README.md

metadata

pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
  - finetuner
  - sentence-transformers
  - feature-extraction
  - sentence-similarity
datasets:
  - jinaai/negation-dataset
language: en
license: apache-2.0

The text embedding set trained by Jina AI, Finetuner team.

Intented Usage & Model Info

jina-embedding-t-en-v1 is a tiny small language model that has been trained using Jina AI's Linnaeus-Clean dataset. This dataset consists of 380 million pairs of sentences, which include both query-document pairs. These pairs were obtained from various domains and were carefully selected through a thorough cleaning process. The Linnaeus-Full dataset, from which the Linnaeus-Clean dataset is derived, originally contained 1.6 billion sentence pairs.

The model has a range of use cases, including information retrieval, semantic textual similarity, text reranking, and more.

With a tiny small parameter size of just 14 million parameters, the model enables lightning-fast inference on CPU, while still delivering impressive performance. Additionally, we provide the following options:

• jina-embedding-t-en-v1: 14 million parameters (you are here).
• jina-embedding-s-en-v1: 35 million parameters.
• jina-embedding-b-en-v1: 110 million parameters.
• jina-embedding-l-en-v1: 330 million parameters.
• jina-embedding-1b-en-v1: 1.2 billion parameters, 10 times bert-base (soon).
• jina-embedding-6b-en-v1: 6 billion parameters, 30 times bert-base (soon).

Data & Parameters

Please checkout our technical blog.

Metrics

We compared the model against all-minilm-l6-v2/all-mpnet-base-v2 from sbert and text-embeddings-ada-002 from OpenAI:

Name	param	dimension
all-minilm-l6-v2	23m	384
all-mpnet-base-v2	110m	768
ada-embedding-002	Unknown/OpenAI API	8192
jina-embedding-t-en-v1	14m	312
jina-embedding-s-en-v1	35m	512
jina-embedding-b-en-v1	110m	768
jina-embedding-l-en-v1	330m	1024

Name	STS12	STS13	STS14	STS15	STS16	STS17	TRECOVID	Quora	SciFact
all-minilm-l6-v2	0.724	0.806	0.756	0.854	0.79	0.876	0.473	0.876	0.645
all-mpnet-base-v2	0.726	0.835	0.78	0.857	0.8	0.906	0.513	0.875	0.656
ada-embedding-002	0.698	0.833	0.761	0.861	0.86	0.903	0.685	0.876	0.726
jina-embedding-t-en-v1	0.714	0.775	0.723	0.825	0.771	0.863	0.479	0.841	0.542
jina-embedding-s-en-v1	0.743	0.786	0.738	0.837	0.80	0.875	0.523	0.857	0.524
jina-embedding-b-en-v1	0.735	0.792	0.752	0.851	0.801	0.89	0.546	0.871	0.586
jina-embedding-l-en-v1	0.739	0.844	0.778	0.863	0.821	0.896	0.566	0.882	0.608

Inference Speed

We encoded a single sentence "What is the current weather like today?" 10k times on:

1. cpu: MacBook Pro 2020, 2 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i5
2. gpu: 1 Nvidia 3090

And recorded time spent to demonstrate the embedding speed:

Name	param	dimension	time@cpu	time@gpu
jina-embedding-t-en-v1	14m	312	5.78s	2.36s
all-minilm-l6-v2	23m	384	11.95s	2.70s
jina-embedding-s-en-v1	35m	512	17.25s	2.81s

Usage

Use with Jina AI Finetuner

!pip install finetuner
import finetuner

model = finetuner.build_model('jinaai/jina-embedding-t-en-v1')
embeddings = finetuner.encode(
    model=model,
    data=['how is the weather today', 'What is the current weather like today?']
)
print(finetuner.cos_sim(embeddings[0], embeddings[1]))

Use directly with sentence-transformers:

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
from sentence_transformers.util import cos_sim

sentences = ['how is the weather today', 'What is the current weather like today?']

model = SentenceTransformer('jinaai/jina-embedding-t-en-v1')
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(cos_sim(embeddings[0], embeddings[1]))

Fine-tuning

Please consider Finetuner.

Plans

1. The development of jina-embedding-s-en-v2 is currently underway with two main objectives: improving performance and increasing the maximum sequence length.
2. We are currently working on a bilingual embedding model that combines English and X language. The upcoming model will be called jina-embedding-s/b/l-de-v1.

Contact

Join our Discord community and chat with other community members about ideas.

Citation

If you find Jina Embeddings useful in your research, please cite the following paper:

@misc{günther2023jina,
      title={Jina Embeddings: A Novel Set of High-Performance Sentence Embedding Models}, 
      author={Michael Günther and Louis Milliken and Jonathan Geuter and Georgios Mastrapas and Bo Wang and Han Xiao},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2307.11224},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}