This is the Digital Socrates 13B (DS-13B) model described in our paper: Digital Socrates: Evaluating LLMs through explanation critiques (ACL Anthology link: https://aclanthology.org/2024.acl-long.302, arXiv link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.09613).
The less recommended, smaller 7B model can be found at https://huggingface.co/allenai/digital-socrates-7b
The DS-13B model is a fine-tuned version of Llama-2-13b-Chat, please review its guidelines and licensing before use.
What is Digital Socrates?
Digital Socrates is an open-source, automatic explanation-critiquing model. It is useful for revealing insights about student models by examining their reasoning chains. The use of Digital Socrates allows for nuanced, interpretable automatic evaluation of explanations without expensive API calls or human annotations.
While LLMs can provide reasoned explanations along with their answers, the nature and quality of those explanations are still poorly understood. In response, our goal is to define a detailed way of characterizing the explanation capabilities of modern models and to create a nuanced, interpretable explanation evaluation tool that can generate such characterizations automatically.
Given a question (together with the multiple-choice options and gold answer),
When Dennis operates his lawnmower, he notices the engine makes a lot of noise. He also notices that the engine gets very hot. Which best describes the heat and noise generated from the lawnmower?
(A) a change in phase
(B) thermal expansion
(C) an increase in entropy
(D) mechanical advantage
Answer sheet: (C)
as well as a student model explanation and answer,
1) The question states that the lawnmower engine makes a lot of noise.
2) The question states that the lawnmower engine gets very hot.
3) Noise and heat are both forms of energy.
4) The noise and heat generated from the lawnmower are a result of the conversion of energy from the fuel to mechanical energy.
Answer: (D)
Digital Socrates gives a critique of the model-generated explanation that provides localized feedback on the most significant flaw (if any) in the explanation, suggestions to address the identified flaw, as well as a numeric rating indicating the explanation quality:
The explanation states or suggests the following:
* Main flaw (standalone statement): "The noise and heat generated from the lawnmower are a result of the conversion of energy from the fuel to mechanical energy."
* Dimension: incorrect_information
Consider these points for revising the explanation:
* General: It's important to understand the difference between the different types of energy. Mechanical energy is the energy of motion, while thermal energy is the energy of heat.
* Specific: In the case of the lawnmower, the noise and heat are not a result of the conversion of energy from the fuel to mechanical energy. The noise is a result of the vibration of the engine, while the heat is a result of the friction and combustion of the fuel.
Explanation score: 2
Remarkably, despite being orders of magnitude smaller than GPT-4, our Digital Socrates models are capable of generating critiques close to GPT-4 critiques in terms of human rating and other quantitative measures (correlation of explanation scores given and error category matches). Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, we demonstrate how Digital Socrates is useful for revealing insights about student models by examining their reasoning chains.
We invite you to try out Digital Socrates for your own application!
How to use Digital Socrates?
We provide a quick example of how you can try out Digital Socrates with just a few lines of code:
'DSCritiqueBank-V1' used below can be downloaded from our dataset page.
import json
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
# Load model and tokenizer
model_path = "allenai/digital-socrates-13b"
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path, device_map="auto")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
# Define input data
question = "When Dennis operates his lawnmower, he notices the engine makes a lot of noise. He also notices that the engine gets very hot. Which best describes the heat and noise generated from the lawnmower? (A) a change in phase (B) thermal expansion (C) an increase in entropy (D) mechanical advantage"
explanation = "1) The question states that the lawnmower engine makes a lot of noise.\n2) The question states that the lawnmower engine gets very hot.\n3) Noise and heat are both forms of energy.\n4) The noise and heat generated from the lawnmower are a result of the conversion of energy from the fuel to mechanical energy."
answerkey = "C"
predictedanswer = "D"
# construct prompt (Llama conventions)
with open("../DSCritiqueBank-V1/DSCB-prompts.json") as file:
prompts = json.load(file)
system_prompt = prompts['digital_socrates_v1']['system']
user_prompt = prompts['digital_socrates_v1']['main'].replace("[[QUESTION]]", question).replace("[[EXPLANATION]]", explanation).replace("[[PREDICTEDANSWER]]", predictedanswer).replace("[[ANSWERKEY]]", answerkey)
full_prompt = f"[INST] <<SYS>>\n{system_prompt}\n<</SYS>{user_prompt} [/INST]\n\n"
# Run model
input_ids = tokenizer.encode(full_prompt, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda:0")
output = model.generate(input_ids, max_new_tokens=512, temperature=0)
res = tokenizer.batch_decode(output, skip_special_tokens=True)
Print the output:
>>> print(res[0].split("[/INST]")[-1])
The explanation states or suggests the following:
* Main flaw (standalone statement): "The noise and heat generated from the lawnmower are a result of the conversion of energy from the fuel to mechanical energy."
* Dimension: incorrect_information
Consider these points for revising the explanation:
* General: It's important to understand the difference between the different types of energy. Mechanical energy is the energy of motion, while thermal energy is the energy of heat.
* Specific: In the case of the lawnmower, the noise and heat are not a result of the conversion of energy from the fuel to mechanical energy. The noise is a result of the vibration of the engine, while the heat is a result of the friction and combustion of the fuel.
Explanation score: 2
More details about Digital Socrates ...
For more details about Digital Socrates, please refer to our:
- 📄Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.09613
- 💻Dataset: https://allenai.org/data/digital-socrates
Citation
@inproceedings{gu-etal-2024-digital,
title = "Digital Socrates: Evaluating {LLM}s through Explanation Critiques",
author = "Gu, Yuling and
Tafjord, Oyvind and
Clark, Peter",
editor = "Ku, Lun-Wei and
Martins, Andre and
Srikumar, Vivek",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
month = aug,
year = "2024",
address = "Bangkok, Thailand",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2024.acl-long.302",
pages = "5559--5586",
}
Open LLM Leaderboard Evaluation Results
Detailed results can be found here
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Avg. | 57.34 |
| AI2 Reasoning Challenge (25-Shot) | 58.36 |
| HellaSwag (10-Shot) | 80.14 |
| MMLU (5-Shot) | 57.01 |
| TruthfulQA (0-shot) | 44.47 |
| Winogrande (5-shot) | 74.59 |
| GSM8k (5-shot) | 29.49 |
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Evaluation results
- normalized accuracy on AI2 Reasoning Challenge (25-Shot)test set Open LLM Leaderboard58.360
- normalized accuracy on HellaSwag (10-Shot)validation set Open LLM Leaderboard80.140
- accuracy on MMLU (5-Shot)test set Open LLM Leaderboard57.010
- mc2 on TruthfulQA (0-shot)validation set Open LLM Leaderboard44.470
- accuracy on Winogrande (5-shot)validation set Open LLM Leaderboard74.590
- accuracy on GSM8k (5-shot)test set Open LLM Leaderboard29.490