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--- |
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license: mit |
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datasets: |
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- wikipedia |
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language: |
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- it |
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widget: |
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- text: "milano è una <mask> dell'italia" |
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example_title: "Example 1" |
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- text: "giacomo leopardi è stato uno dei più grandi <mask> del classicismo italiano" |
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example_title: "Example 2" |
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- text: "la pizza è un noto simbolo della <mask> gastronomica italiana" |
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example_title: "Example 3" |
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--- |
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<body> |
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<span class="vertical-text" style="background-color:lightgreen;border-radius: 3px;padding: 3px;"> </span> |
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<br> |
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<span class="vertical-text" style="background-color:orange;border-radius: 3px;padding: 3px;"> </span> |
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<br> |
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<span class="vertical-text" style="background-color:lightblue;border-radius: 3px;padding: 3px;"> Model: FLARE 🔥</span> |
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<br> |
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<span class="vertical-text" style="background-color:tomato;border-radius: 3px;padding: 3px;"> Lang: IT</span> |
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<br> |
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<span class="vertical-text" style="background-color:lightgrey;border-radius: 3px;padding: 3px;"> </span> |
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<br> |
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<span class="vertical-text" style="background-color:#CF9FFF;border-radius: 3px;padding: 3px;"> </span> |
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</body> |
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<h3>Introduction</h3> |
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This model is a <b>lightweight</b> and uncased version of <b>MiniLM</b> <b>[1]</b> for the <b>Italian</b> language. Its <b>17M parameters</b> and <b>67MB</b> size make it |
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<b>85% lighter</b> than a typical mono-lingual BERT model. It is ideal when memory consumption and execution speed are critical while maintaining high-quality results. |
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<h3>AILC CLiC-IT 2023 Proceedings</h3> |
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Flare-IT is part of the publication "Blaze-IT: a lightweight BERT model for the Italian language", which has been accepted at AILC CLiC-IT 2023 and published in the conference proceedings. |
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You can find the proceedings here: https://clic2023.ilc.cnr.it/proceedings/ |
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And the published paper here: https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3596/paper43.pdf |
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<h3>Model description</h3> |
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The model builds on <b>mMiniLMv2</b> <b>[1]</b> (from Microsoft: [L6xH384 mMiniLMv2](https://github.com/microsoft/unilm/tree/master/minilm)) as a starting point, |
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focusing it on the Italian language while at the same time turning it into an uncased model by modifying the embedding layer |
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(as in <b>[2]</b>, but computing document-level frequencies over the <b>Wikipedia</b> dataset and setting a frequency threshold of 0.1%), which brings a considerable |
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reduction in the number of parameters. |
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To compensate for the deletion of cased tokens, which now forces the model to exploit lowercase representations of words previously capitalized, |
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the model has been further pre-trained on the Italian split of the [Wikipedia](https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikipedia) dataset, using the <b>whole word masking [3]</b> technique to make it more robust |
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to the new uncased representations. |
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The resulting model has 17M parameters, a vocabulary of 14.610 tokens, and a size of 67MB, which makes it <b>85% lighter</b> than a typical mono-lingual BERT model and |
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75% lighter than a standard mono-lingual DistilBERT model. |
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<h3>Training procedure</h3> |
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The model has been trained for <b>masked language modeling</b> on the Italian <b>Wikipedia</b> (~3GB) dataset for 10K steps, using the AdamW optimizer, with a batch size of 512 |
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(obtained through 128 gradient accumulation steps), |
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a sequence length of 512, and a linearly decaying learning rate starting from 5e-5. The training has been performed using <b>dynamic masking</b> between epochs and |
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exploiting the <b>whole word masking</b> technique. |
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<h3>Performances</h3> |
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The following metrics have been computed on the Part of Speech Tagging and Named Entity Recognition tasks, using the <b>UD Italian ISDT</b> and <b>WikiNER</b> datasets, respectively. |
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The PoST model has been trained for 5 epochs, and the NER model for 3 epochs, both with a constant learning rate, fixed at 1e-5. For Part of Speech Tagging, the metrics have been computed on the default test set |
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provided with the dataset, while for Named Entity Recognition the metrics have been computed with a 5-fold cross-validation |
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| Task | Recall | Precision | F1 | |
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| ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | |
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| Part of Speech Tagging | 95.64 | 95.32 | 95.45 | |
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| Named Entity Recognition | 82.27 | 80.64 | 81.29 | |
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The metrics have been computed at the token level and macro-averaged over the classes. |
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<h3>Demo</h3> |
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You can try the model online (fine-tuned on named entity recognition) using this web app: https://huggingface.co/spaces/osiria/flare-it-demo |
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<h3>Quick usage</h3> |
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```python |
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, XLMRobertaForMaskedLM |
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from transformers import pipeline |
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("osiria/flare-it") |
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model = XLMRobertaForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("osiria/flare-it") |
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pipeline_mlm = pipeline(task="fill-mask", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer) |
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``` |
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<h3>Limitations</h3> |
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This lightweight model has been further pre-trained on Wikipedia, so it's particularly suitable as an agile analyzer for large volumes of natively digital text |
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from the world wide web, written in a correct and fluent form (like wikis, web pages, news, etc.). However, it may show limitations when it comes to chaotic text, containing errors and slang expressions |
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(like social media posts) or when it comes to domain-specific text (like medical, financial or legal content). |
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<h3>References</h3> |
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[1] https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.15828 |
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[2] https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.05609 |
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[3] https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08101 |
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<h3>License</h3> |
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The model is released under <b>MIT</b> license |
