license: mit
language:
- gl
metrics:
- bleu (Gold1): 41.7
- bleu (Gold2): 55.5
- bleu (Flores): 37
- bleu (Test-suite): 45.2
English text here
Model Description
Model created with OpenNMT-py 3.2 for the Spanish-Galician pair using a transformer architecture. The model was converted to the ctranslate2 format.
How to Translate with this Model
- Install Python 3.9
- Install ctranslate 3.2
- Translate an input_text using the NOS-MT-gl-en model with the following command:
perl tokenizer.perl < input.txt > input.tok
subword_nmt.apply_bpe -c ./bpe/es.bpe < input.tok > input.bpe
python3 translate.py ./ct2-gl-en_12L input.bpe > output.txt
sed -i 's/@@ //g' output.txt
Training
We used authentic and synthetic corpora from the ProxectoNós. The former are translation corpora made directly by human translators. It is important to note that despite these texts being made by humans, they are not free from linguistic errors. The latter are Spanish-Portuguese translation corpora, which we converted into Spanish-Galician through Portuguese-Galician automatic translation with Opentrad/Apertium and transliteration for out-of-vocabulary words.
Training Procedure
Tokenization of the datasets was done with the tokenizer (tokenizer.pl) from linguakit, which was modified to avoid line breaks per token.
The BPE vocabulary for the models was generated using the script learn_bpe.py from OpenNMT.
Evaluation
The BLEU evaluation of the models is done with a mix of internally developed tests (gold1, gold2, test-suite) with other available datasets in Galician (Flores).
| GOLD 1 | GOLD 2 | FLORES | TEST-SUITE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35.5 | 44.5 | 32.4 | 41.4 |
Licensing information
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2023 Proxecto Nós
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Funding
This research was funded by the project "Nós: Galician in the society and economy of artificial intelligence", agreement between Xunta de Galicia and University of Santiago de Compostela, and grant ED431G2019/04 by the Galician Ministry of Education, University and Professional Training, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER program), and Groups of Reference: ED431C 2020/21.
Citation Information
Daniel Bardanca Outeirinho, Pablo Gamallo Otero, Iria de-Dios-Flores, and José Ramom Pichel Campos. 2024. Exploring the effects of vocabulary size in neural machine translation: Galician as a target language. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, pages 600–604, Santiago de Compostela, Galiza. Association for Computational Lingustics.