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A person with shingles will usually break out in a painful rash on their upper body. However, shingles can also develop on the face and in the eye. If this happens, the condition can cause vision problems that can be very serious. Shingles can affect different parts of the body, including the face and eyes. People cannot develop shingles unless they contract the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. Once a person has experienced chickenpox, the virus will remain in their body. In some people, the varicella virus stays dormant. In others, it becomes active and causes shingles. The virus can become active again and again throughout a person’s lifetime. Other names for the varicella-zoster virus are “VZV” and “the chickenpox virus.” Shingles is also known as herpes zoster. The virus that causes shingles is not the same as the herpes viruses that cause cold sores or genital herpes. In this article, we describe the symptoms of shingles and how the condition can affect the eyes and vision. We also explore treatment options, complications, and tips for prevention. Shingles can cause several symptoms. Often, the first is pain. Shingles pain can feel different for each person. Some people experience a dull throbbing, while others feel a sharp stabbing or burning sensation. The pain may be constant or come and go. Another common symptom is a rash that usually forms as tiny blisters. These can be sore and itchy. The rash usually develops in a band on the upper body, but sometimes it appears on the face. Usually, the rash affects only one side of the body. Additional symptoms of shingles include: In rare cases, shingles can cause problems with the central nervous system. This - muscle weakness or paralysis - difficulty with bladder control or urination (neurogenic bladder) - Guillain-Barré syndrome - inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) Shingles can also If a person develops shingles during pregnancy, they should consult a doctor. A person cannot pass shingles to a fetus, as they can with chickenpox. However, the symptoms of shingles may require treatment to avoid potential risks to the pregnant person or the fetus. Symptoms of shingles on the face If shingles affects a person’s face, they may experience: The medical term for shingles in the eye is herpes zoster ophthalmicus or opthalmic zoster. Symptoms of shingles in the eye include: - blistering on the forehead, on the tip of the nose, on the upper eyelid, or around the eye, usually on only one side of the face - redness and swelling around the eyelid - an itchy eye - a painful and inflamed cornea (keratitis) - sensitivity to light - blurred vision - difficulty moving the eye (optic nerve palsy) While these symptoms can indicate shingles, they can also characterize other eye conditions. Anyone with severe eye symptoms should get medical attention right away. After the symptoms of chickenpox have cleared up, the virus lies dormant in the body. More specifically, the virus remains in the nerves. At any time, the virus can reactivate and cause shingles to develop. When the virus reactivates in a nerve called the trigeminal nerve, it can cause shingles of the eye. The trigeminal nerve carries signals between the brain and several areas of the face, including the eye. Anyone who suspects they have shingles in their eye should go to the emergency room or visit a primary care doctor or eye doctor as soon as possible. Shingles in the eye can lead to vision loss and other serious complications. To diagnose shingles in the eye, a doctor will perform a physical examination and ask about symptoms. They will usually examine the eye more closely using instruments such as a slit lamp and an ophthalmoscope. This will help them identify clinical signs of the condition both outside and inside the eye. A doctor may also request tests of: - a person’s blood - fluid from blisters - fluid from the eye Test results can help determine whether the shingles virus is causing a person’s symptoms. Treatment options include: - Antiviral medications: These drugs can come in liquid or tablet form. A person should take the medication as soon as possible for maximum effectiveness. - Eye drops: A person can use these to help keep the eye moist or to treat an infection. - Cool compresses: A doctor may recommend placing a cool, slightly damp cloth over the eyes to soothe pain. - Pain medications: Treatment options for pain will depend on the severity of pain and other considerations. If shingles in the eye has caused complications, a person is likely to need additional treatments. In this case, an eye specialist (opthalmologist) will typically determine the best course of treatment. Anyone who has experienced chickenpox can develop shingles, but it is more common in people over 50 years old. There is no one clear reason why the virus reactivates. Some risk factors include: - being older - having a lot of stress - having another illness - having a weakened immune system - taking immunosuppressant medications A vaccine is available that can help prevent people from developing shingles. Some cases of shingles go away on their own. However, shingles on the face is not something to ignore. Shingles on the face or in the eye can cause severe complications such as: - eye inflammation that does not go away - pain that does not go away - dry eye - corneal ulcers - corneal scarring - double vision - vision loss Getting shingles treatment early can often prevent or reduce postherpetic neuralgia. Treatments such as antiviral medications can help clear up the infection. The most effective way to prevent shingles is to get the shingles vaccine. - aged 50 and older - aged 19 and older and have weakened immune systems The CDC recommend getting two doses of the vaccine. According to the In adults aged 70 and older with healthy immune systems, 2 doses of Shingrix are 91% effective at preventing the condition. An older shingles vaccine called People who are eligible for the shingles vaccine should talk with a doctor to find out whether the vaccine is right for them. Is shingles contagious? The same virus causes both shingles and chickenpox. If a person contracts the varicella-zoster virus from someone with shingles, they will develop chickenpox, not shingles. This means that a person with shingles can spread chickenpox to someone who has never had it. A person with shingles can also spread chickenpox to someone with a weakened immune system. People with weakened immune systems can get chickenpox more than once. The contagious stage of shingles is over when the blisters on the skin have healed. This can take To minimize the chances of passing on the virus: - Keep the shingles rash covered. - Try not to scratch it. - Practice good hygiene, especially by washing the hands after touching the rash. Shingles in the eye is a serious condition. If the shingles rash develops on the face, seek medical attention right away. Prompt treatment with antiviral medication can help relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Eye-related complications of shingles can be severe. Anyone who suspects that they have shingles in the eye should seek urgent medical attention.

##EnviroVent Scoops Industry ‘Oscar’ EnviroVent’s Filterless Infinity Fan has been named Domestic Heating and Ventilation Product of the Year at the H&V News Awards, held at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London on April 24. The company successfully fought off tough competition to win the prestigious award for their innovative British-made product. Editor of H&V news, Dennis Flower, said: “The updated judging process and highly relevant categories have resulted in increasing industry involvement throughout. The event now in its 20th year is well-placed to continue its important role highlighting the many examples of excellence and best practice within all areas of building services for many years to come.”Ideal for bathrooms, kitchens, en-suites and WCs, the Filterless Infinity Extract Fan offers the ultimate in product confidence with its seven year maintenance–free warranty. The fan, which incorporates EnviroVent’s patented Cyclone Separation Technology, extracts stale, moist air without the need for filters which can become clogged. What’s more, the Filterless Infinity’s clever self-setting technology automatically monitors and responds to the humidity levels in the home using intelligent vapour tracking controls. No user intervention is required; condensation is controlled quietly and efficiently, improving indoor air quality. Franchise Manager, Phil Harrison, said: “As a British manufacturer and franchisor we are delighted to win this prestigious award. It is a tremendous achievement to be recognised by the HEVAC industry for the design and development of a product, which will save millions of pounds in maintenance and servicing costs.” The awards, which are known throughout the HEVAC industry as the ‘Oscars’, were attended by more than 1,000 of the country’s leading names in building services gathered together to celebrate another good year and the 20th anniversary of the H&V Awards.

Specification of LIGHTING FILM: Excellent for cutting Screen and inkjet printable Screen and inkjet printable 5-10years Interior, 1-3years exterior Walls, ceilings, doors, steps and other surfaces that provide exits or directional signage for emergency and evacuation Technical Data (mcd/m2) of LIGHTING FILM: excitation source is 1000 LX, test begin at saturating amount of excitation energy) Typical Physical Properties of LIGHTING FILM: Thickness (film and adhesive) Service temperature range -30°F to 200°F -34°C to 90°C Application temperature range (air and substrate) 50°F to 100°F 10°C to 38°C Delivery and Payment of LIGHTING FILM: Free samples, Shipping cost should be paid by buyers Bulk lead time 7-10 days more or less, based on your quantities FOB , CFR or CIF Terms of payment Pictures of LIGHTING FILM: - Q:Which extinguisher to use on gas fire? - I really suggest Big Sexy Hair products, especially their Root Pump Plus moose. It works wonders. Next time you get your hair cut, ask for framing layers and tell them that you want height. By getting layers cut into your hair, you will be able to achieve more natural volume. Teasing/backcombing can be very hard on your hairespecially if you do it incorrectly. I suggest trying other methods first before you give that a spin. Because, technically, all teasing is is ratting your hair. Waxes pomades help create piecey looks and dirty up your hair. - Q:scared of fire alarms, normal ?!? - buy a plug in fan, or get air conditioningthat usually helps. - Q:how do dry chemical extinguishers put out a fire? - You have to order the appropriate roller replacement kit from HP (or CDW) and manually replace all the rollers depending on the printer model. - Q:How do I wash the reflective material? - 3M the number of washing can reach more than 50 times, I do this, you can rest assured that I hope you can understand ha! - Q:Why won't my dog pee on fire hydrant? Do only male dogs do this? - Based on reasonable suspicion, say an officer smells pot, that officer can search anywhere the driver has access. That means anywhere in the cab of the vehicle including the glove box. A locked glove box requiring a key can be debated. If the driver could have locked the glove box while leaving the keys in the ignition, fair game. If not no. That leaves the trunk. An officer can not go into the trunk of the vehicle without a warrant. If the officer finds even a seed, the car is then open for a complete search. The reason being that the car is considered exigent because it can leave the scene. Same thing with a dog hit. Consent leaves the entire car open to the officers. - Q:how do you paint behind a toilet? - The same reason you'd go to a hospital when you're sick instead of doing nothing and thinking God will save me because I'm righteous! God expects us to use what he's given us. And no, God isn't really stronger than science. He created the laws of the universe and even he lives by them. Of course, he controls them so it makes it kind of easy :) - Q:how could you prevent a fire in the home being caused by an electrical fault? - Dig to loosen the soil as deep and wide as the top part of the plant will get. If soil is hard and clayey mix in good quality potting mix. Add an inch layer on top of composted food scrapes/plant materials/worm castings. Mix in. Don't step on soil beds after loosened. Beds can be made about 4foot wide so you can reach the center, beds against fences or walls 2 foot wide. Walking paths in between 1 foot wide. Keep seeds and sprouts under 2weeks-1month old moist. Then water deeply so the water gets deep into the soil and infrequently letting the top of the soil dry in between watering to try to encourage deeper roots so you don't have to water as often. Underground irrigation could also be used to try to encourage deeper roots. Don't water the top part of the plant, only the soil/roots. Water an inch past the furthest root/branch, not just by the stem/trunk. Use rain water for irrigation. Don't let sticks/leaves in rain barrel. Consider plastic tube drip irrigation with automatic timer and rain sensor solar powered. keeping soil covered with mulch, chopped dead/fallen leaves, untreated organic non-toxic non-moldy wood chips(not walnut wood because its toxic to some plants), hay, dead grass, moss, or low-growing ground cover/cover crop(ex:herniaria glabra green carpet rupturewort) helps keep moisture in soil, and help prevent weeds. dont put mulch against the trunk, it damages the plant. Good job :D - Q:How should I carry my uncooperative cat if there is a fire? - I don;t think taping it was a good idea, if you show your parents your brother will get really angry. And most 19 year old boys are sexually active I doubt your parents will care that much, and possibly might get annoyed with you also, it wasn't a wise thing to do. I suggest you don't show any of your friends the footage as you could get bullied. If you don't like the idea of your brother having sex then maybe you shouldn't watch him! I am sure you wouldn't be too happy in a few years time if he did the same thing to you. Respect other peoples privacy. - Q:My house almost caught on fire? - I don't think they would have obtained the job without knowing this - due to food and hygiene laws if handling money or food, wearing gloves is essential - particularly if handling food items i.e. making a sandwich, wrap. Imagine in subway someone making a sub without gloves - there would be many a complaint. Although, dont know whether it will go down too well mentioning it, unless your more worried about the food you want to consume or whether u dont want them to close down as they are breaking the law - and it could be a big worry about food decontamination. Hope this helps and good luck xx - Q:how to get around alarm? - I have radiators thru out my house. They are heated by hot water. I had a place in the past where they were heated with steam. I put things on them all the time and nothing happens other than the things getting warmed. They do not get hot enough to even scorch paper or burn a person. I do keep a pan on a couple to fill with water to keep the inside humidity up. With the higher humidity, the house feels warmer. 1. Manufacturer Overview |Annual Output Value 2. Manufacturer Certificates |a) Certification Name 3. Manufacturer Capability |No.of Employees in Trade Department |No. of Production Lines |Product Price Range

New York Ironweed Also known as V. noveboriensis. Tall perennial with pointed lanceolate leaves. Purple flowers in large clusters in late summer are followed by rusty colored seed heads. Full sun, moist acidic soil, will tolerate drought. Native to RI. 3-7’ x 2-3’. © Robert H. Mohlenbrock @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS. 1991. Southern wetland flora: Field office guide to plant species. South National Technical Center, Fort Worth, TX.

Habitat & Range Western lowland gorillas are widely distributed throughout the Congo Basin, inhabiting Angola, Gabon Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Central African Republic and Equatorial Guinea. Inhabits a variety of moist, lowland forest types and swamps from sea level to about 8,000 feet (2,438 m). IUCN Status: Critically Endangered Population losses are due to illegal hunting, disease and habitat loss. Increased conversion of the gorillas’ habitat to agriculture is expected to increase. Illegal hunting continues despite intense anti-poaching efforts. Download the App! Get the FREE Denver Zoo app today, and be a pro the next time you visit the Zoo. You’ll get access to the Zoo map, daily activities and schedules, animal facts, and more. You can even load your membership card onto the app for additional convenience. It puts everything you need for an amazing Zoo experience right into the palm of your hand!

Bitter Gourd Hybrid Seeds. Seed Type: Hybrid and Non-GMO Bitter Gourd, Kakarkay, karela, pakarkay Number of Seeds 5 to 10 days Bitter Gourd Growing Tips in Container: Bitter Gourd is easy to grow in any type of vegetable garden. - All Seasonal. - The right type of soil is very important as nutrition’s are required for the growth of the plant. - Mix of soil requires Red soil, Vermicompost and Coco peat in respective ratios (40: 40: 20). Also add handful of Neem cake to each pot to keep the soil pest free. - Take Container/Grow bag with minimum 12-inch height. - Preferably 12X12 Or 15X15 Or 12X15 inch Grow bags or even bigger as per requirement - Sow your seeds 12-14 cm apart at a depth of 1⁄2inch (1.3 cm). - Keep soil moist to speed germination and encourage quick growth. - Sow the 1-2 seeds per pit. - Water regularly. - Seedling takes place within 5-10 days from the date of sowing. - Bitter Gourd need at least 3 to 4 hours Sunlight. - Check the plants regularly and spray neem oil and Panchagavya to keep the insects away. Add handful of compost for every 10-15 days for each pot to make sure soil has enough nutrition’s to grow plants. · Harvesting of Bitter Gourd can start after 60 days of sowing. Bitter Gourd Hybrid - Product Code: Bitter Gourd Hybrid - Reward Points: 1 - Availability: In Stock - Price in reward points: 70

U Jelly is a new donut shop located in Fountain Valley, CA on the corner of Brookhurst St. and Edinger Ave. (across from Mile Square Park). Here is a full U Jelly review, complete with pictures and notes on each donut that we tried. In the above picture, you can see the Taro Donut, Thai Iced Tea Donut and the Strawberry Shortcake Donut. Personally I am not a fan of Taro, so I didn’t try this one. Thai Iced Tea on the other hand is one of my favorite drinks, so trying that one was a no-brainer. U Jelly’s Thai Iced Tea donut is a hybrid between a cupcake batter and a donut, so it is very rich and moist. It has a really good Thai Iced Tea aftertaste (just don’t eat it while drinking Thai Iced Tea or else you won’t really taste it correctly). Their Strawberry Shortcake is also really good. It is a bit on the sweet side, but if you like Strawberry Short Cake I highly recommend you try it. I absolutely love Vietnamese Coffee, so when I saw they had two Vietnamese Coffee Donuts I had to try them both. On the left is their Vietnamese Coffee Donut and on the right is the Vietnamese Coffee Cake Donut. Both are good, but I thought the Vietnamese Coffee Cake Donut (right) was amazing. It has a moist cupcake consistency but the structure of a donut. It is packed with flavor and you can taste the rich Vietnamese Coffee from start to finish. This next one is probably my favorite donut. Not only because it tastes so damn good, but it is very original. This is their Pandan leaf donut with coconut milk frosting. If you only take one thing away from this U Jelly review, make sure you try their Pandan leaf donut! To be 100% honest, I don’t even know how to start describing Pandan leaf to someone who has never tried it. It is almost like describing honey to someone, because it is natural and sweet, but it has its own flavor profile that is very unique. Pandan leaves are used a lot in south east Asia (Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, etc.) so if you like Pandan leaf flavor you have to try this donut! Actually, I take that back… if you like coconut then you should try this out anyways because I am pretty sure you will love it. Their cinnamon roll donut was good, but I would love to see it executed a little differently. You get a ton of cinnamon roll flavor, but it all comes from the frosting. The donut itself is just another donut. I would love to try a donut where the donut itself tastes like a cinnamon roll. One thing I really like about their frosting is it doesn’t just taste like cinnamon. One of the unique flavor profiles of a cinnamon roll is the tangy flavor you get from the yeast in the dough. U Jelly’s cinnamon roll donut has that same tangy taste in the frosting which makes it spot on to the name. Here you have a coconut and flan donut. This is another one where I love the concept, but I think the execution could use a little improvement. The donut is 90% coconut with 10% flan just on the top. What I would love to see is the same donut, but with a flan custard injected into the donut. That way it is more like 60% coconut with 40% flan oozing out the middle. Here is their Fruity Pebbles donut, which tastes exactly like you think it would taste. One thing I really like about this donut is the fact that the donut has a subtle fruity pebble taste which allows the fruity pebble topping to really shine through in flavor. This donut really makes you want to have a glass of cold milk while your eating it. Let me introduce you to their Chocolate S’more donut. Yes, it tastes as rich and amazing as your mind is currently telling you. Warning, this is a very sweet donut so make sure you have a sweet tooth if you order this. This is the kind of donut that needs a glass of milk or milk tea to go along with it. This is their cookies and cream donut. Inside the dough, is a mixture of chocolate dough and cookie (cream color) dough so you get a nice black and white effect. This donut is extremely moist and it has great flavor that isn’t too rich. U Jelly also sells great drinks to go along with their donuts. On the left you can see their Hokkaido Milk Tea and on the right is their Thai Iced Tea. Hokkaido Milk Tea is a black tea mixed with a creamy foam and caramel. This tea has a ton of flavor and it also has a unique creamy and velvety texture. Their Thai Iced Tea with boba is also really good, but I favor the Hokkaido Milk Tea myself. If you are a donut lover or a foodie, I highly recommend you check out U Jelly in Fountain Valley. As a recap to this U Jelly Review, I recommend you try the following donuts: - Vietnamese Coffee Cake Donut - Pandan Leaf Donut - Thai Iced Tea Donut - Strawberry Short Cake Donut - Hokkaido Milk Tea (ask for easy on the ice) I will update this post as I try more of their items (they have stuffed croissants that I haven’t tried yet).

Bishop’s Cap cactus aka Astrophytum myriostigma (ass-tro-FY-tum MEE-ree-oh-STIG-mah) is a flowering spineless cactus species belonging to the Cactaceae family and genus Astrophytum. It is interesting to note that the name – Astrophytum – originates from the Greek word ‘astron’ for star plant. The beautiful succulent Astrophytum Myriostigma like other plants from this genus grows in a shape similar to that of a star. Bishop’s Cap Cactus Quick Care Guide - Botanical Name: Astrophytum myriostigma - Common Name(s): Bishop’s Cap cactus, Star cactus, Bishop’s Miter cactus, Bishop’s Hat - Family & Origin: Cactaceae, genus Astrophytum | Mexico - Growability: Easy - Grow Zone: USDA hardiness zones 10-11 - Size: mature 23″-39″ inches tall, ” inches around - Flowering: Yellow with red or orange center, spring or early summer. - Light: Light shade never full sun - Temperature: 50°-68° degrees Fahrenheit - Water: Low water needs - Fertilizer: Diluted liquid low nitrogen content fertilizer - Pests & Diseases: Mealybug, Plant Scale, Rot from overwatering - Propagation: Seeds - Grooming: None - Uses: Perfect house plant and window sill candidate It is known as Echinocactus myriostigma and several common names: - Star Cactus - Bishop’s Miter cactus, Bishop’s Hood, Bishop’s Cap, Bishop’s Hat - Deacons Hat - Miter Cactus - Monk’s Hood Bishop’s Cap is native to the highlands of northern and central Mexico, the plant grows in stony, calcareous soil. Cactus Astrophytum was introduced into Europe in the mid 19th century. In its natural habitat, the Bishop’s Hat grows at an elevation level of 2500′ – 5000 ‘ feet above the sea level and recommended for USDA hardiness zones 10-11. Bishop’s Cap Cactus (Astrophytum) Care Size & Growth Young Bishop’s cap plants are more or less spherical in shape, having the form of a globe. However, as the plant grows taller white hairy scales look more like a Bishop’s mitre, which is the traditional head-dress worn by bishops. Generally, adult Bishop’s Cap plants are star-shaped, with 5 protruding ribs having white dots or spots. However, keep in mind that the number of ribs can vary. The star plant may have only 3 ribs or, in more rare cases, as many as 10 ribs! The stem of a mature Astrophytum Myriostigma can grow up to 23″ – 39″ inches in height and around 8″ inches in diameter. The growth rate of Bishop’s Cap is slow and the plant takes its time to grow and produce flowers. Flowering and Fragrance While the foliage is attractive on its own, the yellow flower only adds to the beauty of Astrophytum Myriostigma. The daisy-like flower appears at the top of a mature plant and is usually no more than 2″ inches in diameter. Each flower blooms for about 2 days. However, the flowers bloom in succession so the flowering season can last for months. Yellow in color with a red or orange center, the flowers appear during spring or in early summer. Despite the slow growth rate, even young plants can bloom easily. These flowers have a faint trailing scent. Light & Temperature Astrophytum myriostigma enjoys light and warmth. However, young plants cannot handle strong sunlight. Plants do best in light shade and should never be placed in full sun. Keep in mind that these plants require winter rest. As the temperature drops during the end of the year, maintain the temperature below 50° degrees Fahrenheit to allow the plant to rest during winter. Watering and Feeding Astrophytum plants do not require lots of water. During colder weather, from October till March, refrain from watering them at all. Begin watering sparingly during March. Slowly, increase watering as temperatures rise. Keep in mind that while Astrophytum Myriostigma requires water in small amounts during the summer, it is important to make sure the plant is not overwatered. Just like water, these plants do not need to be fed a lot. Use a diluted liquid low nitrogen content fertilizer once a month during summer and stop as winter sets in. Soil & Transplanting Native to rocky terrain, Astrophytum Myriostigma grows best in a cactus soil or a mixture of 25% coarse sand, 25% pumice, and 50% potting soil. In order to protect the neck of the plant, spread a layer of sand over the surface of the soil in the pot. Because of the small root zone plant Astrophytum Myriostigma in small pots. If repotting is required, it is best to wait till early spring before transplanting these plants. Grooming and Maintenance Bishop’s Cap plants might be small (perfect for a window sill), and when it comes to grooming and maintenance, they are quite self-sufficient. There’s not much to do except for admiring the plant. For this reason, Astrophytum species are one of the easiest to grow and care for. How to Propagate Astrophytum Myriostigma The best way to propagate Astrophytum plants is from seeds. Use sandy and well-drained propagating soil. Lightly press the seeds in the soil. Maintain the temperature of the soil at around 78° degrees Fahrenheit, keeping it lightly moist. As the Bishop’s Cap seeds germinate and grow, move them to individual pots. The ideal soil to use for young plants is a mixture of: - 25% coarse sand - 25% pumice - 50% potting soil Also, don’t forget to sprinkle a thin layer of sand over the surface of the soil! Keep in mind that while it is advisable to provide young plants with as much light as possible. Keep them out of direct sunlight and excessively high temperatures as they are still too delicate to withstand these conditions. Astrophytum Bishops Cap Pest or Disease Problems These plants are resistant to most houseplant pests as long as they are kept cool during the winter. If kept in higher temperatures during the colder months, the plant is susceptible to attacks by mealybugs and scale insects. When attacks happen, remove the insects with the help of a toothpick and treat the affected areas with a piece of cotton dipped in alcohol. It is also common to notice brown patches around the base of older plants. However, if similar spots appear in younger plants, it is indicative that the soil is staying too wet. The best approach is to stop watering the plant. When needed, place the pot in a tray full of water. Allow the plant will take up all the water it requires in about 30 minutes. Also, spread a thin layer of sand over the soil as it helps keep the plant’s neck dry. Uses For Bishop’s Cap Astrophytum Cactus The small size and slow growth of Astrophytum Myriostigma make it an excellent house plant. The cherry on top – the beautiful yellow flowers offer a perfect alternative to add a little color to any household. As the Bishop’s Cap enjoys light and warmth, it is ideal for placing it near windows or on windowsills. It is one of the easiest to succulent cactus to look after and generally recommended to beginner gardeners.

First Aid is an immediate help which is given to a sick or injured person before sending him/her to the hospital for further treatment. FIRST AID KIT Importance of First Aid Reduces fear of death Brings hope and encouragement to the patient Relieves the victim’s pain Prevents the illness or injury from becoming worse Helps a person to recover from shock It shows spirit of helping each other. Components of the First Aid Kit and their Uses Identity components of the first aid kit and their uses First Aid kit is a small box which is used to keep instruments and chemicals for First Aid. The first Aid kit should be placed in a safe and accessible place. Components of the First Aid kit A pair of scissors New razor blade Gentian violet (GV) Petroleum jelly or Vaseline Iodine tincture or spirit Anti-pain (pain killers) e.g. Panadol Sterilized forceps and pins A pair of tongs Uses of the instruments and chemicals in the First Aid kit A pair of scissors:is used for cutting dressing materials such as gauze, bandages· Gauze:is used to cover the wound to prevent dirt and micro-organisms from entering. Assorted bandages: are used for securing an injured part in order to protect and support it. Adhesive plaster:are used for covering minor wounds/cuts and grazes· Cotton wool:is used for cleaning and drying wounds and applying medicine· New razor blade:used for cutting any flaps of skin when cleaning the wound. Gentian Violet (GV):is used as an antiseptic to clean wounds. Petroleum jelly or Vaseline:used for treatment of burns Safety pins:used for holding/securing bandages. Iodine tincture or spirit:used for cleaning wounds to reduce bleeding. Soap:is used for washing wounds, hands and medical facilities. Anti-pain (pain killers):used to reduce pain. Sterilized forceps and pins:are used for removing splinters and grit from wounds. Liniment:used to reduce muscle pains. A pair of tongs:used for holding pieces of bandages when cleaning the wounds. Antibiotic solution:is used for applying in the wounds for killing micro-organisms. The First Aider is a specialist who gives first aid. Qualities of the first Aider She/he should have ability to assess the problem and give immediate and appropriate help. She/he must be able to act quickly, quietly, calmly She/he should be sympathetic to the victim She/he should be able to recognize dangerous signs and give immediate help for example detecting immediately if -breathing has stopped or is failing -there is severe bleeding-poisoning-fractures She/he should be able to help the injured person without unnecessary movement Precautions to be observed by the First Aider The First Aider should keep himself/herself safe to avoid dangers from the patient. Some of the dangers that s/he may face include infection by pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.So they should: Wear protective gloves to avoid contact with blood Wear eye protection Wear masks and gowns. First Aid can be rendered to the victims of Bruises Fainting Burns Sprain Bone fracture Snake bite Procedures of Giving First Aid to Various Victims Outline procedures of giving first aid to various victims A poisonous snake has two fangs one on each side of the upper jaw. The fangs are as sharp as needles. At the root of the fang there is a poison gland. When the snake strikes, it jabs downwards hitting the skin with its fangs and releases a few drops of venom. Venom is the poison of the snake The action of striking forces the poison out and injects into the victim’s skin. Sign and symptoms Immediate pain and swelling after the bite The skin becomes purple One or two punctured points may be seen where the fangs passed through the skin Scorpions are armed with a single curved stinger in the tail. Through this, they inject powerful venom that may produce convulsions and temporary paralysis. The affected area feels as though is had been burned with a hot spark How to give first Aid to a victim of scorpion bite Put ice on the injured area to relieve pain and prevent spread of the poison Treat for shock Rush the person to the hospital When someone is bitten by a dog, keep the dog under observation to see whether it has rabies. Rabies is one of the worst diseases known. It is caused by a virus which is present in the saliva of the infected animal. If the animal has rabies, it will become restless, excitable, refuse to eat and barking tone will change. Later the dog then starts barking excessively. How to help a victim of dog bite Wash your hands well with soap and water Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water to remove the animal’s saliva using running water. Cover the wound with clean gauze. Bandage it carefully Take the victim to the hospital. Spider bites : Some spiders have a harmless venom to man. But the black spiders can be dangerous to man. The injured person becomes weak and dizzy, feels nauseated and the muscles of the stomach may become hard especially in children. Black and fire ants, bees : When a person has been stung by e.g. bees, severe pains are felt immediately.The person may be shocked, itching and swelling may follow. A victim of spider bite can be helped by sending him/her to the hospital. How to help Remove the insect’s sting Apply household ammonia and ice cubes Treat for shock Choking is caused when food or a foreign object becomes lodged in the windpipe. Have you ever been with a person who is chocking? Did you know what to do? When you are with a person that is chocking, first notice if person can talk, breath or cough. If so stay with that person until the air way is cleared by coughing. Caution: Do not try to slap the person on the back. The slapping may cause the food to become more deeply ledged in the wind pipe. If a person cannot talk or cough and appears to have a difficult in breathing, apply quick abdominal thrusts i.e. Heimlichmaneuver as follows; First stand behind the chocking victim Put your arms around the person, placing your firsts just below the breast bone as shown above. Give a series of quick, sharp upward and inward thrusts These thrusts push in on the diaphragm and the thoracic cavity suddenly decreasing its volume. Air pressure is exerted below the obstruction which projects it forcefully from the windpipe. A poison is any substance which can loss of one’s life or seriously endanger health when taken into the body. In every household there are different kinds of things which are poisonous. Some are deadly even on a very small dose. Others may be more or less harmless when taken in small quantities. Examples of poisonous substances at home are kerosene, disinfectants, paints, medicines, artificial fertilizers, etc. First aid to poisoning Look for the poison Identify the poison Neutralize the poison by giving the victim plenty of milk to drink or egg white or water. Induce vomiting if the poison is not strong acid or alkali as these are corrosive substance. If the problem is severe, rush him or her to the hospital. A person with a bone fracture experience the following; Severe pain around the injured part Lack of movement Fainting or shock How to help Treat for a shock Keep the patient absolutely quite Prevent further damage to injured part by using a splint. These are bones which have come out of place at a joint. How to help Bring the bone back into fixed position Bandage it firmly in place so that it does not slip out again Shock is a sudden violent disturbance of the mind or emotion Causes of shock Ways of preventing shock Lie down the person with his feet higher than his head Loosen the belt and shoes If the person is conscious give him some tea or any soft drink. Treat his/her wounds if any Stop any bleeding Keep the person warm if he/she feels cold How to help Switch off the electricity immediately If not possible to switch off the electricity, take the victim away from the source of electricity using a dry wooden material or rope. Loosen any tight clothes If the person is unconscious, apply mouth to mouth respiration Treat for shock Take the person to the hospital immediately A bruise is an injury beneath the skin. Bruises can be identified by pain, swelling or a mark under the skin. How to treat bruises Wash your hands using water and soap Wash the bruised part Apply cold clothes or ice immediately to reduce pain and swelling If swelling continues take the victim to the hospital Vomiting is an involuntary ejection of substance from the stomach through the mouth. Possible causes of vomiting Diseases e.g. malaria Physiological condition e.g. pregnancy Unpleasant smell or taste Drinking a lot of water when thirsty. How to help Give the person a rehydration drink or oral rehydration salts solution. Allow the person to have a complete rest If vomiting continues, take the patient to the hospital. Muscle cramps occur as a result of uncontrolled muscle spasms and contraction. How to help Lay the victim down Massage the cramped area gently Apply some anti-cramp ointment to the affected area If the problem persists seek for a medical help Muscle cramp can cause; Loss of movement Drowning is a situation where someone has stopped breathing due excessive drinking of water following sinking into water. Offering first aid to a drowned victim Lay the person on his back and tilt his head backwards so that his mouth falls forward Pull the tongue forward.Use a dry cloth to hold the tongue. Hold his nose close with your fingers Carry out mouth to mouth breathing by blowing gently into the person’s mouth about 30 times a minute but do not blow too hard.This process is called artificial respiration. Keep the person warm. Fainting is caused by a temporary fall in the blood supply to the brain, sometimes brought on by emotional shock or prolonged standing. How to help Keep the victim lying down with his/her legs raised in order to maintain blood pressure in the brain. Do not try to warm the victim. Loosen any tight clothing around the neck, chest and waist. Supply the patient with plenty of fresh air by fanning or mouth to mouth respiration. If there is no improvement rush the victim to the hospital. How to help the victim (a) Severe cuts Severe bleeding with blood flowing out rapidly must be stopped at once by pressing with fingers directly on the wound or pressing the edges of the wound together. Lay the victim down. If the wound is in a limb raise it provided it is not fractured. When the bleeding has slowed down press a pad of material over the wound and tie it rapidly in place. If blood oozes through, apply more material on top of the original pad. (b) Simple cuts Wash your hands well by using soap and water Wash the wound Cover the wound with clean dressing dipped in iodine solution and bandage the wound (c) Nose bleeding Bleeding usually occurs near the tip of the nose. The bleeding may be a result of diseases such as High blood pressure Rheumatic fever Or Nose bleeding is also likely to occur at high altitude as a result of cold. A nose bleeding victim How to help Let the victim sit quiet. This makes the heart beat to slow down and hence reduces bleeding. Let the victim lean the head slightly backward or make him/ her lie down on his/ her back. Press on the side of the nose where the blood is flowing for about 10 minutes. Allow the victim to breath through the mouth Apply cold, wet compression over the nose and face. If this does not work take the victim to the hospital The right position to offer first aid to a nose bleeding victim BURNS AND SCALDS A burn is caused by dry heat e.g. flame of hot object. A scald is caused by a steam or boiling water. The treatment is the same for both burns and scalds except that in scalds any wet clothing should be carefully removed while in burns clothing should be left in place. If clothes are burning cover the victim with a heavy blanket to cut off the air supply. Dip the burning limb into clean cold water or press the affected area gently with an ice block. Do not break the blisters. Cover the injured area with clean dry cloth to keep away bacteria entering the damaged tissue. If the situation is serious take the victim to the hospital immediately. CHEMICAL BURNS (ACIDS AND ALKALIS) How to help Strip off all clothing which has been contaminated by the chemical. Wash the affected area with plenty of water. Apply moist packs soaked in a weak solution of baking soda. Vinegar can be used for alkaline burns. Hiccups is due to involuntary contraction of the respiratory muscle, giving a characteristic sound How to help Pulling out the tongue The victim may swallow finely crushed ice Holding a breath for a long time may also help Children can be given a teaspoonful of a weak solution of sodium bicarbonate or lemon juice. Safety at Home and School Common Accidents at Home and School Mention common accidents at home and school What is an accident? An accident is something unexpected that may cause injury and sometimes lead to death. Accidents may be difficult to predict and prevent. Below is a list of some common accidents at home and school: Bites e.g. snake bite, insect bite, scorpion bite and dog bite. Burns caused by hot liquids, cooking pot, lamps, hot food, steam, burning wood, charcoals and those caused by corrosive chemicals such as concentrated acids and strong alkalis. Falls, e.g. wall falls, tree falls, bed falling, etc. Cuts and scratches caused by knives, hoes, razor blades and other sharp objects. Choking caused by drinks, food or objects Electric shock due to unguarded electric outlets and lightning. Poisoning caused by taking chemicals and excessive intake of medicines. Foreign bodies in the eye, ear and nose Drowning which may occur in very small amount of water such as baths, ponds, pit latrines, wells and water tanks. Nose bleeding, bruises, suffocation, fainting etc. A child crawling towards boiling water Ways of Maintain Safety at Home and School Explain ways of maintain safety at home and school Ways of preventing accidents at home and school include the following: Medicines and potential poisonous chemicals should be kept out of reach of children. Children should be monitored closely when playing. Sharp objects like broken bottles, razor blades and laboratory equipments should be well disposed of. Laboratory chemicals should be labelled and if possible appropriate warning signs should be indicated. One should not take medicine unless prescribed by the doctor. Bushes and tall grasses around the house should be cut to avoid harbouring snakes, bees and other dangerous animals. Students should observe and adhere to laboratory rules. Walls and trees that are at a risk of falling should be dismantled or cut down respectively. Flammable substances should be properly kept. Pits dug around the house should be buried. Pools should be drained if possible and all water storage containers should be properly covered. Avoid using charcoal to warm oneself during night when sleeping as continued inhalation of carbon monoxide from the charcoal may lead to death Burning candles should be put off when sleeping. Players should adhere to game rules. Laboratory doors should open outwards for easy exit in case of fire. Emergence door is also necessary for this case. Equipment like hoes, axes and knives should be properly kept Turn off all the gas taps after experiment. Ways of maintaining peace and safety at home and school Avoid risk behaviours such as playing near deep ponds, playing with knives, alcoholism etc. Dangerous things such as drugs should be kept away from children’s reach Report any dangerous event that someone engages in. Be positive and supportive to each other. Social problems occurring at home or school should be solved keenly. One should be good to him/herself. Parents should give their children education on how to live and interact with others. The Terms “Waste” and Waste Disposal Explain the terms “Waste” and waste disposal What is waste? Waste can be defined as unwanted materials or substances that are left after you have used something. Waste materials or substances are unwanted because the good part of them has been removed or it is not used. Types of Waste Identify types of waste According to physical state, wastes can be classified as; These are wastes which comprise of about 73% of the solid wastes. Example of solid wastes include house hold solid wastes such as vegetable, fruit and garden wastes, papers, cans, plastics, bread wrappers, broken glassware, batteries from watches, radios, mobile phones, etc. and junked automobiles. Industrial solid wastes These types of wastes include packaging materials, metal turnings, scrappers, plastics and junked automobiles. Medical solid wastes These include packaging, used syringes and soiled dressings. Market, yard and street sweepings These are wastes such as paper, glass, cans, plastics, and vegetable wastes. These are semi-solid wastes i.e. wastes which are neither solids nor liquids, for example, a mixture of livestock urine and cow dung. These are wastes which are in the form of liquid or watery materials. They contain less than 25% solid substances. Example of liquid wastes include water from sinks, wash basins and baths, urine, industrial effluent, oil spills and agricultural chemicals e.g. insecticides and pesticides. These are waste materials which are released into the atmosphere in gaseous state. Examples of gaseous wastes are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Most of the gaseous wastes come from industries and automobile exhaust fumes, laboratories and burning of organic materials such as plastics and polythene bags. Wastes can also be classified as Non- hazardous wastes Hazardous wastes: These are harmful wastes which can endanger the health of living organisms. Examples of hazardous wastes include paints, engine oil, car batteries, used syringes, soiled dressings, organochlorides, radioactive elements and heavy metals e.g. lead and mercury. Non hazardous wastes: These are wastes which are not harmful in that they do not endanger the health of living organisms. Examples of such wastes include packing materials, papers, plastics, cans, water from wash basins, baths, etc, vegetable, fruit and garden wastes and glass. Furthermore, wastes can also be classified as; Non- recycled wastes These are wastes which can be used to manufacture new products. The used materials are recycled instead of being thrown away. Examples of waste materials which can be recycled include metals, glass, papers, cow dung, beer bottles and plastic bags. Non- recycled wastes These are wastes which cannot be used to manufacture new products and cannot be used again e.g. soiled papers and cotton wool. Wastes ready for disposal Waste disposal is the process of getting rid of waste materials that people generate or the act of getting rid of unwanted materials and items of no value or in excess. Basic Principle of Waste Disposal Outline basic principle of waste disposal Principles of waste disposal Recyclable wastes should be separated from non- recyclable wastes Greater precaution should be observed when disposing hazardous wastes and it is important to separate them from other garbage It is important to use protective materials e.g. gloves when collecting and disposing wastes. Food and yard wastes should be separated from other garbage so as to be delivered to a compost site It is necessary to treat sewage before it is empted into the water bodies Sewage systems should be checked from time to time to control leakages Radioactive wastes should be disposed off by putting them in tanks and dipping them in deep oceans. Proper Ways of Disposing Waste Demonstrate proper ways of disposing waste Methods of waste disposal Most cities and towns have waste collecting departments or private firms that gather municipal solid wastes from homes and other buildings. This is the method which involves burning of waste products at high temperatures. This involves hauling garbage to an area owned by a community or a private firm. Land disposal may range from unsanitary open dumps to sanitary landfills. Unsanitary open dumps are poor methods of waste disposal because they cause environmental problems such as: May produce bad odors Ruin the area’s appearance Rain water drains through refuse and carry harmful substances to nearby streams and to water used for drinking. Decomposing wastes produce flammable gas called methane and methane explosions may result. Wastes disposed near community water source Sanitary land fills are intended to protect the environment. The waste is packed firmly by tractors and covered with specially manufactured materials. The covering is done in order to limit blowing papers, odors, fires and run off of polluted water. Note: A secure sanitary land fill is lined with materials that prevent water from carrying leachates (dissolved substances) from the refuse into underground water supplies. Waste bin collection This is intended to collect smaller quantities of wastes. The waste bins are placed along the corridors or in every room or house which in turn is emptied into big waste bins. Sewage is water that contains waste matter produced by human beings. It is also called waste water. Sewage comes from toilets and sinks of homes, restaurants, office buildings and factories Sewage system involves the use of collection pipes or pit latrines where the sewage is periodically removed and transported to a sewage works where it is treated to make it harmless. Recycling is the process of reusing the materials instead of throwing them away. The waste products are used to manufacture the same or different products such as: Cardboard or cow dung can be used to generate Biogas. Thermoplastics can be melted and remoulded. Organic wastes produced domestically or commercially can be composted. Kitchen refuse can be used to feed animals such as dogs, pigs, cattle, etc. Newspapers, magazines cartons and packing materials can be used to manufacture tissue papers. In Tanzania coffee husks are converted into a form of charcoal which is used for cooking Coconut and agricultural wastes can be converted into papers. Jute wastes can be converted into hard boards. Sewage and factory wastes can be purified to an extent that can be pumped into storage tanks and used for all domestic purposes. Glass bottles can be used for storing specimens or medicines. Waste generation reduction Waste reduction is deliberate effort to produce fewer wastes. For example, people can reduce waste by buying items that can last longer or have less packing. Effects of Poor Waste Disposal Explain effects of poor waste disposal The following are some of the effects of poor waste disposal; Produce bad odors Ruin the areas appearance Decomposing wastes produce flammable gas called methane and this may result to explosion of the gas which may cause a loss of material property and human life. Rain water drains through refuse and carry harmful substances to nearby streams and water used for drinking which may later lead to eruption of diseases like cholera and may kill organisms found in water Poor disposal of clinical wastes on land fill site may encourage bacterial breeding leading to possible infections in the area Unregulated dumps where waste is burned in the open can cause smoke and foul smelling air. Burning may also result into production of air pollutants which may affect the ozone layer and possible cause of respiratory diseases. The Concept of Health and Immunity The Concepts of Health and Immunity Explain the concepts of health and immunity Health is a state of physical, mental and social wellbeing. It involves more than just the absence of disease. A truly health person not only feels good physically but also has a realistic outlook on life and gets along well with other people. Elements of physical health Nutrition:Balanced diet provides all the food substances needed by the body for health growth and development. Exercise:Exercises help to keep the body healthy and fit. Vigorous exercises strengthen muscles and improve the function of the circulatory and respiratory system.Physical fitness benefits both physical and mental health and helps the body to withstand stress. Rest and sleep:Help to overcome fatigue and restore energy to the body. Everyone needs rest and sleepRest and relaxation are as important as sleep. After strenuous work or exercise a person may need a period of total rest. Cleanliness:Cleanliness prevents the growth of bacteria and other germs that can cause diseases. A regular bath or shower keeps the body free from dirt and odour. It also helps to prevent skin infections. Medical and dental care:Regular check ups by dentist and physician play an important role in safeguarding health. Doctors recommend that people seek medical care at first sign of illness. Early care can result in quicker cure and lower medical costs. Avoiding risk behaviours:Careful observation over a range of life style factors indicate that positive changes can bring about corresponding change in health status Risk behaviours that need to be avoided include: Smoking: cigarette smoking increases respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and increases risk of death from lung cancer and heart attack; Alcoholism: heavy, long term drinking has several effects on the body. It affects nervous system, cause liver disease (cirrhosis), etc; Drug abuse: drugs can cause addiction, long term harmful effects, disruption of normal life and some can lead to death. Mental health is as important as physical health and to a great extend depends on it. Elements of mental health Experiences during childhood strongly influence a person’s mental health throughout life. Children remain dependent for many years. At this period they learn certain guidelines for relating to other people. Thus children develop the knowledge necessary to deal with difficult situations in life. This knowledge helps them maintain good mental health throughout life. Emotional development does not end when a person reaches adulthood. An individual’s mental health continues to change from time to time. These changes result from daily circumstances that cause either pleasure or pain to the person. Stress handling is essential for avoiding both mental and physical illness. Feelings of stress are the body’s response to any threatening or unfamiliar situation. Causes of stresses include the following: Most severe stress may result from divorce or loss of job. Stress can also occur even in pleasant situations such as: Watching a football game, Waiting for a lovely one to return from a trip, etc. If not handled properly stress can lead to Physical or emotional illness High blood pressure No one can avoid stress but certain things that can be done to lessen it include: Regular exercises and sufficient sleep strengthens the body resistance to stress Relax by resting Taking a walk Working with hobby Close personal relationships with friends and relatives provide opportunities for communication, sharing and emotional growth.Such relationships also provide strength and support for dealing with challenging situations or personal problems. Importance of good health Enables people to enjoy life and have opportunity to achieve their goals. Sets someone free from attack by diseases. Enables people to work effectively and efficiently. Good health helps people to participate in social issues. Enables mothers to deliver healthy babies. Raises the family economy which in turn ensures peace and security within the family and the surrounding community. Types of Body Immunity and Their Importance Mention types of body immunity and their importance Immunity is the ability of the body to resist certain diseases and poisons. Immunity can also be defined as the ability of the body to defend itself against infectious agents, foreign cells and even abnormal cells such as cancer cells The scientific study of immune system is called immunology. The immune system comprises of a group of cells, molecules and tissues that help defend against disease and other harmful invaders. The invaders include disease-causing organisms (pathogens) such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virus and worms. A key feature of immune system is its ability to destroy foreign organisms, leaving the body’s own health tissues alone. The immune system consists of white blood cells, lymph nodes, spleen, liver and bone marrow. Types of immunity Basically there are two types of immunity Natural immunity is that which an individual is born with. Natural immunity can be divided into categories, namely: Natural active immunity Natural passive immunity Natural active immunity:This immunity develops in a body after a natural infection. After infection, antibodies are produced in the body. The antibodies normally reside in the blood or in other parts of the body. The body can make more antibodies whenever the pathogen tries to attack the body again. Natural passive immunity:This type of immunity is achieved during development of the foetus where antibodies pass from the mother to the foetus through placenta or through the mother’s milk after the baby is born. The antibodies disappear from the infant a few months after birth. Artificial immunity is that which an individual acquires during his/her life time. There are two types of artificial immunity Artificial active immunity Artificial passive immunity Artificial active immunity This is immunity introduced in the body by immunization. Immunization is the process of introducing a vaccine into the body of an animal in order to increase its ability to produce antibodies. These antibodies protect the person if he/she is exposed to the actual disease. Most vaccines contain disease-causing bacteria or viruses that have been killed. Others consist of the live germs but in a weakened form or attenuated. Toxoid vaccines are made from poisons produced by disease-causing organisms. These poisons are chemically treated so that they provide immunity without causing disease. Some vaccines are made from parts of disease-causing organisms. Vaccines have been developed against many diseases such as chicken pox, diphtheria, influenza, measles, meningitis, mumps, pneumonia, poliomyelitis, cholera, rabies, rubella (German measles), tetanus, whooping cough and yellow fever.Vaccines can be taken through, injection, rubbing or the mouth (orally). Artificial passive immunity This type of immunity involves the injection of serum into the body of an organism. Serum contains antibodies that have been formed in another person or animal. It provides immediate protection from infection and lasts for weeks or months and after that period there are no antibodies left in the body and therefore no immunity. Factors which Affects Body Immunity State factors which affects body immunity Factors which may lead to low of body immunity Alcohol and other toxic drugs. Lack of immunisation. Lack of proper balanced diet. Inability of the body to produce antibodies and white blood cells. Pathogens of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Personal Hygiene and Good Manners Concepts of Personal Hygiene and Good Manners Explain concepts of personal hygiene and good manners Personal hygiene refers to individual cleanliness. It mirrors on how one takes care of oneself. Good manners refer to acceptable person’s ways of behaving towards others. Principle of Personal Hygiene and Good Manners Outline principle of personal hygiene and good manners Principles of personal hygiene Eating balanced diet regularly to maintain good health The body should be washed daily and hair combed regularly Teeth should be brushed after every meal The nails should be cut short Wear clean and ironed clothes Avoid risk behaviours like smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, prostitution and others Wash your hands with soap before and after meals and after visiting a lavatory Have enough sleep and rest. Take regular exercises to maintain fitness Underwears should be changed regularly Bedding should be changed regularly Principles of good manners Respect – an individual should have good respect such as: showing great respect to elders by helping and greeting them decently; being polite and humble; and talking in a clear and calm voice. Tidiness – every body should look smart all the time. An individual should: keep the bedroom neat; brush shoes; wear clean and ironed clothes; cut nails and hairs short; comb or plait the hair nicely, etc. Discipline – an individual should be well disciplined e.g. avoid using bad language; cover, your mouth when sneezing, yawning or coughing; and portray good postures e.g. sitting properly in class and at home. Good eating habits (table manners) which include the following: Eating at regular time intervals; Avoid talking with food is in the mouth; Do not pile food up on your plate. Serve yourself with a reasonable amount while considering others; In case the food given is not good, make an excuse that you are not hungry or not feeling well rather than showing or saying that the food is not good; Don’t tell stories that will make others laugh when eating; Always wash your hands before and after eating Putting things in proper order: All objects in the surrounding should be kept properly and in a right place e.g.: Rubbish should be disposed as required; Books should be kept in shelves; Cooking and eating utensils should be kept well in the cupboards; Clothes should be properly ironed, folded and kept. Requirements of Personal Hygiene and Good Manners Mention requirements of personal hygiene and good manners Requirements of personal hygiene and good manners include towel, soap, comb, brush, basin, toothbrush, a pair of scissors, razor blades, water and cosmetics. Ways of Maintaining Proper Personal Hygiene During Puberty Outline ways of maintaining proper personal hygiene during puberty Puberty is the adolescent period. It is the period when one experiences physiological changes in the body. The physiological changes mark the beginning of adolescence.Puberty begins the age of 10 to 12 years for girls and 11 to 14 years for boys. Ways of maintaining proper hygiene during puberty Both sexes should wash their bodies regularly During menstruation, girls should use good quality sanitary towels or pads and change them as necessary. Boys should undergo circumcision and females should avoid female genital mutilation Underwears should be washed and changed regularly Both boys and girls should avoid irresponsible sexual behaviours such as prostitution and rape so as to keep away from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Hair in the armpits or pubic areas should be shaved or trimmed. The Importance of Personal Hygiene and Good Manners Explain the importance of personal hygiene and good manners Importance of personal hygiene and good manners include: Reduces chances of pathogen infection Enhances social acceptance in the society Prevents one from getting choked while eating Maintains natural body state Maintains personality of an individual in the society One becomes respected by others Maintains health of the body and mind Infections and Diseases The Meaning of the Terms Infection and Disease Explain the meaning of the terms infection and disease Infection is the invasion of disease-causing micro-organisms into the body. Disease is the disturbance of the normal state of the body. It is a disordered state of an organ or organism. Infections normally lead to diseases. Classification of diseases Diseases are classified as: Infectious (communicable) diseases Non-infectious (non-communicable) diseases Infectious (communicable) diseases These are diseases which can be transmitted from one person to another person. Communicable diseases are normally caused by micro- organisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa, etc Examples of infectious diseases include: malaria, typhoid, tuberculosis, cholera, gonorrhoea, syphilis, ebola, AIDS, chlamydia, etc. Many of the infectious diseases are transmitted by a way of: Droplet of liquid Food or water Touch or contact e.g. ringworm An intermediate organism called a vector e.g. malaria by mosquito and bubonic plague by rat flea. Diseases causing micro-organisms can enter the body through mouth, nose, skin, vagina, anus, penis, ears, eyes and open wounds. Infectious diseases can be: Epidemic disease – a disease that affects a larger number of people in a short period of time in a region for example, cholera, meningitis, bubonic plague, rift valley fever (RVF), tuberculosis, etc. Pandemic disease – a communicable disease which is wide spread over a country continent or the whole world, for example HIV/AIDS, etc. Endemic disease – a communicable disease which occurs in an area continuously for example, bilharzia, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), malaria (an endemic disease in tropical regions) and cholera (endemic in Asia). Non- infectious (non-communicable) diseases These are diseases which can not be transmitted from one person to another. Examples of non-communicable diseases include: Environmental diseases e.g.: Coronary (heart) diseases These diseases are due to lack of certain nutrients in the diet. They may be due to lack of one of the main food groups e.g.: Kwashiorkor: lack of protein Marasmus: lack of both carbohydrate and proteins Night blindness: lack of Vitamin A Beriberi: lack of Vitamin B1 Scurvy: lack of Vitamin C Rickets: lack of Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorous Anaemia: lack of iron Goitre: lack of iodine Excessive bleeding (haemophilia): lack of Vitamin K Genetic and congenital disorders e.g. Sickle cell anaemia Ageing and degenerative diseases e.g. Long sightedness due to weakening of eye muscles Arteriosclerosis (hardening of arteries) Arthritis – ageing of joint and bone tissues Mental illness e.g. Hormonal diseases e.g. Common Infections and Diseases Mention common infections and diseases Common Infections and Diseases include the following: AMOEBIC DYSENTRY (AMOBIASIS) TRYPANOSOMIASIS (SLEEPING SICKNESS) The Causes, Symptoms, Mode of Transmission and Effects of Common Infections and Diseases Explain the causes, symptoms, mode of transmission and effects of common infections and diseases Cause: It is caused by a bacterium known as Vibrio cholerae Severe watery diarrhoea and vomiting Fast and weak pulse Low blood pressure Wrinkled skin and sunken eyes due to dehydration Rapid loss of weight Cholera is transmitted through: Food or water borne material contaminated with faeces from infected person Handling of contaminated objects Vectors e.g. flies moving from human faeces to food. Cause:Malaria is caused by a protozoan called plasmodium. Signs and symptoms High fever. Fever may be continuous, irregular or twice daily. Lack of appetite General body weakness Malaria is transmitted by a female anopheles mosquito. The mosquito sucks blood containing plasmodium from the infected person and introduces them into the body of a health person. In rare cases malaria can be transmitted through blood transfusion from the infected person to a health person. Cause: It is caused by a bacterium known as Salmonella typhus. The bacteria damage the intestinal wall and other parts of the body like gall bladder, spleen and bone marrow. Signs and symptoms Slight abdominal pains Ulceration and rupture of intestine The disease is spread through Contaminated water and food Handling of contaminated objects Vectors of the disease e.g. houseflies Cause: T.B is caused by bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria can attack the lungs or any part of the body and destroy tissues. Signs and symptoms Loss of weight Blood in the sputum Through droplet infection Through drinking milk from infected cattle T.B is common in overcrowded areas with poor sanitation Appropriate Preventive and Control Measures for Common Infections and Diseases Suggest appropriate preventive and control measures for common infections and diseases Prevention of Cholera Wash hands after visiting toilet or latrine Food should be well cooked and drinking water should be boiled and well filtered Hands should be washed before and after eating Food should be well covered Utensils should be washed thoroughly Maintain general environmental cleanliness Control of Cholera The infected person should be isolated Special precautions should be taken when handling the infected person Vaccination is possible The disease can be treated by using antibiotics such as tetracycline, chloramphenicol Administering rehydration salt solutions May lead to death Extra medical expenses Failure to perform daily activities Prevention and control of malaria Spraying insecticides to destroy adult mosquitoes Introducing fish eating mosquito into stagnant water e.g. Gambusia that feed on mosquito larvae. Draining stagnant water to remove the breeding sites for mosquitoes Use of mosquito nets to prevent mosquitoes from biting people Screening the windows with mosquito-proof wire-mesh to prevent entry of mosquitoes in the house through the windows. Wear long-sleeved shirts and trousers to prevent mosquito bites. Mosquito larvae and pupa can be killed by spraying oil into stagnant water that cannot be drained. Taking regular weekly doses of preventive drugs to kill parasites on entry. Cutting bushes around the houses to destroy shelter for mosquitoes Using mosquito repellents to flee away the mosquitoes Anti-malarial drugs can be used to treat the disease e.g. quinine, fansider, mefloquine, chloroquine, etc. Can cause death Can lead to mental confusion in case of cerebral malaria Paralysis and unconsciousness Inability to participate in economic activities Increased medical expenses Prevention and control of Typhoid Wash hands after visiting the toilet Food and water must be protected from dust and flies Wash hands before and after eating Drink boiled water and eat properly cooked food; fruits should be washed thoroughly before being eaten. Vaccination can also help to control the disease Treatment: The disease can be treated by using antibiotics such as tetracycline,chloramphenicol, etc. Can cause death May cause ulcers and finally rupture of the intestine Prevention and control of T.B Elimination of the conditions under which TB thrives e.g. overcrowding, poverty level living and inadequate nutrition. Observing general personal hygiene, especially when coughing and sneezing. Early BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) VaccineThe Vaccine may be used for either of two reasons:(i) Protecting newly-born babies or children at particular risk of infection.(ii) Immunization of young persons or at risk groups in the community. Keeping children, in particular, away from risk situations. The use of sterilized milk and pasteurized dairy products Contact tracing so that risk to others may be minimized Treatment: Antibiotics such as streptomycin can be used to cure the disease. Effects of T.B Causes a number of deaths. Abscess full of pus may form near the lump in the spine. Shortening and thickening of the chest in case of TB of the spine. Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDs) The Meaning of HIV/AIDs, STIs, and STDs Explain the meaning of HIV/AIDs, STIs, and STDs HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and AIDS for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is thought that AIDS originated from central Africa. The HIV Virus which causes the disease appears to have migrated Via Haiti to the USA. The term acquired means become infected and immune deficiency means lack of immunity Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and venereal diseases (VDs), are infections that are commonly spread by sex, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex. Most STIs initially do not cause symptoms. There are more than 30 different sexually transmissible bacteria, viruses and parasites. The most common STIs they cause are gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis, trichomoniasis, chancroid, genital herpes, genital warts, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and hepatitis B infection. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Sexually Transmitted Diseases(STDs) Causes, Symptoms, Mode and Transmission and Effects of HIV/AIDs, STIs and STDs Explain causes, symptoms, mode and transmission and effects of HIV/AIDs, STIs and STDs Is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).The Virus attack the body’s immune system weakening it and making it more susceptible to infections and some cancers. It is important to realize that, infection with the HIV virus does not necessarily result in AIDS. As with other diseases, some people remain symptomless and are said to be carriers. Types of HIV Viruses There are two major types of HIV Viruses, HIV 1 and HIV 2.HIV 1 is the most predominant virus and it is more easily transmitted while HIV 2 occurs in a small number of people in West Africa, Angola, Mozambique and some parts of India. It is less virulent. Where in the body can you find HIV viruses? The virus in the body can be found in the following body fluids: blood, semen, vaginal fluid, tears, saliva and urine and breast milk. It is observed that semen, blood and vaginal fluids are more infectious. Signs and symptoms of AIDS A person infected with HIV may start to show signs of illness as from few weeks to many years. The infected individual may experience the following signs and symptoms: Tremendous loss of weight Diarrhoea for no obvious cause Coughing for more than one month Shortness of breath getting worse over several weeks Itchy skin rashes Thrush in the mouth and throat Loss of hair AIDS can be transmitted through any of the following ways: Sexual intercourse with an infected person Transmission from the mother to the baby during pregnancy, birth or breast feeding. Sharing sharp objects with infected people e.g. sharing needles, razor blades, tooth brushes etc. The infected person may exhibit a variety of conditions. Common bacterial, fungal and viral infections attack the victim. These are known as opportunistic infections. They include diseases like pneumonia, T.B, meningitis, candidiasis, cancer e.g. Kaposi’s sarcoma, etc. The Preventive and Control Measures of HIV/AIDs, STIs and STDs Outline the preventive and control measures of HIV?AIDs, STIs and STDs Prevention of HIV/AIDS Use the ABC method to prevent the disease: A-Abstain from sex B– Be faithful to your only partner C- use Condom. This means that you are advised to abstain completely from sexual intercourse. If you can’t then have one faithful partner and if this seems to be difficult then use condoms. Avoid sharing sharp tools with the infected individuals Blood transfusion should be done prior to HIV screening Pregnant mothers should attend clinic so that they get treatment that will prevent HIV transmission from the mother to the baby. Avoid all the risk behaviours, situations and practices that may enhance HIV transmission. The risk behaviours include drug abuse, prostitution, rape, anal sex, oral sex, alcoholism, unsafe sex, roaming in bars, guest house, etc. Management of STIs and HIV/AIDs Ways of Avoiding Risky Situations, Risky Behaviours and Practices Explain ways of avoiding risky situations, risky behaviours and practices Risky behaviours can be avoided by: Practising safe sex Applying non- penetrative sex e.g. kissing, hugging, etc. Delaying technique e.g. I’m required at home just now lets meet tomorrow Discouraging/negative words e.g. I’m HIV positive Discouraging peer pressure Engaging in sports and games which distract one’s mind from concentrating to sex. Showing a sense of dislike to express the way you are by wearing T-shirts, caps with various messages e.g. ‘say no to sex’, ‘practice safe sex’, ‘Mimi nimepima wewe je?’, ‘AIDS kills’ etc Necessary Skills for Avoiding Risky Behaviours, Practices and Situations Demonstrate necessary skills for avoiding risky behaviours, practices and situations So far there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but treatment is available. However, the disease can be prevented by the following ways: Avoid sexual intercourse. It is possible to live a healthy normal life without having sexual intercourse. Use a condom correctly every time you have vaginal sex. It is often hard to be sure that your partner is truly faithful and unaffected. Avoid multiple partners. Don’t have more that one sexual partner. Avoid alcohol and drug abuse as they affect your decision making ability thus leading you to unsafe sex. Avoid sharing needles and other skin piercing tools. Needles can be contaminated and HIV can survive in a syringe for a month or longer. Avoid contracting other STIs because they increase the chances of HIV and AIDS infection. For those who have been infected, they must get proper treatment from a qualified medical practitioner. Avoid risky behaviours such as going to night clubs, negative peer pressure and taking alcohol or drug abuse. These might put you in danger of being infected. Prevent mother to child transmission by: (a) counselling and treating the mother; (b) using caesarean section as a mode of delivery; (c) use of alternative feeding (milk) instead of breastfeeding; and (d) not sharing breast milk. Prevent transmission through organ and tissue transplants by screening both the donor and the patient. Prevent minor injuries which might lead to infection. This can be achieved through:(a) use of gloves; (b) use of sterile instruments; (c) avoiding direct contact with contaminated body fluids;(d) proper handling of contaminated human waste; and (e) decontaminating soiled surfaces and lined. Effective treatment of the infected through: (a) administering anti-retroviral therapy; and (b) prompt treatment of opportunistic infections. Care and Support of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) The Importance of Providing Care and Support to PLWHA in the Family Community and at School Explain the importance of providing care and support to PLWHA in the family community and at school Importance of care and support to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) include the following: It enables them to prolong their lives in case they are administered with ARVs. It reduces fear of death. It enables them to perform their daily activities without fear. It reduces depression and self dislike. Necessary Care and Support Services Provided to PLWHA in the Family, Community and at School Outline necessary care and support services provided to PLWHA in the family, community and at school People who are infected with HIV need care and support form their friends, families and the community, especially when they are ill. Friends and family members sometimes worry that they might be infected when caring for a person with HIV. HIV cannot be passed on by touching, hugging, coughing, or sharing eating utensils. It is possible for people who are infected with HIV to live long healthy lives. You can help those who are infected by: showing love, respect and support; knowing the facts about HIV/AIDS and talking openly about the disease; helping to reduce stress and stressful situations; helping to provide balanced and nutritious meals; seeking for support from family and friends as well as from other people who are HIV positive; encouraging them to live with hope; encouraging them to be active. Do not stop them from doing things they like; spend time with the sick person. For example help them to prepare their meals, clean their rooms, make their beds and take them to a walk if they can walk. Encourage family and friend to do this too; encouraging them to get treatment if they are sick. Most infections are easily treated and cured, even if a person is HIV positive. Cleaning their houses, utensils, clothes, etc.; trying to relieve any pain the person may be feeling, for example by administering pain killers; and treating them with respect and dignity making them as comfortable as possible. Precautions to be taken when handling PLWHA and STIs There may be situations where you need to clean up body fluids or blood from someone infected with HIV. Do not touch body fluids such as blood, stool and urine with your bare hands. It is important to use rubber or plastic gloves or other barriers such as plastic bags or thick cloth to prevent direct contact. Make sure that you have these easily available at all times. Wash the gloves or plastic bags in hot water every time after you have used them. Keep clothes and bedding with blood, diarrhoea or body fluids away from other washings. Wash the bedding and clothes with soap. Hang them where there is a plenty of sunshine and air circulation to dry well. Do not share toothbrushes, razors, skin piecing instruments, or needles Cover your wounds with a clean and sterile bandage. Buy disposable gloves so that once used they are discarded. Dispose off properly the vomits or bandages used when dressing wounds. Learn about the ways HIV can and cannot be transmitted. Talk to your friends and family. Contact your local clinic for more information The Effects of Discrimination and Stigma to People Living with HIV/AIDS to the Individual, Family and Society Explain the effects of discrimination and stigma to people living with HIV/AIDS to the individual, family and society HIV-related stigma and discrimination exist worldwide, although they manifest themselves differently across countries, communities, religious groups and individuals. Possible consequences of HIV-related stigma could be:

Common name: Native Passionfruit Passiflora herbertiana subsp. herbertiana Ker Gawl. APNI* Description: Twiner with stems, petioles and lower surface of leaves finely hairy, sometimes sparsely so. Leaves usually 3-lobed; lamina mostly 6–12 cm long, lobes broad and shallow, usually acute at apex; lamina rarely unlobed, sometimes juvenile plants with lamina 2–4 cm long and lobes rounded (similar to Passiflora aurantia); petiole mostly 1.5–4 cm long, with 2 glands at the apex; stipules linear, mostly 1–3 mm long. Flowers c. 6 cm diam., yellow to orange. Berry subglobose, c. 50 mm long, green with paler spots. Distribution and occurrence: Widespread in moist forest on coast and ranges, north from Narooma. NSW subdivisions: NC, CC, SC, CT, CWS Other Australian states: Qld Text by G. J. Harden, Flora NSW, vol. 1. Updated October 2006. APNI* Provides a link to the Australian Plant Name Index (hosted by the Australian National Botanic Gardens) for comprehensive bibliographic data ***The AVH map option provides a detailed interactive Australia wide distribution map drawn from collections held by all major Australian herbaria participating in the Australian Virtual Herbarium project.

Beer? Yes. Cupcakes? Yes. Beer and cupcakes? YES! You don’t need to convince us. Not at all. We love cooking with wine for dinner, so incorporating alcohol into the dessert course is a brilliant idea. Every beer enthusiast, and everyone with a sweet tooth, will be gobbling up this treat – our Guinness chocolate cupcakes! Guinness stout is thick and creamy, with notes of malt, coffee, chocolate, and toffee. In other words, it belongs in a dessert! We add a hefty cup of this beer to chocolate cake batter. The end result? An indulgent, moist cake with huge flavor that will make you go crazy. As crazy as the rowdiest St. Paddy’s Day celebration. The stout will not be a noticeably strong flavor in this dessert. Much like when a little bit of coffee is added to sweet recipes to amplify the chocolate flavor, like in our classic chocolate cake and coffee-infused warm chocolate cakes, the stout acts as this complementary ingredient. It’s subtle, dark, creamy, rich… Oh, I nearly forgot about the frosting! A base as decadent as this one needs an even more outrageously delicious topping. We flavor a classic buttercream with – no surprise here – Baileys Irish cream. Double the kiss-me-I’m-Irish flavor. Double the fun. Cooking by the Numbers… Step 1 – Prep and Gather Ingredients Heat oven to 350°F. Grease or line two 12-cup muffin tins. Prepare a stand mixer with a bowl and paddle attachment. For the icing, set out the butter, and measure the confectioner’s sugar, salt, Irish cream, and heavy cream. Step 2 – Heat the Stout Mixture for the Cake In a small saucepan, melt the butter. Once it is completely melted, whisk in the Guinness, cocoa powder, and brown sugar. Continue whisking until the brown sugar has completely dissolved, and the mixture is smooth. Remove from the heat and let cool at room temperature. Want even more dynamic flavor? Before adding the other ingredients, let the butter continue cooking until browned, but not burned. It will add a toasty, nutty flavor to the dessert. Learn our technique for successfully browning butter! Step 3 – Make the Cake Batter In the bowl of the stand mixer, sift together the all-purpose flour, granulated sugar, baking soda, and salt. Add the chocolate mixture, and mix on medium speed with the paddle attachment for about a minute. It will become a thick, uniform batter. Add the eggs one at a time on low speed, waiting to add the second egg until the first is fully incorporated. Add the sour cream, and mix until just combined. Do not overmix. Step 4 – Divide and Bake Using a spoon, or a cookie scoop for more even portioning, distribute the batter amongst the 24 cups of the prepared muffin tins. The batter should fill each cup about 3/4 of the way full. Place the tins in the oven and bake for 20-25 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center of a cupcake comes out clean, with just a few dry crumbs clinging to it. Immediately remove the trays from the oven. Allow the cupcakes to cool in the trays for about 5 minutes before transferring to cooling racks to cool completely. Step 5 – Make the Icing As the cupcakes are cooling, prepare the icing. In a clean bowl of your stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, beat the butter until light and fluffy. On low speed, add one cup of powdered sugar at a time. Add the salt. Once all of the sugar has been incorporated, beat the mixture on medium speed until thick and fluffy. Add the Baileys and continue mixing. If the buttercream is too thick, add about 1 or 2 tablespoons of heavy cream. Step 6 – Decorate and Serve Once the cupcakes have completely cooled, decorate with the frosting. You can use a piping bag or an offset spatula to smear the icing on top. Garnish as desired, and serve! Bring Your Favorite Brew to the Dessert Course! The next time you’re craving a pint and something sweet, reach for one of these cupcakes. While they’re great for your Saint Patrick’s Day party, these handheld sweet delights are perfect any time of year. We’ll certainly be enjoying them as often as possible! And if you already know you’re a fan of Guinness, we have other sweet and savory recipes for you try that feature this malty brew., as well as all of our St. Patty’s Day favorites, like our easy Irish soda bread. What do you think of this brew-tastic version of a chocolate cupcake? And how about that delicious buttercream frosting? Let us know if you’ll be making these soon in the comments below! If that sweet tooth won’t quit, make a few of our other cupcake recipes we love: - Paleo Carrot Cupcakes - Pancake Cupcakes with Maple Syrup Frosting - Pomegranate Chocolate Cupcakes - Vegan Vanilla Coconut - Double Chocolate Don’t forget to Pin It! Photos by Nikki Cervone, © Ask the Experts, LLC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. See our TOS for more details. *Nutritional information derived from a database of known generic and branded foods and ingredients and was not compiled by a registered dietitian or submitted for lab testing. It should be viewed as an approximation. About Nikki Cervone Nikki Cervone is a full-time cheesemonger and specialty foods buyer living in Pittsburgh. Nikki holds an AAS in baking/pastry from Westmoreland County Community College, a BA in Communications from Duquesne University, and an MLA in Gastronomy from Boston University. When she's not nibbling on her favorite cheeses or testing a batch of cupcakes, Nikki enjoys a healthy dose of yoga, wine, hiking, singing in the shower, and chocolate. Lots of chocolate.

January 15th, 2021 | Updated on June 27th, 2022 For a wife, finding the best gifts for her husband always is a difficult task. Which one to choose, and which one to ignore. Don’t worry, we have selected 20 delightful gifts you can give your husbands. These gifts will be loved by every type of husbands. 1. How To Dress An Egg: Surprising And Simple Ways To Cook Dinner Ned Baldwin, a home cook who taught himself to be an excellent chef, sees no reason why anyone else can’t do the same. By showcasing one ingredient per method, Baldwin introduces all the skills a cook will ever need to prepare endless pleasurable meals. Get a big, beefy hit from a hanger steak by cooking it in the oven; master salad-making with leafy greens; grill fillets of sea bass for crispy skin and moist flesh; roast an explosively juicy chicken (the secret is to cook it on the floor of the oven); bake leeks to soft perfection; and more. 2. Prosource Acupressure Mat The Prosource Fit Acupressure Mat and Neck Pillow Set is an effective, affordable, and natural home remedy for muscle pain, stress, insomnia, and more. This process improves blood flow, helping the body to release toxins and promoting muscle recovery – ideal for post-workout or during savasana at the end of a yoga session. It can be used not only lying down, but also while seated at a desk chair or on the couch. 3. Drillbrush Bathroom Surfaces Cleaning Kit The 2in brush is great for spot cleaning and detailing. Use it to clean delicate embroidery and touch up tires (pictured above) and lug nuts.The 4in brush is built for flat surfaces. Scrub couch cushions, windows, windshields, and carpets (pictured above) with ease!Tight corners are no problem for the Original brush. The bullet-shaped design can hit the corners of car-seats, rims (pictured above), sofas, and more! 4. Überlube Luxury Lubricant Pure, Premium Lubricant – Uniquely designed to transfer sensation while reducing friction. Single hand use measured pump for the perfect amount every time, even in the dark. Unscented & Water-Friendly – Great for fun in pools, lakes, and tubs, while leaving no traces of scent, and being completely flavorless. 5. Riedel O Wine Tumbler Champagne, Set of 2 The handy machine-made champagne glass of the space-saving glass collection O wine tumbler attracts attention through its stemless design. This makes it less susceptible to glass breakage and easy to put into the dishwasher. This classically shaped glass is often used for light, fresh, dry champagnes. However, this shape is the choice of those connoisseurs who choose their glass from an aesthetic point of view. 6. Greens Steel Stainless-Steel Straw Set If you have never used straws made from steel before and you are afraid that it’s too risky to drink your beverages that way, then we reassure you that there’s no need to worry. BPA-free, Phthalate-free, Lead & Toxin-free, that set of straws is going to treat you like royalty. Thanks to their stainless steel quality, our majestic straws are never going to get broken or rusty. 7. Postcards From Penguin: 100 Book Covers In One Box This is a collection of 100 postcards, each featuring a different and iconic Penguin book jacket. From classics to crime, here are over seventy years of quintessentially British design in one box. In 1935 Allen Lane stood on a platform at Exeter railway station, looking for a good book for the journey to London. His disappointment at the poor range of paperbacks on offer led him to found Penguin Books. The quality paperback had arrived. Declaring that ‘good design is no more expensive than bad’, Lane was adamant that his Penguin paperbacks should cost no more than a packet of cigarettes, but that they should always look distinctive. 8. Daler Rowney – Ivory Artist’s Hardback Sketch Book Micro perforations allow for easy and neat removal of pages. Each page measures 8.3 x 5.9 inches.Perfectly suited for a variety of mediums, including pencils, pens, paints, chalks, pastels, and charcoals.The leather-look hardcover of these books makes them perfect for drawing and sketching alfresco. 9. Wise Owl Hammock Years ago we set out to make an awesome, high quality hammock at an affordable cost. Since our first hammock, we have expanded our product line to include many useful and eye-catching products under the Wise Owl brand.whether it’s a grueling backpacking trip, a short weekend hike or an extended family campout. The gear that you take with you and use, can make all the difference whether or not your trip is enjoyable. Make no mistake; our products our very well made and are of the same quality as some of those much higher cost brands. 10. Highball & Chaser Elite Bartender Kit with Stylish Bamboo Stand Highball & Chaser is a family owned company, ran by a former bartender. Quality products and outstanding service are the backbone of our company. We know you take pride in the way you entertain your friends and family and we are here to help. We supply superior bar tools that will last a lifetime. If you have any problems, we will make it right. Cheers! I’ll drink to that. 11. Neutrogena Hydro Boost Use Neutrogena Hydro Boost Hyaluronic Acid Gel-Cream Moisturizer to instantly quench and provide long-lasting moisture relief for your extra-dry skin. This daily facial lotion helps quench extra-dry skin and keeps it looking smooth, supple, and hydrated day after day. The unique gel-cream formula absorbs quickly like a gel, and has the long lasting moisturizing power of a cream. It is formulated with hyaluronic acid, a Hydrator found naturally in the skin, attracts moisture and locks it in. This moisturizer formula for dry skin results in more supple, healthy-looking, and smooth looking skin. 12. Artisan Griller Insulated Cooking Gloves Made with food-grade neoprene rubber and an exclusive tire tread design, Artisan Griller Gloves are water, fire, oil & stain resistant. You’ll also get an impressive grip on your BBQ regardless of water or oil with the tire tread grip. Fry turkeys and pull pork without the risk of getting burned from hot grease or oil.The double jersey cotton liner provides an easy on/off glove that breaths and stays cool on your hands. This means comfort and insulation to protect your hands from the heat. You can slip them off even if greasy or wet. 13. Moleskine Volant Journal Small, soft cover journals with detachable, tear out pages in Moleskine’s classic quality – perfect for to do lists, reminders, and personal notes. Packs of two journals come in complementary colors, to keep your notes organized.Every page is perforated & detachable in these small Moleskine journals. Vibrant colored covers help you keep your notes & to do lists organized, & the quality, ivory paper makes for elegant handwritten notes. 14. Zojirushi Stainless Mug, Slate Gray Zojirushi stainless steel mug features Vacuum insulation that keeps beverages hot or cold for hours. The stopper disassembles for thorough cleaning. 2-Step lid release process prevents excess condensation on the stopper from being flung off while the lid opens. The air vent on the mouthpiece allows beverages to flow out smoothly, without gushing or overflowing. 15. Nidar Smash! Original With a one hundred year old history, Nidar today is the leading supplier of sweets to the Norwegian market. Nidar has a proud brand legacy, with chocolates and other sweets that most Norwegians remember from their childhood. At the same time, Nidar constantly focuses on innovation by developing new products. Both the development and the production of Nidar’s sweets take place at the original factory in Trondheim. 16. Calvin Klein Men’s Cotton Stretch Multi-Pack Boxer Briefs An updated, 3 pack of cotton stretch boxer briefs featuring an elastic waistband with an iconic Calvin Klein logo. Stretch fabric provides comfort and shape retention. 17. Verso Deep Hydration Mask Verso Deep Hydration Mask uses hydrogel technology to provide deep and lasting facial hydration.The hydrogel technology is a stable emulsified hydrogel that provides great affinity. This technology is very effective thanks to a mesh of hydrogel loaded with active material. It keeps your skin smooth and fresh. 18. Kicking Horse Coffee, Dark Roast, Whole Bean Sweet, smoky, audacious. If there’s something worth doing, we think it’s worth doing great. This remarkable blend of beans is the spirit of Kicking Horse Coffee, and a bold invitation to wake up and kick ass with us. 19. David Archy Men’s Cotton Sleepwear Button-Down Pajamas Set The mens pjs made of advanced mercerized cotton, more natural and comfortable than other normal cotton. David Archy always focused on Superior quality pajamas for men. The highlights the neckline cuffs and bottoms with twill contrast,adhere to the “simple yet stylish, simple yet trend” as the men pajamas set design. 20. Jack Black Intense Therapy Lip Balm SPF 25 This conditioning lip balm protects lips from sun and wind as it soothes and moisturizes. Field tested in extreme conditions, this hydrating balm contains antioxidants and superior moisturizers to provide lasting treatment benefits. Provides broad-spectrum UVA and UVB protection.

Eternal Daphne Plant. One of the most fragrant spring flowering shrubs is a daphne. Daphne eternal fragrance plant diseases & pests. Refill soil around the plant, water well, and mulch. One of the longest blooming daphnes is eternal fragrance. Dip the cutting in rooting hormone. Make Sure The Mulch Remains Moist, And Make Sure The Shrub Gets At Least 1 Inch Of Water Per Week Through Rainfall. Ants carry aphids up the tree. Odora) is the variety to choose if you like a powerful fragrance. Rated 5.00 out of 5 based on 1 customer rating (1 customer review) sku: Place The Pot In Partial Shade, And Keep Moist And. They are noted for their scented flowers and often brightly coloured berries.two species are used to make paper. They can be found in mixed borders, shrub borders, woodland areas and rock gardens. It will not tolerate lime or alkaline soil at all. Δάφνη Laurel) Is A Genus Of Between 70 And 95 Species Of Deciduous And Evergreen Shrubs In The Family Thymelaeaceae, Native To Asia, Europe And North Africa. A wonderfully fragrant plant, eternal fragrance daphne is the longest blooming of the daphne and grows quite happily in dappled sunlight. Dismantle the anthill and pour boiling water on it. Wear gloves and other protective equipment when handling. Plant The Cutting In A Pot Filled With A Damp Mix Of Six Parts Compost And One Part Perlite. A wonderful evergreen for rock gardens, small spaces and borders. Before planting daphne, dig the soil over well and add in plenty of compost and weathered manure. In areas with ph neutral or slightly alkaline soils, daphne should be grown in a pot. This Video Discusses All You Need T. Plant 'eternal fragrance' in a full sun position for outstanding results. Four feet (1 m.) tall with narrow, glossy leaves, it is the type most likely to. The long story behind the eternal daphne.

Integrated Wine Cellar Humidifier 50Hz & 60Hz Wine Guardian mounted humidifier with power-control cable and mounting plate. Powered directly from Wine Guardian® unit; no separate power source required. Integrated wine cellar humidifiers add moisture to the air at the wine cellar conditioning unit instead of directly in the wine cellar. These humidification systems mount directly to either side of our self-contained ducted cooling systems or ductable split cooling units and add moisture directly into the airstream, with suggested humidity control up to a maximum of 60% RH. For 50Hz and 60Hz. To achieve relative humidity above 60% RH, we recommend using a Wine Guardian standalone humidifier, which is located inside your wine cellar and will add moist air directly to your wine cellar. Contact us for pricing.

Have you ever wanted to grow some mushrooms? Mushrooms are an awesome addition to any garden. For Mushrooms to grow, they need a dark, moist environment. Organically derived substrates such as straw, compost, manure, sawdust, and coco coir retain moisture and produce higher, healthier yields. The 6 Steps to growing mushrooms are: - Choosing the variety - Obtaining the Mushroom Spawn Growing your own mushrooms is easier than you think. In this article, I’ve shared a step-by-step guide to growing mushrooms and what factors you need to care about to increase the yield of mushrooms. Is it Hard To Grow Mushrooms at Home? Mushroom cultivation at home is both complex and easy at first. However, once you’ve mastered the technique, mushroom cultivation isn’t as complicated as gardening in general. You may even find it easier than growing plants as they can be found scattered on lawns and vegetable gardens without intervention. By getting a mushroom cultivation kit, you can take the guesswork out of cultivating mushrooms for the first time and reduce some of the anxiety associated with it. Kits typically contain everything needed to produce mushrooms, along with instructions. Almost any type of mushroom can be cultivated at home, but some are simpler to grow than other species. Home-based mushrooms (shiitake mushrooms etc.) are promising options for people that are just starting off with mushroom production. You can get kits for these home-based mushrooms, but if you want, you can also find mushroom spawns. They are manageable, and they come in many varieties. Home-based mushrooms like Enoki mushrooms are cultivated in both nature and the home. If you are interested in growing your own mushrooms, I have found this organic growing kit from amazon to be cost-effective and produce yummy mushrooms with minimal effort. It’s perfect for both beginners and enthusiasts alike. You can find it by clicking here. Steps To Cultivate Mushrooms: Here are a few instructions you should follow to grow high-quality mushrooms: Choose a Variety of Mushrooms: Start by choosing the ideal type of mushrooms to cultivate. Some homegrown mushrooms like Button mushrooms and Enoki are suitable for new mushroom growers. They are simple to develop and don’t have any complicated instructions to follow. Get Mushroom Spawn: After selecting your ideal species of mushroom, you need to buy spawn or spores of that mushroom. Spawn is a substrate with its root structure already growing, while spores are just like a seed. It is better to purchase spawn rather than spores. Mushroom spores can take a lot of time to grow, while mushroom spawn already has a growing mycelium, so they require less time to develop. Inoculate the Substrate: Next, you need to put your mushroom spores or spawn in a growing medium. This step is mainly skipped, but it can be beneficial for the high-quality growth of mushrooms. This introduction of mushroom spawn to a substrate is done under sanitary conditions. This decreases the chance of any form of mold forming on the mushroom culture. After you finish insulating the substrate, you need to incubate it. You should pick a dark, warm spot in your room and put your mushroom culture there for some time. After some months pass, the mushroom will consume the substrate and mature into a fully grown form. Now that your mushroom has grown, it is time to shift the cultivating conditions to fruiting conditions. Snip the container or bag open and disclose your growing mushroom to the outside air. Remember to water your mushrooms regularly. By putting them in the necessary condition, your mushroom will soon start to fruit. Harvest Fully-mature Mushrooms: After the fruiting is over and the spores have shed, you need to collect the mushroom. Snip the mushroom cap from the remaining part of the fungi. Avoid tugging or yanking the mushroom. Tugging the mushroom too harshly can damage the mycelium. So, we recommend using a sharp tool to remove the mushroom caps. Then you can store these mushroom caps or cook them. Types of Mushrooms to Grow You can enjoy fresh mushrooms any time at home by growing them yourself. For home growing, the best variety is oyster mushrooms, but you can use any type of mushroom. Growing mushrooms at home are easy, but you should choose them from organic sources. No special equipment to propagate store-bought mushrooms, all you need is a good Here is a list of easy-to-grow mushrooms: - Oyster Mushrooms - Shiitake Mushrooms - Button / Cremini / Portobello Mushrooms The most common types of mushrooms that people grow in their homes are oyster mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms. These two varieties are very popular because they have a high yield per unit area. They also do not require much attention during growth. The other types of mushrooms such as enokis, button mushrooms, portobellos, maitakes, etc., are less commonly used because they take more work and attention than the first two. How to grow mushrooms at home using mushroom kits Growing mushrooms at home is easy, fun, and inexpensive. All you need is some clean soil, a light source, and a container. The best thing about growing mushrooms at home is that you can control everything from the temperature to the lighting. If you want to grow mushrooms for profit, then you should look into purchasing a mushroom kit from Amazon. The most beneficial part of purchasing a mushroom kit is that the most time-consuming part of growing mushrooms, sterilizing and inoculating the growth substrate, has already been done. You just have to cut open a little window in the bag, soak it face-down in water, and then place the kit in a cool, dimly-lit room. Types Of Mushroom Kits There are many different types of mushroom kits available on Amazon. Some of these include: 1. Oyster Mushroom Kit – This is the best type of mushroom kit to start with if you want to grow mushrooms at home. It includes everything you need to get started, including a starter culture, substrate, and instructions. 2. Enoki Mushroom Kit – This is an excellent option if you already know how to grow mushrooms or if you want to try growing enokis. It contains everything you need to get going. 3. Shiitake Mushroom Kit – This is another great option if you want to grow shiitakes. It has everything you need to get your feet wet, including a starter culture. 4. Maitake Mushroom Kit – This kit will help you learn how to grow one of the most delicious varieties of mushrooms. It includes everything you will need to get started. 5. Button Mushroom Kit – This is a perfect kit for beginners who want to grow button mushrooms and is also easy to set up. 6. Portobello Mushroom Kit – This kit is great for anyone looking to grow portobellos. It contains everything you will need to begin. How Long Does it Take For Mushrooms To Grow? The amount of time it takes to grow mushrooms relies entirely on what type of mycelium you plan on growing and the method you are following. When you cultivate mushrooms with a mushroom kit, it requires about 11-13 days to form mature mushrooms. Substrates rich in minerals and nutrients, on the other hand, will grow faster, though they will require purifying medium and inoculation in a laboratory. So, it is better to get a substrate that is abundant in nutrients and minerals. The use of substrates rich in minerals will require purifying media and using a laboratory, but the advantages of increased yields and quick fruiting will outweigh any inconvenience. If you are maturing mushrooms without a kit, it might take time to see any growth. The entire cycle of cropping up mushrooms from spores to evolved mushrooms takes anywhere from 5 weeks to 8 weeks for the most common types of homegrown mushrooms. Similarly, PsilocybeI (also known as magic mushrooms) can come into existence from spores within five weeks to eight weeks. The process of inoculating the substrate with mycelium takes one week to four weeks. Fruiting takes a few days to almost a month once the substrate has been prepared. Shiitake mushrooms (and other mushrooms grown on logs) require one to two years to inoculate the log before you can collect them. Logs can be farmed annually. How Often Do You Need To Water Mushrooms? Depending on the varieties of mushrooms you’re cultivating, the pot or container, the moisture content in the soil, and their appearance, you’ll need to water them more often or less often. Generally, watering once a day is not enough; spray 3-6 times on each side twice a day with a spray bottle. Mushrooms are almost 100℅ water, so they must be watered on a daily basis. Whenever the soil is parched, spray 2 – 4 times a day if you can give attention to your mushrooms more frequently. Spraying 2 – 4 times a day will increase development, especially after your mushroom shows its first sign of growth. When you mist your growth kit mushrooms, leave it sitting on its rear side so that water does not spill out. You can tell that your mushrooms are dehydrated by a number of signs. If the mushroom caps start to tear up, they are dehydrated and require extra water. Keep them soaked every day until they are ready to harvest. For home-based mushrooms like shiitake mushrooms, water them three times each day when you first plant them. As they begin to peek through the soil, you can increase the frequency to several times a day. Be careful not to water the mycelium; only water the ground where mycelium is growing. See our detailed post on how to water mushrooms to produce the best yields. Do Mushrooms Require Daylight? Mushrooms are a type of fungi. They are not autotrophs and can not generate energy on their own. They depend on other species and nonliving matter for nutrition. Mycelium does not have chlorophyll and doesn’t need daylight for proper functioning. Although mushrooms need as much darkness as possible to spawn, some amount of light is not harmful to them. Also, fruit bodies are formed only after receiving a small amount of indirect dim light, so mushrooms do need a faint light source to develop fruit. However, mushrooms often grow in dull, woodland settings where they receive screened light. They can also be grown indoors under indirect sunlight or a fluorescent lamp. Do Mushrooms Cultivate Faster in The Dark? The answer is YES. It should be noted that the main distinction between fungi and green plants is the way that mycelium makes use of daylight. Fungi cannot transform sunlight into fuel, so light is not as crucial for them. During the blooming period, mushrooms only use light from the sun for a few moments a day. If you are developing mushrooms, you should keep them in humid places and only disclose them to the sun for a limited time a day. The growth of mushrooms is more influenced by darkness than by sunlight, contrary to popular belief. For a mushroom to flourish, the soil must be more than 80℅ water, and atmospheric humidity must be more than 80℅ moisture. Darkness retains moisture better. Water droplets in the air do not vaporize quite as rapidly when daylight is not present. Hence, mushrooms don’t lose water to transpiration and grow better. What Temperature Do Mushrooms Need To Grow? Winter is particularly hard on mushrooms. They particularly dislike the desert-dry air that is often associated with more bitter conditions, and a hint of a chill is disastrous for them. For mushrooms to produce abundantly, humid conditions and temperatures above 55 degrees F do the trick. Still, temperatures shouldn’t rise too high above 65 degrees, although they can tolerate a bit of heat. We recommend keeping your grow kit at 24 degrees Celsius or 75 degrees Fahrenheit when you are growing psilocybin mushrooms because that is the optimal temperature for growth. Ensure the climate in your grow kit, and your mushroom spawn stays consistent. Fungi are not a fan of sudden temperature changes. Environments that are extremely hot or extremely cold can delay fruiting. Can You Regrow Mushrooms? Mushrooms can be regrown but it takes some additional attention compared to growing them from a kit or from spawns. after the kit of mushrooms has been used move them outdoors into a shady area and water them lightly. A change in the environmental conditions can stimulate mushrooms to fruit. The mushroom kit can also be buried into the soil with minimal soil cover to protect the spores from the elements. This also allows for the mushrooms to soak up moisture from the soil around them. Remember shady areas work best! Although mushroom cultivation can seem complicated and time-consuming, the truth is quite the opposite. You can grow mushrooms quickly as long as you choose the suitable variety to cultivate and follow the exact steps to make them thrive. It is also essential to know the growing conditions for fungi growth. Mushrooms require little to no light for proper growth and functioning. They prefer shade and grow better in the dark. Mushrooms are water-loving fungi and love humid and wet conditions. With the right amount of watering, you can achieve a high yield of high-quality mushrooms. Contrary to popular belief, fungi or mushrooms thrive in high temperatures. But not too high as extremely high temperatures can kill the fungi.

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Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2. Thallus: subcrustose-lobate or subfoliose, finally often ±pulvinate, small, usually up to 3 mm wide, rounded or becoming irregular or forming a thin, effuse crust lobes: few, small and short, 150-200 µm thick (when moist), smooth, ±radiating, contiguous or free, entire or somewhat divided, ±flat and appressed or terete and erect or becoming ±coralloid and forming small tufts upper surface: dark olive-green to black, dull, epruinose, semi-translucent when wet isidia: absent, but erect lobules appearing 'isidioid' lower surface: usually paler than the upper surface Apothecia: rather numerous, sometimes crowded, laminal on lobes or terminal on lobe tips, sessile with ±constricted base, small, 0.2-0.3(-0.5) mm wide, globose and perithecia-like when young disc: initially punctiform, later concave, dark red to black, dull, smooth, epruinose thalline margin: thin to thick, entire or somewhat verrucose or lobulate, finally receding proper exciple: rather thin, up to 40 µm wide, euparaplectenchymatous; cells: isodiametric, 8.5-22 µm wide hymenium: hyaline, 90-105 µm high asci: narrowly clavate or subcylindrical, 8-spored ascospores: ±cubic with rounded angles or subglobose, sub- to eumuriform, 13-22 x 9-15 µm Pycnidia: immersed, ±globose, pale conidia: bacilliform, 4-5 x c. 1 µm Spot tests: all negative Secondary metabolites: none detected. Substrate and ecology: on ±basic bark of Quercus and Platanus, also on Juniperus and wood, in forests and open woodlands World distribution: from arctic to Mediterranean areas of Europe and North America and extending to northern Africa Sonoran distribution: northern and southeastern Arizona, Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Sinaloa, in mountains, usually above 1000 m.

Wetfoot and Arry. Vol 6. Days 11 and 12: Rain and Mountains Day 11. 9.9 Miles It rained off and on all night. I woke up at 4:30 a.m., and decided to get a head start on the day. The forecast I have a screenshot of says. and I quote, “A chance of rain before 9 a.m. Then a chance of showers from 9 a.m. to noon. Then a chance of thunderstorms and showers after noon.” Yikes. It was cold this morning. I went to put on my sportsbra. It was damp and extremely cold. For those of you who don’t wear bras, once they get moist it takes forever for the elastic band to dry out. I would rather have a wet T-shirt and a dry bra than vice versa, any day. By contrast, my Patagonia tank top is always dry in the morning despite how much I sweat. I decided to forgo the bra. Perhaps this will be a continuing trend. I’ll save maybe a few ounces by not wearing a bra, and not carrying a second. As we set off before 6 a.m., I was determined to at least get past the boulders before 9 a.m. There was a SOBO female Dutch hiker camped at the same site who did assure me it was only a small section. The climb up Chairback Mountain was nice. I don’t remember seeing a sign for the peak. And then we saw it… a huge mound of rocks we had to climb down. It was slick, and Arry was being careful. I took her pack and headed down, past a section she was not confident to follow me down. I figured this would be like the stream crossings, so I quickly scrambled down and took off both our packs. Poor Arry thought I was leaving her behind and whined the whole time. But I would never! I scrambled back up to her, and we found a different section she climbed down. We finally got to the bottom, and I couldn’t see our packs! I must have climbed down and ended somewhere else. So back up I climbed, and Arry followed. I told her not to follow me down as I headed down toward the packs, put them on, scrambled up, and realized I forgot her leash. So down I scrambled again. By this time I was tired of scrambling on rocks so I went around, and Arry made her way down the rocks to meet me at the bottom. As I set my pack down, to put hers back on, I noticed I was missing my rainfly! It must have come loose as I made my way around the rocks, so back I went. Eventually, all people, dogs, and gear were accounted for and back on the trail! As we forded West Branch Pleasant River, we met three day hikers. They were hiking the Gulf Hagas loop. I’ve been told by multiple people to stop and see the waterfalls. Not like I’m going to drive six and a half hours to see them probably ever, so we took a short detour and saw Screw Auger Falls. One of the day hikers was nice enough to take a picture of us. Not wanting to add too much mileage to our trip, we turned around and headed back up the trail to call it an early day, hopefully dry out gear, and stay dry if it does rain in the future. I also was able to reach out to my boyfriend and sister; for some reason I have roaming and can call, but not send texts, and others can text me, but cannot call. Weird. While planning the resupply with Poet, he recommended a schedule that would cut a whole day off my trip. I am confident after our hike yesterday and today that we can knock another day off, which would put us out of the 100-Mile Wilderness on Wednesday. I got confirmation my sister can meet us Thursday! And my boyfriend booked us a room. So now all that is left is to contact Poet tomorrow on top of White Cap Mountain, and ask to change my Monday resupply at Crawford Pond to Sunday at Jo-Mary Road. I think the 15.6 miles we did yesterday was a huge boost to my confidence in both of our abilities. While still enjoying the hike (like taking a side trip to visit waterfalls) I’m learning we are capable too. Day 12. 10.8 Miles It started raining about 5 p.m. last night. On the tent it sounded like I was at the pistol range, with no ear protection and everyone was shooting continuously. It started thundering about 6:30 p.m. and I went to sleep. I woke about 8:30 p.m. to Arry and another dog excitedly barking at each other. The skies had cleared and one of the volunteer caretakers and his dog had just made it out to do some weekend maintenance. They hiked through the storm. Yikes! After the dogs said hello, it was back to sleep again so we could be up early to get some morning miles in. Poet had said the first 15 miles of the 100-Mile Wilderness were moderate, the next 15 were difficult, and then it got easier. But we still had four mountains to climb today! So I was still speculative. We climbed Gulf Hagas quickly. It was like someone had magically removed all the roots. We were still climbing up rock stairs but instead of seeming ominous and creepy it felt like we were climbing up castle stairs. I’m sure castles have rocks stairs. The summit was like no other. It seemed like a meadow was on the top, and I felt like we would soon be coming to a picnic table. I almost missed West Peak. Arry stopped and was sniffing near some trees that seemed magical, all covered in lichen and moss. As I went to take a picture of the magical trees, I saw the sign we had made it to the top! Summiting Hay Mountain, we didn’t even break stride as we strolled along the top. It appeared much flatter, perhaps like a haystack? Or a flattened haystack at least. I could feel the anticipation growing. All we had left was White Cap! White Cap meant a lot of things to me today. 1. It meant the end of most of the terrain, how boring. 2. Officially changing my resupply to tomorrow at noon! 3. My first view of Katahdin. And 4. Cell service. To say today’s climb was easier would be a correct statement. To say it was easy would be false. Every mountain, every flight of stairs will take your breath away and turn your legs to jelly. And just because it only happens for a short period of time, doesn’t mean it was in fact easy. As we neared White Cap, the rock stairs seemed to grow more regal. Our castle was nearing! The view was magnificent. We walked a short way and stared at Khatadin in all her glory and surrounded by clouds. It still looks like there is still snow on her. I wonder if she is officially open to hikers. I forgot to check. As Arry rested, I started ticking off things on my to-do: resupply rescheduled, weather forecast screenshot, call my love and wake him up (it was 9 a.m.). Then down we went. Down more rock stairs. This time Arry taking us a near breakneck pace. We passed Logan Brook lean-to. Thanks Poet for the idea to push to East Branch! At Logan we met two older day hikers and a NOBO from Georgia who seemed offended that I asked if he was NOBO or SOBO. I guess he passed us as we were chilling on the summit. He was in a rush to get to some pond camp, he started saying mile markers but in my head they only go up to 188 right now. What I do know is he rushed off, and left me feeling very anxious. I wonder how I will be after months of walking towards somewhere, and I am finally days away. We continued, flying down the terrain, passing several more SOBOs. There was a section that seemed like a tree graveyard. Trees all over had been blown down. Someone had chainsawed through them all, leaving a path through close to a hundred downed trees. Others not on the trail were leaning precariously, as if they might fall under the extra weight of those that had already fallen over. I feel like I’m Buddy the elf describing the terrain. First we walked by the tree graveyard, then through the mossy fairyland, and then through the land of Christmas pine forest. But that, my friends, is exactly what it felt like. The bugs are back, and mosquitoes are now my main foe. We have decreased in elevation, and the temperature has increased and I forgot how ruthless they truly are. It is the only thing not magic about today. They line up along my tent and leer at me. The sound of them hitting my rain fly sounds like rain, but don’t be fooled. My tent walls are splashed in my own blood, sucked from me by the little buggers, until trapped in my tent I smote them with with my opposable thumbs. We’ve done 46.7 miles in the past four days and will do 52.7 more in the coming four days, yes I know it doesn’t add up to 100, such is the 100-Mile Wilderness. To say it is starting to feel real is an understatement. I know I haven’t started all the way from Georgia, but even these few weeks, getting to Katahdin is almost here and I am excited! I scheduled the resupply for noon, it is currently 11.8 miles away. A total of 16 miles tomorrow. Doable for sure. Poet hasn’t steered us wrong yet. I am nervous, and will likely start even earlier tomorrow. It would be devastating to miss my resupply. However, today we hiked 10.8 miles by noon, including four mountains and a long break on the summit. We should be fine. I suppose that is part of this journey. To take risks and push yourself a little more every day. Ten miles a day is easy pancakes now, so I need to force myself to challenge the team. This website contains affiliate links, which means The Trek may receive a percentage of any product or service you purchase using the links in the articles or advertisements. The buyer pays the same price as they would otherwise, and your purchase helps to support The Trek's ongoing goal to serve you quality backpacking advice and information. Thanks for your support! To learn more, please visit the About This Site page.

To support a sensitive complexion, it is important to use a moisturizer that will not aggravate your skin. That is why I put together this list of the 10 best Korean moisturizers for sensitive skin. These moisturizers are free of harsh chemicals and will provide the hydration your skin needs without causing unwanted irritation. Korean skincare brands are known for their innovative and high-quality products. Many Korean skincare products are known for being soothing and gentle on the skin and often avoid the use of more potent actives like retinol and acids. The products in this post are no exception, as they are intended to repair and calm the skin. This post contains affiliate links, and any purchases made through these links will result in a commission for me at no extra cost to you. Please read my Disclosure for additional information. The Best Korean Moisturizers For Sensitive Skin The best Korean moisturizers for sensitive skin are gentle yet effective products that will hydrate, soothe and protect your skin from any potential irritants. Due to the gentle soothing formula, my pick for overall best Korean moisturizer for sensitive skin is: Klairs Midnight Blue Calming Cream! Whether you are looking for a Korean skin care moisturizer that is a lightweight gel moisturizer for sensitive, oily skin or a richer cream for sensitive, dry skin, there is something for everyone on this list. The moisturizer is blue, thanks to guaiazulene, a natural plant-based ingredient that helps to reduce inflammation and irritation. Centella asiatica extract is also included in the formula and is known for its skin-healing properties. Antioxidant-rich shea butter, emollient argan oil, and wax ester jojoba oil are also included in the moisturizer. They help lock in moisture while providing a dose of nourishment to dry, dehydrated skin. Soothing plant extracts include Portulaca oleracea extract and Anthemis nobilis flower extract. Ceramide NP strengthens the skin’s barrier function to help keep moisture in, while sodium hyaluronate helps attract and bind moisture to the skin. Multiple peptides are cell-communicating compounds that help repair and heal more youthful-looking skin. The blue shade of this sensitive skin cream disappears once the cream absorbs into your skin. It’s great for sunburns and irritation and is very soothing. For more on this soothing cream, please see my Klairs Midnight Blue Calming Cream review. 2. Etude House Soon Jung 10-Free Moist Emulsion If you are looking for a low-irritant moisturizer in a lightweight emulsion formula, Etude House Soon Jung 10-Free Moist Emulsion is a great choice. This Korean emulsion (a light lotion-type moisturizer) is free of 10 harsh chemicals that can irritate the skin. The emulsion is free of mineral oil, color additives, animal materials, synthetic perfume, silicon oil, PEG surfactants, parabens, polyacrylamide, triethanolamine, and imidazolidinyl urea. The emulsion is formulated with panthenol, a form of pro-vitamin B5 that helps to moisturize and soothe the skin while strengthening the skin barrier. The skin barrier protects the skin from the environment and harmful irritants. Squalane is a lightweight and non-greasy emollient that helps to moisturize and protect the skin. Madecassoside is a soothing and healing ingredient derived from the Centella asiatica plant. It helps to calm and protect the skin from irritation. Vitamin E and Camellia sinensis leaf (green tea) extract are antioxidants that help to fight free radical damage in our cells and protect the skin from environmental agressors. This Korean emulsion is perfect for those with damaged, weak, or sensitive skin that is easily irritated. It contains a variety of beneficial ingredients and is free from harsh chemicals that can cause skin irritation. Soon Jung 10-Free Moist Emulsion is non-comedogenic, which means that it will not clog pores, which can worsen acne and breakouts. It has a light, refreshing texture that is perfect for sensitive, oily, or combination skin types. 3. COSRX Advanced Snail 92 All in One Repair Cream If you have sensitive skin and are a fan of snail slime (snail mucin) in skincare products, then COSRX Advanced Snail 92 All in One Repair Cream is the moisturizer for you. The star ingredient in this moisturizer is snail secretion filtrate (snail mucin/snail slime), which is an excellent ingredient if you have a sensitive skin type. Snail secretion filtrate is packed with antioxidants, peptides, and glycolic acid that help to repair and revitalize the skin. It’s also anti-inflammatory, can help improve the look of fine lines and wrinkles, and helps to reduce scarring. This Korean moisturizer also contains various other beneficial ingredients like the humectant betaine, which helps draw moisture from the air into the skin. Panthenol, a form of vitamin B5, has anti-inflammatory and reparative benefits. Allantoin, a natural compound derived from the comfrey plant, helps soothe and protect the skin from irritation. Sodium hyaluronate is a form of hyaluronic acid and is known for its ability to hold up to 1,000 times its own weight in water. Arginine, a beneficial amino acid, reduces irritation that comes from using AHAs (alpha-hydroxy acids). Adenosine, a nucleoside, helps to improve the appearance of skin texture and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Don’t let the slimy texture dissuade you from trying this rich but lightweight snail repair cream. This moisturizer is perfect for sensitive skin, as it is free from fragrance, parabens, sulfates and phthalates, and alcohol. Related Post: COSRX Advanced Snail 92 All In One Cream Review 4. Mizon All In One Snail Repair Cream Mizon All In One Snail Repair Cream is a best-selling Korean snail repair cream moisturizer that contains 92% snail secretion filtrate, which is an ingredient that contains peptides, hyaluronic acid, and other compounds that help to repair and revitalize the skin and reduce the look of wrinkles, fine lines, acne, and acne scars. The snail cream also contains multiple skin-protective antioxidants and cell-communicating ingredients like peptides to support collagen production and improve skin texture. There are also several soothing ingredients in the cream, like Portulaca oleracea (purslane) extract, Rubus idaeus (raspberry) fruit extract, Camellia sinensis leaf (green tea) extract, Centella asiatica extract, and beta-glucan, which makes this cream ideal for sensitive skin. This fragrance-free cream would be a good choice for those with sensitive, acne-prone, or oily skin, as it feels weightless on the skin and leaves a matte finish after it dries. 5. Klairs Rich Moist Soothing Cream Klairs Rich Moist Soothing Cream is a rich and comforting moisturizer that contains moisturizing ingredients like glycerin, shea butter, and jojoba oil. Betaine is an osmolyte, which is a molecule that helps regulate hydration levels. It attracts and binds water to the skin, which can help to keep it hydrated. Arginine is a powerful amino acid that has anti-aging properties and helps to improve the appearance of the skin. Scutellaria baicalensis (Skullcap) root extract is a multi-benefit ingredient that offers antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and skin-soothing properties. It can help reduce redness and irritation and even targets P. acnes, the bacteria that causes acne. Centella asiatica extract is also included in this soothing moisturizer and is well known for its skin-healing properties. Portulaca oleracea extract and aloe are also in the formula for their reparative and soothing properties. Beta-glucan is a type of sugar molecule that has hydrating and anti-inflammatory properties. This Korean cream is deeply moisturizing while it soothes and calms sensitive skin. It’s also great for dry, flaky, or dehydrated skin in need of nourishment. 6. iUNIK Centella Calming Gel Cream IUNIK Centella Calming Gel Cream is a lightweight oil-free gel cream that contains 72% Centella leaf water and 10% tea tree leaf water to calm, clarify and refresh the skin. This gel-cream has brightening and anti-aging benefits that help even out skin tone and smooth wrinkles and fine lines. This Korean skincare product contains Centella asiatica leaf water and extract, which are natural anti-inflammatory agents that help soothe the skin. It also contains tea tree leaf water and extract, which are known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Niacinamide helps to brighten your complexion and reduce the appearance of enlarged pores. Allantoin helps to soothe and calm the skin. Sodium hyaluronate (a sodium salt form of hyaluronic acid) is a humectant that helps hydrate and moisturize the skin. Licorice root extract is a natural skin brightener and has anti-inflammatory properties. Wheat germ extract is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants and helps nourish and revitalize the skin. This gel cream is perfect for sensitive, oily, acne-prone skin but can also be used by those with dry or normal skin. It is ideal for those with a dislike of heavy cream textures. Please note that this cream contains essential oil and added fragrance. For more on this Korean moisturizer, please see my iUNIK Centella Calming Gel Cream review. 7. Benton Aloe Propolis Soothing Gel Benton Aloe Propolis Soothing Gel targets irritation with aloe vera and propolis in a lightweight gel. Ideal for sensitive, combination, oily, and acne-prone skin, this face moisturizer also helps to brighten the skin, fade acne scars, and hydrate the skin. Aloe barbadensis leaf extract and water from the aloe vera plant are known for their skin-soothing and healing properties. They help calm and cool the skin, making it a great choice for sensitive skin. Propolis extract is a natural substance collected from honeybee hives and is known for its antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to soothe and protect the skin from environmental stressors and can also be beneficial for those with sensitive skin. Betaine and glycerin moisturize the skin while Portulaca oleracea (purslane) extract, cucumber fruit extract, and allantoin soothe and calm the skin. Camellia sinensis leaf (green tea) extract is a natural antioxidant that can help protect the skin from free radical damage and is an anti-inflammatory agent. This soothing gel is excellent for sensitive, oily, and acne-prone skin. It has a lightweight texture that doesn’t weigh your skin down. It’s also a great choice for redness and sunburns. 8. Dr. Belmeur Advanced Cica Recovery Cream Dr. Belmeur Advanced Cica Recovery Cream is a thick, rich moisturizer perfect for dry, sensitive skin. It forms a protective barrier similar to the skin’s natural lipids to prevent moisture loss. This Korean cream is rich in ceramides, antioxidants, and cell-communicating ingredients to repair damaged skin. Niacinamide works its magic to promote healthy skin by stimulating collagen production, evening out skin tone, and reducing the appearance of enlarged pores. Glycerin and panthenol (pro-vitamin B5) are humectants that hydrate and moisturize the skin. Squalane, macadamia oil, shea butter, and sunflower seed oil are emollients that help to moisturize and soften the skin. Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, and Ceramide EOP are lipids that are essential for the maintenance of the skin barrier and are the glue that holds the skin cells together. They become depleted with age and environmental stress, which can lead to dryness, irritation, and sensitivity. Cholesterol is an emollient that works with ceramides to support a healthy skin barrier. Phytosphingosine, a skin-identical ingredient, helps restore the lipid barrier, prevents moisture loss, and even has antimicrobial benefits. Madecassoside is a calming extract from the Centella asiatica plant that is an antioxidant and natural anti-inflammatory agent and helps to soothe the skin. Panthenol and beta-glucan are both known for their wound healing and regenerative properties. This thick cream is perfect for dry or very dry, sensitive skin that needs intense hydration and barrier protection. Please note that there is added fragrance and essential oil in this cica cream. Related Post: Dr. Belmeur Skincare Review 9. iUNIK Black Snail Restore Cream IUNIK Black Snail Restore Cream aims to repair the skin with 58% black snail extract, Centella asiatica leaf water, and leaf extract. Thanks to several natural plant extracts, this anti-aging cream smoothes the skin and improves skin elasticity for a more youthful complexion. Snail secretion filtrate is a popular ingredient in Korean skincare products, and it’s no wonder why. This ingredient is known for its hydrating, healing, and regenerative properties, making it perfect for sensitive skin. Shea butter, jojoba, and camellia oils are emollients that moisturize and support a healthy skin barrier. Arginine is an amino acid and building block of skin-firming collagen that helps with wound repair and replenishes moisture. Adenosine is a natural anti-inflammatory ingredient that is soothing to sensitive skin. It is also known for its anti-aging properties that help to firm the skin and improve elasticity. Centella asiatica extract and water are skin-soothing ingredients that help improve the appearance of redness and inflammation. MultiEX Rosanic is a trademarked ingredient that contains licorice, mugwort, gingo, blueberries, and rosehip to calm the skin and strengthen the skin barrier. Skin plumping sodium hyaluronate, the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid that helps to hydrate and improve skin elasticity, rounds out the list of beneficial ingredients in this Korean cream for sensitive skin. This moisturizing cream would be a great choice for dry, sensitive, aging skin dealing with roughness and other visible signs of aging, like wrinkles and fine lines. 10. COSRX Oil-Free Ultra-Moisturizing Lotion COSRX Oil-Free Ultra-Moisturizing Lotion is a very lightweight moisturizer made with birch sap juice to comfort the skin. Birch sap juice is a natural source of minerals, nutrients, and moisturizing amino acids for improved hydration. Glycerin, betaine, and panthenol (pro-vitamin B5) are moisturizing ingredients that help to bind water to the skin and keep it moisturized. Allantoin is a soothing ingredient that helps to calm and protect the skin. Please note that this Korean lotion contains lemon peel oil and tea tree leaf oil that imparts a light citrus, herbal fragrance. Formulated at a pH of 5.5 – 6.5, it feels weightless on the skin, making it perfect for oily, acne-prone, and sensitive skin. Sensitive skin can be challenging to take care of, but luckily there are plenty of Korean skin care moisturizers for sensitive skin that will keep your face hydrated without irritating it. Whether you need a moisturizer for dry skin or a moisturizer for oily skin that is sensitive, these Korean beauty brands have you covered. Thanks for reading, and until next time, here’s to your good skin health! Read Next: Best Korean Night Creams

RealFeel Shade™ 64° Air Quality Fair Wind WNW 4 mph Wind Gusts 7 mph Mostly sunny More Details Current Air Quality The risk of tree pollen symptoms is low. The risk for ragweed pollen symptoms is moderate. Avoid walking in areas with tall grass or plants. The risk of mold allergy symptoms is low. The risk of grass pollen symptoms is low. Dust & Dander The risk of dust and dander allergy symptoms is moderate. Closing your windows on windy days can help prevent outside dust or dander from getting into your home. The risk of experiencing weather-related arthritis pain is moderate. Stay hydrated and stretch to help avoid arthritis symptoms. The risk of weather-related sinus pressure is moderate. Make sure you stay hydrated. The risk of catching a cold is low. The risk of catching the flu is low. The risk of suffering from a weather-related migraine is low. The risk of asthma symptoms is moderate. Fishing conditions are good. Fishing in the early morning or dusk hours can help you get a catch. Conditions for running are great. Be sure to warm up and cool down adequately. Conditions for golfing are great. Stay hydrated when spending time in the sun. Biking & Cycling Conditions for cycling are great. Be sure you have the correct gear to keep your core temperature warm during winter months and cool during hot weather. Beach & Pool Conditions for a day at the beach or pool are great. Remember to stay hydrated. Conditions for stargazing are good. Be sure to move away from city lights or turn off nearby lights, including indoor and outdoor lights. Conditions for hiking are great. Wear sunscreen and UV-protective clothing. Conditions for lawn mowing are great. Ensure you are servicing your mower frequently to keep the blades sharp. Composting conditions are good. Make sure you frequently add water to your compost to keep it moist. Conditions for outdoor entertaining will be great. Pay attention to the mosquito or pest forecast and prepare deterrents. Conditions for flying are ideal. Have a safe trip. Conditions for driving are great. Remain prepared for changing weather by tracking ongoing forecasts. The risk for mosquito activity are low. The risk for pest activity is high. Replacing outdoor lights with yellow bug lights can attract less insects near your home. The risk for pest activity is low. Oakland Weather Radar See Interactive Map See Interactive Map

I have a great recipe to share with you today, Yugoslavian Christmas cookies. I’m crazy for Christmas cookies and finding unique recipes is an obsession of mine! The first time I had these was at a neighborhood cookie exchange. I had one bite and fell immediately into cookie bliss! Ever since that first bite, these have been in my regular Christmas cookies rotation. But, let me tell you a little secret, I not only make these for the holidays, but these cookies are in demand at my house all year long! A layer of buttery cookie sits under jam, which sits under fluffy meringue, which sits under nuts — yes, each layer is delicious, and yes, they combine into an utterly delectable treat that you’ll love any day of the year! The texture is crisp rather than that of a crunchy Christmas crack but both are equally addicting! Let’s bake some cookies! - Fifty minutes from start to finish - Fabulous flavor combo! - Easy to make but tastes complex - Cutting: Because of the meringue element in these bars, it’s imperative that you use a serrated knife and a gentle sawing motion to cut them rather than just pushing the knife straight down to cut. Doing the latter will crush the bars and make a total mess. - You Can Meringue: Meringue always seemed like one of those complex desserts that only trained chefs could make. Wrong! Meringue is surprisingly easy, especially in recipes like this. Whip your egg whites and add sugar. - My recipe has you add lemon extract, which is a necessary addition to help your meringue hold its structure. Give it a try! You got this. - Is the Meringue Crying? Another tip to make sure your meringue turns out as perfect as I know it can is to spread your meringue all the way to the edge of the cookie tray. This will help prevent weeping when meringue starts to “melt” after baking. - Jam: My Yugoslavian Christmas cookies recipe calls for blackberry jelly — but if you want to up the Eastern European influence, there’s a whole world of jams and jellies you can try. One of my favorites is the plum jam. Plum yum! How Long Can You Keep This In The Fridge? Putting these cookies in the fridge is not advisable. Just cut up your bars and store them between layers of wax or parchment paper in an airtight container. Can You Freeze This? Because the meringue is in contact with the moist jam, you have to be careful when freezing. After you thaw them, the meringue will lose a bit of its structure, but the flavor will still be yummy. Because of this interaction of moisture and meringue, I recommend only freezing meringues for up to a month. Make Ahead Tips Once you start making the meringue you’ll have to follow the recipe through to the end. Meringue is very much not make-ahead friendly! It works best with fresh eggs and will lose its volume over time unless you bake it right away. The good news is they’re just as delicious the day after they’re made. - Use almonds instead. If you have leftover ground almonds from baking vanillekipferl, use it instead of ground walnuts. - Add a hint of cinnamon. Some Yugoslavian Christmas cookies recipe have cinnamon in it! Both my cream cheese spritz cookies and danish wedding cookies have 1/4 teaspoon cinnamon. I suggest not adding more than a quarter teaspoon of cinnamon here if you try it that way. - Use pecans instead. Pecan shortbread cookies and butter pecan cookies both use chopped pecans, just grind it in the food processor to make it a substitute to the ground walnuts. - Chocolate Christmas Cookies - Christmas Butter Cookies - Candy Cane Cookies - Reindeer Cookies - Christmas sugar cookies Yugoslavian Christmas Cookies - 1/2 pound unsalted butter at room temperature - 1/2 cup sugar - 1 egg yolk large - 1/2 teaspoon salt - 2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour - 4 large egg whites - 1 cup sugar - 3/4 cup ground walnuts - 1 teaspoon lemon extract - 1 cup blackberry jelly - 1/4 cup walnuts chopped - Preheat oven to 350 degrees. - Cream butter and sugar together thoroughly; add egg yolk and salt and combine. Add flour and combine. Pat mixture into a 9X13 inch pan. - Beat egg whites until stiff. Gradually add 1 cup of sugar. Continue to beat until you reach a meringue consistency. Gently fold in ground walnuts and lemon extract. - Spread jelly over dough mixture in pan. - Swirl meringue over jelly. Sprinkle with chopped walnuts. - Bake for about 40 minutes. To cut, use a serrated knife and a gentle sawing motion. Fans Also Made:

Transform dull, brittle hair with the Superfruit Complex 10 in 1 Renewal System Hair Masque from Shea Moisture; a brand who utilise natural and certified organic ingredients gathered from around the world. Suitable for weekly use, the nourishing treatment blends Marula Oil and Biotin to restore healthy-looking, hydrated strands from root to tip, whilst an antioxidant-rich Superfruit Complex replenishes the scalp and counteracts signs of ageing. Hair is moisturised, conditioned and strengthened. Free from sulphates, parabens, phthalates, paraffin, mineral oil and synthetic colour. How to use: Section clean, wet hair and apply generously using a wide tooth comb to distribute evenly from root to ends. Leave in for 5 minutes and then rinse thoroughly. For a more intense treatment, cover hair with a plastic cap and apply moderate heat for up to 30 minutes. Rinse thoroughly. When using a hair steamer do not cover hair, moist heat will add to masque's hydration. We sell authentic products only. Shop now with Interest-Free Instalments Make 3 interest-free instalments when you check out with Pace. Personal Shopper Service Need a Personal Shopper from the US? Leave the Shopping to us.

A delightful cookie that has a lot of fall flavors, but is perfect for anytime of the year. Ginger snaps are a very flat cookie and some can be moist and others very crunchy. This one is somewhere in between and that is why I love it! 1 cup of butter at room temperature 1 cup of granulated sugar, plus ½ cup for rolling dough 1 large egg 1/4 cup of molasses 2 cups of all purpose flour 2 teaspoons of baking soda 1 teaspoon of ginger 1 teaspoon of cinnamon 1/2 teaspoon of cloves Dash of salt In a large mixing bowl using a mixer, cream the butter and sugar. Mix in the egg and molasses. Gradually mix in remaining dry ingredients. Roll a small amount of dough into a ball, about the size of a golf ball or smaller, and roll in granulated sugar. Press down slightly on the cookie on a cookie sheet sprayed with non-stick cooking spray. Bake in a preheated oven at 375 degrees for about 10 – 15 minutes.

Precipitation changes among years and locations along gradients of mean annual precipitation (MAP). The way those changes interact and affect populations of soil organisms from arid to moist environments remains unknown. Temporal and spatial changes in precipitation could lead to shifts in functional composition of soil communities that are involved in key aspects of ecosystem functioning such as ecosystem primary production and carbon cycling. We experimentally reduced and increased growing-season precipitation for 2 y in field plots at arid, semiarid, and mesic grasslands to investigate temporal and spatial precipitation controls on the abundance and community functional composition of soil nematodes, a hyper-abundant and functionally diverse metazoan in terrestrial ecosystems. We found that total nematode abundance decreased with greater growing-season precipitation following increases in the abundance of predaceous nematodes that consumed and limited the abundance of nematodes lower in the trophic structure, including root feeders. The magnitude of these nematode responses to temporal changes in precipitation increased along the spatial gradient of long-term MAP, and significant effects only occurred at the mesic site. Contrary to the temporal pattern, nematode abundance increased with greater long-term MAP along the spatial gradient from arid to mesic grasslands. The projected increase in the frequency of extreme dry years in mesic grasslands will therefore weaken predation pressure belowground and increase populations of root-feeding nematodes, potentially leading to higher levels of plant infestation and plant damage that would exacerbate the negative effect of drought on ecosystem primary production and C cycling. |Original language||English (US)| |Number of pages||6| |Journal||Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America| |State||Published - 2019| - Climate change - Soil fauna ASJC Scopus subject areas

This Item is Personalizable. Simply add the item to your cart and you'll be prompted automatically if you wish to have it personalized with your own message. Please Note: If you have this item personalized, the text will be exactly as you type so please ensure your message is completely correct. We cannot be held responsible for mistakes and personalized items are final sales & non-refundable. About this 14K Solid Gold St. Stephen the Martyr Medal St. Stephen the Martyr is the patron saint of Deacons and Stonemasons. St. Stephen was one of the 12 apostles. He saw a vision of God and standing on his right side Jesus. This infuriated the city and they stoned him to death. Upon his stoning he begged god to take his spirit and not to hold this sin against them. Other customers who bought this item also bought... Here are the answers to the questions we get every single day. What's the right pendant size for me? All the catholic jewelry sold on our site will be sized including the loop at the top of the medal. When shopping for jewelry, consider personal preferences and body size. The taller the person the larger the pendant they can wear without seeming out of proportion. So how do you know what size to pick when purchasing a pendant online? See below for a quick guide CHARM SIZE: Babies, Children, and Small Charms These are tiny pendants and are an excellent choice for small children or those looking to add a charm size devotional to an existing pendant. These medals are typically no larger than your pinky nail or US coin dime size. Common pendant heights include 3/8 inch, ½ inch, and ¼ inch height. SMALL TO MEDIUM SIZE: Women and Teens The majority of pendants fall into the small to medium size range and are most commonly worn by women, older adolescents, and teen girls. For small pendants, think of a pendant that is a bit smaller than a dime. Common pendant heights include 9/16th and 5/8 inch height. A medium sized medal is preferred by most women, youth boys and teen girls. Common sizes include 11/16 inch, 13/16 inch, 3/4 inch and 7/8 inch heights. These pendants are very close in size to a US nickel coin. LARGE: Men (and women that prefer larger jewelry) If the pendant is one inch or more in height it is considered large enough for a man to wear. The larger/taller the man, the larger he may prefer to wear his jewelry, so be sure to get out a ruler if you are unsure. How do I pick the right necklace length? Where do you prefer to wear your devotional jewelry? On display for everyone to see or tucked into your shirt, closer to your heart? There is no right or wrong way to wear your crucifix or miraculous jewelry, what makes you feel comfortable is the right choice. Our necklaces are displayed in total length in inches. The shorter the length the higher up on our chest the pendant will sit. Children and youth: A 16-inch chain is appropriate to wear for a first communion age child. If younger, consider a 13 inch. Women: If you like your pendant to sit just below your neck and visible with most tops, select an 18-inch chain. If you are a woman and prefer a longer chain that will not be visible with most tops, choose a 20 inch or longer. Please note, the taller or larger your body type, the longer your chain to fit around your neck. Teen Boys: Many teens wear a shorter chain for two reasons, they are a bit smaller in size or they want to make sure the pendant is visible to others. Teen boys do well with 18 inches (very high up, close to the neck), 20 inches (below the collarbone) and 24 inches (by the breastbone). Men: Many Catholic men will choose to wear a Miraculous medal or a crucifix tucked inside their shirt and to have it rest between their color bone, near to their heart. For this look, we suggest a 24-inch chain or longer. Most men will be able to put a 24-inch chain over their head (if you are a larger man, you may need to consider a slightly longer chain). 27-inch to 30-inch necklace is extra-long and many larger men prefer these lengths for their devotional jewelry so they can easily put them over their heads without having to open and close a clasp. For the perfect fit, take a moment a measure the circumference of your neck, especially if you intend to purchase a shorter choker length (16” or less). With a soft tape measure, wrap the tape measure around your neck, note the measurement and then add two inches to that. This is the shortest chain option you should consider, and it will be above the collarbone. Consider Your Pendant Size Balance is important when selecting a chain length. A small pendant will look odd with a long bulky chain and a large pendant should be worn with a chain heavy enough to maintain the pendant and chain without breaking. Our sterling silver chains are genuine .925 sterling silver chains. A .925 stamp guarantees that the chains are 92.5% pure silver mixed with 7.5% copper. Copper is added to strengthen the metal as silver itself is too soft for jewelry. Adding a bit of copper creates a durable material without compromising the color. Added bonus! Our sterling silver chains are tarnish-resistant because they include a very thin top layer of rhodium. Rhodium is a very precious metal (more so than gold) and a few microns of this material is added to coat the sterling silver chains so that they look lustrous and will not tarnish. **NEVER CLEAN YOUR STERLING SILVER WITH CAUSTIC SUBSTANCES. Only use mild dish soap for cleaning. Rhodium Plated Chain A rhodium Plated chain is a perfect match for your sterling silver pendant. Our brass chains are layered in a thin coating of Rhodium (just a few microns) and are transformed into a lustrous silver-tone with tarnish resistant properties. This is a great option for your pendant as it keeps costs down without compromising on quality. ** NEVER CLEAN YOUR RHODIUM PLATED CHAINS WITH CAUSTIC SUBSTANCES. Only use mild dish soap for cleaning. Gold Plated Chain A Gold-plated chain has the look of gold with value pricing. The chain's base metal (typically brass, copper or other metals) is coated with a very thin layer of gold by using an electrochemical process. Please note, over time, a gold-plated chain may wear off as it comes in contact with a person's skin or pollutants. Gold Filled Chain Although more expensive, a gold-filled chain wears just like gold and will not wear off. Solid gold is bonded to a base metal chain. The heat and pressure of the bonding process fuse the base metal to the gold for a lasting combination. Gold-filled chains are stamped with their gold percentage. Our gold-filled chains are 14KT gold-filled, or 10KT or 12KT. What is Gold-Filled jewelry? 14 karat Gold-filled jewelry looks just like 14 karat solid gold jewelry, but it is a fraction of the cost. With 14 karat gold jewelry being so expensive many of us are opting for the gold-filled versions of our favorite devotional jewelry. (don't confuse gold filled with gold plated as they are very different) In simple terms, a gold-filled piece of jewelry has a thick layer of gold on the back and the front of the pendant. The two 14 karat gold layers are bonded together over a base metal. A gold-filled pendant will use less gold, so it costs less but looks just as good. When you purchase a gold-filled pendant from the Catholic Faith Store, here's what you can expect; Looks like solid gold Maintains its value Stamped on the back Made in the USA Will last for decades It looks like gold, it wears like gold and that is because the outer layer is 14K (or 12KT) gold! Rhodium is a very precious metal that can cost much more than gold and platinum! By itself rhodium is generally not considered a feasible material to make jewelry from, because it is stressed & brittle, and very difficult to "work" properly for jewelry making. But Rhodium is fabulous as a plating for jewelry because it is glitteringly, dazzlingly, white and mirror-like. It's like chrome, but much whiter, and one of the most reflective of metals there is. The majority of our silver colored chains (brass and sterling silver) are plated with rhodium to give them a protective layer that matches with the jewelry, and is very hypoallergenic. Our 'high shine' jewelry pendants and charms are typically plated with a thick layer of rhodium to get that mirror-like finish that can't be achieved with sterling silver alone. What is Sterling Silver? Sterling Silver History Experts believe that silver alloy, used today as sterling silver, originated in continental Europe in the 12th century. Pure silver was found to be a soft and easily damageable material. When combined with other metals, most commonly cooper, it produced a tougher material that could be heavily relied on. Throughout the next few centuries, Sterling Silver was used as currency and for household items. It was often used as silverware and became the material used in a proper table setting between 1840 and 1940 throughout the United States and Europe. Because of this popularity, silver companies began to grow. During this craze, companies began to experiment using Sterling Silver compositions in jewelry, as it was a material that was easy to mold into intricate designs and gave a luxurious look with its metallic finish. Sterling Silver Composition While pure silver can be combined with many different types of metals, Sterling Silver is created when combining pure silver with copper. Sterling Silver jewelry can be composed with different amounts of copper but is most often seen with the .925 stamp, meaning that the composition is of 92.5 percent silver and 7.5 percent copper. This has been found to be a good combination for maintaining the silver's durability without harming its sparkle. How do I care for my sterling silver? Sterling Silver Cleaning Instructions NEVER use a sterling silver cleaning solution on your jewelry. It will take off the protective coating. Take a half cup of warm water and a few drops of mild dishwashing liquid soap and mix together. With a soft clean cotton cloth dip the cloth into the soapy water getting it moist. Use the moist cloth to wipe the surface of your sterling silver jewelry. Take the just cleaned jewelry and run under clear water for a few seconds to wash away any soap. Allow jewelry to dry before storing Other things to remember: When not wearing your sterling silver jewelry, keep it in an air-tight container or zip lock bag. Avoid household clean products getting in contact with the jewelry. And take off your jewelry when you swim, shower or are washing dishes.

Vervain: nervine tonic that will strengthen the nervous system while relaxing and easing tension. Useful for depression following influenza ... Common Names: Vervain, Verbena, Holy Herb, Herb of grace Botanical Name: Verbena officinalis Plant Type: Annual Parts Used: Leaves, flowers, and stems The Verbenaceae family contains about 250 species of annual and perennial herbaceous or semi-woody flowering plants. The majority of the species are native to the New World from Canada south to southern Chile, but some are also native in the Old World, mainly in Europe. These include Common Vervain (V. officinalis) and V. supina. Description: The leaves are usually opposite, simple, and in many species hairy, often densely so. The flowers are small, with five petals, and borne in dense spikes. Typically some shade of blue, they may also be white, pink, or purple, especially in cultivars. Cultivation: Vervain is a tender annual which reseeds readily. It prefers rich moist loam in full sun. Harvesting: Gather the tops in July, before the flowers are fully out. Love. Protection. Purification. Peace. Money. Youth. Chastity. Sleep. Healing. Use vervain in protective spells, exorcism incenses, and love mixtures. A crown of vervain on the head protects the magician while invoking spirits. Use it in purifying baths, or drink some vervain tea before retiring to prevent bad dreams. Sprinkle an infusion of vervain around your home to chase off evil spirits and malignant forces. If someone you know has taken something from you, wear vervain and confront the person. You shall surely regain possession of the stolen articles. Herbal Healing with Vervain Medicinal Actions: Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, galactagogue, hepatic, hypotensive, nervine, sedative, sudorific, tonic (nerves), vermifuge, vulnerary Medicinal Uses: Vervain strengthens the nervous system while relaxing any tension and stress. It can be used to ease depression and melancholia especially when this follows illness such as influenza. It is a useful remedy for chronic fatigue and other stress-related problems. Combine vervain with wild oats (Avena), skullcap (Scutellaria), elecampane (Inula), or licorice (Glycyrrhiza). It is also used in seizure and hysteria. Vervain helps to even out erratic blood sugar, which can play a large part in all sorts of problems, ranging from mood swings and hyperactivity to an irritable bowel and migraines. As a diaphoretic it can be used in the early stages of fevers. As a hepatic remedy it is of help in inflammation of the gall-bladder and jaundice. Vervain increases the flow of mother's milk and promotes the onset of menstruation. It may be used as a mouthwash against caries and gum disease. Cautions: Vervain should not be used during pregnancy. Large doses can cause vomiting. Preparations and Dosages: Infusion: Pour a cup of boiling water onto 1-3 teaspoonfuls of the dried herb and leave to infuse for 10-15 minutes. This should be drunk three times a day. Tincture: Take 2-4ml of the tincture three times a day. If you appreciate the information provided, please help keep this website running. Blessings! © 2008-2022 aromaworx.ca. All rights reserved.

Hello, I am a Three-in-One Combo Pear! Just like my name suggests, I am best known for the three popular pear varieties that grow wonderfully together along my branches and ripen over an extended season. Not only do I provide an abundance and variety of fruit, my smaller size makes me perfect for smaller gardens and an excellent addition to any landscape or yard. I am low maintenance, and my one request is that I am given some extra water when it gets hot outside - I tend to be quite thirsty! I am happiest, healthiest and most beautiful when I am grown in full sun, in soil that is kept moist. Excellent service and Great quality trees! Excellent service and Great quality trees! We ordered 4 emeralds cedars and they look beautiful!! Highly recommend the Landscape Direct team! Plants and trees are great quality! This company is great! I am happy customer and I can highly recommend! Delivery right to my door and plants and trees are great quality! Will order again! Thank you! Great customer service!! Very happy with my purchase! Plants were very healthy and as described. Very affordable, fast delivery and great customer service!! Will order from them again :) Will definitely order from them again Ordered a number of mature tall emerald cedars from their website, the whole experience was fantastic! Very professional staff, friendly and prompt in responding to questions over email and the phone. Delivery of trees was trouble free and the trees were in excellent conditions. Will definitely order from them again and really enjoyed the online purchasing experience, especially during covid-19.

Andrew Shedden is a singer/songwriter/musician and producer living in Fort Smith, Northwest Territories. Originally from Peterborough, Shedden has been entertaining audiences for over 15 years. As a solo artist, Shedden has opened for David Usher (Moist), Rik Emmett (Triumph) and has had the opportunity to share the stage with members of the Downchild Blues Band. He has performed alongside numerous artists as a sideman at such notable festivals as Boots N Hearts, Havelock Jamboree and the Toronto Beaches International Jazz Festival. Shedden’s latest recording “Better Off This Way” is a collection of 10 songs that showcase his writing and singing. Produced by James McKenty (Blue Rodeo, Cuff the Duke), “Better off This Way” features Shedden’s blues, alternative rock and folk influences mixed up into a compelling sonic narrative. Currently in pre–production for his sophomore record. Shedden is honing his live show and writing new songs!

Picking the best flea and tick collar to your dog is essential. You will discover a multitude of the products, that include the Seresto manufacturer, Hartz UltraGuard In addition, PetPlus, and Zodiac. Here are several benefits of each type. Read on for additional details on the products. And, for your reference, we’ve listed the brand names we suggest for your canines. Whether you end up picking a collar that is perfect for dogs a treadmill that is perfect for cats, here are several things to look for. Dewel Flea Collar - 8 MONTH PROTECTION – Flea and Tick Сollar for dogs protect your furry friend or puppy from ticks and flea 24h/seven days a week during 8 MONTHS. - Stronger – New formula. More efficient flea and tick prevention for dogs than other collars and still hypoallergenic for your and you pet. - AGE For Utilizing – You could start use Collar from 3 month era of your furry friend. You can utilize our collar for MEDIUM, SMALL and LARGE dogs - WATERPROOF – Continues to be 100% effective after bathing and playing inside the rain. - CHARITY – with every sold collar we donate 3$ to Organizations which can be engaged in saving animals. Assist us to give them hope! In terms of the treatment and prevention of ticks and fleas, the flea collar that may be suggested with a-Z Creatures (and a lot vets) is Sobaken. Its two main ingredients are flumethrin and imidacloprid which, because this review shows, is incredibly great at taking out fleas and ticks. Needless to say, we couldn’t simply take their expression for it. We needed to do a little tests on our very own.Based upon our encounter, this flea collar experienced no odor at all rendering it suitable for hypersensitive noses (and we are not just talking flea collar for cat about puppies in this article). Plus, it comes with a no-greasy formula. Moreover, our pleased volunteer (one of many doggos of the employees) did not capture any fleas or ticks once we kept him romping all around outside.Of course, flea avoidance is just not the only thing this collar is perfect for. It should be able to kill fleas – both adults and eggs – within 24-48 hours after application, according to Bayer. By using a different dog, we do find that it can do lessen the volume of fleas we could get on his hair inside their assured period of time. And none of our volunteers possessed allergies towards the collar when using it for a few days. So, fast-acting and effective? Verify!Another issues that you need to know of the Sobaken collar. It functions reflector potato chips for awareness at night. It comes with a fast security launch process if your collar is found on anything. As well as, the collar could also deal with sarcoptic mange.We do have to be honest about some of the drawbacks of using the Sobaken collar, as much as we loved this product. First, is the cost. When compared with other collars in the market, this one fees over $50. It definitely is not going to appear inexpensive (however really worth the selling price). The second disadvantage is that this flea collar is only water-resistant, not waterproof. Except if you only enable your dog bathe or get drenched once a month, the strength of this collar from fleas drops from 8 several weeks to 5.All round, the Sobaken collar receives a massive thumbs up from us. Just take into account that Bayer provides two types of Sobaken collars. The first is for big canines weighing 18 lbs as well as over. The other is perfect for small dogs analyzing less than 18 lbs. Before buying, make sure to read the label. Animal owners are already articulating issues about the Seresto flea and tick collar. The Environment Protection Firm (EPA) is already opening up a 60-day time public opinion time period about the item. The EPA obtained almost seven thousand grievances and mentioned a preexisting basic safety document to decide if they should exclude this product. The security history for Seresto consists of quite a few reviews of skindeath and irritation, and also other adverse reactions. It’s not clear if the EPA can take the challenge more or get rid of its registration totally. The Seresto(r) collar is h2o-tolerant and contains the productive things that work well against ticks and fleas. The collar stays effective even after a dog baths or swims. The active elements spread out with the lipid level from the dog’s pores and skin and replace the chemical substance-totally free formulation when the dog bathes. That way, even if your dog gets wet, the collar stays effective for up to 8 months. Hartz UltraGuard Plus The Hartz UltraGuard As well as Flea and Tick Collar is simple to operate and comes in a modern white layout. This collar kills and repels ticks and fleas and inhibits their eggs from hatching, effectively finishing the flea and tick lifecycle. It is recommended for puppies and older dogs 12 months and more mature. Because of its non-toxic properties, it is safe for your pet and you. It really is a convenient collar to make use of with your pet and can be used 7 weeks. The mist container must be organised six in . through your pet’s skin area and held clear of its eyeballs. Gently rub the spray into your pet’s coat, ruffling the fur if necessary. Let it sit for at least 10 minutes before wiping it off. This collar may also be used on bedding or other parts of your home. Be sure to wash your furry friend extensively soon after use, as the merchandise can cause irritability in a few pets. The Zodiac Flea and Tick Collar repels and kills fleas in round the clock. It works despite a short-term wetting period of time. Your pup is going to be resistant to fleas and ticks for up to six months. The collar is not hard touse and waterproof, and smell-proof. It is an outstanding choice for flea-predisposed puppies. But what if your dog is not on the list of potential victims? The Zodiac Flea and Tick Collar for big Puppies is an excellent selection for household pets. This collar works for up to 7 a few months and will continue to get rid of fleas and ticks inside the pet as long as your pet wears it. It’s water-proof, along with its lively elements get started killing fleas and repelling ticks instantly. And the collar will work even if your kitty becomes damp. The PetPlus flea and tick collar is a terrific way to maintain your dog resistant to these bothersome pests. This collar is powered by vegetation vital fats to repel ticks, fleas and mosquitoes and also other insects. The collar is available in various sizes and can be used on anykitten and dog, or adult cat up to 23 inches long. This collar is suitable for dogs and cats of every age group and it is particularly useful when you are moist or popular temperatures. The very best flea and tick collars are designed to relieve their active substances progressively during a period of time. Most collars will last around three to eight weeks, which means that you won’t need to alter them as frequently as other types. You can also purchase normal water-proof kinds to ensure that your dog won’t get soaked in rainwater or swimming. Regardless of the style of collar, it is important to remember to remove it before bathing your pet.

Many people question what the best method is for deodorizing their carpets. However, because of its softness and absorbency and the fact that it is used every day by humans, children, and dogs, carpet is a natural sponge for stains and odors. Due to traffic, accidents, and urine from pets. The scents that emanate from the carpet permeate the entire space. You can clean the filthy carpet, but you'll need an excellent deodorizer to make them smell good again. Again, your local Prescott Valley carpet cleaning professional outperforms a store-bought solution in this case. How To Remove Pet Urine Smell from Carpet? As pet urine dries, it becomes more alkaline, allowing bacteria to flourish and necessitating immediate treatment of pet urine problems. Apply a spray cleanser to the carpet to neutralize pet urine odors. Use a dry towel to absorb as much liquid as possible. If the odor persists, you should seek the help of a Prescott Valley carpet cleaning machine specialist since these odors will not go away, and dry rot might destroy your carpet. What Stops Mold Smell On Carpets? Mold may be highly harmful to a person's respiratory system, and the dirtier a carpet is, the more likely mold will appear. On rainy days, dirt and grime are now transferred inside your home when they become soaked. Mold spores grow when the carpet is moist. These contaminants penetrate deep into the carpet strands, but the more they accumulate, the worse the problem becomes. These dangerous spores are removed by professional carpet cleaning, ensuring that your carpet is always dry and clean. Your local expert, a Good Carpet Deodorizer, is a professional carpet steam cleaning firm that will clean and remove any remaining moisture using innovative technology. Get Help With Carpet Smells From Prescott Valley Carpet Cleaning Experts Contaminants can be retained indoors by dirty carpets. As a result, pet dander, lead, and even insect infections have been discovered. Furthermore, such substances serve as a haven for harmful chemicals that could spread if not adequately dealt with. Vacuuming or roaming around with a vacuum cleaner can pollute the air in your home. Unfortunately, the only method that works is professional carpet cleaning in Prescott Valley. Clean-N-Bright Carpet & Tile Specialists use strong vacuum cleaners, hot water extraction systems, and high-quality detergents. As we thoroughly clean your carpet, the answer to which is the best carpet deodorizer will show itself. If you want carpets that are not only clean but healthy and can enrich the inside of your home, you can contact Clean-N-Bright Carpet and Tile Specialists.

Introduction: Strawberry Cupcakes In this Instructable, I will show you how to make strawberry cupcakes from scratch. I love strawberries and I love cupcakes. So this easy moist homemade strawberry cupcake recipe is a perfect combination of those flavors. They are so incredibly easy to make and you can easily turn it into a strawberry cake instead if you like. If I can do it, you can do it. Let's get baking! Don't forget to follow me and check out my other Instructables. :) Follow the easy steps below or watch the video tutorial, or do both! :) Step 1: Ingredients and Tools You may print the recipe here if you like. - 2 1/2 cups of cake flour or all-purpose/plain flour (320g) - 2 1/2 tsp. baking powder (12g) - 1/2 tsp. of salt (2g) - 3/4 cup unsalted softened butter (170g) - 1 3/4 cup white granulated sugar (337g) - 2 large eggs - 1 tsp. vanilla extract (5ml) - 1/2 cup sour cream (optional) (123g) - 1 1/4 cups of milk (whole, 2%, 1%, almond, etc.) (312ml) - 1 cup diced strawberries, doesn't have to be exact (166g) - Red food coloring (optional) 5 to 10 drops or more as needed - Paper cups - Muffin pan - Piping bag or plastic bag for decorating with a star tip - Wire rack Step 2: Mix the Dry Ingredients Begin by preheating the oven to 350 F/176 C. Now whisk together the flour, salt, and baking powder until well combined. You may also use a sifter if you like. Step 3: Butter and Eggtastic Now in a large bowl cream together the butter and sugar with a hand mixer or stand mixer. Then add in the vanilla extract and one of the eggs. Mix until combined, then add in the other egg and mix. Step 4: Sour Cream and Milk Time to add in the sour cream, or you can use an unsweetened Greek yogurt if you like. This will help make the cupcakes moist. But it is optional, you can leave it out. Mix until just combined. Step 5: Finish the Batter Remove the beaters and put the mixer away. From now on complete the batter by hand. Fold and stir in the dry ingredient mixture a third of it at a time, until just combined. This ensures that we don't over mix the batter. If you overmix the batter, the texture becomes more dense and chewy, as opposed to being light and fluffy. Step 6: Strawberry Time! Now fold in the diced strawberries. You can leave the cake batter like this if you want, or add in several drops of red food coloring. Totally up to you. :) Alright the strawberry cupcake batter is complete. Step 7: Bake Those Cupcakes Now fill up two muffin pans with 24 cupcake liners, although you may actually be able to get 26 cupcakes from this batter. Scoop in the cake batter into each cup filling it about 3/4ths of the way full. I usually use a 1/2 cup measuring cup to make sure I get the exact same amount of batter in each one. Next, bake the cupcakes, on the middle rack, for 16 to 24 minutes until a toothpick comes out clean when you poke them in the middle. When they come out of the oven, allow them to cool for a few minutes in the pans and then transfer them to a wire rack to cool completely. Step 8: Decorate the Cupcakes Now you can use a homemade buttercream frosting and decorate the cupcakes. Also, you can add slices of strawberries too if you like. Step 9: Video Tutorial Now check out those steps in action with this video tutorial. :)

Tips to Supersize Your Hair If your hair will not hold a curl and it falls flat after a couple of hours, moist weather can make your hairstyle look deflated. You should read about these tips for every styling phase for volume that endures through anything – even dampness and extremely hot weather. Tips for dry hair If you need a fast fix for volume that’s fallen flat you should use aerosol sprays. You should consider using Oribe Thick Dry Finishing Spray. This is the new product and it is the successor of Dry Texturizing Spray. You can use this product all over your hair and not just on the roots because it has a finish which is soft enough. You can also use Bumble and Bumble Thickening Dry Spun Finish. It is an ultra lightweight product which gives your hair airy fullness and it doesn’t leave a white residue. You don’t want to use sprays in your room? You should try Shu Uemura Art of Hair Volume Maker instead of sprays. It is an invisible powder and you should use a brush applicator to apply it directly to roots (the same way you apply oil-blotting face powder to your hair). Tips for when you are having a shower You should use a volumizing shampoo which will not dry out your hair. Try Pureology Pure Volume Condition and Pureology Pure Volume Shampoo. These products will help you eliminate build-up which can weigh down and thicken your hair with flexible volumizers. Tips for when you are at the salon The correct cut can make big difference between hair which looks luxuriant rather than stringy. Razored tips may make fine hair seem straggly while blunt-cut ends and very little layers may make hair look fuller. You want an extra lift? L’Oréal Professionnel salons can provide 3 customized Volumceutic treatments with options achievable for damaged, normal and colour-treated hair which increases the volume of hair for up to 72 hours. This treatment eliminates build-up using salicylic acid and features patented Intra-Cylane technology which works as a filler at the core of the hair fiber to thicken hair. You should use formulas recommended from your stylist from the Volumetry line to maintain your volume turned up for few days. You can visit LPsalons.com to find a salon. Tips for wet hair You should use a product to prepare your hair before you blow dry. In this way you will increase volume at the roots and on the lengths to thicken and coat your hair. You should use Kérastase Lift Vertige Root-Uplifting Gel and apply it directly to your comb to make lift at the scalp. You can also apply a lightweight mousse, like Vidal Sassoon Pro Series Boost & Lift Foaming Air Mousse through the rest of your hair to fluff up individual strands. If you want to give your hair maximum lift you should use a big round brush to blow dry.

Table of Contents Hide Daily bite-sized proptech and property news in partnership with Estate Agent Networking. Proptech platform scoops £42 million funding to grow its international presence LandTech, a London-based proptech platform for development site sourcing and assessing, has announced its £42 million Series A funding round. The investment round was led by a US-based investment firm Updata Partners, along with participation from Flashpoint Secondary Fund and existing investors Pi Labs and JLL Spark. The proceeds from this round will be used by LandTechto expand its international presence and grow its product offering, helping customers to identify and benefit from new development opportunities. “LandTech has achieved incredible growth with minimal funding and we’re excited to help them accelerate their international expansion and product development,” said Jon Seeber, a General Partner at Updata. “As property development transitions into a digital era, LandTech’s current and future offerings serve as critical infrastructure required to manage traditionally disparate data and collaboration across the industry,” said Jonny Britton, CEO and co-founder of LandTech. “Our goals are to streamline the process of unlocking the value of land with a unique ecosystem of data-driven tools that will fill a critical void in the growth of the property development industry globally.” Jonny Britton and Andrew Moist established LandTech in 2015. Its flagship product – LandInsight has centralised planning, ownership and policy data to open up the property market for the 10 largest housebuilders and thousands of SME property developers in the UK alike. This product has helped to build over 50,000 homes in the UK. With its suite of products, LandTech intends to bring transparency to the entire property development process starting from initial sourcing and assessing throughout appraisal and funding. Currently, the fast-growing proptech is on a major recruitment drive and aims to double its team 130 within 2022. Already, LandTech has hired 50 new team members this year. Its customer base includes Taylor Wimpey, CBRE, BNP Paribas, Cushman & Wakefield, JLL and Savills. Digital lead generator LeadPro acquired by epropservices The brand and technology provider to the property sector epropservices has announced its acquisition of Property Technology Ltd, better known as LeadPro, a lead generation platform used by the UK’s largest estate agencies. This latest acquisition, backed by Toscafund, will enable more estate agents to access the latest digital marketing and lead generation technology. Jon Cooke, CEO of epropservices, says: “In the last three years over 400 of our customers have integrated the LeadPro marketing tech into their businesses and it’s provided them with a significant commercial advantage. Bringing LeadPro into the group will make integrating the latest digital customer journey technology more accessible for estate agents and place epropservices as a leader in the Proptech space.” LeadPro provides marketing and lead generation software that helps them book more valuations, grow market share, digitalise customer journeys, impress applicants and modernise branch management. Including an online valuation tool, portal lead responder, on-demand telephony prospector, social media marketing service and a lead management dashboard with a team performance league table. Sam Zawadzki, CEO of LeadPro, “The merger will allow us to have access to a larger development team and more resources for investing in new tech and faster product development, which means greater product selection for both existing and future clients.” he comments. Sam will also become Chief Product Officer within epropservices, to enable better integration between agents’ websites and LeadPro, and the scale of the deal will also make it much easier for the platform to integrate with CRMs. Toscafund and epropservices director, Matthew Siebert adds: “As epropservices’ majority shareholder, Toscafund is very pleased to support the group’s endeavour to build Britain’s leading proptech services provider to the estate agency community. This acquisition further ensures that epropservices can deliver a full suite of digital tools to its clients.” NatWest pleads guilty to money laundering failures NatWest has pleaded guilty to three counts of money laundering failures. The lender admitted to charges that it failed to ensure adequate anti-money laundering controls were in place on one customer between 7 November 2013 until 23 June 2016 at Westminster Magistrates’ Court. It now awaits sentencing at Southwark Crown Court for sentencing due in four to eight weeks for a fine that may amount to as much as £400m. The bank said a provision will be made in the group’s third-quarter financial accounts “in anticipation of a potential fine being imposed at that hearing”. The case was brought by the Financial Conduct Authority who say “no individuals are being charged as part of these proceedings.” The court heard around £356m, £264m in cash, from one Bradford-based business customer was deposited in its NatWest account over a five-year period. The bank had earlier forecast the turnover of the firm would amount to £15m a year. NatWest said it had cooperated fully with the FCA since its investigation began, adding it has spent almost £700m on beefing up its monitoring systems over the last five years and plans to spend over £1bn in the coming five years. NatWest chief executive Alison Rose says: “We deeply regret that NatWest failed to adequately monitor and therefore prevent money laundering by one of our customers between 2012 and 2016. “NatWest has a vital part to play in detecting and preventing financial crime and we take extremely seriously our responsibility to prevent money laundering by third parties. “In the years since this case, we have invested significant resources and continue to enhance our efforts to effectively combat financial crime.” SmartSearch chief executive John Dobson says a high street bank pleading guilty to money laundering failures may prove a “wake up call” to other regulated firms who do not devote enough resources to this issue. Dobson says: “To have a bank the size of NatWest pleading guilty to money laundering charges is unprecedented, and hopefully will be a wake-up call for the industry. “Despite tools being readily available to prevent this illegal activity, currently 99% of ill-gotten gains are successfully laundered by criminals, and regulated businesses need to do much more to prevent this. “If the moral obligation to stop terrorists, drug smugglers and sex traffickers legitimising their money isn’t enough motivation, through this case the FCA has shown it is willing to severely punish those who don’t take their responsibilities seriously. “To genuinely prevent money laundering, regulated businesses need to be much more proactive in doing away with outdated systems and methods of ID verification, and invest in technology that is fit for purpose. “The tech has long been available to quickly and efficiently verify customers and prevent this type of activity, banks just need to adopt it. “Without disrupting the customers’ experience, this software will flag the cases that need further attention and save the banks time and effort. “Banks can get set-up quickly and easily, so there is no excuse for them not to shore-up their anti-money laundering defences.”

To the outside world it may appear that Full-time RVing is all rainbows and butterflies, a constant adventure and permanent vacation. What may not be evident are its complications and challenges, yet these too can be opportunities for honing one’s skills and growth. Now that we are no longer newbies and have some time and experience to reflect on our journey, here is our list of the pros and cons of this lifestyle. - Campfires – For recreational campers, building a fire at the campsite is a part of the experience. For full-time RVers, campfire smoke is like dense pollution that quickly fills every square inch of the RV with little escape, minus a strong breeze in the other direction. Sometimes the smell is only removed after a few days and a couple loads of laundry. - Mildew and mold are common. In very small spaces, one begins to realize how much moisture we, as humans, put off. In certain climates it is not uncommon to wake up with all the windows inside and much of the walls covered with a moist dew. This turns into mildew or mold if preventative measures and diligence are not taken. - Smells seem amplified in such a small space. The “off gassing” of two humans and two cats in a tiny space is a regular assortment of interesting and usually undesirable odors. - Things break a lot – RVs are houses that are subjected to the abuse of highways and roadways at 60+ mph. Many of the systems in RVs are of questionable quality to begin with, and after a decade and 50,000 miles things fail with some regularity. - Noisy weekend campers are out to party and get away. This often conflicts with the full-timer wanting a normal quiet night at home. This can be avoided by staying away from public parks by large population centers, especially on weekends. - Tiny shower – RV bathrooms are tiny with minuscule showers. They are so small that simply turning around is an exercise in balance, control, and spatial awareness. - Inside traffic jams – If we are both moving around in the RV at the same time, we are with certainty going to be in each other’s way. - Gas costs when travelling. We bought an RV to travel, but at 9 miles per gallon at $4/gallon, it not hard to visualize dollars flying out of the tail pipe. - Creepy Bathrooms – Sometimes using the facilities at campgrounds is not unlike walking into a horror movie. Restrooms and showers at campgrounds are rarely well cared for and can be down right creepy. - In such a small space, clutter and mess are as easy as a few things being out of place. - With nature comes bugs, expect to have visitors and the occasional welt. - Maintaining a budget – With fluctuating costs it is very difficult to maintain a regular budget, though we do try. - Lack of regular community – We do miss being a part of a regular community. Having lived in the city in a particularly social neighborhood, we miss the connections. - Unfamiliarity with local service providers – Finding a good mechanic, hair cut, notary public, medical and dental care and just about everything else can be a challenge. Luckily with online reviews the troubles are lessened, somewhat. - Generational Gap – The traditional full-time RV’er is retired and for younger full-timers there can be a generational gap and sometimes a subtle hint of ageism. While the cons to full-time RVing are tangible, the pros, on the other hand, are less so, yet much more profound. - The travel – Seeing and experiencing new places is exciting! - Meeting new people – part and parcel of the travel experience is meeting new people and learning from each one. - Personal growth – This might be the most important and significant and every man’s journey is his own. - Serendipity – realizing after the fact, all the things that led you to a place. - Volunteering/free camp – there is something joyful about volunteering, when there is no money exchanged, there is just appreciation. Living rent free is a dynamite perk. - Easy clean up – It takes only 10-15 minutes to entirely clean the inside of the RV. - Simplicity – the lifestyle demands simplicity which leads to less stress and a lack of want. - Communication – increased communication with spouse or travel partner and with people from a wide variety of backgrounds. This can easily be a con too, hopefully this is known before hitting the road. We have seen relationships strengthened and fall apart. - Nature – regularly being connected with nature develops an appreciation for the natural world and nourishes the spirit. - Lack of routine – we find that by breaking out of routine and the comfort of familiarity, it opens us up to growth and by regularly having new experiences, life tends to slow down. - Less stress – As result from a lack of want and reducing responsibilities, anxiety is at a minimum. - General over sense of well being – responsibly breaking from convention to really experience life and develop awareness results in a sense of peace. - Learning and education – The opportunity for experiential learning through travel is tremendous. We learned more in a year of travel than we did the previous decade in our “normal” life.

Difference in primary secondary and tertiary crushing , Difference Between Grinder And Crusher - Stone Crushing Machine What Is the Cost Difference . Know Primary And Secondary Stone Crushers - greenrevolutionorgin.Difference Between Primary Secondary And Tertiary Jaw Crusher. Jul 10, 2020 The degree to which material is reduced through stages of primary, secondary, and tertiary crushing can depend on the type of material, like aggregate, concrete, and asphalt, and can also depend on the variety of output sizes needing produced. Difference Between Primary Secondary And Tertiary Crushers. Primary and secondary cone crushers Secondary and tertiary cone crushers Jaw crushers Crushing and handling plant DPU1000 Mills The company supplies cone crushers with crusher head base diameter of 1750, 2200 and 3000 mm and crushing chambers of two types KSD used for intermediate crushing, and KMD designed for tertiary crushing. Used Crushers With Secondary And Tertiary. Difference between primary crusher and secondary crushers. difference between primary crusher and secondary crushers,gyratory crushers can be used for primary or secondary crushing the crushing action is caused by the closing of the gap between the mantle line movable mounted on the central vertical spindle and the concave liners fixed mounted. Primary Crusher Secondary. primary primary secondary secondary crushers crushers352 590mm 25.6 650mm 25.6 650mm (sec) npks primary secondary crushers are designed to effectively handle any primary and or secondary demolition and recycling operation. www.brandt.ca.primary, secondary and tertiary information sources, the video below describes in greater detail about the differences. Crusher primary secondary tertiary onesittingdegree. crusher primary secondary tertiary 30 May 2013 difference between primary secondary and tertiary crushers . handy rock crusher in pakistan Portable Crushing Primary, secondary and tertiary crushing units can also be installed on semi-trailers and Track Mounted . Differences primary and secondary crushers difference between primary crusher and secondary Aug 5 2015 HSI crushers can be primary or secondary crushers In the primary pit created between the fixed crusher jaw and the crusher jaw articulated on an eccentric shaft Impact crushing is totally different from pressure crushing . Differences primary and secondary crushers. Difference between the primary crusher and difference between primary and secondary crushershsi crushers can be primary or secondary crushers the raw feed is crushed in the wedge shaped pit created between the fixed crusher jaw and the crusher jaw impact crushing is totally different from pressure crushing differences primary and secondary. Difference Between Primary Secondary And Tertiary Crushers. Difference between primary secondary and tertiary crushers,Aug 5 2015 The gap between the jaws becomes narrower farther down into the crusher HSI crushers can be primary or secondary crushers Cone crushers are used in secondary tertiary and quaternary stages The difference is that the rotor of a hammermill carries a. Differences primary and secondary crushers difference between primary crusher and secondary . aug 5, 2015 hsi crushers can be primary or secondary crushers. in the primary . pit created between the fixed crusher jaw, and the crusher jaw articulated on an eccentric shaft. impact crushing is totally different from pressure crushing. Secondary impact crusher liming – liming Hot-sale Products From large primary jaw crusher and impact crusher to cone crusher and VSI series for secondary or Secondary crusher for sale,Secondary crushing equipment. Crushers primary secondary and tertiary . Products We offer gyratory and jaw crushers for primary, secondary and tertiary crushing applications primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary The reduction . crushers for primary secondary and tetiary . Primary,secondary and tertiary crushers. Secondary Tertiary Crushing Circuits , In this sector on Secondary and Tertiary , The feed comes from the primary crusher and will have a certain amount of .Primary crushers are commonly designed to operate 75 of the available time, , mostly secondary and tertiary crushers are operated in closed circuitMachinery for primary, secondary, tertiary. In general, jaw crusher is used as the primary crusher, and cone crusher and impact crusher as the secondary. And they always combine with each other in the whole crushing line during the crushing process. Comparison of crushing principles Different crushing principle of jaw crusher, cone crusher and impact crusher. Primary crushing brings run-of-mine ore down to a maximum size of the order 4″ to 6″ in average diameter secondary crushing receives feed at −6″ and reduces it to below “Dry” crushing includes work on ore as mined, which may be somewhat moist when delivered. It is succeeded by comminution in water, arbitrarily called “grinding”. A crushing plant having elevator means located primary and secondary crushers, each comprising first and second stage crushing devices. Input material is fed into a receiving unit is separated thereby into pieces of finish size which are discharged onto a delivery.

Top 5 Best Home Dehumidifiers: Editor Recommended The 10 Best Home Dehumidifiers Reviews: 1. hOmeLabs 4,500 Sq. Ft Energy Star Dehumidifier The hOmelabs 50 pint dehumidifier brings comfort to your home just when you need it the most. This powerful dehumidifier helps reduce humidity levels and is perfect for keeping allergens at bay for extra large rooms and basements up to 4,500 ft². Aside from reducing discomfort, this dehumidifier can also help cool down your home. Designed with effortless control in mind, humidity levels are easy to read and adjust, and Auto Shut-Off, Defrost, and Auto-Restart functions promote convenience. For this portable dehumidifier to work at its best, regular cleaning is key. Its filter is removable, washable, and easy to clean. Our recommendation: wash the filter every 30 days. This 50 pint dehumidifier features a removable water tank for easy drainage. Just pull out the water tank the way you pull out a drawer. It’s that easy! Enjoy faster and trouble-free water drainage. Here’s how: Don’t got time for that? There’s also a drain hose outlet for continuous draining. The hose is not included; we recommend a ⅝” diameter garden hose with an internal threaded end, and optionally Teflon tape for extra security. - Our 15.4 x 11 x 24.3 inches dehumidifier with 1.6 gallon water tank capacity removes up to 50 pints (70 Pint 2012 DOE Standard) from the air per day depending on moisture condition and the size of your room. - That most dehumidifiers are clunky eyesores is news to nobody. We designed with the modern consumer in mind: a sleek clean look, convenient built-in wheels and handles, - Dehumidifiers don’t need to be complicated, so ours isn’t. Adjust to your ideal moisture setting, then let it run its continuous 24-hour cycle until the tank is full, at which point it will automatically shut-off. - Eliminites Moistness, Odor & Other Things You Hate: Moist is a bad word. Our portable dehumidifier reduces odors and moisture through its built-in pump compressor. 2. GE Energy Star 50 Pint Dehumidifier The GE 50 pint Energy Star Dehumidifier with built-in pump removes up to 50 pints of water from the air every 24 hours! This model is ideal for wet room conditions, anywhere in the home, basement or garage. The built-in pump with an included hose, allows water to be drained to any convenient location up to 16 feet away. This feature eliminates the need to check in on the water level in the bucket, and the need to empty the bucket periodically. The soft touch control panel and LED digital controls on this GE dehumidifier let you clearly see and manage your settings. The Energy Star model offers 3 fan speeds to choose from, auto defrost control, and a 2- or 4- hour off timer, while pocket handles and easy roll hidden wheels make it easy to move from one location to another. The pocket handles make it easy to transport between rooms. Other features like the adjustable humidistat, 3 fan speeds, auto restart and auto defrost features provide ease of use and effective moisture removal from wet rooms. - This GE Energy Star dehumidifier removes 50 pints of moisture from the air every day. This model is ideal for wet rooms, with excessive moisture, anywhere in the home or basement. - The built-in pump with an included hose, allows water to be drained to any convenient location up to 16 feet away. This feature eliminates the need to check in on the water level in the bucket, and the need to empty the bucket periodically. - This feature alerts you if the bucket, which has a capacity of 1.8 gallons, is full or missing. The alarm will sound for 10 seconds to let you know it’s time to empty or replace the bucket. - The unit works best with a clean filter, so we’ll remind you when it’s time to clean it. 3. TECCPO 3000 Sq.Ft Dehumidifier TECCPO dehumidifier will automatically start to dehumidify once the air humidity exceeds the setting to maintain required humidity anytime. 24H Timer – No more wait for dry air Overflow Protection – No need to concern about water leaks. 50 Pints Moisture Removal 3.8L Large Water Tank Mobility – Hidden Handle & Casters Small Size – 13.19×9.65×19.88 in Two Drain Ways – Manual Drain & Continuous Drain. This dehumidifier is lightweight and in small size. And it is super easy to reach every corner of your room with the 360°casters and built-in handles. The sleek clean look allows it neatly blends into your stylish home - TAD30B can remove 30 Pints 50 pint 2012 DOE standard of moisture a day from house up to 3,000 sq.ft., ideal to keep your room dry and clean. A Powerful dehumidifier for home, garage, basements, closet, garage, etc - With accurate temperature sensors and technical SLAM, ambient temperature outstanding maintains room humidity in the comfortable range from 45% to 55%. Program the 24 hrs timer to auto start and stop for worry-free dehumidification - Manual Drain, when the 3.8L water tank is full, the dehumidifier will automatically shut-off by overflow protection. Auto Drain, easy hose access, you could enjoy excellent dehumidify by gravity drain ( hose not included ) - TECCPO dehumidifier is Energy Star certified which allows it reduce the moisture without racking up your energy bill. TECCPO offers 2 year warranty and lifetime expert tech support 4. Waykar 4500 Sq. Ft Dehumidifier The most comfortable relative humidity is between 30%-60%; The recommended range is between 45% – 55% to manage health effects and illnesses. Our Waykar 70 Pints Dehumidifiers are designed with adjustable humidity range between 30-80% and intelligent humidity control functions, you can manage ideal indoor humidity for maximum comfort effortlessly. Waykar 70 Pt Dehumidifier, featuring a powerful compressor and 112 CFM system, is capable of removing up to 9 gallon of moisture(70 pints) per day in spaces up to 4500 Sq. Ft. Whether you got a humid basement, office, home, bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, stockroom, living room, laundry room, cellars, crawlspace, etc., this dehumidifier can handle it all, improves air quality and promotes a healthy enviroment by keeping your place in the ideal 45%-55% humidity. - Our dehumidifier are able to remove up to 70 pints (under 95°F,85%RH condition) of moisture per day. (Please note: under 95°F,85%RH condition, the max dehumidification capacity up to 70 pints)in areas - The Waykar dehumidifiers designed with the sleek and modern look. With built-in wheels and ergonomically placed handles, you can move this dehumidifier easily. - There is an intelligent screen touch control panel display on the dehumidifier, you can operate it easily. Humidity Auto Control: Simply adjust to your ideal moisture setting, it will smartly sense room humidity - Waykar dehumidifiers with functions of Safety Standby Mode that prevents overheating. Overflow Protection and Alarming Functions available if the water tank is full for extra security. - All of Waykar Dehumidifiers are covered with 30-Days Money Back if you are not satisfied with the product, 1 year warranty, 2nd year warranty extension and lifetime expert tech support. Please don’t hesitate to contact 5. SEAVON Dehumidifier 35oz Dehumidifiers Remove excess moisture in a small space. Effectively adjust air humidity. Reduce moisture growth and the prevalence of other contaminants that can trigger allergy and asthma symptoms. Eradicate Condensation of your windows, reduce your walls staining, discoloring, and even peeling. Keep clothes, bedding dry and clean by removing excess water from the air. Provide a suitable humidity for plant growth. You could choose it working on the day. Fast and effective dehumidification. You could choose it working at night. Brings you no bother or noises during the operation of the machine. The dehumidifier shuts off automatically and will flash with red light when the water tank reaches between 700ml- 800ml that protects from the risk of overflow. The low-speed mode is super quiet, with a considerate 30dB whisper-quiet operation and sleep mode, suitable for bedrooms and offices. Auto Shut Off function to prevent the water from overflowing. It is also very safe and convenient to use when you are not at home. - ➤SEAVON portable dehumidifier with 35oz(1000ml) capacity tank extracts up to 16oz(450ml) of water daily in a humid environment of 86°F and 80% RH. The dehumidifier is suitable for the bathroom. Keep moisture below 45%, powerful efficiency for removing the moisture in the air. - ➤Our electric dehumidifier has 7 changing lights (which could be set steady on), this bedroom dehumidifier creates a sweet and romantic sleeping atmosphere for you. - ➤The dehumidifier designed with high speed and low speed that meet all kinds of dehumidification requirements of different people. You can freely switch between 2 modes. - ➤This small dehumidifier has a cylindrical design and small size(6.3×6.3×10 inches). Perfect for control humidity in your home, such as kitchen, bathroom, bedroom, basement, garage, closet. Note: The optimal operating temperature of the dehumidifier is 59-104℉. It will not work below 41℉. - ➤According to research, if the moisture in the air above 50% can breed uncomfortable or other health problems. Dehumidifier will start work when the humidity more than 45%, it collects moisture and releases fresh air, providing you a healthy and comfortable environment. 6. SEAVON Dehumidifiers for Home The dehumidification performance is affected by humidity, temperature, space size, airflow speed(windows or door closed or not) The effect is more obvious in a humid closed small space with a relatively high temperature. If the air temperature is ＜59℉ the effect of dehumidification is not obvious, and it will not work ＜41°F If the humidity is ＜80%RH, the dehumidifier usually does not remove 31.5 oz (900ml) a day. Faster and Efficient Dehumidification. Using double semiconductors, it can quickly remove up to 750ml of water at 86℉ (30°C) ,85% RH daily. Remove the unpleasant odor, dissipate sultry air, keep your bedroom, bathroom, basement, and garage air fresh. It is not only a small dehumidifier for home, but also a portable dehumidifier for RV. Effectively remove excess water in the air, improving the air quality, especially after a bath or shower. Keep the environment dry and comfortable. Control pleasant room humidity and protect your health. The most suitable humidity for people is 40-60% - SEAVON 4th generation dehumidifiers upgraded with thermoelectric cooling technology and a 61oz water tank, ensure 750ml per day dehumidification (at 86℉,80%RH) better than others electric mini dehumidifiers, Ideal for rooms up to 5000 cubic feet (510 sq ft). - The electric dehumidifier powered by advanced technology with no compressor is whisper quiet during operation. Noise is below 39dB without annoying sound, offer quiet environment when you are sleeping or rest. - No matter where you are that you could control it in a 10m long-range. In the STRONG MODE, the compact dehumidifier is set to high fan speed and it will reduce humidity fast. In the ULTRA-QUIET SLEEP MODE, it ensures the Dehumidifiers run quietly so that you can enjoy sleep soundly. - The portable dehumidifier will automatically shut-off when the water tank is full. The light will turn red when the tank needs to be drained. And it’s really easy to remove the tank and put it back into the dehumidifier. - One button control, the portable dehumidifiers for home, basements, RV, bathroom, bedroom starts work when the humidity more than 45%, it collects moisture and releases fresh air that doesn’t make you feel 7. DELLA 3000 Sq. Ft Dehumidifier Wifi Energy Star No products found. High air humidity may cause mildew on walls and floors, bad smells, and stale air in your home. Obtained the optimum environmental conditions with DELLA’s dehumidifier is an ideal choice. Removes up to 35 pints（50 Pint 2012 DOE Standard) of moisture daily from medium to large rooms such as basements, dens, and storage rooms. With 360° rotatable wheels and ergonomically lift-up handles, you can move around this dehumidifier easily. When it reaches maximum capacity, the dehumidifier will automatically switch off until the tank has been emptied. The unit will make a beeping noise, and the “Full Tank “symbol is flashing. Meanwhile, a reusable and washable filter preserves fresh and clean air quality. A maximum 48-decibel limit enables low volume operation equivalent to a quiet conversation. 2 drainage options for your draining choices: Auto Drain: With drain hose (NOT INCLUDED, recommend an 11/16″ diameter garden hose with an internally threaded end) for continuously auto-drain your dehumidifier without emptying the water bucket. Manual Drain: The large 0.9 Gallons Water Tank and Bucket Full Indicator lets you know when the water bucket needs to be emptied. - This DELLA smart dehumidifier removes moisture with less energy than conventional dehumidifiers, saving energy costs! This unit removes up to 35 pints （50 Pint 2012 DOE Standard) of moisture daily from medium to large rooms such as basements, dens, and storage rooms. - Wi-Fi Enabled and compatible with Amazon Alexa voice commands and DELLA APP, this Smart Dehumidifier can be controlled from almost anywhere. With easy to use control panel, you can set up the desired humidity level while the unit runs either automatic or manual, personalized settings. - This unit is easy to carry around, light, and mobile with 360° easy-roll hidden wheels design for better room-to-room portability, and can run for a preset amount of time with its easy timer control, while the filter clean and container full warnings let you know when to clean the filter or empty the water container for optimal performance. - Washable filter helps reduce dust and is easily cleaned under a faucet – no replacement filters are required. It measures 14.37″(W) x 19.69″(H)x 9.84″(D), has a 0.9-gallon water tank capacity, and removes up to 35 pints of moisture from the air per day, designed to keep your home at the proper humidity level 24/7. No products found. 8. Waykar 2000 Sq. Ft Dehumidifier for Home and Basements Waykar Home Dehumidifier, featuring a powerful compressor and 112 CFM system, is capable of removing moisture in spaces up to 2000 square feet. Whether you got a humid basement, office, home, bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, stockroom, living room, laundry room, cellars, crawlspace, etc., this dehumidifier can handle it all, improves air quality and promotes a comfort environment by keeping your place in the ideal 45%-55% humidity. After you set your desired humidity, the dehumidifier will run intelligently. Humidity Auto Control-Simply adjust to your desire humidity, it will work smartly, when it reached its designated humidity, it will automatically stop working and then automatically restart to dehumidify when the humidity above target is sensed. Automatic Shut Off/On-Shuts off automatically when the bucket is full and switch it on again after the bucket emptied. Power Outage Automatic Restart - Our dehumidifiers are able to remove up to 34 pints (under 95°F,90%RH condition) of moisture per day. (Please note: under 95°F,90%RH condition, the max dehumidification capacity up to 34 pints) in areas up to 2000 Sq. Ft and adjust humidity from 30% to 85%.It is a dehumidifier ideal for any basements, - The Waykar dehumidifiers designed with sleek and modern look. With 360° rotatable wheels and ergonomically lift up handles, you can move around this dehumidifier easily. - The unit comes with a 6.56 feet drain hose that you can attached to the drain pipe hole to continually drain water that is dehumidified. Manual Drain – The water tank is 0.66 gallon/2.5 L,when it reaches maximum - All of Waykar Dehumidifiers are covered with 30-Days Money Back if you are not satisfied with the product, 1 year warranty, 2nd year warranty extension and lifetime expert tech support. 9. Kesnos 70 Pint Dehumidifiers Kesnos 70 Pt Dehumidifier is with a powerful compressor and 112 CFM system. It can quickly and quietly remove up to 70 pints(under 95°F,90%RH condition) of moisture from the air per day, fits for medium to large rooms in areas up to 4,500 Sq. Ft.. It is designed with adjustable humidity range between 30-80% and intelligent humidity control system, you can adjust ideal indoor humidity for maximum comfort easily! It is a dehumidifier perfect for home, basements, RV, office, living room, cellars, crawlspace by removing humidity. This is a dehumidifier with laundry-drying settings, you simply place the dehumidifier in a room where you can hang the wet clothes and the machine will remove the moisture from the air,the clothes will dry naturally. Simply adjust to your ideal moisture setting, then let it run its continuous 24-hour cycle until the tank is full, at which point it will automatically shut-off. 2 drainage options for your draining choices: Auto Drain: The with included 2m (6.56 feet) drain hose for continuously auto-drain your dehumidifier without emptying the water bucket. Manual Drain: The 1.18 Gallons Water Tank and Bucket Full Indicator lets you know when the water bucket needs to be emptied. - Our dehumidifier removes up to 70 pint (under 95°F,90%RH condition) of moisture per 24 hours, fit for medium to large rooms in areas up to 4, 500 Sq. Ft. and is able to adjust humidity from 30% to 85%, you can maintain a healthy 45%-55% humidity range easily! - The Kesnos dehumidifiers designed with sleek and modern look. With 360° easy-roll hidden wheels and ergonomically recessed handles, you can move around this dehumidifier easily. It is quiet operation that won’t disturb you when you sleep or at work and adjustable fan speeds for multiple choices. - This dehumidifier with digital display offers a convenient and accurate humidity level readout, you can operate it easily. Humidity Auto Control: Simply adjust to your ideal moisture setting, it will smartly sense room humidity and control dehumidify. - All of Kesnos Dehumidifiers are covered with 30-Days Money Back, 1 Year Warranty, 2nd year warranty extension when your product registered and lifetime expert tech support. If there is any question, 10. CLEVAST 3,000 Sq. Ft Energy Star 35 Pints Dehumidifier Clevast Dehumidifier helps improve the air quality around your home and keeps a healthy and safe environment. One factor you need to consider is your room space so we keep that in mind and created a product that would be perfect to use for medium to large room spaces for up to 3,000 square ft and is able to collect 35 pints (50 Pint 2012 DOE Standard) of water a day. It is very convenient and simple to use. Adjust your desired moisture setting and let it run continuously for 24 hours until the tank is full. The “FULL” indicator will light up to alert you. But no worries, if you don’t notice the tank is full, the unit has “auto-shutoff” technology that will automatically shut down the unit when the bucket is full. Allow at least 20cm of air space on all sides of the unit for good air circulation (at least 40cm of air space on the air outlet) Place the unit in an area where the temperature will not fall below 5°C (41°F). The cold can become covered with frost at temperatures below 5°C (41°F) which may reduce the performance of the unit. The CLEVAST dehumidifier has an easy control panel. When set time or temperature is reached, it will shut off intelligently. The auto defrost function prevents the collected water from being frozen and doing harm to the machine, and it supports 24-hour continuous dehumidifying which is awesome. - The CLEVAST dehumidifier can collect up to 35 pints (50 Pint 2012 DOE Standard) of water a day and covers areas up to 3,000 square feet. It efficiently and safely removes moisture and is perfect for medium to large areas such as basement\living room\bathroom\garage\stock room\laundry\cellars\crawlspace. - The 360° rotational wheels are designed for your convenience. You can now easily move it from one place to another. The large water tank (capacity is 1.6 gallons)is also smartly designed. - Its portable bucket handle makes it easy to clean. You can easily take out the tank and flush out the water or simply connect a drain hose (not included) to the built-in socket for gravity-fed continuous draining. The washable filter at the back preserves the air quality without expensive replacement parts. - Our dehumidifier is UL Listed and Energy Star Certified. It is eco-friendly, safe, and energy saving. CLEVAST offers a 12-month warranty and lifetime support. Customer Satisfaction is our TOP priority. Please contact us directly if you have any questions.

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Ayurveda - Basic Facts Everyone Needs to Know Basic Principals of Ayurveda The rishis of ancient India through deep meditation were able to pierce the veil of illusion and see the underlying mechanics of the manifest world. What they could see was that everyone and everything is made of five elements that interchange and morph into that which can been seen, touched, heard, tasted, and smelled. These fundamental elements are air (vayu), space (akasha), fire (agni), water (jala), and earth (prithivi). They were also able to experience the source of the five elements as pure silence and unbounded awareness. The most fundamental element is space. Space is unbounded and infinite. It is also called Akasha and is the first manifestation of pure awareness. When we think of space, we can imagine the unlimited canopy of the sky or the infinite galaxies and within the human body, it is the hollow spaces and cavities within bone structure and the colon. As space becomes more condensed, atoms and molecules are created and space becomes a notch more manifest as air. Air is moving, light, cool, and unstable and as it moves quicker and quicker a friction is created and transforms itself into fire. Air is connected to thoughts and movement in the human system. Fire is hot, consuming, transformational, and powerful. In the human body it is connected to metabolism, digestion, blood, and hormone functions. This fire melts everything into a liquid state and this liquid is the water element. Water is cool, heavy, flowing, and moist. This water then solidifies into Earth element. Earth has qualities of solidity, groundedness, coolness, moisture, and density. These are the fundamental elements that overlap with each other, combine, and continually fluctuate in all of manifest creation. All animal, plant, mineral, and human physiology have a unique combination and pattern of these five elements. Specific combinations of the elements are called Doshas and categorized as Vata, a combination of air and space, Pitta - water and fire, and Kapha, earth and water. The dhatus are translated as tissues. Ayurveda recognizes seven main tissues that sequentially unfold from the first to the last. The 8th tissue is formed only if the first seven have been properly formed. Lymph, blood, muscle tissue, fat, bone marrow and nerve tissue, bone, sperm and ovum. If all of these seven tissues are properly formed then the 8th tissue which is more subtle is formed and that is called ojas. Ojas is what gives a healthy glow to the skin, strong immunity, energy, and the experience of natural happiness and bliss in individual life. Ayurveda takes great precautions to protect one’s ojas through diet, digestion, and healthy lifestyle. The way that the tissues of the body are transformed is through Agni (fire element). There are many types of agnis at work in the body. These agnis are like small flames that help transform tissues, transform food into energy, and transform food into waste products called malas. An Ayurvedic practitioner will check to make sure that these agnis are working properly. If the fire is too strong then it is burning to quickly not allowing the tissue to fully develop. If the agni is too little, then it is too weak to do its job. Herbal medicines and diet will be recommended to get the agni back to normal functioning. Malas are feces, urine, and sweat. The formation of malas is something that Ayurveda also analyzes to come to understand the health or disease state of the body. Burning urination could be a sign of excess agni. Loose stools and foul smelling sweat are a sign of toxins in the body. These toxins are called ama. In order to eliminate ama, therapeutic detoxification procedures called panchakarma are recommended. Three Humors or Tri-Dosha Ayurvedic Medicine is based on the concept of the three doshas - Tridosha. Dosha commonly means 'force' or 'fault, something which can easily go out of balance, leading to a disorder in the body or mind. The concept of dosha is not unlike the traditional Western idea of three basic body types - ectomorph (lean and delicate), mesomorph (compact and muscular) and endomorph (stocky). Most of us are a combination of two or three types. The Ayurvedic tridosha are known as Vata (the lightest, portrayed by the colour blue), Pitta (medium, red) and Kapha (heaviest, yellow). Somebody with dominant Vata energy tends to be thin, restless and creative; the Pitta mostly conforms to a happy medium; Kapha people tend to be heavy, slow and lethargic. Ayurveda teaches that everything in the world is made up of a combination of the three doshas, and that the doshas themselves combine two of the five elements; Vata is Ether and Air; Pitta is Fire and Water; Kapha is Water and Earth. Definition of Health AYURVEDA'S DEFINITION OF HEALTH "sama dosha sama agnischa sama dhatu mala kriyaaha| Prasanna atma indriya manaha swastha iti abhidheeyate" - Sushruta Samhita One is in perfect health when the Three doshas ( vata, pitta and Kapha) Digestive fire ( digestion, assimilation and metabolism) all the body tissues & components (Dhatus) (the entire physical body) all the excretory functions (the physiological functions of urination and defecation) are in perfect order with a pleasantly disposed and contented mind, senses and spirit. Three Doshas: Vata, Pitta and Kapha are the three functionalities, which govern all the physiological, psychological and spiritual aspects of one's life. They each have five subdivisions, delicately intertwined. Ayurveda describes in great detail as to how they function and how to keep them in balance and also how to bring them into balance when they are out of balance. Digestive fire: This is called Agni. Agni can be equated to the word metabolism. This includes the digestion, absorption, assimilation. Conversion of the assimilated food into various Dhatus, such as Plasma, blood, muscle, bone, fat, seminal fluid in men and Artava in women (There is no equivalent term in English for Artava) and finally Ojas or the vital force of the body. In medical term this could be the final responsible tissue for the secretion of Serotonin and Dopamine. Excretory functions: Ayurveda puts great emphasis for the excretory functions to be in perfect order to be in perfect health. This would prevent diseases. Keeps one in good health, spirit and gives long life. Ayurveda elaborately describes how one should maintain one's lifestyle. Pleasantly disposed contented spirit, senses and mind: Ayurveda's definition of health is all encompassing. Social well being can only be possible when all these criteria are met. Concept of Disease according to Ayurveda Ayurveda has a very profound insight in understanding the disease and its time of manifestation and the various approaches to treat the diseases. This particular verse from the classical Ayurveda text beautifully describes it. "Janmaantara kritam paapam vyaadhi roopena bhaadate. Tat shantihi aushadhaihi, daanaihi, japa homa suaarchanaihi." All diseases are rooted in the mind before manifesting. (mind has a longer shelf life than the physical body. The imprints of the mind gets carried forward to the next body. This is known as repeated births. According to Ayurveda the seeds of diseases are carried in the mind and they manifest at appropriate times during one's life. According to Vedic astrology, which is also in line with Ayurvedic principles, Planetary forces govern the expressions of these imprints (KARMA) in the mind. This is where Ayurveda and Vedic astrology come together as interconnected Vedic sciences. A Vaidya in real sense must have the knowledge of both Ayurveda and Astrology When such a disease is manifested, it should be treated with: - Aushada - Medicine. - Daana - Giving donations and doing charitable acts. - Japa - repeating a particular mantra in a prescribed manner. - Homa - offering of various herbs and dishes to the fire, chanting mantras with a particular intent, either to a deity or a planet. - Suraarchana - Special prayers to specific deity. Such was the ancient wisdom of our Sages. We are committed at IVAC to be the living examples of this wisdom. WHO (World Health Organization) DEFINITION OF HEALTH "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." The correct bibliographic citation for the definition is: Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22 June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948. The Definition has not been amended since 1948. Ayurveda – The Science of Life Ayurvedic Medicine is a holistic health care science that focuses not only the prevention of disease but addresses solutions to chronic conditions. Indus Valley Ayurvedic Center (IVAC) is dedicated to practicing this ancient system in its pristine form by integrating the knowledge of modern medicine as in diagnostics, surgeries, trauma, emergencies and scientific research along with the treatment and healing modalities with the traditional Vedic wisdom of Ayurveda. The Vedic masters of ancient times inform us that all suffering in life is due to the violation of natural law, either knowingly or unknowingly. Ayurveda generously gives the guidelines to live life in accord with the laws of nature, thereby preventing illness and unhappiness in life. These guidelines are simple tools to maintain balance in life. Lifestyle, diet, knowledge of herbs, and behavior are mapped out for each individual according their unique body-mind type. Modern day society has primarily been focused on addressing disease when the symptoms have already manifested. Allopathic medicine prescribes medicines that target the symptom and often have harmful side effects that cause additional health problems. Ayurveda’s approaches focuses on the root cause of the health problem and solves it through effective natural procedures. Through rejuvenation and detoxification therapies, herbal medicines, diet, and lifestyle changes chronic conditions such as Diabetes, Arthritis, Irritable Bowl, High Blood Pressure, Constipation, Chronic Fatigue, Insomnia, Depression and Anxiety can be effectively addressed. Ayurveda and Clinical Research Ashwini Mathur aptly states that "reported lack of efficacy of Ayurvedic treatments in clinical trials is often not due to inefficacy of the treatments itself, but arises from inadequacies of trial design. Ayurvedic interventions should exclusively use its multi-component, individualised and inherently holistic approach and that general guideline for rigorously reporting such clinical trials should be developed" There are several methodologies to conduct good clinical trials. - The CONSORT (CONsolidated Standards of Reporting) has released guidelines on reporting of trials using herbal products. - The SPIRIT initiative defines Standard Protocol Items for Randomised trials. - In epidemiology, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement similarly aims to strengthen reporting of observational studies, while the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group has prepared checklists for meta-analysis of observational studies. - Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non- randomised Designs (TREND) statements concern methods of research design to eliminate biases in non-randomised studies. Ayurveda would certainly benefit from similar guidelines. Ayurveda needs to take a giant leap forward to position itself alongside the modern medicine to be truly integrative. The benefits of Ayurveda is only being realised at the minuscule level worldwide. Proper presentation of Ayurveda to the world is the need of the hour. IVAC is constantly striving to improve the standards of care and delivery of Ayurveda to the humanity at large through research and development. IVAC's Initiatives so far: - Developed a world-class therapists training program. Our therapies have a consistent rating of 98% "EXCELLENT", several years in a row.Developed designs for equipment: Massage tables, Steam units. Designs for Interiors, Panchakarma units and Vaastu based constructions. - Obtained ISO 9001-2008 Certification. - Our latest initiative is "GO GREEN". This would create an organisation, which would live up to the true Vedic heritage, non-polluting, nature-friendly, nurturing the nature and being nurtured. - Thousands of studies have been done showing the clinical efficacy of Ayurveda. The Rishis did not have laboratories to do such experiments, but through their profound intuition and level of sensitivity, they understood plants and diseases at it are fundamental level. Thus modern science is just validating what the sages of yore had already proven through their deep knowing of reality. Ayurveda And Immunity Immunity and the Mind Body Ayurveda has understood the deep interconnection between the mind and body for thousands of years. Whatever is happening in the physiology affects the mental and emotional state. Whatever is being experienced in the mental and emotional state affects the body. For example, if one has missed a night of sleep and the physiology experiences fatigue, the corresponding mental state is experienced as lack of mental acuteness. If an individual experiences fear, the physiology automatically reflects this in an increase in cortisone and rapid heartbeat. Ayurveda views the body and mind as a single connected unit. Modern scientific research has confirmed this connection and calls it Psychoneuroimmunity. Dr. Candace Pert, of the National Institute of Health discovered that the immune system and emotions are interdependent. Prolonged periods of anxiety and depression can weaken and suppress the immune system. This is why Ayurveda emphasis the importance of having a balanced lifestyle. Staying rested, fresh, energetic and enthusiastic are requirements to keep the immune system strong and averting illness. If you are seeking to increase your immunity, Ayurveda has several approaches. The first approach is to understand your outlook on life. If there is a pessimistic perspective, then this is something that should be adjusted. Reading of Vedic literature or other philosophies may be recommended to study in order to broaden one’s outlook. One may even be recommended a trip or pilgrimage to gain a different viewpoint on life. If there are emotional issues that have been suppressed, then counseling along with Ayurvedic therapies would be recommended. If one has weak immunity due to an intake of antibiotics, then natural probiotics, herbs, and special diet will be recommended. Or, if one is under a lot of stress, then meditation and yoga would be advised as part of the daily routine. Ayurveda gives modern medicine tools to integrate the mind and body through a multitude approach thereby offering the promise of a long healthy life, free from disease. The principles are basic yet extremely effective Ayurveda is based on the principle that the body is made up of 5 elements space, air, water, fire and earth. When all these elements work in congruence they make a healthy person. While all of us have all the five elements, they are in different proportions in our body making a person one of these three vata, kapha or pitta. An imbalance in any of these elements makes a person ill and a realignment of these humours can cure a disease. According to Dr Ramesh, CMD of Aryavaidyasala, Kotakkal, 'Although all these five elements flow through the body at all times, each individual has certain elements which are more dominant than the others. For instance, a person having a vata constitution has more of air and space; pitta has more of fire and water, and kapha, water and earth. At the time of conception, each person's predominant constitution (prakriti) is created by the way in which the three doshas combine through the union of parents. Besides genetic, the prakriti is also affected by emotions, diet, lifestyle, and even environmental factors like climate and time of the day. Once a person recognises his prominent dosha, a lot can be done to take care of the diseases that one is most prone to.' The three doshas make you who you are Before you scoff at the idea, here is what Ayurvedic practitioners believe. A person who is of a particular dosha has unique characteristics. Due to the dominance of one of the doshas it affects a person's temperament, the diseases that can affect him and even governs how he react to stress. Apart from that it also dictates the type of body structure he has and the foods he is likely to love. We The three doshas tell the practitioner what ailments you are most likely to suffer from: |Dosha type||Physical characteristics||Psychological characteristics||Common ailments| |Kapha||Gains weight easily. Loses weight with difficulty Short and stocky or tall and sturdy Hair, neck are all 'thick' Abundant strength and stamina Weak digestion. Feels heavy after eating Regular bowel movements Oily skin. Smooth and pale Sleeps easily and soundly Catches cold easily Prefers hot weather||Large-hearted Calm nature Prefers slow, relaxed lifestyle Not a very quick learner but excellent long term memory Sentimental. Often thinks of past Methodical Protective of self and family Lets negative emotions build up rather than addressing them Lets others take the lead Natural listener who many people confide in.||Congestion, Usually overweight, Have fluid retention problems, Experience swelling, Commonly have head colds (congestion in the head), Suffer from lung problems, Are lethargic, May experience depression and sadness| |Pitta||Medium build. Gains and puts on weight easily. Average height Pointed features Energy levels high Strong appetite Regular bowel movements. Occasional bouts of diarrhoea Oily skin. Reddish tone Easy perspiration Prefers cool weather. May become irritable in hot weather Penetrating eyes||Goal-oriented Good sense of humour Strong intellect. Likes learning new things. Natural ability to lead Critical of self and others Perfectionist Tends to become angry and irritable Becomes irritable if meal skipped Stubborn Enjoys competition||They commonly experience inflammation of joints, tissues and organs. Excess heat can cause problems in the liver, blood, gall bladder and intestine. As heat rises they may experience migraines, neck and spinal stiffness, fevers and headaches.| |Vata||Slender and does not put on weight easily Height is taller or shorter than average Hair, neck are all 'thin' Energy fluctuates and comes in bursts Appetite is variable There is a tendency to become constipated Skin frequently becomes dry Cold hands and feet Light sleeper and may even have difficulty falling asleep Prefers warm, moist weather to cold weather||Creative and imaginative Artistic Active and restless Quick learner but forgets quickly Becomes 'spaced out' quite easily Tendency to feel anxious, nervous and insecure Speaks quickly and uses hand gestures Always on the go Irregular routine Often has colourful dreams||They commonly experience stiffness, especially in joints, low back and spinal pain, sciatica. Constipation Nervousness|

Does your family like to eat salmon? In our household, my son and I both love.LOVE.LOVE salmon, but my husband and daughter are pretty lukewarm about it. I've had to get a bit creative to find a salmon recipe that everyone in my family will enjoy. This Teriyaki Salmon recipe is keeper, because even my husband and daughter look forward to it! This recipe starts with a simple 4-ingredient teriyaki marinade. The salmon is chopped into chunks, to allow more marinade to soak in and flavor the salmon all over. After a few hours of marinating, the salmon is blackened in a skillet on the stovetop with just a few minutes of cook-time. This Teriyaki Salmon recipe is soy-free, grain-free, sugar-free, and perfect for AutoImmune Paleo and GAPS Diets, too! Don't have coconut aminos on-hand? You could totally substitute naturally-fermented soy sauce instead (and then just make sure to omit the salt). Prep Time: 10 minutes Inactive Time: 6-8 hours Cook Time: 10 minutes Marinate the salmon for 6-8 hours: Combine the marinade ingredients in a small bowl. Stir well with a fork, until the honey is dissolved. Chop the salmon into ~2-inch chunks. If you're using frozen salmon, it's okay if the salmon isn't totally thawed (and it is actually easier to chop when it is still partially frozen). Put the salmon in a medium glass bowl. Pour the marinade over the salmon and fold it all together. Then press the salmon down to nestle it down into the marinade. Cover the bowl and place in the refrigerator for 6-8 hours. Cook the salmon: Drain the marinade from the salmon. (You can either discard the marinade, or perhaps use a little to flavor any side dishes you're cooking.) Heat a heavy-bottomed skillet over medium-high heat. Once the skillet is hot, add 2 Tb refined coconut oil. Carefully add the salmon to the skillet. Beware: it's likely to splatter a bit when the moist salmon contacts the hot oil. Sear the salmon for about 3-4 minutes. Don't mess with the salmon, but just let it cook so it can develop a nice crust. Otherwise, you'll lose a lot of that yummy flavor because it will stick to the pan. Flip over the salmon to cook the other side for ~3 minutes. Any extra thin pieces can be removed from the skillet sooner. Serve and enjoy! Links to Amazon are affiliate links. If you use these links, your price remains the same but I may earn a small commission. Thanks for supporting this site!

Ditch the Toxic Baby Products and Go Natural! Most of the baby care lines out there, even the self-proclaimed natural ones, are not as natural as they claim. A quick glance at the extensive ingredient lists can reveal a whole range of chemicals and mysterious ingredients, which though not necessarily toxic per se, are definitely not natural. Babies have the most delicate of skin, and since their organs are always growing, what we put on (and, of course, IN) our babies can literally impact the building blocks of their little beings. Though they’re obviously not the sole cause, chemicals in baby care products have been linked to asthma, hormonal imbalance (including premature puberty), skin issues like eczema, and even cancer. So even if you’re not totally on board with the green beauty industry, making sure the products you use on your baby are all-natural should be a really high priority! I’ve tested several natural baby-care lines, and the ones below have come out on top. All of these best natural baby care products are formulated without toxic chemicals, including: Phthalates (carcinogenic, asthma) Synthetic Fragrance (linked to asthma, allergies, endocrine and hormone disruption) Propylene Glycol [PEG] (allergies and asthma) Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (skin irritation, hormonal disruption) Mineral Oil and other petroleum-derived ingredients (possible carcinogen, hormonal disruption) Parabens (neurotoxin, endocrine disruption) Triclosan (carcinogenic, endocrine disruption) Lanolin (contaminated with pesticides) Some of the product lines below are 100% all-natural, which I tend to favor, and others contain a few synthetic or chemical ingredients that are considered safe for babies and still receive the best ratings on EWG. There are definitely other brands out there, and new natural baby care products are coming out all the time, so this list is by no means exhaustive. If you’re going to try another product line, just make sure the products are free of the chemicals above, the ingredient lists are rather short, and that you recognize every ingredient listed (a great rule of thumb when selecting any product to put on or in your body!). The Best Natural Baby Care Products BEST ALL AROUND: EARTH MAMA ANGEL BABY This has been the baby product line that we’ve come back to again and again for a number of reasons. It’s all-natural, mostly organic, ALL of the ingredients are recognizable, it’s great for newborns, kids, and adults, and the original line smells amazing. I will forever associate the sweet orange and vanilla scent with my cuddly little baby. Most of the products feature organic calendula, which is wonderful for healing and protecting skin, and and hydrating organic shea butter and jojoba oils. And I love that the line was formulated by a nurse and herbalist! The Bottom Balm is a heavenly blend of organic oils and plant extracts, and is miraculous at preventing diaper rash (the only times little M has gotten it was when we didn’t apply the balm all day!). It’s also a great multi-purpose balm for dry skin, rashes and bug bites! The Baby Oil is super simple and effective, with just three ingredients (grape seed oil, jojoba oil, and calendula), so I feel really good about slathering my baby with it after baths. Since it’s unscented, I like to add some nourishing essential oils to make it even more soothing (Gentle Baby or Lavender are my faves). I like to use oil after baths since it’s the most penetrating and hydrating on moist, freshly washed skin, and then I use the Baby Lotion during the day. The gentle Baby Body Wash & Shampoo is a castile based soap, which gets baby super clean with absolutely no residue and without overdrying. I love the foam, which is so easy to apply without getting into her eyes, and gets her hair cleaner and silkier than any other shampoo. My only complaint is that it’s not quite moisturizing enough for super dry or eczema-prone skin. The few times M has gotten a bit dry or rashy, I’ve switched to a more hydrating baby wash until her skin re-balances. You can get a sample size pack of all their products (foaming shampoo/body wash, baby lotion, baby oil, and bottom balm) for less than $20 to try them all out, and then I recommend grabbing the biggest sizes of the Shampoo & Body Wash and Baby Lotion, which will last you FOREVER. We bought ours in September, and I don’t think we’ve even put a dent in either yet. BEST FOR DRY, SENSITIVE SKIN: BABO BOTANICALS For dry baby skin, nothing beats Babo Botanicals. The Moisturizing Baby Shampoo and Wash is my go-to whenever M’s skin or scalp gets dry, or when she’s rashy. Formulated with oat milk, calendula, watercress, kudzu and chamomile, it’s amazing for hydrating and soothing sensitive, dry skin and scalp. The wash is very emollient, and therefore doesn’t rinse squeaky clean like castile-based products. This means more rinsing, but ultimately way more hydrated skin! The Miracle Moisturizing Cream is loaded with healing ingredients like colloidal oatmeal, calendula, coconut oil, cocoa butter, and chamomile, and comes in the loveliest rich, emollient consistency. M gets dry patches around her mouth and nose, and this is what I whip out when she needs serious hydration. I also love the 3-in-1 Moisturizing Sensitive Baby Wipes, which are perfect for cleaning and hydrating baby’s face and body while traveling or out and about! I use it for myself as well post-workout, or as a makeup remover ; ) In fact, I can see a lot of the Babo Botanicals products entering into our rotation for the whole family! We both love to use the Swim and Sport Shampoo and Wash after our weekly swim class or trips to the beach. The formulation is similar to the Moisturizing Wash, but features cucumber and aloe to soothe skin and purify hair, and a corn-based chelator that neutralizes chlorine, which is so important for babies and little kids! We use it right after getting out of the pool, so I can feel confidant that little M isn’t exposed to chlorine a minute longer than necessary, and it really does completely remove all residue! When we use any other wash after the pool, I find that she still smells like chlorine throughout the day, but with the Swim and Sport Wash, she just smells like heavenly cucumber ; ) And though we haven’t needed it yet, I imagine someday we’ll be grateful to have a natural lice solution like Babo’s Essential Lice Prevention Set! BEST FOR ECZEMA SKIN: CALIFORNIA BABY When little M was just a few months old, she developed eczema on her face. It was the saddest thing to see our beautiful little girl all red and blotchy, with dry itchy skin. I eliminated gluten and dairy from my diet for the first several months of breastfeeding, which helped a bit, but she would still get the occasional flare-up. Now that she’s eating foods, we know that strawberries and tomatoes are her biggest triggers, but when when the occasional mysterious eczema flare-up occurs, there’s nothing I trust more than California Baby. Their Eczema Shampoo and Bodywash is gluten-free, and features a high potency colloidal oatmeal, calendula and aloe in a clean, sustainable formula with many organic ingredients. It protects and restores skin’s natural barriers, and actually leaves skin more hydrated than before bathing, which is pretty rare for a soap. When combined with the California Baby Eczema Cream, those dry red patches disappear into thin air, often by the next morning! This means I never have to use steroid creams or any of those gross mineral oil formulas on my baby’s sensitive skin, which makes me a happy mama. California Baby has a gazillion different formulations for babies and kids, with blends for cranky, sick, sleepy, sensitive or frazzled littles. They even have aromatherapy spritzers! I’m really excited to explore the rest of their products and see what other whimsical things they come up with! BEST DIAPER RASH CREAM: JK NATURALS I have a whole system that we use on the infrequent occasion that diaper rash appears (more on that here), but I’ve recently fallen in love with the Diaper Cream from JK Naturals. It’s WAAAAY cleaner that all the other creams out there, with just a handful of all-natural and mostly organic ingredients, and it works better than all my previous favorite brands. When I see even a bit of redness coming on, I use the Earth Mama Bottom Balm, and follow up with just a touch of this diaper cream, and boom! Like magic, any trace of irritation is gone by morning. We haven’t had a full fledged case of diaper rash since we started using this miraculous cream. They also make lovely Organic Baby Soap that is the purest, cleanest soap for baby’s skin that I’ve ever found. Since it has a natural oil base, I wouldn’t recommend using it on hair. As with all home and beauty products, the absolute cleanest option is going DIY. If you are a diehard organic beauty, some organic coconut oil and essential oils go a long way! Natasha Uspensky is a mama, holistic nutritionist, wellness expert, and founder of The Organic Beauty Blog. She believes in a holistic approach to wellness; that true health and happiness come from achieving a sense of balance in all areas of life — from food, movement and environment, to relationships, community and career. Through her private practice, writing, and online programs, she works with women all over the world to heal their health, and start living the lives they crave, in a body they love. She is the founder of NU Health & Wellness, and has been featured in Marie Claire, Redbook, Livestrong, All-Parenting, Giada Weekly, and Mind Body Green. Check out her Gorgeous Mama programs, designed especially for moms in any stage of their motherhood journey, to create a strong, healthy body, and a joyful, balanced lifestyle!

Single orange-red corolla with sepals of cream. Blooms in early summer to early August. The fuchsia has oval, green leaves and produce fruits that are edible but not appetizing. Mulch heavily where winters are cold. Prune back dead or broken branches in spring, especially on plants that were left outside in areas with mild winters. Cooler summer temperatures make Fuchsias a favorite for the Pacific Northwest.Important Info : Does not tolerant drought, high humidity, and high summer heat. Google Plant Images: click here! Size: Height: 2.5 ft. to 6 ft. Width: 1.67 ft. to 3 ft. Plant Category: edibles, landscape, perennials, shrubs, Plant Characteristics: decorative berries or fruit, seed start, weeping, Foliage Characteristics: small leaves, deciduous, Flower Characteristics: pendent, showy, single, Flower Color: creams, oranges, reds, Bloomtime Range: Early Summer to Late Summer USDA Hardiness Zone: 9 to 11 AHS Heat Zone: Not defined for this plant Light Range: Part Shade to Full Sun pH Range: 5 to 7 Soil Range: Sandy Loam to Loam Water Range: Normal to Moist FertilizingHow-to : Fertilization for Established Plants Established plants can benefit from fertilization. Take a visual inventory of your landscape. Trees need to be fertilized every few years. Shrubs and other plants in the landscape can be fertilized yearly. A soil test can determine existing nutrient levels in the soil. If one or more nutrients is low, a specific instead of an all-purpose fertilizer may be required. Fertilizers that are high in N, nitrogen, will promote green leafy growth. Excess nitrogen in the soil can cause excessive vegetative growth on plants at the expense of flower bud development. It is best to avoid fertilizing late in the growing season. Applications made at that time can force lush, vegetative growth that will not have a chance to harden off before the onset of cold weather. How-to : Fertilization for Annuals and Perennials Annuals and perennials may be fertilized using: 1.water-soluble, quick release fertilizers; 2. temperature controlled slow-release fertilizers; or 3. organic fertilizers such as fish emulsion. Water soluble fertilizers are generally used every two weeks during the growing season or per label instructions. Controlled, slow-release fertilizers are worked into the soil ususally only once during the growing season or per label directions. For organic fertilizers such as fish emulsion, follow label directions as they may vary per product. LightConditions : Partial Shade Partial Shade is defined as filtered light found beneath trees with high limbs. Partial shade usually offers some protection from direct afternoon sun. Conditions : Types of Pruning Types of pruning include: pinching, thinning, shearing and rejuvenating. Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching. Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on. Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the trunk. This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease. The best way to begin thinning is to begin by removing dead or diseased wood. Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shears. This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary. Rejuvenating is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size. It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time. Remember to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside. When rejuvenating plants with canes, such as nandina, cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look. Conditions : Full Sun Full Sun is defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous, direct sun per day. WateringConditions : Moist and Well Drained Moist and well drained means exactly what it sounds like. Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the soil allows excess moisture to drain away. Most plants like about 1 inch of water per week. Amending your soil with compost will help improve texture and water holding or draining capacity. A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to maintain soil moisture and studies have shown that mulched plants grow faster than non-mulched plants. Conditions : Outdoor Watering Plants are almost completely made up of water so it is important to supply them with adequate water to maintain good plant health. Not enough water and roots will wither and the plant will wilt and die. Too much water applied too frequently deprives roots of oxygen leading to plant diseases such as root and stem rots. The type of plant, plant age, light level, soil type and container size all will impact when a plant needs to be watered. Follow these tips to ensure successful watering: * The key to watering is water deeply and less frequently. When watering, water well, i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root ball. With in-ground plants, this means thoroughly soaking the soil until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches (1' being better). With container grown plants, apply enough water to allow water to flow through the drainage holes. * Try to water plants early in the day or later in the afternoon to conserve water and cut down on plant stress. Do water early enough so that water has had a chance to dry from plant leaves prior to night fall. This is paramount if you have had fungus problems. * Don't wait to water until plants wilt. Although some plants will recover from this, all plants will die if they wilt too much (when they reach the permanent wilting point). * Consider water conservation methods such as drip irrigation, mulching, and xeriscaping. Drip systems which slowly drip moisture directly on the root system can be purchased at your local home and garden center. Mulches can significantly cool the root zone and conserve moisture. * Consider adding water-saving gels to the root zone which will hold a reserve of water for the plant. These can make a world of difference especially under stressful conditions. Be certain to follow label directions for their use. Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor Plants Normal watering means that soil should be kept evenly moist and watered regularly, as conditions require. Most plants like 1 inch of water a week during the growing season, but take care not to over water. The first two years after a plant is installed, regular watering is important for establishment. The first year is critical. It is better to water once a week and water deeply, than to water frequently for a few minutes. PlantingHow-to : Planting Vines & Climbers Choose the planting site for your climber carefully: its long flexible stems may need some shelter, but planting right next to a wall might keep it from the sun or water it needs. Make sure that there's room for the climber to grow when it gets tall, and remember that it will grow towards the sun unless carefully trained. Be sure you will be able to manage the plant once it becomes tall, or that if it has a mind of its own, it won't become a problem. Select a support structure before you plant your climber. Common support structures are trellises, wires, strings, or existing structures. Some plants, like ivy, climb by aerial roots and need no support. Aerial rooted climbers are fine for concrete and masonary, but should never be allowed to climb on wood. Clematis climbs by leaf stalks and the Passion flower by coiling tendrils. Akebia and Wisteria climb by twining stems in a spiral fashion around its support. Do not use permanent ties; the plant will quickly outgrow them. Use soft, flexible ties (twist-ties work well), or even strips of pantyhose, and check them every few months. Make sure that your support structure is strong, rust-proof, and will last the life of the plant. Anchor your support structure before you plant your climber. Dig a hole large enough for the root ball. Plant the climber at the same level it was in the container. Plant a little deeper for clematis or for grafted plants. Fill the hole with soil, firming as you, and water well. As soon as the stems are long enough to reach their support structure, gently and loosely tie them as necessary. If planting in a container, follow the same guidelines. Plan ahead by adding a trellis to the pot, especially if the container will not be positioned where a support for the vine is not readily available. It is possible for vines and climbers to ramble on the ground or cascade over walls too. Clematis and Roses actually work quite well this way. How-to : Preparing Garden Beds Use a soil testing kit to determine the acidity or alkalinity of the soil before beginning any garden bed preparation. This will help you determine which plants are best suited for your site. Check soil drainage and correct drainage where standing water remains. Clear weeds and debris from planting areas and continue to remove weeds as soon as they come up. A week to 10 days before planting, add 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve fertility and increase water retention and drainage. If soil composition is weak, a layer of topsoil should be considered as well. No matter if your soil is sand or clay, it can be improved by adding the same thing: organic matter. The more, the better; work deep into the soil. Prepare beds to an 18 inch deep for perennials. This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now, but will greatly pay off later. Besides, this is not something that is easily done later, once plants have been established. How-to : Pruning Flowering Shrubs It is necessary to prune your deciduous flowering shrub for two reasons: 1. By removing old, damaged or dead wood, you increase air flow, yielding in less disease. 2. You rejuvenate new growth which increases flower production. Pruning deciduous shrubs can be divided into 4 groups: Those that require minimal pruning (take out only dead, diseased, damaged, or crossed branches, can be done in early spring.); spring pruning (encourages vigorous, new growth which produces summer flowers - in other words, flowers appear on new wood); summer pruning after flower (after flowering, cut back shoots, and take out some of the old growth, down to the ground); suckering habit pruning (flowers appear on wood from previous year. Cut back flowered stems by 1/2, to strong growing new shoots and remove 1/2 of the flowered stems a couple of inches from the ground) Always remove dead, damaged or diseased wood first, no matter what type of pruning you are doing. Examples: Minimal: Amelanchier, Aronia, Chimonanthus, Clethra, Cornus alternifolia, Daphne, Fothergilla, Hamamelis, Poncirus, Viburnum. Spring: Abelia, Buddleia, Datura, Fuchsia, Hibiscus, Hypericum, Perovskia, Spirea douglasii/japonica, Tamarix. Summer after flower: Buddleia alternifolia, Calycanthus, Chaenomeles, Corylus, Cotoneaster, Deutzia, Forsythia, Magnolia x soulangeana/stellata, Philadelphus, Rhododendron sp., Ribes, Spirea x arguta/prunifolia/thunbergii, Syringa, Weigela. Suckering: Kerria How-to : Pinching and Thinning Perennials Once you plant a perennial, it does not mean that you will enjoy years of maintenance-free gardening. Perennials need to be cared for just like any other plant. One thing that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be active growers that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose vigor. As perennials establish, it is important to prune them back and thin them out occasionally. This will prevent them from completely taking over an area to the exclusion of other plants, and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew. Many species also flower abundantly and produce ample seed. As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant; that is, to remove spent flowers before they form seed. This will prevent your plants from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the plant to produce seed. As perennials mature, they may form a dense root mass that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant. It is advisable to occasionally thin out a stand of such perennials. By dividing the root system, you can make new plants to plant in another area of the garden or give away. Also root pruning will stimulate new growth and rejuvenate the plant. Most perennials may be successfully divided in either spring or fall. Do a little homework; some perennials do have a preference. How-to : Planting Shrubs Dig a hole twice the size of the root ball and deep enough to plant at the same level the shrub was in the container. If soil is poor, dig hole even wider and fill with a mixture half original soil and half compost or soil amendment. Carefully remove shrub from container and gently separate roots. Position in center of hole, best side facing forward. Fill in with original soil or an amended mixture if needed as described above. For larger shrubs, build a water well. Finish by mulching and watering well. If the plant is balled-and-burlapped, remove fasteners and fold back the top of natural burlap, tucking it down into hole, after you've positioned shrub. Make sure that all burlap is buried so that it won't wick water away from rootball during hot, dry periods. If synthetic burlap, remove if possible. If not possible, cut away or make slits to allow for roots to develop into the new soil. For larger shrubs, build a water well. Finish by mulching and watering well. If shrub is bare-root, look for a discoloration somewhere near the base; this mark is likely where the soil line was. If soil is too sandy or too clayey, add organic matter. This will help with both drainage and water holding capacity. Fill soil, firming just enough to support shrub. Finish by mulching and watering well. How-to : Preparing Containers Containers are excellent when used as an ornamental feature, a planting option when there is little or no soil to plant in, or for plants that require a soil type not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior. If growing more than one plant in a container, make sure that all have similar cultural requirements. Choose a container that is deep and large enough to allow root development and growth as well as proportional balance between the fully developed plant and the container. Plant large containers in the place you intend them to stay. All containers should have drainage holes. A mesh screen, broken clay pot pieces(crock) or a paper coffee filter placed over the hole will keep soil from washing out. The potting soil you select should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have chosen. Quality soils (or soil-less medias) absorb moisture readily and evenly when wet. If water runs off soil upon initial wetting, this is an indicator that your soil may not be as good as you think. Prior to filling a container with soil, wet potting soil in the bag or place in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist. Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will allow plants, when planted, to be just below the rim of the pot. Rootballs should be level with soil line when project is complete. Water well. How-to : Planting Perennials Determine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sun and shade through the day, exposure, water requirements, climate, soil makeup, seasonal color desired, and position of other garden plants and trees. The best times to plant are spring and fall, when soil is workable and out of danger of frost. Fall plantings have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring. Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for colder areas, allowing full establishment before first winter. Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plants, unless planting a more established sized plant. To plant container-grown plants: Prepare planting holes with appropriate depth and space between. Water the plant thoroughly and let the excess water drain before carefully removing from the container. Carefully loosen the root ball and place the plant in the hole, working soil around the roots as you fill. If the plant is extremely root bound, separate roots with fingers. A few slits made with a pocket knife are okay, but should be kept to a minimum. Continue filling in soil and water thoroughly, protecting from direct sun until stable. To plant bare-root plants: Plant as soon as possible after purchase. Prepare suitable planting holes, spread roots and work soil among roots as you fill in. Water well and protect from direct sun until stable. To plant seedlings: A number of perennials produce self-sown seedlings that can be transplanted. You may also start your own seedling bed for transplanting. Prepare suitable planting holes, spacing appropriately for plant development. Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel, and replant it immediately, firming soil with fingertips and water well. Shade from direct sun and water regularly until stable. ProblemsDiseases : Verticillium or Fusarium Wilt Wilts may be contracted through infected seed, plant debris, or soil. This fungus begins and multiplies during the cool, moist season, becoming obvious when weather turns warm and dry. Plants wilt because the fungus damages their water conducting mechanisms. Overfertilization can worsen this problem. Able to overwinter in soil for many years, it is also carried and harbored in common weeds. Prevention and Control: If possible, select resistant varieties. Keep nitrogen-heavy fertilizers to a minimum as well as over-irrigating as they encourage lush growth. Practice crop rotation and prune out or better yet remove infected plants. Pest : Thrips Thrips are small, winged insects that attack many types of plants and thrive in hot, dry conditions (like heated houses). They can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 300 eggs in a life span of 45 days without mating. Most of the damage to plants is caused by the young larvae which feed on tender leaf and flower tissue. This leads to distorted growth, injured flower petals and premature flower drop. Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant viruses. Prevention and Control: keep weeds down and use screening on windows to keep them out. Remove or discard infested plants, keep them away from non-infested plants. Trap with yellow sticky cards or take advantage of natural enemies such as predatory mites. Sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant. Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension office for legal chemical recommendations. Pest : Spider Mites Spider mites are small, 8 legged, spider-like creatures which thrive in hot, dry conditions (like heated houses). Spider mites feed with piercing mouth parts, which cause plants to appear yellow and stippled. Leaf drop and plant death can occur with heavy infestations. Spider mites can multiply quickly, as a female can lay up to 200 eggs in a life span of 30 days. They also produce a web which can cover infested leaves and flowers. Prevention and Control: Keep weeds down and remove infested plants. Dry air seems to worsen the problem, so make sure plants are regularly watered, especially those preferring high humidity such as tropicals, citrus, or tomatoes. Always check new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or nursery. Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae. If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office, read and follow all label directions. Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where spider mites generally live. Pest : Mealybugs Small, wingless, dull-white, soft-bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering. They have piercing/sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue. Mealybugs often look like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch. They attack a wide range of plants. The young tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding spot, then they hang out in colonies and feed. Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop. They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew (coveted by ants) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold. Prevention and Control: Isolate infested plants from those that are not. Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide/chemical recommendation. Encourage natural enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy bugs. Pest : Whiteflies Whiteflies are small, winged insects that look like tiny moths, which attack many types of plants. The flying adult stage prefers the underside of leaves to feed and breed. Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months. If a plant is infested with whiteflies, you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed. Whiteflies can weaken a plant, eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked. They can transmit many harmful plant viruses. They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew (coveted by ants) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold. Possible controls: keep weeds down; use screening in windows to keep them out; remove infested plants away from non-infested plants; use a reflective mulch (aluminum foil) under plants (this repels whiteflies); trap with yellow sticky cards, apply labeled pesticides; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant. Pest : Aphids Aphids are small, soft-bodied, slow-moving insects that suck fluids from plants. Aphids come in many colors, ranging from green to brown to black, and they may have wings. They attack a wide range of plant species causing stunting, deformed leaves and buds. They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing/sucking mouthparts. Aphids, generally, are merely a nuisance, since it takes many of them to cause serious plant damage. However aphids do produce a sweet substance called honeydew (coveted by ants) which can lead to an unattractive black surface growth called sooty mold. Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a month without mating. Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & fall. They're often massed at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue. Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing. Prevention and Control: Keep weeds to an absolute minimum, especially around desirable plants. On edibles, wash off infected area of plant. Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden. There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids. Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee. Fungi : Rusts Most rusts are host specific and overwinter on leaves, stems and spent flower debris. Rust often appears as small, bright orange, yellow, or brown pustules on the underside of leaves. If touched, it will leave a colored spot of spores on the finger. Caused by fungi and spread by splashing water or rain, rust is worse when weather is moist. Prevention and Control: Plant resistant varieties and provide maximum air circulation. Clean up all debris, especially around plants that have had a problem. Do not water from overhead and water only during the day so that plants will have enough time to dry before night. Apply a fungicide labeled for rust on your plant. Fungi : Powdery Mildew Powdery Mildew is usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light. Problems are worse where nights are cool and days are warm and humid. The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit. Leaves will often turn yellow or brown, curl up, and drop off. New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted. Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early. Prevention and Control: Plant resistant varieties and space plants properly so they receive adequate light and air circulation. Always water from below, keeping water off the foliage. This is paramount for roses. Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer. Apply fungicides according to label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions exactly, not missing any required treatments. Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves, flowers, or debris in the fall and destroy. Pest : Caterpillars Caterpillars are the immature form of moths and butterflies. They are voracious feeders attacking a wide variety of plants. They can be highly destructive and are characterized as leaf feeders, stem borers, leaf rollers, cutworms and tent-formers. Prevention and Control: keep weeds down, scout individual plants and remove caterpillars, apply labeled insecticides such as soaps and oils, take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden and use Bacillus thuringiensis (biological warfare) for some caterpillar species. Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root Rot Rot Rot, Pythium or Phytophthora occurs when soil moisture levels are excessively high and fungal spores present in the soil, come in contact with the susceptible plant. The base of stems discolor and shrink, and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die. Leaves near base are affected first. The roots will turn black and rot or break. This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated water. Prevention and Control Remove affected plants and their roots, and discard surrounding soil. Replace with plants that are not susceptible, and only use fresh, sterilized soil mix. Hold back on fertilizing too. Try not to over water plants and make sure that soil is well drained prior to planting. This fungus is not treatable by chemicals. Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot, but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils. Pest : Scale Insects Scales are insects, related to mealy bugs, that can be a problem on a wide variety of plants - indoor and outdoor. Young scales crawl until they find a good feeding site. The adult females then lose their legs and remain on a spot protected by its hard shell layer. They appear as bumps, often on the lower sides of leaves. They have piercing mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue. Scales can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop. They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew (coveted by ants) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold. Prevention and Control: Once established they are hard to control. Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested. Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control. Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden. MiscellaneousGlossary : Arbors, Trellises, Pergolas Arbors, trellises, and pergolas provide vines and climbers the support needed for their growth habit. These can be used as features or accents in a garden to add height, to provide shade, or as a transitional element from one area of the garden to another. Common materials for these structures include wood, metal, and plastic. Select according to the style of your garden and the amount of upkeep required. Painted, wooden structures will be higher maintenance, whereas a rust-proof metal structure will require less maintenance and last longer. Glossary : Bird Attracting The term bird attracting applies to any plant that has flowers, fruit, nuts, or structure that attracts birds. Most plants on ""bird attracting"" lists have favorable fruits or flowers that serve as food, but the trunks, limbs and foliage cover that trees and shrubs provide should not be overlooked as they add shelter for raising young and protection from foul weather. Glossary : Border Plant A border plant is one which looks especially nice when used next to other plants in a border. Borders are different from hedges in that they are not clipped. Borders are loose and billowy, often dotted with deciduous flowering shrubs. For best effect, mass smaller plants in groups of 3, 5, 7, or 9. Larger plants may stand alone, or if room permits, group several layers of plants for a dramatic impact. Borders are nice because they define property lines and can screen out bad views and offer seasonal color. Many gardeners use the border to add year round color and interest to the garden. Glossary : Container Plant A plant that is considered to be a good container plant is one that does not have a tap root, but rather a more confined, fibrous root system. Plants that usually thrive in containers are slow- growing or relatively small in size. Plants are more adaptable than people give them credit for. Even large growing plants can be used in containers when they are very young, transplanted to the ground when older. Many woody ornamentals make wonderful container plants as well as annuals, perennials, vegetables, herbs, and bulbs. Glossary : Pacific Northwest Pacific Northwest refers to plants native to parts of or all of the northwestern region of the United States, including Northern California, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. Glossary : Sand Sand in the purest sense, has no organic matter, a large particle size between 1.0 - 2.0 mm, and drains rapidly, with no water holding capacity. White to light gray in color. Does not form a ball when squeezed in hand, unless damp or wet, easily falls apart. Glossary : Loam Loam is the ideal soil, having the perfect balance between particle size, air space, organic matter and water holding capacity. It forms a nice ball when squeezed in the palm of the hand, but crumbles easily when lightly tapped with a finger. Rich color ranges between gray brown to almost black. Glossary : Deciduous Deciduous refers to those plants that lose their leaves or needles at the end of the growing season. Glossary : Evergreen Evergreen refers to plants that hold onto their leaves or needles for more than one growing season, shedding them over time. Some plants such as live oaks are evergreen, but commonly shed the majority of their older leaves around the end of January. Glossary : Perennial Perennial: traditionally a non-woody plant that lives for two or more growing seasons. Glossary : Seed Start Seed Start: easily propagated from seed. Glossary : Shrub Shrub: is a deciduous or evergreen woody perennial that has multiple branches that form near its base. Glossary : Plant Characteristics Plant characteristics define the plant, enabling a search that finds specific types of plants such as bulbs, trees, shrubs, grass, perennials, etc. Glossary : Small Shrub A small shrub is less than 3 feet tall. Glossary : Medium Shrub A medium shrub is generally between 3 and 6 feet tall. Glossary : Flower Characteristics Flower characteristics can vary greatly and may help you decide on a ""look or feel"" for your garden. If you're looking for fragrance or large, showy flowers, click these boxes and possibilities that fit your cultural conditions will be shown. If you have no preference, leave boxes unchecked to return a greater number of possibilities. Glossary : Soil Types A soil type is defined by granule size, drainage, and amount of organic material in the soil. The three main soil types are sand, loam and clay. Sand has the largest particle size, no organic matter, little to no fertility, and drains rapidly. Clay, at the opposite end of the spectrum, has the smallest particle size, can be rich in organic matter, fertility and moisture, but is often unworkable because particles are held together too tightly, resulting in poor drainage when wet, or is brick-like when dry. The optimum soil type is loam, which is the happy median between sand and clay: It is high in organic matter, nutrient-rich, and has the perfect water holding capacity. You will often hear loam referred to as a sandy loam (having more sand, yet still plenty of organic matter) or a clay loam (heavier on the clay, yet workable with good drainage.) The addition of organic matter to either sand or clay will result in a loamy soil. Still not sure if your soil is a sand, clay, or loam? Try this simple test. Squeeze a handfull of slightly moist, not wet, soil in your hand. If it forms a tight ball and does not fall apart when gently tapped with a finger, your soil is more than likely clay. If soil does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped, it is sand to very sandy loam. If soil forms a ball, then crumbles readily when lightly tapped, it's a loam. Several quick, light taps could mean a clay loam. Glossary : Growth Buds Plant stems contain numerous buds that will grow and renew a plant when stimulated by pruning. There are three basic types of buds: terminal, lateral and dormant. Terminal buds are at the tips of twigs or branches. They grow to make the branch or twig longer. In some cases they may give rise to a flower. If you cut the tip of a branch and remove the terminal bud, this will encourage the lateral buds to grow into side branches resulting in a thicker, bushier plant. Lateral buds are lower down on the twig and are often at the point of leaf attachment. Pruning them encourages the terminal bud, resulting in a long, thin branch. Dormant buds may remain inactive in the bark or stem and will only grow after the plant is cut back. Glossary : Fertilize Fertilize just before new growth begins with a complete fertilizer. Glossary : Pruning Now is the preferred time to prune this plant.

At the foot of Mt. Makiling, the City of Santo Tomas in the Province of Batangas in the Philippines is renowned as the “Gateway to the South”, this is aside from the fact that it is also a thriving city in the region. Because of its strategic location, the City of Santo Tomas makes an important crossroads for commerce and industry, as well as being home to several corporate and industrial projects. This makes that among the best places to visit in the province is Santo Tomas, which is ranked as the best city in Batangas. As a result of its convenient position in Metro Manila as well as nearby Batangas and nearby Laguna and Quezon provinces, this place has everything you need. There are several places to eat, places to go to school, places of worship, medical facilities, and other necessities all throughout the city. And since Filipinos really love food and eating out with friends and family, we collected some of the Filipino restaurants that can be found in Santo Tomas Batangas and have proximity to Lumina Sto. Tomas. Join us on this tour and discover where to eat near Lumina Sto. Tomas! Rose & Grace Restaurant At Rose & Grace Restaurant, the turo-turo tradition lifestyle strip that the Filipino masses love is very much alive. On a glass stand, customers can observe the day’s specials, ensuring that each meal is prepared fresh every day and is never pre-made. With its original Bulalo or beef bone marrow stew, which is closely linked with Batangas, the restaurant draws a large number of customers. Aside from their local dishes, Batangas is also renowned for its seafood cuisines. Sinigang na Tanigue sa Miso is an alternative to Bulalo at this restaurant. The inherent tastes of the fish are enhanced by the use of fresh vegetables and a seasoning broth. Tawilis is another sort of seafood that is popular among the locals. There are Tawilis freshwater sardines that may be found in Taal Lake. It is 15.2 centimeters in length and is the only known Sardinella species to live in freshwater. Cooking the little fish in hot oil until it becomes golden brown is the finest method for preparing it while drizzling vinegar and siling Labuyo over the salty and crispy fish enhances its flavor (chili). Crispy Pata and Lechon Kawali are also available at the restaurant. Pig’s delicate meat and well-seasoned crackling skin is a popular dish among restaurant patrons. Cooking Crispy Pata results in moist pork meat that is easy to carve up. The fatty and savory aromas are balanced by a soy sauce dip with a touch of sweetness and a few pieces of garlic, onion, and chili. This makes their customers return time and time again because of their great comfort cuisine. Where to find it: 2506 Pan-Philippine Hwy, Santo Tomas, 4234 Batangas (Around 14 minutes travel time from Lumina Sto. Tomas) One of Dr. Gerry Malvar’s projects, Allegra’s Kitchen, is a quick food restaurant in the style of Western restaurants. It’s a solid indicator that the restaurant’s tastes have won the customers when it has locations all throughout Laguna and Batangas provinces. Beef burgers, fire-grilled steaks, rice dishes, spaghetti, and other hearty fare are all on the menu at Allegra’s Kitchen. It’s a favorite among families because of the variety of set menus and a-la-carte selections. The tastiest burgers in town are served at the eatery, which is popular with locals. Fries known as Skin-on Fries are served with each meal. Some of their popular burgers are Allegra’s Burger which is made with 100% pure beef. Among the ingredients of this burger specialty are pieces of crisp lettuce, diced tomato, and diced onion. You can have this for Php 125. Meanwhile, for cheese lovers, there’s no better burger than Allegra’s Cheese Burger in New York City which costs around Php 145. In addition to this, they also have tender beef patties and crispy bacon strips that top their Bacon Cheese Burger (Php 175), which also comes with melty Cheddar cheese on the side. Allegra’s Kitchen also has a Hawaiian-inspired burger for Php 195. This is consist of a beef patty topped with a piece of pineapple and all of the traditional fixings that include lettuce, cheddar cheese, red onions, and bacon. Also, their Breakfast Tapa (P195), Allegra’s Fried Chicken (P115 for a piece and P175 for two), and the sizzling orders with Java rice may be tried by those who aren’t lovers of burgers. Where to find it: The LifeStyle Strip, Maharlika Highway (Around 14 minutes travel time from Lumina Sto. Tomas) You don’t have to fork out a lot on a trip to Spain. Among the many restaurants in Sto. Tomas is one that serves up authentic Spanish cuisine. Paella, Croquetta, and a wide selection of preserved meats are all on the menu at Restaurante Galeon. There is nothing better than finishing off your meal with some refreshing sangria for Php 365. It’s great to offer wine with cured meats. The Croquetta is a delicious option for those who want something different for Php 295. Essentially, it’s the Spanish equivalent of mashed potato rolls, but deep-fried for a crispy coating. They serve potato balls with chorizo, cheese, and caramelized onions at the restaurant. With addition to honey, the Croquetta pieces are drenched in tomato cream. Aside from this, it’s also possible to try the Creamy Gambas for Php 475, which is made with thyme, garlic butter, and a dash of paprika. The lemon and herb baguette complements the dish’s taste profile. Galeon’s Paella, however, is the real draw. In addition to Black Paella, Mushroom Paella, and Seafood Platter Paella, customers may choose from a variety of options. Instead of the customary orange rice, try the Black Paella or Negra Paella. With the addition of squid ink and lemon zest, the meal takes on a vibrant hue and taste. It’s topped with arugula and salmon. A mushroom stock is used to make the Mushroom Paella. This dish’s flavor is enhanced with the addition of parmesan cheese, wild mushrooms, and truffle oil. It’s not all about the rice medley at Restaurante Galeon. If you’re looking for seafood, you’ll find it here. Homemade bagoong with chorizo, scrambled egg and mango and chicharon bits are included in the Bagoong Pasta (P230). Marinera, Vongole (and squid ink) are some of the seafood pastas that are available. The Marinara employs red wine tomato sauce, whilst Vongole uses clam stock in its sauce. Where to find it: R.S. Diaz, 1st Street, San Tomas Suites, FPIP (Around 22 minutes travel time from Lumina Sto. Tomas) About Lumina Sto. Tomas Still want to search for more dining and local flavors from Sto. Tomas Batangas? You can savor your exploration in the city if you have a space you can call your own around the area. Lumina Batangas (Sto. Tomas) which is located in Brgy. San Vicente, Sto. Tomas City, Batangas is readily accessible from Alabang through the STAR Tollway and SLEX in 45 minutes or less. Lumina Batangas, Lumina’s flagship project, is located between Sto. Tomas and Tanauan. In addition to a multi-purpose hall and tiny gardens and playground, a jogging route, and room for future commercial businesses, the 33-hectare Lumina Batangas has Mt. Makiling’s beautiful outlook. Make your home reservations now and enjoy a brand new house and lot that is just a few minutes away from the metro!

Quesadilla Salvadorena is one of the best dessert cake, unlike its namesake Mexican snack. The word queso in quesadilla traditionally stood for unsalted Salvadoran queso fresco which is farmers-type cheese, now substituted for Parmesan cheese. Quesadilla Salvadorena is moist, sweet and a treat to you. Found in bakeries, it can be made at home with much ease and rather quickly. I was still in high school when my mother served me for the first time. I was delighted at the very sight of it. It was more yummy and delicious than I had expected it to be. No wonder I was able to learn the recipe for Quesadilla Salvadorena very soon. In this article, I will be telling you how to make Quesadilla Salvadorena at home. This cheese pound cake won’t take much time to make. So, let’s check out the Quesadilla Salvadorena Recipe. Quesadilla Salvadorena Recipe Ingredients |White sugar||1 cup| |Melted butter||1/2 cup| |Parmesan cheese, finely grated||1 (4 ounce) package| |Sour cream||3/4 cup| |Baking powder||1 teaspoon| |Rice flour||1 cup| |Sesame seeds||1 tablespoon| How much time will it take? |Preparation time||Cooking time||Total time| |20 minutes||38 minutes||58 minutes| Quesadilla Salvaderona Recipe - Take a bowl for mixing egg whites in it until they get firm. - Now take a large bowl to mix butter and sugar for them to get creamy. - After this, the egg yolks are to be mixed as well followed by Parmesan cheese. - Put sour cream and baking powder and combine them until they get tender. - Rice flour should be sifted over this prepared batter. Use a spatula for folding it as well as the egg whites. - Take a baking dish. Scoop out batter into it. - Season the top with sesame seeds. - In the preheated oven( 350 degrees F), let it bake for about 38- 40 minutes. Ensure it has browned on top and doesn’t stick with a toothpick. Quesadilla Salvadorena Recipe Nutritional Information |Dietary fiber||0.4 g| |Saturated fats||8.7 g| |Vitamin A||427.3 IU| |Vitamin C||0.1 mg|

Dirt Floor Basement Vapor Barrier - If you live in the Tampa Bay region, you might not be accustomed to seeing many houses with basements; however, believe it or not, there are several homes across the region that do in fact have basements. Most houses in Florida are constructed without basement because of hurricane related difficulties. Building codes insist that home floors be constructed above storm surge elevation. When a basement is allowed to be constructed, it generally is constructed as a "non-livable" area, so, in other words, homeowners may possess the basement for extra storage minus bedrooms. Nonetheless, while basements provide more space for storage and cooler places to hang out on warm days, they also have their share of moisture related issues. When it comes to basement troubles, moisture is the most frequently encountered problem in the basement. The moisture most commonly enters from exterior sources though are also created indoors also. Frequently, most homeowners are unaware that the soil around the basement walls may contain a large amount of moisture. The reason for high moisture content in the soil may incorporate surface water that is seeping down into the soil or even out of a high water table. A high water table may be explained by heavy rains that cause the water to rise higher than the basement floor. Frequently, water may find its way within a basement by gravity or through a crack or defect in the water protection layer of the base. Water may also be dragged up with a " wicking action" or " pushed up" by hydrostatic pressure from the soil beneath the walls or flooring. At the summer, warm moist air from outside could enter the home and lead to condensation on the cool basement walls or flooring. In regions that may experience freezing temperatures, the following situation can happen if there's a fracture gift: the water will go through the fracture subsequently freeze and expand. With each cold season, the fracture will eventually get larger as a result of expansive properties of the suspended water.

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What could be more appropriate for Valentine’s Day than a sweet inspired by lovers. To be sure, not your typical lovers, but fanciful, fictional ones – the Owl and the Pussycat – in a nonsense poem by Edward Lear. Under the light of the moon, the dapper Owl and his sweetheart Pussycat sailed away in a pea-green boat, met a Pig with a ring through his nose and were married by a Turkey on the hill. The wedding feast that followed is described in the last verse: They dined on mince, and slices of quince, Which they ate with a runcible spoon; And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand, They danced by the light of the moon, They danced by the light of the moon I recently ran across a Medieval cake recipe which is made with slices of quince that reminded me of the “slices of quince” line in Lear’s poem. It also seemed a perfect use of my preserved Brandied Quince I made last autumn after harvesting the quinces from the tree in my garden. Medieval Quince Cake If you don’t have brandied quince available, simply peel and core two quinces and poach gently in a light syrup flavored with a cinnamon stick. The quinces should be soft, but not falling apart. I’ve simplified the original recipe and modified some of the techniques. It seems the perfect cake recipe to have on hand when you have excess egg whites. It produces a light moist cake – the moistness primarily due to the ground almonds – and is delightfully flavored with cinnamon. - 4 egg whites - 1/2 cup ground almonds - 1/2 cup flour - 1-1/4 cups powdered (or confectioner’s) sugar - 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon - 1 teaspoon vanilla - 1/4 teaspoon almond extract - 1/2 cup (1 “stick”) butter – 4 oz. - 2 poached (brandied) quinces - 2 Tablespoons slivered almonds (optional) Preheat oven to 400 degrees F. Prepare a 9 inch baking pan by lining the bottom with baking parchment, lightly buttering and flouring the pan. Put the egg whites in a mixer with the whisk attachment and beat until soft peaks form. Sift in the powdered sugar a little at a time, mixing until it is all incorporated. Fold in the flour, ground almonds and cinnamon and mix until you get a smooth batter. Add the extracts. Melt the butter and while still warm, add this in. a steady stream to the batter while whisking. Slice the quinces, each into 16 slices – a total of 32 thin slices of poached (brandied) quince. Pour the batter into the prepared pan. Lay the quince slices on top and sprinkle the almond slivers. Bake for 20 to 25 minutes until browned. Cool completely in the pan. Remove, dust with powdered sugar and serve. 1. It is not necessary to eat the cake with a runcible spoon – another fantastical creation by Lear. Many have tried to define this particular utensil – as part spoon, part fork (“spork”) or something like a grapefruit spoon with serrated edges. 2. Contrary to the theme of this post (slices of quince), this cake would be fabulous with apples or pears – slices lightly sautéd in butter before topping the batter.

How to Manage Pests Pests in Gardens and Landscapes Weeds occur in every lawn, but they seldom become problems in well-managed, vigorously growing turfgrass. Proper site preparation and turfgrass selection before planting are essential to give a new lawn a healthy start. Once a lawn is established, poor maintenance practices that weaken it—such as improper irrigation, fertilization, or mowing—are the primary factors likely to predispose it to weed invasion. Activities that lead to compaction also contribute significantly to turfgrass stress, making it easier for weeds to invade. An integrated weed management program can reduce most weed populations to tolerable levels and prevent large, unsightly weed patches. Total eradication of weeds is not a realistic or necessary goal for most lawns and park turfgrass; however, with proper maintenance a lawn can be practically free of weeds without the extensive use of chemicals. Refer to the UC Guide to Healthy Lawns (See REFERENCES) for detailed information about turfgrass management practices. WEED IDENTIFICATION Key to identifying weeds Identifying weeds and knowing their life cycles are essential to management. Three general categories of weeds may be found in lawns: broadleaves, grasses, and sedges. Take care to distinguish weedy grasses from similar-looking lawn grass species. The life cycle of weeds may be annual, biennial, or perennial. Annual weeds are commonly identified as either winter (cool-season) or summer (warm-season) annuals and survive only one season. If not controlled before they flower, they can produce seed that will sprout the following year or sometimes in the same growing season. In mild climates or in lawns that are influenced by microclimates, cool-season annuals may be found growing in summer (or year-round) and warm-season annuals may be found growing in winter (or year-round). Biennial weeds survive for two growing seasons, reproducing vegetatively or by seed; however, seed is not produced until the second year. Perennial weeds survive for many years, and though they produce seeds, many primarily reproduce vegetatively by creeping stems (stolons and rhizomes), tubers, or fleshy roots. Perennial weeds are the hardest to control once established. Weeds often invade turfgrass that is over- or under-watered, improperly fertilized, improperly mowed, or highly compacted. Lawns that have been weakened by plant diseases or insect pests are also likely to become weedy because there is more open space for a weed to establish. Most weed invasions can be prevented with proper lawn maintenance and good preventive practices or remedied with overseeding. The most troublesome weed species that invade turfgrass are often associated with specific conditions (see Table 1). Identifying the weed species present may give an indication of the underlying problem responsible for the invasion and suggest what can be done to reduce the weed infestation. For detailed information about the major weed species listed in Table 1, refer to the Pest Notes listed in REFERENCES. WEED MANAGEMENT BEFORE PLANTING Prepare Your Site A healthy lawn begins with a properly prepared site. Before planting, remove existing vegetation and prepare the area for planting. If you expect annual weeds to be a problem, irrigate the site to allow weeds to germinate. Follow up with a shallow cultivation or an application of a nonselective herbicide (defined below) such as glyphosate or clove oil, and repeat this process until the area is free of weeds. This is important when planting with seed or sod. Perennial weeds are harder to control than annuals. For perennials, dig out and remove as many as possible. Cultivate the soil to bring up buried propagules (stems, rhizomes, and tubers). It is best to do this when conditions are warm and dry so that the propagules will desiccate on the soil surface. Rake off and remove the propagules. If you have particularly troublesome weed problems, continue to work the soil without irrigating for several months to bring up new propagules. A few species such as field bindweed and purple nutsedge cannot be controlled in this manner. A nonselective, systemic herbicide such as glyphosate, applied when weeds are actively growing, can also be used to kill many difficult-to-control perennials, but repeat applications may be needed. Soil solarization can be very effective at controlling many weed species prior to planting and is ideal for gardeners who want to avoid herbicide use. Once the area is rototilled, amended, and prepared for planting, place clear polyethylene plastic 1 to 2 mils (0.025-0.050 mm) thick over the moist soil surface, and cover the edges with soil to hold them in place. For best results, soil solarization must be carried out during the time of highest solar radiation—from June to August in inland California—and the tarps must remain on the infested soil for 4 to 6 weeks. Solarization is less effective or ineffective in cooler coastal areas or in the shade. Many annual weeds can be controlled with this method; however, soil solarization is not as effective at controlling certain perennials such as field bindweed and nutsedge. Refer to Pest Notes: Soil Solarization for more information. Many soils need to be amended with organic matter or nutrients. Amendments can improve drainage in clay soils or improve the water-holding capacity in sandy soils. The ability of soils to drain water and simultaneously hold enough water is extremely important in establishing the turfgrass root system and maintaining healthy lawns. Lawns thrive in soils with good drainage that allow the unrestricted flow of oxygen, nutrients, and water. When adding topsoil, make sure it is from a reputable source and that it is free of rocks, weed propagules such as rhizomes or tubers, and herbicide residues. Select an Appropriate Turfgrass Species Turfgrass species vary in their tolerance to extreme temperatures, shade, drought, and amount of wear. They are divided into two broad categories: cool-season and warm-season grasses, which reflect their temperature preference and periods of active growth. Cool-season species such as tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass thrive at 60-80°F and may become stressed or go into a semi-dormant state in periods of extreme cold or hot temperatures. They do best in northern and coastal California climates, although there are cool-season grasses grown throughout California. Warm-season grasses such as bermudagrass, buffalograss, kikuyugrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass grow best in southern California or Central Valley climates where summers are hot and dry and winters are relatively mild. These grasses go dormant during winter months when soil temperatures drop below 52°F and then green up in spring when soil temperatures rise. In general, cool-season grasses are less drought-tolerant and require 25% more water than warm-season grasses grown in the same location. When planting a lawn, choose a species that best fits your specific conditions. Poorly adapted species are more susceptible to weed invasions and require more intense maintenance than well-adapted species. For more information refer to the publication Turfgrass Selection for the Home Landscape , listed in REFERENCES. It is essential to choose a planting time that allows the turfgrass species to establish quickly and be competitive with weeds. Warm-season grasses should be planted from mid-spring to midsummer. Cool-season grasses should be planted in early spring or fall. Lawns will compete with weeds more effectively if established quickly. Lawns established from sod have few weed problems from the moment they are planted. Lawns planted from seed, stolons, or plugs can take up to 2 months to become established and are, therefore, more susceptible to weed invasions. WEED MANAGEMENT IN NEWLY PLANTED LAWNS Even if a planting site has been carefully prepared, some weeds will probably develop in a new lawn. Remove weeds by hand as they appear. This will prevent them from producing seed and extending the invasion. Properly timed irrigation, mowing, and fertilization can keep weeds under control. In the first few weeks after planting turfgrass roots are fairly short, extending only into the top few inches of soil. Water lightly to keep the root zone moist without saturating the soil. Once the turfgrass becomes established, encourage healthy root growth to deeper depths with deep, infrequent watering. Mow new lawns for the first time when their roots are firmly planted in the soil. Be sure the soil is fairly dry so that the young turfgrass is not torn from the ground. WEED MANAGEMENT IN ESTABLISHED LAWNS Many lawns are watered incorrectly. Poor irrigation practices can weaken turfgrass, allowing weeds to invade. Annual bluegrass, crabgrass, dallisgrass, and nutsedge are just a few weed species that thrive in poorly irrigated lawns. To maintain a healthy lawn, uniform water coverage is needed. Sprinkler heads that are broken, obstructed, or set too low or too high may not reach all areas of the lawn and can result in dry or dead spots in an otherwise healthy turfgrass. In general, deep, infrequent irrigation will encourage healthy root growth. Light, frequent watering is only required when the turfgrass has just been planted and the root system is developing. Watering established turfgrass lightly and frequently creates a shallow-rooted lawn, making it less durable and allowing shallow-rooted weeds such as crabgrass to get the competitive edge. Ideally, turfgrass should be irrigated deeply enough to penetrate the soil to a depth of 6 to 8 inches. Allow the soil to partially dry out between waterings. The top 1 to 2 inches of soil should be fairly dry before water is applied again. Water requirements vary among turfgrass species and also vary depending on climate, time of year, and growing conditions. As a general rule, warm-season grasses only need to be watered once or twice a week. Cool-season grasses require more frequent watering, up to three times a week in hot weather. Turfgrass species growing in shade require less water than the same species growing in full sun. Turfgrass growing on clay soils does not need to be watered as frequently as turfgrass growing on sandy soils, because clay soils retain water longer than sandy soils, and sandy soils drain water and dry out quickly. Low application rates and/or division of total irrigation time into 2 or more applications per day are sometimes needed on clay soils to allow water infiltration and prevent puddling and runoff. For specific irrigation requirements for warm- and cool-season turfgrasses in various regions of California and at different sprinkler outputs, see the UC Guide to Healthy Lawns and the Lawn Watering Guide for California. Additional resources are Managing Lawns in Shade, Managing Lawns on Heavy Soils, and Managing Turfgrasses During Drought. Each turfgrass species has specific mowing-height requirements (see Mowing Your Lawn and Grasscycling). Mowing some grasses too short can weaken the turfgrass and increase weed invasions. Alternatively, if some grasses are not mowed short enough, the thatch layer can build up, reducing water penetration and weakening the turfgrass. Mow grasses more frequently when they are actively growing. A standard guide is to remove no more than 1/3 of the leaf blade at each mowing. If too much is removed at one time, it can take some time for the grass to recover, giving weeds a chance to invade. Lawns with weed invasions often appear uneven. Mow weedy lawns frequently enough to avoid this patchy appearance and prevent flower and weed seed formation. Be sure that mower blades are sharp enough so that the turfgrass is not damaged. For large areas, it is best to mow the least weedy section first and the weediest section last to avoid spreading weeds. Washing the mower's deck and underside afterwards will remove weed seeds. The same applies if mowers are moved from weedy lawns to other lawns, to avoid transporting weed seeds and propagules. Avoid mowing lawns when the soil is wet, such as after rain or irrigation; moving a mower over wet soil can lead to compaction. To maintain a healthy lawn, follow fertilizing guidelines carefully. Begin a regular fertilization program approximately 6 weeks after planting. In general, lawns need to be fertilized about four times a year while they are actively growing, with no more than 1 pound of actual nitrogen per 1,000 square feet per application. See Practical Lawn Fertilization for requirements for specific turfgrass species. Regular thatch removal will help keep your turfgrass healthy and competitive with weeds. Thatch is a layer of organic matter (stems, stolons, roots) that develops between the turfgrass blades and the soil surface. A thin layer of thatch is normal and even beneficial; it can help limit weed germination. Some turfgrass species, particularly warm-season creeping grasses, develop thick thatch layers that can prevent the circulation of air, water, and nutrients in the soil. Generally, you should dethatch your lawn when the thatch layer is more than 1/2 inch thick. For some species, such as zoysiagrass, bermudagrass, or Kentucky bluegrass, this may mean dethatching every year. For other species, such as tall fescue, dethatching may only be needed every 5 years or not at all. Use a thatching rake on small lawns to loosen the layer of thatch. On creeping-type grass lawns, such as bermudagrass, use a verticutter or dethatcher to cut through the lawn to the soil surface. Heavy traffic can compact soil over time. Soil compaction restricts the flow of oxygen, water, and nutrients into the roots, causing the turfgrass to grow slowly and making it more susceptible to weed invasions. Alleviate soil compaction with regular aeration. Lawns on heavy clay soils or lawns with heavy foot or equipment traffic may need to be aerated several times a year while lawns with little activity may only need to be aerated once a year or less. Aerators, sometimes called aerifiers, remove small cores of soil or create pores or channels in the rooting zone. A hand-held aerifier may be adequate on small lawns. For larger areas, machine-driven aerifiers are more practical and can be found at equipment rental businesses. Aerate when the turfgrass is actively growing. Be aware that aeration will leave temporary holes in the turf that will gradually fill in within a few weeks; however some weed seeds may germinate in the spaces during that time. Soil cores are usually left on the lawn surface and quickly break down with irrigation; however some soil cores may contain weed seeds. In lawns that are known to be weedy, a preemergence herbicide application should be considered following aeration. Controlling occasional weeds by hand pulling may be all that is necessary if you practice regular and proper maintenance procedures. Hand weeding is particularly important for preventing infestations of creeping woodsorrel (oxalis), nutsedge, dandelion, spurge, dallisgrass, and bermudagrass. Remove weeds while they are still young and before they set seed or produce rhizomes or tubers. Remove small patches before they get large. Making this a regular habit will greatly reduce the number of weeds in your lawn. Be sure to remove the entire weed, including the root. A dandelion fork or fishtail weeder is useful for removing weeds with a thick taproot. Larger patches can be dug out and the holes filled with clean soil. If your lawn is properly maintained, herbicides will generally not be necessary. When they are needed, use them as part of an integrated management program that includes good cultural maintenance practices. No single herbicide will control all lawn weeds, and not all herbicides can be used on all lawn species. You must identify your weed problem(s) and turfgrass species before choosing an herbicide. A few of the most serious lawn weeds, such as some perennial grasses, cannot be effectively controlled with herbicides without killing the turfgrass as well. The products mentioned here are primarily for residential lawns. Professional turf managers who are licensed pesticide applicators should also review the UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines for Turf. Herbicides are classified in several ways: Preemergence herbicides are applied before weeds emerge from the soil; they kill weed seedlings as they germinate and try to emerge. In lawns they are primarily used against annual grass weeds such as annual bluegrass and crabgrass, but there are also preemergence herbicides that are effective against many broadleaf weeds. Postemergence herbicides are applied after weeds have emerged from the soil; they control actively growing weeds. Postemergence herbicides may have either contact or systemic activity. Contact herbicides cause localized injury where the chemical comes in contact with the plant and are most successful when applied to young weeds. Examples include diquat, carfentrazone, plant oils and herbicidal soaps. In contrast, systemic herbicides move within the plant, causing injury at additional sites in the plant and can control older weeds. Examples include glyphosate, quinclorac, triclopyr, or 2,4-D, dicamba, and mecoprop mixtures (active ingredients in many broadleaf weed killers). Selective herbicides kill target weeds without damaging desirable turfgrass species. They are toxic to only certain plants or weeds. For example, 2,4-D selectively kills only broadleaf plants and not grasses; fluazifop selectively kills only grasses and not broadleaf plants. Nonselective herbicides kill all or most vegetation including turfgrass. They should only be used prior to planting a lawn, during renovation, or as spot treatments. Examples of nonselective postemergence herbicides include diquat (a contact herbicide), plant oils (contact herbicides), and glyphosate (a systemic herbicide). The herbicide you choose will depend on the types of weeds you are trying to control and the tolerance of your turfgrass species. Table 2 lists some common herbicides and brand names labeled for use on residential turfgrass lawns or for turfgrass renovation and highlights the types of weeds or special weed problems they control. Please note that some of the pesticides mentioned here are available for professional use only, but can be applied on residential lawns. Herbicides for Broadleaf Weeds The easiest weeds to control in grass lawns are annual broadleaves. Many products are available and formulated for specific weeds or for use on specific turfgrass species. Generally these weed killers are postemergence systemic herbicides containing combinations of two or three active ingredients, such as dicamba, mecoprop, or 2,4-D, and are very effective in controlling numerous broadleaf weeds without damage to grass lawns. Triclopyr is also an effective broadleaf herbicide but will cause injury to bermudagrass lawns and other stoloniferous turfgrass; it is safe to use on most cool-season turfgrasses such as bluegrass, ryegrass, and tall fescue lawns. Newer herbicides carfentrazone and quinclorac also have broadleaf weed activity and are often formulated with the other broadleaf herbicides to increase the speed or spectrum of weed control. Broadleaf herbicides and their combinations are also effective against perennial broadleaves, although more than one application may be necessary. Be aware that many postemergence broadleaf herbicides are prone to drift in the air and may contact desirable plants, especially when applications are made in windy conditions. Also be aware that certain postemergence broadleaf herbicides, such as dicamba and triclopyr, can be absorbed by tree roots growing in lawns and may cause tree injury if applied too close to the tree drip line. Always consult the herbicide label for specific application details and precautions. Herbicides for Grass Weeds Annual grasses such as crabgrass, foxtail, and annual bluegrass can be effectively controlled in established lawns with common preemergence herbicides such as benefin, bensulide, dithiopyr, oryzalin, pendimethalin, and prodiamine. Dimethenamid-p, ethofumesate, and indaziflam are preemergence herbicides used to control a narrower range of weeds in specific turfgrass species. The key to success for all preemergence herbicides is to apply the herbicide 2 to 3 weeks prior to weed germination. Preemergence herbicides work best when the soil is moist but the turf is dry at the time of application, and when thoroughly watered into the lawn as soon as possible after application. It may take three applications per year (early fall, late winter and mid-spring) to clean up a heavy weed infestation, but herbicides should not be needed year after year, if cultural practices are modified to favor the turfgrass. Be aware that overseeding or reseeding lawns may not be possible for several weeks or months after applying a preemergence herbicide. It is much more difficult to control weedy grasses growing in established lawns with postemergence herbicides. Products containing quinclorac are available to homeowners and reduce crabgrass, foxtails, and barnyardgrass infestations but not as effectively as preemergence herbicides, and several applications are needed in summer and in subsequent years. Professional applicators may use ethofumesate (a preemergence herbicide with some postemergence activity), foramsulfuron, and sulfosulfuron to selectively remove grass weeds from turfgrass lawns, but applications are rare in residential lawns and more common in highly managed golf courses and commercial turfgrass. Some perennial grasses, such as bermudagrass, dallisgrass, or knotgrass growing in a tall fescue lawn, are extremely difficult to control. Frequently a nonselective systemic herbicide such as glyphosate, or the grass-selective systemic herbicide fluazifop are needed. Make spot treatments because these herbicides will kill turfgrass as well. They must be applied when weeds are actively growing and are most successful when applied in early fall before the weedy grass goes into dormancy. Bermudagrass growing in a tall fescue lawn can also be suppressed with repeated applications of triclopyr, fenoxaprop, or fluazifop. See the product labels for specific directions. Herbicides for Broadleaf and Grass Weeds Some preemergence herbicides for use in lawns will effectively control specific weeds (both grasses and broadleaves) as indicated on their label. It is very important to identify the weeds to be controlled and understand the time of year they most often germinate. When applying preemergence herbicides, apply them after any aerating and/or dethatching; otherwise, the herbicides will be removed from the soil with the cores or the thatch and the herbicide activity will be decreased. Herbicides for Sedges Sedges, such as yellow and purple nutsedge and green kyllinga, can be killed with spot treatments of a nonselective systemic postemergence herbicide such as glyphosate. Alternatively, two applications of the selective postemergence herbicides halosulfuron, sulfentrazone, or sulfosulfuron effectively remove sedges from lawns. Green kyllinga seed is highly viable and contributes to the spread of this sedge. Most preemergence herbicides effectively prevent kyllinga seedling emergence. Yellow and purple nutsedge are spread primarily by tubers. No preemergence herbicides kill nutsedge tubers in cool-season turfgrass. In warm-season lawns, dimethenamid-p has activity on nutsedges and green kyllinga, and metolachlor is registered for control of yellow nutsedge (and its tubers). Both of these products are for professional use only. Herbicides for Newly Seeded Lawns Special care should be taken when applying herbicides on newly seeded lawns because of the sensitivity of seedling plants. Among the preemergence herbicides, only mesotrione and siduron can be used on newly seeded or established cool-season turfgrass for control of broadleaf seedlings and warm-season grass weeds such as crabgrass, foxtails, and barnyardgrass. Mesotrione is combined with a starter fertilizer to be used at planting and is available to home gardeners. Siduron should not be used on warm-season turfgrass species and can only be used by a professional applicator. Postemergence herbicides selective for broadleaf weeds can be used once the turfgrass has produced several tillers and has been mowed two or three times. Weed and Feed Products Some fertilizer products contain either preemergence or postemergence herbicides (or both) for weed control (usually crabgrass prevention or broadleaf weed control). Use these combination products only when the lawn has a known weed problem and not every time you fertilize. Herbicides should only be applied when you have observed high numbers of weeds and are sure treatment is necessary. With preemergence products, this means relying upon weed populations observed last season. Be sure the active ingredient in the product is one that will control the weed species causing your problems and also that the timing of the application is right. There is no point in applying preemergence herbicides after the majority of target weeds have emerged. Other Weed Control Products Corn gluten meal is a fine yellow powder that is a waste product left over from the processing of corn and is often marketed for weed control. It has high nitrogen content and can be top-dressed onto established turfgrass. Research conducted in the midwest suggests that repeated applications of corn gluten meal may prevent the emergence of some weeds, but the research results are not consistent. In experiments conducted on California lawns, corn gluten meal did not provide satisfactory weed control. However, corn gluten meal may help in weed management because its high nitrogen content acts as a fertilizer, which makes the turfgrass more competitive with weeds. Additionally it may act as a mulch to suppress weed germination. It is the combination of these factors that make corn gluten meal successful in a dense turf with a low density of annual weeds. Corn gluten meal has no effect on already emerged weeds. Herbicide Success Tips Lawn and garden companies market their own brand names of herbicides. These trade names are so numerous and change so often that they cannot all be listed in this publication. Shop for herbicides by looking for the common name or active ingredient that appears on the label in small print under the title "Ingredients." Unlike brand names, common names for active ingredients do not change from company to company. Different products will vary in the percentages of active ingredients they contain. Some products are formulated as ready-to-use to allow for the convenience of no mixing, others as granules, and many others as higher-concentration liquid sprays that require mixing with water. Follow all label directions carefully and only apply herbicides at the time of year and at the rates recommended. Be sure the herbicide is effective against the weed you are trying to control and that it is recommended for your type of lawn. Improper use could injure or kill desirable turfgrass or other plants in the landscape. Remember that many broadleaf weed herbicides are prone to drift or can be injurious to shallow tree roots growing in the lawn, so exercise proper caution. Do not apply herbicides under hot, dry, or windy conditions as they could injure turfgrass or nearby ornamentals. If you are applying preemergence herbicides, remember that you cannot reseed desirable turfgrass species for several weeks or months after application. If you are applying preemergence herbicides, apply them after any aerating or dethatching; otherwise, the herbicides will be removed from the soil with the cores or thatch and the uniform herbicide barrier on the soil surface will be disturbed. Before renovating your lawn, identify the reasons why the lawn became weedy. Were you growing the right turfgrass species for your area? Did you follow recommended irrigation, fertilization, and mowing practices? Did you have good drainage? Before you replant, correct the problems that allowed weeds to invade your lawn previously. Use good management practices on your lawn to reduce new weed invasions. If weeds have completely taken over a small area of your lawn, you may want to consider a partial renovation. Dig out the affected area, remove and destroy weeds, and work the soil with a garden rake to break up clods and remove weed debris. Add soil amendments and starter fertilizer and then level and firm the site. Irrigate and patch the soil with sod, seed, stolons, or plugs and irrigate again. If your lawn is primarily weeds, a complete renovation may be necessary. The first step in a complete renovation is to kill and remove the existing turfgrass and weeds. There are a few ways to remove a lawn. For instance, you can dig out the turfgrass and weeds, prepare the site for planting, and then solarize the soil. Alternatively, you can rototill the old lawn and rake up the old turfgrass and weeds. You will need to repeat the tilling and raking until all of the debris is gone. Another method is to apply a nonselective herbicide such as glyphosate to kill the existing lawn and weeds, remove all the plant material you can, and work the soil until debris is gone. Once the old lawn is removed, prepare the site (as discussed earlier), and plant the new lawn. For more information on lawn renovation, see the UC Guide to Healthy Lawns. Stapleton, J.J., C.A. Wilen, R.H. Molinar. 2008. Pest Notes: Soil Solarization for Gardens and Landscapes. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 74145. Harivandi, M. A., V. A. Gibeault. 1996. Managing Lawns in Shade . Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 7214. Harivandi, M. A., V. A. Gibeault. 1996. Managing Lawns on Heavy Soils . Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 7227. Harivandi, M. A., V. A. Gibeault, J. M. Henry, L. Wu, P. M. Geisel, and C. L. Unruh. 2001. Turfgrass Selection for the Home Landscape. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 8035. Harivandi, M. A. and V. A. Gibeault. 1999. Mowing Your Lawn and Grasscycling . Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 8006. Harivandi, M. A. and V. A. Gibeault. 2002. Turfgrass Traffic and Compaction: Problems and Solutions . Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 8080. Harivandi, M. A., V. A. Gibeault, J. Baird, J. Hartin, J. M. Henry and D. Shaw. 2009. Managing Turfgrasses During Drought . Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 8395. Hartin, J., P. M. Geisel, and C. L. Unruh. 2001. Lawn Watering Guide for California. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 8044. Henry, J. M., V. A. Gibeault, and V. F. Lazaneo. 2002. Practical Lawn Fertilization . Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 8065. Reynolds, C. A., and M. L. Flint. 2002.The UC Guide to Healthy Lawns. UC Statewide IPM Program. Pest Notes Weed series: Annual Bluegrass. Bermudagrass. Burning and Stinging Nettles. Chickweeds. Clovers. Common Groundsel. Common Knotweed. Common Purslane. Crabgrass. Creeping Woodsorrel/Bermuda Buttercup. Dallisgrass. Dandelions. Field Bindweed. Green Kyllinga. Kikuyugrass. Mallows. Nutsedge. Plantains. Spotted Spurge. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Wilen, C.A., M. Le Strange, and M. A. Harivandi. 2015. UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Turfgrass—Weeds. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 3365. Pest Notes: Weed Management in Lawns Authors: M. LeStrange, UC Cooperative Extension, Tulare & Kings Co.; and C. A. Reynolds, UC Statewide IPM Program Produced by University of California Statewide IPM Program PDF: To display a PDF document, you may need to use a PDF reader.

According to the World Health Organization, 80% of the population is breathing in polluted air, in one form or another, at one level or another. Air pollution poses serious risks to every part of the human being, and of course the skin is no exception. Have you ever figured out how pollution will affect your skin and how important it is to cleanse your skin? Air pollution not only affects your health but also ruins your beauty Picture source: Free canvaScientific research has revealed continuous levels of daily exposure to pollution that significantly affect your health and skin. Types of air pollution are the greatest risk to your skin, including: - Smoke from exhaust vehicles - Cigarette smoke - Industrial production - Petrochemical Technology - Small particulate matter (including many volatile organic compounds in water form) - Smog (especially the underground ozone layer it produces) ** Pollution & skin ** All forms of pollution cause free radicals, accelerating the aging process. Nanoparticles destroy the skin barrier, shields prevent dust and dirt from deepening in the skin, while ensuring the skin's smooth, healthy moisture. The skin is out of balance, becomes weak, the chance for problems to arise. When the protective barrier is broken, pollutants from the air penetrate the skin, causing injury, leading to pimples. At the same time, deep layers of skin can also be affected, increasing pigmentation and wrinkles smoke discharged from transport modes seriously affects your skin PIcture source: Canva Signs that the skin suffers from many environmental pollution problems - Skin with brown spots - Skin color is uneven, dull - Skin with wrinkles - The pores are enlarged - Sensitive skin, prone to redness - Irritating, dry skin You can help reduce this damage by not smoking and eating superfoods full of antioxidants. ** How to protect skin from pollution ** Protect skin thoroughly Wearing a face mask, scarf, sunscreen and sunglasses is necessary especially in the tropics to protect the skin from ultraviolet rays. Also, protect your skin with sunscreen containing UVA and UVB with an SPF of at least 30. Apply it 20 minutes before leaving the house and after every 2.5 hours, reapply sunscreen to ensure Protect your skin effectively. Maybe you think winter or when it is shady, you don't need to apply sunscreen, but you're really wrong. The sun still appears even when there is no bright sunlight, there is still UV light in the air, even stronger when reflected on the snow. Therefore, you should actively use sunscreen and shielding when going out in all seasons! Keeping your skin clean and healthy every day is essential to protect your skin from environmental pollution. A mild cleansing product that is effective daily is the number one important thing. In addition, twice a week to remove AHA, BHA exfoliating cells and apply purifying masks to clean deep lubricants, dirt and toxins that are in the pores. Sometimes it is also necessary to get the help of intensive skin cleaning tools such as palm face massage machine (clarisonic) or silicon (foreo), silicon pads, or kojac foam, things that help you exert strong force more on face skin deep cleansing pores. However, pay attention to avoid excessive use or excessive friction, causing skin damage ☘️ Soft foaming cleanser Jasberry: Soap-free cleanser or sulfate (SLS), with a pH suitable for skin physiological characteristics, sweet and warm fragrance of orange and cinnamon essential oil . Especially, unlike other cleansers, a gentle cleansing ingredient made from corn is Decyl Glucoside, combined with aloe vera juice and Jasberry's green tea essence that helps skin not only clean and fresh. but also absolutely soft, smooth after washing. Soft foaming cleanser Jasberry using Decyl glucoside - extracted from coconut and corn starch as a natural skin-safe cleanser. ☘️ Mavo multi-purpose cleansing milk: Use avocado oil, coconut oil, Shea oil to clean and add tangerine peel oil essence for optimal cleansing, helping to lighten skin. Mavo versatile cleansing milk helps dry skin have a great experience ☘️ Dead skin exfoliating gel with Hoba mineral: With natural exfoliation ingredients from bamboo and horsetail, Hoba gives you a clean skin and provides minerals to your skin. Bamboo ingredients and Hoba horsetail contain a lot of silica as mineral-based nutrients for the skin ☘️Coftea purifying mask: Coftea helps skin to be pure by eliminating impurities deep in the pores, thanks to coffee, Kaolin clay, and helps nourish the skin, preventing oxidation thanks to red algae. Coftea purifying mask contains cleansing and moisturizing ingredients Nourish skin with anti-pollution ingredients Whether in any situation, or in the weather, your skin always needs moisture and nutrition to stay healthy. A nourishing cream helps strengthen the lipid membrane on the skin - a beneficial "weapon" that protects the skin from environmental contaminants. In addition, nourishing products need to contain many ingredients against free radicals, anti-aging to repel the harmful effects of environmental pollution on the skin such as vitamins C, E, A, retinol, etc. is the key problem solving. The soothing ingredient is also important in neutralizing irritation caused by pollution. kin lightening products containing vitamin C are also particularly useful because the contamination has clearly been shown to darken the skin. ☘️ Pingin Multi-purpose Serum Serum of Zenboté contains vitamin C concentrate to help brighten skin, anti-aging. Specially helps to erase dark circles effectively. ☘️ Anti-aging cream Hero contains 6 famous vegetable oils, coconut oil, argan oil, olive oil, hemp oil, jojoba oil, sunflower oil. You can use this cream to massage the eye area to make it smooth, moist and prevent aging. Anti-aging cream Hero contains fatty acids, Omega - 3 and Omega - 6 from vegetable oils have incredible nourishment ☘️ Copa facial moisturizer contains excellent ingredients in skincare, really "delicious - tonic - clean food for the skin. Not only that, Copa has super light and soft texture, so when applied The skin completely melts, absorbs fast and does not cause greasy hiss, especially with the mixture of Copa skin also has the ability to alkaline the oily areas and moisturize dry skin areas. Copa balancing skin care cream with canola oil and coconut oil Eating a diet rich in vitamins and minerals will help keep your skin young and beautiful. Fresh fruits, vegetables and nuts are rich in vitamins, fiber and especially antioxidants that benefit the skin. Vitamins A, C and E are powerful antioxidants. They are found in some foods, especially blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, green leafy vegetables, beans and nuts. Picture Source: Pixabay Food is also an important weapon to protect the skin from withinYour skin is also supplemented with antioxidants from Zenboté's safe organic products:

Phenological stages of sedges were observed at a long term experimental moist tussock tundra site and a long-term experimental wet sedge tundra sites near Toolik Lake, AK. Also, ITEX maximum growth measurements were recorded on August 19th (moist tussock tundra). Experimental treatments at each site included factorial NxP, greenhouse and shadehouse and were begun in 1989. See 96gsphdc.html and 96gsphsg.html for phenological data on deciduous and evergeen species. Displaying 1 - 1 of 1

Is 2 oz enough for a 3 week old? General Guidelines for Baby Feeding: Most newborns eat every 2 to 3 hours, or 8 to 12 times every 24 hours. Babies might only take in half ounce per feeding for the first day or two of life, but after that will usually drink 1 to 2 ounces at each feeding. This amount increases to 2 to 3 ounces by 2 weeks of age. How many ounces of breastmilk should a 3 week old eat? Breastmilk Feedings and Amounts by Age |Age||# of feedings per day / 24 hours||Average Bottle Sizes (if applicable)| |0-4 weeks||on-demand||~2-3 ounces / 60-90 ml| |5-8 weeks||on-demand||~2-4 ounces / 60-120 ml| |9-12 weeks/3 months||~8-10||3-4 ounces / 90-120 ml| |13-16 weeks/4 months||~6-10||3-4 ounces / 90-120 ml| How much Oz should a 3 week old eat? During the first few weeks: 1 to 3 ounces of formula every three to four hours (this will probably be closer to 2 to 3 ounces a feeding after the first few days or week). Wake your baby for a feeding if he sleeps longer than five hours. By the first month: At least 4 ounces every four hours. How do I know if my 3 week old is getting enough breast milk? Signs your baby is getting enough milk Your baby’s cheeks stay rounded, not hollow, during sucking. They seem calm and relaxed during feeds. Your baby comes off the breast on their own at the end of feeds. Their mouth looks moist after feeds. Is 4 oz of breastmilk too much for a 3 week old? During the first 2 weeks, babies will eat on average 1 – 2 oz at a time. By the end of the first month they eat about 4 oz at a time. By 2 months, increase to 6 oz per feed, and by 4 months, about 6-8 oz per feed. Is 3 oz enough for a 3 week old? On average, a newborn drinks about 1.5-3 ounces (45-90 milliliters) every 2-3 hours. This amount increases as your baby grows and is able to take more at each feeding. At about 2 months, your baby may be taking 4-5 ounces (120-150 milliliters) at each feeding and the feedings may be every 3-4 hours. Can you overfeed a breastfed baby? Do not worry about feeding your baby whenever either of you wants to. You cannot overfeed a breastfed baby, and your baby will not become spoiled or demanding if you feed them whenever they’re hungry or need comfort. How much pumped milk should I feed my baby? Take your baby’s weight in pounds and multiply that number by 2.5 (8.25 x 2.5 = 20.6 ounces). This figure represents how many ounces of breast milk your baby should be getting in one day. Based on the example above, the baby should be taking in about 20.6 ounces of breast milk in a 24-hour period. Is 2 oz of breastmilk enough for a newborn? Usually, the baby gets about 15 ml (1/2 ounce) at a feeding when three days old. By four days of age the baby gets about 30 ml (1 ounce) per feeding. On the fifth day the baby gets about 45 ml (1 ½ ounces) per feeding. By two weeks of age the baby is getting 480 to 720 ml (16 to 24 oz.) How long should 3 week old sleep? Your 3-week-old baby’s development Newborns up to 3 or 4 months old need 14 to 17 hours of sleep in a 24-hour period, usually waking every two to four hours to eat. Breastfed babies should eat as much as they want at this age, but a general rule of thumb is roughly 16 to 24 ounces of breast milk or formula in 24 hours. Should I wake my 3 week old baby to feed? Newborns who sleep for longer stretches should be awakened to feed. Wake your baby every 3–4 hours to eat until he or she shows good weight gain, which usually happens within the first couple of weeks. After that, it’s OK to let your baby sleep for longer periods of time at night. When do I stop feeding my baby every 3 hours? Most babies usually feel hungry every 3 hours until about 2 months of age and need 4-5 ounces per feeding. As the capacity of their abdomen increases, they go longer between feedings. At 4 months, babies may take up to 6 ounces per feeding and at 6 months, babies might need 8 ounces every 4-5 hours. How do I know my baby got enough breast milk? Signs That Your Baby Is Getting Enough Breast Milk - Shows an eager desire and wakes up frequently to breastfeed. - Rhythmically sucks and swallows milk. … - Breastfeeds on each breast at each feeding and is content when finished. - Feeds at least every 1 to 3 hours during the first 2 months. … - Has regular dirty and wet diapers. How do you know if your baby is underfed? Your baby is active & alert Although newborns generally sleep 16-18 hours each day, unusual sleepiness may be an indication that your baby is underfed. If you’re having trouble waking your baby to eat or keeping your baby awake at the breast, try applying a cool, damp cloth to your baby’s forehead and face. How do I know if baby is comfort feeding or breastfeeding? When you watch your baby, he will reduce the amount of swallowing and eventually stop swallowing completely. Baby may also start to clamp down on your nipple rather than suck. These are all signs he will give you based upon his suck and latch. His body and arms will also be floppy, and he may be relaxed or sleeping.

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Monkfish and Clams Fideuà is an authentic Catalan dish similar to a paella although the rice is replaced by Fideus, a short thin noodle that is fried, then it soaks the Mediterranean flavoured stock with some extra saffron touch. The Catalan have a gastronomy of their own, and one of their most distinctive dish would be the Fideuà. They make all kind of Fideuà dish, it’s quite similar to paellas but it’s made with a noodle called Fideus. It’s usually also served in a paella pan and to make it to perfection is an art! This version here is a simplified, home version, although I’ll let you know how to nail a really professional looking Fideuà in the post. Let’s start with a general view of this Catalan dish. The small 1 cm long and thin piece of noodle is far from being used the “Italian way”, first of all, fideuà is never”al dente”, nor are the noodles covered with a sauce but the opposite, the noodles soaks up the stock, so this is the first major difference. Some like to make their Fideuà with lots of liquid and keep the dish slightly moist with an extra stock (caldoso) others like to make sure all the stock is absorbed by the pasta and this way, you can finish the dish in the oven and if you’ve done it right, magic can happen in this step; the fideus will rise vertically and lightly grill on the top and become crisp which is in my opinion the ultimate Fideuà. For this to happen you need a large paella pan, to sauté your pasta in olive oil at first and add just a fine layer of those fideus to the pan to let them stand. For this recipe I broke the rule and use a thick bottom pan and too much fideus for the size of the pan… so the fideus couldn’t rise vertically but still a “one of a kind” dish! If you don’t find the “Catalan Fideus noodles” you can use vermicelli and break them or the Italians have a similar one called: fedelini. The frying of the Fideus Yes, you saw that right, the first step is to fry the Fideus noodles. This step is important in order for the fideus to keep a “softly crisp” texture or to prevent it from getting saggy, this also helps the pasta to rise in the final step. Important note about the frying, cook then at medium-low heat to prevent the noodles from getting burned… any black noodle pieces is simply a disaster for this dish. So keep an eye on your frying noodles and bring them to a nice golden-light brown color while gently moving them. The Sofregit (the fried paste) A kind of thick red paste resulting from a slowly cooked onion, garlic and tomato in olive oil, until all the water is out of the veggies and forms a kind of red flavorful base. This is another important element in Catalan cuisine, so many recipes starts this way. It’s a tad long but in the end it’s worth it. No only does it give flavor but color to a dish. In Spain, they are still debating if a paella should or shouldn’t start by making a sofregit. The Catalan, in the north of Spain and around are big fans of that flavorful paste for their paellas but elsewhere in Spain it’s not always well received to start a paella this way. As for the Fideuà though, it’s a necessity to start the dish with a nicely done Sofregit. It’s a simple technique but might take a few extra minutes especially if done right, because you can trick a sofregit to be done “faster” by adding wine or liquid to the onions to make them soften faster. The Fideus technique and ingredients For this variety of Fideuà we’ll use monkfish and clams, so if you are living somewhere which it’s difficult to find monkfish (also called scorpion fish) simply substitute it by sea bass, snapper, halibut or even scallops. As for the clams, rinse them good before adding them to the dish. Those little shells will open up and give this fresh sea taste to the dish in the final step. The technique isn’t hard, just follow the instructions, but if you want to try to make the fideus rise straight up it’s a tad more complicated; you’ll need a large paella pan of 40cm diameter for this amount of pasta to rise. Also, after the final step in the oven to lightly grill the top, it’s important to cover the complete paella with a clean towel and let it rest 5 minutes before getting the rising effect. I’ve personally have to work this technique out a bit more, although I’ve done it in culinary school but it’s not the easiest. But if you nail it once, it’s a fantastic looking dish! Anyway for now the importance is the flavour so let’s make this Fideuà dish going! Shall we? Monkfish and Clams Fideuà Makes 4 portions | Difficulty: Medium | Preparation: 40 minutes - 250g fideus noodles (or broken vermicelli or fedelini) - 500ml of fish stock / fumet (water also is fine) - 350g Monkfish cut into large pieces of 4 cm (halibut, snapper, sea bass or scallops) - 12 clams - 1 1/2 onions (yellow) cut finely - 2 garlic cloves finely chopped - 3-4 tomatoes (cut into 2 and grate the inside with a cheese grater to collect the interior and discard the skin) - 1/4 red bell pepper cut into small dices - 1 pinch of saffron *optional - 1/2 sweet paprika (pimenton dulce) - extra-virgin olive oil - salt and pepper (For the optional final step; Bring the oven at 180°C (350F), use a pan that goes in the oven) - Start by making the sofregit in a big pan, cook slowly at medium-low heat the finely chopped onions in 3 tbsp of olive oil and salt (the finer the onion is cut the fast they’ll get transparent) and cook until transparent about 5 minutes - Add the garlic and tomato to the pan (make sure there is always a little oil left in the pan) and let the tomato water evaporate, another 5 minutes - Once the mixture is similar to a paste, add a tad more olive oil and the monkfish pieces and cover with the sofregit and cook medium-high heat the fish until slightly golden (1 minute) - Add the bell pepper pieces, the broth, sweet paprika and saffron and let simmer 10 minutes - In a separate pan, add 2 tbsp of olive oil to a pan and the fideus, cook a medium-low heat until golden (light brown), move it gently, it takes about 5 minutes - When the broth is done reducing for 10 minutes, bring to a strong simmer, add the golden fried Fideus noodles to the broth and check the seasonning (salt and pepper), cook 2 minutes - Add the clams and let them 1-2 minutes to simmer in the broth to open up - For the final touch, add the pan in the oven to give the final grilled touch on top, at 180°C (350F) for just 2 minutes (this step is optional) - Cover the Fideuà with a clean towel and let it rest 4 minutes before serving. Traditionally served with Allioli, a garlic mayonnaise. Enjoy!

- Mold Services - Areas Serviced - Contact Us Mold Remediation Mantoloking New Jersey. Mold in your Mantoloking home or business is extremely dangerous. You want to solve your mold problem and have peace of mind that your home or building is a safe healthy place for your family or employees. Many people will tell you that they can ‘handle mold’ but it takes an expert in the process to do it right and not create bigger problems. Mold remediation and mold removal is all about removing mold and mold spores from your property. Mold removal procedures can differ for each project and usually involves: containment of working area, disinfectant and anti-microbial misting, cleaning and treating of structural elements and application of patented polymer/silver ion sealer to prevent future mold growth. Our team takes a lot of pride in teaching you what you want to know about the process so you can make an educated decision. Some people don’t want to know any details and just want the peace of mind that your mold removal is handled properly. Going with a reputable company like NewJerseyMold.com is important. Mold Inspection Mantoloking New Jersey. If you suspect a mold, mildew, or moisture problem. Our highly trained inspectors will happily come complete a mold inspection in Mantoloking and do testing to help you determine if you have an mold issue or not. Do not wait! Each day that passes your problem could be getting exponentially worse. Mold inspection and testing are about investigating and finding all of the mold at your property. A visual inspection, hygrometers, and moisture meters– all used to help find mold that may be hidden. Air and surface samples are sent to 3rd party certified labs for analysis to identify mold species and determine spore counts after mold is discovered. Lab results will help to decide the correct course of action for remediation if above normal levels of mold are found. Crawl Space Mold Removal Mantoloking New Jersey. Excessive moisture in crawlspaces can lead to wood rot and problems with air quality inside the home. Left unchecked, it is common for moisture and mold problems in crawlspaces to cause tens of thousands of dollars in damage. This damage is typically NOT covered under your homeowner’s insurance and can result in a large out-of-pocket expense. We offer crawl space inspections and will provide options for permanent solutions for controlling moisture issues in the crawl space under your home – and our work is guaranteed, so you can rest easy. Utilizing dehumidifiers and vapor barriers we can permanently reduce the humidity levels in the crawl space to prevent future mold growth from occuring. Mantoloking NJ Basement Mold Removal Services. Do you have a musty smelling basement? There is no better place for mold to flourish than a moist, dark basement. If your home has a basement, odds are you have mold growth someplace possibly hidden in some corner not easily. Unfortunately, even a tiny mold infestation in the basement can lead to mold growth spreading, making it necessary to do a mold remediation in your Mantoloking New Jersey home. The following are a few of the most common signs of a basement mold problem that deserves attention: ·A musty smell ·Water stains on concrete walls/drywall ·Condensation on walls or windows ·Efflorescence on concrete walls ·Humid air (relative humidity above 60%)

No Knead Cucumber BreadPosted: July 3, 2014 OK, so I might have taken a bit of a liberty with the title of this post, but I can honestly say that I didn’t knead this loaf. My stand mixer with it’s dough hook on the other hand….. Owning a mixer isn’t a prerequisite, however, because this is a very moist dough – and it gets moister over time – so it’s more of a stirred dough at best. This loaf is a proper, yeast-raised savoury bread – not a sweet vegetable cake wearing a loaf shape as a disguise. It is delicately flavoured with fresh dill, which compliments the taste of the cucumber deliciously. It has a fabulous open, soft texture inside and a crunchy crust that stays crunchy, even the day after baking. It struck me that this loaf is also the perfect solution to the old cucumber sandwich sogginess problem: cucumber in the bread, cream cheese between the bread – tadaah! No Knead Cucumber Bread 1 large cucumber 1 tsp salt 500g strong bread flour 1 sachet fast-action yeast 2-3tbs chopped fresh dill water for mixing - Shred the cucumber into matchsticks using a mandolin. Alternately, use a coarse grater. - Put the cucumber bits into a sieve over a bowl and sprinkle with ½ tsp salt. - Stir it about, then sprinkle the remaining salt and leave to drain for 30 minutes. - Put the remaining ingredients in a bowl and stir. - Tip the drained cucumber into the bowl, followed by the liquid that has drained out of it. This isn’t as crazy as it sounds. You need to add liquid to bring this all together as a dough, but – unless you’ve got waaaaaaaaaaay too much time on your hands, you probably don’t want to wait around until it slowly leeches out of the cucumber. It’s going to leech out a bit more anyways, but you need to bring it together into a soft dough first. - Stir the mixture, or use a stand mixer and dough hook, and add in water as required, until there is no dry flour visible. You can also get in there with your hands, which might be the best way to judge the moisture needs of the dough. As a rough guide, and depending on the moisture content of the cucumber, it should take anything between 100-200ml more liquid. If you’ve made the Grant Loaf, the texture will be similar – not liquid, but too wet to knead. NB Don’t add too much liquid (obvs.). Add just a little at a time and make sure it’s very well mixed in before adding any more. Too much moisture will make for an open-textured but damp finished loaf. - Cover the bowl with cling film and leave until doubled in size. Depending on the room temperature, this could take anything between 1 and 2 hours. - What you’ll find,when you come back to your bowl, is that yes, it has risen, but also it has become much more liquid. - Grease a large loaf tin. The one in the pictures below is 24cmx14cmx7.5cm. - Pour – for there is no other word more suitable – the dough batter into the prepared loaf tin. It will come to within 3-4cm of the top of the tin (see left-hand pic below) - Set aside to rise while the oven heats up. - Heat the oven to 200°C, 180°C Fan. - It will take about 30-45 minutes for the dough to rise to the top of the tin – see right-hand pic above. - When the dough has risen, carefully transfer the tin to the oven. Don’t knock the tin, or you run the risk of deflating the dough. - Bake for 30 minutes, then turn the tin around 180° and bake for a further 20 minutes. - Remove the loaf from the tin and bake for a final 10 minutes, for a total cooking time of 1 hour. - Cool on a wire rack. - Wait until this loaf is completely cold -preferably the next day – before slicing. Flour: The more observant of you will have noticed some discrepancies amongst the photographs. This is down to different flours used to bake each loaf. The loaf at the top of the page is made with white flour, the photo of unrisen dough is of a loaf made with brown bread flour, and the photo of the risen dough is of the loaf made with stone-ground wholemeal bread flour. You can see the difference in the texture of the brown loaves in this photo: wholemeal (top) and brown (bottom). To begin with, I recommend making this recipe with white flour first, and then exploring other flours if so inclined when you’re happy judging the amount of liquid to add. Cheese Another variation to include with the dough, thereby turning it into a picnic loaf which needs only the addition of butter at most, to make for a deliciously portable snack. Cut 100g-150g of your favourite cheese (I suggest strong Cheddar, aged Red Leicester, Feta or Goats cheese) into 1cm cubes and add to the dough after the first rise.

Welcome: You are visitor number [an error occurred while processing this directive] 1. The Tropical Tape Recorder of the Unified Model Ross Bannister , Andrew Gregory , Alan O'Neill , Julia Slingo, William Lahoz and Katrin Nissen . Department of Meteorology,University of Reading, UK. Department of Meteorology,University of Edinburgh, UK. The `tape recorder' water vapour signal in the tropical stratosphere has been observed for a number of years by instruments aboard the UARS satellite. Its character (upward advection speed, signal amplitude, etc.) may depend upon a number of atmospheric processes. The ability of a GCM to reproduce a realistic tape recorder signal provides an important test of the model. The GCM may also be used as a tool to help understand the mechanisms most important for water vapour control. Analysis of the AMIP-II run of the 58-level Unified Model (UM) has shown that the UM can simulate a clear tape recorder-style variation in water vapour. An assessment is made of key aspects of this tape recorder, which are compared to observations. Crucial to the tape recorder is the underlying structure of the water vapour field in the upper troposphere and its seasonal variation. The UM has been used to help identify the regions most relevant to the troposphere-stratosphere exchange of water vapour. These are conventionally thought to be the localities of `colder than average' tropopause temperatures, where the air is `freeze-dried' (temperature controlled). Results from the UM challenges the view that only temperature has the essential influence of the entry values of stratospheric water vapour. 2. What is the 'tape recorder' signal? The troposphere and stratosphere are environments of distinctly different character. The processes which are important for the exchange of mass between the two (called strat./trop. exchange or STE) are generally not well understood. In many observational and modelling studies, the distributions and time evolution of tracer concentrations are examined to help shed light on this problem. Water vapour in the lower and middle atmosphere is a particularly useful tracer, but is difficult to model well owing to the variety of mechanisms which it is potentially influenced by. We highlight two classes of mechanism: (i) sources and sinks (e.g. condensation and convection), and (ii) 'resolved-flow' In the troposphere, the water vapour field is affected principally by diabatic 'source-and-sink' processes. Above the temperature-minimum of the tropopause however, there are few sources and sinks, and water vapour behaves as a conserved tracer (advection-dominated regime). Like for any long-lived species, transport of water vapour here is governed by the upward, and poleward residual Brewer-Dobson (BD) circulation. The conditions described above conspire to yield the so-called 'tape recorder' signal in the tropical middle atmosphere. Air enters the stratosphere in the tropics. Here the water vapour delivered is seasonally varying ('moist' (4.5 mg/kg) in JJA and 'dry' (3.5 mg/kg) in DJF (This is the 'record head' of the tape recorder analogy. Diabatic heating, accompanying the BD circulation, lifts the signal systematically. The BD circulation is slow (30 m/day) and vertical mixing of tracer is weak, ensuring that the retarded signal persists at elevated levels of the middle atmosphere and after many months. This memory of tropopause history is the 'magnetic tape'. Some pictures of observed and modelled tape recorder signals are shown in our poster (found on the UGAMP website - look on the main page or under "previous hot topics"). 3. Aims of our Work In order to gain a clearer picture of the tape recorder and its related processes, we have used the 58-level, stratosphere-troposphere configuration of the UK Met. Office Unified Model (UM). We aim to assess the main factors which affect the water vapour in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. In order to represent the water vapour values and their seasonality near the tropopause 'source' region correctly, the model must simulate diabatic processes realistically. Although the BD circulation itself requires diabatic heating for mass to cross the quasi-horizontal isentropes, an aspect of the model crucial to transport is the advection scheme performance. The slow motion, and the relatively crude vertical level spacing presents a very severe test of any advection scheme. A problem common to most general circulation models is that tracers are advected more quickly than the wind speed (hence a faster tape recorder than observed). Some of our aims: - To assess the tape recorder in the UM. - To determine the source regions of the 'dry' and 'moist' air. - To check the relevance of our hypothesis that the entry of water vapour is restricted thermodynamically (ie via temperature) during northern winter, but is controlled by transport during the summer. These are two fundamentally different regimes. Conventional belief is that the thermodynamic mechanism is active through all seasons. 4. Further Information We have a poster on the UGAMP website - look on the main page or under "previous hot topics" Our paper "Tropical Cross-Tropoause Transport of Water Vapour: Part 2, Diagnosis of Entry Regions and Mechanisms Affecting Water Vapour in the Unified Model" is in preparation.

Research at MUCCRI Through partnership with NARO and the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Uganda) and with funding from USAID, MUCCRI is offering both financial and technical support to a series of graduate students (both MSc and PhD) research efforts as well as research experiences for undergraduates. The research efforts for graduate students are focused on a range of research topics that have been identified and agreed upon with the partners. The different research topics for MSc and PhD covered by the graduate students include the following: MScs to generate agro-meteorological climate-risk analyses to inform decision-making at national, community, and farm level MScs to assess what policies affect farmers’ vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the local level through stakeholder engagement, so as to create awareness, empower the farming community and trigger behavioral change of local policy actors. PhD on climate-smart Robusta coffee: understanding the biophysical and economic challenges and opportunities at plot level. PhD on climate change adaptation, climate smart technologies: Overcoming drought stress in key food crops, combining drought-tolerant germplasm with evaluating technologies for conserving, collecting, and supplying water. PhD on climate change adaptation at household and community level - diversification or specialization and the implications of control over assets. This research aims at investigating the potential effects of the increasing temperatures on crop production especially maize which is staple food for many households in Uganda. Despite the adaptation strategies such as improved crop varieties and carrying out best agronomic practices, weather variability is still a key factor in agricultural productivity. The study is being carried out in Ngetta (Northern Moist Farmlands AEZ) and Kawanda (Lake Victoria Crescent AEZ) characterized by distinct temperature and rainfall variability. The main objective of the research study is to contribute to climate resilience of agricultural livelihoods in Uganda. The specific objectives of the research are to: to assess the extent to which temperature variations affect maize phenological stages in selected AEZ of Uganda under rain fed systems and; to project maize yield in the selected agro-ecological zones in Uganda under changing climatic conditions using DSSAT crop model up to 2050. Data are being collected on phenological stages including: dates of seedling emergence from the soil after planting, end of juvenile and vegetative, tasseling, silking (pollen shading) as well as physiological maturity stages. The genetic coefficients at these various stages will be calculated from daily average temperatures of the two sites based on a base temperature of 8 °C. The genetic coefficients information will be used in the crop model to predict future maize productivity in these areas under RCP 4.5, 6, and 8.5. The results from the study will act as a decision support tool for policy makers and researchers towards establishing appropriate adaptation strategies to match the predicted global warming for purposes of improving food productivity. Name: Amumpaire Jane Climate change has had devastating effects on natural resource dependent communities’ especially small holder farmers. These farmers try out various options using ecosystem products and services to help them adapt (Zake, 2015; CBD, 2009; Morton, 2007). Kiboga, a rural district in the cattle corridor of Uganda, is highly dependent on agriculture, and already affected by prolonged droughts and unreliable rainfall patterns (Tumwine et al.,2015). The aim of this study was to provide information that can be used to enhance adaptive capacity of small holder farmers whose adaptation responses are mainly found on ecosystems. Specifically, the study established drought impacts and Ecosystem- based Adaptation (EbA) options used by the farmers. Research person: Susan Nanfuka Program: Masters Student

What Are Hydrosols Hydrosols are floral waters, hydroflorats flower waters or distillates are products from steam distilling plant materials. Hydrosols are like essential oils but in far less of a concentration. Hydrosols are the pure natural water that is produced during the distillation process. Hydrosols are only produced through steam, hydro or hydro/distillation. Water is needed for a hydrosol to occur. The plant material is placed into the retort (still) or distillation tank. The steam hits the plant, the water boils the material softening the scent or secretory cells releasing the essential oil that is contained within as a vapor. This essential oil vapor mixes with the steam and is separated again as the steam cools in the condensing tank. As the steam cools, the essential oil molecules separate from the steam (now as cooled water) and float on the water (except for the very few of them which sink) and the water, now is called the hydrosol, or sometimes, the hydrolat is syphoned off. The highest quality hydrosols come from the devoted artisan distillers who, with artist like precision steam the floral and plant material strictly to produce a hydrosol. Hydrosols contain all of the essence of the plant in every drop, just like essential oils but in a milder form; making them suitable for all manner of applications where essential oils would be too strong. They are wonderful to use with children and pets! About Our Hydrosols Our hydrosols at Stillpoint Aromatics are stored in sterilized clear glass bottles in our dark cold room until an order is placed. Our hydrosols are also nitrogen capped just like our essential oils and extracts, so they remain just as therapeutic as the day they were distilled and the shelf life is extended dramatically, The hydrosol is then especially poured for you, with conscious intention and ceremony, into a sterilized clear glass bottle. We use clear glass bottles for our hydrosols so you can see "what is going on inside the bottle." You can not see mold/fungal growth in colored glass like blue or amber, and it's important to be able to monitor the health of your hydrosols! Our hydrosols are distilled in a complete sterilized environment in copper alembic stills. Which by the way produce a sweeter hydrosol and also a more stable one. The water that we use is pure spring, or well water. Which is of utmost importance for a hydrosol. After a hydrosol is water! How to Use Hydrosols: A Guide for Beginners There is an ever growing awareness of essential oils and their many uses, but hydrosols are still a mystery to some. There is even some confusion about what a hydrosol actually is as well as how to use hydrosols. Some people have told us that they thought a hydrosol is just a spray bottle filled with water and a few drops of essential oil. Hydrosols have so many uses. One of our favorite resources is from our hydrosol mentors, Jeanne rose and Ann Harmon. In Jeanne Rose’s book, Herbal Body, she gives a list of 101 ways to use hydrosols. Here are just a few of the suggested uses: - A spray of Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) to cool a hot flash. - Lemon Verbena (Aloysia triphylla syn. Lippia citriodora) hydrosol to keep you awake and alert. - Use Lavender or Owyhee (Artemesia ludoviciana) to tone your skin before applying makeup. - Use Yarrow hydrosol as a hand sanitizer. - Melissa (Melissa officinalis) can clean fruits and vegetables before you eat them. - Use a compress with Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) on varicose veins or hemorrhoids that are hurting you. How Hydrosols are Produced At Stillpoint, we feel quite passionate about hydrosols as well as essential oils. Our students who take our aromatherapy classes where we fire up our copper alembic really understand how essential oils and hydrosols are created firsthand. When a plant is distilled, the water-soluble essential oil molecules are actually contained in the water that is produced. That is the hydrosol. For this reason, hydrosols have tremendous therapeutic benefits beyond just a great facial toner– although this really is one fantastic way that many hydrosols can be used. How to Use Hydrosols Hydrosols are actually the safest form of aromatic medicine. The ways that hydrosols can be used are almost endless! First of all, hydrosols are are safe for everyone: children, babies, and pets (even cats!). You can spray them everywhere—in rooms, on pillows, and most importantly on yourself. Hydrosols can be put in water to either drink (although you need training to do this) or in any aromatherapy formulations for skin, physical pain and emotional pain. Additionally, you can use them in your cooking and baking as well as cleaning and disinfecting. They are great in martinis and coffee! Here are a few popular hydrosols and how to use them. Lavender hydrosol (Lavandula angustifolia) is at the top of our list. It is one of the safest and all around beneficial hydrosols to keep on hand. It has a ph that is beneficial for all skin types. Lavender hydrosol makes a wonderful addition to those who make their own skin care products as it can be a substitute when water is used as an ingredient. It is natural and safe for use with children and for a multitude of issues, such as scrapes, bites, sunburn and any other skin irritation. In fact, any emotional irritation can easily be soothed with a spritz of Lavender hydrosol. Rose Geranium Hydrosol Rose Geranium (Pelargonium capitatum) hydrosol has a lovely, uplifting aroma. It’s no wonder it is known to be anti-inflammatory to many issues where there is any redness, such as rosacea or broken capillaries on the face. It is a great humectant and can be used to help with many hormonal issues. I use this hydrosol every day (sometimes several times a day) to keep my skin moist, uplift my mood, and assist with peri-menopausal issues. Frankincense (Boswellia carterii) hydrosol makes a great spray for clearing energy either by misting on or around your body/aura. It is great for the skin, especially in the summer heat and humidity, because it has a slight drying effect. Because of this drying effect, it can help clear up congestion and mucus. Helichrysum italicumvis (Helichrysum italicum) hydrosol is known to have amazing cicatrisant (skin/wound healing) properties. It is great to use any time there is a need for healing. We have used it as a mouthwash for gingivitis (receding gums) as well as a compress where there is pain or inflammation. Although Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) hydrosol doesn’t have a “pretty” aroma, this is really one of our all-around favorites for so many reasons. Yarrow has an affinity for the blood and veins. We have had clients use Yarrow hydrosol on spider and varicose veins with great success. It is a great anti-inflammatory and is quite cooling whenever there is heat. It is a great alternative to Peppermint hydrosol. This is another favorite of Bella Chica. She says it is very calming. Tea Tree Hydrosol Even if you have tea tree essential oil in your tool kit, you may also want to include tea tree hydrosol. Tea tree hydrosol is a great mouthwash and can be used with tooth or gum infections. It also makes a great throat spray when we start to feel that “tickle” of a cold. A teaspoon of tea tree hydrosol can also be added to a glass of water to help with a UTI. Tea tree is one that I always travel with as I am prone to urinary tract infections. If I use it at the first sign of a UTI, I find it is amazing at lessening the symptoms! Hydrosols are safe for dogs and cats, but let them choose it. Do not chase them to spray them. Hold out the hydrosol or put it on a cloth and let the animal smell it. If she wants it she will let you know. She may rub up against it, or lick the air or her mouth. You will know. We created Bella's Skin and Fur Soother with hydrosols that are perfect for pets—and people, too! It is made with Rose Geranium Hydrosol, Rosehip Hydrosol, Geranium Flower Essence, and Helichrysum Flower Essence. It’s soothing for skin and fur alike, with a scent that is soothing calming, and can help with sadness. “I received this last year as a gift with purchase, but my girl didn't like being sprayed. It sat in my cupboard until this summer, when she got a bad case of flea bites and I'm not in a position to get her any medication. Her poor skin is all hot and pink, and she's getting some hives. I got this spray out at bedtime a couple of nights ago and sprayed her tummy and bum down, and she didn't mind a bit. She didn't scratch or lick all night. I decided to spray her the next night, and I saw a few fleas. The spray either killed them or slowed them down enough for me to remove and dispose of them, and she got another night of good sleep. I've used it enough nights now, I need to purchase a new bottle. I'm SO glad this is in stock regularly!” - Alisha 9/11/17 We offer a class especially on animals that you may be interested in attending. During the Applied Zoopharmacognosy Workshop, we’ll delve into the chemical signatures, plant morphology, and therapeutic and energetic aspects of essential oils and hydrosols as they apply to your pet (and you). Discover why one plant may be more effective for your pet than another, even though they have the same chemistry. Work with copper alembic stills as well as a glass still, and go home with handmade hydrosols. The distillation portion of the workshop will cover the importance of sterilization when distilling for hydrosols. Hydrosols can be used quite effectively to help us stay alert and focused. I always have my spray bottle of Mint Medley or Rosemary nearby. Try a spritz of hydrosol in the afternoon (when our energy and mental levels can begin to dip) instead of a cup of coffee. Or try both! You can put a teaspoon of Chocolate Mint essential water in your cup of coffee for a fabulous uplift and amazing flavor! After spending the day outdoors, there are some wonderful hydrosols that are not only cooling to the skin, but also therapeutically beneficial. Most people know and love Lavender, but did you know that Cucumber hydrosol can help reduce swelling and puffiness? Another wonderfully healing hydrosol is Comfrey. Comfrey helps the skin regenerate, bringing new cells to the surface to repair from UV damage. Finally, keep in mind that most hydrosols are extremely safe to use with children. We have written a blog post about our top picks for hydrosols that you may want to check out. They are highly therapeutic and possess many of the properties of essential oils in a very diluted form. They are quite valuable to have in any toolkit for our overall well being. A hydrosol is the “water” part of steam or hydro-distillation of a botanical. They have the same properties of essential oils, but are far less potent. But still quite powerful! Hydrosols can be used as cleaning agents on their own, or can be used in place of water in any cleaning agent recipe. When using hydrosols in a recipe, you may want to leave out or lessen the quantity of essential oil drops. We love to use them to refresh fabric on sofas and bedding. Choose an aroma you connect with energetically for a combination of deodorizing power and emotional support. Hydrosols make awesome window cleaners! Try using one… no streaks! Medicinal Uses of Hydrosols Hydrosols are one of the safest aromatic medicines to use in a medicinal manner. Here is an abridged list of what some common ailments that hydrosols are super effective for: - All skin conditions - Dry Eyes - Depression, Anxiety - Physical Pain - Yeast infections - Fibroid tumors - Hot Flashes - Insect control - Separation Anxiety - Car sickness - Household burns - A sore throat - Sleep apnea machine - Respiratory conditions (when nebulized) - Gum disease - Hot spots - Cuts and bruises - Sinus issues - Other therapeutic benefits when diffused with essential oils Certificate Course in Vibrational Aromatic Medicine Law of Vibration – States that anything that exists in our universe, whether seen or unseen, broken down into and analyzed in its purest and most basic form, consists of pure energy or light which resonates and exists as a vibratory frequency or pattern. Deepen your understanding of essential oil and aromatherapy applications to address the core issues and patterns that we hold in our psyche and cells that are detrimental to our way of being. This class delves way beyond just looking at the chemical components and the therapeutic benefits. It is the connection between the chemistry and the energy. Students develop meaningful ways to apply essential oils and extracts to address energetic and vibrational healing. You’ll learn how to use flower essences and hydrosols to stabilize the energetics of the body systems.

Last updated on June 18th, 2021 at 09:32 pm Instant Pot Chicken and Rice is a quick dish you can whip up in just 30 minutes! It is hearty and delicious, with a fresh zesty lemon flavor. Try it now! Pressure Cooker Chicken and Rice Instant Pot Chicken and Rice is creamy, moist, and savory! It is pure comfort food right up my alley. I love how the garlic flavor is played up in this dish. And it is a full meal already since you have carbs, protein, and fiber in one dish. Since it has rice, it will leave you feeling fuller for longer. Much like risotto, the grains are soft and pleasant to chew. But, unlike risotto, this recipe will not require you to stir for 30 minutes. Instead, you will only cook it for 30 minutes tops. Recipes as quick like this simply make home-cooking doable even for busy people! How to make Instant Pot Chicken and Rice - Sauté: Use the sauté function of the IP to cook the vegetables and aromatics in butter and oil. Add in the meat and herbs. Season with salt and pepper. Sauté for about 5 minutes. - Add the grains: Pour the broth and grains. Stir everything. - Add the aromatics: Cut a whole head of garlic crosswise, then put both halves with the cut-side facing the rest of the ingredients. Add the bay leaf and lemon, too. - Cook: Set to manual to cook for 10 minutes, then, do a quick pressure release afterward. Remove the garlic, bay leaf, and lemon once you open the lid. - Serve: Stir in the cheese and parsley. Then, garnish with more cheese and parsley before serving. How long do you cook chicken and rice in the Instant Pot? The actual cooking is about 20 minutes. But the pressure build-up will set you back by 5 minutes more. With another 5 minutes to allocate for preparation, the total time is only 30 minutes. What is the best rice to use for Instant Pot? Use long grains such as jasmine or basmati. You can also use brown rice, but you will need to cook it longer. Soaking it may help to lessen the time. Experiment on the cooking time and texture if you are going to use this kind. How to make fluffier rice? If you want to make them fluffy, rinse until the water runs clear to remove as much starch as possible. Otherwise, do not rinse the grains because if you want them sticky, you need to retain the starch. Can I add frozen veggies to it? Yes! You certainly can improve it by adding more fiber from frozen veggies like the following: Can you make chicken and rice in the crockpot? Yes! It takes longer, but the outcome is just as tasty! Refer to this post for the crockpot recipe. More delicious Instant Pot recipes How to store it: - Refrigerate: Transfer it into an airtight container and keep in the fridge for up to 3 days. - Freeze: Place it in a freezer-proof container and store for up to 3 months. - Before pressure-cooking, make sure to stir everything such that nothing sticks to the bottom that may cause an error in the IP. - I strongly recommend sautéing the veggies as it gives them a nice caramelization which enriches the flavors. - Follow these one-pan recipes for honey garlic and Italian variations. - If you do not have chicken thighs or breasts, it is okay to use tenders or wings, or just any cut that you have. Instant Pot Chicken and Rice - 2 tablespoons olive oil - 2 tablespoons unsalted butter - 1 medium onion (diced) - 1 large carrot (grated) - 1 cup celery (diced) - 4 cloves garlic (minced) - 1 1/2 lbs boneless skinless chicken breast or thighs (cut into 1-inch cubes) - 2 teaspoons sea salt (divided) - 1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper - 1/2 teaspoon Italian dried herbs - 1/2 teaspoon dried parsley - 4 cups low sodium chicken broth - 2 cups Jasmine rice (un-rinsed) - 1 head garlic unpeeled (cut in half crosswise) - 2 bay leaves - 1 lemon (halved) - 1/2 cup shredded parmesan cheese - 2 tablespoons parsley (finely chopped) - Click on Saute and adjust it to high heat. Once hot add butter, oil, and stir for the butter to melt. Add the chopped onion, grated carrots, celery, minced garlic, and salt. Stir occasionally and cook for 5 minutes, until softened. - Add the chicken, some salt and the ground black pepper, Italian dried herbs, and dried parsley. Cook, stirring occasionally for 5 minutes. - Add chicken broth and rice and stir to combine. - Cut the whole garlic head in half crosswise and add the garlic halves on top of the rice, cut-side down. - Add bay leaves and one half of the lemon. - Cover and lock the lid, set valve to sealed and cook on manual high pressure for 10 minutes then do a quick release. - Open the lid, discard garlic head, bay leaves, and lemon half. - Stir in 1/2 cup of shredded parmesan cheese and the fresh chopped parsley. - Serve topped with more cheese and garnish sprinkled with parsley.

Fungal infection is a disease that usually affects the skin, but can also affect other organs. It is caused by fungal organisms including molds, mildew, and yeast. Symptoms of fungal infection range from mild to severe. Mild symptoms include discoloration and swelling of the nail and surrounding areas; moist, reddened patches over various parts of the body; and a cheesy and smelly discharge from the vagina. Severe symptoms can disrupt normal organ functioning and require immediate medical attention. Fungal infections are more common and/or severe in people who use antibiotic medication for extended periods, or who use corticosteroids, immunosuppressant drugs (used to inhibit normal immune functioning), or contraceptives, as well as in people with conditions such as obesity, AIDS, and diabetes mellitus. People in the last category must seek proper medical treatment for their condition while simultaneously addressing the fungal infection itself. Eat an organic, whole foods diet with emphasis on raw foods. Minimize your intake of dairy products, and avoid foods high in yeast, such as beer and breads, as well as sugar of all kinds (including honey and fruit juices). It is important to not add further toxicity to your system so try to adhere to the following: - Do not consume any artificial sweeteners, such as Splenda, NutraSweet or Aspartame - Do not consume high fructose corn syrup or mono-sodium glutamate. - Do not drink any carbonated beverages. - Avoid all fast food restaurants. - Avoid all canned food. - Eliminate conventional dairy products. The best dairy products are raw, unpasteurised and homogenised dairy from grass fed cows. If this is unavailable, then buy organic dairy. - Avoid conventional beef. The best beef is organic grass fed beef. www.grasslandbeef.com/StoreFront.bok?affld=104400 The second best is organic meat; this includes beef, veal, lamb, chicken and turkey. The following supplements can help prevent and reverse fungal infections: acidophilus, Bifidobacteria, and L. bulgaricus; garlic capsules; vitamin A; B complex; pantothenic acid; vitamin C; vitamin E ;and zinc. Other useful supplements are essential fatty acids (black currant, evening primrose, and salmon oils), caprylic acid capsules, and grapefruit seed extract. - Take Vitamin D3 50,000-100,000 International Units a day for periods of 4 weeks at a time. - Wholefood supplements are the best way of ensuring your nutritional needs are met. The best we know on the market is Kevin Trudeau’s “KT Daily” product. You can find more details here kevintrudeaudailylifesessentials.com/ - Take an Omega 3 supplement: Prescription and non-prescription medication: What non-prescription and prescription drugs are you taking? Your non-prescription and prescription are partially the reason that you have this illness or disease – you need to get off these medications but do so only under the guidance of a licensed health care practitioner. We know that when the body is out of balance, energy doesn’t flow, leading blockages and eventually dis-ease. Here are some things you can do to combat stress and restore balance: - Go to a Dr Morter BEST (Bio-Energetic Synchronisation Technique) Practitioner. - Sign up for Energetic Re-Balancing: 2 practitioners to consider are: - Stephen Lewis, founder of the Aim Program. Find out more by clicking here. - . Find out more by clicking here. - Consider using Mary Millers Iching System Products – ichingsystemsinstruments.com - Reiki healing is very powerful in releasing stress and emotional baggage. Find a practitioner here. - Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) has had remarkable results in dissolving stress. Find a local practitioner here (link) or go to www.thetappingsolution.com orwww.tftrx.com - Try Hypnotherapy to relax the mind. Find a practitioner here. Natural cures for fungal infections: www.naturalnews.com/026470_skin_tinea_natural.html DIY remedies using baking soda: www.naturalnews.com/036059_home_remedies_baking_soda_natural_cures.html Traditional Chinese Medicine – Ancient Healing https://naturalcures.com/healthblog/traditional_chinese_ancient_healing.php The best way to cleansing and purification of the body https://naturalcures.com/recommends/ Mother Nature’s Natural Germ Fighters naturalhealthdossier.com/2012/03/mother-natures-natural-germ-fighters/ Heal Your Body and Raise Your Consciousness – Qigong (from August 2012 newsletter) Health Care that Won’t Cost You a Single Penny – EFT (June 2012 newsletter) Become Master of Your Mind – taking charge of your reaction to stress (Oct 2012 newsletter) Jump for Joy – Rebounding is a great stress busting workout (Oct 2012 newsletter) Hypnotherapy for stress management – why it is so effective www.naturalcures.com Ayuirveda home remedies and fungal infections: www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEQarpgWtY4 Healing the body meditation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFh-Km4AXeE&feature=related EFT for treating disease https://www.garythink.com/eft/physicial.html Lavender oil for fungal infections: www.naturalnews.com/033114_lavender_essential_oils_fungal_infections.html The Life Change Cookbook: Low-Carbohydrate Essentials for Conquering Fungal Infection by Beverly Thornhill Hunt Natural Alternatives to Antibiotics by John McKenna by Bernie S Siegel The Healing Power of Nature Foods: 50 Revitalizing Superfoods & Lifestyle Choices To Promote Vibrant Health by Susan Smith Jones Prescription for Nutritional Healing, Fifth Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food … A-To-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies) by Phyllis Balch Aromatherapy: A Complete Guide to the Healing Art by Kathi Keville and Mindi Green Detox and revitalize by Susana L. Belen Colloidal Silver: The Natural Antibiotic Alternative by Zane Baranowski The Secret Language of Your Body by Inna Segal The Healing Herbs: The Ultimate Guide to the Curative Power of Nature’s Medicines by Michael Castleman and Prevention Magazine 1,000 Indian Recipes (1,000 Recipes) by Neelam Batra; Food–Your Miracle Medicine by Jean Carper Topical Tea Tree oil, Desert Essence www.gaiaherbs.com (888) 917-8269 EFA, Evening Primrose Oil www.barleans.com (800) 445-3529 Garlic capsules, Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract www.kyolic.com (800) 421-2998 Grapefruit seed extract, NutriBiotic www.nutribiotic.com (800) 225-4345 Probiotics, Jarrowdophilus + FOS www.jarrow.com (310) 204-6936 Vitamin C, Truly Natural Vitamin C www.healthforce.com (800) 357-2717 B-Complex, Max Stress B Nano-Plex www.vpnutrition.com (877) 335-1509 www.organicpharmacy.org (800) 819-6742 Andrea Butje | Aromahead [email protected] – aromatherapy Carrie Vitt [email protected] – organic food recipes. David Spector-NSR/USA [email protected] – meditation, stress judith hoad [email protected] – herbalist. Kath May [email protected] – reiki, tai chi. Lillian Bridges [email protected] – Chinese medicine, living naturally. Monika [email protected] – aromatherapy. Rakesh [email protected] – Ayurvedic Practitioner.

- Mold Services - Areas Serviced - Contact Us Mold Remediation Ocean Acres New Jersey. Mold in your Ocean Acres home or business is extremely dangerous. You want to solve your mold problem and have peace of mind that your home or building is a safe healthy place for your family or employees. Many people will tell you that they can ‘handle mold’ but it takes an expert in the process to do it right and not create bigger problems. Mold remediation and mold removal is all about removing mold and mold spores from your property. Mold removal procedures can differ for each project and usually involves: containment of working area, disinfectant and anti-microbial misting, cleaning and treating of structural elements and application of patented polymer/silver ion sealer to prevent future mold growth. Our team takes a lot of pride in teaching you what you want to know about the process so you can make an educated decision. Some people don’t want to know any details and just want the peace of mind that your mold removal is handled properly. Going with a reputable company like NewJerseyMold.com is important. Mold Inspection Ocean Acres New Jersey. If you suspect a mold, mildew, or moisture problem. Our highly trained inspectors will happily come complete a mold inspection in Ocean Acres and do testing to help you determine if you have an mold issue or not. Do not wait! Each day that passes your problem could be getting exponentially worse. Mold inspection and testing are about investigating and finding all of the mold at your property. A visual inspection, hygrometers, and moisture meters– all used to help find mold that may be hidden. Air and surface samples are sent to 3rd party certified labs for analysis to identify mold species and determine spore counts after mold is discovered. Lab results will help to decide the correct course of action for remediation if above normal levels of mold are found. Crawl Space Mold Removal Ocean Acres New Jersey. Excessive moisture in crawlspaces can lead to wood rot and problems with air quality inside the home. Left unchecked, it is common for moisture and mold problems in crawlspaces to cause tens of thousands of dollars in damage. This damage is typically NOT covered under your homeowner’s insurance and can result in a large out-of-pocket expense. We offer crawl space inspections and will provide options for permanent solutions for controlling moisture issues in the crawl space under your home – and our work is guaranteed, so you can rest easy. Utilizing dehumidifiers and vapor barriers we can permanently reduce the humidity levels in the crawl space to prevent future mold growth from occuring. Ocean Acres NJ Basement Mold Removal Services. Do you have a musty smelling basement? There is no better place for mold to flourish than a moist, dark basement. If your home has a basement, odds are you have mold growth someplace possibly hidden in some corner not easily. Unfortunately, even a tiny mold infestation in the basement can lead to mold growth spreading, making it necessary to do a mold remediation in your Ocean Acres New Jersey home. The following are a few of the most common signs of a basement mold problem that deserves attention: ·A musty smell ·Water stains on concrete walls/drywall ·Condensation on walls or windows ·Efflorescence on concrete walls ·Humid air (relative humidity above 60%)

Medication doesn’t get much simpler than Mota’s highest quality derivatives with consistent, pure and precisely specified THC. Mota tinctures are infused with organic grape seed oil, containing 900 mg of THC (30mg/ml). This tincture has a cerebrally focused effect and is great for insomnia, stress and pain, appetite loss and arthritis. 30 MG/ML THC Simple and effective qualities we like in life and in cannabis medication. Medication doesn’t get much simpler than our highest quality derivatives with consistent, pure and precisely specified THC and/or CBD are what Mota tinctures deliver. Mota Sativa Tincture Girl Scout Cookies, or GSC, is an OG Kush and Durban Poison hybrid cross whose reputation grew too large to stay within the borders of its California homeland. With a sweet and earthy aroma, Girl Scout Cookies launches you to euphoria’s top floor where full-body relaxation meets a time-bending cerebral space. A little goes a long way with this hybrid, whose THC heights have won Girl Scout Cookies numerous Cannabis Cup awards. Patients needing a strong dose of relief, however, may look to GSC for severe pain, nausea, and appetite loss. There are several different phenotypes of the Girl Scout Cookies strain including Thin Mint and Platinum Cookies, which exhibit some variation in appearance and effect. Typically, however, Girl Scout Cookies expresses its beauty in twisting green calyxes wrapped in purple leaves and fiery orange hairs. Patients and consumers looking to cultivate this cannabis staple themselves should wait 9 to 10 weeks for their indoor plants to finish flowering. Mango Kush. Mangos and marijuana go together. The fruit is known to enhance the high for many people, and some cannabis strains are bred to evoke the fruit. The taste of Mango Kush, not surprisingly, is similar to mangos and Kush, with notes of pine. It smells of the tropics, sweet mangos, and bananas. THC can make up as much as 16% of this strain, while CBD is much lower, about 0.3%. That makes this a poor choice for treating conditions that respond to CBD, such as severe seizure disorders. Mango Kush is an indica-dominant hybrid (35:65 sativa/indica ratio) that can be used to treat nausea and vomiting, pain, insomnia, lack of appetite, and depression. The high is centered on the body, with deep relaxation, strong euphoria, and a general sedated feeling. Many patients find themselves talking and giggling more than usual while high on this strain. Dry mouth is a common concern, as are bloodshot eyes, but most other adverse effects are limited. While it’s most popular on the West Coast, Mango Kush can also be found on the legal medical markets in Arizona and Michigan. Sweet Skunk Shatter is made utilizing high quality Sweet Skunk cannabis grown in Canada. Sweet Skunk is linked to the infamous Skunk #1 strain and offers many of the same flavors and aromas as its parent. Sweet Skunk provides an energetic and creative head high and an overall relaxing body buzz making it a great daytime strain for those that suffer from pain or depression. Sweet Skunk Shatter can be enjoyed by itself in a dab rig or concentrate pen or it can be consumed within a joint or bowl mixed with your favorite dry cannabis. Master Kush is a popular indica cross but Hybrid strain created out of two landrace strains from different parts of the Hindu Kush region. Master Kush is bred by the Dutch White Label Seed Company, located in Amsterdam. During maturation the plant produces a subtle earthy, citrus smell with a hint of incense, which is often described as a vintage flavor. The taste of Master Kush is reminiscent of the famous hard-rubbed charas hash. This strain holds a superb balance of full-body relaxation without the mind-numbing effect that many indica strains produce. Instead, Master Kush offers a sharpened sensory awareness that can bring out the best of any activity.Rockstar Master Kush folds together veteran strains Master Kush, Sensi Star, and Afghani into one potent indica. With a pungently sweet and earthy aroma, Rockstar Master Kush melts away sleeplessness and tension, and may also be an effective treatment for neurological disorders. These are just like the two bite brownies that you find at gas stations, except better. These Cannabis Fudge Brownie Bites are moist, Vegan and medicated. Here at Hello Ganja we have asked our edibles artist to make something that tastes decadent, chocolaty and strong. You will have to constantly remind yourself that these are medicated so that you don’t over indulge! Our busy professionals throughly enjoy these on the go guilt free snacks as well as women who crave a chocolate fix and want to ease the ache of menstrual cramping at the same time. As with all edibles please have a small amount and see how it effects you, wait 60-90 minutes before consuming more. Available Flavors: Chocolate Fudge Ingredients: Brown Sugar, Potato Starch, Rice Flour, Cocoa Powder, Sweet Rice Flour, Baking Powder, Pea Protein Powder, Baking Soda, Icing Sugar, Cocoa, Soybean oil, Cannabis Infused Coconut Oil, Sea Salt Packaging: Depending on the volume of product ordered and the variety, we use a combination of twist top containers, sealed bags, and everything is always double vacuum sealed before being sent in the mail to ensure an odorless arrival Storage: Please store your Cannabis Fudge Brownie Bite in an air tight container in a cold and dry place such as the refrigerator, for maximum longevity Cannabis Fudge Brownie Bites

Healthy pumpkin chocolate chip muffins are the perfect low-sugar breakfast or fall snack! A welcome reprieve from sugar-laden treats, these low sugar healthy pumpkin muffins are sweetened with applesauce and maple syrup. They’re moist, flavorful, and filled with chocolate – what could be better?! Updated on September 23, 2021 Healthy Pumpkin Muffins & A Messy Kitchen I’m a baker at heart. I love creating a good batch of cookies or muffins, making a gigantic mess, and savoring the end result. The cleanup part? Not really my thing. That’s why I married a man who also happens to enjoy doing the dishes. Thanks, Rich. These healthy pumpkin chocolate chip muffins are my new favorite way to get the kitchen good and messy! It’s hands-down our favorite muffin recipe ever. What Makes These Pumpkin Chocolate Chip Muffins Healthy? Other healthy ingredients in these muffins include coconut oil, applesauce, maple syrup, and dark chocolate. You can even use whole wheat or freshly ground flour if you really want to up your game. These muffins are so good, in fact, that I’m planning to hoard as many cans of ALDI pure pumpkin as possible, so I can still make these after the holiday season is over. Sorry, pumpkin pie lovers. You better get to ALDI real quick. Tricks for Healthy, Low-Sugar Pumpkin Muffins The thing I like most about these muffins (aside from the fact that they’re melt-in-your-mouth moist and delicious), is that they are actually low in sugar. These muffins are perfectly sweet and moist thanks to my secret weapon: applesauce. Okay, it’s not so secret. But if I can have sweet muffins with less sugar that never get dry? I call it a win. First, I made a recipe for classic pumpkin chocolate chip muffins which were divine. Then, I started thinking – how can I make these muffins healthier without sacrificing the deliciousness factor? Most pumpkin muffin recipes call for 2 cups of sugar. (That’s a lot.) I decided to replace one cup of the sugar with one cup of applesauce. For the other cup, I used 1/2 cup maple syrup and 1/2 cup organic cane sugar. You could also easily use coconut sugar or sucanant instead of cane. Then, I reduced the amount of oil (since there’s extra moisture in the sweetneners I used) and subbed coconut oil for the typical canola. The result? Sheer perfection. Can These Muffins Be Made Gluten Free? Yes, they can! Simply sub your favorite gluten free flour. You could also try oat flour, or make your own oat flour by grinding oats in a high speed blender. Using Applesauce as a Sweetener in Muffins Applesauce is a wonderful substitute for sugar in muffins or any baked recipe that yields a soft finished result. However, if you’re looking for a crispy texture (such as a sugar cookie), applesauce doesn’t work. However, things like quick breads, cakes, and muffins are perfect candidates for using applesauce as a sweetener! Also, keep in mind that when subbing applesauce, you should reduce the liquid in your recipe by 1/4 in most recipes. The substitution ratio is equal, as well – one cup sugar for one cup applesauce. And, be sure to choose an unsweetened applesauce at the grocery store – you’re trying to avoid sugar, remember? Or, if you want to try your hand at applesauce-making, it couldn’t be easier! Here’s a simple recipe. For more tips on using applesauce instead of sugar, read this post. Another reason I love using applesauce in these healthy pumpkin chocolate chip muffins is that it enhances the fall flavor. Apples are a classic fall food that pairs perfectly with pumpkin and spices. Ahhhhh, autumn vibes. Other pumpkin recipes you might like: Healthy Pumpkin Chocolate Chip Muffins Recipe Tips - You can try using an extra cup of applesauce to replace the maple syrup and sugar. However, you may want to reduce the coconut oil to 1/4 cup. - You may also substitute 1 banana for the applesauce, or for the maple syrup/sugar. - It’s best to slightly undercook these muffins for best results. Leaving them *slightly* gooey up-levels these from “good muffins” to “best muffins ever.” Don’t leave them too gooey obviously – you want to make sure the eggs cook thoroughly. Use the toothpick test to check doneness. - I enjoy using Ghirardelli dark chocolate chips in this recipe. If you’re a purist, these Lily’s baking chips are sugar free and yummy. - To simplify the baking process, I love using a large 2 dozen muffin tray so I don’t have to wash multiple trays. It’s the perfect size for this recipe. Healthy pumpkin chocolate chip muffins are the perfect breakfast or snack! These low sugar muffins sweetened with applesauce are a nice alternative to sugar-laden holiday treats. - 4 eggs - 1 can pure pumpkin puree, 15 oz. - 1 cup applesauce, unsweetened - 1/2 cup coconut oil, melted - 1/2 cup maple syrup - 1/2 cup organic sugar (or coconut sugar) - 3 cups whole wheat or all purpose flour (like Wheat Montana) - 2 teaspoons baking soda - 1 teaspoon baking powder - 1 Tablespoon pumpkin pie spice - 1 teaspoon salt - 2 cups dark or semisweet chocolate chips - Preheat oven to 400 F. Grease muffin pan or add paper muffin liners. - Beat eggs, pumpkin, applesauce, maple syrup, sugar, and oil in a large bowl until smooth. - Mix flour, baking soda, baking powder, salt, and pumpkin pie spice. - Add flour mixture to pumpkin mixture and mix thoroughly, then fold in chocolate chips. - Fill muffin cups almost full with muffin batter. Bake at 400 F for 15-17 minutes. Check them a minute or two early to check for doneness - don't overcook. Cool for several minutes before enjoying. - Yield: 2 dozen muffins. These are even better the next day! Serving Size:1 muffin Amount Per Serving: Calories: 265Total Fat: 10gSaturated Fat: 7gTrans Fat: 0gUnsaturated Fat: 3gCholesterol: 31mgSodium: 238mgCarbohydrates: 41gFiber: 5gSugar: 18gProtein: 6g Please RATE this recipe & let us know what you think! And snap a photo & tag me on Instagram @healthychristianhome

Well, I admit it. I had no idea how good wings made in an air fryer could be. I figured, meh, air fryer wings… But, like my convection oven wings, they came out moist, tender, and with great crunchy skin! These wings make for the perfect quick lunch, which is why they’ve quickly become a standard dish around our house. I didn’t need any help with my wing addiction, these just made it worse! I recommend that you use a rub or seasoning that doesn’t contain sugar when you make air fryer wings. Now, you can certainly add a sweet rub after the wings are cooked, but that seasoning will tend to burn if you have it on the wings while they cook. Just good old salt is fine. The salt won’t overpower the wings and will let you add any sauce or seasoning later without having to worry about the tastes conflicting with each other. Also try my crispy convection oven wings. Air Fryer Wings - 6 large chicken wings flats and drumettes separated, tips discarded or saved to make stock - Your favorite wing seasoning avoid seasonings containing sugar - Your favorite wing sauce warmed, if refrigerated - Lightly spray the basket of your air fryer with non-stick spray. Preheat per manufacturer's recommendation. - Toss the wing flats and drumettes with the seasoning. - Add the wings to the basket (be careful it's hot!). If you have trouble fitting them without overlapping, stand the drumettes along the sides of the basket. - Cook at 360 F for 12 minutes. - Carefully flip the wings (rotate the drumettes if they are standing) and cook another 12 minutes again at 360 F. - Flip the wings one last time. Cook another 6 minutes at 400 F. - Remove and toss with your favorite wing sauce. Nutritional values are approximate.

Allergies, chronic sinusitis and other related medical complications are a prevalent in many parts of the world. Most of the frequent visits to medical practitioners can be linked to complications resulting from chronic sinusitis or chronic rhinosinusitis. Luckily, if you are suffering from sinus problems, there are chances that you will get the problem under control. It’s also easy these days to find an expert who can help diagnose the condition. Days are gone when traditional sinus surgery, where the surgeon had to remove tissue and bone was the only solution. These out-of-date surgery procedures led to the formation of scar tissue, sinus infections, persistent nose and inflammation. Today, it is easy to find a nose, ear and throat surgeon and specialist. Balloon sinuplasty is a breakthrough in the medical world and best option to treating sinusitis and allergies. Balloon sinuplasty or balloon sinus dilation (BSD) is a procedure that provides a patient with relief from chronic rhinosinusitis. The procedure also restores and preserves a patient’s normal sinus anatomy. Balloon sinus dilation is a basic endoscopic, catheter-based system that aids relief of sinusitis. This innovate sinusitis and allergy treatment involves the use of a flexible, small sinus balloon catheter to open blocked sinus passages, and then restores normal sinus functionality. Since the procedure was approved by FDA, it has set an excellent safety profile for people suffering from sinusitis and related conditions. With this in mind, patients who benefit from balloon sinuplasty include: - Patients with Blocked or Inflamed Sinuses If you have had a CT scan and shows problems with inflamed or blocked sinuses, don’t hesitate to opt for balloon sinus dilation. In most cases, chronic sinusitis occurs when the passageways in your nose and sinuses get inflamed and swollen even after treatment. This condition affects the way mucus normally drains making your nose stuffy. You will find it hard to breath and your eyes might get swollen. You will also experience reduced sense of taste and smell. Don’t fret at all if you notice any of these symptoms of chronic sinusitis. Book an appointment with a surgeon or specialist well-acquainted with the balloon sinuplasty procedure and receive the best treatment in the industry. - Patients with Chronic Sinonasal Symptoms for more than three months Chronic nasal congestion and hyposmia affect many people on a daily basis. However, many patients don’t know what diagnoses to consider. If you or a loved one has been experiencing such symptoms of a number of months now, worry not. Balloon sinus dilation is the best treatment to opt for. You may get a CT scan if you have severe symptoms that have lasted more than three months. CT scan will also help the surgeon know whether to undertake further tests or medical treatment. - Patients With Sinus Problems and have had Previous Sinus Surgery Sinus surgery is a key option for many people suffering from sinus infections, severe forms of sinus blockages or after previous sinus surgeries. The diseased tissue in your sinus can grow back and this will push you to go for more surgery to have your sinuses back working properly. To preserve your sinus tissue and avoid destructive access methods essential for Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), balloon sinus dilation is the best treatment option. The procedure will provide you with relief from rhinosinusitis. - Patients in need of On-going Management of Recurrent Acute Sinusitis Many patient suffering from recurrent sinusitis will opt for saline nasal sprays to help keep nasal passageways moist. Others will avoid air travel or maintain good sinus hygiene by drinking a lot of fluids. Fortunately, if you are going through a thorough management of recurrent acute sinusitis, balloon sinuplasty is an effective procedure to opt for. The procedure will help clear your passageways and relief you of sinusitis. - Patient Who Need Balloon Sinuplasty as a Complementary Procedure to FESS Balloon catheter dilation is a treatment option that continues to advance and it’s a useful addition to FESS. Many surgeons are using this procedure as their main way to enter the sinus passageways and solve many nasal related problems. Embracing balloon dilation will restore and preserve your sinus tissues with minimal damages to the mucous membrane. Techniques used for catheterization have provided many chronic sinusitis patients a means to seek help treat this problem. Balloon sinus dilation is a preferable treatment where delicate tissues are involved and it supersedes many other surgical procedures. In essence, it’s a great complementary procedure to FESS because it reduces tissue damage and any possible nasal complications. To Sum Up You should not have any reservations going for balloon sinuplasty. You will not only get relief of chronic sinusitis, but also be able to undertake daily chores efficiently, experience less bleeding and experience impeccable improvements. Significantly, through this procedure, you will have no tissue removal and the procedure can be undertaken even at your local health institutions. You just need to find a specialist or experienced surgeon to perform balloon sinus dilation.

Since Rosh Hashana’s tomorrow night I’m sharing a recipe for Apple Walnut Cake, which perfectly suits the holiday. Rosh Hashana is when we celebrate the Jewish New Year and we have the custom of symbolically dipping an apple into honey for a sweet new year. It’s one of the things I look forward to every year (it’s basically like eating caramel apples!) and I usually make some sort of riff on apples and honey for dessert, whether that’s honey cake (another tradition) or apple pie. This year, my dessert of choice is this Apple Walnut cake, which is moist, flavorful and utterly irresistible. I’ve made it countless times and never cease to tire of it- and neither does anyone else, judging by its always rapid consumption. So whether you make this cake as a breakfast treat, fall dessert, or as a way to welcome in the new year, be sure to try it out. And save me a piece. Happy new year! Yield: 1 cake This recipe has been in my family since forever, and I rediscovered it on Smitten Kitchen! Why I love this recipe: the cake itself is surprisingly moist and sturdy, with a mellow vanilla flavor, and a nice crunch from the walnuts. The cinnamon-sugar apple topping, which is incorporated into the batter twice, sinks slightly into the cake while baking, ensuring that no slice of cake is without a hefty portion of deliciously spiced apples. - 3 granny smith apples - 3 red delicious apples - 1 tablespoon cinnamon - 5 tablespoons sugar - 2 3/4 cups flour, sifted - 1 tablespoon baking powder - 1 teaspoon salt - 1 cup vegetable oil - 2 cups sugar - 1/4 cup orange juice - 2 1/2 teaspoons vanilla - 4 eggs - 1 cup walnuts, chopped, optional (some have the custom of omitting nuts on Rosh Hashana, in which case they can easily be left out) - Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Grease a tube pan. Peel, core and chop apples into chunks. Toss with cinnamon and sugar and set aside. - Stir together flour, baking powder and salt in a large mixing bowl. In a separate bowl, whisk together oil, orange juice, sugar and vanilla. - Mix wet ingredients into the dry ones, then add eggs, one at a time. Scrape down the bowl to ensure all ingredients are incorporated. - Add walnuts if using and mix to ensure that they are incorporated throughout the batter. - Pour half of batter into prepared pan. Spread half of apples over it. Pour the remaining batter over the apples and arrange the remaining apples on top. - Bake for about 1 1/2 hours, or until a tester comes out clean. Cool completely before running knife between cake and pan, and unmolding onto a platter. - Sprinkle with confectioner’s sugar.

Have amazing gourmet cookies delivered directly to your business, home, or any other location when you come to Cookie Galleria. Our bakery is proud to feature a vast array of amazing cookies, including the following selections: Almond Tea Cakes – When you are seeking a buttery cookie that features a rich almond flavor, this is the cookie for you. It’s great for holiday parties, as well as for anyone who is interested in classic flavors. Chocolate Crinkles – Are you searching for something special to give to the chocolate lover in your life? Our chocolate crinkles are perfect! These are moist, brownie-like cookies that are baked in powdered sugar. Sprinkle Explosion – It does not matter if you are 6 or 60, it is hard to resist a cookie with sprinkles. These selections are our version of an old-fashioned sugar cookie with a burst of sprinkles. We always have trouble keeping these delicious cookies in stock. This is only a small sample of the many great gourmet cookies in Atlanta we have to offer. In fact, our business has more than 80 great cookie varieties that we offer throughout the year. Check out our selection online and place an order with our bakery today.

Today I share an absolute family favourite, Chicken Parmigiana. This is one of our dinner staples that gets a lot of ‘ummmms’ while being eaten. The crispy and crunchy outside with the melted cheese is just drool worthy. For some reason, I had not made this for quite a while and have in recent months rediscovered this recipe and it has since become a regular in our family dinner rotation. Usually, chicken parmigiana will have some grated parmesean cheese when coating the crust but I skipped that part because I wanted to restrict the amount of cheese to just the top coating. Honestly, we all liked it just as much. For that amazing crust, I use Panko bread crumbs, they are the best to give that crunch when needed. It is a Japanese breadcrumb found in any supermarket or grocery store. They are dryer than regular breadcrumbs, they absorb less oil producing a crispy and crunchier crumb. I used chicken breast here that I cut it into the size and thickness that would best suit your preference. The chicken in this prep does not get dry and that is a big plus. For the tomato sauce topping, you can use a store bought marinara sauce or you can use a homemade one of that is what you prefer. This oven baked goodness with the tomato and cheese topping is simple to make and worth it. I usually serve this with some steamed veggies and couscous. Let’s get to the recipe For coating the chicken: Eggs- 2 large Chicken breast – 3 fillets cut according to size and thickness of personal preference Flour – ½ cup Panko bread crumbs -1 cup Salt and Pepper For the Topping: Marinara sauce -store bought or homemade/1 cup Cheese – tasty cheese (this is a type of cheddar cheese) - Line a baking tray with baking paper. Pre-heat the oven to 180 degrees C. - Pour oil in a pan and heat. - Before coating and crusting the chicken, season it with salt and pepper on both sides. - First coat the chicken in the flour (to which salt, pepper and some Italian herbs are added) - Then dunk the flour coated chicken in the egg which has been whisked and seasoned with salt and pepper. - Then coat generously with panko breadcrumbs (to which salt, pepper and Italian herbs have been added). - Then shallow fry the chicken, approximately 5-6 minutes on each side depending on the size and thickness. - Place them in the lined baking tray as they get done. - Generously pour the marinara sauce on top (this not only adds flavour to the finished product but also keeps the chicken moist), so ensure that the sauce covers most of the top surface. - Top with the cheese of your choice, I have used tasty cheese which is a type of Cheddar cheese. - Bake in the oven at 180 deg C for about 20-25 mins, till the cheese has beautifully melted and chicken cooked through and they are ready to eat.

Want to learn more about Watering Beaucarnea recurvata Get individual care schedule and reminders for your plant with our app Planta. Never kill a plant again! BEFORE YOU WATER All of the soil should be dry before watering again. If the soil still is moist you risk giving the plant too much water and it can rot. If the soil is moist - snooze this action, we will remind you again in 2 days. WATER OVER THE SOIL Pour water over the soil, using, for example, a watering can or put the plant directly under a tap Try to avoid getting water on the stems and leaves Continue adding water to the pot until it starts to run out from the drainage holes If you have a tray under the pot when watering, make sure you remove all the collected water afterwards - never let your plant sit in water If you watered under a tap make sure that water has stopped running out from the bottom before putting it back “The ponytail palm can handle drought way much better than too much water, so rather skip / snooze or water a bit less each time than too water it too much" — PLANTA TIP Fill the plant tray with water Make sure the soil is in contact with the water on the tray Wait for about 10 minutes Feel the soil to see if it absorbed enough water —> if the soil is moist throughout, remove any excess water from the tray If it’s still dry —> add more water to the tray Wait 20 more minutes before removing the excess Bottom watering will not wash away salts and other minerals from the soil, so make sure to also give water over the soil every now and then. Fill a bucket or any other vessel with lukewarm water Lower the whole pot down in the water, stop where the stem of the plant starts. Make sure all of the soil is under water The water will now start to bubble - wait until it stopped Lift the pot up and let the excess drain off Put the plant back in the cachepot or on the tray After 1 hour, check that the plant isn’t standing in water, if it is it might get overwatered and rot

There is a large market for batting gloves to prevent blisters, and there are a lot of similar products available. It can be difficult to decide which one to purchase because there are so many options to consider. Weï’ve taken care of all of your requirements and put together 10 top rated best batting gloves to prevent blisters that you can consider. These resources will not only do you good but will save you money as well. Our Top Picks At A Glance Here is a quick recap of our top 10 picks that lets you compare each phone with another and allow you to choose the best one. Top 10 Best Batting Gloves To Prevent Blisters You Should Go For In 2022 - Prevent blisters from forming: a soft gel pad prevents direct friction between the foot and the shoe, alleviates the pain of new shoes grinding the foot or walking for long periods, and prevents blisters. - Easy to use: the back of the product adopts an open design similar to a butterfly wing,No touch of adhesive is required when using,It is safer and more clean to use,There is no adhesive residue when the gel protects the bandage from falling off the skin.Notice: Please keep feet dry when use the flannel adhesive pads. - Clean and safe: blister treatment patches can be applied for blistering, more clean and safe to keep your injuries away from dust and dirt - Good adhesive: one stick on, good adhesive ensure the shoe blister protections keep in place for a long day of work. - Quantity: comes with totally 110 pieces pads in 10 sheets, each sheet contains 11 pieces in various shape, enough for you to use. - Cushioned protection helps prevent blisters - Waterproof - sticks even after sweating - Flexes and stretches with your body - Use with: Footwear, Tools and Sports - Size: 1 in x 180 in (5 yd) - Apply before you put on shoes, to help prevent blisters and raw skin caused by rubbing - Use daily for effective and long lasting protection of toes and feet, even in demanding conditions - Infused with Vitamin A and C to help soften skin and restore dry, chapped, and chafed feet. Helps minimize inflammation - Keeps pores clog free. Sweat escapes and lets skin breathe. Footwear safe - Made with allergen free, plant-derived ingredients. Vegan approved, never tested on animals. Child safe - SOFT & COMFORTABLE GEL MATERIAL - High Quality Grade A Gel , Designed Ultra-Light and Thin, like a pillow of comfort. Designed to Fit Like Your Secure Second-Skin, Waterproof. - PROVIDES INSTANT RELIEF - Gel Bandages Help Cushion and Protect Skin From Rubbing and Pressure. Bandages Protect From Additional Scraping And Bruising By Providing a Thick, Protective Coating. Protects Sore Bunions, Blisters, Rubbing. - DESIGNED FOR YOU: When You Get Some New Shoes that were Rubbing the Back of Your Foot, You Can Put One of Blister Cushion on The Sore Spot. It Kept The Back of Your Foot From Getting a Blister There. It Perfect For New Shoes, High-Heels, Boots, Hiking Shoes, Sports Shoes and Flats. - COMFORTABLE AND LONG-LASTING. - Multi-purpose Bandage is Suitable for Various Areas of The Body, Including Heel, Finger, Ankle and Toe; Fits Sweaty Toes Or Use in Swimming and Showering. Or You Can Stick It To Inner Side of Your Shoe - What you get- 18pcs Gel Blister cushion (3 size) + Our worry-free 18-month post-sale service. ✔NOTE: Please Do Not Directly Put Pad on Broken Blister! - ✶SOOTHING, LONG-LASTING BLISTER PROTECTION – 2Toms Skin-on-Skin prevents and protects against blisters, hot spots, chafing, minor dermal abrasions, friction, scrapes, rashes, cuts and burns, stings and insect bites, raw spots, rubbing, skin irritations, hand tears, poison ivy, etc. - ✶HYDRATES & SOFTENS SKIN INSTANTLY – These blister pads Incorporate advanced hydrogel made of pure water to provide long-lasting skin protection and resistance. Not meant to be used on broken skin or wounds. - ✶SOFT, MOIST CUSHIONS – Skin-on-Skin pads contain durable micro-mesh for long-lasting support. The hydrogel alleviates pain and aids in the healing process on contact. Designed for single-use only. - ✶HYPOALLERGENIC & LATEX-FREE - ✶MADE IN U.S.A. - TREAT & PREVENT BLISTERS: Our large assorted pack of bandage patches is perfect for any active person. Like moleskin for feet protection, our bandage kit protects and prevents any blister. But our blister gel guard bandages do something extra: they treat the blister while you wear it. - WATERPROOF PROTECTION: Once you apply a heel or toe bandage from our variety pack, the blister is protected from water, germs, sweat, and additional friction, even during the sweatiest hike or dance class. - ULTRA-STICKY: Our customers have the best results applying the hydrocolloid bandage patches to clean, dry skin. The toe bandages are very sticky, and stay where you want them until they're done absorbing moisture from the blister. - PERFECT FOR DAILY WEAR: Use these blister pad bandages as heel blister protectors. To mitigate blisters in business meetings or on the golf course, apply our blister kit to hot spots before you leave the house. Blisters are prevented before they can start! - GET BACK TO IT GUARANTEE: Your results are our top priority. It's part of who we are as physicians. So if your flexible blister pads purchase doesn't help you get back to doing what you love, we'll find something that will or we'll give you your money back. That's our promise to help you Get Back to the Original You. - PREVENT GOLF BLISTERS - Introducing the world's first Thumb and Finger sleeves for golf to help reduce blisters and chafing from long days on the 18 or driving range. Nothing is worse than hitting a bucket of balls before a round of golf and feeling that dreaded skin tear. Finger Caddies are a TOTAL GAME CHANGER! They will give you the durability to maintain a perfect swing no matter how much play. - USE ON THUMBS AND FINGERS - NUBs can be used on any finger or thumb to cover those frequent problem areas. They are easy to slip on and they stay on for an entire day. You can finally be DONE with sticky golf tape that gets sweaty and comes off mid-round and leaves sticky goo on your clubs! - ULTIMATE COMFORT - Blissfully comfortable and flexible, our finger sleeves are made from soft material that you won’t even notice wearing. They work GREAT to PREVENT blisters and can also be used as a pain-free bandage to cover existing blisters. We all know how painful blisters can affect your swing. Not anymore! - MINIMAL FEEL, MAXIMUM PROTECTION - The sleeves completely stay out of your way, you won’t feel them on your grip at all. The material used is completely breathable and absorbs your sweat so you maintain a strong comfortable grip. - REPLACE GOLF GLOVES - Can be worn underneath your golf gloves or can completely eliminate the need for a golf glove all together by protecting JUST the target problem areas. They are small and discrete and take up virtually no space in your golf bag. *Be sure to check out our Nubs Sack (sold separately) that holds your Finger Caddies and clips right to your bag! - Safe Food Handling Depends On A Properly-gloved Staff. Made Of Thick Vinyl, These Gloves Are A Great Way To Keep Your Staff In Compliance With Health Code Regulations At All Times. Perfect For Everything From Food Handling And Preparation, To Janitorial And Housekeeping Applications, These Gloves Are Versatile And Convenient In Any Setting! - Thanks To Their Powder-free, Latex-free Design, These Gloves Are Perfect For Environments Where Latex And Other Allergens May Be A Concern. Flexible And Resilient, These Gloves Offer A Consistent Fit You Can Depend On! For Added Convenience, They Are Also Disposable So You Can Easily Throw Them Away After Each Use To Keep Your Work Environment Both Clean And Organized. - Providing The Right Size Gloves For Each Of Your Staff Members Is A Key Component To Safe Food Handling. Gloves That Are Too Large May Fall Off And Gloves That Are Too Small Are More Susceptible To Rips And Tears. With A Variety Of Sizes To Choose From, Care Plus Products Has Something For Everyone! - Designed For Delis, Sandwich Shops, Concession Stands, And Any Commercial Kitchen, With Their Ambidextrous Design, These Gloves Will Fit Either Hand For Fast, Efficient Gloving. The Perforated Box Allows For Easy And Sanitary One-at-a-time Glove Dispensing. - Perfect For Light-duty Tasks Ideal For Tasks That Require Constant Glove Changing Within Your Food Service Operation, These Gloves Are Perfect For Tossing Salads And Making Ready-to-order Sandwiches. The Powder-free Poly Material Is Easy To Slip On And Off And The Comfortable Fit Doesn't Get In The Way Of Your Tasks. They're Also 100% Latex-free. - Hydrocolloid Gel adhesive bandages cushion and protect blisters - Reduces rubbing, friction, and helps relieve pain - Great For long-lasting, multi-day use and blister protection - Ideal for use on heels, bandages are designed to flex and bend with your foot - Includes five 1.65" X 2.67" Hydrocolloid Gel blister cushion self-adhesive bandages - Advanced blister care: One pack includes 4 medium, 4 small, and 2 toe hydrocolloid patches; Great for blisters on hands, fingers, feet, heels and toes; Unlike ordinary bandages, Compeed active gel pads offer superior performance and improved comfort - Instant pain relief: Provides 10X more pain relief than ordinary bandages; Relieves rubbing, pressure and friction caused by new shoes, high heels, sweaty socks, walking, hiking or running long distances - Faster healing: Heals 20 percent faster than ordinary bandages; Compeed blister pads act like a second skin, creating a moist healing environment while protecting blisters from dirt, water, germs and bacteria, helping blisters heal naturally - Long lasting protection: Stays in place 50 percent longer than ordinary bandages, even after showers and exercise; Compeed blister cushions are form fitting, waterproof, hypoallergenic and breathable, and help prevent and protect hot spots and blisters - Discover the Compeed Advantage: Try Compeed, which has one of the highest user satisfaction in blister care, and see how it compares to other products you use to prevent and treat painful blisters Things To Consider Before Buying The Best Batting Gloves To Prevent Blisters Not every batting gloves to prevent blisters comes with the same specifications & price. So, you should choose the one that will serve your purpose and save your wallet. In order to choose the best product for you, itï’s important to understand your needs. You need to know what you need and what your goals are. Once you know these things, itï’s easier to find a product that meets those needs. The second thing to consider is what type of product you want. Do you want a product thatï’s easy to use, or do you want something thatï’s more complex? Do you want something small or something large? These are all important considerations when it comes to finding the right product for your needs. The third thing to consider is what type of price range are you willing to pay for the product. Are you willing to spend a little bit more than others, or are you willing to spend more than necessary? This is another important consideration when it comes to finding the right product for your needs. There are many benefits to a specific product. You can find a list of benefits on the productï’s website. But there are also many products that have unique benefits that you donï’t find on other products. For example, some products have antioxidants that help reduce the risk of cancer. Other products have ingredients that help improve sleep quality or improve cognitive function. We choose our batting gloves to prevent blisters based on these characteristics. Is it the end of our procedure? No way. The most crucial thing you should know about us is that we constantly update our website to ensure that you have access to up-to-date and relevant information. We have a last layer of filtration because reader pleasure is our top goal. And you, the reader, are part of that group. Please let us know if any of the batting gloves to prevent blisters listed here are incorrect, irrelevant, or simply outdated. Your suggestions are always appreciated, and we’ll do our best to update our list as soon as possible.

Resource Library Search Type any text into the search box. Narrow your search using the dropdown boxes or the filters in the sidebar. If there are no results, try using fewer filters or broder dropdown options. Status of Indigenous Tree Species Regeneration under Exotic Plantations in Belete Forest, South West Ethiopia This study assesses the diversity and density of naturally regenerated woody species under the canopies of exotic plantations adjacent to natural forests in a moist montane forest type in Southwest Ethiopia. Open access copy available

Moist, fluffy Vegan Pumpkin Muffins packed with an entire can of pumpkin! Easy to make, perfectly sweet, and so delicious with coffee. Truly the best! Could there be a more delightful sight than a luscious batch of splendidly spiced pumpkin muffins? Well...only if they're the best pumpkin muffins ever. And these so are! Now I originally set my sites on making pumpkin bread, not muffins. But after testing a couple batches, we couldn't get it just right. No one wants to bake a loaf for an hour an a half, now do they? Here we are today with THE best ever vegan pumpkin muffins in all the land! How to make vegan pumpkin muffins - Whisk together flour, sugar, spices, baking soda and salt. - Add in pumpkin, non-dairy milk, and avocado oil. - Stir just until combined. Spoon into a greased muffin tin and bake for 23 minutes. Dig in! Key Ingredients and substitutions - Whole wheat pastry flour: because it's so fluffy! You could also use all purpose flour or a 1:1 gluten-free all purpose flour, if you fancy. - Pumpkin: we're using an entire can of pumpkin puree for epic moistness and full out pumpkin flavor. Who wants a half cup of leftover pumpkin, anyway? - Organic cane sugar: the one and only. I haven't tried it, but I'd guess that coconut sugar would work, although they won't be as orange. I used a cup for classic pumpkin muffin goodness, but you can cut it down if you're in the market for less sweet muffins. - Almond milk: I used unsweetened vanilla almond milk, but any milk (cow's, soy, etc) will do. - Oil: I used avocado oil, but melted coconut will work as well. - Spices: ohhhh, spices galore! I used more cinnamon than most recipes call for and I think they're simply perfect. Tips for success - Use the right flour: You want whole wheat pastry flour (which keeps these whole grain but also fluffy versus dense whole wheat flour). You could also do half whole wheat flour and half all purpose or 100% all purpose. - Don't over-mix: This is a thick batter. Over-mixing over develops the gluten and will make the muffins dense. - Let muffins rest: A good 30 minute rest post bake helps the flavors come through! Can I make these gluten free? Yes! Readers have had great success with all purpose gluten free flour. These will not work with almond flour or coconut flour! How to store leftovers These muffins can be left on the counter for up to three days in an air tight container. After that, you can keep leftovers in the fridge for up to a week. Can you freeze muffins? To freeze, place cooled muffins in a freezer bag in an even layer. They will stay fresh for up to three months. You can thaw them on the counter when you’re ready to eat or microwave them individually! Baking these muffins at 400F helps keep them nice and fluffy. Below are some more of my go-to supplies for magnificent muffins. - This muffin tin is my favorite. There won't be a crumb left behind! - This one is fab if you want a lid for transporting. - Muffin scoop! For perfect portioning, every time. Craving more delicious muffins? - Healthy Zucchini Muffins - Vegan Blueberry Banana Muffins - Fluffy Vegan Lemon Blueberry Muffins - Vegan Chocolate Zucchini Muffins - One Bowl Chocolate Banana Muffins Please let me know how this Vegan Pumpkin Muffins recipe turns out for you by leaving a star rating and/or comment! I absolutely love hearing your feedback.Print Super moist and fluffy Vegan Pumpkin Muffins packed with an entire can of pumpkin! Perfectly sweet and terrific with coffee. Delicious topped with Healthy Cream Cheese Frosting! - 1 ¾ cups whole wheat pastry flour (can sub all purpose) - 1 cup organic cane sugar (use ¾ cup for less sweet muffins) - 2 tsp cinnamon - ½ tsp ground ginger - ½ tsp nutmeg - ¼ tsp cloves - ¼ tsp allspice - 1 tsp baking soda - ½ tsp fine sea salt - 1-15 oz can pumpkin puree - ½ cup non-dairy milk - ¼ cup avocado oil or coconut oil, melted - Preheat oven to 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Grease a muffin tin. - In a large bowl, whisk together flour, sugar, spices, baking soda, and salt. - In a medium bowl, whisk together pumpkin, milk, and oil. Pour wet ingredients into dry ingredients and mix with a rubber spatula just until combined, being careful not to over-mix. The batter will be thick. - Spoon batter into muffin tin, filling almost to the top. Bake for about 23 minutes, or until a toothpick or knife comes out clean. Remove from oven and cool on a cooling rack. See post for notes on gluten free. STORE: Store in an air-tight container on the counter for a up to 4 days or in the refrigerator/freezer for longer. Keywords: vegan pumpkin muffins

By Chef Judi Gallagher First, in full disclosure, the Upper West Side of Manhattan is like home. I grew up in Connecticut, jokingly called a suburb of New York. My relatives came from Westchester, Manhattan, New Rochelle and Yonkers. Thus, Zabar’s, that amazing store of smoked salmon cases, pickled herring, barrels of fresh roasted coffee and cinnamon Danish, could be my corner market. I feel at home when I pass H & H Bagels, and yes, contrary to some whispering concerns, the bagels are still as good as ever. As my career and food critic credentials began to ascend, I confess to living the life that includes stays at Pierre Hotel, Gramercy Tavern dinners (still one of my favorites), breakfasts at the Four Seasons, and dinners at Del Posto, Scarpetta and Shun Lee on the East side. On a recent trip I had a mission – enjoy New York City on the cheap; well, let’s call it New York on the less expensive. Less money does not mean any less of the unique culinary experience that is so characteristic of New York City. So, I am proud and confident to share. Where to Stay: OTA (On the Avenue, Broadway at W77th) is a moderately priced hotel that is ideally located and the concierge service is outstanding. Day One. When you are budgeting meals for my New York On The Cheap plan, make sure you put aside $4.00 each day for a chocolate chip walnut cookie from Levian Bakery, 167 West 74th Street. You’ve found it when you see a long line outside a tiny bakery located below street level. The cookies here are jumbo warm gifts from heaven. Ok, forget what I said about putting aside $4 and spend double that for two cookies. Eat them right away while they are still warm and oozing chocolate. The Jewish deli experience. For the price of one pastrami sandwich at the touristy Carnegie Deli, you can score a bowl of matzah ball soup with noodles, Diet Dr. Brown Cream Soda, a half pastrami on rye with a full bowl of pickles and a complimentary side of coleslaw at Fine & Shapiro’s Kosher Deli, 138 W. 72nd Street. No waiting, lovely service. After a long walk through Central Park, I head back to the Upper West Side for a simply delightful supper at the Hummus Place. This is a little neighborhood spot (with several other locations around the city). The Hummus with Tahini is certainly enough for two to share. You can order several different appetizers for $3.00 each. Go for the eggplant, the sauce is amazing. Then try the crunchy Israeli salad and an iced tea. You’ll spend about $22.00 before tip. Confession. I went back to Levian Bakery, since it was on the way (proud to say I got there just before closing) and bought yet another cookie. Total cookie expenditures for first day is now $12.00.) Day Two: Walk to H and H Bagels for a fresh poppy seed bagel and a container of scallion cream cheese. Next up, the Zabar’s experience. Two slices of thinly cut smoked salmon from the grumpy smoked salmon slicer just like I remember. I sat on a park bench on Broadway, eating my bagel with smeared face, in the middle of NYC traffic. Zen moment – I am one with the universe. After an excursion to Filene’s Basement to adhere to penny-pinching theme (no Bergdorf’s this trip), I scored two summer dresses for the price of one. Off I went for another power walk (free of charge) and watched the street musicians in the park and savored the thought of lunch at Union Square Café. I think the way to do the best New York restaurants is to plan the big meal at lunch. Union Square is a hopping place. Check out the green market before meandering over for exquisite chicken pillard with crispy vegetable salad. With an iced tea and an order of orange pound cake with ricotta cream, it’s my highest check yet, but that’s because I bought two ladies lunching to my right a dessert. Strangers for nearly a New York minute, these two were the consummate “ladies who lunch” routinely everywhere in Manhattan. It was a delight to have them observe my fascination as I continued to dive into the moist citrus cake with culinary lust. Total bill including cappuccino is $52.00 without tip, but I saved 12 bucks by not buying chocolate chip cookies that day. Follow me next month as I continue taking my bite out of the Big Apple without a bite out of my wallet: Coming up in June: • What nights to dine for the best deals • Dim Sum delights for a steal of a meal • New York’s finest chocolates fit my budget # # #

How do you keep banana bread fresh after baking? Never store it in the refrigerator. A refrigerator circulates cool air, which removes moisture and can prematurely dry breads and cakes. Place your cooled loaf on a plate and cover it in plastic wrap, or store it in an airtight container. Store it for up to four days on your counter. How long should banana bread cool before wrapping? Take the bread out of the oven and let it cool for about ten minutes. Then, run a butter knife around the edges of the pan. Tip the pan upside down and let the bread slide slowly onto a large plate. Cool the bread completely. Does banana bread need to rest after cooking? Banana bread is simple to make, but proper cooling is important, because the bananas caramelize and become sticky during the cooking process. As a result, the bread can be difficult to remove from the pan. Bread that is cooled too long or not long enough may emerge in pieces instead of smooth, lovely loaves. Do you need to wrap banana bread? If you plan to keep it longer… When stored properly, frozen banana bread will keep for about three months. Cool the bread completely. No matter how you plan to store your banana bread, this is an important step. Wrap the bread tightly in plastic wrap. Can I cover banana bread with foil? Bake at 350°F for 55 to 60 minutes for one pan or 45 to 55 minutes for two pans. The bread is done when a wooden toothpick inserted near the center comes out clean. To prevent overbrowning, cover bread loosely with foil the last 15 minutes of baking. Can you wrap banana bread when it’s warm? After baking your banana bread, it is important to wrap it well in order to help keep it fresh. Always let your banana bread cool completely before wrapping it. … You do not want to wrap a warm bread as the heat will be trapped, creating moisture on the outside of the bread which can lead to a soggy loaf. Should you cover bread after baking? for bread that has just been baked, I always leave it out, completely uncovered, at room temperature on the first day of baking. The crust on freshly baked bread will remain at its best texture for at least one day, if not two full days. Should you wrap bread after baking? 3. Wrap Your Bread in Foil or Plastic. Storing your bread on the countertop in a plastic bag or wrapped in foil will help keep it from going stale, but be warned: the crust will suffer due to trapped moisture. (Toasting the bread will bring some of the crust’s crunchy texture back.) How long should bread cool after baking? It’s important to allow bread to cool all the way, or until it’s just barely warm, to complete the cooking process before cutting. Rolls will take only about 20 minutes to cool. Bread baked in a loaf pan can take as long as 1 hour and a large free-form loaf can take as long as 1 1/2 hours to cool. How do you keep banana bread moist? All the bread needs is to be tightly wrapped in plastic film or between two paper towels in an airtight container (via Baking Kneads). The wrap will help keep moisture in the bread while the paper towels will help absorb any moisture that leaks out. Why is my banana bread too moist? Moisture is key when it comes to banana bread, and the ratio of flour to banana makes all the difference. If you use too much flour, you’ll end up with dry bread. If you don’t use enough, your bread will be too wet. … The scoop straight out of the bag method could be packing way too much flour into your measuring cup. Why is my banana bread gummy? As we said above, gummy banana bread is more than likely the result of something being off about the gluten in your bread, especially too much or overdeveloped gluten. … It is actually the process of mixing, or kneading, that causes the formation of gluten in all types of bread. How do you make banana bread crispy? How to Store Banana Bread - Cool the bread completely. When we say “completely,” we mean it. … - Place a paper towel in the bottom of an airtight storage container OR in an airtight bag. … - Cover the bread with another paper towel. … - Seal. … - After four days, throw the bread away or freeze whatever’s left. Why is my banana bread sticky on top? Often, if you make banana bread and cut into it only to find a gooey, underbaked center, that’s the reason. It’s thanks to those bananas not having enough time. It’s best to begin checking your banana bread sooner rather than later, but don’t pull it out of the oven until you’ve checked that it’s fully baked.

Many people like to add walnuts to food to add some zest and a little crunchy kick, but walnuts are much more than a flavor additive, as they are chock full of healthy properties and have been used in Asia as an overall health tonic and brain booster for years. Let’s take a nutty look at walnuts. Walnuts, otherwise known as Hu Tao Ren in Chinese medicine, are used as a kind of herbal remedy. In Chinese medicine, they look at the quality, temperature, flavor and color of a food to uncover certain elements that are beneficial to those who need to balance those qualities in their body. For example, the walnut is classified as “warming”. Warming foods tend to improve circulation and raise what is known as the yang qi. The yang is what is energetic, bright, outward, hot and moving (as opposed to yin, which is more inward, dark, still, cool and moist). Warming food is used in cold conditions; for example, if your stomach is cold from an overabundance of cool foods, you may have some digestive issues like gas and bloating due to slower digestion. In addition, the walnut is lubricating, moist and a bit greasy. This quality is helpful for lubricating the intestines and helping digestion and constipation. In Chinese medicine, the element of the food goes to certain organs and is beneficial for them; walnuts are said to benefit the lungs, large intestine and the kidneys specifically. Walnuts strengthen the lungs to help chronic cough, asthma and skin conditions (which are connected to the lung, according the Chinese medical principles). Walnuts also are a kidney tonic and help urination; in addition, kidneys are said to influence libido, fertility, the back and knees and the aging process. Walnuts have been used to help libido and fertility, a 2012 study in Asia showed males who consumed walnuts had improved sperm quality. In addition, walnuts are used for insomnia. They help raise serotonin levels, which promote feelings of well being and help people sleep better. Finally, in looking at food as medicine, foods that resemble a body part often treat that organ. What does the walnut resemble? Two lobes of the brain, the left and right hemisphere. It is commonly known that walnuts are an excellent brain food. Walnuts have been shown to have high levels of Omega-3, which is an essential fatty acid that helps brain and heart function. Walnuts are anti-inflammatory, have antioxidants and recent research has shown they may have anti-cancer properties and help diabetes due to beneficial fats. In addition, they have vitamin E, a powerful antioxidant, minerals and B vitamins. Walnuts help digestion and give a feeling of being full, so they aid in weight loss. It should be noted that in Chinese medicine, most food recommended for health is used in a formula that is unique for you and an overall treatment plan is created. Walnuts are not a panacea for health care, and it’s best not to self-diagnose; instead, visit an acupuncture provider to get a thorough diagnosis and a balanced formula right for you. Walnuts are not recommended in cases of fever, diarrhea or allergic reaction to nuts. If you are generally healthy and want a nice tonic, add a nice handful of nuts to not only perk up your food but also your body.

Pollen analysis and nine radiocarbon dates of an 853-cm core from historically drained Tulare Lake, south-central California are reported prior to 7000 yr B.P., the vegetation of the southern San Joaquin Valley (central California) resembled that of the contemporary Great Basin, including abundant greasewood (Sarcobatus), which currently does not occur west of the Sierra Nevada. The early-Holocene pollen assemblage is dominated by Cupressaceae (>40%), Pinus (>20%), Quercus (5-20%), Artemisia (> 15%), and Sarcobatus (>5%), suggesting pinyon-juniper-oak woodland in the uplands, with greasewood on the saltflats near the lake. Giant sequoia was widespread along the Sierra Nevada streams draining into Tulare Lake, prior to 9000 yr B.P. as Sequoiadendron pollen is greater than 4%. The pollen assemblages before 18,500 yr B.P. are similar to those of the early Holocene (Cupressaceae, Artemisia, and Sarcobatus), but a gap in sedimentation from ca. 18,500-10,500 yr B.P. prohibits characterization of full-glacial vegetation. The end of Great Basin-like pollen assemblages 7000 yr B.P. (demise of Sarcobatus) coincides with increased frequency of charcoal; i.e., greater fire frequency in the Holocene woodland and grassland. From 7000-4000 yr B.P. the pollen assemblage is dominated by Other Compositae and Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus pollen, suggesting expansion of xerophytic steppe at the expense of oak woodland. Higher percentages of littoral pollen (Cyperaceae, Typha-Sparganium) and lower percentages of pelagic algae (Botryococcus + Pediastrum) during the middle Holocene indicate lake levels generally lower than during the early Holocene. The late Holocene begins with a cold-wet period 3500-2500 yr B.P. followed by progressive drying of the lake. Climate estimates based on modem pollen analogs confirm the climate implications of the vegetation and lake history. Early Holocene climate was cold and wet, and maximum Holocene temperature and drought occurred between 7000 and 4000 yr B.P. Cool-moist climate from 4000 to 2000 yr B.P. is followed by a return to aridity and high temperature ca. 1000 yr B.P. - Climate change ASJC Scopus subject areas - Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

To those that know me, the idea of me taking part in a wellness retreat is probably laughable. I’m not an early riser, I never mastered the art of meditation, and I don’t even own a pair of yoga pants. It may come as a surprise then, that when I flew to Mallorca late last year for the Traverse travel blogging conference, I jumped at the chance to attend a mini wellness retreat in Mallorca, or a Vegan Gastronomic Experience with Ecological Wines, to give it its proper name. The company offering it are called Tramuntia, and they offer two experiences to those who are visiting Mallorca in need of some rest and relaxation – the half-day experience that I was lucky enough to be invited to, as well as a 2-day wellness retreat which combines vegan gastronomy with trekking, yoga and mindfulness sessions. Both experiences are aimed at disconnecting you from the ‘real world’ and allowing you some quality breathing time to unwind and enjoy nature. Both experiences take place at the same location – the Son Mesquida Vell Agrotourism Hotel* – with the same hosts, similar foods and exactly the same purpose, and so while this article will mainly focus on the half-day gastronomic experience, I will also include everything you need to know about the weekend experience. So, if you’re looking for a fantastic wellness retreat in Mallorca away from the hustle and bustle of Palma de Mallorca, just keep reading until the end! A Blissful Vegan Wellness Retreat in Mallorca What is Tramuntia? The company offering these two experiences is called Tramuntia, a passion project that launched in 2020 – potentially the worst time ever to launch a tourism business! The mastermind of the entire project is Miguel, who is also the chef and host of the whole experience. He wanted to show people that you don’t need meat or fish to create a flavourful meal, and his business is based on the two core principles of leading a slow life and enjoying slow travel. Miguel wants you to connect with nature, disconnect from routine and dedicate time to enjoying each moment and listening to your body while he cooks up phenomenal vegan feasts that even the biggest steak-lover won’t be able to refuse! The Gastronomic Experience – Sampling Delicious Vegan Food in Mallorca The Tramuntia experience that my fellow bloggers and I took part in was the one day Vegan Gastronomic Experience with Ecological Wines. We met at about 10:30am and were whisked away from Palma de Mallorca to the venue, the Son Mesquida Vell agrotourism hotel and farm, which is about an hour’s drive from Palma. Waiting to greet us were the Tramuntia team – Chef Miguel, sommelier Fernando and Alex, who is in charge of marketing. We also had the pleasure of getting to know the super friendly resident cats, who lapped up the attention from us all. We began with a short walk around the grounds, with the men animatedly telling us all about what Tramuntia stands for, stressing the importance of slow travel and living a slow life. It was obvious from the get go that all three are super passionate about what they do, and that this one-day experience is about so much more than the food for them – it is about sharing a way of life. We were able to have a peek inside the onsite church (a sign that the original owners of the property had immense wealth!) and stroll around the back of the venue to enjoy the sweeping mountain views, but unfortunately it was raining quite heavily and so our time in nature was cut short – Alex explained that this walk would usually be longer and the food experience would take place outside, but due to the weather, we would be dining inside, in a building that actually used to be a stable! While it was naturally disappointing not to be able to experience the day the way it was designed, the ‘stable’ is absolutely stunning, and I was more than happy to while away the afternoon there, trying delicious vegan food and Mallorcan wine! Vegan food and ecological wine… The focus of our day was to be a 6-course vegan tasting menu, paired with ecological wines, as selected by our very own sommelier, Fernando. First was beetroot hummus with fried yucca chips. I’d never tried yucca before, but with high amounts of vitamin C and antioxidants which can benefit the immune system and overall health, I was glad to try it! The beetroot hummus was also delicious, and it went down very nicely with a glass of sweet red vermouth (Muntaner Vermut Rojo), made with Mallorcan grapes. A slice of orange really brought out the flavours, and more than one of us topped up our glasses of this one! Next were little fajitas stuffed with tofu, avocado, red onion, red pepper, rocket, soy yoghurt and ras el hanout, a spice mix popular in North Africa. We enjoyed this alongside a simple salad of peeled pink tomatoes, pomegranate, thyme (from Miguel’s own garden!) and homemade olive oil, seasoned with pink Himalayan salt. Miguel prepared the salad in front of us as he explained why each ingredient is so important, and it really made the difference between a standard tasting menu and actual gastronomic experience. Fernando expertly paired these dishes with a white wine from a village named Rueda in Castellon (Menade Verdejo 2020 DO Rueda). He proudly told us that this was the best white wine in Spain, and that even though the pomegranate posed a challenge to him, he was pleased with his choice of wine for these two dishes. Soup was next on the menu, and Miguel heated a pot of cream of almond soup, made with slightly toasted almonds, leek and oat milk. Accompanying this was a light and organic red wine (Beronia DO Rioja) that Fernando told us was perfect for vegetarian food as full-bodied wines are best with meat. Our final savoury course was brown rice with broccoli, cherry tomato, apple, drizzled with spicy oil and sprinkled with almonds. Again, Miguel prepared this dish in front of us in a wok, the cooking show adding to the lovely feel of the day. This was paired with a Pasión de Bobal rosé wine from the Utiel-Requena wine region of Valencia. Dessert was – and I’m not exaggerating here – divine. I’m not usually a sweet lover, but this almond cake, moist from fresh orange juice and with vegan dark chocolate chips was AMAZING, and went down perfectly with a café con leche (Spanish coffee with milk). We lingered after dessert, drinking our coffees, helping ourselves to some more wine and playing with the cats. Tramuntia’s experiences have no fixed schedule, and so you aren’t expected to leave the second you finish dessert, and you may enjoy the courses as quickly or as slowly as you like. Similarly, if the walk takes longer than expected, that’s totally fine too, and Tramuntia go into more detail about this on their website: ‘At Tramuntia we believe that you should enjoy every moment and every instant as it deserves. Maintaining a rigid schedule will prevent you from being able to enjoy that starter that you liked so much or enjoy those views that have impacted you so much. We want you to enjoy, disconnect and relax. There is nothing more stressful than your life being ruled by the clock.’ Pretty cool, right? The Tramuntia Weekend Experience – A Relaxing Wellness Retreat in Mallorca I mentioned at the beginning of this post that Tramuntia offer two experiences – the gastronomic 1-day experience, and the 2-day weekend retreat. Although I only participated in the 1-day experience, I feel as though I have enough of an understanding of Tramuntia as a whole to tell you a bit about the second one. So, let’s get into the details of what’s included on the Tramuntia Weekend Experience, or the ‘The First Slow Trip in Mallorca.’ A Weekend with Tramuntia – What’s Included? The Tramuntia weekend experience begins on a Friday at 5pm and finishes on a Sunday at 5pm. They do not provide this experience every weekend, so be sure to check out their website to see their upcoming retreats. Each experience has a maximum of 10 people, making it a great choice for those of you who are still mindful of keeping away from large crowds, as well as giving it an intimate feel. The price per person is 350 EUR, with a 50 EUR discount if you book more than 2 weeks in advance – just be sure to tell them that TRAVELLING JEZEBEL sent you when you contact them, so they know where you came from! Here’s what’s included on the weekend experience: - 2 nights accommodation in a cosy rural hotel in Mallorca - All meals (2 breakfasts, 2 lunches and 2 dinners) - Beverages (water, wine, tea, infusions) - 2 trekking sessions - 2 yoga sessions with a qualified instructor - 2 mindfulness sessions - Airport pickup and drop-off (!) There are two ways to make reservations: - Via the form on their website – there is a box where you can write notes – tell them your situation and any special requirements, and please reference TRAVELLING JEZEBEL when you do (this means that I make a small commission at no extra cost to you). - Via WhatsApp – their number is +34613007472 and they all speak English. Again, I would really appreciate it if you let them know that you discovered them through this website! The Tramuntia Mallorca Retreat | Final Thoughts Of course, the one day experience that I enjoyed cannot technically be classed as a traditional ‘retreat,’ but hey – it sure felt that way! Being able to totally disconnect from the real world, surrounded by nature, sipping great wines and enjoying exquisite vegan food was just what I needed after a long 12 months without even leaving my province, and when I return to Mallorca, I’ll definitely be making time to enjoy the weekend retreat. If you have any questions about either my experience with Tramuntia or the weekend retreat as a whole, please be sure to leave them in the comments below, and if I can’t answer them myself, I’ll put you in touch with somebody from Tramuntia who can! Until next time, *The location can vary depending on weather and availability. If you liked this article and would like to support my work, please click the button above to donate a couple of bucks and buy me a coffee. The ad revenue that I receive on this website is minimal, so support from my readers enables me to keep creating content that you (hopefully!) love to read.

“Molluscum Contagiosum” is a common contagious viral skin infection. It most often affects infants and young children but adults may also be infected. It presents as clusters of small skin colored round bumps with a central pit especially in the warm moist places such as the armpit, groin or behind the knees. They can be spread by direct contact with other infected people or contaminated wet surfaces (public swimming pools).

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|The Cheese Burger at Rosamunde Sausage Grill, Lower Haight, San Francisco, CA.| At Rosamunde Sausage Grill the line starts forming early on Tuesday. Only on that day does Rosamunde serve their legendary cheese burger. I got there just before they open at 11:30. There were about fifteen people in line. Many more came behind me. Rosamunde only serves 150 of their 8-ounce masterpiece, and only on this day. |The Grill at Rosamunde.| Legend has it that the original owner, Jeffrey felt that there were no good burgers in San Francisco. And even though he had quite a reputation for sausage, he felt the void must be filled. So once per week, for the past eight years, the place fires up the charcoal grill for burgers. The burger itself is quite a deal at $6. It comes with 8 ounces of loosely packed, fresh ground chuck from Weber Quality Meats. The burger comes with cheddar cheese, green leaf lettuce, tomato slice, grilled onions, pickle slices, mustard and ketchup. It is all served on a nicely toasted onion bun. |Brian Berger after finishing off his burger, Rosamunde Sausage Grill, San Francisco, CA.| I waited my turn at the counter and Charlie took my order. I must say that I was one of the few people that Charlie did not already know by name. He patiently answered my tedious questions in between patrons. He told me it would be about 25 minutes. He didn’t take my money. That happened later when my burger was ready. Many people who ordered headed next door to Tornado, a beer bar, where they eat their burger. |Jeff Berger with his namesake.| While I waited, I chatted up the man next to me. Turns out his name is Jeff Berger. As we were talking about his favorite SF burger (Corner Store), another fellow walked up who had overheard us. His name – Brian Berger. I know he was telling the truth, his truck for Berger Design Build, was parked right outside. Exactly 25 minutes after I had ordered, my name was called. The burger is served on white paper in a yellow basket. It is an impressive stack with everything looking fresh and tall. They first bite revealed a perfectly cooked medium burger with moist and tasty meat. It was not heavily seasoned, maybe a little salt and pepper, but it was very tasty. The cheese was melted just right. All the vegetables were fresh and crisp. I liked the mix of ketchup and mustard, a classic. The only beef I have with the burger is that the bun fell apart a little on the bottom under all the weight and juice. The cultural experience of eating here was fantastic. There were so many regulars. It must be like a weekly reunion for Charlie, who politely declined to have his photo taken. I will become a regular myself. Burger 5 out of 5 No fries or shakes. Rosamunde Sausage Grill 545 Haight Street San Francisco, CA 94117 |Rosamunde and its neighborly bar, Tornado, where you can eat your burger.| All photos by Scott R. Kline on October 2, 2012 at Rosamunde Sausage Grill, San Francisco, CA.

Found 1 items, similar to Ilex verticillata. English → English Definition: Ilex verticillata , n. [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. & OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus; of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo- white (in comp.), OIr. find white. ????.] 1. The season of the year in which the sun shines most obliquely upon any region; the coldest season of the year. “Of thirty winter he was old.” And after summer evermore succeeds Barren winter, with his wrathful nipping cold. Winter lingering chills the lap of May. --Goldsmith. Note: North of the equator, winter is popularly taken to include the months of December, January, and February ). Astronomically, it may be considered to begin with the winter solstice, about December 21st, and to end with the vernal equinox, about March 21st. 2. The period of decay, old age, death, or the like. Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge. , an apple that keeps well in winter, or that does not ripen until winter. , a kind of barley that is sown in autumn. (Bot.), the name of several American shrubs , Ilex l[ae]vigata , etc.) of the Holly family, having bright red berries conspicuous in (a) A plant of the genus Azalea. (b) A plant of the genus Hamamelis ); witch-hazel; -- so called from its flowers appearing late in autumn, while the leaves are (Zo["o]l.), a statoblast. (Bot.), a plant (Physalis Alkekengi ) of the Nightshade family, which has, a red berry inclosed in the inflated and persistent calyx. See Alkekengi (Med.), a form of chronic bronchitis marked by a cough recurring each winter. (Bot.), a yellow-flowered cruciferous plant , a crop which will bear the winter, or which may be converted into fodder during the winter. (a) The pintail. (b) The old squaw. (Zo["o]l.), an egg produced in the autumn by many invertebrates, and destined to survive the winter. Such eggs usually differ from the summer eggs in having a thicker shell, and often in being enveloped in a protective case. They sometimes develop in a manner different from that of the summer eggs. , ground that is fallowed in winter. . (Bot.) Same as White sage , under White (Med.), pneumonia. [Colloq.] . (Zo["o]l.) See the Note under Flounder (Zo["o]l.), the common European gull; -- called also winter mew . [Prov. Eng.] . (Med.) See Prarie itch , under Prairie , or Winter lodgment . (Bot.) Same as . (Zo["o]l.) Same as Winter gull , above. [Prov. (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of geometrid moths which come forth in winter, as the European species (Cheimatobia brumata ). These moths have rudimentary mouth organs, and eat no food in the imago state. The female of some of the species is wingless. , oil prepared so as not to solidify in moderately cold weather. , a kind of pear that keeps well in winter, or that does not ripen until winter. , the quarters of troops during the winter; a winter residence or station. , a kind of rye that is sown in autumn. (Zo["o]l.), the gizzard shad. (Zo["o]l.), the goosander. [Local, U. S.] (Zo["o]l.), the dunlin. . (Astron.) See Solstice (Zo["o]l.), the green-winged teal. (Zo["o]l.), the gray wagtail (Motacilla melanope ). [Prov. Eng.] , wheat sown in autumn, which lives during the winter, and ripens in the following summer. (Zo["o]l.), a small American wren (Troglodytes hiemalis ) closely resembling the common wren. ([add]l"d[~e]r), n. [OE. aldir, aller, fr. AS. alr, aler, alor, akin to D. els, G. erle, Icel. erlir, erli, Swed. al, Dan. elle, el, L. alnus, and E. elm.] (Bot.) A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the . The wood is used by turners, etc.; the bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are usually shrubs or small trees. (a) A European shrub (Rhamnus frangula ); Alder buckthorn. (b) An American species of holly (Ilex verticillata bearing red berries.

- Research article - Open Access Beak and skull shapes of human commensal and non-commensal house sparrows Passer domesticus BMC Evolutionary Biology volume 13, Article number: 200 (2013) The granivorous house sparrow Passer domesticus is thought to have developed its commensal relationship with humans with the rise of agriculture in the Middle East some 10,000 years ago, and to have expanded with the spread of agriculture in Eurasia during the last few thousand years. One subspecies, P. d. bactrianus, residing in Central Asia, has apparently maintained the ancestral ecology, however. This subspecies is not associated with human settlements; it is migratory and lives in natural grass- and wetland habitats feeding on wild grass seeds. It is well documented that the agricultural revolution was associated with an increase in grain size and changes in seed structure in cultivated cereals, the preferred food source of commensal house sparrow. Accordingly, we hypothesize that correlated changes may have occurred in beak and skull morphology as adaptive responses to the change in diet. Here, we test this hypothesis by comparing the skull shapes of 101 house sparrows from Iran, belonging to five different subspecies, including the non-commensal P. d. bactrianus, using geometric morphometrics. The various commensal house sparrow subspecies share subtle but consistent skeletal features that differ significantly from those of the non-commensal P. d. bactrianus. Although there is a marked overall size allometry in the data set, the shape difference between the ecologically differentiated sparrows cannot be explained by differences in size alone. Relative to the size allometry commensal house sparrows exhibit a skull shape consistent with accelerated development (heterochrony), resulting in a more robust facial cranium and a larger, more pointed beak. The difference in skull shape and robustness of the beak between commensal and non-commensal house sparrows is consistent with adaptations to process the larger and rachis encapsulated seeds of domesticated cereals among human associated populations. The avian beak and associated traits have long been popular targets for studies of adaptive trait evolution. The beak is the main food-processing tool of a bird. Hence, its size and shape are expected to be chiselled by natural selection to fit the feeding ecology of its carrier. One celebrated example of adaptive beak evolution is the radiation and associated diversification of feeding niches and beak shapes among Darwin’s finches [1, 2]. Long-term field studies of these finches have provided strong evidence that beak morphology evolves rapidly in response to changing ecological conditions, such as food type, food availability and interspecific competition [2–4]. Morphological evolution may be constrained by various factors, however . For instance, the size and shape of morphological traits in animals may be strongly constrained by body size and may exhibit more or less fixed allometric size relationships across species [6, 7]. Yet, the avian beak appears to be a trait that often exhibits high levels of evolvability [8–11]. The house sparrow Passer domesticus is a granivorous, widely distributed, human associated bird species [12, 13]. The origin of its commensal relationship with humans has been debated for some time [14–16]. However, in a recent paper Sætre et al. used population genetic data, as well as previously published fossil and ecological data, to suggest that the house sparrow became associated with early human agricultural societies that rose in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago and then experienced a massive size and range expansion from about 4,000 years ago as agricultural civilizations spread through the Palearctic and Oriental regions. Although the house sparrow comprises several phenotypically distinct subspecies, these are virtually identical at neutral genetic markers, suggesting that phenotypic differentiation is of very recent origin . One of the subspecies has apparently maintained the ancestral ecology of the species, however. The subspecies P. d. bactrianus is not associated with humans but breeds in natural or seminatural habitats, such as riverine scrub, hedgerows and trees near pastures and grassland, often far from human habitation [17, 18]. It is similar to other house sparrows at neutral genetic markers, however, consistent with the hypothesis that the ecological difference is associated with a recent ecological transition of the commensal house sparrows . In autumn P. d. bactrianus move southwards in large flocks from their breeding grounds in Central Asia to reach their wintering grounds in south-east Iran and western parts of the Indian sub-continent [19–21]. Significant for this study, P. d. bactrianus feed mainly on wild grass seeds whereas the commensal subspecies prefer seeds from cultivated crops, such as wheat and oats . The evolution of bony structures is possibly less constrained by weight in sedentary than in migratory birds because they are less dependent on endured flight. Hence, the abandonment of migratory behaviour in commensal house sparrows may have facilitated any evolutionary trend towards increased size and robustness of the beak and skull structures. The abandonment of migratory behaviour in commensal house sparrows is likely to be an adaptation to the year-round supply of food provided by sedentary human societies through storage of cereals, spilling and feeding of domestic animals . Further, the transition from a diet of mainly wild seeds to one consisting mainly of grains from cultivated cereals is likely to have imposed selection pressures on beak and skull morphology of the sparrows. Domestication of plants is associated with an increase in seed size [22–25], but domesticated cereals also differ from their wild relatives in several other traits, such as seed hardness and texture . Moreover, domesticated cereal seeds remain encapsulated in a tough rachis that holds the seed together, whereas in wild cereals the rachis fragmentizes at ripening . These trait differences would most certainly affect seed processing in a granivorous bird and hence the optimal size and shape of its beak and skull. In Darwin’s finches handling of larger and harder seeds is associated with larger, deeper beaks and a correlated increase in robustness of the muscle and jaw architecture of the birds . Here, we apply geometric morphometrics to study variation in the beak and skull of commensal and non-commensal house sparrows from the same overall geographic region, namely Iran. The diversity of house sparrow subspecies is high in Iran (five recognized subspecies, including the non-commensal P. d. bactrianus) . Moreover, climatic and environmental conditions vary extensively regionally, from the moist and fertile temperate shore of the Caspian Sea in the north, through dry steppes and deserts in central parts, to tropical habitats in the south of the country. Climatic conditions are likely to affect agricultural practice, the choice of which crop species to cultivate and seed characteristics, all of which may affect optimal beak and skull morphology . However, cultivated crops differ from their wild ancestors in consistent ways , suggesting that adaptations to commensalism per se may have larger effects on morphological evolution than such local climatic variation. If adaptations to cultivated cereals have played a significant role in the recent morphological evolution of the house sparrow, we expect to find relatively larger divergence between commensal and non-commensal sparrows in beak and skull morphology than among the various commensal house sparrow subspecies, despite extensive environmental variation. We further predict that the commensal types should share (derived) skeletal features. Finally, we specifically predict that commensal house sparrows would have larger, more robust beaks and skull features associated with a more robust muscle and jaw architecture compared to the non-commensal P. d. bactrianus, as adaptations to process the larger and tougher seeds of cultivated cereal crops. At the proximate level, accelerated development (heterochrony) is a well-characterized ontological process that one could predict would yield the necessary changes in robustness. 101 completely ossified adult skulls from the house sparrow were collected from 16 populations in Iran (Figure 1). The specimens represent five of the eleven house sparrow subspecies described by Summers-Smith that have been defined based on differences in plumage coloration, size and ecology; the non-commensal and migratory P. d. bactrianus (N = 12) and the four commensal subspecies P. d. biblicus (N = 33), P. d. persicus (N = 30), P. d. hyrcanus (N = 12) and P. d. indicus (N = 14). The specimens were obtained from different museum and university collections in Iran. For geometric morphometrics on bird skulls and beaks, landmark analysis has been the most common approach (e.g. ). For this study, we instead applied outline analysis of the skull shapes. Outlines may be better adapted to complex shapes having important shape variation contained in smooth areas between any well-defined homologous landmarks. For cranial shapes, outline analysis can outperform landmark analysis in terms of statistical discrimination power . Outline analysis circumvents the subjective selection of shape features inherent to landmark analysis. Finally, outline analysis allows visualization of statistical results as full biological shapes rather than as deformation grids or truss networks of a small collection of landmarks. Digital images (dorsal view) were prepared using an Olympus DP71i camera connected to an Olympus BX51 stereomicroscope (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The camera was fixed to a custom made rack that ensured that the skulls where photographed from the same distance and 90˚ angle. The skulls were fixed on a plasticine platform and care was taken to orient the skull consistently relative to the camera. Any residual random distortion is expected to produce unbiased noise. To quantify morphological variation the x- and y-coordinates of each skull outline were digitized using the tpsDig 2.2 software . The starting point of the outline was defined as the tip of the bill. 150 roughly equally spaced points were measured on each outline (the subsequent shape analysis does not require equal spacing). Elliptic Fourier Analysis, EFA is a well-established technique for outline analysis. The procedure involves spectral (Fourier) decomposition of the x and y increments along the contour. Each harmonic is represented by four coefficients, i.e. the cosine and sine amplitudes of Δx and Δy. This is equivalent to decomposition into a sum of harmonically related ellipses. EFA was carried out in the software Past, version 2.07 , with the “invariant to starting position and rotation” option. Size was recorded by the length of the semimajor axis of the first harmonic ellipse . After this calculation, size was removed prior to further EFA analysis, to ensure that the EFA coefficients themselves contained only shape variation, in order to reduce high-frequency noise and limit the number of variables. A plot of the average EFA spectrum (Figure 2) showed very small amplitudes beyond 15 harmonics and we thus chose this as the cut-off point for inclusion in the analyses. The resulting 60 coefficients were subjected to further multivariate analysis in Past. For testing of multivariate group means we used a permutation test, PerMANOVA, based on Euclidean distance. For regression of shape on size we used ordinary least squares multivariate regression with MANOVA testing. For tests on allometry in commensal versus non-commensal subspecies we included size, commensality and size-commensality interaction as independent variables. The allometric trajectories of the different subspecies were also investigated using the Common Allometric Component (CAC) method of Mitteroecker et al. . The CAC is a vector in shape space computed by regression of shape variables (with centered species means) on log size. Additional residual shape components, orthogonal to the CAC, are calculated by PCA on the residuals after CAC regression. The resulting shape vectors were visualized by generating synthetic skull outlines in Past, version 3.0. Size and shape allometry The sizes (Figure 3) differed only slightly between the non-commensal P. d. bactrianus with mean size 12.13 mm and the four commensal subspecies with pooled mean size 12.38 mm (t = 2.00, p = 0.048). However, there was considerable size variation among the subspecies (one-way ANOVA, F = 9.85, p < 0.001) and particularly P. d. biblicus stood out as larger than P. d. bactrianus (Tukey’s Q = 5.97, p = 0.00063) and P. d. persicus (Q = 5.91, p = 0.00072). A multivariate regression of EFA coefficients with size as independent variable was highly significant (Wilks’ λ = 0.22, F = 2.39, p = 0.0021), demonstrating clear size allometry for the data pooled over all subspecies. No obvious nonlinearity or heteroskedasticity was observed in the regression, and the data were therefore left untransformed. Figure 4 shows the shape predicted from the regression for semimajor axis sizes of 11 and 14 mm. The cranial shape predicted for a size of 11 mm (S11) show some morphological differences with regard to the one predicted for a size of 14 mm (S14): (a) S14 have relatively smaller braincases than S11, (b) the interorbital width should be more reduced proportionately in S11 sparrows than in S14 ones, and (c) the analysis also predicts a more significantly developed facial cranium (splachnocranium), and a longer bill in particular, in S14 compared to S11 individuals. Shape differences between subspecies The EFA coefficients of the five subspecies are significantly different (one-way PerMANOVA, F = 1.89, p = 0.023). To visualize the shape difference between P. d. bactrianus and the four commensal subspecies, we show the average (consensus) shapes from the two groups in Figure 5. The commensal subspecies are associated with a more robust facial skeleton and a larger beak. The axis of shape variation in Figure 5 is visually similar to the size allometric axis shown in Figure 4. Accordingly, there is positive correlation between the vector of differences between group means and the size regression slopes (R = 0.32, p < 0.001). Multivariate, multiple regression of shape with size, commensality and interaction as independent variables was highly significant (Wilks’ λ = 0.020, F = 1.85, p < 0.001). The analysis showed that shape was significantly dependent on all of size (λ = 0.26, F = 1.94, p = 0.014), commensality (λ = 0.29, F = 1.68, p = 0.043) and size-commensality interaction (λ = 0.29, F = 1.65, p = 0.048). In other words, there is both an overall size allometry and a difference in allometric trajectories between commensal and non-commensal subspecies. A plot of the scores on the Common Allometric Component axis and the second Residual Shape Component (RSC 2, explaining 18% of residual shape variation) is shown in Figure 6. The first RSC (RSC 1, 33%) was found to describe left-right asymmetry, and showed no structure with respect to taxonomy. The visualization of overall size allometry (CAC) confirms the result shown in Figure 4, obtained similarly by regression but with linear size and without within-group centering. RSC 2 describes shape variation mainly restricted to the orbital area, with higher scores associated with narrower interorbital area and more pronounced postorbital processes. Although there is considerable overlap between the subspecies, the non-commensal P. d. bactrianus occupies a region of particularly low scores on RSC 2. It may also be noted that P. d. bactrianus, and to some extent the similarly small-sized P. d. persicus, shows correlation between CAC and RSC 2, not apparent in the other subspecies. Further details are apparent when plotting size against CAC (Figure 7). The different subspecies show some vertical displacement along the CAC axis, which could be referred to as heterochrony in a very loose sense, although the differences in allometric trajectories make this term less appropriate . In addition, the larger subspecies P. d. indicus and P. d. biblicus have smaller slopes in the size-CAC plot than the smaller three subspecies. The morphological differences described statistically above and depicted in Figure 5 are easily visible when inspecting the actual bone structures of the different skulls. In Figure 8 we show the skull of a non-commensal P. d. bactrianus and a commensal house sparrow (P. d. persicus). P. d. persicus was chosen because it is the subspecies most similar in size to P. d. bactrianus. The chosen pictures were otherwise randomly selected. The skull of P. d. persicus appears overall more robustly constructed than the skull of P. d. bactrianus, and the splachnocranium and the beak are both elongated and more heavily built. The postorbital process (a) and the lachrymal (b) are more expanded laterally in P. d. persicus than in P. d. bactrianus (cf. Figure 6). Although not included in the statistical analysis above since the features do not affect the outline of the skull, it also appears that the oral surface of the maxillare, as one can see through the nasal openings, is wider (c), and that the nasal process of the rostrum (d) is larger in P. d. persicus compared to P. d. bactrianus. Differences in the occipital region (e) are also consistent with increased robustness in the commensal subspecies (Figure 6). We demonstrate subtle but consistent morphological differences in the skull and beak of commensal and non-commensal house sparrows. Across subspecies residing in different environments commensal house sparrows have consistently more robust facial craniums and larger, more pointed beaks compared to the non-commensal P. d. bactrianus. We further found a clear, overall allometric relationship between skull size and shape, larger skulls having a relatively smaller brain case and a larger, more robust facial cranium than smaller ones. The commensal house sparrows were on average slightly larger than the non-commensal P. d. bactrianus, but the difference in cranial shape persisted after controlling statistically for size. The morphological changes thus appear consistent with accelerated development (heterochrony) of commensal house sparrows, assuming that the more “juvenile-like” skull of P. d. bactrianus represents the ancestral state as suggested by a previous study . Our statistical analyses indicate a significant interaction between size and ecology (commensal vs. non-commensal). An allometric shift like the one demonstrated here is often considered a hallmark of an adaptive morphological change (e.g. [35, 36]). Additionally however, we found an orthogonal shape variation of commensality only, suggesting a relatively complex ontology in the development of beak and skull shape in the case of these sparrows. When plotting size against Common Allometric Component (Figure 7) there appears to be a gradient from the smaller subspecies to the larger ones with decreasing slopes but increasing intercepts. This may be referred to as a heterochronic pre-displacement, but note that strictly speaking, heterochrony is defined with respect to age and not size. The house sparrow is primarily a seed eater and vegetable matter makes up 85-90% of the food, complimented with more protein rich food of animal origin, particularly in the diet provided to the nestlings . Although commensal house sparrows can be quite opportunistic in what they eat they are regarded as specialized on cultivated cereal crops and will prefer oats and wheat when there is a choice . The larger and rachis encapsulated seeds of domesticated cereals [24, 26] are therefore likely to have changed the optimal feeding apparatus of the commensal house sparrows in the direction of increased robustness. Many of the skeletal features of the commensal house sparrows as compared to the non-commensal P. d. bactrianus can be understood as adaptations to process the larger and tougher seeds of domesticated cereals. The lachrymal and postorbital processes (both larger in commensal sparrows) are connected to the posterior region of the mandible through ligaments . The attachment of these ligaments together with the musculus depressor mandibulae, play an important role in the protraction of the upper jaw . The musculus depressor mandibulae, which depresses the lower jaw, originates in the occipital region of the cranium (again more developed in commensal sparrows) and inserts in the mandible . Another important muscle, the aductor mandibulae externus has its origin in a wide area of the posterior part of the skull, passes forwards and downwards between the postorbital process, and inserts in the posterior part of the mandible . The chewing area of the beak is stronger (more bony-built) in commensal house sparrows than in P. d. bactrianus and the larger nasal process in the commensal sparrows would provide more robustness in the kinetic area between the beak and the rest of the skull. In conclusion, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that adaptations to food sources provided by human societies, and particularly cultivated cereals, have shaped the beak and skull of commensal house sparrows to become more robust and the facial cranium and beak to become elongated and more pointy. In a future study it would be interesting to study the feeding ecologies of the non-commensal P. d. bactrianus and the various commensal subspecies in greater detail in order to link ecology and morphology more directly. Further, it would be interesting to compare the anatomy of fossil house sparrow skulls with the various contemporary ones. House sparrow fossils are relatively common in archaeological excavation sites as are cereal seeds . Hence, in principle, it should be possible to trace evolutionary changes in the morphology of the beak and skull of the house sparrow through time, from the rise of agriculture and beyond. Combining such studies with ontological observations may further improve our understanding of the developmental changes that has taken place as the house sparrow beak and skull became adapted to process cultivated cereal grains. Schluter D: The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation. 2000, Oxford: Oxford University Press Grant PR, Grant BR: Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin’s finches. Science. 2002, 296: 707-711. 10.1126/science.1070315. Boag PT, Grant PR: Intense natural selection in a population of Darwin's finches (Geospizinae) in the Galápagos. Science. 1981, 214: 82-85. 10.1126/science.214.4516.82. 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Sætre G–P, Riyahi S, Aliabadian M, Hermansen JS, Hogner S, Olsson U, Gonzales Rojas MF, Sæther SA, Trier CN, Elgvin TO: Single origin of human commensalism in the house sparrow. J Evol Biol. 2012, 25: 788-796. 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02470.x. Korelov MN, Kuzmina MA, Gavrilov EI, Kovshar AF, Gavrin G, Borodikhin IF: 1974. The Birds of Kazakhstan, vol. 5. 1974, Akad. Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR: Alma Ata, [in Russian] Zarudny NA, Härms M: Bemerkungen über einige Vögel Persiens II, Die Sperlinge Persiens. J Ornithol. 1913, 1913 (61): 630-661. [In German] Paludan K: On the Birds of Afghanistan. Vid Medd Dan Naturh For. 1959, 122: 1-332. Ali S, Ripley SD: Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan, Volume 10. 1974, Bombay: Oxford University Press Lush WM, Wien HC: The importance of seed size in early growth of wild and domesticated cowpeas. J Agric Sci. 1980, 94: 177-182. 10.1017/S0021859600028033. Smith BD: The initial domestication of Cucurbita pepo in the Americas 10,000 years ago. Science. 1997, 276: 932-934. 10.1126/science.276.5314.932. Salamini F, Özkan H, Brandolini A, Schäfer-Pregl R, Martin W: Genetics and geography of wild cereal domestication in the near east. Nature Rev. 2002, 3: 429-441. Peng J, Ronin Y, Fahima T, Röder MS, Li Y, Nevo E, Korol A: Domestication quantitative trait loci in Triticum dicoccoides, the progenitor of wheat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100: 2489-2494. 10.1073/pnas.252763199. Kilian B, Ozkan H, Pozzi C, Salamini F: Domestication of the Triticea in the fertile crescent. Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae. Edited by: Feuillet C, Muehlbauer GJ. 2009, Dordrecht: Springer, 81-119. Herrel A, Podos J, Huber SK, Hendry AP: Bite performance and morphology in a population of Darwin’s finches: implications for the evolution of beak shape. Funct Ecol. 2005, 19: 43-48. 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2005.00923.x. Foster DJ, Podos J, Hendry AP: A geometric morphometric appraisal of beak shape in Darwin’s finches. J Evol Biol. 2008, 21: 263-275. Baylac M, Friess M: Fourier descriptors, Procrustes superimposition, and data dimensionality: an example of cranial shape analysis in modern human populations. Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology. Edited by: Slice DE. 2005, New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 145-165. Rohlf FJ: tpsDig software, version 2.12. 2008, University of New York at Stony Brook: Department of Ecology and Evolution Kuhl FP, Giardina CR: Elliptic Fourier features of a closed contour. Comp Graph Im Process. 1982, 18: 236-258. 10.1016/0146-664X(82)90034-X. Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD: PAST: Paleontological Statictics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeont Electron. 2001, 4: 9- Anderson MJ: A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecol. 2001, 2001 (26): 32-46. Mitteroecker P, Gunz P, Bernhard M, Schaefer K, Bookstein FL: Comparison of cranial ontogenetic trajectories among great apes and humans. J Human Evol. 2004, 46: 679-698. 10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.03.006. Nunn CL, Barton RA: Comparative methods for studying primate adaptation and allometry. Evol Antrhropol. 2001, 10: 81-98. 10.1002/evan.1019. Hollander J, Adams DC, Johannesson K: Evolution of adaptation through allometric shifts in a marine snail. Evolution. 2006, 60: 2490-2497. Wiens JA, Dyer MI: Assessing the potential impact of granivorous birds in ecosystems. Granivorous Birds in Ecosystems. Edited by: Pinowski J, Kendeigh SC. 1977, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 205-266. Baumel JJ, Raikow RJ: Arthrologia. Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina Anatomica Avium. Edited by: Baumel JJ, King AS, Breazile JE, Evans HE, Vanden Berge JC. 1993, Cambridge, MA: Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, 133-187. 2 Zusi R: The role of the depressor mandibulae muscle in kinesis of the avian skull. Proc US Nat Mus. 1967, 123: 1-28. Van den Berge JC, Zweers GA: Myologia. Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina Anatomica Avium. Edited by: Baumel JJ, King AS, Breazile JE, Evans HE, Vanden Berge JC. 1993, Cambridge, MA: Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, 189-247. 2 Sims RW: The morphology of the head of the hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes). Bull Brit Mus (Nat Hist). 1955, 2: 371-393. Ericson PGP, Tyrberg T, Kjellberg AS, Jonsson L, Ullén I: The earliest record of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in northern Europe. J Archaeol Sci. 1997, 24: 183-190. 10.1006/jasc.1996.0102. We thank R. I. Bailey, T. O. Elgvin, F. Eroukhmanoff, J. S. Hermansen, J. H. Hurum, K. L. Voje and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript and useful discussions. The Norwegian Research Council provided financial support. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. MA conceived of the study, data was collected by SR and TA under supervision of MA, analysis and interpretation of results were done by SR, ØH and GPS, the manuscript was written by GPS, ØH and SR with contributions from AS and CSR. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Authors’ original submitted files for images Below are the links to the authors’ original submitted files for images. About this article Cite this article Riyahi, S., Hammer, Ø., Arbabi, T. et al. Beak and skull shapes of human commensal and non-commensal house sparrows Passer domesticus. BMC Evol Biol 13, 200 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-200 - Geometric morphometrics - Beak shape - Granivorous bird - Passer domesticus - Human commensalism

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Just like candles on a birthday cake, the larger, more upright flowers of this superlative Michael Dirr selection are a splendid sight. A glossy late spring flush of tooth-edged leafage in emerald hues sets the stage for the abundant creamy white flowers. Made even more dazzling by their spiced-honey scent, the 6 in. long blooms form nearly horizontal, close-knit cylindrical spires. In autumn, foliage matures to a pleasing yellow. Strongly vertical, slightly downy brown branches and persistent seed spikes etch winter’s somber landscape. With a compact mounding habit, this Clethra offers a winsome presence in small spaces, and is a choice feature for a patio pot. Give this easy-to-grow shrub moist, slightly acidic soil and, where summers are hot and dry, shade each afternoon. Blooms late June–July Size: 2-1/2' high x 3' 0" wide. Hardy to zone 4. Please fill out our Registration Form to receive news of updates to the web site, availability of new plants, give us your feedback, and to be on the mailing list to receive future printed catalogs.

If you are one of the millions of people who wear oral appliances, you may be wondering about the right way to store and clean them. While dentures are used in place of missing teeth, retainers are normally used to help correct the teeth and gums during orthodontic treatments to post-treatment to retain the acquired result. Both dentures and retainers are made from a similar material that helps give firmness and minimizes the weight of the retainers or dentures. Tips for Cleaning Your Dentures and Retainers - Never use toothpaste on any oral appliances as it is an abrasive cleanser. Even though the enamel (being the hardest material in the human body) can stand the abrasive quality of toothpaste, your plastic appliance, which is much softer and fragile, cannot. - Use baking soda to disinfect the denture or retainer. Baking soda helps increase the pH and controls bacteria from growing on your appliance. Additionally, it can also help in reducing the appliance’s smell. - Always keep your denture and retainer moisturized. Both of these appliances are designed to be worn in your mouth, which means the environment is warm and moist. Storing them in a dry state can actually damage the material. - Avoid using hot water to clean to clean either of the appliances as it can damage the plastic and affect its shape. - Brush your dentures and retainers twice daily, wash them after every meal and always keep your mouth clean after every meal. Tips for Storing Your Dentures and Retainers - Always keep your dentures and retainers in a protective casing instead of in a tissue paper or napkin. Since many retainers are transparent, they could be easily misplaced or thrown away. - Avoid leaving them in random places even with the casing.

Walking up to Farmerbrown, located in the lively Tenderloin district of San Francisco, we are greeted by a bouncer monitoring the front door. Although somewhat unusual for a restaurant, this club quality is a nod to the fact that Farmerbrown has drawn many patrons that come specifically to enjoy a delicious late night cocktail and snack at the bustling bar. Past the bouncer are a small foyer and heavy black curtain, adding to the restaurant’s club feel. The DJ booth emanating heavily rhythmic music gives the dimly lit space a distinctly sexy vibe. Projector screens mirror back time-warped flicks -- ones that involve break dancing, fluorescent ruffle skirts, and men’s midriff-baring shirts. The wait staff is funky, cute, and friendly; each member takes his or her job seriously, while managing to have a good time. Farmerbrown was opened in 2006, by Chef and Owner Jay Foster. Only 33-years-old at the time, Foster opened his own restaurant after manning the deliciously hip kitchens of Blue Jay café and Emmy’s Spaghetti Shack. Chef Foster was interested in more than just opening another trendy spot, though; he wanted his restaurant to have a conscience. The Chef accomplished this in part by purchasing his produce from African American farmers during a time when it was difficult for many farms to stay in business. Another one of Chef Foster’s priorities is to ensure that items on his menu are organic and sustainably-raised whenever possible. He even puts forth the effort to make many of his dishes with the option of being vegetarian. And in so building up a business with a heart, Chef Foster has also managed to create a pretty hip spot at that. Both the walls and the tables are adorned with hand-oxidized copper. The art of San Francisco’s own Keba Konte covers the walls, creating a truly bohemian vibe that makes me feel as though I’m in the warehouse home of an industrial designer. The music is vibrant: the beat pulses up through my feet, and I suddenly feel very hip and in-the-know. The restaurant also offers welcoming touches that counter many of the less-than hospitable stereotypes often associated with the Tenderloin district. Mason jars are everywhere, being used as containers for the addictive mint juleps, beer, water, and even the salt and pepper. The silverware is unadorned, and the napkins are of the classic brown paper towel variety. Adding to the cozy charm is the fact that each table comes considerately equipped with its own bottle of homemade Honey Jalapeno Hot Sauce. Our server explains that this sauce is good with everything -- a statement we amply test, and find to be true. Upon sitting down at our table, we are immediately served cucumber-infused water, along with a plate of warm, mini Jalapeno Corn Bread with blueberry butter. It’s a very tasty start. The toothy sweetness of the corn stands out against the slight spiciness of the jalapeno, and is supported by the more tart sweetness of the butter. The menu is fairly small with approximately five appetizers, main courses, and desserts. There are also side dishes that may be ordered as appetizers or supplements to the main courses. For appetizers we decide on the Sweet Potato Steak Fries with cayenne salt and lemon aioli. The fries have a satisfying heftiness to them, and would be an excellent accompaniment to any of the fine drink selections. They are sweet and slightly chewy; the zest of the aioli and the touch of spice from the cayenne pepper create a nice contrast to their sweet starchiness. The fries are also an excellent match for the homemade jalapeno sauce. The Watermelon Salad is the second appetizer we order. It is made with yellow Doll and red watermelon, cherry tomatoes, arugula, and ricotta salata, with mint oil and citrus vinaigrette. It is both refreshing and light, stimulating the palate after the rich weight of the fries and corn bread. The colors are a festive red, yellow, and green, and the taste is similarly vibrant. Both types of watermelon are brilliantly ripe, juicy, and sweet – they complement the crisp pepper notes of the arugula surprisingly well. The entire dish is tied together with a sprinkling of ricotta salata, which is a hard, salty cheese. The dish is summer-incarnate, making me long for a porch swing and a parasol. No visit to Farmerbrown is complete without trying their famous Rocky Range Fried Chicken. Needless to say, this is the first entree we order. The fried chicken is done just right: the batter is crisp and flaky enough not to overwhelm the main attraction of the meat, yet thick enough to leave both the dark and light meat tender and juicy. A side of dark green kale with just a hint of smoke accompanies the chicken, along with a very traditional creamy and rich mac-and-cheese made with Tillamook cheddar. The vitamin-rich kale ties the crispy chicken and the creamy mac-and-cheese together nicely. There is just something about the taste and smell of fried chicken that is irresistible. For our second entrée we choose the Cajun Crawfish, Shrimp, and Tennessee Stone Ground Grits with Parmesan and succotash. The grits themselves are fantastic –soft with a hint of texture, and cooked brilliantly. I could eat the entire bowl with little more than an addition of butter; whole corn kernels, jalapenos, and bits of bell peppers add crunch and bursts of flavor to the softness of the dish. Furthermore, the nuttiness of the Parmesan cheese makes the freshness of the corn stand out even more. The grits serve as a zesty bed for the seafood, which is a medley of shrimp and crawfish in a spicy red sauce -- the spiciness of the sauce is also a nice contrast to the mellow sweetness of the grits. The culinary highlight of the evening is undoubtedly the dessert. We try our server’s two favorite dishes: the Bourbon Pecan Pie and the Red Velvet Cake. They are as delicious as promised! The pecan pie has just the right amount of crunch, and is not overwhelmingly sweet. The pecans themselves snap in my mouth, filling it with their toasted aroma. The Red Velvet Cake arrives regally towering on a plate. Its size may be intimidating, but inside it is a big softie. Its name is justified as I realize just how velvety this cake really is: it’s moist, rich, and perfectly poised between being light and heavy. A touch of seductively smooth cream cheese frosting tops off the cake, and makes for a very satisfying finish to the meal. Chef Foster is young, and will no doubt go on to accomplish many more great things. With Farmerbrown, he has succeeded in creating a place that’s more than a restaurant: it’s a safe haven, hidden behind a plain façade in an unexpected part of town. With its intimate comfort cuisine and dimly lit interior, Farmerbrown succeeds in transporting diners from the industrial heart of the Tenderloin to the tender heart of the South.

General Landscape Uses: Primarily recommended for natural landscapes and habitat restorations. Ecological Restoration Notes: The dominant species of much of the Everglades. Also present in a number of other wetland ecosystems including wet pinelands. Native plant nurseries. Large herbaceous sedge with saw-toothes leaf margins. Typically 3-6 feet in height; to 10 feet when in flower. Clonal and sometimes spreading and forming large patches. Southern United States west to New Mexico and south to the Monroe County Keys; West Indies, Mexico, Central America and South America. Map of select IRC data from peninsular Florida. Map of suggested ZIP codes north to Indian River and Manatee counties. Map of ZIP codes with habitat recommendations north to Martin and Charlotte counties. Marshes, wet prairies and wet pinelands. Wet, seasonally inundated freshwater to brackish soils on a variety of substrates. Moderate; can grow in nutrient poor soils, but needs some organic content to thrive. Salt Water Tolerance: Low to moderate; may tolerate some brackish water or occasional inundation by salt water. Salt Wind Tolerance: Moderate; grows near salt water, but is protected from direct salt spray by other vegetation. Low; requires moist to wet soils and is intolerant of long periods of drought. Full sun to light shade. Wildlife and Ecology: This is the dominant species of the Everglades marsh, especially in the Shark River Slough. Larval host plant for Palatka skipper (Euphyes pilatka) butterflies. Can be grown from seed. Sawgrass is aptly named as the edges of the leaves are armed with tiny, sawlike prickles. Technically it is not a grass, but a sedge.

So, any baker and chef will know to an extent how far you can take cupcake and muffin recipes in the kitchen. Essentially the main differences between them are the ingredients used, the making process, and the differences in texture and size. Muffins tend to use a lower sugar content compared to cupcakes, they use oat flour instead of the standard all-purpose, and the batter is mixed much less smooth than a cupcake mix making use of dried nuts and fruit, resulting in a harder and denser batter. Muffins have this denser texture when you bite into them that reminds you significantly of bread and they were designed to be a savory food rather than what the sweetness of cupcakes provides. Anyhow, get stuck into our 15 stunning streusel muffin recipes so you can experience the delightful tastes and textures involved in these recipes. This apple streusel muffin recipe is a contest winner and when you test out the recipe for yourself you’ll understand why! The drizzle over the raised muffins makes for a more than a pretty dessert that is delightful enough in appearance for company, let alone the taste and scrumptious texture! They’re the type of muffin that you can imagine the flavors before you’ve tried it because the name combination of apple and fluffy muffins, sounds utterly stupendous. They take a total of 35 minutes, 20 in preparation, and 15 in the oven to bake. Making them a time-saving and stunning streusel muffin recipe. The beauty in making streusel muffins is that they have added sugar, flour, and butter that is baked on the top to create a more crumbly topped muffin. And when crumbly baked goods come into the picture, so do cream cheese enhanced flavors! It’s a bit like how cheesecakes work, the crumbly bottom layer complements the cream cheese layer and it’s exactly the same with these muffins! The cream cheese is sweet enough, but not overpowering when matched with the crumbly layer of the muffin. Also as muffins were meant to be a more savory take on a sweet dish, the cream cheese enhances this overall. Most blueberry-infused baked goods can have a soggy bottom effect, yet these streusel muffins have stumped this issue and more because they have been baked to perfection, with a crumbly, sugary top and a light dense texture. They are not dry either, so you can enjoy a perfect balance between a moist muffin texture that is dense enough but as light as air in between the fluffy breaded particles! And the blueberries add extra sweetness to the muffins that are stunning. Muffins can be an extremely diverse type of food that can be enjoyed as a dessert, or as an early morning start to the day at breakfast. They are commonly provided at continental breakfasts and as dessert and lunchtime snacks in cafes. There is not a time of day that a muffin cannot handle and blueberry streusel muffins are just that little bit extra special because of the way they’ve been baked. The crumbly topping is made by adding butter, sugar, and flour-baked toppings and it compliments the blueberries in the muffin. Just looking at them is almost irresistible because of how stunning the sugared top looks with the purple splotches of blueberries on the sides of the muffin. Muffins are the type of dessert that can be perfected when an adequate amount of effort is put into them, the ingredients list and baking method are never that complicated, so they can be achieved easily. However, they’re not easy from the beginning to get right, so they are a delightful challenge that makes stunning muffins as a result over time! These pumpkin streusel muffins are the type of recipe you want to tackle at some point so even if you’re not planning to bake them today or tomorrow, you will want to save the recipe for a future opportunity! Also, they are fantastic during the fall months. As we’ve talked about before, muffins are the type of dessert that differs from cupcakes because of the fresh fruit that can be baked into them! Cupcakes cannot withstand the texture of fruit in their bake, whereas streusel muffins act like bread and can take the added moisture from fresh berries. So, why not try this raspberry streusel muffins recipe with the fresh raspberries we know you have in your fridge at this very moment in time. If there’s a food combination that was made for the gods above it’s this one. This cinnamon streusel muffin recipe has a topping crumble consisting of brown sugar and more cinnamon to really sweeten up how delightful these muffins are. Cinnamon is a sweet spice that when added to muffins, can create stunning flavors and aromas alone. And who doesn’t enjoy the sweet aromas of cinnamon in their kitchen when baking? There are so many different variations of fruits and nuts that can be incorporated into streusel muffin recipes, and apples are a fantastic way to enjoy a savory and sweet muffin, whilst using up some of the fruit stored in the back of your fridge! Apples have a sweetness to them that goes well with crumbly and breaded textures, hence why apple pies are so successfully baked and sold. In muffins they are delightful so why not try out this apple streusel muffin recipe for yourself and find out? Rhubarb has that unidentifiable feature that we just love in baked goods for some reason, but not on its own. Maybe it’s the sweetness and tartness of the fruit that makes for a fluffy pull-apart muffin with soft fruit textures inside. We don’t know, but that doesn’t matter when you can enjoy a fruity treat inside your muffin recipes. Also for the bakers out there who happen to have a stray piece of rhubarb in their fridge, this recipe enables you to use it up whilst practicing some back to basics skills. We didn’t think streusel muffins could be any more divine until we discovered blueberry streusel muffins, and now we have a lemon and blueberry streusel muffin that is just off the scale in quality! Blueberries and lemons are not usually enjoyed together as separate fruits, however, for some reason, they are stunning when combined in recipes because of how sweet blueberries are and how sour the lemon zest and flavors can be drizzled on top! Fruits and nuts inside of muffins have been used since the beginning of the muffin lifetime! Organic kinds of ingredients just seem to enhance the flavors inside muffins and this recipe is a no-brainer when baking streusel muffins! The apple and pecans complement each other so well because of the sour and sweet flavors in the apples, and the nutty textures of the pecans. And inside our streusel muffin recipes, we love them even more. The crumble on the top of these muffins is also baked to perfection when apples and pecans are sprinkled on them. The great thing about living in such a diverse society is that we invest and take time to create desserts and puddings surrounding certain dietary requirements. A baker bakes for their customers and if some of those customers cannot consume ingredients like gluten, then this needs to be considered in the baking process to make muffins inclusive for everyone. This gluten-free pumpkin streusel recipe uses gluten-free oats to make them instead of all-purpose or oat flours so you can enjoy a sweet and stunning dessert without the panic of what’s inside it that you cannot eat. We all know specific flavor combinations that make for stunning and delightful recipes. Lime and coconuts are famous for their alternating flavors and aromas in other famous desserts like lime in coconut pies. Well, imagine this dessert made into smaller streusel muffins and you’re halfway to creating your own lime muffins with coconut streusel. The lime is infused into the muffin texture and the coconut is beautifully crumbled on the top of the streusel. These may be the best-looking pumpkin streusel muffins we’ve ever laid eyes on and you must try them for yourself to find out just how splendid they are to eat at any time of the day! They look the part as well as taste the part and you’ll be missing out greatly if you don’t save this recipe for a rainy day! Another fruit combo that we all love in baked goods, is blueberries, and bananas! They just work so well together in anything and banana bread is often baked with blueberries infused into the main body of the recipe, so why not muffins too? They both have a different kind of sweetness to them individually that makes for beautifully baked streusel muffins for the whole family to enjoy and dig into. Frequently Asked Questions What is Streusel and How Do You Use It? Basic streusel toppings can be used to top pies, muffins, and other crumbly baked goods. Streusel creates added texture to elevate simple recipes and push the boundaries of what can be included in recipes. Flour, butter, and sugar are used to make streusel topping and chopped nuts can be added too if desired. How Do You Make Streusel Muffins in the Oven? First, you’ll want to preheat your oven as it will bake better when an oven has been preheated to roughly 180 degrees. Then you can go ahead and line your muffin tin with 12 grease-proof liners or cake cases whilst you wait for the oven to preheat. Get your streusel topping ingredients mixed in a bowl and set this aside whilst you mix everything you need or the muffins themselves. And the rest is history! We hope that from reading through this article, you have stumbled upon your new favorite streusel muffin recipe to bake, or even a brand new family favorite recipe in general for future generations to enjoy as well as your family today! Our personal favorites were the apple-infused streusel muffin recipes as one of our team members just adores apples in desserts! Which is your personal favorite?

Want to know how can you make your skin look perfect without using ineffective cosmetic products? The best way to the maintenance of your skin is to start eating foods. It’s my personal experience that foods help a lot in making skin fresh and look beautiful. Five months ago, I had terrible acne, but now I have a glowy skin without any marks on it. It may seem hard, but it is beneficial and affordable. Remember, be choosy in foods because some foods can make your skin worse while some can enhance your skin. Let’s get into some effective foods for your skin. Red Bell Peppers Red bell peppers are savory vegetables; we can enjoy it in any form, either cooked or raw. One red bell pepper makes up more than 100% of your everyday needs of vitamin C. Abundance of Vitamin B6 and dietary fiber is also present in it. Besides, it has a significant amount of carotenoids that assist in increasing the blood circulation in the skin and keep you away from wrinkles, making you look younger. Red Bell peppers also help prevent acne due to these carotenoids. Red bell pepper is a perfect snack that contains 30 calories and has a crunchy bite. Put some slices of it in your fridge every time so that you can have this healthy snack anytime. One of my favorite foods that are perfect for skin is Dark Chocolate. Fatty acids, antioxidants, and flavanols are present in it that brings a glow to the skin. Through the antioxidants, you will get smooth skin and will remain protected from sunburn. Cocoa keeps your arteries relax, which increase blood circulation, and as a result, you will have flawless and healthier skin. I usually buy low-fat cocoa powder or raw cocoa. If you love to eat dark chocolate, then I suggest you use chocolate with 80% of cocoa; don’t use those typical chocolate bars with added sugars and milk. An incredible food to relieve stress, depression, and anxiety is SALMON. Your daily Vitamin D needs can also be fulfilled through Salmon. Vitamin D is essential for the health of your brain, bones, heart, and colon. It also keeps you away from anxiety, colon cancer, depression, bone, and heart diseases. Salmon also has an ample amount of Omega-3 fatty acids, which are great for preventing acne, wrinkles, and inflammation. Omega-3 keeps your skin hydrated inside out. Also, your hair can get healthy and strong by eating Salmon. Another hearty food which I will discuss here is coconut oil. It is rich in saturated fats (which has almost 90% of calories as saturated fats). It is also enriched with a powerful antivirus and antibacterial agent, lauric acid. It prevents acne, inflammation, infections, and viruses. Coconut oil is also a rich source of Vitamin E, which helps in keeping your skin soft, moist, and free of wrinkles. I take one tablespoon of coconut oil every day and use it as a body lotion. It mainly keeps your thyroid healthy. Also, you can lose weight by using coconut oil regularly. There are many benefits, so start using it from today. Maybe you think that green tea is a beverage, but it is actually extracted from a plant. Green tea is enriched with L-theanine and antioxidants, which lower your stress level and relax your body. In hot tea, catechins are released by bionic brew, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Green tea is also best for controlling your blood pressure. Try to take three or more cups per day. Another food enriched with a lot of nutrients that you mostly use in your diet is Spinach. Spinach provides many nutrients such as chlorophyll, folate, iron, magnesium, fiber, vitamin C, plant protein, Vitamin A, etc. Vitamin C, E, A has antioxidant properties that are useful for your skin. Spinach is a cure for all your skin problems because of the abundance of antioxidants. Use this fantastic food in your daily routine to get clear and flawless skin. Some seeds that are good for your skin are flax seeds, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, hemp seeds, chia seeds. Sunflower seeds and pumpkin seeds are a great source of magnesium, Vitamin E and protein, and selenium. Protein and selenium effectively keep you away from wrinkles; vitamin E moisturizes your skin while magnesium helps lower stress levels. Flax, hemp, and chia seeds have healthy omega-three fatty acids, which helps to prevent acne and wrinkles. All these seeds have protein in them. For perfect and smooth skin, sprinkles seeds on your oatmeal, fruit yogurt, or salad. You can also add seeds to your smoothies. Which seed do you like the most? How do you take them? Let us know in the comment box below. Celery is another food that is effective for the skin. Never ignore this veggie as it is enriched with vitamin K that reduces blood pressure and keeps healthy blood circulation. Resultantly it will lessen your stress; stress badly affects your skin and cause migraines and sometimes cancer. Celery is also a natural source of potassium, sodium, and water, which keep your body hydrated. As you all know, dehydration can cause dryness, wrinkles, flaking, and skin inflammation. I recommend you take celery daily (if not daily, take at least every other day). Another benefit of celery is that it has low calories. Papaya is enriched with many nutrients that are beneficial for the skin. It has low calories with no cholesterol. So, it is also useful in losing weight. A very little fructose is present in papaya, which is good for digestion. Antioxidants, such as beta-carotene, vitamin C, and Vitamin E, are sufficient to prevent acne. Vitamin C is also present, which saves your skin from the sun.

To guarantee successful recovery of your tooth extraction, follow these instructions carefully. After your Extraction | ✆ Calls us It is normal to experience some discomfort for several days after a tooth extraction, however, should you happen to experience any of the following please contact us as soon as possible: - If you are experiencing excessive or increased bleeding at any time after your surgery. - Swelling will not become apparent until the day following surgery and will not reach its peak for 2-3 days. After that time, if the swelling does not decrease, please contact us immediately. - A bad taste or odor in your mouth. - A reaction to the medication. First 24 hours It is important that a blood clot forms on the extraction site help it heal faster, stop the bleeding, and reduce pain. To protect the clot and avoid the pain of dry socket we encourage you to do the following: - Rest after Tooth Extraction. You may feel great but don’t exercise or do too much activity for at least 24 hours. When resting, keep your head in a slightly upright position on the pillow. - Bite on a gauze pad firmly for 30-60 minutes. Blood and saliva mix in the mouth and make it look like there is more bleeding than there really is. Some oozing is normal; however, after 1 hour, repeat with a clean gauze pad if oozing is profuse. The site could ooze for as long as 24 hours. - Take soft and liquid foods like soups, mashed potatoes, yogurts, milkshakes, smoothies, etc. - Don’t spit, and don’t suck on candies or through a straw. - Don’t rinse your mouth, and don’t brush or floss next to the site. - Don’t smoke or use tobacco. Avoid tobacco for at least 72 hours for it will slow down the healing process. - Don’t sneeze or cough, have sinus or allergy medication on hand if necessary. - Don’t drink hot, carbonated, or alcoholic drinks, and avoid hot or spicy foods. - To control discomfort, take pain medication before the anesthetic has worn off or as recommended. - To keep swelling to a minimum use an ice bag over the area for 20 minutes and wait for another 20 to use the ice bag again. - When the numbness has worn off completely drink lots of fluids and eat only soft nutritious foods. After The First 24 hours You may begin to eat normally once it is comfortable. - Resume brushing and flossing the area make sure to be gentle. - If antibiotics were prescribed continue to take them for the indicated length of time even if all symptoms and signs of infections are gone. - Reduce remaining soreness or swelling by applying moist heat. Swelling should start to go down after 48 hours. - Further reduce swelling by rinsing your mouth very gently with warm salt water. Use about 1 teaspoon of salt per glass. Do this 2-3 times a day for a week after the extraction.

10 Mistakes You Might Be Making with Sweet Potatoes These tubers are nutritious and delicious! Make sure you're buying, cooking and storing them the right way to get the best flavor. Buying the ones with blemishes and bruises I’m all about ugly food, don’t get me wrong. But sweet potatoes with cuts, gouges, bruises, and blemishes have already started going bad. You can cut out the bruised parts and cube the rest for roasted side dishes, but they’re not a candidate for any recipe that calls for a whole baked sweet potato. Storing them in the refrigerator The worst thing you can do with your sweet potatoes is put them in the refrigerator. It’s too cold in there, which changes the potato’s cell structure and makes them hard in the center (even after you cook them). The best way to store sweet potatoes is to find a cool, dark area and they’ll cook up soft and sweet every time. Learn more food storage guidelines you should know to keep your food at its best. Skipping the scrub-and-wash step You always—always—want to wash the skins before cooking or cutting sweet potatoes. It’s never a bad idea to give them a firm scrubbing with a clean vegetable brush, either. Sweet potatoes do grow in the ground, after all, and you don’t want any of that dirt or grit to end up in your finished dish. Not eating the skins A lot of people wonder if sweet potato skins are edible. They are, and you should definitely be eating them! Keeping the skin on concentrates the sweet potato’s nutrients, and it also helps the insides stay moist as the potato cooks. Storing cut sweet potatoes without water Cutting sweet potatoes in advance is a great way to meal-prep your way to an easier weeknight dinner. You can absolutely cut sweet potatoes a day or two in advance, but make sure to store them in cold water in the refrigerator. Otherwise, they’ll dry out pretty quickly after they’re cut. Boiling them for sweet potato pie Sweet potato pie is a fall staple (one of the benefits of being a superfood you can turn into comfort food)—I’ll even go so far as to say it’s better than pumpkin pie! Many recipes call for boiling or steaming the potatoes to cook them for the filling, but this makes the pie watery. Instead, bake the potato in the oven to concentrate its sweetness. Baking them without poking holes in the skin I have first-hand witnessed a potato explosion in the oven, and let me tell you: It is not a pretty sight. The pressure inside a sweet (or regular) potato can build up in a hot oven. Pricking small holes in the skins with a fork is an easy way to let that steam escape. Using the microwave to cook sweet potatoes OK, I get it: Baking a sweet potato in the oven can take 45 minutes to an hour, or a mere five minutes in the microwave. The only problem is that the microwave cooks the potato unevenly, remaining hard and lumpy in some spots while overly soft and mushy in others. Luckily, you don’t have to cook sweet potatoes every night; once cooked, they’re good in the refrigerator for up to a week! If you’re in need of fast kitchen tricks, try these brilliant kitchen hacks instead. Not checking if the potato is actually cooked There is nothing worse than an undercooked sweet potato. Instead of being tender and moist, it’ll be hard and crunchy. Since every sweet potato varies in size and thickness, you can’t simply trust that it will cook in 45 minutes. Check for yourself by poking the potato with a fork. If it goes in easily, it’s ready to eat! Thinking they’re only for Thanksgiving dinner Sweet potatoes are so much more than the marshmallow-topped holiday side dish you had growing up. There are so many ways to cook (and eat) sweet potatoes—including for breakfast! Don’t be afraid to use them in place of regular potatoes in your favorite recipes. You can toss ’em on the grill, use them in soups, and even turn them into dessert. Plus, adding this secret ingredient will completely transform sweet potatoes for you.

I woke up at 4 a.m. And listened. What was that sound? I wasn’t sure. I hoped. I got up. And there it was. We’ve had less than 4 inches of rain in the last four months; normally we’d have gotten 16 inches. The last real rain, of more than an inch, was September 19. Over and over I’d seen rain forecasted, and then it would evaporate in the boiling sun. I lived in fear of fire. Yesterday, the sky looked like it meant business. The temperature dropped and the air was moist. I took a long walk and I could feel the water waiting to fall. The breeze felt like cold cream on my face. Still it held off. Now, at 4 a.m., my eyes could finally relax, staring at the black reflection on the patio. I listened to that beautiful music, those waterfall rhythms, and went back to bed. I couldn’t sleep, but it didn’t matter. I just listened. When it was finally light enough, I went outside just to look. The birds were chirping with delight. I took photos of wet leaves to capture their palette. Here’s a series of palettes I’ve made from nature photos, including those two, which are on the top row. The purple splotch is a beauty berry plant. Apart from that, the rain-soaked leaves have the most vivid palette. And all that color came from this gray sky. As we drove to Tom’s appointments today, the views were filled with brilliant reds, oranges and yellows. The colors popped under their shiny clear raincoats. I’ve missed this so much. Today’s penny is a 2007, the year of North Georgia’s previous drought.

Trying to find that perfect balance between fluffy, moist and creamy, this brownie recipe delivers that with every bite. The addition of the chocolate discs at the end is a hidden surprise when you take that first bite. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.

Endemic to southern India—the state of Kerala, in particular—this plant’s berries have been traded as a valuable good starting as early as 1000 BCE. Today, black pepper has become one of the most commonly used spices in the world, finding a place on almost every table. Although considered a spice, this climbing vine actually produces berries which are fermented, dried, and crushed to create the powder that ends up in shakers. Due to its affinity for climbing, you will need to provide a trellis or fence in order for it to prosper. It should also be noted that it can be very difficult to start pepper plants from seeds, so use cuttings instead if possible. The Malabar peppercorn originated in the region of Malabar, India and is one of the most widely-used pepper varietals in the world thanks to its sharp, earthy flavor that maintains its pungency even when cooked. Like most other varieties of peppercorn, the Malabar type prefers warm, humid climates and should be grown indoors or in a greenhouse in USDA Zones 1–9. Seed Depth: 1/4″ Space Between Plants: 3″ Space Between Rows: 6″ Germination Soil Temperature: 80°F Days for Germination: 30–35 Sow Indoors: If you do not live in the tropics. Sow Outdoors: In early spring. Vegetative: Take an 8–10 inch cutting from a pre-existing healthy peppercorn vine, splice the stem vertically about 1/2 of an inch, and place either in a wet paper towel for travel or cup of water immediately. Wait for roots to sprout. When multiple roots are visible, each a few inches long, plant in soil or soilless mix. Piper nigrum is a tropical vine that cannot tolerate low temperatures or dry conditions. Therefore, zones that rarely dip below 60°F, receive plenty of rainfall, and maintain an average humidity are its natural habitat. The vine can be grown indoors only with proper lighting and pollination techniques. When growing indoors, spray foliage twice a week to mimic humidity. Natural: Partial shade. Artificial: Use fluorescent lamps a few feet away for up to 12 hours a day. Soil: Well-drained and high in organic matter with a neutral pH. A sandy, loamy, virgin soil is best. Soilless: Can germinate in soilless mix. Hydroponics: Thrives in an ebb and flow hydroponic system. Aeroponics: Can trive in an aeroponic system, but be mindful, since this plant needs plenty of moisture. Water: Keep soil moist at all times: in India, plants receive anywhere from 60–160″ of rainfall a year! In drier areas, spray leaves with water to increase humidity. Nutrients: Fertile soil yields best results. Demanding as it is, be sure to supplement soil with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Foliar: This plant will benefit from an Epsom salt foliar spray to deliver fast and effective magnesium. Magnesium strengthens cell walls and improves uptake ability of major nutrients. Pruning: Since this vine can grow up to 15 feet tall, pruning the tips to promote horizontal bushy growth can be beneficial. Mulching: Keeps soil wetter for longer by decreasing exposure. Mulch is also a great way to reduce weeds. Pest(s): The peppercorn is not threatened largely by pests, but watch for: Rotation: Because of their high demand for nutrients, soil leeching can occur. The average life cycle of a healthy flowering fruiting peppercorn is from years 3–7. Rotate every 7 years if largely cultivating outdoors. Companions: Grows well next to plants that prefer a similar climate, but offer benefits, such as cocoa. Also, trees with shaggy or rough bark can act as a natural trellises. Because of its demanding nature, however, the peppercorn does not have many friends. Harvest: Similar to grapes, peppercorns are berry fruits clustered onto spikes hanging from the stems of the vine. Peppercorns ripen from the familiar unripe color of green to a nice rosy red. For black peppercorns like the Malabar, harvest the berries before they ripen to red. They will be a soft yellow. Boil briefly, allow to ferment, and let dry in the sun for several days. When they are fully dried, they will be wrinkled and blackened. Storage: Store in an airtight container after drying for best results. Keep in a dark, cool cabinet for ultimate freshness. History: Starting thousands of years ago, peppercorns were extremely valuable and used as a form of currency in ancient India, which gave rise to it’s nickname “black gold.” As travel became easier and more sources for pepper were discovered, the value began to decline, but even today, pepper is still one of the most widely produced and traded spices in the world. Preserve: While ground pepper has an average shelf life of around 3 months, whole peppercorns can be kept indefinitely. Prepare: Freshly ground pepper can be added to any dish. Nutritional: Contains mainly vitamin(s) A, C, E, K, niacin, β-carotene, and traces of minerals such as iron, calcium, phosphorous. Medicinal: Peppercorn has often been associated with treating digestive disorders. Extracts of Piper nigrum have also been known to exhibit antibacterial properties. It is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and holds anti-cancer, anti-periodic, and anti-pyretic benefits. It can also help to lower body’s cholesterol levels. Warnings: Avoid eye contact. Thai Black Pepper and Garlic Tofu is not only nutritious, it’s also delicious!

Sick of just plain old hamburgers and hotdogs off the grill? Crank it up and try this tender and moist Beef Chuck Roast! THE INGREDIENTS YOU'LL NEED: - 3 – 3 lb Certified Angus Beef Chuck Roasts (approximate weight) - 3 cups – Beef Broth infused with Garlic Powder to taste - French Baguettes -- 2 , 12-14” long - Au jus from pan drippings - Favorite bbq sauce heated on grill 1. Inject roasts liberally with garlic beef broth – helps keep moisture in for a long slow cook. 2. Apply generous amount of BBQ Pit Boy Rub or your favorite rub off the shelf – SPRINKLE to cover, DO NOT rub seasoning into meat, this will create a paste keeping smoke from penetrating the meat as it cooks. 3. If you prefer, roasts can be braised for 3-4 hours – 250 degrees. 4. Place roasts over adjacent hot coals for indirect cooking. The grill temperature should be at 250 degrees Fahrenheit. Cook the roasts low and slow for 4-5 hours. 5. Be sure to add a piece of pecan wood or a chunk of your favorite wood prior to placing grill cover on. 6. After one hour, remove lid and check the roasts internal temperature. They should be at 145 degrees Fahrenheit. Be sure to spray roasts with garlic beef broth mixture to add moisture. Step 7 isn’t necessary, but we recommend it for a tenderer roast. 7. Take two pieces of heavy duty aluminum foil and double wrap each roast. This allows you to collect the juices from the roasts for your Au jus, and will help to tenderize the roasts over the next couple of hours. 8. Insert the meat thermometer through the foil and place back on grill. 9. Once the internal temperature reads between 195 – 200 degrees Fahrenheit, carefully remove roasts from the grill and open foil. Remove roasts from foil while preserving the juices in the foil. 10. Pour the remaining juice from the foil into a bowl for Au jus. 11. Allow roasts to rest for 15-20 minutes before chopping/shredding 12. Cut the French Baguettes into 4-6” pieces. 13. Fill each baguette with meat. 14. Take your Au jus and pour over sandwich, or dip sandwich directly into the bowl. 15. Cover roast with heated bbq sauce instead of Au jus. 16. Serve and enjoy! Not enough items available. Only [max] left.

Scombroid poisoning symptoms develop 20 to 30 minutes after you eat the affected fish. They include flushing (turning red) of the face, nausea, vomiting, hives, and abdominal pain. These symptoms are similar to other allergic reactions. Getting scombroid poisoning does not mean you are allergic to fish. How long does it take to get food poisoning from calamari? Symptoms usually appear 30–60 minutes after eating contaminated shellfish, but it could be a few hours before you start to feel sick. Severe cases may be fatal. Symptoms vary based on the type of toxin in the shellfish and can include: Numbness and tingling. Can you get food poisoning from calamari? Both fish and seafood are a high risk for food poisoning. If you like both of these then ensure that they have been completely thawed out before use. Also ensure that they are cooked thoroughly and at the correct temperature before you eat them. What happens if you eat undercooked calamari? You can get food poisoning from Calamari / squid. The main risk of calamari food poisoning comes from eating it raw or undercooked and getting sick from vibrio poisoning. Symptoms of calamari food poisoning typically appear within 24 hours and include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. How long does calamari food poisoning last? The symptoms of ciguatera poisoning can last for 1 to 2 weeks. Exactly how long they last will depend on the amount of poison you have in your body. The symptoms can come back any time you eat an affected fish. The symptoms of scombroid poisoning usually last for 24 hours or less. How do you know when calamari is off? When fresh squid spoils it changes color, losing its milkiness as it starts to turn red or yellow. “But the best way to tell whether squid is fresh,” says Wallace, “is to use your nose.” Fresh squid, which can be kept for a few days anyway, has a mildly sweet smell or no smell at all. Is it OK to eat raw calamari? It’s cheap, versatile, and tasty. It can be grilled, seared, boiled, braised, and even eaten raw as sashimi. One of the most popular preparations of squid is chopped, breaded, and fried. This is popularly referred to as calamari, though the term ‘calamari’ technically encompasses any squid eaten as food. Can you eat out of date calamari? Always stick to any use-by date, as expired foods may cause harm or illness, including food poisoning if eaten. How long can calamari stay in fridge? Fresh or previously frozen and thawed squid should be used within two days. How long can you keep fresh calamari in fridge? Clean and rinse squid, cuttlefish and octopus. Place on a plate or in a container, cover with a damp cloth and then with plastic wrap or the lid. Store in the coldest part of the fridge and use within 2 – 3 days. What does uncooked squid taste like? The uncooked, raw calamari taste like raw lobsters. Raw calamari is chewy and gives an interesting texture. Should calamari be pink? Cooked squid is opaque white and firm. Fresh or thawed squid should be moist, shiny and ivory colored. Pink, yellow or purple flesh indicates deterioration. How long do you boil calamari rings? Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil over high heat. Cut the calamari bodies into rings 3/4 inch thick. Add the calamari rings and tentacles to the boiling water and cook for 2 minutes. Can you eat leftover fried calamari? The answer to this question is yes, you don’t have to throw them away and you can definitely enjoy your leftovers for the next few days. There are a few things you need to keep in mind in order to reheat them correctly and end up with crispy and tasty fried calamari, as good as fresh ones. How long does room temperature calamari last? Whether it’s raw or cooked, fish can safely sit at room temperature for up to two hours. How long is frozen calamari good for? Properly stored, frozen calamari will maintain best quality for about 9 months in the freezer, although it will usually remain safe to eat after that. Can you reheat calamari? The best way to reheat calamari is in the oven. Preheat the oven to 370°F (190°C) and spread the calamari out on a wire rack. Spray the calamari with a light coating of oil and heat them for around 10 minutes, or until they’re hot to the touch. Should squid be slimy? If you’re shopping for squid at the fish markets, or your local seafood store, she recommends: Choosing one with shiny skin and a slightly translucent appearance. Avoiding slimy or dull-looking squid. Asking your fishmonger to cut up the squid for ready for cooking, just as you might a butcher. Can you refreeze thawed calamari? Yes, cooked or uncooked fish that has been thawed in the refrigerator can safely be frozen and refrozen.

How can I prevent smeared ink and droplets on my printouts? The print head can gather dust over time, which then gathers ink. This accumulated ink can get deposited on the substrate during printing. Cleaning the wiper blade and pump cap assembly can solve this problem. Do the following: - Turn off the printer. - Open the top cover and press the cutter solenoid down to release the print head. Note: This photo shows the Pro 4800 cutter solenoid assembly; the assembly in the Pro 4000 is black. - Move the print head to the left. - Locate the wiper blade and clean it with a moist cotton swab. Note: Most of the wiper blade is located behind the clear plastic shield, which may be difficult to clean. If you use a long cotton swab you'll be able to reach further back and clean the blade more thoroughly. The blade is split down the middle so be sure to clean both sides of the blade and inside the split. - Inspect the foam pad area of the pump cap assembly for any large pieces of debris and gently remove them with a moist cotton swab. Then use the swab to gently wipe the topside frame of the plastic housing that holds the multi-colored foam pad. Caution: Do not try to remove the foam pad. - The flushing box next to the multi-colored cap assembly does not typically come in contact with the print head, but you should gently clean any debris that may have accumulated there. - Close the top cover and turn on the printer. - Print a nozzle check and inspect the printed pattern. - If the nozzle check pattern looks good, you are ready to print; you don't need to continue with the following steps. - If the nozzle check pattern is not satisfactory, continue with the next step. - If the nozzle check pattern is not satisfactory, run a cleaning cycle and print another nozzle check. In the printer utility, be sure to select Print (not Auto) for the nozzle check. - If the nozzle check pattern is still not complete, repeat step 9 until you see a good nozzle check pattern or you have run three cleaning cycles. - If the nozzle check pattern looks good, you are ready to print. Published: Apr 30, 2007 Was this helpful? Thank you for the feedback!

Lucy and I were walking at Charles River Peninsula and I was surprised to see a vining wildflower running rampant that hasn’t been there for the last two years, the years I’ve been paying attention. It’s a vine with showy pink clusters of flowers, growing in the moist edges of the meadow. Why did it appear this year? It has edible tubers (similar to potatoes but apparently way more nutritious) and beans! The shoots and flowers are edible too. It was a staple food for Native Americans, who called it Hopniss, among other things… They prepared it boiled, peeled and dried, made into sweet preserves with maple syrup, or as seasoning… many ways! Apparently Europeans learned all about using groundnut as a food source from Native Americans and it was a major help for those early (1600s) colonists like the Pilgrims. It’s commercially farmed in Japan. Thoreau: “In case of a famine, I should soon resort to these roots.” Maybe we’ll need to try them. The best time to harvest them (for sweetest flavor) is after a frost, but before the ground freezes. Native. Groundnut, Wild Bean, Potato Bean, Indian Potato, Hodoimo, Hopniss (apios americana)

Frequently Asked Questions The Ready Campaign Q: What is the Ready Campaign? A: Ready is a national public service advertising campaign designed to educate and empower Americans to prepare for and respond to emergencies including natural disasters and potential terrorist attacks. The goal of the campaign is to get the public involved and ultimately to increase the level of basic preparedness across the nation. Ready asks individuals to do three key things: get an emergency supply kit, make a family emergency plan and be informed about the different types of emergencies that could occur and their appropriate responses. Individuals can visit ready.gov or call 1–800–BE–READY for information about emergency preparedness. Q: What does the Ready Campaign include? A: The Ready Campaign includes a general consumer campaign called Ready America. In addition, the campaign has extensions for pet owners, older Americans, and individuals with disabilities and other special needs. In 2004, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Ad Council launched Ready Business, an extension of the Ready Campaign that focuses on business preparedness. Ready Business helps owners and managers of small to medium–sized businesses prepare their employees, operations and assets in the event of an emergency. In 2006, DHS launched Ready Kids, a tool to help parents and teachers educate children, ages 8 – 12, about emergencies and how they can help get their family prepared. Listo is the Spanish–language version of the Ready Campaign. Visit Listo.gov for information in Spanish, or call 1–888–SE–LISTO. In addition, some state and local Offices of Emergency Management have translated preparedness information into additional languages. To find resources in your area, visit ready.gov. National Preparedness Month (NPM) Q: What is NPM? A: Sponsored by DHS' Ready Campaign, and with support from Coalition Members across the nation, NPM is held each September to increase public awareness about emergency preparedness. During the month, Americans are encouraged to participate by hosting activities and initiatives. In 2007, more than 1,800 organizations joined the Ready Campaign as Coalition Members, making it the most successful year to date. For more information about NPM, visit the Ready Web site: ready.gov. Q: How can I better prepare myself and my family for an emergency? A: The Ready Campaign and its DHS partner Citizen Corps ask Americans to take four steps: get an emergency supply kit, make a family emergency plan, be informed about the different types of emergencies that could occur and their appropriate responses, and get involved in the community. More information, including an emergency supply kit checklist and a family emergency plan template, is available on the Ready Web site (ready.gov) or by calling 1-800-BE-READY. Q: What should be included in an emergency supply kit? A: In a basic emergency supply kit, the Ready Campaign recommends including the following: - One gallon of water per person per day, for three days – remember to include enough for your pets, too - At least a three–day supply of non–perishable food. Select foods that require no refrigeration, preparation or cooking and little or no water and choose foods your family will eat: ready–to–eat canned meats, peanut butter, protein or fruit bars, dry cereal or granola. Also pack a manual can opener and eating utensils - Battery–powered or hand crank radio and a NOAA Weather Radio with tone alert and extra batteries for both - Flashlight and extra batteries - First aid kit - Whistle to signal for help - Dust mask, to help filter contaminated air and plastic sheeting and duct tape to shelter–in–place - Moist towelettes, garbage bags and plastic ties for personal sanitation - Wrench or pliers to turn off utilities - Local maps Ready also encourages an individual to think about the special needs of family members: - Prescription medications and glasses - Infant formula and diapers - Pet food, extra water for your pet, leash and collar - Important family documents such as copies of insurance policies, identification and bank account records in a waterproof, portable container - Books, games, puzzles or other activities for children Q: How can I develop a family emergency plan? A: Preparing a family emergency plan is simple. You can get started by using a free family emergency plan template available at ready.gov. A family emergency plan can help a family to stay in contact if they are separated during an emergency. Q: How can I stay informed about emergencies? A: It's important that you know the potential emergencies that can happen in your state, region and community. Go to ready.gov and click on Ready America, then Community and States Information to find out more information about your local area. For specific questions about the area where you live, contact your state or local Office of Emergency Management. Ready recommends including a battery operated radio, such as a NOAA radio with tone alert, to stay apprised of developments during emergencies. It is always important to listen to and follow the advice of local officials in the event of an emergency. Q: How can I talk to kids about emergency preparedness? A: The Ready Kids Web site focuses on weather–related emergencies and help parents educate children, ages 8–12, about emergencies and how they can help their families prepare. DHS encourages parents to visit the web site with their children. In addition, DHS has developed Ready Kids in–school materials for teachers which are available at ready.gov or by calling 1–800–BE–READY. The Ready Campaign consulted a number of organizations experienced in education and children's health including the American Psychological Association, American Red Cross, U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to develop Ready Kids. Together, these experts agree that it is appropriate to reach children, parents and teachers to discuss potential emergencies and how to be prepared. Q: How can pet owners prepare for emergencies? A: Pet owners should assemble an emergency supply kit that includes enough pet food and water for three days, medications and medical records, leashes, ID tags and other appropriate supplies. It's also recommended that pet owners have an emergency plan which considers the needs of their pets and they learn more about the types of emergencies that could happen in their area and the appropriate responses. Pet owners can download a free brochure from the Ready web site at ready.gov, or request a copy by calling 1–800–BE–READY. The Ready Campaign consulted with a number of organizations experienced in animal health and well–being to develop Ready for Pet Owners information. These organizations include American Kennel Club, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, American Veterinary Medical Association and Humane Society of the United States. Q: How can older Americans and individuals with disabilities and other special needs prepare for emergencies? A: Ready encourages individuals to make an emergency supply kit including food and water, medications and medical records, and personal items such as eyeglasses, hearing aids, wheelchair batteries and other appropriate supplies. Ready also recommends that individuals develop an emergency plan that considers their unique needs and a personal support network they can call upon in the event of an emergency. To learn more, visit ready.gov for a free brochure or call 1–800–BE–READY. The Ready Campaign consulted with a number of organizations experienced in the health and well–being of older Americans and individuals with disabilities and other special needs to develop Ready information tailored to their unique needs. These organizations include AARP, American Red Cross and the National Organization on Disability. Q: What steps should businesses take to prepare? A: Ready Business is designed to inform owners and managers of small– and medium–sized business about what they can do to prepare their businesses in the event of an emergency. The goal of this program is to raise the business community's awareness of the need for emergency planning and motivate them to: plan to stay in business; talk to their employees; and protect their investment. Ready Business was developed by the Ready Campaign and launched in partnership with the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Small Business Administration, Society of Human Resource Management, The Business Roundtable, The 9/11 Public Discourse Project, ASIS International, Business Executives for National Security, International Safety Equipment Association, International Security Management Association, National Association of Manufacturers, National Federation of Independent Businesses and Occupational Safety and Health Administration. For more information about business emergency preparedness visit ready.gov, and click on Ready Business. Q: What is Citizen Corps? A: Citizen Corps is a grassroots initiative to strengthen America's communities and increase their resiliency to the wide array of natural and man-made hazards that threaten our safety and security. The program was created by the President in 2002 and is headquartered in the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Community Preparedness Division. Inspired by the vast outpouring of spontaneous volunteer support after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, Citizen Corps strives to answer the essential questions "What can I do?" and "How can I help?" in a meaningful way. Citizen Corps does this by providing local opportunities for Americans of all abilities to prepare, train and volunteer to help address all types of natural and man-made hazards. Please visit citizencorps.gov for more information. Q: What is the Citizen Corps mission? A: Citizen Corps' mission is to bring community and government leaders together to coordinate the involvement of community members and non-governmental resources in emergency preparedness, planning, mitigation, response, and recovery. Q: How does Citizen Corps work? A: With so many different roles and functions to play in an emergency, successful response and recovery must be supported by well-coordinated planning, training, and preparation. Citizen Corps Councils are designed to bring together government, community leaders, first responders, emergency managers, businesses, non-profit and volunteer organizations, and other groups with a direct interest in strengthening their communities. When disaster strikes, everyone knows what their role is, who they need to coordinate with, and how to get support where and when it is needed most. Q: Where are Citizen Corps Councils located? A: More than 2,200 state, local, tribal and territorial governments in all 56 states and U.S. territories have formed Citizen Corps Councils, and every day new Councils are formed in communities around the country. These Councils help drive local citizen preparedness and participation by assessing possible threats, identifying local resources, developing community action plans, and coordinating Citizen Corps programs to train and exercise volunteers. To find a Council near you, visit citizencorps.gov/cc/CouncilMapIndex.do. Q: What are Citizen Corps Partner Programs and Affiliates? A: Citizen Corps works with five national Partner Programs through partnerships with other federal agencies and national organizations. The five programs — Community Emergency Response Teams (CERT), Medical Reserve Corps (MRC), Fire Corps, USA On Watch/ Neighborhood Watch (NWP), and Volunteers in Police Service (VIPS) — provide national resources for training and exercising citizens at the state and local levels. In addition, 25 Citizen Corps Affiliate Programs and Organizations offer community resources for public education, outreach, and training; represent volunteers interested in helping to make their community safer; or offer volunteer service opportunities to support first responders, disaster relief activities, and community safety efforts. Visit citizencorps.gov/programs/ for more information.

Lilies are probably the most in style flowers on the planet and are liked for his or her lovely blooms. Whereas they’re comparatively simple to look after, there are some things you want to know to make sure your lily plant thrives. On this full rising information, we are going to cowl every little thing from planting to watering to fertilizing lilies. By following these easy ideas, you’ll have attractive lilies that can bloom yr after yr. About lily plant Lily is a flowering plant that is available in many alternative colours, shapes, and sizes. The lily plant is native to the northern hemisphere and could be present in North America, Europe, and Asia. Lily vegetation desire to develop in moist soil and in areas with full solar. Lilies are recognized for his or her lovely flowers that bloom within the springtime. The most well-liked kind of lily is the Easter lily, which has white flowers with a yellow heart. Lily vegetation additionally produce bulbs, which could be planted to develop new lily vegetation. Lilies are usually not solely fairly to have a look at, however additionally they have some attention-grabbing historical past behind them. For instance, do you know that the phrase “lily” comes from the Latin phrase for “milk”? It is because early Christians believed that the Virgin Mary was born surrounded by a discipline of white lilies. Should you’re searching for a lovely flower so as to add to your backyard, take into account planting a lily plant! Learn how to look after a lily plant Lilies are probably the most in style flowers on the planet they usually are available in many alternative colours. They’re additionally a very simple plant to care for, which makes them much more in style. If you wish to have a lily plant of your personal, here’s what you want to do: First, you have to to discover a pot that’s sufficiently big in your lily plant. The pot ought to have drainage holes within the backside in order that the water can drain out. Additionally, you will have to put some rocks or gravel within the backside of the pot earlier than including soil. It will assist with drainage as properly. After getting your pot prepared, it is time to add some soil. You should utilize any kind of potting combine for lilies. Simply guarantee that it’s well-draining and incorporates some natural matter. It’s also possible to add a slow-release fertilizer to the soil earlier than planting your lily bulbs. When you’re able to plant your bulbs, merely dig a gap that’s twice as deep because the bulb itself and place the bulb within the gap with the sharp facet up. Then, backfill with soil and water properly. Make sure you preserve the soil moist however not soggy till new progress seems. As soon as your lily plant has began rising, you may transfer it open air in case you like. Simply make sure you acclimate it slowly by placing it in a shady spot at first and regularly transferring it into full solar over a interval of about two weeks. Lilies desire full solar however they may nonetheless do nice in partial shade too. Watering might be an important a part of taking good care of lilies since they like their roots to be moist always however not soggy or moist (this could trigger root rot). Water deeply about as soon as per week and extra typically if wanted throughout scorching climate or if rainfall is scarce. It is at all times higher to underwater than overwater in relation to lilies! Fertilizing each few weeks throughout energetic progress durations will assist preserve your lily plant wholesome and blooming superbly yr after yr! Watering a lily plant Lily vegetation are lovely, aromatic flowers that make an amazing addition to any dwelling or backyard. Although they’re typically considered being low-maintenance, they do require some care and a spotlight, particularly in relation to watering. Listed here are a couple of recommendations on find out how to water your lily plant: 1. Water on the base of the plant. Keep away from getting water on the leaves, as this could trigger them to rot. 2. Water within the morning in order that the plant has time to soak up the water earlier than dusk. 3. Enable the soil to dry out between watering classes. Overwatering could be simply as dangerous as underwatering. 4. Should you stay in an space with arduous water, think about using distilled or rainwater in your lily plant. Laborious water may cause mineral buildup on the leaves and stems, which might ultimately kill the plant. Daylight Necessities of a lily plant Lilies are a lovely and in style flower, however they are often finicky to develop. Some of the vital issues to get proper when rising lilies is their daylight necessities. Lilies want no less than six hours of direct daylight every day in an effort to thrive. They will even do properly in partial shade, so long as they nonetheless obtain loads of direct daylight every day. Should you stay in an space with highly regarded summers, it is best to plant your lilies in an space that receives some afternoon shade to guard them from the most well liked solar. If you do not have a spot in your backyard that will get six hours of direct daylight every day, you may strive rising lilies in containers that may be moved round to make sure they get sufficient mild. Simply make sure that the containers are massive sufficient to accommodate the roots of the lily vegetation and have drainage holes so the roots do not change into waterlogged. Correct Temperature for a lily plant Lily vegetation are probably the most in style flowers on the planet. They arrive in all kinds of colours and sizes, they usually have an extended blooming season. Lily vegetation want full solar to partial shade, they usually desire well-drained soil. Lily vegetation are additionally comparatively drought tolerant. With regards to temperature, lily vegetation desire heat climate. They may tolerate some chilly climate, however they won’t do properly if the temperatures dip beneath freezing for an prolonged time period. Should you stay in an space that will get chilly winters, you have to to convey your lily plant indoors or preserve it in a greenhouse through the winter months. Fertilizing Your lily plant Lilies are probably the most in style flowers on the planet. They arrive in a variety of colours and sizes, they usually have an extended blooming season. Lilies are additionally comparatively simple to look after, which makes them an amazing selection for starting gardeners. Some of the vital issues you are able to do to make sure that your lily vegetation thrive is to fertilize them regularly. Fertilizing helps lilies to develop robust roots, produce extra flowers, and resist illness. Listed here are some recommendations on find out how to fertilize your lily vegetation: – Use a balanced fertilizer that’s formulated particularly for lilies. Yow will discover these at most backyard facilities or on-line retailers that promote gardening provides. – Apply fertilizer across the base of the plant, taking care to not get any on the leaves or stems. – Water the plant totally after making use of fertilizer in order that it may well soak up vitamins from the soil. – Fertilize your lily vegetation each two weeks throughout their rising season, which runs from early spring till late summer time. Propagating lily plant Lily bulbs are greatest propagated within the fall, after the leaves have died again naturally. This permits the bulb to place all its vitality into creating roots earlier than it has to start out producing leaves and flowers. To propagate lilies from bulbs, begin by digging up the bulbs you wish to use for propagation. Gently brush away any dust after which minimize off the foundation system with a pointy knife, being cautious to not harm the bulb itself. Every bulb ought to have no less than one wholesome leaf remaining. Subsequent, plant the bulbs in a pot or container crammed with well-draining soil combine. Water them totally after which place them in a cool, darkish location till new progress seems. As soon as new leaves start to look, transfer the pots to a sunny location and proceed watering as wanted. In time, your lily bulbs will produce new offsets that may be transplanted into their very own pots or out of doors backyard beds. Widespread Issues With lily plant Should you’re fascinated with planting lilies in your backyard, you may be questioning what issues you possibly can encounter. Listed here are a few of the commonest issues with lily vegetation: 1. Lily vegetation could be inclined to numerous illnesses, together with fungal illnesses like grey mould and botrytis, in addition to viral illnesses like lily mosaic virus. 2. Lily vegetation will also be attacked by quite a lot of pests, together with aphids, thrips, and spider mites. 3. If the circumstances are proper (i.e., if there’s an excessive amount of moisture and never sufficient air circulation), lily vegetation can even develop bulb rot. 4. Lastly, deer and different animals generally prefer to eat lily vegetation, so in case you stay in an space the place deer are prevalent, you will have to take steps to guard your vegetation (akin to fencing them in). Learn how to look after a lily plant Lilies are probably the most in style flowers on the planet they usually are available in many alternative colours. They’re additionally comparatively simple to care for, so long as you understand a couple of primary ideas. Listed here are some issues to remember when caring in your lily plant: -Lilies desire a sunny spot, however can tolerate some shade. Should you stay in an space with highly regarded summers, it is best to offer some afternoon shade in your lily plant. -Lilies want well-drained soil. In case your soil is heavy or clay-like, combine in some sand or natural matter to enhance drainage. -Water lilies repeatedly, ensuring the soil stays moist however not soggy. Throughout scorching climate, you might have to water twice a day. -Fertilize month-to-month through the rising season (spring and summer time) with a balanced fertilizer akin to 10-10-10. In the reduction of on fertilizer through the fall and winter months. With just a bit little bit of care, your lily plant will thrive and produce lovely flowers yr after yr! Are lily plant simple to look after? Lily vegetation are usually not troublesome to look after, however there are some things you want to know to maintain them wholesome and blooming. Listed here are some recommendations on lily plant care: -Lilies desire a sunny spot within the backyard, however will tolerate partial shade. -Water lilies repeatedly, ensuring the soil is moist however not soggy. Fertilize month-to-month with a water-soluble fertilizer. -Pests and illnesses are usually not frequent issues with lilies, however be careful for aphids, scale bugs, and spider mites. Deal with infestations promptly with an applicable insecticide or natural management methodology. -Deadhead spent flowers to encourage extra blooms. In the reduction of the stems of completed flowering lilies to about 6 inches (15 cm) above the bottom. What vegetation are just like lily plant Lilies are a kind of flowering plant that are available in many alternative colours, shapes, and sizes. They’re a well-liked selection for gardens and as houseplants. Whereas there are a lot of various kinds of lilies, all of them share some frequent options. For instance, most lilies have massive, showy flowers that bloom within the summertime. There are lots of vegetation which might be just like lilies by way of their look and rising habits. Some examples embody: -Calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) -Daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) -Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum) -Japanese peace lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii) Every of those vegetation has massive, showy flowers that bloom through the summer time months. In addition they share an analogous leaf form and total progress behavior to lilies. Nonetheless, every plant has its personal distinctive options that set it other than different members of the Lily household. How lengthy lily plant stay? Lilies are probably the most in style flowers on the planet. They arrive in a variety of colours and sizes, they usually have an extended historical past courting again 1000’s of years. However how lengthy do lily vegetation stay? The reply to this query will depend on a number of components, together with the kind of lily plant, the rising circumstances, and the way properly the plant is cared for. Typically talking, most lily vegetation will stay for 3-5 years. Nonetheless, some forms of lilies can stay for for much longer – as much as 20 years or extra! So, in case you’re searching for a long-lived flower in your backyard, take into account planting some lilies. With correct care, they’ll give you years of magnificence. How Quick do lily plant Develop? Lily vegetation are probably the most in style flowers on the planet. They arrive in all kinds of colours and sizes, they usually have an extended blooming season. Lily vegetation are additionally comparatively simple to look after, which makes them a sensible choice for starting gardeners. However how briskly do lily vegetation develop? Lily vegetation can develop fairly quickly, particularly when they’re younger. In ideally suited circumstances, a lily plant can add a number of inches to its peak each week. Nonetheless, the speed of progress will decelerate because the plant matures. As soon as a lily plant reaches its full measurement, it would solely add an inch or two per yr. The speed of progress for a lily plant additionally will depend on the kind of lily. Some forms of lilies, akin to Asiatic lilies, are inclined to develop extra shortly than others. Daylilies additionally are usually quick growers. So in case you’re searching for a plant that can fill in your backyard shortly, search for certainly one of these kinds of lilies. After all, the rising circumstances additionally play a task in how briskly your lily plant will develop. Lily vegetation want full solar and well-drained soil in an effort to thrive. Should you stay in an space with scorching summers, you might want to offer some afternoon shade in your vegetation in order that they don’t get an excessive amount of solar publicity. And in case your soil is heavy or clay-like, you might have to amend it earlier than planting your lilies in order that they’ve the precise surroundings to develop in. Assuming you’ve gotten ideally suited rising circumstances and also you’ve chosen a fast-growing kind of lily, you may count on your plant to achieve its full peak inside two or three years time Are lily plant Protected or Poisonous for People or Pets ? Lilies are a lovely and in style flower, however do you know that they are often poisonous to people and pets? All components of the lily plant comprise toxins that may trigger vomiting, diarrhea, and even demise if ingested. Probably the most harmful a part of the lily is the bulb, which incorporates the best focus of poisons. Even small quantities of lily bulbs could be deadly to cats. Canines are additionally in danger, however they’re much less prone to eat lilies since they do not have a candy tooth. When you’ve got lilies in your house, make sure that to maintain them out of attain of kids and pets. Should you observe the information on this information, you’ll be properly in your method to efficiently rising lilies. Make sure you give your plant loads of solar and water, and do not forget to fertilize! With just a little little bit of care, you will have lovely blooms very quickly.