval |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/VideoRetrieval |
|
name: MTEB VideoRetrieval |
|
config: default |
|
split: dev |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: map_at_1 |
|
value: 58.8 |
|
- type: map_at_10 |
|
value: 68.623 |
|
- type: map_at_100 |
|
value: 69.074 |
|
- type: map_at_1000 |
|
value: 69.085 |
|
- type: map_at_3 |
|
value: 66.767 |
|
- type: map_at_5 |
|
value: 67.972 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1 |
|
value: 58.699999999999996 |
|
- type: mrr_at_10 |
|
value: 68.573 |
|
- type: mrr_at_100 |
|
value: 69.024 |
|
- type: mrr_at_1000 |
|
value: 69.035 |
|
- type: mrr_at_3 |
|
value: 66.717 |
|
- type: mrr_at_5 |
|
value: 67.92200000000001 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1 |
|
value: 58.8 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_10 |
|
value: 73.038 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_100 |
|
value: 75.16199999999999 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_1000 |
|
value: 75.422 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_3 |
|
value: 69.297 |
|
- type: ndcg_at_5 |
|
value: 71.475 |
|
- type: precision_at_1 |
|
value: 58.8 |
|
- type: precision_at_10 |
|
value: 8.67 |
|
- type: precision_at_100 |
|
value: 0.9650000000000001 |
|
- type: precision_at_1000 |
|
value: 0.099 |
|
- type: precision_at_3 |
|
value: 25.533 |
|
- type: precision_at_5 |
|
value: 16.38 |
|
- type: recall_at_1 |
|
value: 58.8 |
|
- type: recall_at_10 |
|
value: 86.7 |
|
- type: recall_at_100 |
|
value: 96.5 |
|
- type: recall_at_1000 |
|
value: 98.5 |
|
- type: recall_at_3 |
|
value: 76.6 |
|
- type: recall_at_5 |
|
value: 81.89999999999999 |
|
- task: |
|
type: Classification |
|
dataset: |
|
type: C-MTEB/waimai-classification |
|
name: MTEB Waimai |
|
config: default |
|
split: test |
|
revision: None |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: accuracy |
|
value: 86.61999999999999 |
|
- type: ap |
|
value: 69.93149123197975 |
|
- type: f1 |
|
value: 84.99670691559903 |
|
--- |
|
|
|
## stella model |
|
|
|
stella是一个通用的中文文本编码模型，目前有两个版本：base 和 large，**2个版本的模型均支持1024的输入长度**。 |
|
|
|
完整的训练思路和训练过程已记录在[博客](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/655322183)，欢迎阅读讨论。 |
|
|
|
**训练数据：** |
|
|
|
1. 开源数据(wudao_base_200GB[1]、m3e[2]和simclue[3])，着重挑选了长度大于512的文本 |
|
2. 在通用语料库上使用LLM构造一批(question, paragraph)和(sentence, paragraph)数据 |
|
|
|
**训练方法：** |
|
|
|
1. 对比学习损失函数 |
|
2. 带有难负例的对比学习损失函数(分别基于bm25和vector构造了难负例) |
|
3. EWC(Elastic Weights Consolidation)[4] |
|
4. cosent loss[5] |
|
5. 每一种类型的数据一个迭代器，分别计算loss进行更新 |
|
|
|
**初始权重：**\ |
|
stella-base-zh和stella-large-zh分别以piccolo-base-zh[6]和piccolo-large-zh作为基础模型，512-1024的position embedding使用层次分解位置编码[7]进行初始化。\ |
|
感谢商汤科技研究院开源的[piccolo系列模型](https://huggingface.co/sensenova)。 |
|
|
|
stella is a general-purpose Chinese text encoding model, currently with two versions: base and large, **both of them |
|
support input lengths of 1024.** |
|
|
|
The training data mainly includes: |
|
|
|
1. Open-source training data (wudao_base_200GB, m3e, and simclue), with a focus on selecting texts with lengths greater |
|
than 512. |
|
2. A batch of (question, paragraph) and (sentence, paragraph) data constructed on a general corpus using LLM. |
|
|
|
The loss functions mainly include: |
|
|
|
1. Contrastive learning loss function |
|
2. Contrastive learning loss function with hard negative examples (based on bm25 and vector hard negatives) |
|
3. EWC (Elastic Weights Consolidation) |
|
4. cosent loss |
|
|
|
Model weight initialization:\ |
|
stella-base-zh and stella-large-zh use piccolo-base-zh and piccolo-large-zh as the base models, respectively, and the |
|
512-1024 position embedding uses the initialization strategy of hierarchical decomposed position encoding. |
|
|
|
Training strategy:\ |
|
One iterator for each type of data, separately calculating the loss. |
|
|
|
## Metric |
|
|
|
#### C-MTEB leaderboard |
|
|
|
stella模型在C-MTEB[8]的结果，评测脚本请参见博客。 |
|
|
|
| Model Name | Model Size (GB) | Dimension | Sequence Length | Average (35) | Classification (9) | Clustering (4) | Pair Classification (2) | Reranking (4) | Retrieval (8) | STS (8) | |
|
|:------------------------:|:---------------:|:---------:|:---------------:|:------------:|:------------------:|:--------------:|:-----------------------:|:-------------:|:-------------:|:-------:| |
|
| **stella-large-zh** | 0.65 | 1024 | **1024** | **64.54** | 67.62 | 48.65 | 78.72 | 65.98 | 71.02 | 58.3 | |
|
| **stella-base-zh** | 0.2 | 768 | **1024** | **64.16** | 67.77 | 48.7 | 76.09 | 66.95 | 71.07 | 56.54 | |
|
| piccolo-large-zh | 0.65 | 1024 | 512 | 64.11 | 67.03 | 47.04 | 78.38 | 65.98 | 70.93 | 58.02 | |
|
| bge-large-zh | 1.3 | 1024 | 512 | 63.96 | 68.32 | 48.39 | 78.94 | 65.11 | 71.52 | 54.98 | |
|
| piccolo-base-zh | 0.2 | 768 | 512 | 63.66 | 66.98 | 47.12 | 76.61 | 66.68 | 71.2 | 55.9 | |
|
| bge-large-zh-no-instruct | 1.3 | 1024 | 512 | 63.4 | 68.58 | 50.01 | 76.77 | 64.9 | 70.54 | 53 | |
|
| [bge-base-zh | 0.41 | 768 | 512 | 62.8 | 67.07 | 47.64 | 77.5 | 64.91 | 69.53 | 54.12 | |
|
|
|
#### Evaluation for long text |
|
|
|
经过实际观察发现，C-MTEB的评测数据长度基本都是小于512的， |
|
更致命的是那些长度大于512的文本，其重点都在前半部分 |
|
这里以CMRC2018的数据为例说明这个问题： |
|
|
|
``` |
|
question: 《无双大蛇z》是谁旗下ω-force开发的动作游戏？ |
|
|
|
passage：《无双大蛇z》是光荣旗下ω-force开发的动作游戏，于2009年3月12日登陆索尼playstation3，并于2009年11月27日推...... |
|
``` |
|
|
|
passage长度为800多，大于512，但是对于这个question而言只需要前面40个字就足以检索，多的内容对于模型而言是一种噪声，反而降低了效果。\ |
|
简言之，现有数据集的2个问题：\ |
|
1）长度大于512的过少\ |
|
2）即便大于512，对于检索而言也只需要前512的文本内容\ |
|
导致**无法准确评估模型的长文本编码能力。** |
|
|
|
为了解决这个问题，搜集了相关开源数据并使用规则进行过滤，最终整理了6份长文本测试集,他们分别是： |
|
|
|
- CMRC2018，通用百科 |
|
- CAIL，法律阅读理解 |
|
- DRCD，繁体百科，已转简体 |
|
- Military，军工问答 |
|
- Squad，英文阅读理解，已转中文 |
|
- Multifieldqa_zh，清华的大模型长文本理解能力评测数据[9] |
|
|
|
处理规则是选取答案在512长度之后的文本，短的测试数据会欠采样一下，长短文本占比约为1:2，所以模型既得理解短文本也得理解长文本。 |
|
除了Military数据集，我们提供了其他5个测试数据的下载地址：https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WC6EWaCbVgz-vPMDFH4TwAMkLyh5WNcN/view?usp=sharing |
|
|
|
评测指标为Recall@5, 结果如下： |
|
|
|
| Dataset | piccolo-base-zh | piccolo-large-zh | bge-base-zh | bge-large-zh | stella-base-zh | stella-large-zh | |
|
|:---------------:|:---------------:|:----------------:|:-----------:|:------------:|:--------------:|:---------------:| |
|
| CMRC2018 | 94.34 | 93.82 | 91.56 | 93.12 | 96.08 | 95.56 | |
|
| CAIL | 28.04 | 33.64 | 31.22 | 33.94 | 34.62 | 37.18 | |
|
| DRCD | 78.25 | 77.9 | 78.34 | 80.26 | 86.14 | 84.58 | |
|
| Military | 76.61 | 73.06 | 75.65 | 75.81 | 83.71 | 80.48 | |
|
| Squad | 91.21 | 86.61 | 87.87 | 90.38 | 93.31 | 91.21 | |
|
| Multifieldqa_zh | 81.41 | 83.92 | 83.92 | 83.42 | 79.9 | 80.4 | |
|
| **Average** | 74.98 | 74.83 | 74.76 | 76.15 | **78.96** | **78.24** | |
|
|
|
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**注意：** 因为长文本评测数据数量稀少，所以构造时也使用了train部分，如果自行评测，请注意模型的训练数据以免数据泄露。 |
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## Usage |
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本模型是在piccolo基础上训练的，因此**用法和piccolo完全一致**。\ |
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**注意**：在stella中instruction里的冒号是英文冒号, 即`查询: `和`结果: `。 |
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在sentence-transformer库中的使用方法： |
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```python |
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# 对于短对短数据集，下面是通用的使用方式 |
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from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer |
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sentences = ["数据1", "数据2"] |
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model = SentenceTransformer('infgrad/stella-base-zh') |
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print(model.max_seq_length) |
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embeddings_1 = model.encode(sentences, normalize_embeddings=True) |
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embeddings_2 = model.encode(sentences, normalize_embeddings=True) |
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similarity = embeddings_1 @ embeddings_2.T |
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print(similarity) |
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# 如果是短对长数据集，推荐添加instruction，来帮助模型更好地进行检索。 |
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# 注意instruction里的是英文的冒号 |
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``` |
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直接使用transformers库： |
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```python |
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from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer |
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from sklearn.preprocessing import normalize |
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model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('infgrad/stella-base-zh') |
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('infgrad/stella-base-zh') |
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sentences = ["数据1", "数据ABCDEFGH"] |
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batch_data = tokenizer( |
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batch_text_or_text_pairs=sentences, |
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padding="longest", |
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return_tensors="pt", |
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max_length=1024, |
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truncation=True, |
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) |
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attention_mask = batch_data["attention_mask"] |
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model_output = model(**batch_data) |
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last_hidden = model_output.last_hidden_state.masked_fill(~attention_mask[..., None].bool(), 0.0) |
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vectors = last_hidden.sum(dim=1) / attention_mask.sum(dim=1)[..., None] |
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vectors = normalize(vectors, norm="l2", axis=1, ) |
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print(vectors.shape) # 2,768 |
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``` |
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## Training Detail |
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**硬件：** 单卡A100-80GB |
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**环境：** torch1.13.*; transformers-trainer + deepspeed + gradient-checkpointing |
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**学习率：** 1e-6 |
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**batch_size：** base模型为1024，额外增加20%的难负例；large模型为768，额外增加20%的难负例 |
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**数据量：** 约100万，其中用LLM构造的数据约有200K. LLM模型大小为13b |
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## ToDoList |
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**评测的稳定性：** |
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评测过程中发现Clustering任务会和官方的结果不一致，大约有±0.0x的小差距，基本上可以忽略不计，不影响评测结论。\ |
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但是不完全一样还是比较难理解的，本人试了bge和piccolo系列的模型都存在这个问题，个人猜测可能和使用的库、batch_size等环境有关。 |
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**更高质量的长文本训练和测试数据：** 训练数据多是用13b模型构造的，肯定会存在噪声。 |
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测试数据基本都是从mrc数据整理来的，所以问题都是factoid类型，不符合真实分布。 |
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**OOD的性能：** 虽然近期出现了很多向量编码模型，但是对于不是那么通用的domain，这一众模型包括stella、openai和cohere, |
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它们的效果均比不上BM25。 |
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## Reference |
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1. https://www.scidb.cn/en/detail?dataSetId=c6a3fe684227415a9db8e21bac4a15ab |
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2. https://github.com/wangyuxinwhy/uniem |
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3. https://github.com/CLUEbenchmark/SimCLUE |
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4. https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.00796 |
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5. https://kexue.fm/archives/8847 |
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6. https://huggingface.co/sensenova/piccolo-base-zh |
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7. https://kexue.fm/archives/7947 |
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8. https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding |
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9. https://github.com/THUDM/LongBench |
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