Datasets:

BMRetriever

/

biomed_retrieval_dataset

like 3

[ "Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for approximately 50% of breast cancer families with more than four affected cases, whereas exonic mutations in p53, PTEN, CHK2 and ATM may account for a very small proportion. It was recently reported that an intronic variant of p53--G13964C--occurred in three out of 42 (7.1%) 'hereditary' breast cancer patients, but not in any of 171 'sporadic' breast cancer control individuals (P = 0.0003). If this relatively frequent occurrence of G13964C in familial breast cancer and absence in control individuals were confirmed, then this would suggest that the G13964C variant plays a role in breast cancer susceptibility. We genotyped 71 familial breast cancer patients and 143 control individuals for the G13964C variant using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Three (4.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0-8.9%) G13964C heterozygotes were identified. The variant was also identified in 5 out of 143 (3.5%; 95% CI 0.6-6.4%) control individuals without breast cancer or a family history of breast cancer, however, which is no different to the proportion found in familial cases (P = 0.9)" ]

[ "The reported penetrance of germline CDH1 mutations is high in families with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Men and women have a 70% and 56%, respectively, cumulative risk of developing diffuse gastric cancer by age 80. Women additionally have a 42% cumulative risk of developing breast cancer. Due to the high penetrance of these mutations, prophylactic total gastrectomy is currently recommended for CDH1 mutation carriers. However, whether everyone with a CDH1 gene mutation is at risk for HDGC is not clear. Mutation identification was performed by next-generation sequencing. Mutations and variant status was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in 11 family members. We present two families with pathogenic CDH1 mutations. The first family carries a novel truncating, nonsense CDH1 mutation that we were able to trace for three generations, but reports no family history of diffuse gastric cancer. The occurrence of cancer in this family deviates significantly from the expectation for HDGC. The proband from the second family presents with breast cancer and carries a previously reported pathogenic CDH1 mutation, but also reports no family history of diffuse gastric cancer", "BACKGROUND: Inherited factors contribute to lung cancer risk, but the mechanism is not well understood. Defining the biological consequence of GWAS hits in cancers is a promising strategy to elucidate the inherited mechanisms of cancers. The tag-SNP rs753955 (A>G) in 13q12.12 is highly associated with lung cancer risk in the Chinese population. Here, we systematically investigate the biological significance and the underlying mechanism behind 13q12.12 risk locus in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS: We characterize a novel p53-responsive enhancer with lung tissue cell specificity in a 49-kb high linkage disequilibrium block of rs753955. This enhancer harbors 3 highly linked common inherited variations (rs17336602, rs4770489, and rs34354770) and six p53 binding sequences either close to or located between the variations. The enhancer effectively protects normal lung cell lines against pulmonary carcinogen NNK-induced DNA damages and malignant transformation by upregulating TNFRSF19 through chromatin looping. These variations significantly weaken the enhancer activity by affecting its p53 response, especially when cells are exposed to NNK. The effect of the mutant enhancer alleles on TNFRSF19 target gene in vivo is supported by expression quantitative trait loci analysis of 117 Chinese NSCLC samples and GTEx data. Differentiated expression of TNFRSF19 and its statistical significant correlation with tumor TNM staging and patient survival indicate a suppressor role of TNFRSF19 in lung cancer.CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of how the inherited variations in 13q12.12 contribute to lung cancer risk, highlighting the protective roles of the p53-responsive enhancer-mediated TNFRSF19 activation in lung cells under carcinogen stress." ]

[ "Summary. 1 Chest pain may be caused by poor blood flow to the heart leading to angina, or by a sudden blockage in the coronary arteries resulting in a heart attack. 2 Other causes of chest pain can include indigestion, reflux, muscle strain, inflammation in the rib joints near the breastbone, and herpes zoster or shingles." ]

[ "Pleurisy, an inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest, causes sharp pain when you breathe. Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease and causes fever, joint pain, abdominal pain, rash, and more. Barrett's esophagus occurs when the lining of the esophagus is damaged, usually by acid reflux.", "This is why chest pain can be such a difficult problem for those who have it, as well as for their doctors. Gas causes swelling in the intestines and a bloated feeling. When gas causes pain, it’s usually in the abdomen (belly). However, the pain may also be felt in the chest.If pain is due to gas, it should go away within a short time. Other causes of chest pain not due to the heart include problems with the esophagus, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), musculoskeletal (chest wall) pain, problems in the lungs, and many others.as causes swelling in the intestines and a bloated feeling. When gas causes pain, it’s usually in the abdomen (belly). However, the pain may also be felt in the chest." ]

[ "Silicon Rich Food Sources. The main food sources of silicon are apples, oranges, cherries, raisins, almonds, peanuts, raw cabbage, onions, endives, carrots, eggplants, pumpkin, red beets, celery, cucumber, fish, honey, and corn.ilicon Rich Food Sources. The main food sources of silicon are apples, oranges, cherries, raisins, almonds, peanuts, raw cabbage, onions, endives, carrots, eggplants, pumpkin, red beets, celery, cucumber, fish, honey, and corn." ]

[ "The most nutrient-dense food source of calcium with high bioavailability is leafy green vegetables. milk and dairy products.", "First, we investigated whether silicon was available from a meal of silicon-rich foods that did not include silicon-containing fluids (study 1). Second, we investigated the gastrointestinal uptake of silicon from the major food sources of silicon in the Framingham cohorts (study 2).owever, because fluids account for only 20–30% of total silicon intake (6– , 8), and because silica in solid foods could be hydrolyzed to orthosilicic acid in the gastrointestinal tract (9, 10), studies should be done to determine whether silicon may be available from foods." ]

[ "Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, is usually found in food or water contaminated by feces from a person with the infection. Common sources include: 1 Municipal water supplies.2 Ice made from municipal water. 3 Foods and drinks sold by street vendors.t rarely occurs in children. The disease is most common in places with poor sanitation, crowding, war, and famine. Common locations include parts of Africa, south Asia, and Latin America. If you are traveling to one of those areas, knowing the following cholera facts can help protect you and your family." ]

[ "Vibrio cholerae infections have been rare in industrialized nations for the last 100 years. In the United States, there are zero to five cases per year. In 2003, 111,575 cases from 45 countries were reported to the World Health Organization.", "Cholera Epidemics in the 19th Century The Prevention and Treatment of Epidemic Cholera. From the holdings of Andover–Harvard Theological Library—Harvard Divinity School. First appearing in Europe and North America beginning in 1831–1832 and presumed to have come from India, epidemic cholera returned and traveled around the world many times through the end of the century, killing many thousands." ]

[ "The present study investigated the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anger. Anger co-occurring with PTSD is found to have a severe effect across a wide range of traumatic experiences, making this an important relationship to examine. The present study utilized data regarding dimensions of PTSD symptoms and anger collected from a non-clinical sample of 247 trauma-exposed participants. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine the underlying factor structure of both PTSD and anger by examining anger in the context of three models of PTSD. Results indicate that a five-factor representation of PTSD and one-factor representation of anger fit the data best. Additionally, anger demonstrated a strong relationship with the dysphoric arousal and negative alterations in cognitions and mood (NACM) factors; and dysphoric arousal was differentially related to anger. Clinical implications include potential need to reevaluate PTSD's diagnostic symptom structure and highlight the potential need to target and treat comorbid anger in individuals with PTSD. In regard to research, these results support the heterogeneity of PTSD." ]

[ "PTSD is a disorder of emotion dysregulation. Although much work has intended to elucidate the neural underpinnings of the disorder, much remains unknown about the neurobiological substrates of emotion dysregulation in PTSD. In order to assess the relationship between a neural measure of attention to emotion (i.e. the late positive potential; LPP) and PTSD symptoms, EEG was recorded and examined as a potential predictor of military-related PTSD symptoms in a sample of 73 OEF/OIF/OND veterans. Results revealed that higher PTSD symptoms were related to an attenuated LPP response to angry facial expressions. This finding was not observed for happy or fearful faces. The current study provides initial evidence that, in a relatively young, mostly male sample of OEF/OIF/OND veterans, hyporeactivity to angry faces at the neural level may provide phenotypic data to characterize individual differences in PTSD symptom severity. This work may assist in future studies that seek to examine useful psychophysiologic targets for treatment and early interventions.", "Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with aggressive behavior in veterans, and difficulty controlling aggressive urges has been identified as a primary postdeployment readjustment concern. Yet only a fraction of veterans with PTSD commit violent acts. The goals of this study were to (1) examine the higher-order factor structure of Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) scales in a sample of U.S. military veterans seeking treatment for PTSD; and (2) to evaluate the incremental validity of higher-order latent factors of the PAI over PTSD symptom severity in modeling aggression. The study sample included male U.S. Vietnam (n = 433) and Iraq/Afghanistan (n = 165) veterans who were seeking treatment for PTSD at an outpatient Veterans Affairs (VA) clinic. Measures included the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, the PAI, and the Conflict Tactics Scale. The sample was randomly split into two equal subsamples (n's = 299) to allow for cross-validation of statistically derived factors. Parallel analysis, variable clustering analysis, and confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the factor structure, and regression was used to examine the association of factor scores with self-reports of aggression over the past year. Three factors were identified: internalizing, externalizing, and substance abuse. Externalizing explained unique variance in aggression beyond PTSD symptom severity and demographic factors, while internalizing and substance abuse did not. Service era was unrelated to reports of aggression. The constructs of internalizing versus externalizing dimensions of PTSD may have utility in identifying characteristics of combat veterans in the greatest need of treatment to help manage aggressive urges." ]

[ "Poplar is the cheapest hardwood used in construction. It is inexpensive because it is also the softest of the hardwoods. Most general consumers may have never heard of Poplar because it is not typically an advertised material name.What makes it popular is actually its versatility.oplar is the cheapest hardwood used in construction. It is inexpensive because it is also the softest of the hardwoods. Most general consumers may have never heard of Poplar because it is not typically an advertised material name." ]

[ "For DIYers and professional tradesmen who recognize the For DIYers and professional tradesmen who recognize the importance of going green and using natural timber harvested in a responsible manner turn to this PureBond Poplar Plywood from Columbia Forest Products.", "The wood of pop ash is light and weak. This, in combination with its small stature and multi-trunked growth habit, make it an undesirable tree for lumber. However, it has been used as fuel wood or collected and sent to local mills for pulpwood.lowers are 1/8 inch long and bloom in early spring before leaves emerge. The blooms appear in clusters of many yellow (male) and green (female) flowers. Fruits are 1½ to 2 inch long elliptical samaras (winged seeds) that have 1 wing (or occasionally 3)." ]

[ "It all depends on the track and the purse. Usually, a Nascar driver can finish last and still earn between $50,000 to $70,000. The winners could make over $300,000, it changes each week. Sometimes more and sometimes less." ]

[ "As a whole, most drivers don’t make anything. Cup Series drivers are paid well, but they represent the smallest percentage of the NASCAR community. This piece addresses Cup Series drivers – the guys at the top. Each driver’s contract is different, but there are a lot of industry standards and similarities.", "Best Answer: The drivers pay varies drastically. Just about all drivers are under some sort of contract which entitles them to a certain amount of pay, which varies by team. Generally, the contract is written so that the better a driver does in the race, the more money he/she will make." ]

[ "so that it reaches its northernmost position in the summer. This brings trade winds during the period of May through September, when they are prevalent 80 to 95 percent of the time. From October through April, the heart of the trade winds moves south of Hawaii; however, the winds still blow much of the time. They provide a system of natural year-long ventilation throughout the islands and bring mild temperatures characteristic of air that has moved great distances across tropical waters. Island wind patterns are very complex. Though the trade winds are fairly constant, their relatively uniform air flow is" ]

[ "October through early April, with very little rainfall during the summer; similar to California's mediterranean climates. However, both seasons experience a similar number of rainy days. Light showers occur in summer, while heavier rain falls during winter. Honolulu has an average of 278 sunny days and 90 rainy days per year. Although the city is situated in the tropics, hurricanes are quite rare. The last recorded hurricane that hit near Honolulu was Category 4 Hurricane Iniki in 1992. Hurricane Lane is also expected to approach near the city. Tornadoes are also uncommon and usually strike once every 15 years. Waterspouts", "toll on the hurricane. The cyclone's winds dropped to 80 mph (130 km/h) by 12:00 UTC on September 4 as it resumed its west-northwest track under the influence of a subtropical ridge away from the Hawaiian Islands. Uleki passed roughly halfway between Johnston Atoll and the French Frigate Shoals on September 5. By September 7, the weakened trend halted and environmental conditions favored reintensification. As Uleki neared the International Dateline, it regained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). At 00:00 UTC on September 8, the CPHC transferred warning responsibility of Uleki to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the" ]

[ "A man at a desk." ]

[ "A man buying groceries." ]

[ "Sumter, South Carolina Sumter is a city in and the county seat of Sumter County, South Carolina, United States. Known as the Sumter Metropolitan Statistical Area, the namesake county adjoins Clarendon and Lee to form the core of Sumter-Lee-Clarendon tri-county area of South Carolina, an area that includes the three counties in the east central Piedmont. The population was 39,643 at the 2000 census, and it rose to 40,524 at the 2010 census. Incorporated as Sumterville in 1845, the city's name was shortened to Sumter in 1855. It has grown and prospered from its early beginnings as a plantation settlement." ]

[ "Central) in 1941, industry grew, especially after World War II. Sumter became increasingly known for textiles, manufacturing, biotech industries, a thriving retail environment and medical center of its region in addition to agricultural products, which makes it a hub for business in the east central portion of South Carolina. The J. Clinton Brogdon House, Carnegie Public Library, Heriot-Moise House, Charles T. Mason House, Myrtle Moor, O'Donnell House, Rip Raps Plantation, Salem Black River Presbyterian Church, Henry Lee Scarborough House, Stateburg Historic District, Sumter County Courthouse, Sumter Historic District, Sumter Town Hall-Opera House, Temple Sinai, Elizabeth White House, Lincoln High School,", "from North Charleston: Notes Further reading North Charleston, South Carolina North Charleston is the third-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, with incorporated areas in Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties. On June 12, 1972, the city of North Charleston was incorporated and was rated as the ninth-largest city in South Carolina. As of the 2010 Census, North Charleston had a population of 97,471, growing to an estimated population of 108,304 in 2015, and with a current area of more than . As defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, for use by the U.S. Census Bureau" ]

[ "Here are a number of resources that may be of use for your research.\n\nThe UCLA website presents tables and data in their webpage Theory of Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy, including reference tables of common functional groups, aromatics and compounds often used in the laboratory. (Many compounds you listed are in the tables).\n\nA reference that may be of use is Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds (Kumar, 2006) which include several tables that include information of the compounds you list.\n\nThe book Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds (Kalsi, 2007), from page 12 provide several tables of information related to your listed organic compounds, including details of the electronic transitions. The chapter \"Ultraviolet (UV) and Visible Spectroscopy\" (starting page 9) has a subsection \"The Designation of Various Transitions\" which details the electronic transitions using examples in context (from page 11, summarised in a diagram on page 12). Examples of solvents are discussed from page 23 onwards. (All available online).\n\nTransitions are explored in a bit of detail in chapter 4.3 of the UC Davis ChemWiki The Dynamic Chemistry E-textbook, Section 4.3: Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy" ]

[ "This is not a database, and I don't know about how small molecules you are looking for, I found that article on Jacs Kinetics and thermodynamics of keto-enol tautomerism of simple carbonyl compounds: an approach based on a kinetic study of halogenation at low halogen concentrations\n\nIf you can access the file it will be better for you, if not I let you some matrix of values. I hope it can help ! I give you them in the same the order of the publication.\n\nI added some other publication at the end.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLinks \n\nTautomerization of 2-Acetylcyclohexanone. 1. Characterization of Keto−Enol/Enolate Equilibria and Reaction Rates in Water\n\nKinetic studies of keto-enol and other tautomeric\nequilibria by flash photolysis (a lot of constants in this one)", "In general you need to understand point group tables. \n\nThese always have the same form, which is to say that symmetry operations are on the top line, characters (1,-1, 0 etc) in the main body. The most left hand column the Mulliken symmetry labels (also called symmetry species) for each irreproducible representation (one row of characters) . \n\nThe right hand two columns, often without header labels contain the operators for different type of transitions. x,y, z are used to dipole transitions because a dipole transforms as x, y or z. (The z direction is usually that of the principal axis). Rx, Ry, Rz are used, for example, spin orbit operators (These are coupling between electron spin and orbital motion, Not rotations). \n\nThe last column contains product operators $x^2$, $x^2-y^2$ etc and are generally used to describe Raman transitions since the Raman transition operator depends on a molecules polarisability (a volume) which in projection is proportional to an area hence squared terms. \n\nIf you want more complicated operators say $x(x^2-y^3)$ then generally these can be made from simpler operations. When making more complex functions consider the x as a $p_x$ orbital with two lobes of different 'colour'. The subtraction as in $x^2-y^2$ then looks like the $d_{x^2-y^2}$ orbital with opposite lobes coloured in the same way but each pair of a different colour. You can the use the symmetry of this object to determine which irreproducible representation it belongs to. In $C_{2v}$ (below) it is $A_1$.\n\nThe C$_{2v}$ point group shows these features. The operators are E, $C_2$ etc,. The Mulliken symbols for the symmetry species, in your case vibrational normal mode symmetries, are $A_1$, $A_2$. The characters are 1, -1 etc.\n\nA totally symmetric normal mode $A_1$ has characters 1,1,1,1, is active to transitions with a dipole on the z direction and is also Raman active, as it has at least one squared term, x$^2$ for example. The $A_2$ symmetry species in not ir active, but is Raman active, due to the xy operator. You can follow the rest.\n\n\n\nIf you want to work out what the symmetries of a wavefunction are in a given point group, then the easiest way is to sketch the wavefunction and apply the symmetry operations from that point group. Choose a set of axes, z vertical and x horizontal and y out of the page, perpendicular to the other two. Count 1 if the symmetry operation is present and -1 if not. \n\nFor example the $v$=0 wavefunction for the harmonic oscillator has a gaussian or bell shape. By applying in turn the symmetry operations in C$_{2v}$ this wavefunction belongs to the $A_1$ symmetry species. The v=1 wavefunction has a node at the origin with an inversion in the values between negative and positive x. In this case C$_2$ is -1, $\\sigma _{xy} = 1$ and $\\sigma _{yz} = -1$ which is the $B_1$ symmetry species." ]

[ "I appreciate the way you have explained your symptoms in detail, it is very helpful for a physician. The regimen for TB of the bone (whicChatDoctores under extrapulmonary TB) is 2 months of Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol. This is called the Intensive phase. This is later followed by the maintained phase of 4 months of Isoniazid and Rifampicin only. Total duration of therapy is 6 months. This is the regimen recommended by WHO in DOTS and is also followed in India where TB is very prevalent. We have observed very good results with this regimen in patients with bone TB. Though Ethambutol has side effects affecting the vision, we donor generally stop it only after 2 weeks. Even though it does not kill the TB bacteria but only stops it from multiplying, it is considered an important Chat Doctor. Since it was stopped for you, I presume that it was according to the guidelines which are followed in your country. Generally, it would not be significant, but in the light of reappearance of your symptoms, I would consider it significant. Abscess which is formed due to TB bacteria is called a cold abscess as it does not have any active inflammation. It will gradually disappear with the same treatmen" ]

[ "Rifa-I6 Kid contains this combination and may be given. It is expected the that the infection would be controlled within the tenure of 6 months of treatment but may occasionally take some more time when another 3 months of treatment might be required with appropriate medicines. With proper treatment, TB is fully curable. Please visit any Revised National TB Control Program (RNTCP) center and the doctors there can treat it effectively", "It can be due to weak thigh and hip muscles. For this you need physiotherapy in form of walking and other exercises. This pain will improve with physio in six to seven months. I would also suggest you to take vitamin B 12 and calcium and D 3 tablets that will improve your bone and muscles strength, I hope these steps will take care of this pain in 3 months" ]

[ "To evaluate the adverse effect profile of tramadol by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with administration of the loading dose either intraoperatively or postoperatively. Sixty adult patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery were enrolled into this prospective, randomized, double blind study. The patients were anesthetized in a similar manner. At the beginning of wound closure, the patients were randomly allocated to receive 5 mg x kg(-1) tramadol (Group 1) or normal saline (Group 2). In the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), when patients in either group complained of pain, 30 mg x ml(-1) tramadol i.v. were given every three minutes until visual analogue scale (VAS) 3, followed by tramadol PCA with bolus dose of 30 mg and five minute lockout interval. Pain control and adverse effect assessments were done in the PACU and every six hours for 48 hr post drug by an independent observer. The loading dose was 290 +/- 45 mg in Group 1 and 315 +/- 148 mg in Group 2. In PACU, more nausea/vomiting both in terms of incidence (13/30, 43% vs 2/30, 6.6%, P < 0.05) and severity (nausea/vomiting score 2.5 +/- 2.0 vs 0.2 +/- 0.6, P < 0.05) was observed in patients with postoperative loading than in those with intraoperative loading of tramadol" ]

[ "Tramadol is used as an analgesic in post-operative pain treatment. Intravenous tramadol is often combined with morphine to achieve better pain relief and less side-effects after orthopaedic surgery. However, the available evidence is insufficient to support this combination. For this reason, we conducted the present non-commercial, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Sixty-three patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, selected for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), were randomized to receive saline or tramadol 100 mg/ml intravenously every 6 h during the first post-operative day (total, 400 mg/24 h). All patients had access to morphine via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. Neither during the 6 h after the first dose nor during the first post-operative day could we detect any statistically significant difference with regard to pain intensity, sedation and nausea between patients treated with tramadol and the placebo group. However, the withdrawal rate caused by insufficient pain relief was greater in the tramadol group (7/31) than in the saline group (2/32). This difference did not reach statistical significance. In the group of patients who remained in the study for 24 h ('per protocol'), those randomized to receive tramadol had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower morphine consumption (20 mg or 31%) than the placebo group", "To evaluate the effect of preoperative oral tramadol on postoperative pain and its effect on the patient's home-readiness after diagnostic day-case knee arthroscopy performed under spinal anaesthesia. We studied 156 outpatients in a prospective, randomized, double-blind fashion to examine the postoperative analgesic effect of preoperative oral slow-release tramadol. Postoperative pain was measured using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and the patients home-readiness were assessed. There were no statistically significant differences in the postoperative VAS scores between the tramadol and placebo groups, nor was there any significant difference in the need for postoperative pain medication. Patients in the tramadol group had higher incidence of PONV and they were discharged from hospital later than those given placebo although the tramadol patients required less intravenous midazolam for sedation" ]

[ "Joker (The Dark Knight) The Joker is a fictional character who appears in Christopher Nolan's 2008 superhero film \"\"The Dark Knight\"\". Based upon the DC Comics character of the same name, he was played by Australian actor Heath Ledger. A psychopathic mass murderer with a sadistic sense of humor, the Joker attempts to undermine the efforts of Batman (Christian Bale), James Gordon (Gary Oldman), and Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart) to rid Gotham City of crime. The character embodies themes of chaos, anarchy and obsession: throughout the film, he expresses a desire to upset social order through crime, and defines himself" ]

[ "Batman: The Killing Joke (film) Batman: The Killing Joke is a 2016 American adult animated superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. Featuring the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the twenty-sixth film in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series, based on the by Alan Moore and Brian Bolland. The film is directed by Sam Liu, written by Brian Azzarello and stars the voices of Kevin Conroy, Mark Hamill, Tara Strong, and Ray Wise. Like the novel, the film follows the Joker's undertaking to drive police commissioner James Gordon insane, and Batman's", "and Kevin Conroy star as Terry McGinnis and Bruce Wayne, respectively, and Mark Hamill, who voiced the Joker opposite Conroy in \"\"Batman: The Animated Series\"\" and \"\"The New Batman Adventures\"\", reprises his role. Before its release, the film was heavily edited to remove scenes of intense violence, and some dialogue was altered, thus creating the \"\"Not-Rated\"\" version of the film. The original version was subsequently released on DVD following an online petition to have the original version released. It received a PG-13 rating from the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) for violence, the first animated Batman film and from" ]

[ "All Domestic United Mainline Flights will arrive in Terminal C at EWR. International United Mainline Flights will continue to be split between Terminals B and C at EWR. Regional Operations. Flight Numbers 3000-4999. Most United Express Flights (Operated by Colgan and CommutAir) on TurboProp Aircraft will depart from and arrive to Terminal C AT EWR." ]

[ "The new terminal 2 phase one is being used by several new airlines including American, American Eagle, Delta, United, Air Canada and Midwest Connect. The second phase, opened in January 2011 (new south concourse), enabled the relocation of US Airways, Northwest and Continental from terminal A to terminal two.", "In the United States, domestic United Airlines flights typically operate from one of the airline’s eight American hubs. The largest hubs are at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport (ORD), which also serves as the company’s headquarters, and Houston’s Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH).ravelers looking for deals when booking United Airlines reservations should turn to Expedia first for the best offers. Discount United Airlines tickets are available on Expedia twenty-four hours a day to help busy customers find flights to where they need to go." ]

[ "tl;dr: The human eye can physiologically detect up to 1000 frames per second. The average human, tasked with detecting what framerate he/she is looking at, can accurately guess up to around 150 fps. That is, they can see the difference in framerates all the way to 150 fps. Phew." ]

[ "The more frames per second (fps), the smoother the motion appears. Television in the U.S., for example, is based on the NTSC format, which displays 30 interlaced frames per second (60 fields per second). In general, the minimum fps needed to avoid jerky motion is about 30. Some computer video formats, such as AVI, provide only 15 frames per second. (2) Capitalized, FPS is short for first-person shooter, a game genre. FPS games are ones that are in the first-person perspective where the gamer can only see the character's hands holding a weapon on the screen.", "Because Human Eyes are capable of implmenting motion blur, and since the frames of a movie are being drawn all at once, motion blur is implemented in such few frames, which results in a lifelike perceptual picture." ]

[ "Glasses rest on the girl's nose." ]

[ "The girl is not wearing glasses." ]

[ "A routing group is a logical collection of servers used to control mail flow and public folder referrals. In a routing group, all servers communicate and transfer messages directly to one another. In a routing group, all servers communicate and transfer messages directly to one another, as follows:A user in your Exchange organization uses a mail client to send mail to another user.akes advantage of those configurations where all the servers in a routing group have the same network connectivity to the servers in other routing groups. Only a select few servers in a routing group. Makes troubleshooting message flow easier because there are limited points of contact between routing groups." ]

[ "IGP and EGP Routing Protocols (3.1.4.2) An autonomous system (AS) is a collection of routers under a common administration such as a company or an organization. An AS is also known as a routing domain. Typical examples of an AS are a company’s internal network and an ISP’s network. The Internet is based on the AS concept; therefore, two types of routing protocols are required: Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP): Used for routing within an AS.", "1 Expand the Routing Groups container, and then either create a new routing group or double-click a pre-existing routing group. 2 Right-click the Connectors container, point to New, and then click Routing Group Connector. 3 On the General tab, in the Name box, type a name for this Routing Group connector. Expand the Routing Groups container, and then either create a new routing group or double-click a pre-existing routing group. 2 Right-click the Connectors container, point to New, and then click Routing Group Connector. 3 On the General tab, in the Name box, type a name for this Routing Group connector." ]

[ "BACKGROUND/AIMS: Affective behavioural matching during face-to-face interaction fosters the transition from mutual regulation to infant self-regulation. Optimum midrange models of mother-infant interaction hold that moderate degrees of dyadic matching facilitate infant socio-emotional development. The aim of this study was to examine which degree of dyadic matching is most beneficial for infant self-regulation.METHODS: To evaluate this model, 3 groups of highly, midrange and poorly matched dyads were created from a mixed sample of 68 dyads with healthy and post-partum depressed mothers and their infants (age range = 1-8 months, mean age = 3.9 months). Mother-infant interactions were videotaped in the face-to-face still-face paradigm (FFSF) and micro-analytically coded. Specifically, the relation between affective behavioural matching in FFSF play and infant positive and negative affect in FFSF still face and FFSF reunion was explored.RESULTS: Contrary to our expectation, we found a monotonous trend for all groups: the more matching in FFSF play, the more positive and less negative affect the infant showed in FFSF still face and FFSF reunion, respectively.CONCLUSION: The present findings further illuminate the association between different degrees of dyadic matching in early mother-infant interaction and infant self-regulation. Further research should focus on the integration and replication of findings and conceptual approaches to further evaluate and refine the concept of midrange matching and make it applicable to therapeutic work with mothers and their infants." ]

[ "An earlier randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared 80 mother-infant dyads in a Stockholm sample. One had received mother-infant psychoanalytic treatment [mother-infant psychoanalytic therapies (MIP) group], and the other received Child Health Center care (CHCC group). Effects were found on mother-reported depression and expert-rated mother-infant relationship qualities and maternal sensitivity. When the children were 412 years, the dyads were followed up with assessments of the children's attachment representations, social and emotional development, and global functioning, and the mothers' psychological well-being and representations of the child as well as the mother-child interactions. We gathered data from 66 cases approximately 312 years' posttreatment. All scores involving the mothers had now approached community levels. We found effects on maternal depression in favor of MIP, but no other between-group differences. The MIP treatments seemed to have helped the mothers to recover more quickly on personal well-being, to become more sensitive to their babies' suffering, and to better support and appreciate their children throughout infancy and toddlerhood. If so, this would explain why the MIP children had a better global functioning and were more often \"OK\" and less often \"Troubled\" at 412 years.", "Optimal maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) is believed to be beneficial for infant well-being and dyadic interaction, but research is scarce in general and among risk populations. Our study involved dyads living in war conditions and examined how traumatic war trauma associates with MFA and which factors mediate that association. It also modeled the role of MFA in predicting newborn health, infant development, mother-infant interaction, and maternal postpartum mental health. Palestinian women from the Gaza Strip (N=511) participated during their second trimester (T1), and when their infants were 4 (T2) and 12 (T3) months. Mothers reported MFA (interaction with, attributions to, and fantasies about the fetus), social support, and prenatal mental health (post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety) at T1, newborn health at T2, and the postpartum mental health, infant's sensorimotor and language development, and mother-infant interaction (emotional availability) at T3. Results revealed, first, that war trauma was not directly associated with MFA but that it was mediated through a low level of social support and high level of maternal prenatal mental health problems. Second, intensive MFA predicted optimal mother-reported infant's sensorimotor and language development and mother-infant emotional availability but not newborn health or maternal postpartum mental health." ]

[ "Defects in BRCA1, BRCA2, and other members of the homologous recombination pathway have potential therapeutic relevance when used to support agents that introduce or exploit double-stranded DNA breaks. This study examines the association between homologous recombination defects and genomic patterns of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Ovarian tumours from two independent data sets were characterised for defects in BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51C, and LOH profiles were generated. Publically available data were downloaded for a third independent data set. The same analyses were performed on 57 cancer cell lines. Loss of heterozygosity regions of intermediate size were observed more frequently in tumours with defective BRCA1 or BRCA2 (P=10(-11)). The homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score was defined as the number of these regions observed in a tumour sample. The association between HRD score and BRCA deficiency was validated in two independent ovarian cancer data sets (P=10(-5) and 10(-29)), and identified breast and pancreatic cell lines with BRCA defects" ]

[ "Genetic changes in sporadic ovarian cancer are relatively poorly characterized compared with other tumor types. We have evaluated the use of high-resolution whole genome arrays for the genetic profiling of epithelial ovarian cancer. We have evaluated 31 primary ovarian cancers and matched normal DNA for loss of heterozygosity and copy number alterations using 500 K single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. In addition to identifying the expected large-scale genomic copy number changes, >380 small regions of copy number gain or loss (<500 kb) were identified among the 31 tumors, including 33 regions of high-level gain (>5 copies) and 27 homozygous deletions. The existence of such a high frequency of small regions exhibiting copy number alterations had not been previously suspected because earlier genomic array platforms lacked comparable resolution. Interestingly, many of these regions harbor known cancer genes. For example, one tumor harbored a 350-kb high-level amplification centered on FGFR1 and three tumors showed regions of homozygous loss 109 to 216 kb in size involving the RB1 tumor suppressor gene only", "Some biological features, such as amount of ascites and molecular tissue markers, have been found to correlate with debulking outcome in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). This study investigated whether proteins involved in nucleotide excision repair of EOC affected the debulking outcome. The relationship between dichotomised clinical characteristics, ERCC1 and XPD protein expression levels in 78 patients were tested by univariate and multivariate analysis to determine the independent significance of factors for debulking outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine their predictive value. Pre- and postoperative CA125, ascites, menopause, and ERCC1 protein all significantly correlated with debulking outcome. However, only ERCC1 was the only independent factor, with the area under the ROC curve being 0.724" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To analyse the correlation between tone burst auditory brainstem response (tone burst auditory brainstem response, tb-ABR) and CE-Chirp voice evoked auditory steady-state response (auditory steady-state response, CE-Chirp ASSR) in infants with profound sensorineural hearing loss.METHODS: A total of 45 infants with profound sensorineural hearing loss underwent threshold tone burst ABR and CE-Chirp ASSR of the frequency response test, response thresholds were recorded in 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz. Whether there was correlation or not existed between two methods were analyzed, SPSS 11.0 statistics software was used.RESULTS: Tone burst ABR and CE-Chirp ASSR could lead to different degrees of threshold in each frequency. Response e elicited threshold percentage mainly concentrated in the 91-100 dBnHL, correlation coefficient between 500-4 000 Hz response threshold elicited rate were: 0.837, 0.913, 0.909, and 0.919, respectively (P < 0.001). The difference of the frequency response threshold test between CE-Chirp ASSR and tone burst ABR were not significant (P > 0.05, Chi square).CONCLUSIONS: The tone burst ABR and CE-Chirp ASSR each frequency have different levels of residual hearing in infants with profound sensorineural hearing loss diagnosed by Click ABR, good correlation exists between tone burst ABR and CE-Chirp ASSR." ]

[ "This study investigated the performance of Frequency Specific Auditory Steady-State Response (FS-ASSR) detection elicited by the amplitude modulated tone with 2-order exponential envelope (AM2), using objective response detection (ORD) techniques of Spectral F-Test (SFT) and Magnitude Squared Coherence (MSC). ASSRs from 24 normal hearing adults were obtained during binaural multi-tone stimulation of amplitude-modulation (AM) and AM2 at intensities of 60, 45 and 30 dBSPL. The carrier frequencies were 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, modulated between 77 and 105 Hz. AM2 achieve FS-ASSR amplitudes higher than AM by 16%, 18% and 12% at 60, 45 and 30 dBSPL, respectively, with a major increase at 500 Hz (22.5%). AMS2PL increased the Detection Rate (DR) up to 8.3% at 500 Hz for 30 dBSPL, which is particularly beneficial for FS-ASSR detection near the hearing threshold. In addition, responses in 1000 and 4000 Hz were consistently increased. The MSC and SFT presented no differences in Detection Rate (DR). False Detection Rate (FDR) was close to 5% for both techniques and tones. Detection times to reach DR over 90% were 3.5 and 4.9 min at 60 and 45 dBSPL, respectively. Further investigation concerning efficient multiple FS-ASSR is still necessary, such as testing subjects with hearing loss.", "OBJECTIVES: To assess electrocochleography (ECochG) to tones as an instrument to account for CI speech perception outcomes in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD).MATERIALS & METHODS: Children (<18 years) receiving CIs for ANSD (n=30) and non-ANSD (n=74) etiologies of hearing loss were evaluated with ECochG using tone bursts (0.25-4kHz). The total response (TR) is the sum of spectral peaks of responses across frequencies. The compound action potential (CAP) and the auditory nerve neurophonic (ANN) in ECochG waveforms were used to estimate nerve activity and calculate nerve score. Performance on open-set monosyllabic word tests was the outcome measure. Standard statistical methods were applied.RESULTS: On average, TR was larger in ANSD than in non-ANSD subjects. Most ANSD (73.3%) and non-ANSD (87.8%) subjects achieved open-set speech perception; TR accounted for 33% and 20% of variability in the outcomes, respectively. In the ANSD group, the PTA accounted for 69.3% of the variability, but there was no relationship with outcomes in the non-ANSD group. In both populations, nerve score was sensitive in identifying subjects at risk for not acquiring open-set speech perception, while the CAP and the ANN were more specific.CONCLUSION: In both subject groups, the TRs correlated with outcomes but these measures were notably larger in the ANSD group. There was also strong correlation between PTA and speech perception outcome in ANSD group. In both subject populations, weaker evidence of neural activity was related to failure to achieve open-set speech perception." ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: To estimate the radiation dose reduction to the thyroid for an anterior oblique occlusal view from the use of a thyroid shield, compare this with the variation in thyroid dose resulting from differences in examination positioning and discuss the additional considerations associated with the use of a thyroid shield before making a recommendation on their routine use for this examination.METHODS: Doses to the oral mucosa, the salivary glands, the thyroid, the extrathoracic airways, the oesophagus and the lungs were directly measured for anterior oblique occlusal X-rays of a Rando phantom with and without a thyroid shield using strips of calibrated XRQA Gafchromic film. The examination was also simulated using Monte Carlo software for the without thyroid shield case for a comparison of the dose and to evaluate the dosimetric effect of suboptimal examination positioning.RESULTS: A 36% reduction in thyroid dose was measured as a result of thyroid shield use; the effective dose reduction is of the order of 22%. Suboptimal positioning was found to increase thyroid dose by a far more significant amount.CONCLUSIONS: Despite the reduction in thyroid dose, cost-benefit considerations mean that the purchase of a thyroid shield is only recommended where a very high number of anterior oblique occlusal views are undertaken. Optimization efforts for this examination are better focussed on training in examination positioning." ]

[ "Background: It is unclear whether variations in thyroid status within or near the reference range affect energy expenditure, body mass, or body composition.Methods: 138 subjects treated with levothyroxine (LT4) for hypothyroidism with normal TSH levels underwent measurement of total, resting, and physical activity energy expenditure; thermic effect of food; substrate oxidation; dietary intake; and body composition. They were assigned to receive an unchanged, higher, or lower LT4 dose in randomized, double-blind fashion, targeting one of three TSH ranges (0.34 to 2.50, 2.51 to 5.60, or 5.61 to 12.0 mU/L). The doses were adjusted every 6 weeks to achieve target TSH levels. Baseline measures were reassessed at 6 months.Results: At study end, the mean LT4 doses and TSH levels were 1.50 0.07, 1.32 0.07, and 0.78 0.08 g/kg (P < 0.001) and 1.85 0.25, 3.93 0.38, and 9.49 0.80 mU/L (P < 0.001), respectively, in the three arms. No substantial metabolic differences in outcome were found among the three arms, although direct correlations were observed between decreases in thyroid status and decreases in resting energy expenditure for all subjects. The subjects could not ascertain how their LT4 dose had been adjusted but the preferred LT4 dose they perceived to be higher (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Altering LT4 doses in subjects with hypothyroidism to vary TSH levels in and near the reference range did not have major effects on energy expenditure or body composition. Subjects treated with LT4 preferred the perceived higher LT4 doses despite a lack of objective effect. Our data do not support adjusting LT4 doses in patients with hypothyroidism to achieve potential improvements in weight or body composition.", "PURPOSE: To assess the underestimation of radiation dose to the thyroid of children undergoing contrast enhanced CT if contrast medium uptake is not taken into account.METHODS: 161 pediatric head, head & neck and chest CT examinations were retrospectively studied to identify those involving pre- and post-contrast imaging and thyroid inclusion in imaged volume. CT density of thyroid tissue in HU was measured in non-enhanced (NECT) and corresponding contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) images. Resulting CT number increase (HU) was recorded for each patient and corresponded to a % w/w iodine concentration. The relation of %w/w iodine concentration to %dose increase induced by iodinated contrast uptake was derived by Monte Carlo simulation experiments.RESULTS: The thyroid gland was visible in 11 chest and 3 neck CT examinations involving both pre- and post-contrast imaging. The %w/w concentration of iodine in the thyroid tissue at the time of CECT acquisition was found to be 0.13%-0.58% w/w (mean = 0.26%). The %increase of dose to thyroid tissue was found to be linearly correlated to%w/w iodine uptake. The increase in radiation dose to thyroid due to contrast uptake ranged from 12% to 44%, with a mean value of 23%.CONCLUSIONS: The radiation dose to the pediatric thyroid from CECT exposure may be underestimated by up to 44% if contrast medium uptake is not taken into account. Meticulous demarcation of imaged volume in pediatric chest CT examinations is imperative to avoid unnecessary direct exposure of thyroid, especially in CT examinations following intravenous administration of contrast medium." ]

[ " The reptilian brain, also known as the basal ganglia, is the part of your brain that keeps your heart beating, lungs breathing, basic motor control, and other automatic, reflexive, and instinctive behaviors. These parts are very similar among reptiles, birds, and mammals, and to a lesser degree, amphibians and fish. This indicates those features were present in a common ancestor.\n\nThe cerebrum is responsible for thinking and reasoning and is the part that becomes much larger and convoluted in more intelligent animals.", " A better way to say it would be \"This is the part of your brain that has changed very little and still has much of the same function as the equivalent area in other amniote tetrapods (everything that shares a common ancestor with both reptiles and us).\"\n\nThese are the areas of your brain that accomplish every deep, basic functions of homeostasis and very basic information processing. They haven't changed that much because they are already very well adapted for their complex function, and other parts of the brain have seen more changes in response to differing needs in organisms (in humans, for example, we have radically more cerebrum with a lot of folds to increase surface area because that's the primary area where our abstract and complex thoughts occur.)" ]

[ " Reptiles (Reptilia) no longer exist. The group (clade) is called sauropsida now. You can see it come from saurian who mean lezard in grec. Your question is legitimate because it's exactly why we switched the classification.\nSo vulgarized, yep, birds are reptiles or at least, they are related by an common ancestor.", " The left hemisphere of our brain generally controls the right side of our body, and vice-versa for the right hemisphere. \n\n\n\n\nThe brain can be divided into three sections. The R-Complex, the Limbic system, and the Neocortex. \n\n\n\n\nThe smallest is the R-Complex situated where the spine connects to our brain, overlapping that is the Limbic system, and overlapping that is the Neocortex. \n\n\n\n\nReptiles only have the R-Complex, it is sometimes referred to as the lizard brain. Mammals have both the R-Complex and the Limbic. Humans have the Neocortex. \n\n\n\n\nThe Neocortex is where language develops. Specifically in the left hemisphere. The right hemisphere focuses more on spacial awareness and motor control. A baby's language center develops faster than it's spacial awareness, an evolutionary advantage supported by how long human babies are allowed to develop before having to fend for themselves. \n\n\n\n\nSince the left hemisphere has more development early on than the right, babies tend to use their right hand more than their left." ]

[ "People standing with hats on their heads on a peak summer day." ]

[ "A man and a woman sleeping" ]

[ "For hybrid forms of the plant used to make tea for drinking, see Camellia sinensis. Rosa Peace. Hybrid tea is an informal horticultural classification for a group of garden roses. They were created by cross-breeding two types of roses, initially by hybridising Hybrid Perpetuals with Tea roses." ]

[ "1 Hybrid Tea and Grandiflora roses should be planted 30” to 36” apart. Each plant will cover an area of about 6 to 10 square feet. 2 Floribunda roses should be planted 24” to 30” apart. Each plant will cover an area of about 4 to 6 square feet. English roses should be planted 36” apart.", "Ideally roses need to be spaced close enough together that they fill the bed, yet far enough apart that they don't crowd each other. Most hybrid tea, grandiflora, and floribundas can be spaced 24 apart in frigid weather. If floribundas have a wide spreading habit they need to be spaced 30 apart." ]

[ "The aim of this work was to obtain an intranasal delivery system with improved mechanical and mucoadhesive properties that could provide prolonged retention time for the delivery of risedronate (RS). For this, novel in situ forming gels comprising thermo-responsive star-shaped polymers, utilizing either polyethylene glycol methyl ether (PEGMA-ME 188, Mn 188) or polyethylene glycol ethyl ether (PEGMA-EE 246, Mn 246), with polyethylene glycol methyl ether (PEGMA-ME 475, Mn 475), were synthesized and characterized. RS was trapped in the selected gel-forming solutions at a concentration of 0.2% w/v. The pH, rheological properties, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation as well as mucoadhesion were also examined. MTT assays were conducted to verify nasal tolerability of the developed formulations. Initial in vivo studies were carried out to evaluate anti-osteoporotic activity in a glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis model in rats. The results showed successful development of thermo-sensitive formulations with favorable mechanical properties at 37 C, which formed non-irritant, mucoadhesive porous networks, facilitating nasal RS delivery. Moreover, sustained release of RS, augmented permeability and marked anti-osteoporotic efficacy as compared to intranasal (IN) and intravenous (IV) RS solutions were realized. The combined results show that the in situ gels should have promising application as nasal drug delivery systems." ]

[ "The use of gastro-resistant risedronate, a convenient dosing regimen for oral bisphosphonate therapy, seems a cost-effective strategy compared with weekly alendronate, generic risedronate, and no treatment for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in France.INTRODUCTION: Gastro-resistant (GR) risedronate tablets are associated with improved persistence compared to common oral bisphosphonates but are slightly more expensive. This study assessed its cost-effectiveness compared to weekly alendronate and generic risedronate for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in France.METHODS: A previously validated Markov microsimulation model was used to estimate the lifetime costs (expressed in €2017) per quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) of GR risedronate compared with weekly alendronate, generic risedronate, and no treatment. Pooled efficacy data for bisphosphonates derived from a previous meta-analysis were used for all treatment options, and persistence data (up to 3years) were obtained from a large Australian longitudinal study. Evaluation was done for high-risk women 60-80years of age, with a bone mineral density (BMD) T-score ? - 2.5 and/or prevalent vertebral fractures.RESULTS: In all of the simulated populations, GR risedronate was cost-effective compared to alendronate, generic risedronate, and no treatment at a threshold of €60,000 per QALY gained. In women with a BMD T-score ? - 2.5 and prevalent vertebral fractures, the cost per QALY gained of GR risedronate compared to alendronate, generic risedronate, and no treatment falls below €20,000 per QALY gained. In women aged 75years and older, GR risedronate was even shown to be dominant (more QALYs, less costs) compared to alendronate, generic risedronate, and no treatment.CONCLUSION: This study provides the first economic results about GR risedronate, suggesting that it represents a cost-effective strategy compared with weekly alendronate and generic risedronate for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in France.", "Alginate was grafted with NIPAM and NHMAM successfully, and a new responsive copolymer, alginate-g-P(NIPAM-co-NHMAM), was obtained. A novel dual responsive polysaccharide-based aerogel with thermo/pH sensitive properties was designed from the copolymer as drug controlled release system. The chemical structure of the copolymer was characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. Lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the copolymer covered a wide temperature range from 27.6 C to 42.2 C, which could be adjusted with changing the ratio between NIPAM and NHMAM. The dual responsive aerogel had a three-dimensional network structure. As a drug controlled release system, the aerogel was high responsive to both temperature and pH with drug loading efficiency up to 13.24%. Above LCST, the aerogel had a faster drug release, and drug was completely released in neutral environment, while the drug release was obstructed in acid environment. Furthermore, the drug release mechanism of the aerogel was illuminated. These results indicated that the dual responsive aerogel was a promising candidate for drug carriers." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Croatia and Slovenia were the transit countries on the Balkan route for migrants and refugees from Middle East countries in 2015 and 2016. They had to optimize health care delivery in the special circumstances in refugee camps and transit centres. Little is known about health care provision in border camps where a large number of migrants stay for only couple of hours. Previous studies emphasize that language barriers and cultural differences play a central part in the relationship between health workers and migrants inside the transit zone. The aim of the study was to identify specific characteristics of health care provision experienced by primary healthcare providers in order to prepare solutions on how to organise health care in refugee settings.METHODS: Twelve thematic interviews were conducted in the middle of the most intense migration movements to the North-West Europe between November and December 2015 with health workers from Croatia and Slovenia. Interview transcripts were read, coded, reviewed, and labelled. We used qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: Four themes about the health service provision for refugees at Schengen border were identified. The circumstance when mutual understanding is poor and the consultation not successful, cultural differences represent a central barrier. Participants highlighted that the importance of respecting human dignity is crucial for the provision of basic medical care for migrants in transit.CONCLUSION: Successful overcoming language barriers, respecting cultural differences, humanity, susceptibility to social deprivation and traumatic experiences are the key factors important for organisation of health care in transit centers and camps. This article gives some useful tips for healthcare workers and policy makers who are participating in health services provision for migrants and other refugees. Health workers should be prepared to work in special working conditions with a lack of resources. Their work would require timely planning and reflection on the organization of more transit camps.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Ethical Committee of the Republic of Slovenia approved the study as a project number 112/02/16." ]

[ "This article reports findings from an applied case study of collaboration between a community-based organization staffed by community health workers/multicultural health brokers (CHWs/MCHBs) serving immigrants and refugees and a local public health unit in Alberta, Canada. In this study, we explored the challenges, successes and unrealized potential of CHWs/MCHBs in facilitating culturally responsive access to healthcare and other social services for new immigrants and refugees. We suggest that health equity for marginalized populations such as new immigrants and refugees could be improved by increasing the role of CHWs in population health programs in Canada. Furthermore, we propose that recognition by health and social care agencies and institutions of CHWs/MCHBs, and the role they play in such programs, has the potential to transform the way we deliver healthcare services and address health equity challenges. Such recognition would also benefit CHWs and the populations they serve.", "Health centers (HCs) funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration provide access to primary and preventive care to almost 26 million vulnerable or medically underserved people. Over half a million women receive prenatal care from those HCs annually, however little is known about their care. We used the 2014 Health Center Patient Survey and the 2013 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System to report on rates of 10 prenatal counseling measures among low-income HC patients, compared with their counterparts from the general U.S.POPULATION: A majority of HC patients reported receiving counseling, ranging from 70% to 88% depending on the measure. Health center patients are receiving similar or better care than their national counterparts for several measures of prenatal care counseling, including seatbelt use, physical abuse, smoking, and HIV testing. Rates of counseling are comparable across groups for screening tests, signs of preterm labor, and depression. However, there may be room for improvement in counseling HC patients regarding breastfeeding, alcohol, and safe medications." ]

[ "Broadleaf Plantains. Broadleaf plantain is a common broadleaf weed in lawns. It is a cool-season perennial weed found practically in any habitat. The leaves are arranged in a rosette and have prominent veins. dense, healthy stand of grass is the best way to reduce broadleaf weeds in home lawns. To achieve a healthy lawn, plant the best-adapted turfgrass species and use accepted turf management practices." ]

[ "Control broadleaf weeds and brush with Compare-N-Save 2, 4-D Amine broadleaf weed control concentrate. The 32 oz. concentrate provides selective weed control treatment for up to 1 acre in such areas as lawns, ornamental turf, drainage ditch banks, fence rows and rights-of-way.", "They are pesticides that kill broadleaf or “dicot” plants. They typically do not affect grasses and therefore are important tools in agriculture, forestry, landscaping, and right-of-way weed control.Many of the most widely used broadleaf herbicides are plant growth regulators (PGR) or synthetic auxins." ]

[ "The ruins of Hisham's Winter Palace are the other major reason visitors come to Jericho." ]

[ "The ruins of HIsham's Winter Palace are the only reason tourists come to Jericho." ]

[ "What it tests. The amount of shoulder external rotation, assessing the capsule and joint (to allow passive motion) and the posterior cuff (to power active motion) How to do it. Stand in front of the patient. Ask them to keep their elbow at the side and point their hand at you (in gunslinger pose). Have the elbow flexed at 90. Ask the patient to externally rotate the hand as far as possible with the elbow held against the trunk. Repeat this assessment with passive motion and compare." ]

[ "Internal Rotation Internal rotation exercises such as the dumbbell internal shoulder rotation on a bench is a good example of the motion required to pull the arm and shoulder inward toward the center of your body. Lying on your right side on a bench, hold a weight in your right hand, elbow bent and hand level with the bench.", "Internal Rotation. Internal rotation exercises such as the dumbbell internal shoulder rotation on a bench is a good example of the motion required to pull the arm and shoulder inward toward the center of your body. Lying on your right side on a bench, hold a weight in your right hand, elbow bent and hand level with the bench." ]

[ "Maximum disk size: 4 gigabytes. Maximum file size: 4 gigabytes. Maximum number of files on disk: 65,517. Maximum number of files in a single folder: 512 (if I recall correctly, the root folder / had a lower limit of 128). FAT32. There's no practical limit on the combined sizes of all the files in a folder, though there may be limits on the number of files in a folder.." ]

[ "Convert to EPS Help! The maximum document file size for uploads in this free user is 10 MB. Member Support most large files for 1G. If you do not have an account yet, please [SIGN UP]. Registration is completely free.", "Specifies the maximum total disk space, in gigabytes, that may be used for temporary storage. Its default value is 40 gigabytes, and its smallest permissible value is 4. Client storage limit. Specifies the maximum disk space, in megabytes, that may be allocated for temporary storage for a single client." ]

[ "Internal hordeolum: A stye inside your eyelid. Most are caused by an infection in an oil-producing gland in your eyelid. You can also get a stye if you have blepharitis. This is a condition that makes your eyelids at the base of the eyelashes red and swollen. When you first get a stye, your eyelid is probably red and tender to the touch.", "Styes are usually caused by infections of the oil glands in the eyelid. Very frequently, they are infected by bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus bacteria. Seborrhea (excessive oily discharge from the glands) may increase the likelihood of developing one of these infections." ]

[ "Posterior blepharitis is a condition that results from a dysfunction of the eye's tiny oil. glands (meibomian glands) in the eyelids at the base of the eyelashes. When. meibomian glands become clogged from posterior blepharitis, it can also cause a stye. or chalazion to form.", "With a stye, you may notice frequent watering in the affected eye, increased light sensitivity and a feeling like something is in your eye (eye doctors call this a foreign body sensation). Save 10-30% off your eye exam using the BenefitsPal™ card." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the development of stress from polymerization of light-cured dental resin composites for 24 hours after irradiation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initial cracks were made near the edge of a cylindrical hole in glass, and crack lengths were measured. Revolution Formula 2, Kalore and Venus Diamond were polymerized in the hole. Crack lengths were measured at several intervals after irradiation up to 24 hours. Stresses at the composite-glass interface were calculated using the crack lengths. Elastic moduli of the composites were measured at the same time intervals.RESULTS: Interfacial stress and elastic modulus were significantly related to material and time. Stress continued to increase up to 12 hours after irradiation. Significantly lower stresses were measured in Kalore and Venus Diamond than Revolution Formula 2 throughout 24 hours. Stress at 24 hours was two times greater than the stress at 30 minutes. The increase in elastic modulus from 30 minutes to 24 hours ranged from 8 to 24%, which was less than the increase in stress over the same time period.CONCLUSIONS: Interfacial stress and elastic modulus of the composites demonstrated the average increases of 155% and 14%, respectively, from 30 minutes to 24 hours after irradiation.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Since the elastic modulus is a measure of stiffness and resistance to load, clinicians might consider advising their patients to avoid heavy occlusal function until the elastic modulus has reached a plateau, which would be 60 minutes for Venus Diamond, 12 hours for Kalore, and 24 hours for Revolution Formula 2." ]

[ "PURPOSE: To unravel the role of the vasculature in radiation-induced brain tissue damage.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postnatal day 14 mice received a single dose of 10 Gy cranial irradiation and were sacrificed 6 h, 24 h or 7 days post-irradiation. Endothelial cells were isolated from the hippocampus and cerebellum using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, followed by cell cycle analysis and gene expression profiling.RESULTS: Flow cytometric analysis revealed that irradiation increased the percentage of endothelial cells, relative to the whole cell population in both the hippocampus and the cerebellum. This change in cell distribution indicates that other cell types are more susceptible to irradiation-induced cell death, compared to endothelial cells. This was supported by data showing that genes involved in endothelial cell-specific apoptosis (e.g. Smpd1) were not induced at any time point investigated but that genes involved in cell-cycle arrest (e.g. Cdkn1a) were upregulated at all investigated time points, indicating endothelial cell repair. Inflammation-related genes, on the other hand, were strongly induced, such as Ccl2, Ccl11 and Il6.CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that endothelial cells are relatively resistant to ionizing radiation but that they play an active, hitherto unknown, role in the inflammatory response after irradiation. In the current study, this was shown in both the hippocampus, where neurogenesis and extensive cell death after irradiation occurs, and in the cerebellum, where neurogenesis no longer occurs at this developmental age.", "While ionizing radiation is a major form of cancer therapy, radioresistance remains a therapeutic obstacle. We have previously shown that the mandated housing temperature for laboratory mice (?22C) induces mild, but chronic, cold stress resulting in increased circulating norepinephrine, which binds to, and triggers activation of, beta-adrenergic receptors (-AR) on tumor and immune cells. This adrenergic signaling increases tumor cell intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy and suppression of the anti-tumor immune response. These findings led us to hypothesize that adrenergic stress signaling increases radioresistance in tumor cells in addition to suppressing T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, thus suppressing the overall sensitivity of tumors to radiation. We used three strategies to test the effect of adrenergic signaling on responsiveness to radiation. For one strategy, mice implanted with CT26 murine colon adenocarcinoma were housed at either 22C or at thermoneutrality (30C), which reduces physiological adrenergic stress. For a second strategy, we used a -AR antagonist (\"beta blocker\") to block adrenergic signaling in mice housed at 22C. In either case, tumors were then irradiated with a single 6 Gy dose and the response was compared to mice whose adrenergic stress signaling was not reduced. For the third strategy, we used an in vitro approach in which several different tumor cell lines were treated with a -AR agonist and irradiated, and cell survival was then assessed by clonogenic assay. Overall, we found that adrenergic stress significantly impaired the anti-tumor efficacy of radiation by inducing tumor cell resistance to radiation-induced cell killing and by suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Treatment using beta blockers is a promising strategy for increasing the anti-tumor efficacy of radiotherapy." ]

[ "Obesity is associated with metabolic derangement and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Macrophages are involved in liver inflammation and fibrosis, and soluble (s)CD163 is a macrophage activation marker. To associate sCD163 with parameters of paediatric obesity and NAFLD, as well as changes in these parameters during lifestyle intervention. We studied 117 obese children during a 10-week lifestyle intervention; 71 completed the 12-month follow-up. We recorded clinical and biochemical data, and performed liver ultrasonography. Baseline sCD163 was higher in children with elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) (2.3 ± 0.7 vs. 2.0 ± 0.6 mg L(-1), P = 0.03), steatosis (2.3 ± 0.7 vs. 2.0 ± 0.6 mg L(-1), P = 0.01) and high paediatric NAFLD fibrosis index (2.3 ± 0.7 vs. 1.9 ± 0.6 mg L(-1) , P = 0.03). Baseline sCD163 was independently associated with ALT, cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The change in sCD163 during lifestyle intervention was associated with changes in ALT, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hs-CRP and cholesterol, and inversely associated with the change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol" ]

[ "condition of hypoxia caused by hypertrophy of adipose cells in obesity triggers macrophages recruitment and production of cytokines. Additionally, high consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and high glycemic index meals may contribute to oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation by increases NF-kB activation. Thus, the aim of the study was to analyze the contribution of the macronutrients intake in the metabolic and inflammatory profile, by levels of lipoproteins, insulin resistance, anti and pro inflammatory cytokines, in obese adolescents according the gender. sample was composed by 37 adolescents, both genders, identified as obese by body mass index (BMI). Body composition was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and measures of intra-abdominal adiposity (IAAT) and subcutaneous adiposity tissue (SAT) were done by ultrasound. Biochemical analyses were done and the measurement of cytokines; fatty acids and insulin were performed by the technique of immunoassay ELISA. The estimation of macronutrients consumption was made by 3 day food register regarding food intake. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 5% and the statistical software SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) performed all analyses", "Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is often accompanied by pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory processes. Lifestyle modification (LiSM) may act as primary treatment for these processes. This study aimed to elucidate influencing factors on changes of malondialdehyde (MDA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations after a LiSM intervention. Sixty subjects (53 yrs, 84% women) clinically approved to attend a 20 weeks LiSM-program were submitted to weekly nutritional counseling and physical activities combining aerobic (3 times/week) and resistance (2 times/week) exercises. Before and after intervention they were assessed for anthropometric, clinical, cardiorespiratory fitness test (CRF) and laboratory markers. Statistical analyses performed were multiple regression analysis and backward stepwise with p<0.05 and R(2) as influence index. LiSM was responsible for elevations in CRF, healthy eating index (HEI), total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAP) and HDL-C along with reductions in waist circumference measures and MetS (47-40%) prevalence. MDA and CRP did not change after LiSM, however, we observed that MDA concentrations were positively influenced (R(2)=0.35) by fasting blood glucose (β=0.64) and HOMA-IR (β=0.58) whereas CRP concentrations were by plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity (β=0.54; R(2)=0.29)" ]

[ "Xylem vulnerability to embolism represents an essential trait for the evaluation of the impact of hydraulics in plant function and ecology. The standard centrifuge technique is widely used for the construction of vulnerability curves, although its accuracy when applied to species with long vessels remains under debate. We developed a simple diagnostic test to determine whether the open-vessel artefact influences centrifuge estimates of embolism resistance. Xylem samples from three species with differing vessel lengths were exposed to less negative xylem pressures via centrifugation than the minimum pressure the sample had previously experienced. Additional calibration was obtained from non-invasive measurement of embolism on intact olive plants by X-ray microtomography. Results showed artefactual decreases in hydraulic conductance (k) for samples with open vessels when exposed to a less negative xylem pressure than the minimum pressure they had previously experienced. X-Ray microtomography indicated that most of the embolism formation in olive occurs at xylem pressures below -4.0 MPa, reaching 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity at -5.3 MPa. The artefactual reductions in k induced by centrifugation underestimate embolism resistance data of species with long vessels. A simple test is suggested to avoid this open vessel artefact and to ensure the reliability of this technique in future studies." ]

[ "Aroma profile, oxidative stability and quality parameters of virgin olive oil from four cultivars (Chemlali, Chetoui, Koroneiki and Rjim), grown in Rjim Maatoug oasis in southern of Tunisia, were studied for the first time. The olive oil samples were obtained during maturation from a crop season (2012-2013). The results showed the quality parameters, i.e., free fatty acid, UV absorbance at 232 and 270 nm, increases during maturation exceeding the upper limit established by the IOOC norm. Chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments tended to decrease during ripening stages. The trend of oxidative stability, total phenols and Odiphenols exhibited a reduction of antioxidant activity at more advanced stages of maturity. The marks achieved showed that oil quality degradation is due to the great drought of climate: high temperature, high light intensity and low rainfall. Studied aroma profiles of cultivars were also influenced by severe climatic conditions. Twenty-four compounds were characterized, representing 94.8-99.8% of the total volatiles. In all samples, a strong decrease was observed in aldehydes compounds.", "Olives can be contaminated with a wide variety of molds (Aspergillus and/or Penicillium) that can be occurring naturally on fresh and processed olives and could support mycotoxin production. The aim of this work was to investigate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by fungi and its bioaccumulation in olives during storage and to study the impact of the application of Lactobacillus plantarum on the inhibition of mold development and production of AFB1. Two different treatments were applied: (i) olives with natural microflora and (ii) olives inoculated with Aspergillus flavus after elimination of natural microflora. AFB1 has been extracted from olives and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography using a fluorescence detector. Results showed the absence of this metabolite in the olives for the season 2008 to 2009. In 2009 to 2010, AFB1 was detected at the level of 11 g/kg. The application of L. plantarum during the storage of olives favors the reduction of the level of AFB1 to 5.9 g/kg correlated with a decrease in the amount of molds (86.3%). The images obtained by environmental scanning electron microscopy showed that L. plantarum was able to adhere to the olive surface and probably produce a biofilm that inhibits the multiplication of yeast and fungi by oxygen competition. Results showed an increase of antioxidant activity and amount of total phenolic compounds of olives, respectively, by 24 and 8.6%. In many olives contaminated with A. flavus, AFB1 was present at an initial level of 5.15 g/kg and increased to 6.55 g/kg after 8 days of storage. The biological detoxification of AFB1 in olives by L. plantarum is confirmed by the reduction of the level of AFB1 to 2.12 g/kg on day 0 and its absence after 4 days of storage." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Seatbelt use, alone and in conjunction with an airbag, is associated with lower risk of mortality, blunt abdominal trauma and kidney injury in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). However, the effect of these protective devices on risk of severe liver injury is not well characterised.METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patient admissions with liver injuries from MVCs from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), collected from 2010 to 2015 in the USA. We examined associations between injury severity and seatbelt use and airbag presence individually and in the presence of additive interaction. Secondary outcomes were mortality, complications and discharge disposition.RESULTS: We analysed 55 543 records from the National Trauma Data Bank. In adjusted analysis, seatbelt use alone was protective against severe (AAST VI or above) hepatic injury (risk ratio (RR) 0.79, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.84), while airbag presence alone was not (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.12). The joint association of seatbelt use and airbag presence with injury severity was greater than seatbelts alone (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.79), with 13% of the joint lower risk attributable to interaction (95% CI 3% to 24%). The adjusted mortality risk of those without protective devices (10.3%, n=2297) was nearly double that of patients who used a seatbelt in conjunction with a present airbag (5.3%, n=699, p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Seatbelts are associated with lower liver injury severity and are more protective with airbags present, while airbags without seatbelt use were not protective against severe injury among patients with liver injury." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The combination of pneumoperitoneum and intraoperative retraction of the left lobe of the liver leads to hepatocellular injury during laparoscopic gastric surgery. Fatty livers are more susceptible to ischaemic insults. This trial investigated whether the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced liver injury during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).METHODS: Patients undergoing LSG were randomised (single blinded) to receive intraoperative NAC infusion or standard anaesthetic treatment. Blood samples were taken before and after surgery (days 0 to 4). Primary endpoints included serum aminotransferases. Secondary measures were C-reactive protein, weight cell count (WCC), cytokines (interleukin 6 and 10) and cytokeratin-18 as markers of apoptosis. Intraoperative liver biopsy samples were assessed using a locally developed injury score.RESULTS: Twenty patients (14 females, mean age 44.5 (SEM  2.9) years, mean BMI 60.8 (SEM  2.4) kg/m(2)) were recruited (NAC n = 10, control n = 10). The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis. Baseline liver function was similar. The peak rise in liver enzymes was on day 1, but levels were not significantly different between the groups. Rates of complications and length of stay were not significantly different. Secondary outcome measures, including white cell count (WCC), cytokines and cytokeratin (CK)-18 fragments, were not different between groups. Liver injury scores did not differ significantly.CONCLUSIONS: NAC did not reduce intraoperative liver injury in this small number of patients. The heterogenous nature of the study population, with differences in co-morbidities, body mass index and intraabdominal anatomy, leads to a varied post-operative inflammatory response. Significant hepatocyte injury occurs through both necrosis and apoptosis.", "Previous studies have demonstrated that hydrogen-rich saline (HS) protects against bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. Mitochondria, which are targets of excessive reactive oxygen species and central mediators of apoptosis, have a pivotal role in hepatic injury during obstructive jaundice (OJ); however, the implications of HS in the hepatic mitochondria of BDL mice remain unknown. The present study investigated the hypothesis that HS could reduce OJ‑induced liver injury through the protection of mitochondrial structure and function, as well as inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups: Sham operation group, BDL injury with normal saline (NS) treatment group, and BDL‑injury with HS treatment group. Mitochondrial damage and apoptotic parameters were determined 3 days post‑BDL injury and treatment. The results demonstrated that mitochondria isolated from the livers of NS-treated BDL mice exhibited increased mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, and oxidative damage. In addition, liver samples from NS‑treated BDL mice exhibited significant increases in B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein expression, caspase activities, and hepatocyte apoptosis compared with livers from sham‑operated controls. Notably, treatment with HS reduced the levels of these markers and alleviated morphological defects in the mitochondria following injury. In addition, HS markedly increased the antioxidant potential of mitochondria, as evidenced by elevated adenosine triphosphate levels, mitochondrial respiratory function, and increased levels of active Bcl‑2. In conclusion, HS attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction, and inhibits mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in the livers of BDL mice." ]

[ "To compare the efficacy of two surgical techniques for controllong nasal width after Le Fort I osteotomy. Fifty-five patients who received the Le Fort I osteotomy have been included in this study. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group received extraoral ABS, and the control group received traditional intraoral ABS. 3D photos of the patient's face were taken before operation and at postoperative 3 months. Alar width was measured on the 3D photos. Data was reported as means and standard deviations, and statistic analysis was done by using student t test. Compared with presurgical data, G. lat-G. lat increased by (2.66 +/- 1.47) mm, Al-Al increased by (2.20 +/- 1.22) mm and Sbal-Sbal increased by (1.30 +/- 1.33) mm in experimental group. G. lat-G. lat increased by (1.38 +/- 1.29) mm, Al-Al increased by (1.06 +/- 0.95) mm and Sbal-Sbal increased by (0.36 +/- 1.33) mm in the control group. There was significant difference between two groups" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: To evaluate the nasolabial soft tissue change three-dimensionally after orthognathic surgery, using a structured light scanner.METHODS: Thirty-two malocclusion patients, who underwent orthognathic surgery, were evaluated. CBCT and 3D facial scans were obtained before surgery and 3 months after surgery. The 3D changes in the 26 landmarks, and the relative ratio of the soft tissue movement to the bony movement, were evaluated.RESULTS: In the Le Fort I advancement patients, the nasal tip moved 17% forward, compared to the maxillary bony movement, but the nasal prominence decreased 15%. The alar width increased 4 mm after the advancement, and the width decreased 4.7 mm after Le Fort I setback. The relative ratio of the soft tissue movement to the bony movement after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy was about 66% at the Li point in the anteroposterior direction, and it was 21% in the Le Fort I advancement and 14% in Le Fort I setback at the Ls point.CONCLUSION: Alar cinch suturing may not be sufficient to overcome the effect of the maxilla advancement compressing the nasal complex. Alar width widening was prevented in Le Fort I setback. However, it is uncertain that the alar cinch suturing was solely responsible. The soft tissue around the mandible tends to accompany the bony movement more than the maxillary area. In addition, structured light scanning system proved to be a useful tool to evaluate the nasolabial soft tissue.", "OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of inferior turbinate reduction on nasal function.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 patients who underwent septorhinoplasty (SRP) operation were included in the study and assigned into 2 groups as group I who received inferior turbinate reduction during SRP operation consisted of 17 patients and the group II who consisted of 15 patients without inferior turbinate reduction. For 2 groups before and after surgery, visual analogue score and findings of the acoustic rhinometry were recorded both before and after decongestion of the nasal mucosa.RESULTS: Postoperative mean visual analogue scale (VAS) scores revealed a statistically significant reduction compared with preoperative values on right and left side of the nasal cavity, both before and after topical decongestion in group I (P < 0.005). Also in group II, the differences of VAS scores for both sides before and after topical decongestion were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Postoperatively, the increase of the volume measurements at the level of pyriform sin?s (VOL2) value on the right side of the nasal cavity before and after decongestion and volume measurements at the level of the nasal valve (VOL1) values on both sides after topical decongestion were found to be statistically significant in group I. When the VAS scores and acoustic rhinometry measurements of group I and group II patients were compared the difference, for before and after topical decongestion, postoperative mean MCA1 (minimal cross-sectional area at the level of the nasal valve) values for left side and right side of nasal cavity were higher in group I than group II and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: As a result, in the SRP operations, turbinoplasty should be implemented by taking into account the function as well as aesthetic concern. Similar results were obtained in other studies that were carried on." ]

[ "Electronic health records (EHR) are becoming increasingly integrated into the clinical environment. With the rapid proliferation of EHRs, a number of studies document an increase in adverse patient safety issues due to the EHR-user interface. Because of these issues, greater attention has been placed on novel educational activities which incorporate use of the EHR. The ICU environment presents many challenges to integrating an EHR given the vast amounts of data recorded each day, which must be interpreted to deliver safe and effective care. We have used a novel EHR based simulation exercise to demonstrate that everyday users fail to recognize a majority of patient safety issues in the ICU. We now sought to determine whether participation in the simulation improves recognition of said issues. Two ICU cases were created in our EHR simulation environment. Each case contained 14 safety issues, which differed in content but shared common themes. Residents were given 10 minutes to review a case followed by a presentation of management changes. Participants were given an immediate debriefing regarding missed issues and strategies for data gathering in the EHR. Repeated testing was performed in a cohort of subjects with the other case at least 1 week later" ]

[ "Due to the negative impact on decision-making too steep authority gradients in teams represent a risk factor for patient safety. As residents and nursing staff may fear sanctions they may be reluctant to forward critical information to or challenge planned actions of attending physicians. In the setting of a simulation course it was investigated whether and to what extent team members would challenge decisions of familiar attending physicians. In each case where participants did not voice an opinion the underlying motives for the behavior were investigated. A total of 59 physicians and 18 nursing staff participated in the scenario. During a rapid sequence induction they were confronted with 7 critical situations created by the attending physician who had been instructed by the simulation team. Recommendations of the German Society of Anaesthesiology were ignored as well as clinical standard operating procedures (SOPs) and two potentially fatal drug administrations were ordered. An attempt was made to determine whether team members were aware of the safety threat at all and if so how they would solve the resulting conflicts. The level of verbal challenge was scored. During debriefing participants were asked to verbalize the motives which they thought might account for their silence or level of challenge", "BACKGROUND: Introducing patient safety and quality improvement science to medical students is integral to improving healthcare. However, developing and implementing a patient safety curriculum can be challenging in a medical school curriculum that is already densely packed. Our aim was to develop and evaluate the impact of a workshop introducing patient safety and quality improvement science to a large class of first-year medical students.METHOD: As a part of an evolving longitudinal patient safety curriculum, an introductory workshop on patient safety was integrated into an anatomy course. A high impact event (a simulated \"retained sponge\" discovery during an anatomy dissection lab) was used to introduce medical error. The educational session which followed consisted of a presentation by an interprofessional team utilizing the retained sponge as example of an error. Use of safety tools was introduced and quality improvement science was discussed using the evolution of methods to decrease retained foreign objects during surgery. A patient's story told by a close family member about the personal impact of medical errors was presented. Students then participated in an interactive breakout activity and completed a module on safety. The impact of the workshop was assessed through pre- and post- session tests.RESULTS: Quantitative and qualitative evaluation reflected a positive effect of the session in improving students' safety knowledge and attitudes. Students' mean total knowledge improved from 7.58 to 8.98 (p = 0.000). Mean total attitudes score improved from 47.73 to 50.56 (p = 0.000). Students' comments after the workshop reflected increased awareness and appreciation of the importance of addressing medical errors.CONCLUSION: A workshop introducing patient safety and quality improvement to first year medical students improved knowledge and attitudes regarding safety and increased awareness of the importance of addressing medical errors in their future careers. Integrating patient safety education into an existing foundational science course is a model for teaching patient safety at other medical schools." ]

[ "So if you want to know how to cook edamame, here are the few easy steps. 1 Rinse your Edamame before using. 2 Prepare your pot and fill it with water. 3 Add salt. Now, add in a pound of fresh 1 pods. Let it cook for 3 to 5 minutes. Drain and spread on a baking sheet to cool for a few 1 minutes. When cool, you are ready to eat!" ]

[ "Directions. 1 Saute onion and garlic in bacon grease. 2 Add tomatoes and water. 3 Drop in chile pod (do not remove skin). 4 Bring to a boil, lower heat and simmer until tomatoes and chile pod cook to a mush, approx one hour. 5 Sieve through a collander or puree in a blender (textures will differ accordingly). 6 Return to sauce pan.", "Instructions. 1 Place peas in the bowl of a food processor or mini chopper and pulse until the peas are smooth. 2 Transfer peas into a medium bowl and add lime juice, tomato, onion, jalapeño, garlic, salt, and black pepper. 3 Add avocado chunks to the bowl and mix well, mashing the avocado as you stir." ]

[ "I can understand your concern regarding the effectiveness of the mentioned antibiotics to eradicate the staphylococcus aureus infection. Well, based on the culture and sensitivity of the white discharge the most commonly used and effective antibiotics are Flucloxacillin or Clindamycin. Metronidazole is effective in mixed bacterial infections, whereas Erythromycin is less effective in the treatment of staphylococcal infections." ]

[ "I can understand your concern. She may have upper respiratory tract infection. Augmenting or azithromycin is useful. Pantoprazole is given along with these antibiotics to avoid gastric side effects. Warm saline water gargle are very useful. Consult your doctor and take treatment accordingly.", "The pain in lower abdomen along with backache with associated history you have provided is suggestive of PID meaning pelvic inflammatory disease. Ultrasonography and actual per-vaginal examination will prove this. Get a course of an antibiotic with metronidazole to get a complete relief. If you have a sex-partner, he too needs to take the same treatment. Review ultrasonography after one week to see the results. If there is no relief, further tests needs to be done under the guidance of your Gynecologist. Diagnostic Laparoscopy may be required" ]

[ "Hemangiomas are the most common vascular tumors that occur frequently in prematures and females. microRNA (miR)-130a is associated with the growth and invasion in many tumors, and its role in hemangiomas has not been addressed so far. The present study revealed that miR‑130a was overexpressed in infantile hemangioma tissues compared with matched tumor-adjacent tissues. The inhibitor of miR-130a restrained cell growth and induced cell apoptosis invitro. miR‑130a inhibitor also induced a cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Further studies revealed that tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) was a novel miR-130a target, due to miR-130a bound directly to its 3'-untranslated region and miR-130a inhibitor enhanced the expression of TFPI2. Contrary to the effects of miR-130a inhibitor, TFPI2 siRNA strongly promoted cell growth and colony formation, whereas TFPI2 overexpression contributed to the suppressing effect of miR-130a inhibitor in cell viability. Furthermore, miR-130a inhibitor reduced the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Rac1/anti-mouse double minute (mdm2) pathway proteins, inhibited the expression and nuclear translocation of mdm2. Moreover, FAK overexpression prevented miR-130a inhibitor-induced cell cycle arrest and decrease of cell viability. Invivo experiments, miR-130a inhibition effectively suppressed the tumor growth, restrained angiogenesis by decreasing the expression of angiogenesis markers and the percentage of CD31+ and CD34+. Taken together, our research indicated that miR-130a functions as an oncogene by targeting TFPI2, miR-130a inhibition reduced the growth and angiogenesis of hemangioma by inactivating the FAK/PI3K/Rac1/mdm2 pathway. Thus, miR-130a may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hemangioma." ]

[ "The ability of a molecular beacon to detect miR-132, a microRNA associated with the childhood cancer neuroblastoma, is reported in solution and within live cells. The stem-loop structure comprises a sequence complementary to miR-132, modified with a 6-FAM dye and dabcyl quencher on either end. In the absence of the target, self-binding occurs bringing the luminophore and quencher into close proximity, significantly decreasing the emission intensity. In the presence of miR-132, the signal is greatly enhanced, with a linear increase in intensity for mole ratios of beacon-to-target between 0.25 and 2.00. The structure differentiates between target and mismatched nucleic acid sequences, e.g., in the presence of a single-base mismatch, no increase in emission intensity beyond the background is observed. The stem-loop can be introduced into neuroblastoma cancer cells by electroporation, allowing miR-132 to be imaged within live cells. miR-132 appears to be localized within the nucleus of the cells, where its concentration is of the order of 1 M. Significantly, transfection of the cells with a miR-132 mimic causes the emission intensity to more than double, demonstrating the sensitivity of the approach to changes in miR-132 concentration in live cells. This behavior opens up significant theranostic applications, such as the possibility of rapidly identifying retinoic acid resistant patients as well as providing a means to monitor therapeutic efficacy.", "Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of renal tumor, which has a poor prognosis. Improvements in understanding the underlying molecular biology of RCC has led to systemic treatments, which have markedly improved patient outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary and worthwhile to identify novel biomarkers for RCC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be important in a wide range of biological and pathological processes, including cell differentiation, migration, growth, proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. Aberrant expression of miRNA‑130b has previously been reported in tumors, however, its role in RCC remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the upregulation of miR‑130b was observed in RCC tissues and cell lines using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, which was consistent with previous microRNA profiling in RCC. Furthermore, the effects of miR‑130b on cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis were examined using a wound scratch assay, an MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. The results demonstrated that the downregulation of miR‑130b by a synthesized inhibitor inhibited cell migration, suppressed cell proliferation and induced RCC cell apoptosis. The present study was the first, to the best of our knowledge, to suggest that miR‑130b may be a promising biomarker for diagnosis and a therapeutic target for the treatment of RCC. Further investigations are required to examine the roles and target genes of miR‑130b in RCC." ]

[ "Micromax CEO Deepak Mehrotra has resigned and joined the media group Pearson as the Managing Director of its India business, reports The Hindu Business Line." ]

[ "Press Release. Honeywell Names Tim Mahoney President and CEO of Honeywell Aerospace. MORRIS TOWNSHIP, N.J., September 3, 2009 -- Honeywell (NYSE: HON) today announced that Tim Mahoney has been named President and CEO of its $11 billion Aerospace business, effective immediately. Mahoney will report to Honeywell’s Chairman and CEO Dave Cote.", "Cliff Wood , , , EVP, Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Wood was promoted to chief operating officer of CarMax in 2016. He assumed the role of executive vice president, stores in 2012, where he was responsible for all sales, service, merchandising, and business office functions. Previously, he was promoted to senior vice president, stores." ]

[ "INTRODUCTION: Decompression sickness (DCS) results from the formation of bubbles within the tissues and blood in response to a reduction in environmental pressure. Venous gas emboli (VGE) are common after diving and are usually only present in small numbers. Greater VGE numbers are an indication of decompression stress, and can be reliably detected using ultrasound imaging.AIM: To examine the relationship between production of VGE following a routine dive and the risk of DCS.METHODS: A matched population of divers with and without a history of DCS were monitored for the production of VGE at 15-minute intervals using ultrasound, following a 405 kPa air dive in a hyperbaric chamber using the DCIEM air decompression table. VGE production was graded using a validated grading system and the data analysed to compare maximum VGE grade and duration of VGE formation.RESULTS: Eleven divers with a history of DCS were compared with 13 divers with no history of DCS. Divers with a history of DCS demonstrated both a higher maximum grade (P=0.04) and longer duration (P=0.002) of VGE production compared to divers without a history of DCS.CONCLUSION: Higher maximum VGE grades and longer durations of VGE following decompression were associated with a history of DCS and, in particular, musculoskeletal DCS. Although the exact mechanism of DCS remains poorly understood, our data suggest some individuals are inherently more prone to develop VGE, increasing the probability of DCS. Modification of diving practices in those with high VGE grades could potentially decrease DCS risk in these individuals." ]

[ "Cerebral air embolism is a rare, yet potentially fatal condition. We present a case of retrograde cerebral venous air emboli arising from the hepatic portal venous system, secondary to a mesenteric infarction. A 69-year-old man with a history of gastrointestinal amyloidosis presented with fever and lethargy. Computed tomography of the brain detected multiple foci of air in the right frontal, fronto-parietal, and left lateral frontal sulci consistent with cerebral venous air emboli. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed moderate thickening and dilatation of the small bowel with diffuse scattered intestinal pneumatosis suggestive of mesenteric infarction with resultant extensive intrahepatic portal venous air. The patient was deemed a poor candidate for surgical intervention and died as a result of septic shock. We believe the cerebral venous air emboli was a result of retrograde flow of air arising from the hepatic venous air ascending via the inferior and superior vena cava to the cerebral venous system. To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of retrograde cerebral venous air embolism arising from hepatic portal venous system secondary to mesenteric infarction. The clinical significance and prognosis in this setting requires further investigation.", "A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is linked to increased risk of decompression illness in divers. One theory is that venous gas emboli crossing the PFO can be minimized by avoiding lifting, straining and Valsalva maneuvers. Alternatively, we hypothesized that mild increases in external inspiratory and expiratory resistance, similar to that provided by a SCUBA regulator, recruit the PFO. Nine healthy adults with a Valsalva-proven PFO completed three randomized trials (inspiratory, expiratory, and combined external loading) with six levels of increasing external resistance (2-20cmH2 O/L/sec). An agitated saline contrast echocardiogram was performed at each level to determine foramen ovale patency. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no relationship between the number of subjects recruiting their PFO and the level of external resistance. In fact, at least 50% of participants recruited their PFO during 14 of 18 trials and there was no difference between the combined inspiratory, expiratory, or combined external resistance trials (P>0.05). We further examined the relationship between PFO recruitment and intrathoracic pressure, estimated from esophageal pressure. Esophageal pressure was not different between participants with and without a recruited PFO. Intrasubject variability was the most important predictor of PFO patency, suggesting that some individuals are more likely to recruit their PFO in the face of even mild external resistance. Right-to-left bubble passage through the PFO occurs in conditions that are physiologically relevant to divers. Transthoracic echocardiography with mild external breathing resistance may be a tool to identify divers that are at risk of PFO-related decompression illness." ]

[ "Phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) synthetase is a promising target for the development of new anti-mycobacterium compounds. We previously reported that myo-inositol 1-methylenephosphonate showed inhibitory activity against PIP synthetase. Herein, we report the synthesis of unprotected myo-inositol 4-methylenephosphonate, a constitutional isomer of myo-inositol 1-methylenephosphonate and found that the stereoselective hydrogenation of vinylphosphonate proceeded via Rh catalysis." ]

[ "Pipecolic acid (Pip) is an essential component of systemic acquired resistance, priming resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana against (hemi)biotrophic pathogens. Here, we studied the potential role of Pip in bacteria-induced systemic immunity in barley. Exudates of barley leaves infected with the systemic immunity-inducing pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. japonica induced immune responses in A. thaliana. The same leaf exudates contained elevated Pip levels compared with those of mock-treated barley leaves. Exogenous application of Pip induced resistance in barley against the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis. Furthermore, both a systemic immunity-inducing infection and exogenous application of Pip enhanced the resistance of barley against the biotrophic powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. In contrast to a systemic immunity-inducing infection, Pip application did not influence lesion formation by a systemically applied inoculum of the necrotrophic fungus Pyrenophora teres. Nitric oxide (NO) levels in barley leaves increased after Pip application. Furthermore, X. translucens pv. cerealis induced the accumulation of superoxide anion radicals and this response was stronger in Pip-pretreated compared with mock-pretreated plants. Thus, the data suggest that Pip induces barley innate immune responses by triggering NO and priming reactive oxygen species accumulation.", "The Sfp-type 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase Ppt1 is required for activation of nonribosomal peptide synthetases, including -aminoadipate reductase (AAR) for lysine biosynthesis and polyketide synthases, enzymes that biosynthesize peptide and polyketide secondary metabolites, respectively. Deletion of the PPT1 gene, from the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus and the rice pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus, yielded strains that were significantly reduced in virulence to their hosts. In addition, ppt1 mutants of C. heterostrophus race T and Cochliobolus victoriae were unable to biosynthesize the host-selective toxins (HST) T-toxin and victorin, respectively, as judged by bioassays. Interestingly, ppt1 mutants of C. miyabeanus were shown to produce tenfold higher levels of the sesterterpene-type non-HST ophiobolin A, as compared with the wild-type strain. The ppt1 strains of all species were also reduced in tolerance to oxidative stress and iron depletion; both phenotypes are associated with inability to produce extracellular siderophores biosynthesized by the nonribosomal peptide synthetase Nps6. Colony surfaces were hydrophilic, a trait previously associated with absence of C. heterostrophus Nps4. Mutants were decreased in asexual sporulation and C. heterostrophus strains were female-sterile in sexual crosses; the latter phenotype was observed previously with mutants lacking Nps2, which produces an intracellular siderophore. As expected, mutants were albino, since they cannot produce the polyketide melanin and were auxotrophic for lysine because they lack an AAR." ]

[ "These pages cite papers that mention A.hui:\nhttps://www.gbif.org/species/2160156\nhttps://wsc.nmbe.ch/species/2910/Araneus_hui\nThe World Spider Catalog (WSC) offers papers to their users for free, and it is a free registration.\nBrowsing through the second pdf on the WSC, here is a sketch of the dorsal (top) view of the species:\n\nThe paper is primarily written in a language I cannot read.\nThe specific paper (book?) is:\nHu, J. L. (2001). Spiders in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Henan Science and Technology Publishing House, 658 pp.\n658 pages is quite volumnous. The title of the paper suggests we limit our search to Tibet. Searching for Araneus images on iNaturalist in Tibet, there is a picture of one Araneus that has not been identified to species level, but it resembles the abdominal shape as in the drawing in the paper:\nhttps://inaturalist.ca/observations/51273647\nBut the abdominal markings do not match at all. If you expand the geographical bounding box of the search around Tibet, you can browse a gallery of hundreds of possible pictures." ]

[ "It is clearly a Theridiid (cobweb) spider, but it doesn't look like the Parasteatoda tepidariorum I'm familiar with here in the US. The egg sac it's holding indicates it's a mature female, and the regular pattern on the abdomen is both distinctive and unlike the variable, blotchy pattern of tepidariorum. Unfortunately, not being familiar with Eurasian spiders likely to be found in your area, I can't be of much help as to what it might be, beyond limiting it to the Theridiids.\nOh, yes - it's pretty clearly not one of the Widows (Latrodectus spp.), and since those are the only medically significant Theridiids we know, it's not dangerous.", "The mechanical stability of a protein (I am assuming by strength you mean mechanical stability) depends greatly on the general context and there is no clear connection between alpha helix or beta-sheet content and stability. For example fibroin, one of the main components of spider silk and one of the strongest proteins known, consists mainly of beta sheets while keratin another very stable structural protein (the stuff hair and fingernails are made of) consists of four alpha helices alternating with three beta turns is believed to get most of its strength from hydrophobic interactions within its alpha helices. Also, actin and myosin muscle fibers consist mainly of alpha helices. The list goes on and on with no clear pattern which secondary structure forms more stable proteins." ]

[ "Introduction/Executive Summary. An injury and illness prevention program, is a proactive process to help employers find and fix workplace hazards before workers are hurt. We know these programs can be effective at reducing injuries, illnesses, and fatalities." ]

[ "TMD Self-Management Programs. Self-management (SM) programs in temporomandibular disease (TMD) are a core component of pain management of TMD throughout its course and are often given to patients as a first essential step after diagnosis.", "Accident ManagementOur Accident Management program goes beyond the repair by providing you the benefits of driver care, cost management and program control. By managing every step to your specifications in the aftermath of an accident, we reduce the impact on your business, and work to keep costs down and your..." ]

[ "Bioactive lipids are fundamental mediators of a number of critical biologic processes such as inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is common in adolescence with histologic subtypes that favor metastasis. However, the factors that influence metastasis are not well appreciated. Here, it is shown that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and its derivative, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), strongly enhance motility and adhesion of human RMS cells. Importantly, these metastatic-associated phenotypes were observed at physiologic concentrations of these lipids, which naturally occur in biologic fluids. Moreover, the effects of these bioactive lipids were much stronger as compared with known peptide-based prometastatic factors in RMS, such as stromal-derived factor-1 or hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor. Finally, both LPC and LPA levels were increased in several organs after γ-irradiation or chemotherapy, supporting the hypothesis that radio/chemotherapy induces an unwanted prometastatic environment in these organs" ]

[ "Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis largely owing to inefficient diagnosis and tenacious drug resistance. Activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and consequent development of dense stroma are prominent features accounting for this aggressive biology1,2. The reciprocal interplay between PSCs and pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) not only enhances tumour progression and metastasis but also sustains their own activation, facilitating a vicious cycle to exacerbate tumorigenesis and drug resistance3-7. Furthermore, PSC activation occurs very early during PDAC tumorigenesis8-10, and activated PSCs comprise a substantial fraction of the tumour mass, providing a rich source of readily detectable factors. Therefore, we hypothesized that the communication between PSCs and PCCs could be an exploitable target to develop effective strategies for PDAC therapy and diagnosis. Here, starting with a systematic proteomic investigation of secreted disease mediators and underlying molecular mechanisms, we reveal that leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a key paracrine factor from activated PSCs acting on cancer cells. Both pharmacologic LIF blockade and genetic Lifr deletion markedly slow tumour progression and augment the efficacy of chemotherapy to prolong survival of PDAC mouse models, mainly by modulating cancer cell differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition status. Moreover, in both mouse models and human PDAC, aberrant production of LIF in the pancreas is restricted to pathological conditions and correlates with PDAC pathogenesis, and changes in the levels of circulating LIF correlate well with tumour response to therapy. Collectively, these findings reveal a function of LIF in PDAC tumorigenesis, and suggest its translational potential as an attractive therapeutic target and circulating marker. Our studies underscore how a better understanding of cell-cell communication within the tumour microenvironment can suggest novel strategies for cancer therapy.", "The effects of radiation are known to be potentiated by N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which modulate several signaling pathways, but the molecular mechanisms through which these fatty acids enhance the anticancer effects of irradiation in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment remain poorly elucidated. Here, we aimed to ascertain whether the fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerts a modulating effect on the response elicited by radiation treatment (RT). Two CRC cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, were exposed to RT, DHA, or both (DHA + RT) for various times, and then cell viability, proliferation, and clonogenicity were assessed. Moreover, cell cycle, apoptosis, and necrosis were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the involvement of WNT/â-catenin signaling was investigated by immunofluorescence to determine nuclear â-catenin, GSK3â phosphorylation status, and TCF/LEF-activity reporter. DHA and RT applied separately diminished the viability of both HT-29 and Caco-2 cells, and DHA + RT caused a further reduction in proliferation mainly in HT-29 cells, particularly in terms of colony formation. Concomitantly, our results verified cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, a reduction of cyclin D1 expression, and a decrease in GSK3â phosphorylation after the combined treatment. Furthermore, immunofluorescence quantification revealed that nuclear â-catenin was increased in RT-exposed cells, but this effect was abrogated in cells exposed to DHA + RT, and the results of TCF/LEF-activity assays confirmed that DHA attenuated the increase in nuclear â-catenin activity induced by irradiation. Our finding shows that DHA applied in combination with RT enhanced the antitumor effects of irradiation on CRC cells, and that the underlying mechanism involved the WNT/â-catenin pathway. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(1):24-34, 2019." ]

[ "PURPOSE: The safety of bioptic telescopes for driving remains controversial. The ring scotoma, an area to the telescope eye due to the telescope magnification, has been the main cause of concern. This study evaluates whether bioptic users can use the fellow eye to detect in hazards driving videos that fall in the ring scotoma area.METHODS: Twelve visually impaired bioptic users watched a series of driving hazard perception training videos and responded as soon as they detected a hazard while reading aloud letters presented on the screen. The letters were placed such that when reading them through the telescope the hazard fell in the ring scotoma area. Four conditions were tested: no bioptic and no reading, reading without bioptic, reading with a bioptic that did not occlude the fellow eye (non-occluding bioptic), and reading with a bioptic that partially-occluded the fellow eye. Eight normally sighted subjects performed the same task with the partially occluding bioptic detecting lateral hazards (blocked by the device scotoma) and vertical hazards (outside the scotoma) to further determine the cause-and-effect relationship between hazard detection and the fellow eye.RESULTS: There were significant differences in performance between conditions: 83% of hazards were detected with no reading task, dropping to 67% in the reading task with no bioptic, to 50% while reading with the non-occluding bioptic, and 34% while reading with the partially occluding bioptic. For normally sighted, detection of vertical hazards (53%) was significantly higher than lateral hazards (38%) with the partially occluding bioptic.CONCLUSIONS: Detection of driving hazards is impaired by the addition of a secondary reading like task. Detection is further impaired when reading through a monocular telescope. The effect of the partially-occluding bioptic supports the role of the non-occluded fellow eye in compensating for the ring scotoma." ]

[ "Haptic information in robotic surgery can significantly improve clinical outcomes and help detect hard soft-tissue inclusions that indicate potential abnormalities. Visual representation of tissue stiffness information is a cost-effective technique. Meanwhile, direct force feedback, although considerably more expensive than visual representation, is an intuitive method of conveying information regarding tissue stiffness to surgeons. In this study, real-time visual stiffness feedback by sliding indentation palpation is proposed, validated, and compared with force feedback involving human subjects. In an experimental tele-manipulation environment, a dynamically updated color map depicting the stiffness of probed soft tissue is presented via a graphical interface. The force feedback is provided, aided by a master haptic device. The haptic device uses data acquired from an F/T sensor attached to the end-effector of a tele-manipulated robot. Hard nodule detection performance is evaluated for 2 modes (force feedback and visual stiffness feedback) of stiffness feedback on an artificial organ containing buried stiff nodules. From this artificial organ, a virtual-environment tissue model is generated based on sliding indentation measurements. Employing this virtual-environment tissue model, we compare the performance of human participants in distinguishing differently sized hard nodules by force feedback and visual stiffness feedback. Results indicate that the proposed distributed visual representation of tissue stiffness can be used effectively for hard nodule identification. The representation can also be used as a sufficient substitute for force feedback in tissue palpation.", "A novel label-free biosensing approach based on bioreceptor networks patterned as diffractive gratings (biogratings) has been developed. Nanogrooved structures were used as optically active scaffolds for producing arrays of functional BSA biogratings on low energy surfaces by a water-assisted variant of microcontact printing. An analytical scanner, comprising a LightScribe compact disk drive, was developed to measure the diffraction patterns of these biogratings, thus allowing biointeractions to be quantitatively sensed in a multiplex and label-free fashion by means of diffraction efficiency changes. The approach was demonstrated by immunoassaying IgGs, reaching well-correlated responses with quantification and detection limits of 1.3 and 5.2 nM, respectively. These results provide appealing insights into cost-effective, portable, and scalable alternatives for designing new analytical technologies based on diffractive gratings of bioreceptors." ]

[ "What Are the Education Requirements to Be a Veterinarian? What Are the Education Requirements to Be a Veterinarian? To become a veterinarian, you need to earn a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree and obtain a professional license in your state. Keep reading to learn more. Schools offering Animal Care degrees can also be found in these popular choices . Required Education To become a veterinarian, you'll need to complete several years of education and training. You'll need to earn a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree and obtain a license. Many DVM graduates also choose to continue their training through internships and residency programs. Important Facts About Education for Veterinarians Prerequisites High school diploma (for undergraduate degrees)Online Availability Undergraduate only Continuing Education Courses are available for professionals seeking training in specific areas Possible Careers Laboratory animal caretaker, animal care & service worker, zoologist Undergraduate Degree Earning a bachelor's degree can improve your chances of gaining admittance to veterinary college; however, some veterinary schools admit applicants who have a certain number of undergraduate credits, rather than a bachelor's degree. Commonly required courses include animal biology, microbiology, animal nutrition, zoology, and systemic physiology. The Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges provides a useful table that allows students to check the requirements for individual colleges ( www.aavmc.org ). Veterinary College Admission Entrance into veterinary college is highly competitive. In addition to high grades and letters of recommendation, prior experience working with veterinarians or scientists could give you an advantage over other applicants. Depending on the school, you must also gain an acceptable score on the Medical College Admission Test, Veterinary College Admission Test, or Graduate Record Examination. Doctorate Degree Earning your Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree typically takes four years of study after undergraduate school. Coursework is divided between classroom lectures, laboratory sessions, and clinical studies. You can expect to take courses like infectious diseases, immunology, pharmacology, and parasitology. In the final year, you'll spend most of your time completing clinical rotations in various specialties of veterinary medicine. Licensing and Postgraduate Training After earning a DVM degree, you'll need to obtain a license by passing the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination. Other licensing requirements are determined by individual states. According to the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS, www.bls.gov ), many graduates also choose to complete a one-year internship after earning their license to gain experience in the field. If you're interested in practicing in a specialty of veterinarian medicine, you may consider completing a 3-year or 4-year residency program to become board-certified. To continue researching, browse degree options below for course curriculum, prerequisites and financial aid information. Or, learn more about the subject by reading the related articles below:1. Degree Options: Animal Care Health Science Health Studies View All Degree Options2. More Articles What are Some Veterinarian Career Options? What Are the Duties of a Veterinarian? Equine Chiropractor Training Programs" ]

[ "Can you become a veterinarian with just a GED? Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Animal Life Veterinary Medicine Can you become a veterinarian with just a GED? Flag Can you become a veterinarian with just a GED? Answer by Summer Maple Confidence votes 37.5KNo, just as you cannot become a veterinarian with just a high school diploma. Veterinary medicine is a challenging field to work in and you must have significant college training to do so. In the United States, you must complete at least 3 years of undergraduate college work plus another four years of vet school. Around the world, most countries require at least six years of post-high school education.17 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No How do you become a veterinarian if you just graduated high school? Answer . \\ngo to college and earn a degree... Answers Publisher 49,340 Contributions How To Become A Veterinarian? To become a veterinarian, one should attend school and pursue a career in becoming a vet. Then he or she should also look into internships to give them hands on experience. Summer Maple What job did the first veterinarian do to become a veterinarian? One of the first modern veterinarians, Dr. Claude Bourgelat, was originally a barrister (lawyer) who observed rinderpest decimating the livestock of France. He left his law pr …Protojunkie 33 Contributions Can you become a dentist with your a GED? Yes you can. Remeber your GED will not stop you at all, it will just make you take side steps but that wont slow you down, when i say side steps i mean you will have to go to …Protojunkie 33 Contributions Can you become an RN with an GED? Yes you can. Getting your GED does not stop you from doing anything you please good luck in your pursuit Summer Maple Why become a veterinarian? Veterinary medicine is not for everyone - the training is difficult and long, and it doesn't end after graduating from vet school. However, veterinarians are respected indivi …Joyce Galloway Parker 21,774 Contributions Majored in psychology, studied domestic violence, spousal and child abuse, have a lifetime of observing people, their actions and reactions. What can you become with a GED? You can do anything you want. GED does not stop you from doing anything A GED (General Equivalency Dipoloma) is as good as a high school diploma, so anything you can do with …Bitsnpieces 64 Contributions With a GED what can you become? All the same things that a person with a high school diploma can. Can you become a firefighter with just a GED? My official answer is kind of. You CAN become a firefighter with just a GED, but you must use that GED to enroll in college to take the firefighter course. Can you be a veterinarian with a GED? Yes. As long as you go to college and get an outstanding GPA and do well on your GRE to get into graduate school. USCitizen 477,196 Contributions Can you join the Marines with just GED? Yes, with a waiver. Jeff Carlisle 41,541 Contributions Diesel tech, truck driver, equipment operator, gunsmith, veteran... yep, I get around. Why can't you get in the military with just a GED? You can. You won't be eligible if you don't have - at a minimum - a GED or high school diploma. Answered In Job Training and Career Qualifications Can you become a veterinarian with a GED instead of high school diploma? Yes. I got into vet school on my first try with a GED but you first have to complete the school's requirements before one applies to the program which means years of undergrad …Summer Maple Answered In Job Training and Career Qualifications Can you become a veterinarian and a veterinarian technician? Yes, although this is rare. The job skills and educational background required to be a veterinary technician is very different from the job skills and educational background r …Summer Maple Answered In Veterinary Medicine Why do veterinarians become veterinarians? Many veterinarians feel a sense of accomplishment knowing they arehelping animals and people live happier and healthier lives. Thereis also a thrill in treating unusual or dif …Summer Maple Answered In Veterinary Medicine When can you become a veterinarian? In the United States, after graduating high school you can complete three years of undergraduate college then another four years of vet school, then be licensed as a veterinar …Answered In Veterinary Medicine How many people think you can just become a veterinarian not having to do anything?tellme!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !" ]

[ "Volcanic activity in rift valleys is important in several different ways to both geology and. archaeology. First, the rocks, such as rhyolite and basalt, and also ashes are important for. correlation and dating the deposits and archaeological sites in rift valleys.olcanic activity in rift valleys is important in several different ways to both geology and. archaeology. First, the rocks, such as rhyolite and basalt, and also ashes are important for. correlation and dating the deposits and archaeological sites in rift valleys." ]

[ "Rift valleys can be very deep, and both such valleys known to exist in continental areas on Earth, the East African Rift and the Siberian Baikal Rift, have large, deep lakes in them. As the walls of a rift valley are pulled apart, the floor of the valley tends to sink. If this subsidence happens faster than erosion from the walls can fill it in with sediment, the floor of the valley continues to fall relative to the surrounding terrain.", "Sea water will flood the rift valleys and they will eventually become seas like the Red Sea. Oceanic rift zones Oceanic rift zones occur deep in ocean basins where two oceanic plates are separating. These rift zones were not discovered until the middle of the last century. The discovery of rift zones led to the understanding of how continental drift could occur on our planet that had been proposed by Alfred Wegener earlier in the 20th Century." ]

[ " I think any person can experience pleasurable anal, it is just that a lot of people don't know what they're doing. You can't just raw dog it and shove your dick right up there for the first time and expect the other person to enjoy it. The anus needs to be played with and stretched until it can accommodate a penis. Most importantly of all you need to use lubrication. There is also a huge difference in pleasure between men and women because men have a prostate.", " It really isn't painful to anyone, just extremely uncomfortable. It can be pleasurable to *every* male person, simply by stimulating the prostate.\n\nIf you are anxious about it and tense it will be more uncomfortable in the rectum.\n\nA majority of it is psychological but physiological differences including proper lubrication, size of anus and the object entering it, and stress levels.\n\nBut I think its safe to assume on any given night after a glass of wine and you are feeling relaxed, a lubed up finger in the butt can be fun for everyone." ]

[ " Recent MSc neuropsychology graduate.\n\nThere is no single answer to the question as the human mind varies so greatly between individuals in how it copes with life experiences. Additionally, there are many types of fetishes, each with their own unique triggers to how one became enthralled in them. However, I can make some rudimentary associations. \n\nMild or \"vanilla\" sexual fetishes such as light pain stimulation, or stimulation of taboo body areas (anal regions) may arise from the simple discovery of pleasure when one experiences these sort of stimulations. They may occur naturally through self exploration or via an adventurous partner who pushes our line of comfort. In this case, an individual realize that they enjoy this sort of stimulation, and continue to explore this sort of fetish on themselves, and on others. The knowledge that a specific stimulation on one's own body causes pleasure, also produces pleasure when we provide the same sort of stimulation onto a partner. Thus, someone who likes to get their toes sucked, may also experience pleasure from sucking their partners toes. \n\nFetishes of attraction, such as attraction to older/younger partners, cosplay and incest seem to stem from the natural attraction an individual may have towards that source/person. For example, the common attraction to MILFs stems from the fact that men are naturally attested to their own mothers as children, and this may develop into an attraction for friends mothers, and eventually into an attraction for all mothers/older women. The same can be said about a \"sexy\" cartoon character which then stimulates attraction towards people in costumes for example.\n\nThe last type of fetishes will discuss are more hardcore, such as slave/dom relationships, cuckold, and more extreme pain and exhibition fetishes. It seems that these more extreme pleasures stem from the childhood, whether it was parental/social abuse which led to repeating the same patterns as an adult in the bedroom, or non-present parents which led to more extreme strategies to gain affection from future partners. Again, we are all human and differ widely. What may be a destructive pattern for one person, may be a form of pleasure another person stumbled upon.\n\nThere is alot more to talk about but its time for bed.", " The anus and rectum are full of sensitive nerve endings. To some people they feel good when stimulated. \n\nMore importantly, in men, the prostrate can often be stimulated via anal penetration (which most men find pleasurable; often equating it to a woman's gspot). In women, pressure through anal penetration can reach their actual gspot through the tissues of the body. It also may impart a similar sense of \"fullness\" that one gets from traditional vaginal penetration. \n\nA buttplug is often shaped so that the part on the actual anus is thinner. This allows a larger object to be inside the body without putting continuous stress on the sphinkter. The flared end on the outside prevents it from moving too deeply into the which can be quite dangerous as, unlike a vagina, there is not an \"end\" to the area inside the body." ]

[ "The latest advancements in neuroplasticity research are truly groundbreaking. There has been the discovery of the role of non-coding RNAs in the brain plasticity. The researchers have found that these RNAs, which do not produce proteins, play crucial roles in the brain's ability to adapt and change. Additionally, new technologies such as optogenetics and chemogenetics are allowing scientists to control neural activity with unprecedented precision. This is opening up new possibilities for understanding and treating neurological disorders" ]

[ "The latest advancements in neurosurgery have shown significant progress. The invention of minimally invasive surgical techniques has reduced the risks associated with brain surgeries. The use of robotic assistance in these procedures has further increased their precision. Furthermore, the development of advanced imaging technologies like MRI-guided laser ablation surgery has improved the prognosis for patients with inoperable brain tumors. Despite these advancements, the field still faces many challenges, including understanding the complex nature of the brain" ]

[ "The overall incidence of reexploration was 4.2% (253/6015). Four independent risk factors--increased patient age (p < 0.001), preoperative renal insufficiency (p = 0.02), operation other than coronary bypass (p < 0.001), and prolonged bypass time (p = 0.0.3)--were identified as predictors of the need for reexploration. The preoperative use of aspirin, heparin, or thrombolytic agents and the bleeding time were not identified as predictors. Reexploration for bleeding was identified as a strong independent risk factor for operative mortality (p = 0.005), renal failure (p < 0.0001), prolonged mechanical ventilation (p < 0.0001), adult respiratory distress syndrome (p = 0.03), sepsis (p < 0.0001), and atrial arrhythmias (p = 0.006)", "Although previous studies have included early reexploration for bleeding as a risk factor in analyzing adverse outcomes after cardiac operations, reexploration for bleeding has not been systematically examined as a multivariate risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Furthermore, multivariate predictors of the need for reexploration have not been identified. Accordingly, we performed a retrospective analysis of 6100 patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass from January 1, 1986, to December 31, 1993. Eighty-five patients who had ventricular assist devices were excluded from further analysis because of the prevalence of bleeding and the significant morbidity and mortality associated with placement of a ventricular assist device, unrelated to reexploration. In the remaining 6015 patients, potential adverse outcomes analyzed included operative mortality, mediastinitis, stroke, renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, prolonged mechanical ventilation, sepsis, atrial arrhythmias, and ventricular arrhythmias. To control for the confounding effects of other risk factors, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Potential covariates considered in the logistic model included age, sex, race, history of reoperation, urgency of the operation, congestive heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, renal failure, diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or stroke, and the bypass and crossclamp time" ]

[ "We aimed to identify the impact of re-exploration for bleeding after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the effect of time delay, re-exploration within 12h (<12h) versus 12h or later (>or=12h). Analyses of prospective clinical data on 3220 consecutive patients who underwent CABG between 2003 and 2005 were performed. Pearson chi(2) tests, Fisher's exact tests, Student's t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, or univariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess the effects of pre-operative and operative characteristics on re-exploration, and the effects of re-exploration and time delay on adverse outcomes. Predictors of re-exploration and its effect on adverse outcomes were further evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. One hundred ninety-one patients (5.9%) underwent re-exploration for bleeding. Re-explored patients as a group in comparison to the non-re-explored group had increased postoperative blood loss, transfusion requirements, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and haemofiltration support, and mortality (all p<0.001). One hundred fifty-seven (82%) of the 191 patients were re-explored <12h. The group of patients who were re-explored <12h in comparison to >or=12h group had shorter ICU stay (median 3 vs 8.5 days; p<0.001), less IABP support (22.3 vs 44.1%; p=0.009) and a lower mortality (7 vs 29.4%; p=0.001). There was no significant difference in blood loss or transfusion requirements between the two groups. The predicted EuroSCORE risks of the <12h group was 6.66% and the observed mortality was 7% (p=0.865). The observed mortality of 29.4% in the >or=12h group was significantly higher than the predicted EuroSCORE risks of 7.59% (p<0.001)", "Coagulopathy is an important cause of bleeding after complex cardiac surgery. The conventional treatment for coagulopathy is transfusion, which is associated with adverse outcomes. We report our initial experience with the prothrombin complex concentrate FEIBA (factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity) for the rescue treatment of coagulopathy and life-threatening bleeding after cardiac surgery. Twenty-five patients who underwent cardiac surgery with coagulopathy and life-threatening bleeding refractory to conventional treatment received FEIBA as rescue therapy at our institution. This cohort represents approximately 2% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery in our university-based practice during the study. The patients were at high risk for postoperative coagulopathy with nearly all patients having at least 2 risk factors for this. Aortic root replacement (Bentall or valve-sparing procedure) and heart transplant with or without left ventricular assist device explant were the most common procedures. The mean FEIBA dose was 2154 units. The need for fresh frozen plasma and platelet transfusion decreased significantly after FEIBA administration (P = .0001 and P < .0001). The mean internationalized normalized ratio decreased from 1.58 to 1.13 (P < .0001). Clinical outcomes were excellent. No patient returned to the operating room for reexploration. There was no hospital mortality and all patients were discharged home. One patient who had a central line and transvenous pacemaker developed an upper extremity deep vein thrombosis" ]

[ "Noble Correctional Institution is a state prison in the state prison system in Ohio. This guide gives you information about anything you might need to know about Noble Correctional Institution,such as: Learn how to locate an inmate. How to visit Noble Correctional Institution inmates. The address and phone number at Noble Correctional Institution Sending money and mail." ]

[ "Terrell Unit. The Charles T. Terrell Unit is a Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison located in unincorporated Brazoria County, Texas. The facility is located on Farm to Market Road 655, 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Farm to Market Road 521. The prison, has about 16,369 acres (6,624 ha) of land, is co-located with Ramsey Unit and Stringfellow Unit.", "The Charles T. Terrell Unit is a Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison located in unincorporated Brazoria County, Texas, with a Rosharon, Texas postal address; it is not inside the Rosharon census-designated place. The facility is located on Farm to Market Road 655, 4 miles west of Farm to Market Road 521. The prison, has about 16,369 acres of land, is co-located with Ramsey Unit and Stringfellow Unit. The prison is in Rosharon, and about 35 miles south of Houston." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The therapeutic effects of allogeneic cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET) for symblephara at different degrees caused by ocular burns were evaluated in this study.METHODS: A series of interventional cases were involved in this retrospective study. Eighty eyes (80 patients) with symblephara underwent CLET and the success rates of surgical treatment as well as corneal conditions and risk factors for recurrent symblepharon were analyzed.RESULTS: The average age of patients was 32.4  13.7years (ranged from 4 to 60years). The average follow-up time was 26.4  13.6months (ranged from 12 to 60months). Symblepharon cases were caused by chemical burns (36 eyes) or thermal burns (44 eyes). The first surgical intervention achieved complete success in 40 eyes (50%), partial success in 25 eyes (31.3%), and failure in 15 eyes (18.8%). The rate of complete success was 85.0% in eyes with grade I/II symblephara, 51.5% in eyes with grade III eyes and 22.2% in eyes grade IV symblephara (P = 0.001). The treatment was completely successful in 23.1% of eyes with moderate or severe preoperative inflammatory action and 63.0% of eyes with mild or no inflammation (P = 0.000). The corneal conditions were improved in 43 eyes (53.8%), of which 21 eyes had improved visual acuity. The recurrence of symblepharon after the first CLET was positively correlated with symblepharon length (P = 0.003), preoperative inflammatory activity (P = 0.016) as well as postoperative cicatricial entropion and trichiasis (P = 0.038).CONCLUSIONS: CLET was effective on the recovery of anatomically deep fornixes in eyes caused by symblephara and corneal surface condition could be improved simultaneously. The success of surgical treatment was dependent on the effective control of inflammation and timely management of eyelid abnormalities." ]

[ "PURPOSE: This study aimed to report the long-term outcomes of autologous Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation (SLET) performed for unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) following chemical burn at a tertiary eye center in North India.METHODS: This was a single-center prospective interventional case series of patients who developed unilateral LSCD after suffering from ocular surface burns and who underwent SLET between October 2012 and May 2016 with a follow-up period of at least 6 months. The primary outcome measure was restoration of a completely epithelized, stable, and avascular corneal surface. The secondary outcome measure was percentage of eyes, which reported visual gain.RESULTS: The study included 30 eyes of 30 patients, 18 adults and 12 children, at a median follow-up of 1.1 years (range: 6 months to 3.5 years), 21 of 30 eyes (70%; 95% confidence interval, 53.6%-86.2%) maintained successful outcome. Visual acuity gain was seen in 71.4% of successful cases. The clinical factors associated with failure were identified as acid injury, severe symblepharon at the time of presentation, and SLET combined with penetrating keratoplasty (PK).CONCLUSION: Autologous SLET is an effective limbal cell transplantation technique for the treatment of unilateral LSCD. It is especially beneficial for centers where cell cultivation laboratory is unavailable. Presence of severe symblepharon, which requires PK peroperatively , has poor outcome.", "AIM: A survey of ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgeons as well as seven-year data regarding claims made to the Ophthalmic Mutual Insurance Company (OMIC) is used to discuss operating room fires in periocular surgery.METHODS: A retrospective review of all closed claim operating room fires submitted to OMIC was performed. A survey soliciting personal experiences with operating room fires was distributed to all American Society of Oculoplastic and Reconstructive Surgeons.RESULTS: Over the last 2 decades, OMIC managed 7 lawsuits resulting from an operating room fire during periocular surgery. The mean settlement per lawsuit was $145,285 (range $10,000-474,994). All six patients suffered burns to the face, and three required admission to a burn unit. One hundred and sixty-eight surgeons participated in the online survey. Approximately 44% of survey respondents have experienced at least one operating room fire. Supplemental oxygen was administered in 88% of these cases. Most surgical fires reported occurred in a hospital-based operating room (59%) under monitored anesthesia care (79%). Monopolar cautery (41%) and thermal, high-temperature cautery (41%) were most commonly reported as the inciting agents. Almost half of the patients involved in a surgical fire experienced a complication from the fire (48%). Sixty-nine percent of hospital operating rooms and 66% of ambulatory surgery centers maintain an operating room fire prevention policy.CONCLUSIONS: An intraoperative fire can be costly for both the patient and the surgeon. Ophthalmic surgeons operate in an oxygen rich and therefore flammable environment. Proactive measures can be undertaken to reduce the incidence of surgical fires periocular surgery; however, a fire can occur at any time and the entire operating room team must be constantly vigilant to prevent and manage operating room fires." ]

[ "Freebase (4.50 / 4 votes) Rate this definition: Policy. A policy is a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are generally adopted by the Board of or senior governance body within an organization whereas procedures or protocols would be developed and adopted by senior executive officers." ]

[ "At its most basic, policy is “a course or principle of action, adopted or proposed by a government, party, business or individual” (Australian Concise Oxford Dictionary). The term is used in many different ways, varying from institution to institution, organisation to organisation and sometimes within institutions and organisations as well.", "policy. a plan of activity or behavior that serves some end such as being expedient or beneficial. health care policy subfield of political science covering the making and implementing of decisions by public administrators and elected legislators to improve the health and well-being of the public." ]

[ "The world of prosthetics has made significant advancements in recent times. One of the key developments is the use of 3D printing technology. This has revolutionized the prosthetics industry by making the production process faster and more cost-effective. With 3D printing, it is now possible to create a perfectly fitting prosthetic in a matter of hours. Furthermore, the use of advanced materials, such as carbon fiber, has made prosthetics lighter and more durable. Another major advancement is in the field of bionics. Bionic prosthetics, which are powered by artificial intelligence, can mimic natural limb movements more accurately than ever before. These prosthetics are equipped with sensors that can detect muscle movements in the residual limb, which are then translated into movements in the prosthetic limb. This has significantly improved the functionality and usability of prosthetics, giving users a higher degree of independence and mobility. Furthermore, research is being done on the development of prosthetics with a sense of touch, which would be a game changer in the field of prosthetics" ]

[ "3D printing technology is making a significant impact in various fields. In the construction industry, for example, 3D printing is being used to create affordable housing in a short span of time. This technology allows for the creation of complex architectural designs that would be difficult and time-consuming to build using traditional methods. In the field of automotive, 3D printing is being used for the production of parts such as brake calipers and engine components, helping to reduce manufacturing costs and improve efficiency. The use of advanced materials, such as carbon fiber, in the 3D printing process has also improved the quality and durability of the produced parts. Furthermore, the advent of artificial intelligence is revolutionizing industries from healthcare to finance, with its ability to process large amounts of data and make accurate predictions. However, despite these advancements, there are still challenges to overcome, particularly in terms of the high cost of 3D printers and the need for specialized training to operate them" ]

[ "Afternoon tea, that most quintessential of English customs is, perhaps surprisingly, a relatively new tradition. Whilst the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium BC in China and was popularised in England during the 1660s by King Charles II and his wife the Portuguese Infanta Catherine de Braganza, it was not until the mid 19th century that the concept of ‘afternoon tea’ first appeared. Afternoon tea was introduced in England by Anna, the seventh Duchess of Bedford, in the year 1840. The Duchess would become hungry around four o’clock in the afternoon. The evening meal in her household was served fashionably late at eight o’clock, thus leaving a long period of time between lunch and dinner." ]

[ "An afternoon tea menu is light and focuses on scones, finger sandwiches. Marmalade, lemon curds, and herbed butter may also be included. Favorite teas for afternoon tea include black teas like Earl Grey and Assam as well as herbal teas like chamomile and mint.", "Origin[edit] There is little dispute as to the origin of the Long Island Iced Tea. Robert Rosebud Butt claims to have invented the drink as an entry in a contest to create a new mixed drink including Triple Sec, in 1972 while he worked at the Oak Beach Inn on Long Island, New York." ]

[ "Gastrointestinal parasites including Eimeria spp. are known to affect domestic animal productivity causing watery or lethal bloody diarrhea. However, there are few reports on the detailed distribution of bovine Eimeria spp. in cattle, particularly in developing tropical and sub-tropical areas. Using a total of 289 fecal samples collected from beef cattle on Java Island, one of the five main islands of Indonesia, fecal examinations by the Whitlock and sugar flotation methods and molecular surveys were conducted to reveal the prevalence of 6 Eimeria spp. As a result of morphological screening using Whitlock methods and sugar flotation, Eimeria spp. prevalences of 9.4% and 52.3% were confirmed, respectively. The prevalence was higher in younger cattle [under 1 year (63.9%), 1-2 years (75.0%) and more than in 2 year old cattle (42.3%)]. The prevalences of identified species were as follows: 10.4% for E. bovis, 2.8% for E. ellipsoidalis, 2.1% for E. alabamensis, 1.4% for E. zuernii, 1.1% for E. auburnensis, and 0.4% for E. cylindrica. Moreover, prevalences of 12.8% for Strongyloides papillosus, 7.3% for Trichuris globulosa, and 0.3% for Capillaria bovis were detected. Although the average number of oocysts per gram of feces was <100 among the positive samples, and cases of heavy infection were limited, the endemicity of these pathogenic Eimeria species among farms in Indonesia should be noted." ]

[ "Infection of cattle with epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) virus (EHDV) is frequently subclinical, yet reports of disease have increased in recent years. In 2006, a widespread EHDV‑7 epidemic caused disease and economic loss in the Israeli dairy industry. In this study, the main objective was to infect cattle with EHDV‑7 and replicate disease observed in Israel during 2006. Two infection studies were performed. Experiment 1, 4 cows inoculated with intradermal (ID) and subcutaneous (SC) injections with an EHDV‑7 blood inoculum. Experiment 2, 6 calves inoculated using 1 of the following 3 methods (2 calves/method): (1) mammalian cell culture supernatant by ID and SC injection; (2) culture supernatant by ID, SC, and intravenous injection; and (3) bite transmission from Culicoides sonorensis. Further, during experiment 2, C. sonorensis were fed on 4 infected calves (18 days post-inoculation) and processed for virus isolation 10 days later in order to evaluate infectivity of low‑titer viraemia. Three cows had detectable viraemia and all 4 seroconverted. No clinical signs were observed. All 6 calves developed viraemia, peaking 7‑10 dpi and all calves seroconverted. No differences in virus kinetics were observed between the inoculation groups. Calves in group 2 had transiently elevated rectal temperatures but no other clinical abnormalities were observed. The 124 midge pools processed after feeding on calves with low‑titer viraemia were virus isolation negative. Detectable viraemia was more consistent in calves than adult cows. This study demonstrates US‑origin cattle are susceptible to EHDV‑7 infection by multiple inoculation methods; however, as reported in other studies, the disease was not replicated experimentally.", "Tick-borne pathogens (TBP) are responsible for significant economic losses to cattle production, globally. This is particularly true in countries like India where TBP constrain rearing of high yielding Bos taurus, as they show susceptibility to acute tick borne disease (TBD), most notably tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata. This has led to a programme of cross breeding Bos taurus (Holstein-Friesian or Jersey) with native Bos indicus (numerous) breeds to generate cattle that are more resistant to disease. However, the cost to fitness of subclinical carrier infection in crossbreeds relative to native breeds is unknown, but could represent a significant hidden economic cost. In this study, a total of 1052 bovine blood samples, together with associated data on host type, sex and body score, were collected from apparently healthy animals in four different agro-climatic zones of Maharashtra state. Samples were screened by PCR for detection of five major TBPs: T. annulata, T. orientalis, B. bigemina, B. bovis and Anaplasma spp.. The results demonstrated that single and co-infection with TBP are common, and although differences in pathogen spp. prevalence across the climatic zones were detected, simplistic regression models predicted that host type, sex and location are all likely to impact on prevalence of TBP. In order to remove issues with autocorrelation between variables, a subset of the dataset was modelled to assess any impact of TBP infection on body score of crossbreed versus native breed cattle (breed type). The model showed significant association between infection with TBP (particularly apicomplexan parasites) and poorer body condition for crossbreed animals. These findings indicate potential cost of TBP carrier infection on crossbreed productivity. Thus, there is a case for development of strategies for targeted breeding to combine productivity traits with disease resistance, or to prevent transmission of TBP in India for economic benefit." ]

[ " ['First: work out the difference (increase) between the two numbers you are comparing.', 'Increase = New Number - Original Number.', 'Then: divide the increase by the original number and multiply the answer by 100.', '% increase = Increase ÷ Original Number × 100.']" ]

[ " The formula to calculate the percentage change in the price of the bond is the change in yield multiplied by the negative value of the modified duration multiplied by 100%. This resulting percentage change in the bond, for a 1% yield increase, is calculated to be -4.59% (0.01*- 4.59* 100%).", " The rate of natural increase is given as a percentage, calculated by dividing the natural increase by 10. For example, if the birth rate is 14 per 1,000 population, and the death rate is 8 per 1000 population, then the natural increase = 14 - 8 = 6. That is 6/ 1000, which is equal to 0.6%." ]

[ "The average Walgreens salary ranges from approximately $15,000 per year for Customer Service Associate / Cashier to $179,900 per year for District Manager.Average Walgreens hourly pay ranges from approximately $7.35 per hour for Laboratory Technician to $68.90 per hour for Pharmacy Manager.Salary information comes from 7,810 data points collected directly from employees, users, and jobs on Indeed.he average Walgreens salary ranges from approximately $15,000 per year for Customer Service Associate / Cashier to $179,900 per year for District Manager." ]

[ "$30K Pharmacy Technician Average Salary at Walgreens (825 salaries) I think I was paid fairly to what I was asked to do. I don't think anyone can be overpaid, people work hard for their pay rates, not a lot of people even have one. Working with Walgreen's and earning promotion's, a person should deserve what they work hard for.. $23K Pharmacy Technician in Hamilton, OH ·. -$9K (32%) less than average Walgreens salary ($32K)", "Walgreen Pharmacist Salary. Walgreen Pharmacist average salary is $102,970, median salary is $101,920 with a salary range from $57,325 to $1,522,560.Walgreen Pharmacist salaries are collected from government agencies and companies. Each salary is associated with a real job position.algreen Pharmacist salary is full-time annual starting salary. Intern, contractor and hourly pay scale vary from regular exempt employee. Compensation depends on work experience, job location, bonus, benefits and other factors." ]

[ "The Sulphur, OK forecast for Apr 06 is 58 degrees and Sunny . There is 45 percentage chance of rain and 12 mph winds from the North-Northwest." ]

[ "A brief warm up moves in for the second half of the weekend with highs returning to the upper 60s and lower 70s. It will be a little breezy as well as have increasing clouds on Sunday. Monday will be mostly cloudy with a few passing showers in the morning, mainly north of Ogden. Tuesday afternoon storms return to Utah into Wednesday morning. By Wednesday highs fall back into the 50s.", "Today 5 Apr Okaloosa Coastal. Windy, cooler. Mostly cloudy early in the evening then clearing. A 20 percent chance of Showers and Thunderstorms in the evening. Some Thunderstorms may be severe. Lows in the mid 50s. Southwest Winds 15 to 20 Mph shifting to the northwest 20 to 30 Mph after midnight." ]

[ " The wire could have been much sharper than the dull piece of wood. Every movement jolted the sharp wire into cutting up your finger while the edge free wood was relatively stable. \n\nIt's kinda like the difference between getting shot with an arrow vs a musket ball. The arrow makes a smaller hole in your body, but every movement causes the sharp edges to tear your apart. The ball will cause a much larger hole butis more likely to wedge itself firmly inside you." ]

[ " It's smaller, so the pressure doesn't get distributed across your skin. Smaller, sharper objects tend to hurt more. It doesn't help that LEGOs are almost completely edges.", " iirc, it's because while a scrape is usually larger in surface area, it just scrapes off a few layers of skin. While a papercut will cut farther down to expose nerve endings which is why it hurts more than a scrape." ]

[ "LOCATION Trichy is situated at a distance of 319 kilometers south of Chennai and 402 kilometers north of Kanyakumari on the national highway NH 45, it is located almost at the geographic centre of the state.udumianmalai temple is located at a distance of 25-km from Trichy. The presiding deity of Kudumianmalai temple is Lord Sikhagireeswara and is located at a distance of about 25-km from Trichy.There are beautiful sculptures and a thousand pillar-hall within the temple." ]

[ "Trichardt is a town in Gert Sibande District Municipality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Village 34km west of Bethal and 32km west-south-west of Leandra, several kilometres north-east of Secunda. It originated as a settlement of the Dutch Reformed Church and was proclaimed in 1906.", "Louis Trichardt (formerly Trichardtsdorp) is a town at the foot of the Soutpansberg mountain range in the Limpopo province of South Africa. It is named after the voortrekker leader Louis Tregardt. It is the centre of the Makhado Local Municipality, which comprises 16,000 km² with a total population of 270,000 (2001)." ]

[ " You may be taking \"inner center\" too literally... many big cities do have a prosperous, nice center city where businesses, government agencies, and higher end housing is located. Elsewhere within the city proper there are poor areas, and then surrounding those are wealthier suburbs. \n\nFor example, Chicago's Loop business district is gleaming and full of skyscraper office buildings and flanked by parks and museums. The neighborhoods directly to the South (South Loop), West (West Loop, River West), and North (River North, Gold Coast, Streeterville) are all nice/expensive residential areas, and the nice areas extend well north (Old Town, Lincoln Park, Lakeview) and northwest (West Town, Wicker Park, Bucktown, Logan Square) from downtown. Further west of downtown and much of the South side of Chicago are what you'd consider to be \"inner city\" with poverty, crime, gangs, etc.", " Well first of all, I suppose that your \"universal\" vision is in fact a US model where the city center, beside the [CBD]( _URL_0_), can have several boroughs poorer than the suburb.\n\nThis model is far from universal as the European cities have their \"inner city\" often overlapping the historical center that can be rather weatlhy, if not the wealthiest part of the city." ]

[ " Where money and wealth are considered moral goods, and so the poor are considered moral failures, the wealthy tend to stigmatize the poor. This keeps the poor quite poor indeed.\n\nSo there is a vicious cycle of trying to keep the (ugly name for any racial or social out-group here) \"in their place\" offset to the tune of surprise that the economy isn't doing better.\n\nMeanwhile wealthy, middle-class, and even \"barely comfortable\" lower-middle classes don't want to move their families and businesses into some decaying hellhole.\n\nAnd there's nobody in that decaying hellhole to buy most products anyway so there's no impulse to move in nice stores that sell nice clothes and good food.\n\nIn the blue parts of blue states - and I phrase it that way because, in fact, most states and places are actually \"purple\" - suficent money is spent year-after-year to keep the schools reasonably funded and to socially de-stigmatize the poor and give the out-groups resources they need to bootstrap their lives into better circumstance. That raises incomes, which raises taxes, which both pays back the bootstrap money but also raises the entire standard of living and standard of services. This, in turn attracts businesses and families.\n\nAt the core, \"in my humble opinion\" of course, is the difference in the view of \"entitlement programs\" and \"giving\".\n\nOne type of person says \"I suffered, so I don't want to see anybody suffer like that\".\n\nAnother type of person says \"I suffered, so why should other people be spared from suffering like that\"?\n\nThe deadlocked ideas of \"people are only poor because they are lazy\", \"nobody helped me, so why should I help\", and \"charity is for the weak so I will neither give nor _accept_ charity\" taken as a whole perpetuate economic failure.\n\nGo to the net-giving areas and you will find healthy and reasonably vibrant communities for all the out-groups. People of color? yep. \"Questionably legal\" workers and their absolutely legal families? yep. Various religious minorities? yep.\n\nGo to the failing areas and you'll find a whole lot of \"you aint from around here, are you boy?\"...\n\nIt's strong correlation, but there's a heck of a lot of causation.\n\nBasically \"economically unwell\" areas are pathologically \"socially unwell\" too. Neither is the \"first cause\", but both create and sustain each other on an ongoing basis.\n\nThe desire to cut \"entitlement programs\" and other \"federal funding\" is just a symptom of that \"poverty is a moral failing\" attitude mixed with the implicit message that \"if my city, state, whatever needs federal funds then it must be a moral failure.\"\n\nThe the bad reasoning goes \"if we get rid of the charity then we'll obviously retake the moral high-ground\".\n\nPlus, of course, \"if my representative is encouraging such funding then he must be encouraging moral turpitude!\" just rides along.\n\nIt is, at its core, a failure of basic reasoning.\n\nNote that I am \"teh olde\" and when I was a kid the whole Republican Southern Strategy was in full force and I lived in, or very near, \"the south\". I would regularly hear \"If it's good for the ni & & ers it can _not_ be good for me\" in that many words.\n\nSo literally, the poor white racists _demand_ that the ni & & ers get nothing, no matter what it costs the poor white racists personally.\n\nThis isn't just a liberal rant. There's a cognitive bias that makes the bottom of the economic scale become very dog-eat-dog. It's a kind of risk/loss aversion. The poor racist doesn't want the poor black-fella to \"pass them\" on the economic ladder. So anything that benefits both of them is a danger to the one who perceives themselves as only slightly ahead.\n\nThis is the \"keeping up with the jones'\" mentality but down at the hunger games level.\n\nThe whole thing is just pernicious and stupid.", " Because dealing with poverty by kicking all the poor people out of the city isn't considered an ethical solution." ]

[ " It's quite possible, likely even, that you do not have DNA from all of your ancestors. Chromosomes do recombine, which would keep the DNA in the family longer, but with more generations the likelihood that some genes don't make it into the next gets higher. You share more than two specific lines, but definitely not with everybody." ]

[ " Because 99% of our *human* DNA is similar to chimps, but 1% of it is non-human DNA.\n\nHalf of your DNA comes from your mother, and half from your father. You are essentially a perfectly equal mixture of your parents. Your sibling is similarly a perfect mixture, but you randomly share half of your genes from the same parent, while the other half is from different parents. \n\nYou, your mother, your father, your sibling, all share half of your all-human DNA with each other. If you had an identical twin, then you'd have 100% DNA with no variations.", " We don't actually share 50% of our DNA with siblings, half of our DNA came from each parent, but there's no assurance that your sibling would get genes in a way that you'd share exactly half of them (in reality, a vast majority of your DNA is \"Default Human\" DNA that everybody shares). It's just a convenient shorthand when talking about human to human genetic relations. The actual amount of DNA you share is random. It's possible, although *extremely* (like extremely, extremely, extremely) unlikely that you and a older/younger sibling could get the exact same genes and be genetically identical. It's equally unlikely that you could have none of the same DNA at all.\n\nThe \"99% with chimps\" is more like the overall human genetic structure (think of it like the \"average\" of all the humans) is very similar to the \"average\" of all chimpanzees." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the nature and extent of unhealthy food, beverage, alcohol and gambling sponsors of children's sport development programs.METHODS: Websites of junior development sport programs (n=56) associated with sporting organisations that received funding from the Australian Sporting Commission were analysed. Sponsors were considered unhealthy if they were alcohol or gambling companies or sold food and/or beverages that failed independent nutrition criteria. The websites of the sport development programs were also analysed for types of promotion.RESULTS: There were 246 sponsors identified. Eleven (4.5%) sponsors were food, beverage, alcohol or gambling companies of which 10 (91%) were unhealthy. Surf Lifesaving (n=4) and athletics (n=3) websites had the highest number of unhealthy sponsors. Promotions associated with unhealthy sponsorship included logo placement on homepages (100%), naming rights (31%), logo on sport uniforms (27%) and branded participant packs (31%).CONCLUSIONS: The majority of food and beverage company sponsors in sport development programs are companies associated with unhealthy products. Two websites hosting junior development program information included an alcohol company sponsor and a gambling company sponsor.IMPLICATIONS: Unhealthy product sponsorship of children's sport should be addressed as part of a comprehensive regulation designed to reduce exposure to marketing of unhealthy foods." ]

[ "Physical activity's role in promoting health is highlighted in public health campaigns, news and current affairs, reality television and other programs. An investigation of audience exposure, beliefs and reactions to media portrayals of physical activity offers insights into the salience and influence of this communication. An audience reception study was conducted involving in-depth interviews with 46 adults in New South Wales, Australia. The sample was stratified by gender, age group, area of residence and body mass index. Most respondents could only recall media coverage of physical activity with prompting. Television was the primary channel of exposure, with reality television the dominant source, followed by news programs and sports coverage. The messages most readily recalled were the health risks of inactivity, especially obesity, and the necessity of keeping active. Physical activity was regarded as a matter of personal volition, or for children, parental responsibility. Respondents believed that the media had given physical activity inadequate attention, focused too heavily on risks and not provided practical advice. In Australia, there is a need to counter the framing of physical activity by reality television, and engage the media to generate understanding of the socioecological determinants of inactivity. Physical activity campaigns should deliver positive and practical messages.", "OBJECTIVES: The field of sport injury prevention has seen a marked increase in published research in recent years, with concomitant proliferation of lay sport safety resources, such as policies, fact sheets and posters. The aim of this study was to catalogue and categorise the number, type and topic focus of sport safety resources from a representative set of key organisations.DESIGN: Cataloguing and qualitative document analysis of resources available from the websites of six stakeholder organisations in Australia.SETTING: This study was part of a larger investigation, the National Guidance for Australian Football Partnerships and Safety (NoGAPS) project.PARTICIPANTS: The NoGAPS study provided the context for a purposive sampling of six organisations involved in the promotion of safety in Australian football. These partners are recognised as being highly representative of organisations at national and state level that reflect similarly in their goals around sport safety promotion in Australia.RESULTS: The catalogue comprised 284 resources. More of the practical and less prescriptive types of resources, such as fact sheets, than formal policies were found. Resources for the prevention of physical injuries were the predominant sport safety issue addressed, with risk management, environmental issues and social behaviours comprising other categories. Duplication of resources for specific safety issues, within and across organisations, was found.CONCLUSIONS: People working within sport settings have access to a proliferation of resources, which creates a potential rivalry for sourcing of injury prevention information. Important issues that are likely to influence the uptake of safety advice by the general sporting public include the sheer number of resources available, and the overlap and duplication of resources addressing the same issues. The existence of a large number of resources from reputable organisations does not mean that they are necessarily evidence based, fully up to date or even effective in supporting sport safety behaviour change." ]

[ " Shahid Kapoor Shahid Kapoor ( -LSB- ʃaːɦɪd̪ kəˈpuːr -RSB- ; born 25 February 1981 ) , also known as Shahid Khattar , is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi films . The son of actors Pankaj Kapur and Neelima Azeem , Kapoor was born in New Delhi . His parents separated when he was three , and he continued living with his mother . They moved to Mumbai when he was 10 , where he joined Shiamak Davar 's dance academy . Kapoor appeared as a background dancer in a few films of the 1990s , and was later featured in music videos and television commercials . Kapoor made his film debut in 2003 with a leading role in the romantic comedy Ishq Vishk , a sleeper hit for which he won a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut . He followed it with roles in several commercial failures before starring in Sooraj Barjatya 's top-grossing family drama Vivah ( 2006 ) . Kapoor earned nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for portraying a troubled businessman in Imtiaz Ali 's romantic comedy Jab We Met ( 2007 ) and twin brothers in Vishal Bhardwaj 's caper thriller Kaminey ( 2009 ) . After appearing in another series of box office flops , he starred in the action film R. . . Rajkumar ( 2013 ) his highest-grossing release . In 2014 , Kapoor portrayed the Hamlet character in Bhardwaj 's acclaimed drama Haider , for which he won the Best Actor award at Filmfare . Two years later , he played a drug abusing singer in the crime drama Udta Punjab , which won him the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor . Cited in the media as one of the most attractive Indian celebrities , Kapoor maintains his popularity despite a fluctuating career trajectory . Initially recognised for portraying romantic roles , Kapoor has since taken on parts in action films and thrillers . He is the recipient of several awards , including three Filmfare Awards . In addition to acting , Kapoor supports charities , hosts award ceremonies , and has featured as a talent judge on the dance reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Reloaded ( 2015 ) . Following a romantic relationship with the actress Kareena Kapoor , he married Mira Rajput , a student from New Delhi , with whom he has a daughter ." ]

[ " Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. is a 2003 Indian comedy drama film directed by Rajkumar Hirani ( in his directorial debut ) and produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra . The film is loosely based on the 1998 American film Patch Adams . The story involves protagonist Munna Bhai ( Sanjay Dutt ) , a goon , going to medical school . He is helped by his sidekick , Circuit ( Arshad Warsi ) . It stars Sanjay Dutt , Arshad Warsi , Jimmy Shergill , Gracy Singh , Boman Irani and Sunil Dutt and was later followed by a second film Lage Raho Munna Bhai , and became the first installment of the Munna Bhai film series . On 25 February 2016 , Sanjay Dutt was released from Yerwada Central Jail after completing his sentence ( 2013-2016 ) for illegal possession of firearms in 1993 . Vidhu Vinod Chopra announced on 29 September 2016 that production on the third Munna Bhai film starring Dutt in the title role will begin in 2017 . It went on to win the 2004 National Film Award for Best Popular Film , and several Filmfare awards , including the Critics Award for Best Movie and Best Screenplay . At the box office , it achieved a silver jubilee status ( 25-week run ) being one of only eight films to have achieved this status since the year 2000 . In its 26th week of release the film could still be found playing on 257 screens throughout India . Made at a Budget of only 10 crores , the movie went on the collect Rs . 24 crores at the Box Office in 2003 .", " Om Jai Jagadish Om Jai Jagadish is a 2002 Bollywood film directed by Anupam Kher and was his directorial debut . The film stars Waheeda Rehman , Anil Kapoor , Fardeen Khan , Abhishek Bachchan , Mahima Chaudhry , Urmila Matondkar , Salman Khan and Tara Sharma ." ]

[ "The Caputo fractional wave equation [Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 13, 529-539 (1967)] models power-law attenuation and dispersion for both viscoelastic and ultrasound wave propagation. The Caputo model can be derived from an underlying fractional constitutive equation and is causal. In this study, an approximate analytical time-domain Green's function is derived for the Caputo equation in three dimensions (3D) for power law exponents greater than one. The Green's function consists of a shifted and scaled maximally skewed stable distribution multiplied by a spherical spreading factor 1/(4R). The approximate one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) Green's functions are also computed in terms of stable distributions. Finally, this Green's function is decomposed into a loss component and a diffraction component, revealing that the Caputo wave equation may be approximated by a coupled lossless wave equation and a fractional diffusion equation." ]

[ "Space-fractional operators have been used with success in a variety of practical applications to describe transport processes in media characterised by spatial connectivity properties and high structural heterogeneity altering the classical laws of diffusion. This study provides a systematic investigation of the spatio-temporal effects of a space-fractional model in cardiac electrophysiology. We consider a simplified model of electrical pulse propagation through cardiac tissue, namely the monodomain formulation of the Beeler-Reuter cell model on insulated tissue fibres, and obtain a space-fractional modification of the model by using the spectral definition of the one-dimensional continuous fractional Laplacian. The spectral decomposition of the fractional operator allows us to develop an efficient numerical method for the space-fractional problem. Particular attention is paid to the role played by the fractional operator in determining the solution behaviour and to the identification of crucial differences between the non-fractional and the fractional cases. We find a positive linear dependence of the depolarization peak height and a power law decay of notch and dome peak amplitudes for decreasing orders of the fractional operator. Furthermore, we establish a quadratic relationship in conduction velocity, and quantify the increasingly wider action potential foot and more pronounced dispersion of action potential duration, as the fractional order is decreased. A discussion of the physiological interpretation of the presented findings is made.", "In this work lipid ordering phase changes arising in planar membrane bilayers is investigated both accounting for elasticity alone and for effective viscoelastic response of such assemblies. The mechanical response of such membranes is studied by minimizing the Gibbs free energy which penalizes perturbations of the changes of areal stretch and their gradients only (Deseri and Zurlo, 2013). As material instabilities arise whenever areal stretches characterizing homogeneous configurations lie inside the spinoidal zone of the free energy density, bifurcations from such configurations are shown to occur as oscillatory perturbations of the in-plane displacement. Experimental observations (Espinosa et al., 2011) show a power-law in-plane viscous behavior of lipid structures allowing for an effective viscoelastic behavior of lipid membranes, which falls in the framework of Fractional Hereditariness. A suitable generalization of the variational principle invoked for the elasticity is applied in this case, and the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation is found together with a set of boundary and initial conditions. Separation of variables allows for showing how Fractional Hereditariness owes bifurcated modes with a larger number of spatial oscillations than the corresponding elastic analog. Indeed, the available range of areal stresses for material instabilities is found to increase with respect to the purely elastic case. Nevertheless, the time evolution of the perturbations solving the Euler-Lagrange equation above exhibits time-decay and the large number of spatial oscillation slowly relaxes, thereby keeping the features of a long-tail type time-response." ]

[ "Prospective randomized trials and retrospective reviews from academic centers have documented the success of breast-conserving therapy (BCT) for patients with early stage breast carcinoma. The authors retrospectively reviewed the outcome of BCT for early stage breast carcinoma to determine the success of BCT at the study institution, a 1000-bed community hospital. Between January 1980 and December 1987, 400 cases of Stage I and II breast carcinoma were managed with BCT at the study institution. All patients were treated with an excisional biopsy. The axilla was surgically staged in 383 patients (96%). Postoperative treatment was composed of 45-50 gray (Gy) external beam irradiation to the whole breast and a boost to the tumor bed to at least 60 Gy in all patients. The median follow-up of the 292 surviving patients is 118 months. At last follow-up, there were 37 local recurrences for 5- and 10-year actuarial rates of 4% and 10%, respectively. Clinical, pathologic, and treatment-related factors were analyzed for an association with local recurrence. On univariate analysis, patient age < or = 35 years and positive surgical margins were associated with an increased risk of local recurrence. On multivariate analysis, only patient age < or = 35 years remained significant. The 10-year actuarial regional recurrence rate was 5%. The 10-year actuarial cause specific survival rate was 91% and 69% for Stage I and II patients, respectively" ]

[ "Young age is known to be an independent factor for developing local recurrence (LR) in breast cancer patients. It has also been shown that the occurrence of LR negatively affects patient outcome, especially if LR occurs within 3 years after treatment of the primary tumour. The question whether the impact of LR on patient outcome differs according to the patient's age has not been addressed before. The purpose of the present study is to investigate cancer-specific survival (CSS) as well as overall survival after LR in young patients (<50 years old) and to compare it to older patients. The age cut-off level was taken as 50 to avoid strong imbalance in patient numbers between the 2 groups. Between 1974 and 2003, 2,130 breast cancer patients were treated with conservative surgery and axillary dissection. All of them received post-operative radiotherapy. Adjuvant chemo- and/or hormonal therapy was given according to the prognostic factors and the treatment policy at the time of diagnosis. Only biopsy-confirmed ipsilateral LRs were taken into account. Early LRs were those observed within 36 months after surgery, and late LRs were those which occurred thereafter. The median follow-up was 100 months. Survival analysis was conducted with the Kaplan-Meier method", "Background: Breast-conserving surgery (bcs) and radiation therapy (rt) are the standard of care for early breast cancer, although some women receive ipsilateral mastectomy or adjuvant tamoxifen, both of which can be appropriate alternatives to rt. Objectives of the present study were to determine the proportion of women who are treated appropriately after bcs and to identify factors associated with non-receipt of rt.Methods: This retrospective cohort study used Ontario data linked at the Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences to examine 33,718 patients who received bcs during 2004-2010. Primary outcome was rt receipt. The ipsilateral mastectomy rate and patient, surgeon, and setting variables were measured.Results: Of the study patients, 86.1% received either rt or completion mastectomy; in the cohort less than 70 years of age, 90.8% received rt or completion mastectomy. Among patients less than 70 years of age, 3 risk factors for non-receipt of rt were identified: age less than 46 years, treatment in a non-academic institution, and earlier year of initial bcs. Additionally, in the overall cohort, rt non-receipt was associated with high comorbidity, more than 40 km to the cancer centre, income quintile, and breast care specialization.Conclusions: In Ontario, 90.8% of patients less than 70 years of age are appropriately treated for early breast cancer; approximately 1 in 10 do not receive rt or completion mastectomy. Based on those findings, women less than 46 years of age might be at increased risk of recurrence and death because of incomplete treatment. It also appears that academic centres more effectively treat breast cancer; however, breast cancer care appears to be improving over time in Ontario." ]

[ "A vocational evaluation is a form of expert opinion. You can submit a copy of an evaluator's report to the judge, use it in settlement negotiations, or call the evaluator to testify at trial. However you use it, an evaluation can be pivotal to the outcome of your litigation. Divorce is never easy, but we can help." ]

[ "Eligibility for vocational rehabilitation is based on whether: the worker is unable to do his or her usual and customary job because of the injury; the employer is unable to provide other suitable employment, and; rehabilitation services will benefit the worker.", "Eligibility for vocational rehabilitation is based on whether: 1 the worker is unable to do his or her usual and customary job because of the injury; 2 the employer is unable to provide other suitable employment, and; 3 rehabilitation services will benefit the worker." ]

[ "Foreclosed: N/A. The average home price in Rochester is $174,950, which is 1.7% lower than the average sold price in Rochester ($177,900) . The average home price per square foot in Rochester is $69 and about 4% of all homes in Rochester sold in the last 6 months." ]

[ "It found that Orono was the most expensive market in Minnesota, with the average home there costing about $1.3 million dollars. Orono was the only city outside of California on the list of the top 10 most expensive housing markets in the country. It ranks 9th nationally. The Coldwell Banker Home Listing Report says the average listing price in Minnesota is about $430,000. But if you have your sights set on something fancier, Orono is the place to be.", "With numerous art museums around the state, you can admire many pieces of art from a variety of different artists; Minnesota has a population of roughly 5.5 million people, the average sales price of a home in Minnesota is $274,400. The average price range of a modular home in Minnesota is $55 to $85 per square foot. Therefore, the average starting cost of a 1,800 square foot prefabricated home is $126,000, making prefabricated housing a fiscally responsible choice for Minnesota’s would-be home buyers. These prices may vary in metropolitan areas such as Minneapolis and Saint Paul." ]

[ "Cooling during the entire dry period abates the negative effects of heat stress postpartum, yet the temporal relationship of cooling (i.e., early or late dry period) to performance is unknown. We evaluated the effect of heat stress early, late, and for the entire dry period on subsequent performance. Cows were selected based on mature-equivalent milk yield and dried off 45 d before expected calving. Cows were blocked by parity, previous 305-d mature equivalent milk yield, and body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to cooling (shade, fans, and soakers; CL) or heat stress (shade; HT). Treatments included CL (n = 20) or HT (n = 18) during the entire dry period, HT during the first 3 wk dry and then CL until calving (HTCL, n = 21), or CL during the first 3 wk dry period and then HT until calving (CLHT, n = 19). Heat stress increased rectal temperature (RT; CL, 38.8; HT, 39.1 0.04C) and respiration rate (RR; CL, 52.9; HT, 70.5 1.9 breaths/min) during the early dry period. In the late dry period, HT increased RT and RR relative to CL cows (RT = CL, 38.7; HT, 39.1; CLHT, 39.1; HTCL, 38.9 0.05C; RR = CL, 47; HT, 64; CLHT, 66; HTCL, 53 2.1 breaths/min). During the early dry period, HT decreased dry matter intake (CL, 11.8; HT, 10.5 0.35 kg/d) but dry matter intake did not differ among treatments during late dry period (HT, 10.7; HTCL, 11.1; CL, 11.2; CLHT, 10.1 0.55 kg/d). Cows exposed to prepartum cooling during the entire dry period had increased dry matter intake compared with cows exposed to heat stress during the late dry period (CL vs. CLHT, 11.2 0.55 and 10.1 0.55 kg/d, respectively). Heat stress at any time reduced gestation length compared with cows under prepartum cooling during the entire dry period (CL, 277 vs. HT, 274; CLHT, 273; and HTCL, 274 1.17 d). Dry period length decreased by approximately 4 d if cows were exposed to HT at any time. During the early dry period, HT decreased BW, whereas CL increased BW relative to that at dry-off (CL, 6.9; HT, -9.4 3.7 kg). In the late dry period, we detected no differences in BW gain among treatments, but cows exposed to prepartum cooling for the entire dry period tended to have increased BW gain compared with HT and HTCL. Prepartum cooling during the early or late dry period alone partially rescued milk yield only in the first 3 wk of lactation (CL, 32.9; HT, 26.6; CLHT, 29.7; HTCL, 30.7 1.37 kg/d). Cooling for the entire dry period increased milk yield up to 30 wk into lactation compared with all other treatments. Thus, HT at any time during the dry period compromises performance of cows after calving." ]

[ "The timing in which supplements are provided in grazing systems can affect dry matter (DM) intake and productive performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of timing of corn silage supplementation on ingestive behaviour, DM intake, milk yield and composition in grazing dairy cows. In total, 33 Holstein dairy cows in a randomized block design grazed on a second-year mixed grass-legume pasture from 0900 to 1500 h and received 2.7 kg of a commercial supplement at each milking. Paddock sizes were adjusted to provide a daily herbage allowance of 15 kg DM/cow determined at ground level. The three treatments imposed each provided 3.8 kg DM/day of corn silage offered in a single meal at 0800 h (Treatment AM), equally distributed in two meals 0800 and 1700 h (Treatment AM-PM) or a single meal at 1700 h (Treatment PM). The experiment was carried out during the late autumn and early winter period, with 1 week of adaptation and 6 weeks of measurements. There were no differences between treatments in milk yield, but 4% fat-corrected milk yield tended to be greater in AM-PM than in AM cows, which did not differ from PM (23.7, 25.3 and 24.60.84 kg/day for AM, AM-PM and PM, respectively). Fat percentage and yield were greater for AM-PM than for AM cows and intermediate for PM cows (3.89 v. 3.660.072% and 1.00 v. 0.920.035 kg/day, respectively). Offering corn silage in two meals had an effect on herbage DM intake which was greater for AM-PM than AM cows and was intermediate in PM cows (8.5, 11.0 and 10.30.68 kg/day for AM, AM-PM and PM, respectively). During the 6-h period at pasture, the overall proportion of observations on which cows were grazing tended to be different between treatments and a clear grazing pattern along the grazing session (1-h observation period) was identified. During the time at pasture, the proportion of observations during which cows ruminated was positively correlated with the DM intake of corn silage immediately before turn out to pasture. The treatment effects on herbage DM intake did not sufficiently explain differences in productive performance. This suggests that the timing of the corn silage supplementation affected rumen kinetics and likewise the appearance of hunger and satiety signals as indicated by observed changes in temporal patterns of grazing and ruminating activities.", "The primary objectives of the current study were to investigate animal factors associated with core body temperature (CBT) and to determine the time of the day in which CBT assessment best describes the magnitude of hyperthermia throughout the day of heat-stressed dry cows. The secondary objective was to develop a predictive model for CBT of dry cows. Nonlactating Holstein cows (n = 105) with 250 to 260 d of gestation from 2 commercial dairies were enrolled in the study during summer. During 4 consecutive days, CBT from all cows was recorded in 5-min intervals and average CBT was calculated for each cow. In addition, mean, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation of daily CBT were calculated and using these measures cows were categorized as having high temperature (HT) or low temperature (LT) based on the median values. Cows carrying twins had greater (P < 0.01) CBT than cows bearing singletons (39.07 0.07 vs. 38.84 0.03 C). Average CBT decreased (P < 0.01) 0.015 0.004 C for each 1-d increase in gestation length. Cows in Dairy A tended (P = 0.09) to have lower CBT than cows in Dairy B (38.91 0.04 vs. 39.00 0.06 C). Season of birth, lactation number, body condition score category, previous projected 305-d mature equivalent milk yield, days in milk at dry-off, days after dry-off at enrollment, days of gestation at enrollment, and calf sex were not associated (P > 0.12) with CBT. Principal component analyses showed that 71% of the variance of CBT was explained by the first principal component alone, which was correlated with mean CBT (r = 0.99). Among all time points assessed, CBT recorded at 2215 h had the highest correlation with the first principal component (r = 0.93). The best agreement for classifying cows as HT or LT was between mean daily CBT and assessment at 2215 h (k = 0.73). The model that resulted in best predictivity (0.56) of average CBT included the following variables: dairy, gestation length, and twinning. In conclusion, findings from the present study suggest that CBT assessed between 250 and 260 d of gestation is negatively associated with gestation length and cows bearing twins have greater CBT than singletons. Our results indicate that the best time of the day to evaluate severity of heat stress in dry cows is 2215 h. Predictive models for CBT of dry cows should include dairy, twinning, and gestation length." ]

[ "Swimming in chlorinated water might have precipitated the infection. A course of antibiotic for 5 days will give good relief from your all symptoms as it will clear the infection. Meanwhile, take Ibuprofen, paracetamol combination and decongestant to give you symptomatic relief from all symptoms. Take plenty of water. Take complete rest. Ok and take care" ]

[ "I studied your query in depth. In my opinion-dear, you appear to have pharyngitis -, which needs to be treated. I would advise you to -Add-Tb-Antibiotic and Tb-NSAIDs, with Tb pantoprazole-, which would relive the -Lump in throat feeling. Cause of lump in throat is the pharyngitis with Eustachian salpingitis-as you had -ear-pain on the same side of throat -lump feeling while swallowing. .", "The symptoms you have mentioned can be caused by pleurisy. Pleurisy is an infection of the outer covering of the lungs called the pleura. It can cause pain along the ribs increasing on deep breathing, fever, breathing difficulty and cough. It takes about two weeks to be cured hence you may feel weak and dizzy. Another reason here may be due to antibiotics. Some people do not tolerate antibiotics and have dizziness after antibiotic use. So keep taking the medications you have been prescribed and if you don't feel fine after three more days (total 5 days on antibiotics, you must visit your doctor and get your antibiotics changed. At this point of time just two days after pleurisy, you need not be worried. Just give your body and antibiotics time to fig" ]

[ "I want to be home with my children and at least into kindergarten." ]

[ "I do not want to stay home with my children at all." ]

[ "Recent behavioral findings with the AX-Continous Performance Task (AX-CPT; Morales et al., 2013) show that bilinguals only outperform monolinguals under conditions that require the highest adjustment between monitoring (proactive) and inhibitory (reactive) control, which supports the idea that bilingualism modulates the coordination of different control mechanisms. In an ERP experiment we aimed to further investigate the role that bilingualism plays in the dynamic combination of proactive and reactive control in the AX-CPT. Our results strongly indicate that bilingualism facilitates an effective adjustment between both components of cognitive control. First, we replicated previous behavioral results. Second, ERP components indicated that bilingualism influences the conflict monitoring, response inhibition and error monitoring components of control (as indexed by the N2 and P3a elicited by the probe and the error-related negativity following incorrect responses, respectively). Thus, bilinguals exerted higher reactive control than monolinguals but only when they needed to overcome the competing cue-information. These findings join others in suggesting that a better understanding of the cognitive benefits of bilingualism may require consideration of a multi-component perspective." ]

[ "To understand how socioeconomic status (SES) and bilingualism simultaneously operate on cognitive and sensory function, we examined executive control, language skills, and neural processing of sound in adolescents who differed in language experience (i.e. English monolingual or Spanish-English bilingual) and level of maternal education (a proxy for SES). We hypothesized that experience communicating in two languages provides an enriched linguistic environment that can bolster neural precision in subcortical auditory processing which, in turn, enhances cognitive and linguistic function, regardless of the adolescent's socioeconomic standing. Consistent with this, we report that adolescent bilinguals of both low and high SES demonstrate more stable neural responses, stronger phonemic decoding skills, and heightened executive control, relative to their monolingual peers. These results support the argument that bilingualism can bolster cognitive and neural function in low-SES children and suggest that strengthened neural response consistency provides a biological mechanism through which these enhancements occur.", "PURPOSE: The Spanish-English bilingual population has been on a steady rise in the United States and is projected to continue to grow. Speech audiometry, a key component of hearing care, must be customized for this linguistically unique and diverse population.METHOD: The tutorial summarizes recent findings concerning Spanish-English bilinguals' performance on English and Spanish speech audiometric tests in the context of the psychometric properties of the tests and the language and dialect profile of the individual (language status, history, stability, competency, and use). The tutorial also provides arguments for evaluating bilingual clients in Spanish, in English, or in both languages, which may serve as rationales in support of varied bilingual clinical practices. Last, the tutorial provides information regarding Spanish speech audiometry, including available tests, issues that clinicians may encounter when administering them, and dialectal consideration.CONCLUSIONS: It is a challenge as well as an opportunity for clinicians to expand service to the Spanish-English bilingual community. Understanding the characteristics of the individual and the test is essential for ensuring quality services to the bilingual client." ]

[ "Heighth is a colloquial variant of height formed by analogy with similar measurement terms such as length, breadth, width, and depth, which end in th. Heighth might be considered incorrect in formal writing, and no dictionaries that we know of list it as a living word. Its use is a common peeve among people who consider themselves careful users of English. But those who are peeved by heighth should go easier on it. It is not just a new colloquialism." ]

[ "Weights and Measuresdistance upward from a given level to a fixed point:the height from the ground to the first floor; the height of an animal at the shoulder. stature:She is five feet in height. considerable or great altitude or elevation:the height of the mountains.", "DBH - diameter of the tree at breast height; a common measure of tree trunk thickness at about 4 ft from the ground. Deciduous - see “Hardwood.” Fruit or fruiting body - a mature plant ovary; contains seeds. Hardwood - a term commonly applied to broad-leaved or deciduous trees; although some may be evergreen, they do not bear cones." ]

[ "The aim of the study was to compare the pre-operative metabolic tumour length on FDG PET/CT with the resected pathological specimen in patients with oesophageal cancer. All patients diagnosed with oesophageal carcinoma who had undergone staging PET/CT imaging between the period of June 2002 and May 2008 who were then suitable for curative surgery, either with or without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, were included in this study. Metabolic tumour length was assessed using both visual analysis and a maximum standardised uptake value (SUV(max)) cutoff of 2.5. Thirty-nine patients proceeded directly to curative surgical resection, whereas 48 patients received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, followed by curative surgery. The 95% limits of agreement in the surgical arm were more accurate when the metabolic tumour length was visually assessed with a mean difference of -0.05 cm (SD 2.16 cm) compared to a mean difference of +2.42 cm (SD 3.46 cm) when assessed with an SUV(max) cutoff of 2.5. In the neo-adjuvant group, the 95% limits of agreement were once again more accurate when assessed visually with a mean difference of -0.6 cm (SD 1.84 cm) compared to a mean difference of +1.58 cm (SD 3.1 cm) when assessed with an SUV(max) cutoff of 2.5" ]

[ "Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can have altered sugar transport into cells, potentially affecting the results of 18-FDG PET scans. The specific aim of this study was to determine the effect of DM on pre- and post-treatment standard uptake value (SUV) scores in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma undergoing preoperative or definitive chemoradiotherapy underwent pre- and posttreatment 18-FDG PET scans. Maximum SUV score was measured from the tumor before chemoradiotherapy and 3 to 4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy (preoperatively). Patients were identified as having DM by medical record review. Random serum glucose measurements were obtained prior to 18-FDG PET scans. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test for differences in SUV scores between patients with and without DM, and a generalized linear model with backward selection was applied to search for significant predictors of initial and posttreatment SUV scores. Sixty-three patients underwent 18-FDG PET scans during the course of treatment for esophageal malignancies between 6/02 and 8/05. Fifty-four patients received chemotherapy. The median radiation dose was 46.8 Gy. Eighteen patients had DM, six were insulin-dependent DM (IDDM). There was no difference in initial SUV scores between DM and non-DM patients (P > .05). There was also no difference in initial SUV scores between IDDM and non-IDDM groups. Patients with tumors at the gastroesophageal junction had lower initial SUV scores compared to patients with tumors in the lower or mid-esophagus (P = .05). T stage was associated with initial SUV score (T2 lower than T3, P = .014). Older age (P = .03), diabetes (P = .007), higher T stage (P = .002), and presence of nodes (P = .05) were each positively associated with posttreatment SUV scores. Blood glucose levels prior to 18-FDG PET scan, endoscopic tumor length, and tumor location were not predictive of posttreatment SUV scores. Patients with DM had significantly lower posttreatment SUV scores compared to patients without DM (P = .04). Pathologic complete response or percent SUV decrease did not differ between patients with or without DM", "The type of pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer predicts overall survival (OS).We aimed to assess early 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography parameters in predicting the pathological response to neoadjuvant treatment.The cohort included consecutive patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer who underwent baseline 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography between September 2006 and February 2015. Positron emission tomography variables of maximum and average standardized uptake values (SUVmax, SUVaverage), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis were recorded in addition to computed tomography volume. MTV was calculated using cut-off values of 42%, 50% and 60% (MTV 0.42, 0.5, and 0.6) of the tumoral SUVmax. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine sensitivity and specificity.Sixty-one patients (44 male, 17 female) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Only MTV values of 13.6 mL (MTV 0.42) and 7.4 mL (MTV 0.5) remained significant on ROC analysis, with an area under the curve of 0.690 (confidence interval 0.557-0.823, p = .02] and 0.664 (confidence interval 0.527-0.802, P = .048), respectively in differentiating patients with a complete (n = 44) or incomplete (n = 17) pathological response.MTV at presentation is associated with the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer." ]

[ "film was also released in the United States on June 22, 2018. \"\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\" was released digitally on September 4, 2018, and on Blu-ray, DVD, Blu-ray 3D and 4K Blu-ray on September 18, 2018. \"\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\" grossed $416.8 million in the United States and Canada plus $888.2 million in other territories for a total worldwide gross of $1.305 billion, against a production budget in the range of $170–187 million. The film crossed the $1 billion mark on July 5, 2018, becoming the 35th film of all-time to reach this milestone, and the seventh film for Universal." ]

[ "male and 48% were female. The film set a record for the largest second-weekend gross, its revenue dropping by 49% to $106.6 million and it topped the North American box office for three consecutive weekends. Other records set by the film at the time include the biggest weekend-per-theater average for a wide release—$48,855 per theater— the fastest film to reach $100 million and each additional $50 million through $600 million, and the largest cumulative gross through every day of release until and including its fifty-third day—with the exception of its first day. As of June 21, 2015, screenings in RealD,", "World\"\" for this trilogy’s final chapter. Many reviewers singled out the scene where a lone \"\"Brachiosaurus\"\", stranded on Isla Nublar, succumbs to the volcanic fumes while the characters helplessly watch from the departing ship, as \"\"poignant\"\" or \"\"haunting\"\", especially given the species' role in the first movie. An untitled sequel, known as \"\"Jurassic World 3\"\", is scheduled for release on June 11, 2021. Trevorrow will direct the film, and write the screenplay with Emily Carmichael. It is based on a story by Trevorrow and Connolly. Trevorrow will also serve as executive producer with Steven Spielberg; Marshall and Crowley will serve" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Difficulty turning is a major contributor to mobility disability, falls, and reduced quality of life in older people because it requires dynamic balance control that worsens with age. However, no study has quantified the quality and quantity of turning during normal daily activities in older people. The objective of this pilot study was to determine if quality of turning during daily activities is associated with falls and/or cognitive function.METHODS: Thirty-five elderly participants (85 8 years) wore three Opal inertial sensors. Turning and activity rate were measured. Based on retrospective falls, participants were grouped into nonfallers (N = 16), single fallers (N = 12), and recurrent fallers (N = 7). We also determined which turning characteristic predicted falls in the 6 months following the week of monitoring.RESULTS: Quality of turning was significantly compromised in recurrent fallers compared with nonfallers (p < .05). In contrast, activity rate and mean number of turns per hour were similar across the three groups. Also, quality of turning during a prescribed test was similar across the three groups. Visuospatial and memory functions and the Tinetti Balance Scores were associated with quality of turning. Future falls were related to an increased variability of number of steps to turn.CONCLUSIONS: Continuous monitoring of turning characteristics, while walking during daily activities, is feasible in older people. Turning characteristics during daily life appear to be more sensitive to fall risk than prescribed turning tasks. These findings suggest a slower, less variable, cautious turning strategy in elderly volunteers with a history of falls." ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: To investigate the preferences of ACP and healthcare autonomy in community-dwelling older Chinese adults.METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with older adults living in the residential estate of Chaoyang District, Beijing.RESULTS: 900 residents were enrolled. 80.9% of them wanted to hear the truth regarding their own condition from the physician; 52.4% preferred to make their own healthcare decisions. Only 8.9% of them preferred to endure life-prolonging interventions when faced with irreversible conditions. 78.3% of the respondents had not heard of an ACP; only 39.4% preferred to document in an ACP. Respondents with higher education had significantly higher proportion of having heard of an ACP, as well as preferring to document in an ACP, compared to those with lower education. Those aged <70 years had higher proportion of having heard of an ACP, as well as refusing life-prolonging interventions when faced with irreversible conditions, compared to those aged ? 70 years.CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of community-dwelling older Chinese adults appeared to have healthcare autonomy and refuse life-prolonging interventions in terms of end-of-life care, a low level of \"Planning ahead\" awareness and preference was apparent. Age and education level may be the influential factors.", "Gait is a powerful measurement tool to evaluate the functional decline throughout ageing. Falls in elderly adults happen mainly during the redirection of the center of mass of the body (CoM) in the transition between steps. In young adults, this step-to-step transition begins before the double contact phase (DC) with a simultaneous forward and upward acceleration of the CoM. We hypothesize that, compared to young adults, elderly adults would exhibit unbalanced contribution of the back leg and the front leg during the transition. We calculated the mean vertical push-off done by the back leg (FBACK) and the mean impact force on the front leg (FFRONT) during the transition. Eight young (mean  SD; age: 24  2 y) and 19 elderly (age: 74  6 y) healthy adults walked on a force-measuring treadmill at five selected speeds ranging from 0.56 to 1.67 ms-1. Results show that, at mid and high speeds, elderly adults exhibit a smaller FBACK compared to young adults, possibly linked to the decreased plantar flexion of the back foot. As a consequence, FFRONT is significantly increased and the transition begins lately in the step, at the beginning of DC. Also, elderly adults show an inability to accelerate the CoM upward and forward simultaneously. Our findings show a different adaptation of the step-to-step transition with speed in elderly adults and identify two potential indicators of gait impairment with age: the FFRONT/FBACK contribution and the synchronization between the upward and forward acceleration of the CoM during the transition." ]

[ "Substantial accumulation of neutral sequences accounts for genome size expansion in animal genomes. Numerous novel microRNAs (miRNAs), which evolve in a birth and death manner, are considered evolutionary neutral sequences. The migratory locust is an ideal model to determine whether large genomes contain abundant neutral miRNAs because of its large genome size. A total of 833 miRNAs were discovered, and several miRNAs were randomly chosen for validation by Northern blot and RIP-qPCR. Three additional verification methods, namely, processing-dependent methods of miRNA biogenesis using RNAi, evolutionary comparison with closely related species, and evidence supported by tissue-specific expression, were applied to provide compelling results that support the authenticity of locust miRNAs. We observed that abundant local duplication events of miRNAs, which were unique in locusts compared with those in other insects with small genome sizes, may be responsible for the substantial acquisition of miRNAs in locusts. Together, multiple evidence showed that the locust genome experienced a burst of miRNA acquisition, suggesting that genome size expansion may have considerable influences of miRNA innovation. These results provide new insight into the genomic dynamics of miRNA repertoires under genome size evolution." ]

[ "In this article, we identify and characterise the miRNA machinery components Drosha, Dicer-1 and Argonaute-1 of the desert locust. By means of phylogenetic analyses, we reveal important insights in the evolutionary context of these components. Our data illustrate that insect Argonaute-1 proteins form a monophyletic group with ALG-1 and ALG-2 of Caenorhabditis elegans and with the four (non-Piwi) Argonaute proteins present in humans. On the other hand, humans apparently lack clear homologues of the insect Argonaute-2 proteins. In addition, we demonstrate that drosha, dicer-1 and argonaute-1 display wide transcript tissue-distribution in adult desert locusts, and that during locust phase transition and feeding of starved locusts the expression levels of the miRNA pathway are regulated at the transcript level.", "MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in multicellular organisms. The elucidation of miRNA function and evolution depends on the identification and characterization of miRNA repertoire of strategic organisms, as the fast-evolving cichlid fishes. Using RNA-seq and comparative genomics we carried out an in-depth report of miRNAs in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an emergent model organism to investigate evo-devo mechanisms. Five hundred known miRNAs and almost one hundred putative novel vertebrate miRNAs have been identified, many of which seem to be teleost-specific, cichlid-specific or tilapia-specific. Abundant miRNA isoforms (isomiRs) were identified with modifications in both 5p and 3p miRNA transcripts. Changes in arm usage (arm switching) of nine miRNAs were detected in early development, adult stage and even between male and female samples. We found an increasing complexity of miRNA expression during ontogenetic development, revealing a remarkable synchronism between the rate of new miRNAs recruitment and morphological changes. Overall, our results enlarge vertebrate miRNA collection and reveal a notable differential ratio of miRNA arms and isoforms influenced by sex and developmental life stage, providing a better picture of the evolutionary and spatiotemporal dynamics of miRNAs." ]

[ "Martin Luther King Jr. organized the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955, which began a chain reaction of similar boycotts throughout the South. In 1956, the Supreme Court voted to end segregated busing. In 1955, a little-known minister named Martin Luther King Jr. led the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery." ]

[ "Montgomery Bus Boycott. (4 min) tv-14. For 382 days, almost the entire African-American population of Montgomery, Alabama, including leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, refused to ride on segregated buses, a turning point in the American civil rights movement.", "In protest, a boycott of the buses by black Americans in Montgomery began. It was probably the first example of the economic clout that the community had because eventually, the bus company had to desegregate their buses or face serious financial difficulties as very many black Americans used the buses." ]

[ "There is a recognition of the contribution to global warming from emissions of anaesthetic gases into the atmosphere. We audited sevoflurane use to help guide future initiatives to reduce consumption. We observed sevoflurane use during paediatric anaesthesia in a single operating theatre over eight weeks. We recorded demographics, timing of induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, type of circuit used and amount of liquid sevoflurane used (in mL). Ninety-four cases were available for analysis. Of these, 65 had gas inductions and 29 had intravenous (IV) inductions. The median sevoflurane use was 19 mL (interquartile range, IQR 13–24 mL). The median duration of cases was 50.5 min (IQR 35–78 min). The median sevoflurane consumption for cases with a gas induction was 22 mL (IQR 16–26 mL) and for those with an IV induction was 11 mL (IQR 7–17 mL; P < 0.00001). The duration of cases for the gas and IV induction cohorts were similar. During maintenance of anaesthesia, there was no difference between the IV and gas induction cohorts. There was little difference in sevoflurane use between the T-piece and circle system groups. Cases performed with gas inductions consumed twice the sevoflurane as those with IV inductions. Future interventions to reduce sevoflurane consumption should focus on this period." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that deep anesthesia with sevoflurane, known as a potent immunomodulator, for 4h would worsen the 24-h outcomes of rats through modulation of the inflammatory responses.METHODS: Forty-nine male Wistar rats, administered low dose of lipopolysaccharide (0.5mg/kg) intravenously to elicit moderate inflammatory responses mimicked mild surgical stress, underwent one minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) or 2 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia for 4h. The 24-h survival rate, arterial blood gases, plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- concentrations, and rate of T lymphocyte apoptosis in spleen were evaluated. We further examined the effects of hypotension and TNF- discharge on the survival rate.RESULTS: The survival rate in 2 MAC group was significantly lower accompanied with decreased base excess and increased level of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-) compared to 1 MAC group. The apoptosis rate did not differ between the two groups. Neither norepinephrine infusion to restore hypotension nor administration of anti-TNF- antibody improved the outcome in the 2 MAC group.CONCLUSIONS: Deep anesthesia with sevoflurane even for a short-term period augments the release of inflammatory cytokines evoked by inflammatory insults like surgical stress, impairs the acid-base balance, and subsequently deteriorates the outcomes.", "Sevoflurane is a commonly used inhaled general anesthetic. Despite this, its mechanism of action remains largely elusive. Compared to other anesthetics, sevoflurane exhibits distinct functional activity. In particular, sevoflurane is a positive modulator of voltage-gated Shaker-related potassium channels (Kv1.x), which are key regulators of action potentials. Here, we report the synthesis and validation of azisevoflurane, a photoaffinity ligand for the direct identification of sevoflurane binding sites in the Kv1.2 channel. Azisevoflurane retains major sevoflurane protein binding interactions and pharmacological properties within in vivo models. Photoactivation of azisevoflurane induces adduction to amino acid residues that accurately reported sevoflurane protein binding sites in model proteins. Pharmacologically relevant concentrations of azisevoflurane analogously potentiated wild-type Kv1.2 and the established mutant Kv1.2 G329T. In wild-type Kv1.2 channels, azisevoflurane photolabeled Leu317 within the internal S4-S5 linker, a vital helix that couples the voltage sensor to the pore region. A residue lining the same binding cavity was photolabeled by azisevoflurane and protected by sevoflurane in the Kv1.2 G329T. Mutagenesis of Leu317 in WT Kv1.2 abolished sevoflurane voltage-dependent positive modulation. Azisevoflurane additionally photolabeled a second distinct site at Thr384 near the external selectivity filter in the Kv1.2 G329T mutant. The identified sevoflurane binding sites are located in critical regions involved in gating of Kv channels and related ion channels. Azisevoflurane has thus emerged as a new tool to discover inhaled anesthetic targets and binding sites and investigate contributions of these targets to general anesthesia." ]

[ "In this study we describe two new species of cavicolous-straminicolous crickets for southern Brazil. Endecous chape n. sp. and E. naipi n. sp. are sympatric crickets that inhabit the Atlantic Semideciduous Forest of the Igua?u National Park and adjacent areas. The descriptions were based on morphological characters, mainly from male genitalia and tegmina of adult males. Furthermore, we describe the chromosomes and the calling song of one of the new species, E. chape n. sp., presenting a discussion about the morphology of the phallic complex of Endecous and a distribution map for the species of the genus. The type-material is deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S?o Paulo (MZSP), and in the Cole??o de Insetos do Departamento de Zoologia (Zoology Department Insect Collection), Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP-Botucatu campus." ]

[ "Invertebrate animal species that can withstand temperatures as high as 37C, the human body temperature, are limited. In the present study, we utilized the two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, which lives in tropical and subtropical regions, as an animal model of human pathogenic bacterial infection. Injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus into the hemolymph killed crickets. Injected P. aeruginosa or S. aureus proliferated in the hemolymph until the cricket died. The ability of these pathogenic bacteria to kill the crickets was blocked by the administration of antibiotics. S. aureus gene-knockout mutants of virulence factors, including cvfA, agr and srtA, exhibited decreased killing ability compared with the parent strain. The dose at which 50% of crickets were killed by P. aeruginosa or S. aureus was not decreased at 37C compared with that at 27C. Injection of Listeria monocytogenes, which upregulates toxin expression at 37C, killed crickets, and the dose at which 50% of crickets were killed was decreased at 37C compared with that at 27C. These findings suggest that the two-spotted cricket is a useful model animal for evaluating the virulence properties of various human pathogenic bacteria at variable temperature including 37C.", "Bacterial endosymbiosis is an important evolutionary process in insects, which can harbor both obligate and facultative symbionts. The evolution of these symbionts is driven by evolutionary convergence, and they exhibit among the tiniest genomes in prokaryotes. The large host spectrum of facultative symbionts and the high diversity of strategies they use to infect new hosts probably impact the evolution of their genome and explain why they undergo less severe genomic erosion than obligate symbionts. Candidatus Hamiltonella defensa is suitable for the investigation of the genomic evolution of facultative symbionts because the bacteria are engaged in specific relationships in two clades of insects. In aphids, H. defensa is found in several species with an intermediate prevalence and confers protection against parasitoids. In whiteflies, H. defensa is almost fixed in some species of Bemisia tabaci, which suggests an important role of and a transition toward obligate symbiosis. In this study, comparisons of the genome of H. defensa present in two B. tabaci species (Middle East Asia Minor 1 and Mediterranean) and in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum revealed that they belong to two distinct clades and underwent specific gene losses. In aphids, it contains highly virulent factors that could allow protection and horizontal transfers. In whiteflies, the genome lost these factors and seems to have a limited ability to acquire genes. However it contains genes that could be involved in the production of essential nutrients, which is consistent with a primordial role for this symbiont. In conclusion, although both lineages of H. defensa have mutualistic interactions with their hosts, their genomes follow distinct evolutionary trajectories that reflect their phenotype and could have important consequences on their evolvability." ]

[ "Best Time to Take Cymbalta. Cymbalta® (duloxetine hydrochloride) is a prescription drug licensed to treat depression, fibromyalgia, peripheral diabetic neuropathy pain, chronic pain, and generalized anxiety disorder. It comes in capsule form and is available in three different strengths." ]

[ "CYMBALTA® (duloxetine delayed-release capsules) is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSNRI) for oral administration. Its chemical designation is (+)-(S)-N-methyl-γ-(1- naphthyloxy)-2-thiophenepropylamine hydrochloride.", "Cymbalta is taken for treating Fibromyalgia. 8,610 patients conversations about taking Cymbalta for Fibromyalgia, rating Cymbalta 2.931387537531844 out of 5 for helping in treatment of Fibromyalgia. My bookmarks" ]

[ "Following the guidelines of the 'index technique' that were published in this journal in 2015, this article presents the 'digital index technique,' an updated no-prep restorative approach to the management of worn dentition. Patients with minimal, moderate, and severe hard tissue wear can be treated based on the application of minimally invasive or noninvasive adhesive composite restorations on posterior and anterior worn dentition. The technique allows for a purely additive treatment without sacrificing healthy hard tooth tissue. It follows the principles of biodentistry (maximum conservation of healthy tissue), and the reinforcing of residual dental structure. Depending on the severity of the enamel and dentin wear, the number of caries, and the size of the existing restorations, different treatment options can be applied to each tooth: direct and indirect partial restorations or full crowns. It is essential to diagnose and treat tooth surface loss in order to properly restore biomechanics, function, and esthetics by means of adhesive restorations. This article proposes that the update of the index technique through the digital workflow is a fast and conservative approach for the planning and management of a full-mouth adhesive restoration in all cases of light, moderate, and severe worn dentition. The technique is based on a 'copy-and-paste' guided approach, stamping composite resin directly onto the tooth surface by means of a transparent index created from a full-mouth digital restorative wax-up, following an initially planned increase in occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) through an esthetic and functional analysis." ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: Though applied in bioarchaeology, dental wear is an underexplored age indicator in the biological anthropology of contemporary populations, although research has been conducted on dental attrition in forensic contexts (Kim et al., , Journal of Forensic Sciences, 45, 303; Prince et al., , Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53, 588; Yun et al., , Journal of Forensic Sciences, 52, 678). The purpose of this study is to apply and adapt existing techniques for age estimation based on dental wear to a modern American population, with the aim of producing accurate age range estimates for individuals from an industrialized context.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Methodologies following Yun and Prince were applied to a random sample from the University of New Mexico (n = 583) and Universidade de Coimbra (n = 50) cast and skeletal collections. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between tooth wear scores and age.RESULTS: Application of both Yun et al. () and Prince et al. () methodologies resulted in inaccurate age estimates. Recalibrated sectioning points correctly classified individuals as over or under 50 years for 88% of the sample. Linear regression demonstrated 60% of age estimates fell within 10 years of the actual age, and accuracy improved for individuals under 45 years, with 74% of predictions within 10 years.DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates age estimation from dental wear is possible for modern populations, with comparable age intervals to other established methods. It provides a quantifiable method of seriation into \"older\" and \"younger\" adult categories, and provides more reliable age interval estimates than cranial sutures in instances where only the skull is available.", "Dual X-ray and Laser (DXL) adds a measure of the external thickness of the heel, measured by laser, to a conventional measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) of the calcaneus, using Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). The addition of heel thickness aims at a better separation of fatty tissue from bone than the standard method of DXA, which may mistake fatty tissue for bone and vice versa. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether DXL of the calcaneus can be used to assess the 10-year risk of fractures. Secondary aims were to compare the predictive ability of DXL with the two most established methods, Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and spine and the WHO fracture risk assessment tool, FRAX. In 1999 a cohort of 388 elderly Swedish women (mean age 73.2 years) was examined with all three methods. Prospective fracture data was collected in 2010 from health care registers. One SD decrease in BMD of the heel resulted in an age-adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) of 1.47 for a hip fracture (95% CI 1.09-1.98). Harrell's C is the Cox regression counterpart of the Area Under Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) as a measure of predictive accuracy. Harrell's C for BMD of the calcaneus was 0.65 for prediction of hip fractures. These results were not significantly different from those for BMD of the femoral neck or for FRAX. The HR for a hip fracture, for one SD decrease in BMD at the femoral neck, was 1.72 (95% CI 1.21-2.44. Harrell's C was 0.67 for BMD at the femoral neck and 0.59 for FRAX. We conclude that DXL of the calcaneus could be a useful tool for fracture risk assessments." ]

[ "Banco Santander was founded on 15 May 1857, with Queen Isabel II 's approval. The bank grew and in the 1920s started to build a network of branches.In 1942 it opened in Madrid.s Banco Santander owned 25% of Sovereign, it had the right to buy the bank for $40 per share for one year beginning in the middle of 2008. On June 1, 2006, Sovereign Bank purchased Independence Community Bank Corp. of Brooklyn, New York, for US$ 3.6 billion in cash." ]

[ "Madrid, April 23, 2015. Banco Santander and its partners Warburg Pincus and General Atlantic have reached a preliminary and exclusive agreement, subject to the signing of final terms, to merge Santander Asset Management and Pioneer Investments to create a leading global asset manager in Europe and Latin America.", "Santander Opening Times The regular opening times of most Santander establishments are from Monday to Friday 9AM-5PM, on Saturday 9AM-4PM, most are closed on Sunday. Find the actual opening hours of Santander in our branch locator. Santander has over 770 establishments in the UK, London is the city with the most establishments followed by Glasgow and Leicester. In total you will find this Bank in over 510 cities." ]

[ "Capybaras do not follow the same route while grazing on consecutive days. Capybaras are semi-aquatic mammals found wild in much of South America (including Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, French Guyana, Uruguay, Peru and Paraguay) in dense rainforest areas near bodies of water." ]

[ "It is based on PMI’s project management framework as explained in the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), in its fifth edition as of January, 2013. The CAPM is a relatively new credential, introduced in 2003 (the PMP, on the other hand, was introduced in the United States in 1984).", "Nigerian Dwarf bucks reach height maturity at 30 months. Although most of their growing is accomplished by 12 months, you can expect that they can gain up to two inches at the withers by 30 months. Does reach also reach height maturity at 30 months with most of their growth is reach by 12 months." ]

[ "While cannabinoids have been shown to ameliorate liver fibrosis, their effects in chronic pancreatitis and on pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are unknown. The activity of the endocannabinoid system was evaluated in human chronic pancreatitis (CP) tissues. In vitro, effects of blockade and activation of cannabinoid receptors on pancreatic stellate cells were characterized. In CP, cannabinoid receptors were detected predominantly in areas with inflammatory changes, stellate cells and nerves. Levels of endocannabinoids were decreased compared with normal pancreas. Cannabinoid-receptor-1 antagonism effectuated a small PSC phenotype and a trend toward increased invasiveness. Activation of cannabinoid receptors, however, induced de-activation of PSC and dose-dependently inhibited growth and decreased IL-6 and MCP-1 secretion as well as fibronectin, collagen1 and alphaSMA levels. De-activation of PSC was partially reversible using a combination of cannabinoid-receptor-1 and -2 antagonists. Concomitantly, cannabinoid receptor activation specifically decreased invasiveness of PSC, MMP-2 secretion and led to changes in PSC phenotype accompanied by a reduction of intracellular stress fibres" ]

[ "Mammalian microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in modulating the response of immune cells to stimuli. Cannabinoids are known to exert beneficial actions such as neuroprotection and immunosuppressive activities. However, the underlying mechanisms which contribute to these effects are not fully understood. We previously reported that the psychoactive cannabinoid Ä9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and the non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) differ in their anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate BV-2 microglial cells, we examined the role of cannabinoids on the expression of miRNAs. Expression was analyzed by performing deep sequencing, followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to describe networks and intracellular pathways. miRNA sequencing analysis revealed that 31 miRNAs were differentially modulated by LPS and by cannabinoids treatments. In addition, we found that at the concentration tested, CBD has a greater effect than THC on the expression of most of the studied miRNAs. The results clearly link the effects of both LPS and cannabinoids to inflammatory signaling pathways. LPS upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory miRNAs associated to Toll-like receptor (TLR) and NF-êB signaling, including miR-21, miR-146a and miR-155, whereas CBD inhibited LPS-stimulated expression of miR-146a and miR-155. In addition, CBD upregulated miR-34a, known to be involved in several pathways including Rb/E2f cell cycle and Notch-Dll1 signaling. Our results show that both CBD and THC reduced the LPS-upregulated Notch ligand Dll1 expression. MiR-155 and miR-34a are considered to be redox sensitive miRNAs, which regulate Nrf2-driven gene expression. Accordingly, we found that Nrf2-mediated expression of redox-dependent genes defines a Mox-like phenotype in CBD treated BV-2 cells. In summary, we have identified a specific repertoire of miRNAs that are regulated by cannabinoids, in resting (surveillant) and in LPS-activated microglia. The modulated miRNAs and their target genes are controlled by TLR, Nrf2 and Notch cross-talk signaling and are involved in immune response, cell cycle regulation as well as cellular stress and redox homeostasis.", "Pancreatic stellate cells have been characterized as the major source of extracellular matrix and cytokine production in the pancreas. This study showed that pancreatic stellate cells have a phagocytic function. The morphological features of periacinar phagocytic cells were investigated by immunohistochemically staining serial sections of the pancreas from male WBN/Kob rats and an animal model of acute pancreatitis for glial fibrillary acidic protein and alpha-smooth muscle actin. Pancreatic stellate cells were assayed for phagocytic activity by incubating them with senescent polymorphonuclear neutrophils or fluorescence-labeled latex beads in the presence or absence of cytokines, growth factors, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand. The role of CD36 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in phagocytosis was investigated by blocking endogenous CD36 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity with anti-CD36 antibody and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma small interfering RNAs, respectively. Phagocytic cells were observed in areas of inflammation, and they were identical to the glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells, thus suggesting that they were pancreatic stellate cells. Aged polymorphonuclear neutrophils were ingested into the cytoplasm of the pancreatic stellate cells. Transforming growth factor beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 1beta decreased the phagocytic activity of pancreatic stellate cells, whereas troglitazone induced a dose-dependent increase in both phagocytic activity and expression of CD36. Blockade of CD36 reduced troglitazone-induced phagocytosis. Silencing of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene decreased phagocytosis and expression of CD36" ]

[ "McMillan & Wife McMillan & Wife (known simply as McMillan from 1976–77) is an American police procedural that aired on NBC from 1971 to 1977. Starring Rock Hudson and Susan Saint James in the title roles, the series premiered in episodes as part of Universal Television's wheel series \"\"NBC Mystery Movie\"\", in rotation with \"\"Columbo\"\" and \"\"McCloud\"\". Initially airing on Wednesday night, the original lineup was shifted to Sundays in the second season, where it aired for the rest of its run. This was the first element to be created for the \"\"Mystery Movie\"\" strand. \"\"McMillan & Wife\"\" revolved around", "a 40-ish San Francisco police commissioner, Stuart McMillan (Rock Hudson) and his attractive, bright and affable 20-something wife Sally (Susan Saint James). Often, the storylines featured Mac and Sally attending fashionable parties and charity benefits before solving robberies and murders. John Schuck appeared as Sgt. Charles Enright and Nancy Walker was Mildred, the couple's sarcastic, hard-drinking maid, both characters serving as comic relief. The show ran for five seasons as \"\"McMillan & Wife\"\" and a sixth season as \"\"McMillan\"\" on the NBC television network, from September 17, 1971, to April 24, 1977, for a total of 40 episodes. Like the" ]

[ "Alicia that Zach hid the photos from her to spare her feelings. Because of Peter's imprisonment Alicia, a lawyer herself, is working as a junior associate at a law firm. Alicia serves as second chair for senior partner Diane Lockhart (Christine Baranski) in a murder trial. Their client, Brad Broussard (Tom Degnan), is charged with shooting Miles Wagner. Wagner was an unpopular mutual fund manager who defrauded Broussard and many other out of their life savings by assisting in Bernard Madoff's investment scandal. Broussard was found covered in blood next to Wagner's body, but insists on his innocence. Diane consults", "was a regular cast member. From 1971-1976, she was a regular on the successful Rock Hudson detective series \"\"McMillan & Wife\"\", playing the McMillans' housekeeper, Mildred. During the first two years of \"\"Rhoda\"\", Walker was not featured every week, so she was able to shuttle back and forth between the CBS sitcom and the NBC detective series. These two roles brought her seven Emmy Award nominations. In 1976, ABC-TV offered Walker a contract to headline her own series, \"\"The Nancy Walker Show\"\", which was produced by Norman Lear's production company, in which she starred as Nancy Kittredge, a talent agent." ]

[ "Coronaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses that are important infectious agents of both animals and humans. A common feature among positive-strand RNA viruses is their assembly of replication-transcription complexes in association with cytoplasmic membranes. Upon infection, coronaviruses extensively rearrange cellular membranes into organelle-like replicative structures that consist of double-membrane vesicles and convoluted membranes to which the nonstructural proteins involved in RNA synthesis localize. Double-stranded RNA, presumably functioning as replicative intermediate during viral RNA synthesis, has been detected at the double-membrane vesicle interior. Recent studies have provided new insights into the assembly and functioning of the coronavirus replicative structures. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the biogenesis of the replicative structures, the membrane anchoring of the replication-transcription complexes, and the location of viral RNA synthesis, with particular focus on the dynamics of the coronavirus replicative structures and individual replication-associated proteins." ]

[ "All eukaryotic positive-sense single-strand RNA viruses, (+)ssRNA, replicate their genome in associationwith membranes of host cells. The presence of a replicating virus frequently induces proliferationand rearrangement of the host membranes into various cytopathic structures, including invaginations, vesicles,spherules or membranous webs. Such structures are considered to be virus-induced organelles specializedin replication functions. Virtually all membranes are able to be rearranged to support replication. Thus,membranes from peroxisomes, endosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are used for(+)ssRNA virus replication, but the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is by far the preferred organelle. The specifictype of membrane system utilized in assembling the viral replication complex is strictly dependent on individualviruses and is likely to be genetically determined. The various molecular interactions that govern ER targetingof plant viruses highlight how viruses can exploit the diversity of interactions that occurs between proteinsand membrane or lipid structures.", "Some single-stranded positive-sense RNA [ssRNA(+)] viruses, including Flavivirus, generate specific organelle-like structures in the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These structures are called virus replication organelles and consist of two distinct subdomains, the vesicle packets (VPs) and the convoluted membranes (CMs). The VPs are clusters of small vesicle compartments and are considered to be the site of viral genome replication. The CMs are electron-dense amorphous structures observed in proximity to the VPs, but the exact roles of CMs are mostly unknown. Several recent studies have revealed that flaviviruses recruit several host factors that are usually used for the biogenesis of other conventional organelles and usurp their function to generate virus replication organelles. In the current review, we summarize recent studies focusing on the role of host factors in the formation of virus replication organelles and discuss how these intricate membrane structures are organized." ]

[ "Definition. Station that consist of buildings and airfields used to house and provide runways for airplanes. Navigation towers are also present at airports to provide pilots with direction when landing and taking off of runways. Most airports also have terminals for passengers to load onto and unload from airplanes. Airports are usually built on the ground, but there are also usable airports present on boats as well as bodies of water." ]

[ "Location - The city or other location generally associated with the airport. FAA - The location identifier assigned by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). IATA - The airport code assigned by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Those that do not match the FAA code are shown in bold.", "Use airport in a sentence. Some airports have a special lounge for business travelers where you may be able to get some work done quietly. 23 people found this helpful. I was dropped off at the airport by my friends and had to wait a few hours before my plane arrived and I could leave. 21 people found this helpful." ]

[ "The 10th Amendment says, simply, that 'The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.'" ]

[ "Due Process Clause. ....nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.... Both the Fifth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibit governmental deprivations of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law..he doctrine of procedural due process under both amendments, as well as the definition of life, liberty, or property as the range of interests protected by the respective Due Process Clauses, is addressed in more detail in the entry on Due Process in the Fifth Amendment.", "Amendment 9: The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Explanation: Many framers of the U.S. Constitution did not feel a Bill of Rights was necessary. After all, they argued, these rights are not granted by the government." ]

[ "The following are the steps: 1 Open your presentation in Microsoft PowerPoint. 2 Select Slide Show tab, clear the Use Presenter View box. 3 Select Slide Show | Power Show item. 4 On the Presentations tab, set up the configuration as follows: 5 Select in the first row and 1 monitor.6 Select your in the second row and 1 monitor. Open your presentation in Microsoft PowerPoint. 2 Select Slide Show tab, clear the Use Presenter View box. 3 Select Slide Show | Power Show item. 4 On the Presentations tab, set up the configuration as follows: 5 Select in the first row and 1 monitor. 6 Select your in the second row and 1 monitor. 7 Click Start Show button." ]

[ "Click the box next to the Save copy as field so it's selected, and then click the PowerPoint Presentation file from the drop-down list. Select the folder on your computer where you want to save the Keynote file as a PowerPoint file. Click the Save button.", "Draw on or highlight slides during a presentation. When you use Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007 to deliver your presentation, you can circle, underline, draw arrows, or make other marks on the slides to emphasize a point or show connections.ight-click the slide that you want to write on, point to Pointer Options, and then click a pen or highlighter option. Hold down the left mouse button and drag to write on, draw on, or highlight your slides." ]

[ "Two definitions of a monomial may be encountered: ( 1 1): A monomial, also called power product, is a product of powers of variables with nonnegative integer exponents, or, in other words, a product of variables, possibly with repetitions." ]

[ "Answer Mononucleosis is a viral infection that is transmitted by saliva, thus the nickname, the kissing disease.. It can also be contracted from drinking fountains, cups, glasses, etc. It is highly contagious. The disease can last anywhere from a few weeks to several months.", "Monoglycerides also known as monoacylglycerol is a glyceride that consists of one fatty acid chain covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through an ester linkage." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To identify differences in demographic and socio-economic factors between men seeking infertility evaluation and those undergoing vasectomy, to address disparities in access to these services.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from Cycle 6 and Cycle 7 (2002 and 2006-2008) of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) were reviewed. The NSFG is a multistage probability survey designed to capture a nationally representative sample of households with men and women aged 15-45years in the USA. The variables analysed included age, body mass index, self-reported health, alcohol use, race, religious affiliation, marital status, number of offspring, educational attainment, income level, insurance status and metropolitan home designation. Our primary outcome was the correlation of these demographic and socio-economic factors with evaluation for male infertility or vasectomy.RESULTS: Of the 11067 men identified through the NSFG, 466 men (4.2%) sought infertility evaluation, representing 2187455 men nationally, and 326 (2.9%) underwent a vasectomy, representing 1510386 men nationally. Those seeking infertility evaluation were more likely to be younger and have fewer children (P = 0.001, 0.001) and less likely to be currently married (78 vs 74%; P = 0.010) or ever married (89 vs 97%; P = 0.002). Men undergoing a vasectomy were more likely to be white (86 vs 70%; P = 0.001). Men seeking infertility evaluation were more likely to have a college or graduate degree compared with men undergoing a vasectomy (68 vs 64%; P = 0.015). There was no difference between the two groups for all other variables.CONCLUSION: While differences in demographic characteristics such as age, offspring number and marital status were identified, measures of health, socio-economic status, religion and insurance were similar between men undergoing vasectomy and those seeking infertility services. These factors help characterize the utilization of male reproductive health services in the USA and may help address disparities in access to these services and improve public health strategies." ]

[ "Epidemiologic data suggest men often experience excessive morbidity and early mortality, possibly compromising family and community health over the lifespan. Moreover, the negative financial/economic consequences affected by poor male health outcomes also has been of great concern in the United States and abroad. Early and consistent access to preventative health care may improve health outcomes; however, men are far less likely to access these services. The purpose of this study was to understand what factors preclude men from accessing health care. We surveyed 485 participants using a 58-item online survey built from a conceptual model previously developed by the researchers using hegemonic masculinity theory, the theory of normative contentment, and the health belief model. For men, three items significantly ( ps < .05) predicted whether they had seen a health care provider in the past year: \"I/Men do not access healthcare because I do not think there is anything wrong with me,\" \"My health is only about me,\" and \"I/Men do not access healthcare because most men in my family do not access healthcare.\" Other correlations of practical significance also were noted. Results suggest gender norms and masculine ideals may play a primary role in how men access preventative health care. Future programming targeting males should consider barriers and plan programs that are gender-sensitive in addition to being gender-specific. Clinical implications are discussed.", "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the 2012 American Urological Association vasectomy guidelines on postvasectomy clinical outcomes in a highly mobile military cohort and compare these outcomes with those of civilian counterparts.METHODS: The records of service members who underwent vasectomy between January 2008 and December 2013 and provided at least 1 postvasectomy semen analysis (PVSA) were analyzed in the context of the 2012 guidelines. Time to occlusive success, repeat PVSAs and vasectomies, and health care cost savings were compared between our prior definition of vasectomy success, which required azoospermia, and the 2012 criteria, which included rare nonmotile sperm.RESULTS: Of the 1623 men who underwent vasectomy, 738 men (45%) failed to submit a PVSA, leaving 895 men (55%) who provided at least 1 PVSA. A total of 1084 PVSAs were obtained in these men, who had a mean age of 37 6years. Defining success as azoospermia on first PVSA resulted in a sterility rate of 69%. After application of the 2012 guidelines, 845 patients (94%) achieved sterility by the first PVSA and more patients achieved sterility 60days from vasectomy (96% vs 72%; P<.001). Inclusion of rare nonmotile sperm in our definition of success would have allowed 228 men to forego a second PVSA and prevented 2 (0.002%) unnecessary vasectomies, a savings of $6297.CONCLUSION: PVSA compliance in our military cohort was similar to that of civilian counterparts. The American Urological Association vasectomy guidelines have the potential to decrease the number of repeat vasectomies and laboratory tests, improve the documented success rate, and increase follow-up compliance when applied to a military population." ]

[ "PURPOSE: Somatization is a major post-traumatic symptom in sexually abused children. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and somatization, and between intelligence and somatization in child sexual abuse victims and to elucidate whether type of abuse had an effect on the relationship between PTSD symptoms and somatization.METHODS: This study evaluated the somatizations (Child Behavioral Checklist/6-18 [CBCL]), PTSD symptoms (Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children [TSCC]), and intelligence levels of 63 sexually abused children. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to predict somatization based on PTSD symptoms, intelligence, age, and type of sexual abuse, and to find moderating effect of type of abuse on the effect of PTSD symptom on somatization.RESULTS: PTSD symptoms ( = 0.471, p = 0.001) and intelligence ( = 0.327, p = 0.021) were associated with somatization. Type of abuse was not, by itself, correlated with somatization ( = 0.158, p = 0.281), but it did have a moderating effect on the effect of PTSD symptoms on somatization (Type of abuse*PTSD symptoms, = -0.299, p = 0.047). PTSD symptoms were associated with somatization only among those who experienced the molestation type of abuse.CONCLUSIONS: Somatization in sexually abused children was influenced by the severity of PTSD symptoms and intelligence, and the effect of the PTSD symptoms on somatization was moderated by type of abuse. Specifically, the rape type of abuse may attenuate the effect of post-traumatic symptoms on somatization." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: Stepped, collaborative, and coordinated approaches have been proposed as the optimal treatment strategy for somatic symptom and related disorders, but evidence supporting this strategy is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a guideline-based health care network for patients who are at high risk of somatoform disorder (Sofu-Net).METHODS: In a controlled, prospective, observer-blinded cluster cohort study, patients who were at high risk of somatoform disorder were recruited at 18 primary care practices in the Sofu-Net and at 15 primary care practices that provided care as usual (CAU). The primary outcome at 6-month follow-up was the rate at which the patients received mental health treatment since the establishment of Sofu-Net. The secondary outcomes included the patients' clinical symptom severity.RESULTS: A total of 119 patients in the Sofu-Net intervention group and 100 patients in the CAU control group who were at high risk of somatoform disorder were followed for 6 months. A significantly greater proportion of Sofu-Net patients than CAU patients received mental health treatment (47.9% versus 31.0%; odds ratio = 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-3.58). However, the Sofu-Net group did not show greater reductions in clinical symptom burden compared with the CAU group.CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of somatoform disorders within a guideline-based health care network resulted in increased rates of mental health treatment but failed to improve patient clinical outcomes. Future investigations are needed to investigate the combined value of health care networks with specialized psychotherapy interventions in patients at high risk of somatic symptom and related disorders.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN55870770.", "OBJECTIVE: This study aimed (1) to describe frequencies of DSM IV somatisation disorder, undifferentiated somatoform disorder and pain disorder versus DSM 5 somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in a multi-setting population of patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS), (2) to investigate differences in sociodemographic and (psycho)pathological characteristics between these diagnostic groups and (3) to explore the clinical relevance of the distinction between mild and moderate DSM 5 SSD.METHODS: We used baseline data of a cohort of 325 MUPS patients. Measurements included questionnaires about symptom severity, physical functioning, anxiety, depression, health anxiety and illness perceptions. These questionnaires were used as proxy measures for operationalization of DSM IV and DSM 5 diagnostic criteria.RESULTS: 92.9% of participants fulfilled criteria of a DSM IV somatoform disorder, while 45.5% fulfilled criteria of DSM 5 SSD. Participants fulfilling criteria of DSM 5 SSD suffered from more severe symptoms than those only fulfilling criteria of a DSM IV somatoform disorder(mean PHQ-15 score of 13.98 (SD 5.17) versus 11.23 (SD 4.71), P-value<0.001). Furthermore their level of physical functioning was significantly lower. Compared to patients with mild SSD, patients with moderate SSD suffered from significantly lower physical functioning and higher levels of depression.CONCLUSION: Within a population of MUPS patients DSM 5 SSD criteria are more restrictive than DSM IV criteria for somatoform disorders. They are associated with higher symptom severity and lower physical functioning. However, further specification of the positive psychological criteria of DSM 5 SSD may improve utility in research and practice." ]

[ "Gumbo is a traditional Creole dish. It was created in New Orleans by the French attempting to make bouillabaisse in the New World. The Spanish contributed onions, peppers, and tomatoes; the Indians contributed filé, or ground sassafras leaves; the French gave the roux to the stew and spices from the Caribbean.", "Cuisine Type/s: Cajun, Seafood, Creole, Louisiana. Description: Self-described as romantic, rustic, and intimate, this Creole-Cajun bistro is dedicated to serving the best, most delicious, New Orleans-style dishes and seafood." ]

[ "The food in South Louisiana is often called Cajun or Creole.. With the growing popularity of Louisiana cuisine, these terms have often become confused.he food in South Louisiana is often called Cajun or Creole.. With the growing popularity of Louisiana cuisine, these terms have often become confused.", "Which is to say what might be called African-American cuisine is basically everywhere you look in New Orleans, although soul food, the cooking most commonly associated with African-American kitchens, has long flourished here, particularly at black owned and operated restaurants." ]

[ "Abstract System-based cointegration methods have become popular tools for economic analysis and forecasting. However, the identification of structural relationships is often problematic. Using a theory-directed sequential reduction method suggested by Hall, Henry and Greenslade [Hall, S. G., Henry, S., & Greenslade, J. (2002). On the identification of cointegrated systems in small samples: A modelling strategy with an application to UK wages and prices. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 26, 1517–1537], we estimate a vector error correction model of Hawaii tourism, where both demand and supply-side influences are important. We identify reasonable long-run equilibrium relationships, and Diebold–Mariano tests for forecast accuracy demonstrate satisfactory forecasting performance." ]

[ "OBJECTIVES Rapid changes in working conditions give rise to new occupational health risks. We applied the Spectrosome approach, a network-based analysis, to investigate associations between disease and multiple occupational exposures. METHODS We investigated work and health's associations in a specific sector: the agricultural sector and for a specific and frequent health complaint: sore throat; using PRECUBE dataset of the Belgian Occupational Health and Safety, containing 381.615 occupational health observations. We compared the results of the spectrosome with classic frequency analyses. RESULTS Spectrosome approach reports more significant signals of multiple associations of agents compare to the frequency analysis. CONCLUSION This difference justifies the usefulness of taking into account the multiplicity of causes leading to a health event, which is a clear asset of the Spectrosome method.", "Social distancing can be described as an effort to maintain a physical distance between individuals and has become a necessary public health measure to combat cornoavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Social distancing is known to weaken incidences and deaths due to COVID-19, however, there are detrimental economic and psychological effects. This motivates us to analyze incidences (and deaths) of COVID-19 along with a measure of the health of the US economy (i.e., the adjusted closing price of the Dow Jones Industrial), and a measure of the public interest in COVID-19 through Google Trends data. The model we implement is developed to be easily adapted to a data scientist's preferred method for continuous data, which is done to aid future analyses of this important dataset. This dataset consists of multiple response types (e.g., continuous-valued, count-valued, binomial counts). Thus, we introduce a reasonable easy-to-implement all-purpose method that\"converts\"a statistical model for continuous responses (the preferred model) into a Bayesian model for multi-response data sets. To do this, we transform the data such that the continuous-valued transformed data can be reasonably modeled using the preferred model and the transformation itself is treated as unknown. The implementation of our approach involves two steps. The first step produces posterior replicates of the transformed data using a latent conjugate multivariate (LCM) model. The second step involves generating values from the posterior distribution implied by the preferred model. We refer to our model as the hierarchical generalized transformation (HGT) model. In a simulation, we demonstrate the flexibility of the HGT model by incorporating two different preferred models: Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) and the spatial mixed effects (spatio-temporal mixed effects) models." ]

[ "Background The Phase IIIb, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Alteplase in Patients With Mild Stroke: Rapidly Improving Symptoms and Minor Neurologic Deficits (PRISMS) trial will assess r-tPA in ischemic stroke patients who present with mild deficits (i.e. mild stroke). Aims To assess PRISMS's societal value in clarifying the optimal care for patients with mild ischemic stroke. Methods A value of information (VOI) decision model was developed to compare the outcomes of mild stroke patients treated vs. not treated with r-tPA. Model inputs were derived from a subset of Third International Stroke Trial patients, a recent meta-analysis of r-tPA trials, expert opinion, and other published sources. VOI analyses were also used to assess the expected US societal value of the PRISMS trial and the expected value of reducing uncertainty in key trial estimates. Results The expected net societal value of the PRISMS trial was approximately $210 million ($160 m-$260 m), representing a six-fold return on investment. The value of reducing uncertainty in r-tPA efficacy was approximately $150 million ($100 m-$200 m), while reducing uncertainty in r-tPA safety (increased risk for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage) did not add additional value in comparison. Conclusions Developing a better understanding of the outcomes of r-tPA treatment in patients with mild ischemic stroke will provide tremendous societal value by clarifying current uncertainty around treatment effectiveness. Enrollment in the PRISMS trial for patients presenting with mild ischemic stroke within 0-3 h of symptom onset should be highly encouraged." ]

[ "RATIONALE: Increasing awareness of the prevalence and significance of Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm), alternatively known as restrictive or Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)-unclassified spirometry, has expanded the body of knowledge on cross-sectional risk factors. However, longitudinal studies of PRISm remain limited.OBJECTIVES: To examine longitudinal patterns of change in lung function, radiographic characteristics, and mortality of current and former smokers with PRISm.METHODS: Current and former smokers, aged 45 to 80 years, were enrolled in COPDGene (phase 1, 2008-2011) and returned for a 5-year follow-up (phase 2, 2012-2016). Subjects completed questionnaires, spirometry, chest computed tomography scans, and 6-minute-walk tests at both study visits. Baseline characteristics, longitudinal change in lung function, and mortality were assessed by post-bronchodilator lung function categories: PRISm (FEV1/FVC < 0.7 and FEV1 < 80%), GOLD0 (FEV1/FVC > 0.7 and FEV1 > 80%), and GOLD1-4 (FEV1/FVC < 0.7).MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Although the prevalence of PRISm was consistent (12.4-12.5%) at phases 1 and 2, subjects with PRISm exhibited substantial rates of transition to and from other lung function categories. Among subjects with PRISm at phase 1, 22.2% transitioned to GOLD0 and 25.1% progressed to GOLD1-4 at phase 2. Subjects with PRISm at both phase 1 and phase 2 had reduced rates of FEV1 decline (-27.3  42.1 vs. -33.0  41.7 ml/yr) and comparable proportions of normal computed tomography scans (51% vs. 52.7%) relative to subjects with stable GOLD0 spirometry. In contrast, incident PRISm exhibited accelerated rates of lung function decline. Subjects with PRISm at phase 1 had higher mortality rates relative to GOLD0 and lower rates relative to the GOLD1-4 group.CONCLUSIONS: PRISm is highly prevalent, is associated with increased mortality, and represents a transitional state for significant subgroups of subjects. Additional studies to characterize longitudinal progression in PRISm are warranted.", "The value of any new therapeutic strategy or treatment is determined by the magnitude of its clinical benefit balanced against its cost. Evidence for clinical benefit from new treatment options is derived from clinical research, in particular phase III randomised trials, which generate unbiased data regarding the efficacy, benefit and safety of new therapeutic approaches. To date, there is no standard tool for grading the magnitude of clinical benefit of cancer therapies, which may range from trivial (median progression-free survival advantage of only a few weeks) to substantial (improved long-term survival). Indeed, in the absence of a standardised approach for grading the magnitude of clinical benefit, conclusions and recommendations derived from studies are often hotly disputed and very modest incremental advances have often been presented, discussed and promoted as major advances or 'breakthroughs'. Recognising the importance of presenting clear and unbiased statements regarding the magnitude of the clinical benefit from new therapeutic approaches derived from high-quality clinical trials, the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) has developed a validated and reproducible tool to assess the magnitude of clinical benefit for cancer medicines, the ESMO Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS). This tool uses a rational, structured and consistent approach to derive a relative ranking of the magnitude of clinically meaningful benefit that can be expected from a new anti-cancer treatment. The ESMO-MCBS is an important first step to the critical public policy issue of value in cancer care, helping to frame the appropriate use of limited public and personal resources to deliver cost-effective and affordable cancer care. The ESMO-MCBS will be a dynamic tool and its criteria will be revised on a regular basis." ]