Datasets:

BMRetriever

/

biomed_retrieval_dataset

like 3

[ "In a large saucepan or Dutch oven over medium heat, saute onion and garlic in oil until tender. Add tomatoes, basil, parsley, salt, pepper and sugar; bring to a boil. Reduce heat; cover and simmer for 1-1/2 hours. Serve over spaghetti. Yield: 8 servings." ]

[ "1 Add chopped onion, mushrooms and garlic; saute until soft. 2 Add spaghetti sauce and seasonings, stir well. 3 Simmer over low heat for at least 10 minutes, but the longer the better. 4 Remember to stir occasionally to make sure it doesn't scorch.", "Add the spaghetti sauce, black beans, kidney beans, corn, and mix well. Stir in the cumin, red pepper sauce, salt, and ground black pepper. Simmer for 15 to 20 minutes. Meanwhile, in a large pot with boiling salted water cook spaghetti until al dente." ]

[ "Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes and almost never changes the number of chromosomes.rganisms, both prokaryotes (the archaea and the bacteria), and eukaryotes (such as protists and unicellular fungi), reproduce asexually through binary fission; most of these are also capable of sexual reproduction. Another type of fission is multiple fission that is advantageous to the plant life cycle." ]

[ "The bacterium shown at right is reproducing asexually, by binary fission. The definition of a species as a group of interbreeding individuals cannot be easily applied to organisms that reproduce only or mainly asexually. Also, many plants, and some animals, form hybrids in nature.", ". Most multicellular organisms are unable to reproduce by budding because there are too many specialized cell types within the organism. Sponges and hydras have only a few dif … ferent types of cells." ]

[ " Summary : Your child's health includes physical, mental and social well-being. Most parents know the basics of keeping children healthy, like offering them healthy foods, making sure they get enough sleep and exercise and insuring their safety. It is also important for children to get regular checkups with their health care provider. These visits are a chance to check your child's development. They are also a good time to catch or prevent problems. Other than checkups, school-age children should be seen for - Significant weight gain or loss - Sleep problems or change in behavior - Fever higher than 102 - Rashes or skin infections - Frequent sore throats - Breathing problems" ]

[ " Summary : Your child spends more time at school than anywhere else except home. Schools can have a major effect on children's health. Schools can teach children about health, and promote healthy behaviors. Physical education classes give children a chance to get exercise. Schools work to - Prevent risky behaviors such as alcohol and tobacco use, or bullying - Encourage healthy habits like exercise and healthy eating - Deal with specific health problems in students, such as asthma, obesity and infectious diseases The school building and environment should be a safe and healthy place for your child.", " Large meals can cause cramping and diarrhea, so eating smaller meals more often, or eating smaller portions, may help IBS symptoms. Eating meals that are low in fat and high in carbohydrates, such as pasta, rice, whole-grain breads and cereals, fruits, and vegetables may help.\n \nCertain foods and drinks may cause IBS symptoms in some children, such as\n \n- foods high in fat - milk products - drinks with caffeine - drinks with large amounts of artificial sweeteners, which are substances used in place of sugar - foods that may cause gas, such as beans and cabbage\n \nChildren with IBS may want to limit or avoid these foods. Keeping a food diary is a good way to track which foods cause symptoms so they can be excluded from or reduced in the diet.\n \nDietary fiber may lessen constipation in children with IBS, but it may not help with lowering pain. Fiber helps keep stool soft so it moves smoothly through the colon. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends children consume age plus 5 grams of fiber daily. A 7-year-old child, for example, should get 7 plus 5, or 12 grams, of fiber a day.3 Fiber may cause gas and trigger symptoms in some children with IBS. Increasing fiber intake by 2 to 3 grams per day may help reduce the risk of increased gas and bloating.\n \nMedications\n \nThe health care provider will select medications based on the childs symptoms. Caregivers should not give children any medications unless told to do so by a health care provider.\n \n- Fiber supplements. Fiber supplements may be recommended to relieve constipation when increasing dietary fiber is ineffective. - Laxatives. Constipation can be treated with laxative medications. Laxatives work in different ways, and a health care provider can provide information about which type is best. Caregivers should not give children laxatives unless told to do so by a health care provider. More information about different types of laxatives is provided in the NIDDK health topic, Constipation. - Antidiarrheals. Loperamide has been found to reduce diarrhea in children with IBS, though it does not reduce pain, bloating, or other symptoms. Loperamide reduces stool frequency and improves stool consistency by slowing the movement of stool through the colon. Medications to treat diarrhea in adults can be dangerous for infants and children and should only be given if told to do so by a health care provider. - Antispasmodics. Antispasmodics, such as hyoscine, cimetropium, and pinaverium, help to control colon muscle spasms and reduce abdominal pain. - Antidepressants. Tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in low doses can help relieve IBS symptoms including abdominal pain. These medications are thought to reduce the perception of pain, improve mood and sleep patterns, and adjust the activity of the GI tract.\n \nProbiotics\n \nProbiotics are live microorganisms, usually bacteria, that are similar to microorganisms normally found in the GI tract. Studies have found that probiotics, specifically Bifidobacteria and certain probiotic combinations, improve symptoms of IBS when taken in large enough amounts. But more research is needed. Probiotics can be found in dietary supplements, such as capsules, tablets, and powders, and in some foods, such as yogurt. A health care provider can give information about the right kind and right amount of probiotics to take to improve IBS symptoms. More information about probiotics can be found in the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine fact sheet An Introduction to Probiotics.\n \nTherapies for Mental Health Problems\n \nThe following therapies can help improve IBS symptoms due to mental health problems:\n \n- Talk therapy. Talking with a therapist may reduce stress and improve IBS symptoms. Two types of talk therapy used to treat IBS are cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic, or interpersonal, therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on the childs thoughts and actions. Psychodynamic therapy focuses on how emotions affect IBS symptoms. This type of therapy often involves relaxation and stress management techniques. - Hypnotherapy. In hypnotherapy, the therapist uses hypnosis to help the child relax into a trancelike state. This type of therapy may help the child relax the muscles in the colon." ]

[ "INTRODUCTION The Fundamental Use of Surgical Energy (FUSE) program includes a Web-based didactic curriculum and a high-stakes multiple-choice question examination with the goal to provide certification of knowledge on the safe use of surgical energy-based devices. The purpose of this study was (1) to set a passing score through a psychometrically sound process and (2) to determine what pretest factors predicted passing the FUSE examination. METHODS Beta-testing of multiple-choice questions on 62 topics of importance to the safe use of surgical energy-based devices was performed. Eligible test takers were physicians with a minimum of 1 year of surgical training who were recruited by FUSE task force members. A pretest survey collected baseline information. RESULTS A total of 227 individuals completed the FUSE beta-test, and 208 completed the pretest survey. The passing/cut score for the first test form of the FUSE multiple-choice examination was determined using the modified Angoff methodology and for the second test form was determined using a linear equating methodology. The overall passing rate across the two examination forms was 81.5%. Self-reported time studying the FUSE Web-based curriculum for a minimum of >2 h was associated with a passing examination score (p < 0.001). Performance was not different based on increased years of surgical practice (p = 0.363), self-reported expertise on one or more types of energy-based devices (p = 0.683), participation in the FUSE postgraduate course (p = 0.426), or having reviewed the FUSE manual (p = 0.428). Logistic regression found that studying the FUSE didactics for >2 h predicted a passing score (OR 3.61; 95% CI 1.44-9.05; p = 0.006) independent of the other baseline characteristics recorded. CONCLUSION(S) The development of the FUSE examination, including the passing score, followed a psychometrically sound process. Self-reported time studying the FUSE curriculum predicted a passing score independent of other pretest characteristics such as years in practice and self-reported expertise." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE To evaluate the integrity of the welded end loop on unidirectional knotless suture after transabdominal passage in a canine cadaver. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo biomechanical study. STUDY POPULATION Four variations of unidirectional knotless suture and 1 canine cadaver. METHODS Welded end loop on strands consisted of 0 Quill polydioxanone (QP; n = 22), 0 Quill monoderm (QM; n = 23), 2-0 V-Loc 90 (V9; n = 12), and 2-0 V-Loc 180 (V18; n = 12). Half of the suture strands in each group were passed percutaneously through an insufflated cadaveric body wall, and the remaining half served as intact controls. A linear testing machine was used to load the sutures to failure. Modes of and loads to failure were compared within and between suture types. RESULTS Loads to failure did not differ between sutures passed through the body wall and their controls when the loop remained intact. Sutures V9, V18, and QM sustained higher loads to failure compared with QP. All Quill suture lines failed at the weld during testing. Thirty-three percent of QP sutures failed at the weld during initial passage through the body wall. V-Loc sutures failed at the suture-apparatus interface, within the welded loop, or a combination. CONCLUSION Passing suture through a cadaveric body wall did not affect the integrity of the welded end loop of any of the unidirectional knotless sutures tested here when the loop remained intact. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Unidirectional knotless suture (V9, V18 and QM) can be safely passed through a canine body wall for use in laparoscopic procedures. The use of QP in this manner cannot be recommended.", "The novel coronavirus (nCoV-2019) outbreak in Wuhan, China has spread rapidly nationwide, with some cases occurring in other parts of the world. Although most patients present with mild febrile illness with patchy pulmonary inflammation, a significant portion develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with a current case fatality of 2.3-3%. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and laboratory and chest radiographic findings, but confirmation currently relies on nucleic acid-based assays. The latter are playing an important role in facilitating patient isolation, treatment and assessment of infectious activities. However, due to their limited capacity to handle an epidemic of the current scale and insufficient supply of assay kits, only a portion of suspected cases can be tested, leading to incompleteness and inaccuracy in updating new cases, as well as delayed diagnosis. Furthermore, there has not been enough time to assess specificity and sensitivity. Conventional serological assays, such as enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for specific IgM and IgG antibodies, should offer a high-throughput alternative, which allows for uniform tests for all suspected patients, and can facilitate more complete identification of infected cases and avoidance of unnecessary cross infection among unselected patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved." ]

[ "Bright red blood and increased quantity is not suggestive of infection alone, and I am thinking of a surgical cause a possibility. Most probably due to some injury at the exit point of the stools. You Need to consult doctor at the earliest, and you might need to meet a pediatric surgeon too. Wish your child a good health. Take care" ]

[ "Its especially common after DPT vaccine given at the age of your child. So don't worry. Infants show great variations in color, consistency and frequency of stools. Also, most infections of gut in this age are due to self limiting viral infections. So, is your baby is feeding well, active, alert and passing at least 6-8 times urine per day. Then there is no need for any further medications. Just ensure regular feeds to keep him well HY Chat Doctor. Antibiotics such as Cefuroxime may be used in case the child looks sick with blood in stools. It needs to be given after pediatric clinical examination.", ". . The symptoms as mentioned suggest that the red blotches around mouth were caused due to any particular food products. Bena Chat Doctor. But it is always better to administer a medication as per advise of a Pediatrician. . . otherwise it may lead to side effects. So. . . if such episodes occur repeatedly, then it will be better to consult a Pediatrician & find out the exact cause of development of red blotches around mouth and lips. Wishing your daughter a good health. Thanks & take care" ]

[ "Clinical trials have shown efficacy of the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which up-regulation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression confers resistance to trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancers. The expression of FAS as well as the cytotoxic effects of combinatorial treatment of trastuzumab and juglone was investigated by immunoblotting, BrdU incorporation, TUNEL assay, and soft agar assay. Pin1 enhanced EGF-induced SREBP1c promoter activity, resulting in the induction of FAS expression in BT474 cells. In contrast, juglone, a potent Pin1 inhibitor, significantly enhanced trastuzumab-induced FAS down-regulation and cell death in BT474 cells. Furthermore, trastuzumab, when used in combination with gene silencing or chemical inhibition of Pin1, increased cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA fragmentation to increase trastuzumab sensitivity" ]

[ "The prolyl isomerase Pin1 is widely over-expressed or over-activated in cancers and promotes tumorigenesis. The authors investigated the expression level of Pin1 and analyzed the prognostic value of Pin1 expression using a large-scale melanoma tissue microarray study. Two independent sets of tissue microarrays were employed, including 114 melanoma cases in the discovery set and 424 in the validation set (538 cases in total), 32 normal nevi and 86 dysplastic nevi 118 cases of nevi. The subcellular Pin1 expression in different stages of melanocytic lesions and its prognostic significance were studied. High expression (IRS 0-8) of cytoplasmic Pin1 was observed in 3.13%, 8.33%, 16.49% and 22.76% of the biopsies in normal nevi, dysplastic nevi, primary melanoma and metastatic melanoma, respectively. Significant differences for cytoplasmic Pin1 staining were observed between normal nevi and metastatic melanoma (P = 0.011, ÷2 test), between dysplastic nevi and primary melanoma (P = 0.046, ÷2 test) and between dysplastic nevi and metastatic melanoma (P = 0.016, ÷2 test). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that increased cytoplasmic Pin1 expression was associated with a worse 5-year melanoma-specific survival of melanoma (P < 0.001) and metastatic melanoma patients (P = 0.004). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that cytoplasmic Pin1 expression is an independent prognostic factor in melanoma. Our data indicate that cytoplasmic Pin1 plays an important role in melanoma pathogenesis and progression, and serve as a potential prognostic marker for melanoma.", "BACKGROUND: Radioresistance is the major cause of cancer treatment failure. Additionally, splicing dysregulation plays critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, the involvement of alternative splicing in resistance of cancer cells to radiotherapy remains elusive. We sought to investigate the key role of the splicing factor SRSF1 in the radioresistance in lung cancer.METHODS: Lung cancer cell lines, xenograft mice models, and RNA-seq were employed to study the detailed mechanisms of SRSF1 in lung cancer radioresistance. Clinical tumor tissues and TCGA dataset were utilized to determine the expression levels of distinct SRSF1-regulated splicing isoforms. KM-plotter was applied to analyze the survival of cancer patients with various levels of SRSF1-regulated splicing isoforms.FINDINGS: Splicing factors were screened to identify their roles in radioresistance, and SRSF1 was found to be involved in radioresistance in cancer cells. The level of SRSF1 is elevated in irradiation treated lung cancer cells, whereas knockdown of SRSF1 sensitizes cancer cells to irradiation. Mechanistically, SRSF1 modulates various cancer-related splicing events, particularly the splicing of PTPMT1, a PTEN-like mitochondrial phosphatase. Reduced SRSF1 favors the production of short isoforms of PTPMT1 upon irradiation, which in turn promotes phosphorylation of AMPK, thereby inducing DNA double-strand break to sensitize cancer cells to irradiation. Additionally, the level of the short isoform of PTPMT1 is decreased in cancer samples, which is correlated to cancer patients' survival.CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides mechanistic analyses of aberrant splicing in radioresistance in lung cancer cells, and establishes SRSF1 as a potential therapeutic target for sensitization of patients to radiotherapy." ]

[ "Choledochal cyst (CDC) is a congenital malformation of the bile ducts, which can include the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. We hypothesize that preoperative intrahepatic ductal dilation is not predictive of postoperative intrahepatic involvement. We retrospectively reviewed all cases of CDC in children diagnosed at a single institution between 1991 and 2013. Sixty-two patients were diagnosed with CDC during the study period with a median follow-up time of 2.25 (range 0-19.5) years. Forty-two patients (68%) were diagnosed with type I disease preoperatively, and 15 patients (24%) were diagnosed with type IV-A disease. The most common presenting symptoms included pain (34%), jaundice (28%), and pancreatitis (25%). There were no deaths or malignancies and only one postoperative stricture. Forty-two patients (68%) had intrahepatic ductal dilation preoperatively. Only four patients (9%) had intrahepatic ductal dilation following resection (P<0.0001). In one patient, this dilation resolved following stricture revision. Of the four patients with postoperative dilation, two were diagnosed with type I disease, and the other two were diagnosed with type IV-A disease preoperatively" ]

[ "Although the incidence of choledochal cyst (CC) diagnosed in the prenatal or neonatal period is increasing, excision of CC in early infancy is not universally recommended. To validate the rationale of excision of CC in the neonatal period, operative complications and the histologic grade of liver fibrosis at the time of excision of CC were compared in three age groups. 198 patients who underwent excision of CC, were divided into three age groups, i.e., within 30 days old (group 1, n = 11), 1 to 12 month-old (group 2, n = 40) and over 12 month-old (group 2, n = 147). Retrospective review of their medical records was performed. The overall operative complications were 12 (7 cholangitis, 4 bleeding, 1 ileus). No complication occurred in the group 1. The grade of liver fibrosis had statistically significant positive correlation among groups", "BACKGROUND: The classification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) has been reported in several studies, however, it remains controversial.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2015, 94 patients underwent hepatectomy for ICC. The ICCs of 63 of these patients were classified as predominantly small bile duct type or bile ductular type ICC and were included in this analysis.RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients (58.7%) were classified into the small bile duct ICC group, and 26 (41.3%) into the bile ductular ICC group. A multivariate analysis identified intrahepatic metastasis [hazard ratio (HR)=2.53, p=0.011], small bile duct ICC (HR=2.05, p=0.046) and portal vein invasion (HR 2.05, p=0.047) as independent prognostic factors for poorer survival.CONCLUSION: It is important to correctly distinguish between small bile duct and bile ductular ICC types because these two types clearly have different clinicopathological and prognostic features." ]

[ "The peptide hormone gastrin binds two ferric ions with high affinity, and iron binding is essential for the biological activity of non-amidated forms of the hormone. Since gastrins act as growth factors in gastrointestinal cancers, and as peptides labelled with Ga and In isotopes are increasingly used for cancer diagnosis, the ability of gastrins to bind other metal ions was investigated systematically by absorption spectroscopy. The coordination structures of the complexes were characterized by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Changes in the absorption of gastrin in the presence of increasing concentrations of Ga3+ were fitted by a 2 site model with dissociation constants (Kd) of 3.3 x 10-7 and 1.1 x 10-6 M. Although the absorption of gastrin did not change upon the addition of In3+ ions, the changes in absorbance on Fe3+ ion binding in the presence of indium ions were fitted by a 2 site model with Kd values for In3+ of 6.5 x 10-15 and 1.7 x 10-7 M. Similar results were obtained with Ru3+ ions, although the Kd values for Ru3+ of 2.6 x 10-13 and 1.2 x 10-5 M were slightly larger than observed for In3+. The structures determined by EXAFS all had metal:gastrin stoichiometries of 2:1 but, while the metal ions in the Fe, Ga and In complexes were bridged by a carboxylate and an oxygen with a metal-metal separation of 3.0-3.3 ?, the Ru complex clearly demonstrated a short range Ru-Ru separation, which was significantly shorter, at 2.4 ?, indicative of a metal-metal bond. We conclude that gastrin selectively binds two In3+ or Ru3+ ions, and that the affinity of the first site for In3+ or Ru3+ ions is higher than for ferric ions. Some of the metal ion-gastrin complexes may be useful for cancer diagnosis and therapy." ]

[ "Patients with metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) have limited systemic treatment options. The use of radiolabeled gastrin analogs targeting the cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R) is an attractive approach. However, their therapeutic efficacy is presumably decreased by their enzymatic degradation in vivo. We aimed to investigate whether the chemically stabilized analog 177Lu-DOTA-PP-F11N (177Lu-DOTA-(dGlu)6-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe-NH2) performs better than reference analogs with varying in vivo stability, namely 177Lu-DOTA-MG11 (177Lu-DOTA-dGlu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) and 177Lu-DOTA-PP-F11 (177Lu-DOTA-(dGlu)6-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2), and whether the use of protease inhibitors further improves CCKR2 targeting. First human data on 177Lu-DOTA-PP-F11N are also reported. Methods: In vitro stability of all analogs was assessed against a panel of extra- and intracellular endoproteases, whereas their in vitro evaluation was performed using the human MTC MZ-CRC-1 and the transfected A431-CCK2R(+) cell lines. Biodistribution without and with the protease inhibitors phosphoramidon and thiorphan was assessed 4 h after injection in MZ-CRC-1 and A431-CCK2R(+) dual xenografts. Autoradiography of 177Lu-DOTA-PP-F11N (without and with phosphoramidon) and NanoSPECT/CT were performed. SPECT/CT images of 177Lu-DOTA-PP-F11N in a metastatic MTC patient were also acquired. Results: natLu-DOTA-PP-F11N is less of a substrate for neprilysins than the other analogs, whereas intracellular cysteine proteases, such as cathepsin-L, might be involved in the degradation of gastrin analogs. The uptake of all radiotracers was higher in MZ-CRC-1 tumors than in A431-CCK2R(+), apparently because of the higher number of binding sites on MZ-CRC-1 cells. 177Lu-DOTA-PP-F11N had the same biodistribution as 177Lu-DOTA-PP-F11; however, uptake in the MZ-CRC-1 tumors was almost double (20.7 1.71 vs. 11.2 2.94 %IA [percentage injected activity]/g, P = 0.0002). Coadministration of phosphoramidon or thiorphan increases 177Lu-DOTA-MG11 uptake significantly in the CCK2R(+) tumors and stomach. Less profound was the effect on 177Lu-DOTA-PP-F11, whereas no influence or even reduction was observed for 177Lu-DOTA-PP-F11N (20.7 1.71 vs. 15.6 3.80 [with phosphoramidon] %IA/g, P < 0.05 in MZ-CRC-1 tumors). The first clinical data show high 177Lu-DOTA-PP-F11N accumulation in tumors, stomach, kidneys, and colon. Conclusion: The performance of 177Lu-DOTA-PP-F11N without protease inhibitors is as good as the performance of 177Lu-DOTA-MG11 in the presence of inhibitors. The human application of single compounds without unessential additives is preferable. Preliminary clinical data spotlight the stomach as a potential dose-limiting organ besides the kidneys.", "Ferritins are ubiquitous and conserved proteins endowed with enzymatic ferroxidase activity, that oxidize Fe(II) ions at the dimetal ferroxidase centre to form a mineralized Fe(III) oxide core deposited within the apo-protein shell. Herein, the in vitro formation of a heterodimetal cofactor constituted by Fe and Mn ions has been investigated in human H ferritin (hHFt). Namely, Mn and Fe binding at the hHFt ferroxidase centre and its effects on Fe(II) oxidation have been investigated by UV-Vis ferroxidation kinetics, fluorimetric titrations, multifrequency EPR, and preliminary M?ssbauer spectroscopy. Our results show that in hHFt, both Fe(II) and Mn(II) bind the ferroxidase centre forming a Fe-Mn cofactor. Moreover, molecular oxygen seems to favour Mn(II) binding and increases the ferroxidation activity of the Mn-loaded protein. The data suggest that Mn influences the Fe binding and the efficiency of the ferroxidation reaction. The higher efficiency of the Mn-Fe heterometallic centre may have a physiological relevance in specific cell types (i.e. glia cells), where the concentration of Mn is the same order of magnitude as iron." ]

[ "To investigate the role of Ca²(+) in lipofuscin formation in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that phagocytize bovine photoreceptor outer segments (POSs). Cultured human RPE cells fed with 2 × 10⁷per l bovine POS were treated with flunarizine, an antagonist of Ca²(+) channel, or/and centrophenoxine, a lipofuscin scavenger. The Ca²(+) changes and lipofuscin formation were measured with fluoresence dye Fluo-3/AM ester, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and flow cytometry (FCM). The activity of RPE cells was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) assay. The Ca²(+) fluorescence intensity (CFI) of RPE cells fed with POS was significantly increased compared with the controls (165.36 ± 29.92 U). It reached a peak with 777.33 ± 63.86 U (P<0.01) at 12 h, and then decreased but still maintained a high level of 316.90 ± 36.07 U (P<0.01) for 4 days. Flunarizine and centrophenoxine significantly decreased the Ca²(+) overload to 227.18 ± 14.00 U at 12 h and 211.06 ± 20.45 U at 4 days. FCM confirmed these changes. The drugs also showed an inhibitory effect on the lipofuscin formation. The proliferation rate of the cells fed with POS increased significantly. Both drugs had inhibitory effects on the activity of the cultured cells. This tendency was confirmed by AgNORs assay" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The induction of retinal pigmented epithelium cells (RPE) is one of the most important objectives in research focused on treating retinal degenerative diseases. The present study aims to differentiate human adipose stem cells (hADSCs) into RPE cells for replacement therapies in cases of retinal degenerative diseases.METHODS: Lipoaspirate-derived human adipose stem cells (LA-hADSCs) were obtained from abdominal samples and examined by immunocytochemistry for the expression of mesenchymal adipose stem cell markers. RPE cells were also obtained from human samples and cultured to be used as control after being examined for the expression of their designated markers. hADSCs differentiated into RPE cells after 80 days using chemical inducers in one steps. The differentiated cells were then compared to control cells in marker expression. The differentiated cells were also examined under a scanning electron microscope for the presence of apical microvilli and cell connection.RESULTS: Cultured hADSCs at the fourth passage was shown to express the surface markers CD90 (98 ± 2%), CD11b (96 ± 3%), and CD105 (95 ± 4%). The RPE cells obtained from human samples expressed the marker RPE65 quite well. 80 days after differentiation, the previously hADSCs expressed both RPE65 (100%) and CRALBP (96 ± 1%) and were thus significantly similar to the RPE cells obtained from human samples. Morphologically, differentiated cells appeared to have epithelial and cytoplasmic pigment granules. Observations using a scanning electron microscope recorded clear connections among the differentiated RPE cells and revealed apical microvilli.CONCLUSION: Human adipose stem cells can differentiate into retinal pigmented epithelium cells, which can be used in cell replacement therapy for degenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as well as retinitis pigmentosa (RP).", "The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), an important tissue monolayer of retina, sustains visual function and retinal homeostasis. In disease conditions such as Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) and Age related Macular degeneration (AMD), the integrity and functional capacity of RPE monolayer is compromised. Human embryonic stem cells derived RPE (hESC-RPE) is ideal for cell based therapy because of their ability to morphologically and functionally mimic native fetal and adult RPE. However protocols for optimum culture of hESC-RPE are not well established. To describe a simplified protocol for differentiating human embryonic stem cells (hESC) into retinal pigment epithelial cells. hESC (WA09-DL-11) cell lines were grown with standard stem cell culture protocol. After cell colonies were established, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was deprived (day 0). hESC colonies expressing pigmentation were characterized for expression of RPE65 and Zonular occludens--1 (ZO-1) with immunocytochemistry on days 0, 36, 42, 56 and 70 and western blot analysis on days 0, 40, 48, 53 and 63. In addition, morphological assessment was conducted on transformed cells longitudinally" ]

[ "Volume and cost have a close relationship." ]

[ "Volume and cost have no relationship whatsoever." ]

[ "The present study describes the prevalence of haematological and electrophoretic changes consistent with the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats without FIP living in six multicat environments with different prevalence of FIP and of other diseases. The results allow designing haematological and electrophoretic profiles typical of each group, most likely depending on the management and on the health status of the group rather than on the prevalence of FIP. In fact, many cats from the colonies with open management and frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases other than FIP had one or more haematological and/or electrophoretical changes consistent with FIP, compared with the reference ranges. In the case of non‐specific clinical signs such as fever or neurological signs because of diseases other than FIP, these cats would be erroneously considered as affected by FIP and euthanasized. The use of internal ranges designed on the basis of repeated samplings from non‐symptomatic cats allows avoiding these misinterpretations. Results from cats with symptoms consistent with FIP living in the same colonies were also compared with both the reference ranges and the internal ones: such a comparison demonstrated that the use of internal ranges rarely affected the possibility to correctly diagnose the disease in cats with symptoms suggestive of FIP." ]

[ "Reversible phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms of signal transduction, and signaling networks are critical regulators of cell growth and development. However, few of these networks have been delineated completely. Towards this end, quantitative phosphoproteomics is emerging as a useful tool enabling large-scale determination of relative phosphorylation levels. However, phosphoproteomics differs from classical proteomics by a more extensive sampling limitation due to the limited number of detectable sites per protein. Here, we propose a comprehensive quantitative analysis pipeline customized for phosphoproteome data from interventional experiments for identifying key proteins in specific pathways, discovering the protein-protein interactions and inferring the signaling network. We also made an effort to partially compensate for the missing value problem, a chronic issue for proteomics studies. The dataset used for this study was generated using SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino acids in Cell culture) technique with interventional experiments (kinase-dead mutations). The major components of the pipeline include phosphopeptide meta-analysis, correlation network analysis and causal relationship discovery. We have successfully applied our pipeline to interventional experiments identifying phosphorylation events underlying the transition to a filamentous growth form in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identified 5 high-confidence proteins from meta-analysis, and 19 hub proteins from correlation analysis (Pbi2p and Hsp42p were identified by both analyses). All these proteins are involved in stress responses. Nine of them have direct or indirect evidence of involvement in filamentous growth. In addition, we tested four of our predicted proteins, Nth1p, Pbi2p, Pdr12p and Rcn2p, by interventional phenotypic experiments and all of them present differential invasive growth, providing prospective validation of our approach. This comprehensive pipeline presents a systematic way for discovering signaling networks using interventional phosphoproteome data and can suggest candidate proteins for further investigation. We anticipate the methodology to be applicable as well to other interventional studies via different experimental platforms.", "Infection of the monocyte/macrophage lineage with feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is enhanced in the presence of anti-FIPV antibodies (antibody-dependent enhancement or ADE). We investigated the following unclear points concerning ADE of FIPV infection: (i) involvement of the virus receptor, feline aminopeptidase N (fAPN), in ADE activity in FIPV infection; (ii) necessity of acidification of the endosome in cellular invasion of FIPV. Virus receptor-blocking experiments using anti-fAPN antibodies at 4 or 37 degrees C and experiments using fAPN-negative U937 cells revealed that fAPN is not involved in ADE of FIPV infection. Experiments using lysosomotropic agents clarified that acidification of the endosome is necessary for cellular invasion by FIPV, regardless of the presence or absence of antibodies. These findings may be very important for understanding the mechanism of ADE of FIPV infection." ]

[ "Metastasis accounts for the poor outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer. We recently discovered PRSS3 to be over-expressed in metastatic human pancreatic cancer cells. This study aimed to elucidate the role of PRSS3 in the growth and metastasis of human pancreatic cancer. PRSS3 expression in human pancreatic cancer cell lines was detected by qPCR and immunoblotting. The effect of PRSS3 on cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, tumour growth and metastasis in vivo were investigated by manipulation of PRSS3 expression in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. VEGF expression was detected by ELISA, and the pathway through which PRSS3 regulates VEGF expression was investigated. The therapeutic effect of targeting this pathway on metastasis was assessed in vivo. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect PRSS3 expression in human pancreatic cancer tissues. PRSS3 was over-expressed in the metastatic PaTu8988s cell line, but not in the non-metastatic PaTu8988t cell line. Over-expression of PRSS3 promoted pancreatic cancer cell proliferation as well as invasion in vitro, and tumour progression and metastasis in vivo. Stepwise investigations demonstrated that PRSS3 upregulates VEGF expression via the PAR1-mediated ERK pathway. ERK inhibitor significantly delayed the progression of metastases of pancreatic cancer and prolonged the survival of animals bearing metastatic pancreatic cancer (p<0.05). 40.54% of human pancreatic cancers (n=74) were positive for PRSS3 protein. A significant correlation was observed between PRSS3 expression and metastasis (p<0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that patients with PRSS3 expression in their tumours had a shorter survival time compared to those without PRSS3 expression (p<0.05)" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Early invasion and metastasis are responsible for the dismal prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is recognized as a crucial biological progress in driving tumor invasion and metastasis. The transcription factor FOXO3a is inactivated in various types of solid cancers and the loss of FOXO3a is associated with EMT and tumor metastasis. In this study, we sought to explore whether SPRY2, a regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, is involved in FOXO3a-mediated EMT and metastasis in PDAC.METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed in 130 paired PDAC tissues and paracarcinomatous pancreatic tissues. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by cell counting kit and flow cytometry, while cell migration and invasion were evaluated with wound healing and transwell assays. The changes in mRNA and protein levels were estimated by qRT-PCR and western blot. BALB/c nude mice xenograft model was established to evaluate tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo.RESULTS: FOXO3a expression was remarkably reduced in PDAC tissues, and correlated with metastasis-associated clinicopathologic characteristics and poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. In addition to the promotion of proliferation and suppression of apoptosis, knockdown of FOXO3a or SPRY2 induced EMT and promoted the migration and invasion of PDAC cells via activation of the â-catenin/TCF4 pathway. Moreover, silencing of SPRY2 reversed the suppressor effects induced by FOXO3a overexpression on EMT-associated migration and invasion of PDAC cells, while blockade of â-catenin reversed the effects of SPRY2 loss. FOXO3a knockdown decreased SPRY2 protein stability, whereas SPRY2 knockdown enhanced â-catenin protein stability. In vivo, FOXO3a knockdown promoted the tumorigenic ability and metastasis of PDAC cells.CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that knockdown of FOXO3a induces EMT and promotes metastasis of PDAC by activation of the â-catenin/TCF4 pathway through SPRY2. Thus, FOXO3a may represent a candidate therapeutic target in PDAC.", "The aberrant activation of the FGFR signaling is detected in many solid tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we investigated the antitumor and anti-metastasis efficacy of the selective FGFR1 inhibitor, PD173074 in PDAC. We used immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses to demonstrate a strong correlation between FGFR1 amplification and/or expression and disease progression in PDAC patients. We showed that ALDHhigh (ALDH+) pancreatic cancer cells exhibited stem cell-like phenotype and expressed higher levels of FGFR1, Src, NF-êB, alongside stemness markers like Oct4 and Sox2, compared to their ALDHlow/null (ALDH-) counterparts, suggesting the preferential activation of the FGFR1/Src/NF-êB signaling axis in pancreatic cancer stem cells (panCSCs). Furthermore, treatment of the ALDHhigh/ FGFR1-rich pancreatic cancer cell lines with PD173074, a selective FGFR1 inhibitor, revealed that PD173074 inhibited the proliferation and self-renewal of the panCSCs, and induced their apoptosis by activating caspase-3 and cleaving Poly-ADP ribose Polymerase (PARP). The anti-CSCs effect of PD173074 was associated with decreased expression of Oct4, Sox-2, Nanog, and c-Myc, as well as suppression of XIAP, Bcl2, and survivin expression, dose-dependently. Additionally, activation of cMet, Src, ERK 1/2 and NFêB (p65) was also inhibited by PD173074. Also, of clinical relevance, the disruption of the FGFR1/Src/NF-êB signaling axis positively correlated with poor clinical prognosis among the PDAC patients. We concluded that PD173074 suppresses the tumorigenesis and CSCs-like phenotype of PDAC cells, highlighting its therapeutic efficacy and providing support for its potential use as a therapeutic option for the 'difficult-to-treat', 'quick-to-relapse' PDAC patients. Schematic abstract showing how PD173074 inhibits PDAC growth through selective targeting of FGFR1, suppression of cancer stemness, disruption of the FGFR1/Src/NF-êB signaling axis and activation of the cell death signaling pathway." ]

[ " The patient has lower leg pain. " ]

[ " The patient has no pain. " ]

[ "Follicle growth in the mammalian ovary is coordinately controlled by multiple factors to sustain periodic ovulation. In this study, we investigated the role of progesterone on follicle growth in the mouse ovary. As the concentration of progesterone changes during the estrus cycle, we cultured the sliced mouse ovary in a medium containing 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 1 g/ml progesterone. Progesterone promoted the growth of primordial to primary follicles at 100 ng/ml, while it suppressed the growth of secondary follicles at 1 g/ml. Follicles at other developmental stages in the cultured ovary were unaffected with different concentrations of progesterone. The number of ovulated oocytes increased in the medium containing 100 ng/ml progesterone but decreased in the presence of 1 g/ml progesterone. Follicles expressed two types of progesterone receptors, progesterone receptor (PGR) and PGR membrane component 1 (PGRMC1). While PGR shows transient expression on granulosa cells of Graafian follicles, PGRMC1 expresses in granulosa cells of developing follicles. These results suggest that progesterone controls the growth of developing follicles through PGRMC1. Our study shows that the effect of progesterone on ovulation and follicle growth in mouse ovary is dependent on the concentration of progesterone and the follicle stage." ]

[ "The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a strategy for extending pro-oestrus (the interval between luteolysis and ovulation) in an oestrus synchronisation protocol (named J-Synch) in beef heifers on follicular growth, sexual steroid concentrations, the oestrogen receptor ER and progesterone receptors (PR) in the uterus, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 and pregnancy rates. In Experiment 1, heifers treated with the new J-Synch protocol had a longer pro-oestrus period than those treated with the conventional protocol (mean (s.e.m.) 93.712.9 vs 65.013.7h respectively; P<0.05). The rate of dominant follicle growth from the time of progesterone device removal to ovulation was greater in heifers in the J-Synch than conventional group (P<0.05). Luteal area and serum progesterone concentrations were greater in the J-Synch Group (P<0.05) for the 12 days after ovulation. Progesterone receptor (PGR) staining on Day 6 after ovulation in the uterine stroma was lower in the J-Synch than conventional group (P<0.05), and the expression of PR gene (PGR) and IGF1 gene tended to be lower in J-Synch-treated heifers (P<0.1). In Experiment 2 (n=2349), the pregnancy rate 30-35 days after fixed-time AI (FTAI) was greater for heifers in the J-Synch than conventional group (56.1% vs 50.7% respectively). In conclusion, our strategy for extending pro-oestrus (i.e. the J-Synch protocol) significantly improves pregnancy establishment in beef heifers. This improvement was related to an increased rate of growth of the dominant ovulatory follicle, greater progesterone concentrations during the ensuing luteal phase and different uterine patterns of PGR and IGF1, which may have favoured embryo development and pregnancy establishment.", "BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all gynecologic malignancies. The relationship between sexual steroids receptors and ovarian cancer progression has been largely evaluated. The presence of progesterone receptors has been associated with an increase of a disease-free period and overall survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma. In the present study, primary cultures of ovarian carcinoma obtained from 35 patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer were evaluated for cell survival after treatment with 10- 8 M of 17-estradiol, progesterone, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone.RESULTS: The results were analyzed considering histological subtypes: low grade serous, high grade serous, endometrioid and mucinous carcinoma; clear cell carcinoma was not included due to failure in obtaining successful cultures of this subtype. A significant reduction of cell survival was observed after progesterone treatment in endometrioid ovarian carcinoma. Changes were not observed in low grade serous, high grade serous and mucinous carcinoma. The effect of progesterone was related to the presence of progesterone receptor (PR), a 43% reduction in the cell number was observed in PR (+) endometrioid ovarian carcinoma.CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the importance of progesterone and the presence of progesterone receptor in the reduction of ovarian cancer progression in the endometrioid ovarian carcinoma." ]

[ "Total Cost of Ownership Calculator. This calculator lets you analyze the total cost of ownership (TCO) for an on-premise software system and a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) system. We’ve pre-populated it with an example case. Adjust those fields based on pricing details you receive from software vendors.raining of users is critical to get the most out of your new software. This may involve sending employees to vendors’ training centers, bringing trainers on-site, participating in webinars, or creating custom courses and documentation. And of course you will need to train new employees as they come on board." ]

[ "Code Composer Studio (CCStudio or CCS) is an integrated development environment (IDE) to develop applications for Texas Instruments (TI) embedded processors.", "TC-AIMS II includes software and processes installed on service-provided hardware that supports unit movement and sustainment transportation functions. TC-AIMS II software also provides access to various load planning functions. These functions are available to the TC-AIMS II user in three deployable configurations: Enterprise (via the World Wide Web), a networked client/server configuration at the unit/installation level in-garrison, and a stand-alone configuration when deployed. These ..." ]

[ "dui or driving while under the influence is a misdemeanor in all 50 states if it is the defendant s first offense most states also consider a second or even a third dui to be a misdemeanor provided a certain amount of time generally seven to 10 years has passed between offenses" ]

[ "Illinois Misdemeanor Crimes by Class and Sentences. A misdemeanor in Illinois is any crime that is punishable by a term of less than one year in local or county jail. Illinois lawmakers have designated misdemeanors as Class A, B, or C. (720 Ill. Comp.", "In the State of Florida, in order to be charged with DUI it is necessary for the prosecutor to prove that the person was either: 1 Driving a motor vehicle with unlawful blood alcohol content; in excess of .08%. (This can be proven by breath testing results from Florida’s CMI Intoxilyzer 8000 or blood test results)" ]

[ "Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the common probiotics. Here, we investigated the antiviral protective effects of heat-killed LAB strain Lactobacillus casei DK128 (DK128) on influenza viruses. Intranasal treatment of mice with DK128 conferred protection against different subtypes of influenza viruses by lessening weight loss and lowering viral loads. Protection via heat-killed DK128 was correlated with an increase in alveolar macrophage cells in the lungs and airways, early induction of virus specific antibodies, reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and innate immune cells. Importantly, the mice that were protected against primary viral infection as a result of heat-killed DK128 pretreatment developed subsequent heterosubtypic immunity against secondary virus infection. For protection against influenza virus via heat-killed DK128 pretreatment, B cells and partially CD4 T cells but not CD8 T cells were required as inferred from studies using knockout mouse models. Our study provides insight into how hosts can be equipped with innate and adaptive immunity via heat-killed DK128 treatment to protect against influenza virus, supporting that heat-killed LAB may be developed as anti-virus probiotics." ]

[ "p12 cyclin-dependent kinase2 (CDK2)-associating protein1 (p12CDK2-AP1) has been demonstrated to negatively regulate the activity of CDK2. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. We aimed to determine the potential binding proteins of p12CDK2-AP1 and to elucidate the role of p12CDK2-AP1 in the regulation of the proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and invivo growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. The protein-protein interaction was predicted using computational decision templates. The predicted p12CDK2‑AP1 interacting proteins were overexpressed in human oral squamous cell carcinoma OSCC-15 cells, and the protein binding was examined using co-precipitation (Co-IP). Cell proliferation and invasion were determined via MTT assay and Transwell system, respectively. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining followed by flow cytometric analysis. The invivo growth of OSCC-15 cells was examined in nude mouse tumor xenografts. We found that overexpression of either p12CDK2-AP1 or CD82 significantly suppressed the proliferation and invasion but promoted the apoptosis of OSCC-15 cells (P<0.05). Importantly, combined overexpression of p12CDK2-AP1 and CD82 showed synergistic antitumor activity compared with the overexpression of a single protein alone (P<0.05). Additionally, the simultaneous overexpression of p12CDK2-AP1 and CD82 significantly suppressed the invivo tumor growth of OSCC-15 cells in nude mice compared with the negative control (P<0.05). Our findings indicate that p12CDK2-AP1 interacts with CD82 to play a functional role in suppressing the invitro and invivo growth of OSCC-15 cells.", "Dovitinib (TKI258) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor currently under clinical trials for a wide variety of cancers. Well-known side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue. To date, there have only been only two reported cases with skin manifestations as a side effect. We report a case of eruptive facial milia and comedones in the setting of dovitinib treatment for metastatic gastrointestinal cancer. This case is unique as the clinical presentation was more rapid in onset and showed an absence of inflammatory lesions. Although the pathogenesis for skin manifestations is presently unknown, we present this case to increase awareness of potentially under-reported cutaneous side effects." ]

[ "This article investigates Gray Box Optimization for pseudo-Boolean optimization problems composed of M subfunctions, where each subfunction accepts at most k variables. We will refer to these as Mk Landscapes. In Gray Box Optimization, the optimizer is given access to the set of M subfunctions. We prove Gray Box Optimization can efficiently compute hyperplane averages to solve non-deceptive problems in [Formula: see text] time. Bounded separable problems are also solved in [Formula: see text] time. As a result, Gray Box Optimization is able to solve many commonly used problems from the evolutional computation literature in [Formula: see text] evaluations. We also introduce a more general class of Mk Landscapes that can be solved using dynamic programming and discuss properties of these functions. For certain type of problems Gray Box Optimization makes it possible to enumerate all local optima faster than brute force methods. We also provide evidence that randomly generated test problems are far less structured than those found in real-world problems." ]

[ "Augmented Lagrangian (AL) methods for solving convex optimization problems with linear constraints are attractive for imaging applications with composite cost functions due to the empirical fast convergence rate under weak conditions. However, for problems such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction, where the inner least-squares problem is challenging and requires iterations, AL methods can be slow. This paper focuses on solving regularized (weighted) least-squares problems using a linearized variant of AL methods that replaces the quadratic AL penalty term in the scaled augmented Lagrangian with its separable quadratic surrogate function, leading to a simpler ordered-subsets (OS) accelerable splitting-based algorithm, OS-LALM. To further accelerate the proposed algorithm, we use a second-order recursive system analysis to design a deterministic downward continuation approach that avoids tedious parameter tuning and provides fast convergence. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly accelerates the convergence of X-ray CT image reconstruction with negligible overhead and can reduce OS artifacts when using many subsets.", "A grey wolf optimizer for modular neural network (MNN) with a granular approach is proposed. The proposed method performs optimal granulation of data and design of modular neural networks architectures to perform human recognition, and to prove its effectiveness benchmark databases of ear, iris, and face biometric measures are used to perform tests and comparisons against other works. The design of a modular granular neural network (MGNN) consists in finding optimal parameters of its architecture; these parameters are the number of subgranules, percentage of data for the training phase, learning algorithm, goal error, number of hidden layers, and their number of neurons. Nowadays, there is a great variety of approaches and new techniques within the evolutionary computing area, and these approaches and techniques have emerged to help find optimal solutions to problems or models and bioinspired algorithms are part of this area. In this work a grey wolf optimizer is proposed for the design of modular granular neural networks, and the results are compared against a genetic algorithm and a firefly algorithm in order to know which of these techniques provides better results when applied to human recognition." ]

[ "The Florida harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex badius) excavates deep nests in the sandy soils of the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains. Nest relocations of over 400 colonies in a north Florida coastal plains pine forest were tracked and mapped from 2010 to 2013. Individual colonies varied from one move in two years to four times a year, averaging about one per year. Almost all moves occurred between May and November peaking in July when more than 1% of the colonies moved per day. Move directions were random, and averaged 4 m, with few moves exceeding 10 m. Distance moved was not related to colony size. Over multiple moves, paths were random walks around the original nest location. Relocation is probably intrinsic to the life history of this species, and the causes of relocation remain obscure--the architecture of old and new nests was very similar, and neither the forest canopy nor the density or size of neighbors was correlated with relocation. Monitoring entire relocations (n = 20) showed that they were usually completed in 4 to 6 days. Moves were diurnal, peaking in the mornings and afternoons dipping during mid-day, and ceasing before sundown. Workers excavated the new nest continuously during the daytime throughout the move and beyond. A minority of workers carried seeds, charcoal and brood, with seeds being by far the most common burden. The proportion of burdened workers increased throughout the move. Measured from year to year, small colonies gained size and large ones lost it. Colonies moving more than once in two years lost more size than those moving less often, suggesting that moving may bear a fitness cost. Colony relocation is a dramatic and consistent feature of the life history of the Florida harvester ant, inviting inquiry into its proximal and ultimate causes." ]

[ "Birds have long been hypothesized as primary dispersal agents of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand). Although A. tsugae eggs and mobile first instars (crawlers) have been collected from wild birds, key mechanistic elements necessary for avian dispersal have never been examined. To evaluate the mechanisms of bird-mediated A. tsugae dispersal, we conducted both stationary (i.e., where crawlers must actively disperse) and disturbance (i.e., where crawlers may transfer from substrates due to mechanical abrasion) dispersal trials. For stationary trials, we tested the role of perching duration, ovisac density, and seasonal timing on the rate of crawler transfer to immobile preserved bird mounts at a single site in Connecticut. For disturbance trials, we explored if transfer rates were different when branches were actively brushed against birds. Both stationary and disturbance trials resulted in successful transfers of A. tsugae to bird mounts, with disturbance trials having significantly higher rates of transfers. Crawler counts from stationary trials increased significantly with local ovisac density. Additionally, we found a nonlinear relationship between crawler transfer and experimental week, with crawler transfer highest at the beginning of sampling in May, coinciding with avian spring migration in Connecticut and the emergence of progrediens crawlers, and spiking again near 14 June, when sistens generation crawlers began to emerge. While many aspects of potential avian dispersal of A. tsugae remain unknown, these results suggest that crawler transfer to birds may occur most often when peak crawler emergence coincides with the northward migration of many small passerine bird species.", "Social insects often use olfactory cues from their environment to coordinate colony tasks. We investigated whether leaf-cutting ants use volatiles as cues to guide the deposition of their copious amounts of colony refuse. In the laboratory, we quantified the relocation of a small pile of colony waste by workers of Atta laevigata towards volatiles offered at each side of the pile as a binary choice, consisting of either waste volatiles, fungus volatiles, or no volatiles. Fungus volatiles alone did not evoke relocation of waste. Waste volatiles alone, by contrast, led to a strong relocation of waste particles towards them. When fungus and waste volatiles were tested against each other, waste particles were also relocated towards waste volatiles, and in a high percentage of assays completely moved away from the source of fungus volatiles as compared to the previous series. We suggest that deposition and accumulation of large amounts of refuse in single external heaps or a few huge underground waste chambers of Atta nests is due to both olfactory preferences and stigmergic responses towards waste volatiles by waste-carrying workers." ]

[ " Joan Crawford Joan Crawford ( born Lucille Fay LeSueur ; March 23 , c. 1904 -- May 10 , 1977 ) was an American film and television actress who began her career as a dancer and stage showgirl . In 1999 , the American Film Institute ranked Crawford tenth on its list of the greatest female stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema . Beginning her career as a dancer in traveling theatrical companies , before debuting as a chorus girl on Broadway , Crawford signed a motion picture contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1925 . In the 1930s , Crawford 's fame rivaled , and later outlasted , MGM colleagues Norma Shearer and Greta Garbo . Crawford often played hard-working young women who find romance and success . These stories were well received by Depression-era audiences and were popular with women . Crawford became one of Hollywood 's most prominent movie stars and one of the highest-paid women in the United States , but her films began losing money and , by the end of the 1930s , she was labelled `` box office poison '' . But her career gradually improved in the early 1940s , and she made a major comeback in 1945 by starring in Mildred Pierce , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress . She would go on to receive Best Actress nominations for Possessed ( 1947 ) and Sudden Fear ( 1952 ) . In 1955 , Crawford became involved with the Pepsi-Cola Company through her marriage to company Chairman Alfred Steele . After his death in 1959 , Crawford was elected to fill his vacancy on the board of directors but she was forcibly retired in 1973 . She continued acting in film and television regularly through the 1960s , when her performances became fewer ; after the release of the British horror film Trog in 1970 , Crawford retired from the screen . Following a public appearance in 1974 , after which unflattering photographs were published , Crawford withdrew from public life and became increasingly reclusive until her death in 1977 . Crawford married four times . Her first three marriages ended in divorce ; the last ended with the death of husband Alfred Steele . She adopted five children , one of whom was reclaimed by his birth mother . Crawford 's relationships with her two older children , Christina and Christopher , were acrimonious . Crawford disinherited the two , and , after Crawford 's death , Christina wrote a well-known `` tell-all '' memoir titled Mommie Dearest ( 1978 ) ." ]

[ " Cheryl Crawford Cheryl Crawford ( September 24 , 1902 -- October 7 , 1986 ) was an American theatre producer and director . Born in Akron , Ohio , Crawford majored in drama at Smith College . Following graduation , she moved to New York City and enrolled at the Theatre Guild 's school . By then she knew that she did n't want to pursue an acting career , but saw no other way to gain access to the organization producing the highest quality theatre of its time . Finishing their training in 1927 , she was hired by Theresa Helburn , the Guild 's Executive Director , as a casting secretary . She then worked her way through various backstage jobs , including assistant stage manager , to assistant to the `` Board of Managers , '' an importantant administrative job . While working at the Guild , she met Harold Clurman and Lee Strasberg who had also been working there as play reader and actor , respectively . She was impressed with these two young men and joined their animated discussions about the need for a radically new form of American theatre . In 1930 Crawford urged Clurman to start giving semi-public talks to groups of like-minded actors . After he followed her suggestion and the talks attracted more people than could fit in Clurman 's apartment , Crawford arranged for the use of a showroom at the Steinway Piano Company . In 1931 , Crawford , Clurman and Strasberg announced the formation of The Group Theatre and invited 28 young actors who had been attending Clurman 's talks to join them for a twelve-week-long summer of training and rehearsal at Brookfield Center , Connecticut . Crawford had a major role in selecting the early plays produced by The Group , beginning with their first one , The House of Connelly by North Carolina playwright Paul Green , whom she later introduced to composer Kurt Weill . She encouraged their subsequent collaboration , Weill 's first American project , the musical Johnny Johnson , which was the last production she worked on before resigning from The Group Theatre in 1937 to become an independent producer . Crawford was influential in the early careers of such actors as Helen Hayes , Bojangles Robinson , Mary Martin , Ethel Barrymore , Ingrid Bergman , Tallulah Bankhead , and Paul Robeson , among many others . In 1946 , she and Eva Le Gallienne founded the American Repertory Theatre . In 1947 , together with former Group Theatre members Elia Kazan and Robert Lewis , she founded The Actor 's Studio , which trained Marlon Brando , James Dean , Paul Newman , Marilyn Monroe , Al Pacino , Robert De Niro , Dustin Hoffman , Steve McQueen , Martin Landau , Shelley Winters , Jane Fonda , Ellen Burstyn , Harvey Keitel , Jack Nicholson , John Astin and many more . Former partner Strasberg joined them as artistic director in 1951 .", " What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962 film) What Ever Happened to Baby Jane ? is a 1962 American psychological thriller-horror film produced and directed by Robert Aldrich , starring Bette Davis and Joan Crawford , about an aging actress who holds her paraplegic sister captive in an old Hollywood mansion . The screenplay by Lukas Heller is based on the 1960 novel of the same name by Henry Farrell . Upon the film 's release , it was met with widespread critical and box office acclaim and was later nominated for five Academy Awards , winning one for Best Costume Design , Black and White . The intensely bitter Hollywood rivalry between the film 's two stars , Davis and Crawford , was heavily important to the film 's initial success . This in part led to the revitalization of the then-waning careers of the two stars . In the years after release , critics continued to acclaim the film for its psychologically driven black comedy , camp , and creation of the psycho-biddy subgenre . The film 's then unheard of and controversial plot meant that it originally received an X rating in the UK . Because of the appeal of the film 's stars , Dave Itzkoff in The New York Times has identified it as being a `` cult classic '' . In 2003 the character of Baby Jane Hudson was ranked No. 44 on the American Film Institute 's list of the 50 Best Villains of American Cinema ." ]

[ "The animals here are in motion." ]

[ "Every animals you can see here is a bird." ]

[ "There are many options which affect the price of a funeral. However, for the basic funeral, the average cost according to the National Funeral Directors Association is $7,755. This does not include the cost for head stones or grave markers, monuments, cemetery fees, obituaries or flowers. When those are accounted for, the average cost jumps up to over $9,000." ]

[ "If you don’t use the life insurance or other sources to pay, then know that the final expenses, including the costs of a funeral and burial or cremation, are generally paid out of the estate of the person who died -- if there's enough money and property of value to cover the bill.", "1 The deceased's estate. 2 Typically, the costs of a funeral are shouldered by the estate of the deceased. 3 Funeral expenses are a priority obligation that will be paid before most other estate debts." ]

[ "The public favored the ruling." ]

[ "The polls were rigged." ]

[ "The book Swallows and Amazons was written by Arthur Ransom." ]

[ "Swallows and Amazons is filled with reports of sad experiences." ]

[ "Tupac's mother buried her son's ashes on her farm in Lumberton, North Carolina in 2003. His grave is in Stone Mountain, GA. Tupac Shakur was cremated." ]

[ "Answer: Elvis was originally buried in Forest Hill Cemetery in Memphis but after someone attempted to steal his remains, his body was moved to the Meditation Garden at Graceland.", "DAILY NEWS WRITER. Wednesday, August 31, 2011, 9:31 AM. When Tupac Shakur was cremated following his 1996 death, his ashes weren't kept in an urn on someone's mantle. The rapper's former group, The Young Outlawz, claim that they smoked Shakur's ashes because that was his wishes, based on the lyrics of one of his songs." ]

[ "To investigate the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor (Ad-VEGF)165 gene transfer against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal rats. Ad-VEGF recombinant adenovirus was constructed by bacterial homologous recombination technology. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham-operated (n=20), HIBD (n=25), buffer-treated (n=20), and Ad-VEGF-treated (n=25). The HIBD model was prepared by permanent occlusion of left common carotid artery, followed by exposure to 8% oxygen for 2 hrs. In the Ad-VEGF-treated and the Buffer-treated groups, 2 microL recombinant adenovirus suspension or buffer was injected into the left sensorimotor cortex of the rat brain 3 days after HIBD. Seven days after transplantation, VEGF165 mRNA expression was detected using RT-PCR. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nickel end labeling (TUNEL). CD34 and VEGF protein were detected using immunohistochemistry. Microvascular density in the cerebral cortex was measured based on CD34 positive cells. A radial arm maze test was performed from 30 postnatal days to evaluate long-term learning and memory functions. At 35 postnatal days, the rats were sacrificed for cerebral histological examinations by hematoxylin and eosin" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe health problem worldwide, and efficacious strategies to properly repair SCI have not yet been developed. Recently, gene and cell therapies as alternative treatments for SCI have been proposed to comprise safe and promising strategies.METHODS: The present study investigated the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of hypoxia-inducible factor-1á carried in recombinant adenovirus (Adv-HIF-1á), as administered immediately after SCI in adult rats.RESULTS: Adv-HIF-1á-treated animals showed better functional recovery and smaller cavity volume than those in the vehicle-treated control group. Both the numbers of green fluorescent protein-labeled bone marrow stromal cells (GFP-BMSCs) and cells double-positive for GFP and a cell lineage marker (NeuN) in the injured spinal cord were larger in the Adv-HIF-1á-treated group. The expression levels of neurotrophins such as neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were also higher in the Adv-HIF-1á-treated group.CONCLUSIONS: Adv-HIF-1á improves functional recovery in rats with SCI, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the mobilization of BMSCs to the injured area and higher expression levels of neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.", "Purpose: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury causes significant damages in the immature retina. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor is well known for its neuroprotective role but has limited clinical applications. A selective agonist of tyrosine kinase receptor B, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), is a powerful therapeutic tool, when administered systemically. However, it remains unclear whether DHF treatment can protect the immature retinas against HI injury.Methods: Postnatal (P) day 7 rat pups were intraperitoneally injected with DHF or vehicle 2 hours before and 18 hours after being subjected to HI injury. The outcomes were assessed at various timepoints after injury by electroretinography and histologic examinations. Neurogenesis was assessed by double-labeling of retinal sections with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and different neuronal markers.Results: At P8, 24-hours postinjury, brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels in the retina decreased significantly. DHF treatment partially protected immature retinas at both histologic and functional levels between P14 and P30 but did not prevent apoptosis, inflammation, or damage of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) at P8. On the other hand, DHF treatment promoted the survival of proliferating inner retinal cells, including M?ller glia, and enhanced their transdifferentiation to bipolar cells at P17. Moreover, DHF treatment rescued the levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, which were significantly decreased after injury. The neuroprotective effects of DHF were markedly eliminated by inhibition of ERK phosphorylation.Conclusions: Early systemic DHF treatment has neuroprotective effects against HI injury in immature retinas, possibly via promoting neurogenesis through the tyrosine kinase receptor B/ERK signaling pathway.Chinese Abstract." ]

[ "Increasing evidence has indicated that acute strenuous exercise can induce a range of adverse reactions including oxidative stress and tissue inflammation. However, little is currently known regarding the mechanisms that underlie the regulation of the inflammatory response in the myocardium during acute heavy exercise. This study evaluated the mitochondrial function, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins to investigate the regulation and mechanism of mitochondrial stress regarding the inflammatory response of the rat myocardium during acute heavy exercise. The results indicated that the mitochondrial function of the myocardium was adaptively regulated to meet the challenge of stress during acute exercise. The exercise-induced mitochondrial stress also enhanced ROS generation and triggered an inflammatory reaction via the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, the mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins including Beclin1, LC3, and Bnip3 were all significantly upregulated during acute exercise, which suggests that mitophagy was stimulated in response to the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the myocardium. Taken together, our data suggest that, during acute exercise, mitochondrial stress triggers the rat myocardial inflammatory response via NLRP3 inflammasome activation and activates mitophagy to minimize myocardial injury." ]

[ "RATIONALE: Mitochondria play a dual role in the heart, responsible for meeting energetic demands and regulating cell death. Paradigms have held that mitochondrial fission and fragmentation are the result of pathological stresses, such as ischemia, are an indicator of poor mitochondrial health, and lead to mitophagy and cell death. However, recent studies demonstrate that inhibiting fission also results in decreased mitochondrial function and cardiac impairment, suggesting that fission is important for maintaining cardiac and mitochondrial bioenergetic homeostasis.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether mitochondrial fission and fragmentation can be an adaptive mechanism used by the heart to augment mitochondrial and cardiac function during a normal physiological stress, such as exercise.METHODS AND RESULTS: We demonstrate a novel role for cardiac mitochondrial fission as a normal adaptation to increased energetic demand. During submaximal exercise, physiological mitochondrial fragmentation results in enhanced, rather than impaired, mitochondrial function and is mediated, in part, by 1-adrenergic receptor signaling. Similar to pathological fragmentation, physiological fragmentation is induced by activation of dynamin-related protein 1; however, unlike pathological fragmentation, membrane potential is maintained and regulators of mitophagy are downregulated. Inhibition of fission with P110, Mdivi-1 (mitochondrial division inhibitor), or in mice with cardiac-specific dynamin-related protein 1 ablation significantly decreases exercise capacity.CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the requirement for physiological mitochondrial fragmentation to meet the energetic demands of exercise, as well as providing additional support for the evolving conceptual framework, where mitochondrial fission and fragmentation play a role in the balance between mitochondrial maintenance of normal physiology and response to disease.", "Recent evidence suggests that exercise stimulates the degradation of cellular components in skeletal muscle through activation of autophagy, but the time course of the autophagy response during recovery from exercise has not been determined. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms behind exercise-induced autophagy remain unclear, although the muscle oxidative phenotype has been linked with basal autophagy levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the key regulator of muscle oxidative capacity, PGC-1, in exercise-induced autophagy at several time points during recovery. Mice with transgenic muscle-specific overexpression (TG) or knockout (MKO) of PGC-1 and their respective littermate controls were subjected to a single 1h bout of treadmill running and euthanized immediately (0h), 2, 6, and 10h after exercise. In the PGC-1 MKO strain, quadriceps protein content of the autophagy marker LC3II was increased from 2h into recovery in lox/lox control, but not in MKO mice. In the PGC-1 TG strain, quadriceps protein content of LC3II was increased from 2h after exercise in TG, but not in WT. Although AMPK and ACC phosphorylation was increased immediately following exercise, the observed exercise-induced autophagy response was not associated with phosphorylation of the AMPK-target ULK1. However, lower protein carbonyl content was observed in lox/lox and TG mice after exercise coinciding with the increased LC3 lipidation. In conclusion, the present results suggest a role of skeletal muscle PGC-1 in coordinating several exercise-induced adaptive responses including autophagic removal of damaged cellular components." ]

[ "Developing a feasible evaluation plan is challenging when multiple activities, often sponsored by multiple agencies, work together toward a common goal. Often, resources are limited and not every agency's interest can be represented in the final evaluation plan. The article illustrates how the Antecedent Target Measurement (ATM) approach to logic modeling was adapted to meet this challenge. The key adaptation is the context map generated in the first step of the ATM approach. The context map makes visually explicit many of the underlying conditions contributing to a problem as possible. The article also shares how a prioritization matrix can assist the evaluator in filtering through the context map to prioritize the outcomes to be included in the final evaluation plan as well as creating realistic outcomes. This transparent prioritization process can be especially helpful in managing evaluation expectations of multiple agencies with competing interests. Additional strategic planning benefits of the context map include pinpointing redundancies caused by overlapping collaborative efforts, identifying gaps in coverage, and assisting the coordination of multiple stakeholders." ]

[ "A cognitive map has long been the dominant metaphor for hippocampal function, embracing the idea that place cells encode a geometric representation of space. However, evidence for predictive coding, reward sensitivity and policy dependence in place cells suggests that the representation is not purely spatial. We approach this puzzle from a reinforcement learning perspective: what kind of spatial representation is most useful for maximizing future reward? We show that the answer takes the form of a predictive representation. This representation captures many aspects of place cell responses that fall outside the traditional view of a cognitive map. Furthermore, we argue that entorhinal grid cells encode a low-dimensionality basis set for the predictive representation, useful for suppressing noise in predictions and extracting multiscale structure for hierarchical planning.", "OBJECTIVE: It is crucial for clinicians to stay up to date on current literature in order to apply recent evidence to clinical decision making. Automatic summarization systems can help clinicians quickly view an aggregated summary of literature on a topic. Casama, a representation and summarization system based on \"contextualized semantic maps,\" captures the findings of biomedical studies as well as the contexts associated with patient population and study design. This paper presents a user-oriented evaluation of Casama in comparison to a context-free representation, SemRep.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effectiveness of the representation was evaluated by presenting users with manually annotated Casama and SemRep summaries of ten articles on driver mutations in cancer. Automatic annotations were evaluated on a collection of articles on EGFR mutation in lung cancer. Seven users completed a questionnaire rating the summarization quality for various topics and applications.RESULTS: Casama had higher median scores than SemRep for the majority of the topics (p? 0.00032), all of the applications (p? 0.00089), and in overall summarization quality (p? 1.5e-05). Casama's manual annotations outperformed Casama's automatic annotations (p=0.00061).DISCUSSION: Casama performed particularly well in the representation of strength of evidence, which was highly rated both quantitatively and qualitatively. Users noted that Casama's less granular, more targeted representation improved usability compared to SemRep.CONCLUSION: This evaluation demonstrated the benefits of a contextualized representation for summarizing biomedical literature on cancer. Iteration on specific areas of Casama's representation, further development of its algorithms, and a clinically-oriented evaluation are warranted." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The Affordable Medicine Facility-malaria (AMFm) was an innovative global financing mechanism for the provision of quality-assured artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) across both the private and public health sectors in eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This study evaluated the effectiveness of AMFm subsidies in increasing access to ACT in Ghana and documented malaria management practices at the household and community levels during the implementation of the AMFm.METHODS: This study, conducted in four regions in Ghana between January, 2011 to December, 2012, employed cross-sectional mixed-methods design that included qualitative and quantitative elements, specifically household surveys, focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews.RESULTS: The study indicated high ACT availability, adequate provider knowledge and reasonably low quality-assured ACT use in the study areas, all of which are a reflection of a high market share of ACT in these hard-to-reach areas of the country. Adequate recognition of childhood malaria symptoms by licensed chemical seller (LCS) attendants was observed. A preference by caregivers for LCS over health facilities for seeking treatment solutions to childhood malaria was found.CONCLUSIONS: Artemisinin-based combination therapy with the AMFm logo was accessible and affordable for most people seeking treatment from health facilities and LCS shops in rural areas. Caregivers and LCS were seen to play key roles in the health of the community especially with children under 5years of age." ]

[ "The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) affirms that the optimal location for children to receive care for acute, nonemergency health concerns is the medical home. The medical home is characterized by the AAP as a care model that \"must be accessible, family centered, continuous, comprehensive, coordinated, compassionate, and culturally effective.\" However, some children and families use acute care services outside the medical home because there is a perceived or real benefit related to accessibility, convenience, or cost of care. Examples of such acute care entities include urgent care facilities, retail-based clinics, and commercial telemedicine services. Children deserve high-quality, appropriate, and safe acute care services wherever they access the health care system, with timely and complete communication with the medical home, to ensure coordinated and continuous care. Treatment of children under established, new, and evolving practice arrangements in acute care entities should adhere to the core principles of continuity of care and communication, best practices within a defined scope of services, pediatric-trained staff, safe transitions of care, and continuous improvement. In support of the medical home, the AAP urges stakeholders, including payers, to avoid any incentives (eg, reduced copays) that encourage visits to external entities for acute issues as a preference over the medical home.", "Employers need to control health costs while also keeping their workers healthy, productive and on the job. To those ends, BP America leased space to a full-service health and wellness center clinic on its Houston West-Lake campus, where rates of asthma, diabetes, coronary artery disease and other chronic conditions are high. Despite growing interest in worksite clinics, there is remarkably little quantifiable evidence demonstrating their value. This study uses a comprehensive value-chain approach to compare utilization, clinical outcomes and medical and pharmacy costs for medical center users and nonusers in Houston and other BP locations. Return on investment is also estimated. Overall utilization at the WestLake campus spiked in the 2012 plan year, pushing medical and pharmacy cost trends higher and highlighting the importance of shifting community-delivered services to the worksite medical center. Medical center users had fewer emergency room, inpatient hospital and outpatient hospital visits than nonusers as well as higher generic dispensing rates. While ROI fell slightly short of the break-even point in the medical center's first year based on an \"intent to treat\" methodology, indicators suggest that utilization and outcomes are moving in the desired direction." ]

[ "In a computer system, a chipset is a set of electronic components in an integrated circuit that manages the data flow between the processor, memory and peripherals. It is usually found on the motherboard. Chipsets are usually designed to work with a specific family of microprocessors." ]

[ "Chips. A chip refers to a physical integrated circuit (IC) on a computer. A chip in the context of this document refers to an execution unit that can be single-or multi-core technology. Sockets. The socket refers to a physical connector on a computer motherboard that accepts a single physical chip. Many motherboards can have multiple sockets that can in turn accept multi-core chips. Processes. A process is an independent program running on a computer.", "SDET is a benchmark used in the systems software research community for measuring the throughput of a multi-user computer operating system. Its name stands for SPEC Software Development Environment Throughput (SDET), and is packaged along with Kenbus in the SPEC SDM91 benchmark. A more modern benchmark that is related to SDET is the reaim package, which is itself an up-to-date implementation of the venerable AIM Multiuser Benchmark." ]

[ "The immune system plays a major role in certain diseases of the brain like multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, while the brain may play a major role in modulating certain immunologic diseases of the periphery like inflammatory bowel disease. The most significant developments in neuroimmunology will involve explorations of the roles for the immune system in neurodegenerative conditions often associated with the presence of amyloid deposits. Here I present my personal perspectives on four of the most intriguing challenges that we face in the future of neuroimmunology: (1) Why are the traditional hallmarks of innate and adaptive inflammation conspicuously absent from brains of individuals with prion disease and amyloid pathology? (2) What is the role of adaptive and innate immunity in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis? (3) Is molecular mimicry an adequate explanation for the initiation of neuroinflammatory disease and for exacerbations in conditions like multiple sclerosis, narcolepsy, and neuromyelitis optica? (4) Do neural pathways regulate inflammatory diseases outside the nervous system?" ]

[ "It is now recognised that the brain and the peripheral immune system have bidirectional communication in both health and neuronal diseases. Brain inflammation results after both acute injury and also with the appearance of mutated proteins or endogenous neurotoxic metabolites associated with slow neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and some psychiatric disorders. Microglia play a key role in brain inflammation by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and with ageing, microglia exhibit 'priming' leading to increased basal release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Neurochemical targets to reduce or slow chronic brain inflammation include cyclooxygenase enzymes, Nrf2 transcription factor, angiotensin AT1 receptors and sigma-1 receptors. Development of more selective drugs to act at these targets is occurring but large scale clinical trials to validate the drugs will take significant time.", "Increasing evidence has suggested that systemic inflammation along with local brain inflammation can play a significant role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Identifying key molecules that regulate the crosstalk between the immune and the CNS can provide potential therapeutic targets. TNF- is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and AD. Recent studies have reported that anti-TNF- therapy or RA itself can modulate AD pathology, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. To investigate the role of peripheral TNF- as a mediator of RA in the pathogenesis of AD, we generated double-transgenic 5XFAD/Tg197 AD/TNF mice that develop amyloid deposits and inflammatory arthritis induced by human TNF- (huTNF-) expression. We found that 5XFAD/Tg197 mice display decreased amyloid deposition, compromised neuronal integrity, and robust brain inflammation characterized by extensive gliosis and elevated blood-derived immune cell populations, including phagocytic macrophages and microglia. To evaluate the contribution of peripheral huTNF- in the observed brain phenotype, we treated 5XFAD/Tg197 mice systemically with infliximab, an anti-huTNF- antibody that does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier and prevents arthritis. Peripheral inhibition of huTNF- increases amyloid deposition, rescues neuronal impairment, and suppresses gliosis and recruitment of blood-derived immune cells, without affecting brain huTNF- levels. Our data report, for the first time, a distinctive role for peripheral TNF- in the modulation of the amyloid phenotype in mice by regulating blood-derived and local brain inflammatory cell populations involved in -amyloid clearance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mounting evidence supports the active involvement of systemic inflammation, in addition to local brain inflammation, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. TNF- is a pluripotent cytokine that has been independently involved in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and AD. Here we first demonstrate that manipulation of peripheral TNF- in the context of arthritis modulates the amyloid phenotype by regulating immune cell trafficking in the mouse brain. Our study suggests that additionally to its local actions in the AD brain, TNF- can also indirectly modulate amyloid pathology as a regulator of peripheral inflammation. Our findings may have significant implications in the treatment of RA patients with anti-TNF- drugs and in the potential use of TNF-targeted therapies for AD." ]

[ "While variable speed air source heat pumps can be competitive with geothermal heat pumps in retrofit situations and smaller, better insulated buildings and less extreme climates, GHPs remain the most efficient way to heat and cool a building." ]

[ "Another heating option you have is heating your home with oil. When thinking about choosing an oil heating system, you need to think about performance, portability, the impact it has on the environment, and cost. When it comes to performance, oil heating systems are much faster than both gas and electric systems.here are several different ways to provide heat to your home, with central heating, oil heating, and wood heating being the top three choices of most homeowners. There are, however some different factors that you need to think about before making a decision as to which type of heating is best for your home.", "Heating is most cost effective with ceiling mounted radiant heaters, very cheap to buy and install while since they warm the physical objects instead of the air, take far less power or fuel than forced air heaters in the big, uninsulated, leaky rooms." ]

[ "The study was designed to examine the potency of EMD 386088, a 5-HT6 receptor partial agonist, to exert antidepressant-like properties in animal models following acute and chronic intraperitoneal administration to rats. The modified rat forced swim test (FST) was utilized to examine a potential antidepressant effect of EMD 386088 after acute treatment (30min before the test) and three times in a 24-h administration scheme (24h, 5h, and 30min prior to the FST). The olfactory bulbectomy (OB) model was used to assess its antidepressant-like properties after chronic treatment (the drug was administered once daily for 14days). EMD 386088 showed an antidepressant-like effect in all conducted tests. Its activity in FST after its acute administration (5mg/kg) was blocked by the selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB 271046. The obtained results seem to be specific, as there was no observed locomotor stimulation by the drug given at a lower/antidepressant dose. In the three times in the 24-h treatment scheme, EMD 386088 (2.5mg/kg) exerted antidepressant properties in FST as well as increased locomotor activity in the open field test. Chronic administration of EMD 386088 (2.5mg/kg) significantly improved the learning deficit in OB rats without affecting performance in Sham-operated (SH) animals in the passive avoidance test, and reduced OB-related rats' locomotor hyperactivity, but did not change the number of rearing + peeping episodes. The obtained findings suggest that EMD 386088 produces antidepressant-like activity after systemic acute and chronic administration which may result from direct stimulation of 5-HT6 receptors." ]

[ "Signal transduction by the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) is linked to several human diseases. However, the structure and function of the IL-36R is not well understood. A molecular model of the IL-36R complex was generated and a cell-based reporter assay was established to assess the signal transduction of recombinant subunits of the IL-36R. Mutational analyses and functional assays have identified residues of the receptor subunit IL-1Rrp2 needed for cytokine recognition, stable protein expression, disulfide bond formation and glycosylation that are critical for signal transduction. We also observed that, overexpression of ectodomain (ECD) of Il-1Rrp2 or IL-1RAcP exhibited dominant-negative effect on IL-36R signaling. The presence of IL-36 cytokine significantly increased the interaction of IL-1Rrp2 ECD with the co-receptor IL-1RAcP. Finally, we found that single nucleotide polymorphism A471T in the Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain (TIR) of the IL-1Rrp2 that is present in ?2% of the human population, down-regulated IL-36R signaling by a decrease of interaction with IL-1RAcP.", "Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells is one of the causative mechanisms of kidney fibrosis. In our study, we screened lipophilic compounds using a lipid library including approximately 200 lipids to identify those that suppressed EMT induced by a transforming growth factor (TGF)-1 stimulus. Initial screening was performed with the immortalized HK-2 renal tubule epithelial cell line. The most promising compounds were further tested in RPTEC primary renal tubule epithelial cells. We found that the synthetic lipid AM251 suppressed two hallmark events associated with EMT, the upregulation of collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) and downregulation of E-cadherin. Though AM251 is known to act as an antagonist for the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and an agonist for the G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GRP55), the suppression of EMT by AM251 was not mediated through either receptor. Microarray analyses revealed that AM251 inhibited induction of several EMT transcription factors such as SNAIL1, which is the key inducer of EMT, and the AP-1 transcription factors FOSB and JUNB. Activation of SMAD2/3 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was inhibited by AM251, with greater inhibition of the latter, indicating that AM251 acted upstream of SMAD/p38 MAPK in the TGF- signaling pathway. Our findings regarding the effects of AM251 on the TGF- signaling pathway may inform development of a novel therapeutic agent suppressing EMT, thus preventing kidney fibrosis." ]

[ "Policy Points: Effective graphs can be a powerful tool in communicating health inequality. The choice of graphs is often based on preferences and familiarity rather than science. According to the literature on graph perception, effective graphs allow human brains to decode visual cues easily. Dot charts are easier to decode than bar charts, and thus they are more effective. Dot charts are a flexible and versatile way to display information about health inequality. Consistent with the health risk communication literature, the captions accompanying health inequality graphs should provide a numerical, explicitly calculated description of health inequality, expressed in absolute and relative terms, from carefully thought-out perspectives.CONTEXT: Graphs are an essential tool for communicating health inequality, a key health policy concern. The choice of graphs is often driven by personal preferences and familiarity. Our article is aimed at health policy researchers developing health inequality graphs for policy and scientific audiences and seeks to (1) raise awareness of the effective use of graphs in communicating health inequality; (2) advocate for a particular type of graph (ie, dot charts) to depict health inequality; and (3) suggest key considerations for the captions accompanying health inequality graphs.METHODS: Using composite review methods, we selected the prevailing recommendations for improving graphs in scientific reporting. To find the origins of these recommendations, we reviewed the literature on graph perception and then applied what we learned to the context of health inequality. In addition, drawing from the numeracy literature in health risk communication, we examined numeric and verbal formats to explain health inequality graphs.FINDINGS: Many disciplines offer commonsense recommendations for visually presenting quantitative data. The literature on graph perception, which defines effective graphs as those allowing the easy decoding of visual cues in human brains, shows that with their more accurate and easier-to-decode visual cues, dot charts are more effective than bar charts. Dot charts can flexibly present a large amount of information in limited space. They also can easily accommodate typical health inequality information to describe a health variable (eg, life expectancy) by an inequality domain (eg, income) with domain groups (eg, poor and rich) in a population (eg, Canada) over time periods (eg, 2010 and 2017). The numeracy literature suggests that a health inequality graph's caption should provide a numerical, explicitly calculated description of health inequality expressed in absolute and relative terms, from carefully thought-out perspectives.CONCLUSIONS: Given the ubiquity of graphs, the health inequality field should learn from the vibrant multidisciplinary literature how to construct effective graphic communications, especially by considering to use dot charts." ]

[ "Cumulative risk assessments (CRAs) address exposures to multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors and often focus on characterization of health risks in vulnerable populations. Evaluating complex exposure-response relationships in CRAs requires the use of formal and rigorous methods for causal inference. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are graphical causal models used to organize and communicate knowledge about the underlying causal structure that generates observable data. Using existing graphical theories for causal inference with DAGs, risk analysts can identify confounders and effect measure modifiers to determine if the available data are both internally valid to obtain unbiased risk estimates and are generalizable to populations of interest. Conditional independencies implied by the structure of a DAG can be used to test assumptions used in a CRA against empirical data in a selected study and can contribute to the evidence evaluations related to specific causal pathways. This can facilitate quantitative use of these data, as well as help identify key research gaps, prioritize data collection activities, and evaluate risk management alternatives. DAGs also enable risk analysts to be explicit about sources of uncertainty and to determine whether a causal effect can be estimated from available data. Using a conceptual model and DAG for a hypothetical community located near a concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO), we illustrate the advantages of using DAGs for evaluating causality in CRAs. DAGs also can be used in conjunction with weight of evidence (WOE) methodology to improve causal analysis for CRA, which could lead to more effective interventions to reduce population health risks.", "The influence of epidemic information-based awareness on the spread of infectious diseases on networks cannot be ignored. Within the effective degree modeling framework, we discuss the susceptible-infected-recovered model in complex networks with general awareness and general degree distribution. By performing the linear stability analysis, the conditions of epidemic outbreak can be deduced and the results of the previous research can be further expanded. Results show that the local awareness can suppress significantly the epidemic spreading on complex networks via raising the epidemic threshold and such effects are closely related to the formulation of awareness functions. In addition, our results suggest that the recovered information-based awareness has no effect on the critical condition of epidemic outbreak." ]

[ "Teflaro (ceftaroline fosamil) is a cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat skin infections or pneumonia caused by bacteria. Common side effects of Teflaro include: nausea; vomiting; constipation; diarrhea; dizziness; itching; Tell your doctor if you experience serious side effects of Teflaro including: watery or bloody diarrhea; chest pain; fever; chills; body aches" ]

[ "More common. 1 Aching of joints. 2 fever. 3 headache (continuing) increased sensitivity of the skin to 1 sunlight. skin rash or itching. vomiting.", "Although most people tolerate Tegretol, it does have some drawbacks and negative side effects, including the following: 1 Can reduce effectiveness of birth control pills. 2 Has potentially serious interactions with a number of other medications. 3 May lead to reduction of white blood cells or platelets." ]

[ "Liver segmentation is still a challenging task in medical image processing area due to the complexity of the liver's anatomy, low contrast with adjacent organs, and presence of pathologies. This investigation was used to develop and validate an automated method to segment livers in CT images. The proposed framework consists of three steps: 1) preprocessing; 2) initialization; and 3) segmentation. In the first step, a statistical shape model is constructed based on the principal component analysis and the input image is smoothed using curvature anisotropic diffusion filtering. In the second step, the mean shape model is moved using thresholding and Euclidean distance transformation to obtain a coarse position in a test image, and then the initial mesh is locally and iteratively deformed to the coarse boundary, which is constrained to stay close to a subspace of shapes describing the anatomical variability. Finally, in order to accurately detect the liver surface, deformable graph cut was proposed, which effectively integrates the properties and inter-relationship of the input images and initialized surface. The proposed method was evaluated on 50 CT scan images, which are publicly available in two databases Sliver07 and 3Dircadb. The experimental results showed that the proposed method was effective and accurate for detection of the liver surface." ]

[ "AIM: We hereby present and evaluate a technique for hepatic parenchymal transection based on the application of Metzenbaum scissors and clips during liver ischemia.METHODS: Our technique was retrospectively evaluated in 32 noncirrhotic, noncholestatic patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 32 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (23 of whom cirrhotic, 71.9%). Patient data were retrieved from our Hepatobiliary Surgery Database. Type and duration of vascular clamping, blood transfusion requirements, marginal status and immediate postoperative complications were analyzed.RESULTS: Twenty-seven extended (>4 liver segments; 42.2%) and 37 nonextended (?4 liver segments; 57.8%) liver resections were analyzed. Warm liver ischemia duration was 14 (interquartile range: 11-17.8) min. Thirty-three patients (51.6%) were transfused with a median of 2 (1.5-3) units of packed red blood cells. Tumor-free margins were achieved in 90.6% of cases (n = 58). The overall morbidity rate was 18.8% with a 4.7% mortality rate. Our technique allowed for excellent identification and safe dissection and preservation, or ligation of major liver vessels.CONCLUSIONS: The proposed technique is simple, fast, safe and with low cost. It is associated with limited postoperative complications while from an oncologic standpoint it enables the surgeon to achieve a high percentage of tumor-free margins while protecting major vascular structures.", "Three-dimensional (3D) liver tumor segmentation from Computed Tomography (CT) images is a prerequisite for computer-aided diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of liver cancer. Despite many years of research, 3D liver tumor segmentation remains a challenging task. In this paper, an efficient semiautomatic method was proposed for liver tumor segmentation in CT volumes based on improved fuzzy C-means (FCM) and graph cuts. With a single seed point, the tumor volume of interest (VOI) was extracted using confidence connected region growing algorithm to reduce computational cost. Then, initial foreground/background regions were labeled automatically, and a kernelized FCM with spatial information was incorporated in graph cuts segmentation to increase segmentation accuracy. The proposed method was evaluated on the public clinical dataset (3Dircadb), which included 15 CT volumes consisting of various sizes of liver tumors. We achieved an average volumetric overlap error (VOE) of 29.04% and Dice similarity coefficient (DICE) of 0.83, with an average processing time of 45 s per tumor. The experimental results showed that the proposed method was accurate for 3D liver tumor segmentation with a reduction of processing time." ]

[ "For the UK fund types, see Unit trust and Investment trust. In U.S. financial law, a unit investment trust (UIT) is an exchange-traded mutual fund offering a fixed (unmanaged) portfolio of securities having a definite life. Unlike open-end and closed-end investment companies, a UIT has no board of directors. A UIT is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is classified as an investment company. UITs are assembled by a sponsor and sold through brokerage firms to investors." ]

[ "UI tax and ETT are calculated based on the taxable wages up to the UI taxable wage limit of each employee’s wages per year and are paid by the employer. Rates used are for demonstration purposes only, employer’s individual rates may vary.", "Pay Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Employment Training Tax (ETT) on your employee’s wages, as well as withholding and remitting State Disability Insurance (SDI) and Personal Income Tax (PIT) due on wages paid to your workers (see Rates, Withholding Schedules, & Meals and Lodging Values)." ]

[ "The Best Secured Credit Cards of 2017. Secured credit cards offer those with limited, poor, or no credit a chance to get a credit card. The best secured credit cards offer low fees and a chance to build credit. The help consumers build credit by reporting the monthly credit card payments to the credit bureaus." ]

[ "If you have good credit and are disciplined with your money, then unsecured cards are clearly the way to go. However if you have bad credit and/or problems overspending, then a secured credit card may not be a bad idea.", "Secured credit cards: A secured credit card is where you place a deposit, which is your credit limit. Pay on time, and pay off balance each month. After 8 to 12 months, you’ll likely be upgraded to an unsecured card, and get deposit back." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Despite evidence for the beneficial effects of probiotics and low-fat dairy products, to our knowledge, no study has compared the beneficial effect on weight loss of consuming a probiotic yogurt (PY) compared with a standard low-fat yogurt (LF) during a hypoenergetic program.OBJECTIVE: We compared the effect of the PY with LF yogurt consumption on body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in women during a weight-loss program.DESIGN: Overweight and obese women [body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 27-40; age: 18-50 y) who usually consumed standard LFs were asked to consume either PY or LF every day with their main meals for 12 wk while following a weight-loss program.RESULTS: A total of 89 participants were randomly assigned to one of the 2 intervention groups. Baseline variables were not significantly different between groups. A statistically significant reduction in anthropometric measurements and significant improvements in cardiometabolic risk characteristics were observed over the 12 wk in both groups. However, no significant differences in weight loss and anthropometric measurements were seen between groups after the intervention. Compared with the LF group, the PY group had a greater (mean SD) decrease in total cholesterol (PY = -0.36 0.10 mmol/L, LF = -0.31 0.10 mmol/L; P = 0.024), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PY = -0.35 0.10 mmol/L, LF = -0.31 0.11 mmol/L; P = 0.018), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (PY = -0.55 0.32, LF = -0.42 0.20; P = 0.002), 2-h postprandial glucose (PY = -0.61 0.24 mmol/L, LF = -0.44 0.19 mmol/L; P < 0.001), and fasting insulin concentration (PY = -1.76 1.01 mU/mL, LF = -1.32 0.62 mU/mL; P = 0.002), as secondary endpoints after the study. No significant differences were found for fasting plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglycerides within both groups after the 12 wk.CONCLUSION: Consumption of PY compared with LF with main meals showed no significant effects on weight loss. However, it may have positive effects on lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity during a weight-loss program. This trial was registered at http://www.irct.ir/ as IRCT201402177754N8." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: In a previous human intervention study, we observed an improved vitamin K status after 8 weeks of intake of a yogurt that was fortified with vitamin K2 (as menaquinone-7, MK-7) and enriched with vitamins C and D3, magnesium and polyunsaturated fatty acids. It was hypothesized that the added nutrients contributed to this improvement. Here we report on a study in which we compared the fasting plasma concentrations of MK-7 from (a) yogurt enriched with MK-7, vitamins D3 and C, magnesium, n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and fish oil (yogurt Kplus), (b) yogurt fortified with MK-7 only (yogurt K) and (c) soft gel capsules containing only MK-7.SUBJECTS/METHODS: For 42 days, healthy men and postmenopausal women between 45 and 65 years of age daily consumed either yogurt K, yogurt Kplus or capsules. Circulating MK-7, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and markers for vitamin K status (uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla-protein (dp-ucMGP)) were assessed. Plasma MK-7 was also measured during the washout period of 2 weeks. MK-7 and dp-ucMGP were measured in citrated plasma, and 25(OH)D3 and ucOC were measured in the serum.RESULTS: The increase in plasma MK-7 with the yogurt Kplus product was more pronounced than the increase in MK-7 with the capsules. Circulating dp-ucMGP and ucOC were significantly lowered after consumption of the yogurt products and the MK-7 capsules, reflecting vitamin K status improvement. No significant differences in fasting plasma concentrations of various biomarkers between the yogurts were found.CONCLUSIONS: Dairy matrix and nutrient composition may affect MK-7 delivery and improvement of vitamin K status. Yogurt fortified with MK-7 is a suitable matrix to improve the nutritional status of the fat-soluble vitamins.", "It was hypothesized that frozen yogurt and ice cream would be less healthy than yogurt. We examined daily energy and nutrient intake from yogurt, frozen yogurt, and ice cream among US adults. In-person 24-hour dietary recall data (n=6453) came from the 1999-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Regression analyses were performed to examine the differences in energy/nutrient intake from frozen yogurt and ice cream (with/without toppings) in comparison to yogurt. Approximately 5.3%, 0.9%, and 14.3% of US adults consumed yogurt, frozen yogurt, and ice cream on any given day, respectively. Among frozen yogurt and ice cream consumers, 29.7% and 14.8% added toppings to their consumption, respectively. Compared with yogurt, frozen yogurt consumption with and without toppings was associated with increased daily energy intake by 214.6 and 97.9kj, respectively; whereas ice cream consumption with and without toppings was associated with increased daily energy intake by 427.2 and 343.5kj, respectively. Compared with yogurt, frozen yogurt consumption was associated with a decreased intake of most vitamins/minerals under examination, but increased intake of sugar, total/saturated fat, cholesterol, fiber, and iron. Adding toppings to frozen yogurt further increased total and saturated fat intake. Compared with yogurt, ice cream consumption was associated with a decreased intake of multiple micronutrients, but increased intake of sugar, total/saturated fat, cholesterol, fiber, vitamins A and E, and iron. Adding toppings to ice cream further increased sugar intake. In conclusion, frozen yogurt and ice cream were less healthy than yogurt, and adding toppings made them even less desirable." ]

[ "He is not going to buy Jumbo anymore." ]

[ "He is going to buy Jumbo again." ]

[ ". Learn More About Oregon's Geology Gems and Minerals in Oregon Agates and Jasper These semiprecious gemstones can be collected at many sites along the Oregon coast, including Agate Beach at Newport, in some of the streams draining the Western Cascade, near the town of Antelope and around Prineville in central Oregon, near Hart Mountain and Lakeview in south-central Oregon, and at Succor Creek in southeastern Oregon. Agate and jasper are part of the chalcedony family, a variety of quartz. Distinctly banded specimens that differ in color and in degree of translucency are called agate; and mottled yellow, red, brown or green chalcedony is called jasper. Oregon Sunstone Agates and Jasper Obsidian Oregon´s Geology Geologic Sightseeing Rockhound resources For more information and access to our complete website, click here." ]

[ "Dendritic Agate Meanings and Uses \"Dendritic Agate Meanings and Uses The Crystal Vaults Comprehensive Illustrated Guide to Crystals Your On-Line Guide to The Healing Energies, Metaphysical Properties,Legendary Uses and Meaningof Dendritic Agate Introduction to the Meaning and Uses of Dendritic Agate Agate is the name given to numerous varieties of banded Chalcedony, a mineral of the Quartz family. Dendritic Agate, sometimes called Tree Agate, is not banded, and therefore not strictly an Agate in scientific terms but is included in the Agate family. It gets its name from a Greek word meaning tree-like. These Agates are usually colorless, white, or gray, and have tree- or fern-like inclusions of iron or manganese, called dendrites. Less common are green Tree Agates with white dendrites. Dendritic Agate is known as the Stone of Plentitude. It brings abundance and fullness to all areas of life, from business to agricultural endeavors. [Melody, 86] [Hall, 43] It was associated with the ancient Greek dryads, woodland and tree spirits, and was buried in the fields at the time of sowing to insure a good harvest. [Eason, 254]Historically, Agate has been discovered with the artifacts of Neolithic people, and was used as healing amulets and ornamentation dating back to Babylon. Its medicinal uses continued through the ancient Greek and Egyptian civilizations, and spread throughout Africa and the Middle East into Russia. Agate sparked a world renowned stonecutting and polishing industry in Germany that flourished from the 15th to the 19th century, and exists today. [Simmons, 6] [Mella, 67-68]Metaphysically, Agate has a lower intensity and vibrates to a slower frequency than other stones, but is highly regarded as a stabilizing and strengthening influence. [Simmons, 6] Dendritic Agate encourages perseverance and patience, and promotes a peaceful inner and outer environment. It has a strong connection to the plant kingdom and deepens our own connection to the Earth and our place in the Universe. [Hall, 44]Dendritic Agate Uses and Purposes - Overview Dendritic Agate is ideal for examination of self, and the self-imposed limitations and patterns that make up one's life experiences. It is a helpful talisman for anyone involved in therapy, meditation, rebirthing, a twelve-step program, or any path of serious work that requires a day-to-day behavioral change necessary to achieve desired results. [Simmons, 8]Agate promotes inner stability, composure, and maturity. Its warm, protective properties encourage security and self-confidence. It is a great crystal to use during pregnancy. [Gienger, 7] Agate also helps new mothers avoid the \"\"baby blues\"\" sometimes experienced after giving birth, and an Agate jewel worn between the breasts encourages lactation. [Megemont, 15]Agate promotes marital fidelity. [Melody, 82] Dendritic Agate strengthens family connections, and a crystal next to a photograph of an estranged family member helps bring him/her home. [Eason, 254]Dendritic Agate is a protective amulet when traveling, especially by air and against traffic accidents. [Megemont, 16] [Eason, 254] [Mella, 69]In the workplace, a bowl of Dendritic or Tree Agates bring a breath of fresh air to stagnant air-conditioned environments. [Eason, 254] As a professional support stone, Dendritic Agate stabilizes the energy levels of secretaries, and provides travel protection for airline and postal workers. [Mella, 129, 132]Dendritic Agate Healing Therapies - Overview (Please note: Information on this web site is no substitute for consulting a health care professional. All information contained on this web site, including information relating to medical and health conditions, products and treatments, is for informational purposes only. Please see your doctor or health care professional before starting any alternative treatments, diets, supplements or exercise programs. )Dendritic Agate Physical Healing Energy Dendritic Agate is beneficial in healing parts of the body that branch, such as aligning the vertebra in skeletal disorders, treating neuralgia and conditions of the nervous system, and stimulating veins and capillaries in the circulatory system. [Eason, 254] [Hall, 44]Agate is helpful to the heart and blood vessels. Wearing an Agate in the middle of the chest strengthens the cardiac muscle, and heals emotional disharmony that prevents acceptance of love. [Megemont, 16] [Hall, 39]Dendritic Agate is especially helpful in alleviating back pain caused by stress and inner tension. [Ahsian,8]Placed on the abdomen or used as an elixir, Agate stimulates the digestive system and relieves gastritis. It is beneficial for the eyes, hollow organs such as the stomach, uterus, intestines, etc., and heals skin disorders and itching due to insect bites. [Hall, 39] [Gienger, 7] [Megemont, 16]A cold Agate placed on the forehead is generally effective in curing fever. (If the fever returns, however, consult a doctor.) Agate may also reduce the symptoms of epilepsy, and for some people guards against sleepwalking. [Megemont, 15]Agate enhances mental function by improving concentration, perception, and analytical abilities. [Hall, 39]Dendritic Agate Emotional Healing Energy Dendritic Agate assists in overcoming emotional boundary violations and emotional strain. [Gienger, 7] It helps heal the pain of unhappy childhood or effects of divorce. [Eason, 254] Agate overcomes negativity and bitterness of the heart, by healing anger, fostering love, and lending the courage to start over. It is useful for any kind of trauma. [Hall, 39]Dendritic Agate is beneficial in self-analysis and uncovering hidden circumstances that might interfere with well-being. It promotes self-acceptance and confidence, encouraging the speaking of one's own truth. [Ahsian, 8]Dendritic Agate Chakra Healing and Balancing Energygate stabilizes the aura, eliminating and transforming negative energies. Its cleansing effect is powerful at all levels. [Melody, 82] [Hall, 39]In shades of gray, Dendritic Agate stimulates the Root Chakra. The Base, or Root Chakra, is located at the base of the spine, and controls the energy for kinesthetic feeling and movement. It is the foundation of physical and spiritual energy for the body. When the Base Chakra is in balance, the physical body gains strength and stamina, and spiritual energy is rekindled in the form of security and sense of one's own power. It often leads to independence and spontaneous leadership. White Dendritic Agate identifies with the Crown Chakra, located at the top of the head, and is our gateway to the expanded universe beyond our bodies. It controls how we think, and how we respond to the world around us. It is the fountainhead of our beliefs and the source of our spirituality. When the Crown is in balance, our energies are in balance. We know our place in the universe and see things as they are. We are unruffled by setbacks, knowing they are an essential part of life. Green dendrites or green Tree Agate is associated with the Heart Chakra, located near the center of the breastbone. It regulates our interaction with the external world and controls what we embrace and what we resist. It gives us the balancing ability to be ourselves within the environment. Green crystal energy is used to resolve blockages and to re-balance the heart chakra, helping us understand our own needs and emotions clearly. We can deal with the ebbs and flows of emotional relationships, understand their cyclic nature, and accept the changes. Dendritic Agate Spiritual Energy Agate raises awareness and links into the collective consciousness of the oneness of life. It encourages quiet contemplation of one's life experiences that lead to spiritual growth and inner stability. [Hall, 39] [Melody, 82]Dendritic Agate encourages the acceptance of one's origin and the connection to the natural states of the universe. It is a stone to help heal the Earth and to stimulate a peacefulness within the structure of the inner environment. [Melody, 86]Dendritic Agate Color Energy Dendritic Agate is usually colorless, white, or gray with tree- or fern-like inclusions. Clear Agate represents earthly solidity and love of the nurturing soil. [Megemont, 15]White Dendritic Agate is the color of cleanliness, purity, unity and innocence. The timeless, natural powers of the white rays are those of the moon. It is the color we see when the moon reflects the sun's light to us. It is the color of natural cycles, birth, and regeneration - the feminine gender, manifested as the Goddess in many cultures. Just as the moon is our only illumination in the dark world of night, white talismans are of the spiritual world that is sensed but not seen. They are the guides to understanding and knowledge we don't even know exists. Silver Dendritic Agate embodies the silver ray of reflection and the path to inner consciousness. Much like pure white, lighter gray is the color of the moon, the feminine, the cool stillness of night, magic and ambiguity. It is lonely, altruistic, and aloof. A mystery. As Seekers, silver objects find patterns and the inner meanings of events. Use light gray or silver talismans for quiet meditation, finding your real purpose in life, and for calm reflection on life's meanings. Green dendrites or green Tree Agates are \"\"growth crystals\"\" - powerful conduits of the earth's Life Force of birth, development, and creation, and of the power of nature's constant renewal. They are potent aids in nurturing, whether of fledgling family relationships or a new business venture. Lighter Green crystals promote spiritual growth and renewed commitment to a higher purpose. Those of a darker hue are talismans of physical growth and strength, and safety in travel. Meditation with Dendritic Agate Agate provides a wide variety of crystal formations conducive for meditation focus. The intricate movements within the crystal encourage a calm, relaxing state and open the mind to higher thought and inner truths. Dendritic Agate Divination The Divinatory meaning of Dendritic Agate: Not a time to be alone; seek support and, if in doubt, go back to your spiritual roots for the answer. [Eason, 254]Dreaming of Agate signifies a journey. [Kunz, 358]Dendritic Agate and the Angelic Realm If your birthday falls in any of the following periods, a Dendritic Agate of the color listed can be a valuable conduit to your Guardian Angel. The table also provides the name of the Guardian Angel of those born in the time period. Date Crystal Color Name of Guardian Angel March 31- April 4 Dk. Green Sitael (Sirael)May 6-10 Clear Aladiah May 26-31 Silver Mebahel June 6-10 Green Hakamiah July 7-11 Lt. Green Ieiaeil (Jejalel)August 13-17 Clear Reiiel (Rejajel)September 3-7 Green Yehudiah September 8-12 Dk. Green Lehahiah December 3-7 Clear Hahasiah December 27-31 Dk. Green Poiel (Polial)January 1-5 Green Nemamiah There are other Angels that are partial to Dendritic Agate The table below gives you the information about them. Purpose Crystal Color Name of Angel Protector and Ruler of the dates May 6-10; Taurus. Clear Aladiah Guardian of the Eighteenth Mansion of the Moon; Scorpio. Clear Egibiel Protector and Ruler of the dates December 3-7; Sagittarius. Clear Hahasiah Master of the 9th Tarot Card “The Hermit”. Associated with Virgo. Clear Hamaliel Guardian of the Twentieth Mansion of the Moon; Sagittarius. Clear Kyriel Matariel is the Ruler of Earth/Rain. Clear Matariel Raziel is known as the Wisdom Angel; Tree of Life, and Heals Spiritual Blocks. Clear Raziel Protector and Ruler of the dates August 13-17; Leo. Clear Reiiel (Rejajel)Master of the 16th Tarot Card “The Tower”. Clear Zamael Raphael is known as the Glory Angel; Tree of Life, the Angel of Wednesday, the Ruler of Mercury. He is also the Master of Tarot Card 0 “The Fool” and the 1st Tarot Card “The Magician”. Raphael also Heals Illness and is the Ruler of The west wind. He is the Angel of Compassion, Knowledge, Progress, Repentance, and Love. Dk. Green Raphael Master of the 11th Tarot Card “Justice”. Dk. Green Chadaqiel Protector and Ruler of the dates Sept.8-12; Virgo. Dk. Green Lehahiah Protector and Ruler of the dates December 27-31; Capricorn. Dk. Green Poiel Protector and Ruler of the dates March 31- April 4; Aries. Dk. Green Sitael The Angel of the Birds. Green Arael Angel of Mercury. Green Cochabiel Protector and Ruler of the dates June 6-10; Gemini. Green Hakamiah Metatron is the Crown Angel, the Tree of Life, and helps to Heal Learning Disorders. HE is also the Master of the 20th Tarot Card “Judgment”. Green Metatron Protector and Ruler of the dates January 1-5; Capricorn. Green Nemamiah Master of the 18th Tarot Card “The Moon”. Green Vakhabiel Protector and Ruler of the dates September 3-7; Virgo. Green Yehudiah Helps to Heal Anxiety and the Angel Tuesday. Lt. Green Chamuel (Khamael)Protector and Ruler of the dates July 7-11; Cancer. Lt. Green Ieiaeil Ruler of Earth/Night and the Angel of Conception/Babies Names. Lt. Green Lailah (Lailiel) (Leliel)Shimshiel or Shamshiel is known as the Ruler of Earth/Day. He is also the Master of the 19th Tarot Card “The Sun”. Lt. Green Shimshiel (Shamshiel)Helps to Heal Grief. Silver Azrael Haniel or Hanael is known as the Victory Angel, the Tree of Life, the Angel of Friday, Venus, and is the Governor of the sign of Capricorn. Silver Haniel (Hanael)Ruler of Earth/Planets. Silver Kokbiel Protector and Ruler of the dates May 26-31; Gemini. Silver Mebahel Master of the 21st Tarot Card “The World” White Agiel Master of the 17th Tarot Card “The Star”. White Cambiel Master of the 10th Tarot Card “Wheel of Fortune”. Sachiel is also the Guardian of Thursday and is the Ruler of Jupiter. White Sachiel Master of the 6th Tarot Card “The Lovers”. White Serayel Ruler of Earth/Storm and is the Angel of Protection during hurricanes. White Za’aphiel (Zaapiel)Dendritic Agate Goddess Crystals Dendritic Agate honors Artemis, the Greek Goddess of the Hunt and Childbirth. She represents the love of the mountains and the forests where she chose to spend her life. Her comfort is sought by women in labor. Dendritic Agate honors Flora, the Roman Goddess of Plants. Her powers are the reason why flowers grow and blossom. All Agates honor Hanwi, The Sioux Moon Goddess. Her name means \"\"Night Sun\"\" and she guards her people during the night, protecting them from harm and from evil spirits. All Agates honor Aurora, Roman Goddess of the Dawn and Mother of the Winds. She brings the beauty of dawn each day, the vivid colors streaked and swirled across the clouds. All Agates honor Bona Dea, the Roman Earth Goddess of Fertility and the Greek Goddess of Women. She protects women through all of their changes, and is a skilled healer, particularly with herbs. All Agates honor Gaia, the Greek Earth Mother Goddess. Born directly out of Chaos, the primal emptiness, she was the first (or one of the first) beings to appear during the process of creation, and is honored as being the Earth itself. All Agates honor Cerridwen, the Welsh Goddess of Inspiration and Knowledge. She rules the gifts of prophecy and magic, and powers death and rebirth. She is the guardian of spiritual transformation. All Agates honor Nyx, the Greek Goddess of the Night. She is usually seen riding in a chariot, trailing stars and painting the night sky. Agate is strongly associated with Nyx because of its properties to protect against stress and for keeping bad dreams away. Dendritic Agate can also can be used in devotions to Clota, the Goddess of the River Cldye; Callisto, the Greek Moon Goddess; Chirakan-Ixmucane, the Mayan Creator Goddess; Dione, Phoenician Earth Goddess; Itzpapaloti, the Aztec Butterfly Goddess; Jana, the Roman Goddess of Secret and Hidden Things; and Hathor, the Egyptian Goddess of the Milky Way and Night Sky. Birthstones There are several ways to find an appropriate birthstone. The traditional one is listed first. These are from the popular lists that most people are familiar with. The second way is to find your natural birthstone by the color wheel of life. You can click on the Natural Birthstone graphic below to learn more. Finally many people use the traditional stones of the Zodiac. In this section you will find information on all three approaches. Dendritic Agate Traditional Birthstone Dendritic Agate is not a traditional birthstone. Dendritic Agate Natural Birthstone. Dendritic Agate is not a natural birthstone, being primarily clear and without color. Dendritic Agate - Zodiac Stone of Gemini Agate is one of the zodiac stones for those born under the sign Gemini, between May 21 and June 20, when the Earth is approaching summer. The constellation Gemini is known as the Sign of the Inventor and is seen as twins side by side in the sky. It is closely associated with the planet Mercury. Those born under this sign can see both sides of an issue. They're flexible and can go with the flow, and can be lively and talkative, or restless and nervous depending on their setting. Those born when the Sun is in Gemini are quick thinkers, quick-witted, and quick on their feet. Dendritic Agate Amulets and Talismans Agate amulets were worn in antiquity to guard from all dangers and to enable the wearer to vanquish earthly obstacles, such as high winds and lightning. [Kunz, 51]Ancient seafarers used Agate in amulets of protection from the fury of the surging ocean. [Kunz, 39]Dendritic Agates are Seeke r Transfomer crystals. Seekers contain the crystal energy structure that aligns the natural energy of the crystal to the natural power of the human mind to find the way to new horizons and new capabilities. They're pointers, directors, and compasses; the fresh start crystals. These are talismans of the scientist, the adventurer, the hunter, wanderer, and explorer. They're also crystals of the student and the researcher. Transformer crystals enhance efforts to change our situations, prospects, health, outlook or relationships. By transforming ourselves we transform our lives. We learn to dance, speak a new language, grow stronger, or become a better spouse or child. Seeker crystals with the earth power of the Transformer are excellent talismans to aid our efforts to grow, develop new capabilities and change our lives. Dendritic Agate Feng Shui Dendritic Agate utilizes Metal energ y, the energy of intelligence, contraction, healing, and creativity. It is the energy of togetherness and crystallization - of ideas, concepts, and groups. It is hard, sharp, and often destructive, yet an essential element in all lives to find our way without being a victim of others. The metal element brings the power of concentration and determination to our lives and our dwellings. Metal energy is traditionally associated with the northwest and west areas of a home or room. It is associated with the Helpful People and Blessings, and Travel area of your life and dwelling, and with the Creativity and Children area. Its energy of crystallization will solidify your efforts and determination. Dendritic Agate also utilizes Wood energy, the energy of growth, expansion, new beginnings, nourishment and health. It enhances vitality, brings abundance, and keeps us growing physically. Use green crystals to enhance any space used for eating, in the room of a small child, or in a place of your home where you are beginning a new project. Wood energy is traditionally associated with the East and Southeast areas of a home or room. It is associated with the Family and Health area, and the Prosperity and Abundance area. Dendritic Agate in Ancient Lore and Legend In former times, Tree Agate was supposed to insure fertile crops if tied around the ploughman's arm, or attached to the horns of the oxen plowing the fields. [Fernie, 312]Ancient Romans valued the Agate for its reputed medicinal and talismanic properties. Powdered and mixed with water, it was said to counteract serpents' venom. Pliny, a Roman historian, quoted the Magii as teaching in Persia that storms might be averted by burning Agates. [Fernie, 311-312]Agates were believed to make their wearers agreeable, persuasive, and give them the favor of God, guarding them from all dangers, and enabling them to vanquish earthly obstacles, such as high winds and lightning. [Kunz, 51] Ancient seafarers used Agate in amulets of protection from the fury of the surging ocean. [Kunz, 39]The wearing of Agate was believed to be a cure for insomnia and was thought to induce pleasant dreams. [Kunz, 52]Legends claim Agate to have the power to secure the wearer from danger and to protect children from falling, and to endow their owners with strength, courage and the ability to heal fears. [Mella, 68]Agate has a rich history of divinely revealed images within its natural veining, inclusions and markings. Such images as the Virgin Mary, Jesus, John the Baptist, angels and various other human forms have manifested themselves in these natural works of art and are found in churches and museums around the world. Agate is believed to be the middle stone in the third row in the breastplate of the High Priest. [Kunz, 276]Footnote References The symbols [ ] enclose the author's name and a page number for a reference cited from the following books: [Ahsian, pp.] Robert Simmons & Naisha Ahsian, The Book of Stones (Berkley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 2007). [Eason, pp. ] Cassandra Eason, The New Crystal Bible (London: Carlton Books Ltd., 2010). [Fernie, pp.] William T. Fernie, The Occult and Curative Powers of Precious Stones (Blauvelt, NY: Rudolph Steiner Publications, 1973). [Gienger, pp.] Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals (Scotland: Earthdancer Books, 2009). [Hall, pp.] Judy Hall, The Crystal Bible (Cincinnati, OH: Walking Stick Press, 2003). [Hall 2, pp.] Judy Hall, The Crystal Bible 2 (Cincinnati, OH: Walking Stick Press, 2009). [Kunz, pp.] George Frederick Kunz, The Curious Lore of Precious Stones (New York: Dover Publications, 1971). [Megemont, pp.] Florence Megemont, The Metaphysical Book of Gems and Crystals (Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press, 2008). [Mella, pp.] Dorothee L. Mella, Stone Power II (Albuquerque, NM: Brotherhood of Life, Inc., 1986). [Melody, pp.] Melody, Love Is In The Earth (Wheat Ridge, CO: Earth-Love Publishing House, 1995). [Raphaell, pp.] Katrina Raphaell, Crystal Enlightenment (Santa Fe, NM: Aurora Press, 1985) [Simmons, pp.] Robert Simmons & Naisha Ahsian, The Book of Stones (Berkley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 2007).12 Item (s)Show 12 per page View as: Grid Listsort by: Position Dendritic Agate Rough Stone$14.95Add to Cart Dendritic Agate Rough Crystal$49.95Add to Cart Dendritic Agate Rough Crystal$51.95Add to Cart Dendritic Agate Rough Crystal$25.95Add to Cart Dendritic Agate Display Piece$59.95Add to Cart Dendritic Agate Display Piece$65.95Add to Cart Dendritic Agate Display Piece$59.95Add to Cart Dendritic Agate Display Piece$95.95Add to Cart Dendritic Agate Cabochon$60.00Add to Cart S. S. Dream Stone Pendant:: 455$70.95Add to Cart S. S. Dream Stone Pendant:: 468$118.95Add to Cart S. S. Dream Stone Pendant:: 469$80.95Add to Cart12 Item (s)Show 12 per page View as: Grid Listsort by: Position \"" ]

[ "In Vladivostok, on the coast of the Sea of Japan, in the southernmost part of Siberia (at 43 ° north latitude), the average temperature goes from -12.5 °C (9.5 °F) in January, to 20 °C (68 °F) in August. Average temperatures - Vladivostok" ]

[ "Temperature range-world. The greatest recorded temperature ranges in the world are around the Siberian `cold pole' in the east of Russia. Temperatures in Verkhoyansk (67oe33'67ø33, n'133oe23) 133ø23 e 105degC 188degF, 105degc -188DEGF -FROM 68oec 68øC 90OEF. 90øf to 37oec 37øc 98oef 98øfrecords change on a daily basis. and are not immediately published onlinehe greatest recorded temperature ranges in the world are around the Siberian `cold pole' in the east of Russia. Temperatures in Verkhoyansk (67oe33'67ø33, n'133oe23) 133ø23 e 105degC 188degF, 105degc -188DEGF -FROM 68oec 68øC 90OEF. 90øf to 37oec 37øc 98oef 98øf records change on a daily basis. and are not immediately published online", "The three-week cold wave gave Yashkul, Russia, an average temperature of 1.5 degrees below zero F, or nearly 25 degrees below normal. The three-week cold wave gave Yashkul, Russia, an average temperature of 1.5 degrees below zero F, or nearly 25 degrees below normal. my recent locations °f New York, NY 21°" ]

[ "The Subjunctive is not a tense but a mood. What does that mean? It is called a mood because it doesn't deal with factual reality but with opinions, feelings, suppositions, dreams and speculation. We use the Subjunctive to mentally and emotionally organize our world in terms of others.", "Subjunctive mood. The subjunctive is a grammatical mood (that is, a way of speaking that allows people to express their attitude toward what they are saying) found in many languages." ]

[ "Mood is the way a person is feeling at any particular time. A mood is also the emotional quality of literature, music, or other expressive arts. Common Moods. A mood is less specific than an emotion or feeling, less intense and less likely to be triggered by a particular action or event. Moods are typically described as being either positive or negative. Here are some examples of common moods: Aggravated.", "mood. a pervasive and sustained emotion that, when extreme, can color one's whole view of life; in psychiatry and psychology the term is generally used to refer to either elation or depression. See also mood disorders. mood-congruent consistent with one's mood, a term used particularly in the classification of mood disorders." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Understanding students' learning styles, and modifying teaching styles and material accordingly, is an essential to delivering quality education. Knowing more about the learning styles of physiotherapy learners will assist educators' planning and delivering of learning activities. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore what is published about physiotherapy learning styles.METHODS: An adapted Arksey and O'Malley framework was applied to undertake this systematic scoping review. Nine electronic databases (CINAHL, BIOMED CENTRAL, Cochrane, Web of Science, PROQUEST, PubMed, OTseeker, Scopus, ERIC) were searched using the keywords: 'learning styles' and 'physiotherapy'. English-language, primary research articles that investigated physiotherapy learners' learning styles were sought.RESULTS: Of 396 potentially-relevant articles, 15 were included in this review. The studies mostly reflected undergraduate students (910 undergraduates, 361 postgraduates, 23 professionals), in developed countries. Nine articles used the Kolb's experiential learning theory (ELT); one study applied Honey and Mumford's approach; two studies used the Gregorc model of cognition and three studies did not specify an underlying theory. Outcome measures included different versions of Kolb's Learning Style Inventory, the visual-aural-read/write-kinesthetic questionnaire, Gregorc style delineator, Felder Silverman's Index of Learning Survey, and Honey and Mumford's Learning Style Questionnaire. The preferred physiotherapy learning styles, according to the ELT, seem to be Converger (learns \"hands-on\" and applying previously attained knowledge) and Assimilator (gathers and organises information to make the most sense).CONCLUSIONS: Both physiotherapy learners and physiotherapists have specific learning styles of active participation, underpinned with practical examples of theoretical concepts. More research is needed in developing countries, and on postgraduate and professional physiotherapy learners' learning styles. Also, further research should focus on defining and describing physiotherapy learning styles in a way to be used as an industry standard; and developing valid and reliable learning style outcome measures applicable across physiotherapy learners and settings." ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to describe the delivery and acceptability of a short, structured training course for critical care physiotherapy and its effects on the knowledge and skills of the participants in Sri Lanka, a lower-middle income country.METHODS: The two-day program combining short didactic sessions with small group workshops and skills stations was developed and delivered by local facilitators in partnership with an overseas specialist physiotherapist trainer. The impact was assessed using pre/post-course self-assessment, pre/post-course multiple-choice-question (MCQ) papers, and an end-of-course feedback questionnaire.RESULTS: Fifty-six physiotherapists (26% of critical care physiotherapists in Sri Lanka) participated. Overall confidence in common critical care physiotherapy skills improved from 11.6% to 59.2% in pre/post-training self-assessments, respectively. Post-course MCQ scores (mean score=63.2) and percentage of passes (87.5%) were higher than pre-course scores (mean score=36.6; percentage of passes=12.5%). Overall feedback was very positive as 75% of the participants were highly satisfied with the course's contribution to improved critical care knowledge.CONCLUSIONS: This short, structured, critical care focused physiotherapy training has potential benefit to participating physiotherapists. Further, it provides an evidence that collaborative program can be planned and conducted successfully in a resource poor setting. This sustainable short course model may be adaptable to other resource-limited settings.", "BACKGROUND: Formally trained and accredited physiotherapists delivered Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) integrated with guideline-based physiotherapy management to individuals with acute whiplash associated disorders (WAD) as part of a randomised controlled trial. The delivery of SIT by physiotherapists is new.OBJECTIVES: To investigate physiotherapists' perspectives on delivering SIT as part of the trial and in routine practice.DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive.METHOD: Physiotherapists (n = 11) participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically. Findings were triangulated against an audit of physiotherapists' adherence to the SIT protocol.RESULTS: Three themes were identified: perceived value; capacity to deliver; and adaptation and implementation. Physiotherapists' saw value in SIT in that they perceived the program to have improved patient outcomes, enhanced their therapeutic alliance, and provided new skills to manage psychological contributors to WAD. Physiotherapists' capacity to deliver the program was facilitated through the development of confidence in their ability to deliver sessions, viewing SIT as falling within their current professional identity, and having confidence in their ability to manage mismatches in patients' expectations of care. All physiotherapists reported having used SIT to some extent in routine practice, by selectively delivering sessions and/or integrating the content with other management. Physiotherapists were able to deliver SIT as was intended (94.6% adherence).CONCLUSIONS: Physiotherapists' supported adding SIT to usual management of individuals with acute WAD. Education on SIT principles is recommended during pre-professional training to facilitate future implementation." ]

[ "Definition of midmorning. : the middle of the period from sunrise to noon or from rising to noon or from the beginning of the ordinary time of daily activities to noon the torrid midmorning sun — Linton Wells the midmorning coffee break." ]

[ "noun. 1 the middle of the day; midday. 2 Journalists sometimes use high noon to refer to a crisis or event which is likely to decide finally what is going to happen in a conflict or situation.oun. 1 the middle of the day; midday. 2 Journalists sometimes use high noon to refer to a crisis or event which is likely to decide finally what is going to happen in a conflict or situation.", "morning sickness - nausea early in the day; a characteristic symptom in the early months of pregnancy. maternity, pregnancy, gestation - the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing fetus in her uterus." ]

[ "Systematic Botany is the Society's quarterly international scientific journal, and publishes papers on topics such as taxonomy, systematics, speciation, morphometrics, molecular phylogeny, conservation, biogeography, and methods. 2011 Impact Factor: 1.517." ]

[ "Question: What is systematic theology?. Answer: “Systematic” refers to something being put into a system. Systematic theology is, therefore, the division of theology into systems that explain its various areas. For example, many books of the Bible give information about the angels. No one book gives all the information about the angels.", "1. (Botany) the study of plants, including their classification, structure, physiology, ecology, and economic importance. 2. (Botany) the plant life of a particular region or time. 3. (Botany) the biological characteristics of a particular group of plants.[C17: from botanical; compare astronomy, astronomical].. the branch of botany that studies fungi. 2. a catalogue of the fungi found in a specific area. — mycologist, n. — mycologie, mycological, adj. orchidology. the branch of botany or horticulture that studies orchids. — orchidologist, n. phycography. a scientific description of seaweed." ]

[ "That Order will not review the rule." ]

[ "The Order never reviews rules as it is illegal." ]

[ "Current Saturn Aura. Available in two trim levels -- XE and XR -- the Saturn Aura is one of the more distinct midsize sedans on the market. It is built on a stretched version of General Motors' Epsilon platform, and has a surprising amount of legroom in the rear seats." ]

[ "car listing options. A full list of available features and filters for the used 2008 Saturn Aura inventory include but are not limited to: Edmunds Special Offers: Gas Card (1). Model Type: Sedan (2).", "At the close of 2013 and throughout 2014, Saturn describes a Northward-facing loop in central Libra, positioned to the North-east of the constellation's second-brightest star Zuben Elgenubi ( Lib or Alpha Librae, apparent magnitude +2.8)." ]

[ "Bake the covered peppers for about 40 minutes and then remove the tin foil…. …and continue cooking for another 10-15 minutes until tops are slightly browned and pepper skin can be pierced easily with a fork. I served these beautiful stuffed peppers with butternut squash and they were fantastic! Enjoy! You can view and print this recipe here." ]

[ "1 Top chilies with half the grated cheese. 2 Repeat with another layer of chilies and another layer of cheese. 3 Pour egg mixture all over the top. 4 Place into a larger baking dish or rimmed baking sheet. 5 Pour in 1/2 inch of water and bake for 35 to 45 minutes, or until completely set.irections. 1 Preheat oven to 325 degrees. 2 Mix together eggs, milk, salt, pepper, paprika and cayenne. 3 Cut chilies in half and add a single layer of chilies on the bottom of a 9 x 13-inch baking dish. 4 Top chilies with half the grated cheese.", "Add garlic then saute for 1 more minute, and then add peppers and garlic to crock pot. Add red chili pepper flakes, a little pit of salt and pepper, tomato sauce, crushed tomatoes, and chicken broth to crock pot then cover and cook on low for 5-6 hours or until sausages are very tender." ]

[ "Dog the Bounty Hunter Dog the Bounty Hunter is an American reality television series which aired on A&E and chronicled Duane \"\"Dog\"\" Chapman's experiences as a bounty hunter. With a few exceptions, the series took place in Hawaii or Dog's home state of Colorado. On May 21, 2012, A&E canceled the series after eight seasons. The series began airing in syndication on September 16, 2013. Dog and Beth then starred in a spin-off series, \"\"\"\" on CMT, before that series ended in August 2015. On November 14, 2017 A&E announced that they would be airing a 2-hour special called \"\"Dog" ]

[ "hospitalized after falling unconscious during a challenge where he had to hold his breath underwater. The contestant sued NBC, claiming that the mechanism failed and caused him brain damage. Dog Eat Dog (U.S. game show) Dog Eat Dog was an American game show, which originally ran from June 17, 2002, to August 26, 2003. It was based on the UK version of the show by the same name. It was hosted by Brooke Burns, and had contestants compete against each other in physical competitions, trivia, and other assorted games for a prize of $25,000. Six players spend a day together", "Dog and Beth: On the Hunt Dog and Beth: On the Hunt is an American reality television series and spin-off of Dog the Bounty Hunter that aired on CMT and debuted on April 21, 2013. It was announced on May 21, 2013, that CMT had ordered additional episodes of the first season. New episodes returned on August 24, 2013. Season 2 premiered on June 14, 2014 and ended in October 2014. Season 3 premiered on July 18, 2015 and ended in August 2015. Beth Chapman announced on January 12, 2016 that the Chapmans were leaving CMT (with all rights to" ]

[ "The Dhole (Cuon alpinus), also known as the Asiatic Wild Dog, Indian Wild Dog, or Red Dog, is a species of Asian canid, and the only member of the genus Cuon." ]

[ "dogs, little is known about dhole ecology in this region. We used scat collections, prey surveys, and camera-trap. data to determine the diet, prey selection, and activity of dholes in a national protected area in northern Laos. Results showed that dhole diets were dominated by ungulates (87% of biomass consumed), with additional prey. including other carnivores (6%) and rodents , 1kg(6%).", "The Dhole typically weighs 12–20 kilograms (26–44 lb) and measures 90 centimetres (35 in) in body length and 50 centimetres (20 in) shoulder height. The tail measures 40–45 centimetres (16–18 in) in length. There is little sexual dimorphism. The Dhole has a broad, domed skull and a short, broad muzzle. The bones of the forehead and upper jaw are swollen, producing a dish-faced profile. The hooded eyes have amber or light brown irises, and the ears are large and rounded." ]

[ "A baseball player in a red jersey throwing a ball at the pitchers mound" ]

[ "The baseball player was watching tv" ]

[ "Conn’s Names Norman Miller CEO, Sells Off Consumer Debt. The actions are the culmination of a strategic reevaluation begun last fall amid a faltering finance operation." ]

[ "Known as the manufacturer of Apple iPhones, Sony Playstation and other popular electronic devices, Foxconn will also take a seat on the GoPro board. That seat will be occupied by Foxconn founder and billionaire CEO Terry Gou, who called the investment a “great opportunity” in a press release.", "Foxconn Buys Stake In Camera Maker GoPro, Turning Founder Into A Billionaire. Nicholas Woodman, avid surfer and GoPro founder, is now a billionaire. (Photo courtesy of GoPro) GoPro cameras have become the go-to item for filming extreme sports." ]

[ "Older adults are at a high risk of falls, and most falls occur during locomotor activities like walking. This study aimed to improve our understanding of changes in neuromuscular control associated with increased risk of falls in older adults in the presence of dynamic balance challenges during walking. Motor module (also known as muscle synergy) analyses identified changes in the neuromuscular recruitment of leg muscles during walking with and without perturbations designed to elicit the visual perception of lateral instability. During normal walking we found that a history of falls (but not age) was associated with reduced motor module complexity and that age (but not a history of falls) was associated with increased step-to-step variability of module recruitment timing. Furthermore, motor module complexity was unaltered in the presence of optical flow perturbations. The specific effects of a history of falls on leg muscle recruitment included an absence and/or inability to independently recruit motor modules normally recruited to perform biomechanical functions important for walking balance control. These results suggest that fallers do not recruit the appropriate motor modules necessary for well-coordinated walking balance control even in the presence of perturbations. The identified changes in the modular control of walking balance in older fallers may either represent a neural deficit that leads to poor balance control or a prior history of falls that results in a compensatory motor adaptation. In either case, our study provides initial evidence that a reduced motor repertoire in older adult fallers may be a constraint on their ability to appropriately respond to balance challenges during walking. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to demonstrate a reduced motor repertoire during walking in older adults with a history of falls but without any overt neurological deficits. Furthermore, using virtual reality during walking to elicit the visual perception of lateral instability, we provide initial evidence that a reduced motor repertoire in older adult fallers may be a constraint on their ability to appropriately respond to balance challenges during walking." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: Chronic muscle weakness impacts the majority of individuals after a stroke. The origins of this hemiparesis is multifaceted, and an altered spinal control of the motor unit (MU) pool can lead to muscle weakness. However, the relative contribution of different MU recruitment and discharge organization is not well understood. In this study, we sought to examine these different effects by utilizing a MU simulation with variations set to mimic the changes of MU control in stroke.APPROACH: Using a well-established model of the MU pool, this study quantified the changes in force output caused by changes in MU recruitment range and recruitment order, as well as MU firing rate organization at the population level. We additionally expanded the original model to include a fatigue component, which variably decreased the output force with increasing length of contraction. Differences in the force output at both the peak and fatigued time points across different excitation levels were quantified and compared across different sets of MU parameters.MAIN RESULTS: Across the different simulation parameters, we found that the main driving factor of the reduced force output was due to the compressed range of MU recruitment. Recruitment compression caused a decrease in total force across all excitation levels. Additionally, a compression of the range of MU firing rates also demonstrated a decrease in the force output mainly at the higher excitation levels. Lastly, changes to the recruitment order of MUs appeared to minimally impact the force output.SIGNIFICANCE: We found that altered control of MUs alone, as simulated in this study, can lead to a substantial reduction in muscle force generation in stroke survivors. These findings may provide valuable insight for both clinicians and researchers in prescribing and developing different types of therapies for the rehabilitation and restoration of lost strength after stroke.", "Here we examined changes in muscle coordination associated with improved motor performance after partnered, dance-based rehabilitation in individuals with mild to moderate idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Using motor module (a.k.a. muscle synergy) analysis, we identified changes in the modular control of overground walking and standing reactive balance that accompanied clinically meaningful improvements in behavioral measures of balance, gait, and disease symptoms after 3 wk of daily Adapted Tango classes. In contrast to previous studies that revealed a positive association between motor module number and motor performance, none of the six participants in this pilot study increased motor module number despite improvements in behavioral measures of balance and gait performance. Instead, motor modules were more consistently recruited and distinctly organized immediately after rehabilitation, suggesting more reliable motor output. Furthermore, the pool of motor modules shared between walking and reactive balance increased after rehabilitation, suggesting greater generalizability of motor module function across tasks. Our work is the first to show that motor module distinctness, consistency, and generalizability are more sensitive to improvements in gait and balance function after short-term rehabilitation than motor module number. Moreover, as similar differences in motor module distinctness, consistency, and generalizability have been demonstrated previously in healthy young adults with and without long-term motor training, our work suggests commonalities in the structure of muscle coordination associated with differences in motor performance across the spectrum from motor impairment to expertise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate changes in neuromuscular control of gait and balance in individuals with Parkinson's disease after short-term, dance-based rehabilitation. Our work is the first to show that motor module distinctness, consistency, and generalizability across gait and balance are more sensitive than motor module number to improvements in motor performance following short-term rehabilitation. Our results indicate commonalities in muscle coordination improvements associated with motor skill reacquisition due to rehabilitation and motor skill acquisition in healthy individuals." ]

[ "He knew a crash was imminent." ]

[ "He felt totally safe from any accidents." ]

[ "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) on melanin-producing cells and to elucidate its mechanism of action. We tested the anti-melanogenic effect of bLf on a 3-dimensional cultured pigmentation skin model and confirmed a 20% reduction in pigmentation, suggesting that bLf was transdermally absorbed and it suppressed melanin production. Treatment of human melanoma cells with bLf resulted in a significant, dose-dependent suppression of melanin production. Apo-bLf and holo-bLf suppressed melanogenesis to the same degree as bLf. The key feature behind this anti-melanogenic effect of bLf was the down-regulation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), leading to the suppression of tyrosinase activity. Treatment with bLf resulted in both decreased expression of MITF mRNA and enhanced degradation of MITF protein. However, the primary effector was enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), leading to the phosphorylation and degradation of MITF. Our finding that bLf suppresses melanin production in melanocytes indicates that bLf is a possible candidate for application as a skin-whitening agent." ]

[ "Although the regulation of pigmentation is well characterized, it remains unclear whether cell-autonomous controls regulate the cyclic on-off switching of pigmentation in the hair follicle (HF). As human HFs and epidermal melanocytes express clock genes and proteins, and given that core clock genes (PER1, BMAL1) modulate human HF cycling, we investigated whether peripheral clock activity influences human HF pigmentation. We found that silencing BMAL1 or PER1 in human HFs increased HF melanin content. Furthermore, tyrosinase expression and activity, as well as TYRP1 and TYRP2 mRNA levels, gp100 protein expression, melanocyte dendricity, and the number gp100+ HF melanocytes, were all significantly increased in BMAL1 and/or PER1-silenced HFs. BMAL1 or PER1 silencing also increased epidermal melanin content, gp100 protein expression, and tyrosinase activity in human skin. These effects reflect direct modulation of melanocytes, as BMAL1 and/or PER1 silencing in isolated melanocytes increased tyrosinase activity and TYRP1/2 expression. Mechanistically, BMAL1 knockdown reduces PER1 transcription, and PER1 silencing induces phosphorylation of the master regulator of melanogenesis, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, thus stimulating human melanogenesis and melanocyte activity in situ and in vitro. Therefore, the molecular clock operates as a cell-autonomous modulator of human pigmentation and may be targeted for future therapeutic strategies.", "The development of cutaneous melanoma is influenced by genetic factors, including BRAF mutations and environmental factors, such as ultraviolet exposure. Its progression has been also associated with the involvement of several tumour microenvironmental molecules. Among these, nuclear factor‑B(NF‑B) has been indicated as a key player of osteopontin(OPN) and matrix metalloproteinase‑9(MMP‑9) activation. However, whether NF‑B plays a role in the development and progression of melanoma in association with the OPN/MMP‑9 axis according to the BRAFV600E mutation status has not been investigated in detail to date. Thus, in the present study, in order to shed light on this matter, 148patients with melanoma and 53healthy donors were recruited for the analysis of OPN, MMP‑9 and NF‑B. Significantly higher circulating levels of OPN and MMP‑9 were observed in the patients with melanoma when compared to the healthy donors. Similar data were obtained for NF‑Bp65 activity. The OPN levels did not differ significantly between melanomas with or without BRAFV600E mutation. However, as regards NF‑B and MMP‑9, significant differences were observed between the melanomas with or without BRAFV600E mutation. To determine whether NF‑B inhibition is associated with a decrease in the levels of OPN and MMP‑9, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 29patients with melanoma were treated with the NF‑B inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomycin(DHMEQ), with or without OPN. As expected, the inhibition of NF‑B induced a marked decrease in both the OPN and MMP‑9 levels. Furthermore, the decrease in MMP‑9 levels was higher among melanomas harbouring the BRAFV600E mutation. Overall, our data suggest that the activation of MMP‑9 is associated with the BRAFV600E mutation status. Furthermore, such an activation is mediated by NF‑B, suggesting its role as therapeutic target in patients with melanoma." ]

[ "There is a girl wearing a black jumper." ]

[ "There is a group of men climbing a gate." ]

[ "Isoprenoids are diverse natural compounds, which have various applications as pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and solvents. The low yield of isoprenoids in plants makes them difficult for cost-effective production, and chemical synthesis of complex isoprenoids is impractical. Microbial production of isoprenoids has been considered as a promising approach to increase the yield. In this study, we engineered the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for sustainable production of a commercially valuable isoprenoid, limonene. Limonene synthases from the plants Mentha spicata and Citrus limon were expressed in cyanobacteria for limonene production. Production of limonene was two-fold higher with limonene synthase from M. spicata than that from C. limon. To enhance isoprenoid production, computational strain design was conducted by applying the OptForce strain design algorithm on Synechocystis 6803. Based on the metabolic interventions suggested by this algorithm, genes (ribose 5-phosphate isomerase and ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase) in the pentose phosphate pathway were overexpressed, and a geranyl diphosphate synthase from the plant Abies grandis was expressed to optimize the limonene biosynthetic pathway. The optimized strain produced 6.7 mg/L of limonene, a 2.3-fold improvement in productivity. Thus, this study presents a feasible strategy to engineer cyanobacteria for photosynthetic production of isoprenoids." ]

[ "Isoprene is the most abundant biogenic volatile hydrocarbon compound naturally emitted by plants and plays a major role in atmospheric chemistry. It has been proposed that isoprene synthases (IspS) may readily evolve from other terpene synthases, but this hypothesis has not been experimentally investigated. We isolated and functionally validated in Arabidopsis the first isoprene synthase gene, AdoIspS, from a monocotyledonous species (Arundo donax L., Poaceae). Phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that AdoIspS and dicots isoprene synthases most likely originated by parallel evolution from TPS-b monoterpene synthases. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated invivo the functional and evolutionary relevance of the residues considered diagnostic for IspS function. One of these positions was identified by saturating mutagenesis as a major determinant of substrate specificity in AdoIspS able to cause invivo a dramatic change in total volatile emission from hemi- to monoterpenes and supporting evolution of isoprene synthases from ocimene synthases. The mechanism responsible for IspS neofunctionalization by active site size modulation by a single amino acid mutation demonstrated in this study might be general, as the very same amino acidic position is implicated in the parallel evolution of different short-chain terpene synthases from both angiosperms and gymnosperms. Based on these results, we present a model reconciling in a unified conceptual framework the apparently contrasting patterns previously observed for isoprene synthase evolution in plants. These results indicate that parallel evolution may be driven by relatively simple biophysical constraints, and illustrate the intimate molecular evolutionary links between the structural and functional bases of traits with global relevance.", "MAIN CONCLUSION: Isoprenoid and aromatic cytokinins occur in poplar as free compounds and constituents of tRNA, poplar isopentenyltransferases are involved in the production of isoprenoid cytokinins, while biosynthesis of their aromatic counterparts remains unsolved. Cytokinins are phytohormones with a fundamental role in the regulation of plant growth and development. They occur naturally either as isoprenoid or aromatic derivatives, but the latter are quite rare and less studied. Here, the spatial expression of all nine isopentenyl transferase genes of Populus ? canadensis cv.Robusta (PcIPTs) as analyzed by RT-qPCR revealed a tissue preference and strong differences in expression levels for the different adenylate and tRNA PcIPTs. Together with their phylogeny, this result suggests a functional diversification for the different PcIPT proteins. Additionally, the majority of PcIPT genes were cloned and expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana under an inducible promoter. The cytokinin levels measured in the Arabidopsis-overexpressing lines as well as their phenotype indicate that the studied adenylate and tRNA PcIPT proteins are functional in vivo and thus will contribute to the cytokinin pool in poplar. We screened the cytokinin content in leaves of 12 Populus species by ultra-high performance-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and discovered that the capacity to produce not only isoprenoid, but also aromatic cytokinins is widespread amongst the Populus accessions studied. Important for future studies is that the levels of aromatic cytokinins transiently increase after daybreak and are much higher in older plants." ]

[ "Recently, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,5-DQA), a caffeoylquinic acid derivative isolated from Aster scaber, was found to have neuroprotective effects. However, the protective mechanisms of 1,5-DQA have not yet been clearly identified. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective mechanisms of 1,5-DQA on neuronal culture. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA against amyloid β(1-42) (Aβ(42))-induced neurotoxicity in primary neuronal culture. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA, primary cultured cortical neurons from neonate rats were pretreated with 1,5-DQA for 2 hours and then treated with 40 µmol/L Aβ(42) for 6 hours. Cell counting kit-8, Hoechst staining and Western blotting were used for detecting the protective mechanism. Comparisons between two groups were evaluated by independent t test, and multiple comparisons were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). 1,5-DQA treated neurons showed increased neuronal cell viability against Aβ(42) toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, both phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) were activated by 1,5-DQA with stimulating their upstream tyrosine kinase A (Trk A). However, the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA were blocked by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, but not by PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Furthermore, 1,5-DQA's anti-apoptotic potential was related to the enhanced inactivating phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and the modulation of expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2/Bax" ]

[ "Accumulating evidence indicates that curcumin potently protects against beta-amyloid (Abeta) due to its oxygen free radicals scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties. However, cellular mechanisms that may underlie the neuroprotective effect of curcumin in Abeta-induced toxicity are not fully understood yet. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms involved in neuroprotective effects of curcumin, particularly involving Wnt/beta-catenin and PI3K pathways. Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures were treated with curcumin and exposed to Abeta1-42 for 48 hours. Synaptic dysfunction, cell death, ROS formation, neuroinflammation and beta-catenin, Akt, and GSK-3beta phosphorylation were measured to determine the effects of curcumin against Abeta toxicity. Curcumin significantly attenuated Abeta-induced cell death, loss of synaptophysin, and ROS generation. Furthermore, curcumin was able to decrease IL-6 release and increase IL-10 release, and prevented glial activation. The phosphorylation of beta-catenin was avoided and the levels of free beta-catenin were increased by curcumin to promote cell survival upon treatment with Abeta. Curcumin, in the presence of Abeta, activated Akt which in turn phosphorylates GSK-3beta, and resulted in the inhibition of GSK-3beta. The presence of LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K pathway, blocked the pro-survival effect of curcumin", "Protein misfolding and aggregation are associated with amyloidosis. The toxic aggregation of amyloid-â 1-42 (Aâ42) may disrupt cell membranes and lead to cell death and is thus regarded as a contributing factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) has been shown to exhibit strong anti-aggregation effects on amyloidogenic proteins such as insulin and á-synuclein; however, its high toxicity and poor solubility limit its clinical application. Menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB, also known as vitamin K3), is used clinically in China to treat hemorrhagic diseases caused by vitamin K deficiency and globally as a vitamin K supplement. We hypothesized that MSB could inhibit amyloid formation since its backbone structure is similar to NQ. To test our hypothesis, we first investigated the effects of MSB on Aâ42 amyloid formation in vitro. We found that MSB inhibited Aâ42 amyloid formation in a dose dependent manner, delayed the secondary structural conversion of Aâ42 from random coil to ordered â-sheet, and attenuated the ability of Aâ42 aggregates to disrupt membranes; moreover, the quinone backbone rather than lipophilicity is esstial for the inhibitory effects of MSB. Next, in cells expressing a pathogenic APP mutation (Osaka mutation) that results in the formation of intraneuronal Aâ oligomers, MSB inhibited the intracellular aggregation of Aâ. Moreover, MSB treatment significantly extended the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans CL2120, a strain that expresses human Aâ42. Together, these results suggest that MSB and its derivatives may be further explored as potential therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of AD." ]

[ "A budgetary target is the Legal Services Corp." ]

[ "The Legal Services Corp. is never a budgetary target." ]

[ "Some of the distances between cities that can be found using the system. Click on one to see it or type in your own places above in the text boxes. How Far is it Between New York City, Usa and Barcelona, Spain." ]

[ "To find the distances between cities in US and other useful information such as average speed, driving time, the recommended breaks, fuel consumption, fuel price, type in the above fields the names of localities-FROM Saint-Louis,MO TO Paragould,AR and then press ENTER key or click on DISTANCE button.", "Example: To find the distances between cities in US and other useful information such as average speed, driving time, the recommended breaks, fuel consumption, fuel price, type in the above fields the names of localities-FROM Indianapolis,IN TO Glen-Ellyn,IL and then press ENTER key or click on DISTANCE button." ]

[ "Some investigations have been carried out in this study to find the best technique of soil reclamation in mercurypolluted soil. In this study, we examined Lepidium sativum L. as a plant useful for Hg phytoextraction. The simultaneous application of compost and thiosulfate was explored as a possible method of enhancing the process of phytoextraction. The results of the investigations of plant protein changes during assisted Hg phytoextraction were also provided. The results of the study show that combined use of compost and thiosulfate significantly increased both the total Hg accumulation and its translocation to aerial plant tissues. Plant protein analysis showed that L. sativum L. has the ability to respond to environmental stress condition by the activation of additional proteins. The additional proteins, like homocysteine methyltransferase, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylases (long and short chains), 14-3-3-like protein, and biosynthesis-related 40S ribosomal protein S15, were activated in plant shoots only in experiments carried out in Hg-polluted soil. There were no protein changes observed in plants exposed to compost and thiosulfate. It suggests that the combined use of compost and thiosulfate decreased Hg toxicity." ]

[ "Thiols are often highly odor active molecules and as such can significantly contribute to aroma while being present at extremely low concentrations. This paper details the identification of thiols in yellow onion juice by solvent extraction followed by thiol enrichment using a mercuric agarose gel column. Due to the inherent thermal instability and low concentrations of thiols in onion, chromatographic analysis utilized larger volume solvent elimination injections. New sulfur compounds in onion included 1,1-propanedithiol, bis-(1-sulfanylpropyl)-sulfide, 1-methylsulfanyl-1-propanethiol, 1-propylsulfanyl-1-propanethiol, and 1-allylsulfanyl-1-propanethiol. A discussion on the potential route of formation for each compound is included along with the orthonasal and retronasal evaluations of the synthesized molecules. This work investigated and identified 5 newly identified compounds present in onions that can impart onion character at low concentrations levels.", "The enzymes of the thiosulfate dehydrogenase (TsdA) family are wide-spread diheme c-type cytochromes. Here, redox carriers were studied mediating the flow of electrons arising from thiosulfate oxidation into respiratory or photosynthetic electron chains. In a number of organisms, including Thiomonas intermedia and Sideroxydans lithotrophicus, the tsdA gene is immediately preceded by tsdB encoding for another diheme cytochrome. Spectrophotometric experiments in combination with enzymatic assays in solution showed that TsdB acts as an effective electron acceptor of TsdA in vitro when TsdA and TsdB originate from the same source organism. Although TsdA covers a range from -300 to +150 mV, TsdB is redox active between -100 and +300 mV, thus enabling electron transfer between these hemoproteins. The three-dimensional structure of the TsdB-TsdA fusion protein from the purple sulfur bacterium Marichromatium purpuratum was solved by X-ray crystallography to 2.75 ? resolution providing insights into internal electron transfer. In the oxidized state, this tetraheme cytochrome c contains three hemes with axial His/Met ligation, whereas heme 3 exhibits the His/Cys coordination typical for TsdA active sites. Interestingly, thiosulfate is covalently bound to Cys330 on heme 3. In several bacteria, including Allochromatium vinosum, TsdB is not present, precluding a general and essential role for electron flow. Both AvTsdA and the MpTsdBA fusion react efficiently in vitro with high potential iron-sulfur protein from A. vinosum (Em +350 mV). High potential iron-sulfur protein not only acts as direct electron donor to the reaction center in anoxygenic phototrophs but can also be involved in aerobic respiratory chains." ]

[ "Music is played for a crowd." ]

[ "A woman, playing music, smiles as a crowd falls asleep to her performance." ]

[ "Grey's Anatomy (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special two-hour premiere. The season consists of 24 episodes, with the season's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the series overall. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Krista Vernoff and William Harper. The fourteenth season is the first not to feature Jerrika Hinton as Dr. Stephanie Edwards since her introduction" ]

[ "As We Know It \"\"As We Know It\"\" is the seventeenth episode of the second season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". The episode was written by Shonda Rhimes and was directed by Peter Horton. It originally aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), on February 12, 2006, running for 43:06 min. This episode is the second of a two-part story. The episode (along with its first part, \"\"It's the end of the world\"\") secured writer Shonda Rhimes a 2006 Emmy Award nomination in the \"\"Writing for a drama series\"\" category. Dr. Bailey is in labor, and without", "Call\"\", \"\"\"\", aired during the beginning of the seventh season. Also during the seventh season, the series produced a musical episode entitled \"\"Song Beneath the Song\"\", featuring songs that became famous through their use in \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". The show received a twenty-four episode eighth season renewal, which commenced on September 22, 2011 with a two-hour episode, and ended on May 17, 2012. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for a ninth season, which premiered on September 27, 2012 and ended on May 16, 2013. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for a tenth season on May 10, 2013 and premiered on September 27, 2013" ]

[ "Robert Novak and Al Hunt were featured in the December edition of Capital Gang." ]

[ "Novak and Hunt were on their usual friendly terms." ]

[ "Activating point mutations and protein overexpression of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), especially FGFR3, are frequent events in bladder cancer. Little is known about gene amplifications, therefore we characterized amplification of FGFR1-3 by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). Tumours of 153 patients (n = 65 pTa low-grade, n = 15 pTa high-grade, n = 37 pT1, n = 20 pT2, n = 10 pT3, n = 6 pT4) were analysed by FISH for FGFR1-3 copy numbers and screened for FGFR3 mutations and immunohistochemical protein expression. Amplifications of FGFR1 were found in 1.6% (two of 122), FGFR2 in 0.8% (one of 121) and FGFR3 in 3.4% (five of 145). All amplifications were high-level amplifications, not overlapping with polysomy. Amplifications were found in papillary/papillary-invasive tumour parts, and predominantly in tumours with enhanced Ki67 index (>10%), aberrant CK20 expression, and low p53 expression. All FGFR3-amplified samples showed concomitant FGFR3 mutations and FGFR3 protein overexpression. FGFR amplifications were not associated significantly with gender, age, grade or stage in statistical analyses" ]

[ "Deletions of the cell cycle control gene CDKN2A are described as progression markers of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and to be associated with fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGFR3) mutations. The prognostic role of CDKN2A RNA expression in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is under discussion. In 80 MIBC patients (m/f 60/20) who underwent radical cystectomy the expression of CDKN2A and FGFR3 was examined with qRT-PCR (test cohort). The MDA cohort (n = 57) and the TCGA cohort (n = 365) served for validation. The expression of drug target genes and TCGA molecular subtypes was correlated with CDKN2A expression. In the test cohort CDKN2Ahigh patients (n = 8; 10.0%) had a significantly shorter recurrence-free (p = 0.018) and disease-specific (p = 0.006) survival compared to the rest of the cohort. A similar stratification was seen in the validation cohorts (CDKN2Ahigh: n = 7, 12.3%, p = 0.001; n = 46, 12.6%, p = 0.011). In the TCGA cohort these patients had a comparably low expression of drug target genes. The expression of CDKN2A significantly differed among TGCA molecular subtypes. 71.7% of CDKN2Ahigh were TCGA basal squamous tumours but also show divergent molecular features compared to this group. In summary CDKN2A RNA expression-based risk stratification of MIBC allows the identification of a CDKN2Ahigh poor prognosis group with low expression of drug target genes.", "Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) 19, 21, and 23 have been reported as functional factors in human metabolic diseases and malignancies. We performed a prospective survey to compare circulating FGF levels in urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients and normal controls. Between 2016 and 2017, 39 patients with UC of the urinary bladder or upper urinary tract who received surgical intervention were included. All the serum samples were obtained before surgeries. The control group included 28 healthy volunteers. Analysis of the circulating FGF19, 21, and 23 levels among all 67 subjects, as well as a subgroup analysis of the 39 UC patients were performed. The median levels of serum FGF19, 21, and 23 in the UC patients were 84.2, 505.3, and 117.6 pg/mL, respectively, which were statistically different from levels found in the healthy controls (P = 0.015, <0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, the FGF19 and FGF21 levels were significantly higher in end-stage renal disease UC patients, while FGF21 was also higher in the UC patients with cardiovascular diseases and history of recurrent UC. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, FGF19, 21, and 23 were all significant predictors of UC [area under the curve (AUC)] 0.674, P = 0.015; AUC 0.918, P < 0.001; AUC 0.897, P < 0.001, respectively). In UC patients, serum FGF19 level was significantly lower, while FGF21 and 23 were significantly higher, than respective levels in healthy controls. All three markers may serve as good predictors of UC occurrence, and FGF21 level was associated with disease recurrence. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(1):62-68, 2019." ]

[ "The lupus impact tracker (LIT) is a 10-item patient reported outcome tool to measure the impact of systemic lupus erythematosus or its treatment on patients' daily lives. Herein, we describe the responsiveness of the LIT and LupusQoL to changes in disease activity, using the systemic lupus erythematosus responder index (SRI). A total of 325 adult systemic lupus erythematosus patients were enrolled in an observational, longitudinal, multicentre study, conducted across the USA and Canada. Data (demographics, LIT, LupusQoL, BILAG, SELENA-SLEDAI) were obtained three months apart. Modified SRI was defined as: a decrease in SELENA-SLEDAI (4 points); no new BILAG A, and no greater than one new BILAG B; and no increase in the physician global assessment. Standardised response mean and effect size for LIT and LupusQoL domains were calculated among SRI responders and non-responders. Wilcoxon's test was used to compare the LIT and LupusQoL variation by SRI responder status. Of the participants 90% were women, 53% were white, 33% were of African descendant and 17% were Hispanic. Mean (SD) age and SELENA-SLEDAI at baseline were 42.3 (16.2) years and 4.3 (3.8), respectively. Mean (SD) LIT score at baseline was 39.4 (22.9). LIT standardised response mean (effect size) among SRI responders and non-responders were -0.69 (-0.36) and -0.20 (-0.12), respectively (P = 0.02). For LupusQoL, two domains were responsive to SRI: standardised response mean (effect size) for physical health and pain domains were 0.42 (0.23) and 0.65 (0.44), respectively" ]

[ "The relationship between fatigue and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been questioned. We examined whether self-reported fatigue in patients with SLE is correlated with disease activity. Consecutive patients with SLE at the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic were evaluated for disease activity using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). They were also evaluated for fibromyalgia (FM) by American College of Rheumatology criteria. One hundred patients completed the following health status questionnaires: the Fatigue Severity Score (FSS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (SF-20). Disease activity was measured by the SLEDAI. Statistical correlations were made using the Spearman test. No significant correlation was found between FSS scores and SLEDAI (p = NS). Fatigue was found to be highly correlated with the presence of FM (p < 0.05) and depression (p < 0.01). In addition, fatigue was significantly associated with lower performance in all 6 domains of the SF-20 (p < 0.001); disease activity correlated with decreases in social function, mental health, and health perception areas of the SF-20. SLEDAI was not found to correlate with FM (p = NS)", "Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, progressive, autoimmune disease that causes significant stress on patients. There is no specific instrument for assessing stress in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients. The objective of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Validity evaluation included structural and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity). Structural validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating the total score of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index. Discriminant validity was determined by the statistically significant differences in perceived stress scores among patients with different education levels and disease activity. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The test-retest reliability was measured at 1-week intervals. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two dimensions that explained 66.45% of the variation. Moderate-to-strong correlations were also found between the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index. Excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.954) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.810) were demonstrated. In conclusion, the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale can be used to measure stress among Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients and serve as a basis for further research." ]

[ " What are the signs and symptoms of Marshall syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Marshall syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Anteverted nares 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the nose 90% Arthralgia 90% Depressed nasal bridge 90% Hypertelorism 90% Hypoplasia of the zygomatic bone 90% Long philtrum 90% Malar flattening 90% Myopia 90% Sensorineural hearing impairment 90% Short stature 90% Thick lower lip vermilion 90% Abnormal hair quantity 50% Abnormality of the vitreous humor 50% Cleft palate 50% Craniofacial hyperostosis 50% Genu valgum 50% Glaucoma 50% Hypohidrosis 50% Osteoarthritis 50% Proptosis 50% Retinal detachment 50% Visual impairment 50% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow 7.5% Frontal bossing 7.5% Nystagmus 7.5% Absent frontal sinuses - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Calcification of falx cerebri - Congenital cataract - Coxa valga - Epicanthus - Esotropia - Flat midface - Hypoplastic ilia - Irregular distal femoral epiphysis - Irregular proximal tibial epiphyses - Lens luxation - Low-set ears - Macrodontia of permanent maxillary central incisor - Meningeal calcification - Pierre-Robin sequence - Platyspondyly - Radial bowing - Short nose - Small distal femoral epiphysis - Small proximal tibial epiphyses - Thick upper lip vermilion - Thickened calvaria - Ulnar bowing - Vitreoretinal degeneration - Wide tufts of distal phalanges - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common." ]

[ " What are the symptoms of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome? Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is characterized by the abrupt onset of fever, petechiae, septic shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) followed by acute hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands and severe cardiovascular dysfunction. Patients often experience prodromic, nonspecific symptoms, including malaise, headache, weakness, dizziness, cough, arthralgia (joint pain), and myalgia (muscle pain). A characteristic skin rash with a typical evolution occurs in approximately 75% of patients with Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. In its early stages, the rash consists of small, pink macules or papules. These are rapidly followed by petechial lesions, which gradually transform into large, purpuric, coalescent plaques in late stages of the disease.", " Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), also known as Hunter syndrome, is a condition that affects many different parts of the body and occurs almost exclusively in males. It is a progressively debilitating disorder; however, the rate of progression varies among affected individuals. At birth, individuals with MPS II do not display any features of the condition. Between ages 2 and 4, they develop full lips, large rounded cheeks, a broad nose, and an enlarged tongue (macroglossia). The vocal cords also enlarge, which results in a deep, hoarse voice. Narrowing of the airway causes frequent upper respiratory infections and short pauses in breathing during sleep (sleep apnea). As the disorder progresses, individuals need medical assistance to keep their airway open. Many other organs and tissues are affected in MPS II. Individuals with this disorder often have a large head (macrocephaly), a buildup of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus), an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), and a soft out-pouching around the belly-button (umbilical hernia) or lower abdomen (inguinal hernia). People with MPS II usually have thick skin that is not very stretchy. Some affected individuals also have distinctive white skin growths that look like pebbles. Most people with this disorder develop hearing loss and have recurrent ear infections. Some individuals with MPS II develop problems with the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye (retina) and have reduced vision. Carpal tunnel syndrome commonly occurs in children with this disorder and is characterized by numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers. Narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis) in the neck can compress and damage the spinal cord. The heart is also significantly affected by MPS II, and many individuals develop heart valve problems. Heart valve abnormalities can cause the heart to become enlarged (ventricular hypertrophy) and can eventually lead to heart failure. Children with MPS II grow steadily until about age 5, and then their growth slows and they develop short stature. Individuals with this condition have joint deformities (contractures) that significantly affect mobility. Most people with MPS II also have dysostosis multiplex, which refers to multiple skeletal abnormalities seen on x-ray. Dysostosis multiplex includes a generalized thickening of most long bones, particularly the ribs. There are two types of MPS II, called the severe and mild types. While both types affect many different organs and tissues as described above, people with severe MPS II also experience a decline in intellectual function and a more rapid disease progression. Individuals with the severe form begin to lose basic functional skills (developmentally regress) between the ages of 6 and 8. The life expectancy of these individuals is 10 to 20 years. Individuals with mild MPS II also have a shortened lifespan, but they typically live into adulthood and their intelligence is not affected. Heart disease and airway obstruction are major causes of death in people with both types of MPS II." ]

[ "The term self-concept is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about, evaluates or perceives themselves. To be aware of oneself is to have a concept of oneself. The individual's belief about himself or herself, including the person's attributes and who and what the self is." ]

[ "noun idea, view, image, theory, impression, notion, conception, hypothesis, abstraction, conceptualization She added that the concept of arranged marriages is misunderstood in the west.", "Self-Determination Theory (Deci and Ryan) Summary: Self-Determination Theory is a theory of motivation and personality that addresses three universal, innate and psychological needs: competence, autonomy, and psychological relatedness. Originators: Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan, psychologists at the University of Rochester." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia that causes cognitive dysfunction. Acupuncture, an ancient therapy, has been mentioned for the treatment of vascular dementia in previous studies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acupuncture in animal models of vascular dementia.METHODS: Experimental animal studies of treating vascular dementia with acupuncture were gathered from Embase, PubMed and Ovid Medline (R) from the dates of the databases' creation to December 2016. We adopted the CAMARADES 10-item checklist to evaluate the quality of the included studies. The Morris water maze test was considered as an outcome measure. The software Stata12.0 was used for the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was examined using I2 statistics, and we conducted subgroup analyses to determine the causes of heterogeneity for escape latency and duration in original platform.RESULTS: Sixteen studies involving 363 animals met the inclusion criteria. The included studies scored between 4 and 8 points, and the mean was 5.44. The results of the meta-analysis indicated remarkable differences with acupuncture on increasing the duration in the former platform quadrant both in EO models (SMD = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02 ~ 2.11; p < 0.00001) and 2-VO models (SMD 4.29, 95% CI 3.23 ~ 5.35; p < 0.00001) compared with the control groups.CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture may be effective in improving cognitive function in vascular dementia animal models. The mechanisms of acupuncture for vascular dementia are multiple such as anti-apoptosis, antioxidative stress reaction, and metabolism enhancing of glucose and oxygen." ]

[ "Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HRT) is a traditional oriental herbal formula used in Asian countries for treating inflammatory diseases and controlling fever. Our present study aimed to determine whether HRT has therapeutic effects for patients with vascular dementia (VaD) using a bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) rat model and assessing spatial memory impairment and activation of neuroinflammation. BCCAO was performed in male Sprague Dawley rats to induce VaD, and oral HRT was administered daily for 30 d. Our data showed that HRT ameliorated BCCAO-induced memory and cognitive impairment in behavioral tests. In addition, HRT reversed cholinergic dysfunction and neuronal damage in the hippocampus of BCCAO rats. Furthermore, HRT attenuated microglial activation and reduced the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) induced by BCCAO. Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of HRT using index compounds from the herbal composition revealed that both HRT ethanol extract and commercial HRT granules primarily comprise geniposide, baicalin, and berberine. Our study showed that HRT administration resulted in the prevention of neuronal injury induced by BCCAO through improvement of cholinergic dysfunction and inhibition of neuroinflammatory responses, suggesting that HRT may have potential as a treatment for VaD.", "OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of needling \"Danzhong\" (CV17), \"Zhongwan\"(CV12), \"Qihai\" (CV6), \"Xuehai\"(SP10)and \"Zusanli\"(ST36) (Triple Energizer Acupuncture Method) on the learning-memory ability and profile of hippocampal differentially-expressed genes and proteins of SAMP8 mice (rapid aging mice), so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in improving Alzheimer's disease (AD)?.METHODS: A total of 60 SAMP8 were used as the dementia model and randomly divided into blank control, acupoint and non-acupoint groups (n?20 per group). The 5 acupuncture points and non-acupoints (subcostal region) on the bilateral sides were needled with filiform needles and manipulated manually for 30 s at each one?once daily, 6 times a week for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze tests (location navigation tests and space probing trials) were used to evaluate the mouse's learning-memory ability. The hippocampal tissue was extracted to detect differentially expressed genes and proteins related to acupuncture intervention by gene chip and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) techniques as well as bioinformatic analysis, separately. The information is analyzed through bioinformatics database tools. Finally, immunofluorescence staining was used to verify theresults of microarray analysis.RESULTS: Compared with mice of the control and non-acupoint groups, the escape latency of location navigation task of Morris water maze tests on 4th and 5th day of training was significantly shortened in mice of the acupoint group, and the duration of stay in the original safe-platform quadrant was significantly increased in the acupoint group (P<0.05). Gene microarray displayed that in comparison with the control group, 898 differentially expressed genes were up-regulated, 418 genes were down-regulated in the hippocampus of acupoint group. The iTRAQ analysis indicated that in the acupoint and non-acupoint groups, 286 and 299 differentially expressed proteins were up-regulated, 319 and 179 proteins down-regulated, respectively. Of the 34 terms containing 47 proteins up-regulated by acupoint needling, including intermediate filament, keratin filament, myelin sheath, postsynaptic density, neuron projection were related with neurite and cytoskele-ton. While in the non-acupoint group, of the 24 terms were listed by the system, only the myelin sheath involving 11 differentially expressed proteins functions in activities of neurite and cytoskeleton. Immunofluorescence staining of the hippocampal tissue showed that the high-density distribution areas of neurons and neurite fibers were characterized by decentralization and disordering, with the highlighted areas being mainly near the cell body parts in control mice, but in mice of the acupoint group, the highlighted areas at the neurite were relatively dense, the morphology of hippocampal cells was complete, the fiber structure was clear, dense and orderly, and the neurites were closely arranged and in order, indicating an improvement of the distribution and arrangement of nerve fibers after acupuncture. The height of neurite highlight area of the acupoint group was significantly higher than that of the non-acupoint group (P<0.05)?.CONCLUSION: The \"Triple Energizer Acupuncture\" of acupoints is able to improve the learning-memory ability in SAMP8, which may be related to its effects in regulating the expression and function of hippocampal genes and proteins related to neurite and cytoskeleton." ]

[ "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Dysexecutive syndrome (DES) consists of a group of symptoms, usually resulting from brain damage, that fall into cognitive, behavioural and emotional categories and tend to occur together.ymptoms of DES fall into three broad categories: cognitive, emotional and behavioural. Many of the symptoms can be seen as a direct result of impairment to the central executive component of working memory, which is responsible for attentional control and inhibition." ]

[ "1 Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), or Pick's disease, is a syndrome featuring shrinking of the frontal and temporal anterior lobes of the brain. 2 The symptoms of frontotemporal dementia fall into two clinical patterns that involve either: (1) changes in behavior, or (2) problems with language.", "Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a syndrome that is associated with shrinking of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Frontotemporal dementia used to be referred to as Pick's disease. Frontotemporal dementia has a strong genetic component. Symptoms of frontotemporal dementia include changes in behavior or problems with language. There is no treatment that slows the progression of frontotemporal dementia. Medication may be prescribed to improve symptoms." ]

[ "She hopes she can type." ]

[ "She is not busy." ]

[ "I can understand your situation and problem. Yes, it is safe to take cortisone shot while having pulmonary embolism (blood clots in lung). But following things should be noted. 1. You must follow your blood thinner medicines. Regular PT, INR report should be done to titrate blood thinner medicine. 2. Make sure your doctor is giving cortisone in the joint and not in the vessels. Intra-articular steroid injection is treatment of chronic joint pain. So it is safe, just make sure that it is intra-articular and not intravascular. And continue your blood thinne" ]

[ "Thank you for your query. I am Chat Doctor, I understand your concerns and I will try to help you as much as I can. Well this could be blood clot, and you should do Doppler ultrasound to rule this out since after surgical procedures, there may be higher risk of closing disorders, so it should be evaluated more detailed. It may also be septic embolus if you had pyelonephritis, so investigation is definitely required. I hope I have answered you query. If you have any further questions you can contact us in every time. Kindly regards. Wish you a good health.", "Thanks for posting here. I have gone through your description. 60% blockages are considered non-critical. The carotid arteries supply the brain. When you had a TIA a small clot may have been formed at the blockage area and later traveled towards your brain. So you need to be on antiplatelet medications which will prevent the clot from forming. Endarterectomy is usually not done for 60% stenoses. In the future if the block increases in severity, a carotid stenting can be offered. Endarterectomy is a surgery and usually is done if angioplasty fails or is not possible. At present, you need to be on medical management. Also, the RCA has a 60%stenosis which again is non-critical and should be managed on medications. You should be prescribed antiplatelet medications and statins which lower the cholesterol to prevent these cholesterol deposits in your arteries from increasing. You have many risk factors for heart disease like smoking, high BP, diabetes, so you have to continue your BP and diabetic medications along with the above and try to quit smoking. Wishing you Good healthRegards" ]

[ "Possible heat exhaustion signs and symptoms include: 1 Cool, moist skin with goose bumps when in the heat. 2 Heavy sweating. 3 Faintness. Dizziness. 4 Fatigue. Weak, rapid pulse. Low blood pressure upon 1 standing. Muscle 2 cramps. 3 Nausea. Headache.", "Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion may develop suddenly or over time, especially with prolonged periods of exercise. Possible heat exhaustion signs and symptoms include: Cool, moist skin with goose bumps when in the heat. Heavy sweating. Faintness. Dizziness. Fatigue." ]

[ "If you or someone else has heat exhaustion, treat symptoms in the following ways. 1 Get out of the heat quickly and into a cool place, or at least shade. 2 Lie down and elevate your legs to get blood flowing to your heart. 3 Take off any tight or extra clothing. Apply cool towels to your skin or take a cool bath.", "The initial symptoms of altitude sickness can include: 1 Headache. 2 Lethargy. 3 A drop in performance. 4 Lack of coordination. 5 Insomnia. 6 Appetite loss. 7 Dizziness. 8 Nausea. 9 Vomiting." ]

[ "wikiHow to Play What Restaurant. What Restaurant is a simple and addictive restaurant trivia game available on iOS and Android. You go through a series of logos representing various restaurants, cafes, and fast food chains. All the brands are global in nature, so they are easily recognizable and everyone can play." ]

[ "The game features all of the favorite elements of the show, including the scoreboard, face offs, strikes, stealing and 'fast money' rounds. Features: Authentic sets and stages modeled on all four decades of the TV show, with wardrobe items to match, including hippie, disco, grunge and other retro outfits.", "The question game is a game where a person asks another person a question and the other person must answer with a question, repeating this process until a person answers a question with a statement. You cannot repeat the exact wording of any question used in that round of the game." ]

[ "Arsenic awareness plays a vital role in ensuring the sustainability of arsenic mitigation technologies. Thus far, however, few studies have dealt with the sustainability of such technologies and its associated socioeconomic dimensions. As a result, arsenic awareness prediction has not yet been fully conceptualized. Accordingly, this study evaluated arsenic awareness among arsenic-affected communities in rural India, using a structured questionnaire to record socioeconomic, demographic, and other sociobehavioral factors with an eye to assessing their association with and influence on arsenic awareness. First a logistic regression model was applied and its results compared with those produced by six state-of-the-art machine-learning algorithms (Support Vector Machine [SVM], Kernel-SVM, Decision Tree [DT], k-Nearest Neighbor [k-NN], Na?ve Bayes [NB], and Random Forests [RF]) as measured by their accuracy at predicting arsenic awareness. Most (63%) of the surveyed population was found to be arsenic-aware. Significant arsenic awareness predictors were divided into three types: (1) socioeconomic factors: caste, education level, and occupation; (2) water and sanitation behavior factors: number of family members involved in water collection, distance traveled and time spent for water collection, places for defecation, and materials used for handwashing after defecation; and (3) social capital and trust factors: presence of anganwadi and people's trust in other community members, NGOs, and private agencies. Moreover, individuals' having higher social network positively contributed to arsenic awareness in the communities. Results indicated that both the SVM and the RF algorithms outperformed at overall prediction of arsenic awareness-a nonlinear classification problem. Lower-caste, less educated, and unemployed members of the population were found to be the most vulnerable, requiring immediate arsenic mitigation. To this end, local social institutions and NGOs could play a crucial role in arsenic awareness and outreach programs. Use of SVM or RF or a combination of the two, together with use of a larger sample size, could enhance the accuracy of arsenic awareness prediction." ]

[ "We present a new approach to arsenic (As) risk assessment using biomonitoring. In this pilot study we determined the levels of total and speciated urinary arsenicin 109 Spanish school children aged between 6 and 11 years, and interpreted these concentrations in a risk assessment context. The geometric mean (GM) for total As (TAs) was 33.82 /L. The order of occurrence and average concentrations of the different species was arsenobetaine (AsB) (100%, 15 g/L), dimethylarsinic (DMA) (97%, 8.32 g/L), monomethylarsonic (MMA) (26%, 0.27 g/L) and inorganic As (iAs) (4%, 0.14 g/L). 18% of children presented exposures to inorganic arsenic (7.52 g/g creatinine) higher than guidance value for non-cancer risk (8.3 g/g creatinine). For cancer risk the exposure to inorganic arsenic was much higher than the guidance value. Urinary DMA was positively associated with urinary AsB, suggesting exposure directly to this specie or metabolism of organic arsenicals to this specie, mainly through seafood consumption. Consequently, the exposure to inorganic As needs to be carefully interpreted because it may be overestimated. Our study supports the hypothesis that urinary iAs + MMA is the most reliable biomarker of exposure to inorganic As.", "Arsenic is the most ubiquitous environmental toxin and carcinogen. Long-term exposure to arsenic is associated with human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Human As(III) S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) methyltransferases (hAS3MT) methylates As(III) to trivalent mono- and dimethyl species that are more toxic and potentially more carcinogenic than inorganic arsenic. Modulators of hAS3MT activity may be useful for the prevention or treatment of arsenic-related diseases. Using a newly developed high-throughput assay for hAS3MT activity, we identified 10 novel noncompetitive small molecule inhibitors. In silico docking analysis with the crystal structure of an AS3MT orthologue suggests that the inhibitors bind in a cleft between domains that is distant from either the As(III) or SAM binding sites. This suggests the presence of a possible allosteric and regulatory site in the enzyme. These inhibitors may be useful tools for future research in arsenic metabolism and are the starting-point for the development of drugs against hAS3MT." ]

[ "a \"\"local budget system\"\" was introduced in 1973. Under this system, provincial authorities are responsible for the operating costs of institutions and enterprises not under direct central government control, such as schools, hospitals, shops, and local consumer goods production. In return, they are expected to organize as many profitable ventures as possible and to turn over profits to the central government. Around December of every year, the state budget for the following calendar year is drafted, subject to revision around March. Typically, total revenue exceeds expenditure by a small margin, with the surplus carried over to the following year. The" ]

[ "North Korean railway was in poor condition. The Korean State Railway is the operating arm of the North Korean Ministry of Railways. It is divided into five Regional Bureaus: P'yŏngyang, Kaech'ŏn, Hamhŭng, Ch'ŏngjin, and Sariwŏn. Also subordinate to the Railway Ministry are five major industrial concerns: the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works in P'yŏngyang, the 4 June Rolling Stock Works in Wŏnsan, the Ch'ŏngjin Railway Factory, the 7.6 Vehicle Parts Factory and the Pyongyang Rolling Stock Repair Works. Of these, the Kim Chong-t'ae Works and the 4 June Works are by far the most important. There are four research institutes", "with irrigation and flood control networks. Rice yields are 5.3 tonnes per hectare, close to international norms. In 2005, North Korea was ranked by the FAO as an estimated 10th in the production of fresh fruit and as an estimated 19th in the production of apples. Farming is concentrated in the flatlands of the four west coast provinces, where a longer growing season, level land, adequate rainfall, and good irrigated soil permit the most intensive cultivation of crops. A narrow strip of similarly fertile land runs through the eastern seaboard Hamgyŏng provinces and Kangwŏn Province, but the interior provinces of" ]

[ " Dutch language Dutch (   ) is a West Germanic language that is spoken by around 24 million people as a first language—including the population of the Netherlands and about sixty percent that of Belgium—and by another 5 million as a second language. It is the third most widely spoken Germanic language, after English and German.", " Ems-Oriental Ems-Oriental (Dutch: \"Ooster-Eems\" ; German: \"Ost-Ems\" ) was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Germany. It was named after the river Ems. It was formed in 1810, when the Kingdom of Holland was annexed by France. Its territory is part of the present-day German region of East Frisia in Lower Saxony. Its capital was Aurich. The department was subdivided into the following arrondissements and cantons (situation in 1812):" ]

[ " Finnic languages The Finnic (Fennic) or Baltic Finnic (Balto-Finnic, Balto-Fennic) languages are a branch of the Uralic language family spoken around the Baltic Sea, mainly in Finland and Estonia, by about 7 million people.", " Romanian language Romanian (obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; autonym: \"limba română\" ] , \"the Romanian language\", or \"românește\", lit. \"in Romanian\") is a Romance language spoken by around 24-26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language. It has official status in Romania and the Republic of Moldova. It is one of the official languages of the European Union." ]

[ "Priests are required to wear specific vestments for the celebration of Mass. The black robe common to all priests, called a cassock or a soutaine is the religious version of a suit jacket for a man, and the priest's normal day time outfit in a Catholic country." ]

[ "From The Catholic Herald: In an effort to help permanent deacons in the Diocese of Madison become more easily identified as they minister, Bishop Robert C. Morlino has given permission that all permanent deacons in the diocese will be permitted to wear a grey clerical shirt and white collar when actively engaged in diaconal ministry.", "This is the standard dress for lay preachers (readers) wiin the church. Occasionally, and sometimes at a communion service, the priest wears a white robe like a cassock, but tied in the middle with rope. The robe is called an alb (from the Latin albus - 'white') and the rope is called a girdle." ]

[ "Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly in which the major abdominal organs are located as a mirror image of their normal positions. This poses much difficulty for surgeons. We describe how we performed the liver-hanging maneuver (LHM) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a 59-year-old man with situs inversus totalis, to resolve the difficulty of the mirror-image location of his liver. The HCC was located in the right lateral sector. Although segmentectomy of segment 7 would normally be considered minimal for a curative treatment of HCC, this was relatively complicated in this patient. Thus, we performed an extended right lateral sectionectomy using the LHM to achieve a simple transection. The hepatic hilum was dissected using the Glissonean pedicle transection method. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were 6 h 45 min and 471 ml, respectively. No blood product transfusion was required. The LHM and the hilar Glissonean pedicle approach proved effective for resolving the difficulties of performing surgery in a mirror image for HCC in a patient with situs inversus totalis." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE To assess the usefulness of C-arm cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) combined with ultrasound for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by radiofrequency ablation (RFA). METHODS Patients underwent RFA following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or RFA alone under ultrasound or CBCT guidance combined with ultrasound-based techniques. They were divided into 2 groups based on the use (C group) and nonuse (NC group) of CBCT guidance. The technical success of RFA and local tumor progression after the first RFA session were evaluated by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging methods. Between-group differences were assessed retrospectively. RESULTS We enrolled 198 patients with 260 HCC nodules. The complete ablation rates were 63.0 and 89.4% in the NC and C groups, respectively. In log-rank testing, local tumor progression occurred significantly more often in the NC group when RFA was used without TACE, in males when des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin was ≥29 mAU/mL, and when the diameter of a nodule was ≥18 mm. On Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis, the NC group, RFA alone without TACE, and male gender were significant independent variables. CONCLUSION TACE followed by RFA under CBCT and ultrasound guidance improves the reliability of ablation of target HCC nodules, reduces the need for additional treatment sessions, and prevents local tumor progression.", "PURPOSE To assess radiofrequency (RF) ablation efficacy, as well as the patency of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPSs), in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective database review of patients with pre-existing TIPS undergoing RF ablation of HCC was conducted over a 159-month period ending in November 2013. TIPS patency pre- and post-RF ablation was assessed by ultrasound, angiography, and/or contrast-enhanced CT or MRI. Patient demographics and immediate post-RF ablation outcomes and complications were also reviewed. RESULTS 19 patients with 21 lesions undergoing 25 RF ablation sessions were included. Child-Pugh class A, B, and C scores were seen in 1, 13, and 5 patients, respectively. Eleven patients (58 %) ultimately underwent liver transplantation. Immediate technical success was seen in all ablation sessions without residual tumor enhancement (100 %). No patients (0 %) suffered liver failure within 1 month of ablation. Pre-ablation TIPS patency was demonstrated in 22/25 sessions (88 %). Of 22 cases with patent TIPS prior to ablation, post-ablation patency was demonstrated in 22/22 (100 %) at immediate post-ablation imaging and in 21/22 (95 %) at last follow-up (1 patient was incidentally noted to have occlusion 31 months later). No immediate complications were observed. CONCLUSION Ablation efficacy was similar to the cited literature values for patients without TIPS. Furthermore, TIPS patency was preserved in the majority of cases. Patients with both portal hypertension and HCC are not uncommonly encountered, and a pre-existing TIPS does not appear to be a definite contraindication for RF ablation." ]

[ "In this paper, we extend our previous work on the Enhanced Fuzzy Min-Max (EFMM) neural network by introducing a new hyperbox selection rule and a pruning strategy to reduce network complexity and improve classification performance. Specifically, a new k-nearest hyperbox expansion rule (for selection of a new winning hyperbox) is first introduced to reduce the network complexity by avoiding the creation of too many small hyperboxes within the vicinity of the winning hyperbox. A pruning strategy is then deployed to further reduce the network complexity in the presence of noisy data. The effectiveness of the proposed network is evaluated using a number of benchmark data sets. The results compare favorably with those from other related models. The findings indicate that the newly introduced hyperbox winner selection rule coupled with the pruning strategy are useful for undertaking pattern classification problems." ]

[ "Self-replicating biomolecules, subject to experimental evolution, exhibit hyper mutation rates where the genotypes of most offspring have at least a one point mutation. Thus, we formulated the evolutionary dynamics of an asexual self-replicator population with a finite population size and hyper mutation rate, based on the probability density of fitnesses (fitness distribution) for the evolving population. As a case study, we used a Kauffman's \"NK fitness landscape\". We deduced recurrence relations for the first three cumulants of the fitness distribution and compared them with the results of computer simulations. We found that the evolutionary dynamics is classified in terms of two modes of selection: the \"radical mode\" and the \"gentle mode\". In the radical mode, only a small number of genotypes with the highest or near highest fitness values can leave offspring. In the gentle mode, genotypes with moderate fitness values can leave offspring. We clarified how the evolutionary equilibrium and climbing rate depend on given parameters such as gradient and ruggedness of the landscape, mutation rate and population size, in terms of the two modes of selection. Roughly, the radical mode conducts the fast climbing but attains to the stationary states with low fitness, while the gentle mode conducts the slow climbing but attains to the stationary states with high fitness.", "OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate how to improve predictions from Gaussian Process models by optimising the model hyperparameters.METHODS: Optimisation methods, including Grid Search, Conjugate Gradient, Random Search, Evolutionary Algorithm and Hyper-prior, were evaluated and applied to previously published data. Data sets were also altered in a structured manner to reduce their size, which retained the range, or 'chemical space' of the key descriptors to assess the effect of the data range on model quality.KEY FINDINGS: The Hyper-prior Smoothbox kernel results in the best models for the majority of data sets, and they exhibited significantly better performance than benchmark quantitative structure-permeability relationship (QSPR) models. When the data sets were systematically reduced in size, the different optimisation methods generally retained their statistical quality, whereas benchmark QSPR models performed poorly.CONCLUSIONS: The design of the data set, and possibly also the approach to validation of the model, is critical in the development of improved models. The size of the data set, if carefully controlled, was not generally a significant factor for these models and that models of excellent statistical quality could be produced from substantially smaller data sets." ]

[ "UNLABELLED: People with Anorexia Nervosa are often resistant to treatment and can be detained under the Mental Health Act. Detention can be distressing for some client groups; however, there is little research to explore how people with Anorexia Nervosa experience detention and how these experiences impact on recovery. This study utilized a qualitative methodology to develop a model for understanding how people perceive, experience and process detention under the Mental Health Act. Data from 12 participants was analysed using constructivist grounded theory. Four overarching categories conceptualize their experience over time: 'the battle', 'the bubble', 'stepping out of the bubble' and 'the anorexic self'. Within each overarching category are further subordinate categories that represent the nuances of the data. The resultant model is discussed in relation to the literature, whilst recommendations have been made to embed person-centred, recovery practice into inpatient services. Copyright 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: People detained under the mental health act with anorexia nervosa often respond by engaging in a battle with clinicians. This follows by the person withdrawing into a 'bubble' where the individual starts to feel some relief that they are no longer in control of their eating, but this competes with the lack of self and the emerging anorexic self. Clinicians need to be aware that individuals detained may have mixed feelings about their hospital admission." ]

[ "Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disorder characterized by high levels of cognitive control and behavioral perseveration. The present study aims at exploring inhibitory control abilities and their functional connectivity correlates in patients with AN. Inhibitory control - an executive function that allows the realization of adaptive behavior according to environmental contingencies - has been assessed by means of the Stop-Signal paradigm. The study involved 155 patients with lifetime AN and 102 healthy women. A subsample underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and was genotyped for COMT and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. AN patients showed an impaired response inhibition and a disruption of the functional connectivity of the ventral attention circuit, a neural network implicated in behavioral response when a stimulus occurs unexpected. The 5-HTTLPR genotype appears to significantly interact with the functional connectivity of ventral attention network in explaining task performance in both patients and controls, suggesting a role of the serotoninergic system in mechanisms of response selection. The disruption of the ventral attention network in patients with AN suggests lower efficiency of bottom-up signal filtering, which might be involved in difficulties to adapt behavioral responses to environmental needs. Our findings deserve further research to confirm their scientific and therapeutic implications.", "Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex condition that is often accompanied by several serious comorbidities that may require a variety of treatment modalities throughout the course of the illness. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which is common in patients with AN, may occasionally cause serious interruptions to the daily functioning of the patient. We report on a 24-year-old male patient with chronic AN. During the beginning of his illness, he had a major depressive episode that was followed by AN onset. Throughout his illness, he also experienced chronic moderate depressive symptoms and later developed severe OCD. He experienced complete remission from the OCD and an improved mood after undergoing a course of bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). His OCD symptoms did not recur during the first year of follow-up. ECT may prove to be a fast and effective treatment strategy for severe and disabling acute-onset OCD that occurs during the course of comorbid AN. The case described herein shows how a comorbid psychiatric disorder in a patient suffering from chronic AN may disrupt the daily functioning of the patient if it is not urgently treated." ]

[ "Falls are the most frequent adverse event reported in hospitals, usually affecting older patients. All hospitals in NHS organisations develop risk prevention policies that include falls risk assessment. Falls risk assessment involves the use of risk screening tools, aimed at identifying patients at increased risk of falls, and risk assessment tools, which identify a patient's risk factors for falls. Various risk screening tools have been used in clinical practice, but no single tool is able to identify all patients at risk of falls or to accurately exclude all those who are not at risk of falls. Guidelines recommend that patients aged 65 years and over who are admitted to hospital should be considered at high risk of falls and that a multifactorial falls risk assessment should be performed. Therefore, falls risk assessment tools should be used to identify the risk factors for each inpatient aged 65 years or over, in order to determine the most appropriate care plan for falls prevention and to maximise patient mobility and independence." ]

[ "Falls are a major problem for older adults. A continuous gait monitoring that provides fall risk assessment would allow timely interventions aiming for preventing falls. The objective of this work was to find out whether gait variables calculated from the acceleration signal measured during walk task in the baseline assessment can predict changes in commonly used fall risk assessment scales after 12 months follow-up. Forty two subjects were measured during walk test with a triaxial acceleration sensor worn on a waist belt at the lower back near the centre of mass. The fall risk was assessed using a test protocol, which included several assessment methods. Gait analysis was able to predict a decline in ABC, BBS and GDS total scores and slower time in STS-5 after twelve-months follow-up. A subsequent study is needed to confirm the model's suitability for data recorded in everyday lives.", "Falls pose a significant risk for community-dwelling older adults. Fall-related injuries increase healthcare costs related to hospitalization, diagnostic procedures, and/or surgeries. This article describes a quality improvement project to reduce falls in older adults receiving home healthcare services. The fall prevention program incorporated best practices for fall reduction, including fall risk assessment, medication review/management, home hazard and safety assessment, staff and patient fall prevention education, and an individualized home-based exercise program. The program was implemented and evaluated during a 6-month time frame. Fewer falls occurred post implementation of the falls prevention program with no major injuries." ]

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[ "Baldwin City, Kansas \"Baldwin City, Kansas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Baldwin City, Kansas City Downtown Baldwin City (2008)Location within Douglas County and Kansas KDOT map of Douglas County ( legend)Coordinates: 38°46′39″N 95°11′15″WCoordinates: 38°46′39″N 95°11′15″WCountry United States State Kansas County Douglas Government• Type Mayor–Council Area [1]• Total 2.64 sq mi (6.84 km 2)• Land 2.62 sq mi (6.79 km 2)• Water 0.02 sq mi (0.05 km 2)Elevation 1,037 ft (316 m)Population ( 2010) [2]• Total 4,515• Estimate (2016) [3] 4,677• Density 1,700/sq mi (660/km 2)Time zone Central (CST) ( UTC-6)• Summer ( DST) CDT ( UTC-5)ZIP code 66006Area code (s) 785FIPS code 20-03900GNIS feature ID 0479524 [4]Website Baldwin City.org Aerial View of Baldwin City Baldwin City is a city in Douglas County, Kansas, United States about 12 miles (19 km) south of Lawrence and 15 miles (24 km) west of Gardner. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 4,515. [5] The city is home to Baker University, the state's oldest four-year university. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Early history1.2 Midland Railway1.3 Maple Leaf Festival2 Geography2.1 Climate3 Demographics3.1 2010 census3.2 2000 census4 Government5 Education5.1 Primary and secondary education5.2 College6 Notable people7 Gallery8 See also9 References10 Further reading11 External links History [ edit]The Old Castle Museum, the first building constructed for Baker University. To the right is a replica of Kibbee Cabin. Early history [ edit]Baldwin City began as a trail stop on the Santa Fe Trail named Palmyra. The small town consisted of a harness shop, blacksmith, hotel, lawyer, drug store, two doctors and a tavern. In 1858, a group of Methodist ministers gathered at Kibbee Cabin and founded Baker University. Palmyra bought land to the south for the university and surrounding city. The first post office was established in June, 1857. [6]A main benefactor of the community was John Baldwin and the town was named in his honor. [7] Baldwin built a saw mill which was at present-day Fifth and Indiana Streets. Baldwin City was incorporated on September 22, 1870. Baldwin City unwittingly found themselves surrounded by the events that led up to the American Civil War. Three miles east of Baldwin was the town site of Black Jack where the Battle of Black Jack took place on June 2, 1856. The night before that battle, John Brown stayed in Prairie City. In 1863, Quantrill's raiders passed within three miles (5 km) of Baldwin after the burning of Lawrence. Midland Railway [ edit]In 1867, the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Fort Gibson Railroad laid tracks and became the first Kansas railroad south of the Kansas River. In 1906, the Santa Fe Depot was built and today the Midland Railway offers over 20-mile round trip excursion rides to Ottawa via \"\"Nowhere\"\" and Norwood. Midland's Scout program is one of the few in the country to offer a railroading merit badge and Midland has hosted a Thomas the Tank Engine attraction the last few years. [8]Maple Leaf Festival [ edit]Every year since 1957, Baldwin City has hosted the Maple Leaf Festival during the third full weekend in October. It began as a way to celebrate a successful harvest and to view the fall foliage. Today, it is the largest fall family event in the area and features a parade, arts and crafts, quilt show, theatrical performances, history tours, train rides and live music. Annually it draws crowds of 30,000 or more. Geography [ edit]Baldwin City is located at 38°46′39″N 95°11′15″W (38.777597, -95.187418). [9] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 2.64 square miles (6.84 km 2 ), of which 2.62 square miles (6.79 km 2) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km 2) is water. [1]Climate [ edit]The area's climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Baldwin City has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated \"\"Cfa\"\" on climate maps. [10]Demographics [ edit]Historical population Census Pop. %±1880 325 —1890 935 187.7%1900 1,017 8.8%1910 1,386 36.3%1920 1,137 −18.0%1930 1,127 −0.9%1940 1,096 −2.8%1950 1,741 58.9%1960 1,877 7.8%1970 2,520 34.3%1980 2,829 12.3%1990 2,961 4.7%2000 3,400 14.8%2010 4,515 32.8%Est. 2016 4,677 [3] 3.6%U. S. Decennial Census [11]Baldwin City is part of the Lawrence Metropolitan Statistical Area.2010 census [ edit]As of the census [2] of 2010, there were 4,515 people, 1,501 households, and 1,011 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,723.3 inhabitants per square mile (665.4/km 2 ). There were 1,665 housing units at an average density of 635.5 per square mile (245.4/km 2 ). The racial makeup of the city was 93.4% White, 2.1% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population. There were 1,501 households of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.6% were non-families. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.08. The median age in the city was 30.2 years. 24.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 20.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.9% were from 25 to 44; 20.1% were from 45 to 64; and 11.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.5% male and 51.5% female.2000 census [ edit]As of the census of 2000, there were 3,400 people, 1,077 households, and 774 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,565.1 people per square mile (605.0/km²). There were 1,165 housing units at an average density of 536.3 per square mile (207.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 93.62% White, 1.12% African American, 0.74% Native American, 0.62% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.38% from other races, and 3.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.62% of the population. There were 1,077 households out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.10. In the city, the population was spread out with 25.3% under the age of 18, 21.8% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $43,269, and the median income for a family was $51,667. Males had a median income of $37,111 versus $25,850 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,698. About 5.6% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over. Government [ edit]The Baldwin City government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets the first and third Mondays of each month at 7:00pm. [12]City Hall, 803 Eighth Street. Education [ edit]Primary and secondary education [ edit]The USD 348 School District in Baldwin City and serves most of southern Douglas County. It maintains four schools in Baldwin City (Baldwin Elementary, Baldwin Intermediate, Baldwin Junior High and Baldwin High School ). On December 13, 2010, the USD 348 Board of Education voted to close the schools in Vinland and Worden at the end of the 2010-2011 school year. [13]Baldwin High School is home to the Bulldogs. College [ edit]Baldwin City is home to the main campus of Baker University, a liberal arts university founded in 1858 by United Methodist ministers. It is the oldest four-year university in Kansas and has been coed since it was founded. Notable people [ edit]See also: List of Baker University notable people Gallery [ edit]To the right of the sign are remnants of wagon ruts left from the Santa Fe Trail in the Ivan Boyd Prairie Preserve near Baldwin City. Also was the site of Black Jack. The Santa Fe Depot for the Midland Railway in west Baldwin City. See also [ edit]Kansas portal Santa Fe Trail References [ edit]^ a b \"\"US Gazetteer files 2010\"\". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-01-24. Retrieved 2012-07-06.^ a b \"\"American Fact Finder\"\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-07-06.^ a b \"\"Population and Housing Unit Estimates\"\". Retrieved June 9, 2017.^ \"\"US Board on Geographic Names\"\". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ \"\"2010 City Population and Housing Occupancy Status\"\". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved April 6, 2011.^ \"\"Kansas Post Offices, 1828-1961 (archived)\"\". Kansas Historical Society. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2014.^ Kansas State Historical Society (1916). Biennial Report of the Board of Directors of the Kansas State Historical Society. Kansas State Printing Plant. p. 181.^ https://www.midlandrailway.org/. Missing or empty |title= ( help)^ \"\"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990\"\". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.^ Climate Summary for Baldwin City, Kansas^ United States Census Bureau. \"\"Census of Population and Housing\"\". Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2014.^ Baldwin City - Directory of Public Officials Archived 2011-05-05 at the Wayback Machine.^ http://signal.baldwincity.com/news/2010/dec/13/school-board-closes-rural-elementary-schools-5-2-v/Further reading [ edit]A Self-Guided Tour of Baldwin City's Historic Sites on the Santa Fe Trail by Loren K. Litteer The Leavenworth, Lawrence & Ft. Gibson Railroad by Loren K. Litteer The Story of the Marking of the Santa Fe Trail by the Daughters of the American Revolution in Kansas and the State of Kansas; Almira Cordry; Crane Co; 164 pages; 1915. (Online e Book)History of the State of Kansas; William G. Cutler; A. T. Andreas Publisher; 1883. (Online HTML e Book)Kansas : A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc. ; 3 Volumes; Frank W. Blackmar; Standard Publishing Co; 944 / 955 / 824 pages; 1912. (Volume1 - Download 54MB PDF e Book), (Volume2 - Download 53MB PDF e Book), (Volume3 - Download 33MB PDF e Book)External links [ edit]Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Baldwin City. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baldwin City, Kansas. City City website Baldwin City - Directory of Public Officials Schools USD 348, local school district Historical Baldwin City history Santa Fe Trail Research Maps Baldwin City Map, KDOTLocal Media Baldwin City Radio Baldwin City Gazette [ hide]v t e Municipalities and communities of Douglas County, Kansas, United States County seat: Lawrence Cities Baldwin City Eudora Lawrence Lecompton Unincorporated communities Big Springs Black Jack Clearfield Clinton Globe Grover Hesper Kanwaka Lake View Lone Star Midland Pleasant Grove Sibleyville Stull Vinland Weaver Worden Ghost towns Belvoir Franklin Lapeer Louisiana Media Prairie City Twin Mound Townships Clinton Eudora Grant Kanwaka Lecompton Marion Palmyra Wakarusa Willow Springs Categories: Cities in Kansas Cities in Douglas County, Kansas Santa Fe Trail University towns in the United States \"" ]

[ "Reliable measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is crucial in pediatric patients with suspected glaucoma. General anesthesia (GA) is usually needed in infants to allow a thorough examination. However, anesthesia itself may influence IOP, depending on the type used and the depth of sedation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal distribution of IOP during GA in healthy children and to analyze differences in IOP relative to the anesthetics used and the measurement time point. Approval for this observational study was received from the local institutional review boards and written informed consent was obtained from the children's parents. A total of 100 pediatric patients with no history of glaucoma scheduled for nonintraocular surgery underwent general anesthesia, induced with sevoflurane (s) or propofol (p) and maintained with either sevoflurane with remifentanil (S) or propofol with remifentanil (P). The patients were grouped to one of four subgroups (sS, sP, pP, pS) depending on the anesthetics used during induction and maintenance. Hemodynamic parameters and IOP were measured in both eyes at four defined time points: before anesthesia induction (M1); in apnea immediately after induction and before insertion of a laryngeal mask airway (M2); in deep anesthesia during mechanical ventilation (M3); and after extubation (M4), using a handheld Perkins applanation tonometer. Differences in IOP in both eyes during the measurement periods were analyzed using multivariate repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey-HSD as a posthoc test with statistical significance set at P<0.05. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate further relationships between heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and IOP" ]

[ "Objective: To assess the postoperative complications in systemically healthy children treated for dental caries under general anesthesia (GA) after discharge and analysis of the correlative factors. Methods: This prospective observational study included 124 children aged 2-8 years old who received extensive dental treatment under GA. General conditions and treatment information were obtained from questionnaires filled by the dentist and the anesthesiologist. Postoperative data were collected from a questionnaire filled by the parents in one week. Pain was assessed by using the dental discomfort questionnaire-8 (DDQ-8) pain assessment scale. Results: The mean anesthesia time for GA procedures was 102.6 min and the mean number of treated teeth was 13.5. Approximately 66.9% (83/124) of the children had one or more postoperative complaints on the first day after the treatments. The most common complaints reported were cough, hoarseness, and dental pain followed by throat discomfort, problems in eating, swelling, weakness, sleepiness, vomiting, fever and nausea. By the seventh day after the treatment, the main complications remained were dental pain and cough, while most of other symptoms disappeared. Preoperative DDQ-8 score and the number of extracted teeth were the factors that showed a significant association with postoperative dental pain on the first day. Conclusions: Dental pain and pharynx discomfort were most frequently noted postoperative symptoms. Postoperative dental discomfort on the first day might be predicted by dental pain before GA and tooth extraction under GA.", "The performance of a primary posterior capsulorhexis (PPC) with and without posterior optic buttonholing (POBH) may significantly influence the intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery in age-related cataract patients. The prospective randomized clinical study was performed at the department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Thirty consecutive cataract patients with bilateral same-day cataract surgery (60 eyes) under topical anesthesia were enrolled. In randomized order, cataract surgery with combined PPC/POBH was performed in one eye; in the other eye, cataract surgery was performed with PPC and in-the-bag implantation of the intraocular lens (IOL). Standardized IOP measurements by Goldmann applanation tonometry were performed preoperatively, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours postoperatively, as well as 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. During the first 24 hours after surgery, all IOP measurements were significantly lower in eyes with combined PPC/POBH when compared to eyes with solitary PPC (p < 0.001). No IOP peaks of more than 27 mmHg were observed with combined PPC/POBH. In contrast, in eyes with PPC and in-the-bag IOL implantation, seven patients had an IOP peak of more than 27 mmHg and four IOP peaks of more than 30 mmHg. One week and 1 month postoperatively, IOP measurements were statistically comparable, and no significant differences could be observed between the two groups (p > 0.05)" ]

[ "To illustrate the effects of different methods for handling missing data--complete case analysis, missing-indicator method, single imputation of unconditional and conditional mean, and multiple imputation (MI)--in the context of multivariable diagnostic research aiming to identify potential predictors (test results) that independently contribute to the prediction of disease presence or absence. We used data from 398 subjects from a prospective study on the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Various diagnostic predictors or tests had (varying percentages of) missing values. Per method of handling these missing values, we fitted a diagnostic prediction model using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve area for all diagnostic models was above 0.75. The predictors in the final models based on the complete case analysis, and after using the missing-indicator method, were very different compared to the other models. The models based on MI did not differ much from the models derived after using single conditional and unconditional mean imputation" ]

[ "Missing data is a commonly encountered problem in longitudinal research. Methodological articles provide advice on ways to handle missing data at the analysis stage, however, there is less guidance for researchers who wish to use supplemental samples (i.e., the addition of new participants to the original sample after missing data appear at the second or later measurement occasions) to handle attrition. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of using supplemental samples when analyzing longitudinal data that are non-normally distributed. We distinguish between two supplemental approaches: a refreshment approach where researchers select additional participants using the same criteria as the initial participants (i.e., random selection from the population of interest) and a replacement approach where researchers identify auxiliary variables that explain missingness and select new participants based on those attributes. Overall, simulation results suggest that the addition of refreshment samples, but not replacement samples, is an effective way to respond to attrition in longitudinal research. Indeed, use of refreshment samples may reduce bias of parameter estimates and increase efficiency and statistical power, whereas use of replacement samples results in biased parameter estimates. Our findings may be utilized by researchers considering using supplemental samples and provide guidance for selecting an appropriate supplemental sample approach.", "As sequencing and genotyping technologies evolve, crop genetics researchers accumulate increasing numbers of genomic data sets from various genotyping platforms on different germplasm panels. Imputation is an effective approach to increase marker density of existing data sets toward the goal of integrating resources for downstream applications. While a number of imputation software packages are available, the limitations to utilization for the rice community include high computational demand and lack of a reference panel. To address these challenges, we develop the Rice Imputation Server, a publicly available web application leveraging genetic information from a globally diverse rice reference panel assembled here. This resource allows researchers to benefit from increased marker density without needing to perform imputation on their own machines. We demonstrate improvements that imputed data provide to rice genome-wide association (GWA) results of grain amylose content and show that the major functional nucleotide polymorphism is tagged only in the imputed data set." ]

[ "Cell (biology) The cell (from Latin \"\"cella\"\", meaning \"\"small room\"\") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are often called the \"\"building blocks of life\"\". The study of cells is called cell biology. Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell; including bacteria) or multicellular (including plants and animals). While the number of cells in plants and animals varies from species to species, humans" ]

[ "To live in most ecosystems, then, organisms must be able to survive a range of conditions, called the \"\"range of tolerance.\"\" Outside that are the \"\"zones of physiological stress,\"\" where the survival and reproduction are possible but not optimal. Beyond these zones are the \"\"zones of intolerance,\"\" where survival and reproduction of that organism is unlikely or impossible. Organisms that have a wide range of tolerance are more widely distributed than organisms with a narrow range of tolerance. To survive, selected microorganisms can assume forms that enable them to withstand freezing, complete desiccation, starvation, high levels of radiation exposure, and", "tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon). DNA stores biological information. The DNA backbone is resistant to cleavage, and both strands of the double-stranded structure store the same biological information. Biological information is replicated as the two strands are separated. A significant portion of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences. The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar" ]

[ "Despite the obvious advantages of the preservation of a normal aortic valve during aortic root replacement, the complexity of valve sparing procedures prevents a number of cardiac surgeons from incorporating them into their practice. The aim of this protocol is to describe a simplified and user-friendly technique of an aortic valve-sparing root replacement (VSRR) procedure by re-implantation of the aortic valve. Proper selection of patients and limitations of the technique are discussed. In 54 consecutive patients, normal appearing aortic valves were re-implanted in a commercially available polyester prosthesis with pre-shaped sinuses by a simplified and standardized technique. Placement of the first row of the proximal suture line, choice of the prosthesis size, and adjustment of the height of the commissures of the patient to the fixed height of the sinus portion of the prosthesis were slightly modified from the reference techniques with the aim of increasing its feasibility for use by other cardiac surgeons. Early mortality and morbidity as well as 5-year survival, freedom from aortic valve reoperation, and freedom from recurrent moderate regurgitation were collected in all patients. Thirty-day mortality, re-sternotomy for bleeding, re-sternotomy for mediastinitis, and the incidence of stroke were very low, 1.8% for each (1 of 54). No patient required permanent pace-maker implantation. At 5 years, survival, freedom from aortic valve reoperation, and freedom from recurrent moderate regurgitation were 97.5%, 95.2%, and 91.6%, respectively. Mid-term results of our standardized technique of re-implantation of the aortic valve for valve-sparing aortic root replacement are very good and compare with more complex techniques reported by experienced surgeons. By following the present protocol of the standardized re-implantation technique, a greater number of cardiac surgeons can perform this procedure with comparable good results." ]

[ "INTRODUCTION: Due to late complications associated with the use of conventional prosthetic heart valves, several centers have advocated aortic valve repair and/or valve sparing aortic root replacement for patients with aortic valve insufficiency, in order to enhance late survival and minimize adverse postoperative events.METHODS: From March/2012 thru March 2015, 37 patients consecutively underwent conservative operations of the aortic valve and/or aortic root. Mean age was 4816 years and 81% were males. The aortic valve was bicuspid in 54% and tricuspid in the remaining. All were operated with the aid of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Surgical techniques consisted of replacing the aortic root with a Dacron graft whenever it was dilated or aneurysmatic, using either the remodeling or the reimplantation technique, besides correcting leaflet prolapse when present. Patients were sequentially evaluated with clinical and echocardiographic studies and mean follow-up time was 165 months.RESULTS: Thirty-day mortality was 2.7%. In addition there were two late deaths, with late survival being 85% (CI 95% - 68%-95%) at two years. Two patients were reoperated due to primary structural valve failure. Freedom from reoperation or from primary structural valve failure was 90% (CI 95% - 66%-97%) and 91% (CI 95% - 69%-97%) at 2 years, respectively. During clinical follow-up up to 3 years, there were no cases of thromboembolism, hemorrhage or endocarditis.CONCLUSIONS: Although this represents an initial series, these data demonstrates that aortic valve repair and/or valve sparing aortic root surgery can be performed with satisfactory immediate and short-term results.", "OBJECTIVES: Technical variations of the David reimplantation valve-sparing aortic root replacement (V-SARR) procedure have been proposed to be advantageous in patients with connective tissue disease, such as the Marfan syndrome (MFS). We report results of a Marfan cohort treated exclusively with the non-modified David I procedure.METHODS: Forty-eight Marfan patients (25 males, mean age 33 12 years, range 15-62 years) underwent the original variant of the David V-SARR (David I) between 1997 and 2013. Forty-two operations (88%) were performed as elective procedures for aortic root aneurysms and six for acute dissections (12%). Seventeen had aortic regurgitation (AR) grades ?2+ preoperatively, and 3 had AR >2+. No patients with severe AR (4+) were selected for V-SARR. Three full or hemi-arch replacements were performed. Patients who were operated on using a variation of the David I or David II procedure were excluded.RESULTS: Mean prosthesis size was 28 3 mm (18-30 mm). Mean clinical and echocardiographic follow-up (98% complete) was 3.8 3.7 years with a cumulative follow-up of 178 patient-years. The early mortality rate was 2% (one hospital death). The survival rate was 98% (95% confidence 84-99%) at 4 years and 90% (57-98%) at 8 years with 5 patients at risk at 10 years. The rate of freedom from root or valve reoperation was 97% (79-99%) and 97% (79-99%) at 4 and 8 years, respectively. Only one patient required mechanical aortic valve replacement for progression of AR.CONCLUSIONS: Despite potential theoretical drawbacks of the David I V-SARR technique without neo-sinuses or a neo-sinotubular junction, it results in a favourable mid-term outcome in Marfan patients and compares well with reported results of different modifications of David V-SARR." ]

[ "In this study the bacterial biodiversity, during the maturation process of traditional sausages (Salame Mantovano), produced with two different kinds of casing (hog middle or \"Crespone\" and hog bung or \"Gentile\"), was investigated by means of culture-dependent and -independent methods. In order to assess the natural variability linked to the type of casing used in production, the ingredients, as well as ripening conditions, were identical in both productions. The aim of the study was to understand the contribution of casing microflora during sausage ripening by identifying the dominant species and strains. The bacterial ecology of casings and salami at different ripening stages, as determined by plating, revealed higher staphylococci and enterococci counts for Gentile casing and for the entire ripening period of the salami studied. After molecular identification of 219 Lactobacilli and 225 cocci gram positive catalase positive (GPCP) isolates, the species most frequently isolated were Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus curvatus, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Some L. sakei and S. saprophyticus strains, coming from casing, were also found in the salami at different times of ripening. A richer biodiversity was only detected at the beginning of maturation. We also report the first detection, by PCR-DGGE method, of Arcobacter marinus and Brochothrix thermosphacta species in casings and Kokuria salsicia in fresh sausage. Results suggesting that casing can be an important source of bacteria during natural fermentation when starter cultures are not used." ]

[ "This study involved ten enterprises producing Italian salami, 20 different samples of fermented sausages underwent challenge tests to assess and record the following parameters: time, temperature, pH, aw, and Salmonella counts. A linear regression model was used to describe the Salmonella spp. decay: at the end of the process the result of total Salmonella reduction was 0.97-5.84 Log10 CFU/g and it was significantly associated with pH at the end of acidification/drying process, aw at the end of seasoning period, the duration of seasoning, and the caliber of salami respectively. High Pressure Processing (HPP) further reduced the Salmonella level by 2.41-5.84 Log10 CFU/g with an efficacy that resulted inversely associated with aw of salami at the end of seasoning; the objective of 5-Log reduction was always reached in all the cases tested by the production process plus HPP. This model could be a useful tool for enterprises and Authorities to evaluate the efficacy of the processes to reduce Salmonella load for exportation to the U.S.", "Heat shock protein (HSP) 40 proteins are a family of molecular chaperones that bind to HSP70 through their J-domain and regulate the function of HSP70 by stimulating its adenosine triphosphatase activity. In the present study, a HSP40 homolog named PmHSP40 was cloned from the hemocytes of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii using EST and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques. The full-length cDNA of PmHSP40 was 1251 bp in length, which included a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 75 bp, an open reading frame (ORF) of a 663 bp, and a 3' UTR of 513 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence of PmHSP40 contains a J domain in the N-terminus. In response to thermal and low salinity stress challenges, the expression of PmHSP40 in hemocytes and the gill were inducible in a time-dependent manner. After bacterial challenge, PmHSP40 transcripts in hemocytes increased and peaked at 6h post injection. In the gill, PmHSP40 expression increased, similar to expression in hemocytes; however, transcript expression of PmHSP40 was significantly up-regulated at 12h post injection. Furthermore, the transcripts of PmHSP70 showed similar kinetics as that of PmHSP40, with highest induction during thermal, low salinity stress and bacterial challenges. Altogether these results demonstrate that PmHSP40 is an inducible protein under thermal, low salinity and bacterial challenges, suggesting its involvement in both environmental and biological stresses, and in the innate immunity of the pearl oyster." ]

[ "Osmium has only a few uses. It is used to produce very hard alloys for fountain pen tips, instrument pivots, needles and electrical contacts. It is also used in the chemical industry as a catalyst. Biological role.smium has only a few uses. It is used to produce very hard alloys for fountain pen tips, instrument pivots, needles and electrical contacts. It is also used in the chemical industry as a catalyst. Biological role." ]

[ "Most cadmium used in the US is a byproduct of the productions of metals such as zinc, lead, and copper. When cadmium enters the air, it binds to small particles. It falls to the ground or water as rain or snow, and may contaminate fish, plants, and animals.", "Due to its low permissible exposure limit, overexposures may occur even in situations where trace quantities of cadmium are found. Cadmium is used extensively in electroplating, although the nature of the operation does not generally lead to overexposures." ]

[ "Vaiden, Mississippi \"Vaiden, Mississippi From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Vaiden, Mississippi Town Location of Vaiden, Mississippi Coordinates: 33°19′54″N 89°44′49″WCoordinates: 33°19′54″N 89°44′49″WCountry United States State Mississippi County Carroll Area• Total 2.2 sq mi (5.6 km 2)• Land 2.2 sq mi (5.6 km 2)• Water 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km 2)Elevation 312 ft (95 m)Population ( 2010)• Total 734• Estimate (2016) [1] 980• Density 340/sq mi (130/km 2)Time zone Central (CST) ( UTC-6)• Summer ( DST) CDT ( UTC-5)ZIP code 39176Area code (s) 662FIPS code 28-75880GNIS feature ID 0679166Vaiden is a town in Carroll County, Mississippi, United States and its first county seat. The population was 734 at the 2010 census. [2] It is part of the Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Geography3 Demographics4 Education5 Notable people6 References7 External links History [ edit]Vaiden was founded about 1857 and named after Dr. Cowles Mead Vaiden (04/21/1812 - 02/06/1880), a local doctor, planter, and philanthropist. In the late 1850s, Dr. Vaiden gave the right-of-way through his land for construction of the last span of the Central Railroad, in order to connect the state capital, Jackson, Mississippi, with Memphis, Tennessee. Around the railroad's completion in 1857, the population that had settled at the former Choctaw Indian town of Shongalo was moved to the east, to allow for better access to the railroad. The new town was named in honor of Dr. Vaiden, and was made a regular stop on the railroad line. For that reason, it was designated as the county seat of Carroll County. Vaiden was incorporated on February 10, 1860. With additional development of population in the county, residents wanted to have access to a town closer to the Mississippi River. Carrollton, Mississippi was also designated as a county seat and is the site of the county courthouse. Geography [ edit]Vaiden is located in southeastern Carroll County at 33°19′54″N 89°44′49″W (33.331591, -89.747002). [3] U. S. Route 51 passes through the center of town, leading north 11 miles (18 km) to Winona and south 19 miles (31 km) to Durant. The town limits extend west to include the area around Exit 174 on Interstate 55, which leads north 31 miles (50 km) to Grenada and south 79 miles (127 km) to Jackson. According to the United States Census Bureau, Vaiden has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.6 km 2 ), all land. [2]Demographics [ edit]Historical population Census Pop. %±1880 526 —1890 533 1.3%1900 474 −11.1%1910 713 50.4%1920 579 −18.8%1930 648 11.9%1940 601 −7.3%1950 583 −3.0%1960 475 −18.5%1970 716 50.7%1980 924 29.1%1990 789 −14.6%2000 840 6.5%2010 734 −12.6%Est. 2016 980 [1] 33.5%U. S. Decennial Census [4]St. Clement's Episcopal Church, Vaiden, organized 1859As of the census [5] of 2000, there were 840 people, 326 households, and 202 families residing in the town. The population density was 383.8 people per square mile (148.1/km²). There were 365 housing units at an average density of 166.8 per square mile (64.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 28.45% White, 71.07% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.83% of the population. There were 326 households out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.0% were married couples living together, 26.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.0% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.97. In the town, the population was spread out with 24.0% under the age of 18, 13.9% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 108.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $15,000, and the median income for a family was $26,944. Males had a median income of $26,607 versus $15,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,158. About 26.2% of families and 32.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.9% of those under age 18 and 38.6% of those age 65 or over. Education [ edit]The town of Vaiden is served by the Carroll County School District. Notable people [ edit]Earl L. Brewer, governor of Mississippi from 1912 to 1916 [6]Walter Holman, former NFL player References [ edit]^ a b \"\"Population and Housing Unit Estimates\"\". Retrieved June 9, 2017.^ a b \"\"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Vaiden town, Mississippi\"\". U. S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved October 2, 2014.^ \"\"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990\"\". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.^ \"\"Census of Population and Housing\"\". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.^ \"\"American Fact Finder\"\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ Nancy Capace (2001). Encyclopedia of Mississippi. North American Book Dist LLC. pp. 127–. ISBN 978-0-403-09603-9. External links [ edit]History of Vaiden, Mississippi [ hide]v t e Municipalities and communities of Carroll County, Mississippi, United States County seats: Carrollton and Vaiden Towns Carrollton North Carrollton Vaiden Unincorporated communities Avalon Black Hawk Coila Mc Carley Teoc Valley Hill Categories: Towns in Carroll County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area \"" ]

[ "Jones County District Attorney Records Search Jones County District Attorney Records Search Home District Attorneys Mississippi Jones County See Jones County MS district attorneys and search free public district attorney records District attorneys, prosecuting attorneys and commonwealth attorneys are public officials who represent the state or federal government in legal matters. Tishomingo County District Attorney 415 North 5th Avenue Laurel MS 39440601-425-2556Pike County District Attorney 500 Courthouse Sq Columbia MS 3942946.0 miles from Jones County 601-731-1476Neshoba County District Attorney 100 Court Ave Mendenhall MS 3911447.5 miles from Jones County 601-847-1342Leake County District Attorney 500 Constitution Avenue Meridian MS 3930158.6 miles from Jones County 601-482-9757Warren County District Attorney 215 East Government Street Brandon MS 3904266.0 miles from Jones County 601-825-1472Winston County District Attorney 272 West Gallatin Street Hazlehurst MS 3908374.2 miles from Jones County 601-894-5040Washington Parish District Attorney 905 Pearl Street Franklinton LA 7043879.0 miles from Jones County 985-839-6711Jefferson Davis County District Attorney PO Box 603Philadelphia MS 3935080.1 miles from Jones County 601-656-1991District Attorney Office 114 Court Street Grove Hill AL 3645182.0 miles from Jones County 251-275-3144Choctaw County District Attorney PO Box 850Grove Hill AL 3645182.2 miles from Jones County 205-459-3764Washington County District Attorney PO Box 850Grove Hill AL 3645182.2 miles from Jones County 251-275-3144District Attorney 284 East Bay Street Magnolia MS 3965282.9 miles from Jones County 601-783-6677Carroll County District Attorney 1801 23rd Avenue Gulfport MS 3950186.1 miles from Jones County 228-467-6631Marengo County District Attorney PO Box 766Livingston AL 3547088.7 miles from Jones County 205-652-4119Sumter County District Attorney 115 Franklin St Livingston AL 3547088.7 miles from Jones County 205-652-2291Mobile County District Attorney PO Box 2841Mobile AL 3665291.0 miles from Jones County 251-574-8400Tunica County District Attorney 3104 Magnolia Street Pascagoula MS 3956793.7 miles from Jones County 228-769-3045St. Tammany Parish District Attorney 701 North Columbia Street Covington LA 7043395.8 miles from Jones County 985-809-8383Baldwin County District Attorney 101 Hand Avenue Bay Minette AL 3650796.7 miles from Jones County 251-937-0274Tangipahoa Parish District Atty 110 North Bay Street Amite City LA 70422100.0 miles from Jones County 985-748-3234Showing 1-20 of 200 District Attorneys. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10About District Attorneys A district attorney prosecutes cases on behalf of the public. District attorneys manage the prosecutor's office and play a central role in investigating charges, deciding whether to charge someone with a crime, offering plea bargains, and litigating appeals. They also advise parole boards on inmate requests for early release. District attorneys maintain records on current and former cases. Many of these records are available online and open to the public. This site can help you access the records you need from a district attorney." ]

[ "Most of the time, this defect occurs spontaneously. Genetic disorders, and teratogens (viruses, metabolic imbalance, and industrial or pharmacological agents) have been associated as possible causes. Up to 50% (varies in studies) of cases are associated with chromosome 22q 11 deletions. The neural crest, specifically a population known as the cardiac neural crest, directly contributes to the aorticopulmonary septum. \nMicroablation of the cardiac neural crest in developing chick embryos and genetic anomalies affecting this population of cells in rodents results in persistent truncus arteriosus. \nNumerous perturbations affecting the cardiac neural crest have been associated with persistent truncus arteriosus, some of which include growth factors (fibroblast growth factor 8 and bone morphogenetic protein), transcription factors (T-box, Pax, Nkx2-5, GATA-6, and Forkhead), and gap junction proteins (Connexin). The cardiac neural crest also contributes the smooth muscle of the great arteries." ]

[ "Raynaud's phenomenon can be associated with other conditions. This is called secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Most people with the condition are over age 30.\nCommon causes are:\nDiseases of the arteries, such as atherosclerosis and Buerger's disease, which is associated with smoking Drugs that cause narrowing of arteries, such as amphetamines, certain types of beta-blockers, some cancer drugs, ergot compounds, and methysergide Arthritis and autoimmune conditions, such as scleroderma, Sjogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, andsystemic lupus erythematosus Repeated injury, particularly from vibrations such as those caused by typing or playing the piano Smoking Frostbite Thoracic outlet syndrome", "Vasoconstriction is a phenomenon that can be caused by many factors, from mechanical events (such as stretching) to hormones (epinephrin, neurepinephrin, angiotensin ...). But no matter what is the cause, the end-result is an increase in intracellular calcium concentration in smooth muscle cells (which compose the arteries and veins). So it seems that constriction does not happen in specific points but rather all along the limb. Furthermore angiotensin receptors are found in high concentration in smooth muscle cells [1], suggesting that every such cell has the ability to change it's morphology in order to induce vasoconstriction.\n\nAs for your second point, I think the response is as much endocrinological as neurological, since it involves both peripheral and central regulations. (Well, as a side note, endocrine systems rarely have no interaction with central ones).\n\nAngiotensin receptors : distribution,\nsignalling and function" ]

[ "The simple requirements for federal election voting eligibility include being over eighteen (18) years of age and a U.S. citizen, by either birth or the naturalization process. Plus, people who are in prison are typically not permitted to vote." ]

[ "In broad terms, there are two groups of people who are eligible for Medicare: 1 People age 65 or older who are citizens or permanent residents of the United States. 2 People under 65 years old with qualifying medical conditions.", "Announcement Number: 15-12 (page 2 of 3) Minimum Eligibility Criteria. Applicants must not be candidates for an elective office, hold a civil office (full-time or part-time), or be engaged in partisan. political activities as defined in AR 600-20." ]

[ "Dawn Parenting / Baby Names / D / Girl / Dawn Dawn The name Dawn is a baby girl name. Meaning Anglo-Saxon Meaning: The name Dawn is an Anglo-Saxon baby name. In Anglo-Saxon the meaning of the name Dawn is: Awakening. American Meaning: The name Dawn is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Dawn is: Awakening. English Meaning: The name Dawn is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Dawn is: Aurora. The first appearance of daylight; daybreak. Dawn. From the English word dawn. Numerology Soul Urge Number: 1People with this name have a deep inner desire to use their abilities in leadership, and to have personal independence. They would rather focus on large, important issues, and delegate the details. Expression Number: 6for harmony and balance in their lives, and respond positively to beautiful things." ]

[ ". \"Color Names Names that mean a specific color. Names that mean the color of something, such as the sky or smoke. [ Suggest Names for this page ] [ 1] [ 2] [ 3 ] [ 4]ORANGE COLOR NAMES: FEMALE: ALANI : Hawaiian name meaning \"\"orange tree. \"\"CAM : Vietnamese name meaning \"\"orange.\"\" Compare with another form of Cam. SIENA : Variant spelling of English Sienna, meaning \"\"reddish-orange. \"\"SIENNA : English name derived from the vocabulary word sienna, meaning \"\"reddish-orange. \"\"SOM : Thai name meaning \"\"orange (the fruit). \"\"PINK COLOR NAMES: FEMALE: HÙONG: Vietnamese name meaning \"\"pink\"\" or \"\"rose. \"\"PEMBE : Turkish name meaning \"\"pink. \"\"PURPLE COLOR NAMES: MALE: PORFIRIO : Italian and Spanish form of Greek Porphyrios , meaning \"\"purple. \"\"PORPHYRIOS ( Πορφύριος ): Greek name derived from the word porphyra, meaning \"\"purple. \"\"PORPHYRIUS : Latin form of Greek Porphyrios, meaning \"\"purple. \"\"PORPHYRY : Short form of Latin Porphyrius, meaning \"\"purple. \"\"ZEDONG ( 润芝 ): Chinese name, perhaps meaning \"\"moisten-purple mushroom.\"\" The purple mushroom is said to symbolize nobility. FEMALE: CALFURAY : Native American Mapuche flower name meaning \"\"violet. \"\"IANTHA: Latin form of Greek Ianthe, meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"IANTHE ( Ιάνθη ): Greek name meaning \"\"violet flower.\"\" In mythology, this is the name of an ocean nymph. IANTHINA : Elaborated form of Latin Iantha, meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"IBOLYA : Hungarian equivalent of Latin Viola , meaning \"\"violet color\"\" or \"\"violet flower. \"\"IOKASTE ( Ἰοκάστη ): Greek name, possibly meaning \"\"violet tinted (clouds).\"\" In mythology, this is the name of the mother and wife of Oedipus . Jocasta is the Latin form. IOLA : Latin form of Greek Iole, meaning \"\"violet. \"\"IOLANTA ( Иоланта ): Russian form of Greek Iolanthe, meaning \"\"violet flower.\"\" This is the name of an opera by Pyotr Tchaikovsky, based on the Danish play \"\"King René 's Daughter,\"\" by Henrik Hertz. The first performance took place in St. Petersburg in 1892. IOLANTHE ( Ιολανθη ): Greek name, apparently coined by Gilbert and Sullivan for their play of the same name first produced in London on November 25, 1882, composed of the Greek elements iole \"\"violet\"\" and anthos \"\"flower,\"\" hence \"\"violet flower. \"\"IOLE ( Ιόλη ): Greek name derived from the word iole , meaning \"\"violet.\"\" In mythology, this is the name of a woman loved by Herakles. JOCASTA : Latin form of Greek Iokaste / Jocaste , possibly meaning \"\"violet tinted (clouds).\"\" In mythology, this is the name of the mother and wife of Oedipus. JOCASTE ( Ἰοκάστη ): Variant spelling of Greek Iokaste , possibly meaning \"\"violet tinted (clouds).\"\" In mythology, this is the name of the mother and wife of Oedipus . JOLA : Pet form of Hungarian Jolán, meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"JOLÁN: Hungarian form of English Yolanda , meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"JOLANA : Czech and Slovene form of English Yolanda , meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"JOLANDA : Italian form of English Yolanda , meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"JOLÁNKA : Pet form of Hungarian Jolán , meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"JOLANTA : Polish form of Greek Iolanthe , meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"JOLENTA : Variant spelling of Polish Jolanta, meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"MANISHAG : Armenian name meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"LAVENDER : English color and flower name derived from the vocabulary word, from Anglo-Saxon lavendre, from Late Latin lavendula which may ultimately derive from lividus, meaning \"\"bluish, livid.\"\" Since 1840, the word has had the meaning \"\"pale purple. \"\"LJUBICA ( Љубица ): Serbian name meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"VI : Short form of English Violet, meaning \"\"violet color\"\" and \"\"violet flower. \"\"VIOLA : Latin name meaning \"\"violet color\"\" or \"\"violet flower. \"\"VIOLCA : Probably a Romani form of Latin Viola , meaning \"\"violet color\"\" or \"\"violet flower. \"\"VIOLET: English name derived from the vocabulary word, from Latin viola, meaning \"\"violet color\"\" or \"\"violet flower. \"\"VIOLETA (Bulgarian: Виолета ): Bulgarian and Romanian form of Latin Viola , meaning \"\"violet color\"\" or \"\"violet flower. \"\"Spanish diminutive form of Latin Viola , meaning \"\"violet color\"\" or \"\"violet flower. \"\"VIOLETTA : Italian diminutive form of Latin Viola , meaning \"\"violet color\"\" or \"\"violet flower. \"\"VIOLETTE : French diminutive form of Latin Viola , meaning \"\"violet color\"\" or \"\"violet flower. \"\"VIOLLCA : Variant spelling of Romani Violca, probably meaning \"\"violet color\"\" or \"\"violet flower. \"\"WIOLA : Pet form of Polish Wioletta, meaning \"\"violet color\"\" or \"\"violet flower. \"\"WIOLETTA: Polish form of Latin Viola, meaning \"\"violet color\"\" or \"\"violet flower. \"\"YOLANDA : English form of French Yolande, meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"YOLANDE : Old French form of Greek Iolanthe , meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"YOLONDA : Variant spelling of English Yolanda, meaning \"\"violet flower. \"\"RED COLOR NAMES: UNISEX: BRAITH : Welsh unisex name derived from the word brith, meaning \"\"diversely-colored,\"\" especially black and white or red and white. PHOENIX : Latin form of Greek Phoinix, meaning \"\"crimson.\"\" In mythology, this is the name of an immortal bird who would rise from its own ashes after being consumed by fire every 500 years. The name has been adopted into English use as a unisex name. SHANI ( שָׁנִי ): Hebrew unisex name meaning \"\"crimson red.\"\" Compare with strictly masculine Shani. MALE: AATAMI : Finnish form of Hebrew Adam, meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"AATOS : Pet form of Finnish Aatami , meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"AATTO : Pet form of Finnish Aatami , meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"ÁDÁM : Hungarian form of Hebrew Adam , meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"ADAM (Greek: Ἀδάμ, Hebrew: אָדָם ): Greek form of Hebrew Adam, meaning \"\"the red earth. \"\"Hebrew name meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red.\"\" In the bible, this is the name of the first man created by God, the husband of Eve. ADAMO : Italian form of Hebrew Adam , meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"ADAMOS ( Ἄδαμος ): Greek form of Hebrew Adam according to Josephus, meaning \"\"the red earth. \"\"ADÁN : Spanish form of Hebrew Adam, meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"ADÃO: Portuguese form of Hebrew Adam, meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"ADDAM : English variant spelling of Hebrew Adam , meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"ADDIE : Pet form of Hebrew Adam, meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red.\"\" Compare with another form of Addie. ADEM : Turkish form of Hebrew Adam, meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"ÁDHAMH: Irish form of Hebrew Adam, meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"ADNET : Medieval French form of Hebrew Adam, meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red.\"\" It is now a surname. ADNOT : Medieval French form of Hebrew Adam, meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red.\"\" It is now a surname. AKAMU : Hawaiian form of Hebrew Adam , meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"ARUN ( अरुण ): Hindi name meaning \"\"redness of the rising sun.\"\" In mythology, this is the name of the charioteer of the rising sun. He is said to be a cripple having no thighs. ARUNA ( अरुणा ): Alternate name for Hindi Arun, the charioteer of the sun, meaning \"\"redness of the rising sun. \"\"ATAM: Armenian form of Hebrew Adam, meaning \"\"red earth. \"\"BAYARD : Old French name derived from the word baie, meaning \"\"reddish brown\"\" or \"\"bright bay color.\"\" In medieval romances, this was the name of a magic horse from the legends of the chansons de geste (\"\"Songs of Heroic Deeds\"\") which was given to Renaud by Charlemagne. It belonged to the four sons of Aymon, and had the ability to grow larger or smaller as one or more riders mounted it. According to tradition, one of its foot-prints may still be seen in the forest of Soignes, and another on a rock near Dinant. BRODERICK : Welsh surname transferred to forename use, derived from the personal name Rhydderch , meaning \"\"reddish-brown. \"\"CLANCY : Irish surname transferred to forename use, from an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Fhlannchaidh, \"\"son of Flannchadh ,\"\" hence \"\"red warrior. \"\"CLANCEY : Variant spelling of English Clancy, meaning \"\"red warrior. \"\"EADE : Middle English pet form of Hebrew Adam , meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"EDOM ( אֶדוֹם ): Hebrew name meaning \"\"red.\"\" In the bible, this is the name of an ancient kingdom, and a name applied to Esau and his descendants. FLANN : Traditional Irish name derived from Gaelic Floin, meaning \"\"red, ruddy. \"\"FLANNABHRA : Irish Gaelic name meaning \"\"red eyebrows. \"\"FLANNÁN: Diminutive form of Irish Gaelic Flann , meaning \"\"little red one. \"\"FLANNCHADH : Irish Gaelic name composed of the elements Flann \"\"red, ruddy\"\" and cath \"\"battle, war,\"\" hence \"\"red warrior. \"\"FLANNERY : Irish surname transferred to forename use, from an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Flannabhra \"\"descendant of Flannabhra ,\"\" hence \"\"red eyebrows. \"\"FLANNGHAL : Irish Gaelic name composed of the elements Flann \"\"red, ruddy\"\" and gal \"\"valor,\"\" hence \"\"red valor. \"\"FLOIN : Old Gaelic byname meaning \"\"red, ruddy. \"\"FLYNN : Irish surname transferred to forename use, from an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Floinn, meaning \"\"descendant of Flann ,\"\" hence \"\"red, ruddy. \"\"GILROY : Irish surname transferred to forename use, from an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Giolla Ruaidh, \"\"son of the Ruadh ,\"\" hence \"\"red. \"\"GORRI : Basque name meaning \"\"red. \"\"IDOUMA ( Ιδουμα ): Greek name derived from Idoumaia, the Greek form of Latin Idumæa, the biblical name of a land south-east of Palestine, meaning \"\"red. \"\"IDUMA : Latin form of Greek Idouma, meaning \"\"red. \"\"KAMAL ( कमल ): Hindi name meaning \"\"red.\"\" Compare with another form of Kamal. KAPIL : Short form of Hindi Kapila, meaning \"\"reddish-brown. \"\"KAPILA ( कपिल ): Hindi name of a Vedic sage described as an incarnation of Vishnu , meaning \"\"reddish-brown. \"\"LOOTAH : Native American Sioux name meaning \"\"red. \"\"MILTIADES ( Μιλτιάδης ): Old Greek name derived from the word miltos, meaning \"\"red earth. \"\"OGALEESHA : Native American Sioux name meaning \"\"wears a red shirt. \"\"PHOINIX ( Φοῖνιξ ): Greek name derived from the word phoinix, meaning \"\"crimson.\"\" In mythology, this is the name of an immortal bird who would rise from its own ashes after being consumed by fire every 500 years. RADCLIFF : English surname transferred to forename use, from the name of various places composed of the Old English elements read \"\"red\"\" and clif \"\"cliff, slope, riverbank,\"\" hence \"\"red cliff. \"\"RADCLYFFE : Variant spelling of English Radcliff, meaning \"\"red cliff. \"\"RADLEY : English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the name of a place composed of the Old English elements read \"\"red\"\" and leah \"\"clearing, meadow,\"\" hence \"\"red meadow. \"\"RALEIGH : English surname transferred to forename use, from the name of a place in Devon composed of the Old English elements read \"\"red\"\" and leah \"\"clearing, meadow,\"\" hence \"\"red meadow. \"\"READ : English surname transferred to forename use, derived from an Old English byname, Red, meaning \"\"red-headed or ruddy-complexioned. \"\"RED : Old English byname transferred to forename use, derived from the word read (\"\"red\"\"), hence \"\"red-headed; ruddy complexioned. \"\"REDD : Variant spelling of English Red, meaning \"\"red-headed; ruddy complexioned. \"\"REED : Variant spelling of English Read, meaning \"\"red-headed; ruddy complexioned. \"\"REID : Variant spelling of English Read , meaning \"\"red-headed; ruddy complexioned. \"\"RHYDDERCH: Welsh name, originally a byname, meaning \"\"reddish-brown. \"\"RODDY : Pet form of English Roderick, meaning \"\"famous power,\"\" \"\"red king,\"\" or \"\"reddish-brown.\"\" Also used as a pet form of many other names beginning with Rod-. RODERICK : Compare with another form of Roderick . Anglicized form of Old Welsh Rhydderch , meaning \"\"reddish-brown. \"\"Scottish Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Ruaidhrí, meaning \"\"red king. \"\"ROHAN : Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Ruadhán , meaning \"\"little red one.\"\" Compare with another form of Rohan. RORIE : Variant spelling of English Rory, meaning \"\"red king. \"\"RORY : Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Ruairí , meaning \"\"red king. \"\"Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Ruaraidh , meaning \"\"red king. \"\"ROUSEL : Old French byname for a red-head, composed of the word rous \"\"red,\"\" and a diminutive suffix, hence \"\"little red one. \"\"ROWAN : Irish surname transferred to forename use, derived from an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ruadhán , meaning \"\"little red one.\"\" Compare with feminine Rowan. ROY : Scottish Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Ruadh, meaning \"\"red.\"\" Compare with other forms of Roy. RUADH : Old Irish byname derived from Gaelic ruadh, meaning \"\"red. \"\"RUADHÁN : Diminutive form of Irish Gaelic Ruadh (\"\"red\"\"), hence \"\"little red. \"\"RUAIDHRÍ : Irish Gaelic name composed of the Celtic elements ruadh \"\"red\"\" and rí from ríogh \"\"king,\"\" hence \"\"red king. \"\"RUAIDRÍ : Variant spelling of Irish Gaelic Ruaidhrí, meaning \"\"red king. \"\"RUAIRÍ : Variant spelling of Irish Ruaidhrí, meaning \"\"red king. \"\"RUAIRI : Scottish equivalent of Irish Ruairí, meaning \"\"red king. \"\"RUAIRIDH : Scottish equivalent of Irish Gaelic Ruaidhrí , meaning \"\"red king. \"\"RUARAIDH : Variant spelling of Scottish Ruairidh, meaning \"\"red king. \"\"RUARIDH : Variant spelling of Scottish Ruairidh , meaning \"\"red king. \"\"RUDYARD : English surname transferred to forename use, meaning \"\"red paddock\"\" or \"\"red yard. \"\"RUFINO : Italian, Portuguese and Spanish form of Roman Latin Rufinus , meaning \"\"red-haired. \"\"RUFINUS : Roman derivative of Latin Rufus, meaning \"\"red-haired. \"\"RUFUS : Latin name meaning \"\"red-haired. \"\"RUSS : Short form of English Russell , meaning \"\"little red one. \"\"RUSSEL : Variant spelling of English Russell, meaning \"\"little red one. \"\"RUSSELL : English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Old French byname Rousel, meaning \"\"little red one. \"\"RUSTY : Byname for someone with \"\"rust-colored hair,\"\" derived from the English vocabulary word rust. SHIVA ( शिव ): Hindi myth name of one of the Trimurti, meaning \"\"the destroyer.\"\" Śiva means \"\"auspicious\"\" and is an epithet of several deities. In Tamil, śiva means \"\"red.\"\" The other two Trimurti are Brahma \"\"the creator\"\" and Vishnu \"\"the preserver. \"\"WAPASHA : Native American Dakota name meaning \"\"red leaf. \"\"FEMALE: ADAMINA : Scottish feminine form of Hebrew Adam, meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"ADAMINE : Scandinavian feminine form of Hebrew Adam, meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"ADAMINNA : Variant spelling of Scottish Adamina , meaning \"\"earth\"\" or \"\"red. \"\"AKANE ( 茜 ): Japanese name meaning \"\"brilliant red. \"\"BURGUNDY : English name derived from the wine name, from the name of a place in France which got its name from Latin Burgundiones, literally meaning \"\"highlanders.\"\" May also sometimes be given as a color name. GORRIA : Feminine form of Basque Gorri , meaning \"\"red. \"\"HAZE : Short form of Old English Hazel, meaning \"\"reddish-brown\"\" or \"\"hazel tree. \"\"HAZEL : Old English name meaning \"\"reddish-brown\"\" or \"\"hazel tree.\"\" The tree was so-named for the hazel color of its ripe hazel-nuts. KAMALA ( कमला ): Feminine form of Hindi Kamal, meaning \"\"red. \"\"MEOQUANEE : Native American Cheyenne name meaning \"\"wears red. \"\"RUBY : English name derived from the name of the precious stone, from Latin ruber , meaning \"\"red.\"\" This is the birthstone for July. Compare with masculine Ruby . RUBYE : Variant spelling of English Ruby , meaning \"\"red\"\" or \"\"ruby. \"\"RUFINA : Feminine form of Roman Rufinus , meaning \"\"red-haired. \"\"SANUYE : Native American Miwok name meaning \"\"red cloud at sundown. \"\"SCARLET : English color name meaning \"\"scarlet red.\"\" Compare with another form of Scarlet. SCARLETT : English occupational surname for a \"\"dyer\"\" or \"\"seller of fabrics,\"\" transferred to forename use, derived from Old French escarlate , meaning \"\"scarlet cloth. \"\"SHIHONG ( 士弘 ): Chinese name meaning \"\"the world is red. \"\"SIENA : Variant spelling of English Sienna, meaning \"\"reddish-orange. \"\"SIENNA : English name derived from the vocabulary word sienna, meaning \"\"reddish-orange. \"\"TALUTAH : Native American Sioux name meaning \"\"blood-red. \"\"XIAO-HONG ( 晓红 ): Chinese name meaning \"\"red dawn. \"\"YEGHNIG: Armenian name meaning \"\"hind; red deer. \"\"SILVER COLOR NAMES: UNISEX: SILVER : English unisex name meaning \"\"silver,\"\" which may refer to either the precious metal or the color. MALE: ANARGYROS ( Ανάργυρος ): Greek name adopted from the term anargyros, meaning \"\"not silver,\"\" an epithet given to physician saints such as Kosmas and Damian, who refused payment for their services. Such saints are known in English as the Holy Unmercenaries. ARGYRIS ( Αργυρις ): Variant spelling of Greek Argyros, meaning \"\"silvery. \"\"ARGYROS ( Αργυρός ): Greek name derived from the word argyros, meaning \"\"silvery. \"\"NUADA : Irish name, possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European * sneudh , meaning \"\"fog.\"\" In mythology, this is the name of a king of the Tuatha Dé Danann, best remembered by the name Airgetlám (\"\"silver arm/hand\"\"), an epithet bestowed on him after his hand or arm was cut off by a Fir Bolg warrior in the first Battle of Magh Tuiredh. ZILAR : Basque name meaning \"\"silver. \"\"FEMALE: ARIANRHOD : Modern form of Welsh Aranrhod (\"\"huge/round/humped wheel\"\"), but having a different origin and meaning, composed of the Welsh elements arian \"\"silver\"\" and rhod \"\"wheel,\"\" hence \"\"silver wheel. \"\"FIDDA ( فضّة ): Arabic name meaning \"\"silver. \"\"FIZZA ( فضّة ): Variant spelling of Arabic Fidda, meaning \"\"silver. \"\"GINA : Japanese name meaning \"\"silvery.\"\" Compare with other forms of Gina. LUJAYN ( لجين ): Arabic name meaning \"\"silver. \"\"SIMIN ( سیمین ): Persian name meaning \"\"silvery. \"\"SOOLEAWA : Native American Algonquin name meaning \"\"silver. \"\"SREBRENKA : Serbian name meaning \"\"silver.\"\" [ 1] [ 2] [ 3 ] [ 4] \"" ]

[ "PURPOSE: Instrumental variable (IV) analysis with physician's prescribing preference (PPP) as IV is increasingly used in pharmacoepidemiology. However, it is unclear whether this IV performs consistently across databases. We aimed to evaluate the validity of different PPPs in a study of inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) use and myocardial infarction (MI).METHODS: Information on adults with asthma and/or COPD and at least one prescription of beta2-agonist, or muscarinic antagonist was extracted from the CPRD (UK) and the Mondriaan (Netherlands) databases. LABA exposure was considered time-fixed or time-varying. We measured PPPs using previous LABA prescriptions of physicians or proportion of LABA prescriptions per practice. Correlation (r) and standardized difference (SDif) were used to assess assumption of IV analysis.RESULTS: For time-fixed LABA, the IV based on 10 previous prescriptions outperformed the other IVs regarding strength of the IV (r ? 0.15) and balance of confounders between IV categories (SDif < 0.10). None of the IVs we considered appeared to be valid for time-varying LABA. In CPRD (n = 490,499), which included approximately 18 times more subjects than Mondriaan (n = 27,459), IVs appeared more valid. LABA was not associated with MI; hazard ratios ranged from 0.86 to 1.18 for conventional analysis, and from 0.61 to 1.24 for the IV analyses with apparent valid IVs.CONCLUSIONS: The validity of physician's prescribing preference as IV strongly depends on how this IV is defined and in which database it is applied. Hence, general recommendations cannot be made, other than to generate several plausible IVs, assess their validity, and report the estimate(s) from apparently valid IVs." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: In the perioperative period, anesthesiologists and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses routinely prepare and administer small-volume IV injections, yet the accuracy of delivered medication volumes in this setting has not been described. In this ex vivo study, we sought to characterize the degree to which small-volume injections (?0.5 mL) deviated from the intended injection volumes among a group of pediatric anesthesiologists and pediatric postanesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses. We hypothesized that as the intended injection volumes decreased, the deviation from those intended injection volumes would increase.METHODS: Ten attending pediatric anesthesiologists and 10 pediatric PACU nurses each performed a series of 10 injections into a simulated patient IV setup. Practitioners used separate 1-mL tuberculin syringes with removable 18-gauge needles (Becton-Dickinson & Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ) to aspirate 5 different volumes (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mL) of 0.25 mM Lucifer Yellow (LY) fluorescent dye constituted in saline (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) from a rubber-stoppered vial. Each participant then injected the specified volume of LY fluorescent dye via a 3-way stopcock into IV tubing with free-flowing 0.9% sodium chloride (10 mL/min). The injected volume of LY fluorescent dye and 0.9% sodium chloride then drained into a collection vial for laboratory analysis. Microplate fluorescence wavelength detection (Infinite M1000; Tecan, Mannedorf, Switzerland) was used to measure the fluorescence of the collected fluid. Administered injection volumes were calculated based on the fluorescence of the collected fluid using a calibration curve of known LY volumes and associated fluorescence.To determine whether deviation of the administered volumes from the intended injection volumes increased at lower injection volumes, we compared the proportional injection volume error (loge [administered volume/intended volume]) for each of the 5 injection volumes using a linear regression model. Analysis of variance was used to determine whether the absolute log proportional error differed by the intended injection volume. Interindividual and intraindividual deviation from the intended injection volume was also characterized.RESULTS: As the intended injection volumes decreased, the absolute log proportional injection volume error increased (analysis of variance, P < .0018). The exploratory analysis revealed no significant difference in the standard deviations of the log proportional errors for injection volumes between physicians and pediatric PACU nurses; however, the difference in absolute bias was significantly higher for nurses with a 2-sided significance of P = .03.CONCLUSIONS: Clinically significant dose variation occurs when injecting volumes ?0.5 mL. Administering small volumes of medications may result in unintended medication administration errors.", "Interpretation of comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results can be challenging in the presence of uncertainty. To aid in interpreting such results under the goal of any comparative LCA, we aim to provide guidance to practitioners by gaining insights into uncertainty-statistics methods (USMs). We review five USMs-discernibility analysis, impact category relevance, overlap area of probability distributions, null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), and modified NHST-and provide a common notation, terminology, and calculation platform. We further cross-compare all USMs by applying them to a case study on electric cars. USMs belong to a confirmatory or an exploratory statistics' branch, each serving different purposes to practitioners. Results highlight that common uncertainties and the magnitude of differences per impact are key in offering reliable insights. Common uncertainties are particularly important as disregarding them can lead to incorrect recommendations. On the basis of these considerations, we recommend the modified NHST as a confirmatory USM. We also recommend discernibility analysis as an exploratory USM along with recommendations for its improvement, as it disregards the magnitude of the differences. While further research is necessary to support our conclusions, the results and supporting material provided can help LCA practitioners in delivering a more robust basis for decision-making." ]

[ "According to federal research misconduct policies, what is the maximum number of consecutive words that one can use before it is classified as an instance of plagiarism? High School Social studies 5 points According to federal research misconduct policies, what is the maximum number of consecutive words that one can use before it is classified as an instance of plagiarism? Ask for details Follow Reportby Soulmates7177 07/21/2017Verified answer What is a Verified Answer? Log in to view the full answer. Unlock Verified Answers and get help from subject experts. Unlock verified answer Answers Greenleafable Expert There is not an official number but there is the famous Five Word Rule. It states that if 5 consecutive words are used as someone else wrote them then it can be considered to be plagiarism even though you might not have wanted to plagiarize and genuinely had the same thought. Comments Report0.0 0 votes Thanks 0The Brain Helper Not sure about the answer? See next answers Learn more with Brainly!Having trouble with your homework? Get free help!80% of questions are answered in under 10 minutes Answers come with explanations, so that you can learn Answer quality is ensured by our experts I want a free account!" ]

[ "Definition of Research Misconduct Definition of Research Misconduct Printer Friendly Research misconduct means fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results. (a) Fabrication is making up data or results and recording or reporting them. (b) Falsification is manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record. (c) Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit. (d) Research misconduct does not include honest error or differences of opinion." ]

[ "INTRODUCTION: Established treatment options of spondylodiscitis, a rare but serious infection of the spine, are immobilization and systemic antibiosis. However, the available data for specific treatment recommendations are very heterogeneous. Our intention was to develop a classification of the severity of spondylodiscitis with appropriate treatment recommendations.MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 10/1/1998 until 12/31/2004, 37 cases of spondylodiscitis were examined regarding medical history, gender status, location and extent of spondylodiscitis, type and number of operations. Subsequently, a classification of six grades according to severity has been developed with specific treatment recommendations. The further evaluation of our classification and corresponding treatment modalities from 1/1/2005 to 12/31/2009 including further 132 cases, resulted in a classification of only three grades of severity (the SSC--spondylodiscitis severity code), with a follow-up until 12/31/2011. Between 01/01/2012 and 12/31/2013, a prospective study of 42 cases was carried out. Overall, 296 cases were included in the study. 26 conservatively treated cases were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main localization of spondylodiscitis was the lumbar spine (55%) followed by the thoracic spine (34%). The classification of patients into 3 grades of severity depends on clinical and laboratory parameters, the morphological vertebral destruction seen in radiological examinations and the current neurological status. Therapies are adapted according to severity and they include a specific surgical management, systemic antibiotic therapy according to culture and sensitivity tests, physiotherapy and initiation of post-hospital follow-up. 40.6% of patients are associated with neurological deficits, classified as severity grade 3 and treated surgically with spinal stabilization and decompression. 46.9% of patients corresponded to severity grade 2, with concomitant vertebral destruction were dorsoventrally stabilized. The 31 patients of severity Grade 1 were treated surgically with dorsal stabilization. From 1998 to 2013, the time from the onset of symptoms to the first surgical treatment was about 69.4 days and has not changed significantly. However, the time from admission to surgical treatment had been reduced to less than 2 days. Also the time of hospitalization was reduced and we see positive effects regarding the sensation of pain. 270 patients underwent surgery. We treated 89% dorsally and 21% dorsoventrally. With the spondylodiscitis severity code, a classification of the severity of spondylodiscitis could be established and used for a severity-based treatment. In addition, specific parameters for the treatment of individual grades of severity can be determined in a clinical pathway." ]

[ "STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of patients who were hospitalized for infectious spondylodiscitis over a 13-year period.OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the epidemiology and prognostic factors of infectious spondylodiscitis in hemodialysis (HD) patients and to identify the impact of HD on infectious spondylodiscitis.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Only a few case studies of infectious spondylodiscitis in HD patients can be found in the literature. Reports of prognostic factors are limited and patients' outcomes have not been well described.METHODS: The cases of 1402 patients who were hospitalized for infectious spondylodiscitis over a 13-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 102 patients on maintenance HD were enrolled in this study. Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the risk factors of mortality and recurrence.RESULTS: The 102 enrolled patients had an average age 63.3  11.2 years old and male-to-female ratio of 1:1.04. Back pain was present in 75.5% of patients and the most commonly infected site was the lumbosacral spine. Infection associated with vascular access was identified in 31.4% of patients. The prevalence of dialysis via central venous catheters was higher than prevalent HD patients. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen, followed coagulase-negative staphylococci. The patients' in-hospital survival rate was 82.4%; their vascular access survival rate was 75.5%; their 1-year survival rate was 78.4%, and their 1-year recurrence rate was 20.2%. Congestive heart failure was associated with an increased 1-year mortality. Other variables exhibited no significant relationship with patients' in-hospital mortality, 1-year mortality or recurrence.CONCLUSION: The characteristics and outcomes of infectious spondylodiscitis in HD patients were elucidated. Most of the demographic and clinical variables, evaluated upon admission, did not predict mortality or recurrence.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.", "AIM: Despite different surgical treatment protocols at different centers for spondylodiscitis due to lumbar surgery, there is no consensus on its surgical indications. In this study, we aimed to clarify the steps to be followed in the management and treatment of postoperative spondylodiscitis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of 20 cases with postoperative spondylodiscitis were evaluated. C-reactive protein (CRP) was used for diagnosis and follow-up. According to culture results of the infected material obtained from the operated cases, appropriate antibiotic treatment was initiated. In non-operated cases, parenteral empirical antibiotic treatment was implemented. Surgical treatment was planned for cases with clinical and radiological instability, abscess on imaging and those who were nonrespondent to empirical antibiotic treatment. For the cases that clinically recovered and had normal CRP levels, oral antibiotic treatment was continued after parenteral antibiotic treatment.RESULTS: Of the cases; 13 were male (65%) and 7 were femals (35%). The mean age was 56.3 years (32-74). The most prevalent complaints in referral were waist and leg pain. Except one, all cases had increased CRP levels. All patients had spondylodiscitis on magnetic resonance imaging. Seven had radiological and clinical instability and 3 had epidural abscess. The most commonly growing microorganism in culture was Staphylococcus aureus. Surgical treatment was applied to seven cases and medical treatment to 13 cases.CONCLUSION: In cases with waist pain in the postoperative period, the first potential diagnosis to be considered is spondylodiscitis. Surgical treatment should be implemented for cases resistant to empirical antibiotic treatment, with abscess on imaging, or with lumbar instability." ]

[ "The chronic use of opioids prior to surgery leads to lowered pain thresholds and exaggerated pain levels after these procedures. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this heightened sensitivity commonly termed opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). Most of these proposed mechanisms involve plastic events in the central or peripheral nervous systems. Alterations in the abundance of peripheral mediators of nociception have not previously been explored. In these experiments mice were treated with saline (control) or ascending daily doses of morphine to generate a state of OIH followed by hind paw incision. In other experiments morphine treatment was initiated at the time of incision. Both mechanical allodynia and peri-incisional skin cytokine levels were measured. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) assays were used to determine neutrophil activity near the wounds. The cytokine production inhibitor pentoxifylline was used to determine the functional significance of the excess cytokines in previously morphine treated animals. Mice treated chronically treated with morphine prior to incision were found to have enhanced skin levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, G-CSF, KC and TNFalpha after incision at one or more time points compared to saline pretreated controls. The time courses of individual cytokines followed different patterns. There was no discernable effect of chronic morphine treatment on wound area neutrophil infiltration. Pentoxifylline reduced cytokine levels and reversed the excess mechanical sensitization caused by chronic morphine administration prior to incision. Morphine treatment initiated at the time of incision did not lead to a generalized enhancement of cytokine production or nociceptive sensitization in excess of the levels observed after incision alone" ]

[ "We investigated the role of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and L-type calcium channels in morphine-induced hyperalgesia after nociceptive sensitization. We used a hotplate apparatus to assess pain behavior in male NMRI mice. Nociceptive sensitization was induced by three days injection of morphine and five days of drug free. On day 9 of the schedule, pain behavior test was performed for evaluating the effects of morphine by itself and along with nimodipine, a blocker of L-type calcium channels and diazoxide, an opener of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. All drugs were injected through an intraperitoneal route. The results showed that morphine (7.5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) induced analgesia in normal mice, which was prevented by naloxone (1 mg/kg). After nociceptive sensitization, analgesic effect of morphine (10 and 15 mg/kg) was significantly decreased in sensitized mice. The results showed that nimodipine (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) had no significant effect on pain behavior test in either normal or sensitized mice. However, nimodipine (20 mg/ kg) along with morphine (10 and 15 mg/kg) caused more decrease in morphine analgesia in sensitized mice. Furthermore, diazoxide by itself (0.25, 1, 5 and 20 mg/kg) had also no significant effect on pain behavior in both normal and sensitized mice, but at dose of 20 mg/kg along with morphine (10 and 15 mg/kg) decreased analgesic effect of morphine in sensitized mice", "The substances in wounds that cause incisional pain and hyperalgesia after surgery are poorly understood. We have developed and characterized rat models for incision-induced pain behaviors and measured increased tissue hydrogen ion concentration. Because lactate may facilitate nociceptor responses to low pH and contribute to ischemic pain mechanisms, we measured tissue lactate after incision of the plantar region of the hindpaw, gastrocnemius muscle, and paraspinal region in halothane anesthetized rats using in vivo microdialysis. Incisions were performed at 1 site (plantar, gastrocnemius, or paraspinal incision) in each rat. The corresponding contralateral side was used as the control. In anesthetized rats, a microdialysis fiber was passed into the incision and the control side. L-Lactate was measured using the lactate oxidase method. Tissue concentration was determined from postoperative day 0 to postoperative day 14 using the no net flux method. Lactate was increased on the day of hindpaw incision to 3.6 +/- 1.6 mmol/L compared with control (2.1 +/- .6 mmol/L) and remained increased through 7 days. In the gastrocnemius muscle, lactate was increased the day after incision (4.2 +/- 1.2 mmol/L vs 1.7 +/- .5 mmol/L) until postoperative day 7. On the day of the paraspinal incision, lactate was 3.4 +/- 1.1 mmol/L on the operated side and 2.2 +/- .6 mmol/L in the control side. Lactate remained increased through postoperative day 8 at the paraspinal incision. These experiments demonstrate that incision of the plantar hindpaw, the gastrocnemius muscle, and the paraspinal region increased tissue lactate concentration. The wound environment contains increased lactate at the same time that pH is decreased; lactate could potentially facilitate nociceptor activation by low pH and contribute to pain after surgery" ]

[ "INTRODUCTION Pain can be severe during the first days after arthroscopic surgery, and acute pain is an important outcome in clinical trials of surgical technique or anaesthetic strategy. A standardized, validated method of assessing acute postoperative pain would improve the quality of clinical studies, and facilitate systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A step on the way towards this standard is to investigate the methods most commonly used in recent literature. METHODS PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched, including studies of arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery with a primary pain-related outcome during the first postoperative week, published in English from 2012 to 2017. RESULTS A total of 47 studies were included, all measuring pain intensity using a pain rating scale. Most frequently used was the visual analogue scale using the anchors \"no pain\" and \"worst pain imaginable\", with recordings at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. A total of 34 studies recorded analgesic consumption, usually as average cumulated consumption in mg. Time to first analgesic request or first pain were recorded in 11 studies, and 4 different starting points were used. DISCUSSION This review describes the currently most common methods of assessing acute postoperative pain in clinical trials of arthroscopic shoulder surgery involving rotator cuff repair, and the large variety of methods applied. Based on this study and international guidelines, several recommendations on how to measure and report postoperative pain outcomes in future trials are proposed." ]

[ "PURPOSE We report the outcomes of a randomized clinical trial of single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SPLC) and multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy (MPLC). METHODS Fifty-four patients (27 in each group) were randomized. A visual analog scale was used with a 10-point scale for an objective assessment of incisional pain and incisional cosmesis on postoperative days 1, 3, and 14. RESULTS The mean operating time was significantly longer in the SPLC. The mean cosmesis scores on postoperative days 3 (9.7 vs. 8.9, P = 0.01) and 14 (9.9 vs. 9.2, P<0.01) were significantly greater in the SPLC group than in the MPLC group. The group's mean visual analog scale scores for incisional pain, and their requirements for analgesics, did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS Although SPLC takes longer than MPLC, experienced laparoscopic surgeons can perform SPLC safely with results comparable with those for MPLC. SPLC is superior to MPLC in terms of short-term cosmetic outcomes.", "BACKGROUND Pain is the most common complaint of patients on the first day after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of local anesthesia with bupivacaine and intravenous parecoxib on postoperative abdominal pain relief up to 24 h after surgery. METHODS One hundred and eighty patients who underwent LC were randomized to one of three groups with sixty patients each: Group A received 50 mg 0.5% bupivacaine subcutaneously at trocar sites before incision closure; Group B received intravenous parecoxib (40 mg) after entering the recovery room; Group C did not receive postoperative analgesia unless needed and was served as control. The postoperative pain at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after the operation was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes, including intraoperative and postoperative complications, the incidence of shoulder pain, pethidine requirements, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and hospital stay were also recorded. RESULTS At 1, 2, and 4 hours after surgery, VAS pain scores were significantly lower in group A and B compared with group C (P < 0.05 for all). There was no significant difference among the three groups at 8, 12, and 24 hours after the procedure (P > 0.05 for all). A repeated-measures ANOVA analysis revealed that VAS pain scores over the first 24 hours after LC were significantly lower in group A and B compared with group C (P = 0.014 and P = 0.029 for between-group comparison, respectively). Furthermore, the percentage of patients requiring postoperative rescue analgesics was significantly higher in group C as compared with group A and group B (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION Local anesthesia with bupivacaine and intravenous parecoxib are both effective at decreasing postoperative pain and pethidine requirements after LC." ]

[ "Large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated potassium (MaxiK or BK) channels are composed of a pore-forming subunit (Slo) and 4 types of auxiliary subunits or just a pore-forming subunit. Although multiple N-linked glycosylation sites in the extracellular loop of subunits have been identified, very little is known about how glycosylation influences the structure and function of BK channels. Using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, western blot and patch-clamp recordings, we demonstrated that 3 sites in the extracellular loop of 2 subunit are N-glycosylated (N-X-T/S at N88, N96 and N119). Glycosylation of these sites strongly and differentially regulate gating kinetics, outward rectification, toxin sensitivity and physical association between the and 2 subunits. We constructed a model and used molecular dynamics (MD) to simulate how the glycosylation facilitates the association of /2 subunits and modulates the dimension of the extracellular cavum above the pore of the channel, ultimately to modify biophysical and pharmacological properties of BK channels. Our results suggest that N-glycosylation of 2 subunits plays crucial roles in imparting functional heterogeneity of BK channels, and is potentially involved in the pathological phenotypes of carbohydrate metabolic diseases." ]

[ "Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels establish and regulate the resting membrane potential of excitable cells in the heart, brain, and other peripheral tissues. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a key direct activator of ion channels, including Kir channels. The gasotransmitter carbon monoxide has been shown to regulate Kir channel activity by altering channel-PIP2 interactions. Here, we tested in two cellular models the effects and mechanism of action of another gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), thought to play a key role in cellular responses under ischemic conditions. Direct administration of sodium hydrogen sulfide as an exogenous H2S source and expression of cystathionine -lyase, a key enzyme that produces endogenous H2S in specific brain tissues, resulted in comparable current inhibition of several Kir2 and Kir3 channels. This effect resulted from changes in channel-gating kinetics rather than in conductance or cell-surface localization. The extent of H2S regulation depended on the strength of the channel-PIP2 interactions. H2S regulation was attenuated when channel-PIP2 interactions were strengthened and was increased when channel-PIP2 interactions were weakened by depleting PIP2 levels. These H2S effects required specific cytoplasmic cysteine residues in Kir3.2 channels. Mutation of these residues abolished H2S inhibition, and reintroduction of specific cysteine residues back into the background of the cytoplasmic cysteine-lacking mutant rescued H2S inhibition. Molecular dynamics simulation experiments provided mechanistic insights into how potential sulfhydration of specific cysteine residues could lead to changes in channel-PIP2 interactions and channel gating.", "Large conductance, Ca2+i- and voltage-gated K+ (BK) channels regulate myogenic tone and, thus, arterial diameter. In smooth muscle (SM), BK channels include channel-forming and auxiliary 1 subunits. BK 1 increases the channel's Ca2+ sensitivity, allowing BK channels to negatively feedback on depolarization-induced Ca2+ entry, oppose SM contraction and favor vasodilation. Thus, endothelial-independent vasodilation can be evoked though targeting of SM BK 1 by endogenous ligands, including lithocholate (LCA). Here, we investigated the expression of BK 1 across arteries of the cerebral and peripheral circulations, and the contribution of such expression to channel function and BK 1-mediated vasodilation. Data demonstrate that endothelium-independent, BK 1-mediated vasodilation by LCA is larger in coronary (CA) and basilar (BA) arteries than in anterior cerebral (ACA), middle cerebral (MCA), posterior cerebral (PCA), and mesenteric (MA) arteries, all arterial segments having a similar diameter. Thus, differential dilation occurs in extracranial arteries which are subjected to similar vascular pressure (CA vs. MA) and in arteries that irrigate different brain regions (BA vs. ACA, MCA, and PCA). SM BK channels from BA and CA displayed increased basal activity and LCA responses, indicating increased BK 1 functional presence. Indeed, in the absence of detectable changes in BK , BA and CA myocytes showed an increased location of BK 1 in the plasmalemma/subplasmalemma. Moreover, these myocytes distinctly showed increased BK 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. Supporting a major role of enhanced BK 1 transcripts in artery dilation, LCA-induced dilation of MCA transfected with BK 1 complementary DNA (cDNA) was as high as LCA-induced dilation of untransfected BA or CA." ]