mbart-large-cc25-squad-qa-trimmed-en
/
eval
/samples.test.hyp.paragraph_question.answer.lmqg_qg_squad.default.txt
| Saint Bernadette Soubirous | |
| Basilica of the Sacred Heart | |
| Main Building | |
| a Marian place of prayer and reflection | |
| statue of the Virgin Mary | |
| September 1876 | |
| twice a year | |
| The Observer | |
| nine | |
| 1987 | |
| Rome | |
| Moreau Seminary | |
| Old College | |
| Retired priests and brothers | |
| Buechner Prize for Preaching | |
| eight | |
| 1920 | |
| College of Science | |
| five departments | |
| the 1870s | |
| Learning Center | |
| five | |
| First Year of Studies program | |
| U.S. News & World Report | |
| 1924 | |
| Master of Divinity | |
| Alliance for Catholic Education | |
| 1854–1855 | |
| Department of Pre-Professional Studies | |
| B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies | |
| President Emeritus | |
| 1986 | |
| Ray Kroc | |
| McDonald's | |
| 14 | |
| Theodore M. Hesburgh Library | |
| 1963 | |
| Millard Sheets | |
| Word of Life | |
| 3,577 | |
| 39.1% | |
| top 10 to 15 | |
| 39.1% | |
| 750 | |
| 18th | |
| 8th | |
| 1st overall | |
| USA Today | |
| 57.6% | |
| Father Joseph Carrier | |
| 23 | |
| Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department | |
| Evolution and Dogma | |
| Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics | |
| 1882 | |
| Professor Jerome Green | |
| 1899 | |
| Father Nieuwland | |
| wind tunnel | |
| Lobund | |
| 1940s | |
| 1950 | |
| 1958 | |
| 1928 | |
| The Review of Politics | |
| German Catholic journals | |
| 44 | |
| Matthew Fitzsimons | |
| John Jenkins | |
| Kroc Institute for International Peace studies | |
| International Peace studies | |
| 2013 | |
| climate change | |
| 8,448 | |
| 21–24% | |
| 700 | |
| Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh | |
| 12,179 | |
| About 80% | |
| four | |
| 15 | |
| 20% | |
| 14 | |
| Congregatio a Sancta Cruce | |
| 93% | |
| over 100 times | |
| Fifty-seven | |
| over 80% | |
| Washington Hall | |
| 1879 | |
| Rev. William Corby | |
| 17th of May | |
| LaFortune Student Center | |
| elective system | |
| College of Commerce | |
| Father James Burns | |
| three | |
| Harvard Law School | |
| Knute Rockne | |
| 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties | |
| 1925 | |
| 13 | |
| three | |
| Protestant | |
| Ku Klux Klan | |
| Matthew Walsh | |
| Klavern | |
| South Bend | |
| John Francis O'Hara | |
| Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara | |
| Laetare Medal | |
| 1883 | |
| God | |
| more than half | |
| Lobund Institute for Animal Studies | |
| Hall of Liberal Arts | |
| Rev. John J. Cavanaugh | |
| Lobund Institute for Animal Studies | |
| 1952–87 | |
| 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million | |
| $350 million | |
| 1952–87 | |
| 9,600 | |
| coeducational | |
| Rev | |
| Vice President of Student Affairs | |
| 1971 | |
| Saint Mary's College | |
| 1987–2005 | |
| 1240 to 1360 | |
| $350 million | |
| $70 million | |
| 500 | |
| July 1, 2005 | |
| 17th | |
| Malloy | |
| Compton Family Ice Arena | |
| $400m | |
| Congregation | |
| Basilica of the Sacred Heart | |
| French Revival | |
| Luigi Gregori | |
| 1896 | |
| Fr. Zahm | |
| 1950 | |
| Joseph LaFortune | |
| 83,000 square feet | |
| $1.2 million | |
| 29 | |
| Theodore Hesburgh Library | |
| almost 4 million | |
| Duncan Hall | |
| Frank Eck Stadium | |
| 2008 | |
| 40% | |
| Sustainable Endowments Institute | |
| Liberation Theology | |
| 1968 | |
| 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square | |
| Global Gateways | |
| 1998 | |
| College of Arts and Letters | |
| 1842 | |
| 1849 | |
| Saint Louis University | |
| 33 | |
| Father Patrick Dillon | |
| 1865 | |
| six years | |
| Jordan Hall of Science | |
| 1,200 | |
| The School of Architecture | |
| Bond Hall | |
| five-year | |
| Rome | |
| Driehaus Architecture Prize | |
| 2015 | |
| Stanford Hall | |
| over three million | |
| one of the 100 largest | |
| The rise of Hitler and other dictators | |
| Germany | |
| classics and law | |
| Max Scheler | |
| a renowned sculptor | |
| The University of Notre Lac | |
| Catholic research university | |
| Lady of the Lake | |
| Virgin Mary | |
| 1,250 acres | |
| national prominence | |
| Knute | |
| NCAA Division I | |
| seven | |
| 62 members | |
| top twenty | |
| four | |
| Driehaus Architecture Prize | |
| 50 | |
| Snite Museum of Art | |
| 1842 | |
| the Bishop of Vincennes | |
| Congregation of the Holy Cross | |
| November 26, 1842 | |
| Old College | |
| 1849 | |
| 1865 | |
| Father Lemonnier | |
| 1873 | |
| 1873 | |
| NDtv | |
| one show | |
| WSND-FM | |
| WVFI | |
| $215 million | |
| June 3, 2008 | |
| Kite Realty | |
| the City of South Bend | |
| the City of South Bend | |
| National Collegiate Athletic Association | |
| Horizon League | |
| Midwest Fencing Conference | |
| Hockey East | |
| Big East Conference | |
| Hockey East | |
| five | |
| Big East | |
| Navy Blue and Gold Rush | |
| Leprechaun | |
| University of Notre Dame | |
| $100 million | |
| 1846 | |
| the oldest university band in continuous existence | |
| Victory March | |
| Michigan Wolverines | |
| 1887 | |
| Ohio State University | |
| USC | |
| the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame | |
| George Gipp | |
| Gipp | |
| Pat O'Brien | |
| Gipp | |
| 80,795 | |
| two-story banner | |
| Drummers' Circle | |
| Bond Hall | |
| Notre Dame Victory March and the Notre Dame Alma Mater | |
| Saturday | |
| 1,600 | |
| 12 | |
| 28 | |
| Austin Carr | |
| Mike Brey | |
| John F. Shea | |
| 1904 | |
| Rev. Michael J. Shea | |
| 1928 | |
| to victory | |
| The Gipper | |
| Knute Rockne | |
| Sean Astin | |
| George Zipp | |
| "Win one for the Gipper" | |
| Condoleezza Rice | |
| Eric F. Wieschaus | |
| Rev. John Jenkins | |
| gold medalist | |
| Jim Wetherbee | |
| late 1990s | |
| singing and dancing | |
| in the late 1990s | |
| Houston, Texas | |
| 1990s | |
| Destiny's Child | |
| Dangerously in Love (2003) | |
| Mathew Knowles | |
| Houston, Texas | |
| Dangerously in Love (2003) | |
| September 4, 1981 | |
| Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter | |
| late 1990s | |
| lead singer | |
| Dangerously in Love (2003) | |
| 2003 | |
| five | |
| lead singer | |
| Dangerously in Love (2003) | |
| Dangerously in Love (2003) | |
| acting | |
| Jay Z | |
| six | |
| Dreamgirls | |
| 2010 | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Cadillac Records | |
| June 2005 | |
| B'Day (2006) | |
| Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls | |
| rapper Jay Z | |
| Sasha Fierce | |
| love, relationships, and monogamy | |
| influential | |
| Forbes | |
| 2000s | |
| Forbes | |
| modern-day feminist | |
| 2013 and 2014 | |
| 118 million | |
| 60 million | |
| 118 million | |
| 20 | |
| Forbes | |
| Destiny's Child | |
| Houston, Texas | |
| Beyoncé Giselle Knowles | |
| Methodist | |
| Mathew Knowles | |
| hairdresser and salon | |
| Solange | |
| Joseph Broussard | |
| Xerox | |
| Beyoncé Giselle Knowles | |
| Solange | |
| Joseph Broussard | |
| Methodist | |
| Fredericksburg | |
| Darlette Johnson | |
| St. Mary's Elementary School | |
| Darlette Johnson | |
| St. John's United Methodist Church | |
| music magnet school | |
| John Lennon's "Imagine" | |
| Fredericksburg | |
| Darlette Johnson | |
| seven | |
| St. John's United Methodist Church | |
| Arne questionr | |
| Beyoncé's father | |
| Elektra Records | |
| Arne questionr | |
| 1995 | |
| Columbia | |
| Elektra Records | |
| eight | |
| eight | |
| Girl's Tyme | |
| R&B producer Arne questionr | |
| 1995 | |
| Dwayns's Grass Roots Entertainment | |
| Men in Black | |
| "Say My Name" | |
| Marc Nelson | |
| 1996 | |
| Isaiah | |
| Men in Black | |
| "Say My Name" | |
| Marc Nelson | |
| Book of Isaiah | |
| Men in Black | |
| "No, No, No" | |
| 1999 | |
| Marc Nelson | |
| depression | |
| depression | |
| her mother | |
| the split with Luckett and Roberson | |
| a couple of years | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Beyoncé | |
| "Independent Women Part I" | |
| eleven consecutive weeks | |
| MTV | |
| 663,000 copies | |
| Georges Bizet | |
| Survivor | |
| Charlie's Angels | |
| Carmen: A Hip Hopera | |
| Survivor | |
| Luckett and Roberson | |
| 2001 | |
| Beyoncé | |
| UK, Norway, and Belgium | |
| The Fighting Temptations | |
| Beyoncé | |
| "Summertime" | |
| Austin Powers in Goldmember | |
| $73 million | |
| The Fighting Temptations | |
| Work It Out | |
| mixed | |
| Austin Powers in Goldmember | |
| Lilly | |
| Work It Out | |
| The Fighting Temptations | |
| Work It Out | |
| first solo album Dangerously in Love | |
| Dangerously in Love | |
| 11 million | |
| "Crazy in Love" | |
| "Me, Myself and I" and "Naughty Girl" | |
| Jay Z | |
| Dangerously in Love | |
| four | |
| Luther Vandross | |
| Jay Z | |
| June 24, 2003 | |
| "Crazy in Love" | |
| Luther Vandross | |
| five | |
| Destiny Fulfilled | |
| 2006 | |
| 2003 | |
| Destiny Fulfilled | |
| Barcelona | |
| March 2006 | |
| Dangerously in Love Tour | |
| Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys | |
| Super Bowl XXXVIII | |
| Destiny Fulfilled | |
| 541,000 copies | |
| "Déjà Vu" | |
| Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States | |
| three | |
| twenty-fifth | |
| Jay Z | |
| top five | |
| B'Day | |
| 541,000 | |
| Jay Z | |
| Green Light" (released in the United Kingdom only). | |
| The Pink Panther | |
| Dreamgirls | |
| Beyoncé | |
| April 2007 | |
| over $24 million | |
| $158.8 million | |
| The Beyoncé Experience | |
| Shakira | |
| The Pink Panther | |
| Diana Ross | |
| "Listen" | |
| The Beyoncé Experience | |
| Shakira | |
| Jay Z | |
| November 18, 2008 | |
| 2000s | |
| Beyoncé | |
| $9.5 million | |
| a video montage at the listening party | |
| March 2009 | |
| Beyoncé | |
| $119.5 million | |
| April 4, 2008 | |
| Jay Z | |
| Sasha Fierce | |
| "Crazy in Love" | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Etta James | |
| Phoenix House | |
| James' "At Last" | |
| thriller | |
| MTV Movie Award for Best Fight | |
| Phoenix House | |
| Obses | |
| Sharon Charles | |
| $60 million | |
| Etta James | |
| Phoenix House | |
| First Couple | |
| Obses | |
| ten | |
| Lauryn Hill | |
| Lady Gaga | |
| sixth | |
| Lauryn Hill | |
| ten | |
| "Telephone" | |
| Lady Gaga | |
| Mariah Carey | |
| Lauryn Hill | |
| ten | |
| Lauryn Hill | |
| Lady Gaga | |
| Mariah Carey | |
| 2010 | |
| 2010 | |
| Great Wall of China | |
| 2010 | |
| Beyoncé | |
| 2010 | |
| nine months | |
| a hiatus from her music | |
| her mother's | |
| her father | |
| nine months | |
| 2011 | |
| Clinton Bush Haiti Fund | |
| Glastonbury Festival | |
| Bush Haiti Fund | |
| minute | |
| a of many entertainers who performed for the family of Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi | |
| 2011 | |
| a spokesperson for Beyoncé | |
| Glastonbury Festival | |
| Muammar Gaddafi | |
| WikiLeaks | |
| Bush Haiti Fund | |
| Pyramid stage | |
| 2011 | |
| "Love on Top" | |
| writing | |
| New York's Roseland Ballroom | |
| June 28, 2011 | |
| 310,000 | |
| New York Association of Black Journalists | |
| late 2011 | |
| 4 | |
| June 28, 2011 | |
| 310,000 | |
| Essence | |
| New York's Roseland Ballroom | |
| January 7, 2012 | |
| Lenox Hill Hospital in New York | |
| Blue Ivy Carter | |
| Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall | |
| January 7, 2012 | |
| Blue Ivy Carter | |
| four nights | |
| four | |
| January 7, 2012 | |
| Blue Ivy Carter | |
| Lenox Hill Hospital | |
| Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall | |
| four | |
| romance | |
| Life Is But a Dream | |
| a global publishing agreement | |
| January 2013 | |
| "Nuclear" | |
| Beyoncé | |
| 268,000 | |
| January 2013 | |
| "Nuclear" | |
| American national anthem | |
| Super Bowl | |
| Life Is But a Dream | |
| 132 | |
| The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour | |
| "Rise Up" | |
| Epic | |
| April 15 | |
| 2013 Met Gala | |
| "Rise Up" | |
| "Rise Up" | |
| The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour | |
| 132 | |
| Back to Black | |
| Met Gala | |
| Queen Tara | |
| iTunes Store | |
| December 13, 2013 | |
| iTunes Store | |
| Bey Z | |
| Forbes | |
| more than double | |
| December 13, 2013 | |
| one million | |
| "Drunk in Love" | |
| "Drunk in Love" | |
| six | |
| Beck | |
| Vogue | |
| Pepsi | |
| three | |
| Beck | |
| Pepsi | |
| Album of the Year | |
| Vogue | |
| Pepsi | |
| Coldplay | |
| six | |
| three | |
| Beck | |
| Vogue | |
| Pepsi | |
| Tidal | |
| Formation | |
| February 6, 2016 | |
| Formation | |
| Tidal | |
| music streaming service Tidal | |
| February 6, 2016 | |
| Tidal | |
| 300 million | |
| Paris | |
| miscarriage | |
| Jay Z | |
| April 4, 2008 | |
| combined 300 million | |
| wrote music in order to cope with the loss. | |
| Paris | |
| The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse | |
| April 4, 2008 | |
| 300 million | |
| a miscarriage | |
| Paris | |
| MTV Video Music Awards | |
| pregnancy | |
| 12.4 million | |
| Guinness World Records | |
| that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV history | |
| most tweets per second | |
| "Beyonce pregnant" | |
| Love on Top | |
| the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards | |
| Love on Top | |
| 12.4 million | |
| "Beyonce pregnant" | |
| Lifeandtimes.com | |
| "Glory" | |
| Blue Ivy Carter | |
| Lenox Hill Hospital | |
| Glory | |
| Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York | |
| Blue Ivy | |
| January 7, 2012 | |
| Blue Ivy Carter | |
| "Glory" | |
| Blue Ivy's cries | |
| "B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. | |
| George Zimmerman | |
| America the Beautiful | |
| $4 million | |
| same sex | |
| a rally | |
| America the Beautiful | |
| America the Beautiful | |
| America the Beautiful | |
| Tumblr | |
| March 26, 2013 | |
| Vogue | |
| Bany | |
| TEDxEuston conference | |
| April 2013 | |
| Ban Bossy | |
| "Flawless" | |
| leadership in girls | |
| Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie | |
| Ban Bossy | |
| Beyoncé | |
| September 2015 | |
| women | |
| a main UN summit in September 2015 | |
| 2015 | |
| Angela Merkel | |
| the head of the G7 in Germany | |
| September | |
| Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma | |
| Angela Merkel | |
| head of the G7 in Germany | |
| head of the G7 in Germany | |
| Freddie Gray | |
| Freddie Gray | |
| Freddie Gray | |
| thousands of dollars | |
| Madonna and Celine Dion | |
| "highest-earning power couple" | |
| 2014 | |
| $250 million | |
| Madonna and Celine Dion | |
| Forbes | |
| April 2014 | |
| $1 | |
| $250 million | |
| Forbes magazine | |
| April 2014 | |
| MTV | |
| 2013 | |
| four octaves | |
| Jody Rosen | |
| The Daily Mail | |
| hip hop era | |
| four octaves | |
| "versatile", capable of exploring power ballads, soul, rock belting, operatic flourishes, and hip hop | |
| hip hop era | |
| "capable of punctuating any beat with goose-bump-inducing whispers or full-bore diva-roars." | |
| four octaves | |
| vocal abilities | |
| tart | |
| hip hop era | |
| R&B | |
| pop, soul and funk | |
| Spanish | |
| Irreemplazable | |
| Rudy Perez | |
| pop, soul and funk | |
| English | |
| Spanish | |
| B'Day | |
| R&B | |
| Spanish | |
| Rudy Perez | |
| Irrecordable (recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience) | |
| formulate beats | |
| "Cater 2 U" | |
| "Independent Women" | |
| man-tending anthems such as "Cater 2 U" | |
| co-writing | |
| man-tending anthems | |
| female | |
| Destiny's Child | |
| melodies and ideas | |
| American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers | |
| American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards | |
| Diane Warren | |
| "Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters" | |
| 2001 | |
| third | |
| Billboard magazine | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Pop Songwriter of the Year | |
| American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards | |
| one of only three women | |
| 17 | |
| Michael Jackson | |
| five | |
| Michael Jackson | |
| practicing vocal runs as a child | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Vision of Love | |
| Michael Jackson | |
| Jackson | |
| Diana Ross | |
| Whitney Houston | |
| Vision of Love | |
| feminism and female empowerment | |
| Baker | |
| Etta James | |
| Dreamgirls | |
| "boldness" inspired Beyoncé | |
| at the 2006 Fashion Rocks | |
| Josephine Baker | |
| "Déjà Vu" | |
| Beyoncé | |
| February 2013 | |
| Oprah Winfrey | |
| US First Lady Obama | |
| inspiration and a strong woman | |
| lyrical and raw | |
| she took all of the great things she achieved | |
| lyrical genius | |
| Oprah Winfrey | |
| Oprah Winfrey | |
| Jean-Michel Basquiat | |
| Madonna | |
| Suga Mama | |
| The Mamas | |
| Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick | |
| 2006 | |
| Suga Mama | |
| "Irreplaceable" | |
| BET Awards | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Suga Mama | |
| B'Day | |
| The Mamas | |
| 2006 | |
| most in-charge female artist | |
| L.A. Reid | |
| her stage presence and voice during live performances | |
| Jaselman | |
| entertainer alive | |
| entertainer so seriously she's almost too good | |
| Jaselman | |
| The ex-President of Def Jam L.A. Reid | |
| Sasha Fierce | |
| Sasha was conceived during the making of "Crazy Fierce" | |
| 2010 | |
| Revel Presents | |
| aggressive, too strong, too sassy | |
| aggressive, too strong, Beyoncé Live shows later that month. | |
| Sasha Fierce | |
| May 2012 | |
| "Crazy in Love" | |
| Allure magazine | |
| a crossover sex symbol | |
| Touré | |
| Oxford English Dictionary | |
| booty | |
| "Bootylicious" | |
| "Bootylicious" | |
| 2006 | |
| Touré | |
| "Bootylicious" | |
| 2006 | |
| her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage." | |
| runway modelling debut at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 | |
| Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 | |
| People | |
| January 2013 | |
| VH1 | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Complex | |
| January 2013 | |
| 1 | |
| 2010 | |
| People | |
| "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" | |
| Madame Tussauds Wax Museums | |
| mother | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Destiny's Style an account of how fashion had an impact on the trio's success. | |
| 2007 | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Tyra Banks | |
| People magazine | |
| The Bey Hive | |
| The Beyontourage | |
| The Bey Hive | |
| The Beyontourage | |
| The Beyontourage | |
| The Beyontourage | |
| beehive | |
| House of Deréon | |
| L'Officiel | |
| L'Officiel, in blackface and tribal makeup | |
| 2006 | |
| wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon | |
| L'Off Beyoncé | |
| blackface and tribal | |
| L'iciel | |
| House of Deréon | |
| French fashion magazine | |
| African-American | |
| Emmett Price | |
| L'Oréal | |
| "natural pictures be used". | |
| "it is categorically untrue" | |
| costumeing | |
| Emmett Price | |
| L'Oréal | |
| Feria hair color | |
| Beyoncé herself criticized H&M | |
| The Guardian | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | |
| Artist of the Decade | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | |
| Jody Rosen | |
| Jody Rosen | |
| The Guardian | |
| Time 100 | |
| Jody Rosen | |
| 2014 | |
| White Rabbits | |
| Gwyneth Paltrow | |
| Pepsi | |
| Beyoncé's Pepsi commercial | |
| White Rabbits | |
| Beyoncé's work | |
| Country Strong | |
| White Rabbits | |
| Milk Famous | |
| Gwyneth Paltrow | |
| Country Strong | |
| Nicki Minaj | |
| "Crazy in Love" | |
| two | |
| 8 million copies | |
| horse fly | |
| 2014 | |
| "Crazy in Love" | |
| two | |
| 8 million | |
| Drake | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Drake | |
| Scaptia beyonceae | |
| over 15 million | |
| 118 million | |
| 64 | |
| 60 million | |
| Beyoncé | |
| over 15 million | |
| over 118 million | |
| 60 million | |
| 2011 | |
| 64 | |
| 118 million | |
| 118 million | |
| The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) | |
| 64 | |
| 2008 | |
| 20 | |
| Beyoncé | |
| 52 | |
| most Grammy awards won by a female artist | |
| two | |
| 20 Grammy Awards | |
| 52 | |
| 2010 | |
| Beyoncé | |
| 20 | |
| 52 | |
| Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) | |
| Listeen | |
| Pepsi | |
| $50 million | |
| Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) | |
| 70 | |
| April 2013 | |
| Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias | |
| endorse Pepsi | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Pepsi | |
| $50 million | |
| The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) | |
| NetBase | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Heat | |
| 2013 | |
| $400 million | |
| Heat | |
| February 2011 | |
| Pulse | |
| six editions | |
| Armani's Diamonds | |
| 2010 | |
| Heat | |
| six | |
| 18 | |
| Starpower | |
| since the age of 18 | |
| 70 | |
| settled out of court by her lawyers | |
| Starpower | |
| Starpower | |
| Starpower | |
| GateFive | |
| June 2013 | |
| Parkwood Entertainment | |
| Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd | |
| athletic, street wear | |
| fall of 2015 | |
| Topshop | |
| fall of 2015 | |
| Parkwood Entertainment | |
| Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd | |
| London | |
| Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd | |
| March 30, 2015 | |
| Jay Z | |
| March 30, 2015 | |
| music streaming | |
| low payout of royalties | |
| Tidal | |
| Tidal, Aspiro | |
| Jay Z | |
| Spotify | |
| Agnèz Deréon | |
| Agnèz Deréon | |
| Beyond Productions | |
| sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories | |
| US and Canada | |
| Beyoncé | |
| 2005 | |
| Beyond Productions | |
| Destiny's Child's | |
| her mother | |
| Deréon | |
| House of Brands | |
| Brazil | |
| 2009 | |
| "high-style" mobile game | |
| Sasha Fierce for Deréon | |
| May 27, 2010 | |
| House of Brands | |
| Beyoncé Fashion Diva | |
| Sasha Fierce | |
| C&A | |
| Dillard's | |
| Topshop | |
| autumn 2015 | |
| Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd | |
| Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd | |
| April 2016 | |
| Topshop | |
| Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd | |
| activewear | |
| Hurricane Katrina | |
| $250,000 | |
| Hurricane Ike | |
| Survivor Foundation | |
| $250,000 | |
| expanded to work with other charities in the city | |
| Survivor Foundation | |
| $250,000 | |
| Hurricane | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Brooklyn Phoenix House | |
| "Get Me Bodied" | |
| $1 million | |
| Beyoncé Cosmetology Center | |
| Children and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund | |
| Beyoncé's Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief telethon | |
| George Clooney and Wyclef Jean's Hope for Haiti Now | |
| Beyoncé Cosmetology Center | |
| God Bless the USA | |
| Sandy Hook Elementary School | |
| "I Was Here" | |
| "Miss a Meal" | |
| London | |
| her mother Tina Knowles | |
| the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting | |
| spread female empowerment | |
| Catapult | |
| "Demand A Plan" | |
| Sandy Hook Elementary School | |
| "I Was Here" | |
| Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini | |
| montaña (mountain). | |
| 4th | |
| 4th | |
| 77 | |
| montaña (mountain). | |
| 1908 | |
| 1949 | |
| 1981 | |
| grizzly bear | |
| Maiasaura | |
| 21 years after statehood | |
| Oro y Plata | |
| Oro y Plata | |
| 1865 | |
| 1895 | |
| bitterroot | |
| 62 percent | |
| 56 | |
| Billings | |
| Missoula and Great Falls | |
| Montana comes from the Spanish word Montaña | |
| Montaña | |
| 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2) | |
| Wyoming | |
| Idaho | |
| Northern Rocky Mountains | |
| 60 percent | |
| turns east | |
| Hudson Bay | |
| 10,000 feet (3,000 m) high | |
| Granite Peak | |
| 12,799 feet (3,901 m) high | |
| one | |
| 1996 | |
| 59 to 41 | |
| 2015 controlled by the Republicans 29 to 21, | |
| a swing state | |
| 1992 | |
| 1889 | |
| 1889 the state has voted for Democratic governors 60 percent of the time | |
| Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport | |
| spring of 2013 | |
| BNSF Railway | |
| the 1880s | |
| Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation | |
| spring | |
| wolves and mountain lions | |
| the 1930s | |
| Federation of Fly Fishers | |
| recreational lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries | |
| A River Runs Through It | |
| April 26, 1864 | |
| Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862 | |
| $1.75 | |
| 1886 | |
| 450 miles | |
| Hudson Bay | |
| Triple Peak in Glacier National Park | |
| Pacific Ocean | |
| Jefferson, Madison rivers | |
| Three Forks | |
| north | |
| 1976 | |
| north | |
| North Dakota | |
| 3,223 | |
| Flathead Lake | |
| Fort Peck Reservoir | |
| Missouri river | |
| 25 percent | |
| 14 amphibian, 90 fish | |
| grizzly | |
| five | |
| at least 17 | |
| 15 inches (380 mm) | |
| 34.70 inches (881 mm) | |
| 105 inches (2,700 mm) | |
| 7 brackets | |
| sales tax | |
| no sales tax | |
| 66,000 | |
| 18 | |
| 1887 | |
| Great Falls | |
| 63% | |
| German | |
| mining camp | |
| 6.5 percent | |
| Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt | |
| 1980 and 1990 | |
| 2007 | |
| July 2007 | |
| forest fires | |
| 1855 | |
| Isaac Stevens | |
| 1859 | |
| Flathead Indian Reservation | |
| Camp Cooke | |
| Fort Benton | |
| 1876 | |
| 1877 | |
| English | |
| 94.8 percent | |
| Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home | |
| 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state | |
| 1,700 | |
| 89.4 percent | |
| 6.3 percent | |
| 2.9 | |
| Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015 | |
| 4.40 percent | |
| Gallatin County | |
| Kalispell | |
| 1917 | |
| in the wake of public outcry over her vote | |
| smokejumpers | |
| 13 million | |
| 325 bison | |
| General Philip Sheridan | |
| 1875 | |
| 1881 | |
| 1882 | |
| 1871, 1872 and 1873 | |
| 1876 | |
| September 8, 1883 | |
| 1866 | |
| failed bid for statehood | |
| 1884 | |
| 1889 | |
| North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington | |
| 1862 | |
| free land | |
| 1868 | |
| 1877 | |
| 640 acres (2.6 km2) | |
| one dollar | |
| James J. Hill | |
| 1902 | |
| 1909 | |
| 160 to 320 acres | |
| June 1917 | |
| February 1918 | |
| criminalized criticism | |
| over 200 | |
| over 200 | |
| 40,000-plus | |
| 57,000 | |
| 1500 | |
| William Henry Harrison | |
| Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow | |
| entire human groups | |
| the Genocide Convention | |
| in whole or in part | |
| Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic | |
| respectators on the Genocide Convention | |
| biological-physical destruction | |
| group destruction | |
| Germany | |
| the courts of these States have defined the type of group destruction the perpetrator must have intended of genocide | |
| courts in Germany | |
| the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) | |
| World War II | |
| Lemkin | |
| United Nations General Assembly | |
| provide a legal definition of the crime | |
| political killings | |
| the USSR | |
| international intervention in domestic politics | |
| leading genocide scholar William Schabas | |
| a permanent security council member | |
| a minority | |
| national, racial, religious or ethnic | |
| Jorgic v. Germany | |
| biological | |
| a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people | |
| Lemming | |
| indictment | |
| Australian | |
| ritual | |
| ritual | |
| Australian anthropologist | |
| language, culture, and economic | |
| the legal aspect | |
| a crime | |
| deliberate killing of a certain group | |
| the officials | |
| the Peace of Westphalia | |
| genocide is more than not committed by the officials in power of a state or area | |
| ethnic, national, racial and in some | |
| 1648 | |
| 1944 | |
| tribe or race | |
| a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group | |
| Winston Churchill | |
| Winston Churchill | |
| 1944 | |
| a crime without a name | |
| Raphael Lemkin | |
| (meaning tribe or race) | |
| remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them | |
| when the targeted part is substantial enough | |
| numeric size | |
| absolute terms | |
| prominence within the group | |
| perpetrators' access to the victims | |
| this factor alone will not indicate whether the targeted group is substantial | |
| their reach | |
| limited by the opportunity presented to him | |
| inform the analysis | |
| 12 January 1951 | |
| 20 | |
| two | |
| United Kingdom | |
| four | |
| diplomatic | |
| research tool | |
| international legal credibility | |
| alternative definitions | |
| Jonassohn and Björnson | |
| emphasise different periods | |
| Kurt Jonassohn | |
| R. J. Rummel | |
| Ted Gurr | |
| social and political groups | |
| The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response | |
| political groups | |
| genocide | |
| "Genocide is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group | |
| policies | |
| communal characteristics | |
| characteristics by which members of a group are identified by the state | |
| nationality | |
| 'pogroms, | |
| murder by government of people | |
| religious group | |
| the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide | |
| eliminate the group | |
| preventing births | |
| Adrian Gallagher | |
| collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base | |
| intent, the multidimensional understanding of destroy | |
| group identity | |
| destroyed | |
| genocide | |
| both in peace and wartime | |
| immunity from prosecution they grant has been invoked from time to time | |
| the United States | |
| Norway | |
| the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) | |
| humanity | |
| murder | |
| the Holocaust | |
| Raphael Lemkin | |
| German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts | |
| wider interpretation of genocide | |
| ethnic cleansing | |
| expel Muslims and Croats from their homes | |
| European Court of Human Rights | |
| About 30 | |
| several plea bargains | |
| conspiracy to commit genocide | |
| aiding and abetting genocide | |
| German | |
| genocide or complicity in genocide | |
| Belgrade | |
| Radovan Karadžić | |
| no verdict was returned | |
| Slobodan Miloković | |
| International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) | |
| April 1994 | |
| Security Council | |
| serious violations of the international law performed | |
| Rwandan citizens | |
| Darfur | |
| Colin Powell | |
| Senat Relations Committee | |
| International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur | |
| genocidal policy | |
| Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court | |
| the Security Council formally referred the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court | |
| the United States | |
| fourth | |
| psychological and social processes | |
| psychological and social | |
| Ervin Staub | |
| devaluation of the group that becomes the victim | |
| humanizing a devalued group | |
| emergence of resistance | |
| preferential growth of resistant bacteria | |
| 1943 | |
| penicillin and erythromycin | |
| evolutionary processes | |
| select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics | |
| 1943 | |
| Luria–Delbrück | |
| minimum inhibitory concentration | |
| bacterial infection | |
| bacterial growth phase | |
| division of bacterial cells | |
| concentration | |
| host defense mechanisms, the location of infection | |
| the antimicrobial activity of an antibacterial is usually combined with its pharmacokinetic profile | |
| bacterial functions or growth processes | |
| penicillins and cephalosporins | |
| polymyxins | |
| macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines | |
| spectrum of activity | |
| penicillins | |
| polymyxins | |
| four | |
| mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity | |
| penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium) | |
| beta-lactam | |
| aminoglycosides | |
| chemical synthesis | |
| beta-lactam antibiotics | |
| 2000 atomic mass units | |
| penicillins | |
| fungi in the genus Penicillium | |
| tuberculosis | |
| livestock raising | |
| World Health Organization | |
| 20th | |
| livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance | |
| overuse | |
| World Health Organization | |
| 20th | |
| livestock raising | |
| vaccination | |
| 20th century | |
| antimicrobial | |
| World Health Organization | |
| every region | |
| 20th century | |
| antimicrobial | |
| World Health Organization | |
| tuberculosis | |
| empirical therapy | |
| laboratory | |
| a broad spectrum antibiotic | |
| a patient has proven or suspected infection | |
| several days | |
| Empirical therapy is usually initiated | |
| a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified | |
| a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. | |
| mild to very serious | |
| disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora | |
| adverse side effects | |
| quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid | |
| allergic reactions | |
| any negative effects | |
| clinical use | |
| the microbial organisms | |
| Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions | |
| host microbiota | |
| safe | |
| mild to very serious | |
| mild to very serious | |
| overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area | |
| indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota | |
| obesity | |
| subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment | |
| penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline | |
| unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans | |
| beneficial effects of clinically indicated treatment with antibiotics in infancy | |
| obesity | |
| Early life | |
| it is unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans | |
| antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency | |
| 1% | |
| reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon | |
| inconclusive and controversial. | |
| extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives | |
| contraceptive pills | |
| 1% | |
| reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon | |
| oral contraceptives | |
| antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency | |
| interfere with contraceptive pills | |
| very low (about 1%) | |
| moderate alcohol consumption | |
| specific antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects | |
| alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics | |
| widespread | |
| side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy | |
| moderate alcohol consumption | |
| alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed | |
| alcohol | |
| moderate alcohol consumption | |
| never be mixed | |
| Intrinsic antibacterial resistance | |
| antibacterial resistance genes | |
| an antibiotic target | |
| vertical transmission of mutations during growth | |
| mutation in the bacterial chromosome | |
| vertical transmission of mutations during growth | |
| confer resistance to multiple antibacterials | |
| superbugs | |
| tuberculosis | |
| half a million | |
| multidrug-resistant tuberculosis | |
| penicillin and erythromycin | |
| Self prescription | |
| Self prescription of antibiotics | |
| prescription to treat viral infections such as the common cold | |
| failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage | |
| failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery | |
| Inappropriate antibiotic treatment, for example, is their prescription to treat viral infections | |
| prescribe the correct dosage | |
| US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance | |
| US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health | |
| 2002 | |
| 2003 | |
| Swann report 1969 | |
| American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA) | |
| S.742 and H.R. 2562 | |
| the American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association | |
| animal husbandry | |
| 1977 | |
| March 2012 | |
| specially selected mold and plant materials and extracts | |
| 2000 | |
| mold and plant materials | |
| against life | |
| Jean Paul Vuillemin | |
| penicillin | |
| Alexander Fleming | |
| penicillin | |
| crude preparation to treat some infections | |
| Prontosil | |
| Gerhard Domagk | |
| Gerhard Domagk | |
| Nobel Prize for Medicine | |
| tyrothricin | |
| 1939 | |
| commercially manufactured antibiotics universally | |
| Rene Dubos | |
| treating wounds and ulcers during World War II | |
| 1942 | |
| 1945 | |
| Norman Heatley | |
| 1945 | |
| Dorothyfoot Hodgkin | |
| immune modulation | |
| Antibacterial vaccines | |
| attenuated whole cells or lysates | |
| Phage therapy | |
| infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages | |
| the phages will infect "good" bacteria, | |
| seven antibiotics | |
| seven antibiotics | |
| 2013 | |
| FDA | |
| appropriate economic incentives | |
| antibiotics and antifungals | |
| Allan Coukell | |
| Polish and French | |
| Romantic | |
| solo piano | |
| Duchy of Warsaw | |
| 20 | |
| Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin | |
| Romantic | |
| Warsaw | |
| solo piano | |
| 20 | |
| 17 October | |
| Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin | |
| the solo piano | |
| Romantic | |
| Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin | |
| Warsaw | |
| 20 | |
| Romantic | |
| 17 October 1849 | |
| 21 | |
| 30 | |
| 1835 | |
| Majorca | |
| tuberculosis | |
| Paris | |
| 30 | |
| Franz Liszt | |
| 1835 | |
| George Sand | |
| 21 | |
| 30 | |
| 1835 | |
| Jane Stirling | |
| 1835 | |
| Jane Stirling | |
| tuberculosis | |
| the piano | |
| instrumental ballade | |
| J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert | |
| nuance and sensitivity | |
| salons | |
| Chopin's compositions include solo piano | |
| instrumental ballade | |
| nuance and sensitivity | |
| J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert | |
| Polish | |
| the piano | |
| Polish | |
| nuance and sensitivity | |
| J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert | |
| solo piano | |
| Polish | |
| Paris salons | |
| indirect | |
| political insurrection, his love and his early death | |
| Romantic | |
| films and biographies | |
| Poland, in France | |
| Poland | |
| political insurrection | |
| Romantic | |
| Poland, in France | |
| political insurrection | |
| Romantic era | |
| Łelazowa | |
| 1 March | |
| 1 March | |
| Fridericus Franciscus | |
| 29 miles | |
| Łelazowa Wola | |
| Napoleon | |
| 22 February 1810 | |
| 1 March | |
| Fridericus Franciscus | |
| Napoleon | |
| 22 February 1810 | |
| 1 March | |
| Fridericus Franciscus | |
| the Duchy of Warsaw | |
| Napoleon | |
| Justynaanowska | |
| Easter Sunday, 23 April | |
| Polish | |
| Fryderyk | |
| Lorraine | |
| Fryderyk's father, Nicolas Chopin | |
| Fryderyk | |
| Ludwika (1807–55) | |
| Fryderyk | |
| Lorraine | |
| Ludwika (1807–55) | |
| October | |
| French | |
| the Palace grounds | |
| flute and violin | |
| illnesses | |
| October 1810 | |
| Warsaw Lyceum | |
| flute and violin | |
| piano | |
| slight | |
| French | |
| flute and violin | |
| piano | |
| Saxon Palace grounds | |
| Fryderyk | |
| Ludwika | |
| seven | |
| two polonaises | |
| a polonaise in A-flat major of 1821 | |
| Fryderyk | |
| Ludwika | |
| seven | |
| 1817 | |
| 1816 to 1821 | |
| Fryderyk | |
| Ludwika | |
| seven | |
| Fryderyk | |
| 18 | |
| the rectorate of Warsaw University | |
| Kazimierz Palace | |
| Belweder Palace | |
| Chopin's" ("Our Discourses") | |
| 18 | |
| Kazimierz Palace | |
| Grand Duke Constantine | |
| a march | |
| Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz | |
| Belweder Palace | |
| Grand Duke Constantine | |
| a march | |
| Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz | |
| September 1823 to 1826 | |
| Józef Elsner | |
| eolomelodicon | |
| Tsar Alexander I | |
| 10 June 1825 | |
| Wilhelm Würfel | |
| Józef Elsner | |
| diamond ring | |
| diamond ring | |
| Rondo Op. 1 | |
| Wilhelm Würfel | |
| Silesian composer Józef Elsner | |
| eolomelodicon | |
| a diamond ring | |
| Rondo Op. 1 | |
| Dominik Dziewanowski | |
| Szafarnia | |
| Frédéric | |
| modern and lively Polish | |
| Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate | |
| Polish rural folk music | |
| Dominik Dziewanowski | |
| The Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Szafarnia Courier") | |
| Szafarnia | |
| 1827 | |
| Warsaw | |
| 1830 | |
| Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopin]]) became a museum | |
| Ambrotów Mieroszewski | |
| 1827 | |
| 1830 | |
| Sale Parlour (Salonik Chopintów) became a museum | |
| Ambrotów Mieroszewski | |
| Chopin's youngest sister | |
| 1830 | |
| Chopin Family Parlour | |
| Ambrotów Mieroszewski | |
| male or female | |
| Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana | |
| Konstancja Gładkowska | |
| Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen | |
| Konstancja Gładkowska | |
| Concerto No. 1 | |
| July 1829 | |
| Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomu | |
| Konstancja Gładkowska | |
| Woyciechowski | |
| Concerto No. 1 | |
| Four | |
| Feliks Jarocki | |
| Gaspare Spontini | |
| Prince Antoni Radziwiłł | |
| Polonaise in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3. | |
| September 1828 | |
| Feliks Jarocki | |
| Prince Antoni Radziwiłł | |
| Prince Antoni Radziwiłł | |
| Polonaise in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3 | |
| 1828 | |
| Feliks Jarocki | |
| composer and aspiring cellist | |
| Gaspare Spontini | |
| 1829 | |
| Souvenir de Paganini | |
| August | |
| two piano concerts | |
| 17 March 1830 | |
| Souvenir de Paganini | |
| Vienna | |
| Concerto No. 2 in F minor, | |
| September 1829 | |
| accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists | |
| Niccolò Paganini | |
| Vienna | |
| two piano concerts | |
| three weeks | |
| 2 November 1830 | |
| Italy | |
| 1830 | |
| Jachimecki | |
| Zdzisław Jachimecki | |
| Woyciechowski | |
| Italy | |
| Poland | |
| western Europe | |
| Woyciechowski | |
| 1830 | |
| "I curse the moment of my departure." | |
| 1831 | |
| Polish Great Emigration | |
| French | |
| 1835 | |
| friends and confidants | |
| French | |
| September | |
| Polish Great Emigration | |
| 1835 | |
| Adam Zamoyski | |
| Poland | |
| French | |
| French | |
| Adam Zamoyski | |
| Polish Great Emigration | |
| Paris | |
| Adam Mickiewicz | |
| songs | |
| Adam mickiewicz | |
| artists | |
| Adam mickiewicz | |
| principal of the Polish Literary Society | |
| Julian Fontana | |
| Chopin | |
| elder brother | |
| Albert Grzymała | |
| Polish | |
| England | |
| England | |
| Albert Grzymała | |
| Albert Grzymała | |
| Albert Grzymała | |
| Paris | |
| Robert Schumann | |
| 26 February 1832 | |
| intimate keyboard technique | |
| his father | |
| Robert Schumann | |
| 26 February 1832 | |
| Rothschild | |
| end of 1831 | |
| intimate keyboard technique | |
| publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe | |
| Paris apartment | |
| pianos | |
| Salle Pleyel | |
| Hexameron | |
| Maurice Schlesinger | |
| Adolphe Gutmann | |
| his own Paris apartment | |
| J.S. Bach | |
| Maurice Schlesinger | |
| Chopin | |
| playing and discussing music at his piano | |
| Friedrich Schadow | |
| Carlsbad | |
| Aix-la-Chapelle | |
| Hiller | |
| Carlsbad | |
| September | |
| Countes Wodziowska | |
| Felix Mendelssohn | |
| Aix-la-Chapelle | |
| director of the Academy of Art | |
| Maria | |
| Woyciechowski | |
| Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot | |
| Liszt | |
| 26 February 1832 | |
| Woyciechowski | |
| Salle Pleyel | |
| Chopin at 38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin | |
| Rue Lafitte | |
| seven occasions | |
| Hector Berlioz | |
| Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory | |
| 2 April 1833 | |
| Beethoven Memorial in Bonn, | |
| Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory | |
| Hôtel de la Chaussée-d'Antin | |
| seven occasions | |
| Hector Berli | |
| love-hate | |
| theatricality, showmanship and success | |
| Chopin | |
| my friend Liszt | |
| Op. 10 Études | |
| Marie d'Agoult | |
| Liszt | |
| Liszt | |
| Marie d'Agoult | |
| Hiller | |
| George Sand | |
| Marie d'Agoult | |
| My tragedy | |
| Grzymała | |
| George Sand | |
| rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand | |
| "My tragedy". | |
| Marie d'Agoult | |
| 1837 | |
| "My tragedy" | |
| Grzymała | |
| London | |
| lovers | |
| six years older than the composer | |
| lovers | |
| a former lover Félicien Mallefille | |
| Camille | |
| piano maker | |
| six years older than the composer | |
| Félicien Mallefille | |
| Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa | |
| end of June 1838 | |
| Majorca | |
| Maurice | |
| Félicien Mallefille | |
| Carthusian monastery | |
| three | |
| Pleyel piano | |
| best possible condition | |
| three | |
| December | |
| his bad health | |
| Pleyel piano | |
| December | |
| Pleyel | |
| the bad weather | |
| Canuts | |
| Barcelona, then to Marseilles | |
| Nohant | |
| Square d'Orléans | |
| the Canuts | |
| Marseilles | |
| Nohant | |
| 5 rue Tronchet | |
| Square d'Orléans | |
| the bad weather | |
| a local French couple, the Canuts | |
| Marseilles | |
| Square d'Orléans | |
| Sand's estate at Nohant | |
| the July Revolution | |
| tenth | |
| Adolphe Nourrit | |
| transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. | |
| a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. | |
| Adolphe Nourrit | |
| a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. | |
| Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale | |
| the July Revolution | |
| Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 | |
| mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot | |
| 7 June 1842 | |
| piano technique and composition | |
| Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot | |
| piano technique and composition | |
| Delacroix | |
| 1842 | |
| Grzymała | |
| Beethoven Seventh Symphony | |
| piano | |
| epilepsy | |
| 1842 | |
| Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement | |
| epilepsy | |
| 1842 | |
| mouth and tonsils | |
| Beethoven Seventh Symphony | |
| Charles Hallé | |
| epilepsy | |
| Solange | |
| Sand looked on his society friends with disdain | |
| "child," a "little angel", a "sufferer" and a "beloved little corpse." | |
| Lucrezia Floriani | |
| 18 | |
| 1846 | |
| Chopin | |
| Lucrezia Floriani | |
| Chopin | |
| a nurse to Chopin | |
| Lucrezia Floriani | |
| Chopin was utterly indifferent to Sand's radical political pursuits | |
| Op. 58 sonata | |
| refined than many of his earlier compositions | |
| a dozen | |
| six | |
| Op. 58 sonata | |
| six | |
| six shorter pieces | |
| a dozen | |
| February 1848 | |
| Auguste Franchomme | |
| February 1848 | |
| Auguste Franchomme | |
| struggle financially | |
| Auguste Franchomme | |
| Cello Sonata | |
| BBC | |
| Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda | |
| Chopin – The Women Behind The Music | |
| BBC | |
| Chopin – The Women Behind The Music (2010) | |
| Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda | |
| Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda | |
| A Song to Remember | |
| Cornel Wilde | |
| 1928 | |
| Hugh Grant | |
| George Sand | |
| A Song to Remember | |
| Cornel Wilde | |
| Henry Roussel | |
| Hugh Grant | |
| 1901 | |
| Milan | |
| Giacomo Orefice | |
| a fanciful operatic version | |
| fanciful operatic | |
| Giacomo Orefice | |
| 1901 | |
| Milan | |
| Leon Ulrich | |
| Marcel Proust and André Gide | |
| biographies | |
| an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich | |
| 1830 | |
| English | |
| five years | |
| Grand Prix du F. Chopin | |
| The New York Times | |
| Warsaw Chopin Society | |
| five years | |
| The New York Times | |
| 1895 | |
| an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2 | |
| Paul Pabst of the Nocturne | |
| The British Library | |
| 1895 | |
| Methuen-Campbell | |
| International Chopin piano Competition | |
| 1927 | |
| Warsaw | |
| every five years | |
| 1,500 | |
| International Chopin piano Competition | |
| 1927 | |
| Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland | |
| nearly 1,500 | |
| Chopiniana | |
| Michel Fokine | |
| Les Sylphides | |
| Alexander Glazunov | |
| 1909 | |
| Chopiniana | |
| Michel Fokine | |
| Alexander Glazunov | |
| Les Sylphides | |
| London | |
| Stirling | |
| London | |
| Jane Stirling and her elder sister | |
| Stirling | |
| Revolution of 1848 | |
| Scottish | |
| Dover Street | |
| Broadwood | |
| Stafford House | |
| Queen Victoria and Prince Albert | |
| 7 July | |
| grand piano | |
| grand piano | |
| Queen Victoria and Prince Albert | |
| private recitals | |
| Viardot | |
| Scotland | |
| Adam Łyecznański | |
| Scotland | |
| Glasgow | |
| "a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere | |
| 16 November 1848 | |
| London's Guildhall | |
| Polish refugees | |
| very seriously ill | |
| London's Guildhall | |
| Chopin or accompanied the singna Potocka, for his friends | |
| Chapin returned to Paris | |
| Princess Obreskoff | |
| end of November | |
| Delfina Potocka | |
| Chaillot | |
| Princess Obreskoff | |
| June 1849 | |
| June 1849 | |
| Place Vendôme 12 | |
| Ludwika | |
| Ludwika | |
| Jane Stirling | |
| de riur to faint | |
| fear of being buried alive | |
| "No longer" | |
| Solange's husband Clésinger | |
| fear of being buried alive | |
| cast of his left hand | |
| tuberculosis | |
| Cruveilhier | |
| DNA testing | |
| tuberculosis | |
| Jean Cruveilhier | |
| cystic fibrosis | |
| Polish government | |
| Church of the Madeleine | |
| two weeks | |
| 3,000 | |
| Church of the Madeleine | |
| two weeks | |
| 3,000 | |
| Mozart's Requiem | |
| Louis Lefébure-Wély | |
| Prince Adam Czarski | |
| Funeral March from Chopin's piano Sonata No. 2 | |
| Mozart's Requiem | |
| Louis Lefébure-Wély | |
| Père Lachaise | |
| Prince Adam Czartoryski | |
| Funeral March from Chopin's piano Sonata No. 2 | |
| Clésinger | |
| Euterpe | |
| 5,000 francs | |
| Jane Stirling | |
| an urn | |
| Clésinger | |
| 5,000 francs | |
| Jane Stirling | |
| Ludwika | |
| Sand, who seems to have destroyed them. | |
| 230 | |
| piano | |
| 230 | |
| chamber music | |
| Clementi | |
| Clementi | |
| Bach and Mozart | |
| Clementi | |
| Chopin | |
| ballades and scherzi | |
| salon | |
| ballades and scherzi | |
| the concert étude | |
| Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles | |
| seven | |
| nine | |
| Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map. | |
| faster | |
| the Op. 26 pair | |
| concert hall | |
| dance forms | |
| nine | |
| waltzes | |
| Minute Waltz | |
| Funeral March | |
| Sonata No. 2 (Op. 35) | |
| Funeral March, the composer never named an instrumental work beyond genre and number | |
| Revolutionary Étude | |
| the Minute Waltz | |
| 65 | |
| Julian Fontana | |
| 23 unpublished piano pieces | |
| 17 | |
| 65 | |
| Julian Fontana | |
| 1857 | |
| Krystyna | |
| 1857 | |
| alternative catalogue designations | |
| Kobylatów Catalogue | |
| [k musicologist Krystyna Kobyla | |
| Krystyna Kobyla | |
| Breitkopf & Härtel | |
| Jan Ekier | |
| publishers | |
| popular 19th-century piano anthologies | |
| Pader | |
| Jan Ekier | |
| Improvisation | |
| the four-bar phrase | |
| Improvisation | |
| Nicholas Temperley | |
| his flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit | |
| Barcarolle Op. 60 | |
| the four ballades | |
| "departure and return" | |
| folk features | |
| ternary or episodic | |
| mazurkas | |
| drone basses | |
| canon at one beat's distance | |
| triple time | |
| Elsner | |
| martial | |
| formidable playing technique | |
| 21 | |
| agitated expression | |
| Field | |
| Chopin met in 1833 | |
| agitated expression | |
| piano playing double thirds (Op. 25, No. 6 | |
| straightforward ternary | |
| straightforward ternary | |
| The Well-Tempered Clavier | |
| Kenneth Hamilton | |
| The preludes | |
| J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier | |
| generic preludes | |
| Ferruccio Busoni | |
| four | |
| Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson | |
| four | |
| a brief (75-bar) perpetuum mobile | |
| Op. 58 | |
| Claude Debussy | |
| harmonic innovations | |
| Temperley | |
| very independent finger technique | |
| Léon Escudier | |
| Projet de et | |
| Karol Szymanowski | |
| national modes | |
| Nikolai Zverev | |
| Karol Szymanowski | |
| Alexander Scriabin | |
| Nikolai Zverev | |
| Jonathan Bellman | |
| expressive phrasing, rhythmic consistency and sensitive colouring | |
| chromatic embroidery | |
| hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art | |
| Berlioz | |
| Hiller | |
| rubato | |
| robbing' some note-values for expressive effect | |
| rubato | |
| rubato | |
| Friederike Müller | |
| Friederike Müller | |
| rhythm | |
| nationalism | |
| 1836 | |
| his native Poland | |
| the failure of the November rising | |
| Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein | |
| polonaises | |
| Schumann | |
| flowers | |
| Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein | |
| Barbara Milewski | |
| "nationalist" composers in Central Europe | |
| Richard Taruskin | |
| conscious patriotic design | |
| freedom | |
| Europe and the New World | |
| Byronic flamboyance | |
| Liszt and Henri Herz | |
| Paris | |
| Arthur Hutchings | |
| Carnaval | |
| Ballade No. 2 in F major | |
| six | |
| Alkan | |
| pianist and composer | |
| Carnaval | |
| Ballade No. 2 in F major | |
| Liszt's | |
| Debussy | |
| Jacques Durand | |
| Raoul Koczalski | |
| Chopin's music | |
| Mainland Chinese scholars | |
| horses | |
| 1260–1294) | |
| Deshin Shekpa | |
| Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school | |
| Nepal | |
| armed resistance | |
| Mongols | |
| Ganden Phodrang | |
| 1578 | |
| 9th century | |
| Yarlung rulers of Tibet | |
| fixed the borders between Tibet and China. | |
| Tang | |
| 821 | |
| 907–960 | |
| 907–960 | |
| Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty | |
| Khitan | |
| Jurchen | |
| Genghis Khan | |
| the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1241) | |
| 1229–1241 | |
| Genghis Khan | |
| Godan | |
| Sakya Pandita | |
| Töregene Khatun | |
| 1241–1246 | |
| thirteen | |
| Khagan | |
| Ögedei Khan | |
| Karma Pakshi | |
| Phagpa lama | |
| 1279 | |
| China, Tibet, Mongolia, Korea | |
| Yuan | |
| universal rule | |
| China | |
| 1358 | |
| Phagmodru myriarch Tai Changchub Gyaltsen | |
| Phagmodru myriarch Taichub Gyaltsen | |
| Phagmodrupa Dynasty | |
| Zhu Yuanzhang | |
| Zhu Yuanzhang | |
| Zhu Yuanzhang | |
| 1368–1398 | |
| Zhu Yuanzhang | |
| Rolpe Dorje | |
| pe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama | |
| the Buddhist link between Tibet and China | |
| Hongwu Emperor | |
| Ming government | |
| 1402–14 | |
| Yongle Emperor | |
| 1644–1912 | |
| 1739 | |
| -Lì-Sī Army-Civilian Marshal Office | |
| seventeen | |
| western Tibet | |
| three Princes | |
| Van Praag | |
| Tai Situ Changch Gyaltsen | |
| Turrell V. Wylie | |
| Tibet | |
| Morris Rossabi | |
| Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa | |
| Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa | |
| Wang and Nyima | |
| 1371 | |
| princes | |
| invite ex-Yuan officials to the court | |
| Thomas Laird | |
| Mongols | |
| Wang and Nyima | |
| the line of Mongol rulers in China | |
| the line of Mongol rulers in China | |
| non-Chinese polity | |
| Kublai Khan | |
| 1271 to 1368 | |
| 1311–1320 | |
| licensed border market | |
| Mongols and other ethnicities | |
| Ming | |
| General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office | |
| Ming dynasty's Ü-Tsang Commanding Office | |
| Beijing | |
| Chen Qingying | |
| 1,000 | |
| 10,000 | |
| Tibetologist John Powers | |
| ruling lamas | |
| subordinates | |
| the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan | |
| Hans Bielenstein | |
| Environmental Minister | |
| "Degsi" | |
| Phagmodrupa Dynasty | |
| Wang and Nyima | |
| Tai Situpa | |
| Changchub Gyaltsen | |
| Van Praag | |
| University of Washington | |
| Mongol suzerainty | |
| sagya Gyaincain | |
| Hongwu Emperor | |
| Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen | |
| Hongwu Emperor | |
| the Ming court | |
| Phagmodrupa | |
| 1434 | |
| 1642 | |
| hegemonies | |
| Karma Kargyu | |
| Tsongkhapa | |
| Je Tsongkhapa | |
| Ming Yongle Emperor | |
| Tsongkhapa | |
| 1407 | |
| 1413 | |
| Chosrje Shākya Yeshes | |
| 14 | |
| Dawa Norbu | |
| eastern Tibetan princes | |
| army | |
| Tibet | |
| Yang Sanbao | |
| Tibet | |
| 1413 | |
| to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes | |
| to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet | |
| Gelug | |
| 1430s | |
| Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu | |
| various lamas | |
| Phagmodru myriarchy | |
| Melvyn C. Goldstein | |
| 1435–1565 | |
| Melvyn C. Goldstein | |
| 1565–1642 | |
| 1398–1402 | |
| Yao | |
| Hongwu | |
| March 10, 1403 | |
| Zhi Guang | |
| to seek out the Karmapa | |
| 1407 | |
| Lhasa | |
| 1403 | |
| the palace in Nanjing | |
| Karmapa | |
| Kublai | |
| Norbu | |
| Linggu Temple | |
| Nanjing | |
| Treasure Prince of Dharma | |
| religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects | |
| Deshin Shekpa | |
| religious | |
| send a military force into Tibet | |
| forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools | |
| Deshin Shekpa | |
| Jianwen Emperor | |
| Deshin Shekpa | |
| Deshin Shekpa's miracles | |
| Chinese Communist historians | |
| Buddhist artifacts | |
| Josef Kolmaš | |
| 1435–1449 | |
| Information Office of the State Council | |
| Karmapa | |
| Great Treasure Prince of Dharma | |
| 1445 | |
| Karmapa hierarchs | |
| 1446 | |
| 1415 | |
| Karma Kagyu | |
| facilitate trade with Tibet | |
| tea, horses, and salt | |
| Sichuan | |
| secure urgently needed horses | |
| wealthy entourage and Ming Chinese merchants | |
| handicrafts | |
| the Ming | |
| "corvée" | |
| Tibet | |
| Altan Khan | |
| Oirat Mongol confederation | |
| the Ming dynasty | |
| Altan Khan | |
| 14th century | |
| November 1378 | |
| 30,000 | |
| 200,000 | |
| Ming general Qu Neng | |
| recovery of the Ordos region | |
| Mongols | |
| Ming China | |
| stabilize border regions and protect trade routes | |
| "divide-and-rule" | |
| after the Sakya regime | |
| Kublai Khan | |
| Karmapa | |
| Phagmodrupa | |
| 1498 | |
| New Years | |
| there is no known written evidence to suggest that later leaders | |
| 1505–1521 | |
| lamas | |
| Rinpung-supported Mikyö Dorje | |
| Elliot Sperling | |
| China's intervening Ming dynasty | |
| 13th | |
| 18th century | |
| Qing | |
| Chinese central government | |
| Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans | |
| Communist successors | |
| California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco | |
| Mongols | |
| patron and priest | |
| 13th century | |
| Ming dynasty | |
| 1981 | |
| China Daily | |
| the central government of China | |
| 1521–1567 | |
| Daoism | |
| Tibetan lamas | |
| Yang Tinghe | |
| Yang Tinghe | |
| Evelyn S. Rawski | |
| Neo-Confucian | |
| Fernão Pires de Andrade | |
| Tibetan Buddhism and lamas | |
| Jiajing | |
| Kokonor | |
| Ming Chinese | |
| Ming | |
| 1571 | |
| Sönam Gyatso | |
| shamanism | |
| Mongol princes | |
| execution | |
| Dalai Lama | |
| unique fusion of religious and political power | |
| en Khan | |
| Altan Khan | |
| 5th Dalai Lama | |
| 1617–16 | |
| Altan Khan | |
| Altan Khan | |
| Zhang Juzheng | |
| Zhang Juzheng | |
| Mongolia | |
| Dalai Lama | |
| pay tribute | |
| Dorjichang or Vajra Dalai Lama | |
| fifth Dalai Lama | |
| Panchen Lama | |
| Master of Vajradhara | |
| Yonten Gyatso | |
| 16 | |
| Yonten Gyatso | |
| just like his predecessor | |
| Mongol | |
| vassal of Tibet | |
| 1642 | |
| Ming court | |
| 1565 | |
| Karma Phuntsok Namgyal | |
| 1611–1621 | |
| Karmapa | |
| four Dalai Lama | |
| Güshi Khan | |
| protector | |
| Gelugpas' | |
| Amdo | |
| 1642 | |
| Lozang Gyatso | |
| conquest of Tibet | |
| Dalai Lama | |
| Sonam Chöpel | |
| Güshi Khan | |
| Li Zicheng | |
| Dalai Lama | |
| Shunzhi | |
| Dzungar Mongols | |
| Tibetan | |
| 1720 | |
| 1751 | |
| 1735–1796 | |
| Apple | |
| October 23, 2001 | |
| three | |
| portable media players | |
| touchscreen | |
| 2001 | |
| Apple | |
| three | |
| iPod Nano | |
| July 15, 2015 | |
| external data | |
| 160 GB | |
| 160 GB | |
| 2 GB Shuffle | |
| 160 GB | |
| 2 GB | |
| 128 GB | |
| iTunes | |
| Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems | |
| iTunes | |
| 5 | |
| iPad | |
| iOS 5 | |
| 2010 | |
| Music" and "Videos" | |
| A8 | |
| sixth | |
| A8 | |
| 2015 | |
| A8 | |
| Space grey, pink, gold | |
| 2001 | |
| 2004 | |
| Jon Ive | |
| Braun T3 | |
| 5 GB | |
| 2001 | |
| 5 GB | |
| the iPod | |
| Jon Rubinstein | |
| Apple | |
| Pixo | |
| Chicago font | |
| 2007 | |
| Helvetica | |
| Steve Jobs | |
| Portal Player's reference platform based on two ARM cores | |
| Podium Sans | |
| 2006 | |
| U2 | |
| silver but black | |
| an exclusive video with 33 minutes of interviews and performance | |
| U2 | |
| silver but black | |
| 2006 | |
| Burst.com | |
| Kane Kramer | |
| UK | |
| 1981 | |
| plastic music box | |
| Burst.com | |
| Kane Kramer | |
| Kane Kramer | |
| Vinnie Chieco | |
| freelance copywriter | |
| A Space Odyssey | |
| Vinnie Chieco | |
| 2005 | |
| A Space Odyssey | |
| Vinnie Chieco | |
| Joseph N. Grasso | |
| mid 2015 | |
| Pierre Dandumont | |
| the latest version of iTunes, 12.2 | |
| 12.2 | |
| Pierre Dandumont | |
| weak bass response | |
| high-impedance | |
| an external headphone amplifier | |
| weak bass response | |
| DC-blocking capacitors | |
| the bass | |
| R&B, Acoustic, and Bass booster | |
| equalizer amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit | |
| 2006 | |
| R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass booster | |
| hearing loss | |
| 100 dB in EU | |
| 100 dB | |
| France | |
| 100 dB | |
| France | |
| FireWire | |
| FireWire connection to the host computer | |
| FireWire | |
| third generation | |
| FireWire | |
| fifth | |
| four | |
| 3.5 mm minijack phone connector | |
| third generation | |
| four-generation iPod Shuffle | |
| FireWire | |
| second-generation iPod Touch | |
| -discontinued iPod Hi-Fi | |
| Belkin and Griffin | |
| dock connector | |
| proprietary interface | |
| third parties | |
| iPod Hi-Fi | |
| Lightning | |
| Lightning | |
| both sides | |
| Apple Lightning cables have pins on both sides | |
| both sides | |
| Lightning | |
| fifth | |
| iPod Hi-Fi | |
| the iPodcamera | |
| Griffin Technology, JBL, Monster Cable, and SendStation | |
| TV | |
| Griffin Technology | |
| Apple | |
| BMW | |
| 2005 | |
| Scion | |
| BMW | |
| Scion | |
| JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon | |
| FM | |
| audio input jacks | |
| personal FM transmitters | |
| audio input jacks | |
| United, Continental, and Emirates | |
| individual seat-back displays | |
| United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates | |
| United, Delta, and Emirates | |
| mid-2007 | |
| AAC/M4A | |
| The iPod photo | |
| WMA | |
| Digital Rights Management | |
| Mac | |
| MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, | |
| The iPod photo | |
| one host computer | |
| anything added or edited | |
| host computer | |
| five buttons | |
| later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel | |
| earphone cable | |
| minimalist | |
| iPhone | |
| five buttons | |
| iPod Shuffle | |
| iPhone | |
| April 29, 2003 | |
| iTunes | |
| October 12, 2005 | |
| October 12, 2005 | |
| April 29, 2003 | |
| April 29, 2003 | |
| April 29, 2003 | |
| AAC | |
| Up to five authorized computers | |
| "iTunes Plus." | |
| January 6, 2009 | |
| April 2009 | |
| AAC | |
| FairPlay DRM system | |
| EMI | |
| April 2009 | |
| eMusic or Amie Street | |
| iPod | |
| DRM | |
| Universal Music Group | |
| iTunes Store | |
| July 3, 2007 | |
| "The Beat Goes On..." | |
| September 5, 2007 | |
| September 5, 2007 | |
| an iPhone | |
| iPods | |
| an easter egg hidden feature | |
| Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak | |
| Parachute, Solitaire, and Music quiz | |
| menu option | |
| Brick | |
| Parachute, Solitaire, and Music quiz | |
| 2006 | |
| iTunes 7 | |
| 5th | |
| 4th | |
| 2006 | |
| fifth | |
| Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft | |
| handheld console market | |
| GamePro and EGM | |
| ipg files | |
| .zip archives | |
| software development kit | |
| iPod Touch | |
| ipg files | |
| clickwheel-based games | |
| publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific development | |
| iTunes | |
| third-party applications | |
| iTunes | |
| DRM protected | |
| iTunes 7 and above | |
| hidden | |
| host | |
| copying the files or folders off the iPod | |
| 2005 | |
| patent infringement by the iPod line | |
| Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company | |
| Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company | |
| Advanced Audio Devices | |
| FairPlay | |
| music selection | |
| August 2005 | |
| Creative Technology | |
| "Zen Patent" | |
| International Trade Commission | |
| rotational user inputs | |
| Creative Technology | |
| August 24, 2006 | |
| US$100 million | |
| Made for iPod program | |
| Creative US$100 million | |
| Made for iPod program | |
| 72.7% | |
| October 2004 | |
| 72.7% | |
| Bloomberg Online | |
| 90% | |
| 72.7% | |
| 74% | |
| January 8, 2004 | |
| Hewlett-Packard | |
| Hewlett-Packard (HP) | |
| 5% | |
| unfavorable | |
| Hewlett-Packard (HP) | |
| one-hundred millionth | |
| 32% | |
| Mac computers | |
| US$5.2 billion | |
| 2007 | |
| 32% | |
| US$6.2 billion | |
| 19.22% | |
| US$24.01 billion | |
| US$15.4 billion | |
| US$3.5 billion | |
| January 22, 2008 | |
| $1.58 billion | |
| 21% | |
| 21% | |
| Peter Oppenheimer | |
| 2009 | |
| 14.21% | |
| 220 million | |
| 2013 | |
| fourth best | |
| favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use | |
| iPod line and the AAC | |
| WMA | |
| PC World | |
| Sony Ericsson and Nokia | |
| PC World | |
| Western Infirmaries | |
| to train new staff | |
| Royal and Western Infirmaries | |
| Glasgow, Scotland | |
| Duke University | |
| Entertainment Weekly | |
| Duke University | |
| Entertainment Weekly | |
| Album Era | |
| music | |
| accelerating shifts | |
| Album Era | |
| 14 hours | |
| MP3.com | |
| 2003 | |
| battery charges lasted for shorter lengths than stated | |
| 8 | |
| third-party vendors | |
| a refurbished replacement iPod | |
| lithium-ion batteries | |
| worn-out batteries | |
| lithium-ion batteries | |
| battery replacement program | |
| US$99 | |
| soldering tools | |
| Fifth | |
| 2003 | |
| US$99 | |
| Fifth generation | |
| flawed battery | |
| Apple product replacement program | |
| short life-span and fragile | |
| MacIn Touch | |
| 2005 | |
| In late 2005 | |
| protective sleeves | |
| flash memory | |
| surface | |
| Apple's Code of Conduct | |
| Apple's Code of Conduct | |
| 25% | |
| The Mail | |
| 35% | |
| Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group | |
| Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group | |
| Foxconn | |
| Longhua, Shenzhen | |
| Foxconn | |
| Verité | |
| 2006 | |
| 2010 | |
| an Apple prototype | |
| 2010 | |
| innovation | |
| HFS+ | |
| FAT32 | |
| action-adventure | |
| GameCube and Wii | |
| November 2006 | |
| 2005 | |
| Nintendo | |
| November 2005 | |
| 2006 | |
| Link | |
| Hyrule | |
| Midna | |
| Link | |
| Midna | |
| The Wind Waker | |
| Game of the Year | |
| Nintendo Selects label | |
| March | |
| Twilight Princess | |
| several | |
| 2006 | |
| March 2016 | |
| combat, exploration, and item collection | |
| Ocarina of Time | |
| projectile-based weapons | |
| sword and shield | |
| bow and arrows | |
| action-adventure | |
| Ocarina of Time | |
| sword and shield | |
| L-targeting | |
| one button | |
| on-screen display | |
| place the rock on the ground if he is standing still | |
| context-sensitive button | |
| on-screen display | |
| built-in speaker | |
| a bowstring when shooting an arrow | |
| a bowstring when shooting an arrow | |
| swinging the Wii Remote | |
| two | |
| motion sensors | |
| the Wii Remote | |
| nine dungeons | |
| to obtain an item | |
| a large overworld | |
| the horse, Epona; or by teleporting | |
| puzzles | |
| a boss | |
| a large overworld | |
| wolf | |
| dodging attacks | |
| Poes | |
| Wolf Link | |
| human | |
| a wolf | |
| imp-like creature | |
| enemy ghosts | |
| artificial intelligence | |
| The Wind Waker | |
| arrows or slingshot pellets | |
| artificial intelligence | |
| Enemies | |
| nods and facial expressions | |
| Midna | |
| Akikomoto | |
| Japanese | |
| grunts | |
| nods and facial expressions | |
| Midna | |
| Akikomoto | |
| a ranch hand | |
| carry off the village's children with Link | |
| Midna | |
| "Tears of Light" | |
| Ordon Village | |
| Bulblins | |
| "Tears of Light" | |
| Fused Shadows | |
| Zant | |
| the Master Sword | |
| Zelda | |
| Lanayru | |
| Ordon Village's children | |
| Zant | |
| Master Sword | |
| Zelda | |
| Shadow Crystal | |
| the Mirror of Twilight | |
| Midna | |
| Hyrule Castle | |
| Zelda's | |
| the Shadow Crystal | |
| the Mirror of Twilight | |
| Midna | |
| Ganondorf | |
| beast | |
| Mirror of Twilight | |
| Ordon Village | |
| Zelda | |
| his chest | |
| Zelda | |
| Link and Zelda | |
| Midna's helmet | |
| Mirror of Twilight | |
| The Legend of Zelda | |
| Game Developers Conference | |
| North American | |
| horseback combat | |
| 2003 | |
| Eiji Aonuma | |
| horseback combat | |
| four months | |
| Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004 | |
| Nintendo DS | |
| Phantom Hourglass | |
| 2004 | |
| a wolf | |
| Minish Cap | |
| Revolution | |
| Aonuma | |
| Takano | |
| Wii Remote | |
| pointing-based interface for the bow and arrow | |
| 2005 | |
| Aonuma | |
| 2005 | |
| Nintendo DS | |
| E3 | |
| the Wii | |
| E3 2005 | |
| swing the Wii Remote with the right hand | |
| NGC Magazine | |
| make it into the GameCube release | |
| 2006 | |
| a month | |
| NGC Magazine | |
| E3 2006 | |
| Wii controls | |
| sword | |
| Aonuma | |
| right-handed | |
| intuitive and easy to use | |
| Toru Minegishi | |
| Minegishi | |
| Michiru Ōshima | |
| Toru Minegishi | |
| Michiru Ōshima | |
| Yasuzo Takemoto | |
| live | |
| 50-person | |
| November 19, 2006 | |
| Nintendo Power promotion | |
| Media requests at the trade show | |
| November 19, 2006 | |
| Nintendo Power promotion | |
| a buffer overflow vulnerability | |
| Executable and Linkable Format | |
| version 4.0 | |
| Twilight Hack | |
| 3.3 and 3.4 | |
| version 4.0 | |
| Tantalus Media | |
| Wii U | |
| November 12, 2015 | |
| March 5, 2016 | |
| The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD | |
| Tantalus Media | |
| Amiibo functionality | |
| March 4, 2016 | |
| Wolf Link Amiibo figurine | |
| Link and Toon | |
| Link and Toon | |
| Ganondorf | |
| "Cave of Shadows" | |
| Wolf Link Amiibo figurine | |
| "Cave of Shadows" | |
| Link and Toon Link | |
| Zelda and Sheik | |
| GameStop | |
| 20 musical selections | |
| Japan, Europe, and Australia | |
| A CD containing 20 musical selections | |
| perfect scores | |
| GameRankings and Metacritic | |
| GameTrailers | |
| universal critical acclaim and commercial success | |
| perfect scores | |
| 95% and 96 | |
| GameTrailers | |
| IGN and GameSpy | |
| GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann | |
| GameSpot | |
| IGN | |
| 1UP.com | |
| IGN and GameSpy | |
| Gaming Nexus | |
| Hyper's Javier Glickman | |
| GameCube | |
| 16th | |
| 4th-best | |
| third-best | |
| IGN and Nintendo Power | |
| Best Adventure Game | |
| 16th | |
| 4th | |
| North, Central or South America | |
| 5.82 million | |
| 1.32 million | |
| PAL | |
| 5.82 million | |
| 1.32 million | |
| Akira Himekawa | |
| Japan | |
| Akira Himekawa | |
| mobile | |
| Eon Productions | |
| Daniel Craig | |
| James Bond | |
| Skyfall | |
| $245 million | |
| twenty-fourth | |
| Spectre | |
| Spectre | |
| Metro-Mayer and Columbia Pictures | |
| Sam Mendes | |
| Spectre | |
| Diamonds Are Forever | |
| M, Q and Eve Moneypenny | |
| Bautista | |
| Lucia Sciarra | |
| M, Q and Eve Moneypenny | |
| Léa Seydoux | |
| Bautista | |
| 1971 | |
| 26 October 2015 | |
| Royal Albert Hall in London | |
| 6 November 2015 | |
| length, lack of screen time | |
| Best Original Song | |
| Skyfall | |
| "Writing's on the Wall" | |
| Day of the Dead | |
| M | |
| Garreth Mallory | |
| "Nine Eyes" | |
| Garreth Mallory | |
| Day | |
| MI5 and MI6 | |
| an assassin who survived the attack | |
| Mr. White | |
| Spectre | |
| Franz Oberhauser | |
| a Spectre assassin | |
| Moneypenny | |
| Rome | |
| Franz Oberhauser | |
| Mr. Hinx | |
| Oberhauser | |
| thallium poisoning | |
| Madeline Swann | |
| commits suicide | |
| Hoffler Clinic | |
| Tangier | |
| thallium poisoning | |
| Madeline Swann | |
| Tangier | |
| Bond | |
| train | |
| Swann | |
| Ernst Stavro Blofeld | |
| Ernst Stavro Blofeld | |
| MI6 building | |
| Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny | |
| Westminster Bridge | |
| Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny | |
| Q | |
| M, Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny | |
| SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion | |
| Kevin McClory | |
| 1963 | |
| Never Again | |
| Warhead 2000 A.D. | |
| 1963 | |
| War Never Again | |
| Thunderball | |
| MGM and the McClory estate | |
| Spectre | |
| Eon Productions | |
| 2013 | |
| MGM | |
| Spectre | |
| Danjaq | |
| Sony Pictures Entertainment | |
| Eon Productions | |
| John Logan | |
| Eon Productions | |
| November 2014 | |
| John Logan | |
| Eon Productions | |
| Christoph Waltz | |
| 1983 | |
| Neal Purvis and Robert Wade | |
| Quantum of Solace | |
| "Octopussy" | |
| Charmian Bond | |
| "Octopussy" | |
| Christoph Waltz | |
| Quantum of Solace | |
| Spectre | |
| Hildebrand Rarity | |
| Kingsley Amis | |
| Your Eyes Only | |
| Your Eyes Only | |
| Blofeld | |
| brand Rarities and Antiques | |
| December 2014 | |
| Ralph Fiennes | |
| Naomie Harris | |
| Ralph Fiennes | |
| Rory Kinnear | |
| four | |
| Rory Kinnear | |
| Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw | |
| Franz Oberhauser | |
| Ernst Stavro Blofeld | |
| Bérénice Lim Marlohe | |
| Spectre | |
| fifty | |
| Bérénice Lim Marlohe | |
| Spectre | |
| ten thousand extras | |
| Alessandro Cremona | |
| Stephanie Sigman | |
| February 2015 | |
| Mexico | |
| Austria | |
| Alessandro Cremona | |
| Estrella | |
| John Glen | |
| Dennis Gassner | |
| Roger Deakins | |
| Skyfall and Spectre | |
| Spectre | |
| Bond 24 | |
| John Glen | |
| sixth Bond | |
| Pinewood Studios, and around London | |
| Kodak 35 mm film stock | |
| Pinewood Studios | |
| seven months | |
| Kodak 35 mm film stock | |
| Pinewood Studios | |
| December 2014 | |
| February 2015 | |
| Austria centred on the Ice Q Restaurant | |
| kne | |
| Ice Q Restaurant | |
| Austrian Alps | |
| Rettenbach glacier | |
| the Ponte bridge and the Roman Forum | |
| Williams | |
| Jaguar | |
| four independent electric engines | |
| Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire | |
| the Ponte Sisto bridge | |
| Aston Martin DB10 and a C-X75 | |
| Williams | |
| Jaguar | |
| Mexico City | |
| Day of the Dead | |
| Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district | |
| 1,500 | |
| Zócalo | |
| Day of the Dead | |
| Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 | |
| Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district | |
| Pinewood Studios | |
| 22 April | |
| New York | |
| Westminster and Lambeth Bridges | |
| London Fire Brigade | |
| Thames | |
| Vauxhall Cross | |
| Westminster and Lambeth Bridges | |
| The London Fire Brigade | |
| Covent Garden | |
| night | |
| Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud | |
| Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history | |
| production designer Chris Corbould | |
| 128 days | |
| Morocco | |
| rgest film stunt explosion | |
| 128 days | |
| Chris Corbould | |
| $20 million | |
| Michael G. Wilson | |
| Turkey | |
| Istanbul | |
| Thomas Newman | |
| 23 October 2015 | |
| Decca Records | |
| Thomas Newman | |
| Decca Records | |
| filming | |
| July 2015 | |
| Writing's on the Wall | |
| under half an hour | |
| Writing's on the Wall | |
| Sam Smith | |
| 25 September 2015 | |
| Adele's "Skyfall" | |
| Shirley Bassey | |
| Radiohead | |
| Adele | |
| Shirley Bassey | |
| Radiohead | |
| Aston Martin and Eon | |
| eight | |
| Williams F1 | |
| promotional work | |
| 10 | |
| 007 logo | |
| clappers | |
| Skyfall | |
| Eon's official social media accounts | |
| Skyfall | |
| a behind-the-scenes mockumentary | |
| BBC One | |
| July | |
| March 2015 | |
| Spectre | |
| David Walliams | |
| Royal Albert Hall | |
| 26 October 2015 | |
| Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation | |
| Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation | |
| Skyfall | |
| $879.3 million worldwide | |
| $199.8 million | |
| $879.3 million | |
| £4 million | |
| Harry Potter | |
| Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban | |
| £6.3 million | |
| The Dark Knight | |
| avatar | |
| The film also broke the record for the best per-screen opening average with $110,000 | |
| Paris | |
| $4.8 million | |
| Spider-Man 3 | |
| $8.2 million | |
| Spider-Man 3 | |
| Minions | |
| 372 screens | |
| $70.4 million | |
| $5.25 million | |
| Skyfall | |
| 372 screens | |
| weekend | |
| November | |
| 198% | |
| $84.7 million | |
| $15 million | |
| Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation | |
| $84.7 million | |
| 60 out of 100 | |
| 60 out of 100 | |
| 64% | |
| Audiences polled | |
| 64% | |
| 60 out of 100 | |
| Robbie Collin | |
| IGN | |
| four out of five stars | |
| four out of five stars | |
| Forbes' Scott Mendelson | |
| Mick LaSalle | |
| perfect 100 score | |
| 007 | |
| Christopher Orr | |
| Bored | |
| The Washington Post | |
| "Bored, James Bored." | |
| Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) | |
| Christoph Waltz | |
| spring 2016. | |
| spring 2016. | |
| 2008 | |
| the Great Sichuan earthquake | |
| 69,197 | |
| 2008 | |
| 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw | |
| May 12 | |
| 02:28:00 PM China Standard Time | |
| 69,197 | |
| Beijing and Shanghai | |
| 19 km (12 mi) | |
| even months | |
| Wenchuan earthquake | |
| Wenchuan County, Sichuan | |
| 80 kilometres (50 mi) west-northwest | |
| 19 km (12 mi) | |
| 69,197 | |
| 68,636 | |
| 4.8 million | |
| 15 million | |
| 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) | |
| 68,636 | |
| 374,176 | |
| 18,222 | |
| 4.8 million | |
| as high as 11 million | |
| Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture | |
| 2 minutes | |
| 80% | |
| 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw | |
| 2 minutes | |
| 80% | |
| Longmenshan fault | |
| the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate | |
| 120 sec | |
| deeper than 10 km. | |
| Longmenshan fault | |
| Yingxiu-Beichuan | |
| 80 sec | |
| 9 meters | |
| April 30, 2008 | |
| 1972 | |
| a confidential written report | |
| occurrence of a significant earthquake | |
| May 8 | |
| a correlation between the occurrence of droughts and earthquakes | |
| reports predicting the earthquake | |
| 9 meters | |
| USGS seismologist Tom Parsons | |
| up to 9 meters | |
| 240 km by 20 km deep | |
| 20 km | |
| southwestern | |
| a major M>7 aftershock | |
| over 6,000 | |
| the earthquake occurred in two stages | |
| Longmenshan Fault | |
| shallowness of the epicenter | |
| 30 times the energy of the Great Hanshin earthquake | |
| firmness of the terrain in central China | |
| Between 64 and 104 | |
| 72 hours of the main quake | |
| August 5, 2008 | |
| 64 and 104 | |
| 42,719 | |
| 6.4 MS | |
| 246 | |
| August 5, 2008 | |
| August 30, 2008 | |
| southern Sichuan | |
| Panzhihua earthquake | |
| 2008 Panzhihua | |
| southern Sichuan | |
| Ms 6.1 | |
| Ms 6.1 | |
| CEA | |
| European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) | |
| very destructive | |
| very disastrous | |
| Wenchuan | |
| eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau | |
| 3.5 metres (11 ft) vertical | |
| 3 metres (9.8 ft) | |
| 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) | |
| 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in) | |
| eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau | |
| The Longmen Shan Fault System | |
| 3.5 metres (11 ft) vertical | |
| 3.5 metres (11 ft) | |
| 4.8 metres (16 ft) | |
| Shanghai's financial district | |
| "calm" | |
| 10 minutes | |
| Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport | |
| May 12 | |
| evacuated | |
| Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport | |
| this disruption in air traffic services | |
| relief operations | |
| Chengdu | |
| Beijing | |
| Hui County, Gansu | |
| caught on fire | |
| cracks on walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas | |
| office towers | |
| None | |
| Hui County, Gansu | |
| the rail was distorted | |
| All | |
| 80% | |
| Shifang | |
| fewer than 60 | |
| All of the highways | |
| delayed arrival | |
| 80% | |
| collapse of two chemical plants | |
| fewer than 60 | |
| southwestern China | |
| Copper | |
| oil | |
| suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China | |
| southwestern China | |
| Copper | |
| Shenzhen Stock Exchange | |
| mobile and terrestrial | |
| internet capabilities | |
| number of months | |
| mobile and terrestrial telecommunications | |
| the Sichuan area | |
| the government piece | |
| mobile and terrestrial telecommunications | |
| major news and media websites | |
| 2,300 | |
| 700 | |
| 2,300 | |
| severe telecommunication traffic congestion | |
| Half | |
| China Unicom | |
| 700 | |
| Wolong National Nature Reserve | |
| 280 | |
| 31 | |
| two | |
| Wolong National Nature Reserve | |
| Six | |
| Five | |
| Mao Mao | |
| Zipingpu Hydropower Plant | |
| 20 km east | |
| 2,000 | |
| 391 dams, most of them small, | |
| Zipingpu Hydropower Plant | |
| 20 km east | |
| less than initially feared | |
| Tulong reservoir | |
| 391 | |
| 69,180 | |
| 68,636 | |
| 18,498 | |
| 374,176 | |
| 158 | |
| 69,180 known deaths | |
| 68,636 | |
| 18,498 | |
| 374,176 | |
| repairs | |
| 2,300 | |
| Wenchuan County | |
| 9,000 | |
| 3,000 to 5,000 | |
| 10,000 | |
| 2,300 | |
| 3,000 to 5,000 | |
| 3,000 to 5,000 | |
| 10,000 to 5,000 | |
| Eight | |
| Health care | |
| Gao Qiang | |
| public health care system insufficient | |
| largely neglected and untouched by China's economic rise | |
| inland areas such as Sichuan | |
| public health care system insufficient | |
| medical treatment | |
| thousands | |
| seven | |
| at least 1,700 | |
| 7,000 | |
| 700 | |
| shoddy construction | |
| seven schools | |
| at least 1,700 | |
| 7,000 | |
| 600 students and staff | |
| December 2008 | |
| May 7, 2009 | |
| 5,35 | |
| 5,335 | |
| May 7, 2009 | |
| Weiwei | |
| 5,335 | |
| 546 | |
| fertility clinics | |
| at least 5 million | |
| at least 5 million | |
| 12.5 million animals | |
| a million | |
| at least 5 million | |
| 5 million | |
| Millions | |
| a million | |
| Reginald DesRoches | |
| professor of civil and environmental engineering | |
| after the devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake | |
| Tangshan earthquake | |
| an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey | |
| make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings | |
| damaged the earthquake | |
| reconnaissance team of engineers | |
| a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings | |
| many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake | |
| poorer, rural villages | |
| Swaminathan Krishnan | |
| rural | |
| earthquake occurred in the rural part of China | |
| strong building codes | |
| any regulations overseeing them | |
| US$75 billion | |
| minor damage | |
| US$75 billion | |
| the earthquake | |
| the five largest cities | |
| 420,000 homes | |
| 6.0 Mw (6.4 Ms according to CEA) hit northeast of the original earthquake | |
| 63 | |
| 420,000 | |
| 63 | |
| Qingchuan, Sichuan | |
| Wei Hong | |
| 200,000 | |
| 1.94 million | |
| 1,300 | |
| Executive vice governor Wei Hong | |
| 90,000 | |
| 200,000 | |
| 1.94 million | |
| 1.94 million | |
| Premier Wen Jiabao | |
| geomechanics | |
| rescue work | |
| 50,000 | |
| 90 minutes | |
| ten emergency medical teams | |
| 50,000 | |
| closety of the quake's epicenter | |
| II emergency plan | |
| the most serious class of natural disasters | |
| 22:15 CST, May 12 | |
| Level I at 22:15 CST, May 12 | |
| natural disasters | |
| Level I | |
| The National Disaster Relief Commission | |
| 184 | |
| 12 | |
| 184 | |
| 184 | |
| earthquake emergency relief | |
| 184 | |
| 150 | |
| Armed Police General Hospital | |
| Nanyuan Airport | |
| Book Blade | |
| Book Blade | |
| China Digital Times | |
| Book Blade | |
| Children's Day | |
| relief centres | |
| performed ceremonies marking the special day | |
| rubble of schools | |
| June 1, 2008 | |
| relief centres | |
| $48.6 million | |
| 10 million yuan | |
| $48.6 million | |
| 10 million yuan | |
| $457 million | |
| 19 | |
| four | |
| Saudi Arabia | |
| €40,000,000 | |
| $457 million | |
| Saudi Arabia | |
| four | |
| a counterpart support plan | |
| 3 years | |
| a counterpart support plan | |
| one province to one affected county | |
| 3 years | |
| no less than one percent | |
| disgarded warnings about so many large-scale dam projects in a seismically active area | |
| Zipingpu Dam | |
| "25 times more" than a year's worth of natural stress from tectonic movement. | |
| The government | |
| seismically active area | |
| access to seismological and geological data | |
| researchers to retrofit data in order to model future earthquake predictions | |
| the 2008 Sichuan earthquake | |
| time prediction method | |
| statistics on geomagnetism with tidal gravitational potential | |
| earthquake prediction was a global issue | |
| proven methods exist | |
| global issue | |
| prediction notification | |
| 'predicted' the earthquake's occurrence | |
| 2002 | |
| Chen Xuezhong | |
| Chen Xuezhong | |
| 2002 | |
| seismically active | |
| over 30 years | |
| 30 years | |
| no consensus | |
| whether or not studying statistics related to the quake | |
| Earthquake prediction | |
| Taipei Fire Department | |
| over 300 | |
| the traffic problem | |
| donating cash instead of other items | |
| traffic problem | |
| Tibetan village of Sier | |
| Persistent heavy rain and landslides | |
| 20 | |
| over 15,600 | |
| around 3,000 | |
| 15 | |
| heavy rain and landslides | |
| 20 | |
| 15,600 | |
| around 3,000 | |
| 9,000 | |
| May 15, Premier Wen Jiabao ordered the deployment of an additional 90 helicopters | |
| 60 | |
| 30 | |
| 150 | |
| 150 | |
| 60 | |
| Premier Wen Jiabao | |
| relief operations | |
| Tzu Chi Foundation | |
| Taiwan | |
| May 13 | |
| Tzu Chi | |
| international help to cope with the quake. | |
| cope with the quake | |
| China Airlines | |
| 19:00 CST, May 15 | |
| May 16 | |
| direct chartered cargo flight was made by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan | |
| Taipei | |
| Taipei | |
| A rescue team | |
| Chengdu | |
| its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas | |
| Chinese authorities | |
| 135,000 | |
| May 16 | |
| its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas | |
| tents and generators | |
| 135,000 | |
| The Internet | |
| an online rescue request center | |
| to find the blind spots of disaster recovery | |
| Wenchuan | |
| The Internet | |
| Xinhua | |
| a student proposed a landing spot online | |
| contact information for victims and evacuees | |
| May 31, | |
| a moment of silence | |
| sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat | |
| three days | |
| a moment of silence | |
| statequake relic museum | |
| concerts | |
| the terrible disaster | |
| blood | |
| China Unicom and China Mobile | |
| all over mainland China | |
| Xinhua | |
| booths set up in schools, at banks | |
| text messaging | |
| $842 million | |
| 557 tents | |
| 2,500 | |
| 788,000 yuan | |
| Wenchuan County | |
| 30,000 | |
| Red Cross Society of China | |
| US$143,000 | |
| 30,000 | |
| Wenchuan County | |
| Amity Foundation | |
| 7,000 inadequately engineered schoolrooms | |
| tofu-dregs schoolhouses | |
| the one-child policy | |
| 7,000 inadequately engineered school | |
| tofu-dregs schoolhouses | |
| legal replacements | |
| The Giving of Love | |
| regulars from the CCTV New Year's Gala | |
| 1.5 billion | |
| $1.57 million | |
| "Promise"; | |
| The Giving of Love | |
| 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan | |
| CCTV | |
| $1.57 million | |
| "Promise" | |
| This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards | |
| foreign aid | |
| This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards | |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| Tangshan earthquake | |
| "quake lakes" | |
| 34 | |
| 28 | |
| 7.9 | |
| large landslides | |
| quake lakes | |
| 34 | |
| Entire villages | |
| Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan | |
| foot or air | |
| Mi-26T heavy lift helicopter | |
| 200,000 | |
| the dam bursting | |
| Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan | |
| Beichuan County, Sichuan | |
| 1,200 | |
| The State Council | |
| national mourning | |
| Mao Zedong | |
| May 19, 2008 | |
| Cars and trucks | |
| three-day | |
| The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay | |
| Ningbo | |
| The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch | |
| Ningbo | |
| The route of the torch through the country | |
| Ruijin, Jiangxi | |
| black and white | |
| advertisements | |
| servers for World of Warcraft | |
| "Long Live China" | |
| Casinos | |
| Ye Zhiping | |
| proactive action | |
| 2,323 | |
| 400,000 yuan (US$60,000) | |
| Sangzao Middle School | |
| Sangzao | |
| An County | |
| three-year | |
| safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake | |
| safety checks | |
| Reuters | |
| professional crime | |
| schools across China | |
| Reuters | |
| money | |
| riot police officers | |
| governments in Beijing and Sichuan | |
| sign a document | |
| a package valued at 8,800 USD in cash and a per-parent pension of nearly 5,600 USD | |
| threatened | |
| school collapses | |
| Liu Shaokun | |
| being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion | |
| Sichuan school | |
| suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion | |
| travel to the Shifang | |
| tofu-dregs buildings | |
| re-education through labor | |
| January 2010 | |
| 2007 | |
| massive casualties in schools | |
| China formally requested the support of the international community | |
| offering condolences and assistance | |
| May 14 | |
| UNICEF | |
| the magnitude of the quake | |
| $214,000 and $71,000 | |
| $71,000 | |
| 10.7 billion yuan | |
| Red Cross Society of China | |
| Houston Rockets | |
| $26 million | |
| "swift and very efficient" | |
| uncharacteristic openness | |
| secretive | |
| 10 days | |
| International Federation of the Red Cross | |
| live earthquake footage from CCTV-1 | |
| live earthquake footage from CCTV-1 | |
| Channel V had their programmes suspended | |
| Myanmar's ruling military junta's | |
| school construction | |
| its response to the quake | |
| cutting corners in school construction | |
| any reports | |
| poorly built schools | |
| The state-controlled media | |
| propaganda bureau | |
| AP | |
| builders cut corners | |
| thin iron wires | |
| supervising agencies | |
| corrupt government officials | |
| families who lost their only child | |
| arrest | |
| Times | |
| child | |
| New York | |
| New York | |
| New York | |
| New York | |
| New York | |
| New York | |
| five boroughs | |
| 1898 | |
| 8,491,079 | |
| 305 square miles | |
| 23.6 million residents | |
| five | |
| Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island | |
| 1898 | |
| 8,491,079 | |
| 800 | |
| New Amsterdam | |
| Dutch Republic | |
| 1790 | |
| 1664 | |
| 1785 | |
| New York City traces to its 1624 founding as a trading post | |
| 1626 | |
| 1664 | |
| 1790 | |
| 56 million | |
| 469 | |
| Lower Manhattan | |
| 120 | |
| New York Stock Exchange | |
| Staten Island | |
| Wisconsinan glaciation | |
| glaciation | |
| Lenapehoking | |
| 1524 | |
| Giovanni da Verrazzano | |
| La Dauphine | |
| France | |
| Nouvelle Angoulême | |
| 1524 | |
| "Nouvelle Angoulême" | |
| France | |
| 1525 | |
| captain Estêvão Gomes | |
| Portuguese | |
| Charles V | |
| "La Anunciada" | |
| Rio de San Antonio | |
| Padrón Real | |
| Henry Hudson | |
| Dutch East India Company | |
| 1614 | |
| ten | |
| Mauritis River | |
| Dutch East India Company | |
| 1614 | |
| Henry Hudson | |
| Santo Domingo | |
| Jan Rodrigues | |
| trader | |
| Juan Rodriguez Way | |
| 1613–1614 | |
| Juan Rodriguez | |
| 159th Street | |
| Governors Island | |
| Manhattan | |
| 1625 | |
| Director-General Peter Minuit | |
| 1626 | |
| 1624 | |
| 1625 | |
| $24 worth of glass beads. | |
| New York | |
| King James II | |
| Peter Stuyvesant | |
| Director-General of the colony of New Netherland | |
| 1664 | |
| Peter Stuyvesant | |
| King William III | |
| August 24, 1673 | |
| New Orange | |
| 1674 | |
| Anthonio Colve | |
| England | |
| Prince of Orange | |
| Second Anglo-Dutch War | |
| 200 | |
| Run, an Indonesian island | |
| 200 | |
| Second Anglo-Dutch War | |
| 42% | |
| Charleston | |
| Foley Square | |
| a new federal courthouse | |
| Charleston | |
| 1990s | |
| 1735 | |
| Zenger | |
| 1754 | |
| King George II | |
| King's College in Lower Manhattan | |
| John Peter Zenger | |
| 1754 | |
| New York | |
| The Battle of Long Island | |
| Brooklyn | |
| August 1776 | |
| 10,000 | |
| 1776 | |
| Battle of Long Island | |
| Brooklyn | |
| 1783 | |
| September 11, 1776 | |
| Lord Howe | |
| the Great Fire of New York | |
| New York | |
| Trinity Church | |
| Lord Howe | |
| the Great Fire of New York | |
| 1785 | |
| George Washington | |
| Federal Hall | |
| Wall Street | |
| Philadelphia | |
| Congress of the Confederation | |
| capital | |
| 1789 | |
| 1790 | |
| 1799 | |
| Manhattan | |
| Alexander Hamilton | |
| 1799 | |
| 16,000 | |
| 1799 | |
| 1827 | |
| Commissioners' Plan | |
| 1825 | |
| Tammany Hall | |
| Irish | |
| 1825 | |
| Central Park | |
| 1857 | |
| landscaped park | |
| Great Irish Famine | |
| 200,000 | |
| a quarter | |
| 25% | |
| revolutions had disrupted societies | |
| Great Irish Famine | |
| 200,000 | |
| Mayor Fernando Wood | |
| $300 (equivalent to $5,768 in 2016) commutation fee to hire a substitute | |
| Irish | |
| 120 | |
| 10,000 | |
| Colored Orphan Asylum | |
| 1898 | |
| 1904 | |
| Richmond | |
| 1904 | |
| 1904 | |
| 1,021 | |
| Triangle shirtswaist Factory | |
| 1,021 | |
| International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union | |
| the Triangle shirtswaist Factory fire | |
| 36,620 | |
| The Harlem Renaissance | |
| 36,620 | |
| London | |
| megacity | |
| Fiorello La Guardia | |
| eighty | |
| megacity | |
| 1952 | |
| Paris | |
| abstract expressionism | |
| United Nations Headquarters | |
| Stonewall Inn | |
| Greenwich Village | |
| June 28, 1969 | |
| Lower Manhattan | |
| a police raid | |
| the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan | |
| 2000 | |
| 2010 | |
| Silicon Alley | |
| 1990s | |
| 1970s | |
| 1970s | |
| American Airlines Flight 11 | |
| United Airlines Flight 175 | |
| 343 | |
| July 19, 1909 | |
| 54 | |
| 1909 | |
| 10 | |
| United Airlines Flight 175 | |
| September 17, 2011 | |
| Zuccotti Park | |
| Zuccotti Park | |
| Financial District | |
| September 17, 2011 | |
| William F. Buckley, Jr. | |
| 1955 | |
| Donald Trump | |
| Republican | |
| Northeastern | |
| southeastern | |
| Boston | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| Hudson River | |
| Hudson River | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island | |
| New Jersey | |
| Harlem River | |
| The Bronx River | |
| New York Bay | |
| Troy | |
| New Jersey | |
| The Bronx River | |
| The Bronx River | |
| Battery Park City | |
| 468.9 square miles | |
| 164.1 sq mi | |
| 304.8 sq mi | |
| Todt Hill | |
| Staten Island | |
| 468.9 square miles | |
| 468.9 square miles | |
| 304.8 | |
| Todt Hill | |
| 409.8 | |
| Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House | |
| Brooklyn | |
| One World Trade Center | |
| Lower Manhattan | |
| 1656 | |
| One World Trade Center | |
| 5,937 | |
| New York City | |
| 50 completed skyscrapers | |
| 1913 | |
| 50 completed skyscrapers | |
| Hong Kong | |
| 550 completed structures | |
| 1931 | |
| Art Deco | |
| 61st | |
| Seagram Building | |
| AIA New York State | |
| eagles | |
| 1931 | |
| 1930 | |
| Bronx | |
| Brooklyn | |
| Queens | |
| 1930 | |
| Victorian | |
| brownstone rowhouses | |
| Great Fire | |
| six | |
| Jackson Heights | |
| Stone and brick | |
| wooden roof-mounted water towers | |
| July 2014 | |
| four | |
| five boroughs | |
| Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx | |
| humid subtropical climate (Cfa) | |
| 234 | |
| 2,535 | |
| humid continental climate (Dfa) | |
| uary | |
| humid subtropical climate | |
| 234 | |
| USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone | |
| the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colderians | |
| 32.6 °F | |
| 72% | |
| 17 days | |
| July 9, 1936 | |
| 106 °F | |
| July 9, 1936 | |
| 1934 | |
| 1,270 mm | |
| 66 cm | |
| October 29, 2012 | |
| 49.9 inches | |
| Hurricane Sandy | |
| 25.8 inches | |
| Parks and Recreation | |
| New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation | |
| National Park Service | |
| New York City | |
| New York City | |
| Minneapolis | |
| 26,000 acres | |
| 9,000 acres | |
| Fort Tilden | |
| Jacob Riis Park | |
| salt marsh | |
| 26,000 acres | |
| the National Park Service | |
| 's Tomb | |
| Greenwich Village | |
| gay rights | |
| National Park Service | |
| New Jersey | |
| New Jersey | |
| Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village | |
| 's Tomb | |
| seven | |
| 28-acre | |
| (21 m) | |
| seven | |
| 69 feet (21 m) | |
| 28,000 acres | |
| 14 miles | |
| Pelham Bay Park | |
| 2,700 acres | |
| 28,000 acres | |
| 14 | |
| Pelham Bay Park | |
| 2,700 acres | |
| Fort Hamilton | |
| 1825 | |
| Brooklyn | |
| North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers | |
| 1179th Transportation Brigade | |
| Fort Hamilton | |
| 1825 | |
| Brooklyn | |
| Queens | |
| 8,491,079 | |
| Los Angeles | |
| 316,000 | |
| 40% | |
| 40% | |
| 8,491,079 | |
| Los Angeles | |
| 40% | |
| 100,000 | |
| 27,858 | |
| New York County | |
| 28.6% | |
| 28.6% | |
| Asians | |
| 28.6% | |
| 3 percent | |
| 44% | |
| Civil War | |
| Asians | |
| 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white) | |
| 12 million | |
| Lower East Side | |
| Germans | |
| 92% | |
| Irish, Jews, and Italians | |
| 12 million | |
| 92% | |
| 37% | |
| Dominican Republic | |
| 74,000 | |
| Guyana | |
| 37% | |
| New York City | |
| Manhattan | |
| 6.3% | |
| New York City | |
| 0.3% | |
| 2.7 million | |
| 550,000 | |
| 201,000 Polish Americans | |
| 65,000 | |
| Bronx | |
| 2.7 million | |
| 20 million | |
| 1.5 million | |
| 20% | |
| 4.8 million | |
| at least 6 | |
| 1.3 million | |
| Dominican Republic | |
| Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria | |
| El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala | |
| Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, and Brazil | |
| 568,903 | |
| June 24, 2011 | |
| 30 | |
| 568,903 individuals | |
| June 24, 2011 | |
| 30 | |
| 59% | |
| 3 | |
| 1.1 million | |
| New York City, over half living in Brooklyn | |
| Islam | |
| Christianity | |
| Judaism | |
| Brooklyn | |
| 24% | |
| Islam | |
| 0.5 for the city overall and 0.6 for Manhattan | |
| Manhattan | |
| Michael R. Bloomberg | |
| 4.6% | |
| $2,749 | |
| $2,749 | |
| New York City | |
| Silicon Alley | |
| The Atlantic | |
| 2014 | |
| 2012 | |
| One out of ten private sector jobs | |
| FDi Magazine | |
| US$914.8 billion | |
| US$1.1 billion | |
| $1,589 | |
| $1,969 | |
| six | |
| Time Warner Center | |
| an American office building of $1,476 per square foot ($17,104/m2) | |
| "Madison Avenue" | |
| 180,000 | |
| $11 billion | |
| Omnicom Group | |
| 180,000 employees | |
| Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group | |
| 19,000 | |
| US$5 billion | |
| Brooklyn | |
| US$234 million | |
| Brooklyn | |
| Manhattan | |
| Chocolate | |
| chocolate | |
| Godiva | |
| 163,400 | |
| 5 percent | |
| (US$3.8 billion | |
| US$360,700 | |
| 22 percent | |
| securities | |
| Wall Street | |
| 165 Broadway | |
| $40 billion | |
| 19% | |
| NYSE Euronext | |
| Lower Manhattan | |
| Wall Street | |
| 46.5 million | |
| 400 million square feet | |
| 500 million square feet | |
| Manhattan | |
| 140 West Street | |
| US$3 billion | |
| 300,000 employees | |
| 300,000 employees | |
| Technion-Israel Institute of Technology | |
| US$2 billion | |
| Roosevelt Island | |
| US$30 million | |
| 6 | |
| Cornell Tech | |
| 51 million | |
| 54 million | |
| 56.4 million | |
| US$61.3 billion | |
| 56.4 million | |
| 54 million | |
| I Love New York | |
| 1977 | |
| New York State Development | |
| I Love New York | |
| 1977 | |
| I Love New York | |
| Greenwich Village | |
| Macy | |
| Rockefeller Center | |
| Summerstage | |
| Queens | |
| 90,000 | |
| 10% | |
| Anbang Insurance Group | |
| US$1.95 billion | |
| Wal Astoria New York | |
| 90,000 | |
| Anbang Insurance Group | |
| US$1.95 billion | |
| 200 | |
| 130,000 | |
| $7.1 billion | |
| New York City | |
| Sony Music Entertainment | |
| New York City | |
| Seven | |
| 25,000 | |
| The New York Times | |
| The Wall Street Journal | |
| 1919 | |
| Alexander Hamilton | |
| More than 200 | |
| 350 | |
| Two | |
| The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times | |
| 1919 | |
| CBS | |
| NYCTV | |
| Comedy Central | |
| Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central | |
| Manhattan Neighborhood Network | |
| 1971 | |
| WNET | |
| WNYC | |
| 1997 | |
| Manhattan Neighborhood Network | |
| 1971 | |
| WNYC | |
| New York City Department of Education | |
| 1.1 million | |
| 1,700 | |
| nine | |
| 1.1 million | |
| nine | |
| New York City Charter School Center | |
| 900 | |
| half million | |
| three out of five | |
| four | |
| 24 | |
| 600,000 | |
| The New York Public Library | |
| The New York Public Library | |
| Queens Borough Public Library | |
| the Brooklyn Public Library | |
| Manhattan | |
| HHC | |
| 11 acute care hospitals | |
| $6.7 billion | |
| 1.4 million | |
| 475,000 | |
| 1969 | |
| five | |
| Bellevue Hospital | |
| Ramanathan Raju, MD | |
| Bellevue Hospital | |
| Bellevue | |
| Ramanathan Raju, MD | |
| Illinois | |
| Ramanathan Raju, MD, a surgeon and former CEO | |
| 35,000 | |
| New York's Finest | |
| New York City Police Department | |
| 35,000 | |
| New York's Finest | |
| 328 | |
| 75% | |
| Provo, Utah | |
| 2007 | |
| 328 | |
| 95.9% | |
| Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards | |
| the Five Families | |
| Five Points | |
| Black Spades | |
| Tokyo Fire Department | |
| Tokyo Fire Department | |
| New York's Bravest | |
| New York City Fire Department | |
| New York City Fire Department | |
| 11,080 uniformed firefighters | |
| 3,300 | |
| New York's Bravest | |
| subway | |
| brush fires | |
| 9 MetroTech Center | |
| Staten Island | |
| Downtown Brooklyn | |
| 9 MetroTech Center | |
| Brooklyn | |
| Randalls Island | |
| 11 Metrotech Center | |
| 1940s | |
| 1970s | |
| the Harlem Renaissance | |
| jazz | |
| abstract expressionism | |
| hip hop | |
| New York | |
| New York Fashion Week | |
| New York School | |
| New York Fashion Week | |
| Global Language Monitor | |
| 1880s | |
| 500 | |
| 42nd Street | |
| Harrigan | |
| 2,000 | |
| electric lighting | |
| 12.21 million | |
| The Great White Way | |
| US$1.27 billion | |
| 5.5% | |
| 12.21 million | |
| 12.21 million | |
| 24,000 | |
| 4,000 | |
| nearly one thousand | |
| New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene | |
| nearly one thousand | |
| 1882 | |
| MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field | |
| Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field | |
| 1882 | |
| National Football League | |
| five | |
| forty | |
| Baseball | |
| 35 | |
| baseball | |
| two | |
| 14 | |
| 73 | |
| two | |
| 14 | |
| Subway Series | |
| MetLife Stadium | |
| Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014 | |
| New York Giants | |
| MetLife Stadium | |
| East Rutherford | |
| Super Bowl XLVIII | |
| 2014 | |
| York Islanders | |
| Newark | |
| Newark | |
| Hockey | |
| New York Islanders | |
| Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks | |
| New York Liberty | |
| 1938 | |
| New York Liberty | |
| National Invitation Tournament | |
| 1938 | |
| Knicks | |
| Flushing Meadows-Corona Park | |
| Millrose Games | |
| Belmont Stakes | |
| 1930 and 1939 | |
| Madison Square Garden | |
| Flushing Meadows-Corona Park | |
| United States Open Tennis Championships | |
| 37,866 | |
| The Millrose Games | |
| Madison Square Garden | |
| Stickball | |
| Stickball Boulevard | |
| Bronx | |
| New York City Subway system | |
| 469 | |
| Grand Central Terminal | |
| 1.75 billion | |
| Grand Central Station | |
| 38.4 | |
| 54.6% | |
| 22% | |
| 54.6% | |
| about 90% | |
| 38.4 minutes | |
| 52% | |
| 22% | |
| Port Authority Bus Terminal | |
| 7,000 | |
| 200,000 | |
| Port Authority Bus Terminal | |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport | |
| New York's airspace is the busiest | |
| JFK | |
| Newburgh, New York | |
| 109 million | |
| Staten Island Ferry | |
| 24 | |
| 8.4 | |
| Lower Manhattan | |
| 20 million | |
| George Washington Bridge | |
| The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge | |
| suspension bridge | |
| 1903 | |
| George Washington Bridge | |
| Bergen County | |
| The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge | |
| neo-Gothic | |
| 1903 | |
| Lincoln Tunnel | |
| 1927 | |
| 1940 | |
| President Franklin D. Roosevelt | |
| 120,000 | |
| Hudson River | |
| Manhattan Island | |
| Jersey City | |
| President Franklin D. Roosevelt | |
| 200,000 | |
| 200,000 | |
| 21 | |
| Citibank | |
| Quinnipiac University | |
| Walk Score | |
| New York City | |
| Catskill Mountains | |
| US$3.2 billion | |
| 290 million gallons | |
| 20% | |
| north | |
| 51 | |
| four-year | |
| four years | |
| 51 | |
| four | |
| the City Record | |
| four-year | |
| Democratic Party | |
| 67% | |
| Barack Obama | |
| 1924 | |
| Calvin Coolidge | |
| Democratic Party | |
| 67% | |
| 1924 | |
| all five boroughs | |
| Democratic | |
| 43,523 licensed physicians | |
| Roosevelt Island | |
| 127 Nobel laureates | |
| 225,000 | |
| one million | |
| five million | |
| one-fifth | |
| one-fifth | |
| automobile exhaust | |
| gasoline | |
| Tom Wolfe | |
| Library of Australia | |
| New York's Baruch College | |
| Iceland | |
| Manhattan | |
| Upper West Side | |
| Union Square | |
| New York University | |
| Central Park SummerStage | |
| Fifth Avenue | |
| Manhattan | |
| 1959 | |
| 2012 | |
| Upper East Side | |
| Brooklynese | |
| All in the Family | |
| Carroll O'Connor | |
| "New Yawk." | |
| New York City FC | |
| Yankee Stadium | |
| Harrison, New Jersey | |
| Pelé | |
| Hofstra University | |
| two-thirds | |
| 20 | |
| 250 | |
| JFK International Airport | |
| Pennsylvania Station | |
| Manhattan | |
| three | |
| PATCO Speedline | |
| Staten Island Railway | |
| New York City Subway | |
| Second Avenue Subway | |
| 12,000 | |
| Manhattan Island | |
| finance, advertising | |
| finance, advertising | |
| finance, advertising | |
| Wall Street, Madison Avenue | |
| rush hour | |
| southwestern | |
| northern New Jersey, Westchester County, Long Island, and southwestern Connecticut | |
| Long Island | |
| west end | |
| Long Island | |
| Structural Expressionism | |
| Structural Expressionism | |
| 3,715 | |
| 28% | |
| 80% | |
| Hearst Tower | |
| Massachusetts v. | |
| 3.5-mile | |
| 110,000 | |
| Greenpoint oil spill | |
| mayor-council | |
| 1898 | |
| Second | |
| Manhattan | |
| state Unified Court System | |
| Brooklyn | |
| the District Court for the Eastern District of New York | |
| Foley Square | |
| the District Court for the Eastern District of New York | |
| Manhattan | |
| Manhattan | |
| 10021 | |
| 83 cents | |
| $11.4 billion | |
| $11 billion | |
| New York City Global Partners | |
| 2006 | |
| 1960 | |
| Pulitzer Prize | |
| Harper Lee | |
| Harper Lee | |
| 1960 | |
| author's observations of her family and neighbors | |
| United States | |
| Southern Gothic novel | |
| racial injustice and the destruction of innocence | |
| Deep South | |
| To Kill a Mockingbird | |
| Mary McDonough Murphy | |
| 2006 | |
| 1962 | |
| 1990 | |
| Robert Mulligan | |
| the Bible | |
| Horton Foote | |
| Robert Mulligan | |
| Monroeville, Alabama | |
| February 2016 | |
| To Kill a Mockingbird | |
| To Kill a Mockingbird | |
| July 14, 2015 | |
| February 2016 | |
| Truman Capote | |
| 1950 | |
| reservation clerk | |
| Alabama | |
| 1926 | |
| Truman Capote | |
| Huntingdon College in Montgomery | |
| Huntingdon College in Montgomery | |
| Lippincott | |
| Go Set a Watchman | |
| Therese von Hohoff Torrey | |
| Tay Hohoff | |
| mental illness | |
| lawyer | |
| To Kill a Mockingbird | |
| July 11, 1960 | |
| over two and a half years | |
| Reader's Digest Condensed Books | |
| Maycomb, Alabama | |
| three years | |
| three | |
| Jem | |
| Maycomb, Alabama | |
| Great Depression | |
| Jean Louise Finch | |
| Mayella Ewell | |
| Tom Robinson | |
| Scout, Jem, and Dill | |
| Mayella and her father, Bob Ewell | |
| the colored balcony | |
| the colored balcony | |
| shot and killed | |
| Atticus | |
| Halloween | |
| Atticus | |
| Bob Ewell | |
| Boo Radley | |
| Sheriff Tate | |
| fell on his own knife | |
| autobiography | |
| 1919 | |
| 25 | |
| editor and publisher | |
| Capote were atypical children | |
| 1960 | |
| Cold Blood | |
| Truman Persons | |
| Underwood | |
| atypical children | |
| 10 years old | |
| Walter Lett | |
| Emmett Till | |
| Civil Rights Movement | |
| to display Southern prejudices | |
| Emmett Till | |
| Satire and irony | |
| parody, satire, and irony | |
| in the church basement | |
| Calpurnia | |
| makes a tardy entrance onstage | |
| ham costume | |
| Southern Gothic | |
| "Gothic" | |
| Atticus | |
| Miss Maudie | |
| separations of race and class | |
| 1955 | |
| race relations | |
| poor white | |
| punishment | |
| death | |
| poor white farmers | |
| seventeen | |
| rabid dog | |
| racial injustice | |
| Calpurnia | |
| Aunt Alexandra | |
| Walter Cunham | |
| Jane Austen | |
| individual worth | |
| lower-class | |
| gender and class | |
| people's motives and behavior | |
| morphine | |
| Atticus | |
| courage | |
| Charles Shields | |
| Charles Shields | |
| human dignity | |
| Mayella | |
| Calpurnia and her neighbor Miss Maudie | |
| Calpurnia and her neighbor Miss Maudie | |
| Mrs. Dubose | |
| feminist | |
| Bob Ewell | |
| Atticus | |
| Dolphus Raymond | |
| wyers | |
| aunt Alexandra's "fanatical" | |
| Songbirds | |
| Finch | |
| mockingbird | |
| mockingbird | |
| mockingbirds | |
| that which is innocent and harmless—like Tom Robinson | |
| the Book of the Month Club | |
| Book of the Month Club | |
| 40 | |
| 40 | |
| more than 30 million | |
| 30 million | |
| 40 | |
| Scout, Atticus, and Boo | |
| Alice Lee | |
| Scout, Atticus, and Boo | |
| the legal profession | |
| integrity | |
| 1997 | |
| Alabama State Bar | |
| Atticus | |
| 1963 | |
| 21 of the 100 | |
| 1963 | |
| To Kill a Mockingbird | |
| 1966 | |
| rape | |
| musement to fury | |
| Little Black Sambo | |
| civil rights movement | |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | |
| Archulus Persons | |
| Capote | |
| Alice | |
| Capote | |
| Lee's older sister, Alice | |
| 1961 | |
| 41st week | |
| 1962 | |
| 1964 | |
| Pulitzer Prize | |
| 1964 | |
| 2001 | |
| 25 | |
| Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley | |
| Chicago | |
| 25 | |
| University of Notre Dame | |
| President George W. Bush | |
| November 5, 2007 | |
| University of Notre Dame | |
| President George W. Bush | |
| 1962 | |
| Gregory Peck | |
| Best Actor for Gregory Peck | |
| Peck's grandson | |
| Harper—she feels deeply, but she's not a sentimental person about things | |
| Peck's grandson | |
| May 2005 | |
| Veronique | |
| Author Albert Murray | |
| 1990 | |
| Monroeville | |
| townspeople | |
| raciated | |
| Westshire Playhouse in Leeds | |
| Regent's Park Open Air Theatre in London | |
| Duncan Preston | |
| July 14, 2015 | |
| 1957 | |
| 20 years | |
| Tonja Carter | |
| Go Set a Watchman | |
| 1957 | |
| 20 years | |
| rape and racial inequality | |
| Atticus Finch | |
| narration | |
| flashback | |
| all Southerners | |
| safety and comfort in the neighborhood | |
| Southern romantic regionalism | |
| fine guys with good sense who do the best they can with what they have | |
| The South itself, with its traditions and taboos | |
| Tom Robinson | |
| someone with an inner goodness that must be cherished | |
| Scout, when you finally see them." | |
| every character has to face, or even suffer innocence | |
| Kill a Mockingbird | |
| Granville Hicks | |
| Flannery O'Connor | |
| William Faulkner | |
| Jane Austen | |
| Alabamian Allen Barra | |
| Ajayi | |
| Calpurnia | |
| black students | |
| poor rural "white trash" | |
| the harsh reality of inequality | |
| an act of protest | |
| "Mockingbird groupies" | |
| Moneybird groupies | |
| the Sun | |
| Solar energy | |
| solar heating, photo thermal energy | |
| radiant light and heat from the Sun | |
| 174,000 terawatts | |
| 30% | |
| 3.5 to 7.0 | |
| 174,000 terawatts | |
| 30% | |
| 150 to 300 watts per square meter | |
| clouds, oceans and land masses | |
| 71% | |
| 14 | |
| photosynthesis | |
| 71% | |
| Warm air containing evaporated water | |
| rain onto the Earth's surface | |
| water condensation | |
| photosynthesis green plants | |
| 3,850,000 | |
| one year | |
| 3,000 EJ per year | |
| one year | |
| 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year | |
| 3,000 EJ per year | |
| coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium | |
| the Sun | |
| passive or active | |
| capture | |
| geothermal and tidal | |
| direct or indirect way | |
| supply side technologies | |
| passive | |
| solar thermal collectors | |
| solar thermal collectors | |
| convert sunlight into useful outputs | |
| selecting materials with favorable thermal properties | |
| Frank Shuman | |
| 1908 | |
| 1912 | |
| a U.S. inventor | |
| 1897 | |
| steam engine | |
| 1908 | |
| 1912 | |
| Maadi, Egypt | |
| 22,000 | |
| 1970s | |
| Maadi, Egypt | |
| parabolic troughs | |
| Nile River | |
| outbreak of World War I | |
| the 1970s | |
| 60 °C | |
| sunlight | |
| 60 to 70% | |
| evacuated tube collectors | |
| unglazed plastic collectors | |
| 154 thermal gigawatt | |
| Israel and Cyprus | |
| 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth) | |
| Israel and Cyprus | |
| 90% | |
| United States, Canada and Australia | |
| 30% | |
| 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) | |
| 50% | |
| Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies | |
| Thermal | |
| heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy | |
| stone, cement and water | |
| absorbing solar energy during the day | |
| climate | |
| auxiliary heating and cooling equipment. | |
| passive solar ventilation system | |
| a passive solar ventilation system | |
| a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building | |
| using glazing and thermal mass materials | |
| winter | |
| Deciduous trees | |
| 1/3 to 1/2 | |
| interfere with winter solar availability | |
| east and west | |
| 1767 | |
| 315 °C | |
| cooking, drying and pasteurization | |
| box cookers, panel cookers | |
| Horace de Saussure | |
| 90–150 °C | |
| direct light | |
| 114 | |
| more cost-effective | |
| parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors | |
| Solar Total Energy Project | |
| evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water | |
| Clothes lines, clotheshorses | |
| perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air | |
| 1872 | |
| Solar distillation | |
| 16th-century Arab alchemists | |
| 1872 | |
| 22,700 L | |
| single-slope (or greenhouse type) | |
| World Health Organization | |
| several hours | |
| a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage | |
| Over two million | |
| toxic chemicals | |
| waste water without chemicals or electricity | |
| algae may produce toxic chemicals | |
| 2050 | |
| 2050 | |
| Mojave Desert | |
| 2013 | |
| GeneralS CSP installation, in the Mojave Desert of California | |
| Mojave Desert of California | |
| Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park | |
| Charles Fritts | |
| 1954 | |
| a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source | |
| converts light directly into electricity | |
| Charles Fritts | |
| Dr Bruno Lange | |
| Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin | |
| power generation or energy | |
| lenses or mirrors | |
| conventional power plant | |
| parabolic trough | |
| concentrating technologies | |
| Megaron House | |
| orientation relative to the Sun | |
| well-lit spaces | |
| Socrates' Megaron House | |
| pumps, fans and switchable windows | |
| Urban heat islands | |
| 3 | |
| Urban heat islands | |
| asphalt and concrete | |
| paint buildings and roads white and plant trees | |
| fruit walls | |
| grape presses | |
| optimize the productivity of plants | |
| timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing | |
| fruit walls | |
| thermal masses | |
| Roman times | |
| 16th | |
| convert solar light to heat | |
| convert solar light to heat | |
| to produce cucumbers year-round | |
| Europe | |
| The World Solar Challenge | |
| 90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph) | |
| biannual solar-powered car race | |
| 1987 | |
| 67 kilometres per hour (42 mph) | |
| 90.87 kilometres per hour | |
| North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge | |
| 1975 | |
| 1975 | |
| Kenichi Horie | |
| sun21 catamaran | |
| 40 feet (12 m) | |
| Solar impulse | |
| 29 April 1979 | |
| 29 April 1979 | |
| July 1981 | |
| North Carolina | |
| 36 hours | |
| hydrogen production from protons | |
| Solar chemical processes | |
| artificial photosynthesis | |
| Solzinc | |
| zinc, | |
| Hydrogen production technologies | |
| regeneration | |
| Solzinc | |
| heat at domestically useful temperatures | |
| Thermal mass systems | |
| water, earth and stone | |
| store solar energy | |
| thermal | |
| Dover, Massachusetts | |
| paraffin wax and Glauber's salt | |
| 64 °C or 147 °F | |
| The "Dover House" | |
| low-cost | |
| 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) | |
| transmission grid | |
| rechargeable batteries | |
| Net metering programs | |
| rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes | |
| Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions | |
| hydroelectric power generator | |
| water pumped | |
| water pumped | |
| 1973 | |
| oil embargo | |
| Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan | |
| SERI, now NREL | |
| Sunshine Program | |
| Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems | |
| the 1920s | |
| 20% per year | |
| 1890s | |
| falling petroleum prices | |
| 20% | |
| 154 GW | |
| International Energy Agency | |
| International Energy Agency | |
| glass in building | |
| solar waterers | |
| ISO 9050 | |
| ISO 10217 | |
| passive solar or active solar | |
| concentrated solar power and solar water heating | |
| orienting a building to the Sun | |
| 559.8 EJ | |
| 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ) | |
| large magnitude of solar energy | |
| United Nations Development Programme | |
| reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible | |
| mitigating global warming | |
| learning investments | |
| lower | |
| geography, time, cloud cover, and the land available to humans limits | |
| areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation | |
| photovoltaics | |
| during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth | |
| clouds block incoming light from the sun | |
| solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned | |
| suitable place for solar cells | |
| insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans | |
| 1,575–49,837 EJ per year | |
| conversion of sunlight into electricity | |
| Solar power | |
| lenses or mirrors | |
| focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam | |
| PV converts light into electric current | |
| Sunlight | |
| Greeks | |
| the south | |
| black balloon | |
| air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force | |
| toy market | |
| the surface-area to payload ratio | |
| coal would soon become scarce | |
| availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum | |
| 2060 | |
| de-carbonizing the global economy | |
| Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire | |
| Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism | |
| Sarazm | |
| 1991 | |
| 1992 to 1997 | |
| the Oxus civilization, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism | |
| Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire | |
| 1991 | |
| 1992 to 1997 | |
| 1939 | |
| 260,000 | |
| 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) | |
| Real disturbances | |
| clan loyalties | |
| 30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition | |
| Emomali Rahmon | |
| persecution, increased poverty and in other former Soviet republics | |
| Russian border troops | |
| Dushanbe Airport | |
| Ayni Air Base | |
| to conduct joint training missions | |
| 3 | |
| 2015 | |
| November 2010 | |
| Islamic militarism in the east of the country | |
| republic | |
| Kokhir | |
| Murodali | |
| November 1994 | |
| People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan | |
| obstructed from reporting on controversial events | |
| public criticism | |
| direct protest | |
| local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru | |
| Tajikistan | |
| Pamir range | |
| southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley | |
| Central Asia | |
| Tajikistan | |
| "embroiled in twentieth-century | |
| Land of the Tajiks | |
| "place of" or "country" | |
| "embroiled inentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia." | |
| 650–680 | |
| Umayyads | |
| The Samanid Empire | |
| Khorasan | |
| 650–680 | |
| Umayyads | |
| 650–680 | |
| The Samanid Empire | |
| Umayyads | |
| The Samanid Empire | |
| Khorasan | |
| Khorasan | |
| 650–680 | |
| 710 | |
| Kara-Khanid Khanate | |
| 819 to 999 | |
| the late 19th century's Imperial Era | |
| Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand | |
| gaining access to a supply of cotton | |
| took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan | |
| Russian Empire | |
| an Islamic social movement | |
| the Russians | |
| 1910 and 1913 | |
| forced conscription during World War I | |
| guerrillas throughout Central Asia | |
| basmachi | |
| Bolsheviks | |
| Islam, Judaism, and Christianity | |
| Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | |
| southern region | |
| collectivization of agriculture | |
| collectivization | |
| Moscow | |
| nearly 10,000 | |
| Ethnic Russians | |
| grew from less than 1% to 13% | |
| Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled | |
| PDPT lose four seats in Parliament | |
| corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment | |
| polling "failed to meet many key OSCE commitments | |
| minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik | |
| Central Asia | |
| 8 million | |
| Central Asia | |
| China | |
| Wakhan Corridor | |
| China | |
| 8 million | |
| Central Asia | |
| Pakistan lies to the south | |
| Uzbekistan | |
| about 500 BCE | |
| the Achaemenid Empire | |
| Alexander the Great | |
| Kushan Empire | |
| eighth century | |
| Arabs | |
| Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism | |
| 9.6% | |
| aluminium production | |
| Cotton | |
| Tajik Aluminum Company | |
| the government | |
| hydropower potential | |
| Nurek Dam | |
| transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan | |
| US$1.25 | |
| $2.1 billion US dollars | |
| from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid | |
| World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 | |
| opium poppy | |
| UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities | |
| heroin and raw opium | |
| strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction | |
| roads, air, and rail | |
| Iran and Pakistan | |
| Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan | |
| 2009 | |
| 26 | |
| Dushanbe International Airport | |
| mainly to Russia | |
| Khorog Airport | |
| 7,145 | |
| 70% | |
| 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% | |
| Tajik (a dialect of Persian) | |
| Tajikistanis | |
| Pamiri | |
| linguistically and culturally | |
| Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province | |
| Sunni Islam | |
| a secular state | |
| Al-Fitr and Idi | |
| 98% | |
| religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. | |
| religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere | |
| Hizb ut-Tahrir | |
| an overthrow of secular governments | |
| the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities | |
| a charter, a list of 10 or more members | |
| a physical structure | |
| large fines and closure of place of worship | |
| extremely underdeveloped and poor | |
| 104,272 | |
| 1% | |
| Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper | |
| 11 | |
| a 12-year system | |
| Khujand State University | |
| 17% | |
| humans and their societies in the past and present. | |
| cultural anthropology | |
| linguistic anthropology | |
| biological or physical anthropology | |
| the United States | |
| 1870 | |
| 1969 | |
| 1902 | |
| 1965 | |
| empirical foundation | |
| anthropological societies | |
| international | |
| theorists | |
| 48 | |
| 13 | |
| the late 19th and early 20th centuries | |
| gender equality and sexual liberation | |
| cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques | |
| 19th-century racial ideology | |
| cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques | |
| humanities, social, and natural sciences | |
| Anthropology | |
| Anthropology | |
| Classical Greece and Persia | |
| cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies | |
| structuralist and postmodern theories | |
| the 1970s and 1990s | |
| nature and production of knowledge | |
| archaeology and biological anthropology | |
| cohesion | |
| Sociocultural anthropology | |
| social anthropology | |
| social structures | |
| hard-and-fast | |
| Cultural anthropology | |
| cultural symbols and values | |
| Ethnography | |
| Participant observation | |
| emic | |
| moderates reductionism | |
| kinship | |
| consumption and exchange | |
| kinship | |
| language | |
| law and conflict resolution | |
| Archaeology | |
| human behavior and cultural practices | |
| the evidence left behind by past human groups | |
| Ethnoarchaeology | |
| the cultural and material lives of past societies | |
| anthropological problems | |
| sociocultural processes | |
| Linguistic | |
| sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics | |
| art | |
| painting','sculpture', or 'literature' | |
| evident 'aesthetic' qualities | |
| 1983 | |
| specific 'aesthetics' | |
| Étienne Serres | |
| 1850 | |
| 1850 | |
| France | |
| The Société Ethnologique de Paris | |
| comparative methods developed in the earlier 19th century | |
| similarities | |
| processes or laws unknown to them | |
| the epiphany of everything they had begun to suspect. | |
| through comparison of species he had seen in agronomy and in the wild. | |
| Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s | |
| bring it into the social sciences | |
| Paris | |
| the Société de biologie | |
| Transformisme | |
| neurosurgeon | |
| Biological anthropology | |
| speech center | |
| psychology | |
| six | |
| the science of the nature of man | |
| anthropology | |
| comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology | |
| empirical, gathered by experimentation | |
| civilization | |
| British ethnologists | |
| 1863 | |
| anthropology | |
| the French Société | |
| Waitz | |
| the majority of the world's higher educational institutions | |
| subdivisions | |
| Practical anthropology | |
| recreate the final scene | |
| three dozen | |
| Media anthropology | |
| ethnographies of newsrooms in newspapers, journalists in the field, film production | |
| 1990s | |
| media reception | |
| cyber anthropology | |
| Visual anthropology | |
| visual anthropology | |
| sandpaintings, tattoos, sculptures and reliefs | |
| ethnographic film | |
| Economic | |
| historic, geographic and cultural | |
| the discipline of economics | |
| Bronislaw Malinowski | |
| exchange | |
| the traditional concerns of anthropology | |
| history and colonialism | |
| Sahlins | |
| the peasantry | |
| industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism | |
| Applied Anthropology | |
| change or stability | |
| direct action | |
| anthropology | |
| participating | |
| a critical perspective | |
| pondering why, if a key development goal is to alleviate poverty | |
| increasing | |
| a gap | |
| externally driven | |
| Kinship | |
| anthropology | |
| "d", "descent groups", "linenes", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship" | |
| one's social relations during development | |
| marriage | |
| feminist anthropology | |
| male bias | |
| mainstream feminist theory | |
| the construction of gender across societies. | |
| birth anthropology | |
| Nutritional | |
| culture | |
| globalization | |
| Nutritional status | |
| human development | |
| Psychological anthropology | |
| humans' development and enculturation | |
| history, language, practices | |
| emotion, perception, motivation | |
| constrain | |
| Cognitive | |
| Cognitive anthropology | |
| experimental psychology and evolutionary biology | |
| implicit knowledge | |
| Political anthropology | |
| structure of societies | |
| the 1960s | |
| "complex" | |
| Geertz | |
| Cyborg | |
| 1993 | |
| the Society for the Social Studies of Science | |
| Donna Haraway | |
| modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings | |
| Environmental anthropology | |
| political ecology | |
| culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more. | |
| corporate | |
| Hyde Park | |
| examining historical records | |
| various ethnic groups | |
| Ethnostory | |
| documents and manuscripts | |
| Practitioners | |
| Urban anthropology | |
| traditional anthropologists were notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition | |
| agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition | |
| two principle approaches | |
| social issues | |
| human–animal studies | |
| Anthrozoology | |
| anthropology, ethology, medicine, psychology, veterinary medicine and zoology | |
| positive effects of human-animal relationships | |
| anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy | |
| Evolutionary anthropology | |
| natural science and social science | |
| past and present | |
| scientific | |
| past and present | |
| Ethical | |
| mutilation | |
| racism, slavery, and human sacrifice | |
| man | |
| To illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach | |
| the allied war effort | |
| Nazi, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan | |
| armed forces | |
| intelligence | |
| communist sympathies | |
| the state | |
| secret briefings | |
| Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth | |
| AAA | |
| host governments | |
| the US military | |
| the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan | |
| the Human Terrain System (HTS) | |
| Iraq | |
| disciplinary ethics | |
| Biological | |
| human universals | |
| into the field | |
| a community | |
| genetic | |
| time periods and geographic regions | |
| relevant cultural traditions | |
| tool types | |
| geographers | |
| comparative method | |
| "other cultures" | |
| space (non-European/non-Western societies) | |
| European/non-Western societies | |
| Ulf Hannerz | |
| in late 1960s | |
| etnographic research in the North Atlantic region | |
| a single locale | |
| the daily life of ordinary people | |
| scientific laboratories, social movements | |
| scientific laboratories, social | |
| wounded in an attempted assassination | |
| távora family and the Duke of Aveiro | |
| Jesuits | |
| 1759 | |
| Count of Oeiras | |
| 1770 | |
| until Joseph I's death in 1779 | |
| autocracy | |
| no opposition | |
| crushing opposition, suppressing criticism, and furthering colonial economic exploitation | |
| Napoleon | |
| 1815 | |
| Brazil | |
| Brazil was declared a Kingdom and the Kingdom of Portugal | |
| the 20th century | |
| Portugal | |
| Liberal Revolution of 1820 | |
| Porto | |
| 1815 | |
| the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family | |
| the turn of the 20th century | |
| 1884 | |
| this period and beyond | |
| to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent | |
| Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, | |
| 1 February 1908 | |
| 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 | |
| Manuele, Duke of Braganza | |
| 5 October 1910 | |
| Political instability and economic weaknesses | |
| António de Oliveira Salazar | |
| 1933 | |
| five | |
| colonial empire | |
| United Nations, the Eurozone, OEC, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries | |
| unitary semi-presidential republican | |
| 18th highest | |
| France, Spain and Italy | |
| decriminalized the usage of all common drugs | |
| to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. | |
| Christian Kingdom of Asturias | |
| Battle of Covadonga | |
| 722 AD | |
| Reconquista Cristã | |
| dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring | |
| King Alfonso III | |
| 868 AD | |
| First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal) | |
| Portucale, Portugale | |
| dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms | |
| Kingdom of Leon | |
| Galician | |
| Spanish | |
| Castilian | |
| Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun | |
| Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo | |
| The Queen consort of Portugal | |
| Count von Daun | |
| King John V of Portugal | |
| earthquakes | |
| marching troops | |
| no epidemics | |
| buildings and big squares | |
| designing an inquiry that was sent to every parish in the country | |
| the Portuguese Republic | |
| Southwestern Europe | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| 1,214 km (754 mi) | |
| the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira | |
| the Portuguese Republic | |
| Southwestern Europe | |
| Spain | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| Portugal–Spain border | |
| The Celts | |
| Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic | |
| 1139 | |
| Age of Discovery | |
| 15th and 16th | |
| Lisbon | |
| Brazel | |
| 1910 | |
| Macau | |
| 250 million | |
| Portus Cale | |
| Pre-Celts and Celts | |
| Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes | |
| 45 BC until 298 AD | |
| Alankerk | |
| 27 BC | |
| Gallaecia | |
| Conímbriga and Mirobriga | |
| hill forts | |
| 16 km | |
| a few months | |
| 711 | |
| 750 | |
| Abd-Rahman I | |
| almost two centuries | |
| Emir of their provinces | |
| Christian kingdoms | |
| Taifa of Badajoz | |
| 1086 | |
| Battle of Sagrajas | |
| Muwallad or Muladi | |
| noblemen from Oman | |
| Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa | |
| Algarve | |
| 800 | |
| García | |
| Ordoño | |
| Fruela | |
| 910 | |
| 1230 | |
| 1348 and 1349 | |
| England | |
| Portugal made an alliance with England | |
| NATO | |
| Oporto | |
| Discovery | |
| King João I | |
| the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde | |
| Cape of Good Hope | |
| Brazil | |
| increased | |
| Prime Minister | |
| Sebastião de Melo | |
| Sebastião de Melo | |
| Sebastião de Melo | |
| economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. | |
| to ensure the wine's quality | |
| high nobility | |
| Sebastião de Melo | |
| imposing strict law upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class | |
| April 1974 | |
| independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia | |
| social turmoil and power disputes between left- and right-wing political forces. | |
| Junta de Salvação Nacional | |
| Portuguese Socialist Party | |
| Mário Soares | |
| 1976 to 1978 | |
| socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model. | |
| 1976 | |
| to accommodate socialist and communist principles | |
| Mediterranean climate | |
| 16–19 °C (60.8–53.6 °F) | |
| 16–19 °C (60.8–6 °F) | |
| 900 metres (3,000 ft) | |
| subtropical | |
| rough topography | |
| Mediterranean | |
| decius and coniferous | |
| Tertiary | |
| Pyrenean oak | |
| Boars | |
| one national park (Portuguese: Parque Nacional) | |
| subtropical rainforest | |
| fox, badger, iberian wolf | |
| birds | |
| more than 100 | |
| Tagus International Park | |
| habitat loss, pollution and drought | |
| the glowing plankton | |
| five | |
| Aníbal Cavaco Silva | |
| 230 | |
| four-year | |
| thirteen | |
| Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party | |
| national- and local | |
| Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party | |
| between 5 and 15% | |
| the President of the Republic | |
| five-year | |
| universal suffrage | |
| Head of State of Portugal | |
| The Council of Ministers | |
| define the broad outline of its policies in a programme | |
| an absolute majority of deputies | |
| those countries | |
| a civilian police force who work in urban areas | |
| specialized criminal investigation police | |
| Public Ministry | |
| 2001 | |
| more than "10 days worth of personal use" | |
| go to a rehab facility | |
| dropped 50 percent | |
| 308 | |
| 3,092 | |
| 18 | |
| three branches | |
| Navy, Army and Air Force | |
| to protect the territorial integrity of the country | |
| 7,500 | |
| $5.2 billion | |
| 21,000 | |
| Pandur II | |
| Leopard 2 A6 tanks | |
| paratroopers, commandos and rangers | |
| 10,700 | |
| World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War | |
| 1961 | |
| East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon | |
| the Portuguese Armed Forces in Angola and in Guinea-Bissau | |
| Pedro Passos Coelho | |
| improve the State's financial situation | |
| improve the State's financial situation | |
| 20% | |
| 1974 | |
| unclear Public–private partnerships | |
| Gradiva | |
| 2007–08 | |
| Portuguese banks (Banco and Banco Privado Português (BPP) | |
| bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud | |
| its size, market share, and the political implications | |
| fraud and other crimes | |
| euro | |
| Portuguese Escudo | |
| Banco de Portugal | |
| Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas | |
| Golf Destination | |
| 1974 | |
| the 1960s | |
| public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector. | |
| textiles, clothing, footwear and cork | |
| cork | |
| European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund | |
| 2011 | |
| €78 billion | |
| May 2014 | |
| 15.3 | |
| medium-sized family-owned dispersed units | |
| Grupo RAR's Vitacres, | |
| tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables | |
| tomatoes, citrus vegetables, | |
| Ramirez | |
| Ramirez | |
| fish | |
| copper | |
| tin, tungsten and uranium | |
| hydrocarbon | |
| north | |
| the 1974 revolution | |
| Volkswagen Group's Auto Europa and Peugeot Citroen | |
| Alverca, Covil, Évora, and Ponte de Sor | |
| Palmela | |
| Alverca, Covil, Évora, and Ponte de Sor | |
| Lisbon, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro | |
| increase significantly | |
| Eastern European destinations | |
| Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important | |
| health, nature and rural tourism | |
| The Economist | |
| 65% | |
| 10.2% | |
| "negative" | |
| 2011 | |
| Plan for Stability and Growth IV | |
| third | |
| Carnation's Revolution | |
| financial weakness | |
| European Union average (62.4 per thousand inhabitants) | |
| 62.4 | |
| slow and inefficient | |
| Italy | |
| 30 | |
| Passos Coelho | |
| 30,000 jobs will be cut | |
| austerity measures are necessary | |
| European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund | |
| 65 to 66 | |
| pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses | |
| English | |
| social unrest | |
| the third quarter of 2014 | |
| 17.7% | |
| 7.3% | |
| December 2009 | |
| Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra | |
| Fátima | |
| apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children | |
| Porto Santo, and Alentejo | |
| Lisbon | |
| consumption and purchase of new automobiles | |
| motorways | |
| 3,000 km (1,864 mi) | |
| 1944 | |
| 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) | |
| several | |
| Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja | |
| geographical position | |
| TAP | |
| Spain | |
| Comboios de Portugal | |
| 900 km (1,734 mi) | |
| 1,430 km (886 mi) | |
| 900 km (559 mi) | |
| Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo | |
| 35 km (22 mi) | |
| Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris) | |
| over a century | |
| a network of R&D units | |
| INETI – Instituto Nacional de Justiça | |
| Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES) | |
| Gulbenkian de Cições and the Champalimaud Foundation | |
| neuroscience and oncology research centre | |
| one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world | |
| 1779 | |
| Lisbon Oceanarium | |
| a scientific and technological culture | |
| Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon | |
| several science parks throughout the world | |
| Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque | |
| advantage of a variety of services | |
| wind and river power | |
| Moura, in the south | |
| the Norte region | |
| 66% | |
| Redes Energéticas Nações | |
| predict weather | |
| hydropower plants on its rivers | |
| wind-driven turbines | |
| setting a premium price | |
| 10,562,178 | |
| 52% | |
| 48% | |
| (Catholicism | |
| Mouriscos | |
| Paleolithic | |
| 45,000 years ago | |
| Paleolithic | |
| Portugal's colonial history | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| Angola and Mozambique in 1975 | |
| Portuguese | |
| 10,617,575 | |
| 81.0% | |
| Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist | |
| 6.8% | |
| 8.3% | |
| Christian | |
| 13th and 14th | |
| liberal and nascent republican movements | |
| 10–26 changed the role and importance of organized religion. | |
| (25 July 1139) | |
| victories for the coming battles | |
| to create an empire | |
| Portuguese | |
| Romance language | |
| Galician-Portuguese | |
| Galician-Portuguese | |
| Latin | |
| Pre-Roman peoples | |
| 1415 and 1999 | |
| five different continents | |
| Brazil | |
| 99 percent | |
| 100 percent | |
| 35% | |
| 50% | |
| 1290 | |
| Coimbra | |
| Coimbra | |
| Real Academia de Artilharia | |
| Escola-Cirúrgica of Goa | |
| 2006 | |
| public money | |
| 23 | |
| developing health policy as managing the SNS | |
| Five | |
| implementing the national health policy objectives | |
| noncommunicable diseases | |
| chaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease | |
| cerebrovascular disease | |
| 12% | |
| children as well as among women younger than 44 years | |
| self-reporting at the household level | |
| one third | |
| 1990s and 2000s | |
| 1956 | |
| Lisbon | |
| municipal libraries and concert halls | |
| fifteen | |
| Portuguese late Gothic | |
| composite Portuguese style | |
| 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture | |
| Eduardo Souto de Moura | |
| stadium design | |
| 19th century | |
| António Lopes | |
| Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medante, Soraia Chaves, | |
| 19th century | |
| António Lopes | |
| Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medante, Soraia Chaves, | |
| Adventurer and poet | |
| Lusíadas" (The Lusiads) | |
| Virgil's Aeneid | |
| neoclassic and contemporary | |
| Almeida Garrett, Camilo Branco | |
| barbecue in Portuguese | |
| grilled sardines | |
| potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish | |
| beef, pork, lamb, or chicken | |
| de sarrabulho (rice stewed in pigs blood) | |
| Francesinha (Frenchie) from Porto | |
| medieval Catholic monasteries | |
| almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor | |
| Belém (or past such pork) | |
| the times of the Romans | |
| Bacchus | |
| Alvarinho douro | |
| Port and Madeira | |
| Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar | |
| Sumol Summer Fest in Ericeira, Rock in Rio | |
| the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal | |
| European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year | |
| 2005 | |
| Pizarro, Maria João Pires, Se | |
| Carlos Damas, Gerardo Ribeiro and in the past by the great cellist Guilhermina Su | |
| pianist Pizarro, Maria João Pires, Se | |
| Nuno Malo and Miguel d'Oliveira | |
| 20th | |
| the Delaunays | |
| Canção Popular a Russa e Fígaro | |
| Amadeo de Oliveira-Cardoso | |
| Football | |
| Eusébio | |
| Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo | |
| FIFA World Player of the Year | |
| André Villas- Fernando Queiroz and Manuel José | |
| Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP | |
| Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP | |
| eight | |
| roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball | |
| Portuguese Football Federation | |
| 8, 1977 | |
| hip hop recording | |
| Omari West | |
| June 8, 1977 | |
| Roc-Fella Records | |
| Jay-Z and Alicia Keys | |
| The College Dropout | |
| Jay-Z and Alicia Keys | |
| Chicago | |
| producer for Roc-A-Fella Records | |
| 2004 | |
| seventh album, Yeezus | |
| 32 million | |
| 100 million | |
| Grammy-awarded | |
| two | |
| Forbes | |
| 32 million | |
| 21 | |
| 500 Greatest Albums of All Time | |
| 2005 and 2015 | |
| Clark Atlanta | |
| Atlanta | |
| Good Water Store and Café | |
| Clark Atlanta University | |
| Polaris High School | |
| Nanjing, China | |
| foreigner | |
| settled in well | |
| age of 10 | |
| Nanjing University | |
| poetry | |
| Green Eggs and Ham | |
| No I.D. | |
| writing poetry | |
| Green Eggs and Ham | |
| No I.D. | |
| Chicago's American Academy of Art | |
| 20 | |
| American Academy of Art | |
| American Academy of Art | |
| 20 | |
| College Dropout | |
| burgeoning local artists | |
| classic soul | |
| D-Dot | |
| the mid-1990s | |
| mid-1990s | |
| Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie | |
| Go-Getters | |
| Hustle Period | |
| 1999 | |
| West | |
| Ma$e, Raekwon, and Eminem | |
| Harlem World's first and only album The Movement | |
| Tell 'Em Why U Madd | |
| Roc-Fella Records | |
| The Blueprint | |
| 2000 | |
| The Blueprint | |
| a rapper | |
| Capitol Records | |
| rapper | |
| portray the gangsta image prominent in mainstream hip hop | |
| Capitol Records | |
| Joe Weinberger | |
| Roc-A-Fella | |
| producer first and foremost | |
| Joe Weinberger | |
| Roc-A-Fella Records | |
| "Through The Wire" | |
| "Through The Wire" | |
| The College Dropout | |
| October 23, 2002 | |
| "Through The Wire" | |
| "Through The Wire" | |
| The College Dropout | |
| three | |
| Los Angeles | |
| three | |
| August 2003 | |
| number fifteen | |
| two major music | |
| The College Dropout | |
| The College Dropout | |
| The College Dropout | |
| "Slow Jamz" | |
| West 10 | |
| GOOD Music | |
| string orchestra | |
| Jon Brion | |
| Late Registration | |
| 2.3 million | |
| Portishead | |
| Late Registration | |
| over 2.3 million | |
| Best New Artist | |
| Hurricane Katrina | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Best New Artist | |
| Mike Myers | |
| Rolling Stone wearing a crown of thorns. | |
| Concert for Hurricane Relief | |
| U2 | |
| large arenas | |
| Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash | |
| U2 | |
| 1980s | |
| The Rolling Stones | |
| Bob Dylan | |
| Graduation | |
| 50 Cent's Curtis | |
| 957,000 | |
| Daft Punk | |
| Graduation | |
| 50 Cent's Curtis | |
| Graduation outsold Curtis | |
| Alexis Phifer | |
| motors of "Jesus Walks" and "Never Let Me Down." | |
| 2007 | |
| Alexis Phifer | |
| Dark Tour | |
| Hawaii | |
| Love Lockdown | |
| Island Def Jam | |
| 808s & Heartbreak | |
| Island Def Jam | |
| November 2008 | |
| "Love Lockdown" | |
| Roland TR-808 drum machine | |
| Matthew Trammell | |
| Matthew Trammell | |
| MTV Video Music Awards | |
| winner Taylor Swift | |
| Lady Gaga | |
| 2009 | |
| Lady Gaga | |
| Lady Gaga | |
| 52nd Grammy Awards | |
| Hawaii | |
| fashion | |
| Hawaii | |
| Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy | |
| 54th Grammy Awards | |
| Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy | |
| November 2010 | |
| "All of the Lights" | |
| GOOD Fridays | |
| Coachella | |
| Jay-Z | |
| Cannes Film Festival in custom pyramid-shaped screening pavilion | |
| Coachella | |
| Watch the Throne | |
| "Niggas in Paris" | |
| 2012 | |
| Cannes Film Festival | |
| loft's living room at a Paris | |
| Yeezus | |
| Kendrick Lamar | |
| 2013 | |
| architecture | |
| Yeezus | |
| June 18, 2013 | |
| Yeezus | |
| North | |
| Adidas | |
| Rick Rubin | |
| Florence, Allan Kingdom and Paul McCartney | |
| Kim Kardashian | |
| North | |
| Florence | |
| Paul McCartney | |
| Yeezy Season 1 | |
| SWISH | |
| School of the Art Institute of Chicago | |
| 135,000 | |
| So Help Me God slated | |
| School of the Art Institute of Chicago | |
| 135,000 | |
| February 2, 2016 | |
| Waves | |
| Wiz Khalifa | |
| The Life of Pablo | |
| Tidal | |
| "Real Friends" | |
| Waves | |
| Khalifa | |
| Yeezy Season 3 | |
| David Bowie | |
| Wu-Tang Clan | |
| chibe Called Quest | |
| David Bowie | |
| Puff Daddy | |
| This Can't Be Life | |
| Jon Brion | |
| string arrangements, piano chords, brass flecks, and horn riffs | |
| Late Orchestration | |
| Jon Brion | |
| Portishead | |
| Graduation (2007) | |
| atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced | |
| melody and chord progression | |
| 2007 | |
| electropop | |
| Gary Numan, TJ Swan and Boy George | |
| dense drums, lengthy strings, droning synthesizers, and somber piano | |
| Boy George | |
| post-punk | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy | |
| writers | |
| Jon Brion | |
| DJ Toomp | |
| 808s & Heartbreak | |
| My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy | |
| a protest to music | |
| Le Corbusier | |
| 2013 | |
| a protest to music | |
| Pastelle Clothing line | |
| Air Yeezys | |
| spring 2006 | |
| 2009 | |
| Nike | |
| Louis Vuitton | |
| Kanye West | |
| mixed-negative | |
| March 6, 2012 | |
| October 1, 2011 | |
| DW Kanye West | |
| March 6, 2012 | |
| DW Kanye West | |
| mixed-to-negative | |
| March 6, 2012 | |
| Adidas | |
| Yeezy Season 3 | |
| Yeezy Boosts | |
| 9000 | |
| Adidas Yeezy | |
| 2015 | |
| The Life of Pablo | |
| Fatburger | |
| 10 Fatburger | |
| KW Foods LLC, bought the rights to the chain | |
| Fatburger | |
| two | |
| February 2011 | |
| KW Foods LLC | |
| GOOD Music | |
| Pusha T | |
| 2004 | |
| Big Sean | |
| Pusha T | |
| galvanize amazing thinkers in a creative space to bounce their dreams and ideas | |
| Donda West | |
| January 5, 2012 | |
| Tidal | |
| Jay Z | |
| low payout of royalties | |
| Tidal | |
| lossless audio and high definition music videos | |
| Jay Z | |
| Spotify | |
| West Foundation | |
| battle dropout and illiteracy rates | |
| "Kanye West Foundation" | |
| 2007 | |
| Chicago | |
| partnering with communitys to provide underprivileged youth access to music | |
| Ed in '08 | |
| August | |
| Donda West Foundation | |
| the foundation ceased operations in 2011 | |
| 2008 | |
| Donda West Foundation | |
| 2011 | |
| the Millions More Movement, | |
| A Concert for Hurricane Relief | |
| George W. Bush | |
| George W. Bush | |
| September 2, 2005 | |
| cut away to Chris Tucker | |
| Bush | |
| "I don't hate Kanye West | |
| Matt Lauer | |
| Kazakhstan | |
| US$3 million | |
| one of the poorest | |
| Kazakhstan | |
| Arizona | |
| human rights concerns | |
| Jimmy Kimmel Live! | |
| an apology | |
| Jimmy Kimmel | |
| Zane | |
| BBC Radio 1 | |
| President Obama | |
| Jews | |
| November 26, 2013 | |
| December 21, 2013 | |
| Bill Cosby | |
| Bill Cosby | |
| Gretchen Wilson | |
| "touch the Sky" | |
| Gretchen Wilson | |
| "touch the Sky" | |
| November 2, 2006 | |
| Saturday Night Live | |
| Spears has not had a hit in a long period of time | |
| "Stronger" | |
| "Maybe my skin’s not right." | |
| "Stronger" | |
| Taylor Swift | |
| Barack Obama | |
| President Barack Obama | |
| Taylor | |
| "selfless" | |
| September 2010 | |
| November 8, 2010 | |
| The Life of Pablo | |
| Beck | |
| Beyoncé | |
| Beck | |
| February 26, 2015 | |
| Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award | |
| 2020 | |
| Michael Vanguard Award | |
| Glastonbury Festival | |
| tossing his faulty microphone in the air and walked off stage. | |
| Change.org | |
| Glastonbury Festival | |
| over 50,000 signatures | |
| Alexis Phifer | |
| Amber Rose | |
| West and Kardashian | |
| two | |
| 2002 | |
| August 2006 | |
| Amber Rose | |
| April 2012 | |
| Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James | |
| 58 | |
| a third doctor, Jan Adams | |
| 7:35 pm | |
| heart disease | |
| Andre Aboolian | |
| Jan Adams | |
| Larry King Live | |
| "coronary artery disease | |
| Ed McPherson | |
| violating patient confidentiality following her death | |
| Larry King Live | |
| January 10, 2008 | |
| Oklahoma City | |
| Stop Believin' | |
| Oklahoma City | |
| November 20, 2007 | |
| November 22 | |
| the Dark tour | |
| New Zealand | |
| New Zealand | |
| Arnold Schwarzenegger | |
| Arnold Schwarzenegger | |
| the "Donda West Law" | |
| Robert "Evel" Knievel | |
| November 2007 | |
| Robert "Evel" Knievel | |
| Evel | |
| November 2007 | |
| felony vandalism | |
| $20,000 | |
| misdemeanor vandalism | |
| September 11, 2008 | |
| felony vandalism | |
| Don "Don C." Crowley | |
| $20,000 | |
| photographer outside the famous Tup Palace nightclub | |
| November 14, 2008 | |
| the Hilton hotel near Gateshead | |
| Tup Palace | |
| West | |
| two years' probation | |
| Daniel Ramos | |
| two years' probation | |
| anger management | |
| 250 | |
| West fall short every day. | |
| Collegeout | |
| Christian | |
| most important artist of any art form, of any genre | |
| David Bowie | |
| Jon Caramanic | |
| Ben Westhoff | |
| The Guardian | |
| homophobia | |
| hip and pop | |
| middle-class | |
| 50 Cent's Curtis | |
| Ben Detrick | |
| influenced by, or complimented, West's work | |
| Famed Tesla Motors CEO and inventor Elon Musk | |
| six songs | |
| over 30 million | |
| all | |
| No. 1 | |
| 3,086,000 | |
| third | |
| 30 million | |
| 21 | |
| Bob Dylan | |
| twice | |
| 21 | |
| No. 8 | |
| May 16, 2008 | |
| Man of the Year | |
| Bob Dylan | |
| three's albums | |
| three of West's albums | |
| Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy | |
| eighth | |
| The Pitchfork | |
| Yeezus | |
| " Runaway" | |
| President George W. Bush | |
| singer Taylor Swift | |
| clothing and footwear | |
| DONDA | |
| 2013 | |
| nontheistic | |
| teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha | |
| eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, present-day Nepal | |
| eliminance and craving | |
| ignorance and craving | |
| nontheistic | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| between the and 4th centuries BCE | |
| Nepal | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| present-day Nepal | |
| between the and 4th centuries BCE | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| Four | |
| Indian | |
| Buddha | |
| Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). | |
| Vajrayana | |
| Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia | |
| Pure Land, Zen Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai | |
| between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million | |
| Nichiren Buddhism | |
| Vajrayana | |
| Vajrayana teachings | |
| Indian siddhas | |
| The School of the Elders | |
| attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana | |
| practicing the Noble Eightfold Path | |
| a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening | |
| Buddhahood or rainbow body | |
| Theravada Buddhism | |
| Theravada Buddhism | |
| Tibetan Buddhism | |
| the Middle Way | |
| bodhisattva | |
| suffering and rebirth | |
| Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha | |
| giving charity to reduce the greediness | |
| giving charity to reduce the greediness; following ethical precepts | |
| giving charity to reduce the greediness | |
| creator | |
| greediness | |
| Mahayana tradition | |
| Buddhaghoṣa | |
| Buddhacarita, the Lokottastu, and the Sarāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra | |
| unqualified claims | |
| 5th century CE | |
| Buddhacarita | |
| Buddha | |
| Buddha's | |
| monastic | |
| 5th century CE | |
| Michael Carrithers | |
| birth, maturity, renunciation, awakening and liberation, teaching, | |
| Karen Armstrong | |
| Siddhatta Gotama | |
| disciples | |
| Michael Carrithers | |
| Michael Carrithers | |
| Siddhatta Gotama | |
| fifth century BCE | |
| on the periphery | |
| a small republic | |
| northeastern Indian subcontinent | |
| fifth century BCE | |
| periphery | |
| Siddhārtha Gautama | |
| an oligarch | |
| Siddhārtha Gautama | |
| an elected chieftain | |
| Asita | |
| Siddhartha would either become a great king | |
| become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man | |
| astrologer | |
| Suddhodana | |
| Siddhartha would either become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man | |
| Asita | |
| Suddhodana | |
| great king | |
| prevented him from leaving the palace grounds | |
| 29 | |
| Śuddhodana was determined to see his son become a king | |
| an old man, a sick man, a corpse | |
| a king | |
| 29 | |
| ascetic holy man | |
| abandon royal life | |
| a king | |
| 29 | |
| four sights | |
| corpse | |
| study with famous religious teachers of the day | |
| madhyamā-pratipad | |
| prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain | |
| philosophitive attainments | |
| starved himself | |
| milk and rice | |
| madhyamā-pratipad | |
| provide a permanent end to suffering | |
| milk and rice | |
| anapanasati | |
| Middle Way | |
| 35 | |
| Ficus religio tree | |
| teaching the path of awakening | |
| 80 | |
| Jaya Sri Bodhi Tree | |
| Bodhi Tree | |
| Bodhi Tree | |
| 35 | |
| Bodhi Tree | |
| Ficus religio tree | |
| Bodh Gaya | |
| Jaya Sri Bodhi | |
| the continual cycle of birth and death | |
| ignorance | |
| uffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction | |
| liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path. | |
| samsara | |
| six realms | |
| ignorance | |
| following the Buddhist path. | |
| the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death | |
| six realms | |
| psychological | |
| avidya (ignorance) | |
| following the Buddhist path. | |
| action, work | |
| action, work | |
| sīla | |
| body, speech or | |
| action, work | |
| sīla | |
| Sanskrit | |
| "seeds" | |
| action, work | |
| sīla | |
| res | |
| Theravada | |
| Lotus Sutra, the Aṅya Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra | |
| Buddhism | |
| Amitābha | |
| Theravada Buddhism | |
| Amitābha | |
| Mahayana sutras | |
| negative | |
| Genshin | |
| Amitābha | |
| Rebirth | |
| anattā (Sanskrit anātman) | |
| the laws of cause and effect (karma) | |
| conception to death | |
| karma | |
| Rebirth | |
| anattā (Sanskrit anātman) | |
| pratītyasamutpāda | |
| unchanging, eternal soul | |
| skilled Buddhist practitioners | |
| skilled Buddhist practitioners | |
| 31 | |
| Śuddhara Worlds or Pure Abodes | |
| anāmis | |
| formless realms | |
| arūpajhānas | |
| 31 | |
| anāmis | |
| arūpajhānas | |
| non-returners | |
| East Asian and Tibetan | |
| Theravada | |
| Samy | |
| intermediate state (Tibetan "bardo") | |
| Theravada | |
| Tian "bardo" | |
| East Asian | |
| East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism | |
| orthodox Theravada position | |
| Samyutta | |
| the Four Noble Truths | |
| dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome | |
| the Four Noble Truths | |
| uffering | |
| Four Noble Truths | |
| (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness | |
| the nature of Dukkha | |
| "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease" | |
| the nature of Dukkha | |
| "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease" | |
| atisfactoriness | |
| three | |
| uffering | |
| Dukkha | |
| three | |
| craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance | |
| craving | |
| complete cessation | |
| a path to this cessation | |
| the origin of dukkha can be known | |
| craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance | |
| ignorance | |
| the origin of dukkha can be known. | |
| ignorance | |
| the true nature of things | |
| dukkha | |
| The Noble Eightfold Path | |
| the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths | |
| Right View (or Right Understanding) | |
| the fourth | |
| eight | |
| Right Concentration | |
| Right Intention (or Right Thought) | |
| the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths | |
| eight | |
| , Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Speech, Right Action | |
| Ajahn Sucitto | |
| stages | |
| mental, spoken, and bodily | |
| Ajahn Sucitto | |
| yoga practice of his Kalama | |
| without egotism | |
| brahmaviharas, divine abodes | |
| mettā | |
| some attitudes towards all sentient beings | |
| Kalama | |
| egotism | |
| love, compassion, joy | |
| Pema Chödrön | |
| meditation | |
| his enment | |
| the Middle Way | |
| enment | |
| Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism | |
| discourage | |
| Buddhist scholars | |
| doctrinal | |
| liberation | |
| suffering (dukkha) | |
| nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā | |
| liberation | |
| clinging | |
| three | |
| all compounded or conditioned | |
| in the aging process | |
| impermanent | |
| Everything | |
| ceasing to be | |
| saṃsāra | |
| suffering | |
| suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, | |
| "suffering" | |
| realistic | |
| Buddhism | |
| "disquietude" | |
| "disquietude" | |
| umpass its full range of meaning. | |
| Not-self | |
| suffering | |
| identical | |
| neither the respective parts nor the person as a whole comprise a self | |
| Not-self | |
| an approach for gaining release from suffering | |
| "I have no Self" | |
| (skandhas | |
| prat Jurismutpāda | |
| dependent origination | |
| Buddhist | |
| Nidānas | |
| continuation of the cycle of suffering | |
| Twelve Nidānas | |
| , foundation, source or origin | |
| Twelve Nidānas | |
| Nidānas | |
| by attaining Nirvana | |
| ignorance | |
| absence of the others | |
| Sentient beings | |
| duk | |
| attaining Nirvana | |
| ignorance | |
| śūnyatā, or "emptiness" | |
| ptiness | |
| ātman | |
| widn-nature" or "self-nature" | |
| Sarvastivada teachings | |
| Vasuba and Asanga | |
| cittamatra | |
| Vasuba and Asanga | |
| inseparability of the clarity and emptiness | |
| perfected spiritual insight | |
| Sakya school | |
| Jonang school | |
| Tathāgata sutras | |
| Nirvana | |
| Awakening | |
| arahant | |
| Bodhi | |
| nirvana | |
| raga | |
| hate | |
| delusion | |
| bodhisattva | |
| buddha | |
| nirvana | |
| parinirvana | |
| Buddha | |
| Samsara | |
| suffering | |
| 28 | |
| Maitreya | |
| celestial | |
| reality | |
| human, animal, ghost, or other being | |
| Bodhi | |
| anagami | |
| Dharmakaya | |
| the Buddha | |
| Mahayana sutras | |
| existence | |
| monks | |
| śūnyatā | |
| bodhisattvas | |
| utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" | |
| Pure Land Buddhism | |
| Amitabha Buddha | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| Buddha era | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| Mahayana Buddhists | |
| Theravada | |
| Pure Land Buddhism | |
| lightenment being | |
| bodhicitta | |
| Mahāyāna | |
| Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle" | |
| Mahayana | |
| Mahayana | |
| bodhisattva vow | |
| dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā | |
| 14th | |
| Buddhists | |
| bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting | |
| meditationtive | |
| Buddha | |
| Brahminic | |
| liberating | |
| the Yogis | |
| mindfulness and clear awareness | |
| vision | |
| Buddha's meditationtive techniques | |
| "transcendent wisdom" | |
| Buddhist texts | |
| Buddhist texts | |
| Upanishads | |
| meditation | |
| contemplative | |
| Nasadiya Sukta | |
| taking refuge in the Three Jewels | |
| Majjhima | |
| Tibetan | |
| essence | |
| the Three Jewels | |
| Gautama Buddha | |
| The Dharma | |
| Sangha | |
| Śīla | |
| pāramitā | |
| precepts | |
| Śīla | |
| precepts | |
| overall principles of ethical behavior | |
| precepts | |
| asceticism | |
| training rules | |
| ethical | |
| lower heavens | |
| the third precept | |
| celibacy | |
| tenth | |
| the seventh precept | |
| ten | |
| Vinaya | |
| 227 | |
| vinapitaka | |
| counts | |
| life | |
| the higher attainments | |
| "islands unto themselves" | |
| Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra | |
| meat | |
| Japan | |
| Chán | |
| jhānas | |
| right concentration | |
| samādhi | |
| defilement | |
| thāna | |
| passanā | |
| insight | |
| idea | |
| jhāna | |
| mind | |
| disturbed | |
| ñāna | |
| prajñā | |
| understanding | |
| craving | |
| defilements | |
| suffering and stress | |
| Nibbāna | |
| Four | |
| bodhi | |
| Prajā | |
| sermons | |
| deep in meditation, listening to a sermon, conducting in discourse | |
| conceptual understanding | |
| zen | |
| Zen Buddhism | |
| Zen | |
| spiritual | |
| two | |
| Rinzai (, a meditative riddle or puzzle) and Sōtō | |
| Zen Buddhist teaching | |
| Formless Self | |
| Thinking and thought | |
| Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" | |
| "Diamond Vehicle" | |
| Tantric | |
| Vajrayāna | |
| first millennium BCE | |
| morality on rebirth | |
| ascetic religious and philosophical groups | |
| non-Vedic | |
| Greater Magadha | |
| Rajagrha | |
| 2nd or 3rd centuries BCE | |
| Upanishads | |
| Pakudha Kaccayana | |
| Ajnanas | |
| Jains | |
| Vedic animal sacrifice | |
| the cosmic man | |
| animal sacrifices | |
| Brahmins | |
| reliability of these sources | |
| insight | |
| Rupa Jhanas | |
| Majjhima Nikaya 36. | |
| rebirth | |
| karma | |
| dāna | |
| meditative practices | |
| fourth jhana | |
| liberating insight | |
| linear | |
| Sanskrit | |
| Nikayas | |
| "Nibbāna" | |
| the middle way | |
| the eightfold path | |
| prajna, or "liberating insight" | |
| liberating insight | |
| person | |
| three | |
| five | |
| Early Buddhism | |
| Sectarian Buddhism | |
| Mahayana Buddhism | |
| Vajrayana Buddhism | |
| Pre-sectarian Buddhism | |
| rebirth | |
| Noble Path | |
| Buddhist | |
| Āna | |
| , Ānanda, a cousin of the Buddha and his personal attendant | |
| Ānanda | |
| the Second Council | |
| the Second Council | |
| 100 BCE | |
| Mahāsāṅhikas | |
| Mahasanghika | |
| vinaya | |
| Sthaviras | |
| monasteries | |
| doctrinal disagreements | |
| Abhidharma | |
| summaries or numerical lists | |
| 3rd century BCE | |
| Mahasanghika | |
| Prajāpāramitā | |
| Āndhra | |
| Prajñāpāramitā | |
| 1st century BCE | |
| Āndhra country | |
| third | |
| South | |
| Buddhism | |
| Vinaya or ordination lineage | |
| monasteries | |
| Mahāyāna texts | |
| Lokakṣema | |
| Prajñāpāramitā | |
| 1st | |
| Madhyamaka, Yoga | |
| Buddhist Logic | |
| Yogacara | |
| Ashoka | |
| stūpas (Buddhist religious memorials) | |
| Buddhism religious memorials | |
| west | |
| missionaries | |
| accompanied by Buddhist missionaries | |
| Persian and Greek civilization | |
| Menander | |
| 3rd | |
| 3rd century BCE | |
| 2nd century CE | |
| 2nd century CE | |
| Korea and Japan | |
| Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism | |
| Buddhist | |
| teachings of the Buddha | |
| Buddhist community | |
| progressive | |
| Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism | |
| the second half of the 20th Century | |
| -Buddhism | |
| Soka Gakkai | |
| Creation Society | |
| Soka Gakkai International (SGI) | |
| Soka Gakkai International | |
| Buddhism | |
| China | |
| 244 million | |
| 360 million | |
| 150 million | |
| Seven million | |
| 138 million | |
| 495 million | |
| 487 million | |
| less vehicle | |
| Hina | |
| concepts | |
| Buddhist ecumenical organization | |
| Theravada | |
| Sthāvirīya | |
| Pali Canon | |
| the west | |
| Theravadin | |
| merit | |
| Nā University | |
| Mahayana Sutras | |
| the Buddha himself | |
| Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra | |
| Northern Buddhism | |
| Northern Buddhism | |
| Pure Land school of Mahayana | |
| Saivism | |
| Buddhists | |
| Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra | |
| Buddhist | |
| objects | |
| text | |
| āgamas | |
| common core | |
| size and complexity of the Buddhist canons | |
| the Dhammapada | |
| Buddhist | |
| Theravada | |
| Zen | |
| The Buddha and His Dhamma | |
| Pāli Tipitaka | |
| Pāli Tipitaka | |
| Vinaya Pitaka | |
| Sutta Pitaka | |
| Sutta Pitaka | |
| Pāli Tipitaka | |
| five or seven | |
| Mahākaśyapa (Pāli: Mahākassapa) | |
| to record the Buddha's teachings | |
| Upāli | |
| Ānanda | |
| Buddha's personal attendant | |
| Theravadin | |
| Theravadins | |
| Mahayana sutras | |
| Mahayana sutras | |
| Sarvastivada Abhidharma | |
| Mahayana sutras | |
| motivation to liberate all living beings | |
| Mahāyāna | |
| Mahayana sutras | |
| Mahayana sutras | |
| Mahayana tradition | |
| six hundred | |
| East Asian Buddhism | |
| after the 5th century CE | |
| Hina | |
| Theravada | |
| Sri Lanka | |
| Theravada | |
| Hinayāna, the Inferior Way | |
| Śrāvakayāna | |
| Buddhism | |
| ethics | |
| moral and spiritual | |
| Christianity | |
| scientific thought | |
| Buddhism | |
| Buddhism | |
| Simon Fuller | |
| 19 Entertainment | |
| 2002 | |
| Pop Idol | |
| Fox | |
| 19 Entertainment | |
| Pop Idol | |
| Simon Fuller | |
| 19 Entertainment | |
| June 11, 2002 | |
| Pop Idol | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Brian Dunkleman | |
| Jennifer Lopez | |
| Ryan Seacrest | |
| Brian Dunkleman | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Jennifer Lopez | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Paula Abdul | |
| Simon Cowell | |
| Keith Urban | |
| Connick, Jr | |
| 345 | |
| Kelly Clarkson | |
| a rival TV executive | |
| Kelly Clarkson | |
| Kelly Clarkson | |
| Kelly Clarkson | |
| Kelly Clarkson | |
| 345 | |
| a rival TV executive | |
| May 11, 2015 | |
| May 11, 2015 | |
| 2003–04 | |
| eight consecutive years | |
| May 11, 2015 | |
| American Idol | |
| Simon Fuller | |
| 2001 | |
| Simon Cowell | |
| Lythgoe | |
| American Idol | |
| Nigelgoe | |
| telephone voting by the viewing public | |
| 2001 | |
| Lythgoe | |
| seven consecutive seasons | |
| 2002 | |
| 2001 | |
| his daughter Elisabeth | |
| Rupert Murdoch | |
| The Search for a Superstar | |
| eight | |
| four | |
| Angie Martinez | |
| Stryker | |
| four | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Angie Martinez | |
| season eight | |
| KaraGuardi | |
| Ellen DeGeneres | |
| two | |
| 2010 | |
| The X Factor | |
| KaraGuardi | |
| season nine | |
| January 11, 2010 | |
| Ellen DeGeneres | |
| January 11, 2010 | |
| two | |
| Shania Twain | |
| season three | |
| season eight | |
| season nine | |
| Richie and Robin Gibb | |
| season eight | |
| season three | |
| Ryan Seacrest | |
| Dunkleman | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Scott Borchetta | |
| song choice and performance | |
| Jimmy Iovine | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| twenty-eight | |
| The initial age limit was sixteen to twenty-four | |
| semi-final stage | |
| a few hundred | |
| audition in front of the judges | |
| a few hundred | |
| audition in front of the judges | |
| at least three sets | |
| producers | |
| audition in front of the judges | |
| season ten | |
| two and three | |
| seasons two and three, contestants were also asked to write original lyrics or melody | |
| seasonelve | |
| three rounds | |
| group round | |
| two and three | |
| Las Vegas | |
| Sudden Death round | |
| season thirteen | |
| 178 million | |
| season ten | |
| Telescope Inc | |
| the semi-finals onwards | |
| Over 110 million votes | |
| Over 110 million | |
| 12 finalists | |
| wildcard round | |
| different groups to perform individually in their respective night | |
| individually | |
| seasons | |
| ten | |
| 12 | |
| twenty-four | |
| by gender in order to seven and nine. | |
| six | |
| six | |
| twenty-four | |
| three wildcards | |
| three wildcards | |
| highest female | |
| thirty | |
| season eight | |
| three contestants | |
| three wildcards | |
| three | |
| CBS Television City in front of a live studio audience | |
| Jimmy Iowie the contestants sing one song each week | |
| thirteen | |
| eight weeks | |
| CBS Television City in front of a live studio | |
| Jimmy Iowie the contestants sing one song each week | |
| one song each week | |
| top four or five onwards | |
| In the eighth, ninth, tenth, and fourteenth seasons | |
| "The save" can only be used once, and only up through the top five | |
| safety | |
| season six | |
| fourteenth season | |
| the contestants in danger of elimination | |
| " Fan Save" | |
| a five-minute window | |
| the fourteenth season | |
| Nokia Theatre | |
| 3,400 | |
| The finale | |
| Dolby Theatre | |
| 3,400 | |
| over 6,000 | |
| Gibson Amphitheatre | |
| 19 Management | |
| Big Machine Records | |
| three months | |
| a record deal with a major label | |
| American Idol-affiliated 19 Management | |
| Big Machine Records | |
| golden | |
| golden ticket | |
| viewing public | |
| season seven | |
| Ray Chew | |
| season ten | |
| Rickey Minor | |
| Rickey Minor | |
| Rickey Minor | |
| season seven | |
| Fox | |
| 2002 | |
| Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman | |
| June 2002 | |
| Fox | |
| Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman | |
| 121 contestants were selected from around 10,000 who attended the auditions | |
| around 10,000 | |
| Jim Verraros | |
| Tamyra Gray | |
| in the hospital | |
| 121 | |
| 30 | |
| Delano Cagnolatti | |
| the top four | |
| Christina Christian | |
| September 4, 2002 | |
| Justin Guarini | |
| September | |
| Justin Guarini | |
| Justin Guarini | |
| September 4, 2002 | |
| A Moment Like This | |
| From Justin to Kelly | |
| 23 million | |
| coronation song | |
| coronation song | |
| A Moment Like This | |
| "A Moment Like This" | |
| From Justin to Kelly | |
| more than 23 million | |
| 2003 | |
| Kristin Adams | |
| January 2003 | |
| Kristin Adams was a correspondent for this season. | |
| Paula Abdul | |
| Frenchie Davis | |
| Corey Clark | |
| Jaered Andrews | |
| Corey Clark | |
| Frenchie Davis | |
| Corey Clark | |
| Ruben Studdard | |
| 24 million | |
| Ruben Studdard | |
| 24 million votes | |
| Nigelgoe | |
| Ruben Studdard | |
| Ruben Studdard | |
| 134,000 votes | |
| 134,000 votes | |
| Aiken | |
| "Flying Without Wings" | |
| Josh Gracin | |
| "Flying Without Wings" | |
| ing Without Wings | |
| This Is the Night | |
| The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin | |
| Josh Gracin | |
| 2004 | |
| William Hung | |
| William Hung | |
| January 19, 2004 | |
| Ricky Martin | |
| William Hung | |
| Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson | |
| Hudson | |
| Elton John | |
| John Stevens | |
| Three Divas | |
| Hudson | |
| Elton John | |
| John Stevens | |
| Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo | |
| "I Believe" | |
| Dreams | |
| "I Believe" | |
| Simon Cowell | |
| Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo | |
| Fantasia | |
| "I Believe" | |
| Nikko Smith | |
| Nikko Smith | |
| Freemantle Media | |
| Vazquez | |
| top 11 | |
| postponed until the following night | |
| 2005 | |
| 65 million | |
| Your Heaven | |
| Carrie Underwood | |
| May 2005 | |
| Carrie Underwood | |
| Your Heaven | |
| 65 million | |
| Season five | |
| Brittenum twins | |
| Season five | |
| January 17, 2006 | |
| Brittenum twins | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| lead singer | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| Live's version of "I Walk the Line" | |
| not crediting the arrangement to Live | |
| Taylor Hicks | |
| I Make You Proud | |
| My Destiny | |
| May 30, 2006 | |
| Taylor Hicks | |
| I Make You Proud | |
| My Destiny | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| Daughtry | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| Daughtry | |
| January 16, 2007 | |
| 37.3 million | |
| January 16, 2007 | |
| 37.3 million | |
| Sanjaya Malakar | |
| Howard Stern | |
| Vote for the Worst | |
| April 18 | |
| Sanjaya Malakar | |
| Sanjaya Malakar | |
| unusual elimination | |
| Vote for the Worst | |
| Howard Stern | |
| April 18 | |
| Idol Gives Back telethon | |
| $76 million | |
| Melinda Doolittle | |
| Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event | |
| Stacey and Chris Richardson | |
| Melinda Doolittle | |
| Jordin Sparks | |
| Jordin Sparks | |
| May 23 | |
| May 23 | |
| Jordin Sparks | |
| Jordin Sparks | |
| 2005 | |
| 100,000 from the 10,000 | |
| 28 | |
| Season four | |
| season | |
| January 18, 2005 | |
| high definition | |
| 100,000 | |
| 28 | |
| 2007 | |
| This Is My Now | |
| performed by both finalists during the finale | |
| American Idol | |
| "coronation song" | |
| 20 | |
| This Is My Now | |
| May 24, 2007 | |
| 2008 | |
| David Hernandez | |
| Carly Smithson | |
| January 15, 2008 | |
| David Hernandez | |
| prior recording as a stripper | |
| David Hernandez | |
| "Billie Jean" | |
| David Cook | |
| Chris Cornell | |
| March 11, 2008 | |
| March 11, 2008 | |
| Chris Cornell | |
| David Cook | |
| David Archuleta | |
| season ten | |
| "Hallelujah" | |
| Jason Castro | |
| iTunes | |
| John Lennon's "Imagine" | |
| Jennifer Lopez | |
| Jason Castro | |
| Jeff Buckley | |
| iTunes | |
| David Cook | |
| David Cook | |
| May 21, 2008 | |
| David Cook | |
| The Time of My Life | |
| The Time of My Life | |
| 2008 | |
| The Time of My Life | |
| May 2008 | |
| 2009 | |
| Danny Gokey | |
| president of alternative programming | |
| January | |
| January 13, 2009 | |
| Mike Darnell | |
| Danny Gokey | |
| KaraGuardi | |
| two weeks | |
| Think You Can Dance | |
| Kodak Theatre | |
| global recession | |
| fourth judge, KaraGuardi | |
| KaraGuardi | |
| So You Can Dance | |
| Kodak Theatre | |
| Idol Gives Back | |
| 13 | |
| Matt Giraud | |
| two | |
| two were eliminated | |
| Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai | |
| 13 | |
| two | |
| Matt Giraud | |
| Kris Allen and Adam Lambert | |
| Kris Allen and Adam Lambert | |
| Arkansas | |
| 100 million | |
| Kris Allen and Adam Lambert | |
| Allen won the contest in the most controversial voting result | |
| Kris Allen and Adam Lambert | |
| AT&T employees | |
| "No Boundaries" | |
| DioGuardi | |
| "No Boundaries" | |
| DioGuardi | |
| gold album status | |
| none | |
| January 12, 2010 | |
| DeGeneres | |
| at the start of Hollywood Week | |
| January 12, 2010 | |
| Ellen DeGeneres | |
| DeGeneres | |
| January 12, 2010 | |
| Crystal Bowersox | |
| Ken Warwick | |
| fell ill due to diabetic ketoa | |
| Crystal Bowersox | |
| the top 20 week | |
| schedule | |
| Ken Warwick | |
| producer | |
| Michael Lynche | |
| April 21, 2010 | |
| Adam Lambert | |
| raised $45 million | |
| Michael Lynche | |
| Adam Lambert | |
| Simon Cowell | |
| tribute to Simon Cowell | |
| Simon Cowell | |
| Paula Abdul | |
| DeWyze | |
| autiful Day | |
| May 26 | |
| DeWyze | |
| autiful Day | |
| Patty Griffin's "Up to the Mountain" | |
| January 19, 2011 | |
| Season ten | |
| Jimmy Iovine | |
| The X Factor | |
| Nigelgoe | |
| January 19, 2011 | |
| Nigelgoe | |
| Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler | |
| Jimmy Iovine, chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group | |
| Season ten | |
| Myspace | |
| online audition | |
| online auditions | |
| Myspace | |
| Chris Medina | |
| Top 40 | |
| Casey Abrams | |
| Abrams | |
| Chris Medina | |
| Naima Adedapo and Thia Megia | |
| Casey Abrams | |
| Top 13 result | |
| Casey Abrams | |
| Pia Toscano | |
| Tom Hanks | |
| Pia Toscano | |
| Tom Hanks | |
| teenage country | |
| McCreery | |
| "I Love You This Big" | |
| My Mother Does | |
| Soulful | |
| 2011 | |
| McCreery | |
| Ruben Studdard's Soulful in 2003 | |
| Season 11 | |
| one more finalist would join the Top 24 | |
| Jones | |
| January 18, 2012 | |
| Jermaine Jones | |
| March 14 | |
| concealing arrests and outstanding warrants | |
| Phillips | |
| kidney pain | |
| eight | |
| Phillips | |
| Phillips | |
| kidney | |
| Colton Dixon | |
| .colton Dixon was the only contestant sent home | |
| Colton Dixon | |
| two, the first season where a recipient of the save | |
| The following week, unlike previous seasons, Colton Dixon was the only contestant sent home | |
| Jess Sanchez | |
| Colton Dixon | |
| DeGarmo | |
| season five | |
| season five finalist | |
| Phillips | |
| season five finalist | |
| season three | |
| Home | |
| Nothing | |
| Home | |
| Nothing | |
| Home | |
| January 16, 2013 | |
| Judges Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler left the show after two seasons | |
| TMZ | |
| January 16, 2013 | |
| four | |
| five | |
| Lazaro Arbos | |
| top 10 contestants started with five males and five females | |
| five weeks | |
| Lazaro Arbos | |
| top four | |
| Candin Glover | |
| Krever | |
| I Am Beautiful | |
| All Cried Out | |
| Candin Glover | |
| Candice Glover | |
| "I Am Beautiful" | |
| "All Cried Out" | |
| runner-up was not signed by a music label | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| one season | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj | |
| January 15, 2014 | |
| Ryan Seacrest | |
| in-mentor | |
| Ryan Seacrest | |
| January 15, 2014 | |
| Connick, Jr. | |
| Harry Connick, Jr. | |
| Connick, Jr. | |
| Nigelgoe and Ken Warwick | |
| Sam Woolf | |
| Top 3 performance night | |
| songs they wrote themselves | |
| Sam Woolf | |
| Sam Woolf | |
| Top 3 performance night | |
| Caleb Johnson | |
| Irene | |
| Long as You Love Me | |
| We Are One | |
| Caleb Johnson | |
| Jena Irene | |
| As Long as You Love Me | |
| We Are One | |
| January 7, 2015 | |
| Ryan Seacrest | |
| Adam Lambert | |
| judges | |
| Randy Jackson | |
| January 7, 2015 | |
| Adam Lambert | |
| one episode | |
| coca | |
| Ford Motor Company | |
| Big Machine Records | |
| one episode | |
| CocaCola | |
| Ford Motor Company | |
| Big Machine Records | |
| Nick Fradiani | |
| Nick Fradiani | |
| Jax | |
| autiful Life | |
| Forcefield | |
| Nick Fradiani | |
| Nick Fradiani | |
| Fradiani | |
| mpion | |
| Jax | |
| May 11, 2015 | |
| four | |
| fifth | |
| Urban, and Jennifer Lopez | |
| Fox | |
| May 11, 2015 | |
| Ryan Seacrest | |
| 131 | |
| 2002 | |
| Southern | |
| North Carolina | |
| North Carolina | |
| ten | |
| Chris Daughtry | |
| 47 million | |
| 16 percent | |
| 85 | |
| 85 percent | |
| Taylor Hicks | |
| Alabama | |
| Bible Belt | |
| Bible Belt | |
| the state of Alabama | |
| GWG | |
| Phillips | |
| The Untold Story | |
| five consecutive seasons | |
| guitar | |
| a white guy with guitar | |
| Richard Rushfield | |
| Phillips | |
| 19 Entertainment | |
| Ruben Studdard | |
| Ruben Studdard | |
| 2013 | |
| 100 million | |
| season eight | |
| season eight | |
| power voting | |
| 2010 | |
| 2013 | |
| Idol Gives Back | |
| $185 million | |
| Idol Gives Back | |
| seasons seven and nine | |
| 2002 | |
| 40 million | |
| 23 million | |
| summer | |
| June 2002 | |
| 40 million | |
| 23 million | |
| 26.8 million | |
| 21.7 million | |
| Ruben Studdard | |
| season three | |
| season four | |
| 26.7 million | |
| 21.7 million | |
| season four | |
| Season six | |
| Season six | |
| the Death Star | |
| NBC | |
| Season six | |
| the Death Star | |
| season wherein the average results show rated higher than the competition stages | |
| season wherein the average results show rated higher than the competition stages | |
| season seven | |
| in part to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike | |
| 2002 | |
| Kristy Lee Cook | |
| season six | |
| the most watched TV network inception | |
| Writers Guild of America strike | |
| NBC | |
| CBS | |
| 2010 | |
| NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics | |
| 30.1 million | |
| sixth | |
| 32.1 | |
| 47.2 | |
| 32.1 | |
| 32.1 | |
| eight | |
| NBC Sunday Night Football | |
| 8 straight years from 2004 to 2012 | |
| 13.3 million | |
| 2013–14 | |
| 2003 | |
| 7.2 million | |
| 13.3 million | |
| Coca-Cola | |
| 8.03 million | |
| fifteenth | |
| May 11, 2015 | |
| 8.03 million | |
| almost a decade | |
| eight consecutive years | |
| Simon Fuller claimed, "saved Fox" | |
| Simon Fuller claimed, "saved Fox" | |
| Simon Fuller | |
| Dancing with the Stars | |
| The Sing-Off | |
| American Idol | |
| American Idol | |
| American Idol | |
| 345 | |
| Rich Meyer | |
| Kelly Clarkson | |
| 345 | |
| Fred Bronson | |
| four | |
| four million | |
| 59 million | |
| 120 million | |
| 59 million | |
| 120 million | |
| Jennifer Hudson | |
| vocal coach | |
| Broadway | |
| Dreamgirls | |
| Dreamgirls | |
| Debra Byrd | |
| Entertainment Weekly | |
| national anthem | |
| Ken Tucker | |
| Entertainment Weekly | |
| Karla Peterson | |
| Lincoln Memorial | |
| Entertainment Weekly | |
| Ramin Setoodeh | |
| John Mayer | |
| Newsweek | |
| commercialism | |
| Ann Powers | |
| Ramin Setoodeh | |
| John Mayer | |
| Elton John | |
| 2006 | |
| LeAnn Rimes | |
| Usher | |
| Carrie Underwood | |
| Elton John | |
| LeAnn Rimes | |
| Elton John | |
| country | |
| country music | |
| ni | |
| Bruce Gower | |
| three in 2009 and two in 2011 | |
| Gives Back edition | |
| ni | |
| Governor's Award | |
| $900 million | |
| $6.4 billion | |
| The American Idol Experience | |
| $900 million | |
| Disney | |
| season four | |
| $1.3 million | |
| $427 million | |
| $737,000 | |
| 2014 | |
| $800 million | |
| season 7 | |
| season 7 | |
| AT&T Wireless | |
| 2010s | |
| season seven | |
| $10 million | |
| $35 million | |
| AT&T Wireless | |
| text-messaging | |
| 4,349 | |
| PepsiCo | |
| The X Factor | |
| Coca-Cola | |
| The X Factor | |
| third place | |
| season five | |
| M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies | |
| a semi-finalist | |
| Kellogg's Pop-Tarts | |
| M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies | |
| season five tour | |
| season seven | |
| five | |
| iTunes | |
| winner's coronation single | |
| as a compilation album at the end of the season. | |
| the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program | |
| iTunes | |
| Sony Music | |
| Sony Music | |
| UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records | |
| 19 Entertainment | |
| 19 Recordings | |
| Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) | |
| Sony Music Entertainment | |
| UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records | |
| The Walt Disney Company | |
| 2009 | |
| 2014 | |
| 19 Entertainment | |
| February 14, 2009 | |
| Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience" at its Disney World Resort in Florida | |
| Dream Ticket | |
| August 30, 2014 | |
| over 100 | |
| CTV and/or CTV Two | |
| 2014 | |
| Yes TV | |
| 100 | |
| CTV and/or CTV Two | |
| Yes TV | |
| La3 | |
| one day | |
| STAR World | |
| Thursday and Friday | |
| STAR World | |
| La3 | |
| 'ringers' | |
| seven consecutive years | |
| eight consecutive | |
| Canis lupus familiaris | |
| lupus familiaris | |
| millennia | |
| sensory capabilities | |
| the 2010s | |
| 40,000 years | |
| Eurasia | |
| starch-rich diet | |
| extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago | |
| man's best friend | |
| man's best friend | |
| meat | |
| dukkōn | |
| Proto-Indo-European | |
| Old English docga | |
| Proto-Indo-European | |
| hound | |
| dog | |
| 16th | |
| hound | |
| 16th century | |
| hunting | |
| kwon-dog | |
| offspring | |
| sire | |
| poupée | |
| whelping | |
| bitch | |
| bitch | |
| puppies | |
| the sire | |
| dam | |
| offspring | |
| Canis | |
| 1758 | |
| Linnaeus | |
| "Dog-wolf" | |
| the first edition of Mammal Species of the World | |
| Canis | |
| "Dog-family" or the family dog | |
| Canis | |
| Canis familiaris | |
| 1982 | |
| 2003 | |
| Lupus | |
| Canis familiaris | |
| the ICZN | |
| Canis familiaris | |
| the ICZN | |
| Lupus | |
| genetic studies | |
| ancestor | |
| hunter-gatherers | |
| Taimyr wolf of North Asia | |
| human hunter-gatherers | |
| gray wolf | |
| Taimyr | |
| Modern dog breeds | |
| catching and tearing | |
| scavengers | |
| wrist bones | |
| endurance | |
| catching and tearing | |
| scavengers | |
| height and weight | |
| English Mastiff | |
| English Mastiff | |
| "double" | |
| soft down hair | |
| "double" | |
| topcoat only | |
| countershading | |
| upper surfaces | |
| camouflage pattern | |
| dark color | |
| visibility | |
| straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw | |
| emotional state | |
| sickle | |
| elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic palate, | |
| parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, as well as hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and trick knees | |
| unspayed | |
| unspayed females of all types and ages | |
| parasites | |
| toxic | |
| bromine | |
| macadamia | |
| Theobromine | |
| toxic | |
| nicotine | |
| dark chocolate | |
| 1.2 years | |
| shorter | |
| 2013 | |
| 1.2 years | |
| 10 to 13 years | |
| Dogue de Bordeaux | |
| 6 to 7 years | |
| 6 to 7 years | |
| Dogue de Bordeaux | |
| 5.2 years | |
| 14 to 15 | |
| Bluey | |
| Pusuke | |
| 1939 | |
| Bluey | |
| 1939 | |
| Pusuke | |
| biannually | |
| pregnancy | |
| up to two years | |
| estrous cycle | |
| 58 to 68 days | |
| 63 days | |
| six puppies | |
| six puppies | |
| six puppies | |
| six puppies | |
| four puppies | |
| sterilization | |
| American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) | |
| testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus | |
| ovaries and uterus | |
| testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus | |
| ovaries and uterus | |
| neutered | |
| Neutering | |
| urinary incontinence | |
| Spayed | |
| urinary incontinence | |
| prostate cancer | |
| Rico | |
| Chaser | |
| gesturing and pointing | |
| Australian dingos | |
| solve their problems | |
| Dog intelligence | |
| over 200 | |
| advanced memory skills | |
| over 1,000 | |
| 9,000–30,000 | |
| humans | |
| social-cognitive skills | |
| communicate with humans | |
| humans | |
| Dog behavior | |
| understand and communicate | |
| social-cognitive skills of human children | |
| pheromones and taste | |
| vocalization | |
| facial expression | |
| hand signals | |
| domestic dogs | |
| atrophy of the jaw muscles | |
| diagnostic features | |
| once a year | |
| their behaviors | |
| 11 fixed genes | |
| selection on both morphology and behavior | |
| production-related traits | |
| fear and aggression | |
| production-related traits | |
| for their behaviors | |
| 11 fixed genes | |
| aggression | |
| 525 million | |
| 525 million | |
| human population densities | |
| apex predators | |
| beaten off or killed | |
| dogs | |
| apex predators | |
| sheep | |
| Wolves | |
| Leopards | |
| Striped hyenas | |
| alligators and pythons | |
| Coyotes | |
| Coyotes | |
| alligators and pythons | |
| Striped hyenas | |
| omnivores | |
| grains | |
| obligate carnivores | |
| Carnivora | |
| protein | |
| starch-rich diet | |
| a few hundred years | |
| morphologies and behaviors | |
| varied breeds | |
| Irish | |
| a few hundred years old | |
| hundreds | |
| blue | |
| selective breeding | |
| inherited characteristics | |
| kennel clubs | |
| natural selection and selective breeding | |
| Dog breeds | |
| non-scientific | |
| unsystematic | |
| four major types | |
| Malamute and Shar Pei | |
| "herding"-type | |
| four | |
| old world dogs | |
| "hunting" | |
| bite inhibition | |
| sophisticated forms | |
| one of the most successful species on the planet today | |
| bite inhibition | |
| hunter-gatherers | |
| aiding handicapped individuals | |
| man's best friend | |
| meat | |
| food scraps | |
| three dog night | |
| warning | |
| cleaning up food scraps | |
| three dog night | |
| cooperative hunting | |
| 2004 | |
| dogs' robust sense of smell | |
| domestication of the wolf | |
| sled dogs | |
| Bering land bridge | |
| 9,400 years ago | |
| 9,400 years ago | |
| Athabascan | |
| Apache and Navajo tribes | |
| horse | |
| a four-to-five-month-old puppy | |
| humans and dogs | |
| 1950s and 1960s | |
| 1980s | |
| outside more than they tend to be today | |
| elites | |
| outside more often | |
| 1980s | |
| conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour | |
| dogs-dogs | |
| two major trends | |
| modification | |
| everyday routines | |
| commodity forms | |
| 18th | |
| urine marking | |
| 18th century | |
| urine marking | |
| barking | |
| part of the family | |
| Dog Whisperer | |
| part of the family | |
| Dog Whisperer | |
| newspaper | |
| dishwasher | |
| yoga | |
| set tasks or routines | |
| newspaper from the lawn | |
| 77.5 million | |
| 77.5 million | |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | |
| voices | |
| the brain | |
| emotional | |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | |
| emotional | |
| man's best friend | |
| hunting | |
| nets | |
| , a husky-terrier mix named Laika | |
| husky-terrier | |
| man's best friend | |
| pointers and hounds | |
| nets | |
| , a husky-terrier mix named Laika | |
| 1957 | |
| psychological therapy dogs | |
| medical care. | |
| breed shows | |
| a judge familiar with the specific dog breed | |
| purebred dogs | |
| the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities | |
| conformation shows | |
| conformation shows | |
| externally observable qualities of the dog | |
| ability or health | |
| rural areas of Poland | |
| taboo | |
| dog fat | |
| consumption of dog meat as taboo | |
| taboo | |
| medicinal properties | |
| gaejang-guk | |
| a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months | |
| to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or vital energy of the body | |
| scallions and chili powder | |
| the summer months | |
| scallions and chili powder | |
| 4.5 million | |
| 17 | |
| 26. 77% | |
| 4.5 million | |
| 2000s | |
| less severe | |
| 12.9 per 10,000 | |
| 60.7 per 10,000 | |
| in the face or neck | |
| serious infections | |
| Colorado | |
| 60.7 per 10,000 | |
| serious infections | |
| cats | |
| two-wheeled | |
| two-wheeled | |
| Toxocara canis | |
| dog feces | |
| 10,000 | |
| larva migrans | |
| xocara canis | |
| 14% | |
| 10,000 | |
| 24% | |
| retinal damage | |
| 2005 | |
| absenteeism from school through sickness | |
| 2005 | |
| physical exercise | |
| physical exercise | |
| immune-stimulating microorganisms | |
| social interactions | |
| 2015 | |
| reductions in cardiovascular, behavioral, and psychological indicators of anxiety | |
| strangers are accompanied by a dog | |
| mental institutions | |
| social behaviors, such as smiling and laughing | |
| antisocial and violent behavior | |
| late 18th century | |
| mental institutions | |
| education program | |
| animal-assisted therapy | |
| diseases | |
| 40 times | |
| trillion | |
| 40 times | |
| 551 | |
| Cerberus | |
| the gates of Hades | |
| gar guards Helheim | |
| Kimat | |
| thunder | |
| Persian | |
| Cerberus | |
| Garmr | |
| god of thunder | |
| Kimat | |
| the gates of Naraka | |
| Yama | |
| bronze dog figurines | |
| Yama | |
| the gates of Naraka | |
| mount | |
| bronze dog figurines | |
| scavengers | |
| scavengers | |
| Hasan Küçük | |
| leather dog booties | |
| scavengers | |
| 2015 | |
| Lérida, Spain | |
| lugga | |
| faithfulness | |
| themselves | |
| feed dogs (and other animals that they own) | |
| faithfulness | |
| protectors | |
| zodiacal dog | |
| kind protectors | |
| caves | |
| Hunting scenes | |
| caves | |
| Hunting scenes | |
| human and canine developed | |
| humans | |
| French Bulldogs | |
| run away | |
| run away | |
| pets living in human homes | |
| more reliable food, lesser caloric needs | |
| domestication of dogs | |
| poorly controlled | |
| the doctor | |
| 1936 | |
| 129 | |
| one world, one dream | |
| "Journey of Harmony" | |
| one world, one dream | |
| Beijing, China | |
| "Journey of Harmony" | |
| 85,000 mi | |
| March 24 | |
| Panathinaiko Stadium | |
| March 31 | |
| six | |
| Silk | |
| Panathinaiko Stadium | |
| March 24 | |
| Panathinaiko Stadium | |
| March 31 | |
| Mount Everest | |
| hundreds | |
| hundreds | |
| changed or shortened | |
| Chinese security officials | |
| Chinese government | |
| supporters | |
| counter-protesters | |
| overseas Chinese and foreign-based Chinese nationals | |
| skirmishes | |
| Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia | |
| Jacques Rogge | |
| Tibetan | |
| scrap global relays | |
| Jacques Rogge | |
| expelled | |
| Jacques Rogge | |
| cancelling the relay | |
| Paralympic Games | |
| Paralympic Games | |
| Lucky Cloud | |
| aluminum | |
| 985 grams | |
| An ignition key | |
| Lucky Cloud | |
| aluminum | |
| 37 mile per hour | |
| 50 millimetres (2 inches) | |
| cans of propane | |
| Air China | |
| red and yellow | |
| March 2008 | |
| 130 | |
| Air A330 | |
| red and yellow | |
| Air China | |
| 130 | |
| 21 countries and regions | |
| six | |
| Taipei | |
| Hong Kong and Macau | |
| March 2008 to May 2008 | |
| Beijing and Taipei | |
| Beijing and Taipei | |
| 24 | |
| March 24, 2008 | |
| Olympia, Greece | |
| Maria Nafpliotou | |
| Maria Nafplio | |
| March 30, 2008 | |
| Olympia, Greece | |
| Maria Nafpliotou | |
| silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics in taekwondo Alexandros Nikolaidis | |
| Alexandros Nikolaidis | |
| Nepal | |
| French hypermart Carrefour | |
| LVMH Group | |
| French flags | |
| Kunming | |
| LVMH Group | |
| censorship | |
| hypermart Carrefour | |
| People's Daily | |
| the People's Daily | |
| legal | |
| Almaty | |
| Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev | |
| President of Kazakhstan | |
| Astana Square | |
| Uighur | |
| Kazakhstan | |
| Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev | |
| 20 km | |
| Uighur | |
| April 3 | |
| Taksim Square | |
| Sultanahmet Square | |
| Uyghurs | |
| Istanbul | |
| Sultanahmet Square | |
| Taksim Square | |
| Uyghurs | |
| arrested by the police | |
| April 5 | |
| Victory Square | |
| Palace Square | |
| Fedor Emelianenko | |
| Victory Square | |
| Victory Square | |
| Palace | |
| Fedor Emelianenko | |
| Great Britain | |
| April 6 | |
| £750,000 | |
| Great Britain | |
| Wembley Stadium | |
| O2 Arena | |
| 30 mi | |
| manhandling protesters, were described by both the London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe, chairman of the London Olympic Committee as "thugs" | |
| 80 | |
| Sir Redgrave | |
| Richard Vaughan | |
| Prime Minister Gordon Brown | |
| Sir Redgrave | |
| 80 | |
| Francesca Martinez and Richard Vaughan | |
| 10 Downing Street | |
| Ladbroke Grove | |
| April 7 | |
| Eiffel Tower | |
| bus | |
| Teddy Riner | |
| April 7 | |
| Paris | |
| Eiffel Tower | |
| 3,000 | |
| five | |
| Green Party officials | |
| Jin Jing | |
| Angel in Wheelchair | |
| torch relay ceremony | |
| Jin Jing | |
| Jin Jing | |
| Green Party officials | |
| Reporters Without Borders | |
| Eiffel Tower | |
| Notre Dame | |
| protest banner | |
| Reporters Without Borders | |
| the Notre Dame cathedral | |
| Trocadéro | |
| Jane Birkin | |
| Thupten Gyatso | |
| Trocadéro | |
| a peaceful protest | |
| Jane Birkin | |
| freedom of speech | |
| the National Assembly's session | |
| "Respect for Human Rights in China" | |
| "Freedom for Tibet!" | |
| Parliament | |
| the National Assembly | |
| spect for Human Rights in China | |
| "Freedom for Tibet!" | |
| confiscating Tibetan flags | |
| Libération | |
| Trocadéro | |
| Michèle Alliot-Marie | |
| confiscating Tibetan flags | |
| Trocadéro | |
| Minister of the Interior Michèle Alliot-Marie | |
| a police officer | |
| McCovey Cove | |
| April 9 | |
| Lin Li | |
| San Francisco International Airport, where the torch was to leave for Buenos Aires | |
| Peter Ueberroth | |
| San Francisco, California | |
| April 9 | |
| Norman Bellingham | |
| Justin Herman Plaza | |
| San Francisco Board of Supervisors | |
| human rights abuses | |
| April 8 | |
| April 1, 2008 | |
| San Francisco Board of Supervisors | |
| United Nations Plaza | |
| Richard Gere | |
| suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge | |
| KPIX-CBS5 | |
| China | |
| Golden Gate Bridge | |
| Laurel Sutherlin | |
| five supporters | |
| three activists and five supporters | |
| warehouse on a waterfront pier | |
| Andrew Michael | |
| Andrew Michael | |
| San Francisco International Airport | |
| Justin Herman Plaza | |
| waterfront pier | |
| April 11 | |
| Lola Mora amphitheatre | |
| Mauricio Macri | |
| Lola Mora amphitheatre | |
| Lola Mora amphitheatre | |
| Mauricio Macri | |
| Carlos Espínola | |
| confetti | |
| Carcavallo | |
| from the Obelisk to the city hall | |
| Free Tibet | |
| Jorge Carcavallo | |
| the city hall | |
| Human Rights Torch | |
| Free Tibet | |
| Human Rights Torch Relay | |
| Susan Prager | |
| "Friends of Falun Gong" | |
| Diego Maradona | |
| 1200 | |
| water balloons | |
| "Friends of Falun Gong" | |
| Diego Maradona | |
| 1200 | |
| water balloons | |
| peaceful | |
| Tanzania | |
| April 13 | |
| at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway | |
| Tanzania | |
| TAZARA Railway | |
| Tanzania | |
| Tanzania | |
| Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein | |
| Muscat | |
| April 14 | |
| Sulaf Fawakherji | |
| Muscat | |
| 20 km | |
| Sulaf Fawakherji | |
| April 16 | |
| Jinnah Stadium | |
| Pervez Musharraf | |
| a stadium | |
| Jinnah Stadium | |
| April 17 | |
| 70 | |
| Baichung Bhutia | |
| five | |
| India Gate | |
| 1.5 | |
| five | |
| five | |
| Baichung Bhutia | |
| terrorist targets | |
| protesters | |
| Kamal Nath | |
| Kamal Nath | |
| 2 am | |
| Republic Day | |
| terrorist targets | |
| 150,000 | |
| democracy | |
| India | |
| 150,000 | |
| protests | |
| Holy Flame Protection Unit | |
| relations | |
| Tibetan government in exile | |
| Kiran Bedi | |
| Indian Police Service (IPS) | |
| Soha Ali Khan | |
| April 16 | |
| Kiran Bedi | |
| Soha Ali Khan | |
| Delhi | |
| the police | |
| caged woman | |
| April 18 | |
| M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse | |
| Embassy | |
| April 18 | |
| 10 | |
| foreign protesters | |
| Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakra | |
| April 21 | |
| Kuala Lumpur | |
| Independence Square | |
| 1964 Tokyo edition | |
| Independence Square | |
| Petronas Twin Towers | |
| 1964 | |
| 1000 personnel | |
| Falun Gong | |
| Falun Gong | |
| Malaysian citizenship | |
| "Taiwan and Tibet belong to China." | |
| placards | |
| April | |
| Chinese embassy | |
| journalists | |
| Islamabad | |
| 20 | |
| security worries | |
| the city main's stadium | |
| outside the stadium | |
| April 24 | |
| Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea | |
| peace and welcome | |
| Australian and Chinese officials | |
| Canberra, Australian Capital Territory | |
| 16 | |
| Canberra, Australian Capital Territory | |
| Australian Federal Police | |
| Agnes Shea | |
| People's Liberation Army personnel | |
| our sacred torch | |
| Tony Goh | |
| Stephen Smith | |
| People's Liberation Army personnel | |
| Australian police | |
| Tony Goh | |
| Zhang Rongan | |
| Stephen Smith | |
| Lin Hatfield Dodds | |
| Stephen Smith | |
| Lin Hatfield Dodds | |
| Stephen Smith | |
| Ted Quinlan | |
| between 2,000 and 10,000 | |
| Australia | |
| Ian Thorpe | |
| between 2,000 and 10,000 | |
| between 2,000 and 10,000 | |
| Ted Quinlan | |
| Jon Stanhope | |
| Japan | |
| April 26 | |
| Nagano Sports Park | |
| 1998 Winter Olympics | |
| Zenkō-ji | |
| Zenkō-ji | |
| two | |
| Seoul | |
| April 27 | |
| Olympic Park | |
| Chinese students | |
| Seoul | |
| 1988 Summer Games | |
| April 28 | |
| Kim Yong Nam | |
| Pak Du Ik | |
| the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower | |
| Pyongyang | |
| April 28 | |
| pink paper flowers | |
| Pak Du Ik | |
| a propaganda s | |
| against human rights | |
| UNICEF | |
| staff | |
| raising awareness of conditions for children | |
| North Korea | |
| April 29 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City | |
| 60 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City | |
| the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium | |
| Ho Chi Minh City | |
| Spratly and Paracel Islands | |
| Sansha | |
| Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh | |
| Nguyen T.n Dũng | |
| seven | |
| Đi Cày | |
| Minh Phiếu | |
| seven anti-China protestors | |
| . | |
| tax evasion | |
| Minh Phiếu | |
| disputed islands | |
| May 2 | |
| Lee Lai Shan | |
| Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui | |
| Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai | |
| 120 torchbearers | |
| May 2 | |
| Chief Executive Donald Tsang | |
| dragon boat | |
| 120 | |
| pro-Beijing camp politicians | |
| novelty inflatable plastic flames | |
| Tiananmen Square protests | |
| Christina Chan | |
| Christina Chan | |
| claiming her human rights were breached | |
| democracy | |
| Leung Kwok-hung | |
| Tibetan snow lion flag | |
| Color Orange democracy group | |
| Pillar of Shame | |
| "immigration reasons" | |
| Mia Farrow | |
| two systems | |
| Color Orange democracy group | |
| Pillar of Shame | |
| "immigration reasons" | |
| Mia Farrow | |
| May 3 | |
| Macau Fisherman's Wharf | |
| 120 | |
| Olympic torch | |
| non-athletes | |
| May 3 | |
| 120 | |
| Olympic torch | |
| Stanley Ho | |
| Macao Daily News | |
| cyberctm.com | |
| chbbs | |
| Macau resident | |
| cyberctm.com | |
| head of Telecommunications Regulation | |
| May 4 | |
| Jackie Chan | |
| May 4 | |
| April | |
| International Olympic Committee (IOC) officials | |
| Jackie Chan | |
| partial and censored | |
| biased | |
| Libération | |
| coverage of the events by the media | |
| censored | |
| Reporters Without Borders | |
| Libération | |
| saboteurs | |
| disruptive protesters | |
| relay spectators | |
| Marie-José Pérec | |
| "radicals" | |
| Marie-José Pérec | |
| Xinhua | |
| spirit of Olympics | |
| sports and politics | |
| spirit of Olympics | |
| sports and politics | |
| Fu Ying | |
| Libération | |
| Western media bias | |
| Fu Ying | |
| The Daily Telegraph | |
| Libération | |
| Xinhua the U.S.-based Cable News Network (CNN) | |
| Xinhua the U.S.-based Cable News Network (CNN) | |
| the Chinese government | |
| "The challenges of reporting in China" | |
| Paul Danahar | |
| 1,300 | |
| Paul Danahar | |
| Tibet | |
| the People's Daily | |
| the People's Daily | |
| an anti-CNN website | |
| a Beijing citizen | |
| Beijing citizen | |
| foreign correspondents in Beijing | |
| 30 unarmed attendants | |
| August 2007 | |
| matching blue tracksuits | |
| Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee | |
| 30 unarmed attendants | |
| August 2007 | |
| matching blue tracksuits | |
| "Second Right Brother," | |
| hypermart Carrefour | |
| LVMH Group | |
| the Dalai Lama | |
| French flags | |
| LVMH Group | |
| anti-Chinese racism | |
| anti-Japanese | |
| People's Daily | |
| Sohu.com | |
| May 1 | |
| anti-Japanese | |
| People's Daily | |
| censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com | |
| May 1 | |
| Shoichi Washizawa | |
| great nuisance | |
| a major Buddhist temple in Nagano | |
| Shoichi Washizawa | |
| great nuisance | |
| Olympic torch relay | |
| alight in a set of 8 lanterns | |
| the Torch is extinguished | |
| Hong Kong legislator | |
| Jin Jing | |
| Western media | |
| Two | |
| 40 attendants | |
| popularized modern mathematical logic | |
| encapsulate mathematics | |
| Kurt Gödel | |
| any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics | |
| popularized modern mathematical logic | |
| 1931 | |
| encapsulate mathematics | |
| Whitehead and Russell's book | |
| metaphysics | |
| Aims of Education | |
| disconnected scraps of information | |
| inert ideas is, above all things, harmful." | |
| 1929 | |
| 1912 and 1927 | |
| 1929 | |
| numerous essays and addresses | |
| "inert ideas" | |
| few important concepts | |
| organically link to many different areas of knowledge | |
| transdisciplinary | |
| laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom | |
| few important concepts | |
| different areas of knowledge | |
| multidisciplinary, value-free school model | |
| undergraduate | |
| rank amateur | |
| one of the 20th century's foremost | |
| Bertrand Russell | |
| philosopher | |
| friend and former student Bertrand Russell | |
| rank amateur | |
| rank amateur | |
| "philosophy and science are to make any real progress | |
| how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress | |
| metaphysical investigations | |
| essential to both good science and good philosophy | |
| metaphysical assumptions about how the universe | |
| unexamined and unquestioned | |
| how the universe works | |
| metaphysical investigations | |
| reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter | |
| an event-based or "process" ontology | |
| philosophy of organism | |
| against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. | |
| philosophy of organism | |
| Cartesian | |
| an event-based or "process" ontology | |
| process philosophy | |
| experiential | |
| process philosophy | |
| Whitehead | |
| "quality", "matter", and "class" | |
| cause abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks | |
| a single person | |
| a continuum of overlapping events | |
| abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks | |
| change | |
| "classical" | |
| "society" of events | |
| a continuum of overlapping events | |
| discrete "occasions of experience" | |
| "defining essence" or a "core identity" | |
| the same through time | |
| qualitative and secondary to their core identity | |
| discrete "occasions of experience" | |
| time and space | |
| "all things flow" | |
| people define identities | |
| limitations of language | |
| philosophically or ontologically | |
| limitations of language | |
| not philosophically or ontologically sound | |
| hardly | |
| limitations of language | |
| fundamentally the same things | |
| an inert clump of matter | |
| separate in time and space | |
| any object is simply an inert clump of matter | |
| primary | |
| obscures the importance of relations | |
| material | |
| distinct and discrete | |
| externally | |
| entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities | |
| forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it | |
| really exist | |
| its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it | |
| nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities | |
| not related to any other entity | |
| they are what the thing is | |
| its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it | |
| conform to it | |
| Europe and China | |
| William Temple | |
| Temple's Gifford Lectures | |
| political struggle and spirituality | |
| ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology | |
| University of Chicago's Divinity School | |
| Henry Wieman | |
| John B. Cobb, Jr. | |
| Wieman, Charles Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland | |
| Claremont | |
| modernization and industrialization | |
| Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism | |
| process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin | |
| Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence of humanity and nature | |
| assertion that matter is an abstraction | |
| his metaphysical ideas seeming somewhat counter-intuitive | |
| passé, or simply the sheer difficulty and density of his prose. | |
| influential | |
| American pragmatism | |
| William James and John Dewey | |
| Nicholas Rescher | |
| Charles Sanders Peirce | |
| Richard Rorty | |
| severely criticized | |
| Stapp and David Bohm | |
| rendered obsolete | |
| phena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space | |
| a local approximation | |
| Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order | |
| Theology of Ecology | |
| For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future | |
| Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy | |
| Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy | |
| Xie Bangxiu | |
| Flexible-goals, Engaged-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher | |
| understanding and evaluating educational curriculum | |
| the Institute for the Postmodern Development of China | |
| Mark Dibben | |
| Applied process thought | |
| philosophy of management and business ethics | |
| philosophy of business administration and organizational theory | |
| comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing | |
| 1910s and early 1920s | |
| metaphysics | |
| processes | |
| reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another | |
| Process and Reality | |
| metaphysical system | |
| metaphysics | |
| metaphysics | |
| metaphysical | |
| processes | |
| Ramsgate, Kent, England | |
| 1861 | |
| Thomas Whitehead | |
| minister and schoolmaster | |
| Maria Sarah Whitehead | |
| Ramsgate, Kent, England | |
| 1861 | |
| minister and schoolmaster | |
| Maria Sarah Whitehead | |
| Evelyn | |
| University of London | |
| Dean of the Faculty of Science | |
| chairman of the Senate's Academic (leadership) | |
| 1924 | |
| Bachelor of Science | |
| 1918 | |
| Dean of the Faculty of Science | |
| University of London | |
| 1924 | |
| Victor Lowe | |
| all of his papers be destroyed | |
| most fanatical belief in the right to privacy | |
| "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him." | |
| two volume | |
| Victor Lowe | |
| all of his papers be destroyed | |
| writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight | |
| Principia Mathematica | |
| Bertrand Russell | |
| professional mathematicians | |
| Principia Mathematica | |
| one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century | |
| mathematics | |
| three | |
| Bertrand Russell | |
| Principia Mathematica | |
| 1910 | |
| expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class | |
| the comparative study of their several structures | |
| the comparative study of their several structures | |
| expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class | |
| a unity of design | |
| their several structures | |
| ten years | |
| ten years | |
| there is likely no major academic library in the world | |
| the Royal Society of London | |
| no major academic library in the world | |
| ten years | |
| ten years | |
| more than 2,000 pages | |
| more than 2,000 pages | |
| Cambridge University Press | |
| the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon | |
| Gifford | |
| Process and Reality | |
| professional philosophers | |
| Process and Reality | |
| 1927–28 | |
| the most difficult to understand | |
| negatively | |
| fully grasping all of the details and implications | |
| Nelson Wieman | |
| brilliant | |
| Mathews | |
| Chicago's Divinity School | |
| 1927 | |
| Henry Nelson Wieman | |
| Chicago's Divinity School | |
| the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century | |
| little-read and little-understood | |
| dearly held assumptions | |
| Process and Reality | |
| Isabelle Stengers | |
| how the universe works, | |
| scientific and philosophical problems | |
| provide novel solutions | |
| creativity is the absolute principle of existence | |
| reaction to them | |
| consciousness | |
| faulty understanding or inadequate technology | |
| creativity | |
| valuation | |
| creativity is the absolute principle of existence | |
| Latin prehensio | |
| the mind only has private ideas about other entities | |
| self-conscious beings | |
| Latin | |
| to seize." | |
| people as well as electrons | |
| two | |
| to seize." | |
| causal efficacy | |
| causal efficacy (or "physical prehension") | |
| causal relations between entities | |
| pure appearance | |
| causal efficacy | |
| Presentational immediacy | |
| delusive | |
| the experience dominating the primitive living organisms | |
| pure sense perception | |
| sense perceptions | |
| symbolic reference | |
| the causal relationships | |
| causation | |
| a higher grade mentality | |
| a fusion of pure sense perceptions | |
| looks up, sees a colored shape, and immediately infers that it is a chair | |
| not have jumped to the notion of a chair | |
| have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair | |
| comparatively deficient in survival value | |
| actively engaged in modifying their environment | |
| increasing its own satisfaction | |
| increasing its own satisfaction | |
| survival value | |
| modifying their environment | |
| three-fold | |
| increasing its own satisfaction | |
| unintelligible | |
| "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." | |
| divine king who imposes his will on the world | |
| "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar." | |
| primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world | |
| Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion | |
| the primordial nature of God | |
| the consequent nature | |
| a "dipolar" entity | |
| springing primarily from religious faith | |
| God saves the world as it passes into the reception of the world's activity | |
| saves and cherishes | |
| a tenderness | |
| change the way God interacts with the world. | |
| God saves and cherishes all experiences | |
| deficient in actuality | |
| fulfilling one another | |
| fulfilling one another | |
| fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence | |
| Whitehead by taking them into God's self | |
| individual | |
| "religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness... | |
| a system of general truths | |
| a religion might encourage the violent extermination of a rival religion's adherents | |
| solitariness | |
| the value of the objective world | |
| the universe is a community | |
| universal claim | |
| mutually dependent | |
| Claremont | |
| Bruno Latour | |
| Claremont | |
| Willard Van Orman Quine | |
| he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher | |
| American progressive theology | |
| Charles Hartshorne | |
| full-blown process theology | |
| John B. Cobb, Jr. | |
| God's relational nature | |
| sufferer who understands | |
| praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers | |
| the being who can most appropriately respond to the world. | |
| naturalism | |
| biology and economics | |
| postcolonialist, and feminist theory | |
| geneticist | |
| Franklin I. Gamwell | |
| process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests | |
| ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion | |
| philosophy | |
| bridge between philosophy and the emotions | |
| make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people | |
| organizational theory | |
| sharing an ontology | |
| Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration | |
| continue to invest client funds in over-priced (under-yielding) investments | |
| a global glut | |
| Professional investment managers | |
| maximize their compensation | |
| maintain their assets under management | |
| Countrywide Financial | |
| July 11, 2008 | |
| IndyMac | |
| IndyMac Bank | |
| Mac Bancorp | |
| April 2008 | |
| 9.27% | |
| $160 million | |
| Moody's | |
| mum 10% risk-based capital ratio | |
| Charles Schumer | |
| Deposit Insurance Corporation | |
| $7 billion | |
| June 30 | |
| $500 million | |
| $1.55 billion | |
| 7.5% | |
| $10.7 billion | |
| Charles Schumer | |
| unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated | |
| IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB | |
| US$100,000 | |
| 10,000 | |
| July 11, 2008 | |
| July 14, 2008 | |
| Over 100 | |
| Bear Stearns | |
| September and October 2008 | |
| Oct. 6, 2008 | |
| Lehman Brothers | |
| money market funds | |
| commercial paper issued by corporations | |
| September 2008 | |
| $144.5 billion | |
| 4.65% | |
| shadow banking system | |
| the shadow banking system | |
| investor funds | |
| Economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary | |
| one-third | |
| collapse of the shadow banking system | |
| Brookings Institution | |
| securitization | |
| capital | |
| more than a quarter | |
| 45% | |
| 20% | |
| $13 trillion | |
| $8.8 trillion | |
| serious default risk | |
| loss of close to $6 trillion in housing wealth | |
| Tens of millions | |
| their future profits | |
| worse | |
| global economic collapse | |
| UBS | |
| three quarters | |
| Iceland’s banking collapse | |
| capital injection | |
| more than a third | |
| 14.4% | |
| 21.5% | |
| Brookings Institution | |
| a recession in the U.S. | |
| more than 10% | |
| $251 billion | |
| 300,000 | |
| provide a sound economic policymaking and good governance | |
| falls in trade, commodity prices, investment | |
| the Arab World | |
| Foreign Direct Investment | |
| the global downturn | |
| lower oil prices | |
| lower oil prices | |
| 10.1% | |
| 33 | |
| 6% | |
| 1983 | |
| patent applications | |
| faulty risk-weightings | |
| financial engineering | |
| Basel III regulations | |
| Norberg | |
| capital ratios | |
| June 2009 | |
| June 2009 | |
| 2008 | |
| Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over | |
| January 27, 2010 | |
| Advanced economies | |
| 69% | |
| "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP | |
| 31% | |
| Advanced economies | |
| Krugman's | |
| December 2010 | |
| 2006 | |
| commercial mortgage-backed securities | |
| commercial real estate | |
| collateralized debt obligation | |
| $70 trillion | |
| doubled | |
| mortgage-backed security | |
| Treasury bonds | |
| collateralized debt obligation | |
| investment-grade ratings | |
| investment-grade ratings | |
| single pool | |
| Securities with lower priority | |
| over 20% | |
| mid-2006 | |
| 1.3 million | |
| 81% | |
| 14.4% | |
| 1.0% | |
| to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble | |
| housing | |
| excessive credit growth | |
| Lower interest rates | |
| $650 billion | |
| 5.8% | |
| Asia and oil-exporting nations | |
| capital account | |
| the U.S. | |
| July 2004 | |
| adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) | |
| inversely | |
| raised the Fed funds rate significantly | |
| declined in value | |
| Consumspondent Lending Group for Citigroup | |
| 220 professional underwriters | |
| 60% | |
| 1,600 | |
| 80% | |
| Clayton Holdings | |
| over 900,000 | |
| 23 | |
| 28% | |
| 900,000 | |
| Predatory lending | |
| Countrywide Financial | |
| adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) | |
| negative amortization | |
| bait-switch | |
| California Attorney General Jerry Brown | |
| adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) | |
| disappeared | |
| the Office of Thrift Supervision | |
| adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) | |
| Paul Krugman | |
| Timothy Geithner | |
| OECD | |
| regulatory framework | |
| Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices | |
| highly leveraged | |
| complex | |
| government bailouts | |
| bankruptcy | |
| off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives | |
| five | |
| a financial shock | |
| capital requirements | |
| $4.1 trillion | |
| Lehman Brothers | |
| sa (or pay down debt) | |
| thrift | |
| deepen a recession | |
| Hyman Minsky | |
| debt relative to equity | |
| Janet Yellen | |
| demand and employment fell | |
| recession | |
| cancelling planned investments | |
| balance sheet deleveraging | |
| financial innovation | |
| adjustable-rate mortgage | |
| CDS | |
| mortgage-backed securities (MBS) | |
| expanded dramatically | |
| Q1 2007 | |
| $20 billion | |
| $180 billion | |
| 36% | |
| $20 billion | |
| boom in innovative financial products | |
| multiplied the number of actors connected to a single mortgage | |
| indirect information | |
| FICO scores on creditworthiness | |
| adequate to what actually happened in 2006–2008 | |
| interest rates or fees | |
| pricing of risk | |
| transparency about banks' risk exposures | |
| straightforward, readily understandable format | |
| disruptive | |
| risk inherent with financial innovation | |
| its impact on the overall stability | |
| 32 cents on the dollar | |
| five cents for every dollar | |
| $450bn | |
| AIG | |
| CDS | |
| September 2008 | |
| $180 billion | |
| a premium | |
| George Soros | |
| financial assets became more complex | |
| the originators of synthetic products | |
| the rating agencies | |
| the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators | |
| World Scientific | |
| 2006 | |
| Merrill Lynch | |
| copula limitations | |
| 2006 | |
| Timothy Geithner | |
| 2009 | |
| "parallel" banking system | |
| shadow banking system | |
| maturity mismatch | |
| spring of 2007 | |
| fall of 2008 | |
| More than a third | |
| Brookings Institution | |
| a number | |
| Mark Zandi | |
| securitization markets | |
| $2 trillion | |
| less than $150 billion | |
| the Federal Reserve's TALF program | |
| Rapid increases | |
| tripled from $50 to $147 | |
| plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold | |
| speculative flow of money from housing | |
| gasoline | |
| Michael Greenberger | |
| Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP | |
| Goldman Sachs, Morgan and BP | |
| Michael Greenberger | |
| London and New York | |
| Ailsa McKay | |
| mainstream economics | |
| feminist economics and ecological | |
| a reshaping | |
| Raghuram Rajan | |
| 2005 | |
| at a celebration honouring Alan Greenspan | |
| "Has Financial Development Made the World Riskier?" | |
| tail risks | |
| Raghuram Rajan | |
| Great moderation | |
| Dirk Bezemer | |
| a vindication | |
| Alan Greenspan | |
| BusinessWeek | |
| Great Depression | |
| Wharton School | |
| Nouriel Roubini | |
| Dr. Doom | |
| Nassim Nicholas Taleb | |
| David Brooks | |
| the breakdown of the banking system | |
| banking stocks | |
| Phil Dow | |
| 50% | |
| 54.7% | |
| Floyd Norris | |
| Northern Rock | |
| the Bank of England | |
| mid-September 2007 | |
| February 2008 | |
| Northern Rock | |
| borrower’s income or assets | |
| Appraisals | |
| poor credit histories | |
| borrowers with poor credit histories | |
| regulate its involvement | |
| half | |
| 77 | |
| 77 | |
| 50 | |
| half of the poorest families | |
| the European Commission at Brussels | |
| 0.1% | |
| 0.1% | |
| the IMF | |
| 3% | |
| expand money supplies | |
| enacted large fiscal stimulus packages | |
| lender-of-last-resort | |
| broadening the set of institutions with access to liquidity | |
| self-reinforcing decline in global consumption | |
| credit freeze | |
| US$2.5 trillion | |
| $1.5 trillion | |
| Joseph Stiglitz | |
| spending the money in more profitable areas | |
| a series of regulatory proposals | |
| executive pay | |
| proprietary trading | |
| Paul Volcker | |
| Paul Volcker | |
| May 2010 | |
| December 2009 | |
| Volcker Rule | |
| Senate bill | |
| bailout of banks | |
| trillions of U.S. dollars | |
| August 9, 2007 | |
| 2012 | |
| BNP Paribas | |
| 2004 | |
| 2009 | |
| escalate | |
| subprime borrowers | |
| capital holdings | |
| Levin–Coburn Report | |
| Glass-Steagall Act | |
| The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission | |
| credit rating agencies | |
| regulatory practices | |
| mortgage-backed securities | |
| collateralized debt obligations | |
| major global financial institutions | |
| institutions and investors around the world | |
| mortgage payments and housing prices | |
| trillions | |
| enter foreclosure | |
| 2006 | |
| loan types | |
| foreclosure epidemic | |
| investment banks and hedge funds | |
| commercial (depository) banks | |
| financialization | |
| deregulation to encourage business | |
| U.S. Government policy | |
| loan defaults or MBS losses | |
| financial institutions to lend | |
| central banks | |
| Governments | |
| MBS losses | |
| January 2011 | |
| widespread failures in financial regulation | |
| Federal Reserve | |
| key policy makers | |
| financial firms | |
| the supply of creditworthy borrowers | |
| 2003 | |
| 2004–2006 | |
| 2004–2006 | |
| conservative government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) | |
| six Democratic appointees | |
| Paul Krugman | |
| affordable housing | |
| GSE loans | |
| 3 of the 4 | |
| 13 million | |
| $2 trillion | |
| Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac | |
| HUD | |
| 6 ex-executives | |
| the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) | |
| Bush administration | |
| September 10, 2003 | |
| a hearing | |
| House Financial Services Committee | |
| $467 billion | |
| 10% | |
| Community Reinvestment Act | |
| 25% | |
| 25% | |
| 1995 | |
| $4.5 trillion | |
| high-interest-rate loans (3 percentage points over average) equal “subprime” loans | |
| “prime” | |
| September 11, 2001 | |
| credit default swaps | |
| derivatives | |
| portfolio Magazine | |
| credit default swaps | |
| credit default swaps | |
| substandard loans – generally with low or no downpayments | |
| low or no downpayments | |
| it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans | |
| 1997–2006 | |
| Countering Krugman | |
| 160 mi | |
| St. Barthélemy | |
| Renaissance Islands | |
| Renaissance Islands | |
| Île Toc Vers | |
| Saint-Barthélemoise | |
| French | |
| 500–700 | |
| French is the native tongue | |
| geographically, and not racially | |
| (separately) to the neighbouring Saint Martin | |
| five years | |
| March 2012 | |
| 15 July 2007 | |
| nineteen | |
| September 2014 | |
| European Union | |
| One | |
| 2008 | |
| six | |
| Agricultural production | |
| Sweet potato | |
| potato | |
| fishing | |
| port of Gustavia | |
| the rich and famous | |
| 200,000 | |
| €61,200,000 | |
| wealth generated by wealthy tourists | |
| airplane | |
| 25 | |
| 58 | |
| Portugal | |
| 12 | |
| 400 | |
| Coconut palm | |
| eastern | |
| several hundred | |
| mangroves | |
| Pacific islands | |
| aloe vera | |
| cereus | |
| South America | |
| 1773 | |
| barbary fig | |
| May | |
| December till May | |
| Turtles | |
| jellyfish | |
| amidst tall sea grasses | |
| pearly-pink | |
| marine aquafauna | |
| close to the shore line in shallow waters | |
| garbage and sewerage | |
| garbage and sewerage | |
| 1.200 ha | |
| sea turtles | |
| Anchoring | |
| the Reserve Naturelle | |
| coral reefs | |
| the Swedes | |
| Gustav Adolph | |
| 1787 | |
| gendarmerie | |
| La Pointe | |
| over 70 | |
| St. Barthélemy | |
| "les petit creux" | |
| spicier | |
| gastronomic | |
| every alternate year | |
| Concarneau in Brittany, France | |
| boats of 10 m length with a single hull | |
| 10 m length with a single hull | |
| two sailors | |
| St. Barthélemy | |
| commercial jet airliner | |
| Sint Maarten: Princess Juliana International Airport | |
| Sint Maarten | |
| Gustaf III Airport | |
| France | |
| Saint-Barth | |
| St. Barth in French | |
| Ouanalao | |
| to the west in the Greater Antilles | |
| volcanic island | |
| 9,035 | |
| Gustavia | |
| France | |
| the winter season | |
| Saint Barthélemy | |
| 2003 | |
| 2007 | |
| The Hotel de Ville | |
| A senator | |
| Grande Saline Bay | |
| small vessels | |
| coral reef | |
| shallow | |
| a marine reserve | |
| as many as 22 | |
| 15 are considered suitable for swimming | |
| leward side (calm waters protected by the island itself) | |
| windward side | |
| windsurfing | |
| essentially arid | |
| 2,500 | |
| 1000 mm | |
| November | |
| 13 °C | |
| 1744 | |
| 1785 | |
| "Carénage" | |
| Gustavia | |
| Caribbean war | |
| Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy | |
| Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy | |
| Gustavia | |
| British | |
| Creole houses | |
| molecular biology and genetics | |
| DNA (or RNA in RNA | |
| DNA (or RNA in RNA | |
| Hans Winkler | |
| 1920 | |
| University of Hamburg, Germany | |
| gene and chromosome | |
| half the number | |
| meiosis | |
| mitochondria and chloroplasts | |
| genomics | |
| single genes or groups of genes | |
| chromosomes | |
| C-value paradox | |
| protozoan | |
| 60,000 | |
| three times as many as in the genome | |
| Walter Fiers | |
| RNA-genome (Bacteriophage MS2) | |
| The Institute for Genomic Research | |
| The Institute for Genomic Research | |
| 1996 | |
| US National Institutes of Health | |
| Neanderthal | |
| puffer fish | |
| December 2013 | |
| 130,000-year | |
| massive sequencing | |
| Manteia Predictive Medicine | |
| James D. Watson | |
| the structure of DNA | |
| a genome sequence | |
| The Human Genome Project | |
| Weissenbach | |
| Genoscope in Paris | |
| Genome composition | |
| repetitive DNA | |
| prokaryotes and eukaryotes | |
| exon-intron | |
| mammals and plants | |
| pathogenic microbe | |
| pathogenic microbe | |
| chromosomes | |
| plants, protozoa and animals | |
| plastome | |
| mitochondrial genome | |
| Genome size | |
| morphological complexity | |
| mollusks | |
| bare minimum | |
| single cell organisms | |
| Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes | |
| increasing | |
| genome size | |
| fruit fly | |
| Higher eukaryotes | |
| no more than 20% | |
| tandem repeats and interspersed repeats | |
| proportion | |
| interspersed repeats | |
| satellite DNA and microsatellites | |
| interspersed repeats | |
| transposable elements (TEs) | |
| transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome | |
| transposons | |
| DNA transposons | |
| RNA | |
| cut and paste | |
| RNA | |
| chromosome number (karyotype) | |
| chromos number | |
| Duplications | |
| genetic novelty | |
| Horizontal gene transfer | |
| eukaryotic cells | |
| chloroplast and mitochondrial | |
| comprehensive school | |
| selective school | |
| England and Wales | |
| 90% | |
| Gesamtschule | |
| design and technology and vocational learning | |
| Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges | |
| City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools | |
| 164 | |
| 1965 | |
| "neighbourhood" | |
| Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges | |
| the 1970s | |
| 7–9 | |
| comprehensive school | |
| remedial courses | |
| Realschuleabschluss or the Abitur | |
| 50% | |
| 50% | |
| Höheschule | |
| Sekundarschule | |
| 2010 | |
| college preparatory | |
| Abitur | |
| Mittelschule | |
| grade inflation | |
| Sigrid Beer | |
| Sigrid Beer (Alliance '90/The Greens) | |
| Christian Democratic Union | |
| Alliance '90/The Greens | |
| working class students | |
| middle class peers | |
| Hauptschule | |
| Helmut Fend | |
| tripartite | |
| 1972 | |
| to complete their A-levels | |
| A-levels | |
| 1966 | |
| Patrick Hillery | |
| vocational school system | |
| community school concept | |
| 1970s | |
| The state | |
| denominational basis of the schools | |
| Community colleges | |
| 1946 | |
| London County Council | |
| Holyhead County School | |
| 1949 | |
| Woodlands Boys School in Coventry | |
| Anthony Crosland, Secretary of State for Education in the 1964–1970 Labour government | |
| Secretary of State for Education | |
| Secondary technical schools | |
| Margaret Thatcher | |
| comprehensive | |
| Conservative government | |
| 1975 | |
| large neighbourhood comprehensives | |
| Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands | |
| Labour prime minister James Callaghan | |
| Comprehensive school | |
| Labour | |
| Education Reform Act | |
| 1988 | |
| 'specialisation' | |
| league tables of school performance | |
| publicly funded | |
| specialist schools | |
| 2005 | |
| Scotland | |
| England and Wales | |
| République du Congo | |
| Central African Republic | |
| Gabon | |
| Cameroon | |
| Central Africa | |
| Bantu | |
| 1960 | |
| Bantu-speaking tribes | |
| President Denis Sassou | |
| fourth largest | |
| oil revenues | |
| Pygmy | |
| 1500 BC | |
| the Pygmy | |
| Dio Cão | |
| Portuguese | |
| commodities, manufactured goods | |
| 19th century | |
| Bantu societies | |
| 1880 | |
| Pierre de Brazza | |
| Middle Congo | |
| French Equatorial Africa (AEF) | |
| 14,000 | |
| Brazzaville | |
| The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 | |
| 1946 | |
| the Fourth Republic | |
| 1958 | |
| the AEF | |
| Republic of the Congo | |
| 1959 | |
| August 15, 1960 | |
| Fulbert Youlou | |
| Fulbert Youlou | |
| Fulbert Youlou | |
| Fulbert Youlou | |
| Massamba-Débat | |
| socialism | |
| Cuban | |
| September 1968 | |
| Marien Ngouabi | |
| Congolese Labour Party (PCT) | |
| Congolese Labour Party (PCT) | |
| 1972 | |
| March 16, 1977 | |
| the Eastern Bloc | |
| Soviet Union | |
| dictatorship | |
| political repression | |
| Pascal Lissouba | |
| IMF | |
| civil war | |
| structural adjustment facility | |
| Lissouba and Sassou | |
| Cobras | |
| Angolan | |
| October | |
| Milongo | |
| seven years | |
| January 2002 | |
| April 2003 | |
| Sassou | |
| Congolese Observatory of Human Rights | |
| "very low" | |
| multi-party | |
| Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail) | |
| Parti Congolais du Travail | |
| corruption revelations | |
| French | |
| March 27, 2015 | |
| a third consecutive term | |
| the government | |
| one | |
| 10 small private television channels | |
| Bantus | |
| indigenous peoples | |
| December 30, 2010 | |
| 4°N and 5°S | |
| 11° and 19°E | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| Democratic Republic of Congo | |
| Angola | |
| Brazzaville | |
| Congo River | |
| Kinshasa | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
| coastal plain | |
| Kouilou-Niari River | |
| coastal plain | |
| Forests | |
| the Equator | |
| 24 °C (75 °F) | |
| 16 °C (61 °F) | |
| June to August | |
| Wildlife Conservation Society | |
| the Sangha Region | |
| inhospitable swamps | |
| petroleum | |
| budget problems and overstaffing | |
| estry | |
| 65% | |
| 92% | |
| large-scale development projects | |
| 5% | |
| 50% | |
| 46% | |
| civil war | |
| slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict | |
| December 1998 | |
| stimulating recovery and reducing poverty | |
| gas and diamonds | |
| 2007 | |
| base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits | |
| Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) | |
| 200,000 hectares | |
| land, air and water transportation | |
| 1930s | |
| Paris | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| southwestern | |
| 534-kilometre (332 mi) | |
| 62 spoken languages | |
| The Congo are the largest ethnic group | |
| 2% | |
| 12% | |
| 9,000 | |
| French | |
| 300 | |
| Protestants | |
| 22.3% | |
| 19. | |
| 1.6% | |
| Awakening Lutherans | |
| 8.9% | |
| 2.8% | |
| US$30 | |
| 20 physicians | |
| 560 deaths | |
| Female genital mutilation | |
| 59.34 | |
| 16-year-olds | |
| 44% | |
| baccalaureate | |
| French | |
| executive branch | |
| parliamentary or semi-presidential system | |
| the civil service | |
| Westminster system | |
| official representative | |
| ensure the passage of bills through the legislature | |
| royal prerogative | |
| parliament | |
| Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service | |
| Minister of Defence | |
| 1625 | |
| Cardinal Richelieu | |
| France | |
| Cardinal Richelieu | |
| 18th century | |
| Sir Walpole | |
| Thomas Cromwell | |
| Godolphin | |
| Clarendon | |
| the monarch | |
| the monarch | |
| Harley and St John | |
| Cromwell | |
| Glorious Revolution | |
| passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689 | |
| House of Commons | |
| Anne | |
| 1714 | |
| Hanover | |
| twenty-one years | |
| Whig | |
| the doctrine of cabinet solidarity | |
| resign | |
| Lord Melbourne | |
| parliamentarians | |
| George II and George III | |
| Benjamin Disraeli | |
| 1905 | |
| the president | |
| Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah | |
| 1970 | |
| Bahrain | |
| parliamentary republics | |
| parliamentary | |
| Premier of the State Council | |
| Taiwan | |
| the legislature | |
| if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president | |
| the parliament may force the resignation of the government | |
| Bangladesh's constitution | |
| details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal. | |
| the National People's Congress | |
| ng | |
| Constitution Act, 1982 | |
| 1982 | |
| federal and provincial first ministers | |
| Czech Republic's constitution | |
| the first decade of the twentieth century | |
| Balfour in 1905 | |
| 1905 | |
| Margaret Thatcher | |
| 1979 | |
| 1990 | |
| reshuffle her cabinet | |
| Taoiseach | |
| lower house of parliament | |
| every general election | |
| lower house of parliament | |
| upper houses | |
| no confidence | |
| head of state | |
| resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. | |
| prime minister | |
| 1918 | |
| 1918 | |
| Executive Council | |
| Irish cabinet | |
| step down if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party | |
| Chairman of the government | |
| Rosh HaMemshalah | |
| Rosh HaMemshalah | |
| Taoiseach | |
| Presidente dei Ministri | |
| minister of state | |
| premier | |
| Germany and Austria | |
| Minister of State | |
| Secretary of State | |
| President of Iran | |
| non-Commonwealth countries | |
| Excellency | |
| Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council | |
| Prime Minister of Canada | |
| devolved government | |
| First Minister | |
| dhan Mantri | |
| "Wazir-Azam" meaning "Grand Vizier" | |
| Grand Vizier | |
| Cabinet in United Kingdom | |
| Cabinet Office | |
| IT | |
| 19th | |
| French École Polytechnique | |
| Greek (polú) meaning "many" | |
| polytechnic | |
| Berg-Schola | |
| World War II | |
| "Collegium Carolinum" | |
| 1794 | |
| institutions of higher education | |
| 1992 | |
| University of Westminster | |
| Regent Street | |
| polytechnic | |
| University of Technology | |
| College of Advanced Education system | |
| TAFE | |
| Melbourne Polytechnic | |
| 2009 | |
| seven | |
| Fachhochschule | |
| master's degrees | |
| Hogeschool | |
| academization | |
| four | |
| three Technical Universities | |
| Cambodia | |
| affiliate Schools | |
| Quebec | |
| public funding | |
| Polytechnics Canada | |
| collaborative projects | |
| 1895 | |
| Capital University | |
| half | |
| 1997 | |
| Geophysics Institute | |
| Quito Astronomical Observatory | |
| National Polytechnic School | |
| 1873 | |
| one | |
| provide high quality education, training in the areas of science and technology | |
| 50 | |
| Instituts de technologies | |
| 180 credits | |
| 160 credits | |
| Finland | |
| universal sciences | |
| yr | |
| technology | |
| institut universitaires | |
| IUT | |
| Fachhochschule | |
| Polytechnicum | |
| 18th | |
| Escola Politécnica | |
| 1970s | |
| specific professions than on science | |
| business and design | |
| TU | |
| research | |
| RWTH Aachen | |
| nine | |
| 17 | |
| 290,000 | |
| Saxony | |
| Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule | |
| the N.1404/1983 | |
| The Hong Kong Polytechnic | |
| The Hong Kong Polytechnic | |
| 1984 | |
| Science and Technology | |
| 1994 | |
| copper | |
| 1735 | |
| the Court Chamber of Vienna | |
| 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology | |
| 30 National Institutes of Technology | |
| AICTE | |
| Diploma in Engineering | |
| four | |
| three-year | |
| Regional Technical College (RTCs) system | |
| Dublin Institute of Technology | |
| Politecnico | |
| two | |
| Genoa | |
| Imperial College of Engineering | |
| sciences | |
| Malaysia | |
| UNESCO | |
| Ipoh | |
| 32 | |
| 60,840 | |
| 87,440 | |
| University of Technology | |
| teaching, training, research and consultancy | |
| New Zealand | |
| Universal College of Learning | |
| 1989 | |
| Wellington Polytechnic | |
| the 1990s | |
| Hutt Valley Polytechnic | |
| North Island | |
| Auckland University of Technology | |
| 10th grade | |
| various trades | |
| three years | |
| BE | |
| F.Sc | |
| technical university" or "university of technology" | |
| bacharelatos | |
| Bologna Process | |
| Millennia Institute | |
| 5 | |
| three-year | |
| Maria Theresa | |
| 1735 | |
| silver and gold mining | |
| 1764 | |
| teaching | |
| Technikons | |
| 1993 | |
| 2004 | |
| technical colleges | |
| bachelor's degrees | |
| Pathumwan Institute of Technology | |
| University of Technology | |
| Institute of Technology and Vocational Education | |
| Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology | |
| Suranaree University of Technology | |
| (1989) | |
| Mahanakorn University of Technology | |
| Bursa Technical University | |
| Istanbul Technical University | |
| Ankara and Trabzon | |
| 1970 | |
| UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA | |
| Central Institutions | |
| Royal Polytechnic Institution | |
| two | |
| University of Technology | |
| 1956 | |
| Further and Higher Education Act 1992 | |
| CNAA | |
| university colleges | |
| 20th | |
| a technical institute | |
| 18 | |
| Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, 1861) | |
| middle class economy | |
| the 1950s | |
| Caracas | |
| Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio | |
| the Internet | |
| the Internet Archive | |
| San Francisco, California, United States | |
| Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat | |
| The Wayback Machine | |
| Linux | |
| 1996 | |
| archive the entire Internet | |
| Rocky and Bullwinkle Show | |
| Mr. Peabody and Sherman | |
| "WABAC machine" | |
| 1996 | |
| crawlers | |
| crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages | |
| Archive-It.org | |
| digital tape | |
| researchers and scientists | |
| fifth anniversary | |
| University of California, Berkeley | |
| snapshots | |
| twenty-four months | |
| variable | |
| August 2008 | |
| Jeff Kaplan | |
| November 2010 | |
| 100 terabytes | |
| 12 terabytes/month | |
| PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies | |
| Capricorn Technologies | |
| 2009 | |
| Sun Open Storage | |
| Sun Modular Datacenter on Sun Microsystems' California campus | |
| 2011 | |
| March 2011 | |
| 2008 | |
| 2010 | |
| "Save a Page" | |
| October 2013 | |
| Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc | |
| to retroactively remove access to previous versions of pages it had archived from Nebula's site | |
| Wayback Machine to retroactively remove access to previous versions | |
| Internet Archive | |
| the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's motion | |
| Howard Lloyd | |
| Northern District of California | |
| Magistrge Howard Lloyd | |
| Dish Network | |
| Dish Network | |
| Judge Arlander Keys | |
| Ronald Guzman | |
| to determine if a Web page is available as prior art | |
| providing an authoritative statement | |
| technical limitations | |
| answers, or expert witness reports | |
| non-RESTful e-commerce databases | |
| non-RESTful e-commerce databases | |
| copyright | |
| delete pages from its system | |
| FAQ section | |
| Scientology | |
| lawyers from the Church of Scientology | |
| the Internet Archive | |
| Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey | |
| Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey | |
| the Internet Archive | |
| DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act | |
| voluntary | |
| robots.txt | |
| robots. | |
| The Internet Archive | |
| Suzanne Shell | |
| profane-justice.org | |
| the United States District Court for the Northern District of California | |
| the United States District Court for the District of California | |
| April 25, 2007 | |
| The Internet Archive | |
| Suzanne Shell | |
| sending multiple DMCA requests to the Archive and then in the Federal Court of Canada | |
| Federal Court of Canada | |
| United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae | |
| 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795 | |
| Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands | |
| Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg | |
| the county of Flanders | |
| Burgundy | |
| Holy Roman Emperor Charles V | |
| 1568 | |
| high taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government | |
| 1579 | |
| a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries | |
| the Act of Abjuration | |
| 1581 | |
| support each other in their defence against the Spanish army | |
| 1582 | |
| 1583 | |
| 10 July 1584 | |
| Elizabeth I | |
| 1588 | |
| republican revolutions | |
| France | |
| the Batavian Republic | |
| 1813 | |
| United Provinces of the Netherlands | |
| Austrianed with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège | |
| the 17th century | |
| The County of Holland | |
| 1602 | |
| Rotterdam | |
| six | |
| Amsterdam | |
| Between 1590–1712 | |
| Africa and the Pacific | |
| breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean | |
| seven provinces | |
| the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch) | |
| representatives of each of the seven provinces | |
| County of Drenthe | |
| poor | |
| Raadspensionaris | |
| stadtholder | |
| stadtholder | |
| and subordinate to the states of each province | |
| princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau | |
| Zeeland and usually Utrecht | |
| orangists | |
| Republicans | |
| the Peace of Westphalia | |
| Peace of Westphalia | |
| Peace of Westphalia | |
| States General of the United Provinces | |
| Holland and/or Zeeland | |
| The framers | |
| Madison | |
| Act of Abjuration | |
| the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579 | |
| personal religion | |
| William of Orange | |
| Catholic services | |
| Reformed Church | |
| period and regional or city leaders | |
| fined 200 guilders | |
| personal freedom of religion | |
| predestination | |
| the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism | |
| Synod of Dort | |
| Beginning in the 18th century | |
| restricted toleration | |
| Greek | |
| lichens | |
| German | |
| 130 years | |
| obligate | |
| obligate | |
| fungal and photosynthetic | |
| lactobacilli | |
| disjunctive symbiosis | |
| endosymbiosis | |
| 10%–15% of insects | |
| actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria | |
| bacterial | |
| barnacles | |
| exosymbiosis | |
| exymbiosis | |
| interspecies reciprocal altruism | |
| lifelong | |
| mutualistic | |
| Coral reefs | |
| fix carbon from the air | |
| mycorrhyzal | |
| territorial fish | |
| A special mucus | |
| mutual symbiosis | |
| goby fish | |
| tail | |
| non-obligate | |
| late 1980s | |
| hydrogen sulfide or methane | |
| Galapagos Islands | |
| nutrients | |
| increasing population of the ensuring that these genetic changes are passed onto the offspring via vertical transmission (heredity). | |
| vertical transmission (heredity) | |
| drastic reduction in its genome size | |
| Muller's ratchet phenomenon | |
| lack of selection mechanisms | |
| Latin | |
| Commensalism | |
| Commensal | |
| Commensal | |
| Commensal | |
| parasitic relationship | |
| biotrophic | |
| biotrophic | |
| as many as half | |
| a tick feeding on the blood of its host | |
| Amensalism | |
| competition and antibiosis | |
| competition | |
| juglone | |
| weevils | |
| plant matter | |
| asymmetrical competitive interactions | |
| Synnecrosis | |
| death | |
| uncommon | |
| to protect the hive | |
| the evolution of all eukaryotes | |
| plants, animals, fungi, and protists | |
| symbiosis | |
| Lynn Margulis | |
| co-evolution | |
| pollination | |
| dependent | |
| les Forces | |
| National Defence Act | |
| Her Majesty | |
| Canadian Armed Forces | |
| four sub-components | |
| the National Defence Act | |
| Queen II | |
| Governor General of Canada | |
| Chief of the Defence Staff | |
| Armed Forces Council | |
| Cold War | |
| contributing to the security of Europe | |
| Soviet military threat | |
| 1950s | |
| 1990s | |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization | |
| international security operations | |
| Afghanistan | |
| 2002 | |
| Afghanistan | |
| Canada First Defence Strategy | |
| 2008 | |
| six core missions | |
| globally | |
| Canadian defence diplomacy | |
| aircraft visits | |
| aircraft visits | |
| deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés | |
| Canadian Defence Attachés | |
| 1867 | |
| French and British | |
| invasion by the United States. | |
| American Revolutionary War | |
| invasion by the United States. | |
| British Crown-in-Council | |
| Halifax | |
| 1906 | |
| Department of Militia and Defence | |
| November 1940 | |
| Second Boer War | |
| British command | |
| when Canadian Crown-in-Council | |
| Korean War | |
| Second Boer War | |
| 200 | |
| 72 | |
| Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War | |
| United Nations Peacekeeping operations | |
| aircraft carrier | |
| the Battle of Vimy Ridge | |
| strategic bombing | |
| Battle of Vimy Ridge | |
| Croatia | |
| volunteer army | |
| Soviet Union | |
| Canada | |
| 1 February 1968 | |
| colonial militia groups | |
| legislative independence from the United Kingdom | |
| 1931 | |
| First World War | |
| dian Armed Forces | |
| dian Armed Forces | |
| dian Armed Forces | |
| dian Armed Forces | |
| Land Forces | |
| 2011 | |
| International Assistance Force | |
| Government of Afghanistan | |
| peacekeeping | |
| $20.1 billion | |
| 74th | |
| 119,000 | |
| 2020 | |
| 30,000 | |
| Canada First Defence Strategy | |
| through the Canada First Defence Strategy | |
| rate of existing members | |
| battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles | |
| C-130 Hercules | |
| CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters | |
| 2006 | |
| medicine, logistics, and administration | |
| 1985 | |
| ve drivers and mechanics | |
| replenishment | |
| Canadianer of Rights and Freedoms | |
| infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery | |
| 5 February 1987 | |
| Minister of National Defence | |
| Combat-Related Employment of Women | |
| 1989 | |
| submarine service | |
| about 100 percent | |
| Jean Chretien | |
| suitable for a mixed-gender force | |
| Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots | |
| annual financial entitlement | |
| the top with the most senior-ranking personnel | |
| The Canadian constitution | |
| his or her viceroy | |
| troop deployment and disposition orders | |
| monarch or governor general | |
| his or her ministers in Cabinet | |
| 115,349 | |
| Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) | |
| governor general | |
| National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ) | |
| colonels-chief, honorary air commodores-in-chief, admirals | |
| 27 | |
| Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-sur-Richelieu | |
| Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-sur-Richelieu | |
| 33 | |
| Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard | |
| Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) | |
| NATO exercises | |
| Commander | |
| 4 Canadian Division | |
| Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System | |
| Training System | |
| Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System | |
| 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group | |
| artillery, armour, and combat | |
| helicopter squadron | |
| field ambulance | |
| CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright | |
| the Commander | |
| Winnipeg | |
| eleven | |
| tactical commander | |
| British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia | |
| Winnipeg and North Bay | |
| Geilenkirchen, Germany | |
| Airborne Early Warning Force | |
| NATO Airborne Early Warning Force | |
| Joint Task Force | |
| Joint Task Force | |
| supporting fighter operations | |
| CF-18 | |
| Arctic sovereignty patrols | |
| October 2012 | |
| Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command | |
| cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget | |
| Canadian Special Operations Forces Command | |
| generating special operations forces | |
| C | |
| CJIRU | |
| 427 | |
| conduct of electronic warfare | |
| CFS Leitrim in Ottawa | |
| design and build cyber warfare capabilities | |
| June 2011 | |
| Brigadier General | |
| Canadian Armed Forces | |
| a deployed Joint Task Force | |
| domestic support and force generation | |
| national emergency | |
| Canadian Armed Forces | |
| Chief of Reserves and Cadets | |
| Naval Reserve (NAV) | |
| Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service | |
| 12 to 18 | |
| Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) branch of the CAF | |
| non-commissioned members | |
| surveillance and patrol services | |
| Canada's arctic and other remote areas | |
| reserve force | |
| surveillance | |
| service dress | |
| scarlet uniforms of the Royal Military Colleges | |
| operational dress | |
| Approved parkas | |
| The navy, most army, | |
| beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap | |
| there is no naval variant of the wedge cap | |
| beret | |
| beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap | |
| Constitution of Canada | |
| 2006 | |
| bishops | |
| church in Rome | |
| cardinal | |
| ninth century | |
| cardinal | |
| cardo | |
| The Church of England | |
| deacons of the seven regions | |
| 8th century | |
| 769 | |
| Nicholas II | |
| Papal Bull In nomine | |
| 1244 | |
| Pope Innocent IV | |
| cardinal | |
| 1567 | |
| 1567 | |
| Pope Zacharias | |
| 747 | |
| Pope Zacharias | |
| 747 | |
| 1563 | |
| Pope Pius IV | |
| 1563 | |
| Pope Pius IV | |
| the French kings | |
| secular affairs | |
| Cardinal Richelieu | |
| Cardinal Richelieu | |
| Henry | |
| 70 | |
| six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons | |
| Pope John XXIII | |
| 120 | |
| eighty | |
| 120 | |
| cardinal electors | |
| a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees | |
| Dean of the College of Cardinals | |
| bishopric of Ostia | |
| 1630 | |
| Pope Urban VIII | |
| secondary | |
| Prince | |
| Pope Urban VIII | |
| "Cardinal [First name] [surname] | |
| "Cardinal [First name] | |
| placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name | |
| placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Cardis" | |
| they do not belong to the Roman clergy | |
| Cardinal protodeacon | |
| a cardinal | |
| 1378 | |
| 1378 | |
| no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate | |
| the cardinalate | |
| Cardinal bishops | |
| cardinals of the episcopal order | |
| cardinals | |
| Roman priest | |
| preserve apostolic succession | |
| consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals | |
| consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals | |
| seven | |
| 1914 | |
| Pope Pius X | |
| Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Sabina, Frascati and Velletri | |
| 1962 | |
| Ostia | |
| Cardinal Vicar | |
| 1962 | |
| Ostia | |
| Cardinal bishops | |
| College of Cardinals | |
| the pope | |
| gold ring | |
| Pope Benedict XVI | |
| galero | |
| 1969 | |
| scarlet galero | |
| Eastern Catholics | |
| willingness to die for his faith | |
| rochet | |
| the scarlet color of cardinals' vesture | |
| 1460s | |
| cardinalate expires | |
| Martin V | |
| marry | |
| 1917 | |
| lay cardinals | |
| wear and use the episcopal vestments | |
| 1962 | |
| 1917 | |
| 1917 | |
| collate information about the financial situation | |
| The cardinal protodeacon | |
| Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City | |
| Pope John Paul I | |
| white | |
| 30 cardinals | |
| 10 | |
| half | |
| one third | |
| Cardinal deacons | |
| deacons | |
| Paulo Evaristo Arns | |
| Paulo Evaristo Arns | |
| Pope | |
| suburbicarian see | |
| cardinal deacons | |
| Cardinal priests | |
| Cardinal priests | |
| of the order of priests | |
| titular church | |
| 1587 | |
| 70 | |
| Pope Sixtus V | |
| Iranic languages | |
| Indo-Iranian languages | |
| the Indo-European languages | |
| 400 BCE – 900 CE | |
| Middle Persian | |
| 86 | |
| Proto-Iranian | |
| Persian and Sans | |
| 1836 | |
| Christian Lassen | |
| Robert Needham Cust | |
| 1878 | |
| Central Asia | |
| Central Asia | |
| Andronovo culture | |
| 2000 BC | |
| Indo-European | |
| southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia | |
| great linguistic diversity | |
| two | |
| Behistun inscription | |
| 520 BC | |
| 4th century BC | |
| Avestan | |
| Zoroastrianism | |
| Younger Avestan | |
| Rigvedic Sanskrit | |
| Kurdish | |
| Scythian | |
| "western" and "eastern" | |
| Avestan | |
| Old Avestan | |
| palatal consonants | |
| palatal consonants | |
| Nuristani | |
| consonant clusters | |
| consonant clusters | |
| distinct dialect groups | |
| Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian | |
| Old Iranian | |
| the 9th century | |
| Western and Eastern | |
| Eastern | |
| Avestan | |
| Achaemenid Imperial Aramaic script | |
| adapted Greek script | |
| Pahlavi | |
| the 3rd century CE | |
| Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian | |
| Syriac script | |
| Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran) | |
| Dari | |
| Saffarid | |
| 875 CE | |
| the eastern province of Khorasan | |
| Arabic script | |
| dwindling | |
| Tajik | |
| 1930s | |
| Soviet government | |
| Kzestan | |
| Sogdian and Bactrian | |
| 6th century AD | |
| the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand | |
| Saka | |
| Daylighting | |
| positive psychological effects on occupants | |
| capturing daylight | |
| artificial light | |
| Lighting or illumination | |
| Daylighting | |
| artificial light | |
| positive psychological effects on occupants | |
| save energy | |
| Lighting or illumination | |
| light fixtures | |
| Indoor lighting | |
| Lighting | |
| light fixtures | |
| Lighting | |
| 1939 World's Fair | |
| "can lights" or 'high hats | |
| 400,000 BCE | |
| birbirds and fish | |
| campfires | |
| 15,000 years ago | |
| incandescent light bulb | |
| in the early 1800s | |
| urban crime | |
| Lighting plain fixtures | |
| visual glare | |
| lumen per watt | |
| 6400 | |
| incandescent bulb | |
| blue-white | |
| Lower color temperature lamps | |
| general, accent, or task lighting | |
| Lightolier | |
| master transformer | |
| cable lighting | |
| 12 or 24 volts | |
| torchiere | |
| table lamp | |
| task lighting | |
| dark nightclub | |
| illuminated ceiling | |
| general | |
| marked with a row of small lights | |
| LED based versions | |
| translucent tube | |
| Street Lights | |
| Street Lights | |
| Floodlights | |
| security lights | |
| try lights | |
| red | |
| white or selective yellow | |
| In the late 1950s | |
| White | |
| Flashing turn signals on the front, side, and rear | |
| light bulbs | |
| electrical energy | |
| a 15-watt compact fluorescent lamp produces about 800 lumens | |
| 800 lumens | |
| Lighting design | |
| Lighting of structures | |
| Radiance | |
| tabular data | |
| Daylight factor calculation | |
| dark paint | |
| dark paint | |
| Photometric | |
| lighting cues | |
| stage | |
| candela (cd) | |
| candela per square metre (cd/m2) | |
| Stilb | |
| lumen (lm) | |
| luminity function | |
| luminous power per area | |
| Unified Glare Rating | |
| correlated color temperature | |
| color rendering index | |
| color rendering index (CRI) | |
| correlated color temperature | |
| separation of object colors illuminated by a light source | |
| GAI | |
| greater the GAI | |
| Dosimeter | |
| Daysimeter | |
| circadian light meter | |
| 30 | |
| short-wavelength | |
| Specification of illumination requirements | |
| Lighting control systems | |
| wireless mesh open standards | |
| ZigBee | |
| easier installation | |
| Occupancy sensors | |
| changes in heat | |
| Ultrasonic | |
| open areas requiring 360-degree coverage | |
| Daylighting | |
| Daylighting has been proven to have positive effects on patients in hospitals | |
| light emitting diodes | |
| nonimaging optics | |
| over-design illumination | |
| Alzheimer's Disease | |
| 24-hour | |
| disrupt the natural circadian cycle | |
| Robert | |
| patients assigned to rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light | |
| fewer potent analegesics than 23 matched patients | |
| Toronto Scarborough | |
| Northwestern | |
| Abraham Gesner | |
| 1849 | |
| coal-gas | |
| Compact fluorescent lamps | |
| not all of them are suitable for dimming | |
| 10% | |
| 50,000 hours | |
| 50,000 hours | |
| 70% | |
| Light pollution | |
| glare | |
| searchlights and flares | |
| light | |
| infrared cameras | |
| Flares | |
| laser-guided and GPS weapons | |
| International Commission on Illumination | |
| Illuminating Engineering Society of North America | |
| Illuminating Engineering Society of North America | |
| the distribution of light released by a specific luminaire | |
| International Association of Lighting Designers | |
| Professional Lighting Designers Association | |
| Professional Lighting Designers Association | |
| National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions | |
| National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions | |
| LC | |
| CLEP and CLMC | |
| Professional Lighting And Sound Association | |
| UK | |
| 500+ | |
| Hazardous Substances Directive | |
| Separation of powers | |
| three | |
| the United States Constitution | |
| checks and balances | |
| separation of powers | |
| Montesquieu | |
| Montesquieu | |
| Montesquieu | |
| Montesquieu | |
| Montesquieu | |
| Montesquieu | |
| Montesquieu | |
| The United Kingdom | |
| parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government | |
| separate and Georgia all kept the branches of government "separate and distinct." | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Vice Presidents | |
| Congress | |
| Clinton v. City of New York | |
| 1998 | |
| Congress | |
| nondelegation doctrine | |
| Clinton v. City of New York | |
| 1998 | |
| Wayman v Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825) | |
| 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825) | |
| John Marshall | |
| unconstitutionally clothed the judiciary with legislative powers | |
| Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. | |
| Chief Justice John Marshall | |
| the 1930s | |
| National Recovery Administration | |
| 295 U.S. 495 | |
| 1930s | |
| A.L. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 | |
| Army and Navy | |
| Advice and Consent of the Senate | |
| impeachment | |
| quasi-judicial | |
| Army and Navy | |
| the president | |
| impeachment | |
| Congressional | |
| performance of their duties | |
| INS v. Chadha | |
| 1983 | |
| 2⁄3 | |
| Supreme Court | |
| the president | |
| Senate | |
| constitutional courts | |
| constitution and inferior courts established by Congress | |
| the president | |
| Senate | |
| legislativtive courts | |
| judicial power of the United States | |
| two houses of Congress | |
| the president | |
| The Vice President | |
| president | |
| president | |
| civilian Commander | |
| the Congress | |
| Senate | |
| Courts | |
| Marbury v. Madison | |
| Supreme Court | |
| Congress | |
| Congress | |
| The Chief Justice | |
| James Madison | |
| Federalist 51 | |
| republicans | |
| two | |
| one | |
| twelve bills | |
| Andrew Jackson | |
| override fifteen | |
| Tenure of Office Act | |
| Grover Cleveland | |
| Johnson | |
| Roosevelt | |
| Congress | |
| national security | |
| "checks and balances" | |
| the Congress | |
| Florida Supreme Court | |
| the Florida Supreme Court | |
| architectura | |
| architectura | |
| Architecture | |
| Architectural works | |
| Historical civilizations | |
| Latin | |
| Latin architectura | |
| planning, designing buildings and other architects | |
| works of art | |
| Historical civilizations | |
| De architectura | |
| Vitruvius | |
| 1st century AD | |
| firmitas, utilitas, venustas | |
| De architectura | |
| Vitruvius | |
| architect | |
| firmitas, utilitas, venustas | |
| firmness, commodity and delight | |
| the 16th century | |
| Vasari | |
| Italian, French, Spanish and English | |
| Leon Battista Alberti | |
| Leon Battista Alberti | |
| an inherent part of an object | |
| the Golden mean | |
| 16th | |
| Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin | |
| 1836 | |
| Contrasts | |
| 1836 | |
| neo-medieval world | |
| Gothic | |
| John Ruskin | |
| John Ruskin | |
| art critic | |
| 1849 | |
| mental health, power, and pleasure | |
| a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned" | |
| aesthetic | |
| "adorned" | |
| string courses | |
| 20th | |
| Le Corbusier | |
| architect | |
| 20th-century | |
| heart | |
| happy | |
| functional | |
| aesthetic, psychological and cultural | |
| Vitruvius | |
| practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural | |
| popularity and skepticism | |
| empiricism, structuralism | |
| structuralism | |
| empiricism, structuralism | |
| empiricism | |
| late 20th century | |
| sustainable architecture | |
| environmental | |
| non-sustainable | |
| helter security, worship | |
| knowledge | |
| a craft | |
| architecture | |
| building materials | |
| vernacular buildings | |
| urbanization thus creating urban areas | |
| trial and error | |
| vernacular architecture | |
| rural | |
| urbanization thus creating urban areas | |
| very rapidly | |
| Egypt and Mesopotamia | |
| Egypt and Mesopotamia | |
| divine and the supernatural | |
| the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself | |
| Shilpa Shastras of ancient India | |
| China | |
| 5th centuries BCE | |
| Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra | |
| Shilpa Shastras | |
| pantheistic | |
| Buddhist | |
| 3rd century BCE | |
| macrocosm and the microcosm | |
| Shastras | |
| Buddhist architecture | |
| pantheistic | |
| Middle East, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent | |
| the 7th century CE | |
| Byzantium | |
| religious and social | |
| pointed arch | |
| abbeys and cathedrals | |
| abbeys and cathedrals | |
| clerics and tradesmen | |
| pan-European style | |
| Gothic | |
| 900 CE | |
| 1400 onwards | |
| 1400 | |
| Renaissance Europe | |
| 1400 onwards | |
| the role of the individual in society | |
| artist, architect and engineer | |
| functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic | |
| functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic | |
| space and ambience | |
| Nunzia Rondanini | |
| aesthetic dimension | |
| social life | |
| social development | |
| its aesthetic dimension | |
| art | |
| perfection | |
| perfection | |
| religious or empirical ones | |
| building types | |
| religious or empirical ones | |
| Architectural "style" | |
| ancient time | |
| formal prescriptions | |
| canons | |
| 1st-century BCE | |
| religious | |
| guilds | |
| written contracts | |
| organise their trades | |
| Magister lathomorum | |
| proportions and structure | |
| artist | |
| architecture and engineering | |
| technical aspects of building design | |
| "gentleman architect" | |
| context and feasibility | |
| École des Beaux-Arts in France | |
| mass production and consumption | |
| ornamented products | |
| ornamented products | |
| pattern books | |
| architectural | |
| 20th century | |
| Modern Architecture | |
| 1907 | |
| to produce better quality made objects | |
| Bauhaus school | |
| avant-garde | |
| middle and working classes | |
| middle and working classes | |
| functional and structural | |
| historical references and ornament | |
| Frank Lloyd Wright | |
| Robie House and Fallingwater | |
| to promote harmony | |
| the Industrial Revolution | |
| steel-frame | |
| International Style | |
| aesthetic epitomized | |
| Minoru Yamasaki | |
| decorative richness | |
| Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen | |
| unfinished concrete | |
| Eero Saarinen | |
| metaphoric architecture | |
| biomorphism and zoomorphic | |
| nature as the primary source of inspiration | |
| expressionist | |
| 1950s and 1960s | |
| modernism | |
| expanding human experience using historical buildings as models and precedents | |
| Robert Venturi | |
| ducks | |
| the 1980s | |
| one person | |
| Modernism and Postmodernism | |
| Environmental sustainability | |
| environment | |
| Frank Lloyd Wright | |
| Buckminster | |
| U.S. Green Building Council | |
| New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture | |
| modernist and globally uniform architecture | |
| New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and classical design | |
| modernist and globally uniform architecture | |
| life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators | |
| A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer | |
| Mahbub ul Haq | |
| United Nations Development Programme | |
| higher | |
| 2010 | |
| level of human development | |
| HDI or the IHDI | |
| HDI or the IHDI | |
| 1990 | |
| Sen initially opposed this idea | |
| people-centered policies | |
| 1990 | |
| Life expectancy | |
| Life expectancy | |
| Expected years of schooling | |
| Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita | |
| United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) | |
| December 14, 2015 | |
| 2014 | |
| July 24, 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| the average level of human development of people in a society | |
| average | |
| Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba | |
| high human development | |
| lack of necessary data | |
| United Nations Member States | |
| March 14, 2013 | |
| 2012 | |
| average | |
| Andorra, Qatar, Barbados | |
| Andorra, Qatar, Barbados | |
| 2011 | |
| Andorra, Brunei, Malta | |
| Andorra, Brunei, Malta | |
| unavailability of certain crucial data | |
| United Nations | |
| November 4, 2010 | |
| 2010 | |
| life expectancy, and education | |
| Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Malta, Brunei, Bahrain and Barbados | |
| unavailability of certain crucial data | |
| Cuba | |
| a High Human Development country | |
| October 5, 2009 | |
| up to 2007 | |
| Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development | |
| "very high human development" | |
| developed countries | |
| non-UN member or unwilling to provide the necessary data | |
| so-called "s Statisttical update | |
| an accompanying Human Development Report | |
| up to 2006 | |
| November 27, 2007 | |
| climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world | |
| an HDI for 2005 | |
| 2005 | |
| Brasília, Brazil | |
| high income countries | |
| 0.5 | |
| Africa | |
| 119th | |
| 119th | |
| Gabon and South Africa | |
| 0.8 or more | |
| Southeast Asia | |
| Albania, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia | |
| red arrows | |
| green arrows | |
| Blue dashes | |
| Japan | |
| Iceland | |
| national performance and ranking | |
| Western or towards Eastern models of development | |
| global | |
| egalitarianism | |
| three | |
| 2010 | |
| The Economist | |
| 169 | |
| 169 | |
| Mediterranean Europe | |
| Iberian peninsula | |
| the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal) | |
| southern France | |
| political, economic, and flora | |
| geography, climate | |
| Mediterranean | |
| Western and Southern coastal regions | |
| dry hills, smalls, pine forests | |
| the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy | |
| Cooler climates | |
| Atlantic | |
| phytochoria | |
| Armen Takhtajan | |
| classical antiquity | |
| city-states | |
| Alexander the Great | |
| Rome | |
| Constantinople | |
| Germanic peoples | |
| 476 | |
| 300 AD | |
| zantine Empire | |
| Germanic peoples | |
| kingdoms and empires | |
| the Crusades | |
| 1204 | |
| Genoa and Venice | |
| The Reconquista | |
| Byzantine Empire | |
| the Late Middle Ages | |
| the Black Death | |
| the Ottoman Empire | |
| 1453 | |
| the 14th century | |
| Florence | |
| classical Greek and Roman knowledge | |
| classical Greek and Roman | |
| Portugal and Spain | |
| 1648 | |
| Spain and France | |
| Galileo Galilei | |
| Guglielmo Marconi | |
| the rise of colonial empires | |
| Columbian Exchange | |
| manufacturing | |
| Industrial Revolution of Great Britain | |
| independence wars | |
| the Ottoman Empire | |
| 1870 | |
| The Age of Empire | |
| 1914 | |
| 1914 | |
| Paris Peace Conference | |
| Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler | |
| Adolf Hitler | |
| Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War. | |
| Mussolini | |
| Warsaw Pact | |
| European Union | |
| market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism | |
| 1989 | |
| 1991 | |
| 2013 | |
| Italian | |
| San Marino, and the Vatican | |
| eastern Spain | |
| Galician | |
| 40 million | |
| Hellenic | |
| Cyprus | |
| Macedonian | |
| Bulgarian | |
| Slovenian in Slovenia | |
| English | |
| Spanish | |
| Maltese | |
| Albanian | |
| Semitic | |
| northern Spain and southwestern France | |
| Christianity | |
| 380 AD | |
| Roman Catholic | |
| Greek Orthodox | |
| classification | |
| statistical convenience | |
| the sub-regions according to the UN | |
| Tourism Decision Metrics | |
| Tourism Decision Metrics | |
| BBC Television | |
| Royal charter | |
| 2 November 1936 | |
| 2 November 1936 | |
| United Kingdom | |
| 30% | |
| television production companies | |
| 30 September 1929 | |
| Long Acre, London | |
| 30 lines | |
| June 1932 | |
| 30 March | |
| Broadcasting House, London | |
| telephone line | |
| electromechanical | |
| Brookmans Park | |
| February 1934 | |
| Alexandra Palace in London | |
| VHF | |
| 240 | |
| 405- | |
| Monday to Saturday | |
| six months | |
| mechanical camera | |
| 13 February 1937 | |
| 40 kilometres | |
| 1938 | |
| RCA | |
| a British television set | |
| Brookmans Park | |
| 2 August 1932 | |
| Opening of the BBC Television Service | |
| King George VI and Queen Elizabeth | |
| September 1939 | |
| VHF transmissions | |
| radar | |
| Mickey's Gala Premier (1933) | |
| 1933 | |
| 18,999 | |
| Jasmine Bligh | |
| 7 June 1946 at 15:00 | |
| Lime Grove The Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later.[unreliable source?] Alexandra Palace was the home base of the channel until the early 1950s | |
| Mickey Mouse | |
| Birmingham | |
| Sutton Coldfield | |
| 405-line interlaced image on VHF | |
| VHF | |
| "BBC tv" | |
| ITV | |
| Doctor Who | |
| Alexandra Palace | |
| BBC2 | |
| ITV | |
| a massive power failure | |
| Battersea Power Station | |
| Denis Tuohy | |
| BBC Two | |
| 15 November 1969 | |
| soap opera or standard news | |
| Sir Attenborough | |
| heavyweight documentaries and documentary series such as Civilisation, The Ascent of Man and Horizon | |
| 1967 | |
| 2000 | |
| 2 episodes | |
| CBBC | |
| BBC Natural History Unit | |
| the 1950s | |
| Life of Plants | |
| fi | |
| (Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland | |
| local announcers | |
| local news | |
| Patrick Kielty Almost Live | |
| River City | |
| Gaelic-speaking viewers | |
| Eːpa and Dè a-nis | |
| Patrick Kielty Almost Live | |
| 25% | |
| The Simpsons | |
| Neighbours | |
| teletext | |
| 1974 | |
| interactive BBCi service | |
| March 2003 | |
| Astra 2D | |
| March 2003 | |
| £85 million | |
| Western Europe | |
| Hollywood studios and sporting organisations | |
| Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football | |
| Scottish Cup and Scottish Cup football | |
| 5 July 2004 | |
| television | |
| newsreel | |
| Little Angels | |
| Jana Bennett | |
| BBC Vision | |
| BBC Vision | |
| 2008 | |
| November 2008 | |
| Keeping Up Appearances | |
| 1000 times | |
| BBC Worldwide | |
| annually | |
| funded by a television licence fee | |
| Television in 2013 | |
| Danny Cohen | |
| producing, scheduling and broadcasting | |
| December 2004 | |
| December 2004 and April 2006 | |
| general entertainment | |
| July 30, 1947 | |
| Alois Schwarzenegger | |
| two | |
| 15 | |
| seven | |
| Conan the Barbarian | |
| 20 | |
| "Austrian Oak" | |
| Schwarzenegger completed his second term as governor. | |
| Republican | |
| -Governor Gray Davis | |
| January 5, 2007 | |
| Thal | |
| Arnold's mother's maidened Arnold Alois | |
| Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, a village bordering the city of Graz in Styria, Austria | |
| mainfeldwebel | |
| Gustav | |
| refrigerator | |
| soccer | |
| Steve Reeves, and Johnny Weissmuller | |
| police officer | |
| Steve Reeves | |
| 1971 | |
| Patrick. Schwarzenegger | |
| a stroke | |
| Barbara Baker | |
| Fortune | |
| Mr. Universe | |
| Junior Mr. Europe | |
| 1966 | |
| London | |
| Reg Park | |
| his leg | |
| three | |
| Robert Putziger | |
| 21, speaking little English | |
| 21, speaking little English | |
| New York | |
| Ric Drasin | |
| LA Weekly | |
| The Education of a Bodybuilder | |
| Santa Monica College in California | |
| Transcendental Meditation | |
| anxiety | |
| Arnold Classic | |
| monthly | |
| $250,000 | |
| executive editor | |
| Junior Mr. Europe | |
| seven | |
| a half an hour | |
| Munich stone-lifting contest | |
| 1969 | |
| Schwarzenegger | |
| 1970 | |
| youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23 | |
| Franco Columbu | |
| 1975 | |
| Mr. Olympia | |
| Pumping Iron | |
| three months | |
| Jeff Bridges | |
| Conan | |
| seven weeks | |
| a seventh time | |
| 1977 | |
| Willi Heepe | |
| US$10,000 | |
| The Globe | |
| Hercules | |
| "Arnold Strong," | |
| Robert Altman | |
| New Male Star of the Year | |
| weird | |
| 1991 | |
| 1980 | |
| The Incred Hulk | |
| The Villain | |
| Conan the Destroyer | |
| 1985 | |
| James Cameron | |
| Sylvester Stallone | |
| The Running Man 1987 | |
| Twins | |
| $10 million | |
| Christmas in Connecticut | |
| Tales from the Crypt | |
| Terminator 2: Judgment Day | |
| the National Association of Theatre Owners | |
| True Lies | |
| Best Actor – Musical or Comedy | |
| $150 million | |
| 82 ft | |
| Forum Stadtpark | |
| The Kid & I | |
| the Governator | |
| Stan Lee | |
| With Wings as Eagles | |
| Randall Wallace | |
| May 20 | |
| 10 years | |
| Escape Plan | |
| Terminator Genisys | |
| 2015 | |
| 2004 | |
| "Stop the Madness" | |
| 1988 | |
| -Vice President George H.W. Bush | |
| "Conan the Republican" | |
| 1999 | |
| The Hollywood Reporter | |
| August 6, 2003 | |
| one debates with other recall replacement candidates | |
| 55.4% | |
| Bustamante | |
| 1.3 million votes | |
| 31% | |
| Schwarzenegger | |
| Willie Brown | |
| "Hans and Franz" | |
| November | |
| four | |
| Susan Kennedy | |
| Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer | |
| San Francisco | |
| the United States Senate | |
| Wendy Leigh | |
| Sargent Shriver | |
| The Simpsons Movie | |
| becoming naturalized in 1983 | |
| Austrian | |
| Senator McCain | |
| Giuliani | |
| their concerns for the environment and economy | |
| Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in | |
| 89% | |
| 89% | |
| "Gropegate" | |
| six | |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| bathing suit | |
| GQ | |
| pumping iron | |
| Anna Richardson | |
| The 6th Day in London | |
| Sheryl Main | |
| 1968 | |
| Peter Pilz | |
| September 27, 2006 | |
| refineries | |
| 2020 | |
| Northeast | |
| solar panels to heat his home | |
| 2009 | |
| Northeast's Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative | |
| Detroit | |
| Article II, Section I, Clause V | |
| New York Post | |
| Columbia University | |
| index cards | |
| 30 | |
| Franco Columbu | |
| San Fernando earthquake | |
| $10,000 | |
| Planet Hollywood | |
| 2000 | |
| Hard Rock Cafe | |
| Dimensional Fund Advisors | |
| Columbus, Ohio | |
| Oak Productions, Inc. and Fitness Publications | |
| Simon & Schuster | |
| Schatzi On Main | |
| Schatzi On Main | |
| "little treasure," colloquial for "honey" or "darling" in German | |
| 1998 | |
| 2011 | |
| $38 million | |
| 2006 | |
| polite society | |
| Apollo Moon landing | |
| Sue Moray | |
| Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament | |
| August 1978 | |
| Schwarzenegger married television journalist Maria Shriver | |
| Hyannis | |
| four | |
| Heather Milligan | |
| 25 years | |
| the Los Angeles Times | |
| 20 | |
| Joseph | |
| 2010 | |
| Bob Kaufman | |
| Schwarzenegger | |
| spousal support | |
| Brigitte Nielsen | |
| bipid aortic valve | |
| 1997 | |
| Patrick | |
| his right femur | |
| Sun Valley, Idaho | |
| Van Nuys Airport | |
| 6'1.5" (1.87 m) | |
| Herb Wesson | |
| 5'10". | |
| Total Recall | |
| "The Secret" | |
| October 2012 | |
| 1992 | |
| street-legal | |
| dark brown | |
| 6,300 lb (2,900 kg) | |
| US$21,000 | |
| California Hydrogen Highway Network | |
| Department of Energy | |
| Inner City Games Foundation (ICG) | |
| Shanghai | |
| 400 | |
| Sol Price School of Public Policy | |
| 2012 | |
| chairman | |
| 60 km | |
| 190 miles (310 km) west-south-west | |
| Plym | |
| Devon | |
| Plymouth Sound | |
| Mount Batten | |
| Plymouth | |
| 1620 | |
| 1642 and 1646 | |
| Plymouth Colony | |
| Devonport | |
| 1928 | |
| Plymouth Blitz | |
| 1967 | |
| East Stonehouse | |
| 261,546 | |
| 30th | |
| three MPs | |
| antander | |
| Plymouth University | |
| Mount Batten | |
| Mount Batten | |
| mouth/estuaries of the Tamar | |
| 11th | |
| south town in Old English | |
| "mouth of the River Plym" | |
| King Henry VI | |
| mouth of the River Plym | |
| 1340 | |
| Breton raiders | |
| 1596 | |
| Sutton Pool | |
| 1512 | |
| Sir John Hawkins | |
| Sir Francis Drake | |
| 1588 | |
| 1620 | |
| Plymouth Colony | |
| the Parliamentarians | |
| four years | |
| Freedom Fields Park | |
| 1660 | |
| Drake's Island | |
| 18th | |
| 17th | |
| 1690 | |
| River Tamar | |
| 318 | |
| 3,000 | |
| Stoke | |
| timber | |
| Devonport | |
| Stonehouse | |
| John Foulston | |
| Union Street | |
| William Cookworthy | |
| 1768 | |
| Local chemist | |
| John Smeaton | |
| 2 | |
| John Rennie | |
| 1841 | |
| 18 | |
| Devonport | |
| sodium nitrate | |
| Devonport | |
| Devonport | |
| Flying boats | |
| Mount Batten | |
| Royal Australian Air Force | |
| Western Approaches Command | |
| 59 | |
| more than 1,000 civilians | |
| 3,700 houses | |
| Sir Patrick Abercrombie | |
| 1000 homes | |
| overcrowded and unsanitary slums | |
| 1962 | |
| grade II | |
| Ark Royal | |
| 1971 | |
| 42 Commando of the Royal Marines | |
| Domesday Book | |
| 1086 | |
| Sudtone, Saxon | |
| 1254 | |
| 1439 | |
| Nancy Astor | |
| Plymouth Sutton | |
| 18 October 1928 | |
| 1935 | |
| Plymstock | |
| Plymouth Devonport | |
| Secretary of State for Education | |
| the 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act | |
| Labour party | |
| Plymouth | |
| 250,000 people | |
| The 1971 Local Government White Paper | |
| Tamarside | |
| 1 April 1974 | |
| Banham Commission | |
| South West England | |
| Gary Streeter | |
| Conservative | |
| Moor View | |
| three | |
| 57 | |
| a third | |
| Brest | |
| 2001 | |
| King George V | |
| six | |
| Lord Mayor | |
| King George V | |
| 3 Elliot Terrace | |
| Lady Astor | |
| Armada Way | |
| June 2007 | |
| £40m | |
| River Tamar | |
| River Plym | |
| Cornwall | |
| Plymouth Sound | |
| 1967 | |
| Cattewater | |
| 1814 | |
| Drake's Island | |
| 30.83 | |
| Roborough | |
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| Lower Devonian slates | |
| granite | |
| Upper Devonian slates | |
| geology | |
| the Hoe | |
| Dartmoor | |
| Dartmoor | |
| Cattedown | |
| limestone | |
| 27 April 1944 | |
| Patrick Abercrombie | |
| Union Street | |
| David MacKay | |
| 28 | |
| Cfb | |
| 11 °C (52 °F) | |
| February | |
| 20 cm | |
| July | |
| Atlantic depressions | |
| autumn | |
| 980 millimetres (39 in) | |
| June | |
| south-west | |
| 1,600 | |
| South West England | |
| 80 °F | |
| June 1976 | |
| 4.25 | |
| 26.6 | |
| June 1976 | |
| 25,895 | |
| 22nd largest | |
| 3,000 | |
| £160 million | |
| 1992 | |
| The University of St Mark & St John | |
| teacher training | |
| College of Art | |
| 26,000 | |
| 153 | |
| four | |
| two | |
| 13 state secondary schools | |
| 13 | |
| three | |
| Plymouth College | |
| Devonport High School for Boys | |
| Royal Naval Engineering College | |
| 1910 | |
| Dockyard Technical College | |
| 1910 | |
| University of Southampton | |
| Marine Laboratory | |
| Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences | |
| Plymouth University's Marine Institute | |
| Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership | |
| National Marine Aquarium | |
| 256,384 | |
| 240,720 | |
| 15,664 | |
| 2.3 persons | |
| 0.5% | |
| 25% | |
| 5,169 million | |
| £19,943 | |
| £19,943 | |
| 7.0% | |
| 26.2% | |
| 78.3 years | |
| 82.1 | |
| lowest | |
| 12,000 | |
| 7,500 | |
| 1793 | |
| Plymouth Gin Distillery | |
| 1930s | |
| 10% | |
| Devonport Dockyard | |
| 270 | |
| 500 | |
| Devonport Dockyard | |
| Pannier Market | |
| 1959 | |
| 29th | |
| Tinside Pool | |
| £3.4 million | |
| Vision for Plymouth | |
| David Mackay | |
| Plymouth Chamber of Commerce (PCC) | |
| 300,000 | |
| 33,000 | |
| 2004 | |
| October 2006 | |
| wasteland at Cattedown | |
| RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture | |
| David Mackay | |
| Bretonside bus station | |
| Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena | |
| Millbay | |
| The Parkway | |
| 40 miles (65 km) away | |
| Tamar Bridge | |
| mouth City Airport | |
| First South West | |
| Spain (Santander) | |
| Spain | |
| MV Armorique | |
| Stonehouse | |
| 1204 | |
| Plymouth City Airport | |
| 6 | |
| 2018 | |
| FlyPlymouth | |
| 1877 | |
| Great Western Railway | |
| Cornish Main Line | |
| Three | |
| CrossCountry | |
| 4 February 2014 | |
| 130 | |
| 4 April 2014 | |
| February 2014 | |
| 150 | |
| 1858 | |
| St Andrew's | |
| St Andrew's (Anglican) | |
| twenty Methodist chapels | |
| "Moses the Jew" | |
| 1762 | |
| Listed Grade II | |
| Ashkenazi | |
| 58.1% | |
| 0.8% | |
| almost doubled | |
| 58.1% | |
| -16% | |
| 1815 | |
| Charlie Chaplin | |
| 30 | |
| servicemen's playground | |
| British Firework Championships | |
| August 2006 | |
| Roy Lowry of the University of Plymouth | |
| the University of Plymouth | |
| 1992 | |
| 1,315 | |
| 200 | |
| free | |
| six | |
| 1961 to 2009 | |
| Plymouth | |
| West Country | |
| 16 February 2009 | |
| ITV West | |
| BBC Radio Devon | |
| Plymouth Argyle F.C. | |
| Football League Two | |
| Home Park | |
| The Pilgrims | |
| Vospers Oak Villa F.C. | |
| Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club | |
| Plymouth Admirals | |
| 1875 | |
| Plymouth Pavilions | |
| 1983 | |
| 1823 | |
| September 2011 | |
| nine | |
| 1973 | |
| Plymouth County Borough Corporation | |
| 24 April 1591 | |
| River Meavy | |
| 1801 | |
| Plymouth City Council | |
| Plymouth City Council | |
| Western Power Distribution | |
| 2009 | |
| Plympton | |
| 1836 | |
| Crownhill | |
| five fire stations | |
| Millbay Docks | |
| Devon and Cornwall Constabulary | |
| Derriford Hospital | |
| 6 | |
| Royal Eye Infirmary | |
| Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust | |
| Exeter | |
| 2007 | |
| Weston Mill | |
| Drake Memorial Park | |
| brass | |
| 2007 | |
| 1666 | |
| English Civil War | |
| 1759 | |
| 23 | |
| the Armada Memorial | |
| Sutton | |
| 1620 | |
| Mayflower Steps | |
| 400 marine species | |
| 100 listed buildings | |
| Crownhill Fort | |
| northern | |
| Landmark Trust | |
| west | |
| 70 waymarkers | |
| south-east Cornwall | |
| Kingsand | |
| the Tamar Valley | |
| Henning Larsen | |
| 2008 | |
| University of Plymouth | |
| Arts | |
| central quarter | |
| Plymothians | |
| Plymothians | |
| Plymothians | |
| Cousin Jan | |
| Tavistock | |
| El Draco | |
| 1596 | |
| dysentery | |
| Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds | |
| Robert Lenkiewicz | |
| South Devon | |
| Jazz | |
| Keith Rowe | |
| Trematon Castle | |
| footballer | |
| Canadian | |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | |
| The Right Stuff | |
| comedian |