Model Card for Model ID

The TTPXHunter model is designed to automate the extraction of actionable threat intelligence by identifying Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) from unstructured narrative threat reports. Using natural language processing (NLP) techniques, TTPXHunter processes text, identifying adversarial tactics and techniques in accordance with established frameworks like MITRE ATT&CK. The model filters predictions based on a confidence threshold, ensuring only high-confidence TTPs are considered for analysis. Once identified, these TTPs are mapped to predefined labels, converting them into actionable insights for cybersecurity teams. This automation enhances the speed and accuracy of threat intelligence gathering, allowing for timely and effective responses to emerging threats.

Model Description

TTPXHunter is an advanced model aimed at automating the extraction of actionable threat intelligence from unstructured cybersecurity reports, with a particular focus on identifying Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs). These TTPs represent the strategies, methods, and activities used by cyber adversaries during attacks. Typically, threat reports, which are generated by cybersecurity researchers or intelligence units, are dense with information but are presented in a narrative form, making it difficult and time-consuming for security teams to extract relevant intelligence manually. TTPXHunter addresses this challenge by leveraging natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning to automatically analyze these reports and highlight the key components related to adversary behavior.

At its core, TTPXHunter functions by tokenizing and processing the raw text from threat reports, breaking it down into manageable pieces for analysis. Once the text is tokenized, the model applies sophisticated algorithms to detect and extract TTPs embedded within the narrative. These TTPs are crucial in understanding how a specific attack unfolds, as they align with known behaviors described in widely adopted frameworks like MITRE ATT&CK, which categorizes adversary behaviors into tactics and techniques.

TTPXHunter goes beyond simple text extraction by incorporating a prediction filtering mechanism. This involves applying a confidence threshold to the predicted TTPs, ensuring that only those with a high degree of certainty are retained for further use. This filtering process is essential for reducing noise and focusing on the most relevant and actionable insights from the text.

After identifying and filtering the TTPs, TTPXHunter maps them to predefined labels using a mapping system (such as id2label), which translates the extracted information into structured, actionable intelligence. These labels are often tied to industry-standard classifications, enabling cybersecurity teams to easily integrate the findings into their existing threat analysis workflows. For example, the model might map a detected technique directly to a known technique within the MITRE ATT&CK framework, allowing security teams to quickly correlate the intelligence with known adversary activities.

The final output of TTPXHunter is a set of unique TTP identifiers, along with their corresponding names, which represent a comprehensive view of the adversary’s strategies, techniques, and methods. This output provides security teams with the actionable data needed to enhance their defenses and inform their response strategies. By automating the extraction and mapping of TTPs, TTPXHunter significantly reduces the manual effort required to analyze narrative reports, accelerates the time to threat detection, and improves the overall accuracy of intelligence gathering.

In summary, TTPXHunter serves as a powerful tool in the realm of threat intelligence by automating the tedious and complex process of extracting TTPs from large volumes of unstructured text. It provides security professionals with the insights they need to stay ahead of cyber threats, making it a valuable asset in the modern cybersecurity landscape.

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Developed by: Nanda Rani and Bikash Saha

Model Sources [optional]

Fine-Tuning TTPXHunter for Specific Tasks

The TTPXHunter model can be fine-tuned for specific cybersecurity tasks, making it adaptable to various threat intelligence scenarios. By fine-tuning the model on domain-specific threat reports or focusing on certain threat actors, sectors, or techniques, the accuracy and relevance of the TTP extraction can be significantly enhanced.

Fine-tuning may involve retraining TTPXHunter on specialized datasets such as:

Industry-Specific Threat Reports: For example, threat intelligence reports in telecom, healthcare, or finance, which may focus on different TTPs.
Region-Specific Threats: Training the model on regional adversaries or geopolitically motivated cyber attacks.
Emerging Techniques: Fine-tuning to better capture newly observed attack vectors or novel techniques.

Fine-tuning allows TTPXHunter to perform more effectively in niche areas, enabling organizations to adapt the model to the nuances of their specific threat landscape. When fine-tuned, TTPXHunter can provide more targeted intelligence, helping security teams stay one step ahead of adversaries that focus on particular industries or regions.

Integrating TTPXHunter into Larger Ecosystems or Applications

TTPXHunter can also be integrated as a core component in a larger cybersecurity ecosystem or application. Its ability to automatically extract and map TTPs makes it suitable for various roles, such as:

Threat Intelligence Platforms (TIPs): By plugging TTPXHunter into a TIP, organizations can automatically enrich incoming threat reports with actionable intelligence, accelerating the correlation of new information with known attack patterns.
Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) Systems: Integration with SIEM systems allows TTPXHunter to analyze logs, alerts, and threat reports in real time, generating enriched insights that aid in threat hunting and incident response.
Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) Solutions: In the context of EDR, TTPXHunter can enhance detection capabilities by mapping endpoint behaviors and suspicious activity to specific TTPs, allowing faster identification of adversarial behaviors and informing the appropriate mitigation strategies.
Automated Threat Attribution Systems: Integrated into an attribution pipeline, TTPXHunter helps match TTPs from unstructured reports to known adversaries, improving accuracy in linking incidents to specific threat actors.
Machine Learning Pipelines for Threat Prediction: When coupled with other machine learning models for anomaly detection or predictive analytics, TTPXHunter can serve as a feature extractor, contributing TTP-based intelligence to the model and improving prediction accuracy.

By integrating TTPXHunter into these systems, organizations can enhance their overall cybersecurity posture, making real-time detection and response more intelligent and actionable. Additionally, its outputs can be fed into orchestration tools to automate the response to detected threats based on the extracted TTPs, allowing for rapid action to mitigate adversarial activities.

How to Get Started with the Model

Run the notebook named TTPXHunter.ipynb available at project GitHub link

BibTeX:

@article{10.1145/3696427, author = {Rani, Nanda and Saha, Bikash and Maurya, Vikas and Shukla, Sandeep Kumar}, title = {TTPXHunter: Actionable Threat Intelligence Extraction as TTPs from Finished Cyber Threat Reports}, year = {2024}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3696427}, doi = {10.1145/3696427}, journal = {Digital Threats: Research and Practice}, month = {sep} }

APA:

Nanda Rani, Bikash Saha, Vikas Maurya, and Sandeep Kumar Shukla. 2024. TTPXHunter: Actionable Threat Intelligence Extraction as TTPs from Finished Cyber Threat Reports. Digital Threats Just Accepted (September 2024). https://doi.org/10.1145/3696427