preprocess_forecast.py

import xarray as xr
from siphon.catalog import TDSCatalog
import numpy as np
import datetime
import re


# %%
def compute_thermal_temp_difference(subset):
    lapse_rate = 0.0098
    ground_temp = subset.air_temperature_0m - 273.3
    air_temp = subset["air_temperature_ml"] - 273.3  # .ffill(dim='altitude')

    # dimensions
    # 'air_temperature_ml'  altitude: 4 y: 3, x: 3
    # 'elevation'                       y: 3  x: 3
    # 'altitude'            altitude: 4

    # broadcast ground temperature to all altitudes, but let it decrease by lapse rate
    altitude_diff = subset.altitude - subset.elevation
    altitude_diff = altitude_diff.where(altitude_diff >= 0, 0)
    temp_decrease = lapse_rate * altitude_diff
    ground_parcel_temp = ground_temp - temp_decrease
    thermal_temp_diff = (ground_parcel_temp - air_temp).clip(min=0)
    return thermal_temp_diff


def extract_timestamp(filename):
    # Define a regex pattern to capture the timestamp
    pattern = r"(\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})T(\d{2})Z"
    match = re.search(pattern, filename)

    if match:
        year, month, day, hour = match.groups()
        return f"{year}-{month}-{day}T{hour}:00Z"
    else:
        return None


def find_latest_meps_file():
    # The MEPS dataset: https://github.com/metno/NWPdocs/wiki/MEPS-dataset
    today = datetime.datetime.today()
    catalog_url = f"https://thredds.met.no/thredds/catalog/meps25epsarchive/{today.year}/{today.month:02d}/{today.day:02d}/catalog.xml"
    file_url_base = f"https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/meps25epsarchive/{today.year}/{today.month:02d}/{today.day:02d}"
    # Get the datasets from the catalog
    catalog = TDSCatalog(catalog_url)
    datasets = [s for s in catalog.datasets if "meps_det_ml" in s]
    file_path = f"{file_url_base}/{sorted(datasets)[-1]}"
    return file_path


def load_meps_for_location(file_path=None, altitude_min=0, altitude_max=3000):
    """
    file_path=None
    altitude_min=0
    altitude_max=3000
    """

    if file_path is None:
        file_path = find_latest_meps_file()

    x_range = "[220:1:300]"
    y_range = "[420:1:500]"
    time_range = "[0:1:66]"
    hybrid_range = "[25:1:64]"
    height_range = "[0:1:0]"

    params = {
        "x": x_range,
        "y": y_range,
        "time": time_range,
        "hybrid": hybrid_range,
        "height": height_range,
        "longitude": f"{y_range}{x_range}",
        "latitude": f"{y_range}{x_range}",
        "air_temperature_ml": f"{time_range}{hybrid_range}{y_range}{x_range}",
        "ap": f"{hybrid_range}",
        "b": f"{hybrid_range}",
        "surface_air_pressure": f"{time_range}{height_range}{y_range}{x_range}",
        "x_wind_ml": f"{time_range}{hybrid_range}{y_range}{x_range}",
        "y_wind_ml": f"{time_range}{hybrid_range}{y_range}{x_range}",
    }

    path = f"{file_path}?{','.join(f'{k}{v}' for k, v in params.items())}"

    subset = xr.open_dataset(path, cache=True)
    subset.load()

    # get geopotential
    time_range_sfc = "[0:1:0]"
    surf_params = {
        "x": x_range,
        "y": y_range,
        "time": f"{time_range}",
        "surface_geopotential": f"{time_range_sfc}[0:1:0]{y_range}{x_range}",
        "air_temperature_0m": f"{time_range}[0:1:0]{y_range}{x_range}",
    }
    file_path_surf = f"{file_path.replace('meps_det_ml', 'meps_det_sfc')}?{','.join(f'{k}{v}' for k, v in surf_params.items())}"

    # Load surface parameters and merge into the main dataset
    surf = xr.open_dataset(file_path_surf, cache=True)
    # Convert the surface geopotential to elevation
    elevation = (surf.surface_geopotential / 9.80665).squeeze()
    # elevation.plot()
    subset["elevation"] = elevation
    air_temperature_0m = surf.air_temperature_0m.squeeze()
    subset["air_temperature_0m"] = air_temperature_0m

    # subset.elevation.plot()
    def hybrid_to_height(ds):
        """
        ds = subset
        """
        # Constants
        R = 287.05  # Gas constant for dry air
        g = 9.80665  # Gravitational acceleration

        # Calculate the pressure at each level
        p = ds["ap"] + ds["b"] * ds["surface_air_pressure"]  # .mean("ensemble_member")

        # Get the temperature at each level
        T = ds["air_temperature_ml"]  # .mean("ensemble_member")

        # Calculate the height difference between each level and the surface
        dp = ds["surface_air_pressure"] - p  # Pressure difference
        dT = T - T.isel(hybrid=-1)  # Temperature difference relative to the surface
        dT_mean = 0.5 * (T + T.isel(hybrid=-1))  # Mean temperature

        # Calculate the height using the hypsometric equation
        dz = (R * dT_mean / g) * np.log(ds["surface_air_pressure"] / p)

        return dz

    altitude = hybrid_to_height(subset).mean("time").squeeze().mean("x").mean("y")
    subset = subset.assign_coords(altitude=("hybrid", altitude.data))
    subset = subset.swap_dims({"hybrid": "altitude"})

    # filter subset on altitude ranges
    subset = subset.where(
        (subset.altitude >= altitude_min) & (subset.altitude <= altitude_max), drop=True
    ).squeeze()

    wind_speed = np.sqrt(subset["x_wind_ml"] ** 2 + subset["y_wind_ml"] ** 2)
    subset = subset.assign(wind_speed=(("time", "altitude", "y", "x"), wind_speed.data))

    subset["thermal_temp_diff"] = compute_thermal_temp_difference(subset)
    # subset = subset.assign(thermal_temp_diff=(('time', 'altitude','y','x'), thermal_temp_diff.data))

    # Find the indices where the thermal temperature difference is zero or negative
    # Create tiny value at ground level to avoid finding the ground as the thermal top
    thermal_temp_diff = subset["thermal_temp_diff"]
    thermal_temp_diff = thermal_temp_diff.where(
        (thermal_temp_diff.sum("altitude") > 0)
        | (subset["altitude"] != subset.altitude.min()),
        thermal_temp_diff + 1e-6,
    )
    indices = (thermal_temp_diff > 0).argmax(dim="altitude")
    # Get the altitudes corresponding to these indices
    thermal_top = subset.altitude[indices]
    subset = subset.assign(thermal_top=(("time", "y", "x"), thermal_top.data))
    subset = subset.set_coords(["latitude", "longitude"])
    return subset


if __name__ == "__main__":
    dataset_file_path = find_latest_meps_file()

    subset = load_meps_for_location(dataset_file_path)

    os.makedirs("forecasts", exist_ok=True)

    timestmap = extract_timestamp(dataset_file_path.split("/")[-1])
    subset.to_netcdf(f"forecasts/{timestmap}.nc")