Datasets:

BMRetriever

/

biomed_retrieval_dataset

like 4

[ "a man standing near by onether man with purple shirt" ]

[ "a man sitting in park" ]

[ "Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, also known as prion diseases, are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting both humans and animals. The central pathogenic event in prion disease is the misfolding of normal prion protein (PrPC) into the pathogenic conformer, PrPSc, which self-replicates by converting PrPC to more of itself. The biochemical hallmark of PrPSc is its C-terminal resistance to proteinase K (PK) digestion, which has been historically used to define PrPSc and is still the most widely used characteristic for prion detection. We used PK-resistance as a biochemical measure for the generation of recombinant prion from bacterially expressed recombinant PrP. However, the existence of both PK- resistant and -sensitive PrPSc forms in animal and human prion disease led to the question of whether the in vitro-generated recombinant prion infectivity is due to the PK-resistant or -sensitive recombinant PrP forms. In this study, we compared undigested and PK-digested recombinant prions for their infectivity using both the classical rodent bioassay and the cell-based prion infectivity assay. Similar levels of infectivity were detected in PK-digested and -undigested samples by both assays. A time course study of recombinant prion propagation showed that the increased capability to seed the conversion of endogenous PrP in cultured cells coincided with an increase of the PK-resistant form of recombinant PrP. Moreover, prion infectivity diminished when recombinant prion was subjected to an extremely harsh PK digestion. These results demonstrated that the infectivity of recombinant prion is encoded within the structure of the PK-resistant PrP fragments. This characteristic of recombinant prion, that a simple PK digestion is able to eliminate all PK-sensitive (non-infectious) PrP species, makes possible a more homogenous material that will be ideal for dissecting the molecular basis of prion infectivity." ]

[ "Prion-infected cells have been used for analyzing the effect of compounds on the formation of abnormal isoform of prion protein (PrP(Sc)). PrP(Sc) is usually detected using anti-prion protein (PrP) antibodies after the removal of the cellular isoform of prion protein (PrP(C)) by proteinase K (PK) treatment. However, it is expected that the PK-sensitive PrP(Sc) (PrP(Sc)-sen), which possesses higher infectivity and conversion activity than the PK-resistant PrP(Sc) (PrP(Sc)-res), is also digested through PK treatment. To overcome this problem, we established a novel cell-based ELISA in which PrP(Sc) can be directly detected from cells persistently infected with prions using anti-PrP monoclonal antibody (mAb) 132 that recognizes epitope consisting of mouse PrP amino acids 119-127. The novel cell-based ELISA could distinguish prion-infected cells from prion-uninfected cells without cell lysis and PK treatment. MAb 132 could detect both PrP(Sc)-sen and PrP(Sc)-res even if all PrP(Sc) molecules were not detected. The analytical dynamic range for PrP(Sc) detection was approximately 1 log. The coefficient of variation and signal-to-background ratio were 7%-11% and 2.5-3.3, respectively, demonstrating the reproducibility of this assay. The addition of a cytotoxicity assay immediately before PrP(Sc) detection did not affect the following PrP(Sc) detection. Thus, all the procedures including cell culture, cytotoxicity assay, and PrP(Sc) detection were completed in the same plate. The simplicity and non-requirement for cell lysis or PK treatment are advantages for the high throughput screening of anti-prion compounds.", "Prion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative diseases that are fatal. The study of these unique diseases in China is hampered by a lack of resources. Amongst the most important resources for biological study are monoclonal antibodies. Here, we characterize a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for cellular prion protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry, and western blotting. We identify several antibodies that can be used for specific applications and we demonstrate that there is no prion protein expression in human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (HPDC)." ]

[ "I think the hypo density found in CT scan can be cerebral infarction probably from heart thrombotic embolic due to your mechanical valve. I suggest you to consult a local Cardiologist and to discuss the possibility of transesophageal ethnography. If there is evidence of thrombus in your heart, you need treatment with anti arrogant Chat Doctor. If the infarction on CT scan is located in the corresponding arm area on brain, that is the cause of your arm problems, if not then you have to check other causes like cervical disc herniation etc. So I suggest you to consult a Neurologist as well." ]

[ "Understanding your concern. As per your query you have pain in right arm. Well there can be many reasons for symptoms you mention in query like angina, brachial plexus injury, bursitis, carpal tunnel syn Chat Doctor. I would suggest you to consult general practitioner for proper examination. Doctor will check vitals, order blood test and urine test to check diabetes along with ECG. Doctor may prescribe medicine like metformin. Doctor may refer you to endocrinologist for diabetes or to orthopedic surgeon for muscle and bone pain. For now do not sleep in right arm, give your arm proper rest, take ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain and decrease sugar and fatty food consumption.", "I can understand your situation and problem. Since you are having chest tightness with arm discomfort, it is better to rule out cardiac cause first. So get done ECG to rule out cardiac cause. If ECG is normal, then no need to worry much for cardiac cause. Other possible cause for your symptoms are vitamin b12 deficiency, thyroid problem and anemia. So get done b12 level, thyroid level and hemoglobin levels. If all are normal then your symptoms are mostly due to anxiety. So avoid stress and tension. Be relax and calm. Don't worry, you will be alrig" ]

[ "As you describe it appears to be the hypothyroidism, which is causing the bulky stomach. As you are taking tamoxifen since 5 years, the uterus should be screened regularly, as it may cause the uterine cancer. I advise you to consult a gynecologist for diagnosis and treatment. You may need to have an M. R. I. for diagnosis. Avid taking fatty foods, junk foods, oily foods. Wishing for a quick and complete recovery. Thank you" ]

[ "For conformation of cancer you need to go for further investigation like biopsy of throat scrap and Ct Of Abdomen. But I am sure this will be only gastritis. Better for you to quit the smoking. Take antacid, multivitamin and proper regular diet to improve your fitness.", "That's why it is surgically removed, and adjuvant treatments are offered to prevent its recurrence and father progression to breast cancer. Coming to your question, Having dense breast tissue, fibrotic disease and saline implants leads to varying tissue density, the shadowing can be a result of that. An MRI with contrast and breast coil is recommended to get complete information as the normal tissue is disturbed by surgery and implants. Nevertheless, a 50 % chance of malignancy is present in normal woman with such findings. Risk of recurrence in your case is very low. I would also advise you to consult your oncologist regarding continuation of tamoxifen for 5 more years. If you are post menopausal, petamole/anastrazole is advised" ]

[ "It should come as no surprise that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a Republican. In that era, almost all black Americans were Republicans." ]

[ "Georgia did not switch until 2004, and Louisiana was controlled by Democrats until the election of Republican Bobby Jindal, a person of color, as governor in 2007.t'll be Reconstruction all over again.Little known by many today is the fact that it was Republican Senator Everett Dirksen from Illinois, not Johnson, who pushed through the 1964 Civil Rights Act. In fact, Dirksen was instrumental to the passage of civil rights legislation in 1957, 1960, 1964, 1965 and 1968.", "FULL ANSWER. Blacks mostly voted Republican from after the Civil War and through the early part of the 20th century. That’s not surprising when one considers that Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican president, and the white, segregationist politicians who governed Southern states in those days were Democrats." ]

[ "This study was done to evaluate the results and clinical relevance of an optimized lymphocyte proliferation test, MELISA, for metal-induced inflammation in patients with CFS-like symptoms. The treatment of patients consisted of the replacement of incompatible dental materials (RID) together with supportive anti-oxidant therapy. 513 patients were tested by MELISA at the beginning of the study. Out of this group, 248 patients were available for follow-up MELISA after RID. In MELISA, lymphocytes are isolated from the blood and cultivated with different metal salts in tissue culture medium containing 10% inactivated human AB+ serum or autologous serum. After 5 days, the presence of metal-reactive lymphocytes are measured by isotope labelling of newly formed DNA in growing lymphoblasts and evaluated by calculating the Stimulation Index. Nickel was the most common sensitizer, followed by inorganic mercury, thimerosal, lead, cadmium, palladium and gold. After RID treatment, a decrease of metal-specific lymphocyte responses in patients who reacted to metals at the beginning of the study could be observed. The cultivation of lymphocytes in autologous and homologous serum did not significantly affect the results. Simultaneous, the health status of patients improved as well" ]

[ "Recovery after surgery is highly variable. Risk-stratifying patients based on their predicted recovery profile will afford individualized perioperative management strategies. Recently, application of mass cytometry in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty revealed strong immune correlates of surgical recovery in blood samples collected shortly after surgery. However, the ability to interrogate a patient's immune state before surgery and predict recovery is highly desirable in perioperative medicine. To evaluate a patient's presurgical immune state, cell-type-specific intracellular signaling responses to ex vivo ligands (lipopolysaccharide, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and IL-2/granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) were quantified by mass cytometry in presurgical blood samples. Selected ligands modulate signaling processes perturbed by surgery. Twenty-three cell surface and 11 intracellular markers were used for the phenotypic and functional characterization of major immune cell subsets. Evoked immune responses were regressed against patient-centered outcomes, contributing to protracted recovery including functional impairment, postoperative pain, and fatigue. Evoked signaling responses varied significantly and defined patient-specific presurgical immune states. Eighteen signaling responses correlated significantly with surgical recovery parameters (|R| = 0.37 to 0.70; false discovery rate < 0.01). Signaling responses downstream of the toll-like receptor 4 in cluster of differentiation (CD) 14 monocytes were particularly strong correlates, accounting for 50% of observed variance. Immune correlates identified in presurgical blood samples mirrored correlates identified in postsurgical blood samples", "A constantly growing social demand for orthopedic implants has been observed in Poland. It is estimated that about 5% of patients experience post-operation complications. It is suspected that in this group of patients an allergic reaction contributes to rejection of metal implants. The aim of our study was to assess contact allergy to metals in 14 people (9 women and 5 men) suffering from poor implant tolerance. In some of them, recurrent skin eruptions, generalized or nearby implants, have occurred and in 3 patients skin fistula was observed. These complaints appeared one year after operation. The patients underwent patch tests with allergens from the Chemotechnique Diagnostics (Malmö, Sweden), including nickel, chromium, cobalt, palladium, copper, aluminum. In addition, allergens, such as titanium, vanadium and molybdenum prepared by chemical laboratory in the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lódiź, Poland, were introduced" ]

[ "Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely investigated for their biomedical applications in magnetic resonance imaging, targeting therapy, cell labeling, etc. It has been well documented that macrophages produce interleukin (IL)-1 via several signaling pathways, such as inflammasome activation in response to particles including silica, asbestos and urea crystals with lipopolysaccharide priming. However, the size and dose effects of SPIONs on macrophages and the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of the synthesized SPIONs with different size distributions of 30, 80 and 120nm, and compared their potential capability in inducing IL-1 release in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). We found that SPIONs induced IL-1 release in a size- and dose-dependent manner, in which the smallest SPIONs triggered the highest IL-1 in BMMs. When cellular uptake of SPIONs was inhibited by the actin polymerization inhibitor, cytochalasin D, SPION-induced IL-1 release was suppressed in BMMs. Preventing lysosome damage with bafilomycin A1 or CA-074-Me also counteracted SPION-induced IL-1 release. Moreover, SPION-activated IL-1 release was also attenuated by reactive oxygen species scavengers, diphenylene iodonium or N-acetylcysteine. Our results elucidated the effects of size and dose on the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of IL-1 release of SPIONs on macrophages, which facilitate the theoretical and experimental application of SPIONs in biotechnology and biomedicine in the future." ]

[ "RATIONALE: Modulation of pulmonary vascular barrier function is an important clinical goal given the devastating effects of vascular leak in acute lung injury (ALI). We previously demonstrated that FTY720 S-phosphonate (Tys), an analog of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and FTY720, has more potent pulmonary barrier protective effects than these agents in vitro and in mouse models of ALI. Tys preserves expression of the barrier-promoting S1P1 receptor (S1PR1), whereas S1P and FTY720 induce its ubiquitination and degradation. Here we further characterize the novel barrier promoting effects of Tys in cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells (EC).METHODS/RESULTS: In human lung EC, Tys significantly increased peripheral redistribution of adherens junction proteins VE-cadherin and -catenin and tight junction protein ZO-1. Inhibition of VE-cadherin with blocking antibody significantly attenuated Tys-induced transendothelial resistance (TER) elevation, while ZO-1 siRNA partially inhibited this elevation. Tys significantly increased focal adhesion formation and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Pharmacologic inhibition of FAK significantly attenuated Tys-induced TER elevation. Tys significantly increased phosphorylation and peripheral redistribution of the actin-binding protein, cortactin, while cortactin siRNA partially attenuated Tys-induced TER elevation. Although Tys significantly increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3, neither PI3 kinase nor GSK3 inhibition altered Tys-induced TER elevation. Tys significantly increased Rac1 activity, while inhibition of Rac1 activity significantly attenuated Tys-induced VE-cadherin redistribution and TER elevation.CONCLUSION: Junctional complex, focal adhesion rearrangement and Rac1 activation play critical roles in Tys-mediated barrier protection in pulmonary EC. These results provide mechanistic insights into the effects of this potential ALI therapy.", "Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is associated with increased type 1 interferon (IFN) levels and subsequent severe defects in lymphocyte function, which increase susceptibility to infections. The blockade of type 1 IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1) in non-obese diabetic mice has been shown to delay T1D onset and decrease T1D incidence by enhancing spleen CD4+ T cells and restoring B cell function. However, the effect of type 1 IFN blockade during T1D on splenic CD8+ T cells has not previously been studied. Therefore, we investigated, for the first time, the effect of IFNAR1 blockade on the survival and architecture of spleen-homing CD8+ T cells in a streptozotocin-induced T1D mouse model. Three groups of mice were examined: a non-diabetic control group; a diabetic group; and a diabetic group treated with an anti-IFNAR1 blocking antibody. We observed that T1D induction was accompanied by a marked destruction of cells followed by a marked reduction in insulin levels and increased IFN- and IFN- levels in the diabetic group. The diabetic mice also exhibited many abnormal changes including an elevation in blood and spleen free radical (reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-) levels, a significant decrease in IL-7 levels, and subsequently, a significant decrease in the numbers of spleen-homing CD8+ T cells. This decrease in spleen-homing CD8+ T cells resulted from a marked reduction in the CCL21-mediated entry of CD8+ T cells into the spleen and from increased apoptosis due to a marked reduction in IL-7-mediated STAT5 and AKT phosphorylation. Interestingly, type 1 IFN signaling blockade in diabetic mice significantly restored the numbers of splenic CD8+ T cells by restoring free radical, pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-7 levels. These effects subsequently rescued splenic CD8+ T cells from apoptosis through a mechanism that was dependent upon CCL21- and IL-7-mediated signaling. Our data suggest that type 1 IFN is an essential mediator of pathogenesis in T1D and that this role results from the negative effect of IFN signaling on the survival of splenic CD8+ T cells." ]

[ "A cousin is a relative with whom a person shares one or more common ancestors. In the general sense, cousins are two or more generations away from any common ancestor, thus distinguishing a cousin from an ancestor, descendant, sibling, aunt, uncle, niece, or nephew. cousin is a relative with whom a person shares one or more common ancestors. In the general sense, cousins are two or more generations away from any common ancestor, thus distinguishing a cousin from an ancestor, descendant, sibling, aunt, uncle, niece, or nephew." ]

[ "syn: acquaintance, associate, companion, friend refer to a person with whom one is in contact. An acquaintance is a person one knows, though not intimately: a casual acquaintance at school.", "Removed - this is a term used to describe the relationship between two cousins of differing generations. For example, your first cousin's child would be one generation removed from your first cousin, known as your first cousin once removed. The same is true in reverse; Your mother's first cousin would also be your first cousin once removed." ]

[ "The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is a new five-level triage instrument. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between ESI triage status and short-term survival. This was a survival analysis for a population-based, stratified random sample of patients over the age of 14 years who visited an urban, university-affiliated hospital emergency department (ED). Measures included ESI triage category (1 through 5), vital status obtained from the Social Security Administration, date of death (if applicable), and survival time in days. Data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Eighty-seven percent (202/232) of a random sample of patients appeared in the Social Security vital status registry. During the 252-day follow-up period, 19 patients (9%) died, 161 (80%) lived, and 22 (11%) had an unknown vital status. The ESI triage level was strongly associated with vital status at six months (Kaplan-Meier chi-square 25.9, p<0.0001). No patient in triage categories 4 and 5 died (lower limits of the 95% confidence interval for survival, 92% and 93%, respectively); whereas survival in triage category 1 was 68%, and in categories 2 and 3 it was 86% and 83%, respectively. Most of the deaths occurred within 60 days after the index ED visit. Sensitivity analyses biased against the instrument continued to demonstrate the association between triage status and survival" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: In hospitalized patients, the risk of sepsis-related mortality can be assessed using the quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA). Currently, different tools that predict deterioration such as the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) have been introduced in clinical practice in Emergency Departments (ED) worldwide. It remains ambiguous which screening tool for mortality at the ED is best. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive performance for mortality of two sepsis-based scores (i.e. qSOFA and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)-criteria) compared to the more general NEWS score, in patients with suspected infection directly at presentation to the ED.METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study. Patients who presented to the ED between June 2012 and May 2016 with suspected sepsis in a large tertiary care center were included. Suspected sepsis was defined as initiation of intravenous antibiotics and/or collection of any culture in the ED. Outcome was defined as 10-day and 30-day mortality after ED presentation. Predictive performance was expressed as discrimination (AUC) and calibration using Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Subsequently, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated.RESULTS: In total 8,204 patients were included of whom 286 (3.5%) died within ten days and 490 (6.0%) within 30 days after presentation. NEWS had the best performance, followed by qSOFA and SIRS (10-day AUC: 0.837, 0.744, 0.646, 30-day AUC: 0.779, 0.697, 0.631). qSOFA (?2) lacked a high sensitivity versus SIRS (?2) and NEWS (?7) (28.5%, 77.2%, 68.0%), whilst entailing highest specificity versus NEWS and SIRS (93.7%, 66.5%, 37.6%).CONCLUSIONS: NEWS is more accurate in predicting 10- and 30-day mortality than qSOFA and SIRS in patients presenting to the ED with suspected sepsis.", "Patient physiology and crash characteristics are essential components of field triage for motor vehicle crashes. We aimed to identify prehospital information that predicted high injury severity or critical patient condition on hospital arrival. The association of demographics, shock index (SI), Glasgow Coma Scale, and 10 crash characteristics of trauma activations for motor vehicle crashes with injury severity score (ISS) ? 16 and a composite of hypotension, need for blood transfusions, or immediate operation was determined using univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 133 of 498 patients (27%) had ISS ? 16; SI ? 0.9, Glasgow Coma Scale ? 8, speed ? 55 mph, seatbelt use, airbag deployment, ambulatory patient, severe vehicle damage, ejection, and extrication were associated with ISS ? 16. Only abnormal SI and high speed remained independent predictors for ISS ? 16 with Odds Ratio (OR) = 10.76 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-101, P = 0.04) and OR = 10.37 (95% CI, 1.48-72.93, P = 0.02), respectively. SI ? 0.9 predicted the composite outcome with OR = 5.92 (95% CI, 2.32-15.08, P < 0.01). Many commonly reported crash characteristics did not predict clinically important outcomes. Improvements in road and vehicle safety may be resulting in lower injury severity despite major crash mechanisms." ]

[ "Agent Orange (AO) was previously identified as a significant risk factor for biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) in prostate cancer patients. In this study, we determined the levels of dioxin biological toxicity using toxic equivalency (TEQ) values and examined the impact of dioxin-TEQ level on BCR. A total of 93 men who underwent RP, with a median of 5.3 years of postoperative follow-up, were included in the study. The dioxin-TEQ level of each patient was measured using intraoperatively harvested abdominal subcutaneous fat. The dichotomous categorization of dioxin-TEQ by the 50th percentile (low<50% vs high 50%) was also used to regroup the patient cohort, regardless of the previous history of AO exposure. Comparisons between the dioxin-TEQ levels, clinicopathological characteristics and BCR in AO-exposed and -unexposed men were made to allocate possible risk factors. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify significant risk factors associated with BCR, adjusting for other confounding factors" ]

[ "The median dioxin-TEQ level in 37 AO-exposed patients was significantly higher than that in 56 unexposed patients (22.3 vs 15.0 pg g(-1) fat, respectively, P<0.001). The men with AO exposure were more likely to have a high dioxin-TEQ level (P<0.001). Neither AO exposure nor the level of dioxin-TEQ was associated with BCR. Tumor stage (T3/T4 vs T2) and Gleason grade (Gleason 3+4) were independent risk factors for BCR after RP", "PURPOSE: As enrollment in active surveillance expands, it is increasingly important to assess the potential risks of deferred treatment. We evaluated the risk of prostate specific antigen recurrence in a large cohort of men who underwent radical prostatectomy after initial active surveillance.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included men who underwent radical prostatectomy after a period of active surveillance. At diagnosis the men had GG (Gleason Grade Group) 1 or 2, clinical T2 or less and low or intermediate risk disease. They were stratified by a composite variable of GG and the volume of high grade cores at diagnosis. Pathological characteristics and recurrence after radical prostatectomy were evaluated.RESULTS: Of 1,916 men enrolled in active surveillance between 1994 and 2017, 448 (23.4%) underwent deferred radical prostatectomy. Median time to radical prostatectomy was 27 months (IQR 15.5-46.5). At diagnosis 388 men (86.6%) had GG1 disease, 31 (6.9%) had GG2 disease with 1 high grade core and 29 (6.5%) had GG2 disease with 2 or more high grade cores. GG2 with 2 or more high grade cores at diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of recurrence compared to GG1 disease (HR 3.29, 95% CI 1.49-7.26, p <0.01). GG2 disease with 1 high grade core did not significantly differ from GG1.CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the careful use of active surveillance in men with GG2 and 1 high grade core at diagnosis. Men with 2 or more high grade (GG2 or greater) cores at diagnosis may benefit from immediate treatment." ]

[ "BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The study aims to describe the clinical features, microbiology, and associated factors of acute cholangitis (AC) after bilioenteric anastomosis (BEA) for biliary duct injury (BDI). Additionally, we assessed the performance of the Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) recommendations in these patients.METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 524 adults with a history of BEA for BDI from January 2000 to January 2014. A propensity score adjustment was performed for the analysis of the independent role of the main factors identified during the univariate logistic regression procedure.RESULTS: We identified 117 episodes of AC in 70 patients; 51.3% were definitive AC according to the TG13 diagnostic criteria, and 39.3% did not fulfill the imaging criteria of AC. A history of post-operative biliary complications (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.38-4.70) and the bile duct confluence preservation (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.87) were associated with AC. Eighty-nine percent of the microorganisms were Enterobacteriaceae; of them, 28% were extended spectrum -lactamase (ESBL) producers.CONCLUSIONS: AC is a common complication after BEA and must be suspected even in the absence of imaging findings, particulary in patients with a history of post-operative biliary complications, and/or without bile duct confluence preserved. An empirical treatment for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae may be appropriate in patients living in countries with a high rate of bacterial drug resistance." ]

[ "Despite recent advances, iatrogenic bile duct injury remains one of the most common complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aberrant biliary tract anatomy is one of the major risk factors for iatrogenic bile duct injury. In this case report, for the first time, we report a case of aberrant left main bile duct draining directly into the cystic duct or gallbladder that presented with bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We hope that the diagnostic and management approach used in this case will help physicians to identify and manage their patients should they face such a rare anatomy.", "Biliary complication (BC) is still regarded as the Achilles' heel of a living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). This study aims to evaluate the longterm outcomes of the duct-to-duct (DD) biliary reconstruction using 7-0 suture and to identify the risk factors of BCs after LDLTs. Data of 140 LDLTs between 2006 and 2015 were analyzed. All biliary reconstructions were performed as DD anastomoses using 7-0 suture: 102 for the right lobe, 20 for the left lobe, and 18 for right posterior sector grafts. BC was defined as a bile leakage (BL) or a biliary stricture (BS), and the median follow-up time after LDLT was 65 months. A total of 19 recipients (13.5%) developed BCs (8 BLs and 16 BSs) after LDLT. The survival rates between recipients with and without BCs were 83% and 86.7%, respectively (P = 0.88). In univariate analyses, the risk factors for BC were small diameter of the graft's bile duct, long warm ischemic time, small graft-to-recipient weight ratio, and no use of external biliary stent (EBS). The graft's bile duct diameter ? 3 mm and no use of EBS were determined as independent risk factors (hazard ratios of 9.74 and 7.68, respectively) in multivariate analyses. The 116 recipients with EBS had no BL, 11 had BSs (9%), while 24 without EBS had 8 BLs (33%) and 5 BSs (21%). After a propensity score match between the recipients with and without EBS, the EBS group (24) developed only 1 BS (4%). In conclusion, DD anastomosis using 7-0 suture combined with EBS could provide favorable longterm outcomes after LDLT, which should thus be considered the surgical technique of choice for LDLTs." ]

[ "Kerr was originally drafted by the Phoenix Suns in the second round (50th overall) of the 1988 NBA Draft out of the University of Arizona. Kerr capped his collegiate career as a senior in 1988 by helping lead the Wildcats to their first Final Four appearance." ]

[ "For a first-time coach, Kerr stands to make an unbelievable amount of money. Kerr replaces Mark Jackson, who signed his first coaching contract with the Warriors in 2011. According to the San Jose Mercury News, Jackson’s original contract was a four-year, $8 million dollar deal.", "June 23, 1988: Drafted by the Charlotte Hornets from the Cleveland Cavaliers in the NBA expansion draft. January 22, 1999: Signed as a free agent with the Milwaukee Bucks. August 5, 1999: Signed as a free agent with the Toronto Raptors." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Making forecasts about biodiversity and giving support to policy relies increasingly on large collections of data held electronically, and on substantial computational capability and capacity to analyse, model, simulate and predict using such data. However, the physically distributed nature of data resources and of expertise in advanced analytical tools creates many challenges for the modern scientist. Across the wider biological sciences, presenting such capabilities on the Internet (as \"Web services\") and using scientific workflow systems to compose them for particular tasks is a practical way to carry out robust \"in silico\" science. However, use of this approach in biodiversity science and ecology has thus far been quite limited.RESULTS: BioVeL is a virtual laboratory for data analysis and modelling in biodiversity science and ecology, freely accessible via the Internet. BioVeL includes functions for accessing and analysing data through curated Web services; for performing complex in silico analysis through exposure of R programs, workflows, and batch processing functions; for on-line collaboration through sharing of workflows and workflow runs; for experiment documentation through reproducibility and repeatability; and for computational support via seamless connections to supporting computing infrastructures. We developed and improved more than 60 Web services with significant potential in many different kinds of data analysis and modelling tasks. We composed reusable workflows using these Web services, also incorporating R programs. Deploying these tools into an easy-to-use and accessible 'virtual laboratory', free via the Internet, we applied the workflows in several diverse case studies. We opened the virtual laboratory for public use and through a programme of external engagement we actively encouraged scientists and third party application and tool developers to try out the services and contribute to the activity.CONCLUSIONS: Our work shows we can deliver an operational, scalable and flexible Internet-based virtual laboratory to meet new demands for data processing and analysis in biodiversity science and ecology. In particular, we have successfully integrated existing and popular tools and practices from different scientific disciplines to be used in biodiversity and ecological research." ]

[ "We report the case of a 61-year-old man who underwent a Bentall procedure with a BioValsalva conduit for an acute type A aortic dissection. Two years later the patient presented at our institution with severe aortic regurgitation caused by the rupture of one cusp of the bioprosthesis (Elan valve) included in the conduit. A transcatheter valve-in-valve option was discussed by the heart team but was dismissed in favor of a sutureless 3f Enable valve implantation into the failing bioprosthesis after leaflet removal. This strategy simplified the surgical procedure and provided excellent postoperative hemodynamics at follow-up.", "In ecotoxicology, bioassays are standardly conducted in order to measure acute or chronic effects of potentially toxic substances on reproduction, growth, and/or survival of living animals. MOSAIC, standing for MOdeling and StAtistical tools for ecotoxICology, is a user-friendly web interface dedicated to the mathematical and statistical modelling of such standard bioassay data. Its simple use makes MOSAIC a turnkey decision-making tool for ecotoxicologists and regulators. Without wasting time on extensive mathematical and statistical technicalities, users are provided with advanced and innovative methods for a valuable quantitative environmental risk assessment. MOSAIC is available at http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/software/mosaic/ ." ]

[ "Strep throat (an infection of the throat caused by group A streptococcus bacteria, also called Streptococcus pyogenes) is most contagious starting a few days before symptoms show up and decreases after a person has been on antibiotics for at least 24 hours.aused by group A strep infection, the illness causes fever, sore throat, white spots on the tonsils, swollen lymph nodes, a bright-red strawberry tongue, and a tell-tale red rash that starts on the abdomen and spreads throughout the body within two days." ]

[ "Strep throat is a throat infection usually caused by group A streptococcal bacteria. Strep throat is often accompanied by fever. Strep throat is one of many causes of inflammation of the pharynx (pharyngitis). Strep throat is a common cause of sore throat.Streptococcus spp. are the most common bacterial species to cause strep throat (15%-30% of pharyngitis in children and about 5 to 10% in adults).arely, a person with strep throat can develop a rash. If a person has a runny nose, constant sneezing and coughing, it actually is less likely that they have strep throat. Strep throat is diagnosed by the medical history, physical examination of the throat, and with a rapid strep test on a swab of the throat.", "Pertussis / Whooping cough. Pertussis is a disease caused by a bacterium, and it is highly contagious. It can be spread when an infected patient coughs or sneezes and others in the immediate area inhale the bacteria. It can spread throughout a family, spread in a classroom, church, nursery school or other sites." ]

[ "This study examined whether adolescents having a first onset of major depression are changed by the experience (i.e., does having an episode of depression result in residual effects that did not exist before the episode?). Among 1,507 community adolescents assessed at two time points approximately 1 year apart 45 experienced and recovered from a first episode of depression between the two assessments. These adolescents were contrasted with never-depressed control subjects on an array of depression-related psychosocial variables before and after the episode. Psychosocial scars (characteristics evident after but not before the episode) included internalizing behavior problems, stressful major life events, excessive emotional reliance on others, cigarette smoking and subsyndromal depression symptoms. Both before and after the episode, the depressed adolescents reported an elevated level of physical health problems" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: Childhood maltreatment has been associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Atypical self-generated thoughts (SGT), lacking in positive and privileging negative content-a feature of ruminative thinking-might represent one vulnerability factor for developing depression. Rumination in MDD has been linked to alterations in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) to the default mode network and the fronto-parietal network (FPN). This study aimed to investigate online SGT content and its variability, as well as sgACC RSFC, as potential risk markers for depression in adolescents who experienced maltreatment.METHOD: Adolescents 12 to 16 years old (29 with maltreatment history [MT] and 39 with no maltreatment history [NMT]) performed an established mind-wandering task. Participants made nondemanding number discriminations during which intermittent questions probed their SGTs that were classified as off-task, positive, negative, self-related, other-related, past-oriented, or future-oriented. Resting-state data were acquired separately for 22 of 29 MT and 27 39 NMT adolescents, and seed-based functional connectivity analyses of the sgACC were performed.RESULTS: MT, relative to the NMT adolescents, generated significantly fewer positively valenced thoughts, and exhibited more extreme ratings for positively valenced thoughts. MT adolescents also showed significantly reduced RSFC between the sgACC and the FPN. Group differences in depressive symptoms between the MT and NMT adolescents were partly accounted by differences in sgACC-FPN RSFC.CONCLUSION: Adolescents who experienced maltreatment show a reduction in positively valenced spontaneous thoughts and reduced sgACC-FPN RSFC at the neural level. These may contribute to a ruminative thinking style, representing risk factors for developing depression later in life.", "OBJECTIVE: White matter microstructure alterations have recently been associated with depressive episodes during adolescence, but it is unknown whether they predate depression. The authors investigated whether subthreshold depression in adolescence is associated with white matter microstructure variations and whether they relate to depression outcome.METHOD: Adolescents with subthreshold depression (N=96) and healthy control subjects (N=336) drawn from a community-based cohort were compared using diffusion tensor imaging and whole brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) at age 14 to assess white matter microstructure. They were followed up at age 16 to assess depression. Probabilistic tractography was used to reconstruct white matter streamlines spreading from the regions identified in the TBSS analysis and along bundles implicated in emotion regulation, the uncinate fasciculus and the cingulum. The authors searched for mediating effects of white matter microstructure on the relationship between baseline subthreshold depression and depression at follow-up, and then explored the specificity of the findings.RESULTS: Lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity were found in the anterior corpus callosum in the adolescents with subthreshold depression. Tractography analysis showed that they also had lower FA in the right cingulum streamlines, along with lower FA and higher mean diffusivity in tracts connecting the corpus callosum to the anterior cingulate cortex. The relation between subthreshold depression at baseline and depression at follow-up was mediated by FA values in the latter tracts, and lower FA values in those tracts distinctively predicted higher individual risk for depression.CONCLUSIONS: Early FA variations in tracts projecting from the corpus callosum to the anterior cingulate cortex may denote a higher risk of transition to depression in adolescents." ]

[ "Buying to Collect a Dividend. The latest you can buy a stock and receive the dividend is before the stock market closes three business days before the dividend record date. On the next day the stock is said to have gone ex-dividend, and buyers on that day are not entitled to a dividend payment. If you bought shares before the ex-dividend day, you can sell them on the ex-dividend date and you will still be the shareholder of record on the record date and receive the dividend payment." ]

[ "The Board has adopted a policy of paying quarterly interim dividends on the ordinary shares. Under this policy it is intended to have a pattern of three equal interim dividends with a variable fourth interim dividend. The proposed timetable for the quarterly interim dividends in respect of 2016 is: (HSBA)", "If you reinvested dividends in a stock before you sold it, you changed your cost basis. In the example, you originally invested $2,000, but you reinvested $200 in money you received from dividends. Your cost basis rose to $2,200.If you sell the stock for $3,000, you subtract your new cost basis of $2,200, and find that your gain was $800.You only pay tax on the $800, because you get to count the reinvested dividends as part of your cost basis.f you reinvested dividends in a stock before you sold it, you changed your cost basis. In the example, you originally invested $2,000, but you reinvested $200 in money you received from dividends. Your cost basis rose to $2,200." ]

[ "The first of fiction arrives with no words." ]

[ "The last flash of fission is the sun." ]

[ "Summary: A number of studies report heart rate variability (HRV) changes in allergic as well as high trait anxious people, and associations between allergic inflammation and trait anxiety. This study investigated HRV of 20 low anxious allergic, 19 healthy high trait anxious and 18 healthy low anxious, in naturalistic setting. On arranged research days, subjects performed measurements using portable ECG device and subjective self-assessment of perceived stress. Five repeated measurements data from each subject have shown increases in overall HRV, as well as HRV on respiratory frequencies in both allergy and high trait anxiety. Subject's sex was an important factor, because HRV increases in allergy were only apparent in women. Data from self-assessment show no differences in experienced stress attributable to allergy, only to trait anxiety." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Cumulative exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) increases risk for mental distress in conflict-affected settings, but the psychophysiological mechanisms that mediate this dose-response relationship are unknown. We investigated diminished heart rate variability (HRV) - an index of vagus nerve function and a robust predictor of emotion regulation capacity - as a vulnerability marker that potentially mediates the association between PTE exposure, age and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychological distress and aggressive behavior, in a community sample from Timor-Leste - a post-conflict country with a history of mass violence.METHOD: Resting state heart rate data was recorded from 45 cases of PTSD, depression and intermittent explosive disorder (IED); and 29 non-case controls.RESULTS: Resting HRV was significantly reduced in the combined case group compared with non-cases (p = .021; Cohen's d = 0.5). A significant mediation effect was also observed, whereby a sequence of increased age, reduced HRV and elevated PTSD symptoms mediated the association between PTE exposure and distress (B = .06, SE = .05, 95% CI = [.00-.217]) and aggression (B = .02, SE = .02, 95% CI = [.0003-.069])).CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate an association between diminished resting HRV and psychopathology. Moreover, age-related HRV reductions emerged as a potential psychophysiological mechanism that underlies enhanced vulnerability to distress and aggression following cumulative PTE exposure.", "AIM: Anxiety is a common presenting concern for individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Treatment for CHR is still in the early stages and has focused on transition to psychosis and positive symptom reduction, but little is known about what may be effective in reducing anxiety for these young people. One treatment that may be effective for anxiety is heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy and feasibility of using HRV biofeedback to reduce anxiety and distress in those at CHR.METHODS: Twenty participants who met minimum scores for anxiety and distress completed 4 weeks of an HRV biofeedback intervention and received pre- and post-intervention assessments. Repeated measures were used to examine changes in scores over time.RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in impaired ability to tolerate normal stressors (P ? 0.001) and dysphoric mood (P ? 0.001) over time. There was no change on self-reported measures of anxiety and distress. However, when two outliers were removed there was a trend towards improvement in self-reported anxiety (P = 0.07). These results were not impacted by including usage time as a covariate. Feedback and adherence were significant.CONCLUSIONS: HRV biofeedback may be a feasible treatment option for individuals at CHR who have concerns with impaired stress tolerance and dysphoric mood. Future studies with a randomized controlled trial design will be necessary to further determine efficacy." ]

[ "dog with brown colour passing through field" ]

[ "dog sitting in filed" ]

[ "Superior tibiofibular joint The proximal tibiofibular articulation (also called superior tibiofibular joint) is an arthrodial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. The contiguous surfaces of the bones present flat, oval facets covered with cartilage and connected together by an articular capsule and by anterior and posterior ligaments. When the term \"\"tibiofibular articulation\"\" is used without a modifier, it refers to the proximal, not the distal (i.e., inferior) tibiofibular articulation. Injuries to the proximal tibiofibular joint are uncommon and usually associated with other injuries to the lower leg. Dislocations can be classified into" ]

[ "line and is well-marked above, but indistinct below; the medial and broader portion gives origin to the Flexor digitorum longus, the lateral and narrower to part of the Tibialis posterior. The remaining part of the posterior surface is smooth and covered by the Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, and Flexor hallucis longus. Immediately below the popliteal line is the nutrient foramen, which is large and directed obliquely downward. The distal end of the tibia is much smaller than the proximal end and presents five surfaces; it is prolonged downward on its medial side as a strong pyramidal process, the medial", "Chopart. Transverse tarsal joint The transverse tarsal joint or midtarsal joint or Chopart's joint is formed by the articulation of the calcaneus with the cuboid (the calcaneocuboid joint), and the articulation of the talus with the navicular (the talocalcaneonavicular joint). The movement which takes place in this joint is more extensive than that in the other tarsal joints, and consists of a sort of rotation by means of which the foot may be slightly flexed or extended, the sole being at the same time carried medially (inverted) or laterally (everted). The term \"\"Chopart's joint\"\" is named after the French surgeon" ]

[ "The circulatory system is a dynamic system which cannot be adequately explained by your example (at least not by me). You need to understand it, not seek to make it fit your (especially) electrical circuits with resistors. Blood isn't electricity. At least try a fluid dynamics model.\n\nLet's take this very simple model: Blow up a balloon four-fifths of the way, and put a wide inflatable cuff around its middle. Inflate the cuff so that the balloon bulges just a tiny bit at the ends, then stuff it all into a plexiglass box so that the balloon has no room to expand. The plexiglass box represents our body. Lets call the pressure inside the balloon now normal blood pressure. The air in the balloon represents your total blood volume. It can't change from moment to moment; it's fixed. The box can't change it's volume moment to moment either. It's fixed.\n\nThe cuff represents arterial smooth muscle. Vasoconstriction can be represented by inflating the cuff further. Constriction (inflation of the cuff) will increase the pressure throughout inside the balloon, because the same amount of gas now has to exist in a smaller space. Vasodilation (deflating the cuff) decreases the pressure inside the balloon, because the gas can now inhabit a larger amount of space.\n\nThat's it, really. If the same volume must inhabit a smaller, constricted space, the pressure exerted by blood in that space will be higher. If the blood vessles dilate, the pressure in the blood vessels falls.\n\nNow add about 20 layers of complexity to that simple model, and you have a working model of the circulatory system.\n\nSparknote answers:\n\n\nArterial and arteriolar smooth muscle \"injects energy into the system\", resulting in systemic increases in the pressure existing in the vascular \"circuit\" (meaning somewhat elastic tubing) if resistance requires energy. (So I have misunderstood: see @Raoul's answer.)\nSorry, I didn't read this properly the first time around. Yes, the heart supplies the energy. The contribution of the elastic walls of the arteries is not active, but passive.\nAbsolutely. The more elastic/compliant the arteries are, the less work the heart must exert to pump the blood through the circuits. The stiffer and narrower the arteries are, the harder the heart must work to pump blood through the circuits. The result of that increased work is a thickening of the muscular walls of the heart, called ventricular hypertrophy, which is a sign of elevated pressure in the system.\nI'm not sure I want to commit here to your lingo, but the answer should be inferable from numbers 1-3. Elastic vessels help (by rebound compression) to propel the blood through the circuits. Stiff vessels hinder it, making the heart do more of the work.\n\n\nI am not an engineer, so I may be misusing some of the terms. \n\nEdited to add: Please see @Raoul's answer for a better explanation." ]

[ "There are many factors that alter the vascular resistance. Many of the platelet -derived substances, including serotonin, are vasodilatory when the endothelium is intact and are vasoconstrictive when the endothelium is damaged.\nCholinergic stimulation causes release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) (later it was discovered that EDRF was nitric oxide) from intact endothelium, causing vasodilatation. If the endothelium is damaged, cholinergic stimulation causes vasoconstriction.\nAdenosine probably doesn't play a role in maintaining the vascular resistance in the resting state. However, it causes vasodilatation and decreased vascular resistance during hypoxia. Adenosine is formed in the myocardial cells during hypoxia, ischemia, or vigorous work, due to the breakdown of high-energy phosphate compounds (e.g., adenosine monophosphate, AMP). Most of the adenosine that is produced leaves the cell and acts as a direct vasodilator on the vascular wall. Because adenosine acts as a direct vasodilator, it is not dependent on an intact endothelium to cause vasodilatation.\nAdenosine causes vasodilatation in the small and medium sized resistance arterioles (less than 100 µm in diameter). When adenosine is administered it can cause a coronary steal phenomenon, where the vessels in healthy tissue dilate as much as the ischemic tissue and more blood is shunted away from the ischemic tissue that needs it most. This is the principle behind adenosine stress testing.\nAdenosine is quickly broken down by adenosine deaminase, which is present in red cells and the vessel wall.", "A constant blood-flow would not be advantageous to organisms with a varying activity level. The blood supplies (mainly) oxygen to the tissues and the supply of course needs to match the requirements. Organisms rely on a number of mechanisms to ensure this match, one of these is to increase the blood-flow (heart-beat). But flow through a (blood) vessel relates directly to the pressure and inversely to the cross-sectional area of the vessel, so if the flow is increased, the organism must accept either a higher blood pressure or expand the blood-vessels. Of course, it is in reality a compromise of both mechanisms." ]

[ "PDF (Portable Document Format) PDF refers to a type of document format (PDF Document). It is a universal file format developed by Adobe ® that preserves all the fonts, formatting, graphics, and colour of any source document, regardless of the application and platform used to create it." ]

[ "Although I do enjoy a good comic now and again, I am quick to respond with a, “No, no, not comics, graphic novels,” elongating the g-r-a-p-h-i-c n-o-v-e-l-s in hopes that the listener will understand the difference — alas, they rarely do.", "Maps to Print. These are printable .pdfs. Most of them are letter-sized. Some are tiled map books. Most of the information in these paper maps is also available in the interactive GIS maps, and most of the interactive maps have a print option. Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has become a new scientific interest in the field of pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but the results of the published studies were contradictory. The aim of our study was therefore to measure fasting and postprandial GLP-1 concentrations in T1DM patients and in healthy controls and to examine the difference in those concentrations between the two groups of subjects.METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 30 C-peptide negative T1DM patients, median age 37 years (20-59), with disease duration 22 years (3-45), and 10 healthy controls, median age 30 years (27-47). Fasting and postprandial total and active GLP-1 concentrations were measured by ELISA (ALPCO, USA). The data were statistically analysed by SPSS, and significance level was accepted at P < 0.05.RESULTS: Both fasting total and active GLP-1 concentrations were significantly lower in T1DM patients (total 0.4 pmol/L, 0-6.4 and active 0.2 pmol/L, 0-1.9) compared with healthy controls (total 3.23 pmol/L, 0.2-5.5 and active 0.8 pmol/L, 0.2-3.6), P = 0.008 for total GLP-1 and P = 0.001 for active GLP-1. After adjustment for age, sex and body mass index, binary logistic regression showed that both fasting total and active GLP-1 remained significantly independently lower in T1DM patients (total GLP-1: OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.203-4.909 and active GLP-1: OR 8.73, 95% CI 1.472-51.787).CONCLUSIONS: T1DM patients had independently lower total and active GLP-1 fasting concentrations in comparison with healthy people, which supports the potential therapeutic role of incretin therapy, along with insulin therapy, in T1DM patients." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and brachial-ankle pulse velocity (baPWV).METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Beijing, China. Every subject underwent physical examinations, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood lipid and baPWV measurements and completed a standardized questionnaire. T2DM patients were divided into well controlled and poorly controlled groups according to HbA1c levels. The correlation between glycemic control of T2DM patients and baPWV was analyzed.RESULTS: In this study, 1 341 subjects were recruited, including 733 T2DM patients and 608 non-diabetes subjects. Compared with non-diabetes subjects, abnormal baPWV (baPWV?1 700 cm/s) rate for T2DM patients was higher (40.8% vs. 26.8%, P<0.001). With HbA1c<6.5% or <7.0% as the aim of glycemic control in T2DM patients, the abnormal baPWV rates for non-diabetes subjects, well controlled and poorly controlled T2DM patients were significantly different (non-diabetes vs. HbA1c<6.5% T2DM vs. HbA1c?6.5% T2DM: 26.8% vs. 32.8% vs. 42.6%, P<0.001; non-diabetes vs. HbA1c<7.0% T2DM vs. HbA1c?7.0% T2DM: 26.8% vs. 36.1% vs. 43.4%, P<0.001). After being adjusted for gender, age, smoking status, diabetes mellitus family history, T2DM duration, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), waist hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the Logistic regression models suggested that glycemic control status of T2DM patients was associated with abnormal baPWV. Compared with non-diabetes subjects, the ORs for abnormal baPWV in HbA1c<6.5% T2DM patients and HbA1c?6.5% T2DM patients were 0.927(95%CI 0.560-1.537) and 1.826 (95%CI 1.287-2.591). Compared with non-diabetes subjects, the ORs for abnormal baPWV in HbA1c<7.0% T2DM patients and HbA1c?7.0% T2DM patients were 1.210 (95%CI 0.808-1.811) and 1.898 (95%CI 1.313-2.745).CONCLUSION: The glycemic control status of T2DM patients from communities is significantly associated with baPWV. Poor glycemic control is a risk factor for abnormal baPWV. Keeping HbA1c under control might lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases in T2DM patients.", "AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: In healthy individuals, both insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are secreted in a pulsatile fashion. Insulin has greater glucose-lowering properties when administered in pulses compared with a constant i.v. infusion. The primary aim of this randomised double-dummy cross-over study was to compare the insulinotropic response to pulsatile and continuous i.v. infusions of equivalent doses of GLP-1.METHODS: Twelve healthy participants aged 18-35years were randomised to three different treatments on separate days: a continuous infusion day (GLP-1 at 0.6pmolkg(-1) min(-1) [1ml/min] and a 1ml placebo bolus every 6min); a pulsatile infusion day (placebo at 1ml/min and a 3.6pmol/kg GLP-1 bolus every 6min); and a placebo day (placebo at 1ml/min and a 1ml placebo bolus every 6min). Between 45 and 120min, a hyperglycaemic clamp was used to maintain blood glucose at 9mmol/l. Venous blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured every 5min from 0 to 45min and every 1min from 45 to 120min; plasma glucagon was measured every 15min. The order of treatment was randomised by the Pharmacy Department and both study investigators and participants were blinded to the treatment arm. The dextrose requirement and glucagon data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and insulin data were analysed with a linear mixed effects maximum likelihood model.RESULTS: Continuous and pulsatile infusions of GLP-1 increased the dextrose requirement by ~threefold (p < 0.001) and increased insulin secretion by ~ninefold (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the effect of both treatments. Although hyperglycaemia reduced plasma glucagon concentrations, there was no difference between the treatment days.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In healthy individuals, pulsatile and continuous administration of i.v. GLP-1 appears to have comparable insulinotropic effects.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12612001040853 FUNDING: This study was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Although the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) is widely used, misidentification of individuals with low health literacy (HL) in specific HL dimensions, like numeracy, is a concern. We examined the degree to which individuals scored as \"adequate\" HL on the S-TOFHLA would be considered as having low HL by two additional numerical measures.METHODS: English-speaking adults aged 45-75years were recruited from a large, urban academic medical center and a community foodbank in the United States. Participants completed the S-TOFHLA, the Subjective Numeracy Scale (SNS), and the Graphical Literacy Measure (GL), an objective measure of a person's ability to interpret numeric information presented graphically. Established cut-points or a median split classified participants and having high and low numeracy.RESULTS: Participants (n= 187), on average were: aged 58years; 63% female; 70% Black/African American; and 45% had a high school degree or less. Of those who scored \"adequate\" on the S-TOFHLA, 50% scored low on the SNS and 40% scored low on GL. Correlation between the S-TOFHLA and the SNS Total was moderate (r= 0.22, n= 186, p= 0.01), while correlation between the S-TOFHLA and the GL Total was large (r= 0.53, n= 187, p? 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the S-TOFHLA may not capture an individuals' HL in the dimension of numeracy. Efforts are needed to develop more encompassing and practical strategies for identifying those with low HL for use in research and clinical practice.TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02151032 (retrospectively registered: May 30, 2014)." ]

[ "CONTEXT: - In the XN series of hematology analyzers (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan), the probability of the presence of abnormal cells is indicated by flags based on Q values.OBJECTIVE: - To evaluate the Q value performance of the Sysmex XN-20 modular analyzer.DESIGN: - The interinstrumental concordance, intrainstrumental precision, and diagnostic accuracy of Q values, with tested flags of \"blasts/abnormal lymphocytes,\" \"atypical lymphocytes,\" and \"blasts,\" were investigated.RESULTS: - Absolute concordance rates in flagging between 2 analyzers ranged from 69.8% to 80.8%, and values ranged from 0.43 to 0.61. In samples with absolute related cell counts lower than 100/L, the values ranged from 0.31 to 0.52. For intrainstrumental precision, standard deviations ranged from 4.8 to 23.9 for the blasts/abnormal lymphocytes, from 18.7 to 59.1 for the blasts, and from 11.0 to 23.0 for the atypical lymphocytes. Using a default Q value cutoff, diagnostic accuracy values based on the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were, respectively, 0.910, 90.9%, and 72.2% for blasts/abnormal lymphocytes; 0.927, 84.9%, and 89.8% for blasts; and 0.865, 74.4%, and 84.9% for atypical lymphocytes. The diagnostic accuracy of Q values was much lower in samples with absolute related cell counts lower than 100/L than in those 100/L or higher.CONCLUSIONS: - Q values of the Sysmex XN-20 analyzer were found to be imprecise and irreproducible, especially with samples containing a small number of pathologic cells. Adjustments in the Q value threshold may help in the detection of these cells.", "Deficit in planning and problem-solving, affecting a wide range of neuropsychological patients, has been widely investigated using the Tower of London (ToL) test, as developed by Shallice (Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 298:199-209, 1). The ToL taps on several executive functions (EF), such as planning, time for planning or rule breaks, which may be usefully indexed by different ToL measurements. However, in its original version, the different aspects involved in ToL are not evaluated in a specific way.Here, we report the standardization of the ToL, on 896 individuals aged 15-86years, taking in account individual factors (i.e. gender, age, years of education) which may affect performances on ToL. We computed several indexes on the ToL including score, planning and execution times, perseverations, rule breaks and self-monitoring. We found that these indexes were affected by individual factors such as gender, age and education. Present results not only provide extensive normative data according to gender, as well as different age and education ranges, but also represent a very useful instrument for a more fine-grained diagnosis of EF deficits in a wide range of neuropsychological patients, including traumatic brain injury and brain-damaged patients, as well as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease patients." ]

[ "How much do you pay the priest performing a Catholic funeral service? \"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Religion & Spirituality Christianity Catholicism How much do you pay the priest performing a Catholic funeral service? Flag How much do you pay the priest performing a Catholic funeral service? Answer by Traz Confidence votes 9.6KA priest does not receive payment for administering a service or sacrament; salvation is not only for the rich. It is recommended, however, that a donation called a \"\"stipend\"\" be given if it is within the means of the those who have requested the service or sacrament. While a priest is given an allowance to meet his needs, stipends allow the priest to have a supplement to their set income. You can usually call the local priory and ask the secretary what the recommended stipend is for a specific service or sacrament in your region. If you cannot afford a stipend, this should not affect the priest's willingness to provide the service or sacrament requested.14 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No How long is the Catholic funeral service? The length of a Catholic funeral mass can vary. However, it willgenerally last for about one hour. Stages include conveyance to thechurch, the cycle of prayers, the mass and t …James Hough 195,902 Contributions James received his education in the Catholic seminary. He is a Master Catechist, teaches an adult Catechism class and the RCIA. How much does a Catholic priest get paid? The amount a priest is paid varies from diocese to diocese. A priest's salary is suplimented by the 'stipends' he receives when he offers a Mass. . Catholic Answer Dioces …Zoop 5,307 Contributions How much do you pay a Catholic Priest for performing the Rosary? Nothing William Howe 565,038 Contributions The purpose of life is to have a life with purpose. When did payment for services begin for Catholic priests? Priests receive a salary and are not paid for their services, such as baptisms, marriages, etc. That would be a form of simony and not permitted by the Church. However, it is …What is the order of service in a Catholic funeral? Apart from the mortuary context- it is essentially a Mass like any other and has the normal Introit, entry hymn, prayers, epistle, Gospel, sermon and Communion and the various …deajohn1 p 7,370 Contributions Mechanical Engineer, Author, Permanent Deacon Can a Catholic priest perform a marriage not in a church? Usually not. However, there are exceptions if one of the couples is not Christian, and out of respect of his or her religion, such as Jewish. This could happen, if the non cat …James Hough 195,902 Contributions James received his education in the Catholic seminary. He is a Master Catechist, teaches an adult Catechism class and the RCIA. What does a priest talk about at a Catholic Church service? If you are referring to the Eucharist (the Holy Mass), the Priestfollows the text as provided in the Missal. The only time that hemay speak outside of the text in the Missal i …Should you pay or give a gift to a priest performing a Catholic Confirmation? No, that isn't necessary! Preists don't receive individual gifts from members of the church, the church receives gifts... but get this, they share them with other churches in …William Howe 565,038 Contributions The purpose of life is to have a life with purpose. How much do pay a Catholic priest for Last Rites? Nothing, that is part of his job. How much do Catholics pay a priest to hear their confession? It's free. Village Vicarage 1,017 Contributions What is the smoke the priest shakes at a funeral service? The 'smoke' that comes from the priest's 'thurible' or 'censer' is a mixture of self-igniting charcoal and incense - mostly frankincense and myrrh. Incense is symbolic as a si …James Hough 195,902 Contributions James received his education in the Catholic seminary. He is a Master Catechist, teaches an adult Catechism class and the RCIA. Can Catholic priests conduct funerals? Yes, as death and burial have deep theological significance for Christians, there are three ritual moments in the liturgy: the vigil, the funeral liturgy proper, and the rite …Answered In Uncategorized How much stipend do you pay the priest for a service? Nothing at all. A stipend is an allowance paid by the diocese to fund essential living costs (food, petrol, clothes etc). In a way, it is a salary. But it is not paid by th …Holly Williams 52 Contributions Answered In Catholicism When did Catholic priests get licensed to perform marriages? Catholic priests have always had the authority to perform marriages but I am assuming they are licensed to perform marriages when they are ordained. Marriage, or matrimony, is …James Hough 195,902 Contributions James received his education in the Catholic seminary. He is a Master Catechist, teaches an adult Catechism class and the RCIA. Answered In Catholicism How do you pay a Catholic priest for performing holy marriage? You do not \"\"pay\"\" a priest for performing a sacrament, that is called simony, and it is a sin. Usually you give the priest a \"\"stole fee\"\" or a donation, you can call the parish …deajohn1 p 7,370 Contributions Mechanical Engineer, Author, Permanent Deacon Answered In Catholicism Should you pay or give a gift to a priest performing a Catholic sacrament of holy matrimony? Yes, it is called a stipend or stole fee. You should call theoffice and ask what the customary donation is. Please note that itis not required, and if you cannot afford it, yo …I am Flukey 918,838 Contributions I am an idealistic realist. I'd love an ideal world, but I am realistic to know it can't happen. Answered In Catholicism Who pays a Catholic priest? They are paid by their diocese or by their order. People also givedonations to priests occasionally when they do events for them likeretreats, weddings or baptisms. \"" ]

[ "Even dying's expensive now... Average cost of funeral shoots up to £3,456 â but what do you do if you don't have the money? Even dying's expensive now... Average cost of funeral shoots up to £3,456 – but what do you do if you don't have the money? By Rachel Rickard Straus Published: 04:41 EDT, 25 January 2014 | Updated: 04:43 EDT, 25 January 201462View comments More than 100,000 people will struggle to pay for a funeral this year, a report revealed this week. The average cost of a funeral for a loved one rose by 80 per cent between 2004 and 2013, and is expected to continue to rise. The average cost of dying – including funeral, burial or cremation and state administration – rose by 7.1 per cent in the last year alone to £7,622 in the last year alone. But what do you do if you simply do not have the money to pay for a funeral? After years of stagnant wage growth, rising living costs people in England and Wales have an average of just £7,780 in savings, according to figures from Halifax.+6Rising costs: The average cost of a funeral as risen by 80 per cent since 2004It means millions of people would struggle to find the money to pay for a funeral should the worst happen. While there is government support available to help those in need, funds are woefully inadequate, according to the Cost of Dying report from Sun Life Direct and the University of Bath. More... Average funeral now costs £7,600 and thousands are struggling to afford a fitting send off Money Morals: Should I keep my funeral savings or just spend them while I can enjoy it? Households unable to afford 'an acceptable standard of living' up by a fifth in three years So what can you do if you need help to cover the costs? Can you pay out of the deceased’s funds? Banks are usually willing to consider requests to settle the funeral bill from a late customer’s account, provided funds are available. You would have to show the bank the original funeral bill or invoice. The bank would then provide a cheque or other payment payable to the funeral director.+6Adding up: The 'cost of dying' has risen to £7,622, according to the The Sun Life Direct Cost of Dying Survey Some banks may also reimburse a funeral bill that has already been paid, so long as you can provide proof of payment, according to the British Bankers’ Association. However this process is not necessarily without stresses.‘There can be disagreement among family members over how much should be spent,’ says Dr Kate Woodthorpe, lecturer in Sociology at the Centre for Death and Society (CDAS), the University of Bath. ‘ For example if there is £5,000 in the account one sibling may think that should be spent on the funeral while another may think some should be spent on something else.’Will the funeral director help? Some funeral directors do offer loans for those who are unable to pay upfront. Others will decline new customers who cannot offer a deposit upfront or show that they can pay for the cost of the funeral. It can be worth shopping around to find a funeral director that offers value and also understands your financial situation. If you opt to pay back in instalments, make sure you agree to a plan you will be able to keep up with.+6Send-off: Cremations can cost considerably less in the morning than at midday‘So many people are in debt already,’ says John Harris, managing director of funeral directors T. Cribb and Sons, ‘and many are on low incomes trying to get by. It often wouldn’t make sense to get into debt for a £3,000 funeral. We only offer credit if it’s sensible for the family. We also try to help families arrange a dignified send-off within what they have.’What do I actually have to spend? The costs of a funeral can really add up. While the average price of a funeral, including non-discretionary fees and a burial or cremation is £3,456, the average amount spent on extras is considerably more. Extras such as a memorial, flowers and catering amount to £2,006 on average, while discretionary estate administration costs have now hit £2,160, according to Cost of Dying report. When planning a funeral you will have to make huge decisions about what is important to spend money on and what is not. It can be difficult to make these choices under the time pressures you are under and also balancing social expectations. Dr Woodthorpe says: ‘People will often say ‘Oh, just put me in a box in the ground’ – but the reality is it’s not that easy for loved ones left behind. Many see a funeral as a measure of the person who died or the strength of the relationship with the friends or family who are giving them a send-off.’+6Strain: The cost of the average funeral has risen significantly faster than wage inflation John Harris says that many factors will affect cost, such as where the deceased passed away, whether you want a cremation or burial. The minimum would include a coffin, burial or cremation fees, a hearse to transport the body to the place of cremation, and doctors’ fees if it’s a cremation. How can I reduce costs? Some bereaved people surveyed by the University of Bath said they had resorted to alternative means to organise a funeral. One woman felt she could not afford to take on the debt of her mother’s funeral and was not sure whether she would receive support from the social fund, so she organised a DIY funeral instead, which cost her £900. She bought her mother’s coffin on the internet, picked up her mother’s body from the hospital in her car. She subsequently sold the car to generate cash to pay for the funeral costs. Some funeral directors offer a simple, dignified, service on their premises, which can be significantly cheaper than a service elsewhere. John Harris says: ‘We offer a simple service on our premises, where we have a small chapel. Around 40-45 people are able to attend, and then there is the cremation after. We receive a reduced cost at the crematorium and the service is very dignified and intimate. This would cost around £1,600 – plus £157 if it’s a cremation because there are doctors’ fees involved. '+6Increases: Average costs have risen every year since 2008 - and 2012 saw a considerable rise in ministers' fees There are also other ways to reduce costs. For example, some crematoria will halve the price if you have a cremation at 9.30 am, says John Harris. ‘Many people live out of town these days, so people prefer cremations with plenty of time to get there and back. So there is congestion around midday. But if you can be more flexible with timing, you can often reduce costs.’Many local authorities will charge more for a burial or cremation of someone who was not a resident of the area. So it can be cheaper to arrange the burial or cremation in the area where the deceased lived. Are there bursaries or any kind of assistance available? The government provides a Social Fund to help loved ones cover the costs of a funeral if they cannot afford it. However the University of Bath has warned that the maximum amount awarded does not meet the full cost of a funeral. The total award in 2010/2011 was just £1,217, leaving claimants with an outstanding debt to pay, while 44 per cent of claims were rejected. You or the deceased must have been claiming some kind of benefits in order to be eligible, and you will need to prove that there is no one else related to the deceased who could feasibly be in line to pay the funeral costs. You have to fill out a 23-page form to apply and may not receive the funds until after the funeral as processing time can be a couple of weeks. This can leave applicants with considerable financial uncertainty, so it is always worth thinking about how you would manage if your claim is unsuccessful.+6Burial costs can vary significantly in different regions around the country What if I absolutely cannot pay at all? The local authority or hospital trust will provide a Public Health Funeral. Once called a pauper’s funeral, these do not have the same social stigma as perhaps they once had. A survey from the University of Bath concluded: ‘A feeling of shame associated with not being able to afford a funeral is not universal. Interviews with local authority employees tasked with organising Public Health Funerals suggest there may be an emerging trend of individuals or families unwilling to organise and pay for a funeral of a deceased family member, usually as a result of estrangement. 'This reluctance to pay for a funeral is not necessarily accompanied by feelings of social stigma.’These services are small, but dignified. Julie Dunk, technical series and events manager at the Institute of Cemetery and Crematorium Management, says an outsider would never be able to tell whether a funeral was arranged and paid for by the local authority or by a family member or friend of the deceased - the format will be the same. 'Local authorities have a legal duty to make arrangements where no others are - or are likely to be - made,' she said. They were brought in as a last resort for where there is no family or anyone else to make arrangements. But while they were not designed for people who can't afford to pay for a funeral, they are increasingly used for this reason. Sometimes people genuinely have no other option. 'Generally local authorities will have agreements with a local funeral director, who would carry out the funeral in the same way as for a funeral paid for by relatives or friends. 'Some of these funerals have been among the best-attended I have been to - sometimes over 100 people. There was one funeral in Bournemouth of a homeless man who used to sell the Big Issue outside of Waitrose. Although he had no friends or family to pay for his funeral, there were lots of people who wanted to pay their respects - and around 100 showed up. 'What about funeral plans? These can take the weight of paying and organising a funeral off the shoulders of those who are left behind. Pre-paid funeral plans allow you to organise and pay for your funeral upfront. They can be bought from a funeral plan provider or a local funeral director. It is worth checking that the plan includes the costs of everything you would want, as there can be considerable variation. If you are likely to have funds in a savings account and do not want to do any of the planning, a funeral plan may not be the best option. John Harris is from the fourth generation of T Cribb and Sons, the oldest funeral directors in the East End of London with a history going back to the nineteenth century. He says attitudes to death have changed over the years, and with this attitudes to paying for funerals. 'When I started out 40 years ago, most people would have ‘penny policies’ or other insurance policies to pay for their funeral. But young people today often think they’re immortal – they don’t put provisions in place. Or people say ‘it’s not my problem – I’m going to be dead’. But it’s a completely different experience for family members if the funeral is prepaid – practically all they have to do is pick the date.’Advertisement Share or comment on this article Most watched Money videos Embed this Ferrari send fans into rapture with teaser for their new car Ray Massey takes Range Rover new plug-in hybrid PHEV... Range Rover races through the 99-turns of the Tianmen Road Take a look at the brand new Jaguar I-Pace prototype Rare 427 Shelby Cobra and Ferrari 275 discovered How to invest in biotech: A top fund manager explains Big Money Questions: What is diversifying? This is how Volvo's new V60 City Safety technology works SUNDAY NEWSPAPER SHARE TIPS: IMImobile, Treatt, Burberry... TRADER TIPS: City insiders say buy Rank Group despite a... Investors exploiting turmoil at WPP to push for break-up... 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Nomadic H, London, United Kingdom, 2 years ago I'm 42, I don't have a good relationship with money and have long ago given up trying to save anything. Even when I was making my age followed by 3 figures in wages, I was still unable to pay off the growing number of bills, rent, car fees, etc etc.. I was married then, and after my divorce I lost everything and it was then I decided to be happy with little and want nothing more. Now that my son is 16, I've started to lose sleep worrying about how my funeral bills will be paid, whether he'll respect me for making do with a local authority organised event. The planet is a prison, to be honest, I can't wait to die. I just don't want my son struggling to give me a send off.. The system is utter bs and if I had my way I'd jail all the bankers tomorrow and be done with the monetary system in a heart beat!1297Click to ratedougdoug, glasgow, United Kingdom, 3 years agowhen your parents register your birth they gave the name you usually answer to and your body to the crown. the crown owns you. the bloody crown can bury you. they have made you work most of your lives for iou's in other words everything you ever bought in your life never ever belonged to you. they belong to the owner of the note: the banks. check out all the grave stones in a graveyard and ask why all the names are capitalized. This is all done to you being registered as opposed to recorded.472Click to rate Abrit, London, United Kingdom, 3 years ago Hear tell that an expensive funeral is a sign of respect - bloody balderdash as it's a wee bit late for that.245Click to rate Abrit, London, United Kingdom, 3 years ago Hear tell that spending so much on a funeral is a sign of respect. Bloody rubbish; respect is for the living; the dead's cares are over.134Click to ratebluebellfunerals, swaffham, United Kingdom, 3 years ago Not all funeral companies are there to rip people off, we exist because we care and offer an affordable service with the highest possible standards for just over £1000. We operate throughout the country and always offer a bespoke service. We are not here to make a profit , just to pay the bills and to ensure that your loved one has the best send off possible.1762Click to rate Theodore13, Leeds, United Kingdom, 3 years ago I was recently involved in arranging a relatives funeral and the flowers alone were £560.00. I was gobsmacked !! They consisted of two wreaths, one large and one a bit smaller. with apx a tenners worth of flowers and a few scabby ribbons in each one. I am disgusted. Talk about cashing in on other peoples misery. Greedy , disgraceful pigs. I want to go back to the florist and DEMAND an explanation. I'll be happy with a bunch of dandelions please.879Click to rate Theodore13, Leeds, United Kingdom, 3 years ago I was recently involved in arranging a relatives funeral and just the flowers alone were £ 560.00. I was gobsmacked. It was a couple of wreaths with about a tenners worth of flowers in each one and a few scabby ribbons. Disgraceful , robbing pigs who cash in on and take advantage of other peoples misery . I'll be happy with a bunch of dandelions please.524Click to rateclyde, glasgow, 4 years ago Being Jewish we are encouraged to put money away from the age of 18 to cover the cost of burial we have societies to do this. When one gets married you have to cover your wife as well. If you do not subscribe then you have to pay back payments to keep a level playing field with those who have subscribed.1815Click to ratemally, jimena de la frontera, Spain, 3 years agobut its not just for 18 years my mums still paying at 88 she's paid more than treble the amount315Click to ratescapegrace, edgware, United Kingdom, 4 years ago Perhaps more people should consider leaving their bodies for medical education.1459Click to ratescapegrace, edgware, United Kingdom, 4 years ago Perhaps more people should consider leaving their bodies for medical education.727Click to rate View all The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of Mail Online. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. 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[ "UNLABELLED: Listeria monocytogenes senses blue light via the flavin mononucleotide-containing sensory protein Lmo0799, leading to activation of the general stress response sigma factor SigB ((B)). In this study, we investigated the physiological response of this foodborne pathogen to blue light. We show that blue light (460 to 470 nm) doses of 1.5 to 2 mW cm(-2) cause inhibition of growth on agar-based and liquid culture media. The inhibitory effects are dependent on cell density, with reduced effects evident when high cell numbers are present. The addition of 20 mM dimethylthiourea, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, or catalase to the medium reverses the inhibitory effects of blue light, suggesting that growth inhibition is mediated by the formation of reactive oxygen species. A mutant strain lacking (B) (sigB) was found to be less inhibited by blue light than the wild type, likely indicating the energetic cost of deploying the general stress response. When a lethal dose of light (8 mW cm(-2)) was applied to cells, the sigB mutant displayed a marked increase in sensitivity to light compared to the wild type. To investigate the role of the blue-light sensor Lmo0799, mutants were constructed that either had a deletion of the gene (lmo0799) or alteration in a conserved cysteine residue at position 56, which is predicted to play a pivotal role in the photocycle of the protein (lmo0799 C56A). Both mutants displayed phenotypes similar to the sigB mutant in the presence of blue light, providing genetic evidence that residue 56 is critical for light sensing in L. monocytogenes Taken together, these results demonstrate that L. monocytogenes is inhibited by blue light in a manner that depends on reactive oxygen species, and they demonstrate clear light-dependent phenotypes associated with (B) and the blue-light sensor Lmo0799.IMPORTANCE: Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial foodborne pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in humans. It is known to be able to sense and respond to visible light. In this study, we examine the effects of blue light on the growth and survival of this pathogen. We show that growth can be inhibited at comparatively low doses of blue light, and that at higher doses, L. monocytogenes cells are killed. We present evidence suggesting that blue light inhibits this organism by causing the production of reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide. We help clarify the mechanism of light sensing by constructing a \"blind\" version of the blue-light sensor protein. Finally, we show that activation of the general stress response by light has a negative effect on growth, probably because cellular resources are diverted into protective mechanisms rather than growth." ]

[ "Blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been known to produce an antibacterial effect on various pathogenic bacteria. To extend this application to foods, blue 460-nm LEDs were evaluated for their antibacterial effect on Salmonella in orange juice. A cocktail of Salmonella enterica serovars Gaminara, Montevideo, Newport, Typhimurium, and Saintpaul was inoculated into pasteurized orange juice and illuminated with 460-nm LEDs at irradiances of 92, 147.7, and 254.7 mW/cm(2) and temperatures of 4, 12, and 20C. Subsequently, linear, Weibull, and Gompertz models were fitted to the resultant survival curves. The color of the orange juice during illumination was also monitored. It was observed that irradiance and temperature both influenced the inactivation of Salmonella, which ranged from 2 to 5 log CFU/ml. The inactivation kinetics was best described by the Weibull model. An irradiance of 92 mW/cm(2) and temperatures of 12 and 20C were the most bactericidal combinations, with D-values of 1,580 and 2,013 J/cm(2), respectively. Significant color changes were also observed after illumination; these changes could be minimized by choosing appropriate irradiance and temperature. These results demonstrate the potential of 460-nm LEDs for the preservation of fruit juices in the retail markets and their utility in minimizing the risk of salmonellosis.", "Light influences many physiological processes in most organisms. To investigate the influence of light on plant and pathogen interaction, we challenged tomato seedlings with Pseudomonas cichorii JBC1 by flood inoculation and incubated the seedlings under different light conditions. Tomato seedlings exposed to green or red light showed a significant reduction in disease incidence compared with those grown under white light or dark conditions. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effects of each light wavelength on P. cichorii JBC1 and tomato plants. Treatment with various light wavelengths at 120 mol m(-2) s(-1) revealed no significant difference in growth, swarming motility, or biofilm formation of the pathogen. In addition, when we vacuum-infiltrated P. cichorii JBC1 into tomato plants, green and red light also suppressed disease incidence which indicated that the reduced disease severity was not from direct influence of light on the pathogen. Significant upregulation of the defense-related genes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and pathogenesis-related protein 1a (PR-1a) was observed in P. cichorii JBC1-infected tomato seedlings grown under green or red light compared with seedlings grown under white light or dark conditions. The results of this study indicate that light conditions can influence plant defense mechanisms. In particular, green and red light increase the resistance of tomato plants to infection by P. cichorii." ]

[ "PURPOSE: To report a case of circumferential neuroepithelial cyst of the ciliary body presenting with pigment dispersion (PD) and ocular hypertension.CASE REPORT: 48-year-old female patient presented with a complaint of pain in the left eye. On examination, visual acuity of the left eye was 0.9, and the intraocular pressure was 48 mmHg. Biomicroscopic anterior segment examination of the left eye revealed 4+ pigmented cells in the anterior chamber. Active PD from the pupillary region at 11 o'clock was noticed at the time of the examination. Ultrasound biomicroscopy demonstrated 360? cystic lesions of the ciliary body in the left eye. The patient was diagnosed as neuroepithelial cyst of the ciliary body.CONCLUSION: Our case is unique as it is the first case of circumferential neuroepithelial ciliary body cyst presenting with acute PD and ocular hypertension." ]

[ "Cilia are highly conserved organelles, which serve critical roles in development and physiology. Motile cilia are expressed in a limited range of tissues, where they principally regulate local extracellular fluid dynamics. In contrast, primary cilia are expressed by many vertebrate cell types during interphase, and are intimately involved in the cell cycle and signal transduction. Notably, primary cilia are essential for vertebrate hedgehog pathway activity. Improved detection of motile cilia may assist in the diagnosis of some pathologic entities such as Rathke's cleft cysts, whereas characterizing primary cilia in neoplastic tissues may implicate cilia-dependent signaling pathways as critical for tumorigenesis. We show that immunohistochemistry for the nuclear transcription factor FOXJ1, a master regulator of motile ciliogenesis, robustly labels the motile ciliated epithelium of Rathke's cleft cysts. FOXJ1 expression discriminates Rathke's cleft cysts from entities in the sellar/suprasellar region with overlapping histologic features such as craniopharyngiomas. Co-immunohistochemistry for FOXJ1 and markers that highlight motile cilia such as acetylated tubulin (TUBA4A) and the small GTPase ARL13B further enhance the ability to identify diagnostic epithelial cells. In addition to highlighting motile cilia, ARL13B immunohistochemistry also robustly highlights primary cilia in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Primary cilia are present throughout the neoplastic epithelium of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, but are limited to basally oriented cells near the fibrovascular stroma in papillary craniopharyngioma. Consistent with this differing pattern of primary ciliation, adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas express significantly higher levels of SHH, and downstream targets such as PTCH1 and GLI2, compared with papillary craniopharyngiomas. In conclusion, motile ciliated epithelium can be readily identified using immunohistochemistry for FOXJ1, TUBA4A, and ARL13B, facilitating the diagnosis of Rathke's cleft cysts. Primary cilia can be identified by ARL13B immunohistochemistry in routine pathology specimens. The widespread presence of primary cilia in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma implicates cilia-dependent hedgehog signaling in the pathogenesis of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.", "BACKGROUND: To report a case for repair of cyclodialysis after trabeculectomy with Cionni-modified capsular tension ring.CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-year-old man who had undergone trabeculectomy of his left eye 3months earlier visited our clinic owing to blurred vision. His visual acuity was 20/2000 and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 6mmHg. Slit-lamp examination showed a shallow anterior chamber and dense cataract. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed 360 detachment of the ciliary body and suspected cyclodialysis of the trabeculectomy incision. Choroidal detachment was confirmed by B-scan ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography. Phacoemulsification was performed in which a foldable intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted in the capsular bag and a Cionni-modified capsular tension ring (MCTR) was inserted into the ciliary sulcus. The maximum focal point of the MCTR was rotated to the site of the most severe cyclodialysis and the MCTR was sutured to the sclera through its two eyelets. The patient's best-corrected visual acuity improved to 30/50 and the IOP increased to 16mmHg after surgery. Gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy confirmed closure of the cyclodialysis and resolution of choroidal detachment.CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemjulsification with implantation of an intraocular lens combined with insertion of an MCTR into the ciliary sulcus appears to be a relatively safe, effective, minimally invasive method for repairing cyclodialysis in cataract patients. Although the technique yielded good results and appeared to be safe in one patient, further studies are necessary to validate the findings on more patients and with a long-term follow-up." ]

[ "On June 25, 1950, the Korean War began when some 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People’s Army poured across the 38th parallel, the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the north and the pro-Western Republic of Korea to the south. This invasion was the first military action of the Cold War." ]

[ "The “Domino theory” coined by President Eisenhower in 1954 could be seen as the first propaganda effort to justify U.S. assistance for South Vietnamese government. The theory emphasized on the strategic importance of South Vietnam in the effort to prevent the spread of communism throughout the world.", "After the first two months of the conflict, South Korean forces were on the point of defeat, forced back to the Pusan Perimeter. In September 1950, an amphibious UN counter-offensive was launched at Inchon, and cut off many of the North Korean attackers.or the remainder of the Korean War the UN Command and the PVA fought, but exchanged little territory; the stalemate held. Large-scale bombing of North Korea continued, and protracted armistice negotiations began 10 July 1951 at Kaesong." ]

[ "Background: Possible drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between antiretrovirals (ARVs) and direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are of some concern.Objectives: To investigate ARV plasma trough concentrations (Ctrough) before and during DAAs in patients treated in the real world.Methods: Single-centre, prospective, observational study including HIV/HCV coinfected persons undergoing DAA treatment. Self-reported adherence was assessed and ARVs Ctrough measured by HPLC-UV. Blood samples were collected before and after 2 months of DAA treatment.Results: One-hundred and thirty-seven patients were included: 21.2% treated with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir  dasabuvir (2D/3D) and 78.8% with sofosbuvir-based regimens. Suboptimal Ctrough before and during DAA was found, respectively, in 3 (10.3%) and 3 (10.3%) cases treated with 2D/3D, and 16 (14.8%) and 11 (10.2%) with sofosbuvir-based regimens, even if self-reported ARV adherence was always ?93%. In 2D/3D-treated patients, median darunavir Ctrough during DAAs was significantly lower than observed before DAAs [1125 ng/mL (IQR, 810-1616) versus 1903 ng/mL (IQR 1387-3983), respectively] (n = 5; P = 0.009), with a 40.9% decrease. In the same group, no differences in atazanavir or raltegravir concentrations were found. In patients treated with sofosbuvir-based regimens, Ctrough of all ARVs were similar before and during DAAs.Conclusions: In the real world of HIV/HCV coinfected patients, ARV plasma concentrations during DAAs were generally not different from those found before anti-HCV treatment. Although assessed in a small number of patients, darunavir concentrations during 2D/3D showed a significant reduction when compared with those found before DAAs. ARV plasma concentrations measurement during anti-HCV treatment may give useful information for managing HIV/HCV coinfected persons receiving treatment for both infections." ]

[ "Gene therapy using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for the treatment of retinal degenerations has shown safety and efficacy in clinical trials. However, very high levels of vector expression may be necessary for the treatment of conditions such as Stargardt disease where a dual vector approach is potentially needed, or in optogenetic strategies for end-stage degeneration in order to achieve maximal light sensitivity. In this study, we assessed two vectors with single capsid mutations, rAAV2/2(Y444F) and rAAV2/8(Y733F) in their ability to transduce retina in the Abca4-/- and rd1 mouse models of retinal degeneration. We noted significantly increased photoreceptor transduction using rAAV2/8(Y733F) in the Abca4-/- mouse, in contrast to previous work where vectors tested in this model have shown low levels of photoreceptor transduction. Bipolar cell transduction was achieved following subretinal delivery of both vectors in the rd1 mouse, and via intravitreal delivery of rAAV2/2(Y444F). The successful use of rAAV2/8(Y733F) to target bipolar cells was further validated on human tissue using an ex vivo culture system of retinal explants. Capsid mutant AAV vectors transduce human retinal cells and may be particularly suited to treat retinal degenerations in which high levels of transgene expression are required.", "Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) acted as cancer promoter promoted urinary bladder, liver, and lung carcinogenesis in rats. Understanding of the distribution of arsenicals in critical sites will aid to define the action of DMA(V)-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity. The present experiment was conducted to compare the accumulated levels of arsenicals in the liver, kidney, and bladder of both male and female rats after subchronic exposure to DMA(V). After exposure to DMA(V) in drinking water for 10 weeks, urinary DMA concentrations of 100 and 200 ppm DMA(V)-treated rats increased significantly compared with those of the control rats. Smaller amount of trimethylarsinic acid (TMA) was detected in urine, but not in liver, kidney, and bladder muscle. In the liver and kidney, the levels of DMA in DMA(V)-treated rats significantly increased compared with those of the control group, but there was no difference between 100 and 200 ppm DMA(V)-treated rats. DMA did not accumulate in bladder muscle. There was no difference for DMA concentrations between male and female rats. Our results suggest that the accumulation of DMA in the liver and kidney was saturated above 100 ppm DMA(V) treatment concentration, and DMA(V) was a little partly metabolized to TMA, and TMA was rapidly excreted into urine." ]

[ "Lawyers formed a group to give legal aid to indigent clients." ]

[ "Lawyers formed a group to give legal aid to large corporations." ]

[ "Sam Claflin were cast in the film. Stephen Peacocke was cast on March 24, 2015, with Jenna Coleman and Charles Dance cast on April 2, 2015. On April 9, 2015, Janet McTeer joined the cast; and Brendan Coyle, Matthew Lewis, Samantha Spiro, Vanessa Kirby, and Ben Lloyd-Hughes joined the cast the next day. Principal photography began in April 2015, and ended on June 26, 2015. The film was shot in various locations in the UK, including Pembroke, Wales, and Chenies Manor House, Chenies, Buckinghamshire, England for the wedding scenes, while Mallorca, Spain, stands in for Mauritius. In July 2014, it" ]

[ "Before the Door Pictures Before the Door Pictures is a media production company that was founded in 2008 by three Carnegie Mellon University drama graduates. The company was founded by three Carnegie Mellon University's School of Drama graduates, actor Zachary Quinto, Corey Moosa and Neal Dodson after completing work on J.C. Chandor's \"\"All Is Lost\"\", starring Robert Redford and including an appearance at the Cannes Film Festival. Subsequently, they worked on \"\"Breakup at a Wedding\"\", \"\"The Banshee Chapter\"\", Periods, \"\"Never Here\"\", Hollidaysburg, \"\"A Most Violent Year\"\", and Aardvark. They also produced and appeared on the Starz filmmaking documentary television series", "noted for its use of the Steadicam for tracking shots and its use of long takes, the longest of the Steadicam takes at about 11 minutes. As the summer was one of the hottest on record, the cast and crew suffered along with the city residents, as temperatures exceeded 100 degrees F (38 °C) for most of the production. The film is notable for essentially taking place in real time, i.e. the time elapsed in the story is the run time of the film. In the fast-changing temperate Paris climate, this created challenges for the cinematographer Lee Daniel to match" ]

[ "10 years for small stars,average-sized stars, and large stars live." ]

[ "How Long Do Starfish Live. The lifespan of starfish differs significantly between species, normally being longer in greater species. The adults (weighing 2 g) become mature in 2 years age, and can survive up to 10 years while those weighing (80 g) reach the maturity age in five years, and can survive up to 34 years.", "Eventually, radiation pressure from the star blows away the envelope and the new star begins its evolution. The properties and lifetime of the new star depend on the amount of gas that remains trapped. A star like our sun has a lifetime of about 10 billion years and is just middle-aged, with another five billion years or so left." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is an unusual variant of fibrosarcoma that was previously considered to be a low-grade tumor with an indolent course. To our knowledge, the spine is a rare primary site for SEF, with only a few cases reported to date.CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a case of SEF occurring in the cervicothoracic spine of a 64-year-old man with complaints of neck pain and right hand tingling for 6 months before clinical presentation. Imaging revealed a large mass that extended from C5 to T1 in the right posterior paraspinal soft tissues, with involvement of the posterior elements from C6 to T1 and infiltration of the T1 vertebral body. We performed an en bloc spondylectomy and gross total resection of the tumor. Pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics confirmed the diagnosis of SEF.CONCLUSIONS: Because of the anatomic nature of the cervicothoracic spine and critical neurovascular structures that the tumor involves, a true en bloc resection might not be possible, but an oncologically sound excision is ideal." ]

[ "Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem inflammatory and vascular disease resulting in extensive tissue fibrosis. Glycyrrhizin, clinically used for chronic hepatic diseases and itching dermatitis, modulates the pathological processes of inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis in human diseases and their animal models. Therefore, we investigated a potential impact of glycyrrhizin on the key pathological manifestations of SSc, including inflammation, vasculopathy, and tissue fibrosis, with bleomycin-treated mice mimicking the fibrotic and inflammatory components of SSc and endothelial cell-specific Fli1-knockout mice recapitulating SSc vasculopathy. Glycyrrhizin significantly ameliorated dermal fibrosis in bleomycin-treated mice, which was partly attributable to blockade of transforming growth factor- signaling in dermal fibroblasts through the down-regulation of thrombospondin 1, a latent transforming growth factor- receptor, and transcription factors Smad3 and Ets1. Furthermore, bleomycin-dependent induction of T helper type 2-skewed immune polarization, M2 macrophage infiltration, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition were greatly suppressed in mice administered glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin also improved vascular permeability of endothelial cell-specific Fli1-knockout mice by increasing the expression of molecules regulating vascular integrity. These results indicate that glycyrrhizin ameliorates bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis through the inhibition of fibroblast activation, T helper type 2-skewed immune polarization, M2 macrophage infiltration, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and improves endothelial Fli1 deficiency-dependent vascular disintegrity, implying its potential as a disease-modifying drug for SSc.", "Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm, with an as yet unidentified cell of origin. Two subtypes of epithelioid sarcoma, distal/classic and proximal/large cell type, are recognized in the literature; with the proximal-type having a lower incidence amongst the two. Here, we present a case of proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma in a previously healthy young man. Fine-needle-aspiration of a large axillary mass was performed for diagnosis. The cytologic findings included a dispersed population of large epithelioid to polyhedral cells with abundant cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining showed coexpression of keratin and vimentin, as well as loss of INI1 staining, consistent with an epithelioid sarcoma, proximal subtype." ]

[ "Student loan consolidation is the process of merging multiple student loans into one new loan with one easy monthly payment, rather than multiple payments each month. Essentially, the new loan pays off your old student loans when you consolidate. Because your old student loans are paid off, the consolidation process is not reversible." ]

[ "The best way to consolidate debt is to consolidate in a way that avoids taking on additional debt. If you're facing a rising mound of unsecured debt, the best strategy is to consolidate it through a credit counseling agency. When you use this method to consolidate bills, you're not borrowing more money.", "The second phase involves converting this “interim” loan into a “permanent” mortgage loan. The other strategy is to utilize a single lender (and usually a single loan with a conversion feature) to provide the financing for the interim construction phase and the permanent mortgage loan. This combined financing arrangement is typically referred to as a “one-time-close”. Construction-to-Perm Financing." ]

[ "I can understand your concern. Calcified granuloma in lungs is mostly due to previous healed tuberculosis or lung infection. No treatment is required as it is inactive lesion. Yes, he can go abroad, but we need to first prove that this Calcified granuloma is noninfectious and inactive. So consult pulmonologist for this. He will need CT thorax and bronchoscopy. Of both these are negative for active infections then he can definitely go abroad." ]

[ "I can understand your situation and problem. Coughing out blood is known as hemoptysis. Hemoptysis with right upper love lesion on chest x-ray can be seen in following conditions. 1. Tuberculosis2. Pneumonia3. Lung cancer. So better to consult pulmonologist and get done1. CT thorax2. Sputum examination for tuberculosis and pneumonia. CT thorax will give you more idea about tuberculosis, pneumonia and lung cancer then chest x-ray. So consult pulmonologist and discuss all these", "Thanks for an elucidated history. This is a classical case of Umbilical Granuloma. If this has appeared for the first time, consult a General Surgeon. On deep inspection he can confirm the diagnosis. If this is small, local cleaning and application of HY Chat Doctor. The larger ones are excised. This is treatable. Only thing to differentiate this from has to be umbilical sinus or a Fistula which is connected to the internal structures" ]

[ " Whoopi Goldberg Caryn Elaine Johnson ( born November 13 , 1955 ) , known professionally as Whoopi Goldberg ( -LSB- ˈwhʊpi -RSB- ) , is an American actress , comedian , author and television host . She has been nominated for 13 Emmy Awards for her work in television and is one of the few entertainers who have won an Emmy Award , a Grammy Award , an Oscar , and a Tony Award . She was the second black woman in the history of the Academy Awards to win an acting Oscar . In the period drama film The Color Purple ( 1985 ) , her breakthrough role was playing Celie , a mistreated black woman in the Deep South , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress . In the romantic fantasy film Ghost ( 1990 ) , Goldberg played Oda Mae Brown , an eccentric psychic who helped a slain man ( Patrick Swayze ) save his lover ( Demi Moore ) , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . In 1992 , she starred as a pretend nun in the comedy Sister Act . From 1998 to 2002 , she was co-producer of the television game show Hollywood Squares . Since 2007 , she has been the moderator of the daytime television talk show The View ." ]

[ " Ally McBeal Ally McBeal is an American legal comedy-drama television series , originally aired on Fox from September 8 , 1997 to May 20 , 2002 . Created by David E. Kelley , the series stars Calista Flockhart in the title role as a young lawyer working in the fictional Boston law firm Cage and Fish , with other young lawyers whose lives and loves were eccentric , humorous and dramatic . The series received critical acclaim in its early seasons , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy in 1997 and 1998 , and also winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1999 .", " The Office (U.S. TV series) The Office is an American television comedy series that aired on NBC from March 24 , 2005 to May 16 , 2013 . It is an adaptation of the BBC series of the same name . The Office was adapted for American audiences by Greg Daniels , a veteran writer for Saturday Night Live , King of the Hill , and The Simpsons . It is co-produced by Daniels ' Deedle-Dee Productions , and Reveille Productions ( later Shine America ) , in association with Universal Television . The original executive producers were Greg Daniels , Howard Klein , Ben Silverman , Ricky Gervais , and Stephen Merchant , with numerous others being promoted in later seasons . The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton , Pennsylvania , branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . To simulate the look of an actual documentary , it is filmed in a single-camera setup , without a studio audience or a laugh track . The show debuted on NBC as a mid-season replacement and ran for nine seasons and 201 episodes . The Office initially featured Steve Carell , Rainn Wilson , John Krasinski , Jenna Fischer and B. J. Novak as the main cast ; the show experienced numerous changes to its ensemble cast during its run . The first season of The Office was met with mixed reviews , but the following four seasons received widespread acclaim from television critics . These seasons were included on several critics ' year-end top TV series lists , winning several awards including four Primetime Emmy Awards , including Outstanding Comedy Series in 2006 . While later seasons were criticized for a decline in quality , earlier writers oversaw the final season and ended the show 's run with a positive reception ." ]

[ "36 first set by Canadian Harry Watson in 1924 and later tied by Vlastimil Bubník of Czechoslovakia, and Valeri Kharlamov of the Soviet Union. Slovakia made the final four for the first time, but lost the bronze medal game to Finland 3–5. In the gold medal game, Canada and the United States ended regulation play with a 2–2 tie, making it only the second Olympic gold medal match to go into overtime. Canadian player Sidney Crosby scored the winning goal 7:40 into overtime play to give Canada its eighth gold medal in men's hockey. The 2014 Winter Olympics were held" ]

[ "States won six. The 1998 Olympic tournament also included teams from Finland, Sweden, China and host Japan. Canada and the United States dominated the round-robin portion. In their head-to-head match, the United States overcame a 4–1 deficit to win 7–4. The two teams met in the final, which the United States won 3–1 to become the third American ice hockey team to win Olympic gold. Finland defeated China 4–1 to win the bronze medal. For the 2002 Winter Olympics, the number of teams was increased to eight with Russia, Germany and Kazakhstan qualifying for the first time. The Canadian and", "of the International Olympic Committee as \"\"Olympic Athletes from Russia\"\", along with other Russian athletes not banned for doping. The following table lists the ranking following the 2018 Winter Olympic qualification tournaments and the 2018 Winter Olympics. Scores in \"\"italics\"\" represent minimum possible scores for unfinished tournaments. All tournament's points have their full value displayed, while the ranking is calculated by adding the current year's tournament points to the depreciated previous three years' tournament points as explained above. The depreciated percentages are shown in the column headings, first for the current total, then for the new total. The \"\"Total\"\" columns" ]

[ "Aphids are phloem feeders that cause large damage globally as pest insects. They induce a variety of responses in the host plant, but not much is known about which responses are promoting or inhibiting aphid performance. Here, we investigated whether one of the responses induced in barley by the cereal aphid, bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) affects aphid performance in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana L. A barley cDNA encoding the protease inhibitor CI2c was expressed in A. thaliana and aphid performance was studied using the generalist green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer). There were no consistent effects on aphid settling or preference or on parameters of life span and long-term fecundity. However, short-term tests with apterous adult aphids showed lower fecundity on three of the transgenic lines, as compared to on control plants. This effect was transient, observed on days 5 to 7, but not later. The results suggest that the protease inhibitor is taken up from the tissue during probing and weakly inhibits fecundity by an unknown mechanism. The study shows that a protease inhibitor induced in barley by an essentially monocot specialist aphid can inhibit a generalist aphid in transgenic Arabidopsis." ]

[ "The bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)) is one of the most detrimental pests of cereals, causing harm mainly by transmitting Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). R. padi migration has been monitored since 1992 using suction traps at five sites in the Czech Republic. The count data were subjected to the following different analyses: (i) the minimum temperature thresholds for the aphids to take off were determined; (ii) a partial redundancy analysis using the minimum, average, and maximum temperatures, as well as the wind speed, the precipitation total, and past aphid migration descriptors was performed to explain the relationship between aphid occurrences and weather patterns; and (iii) three types of models from the field of machine learning were used to predict aphid occurrences. According to our findings, (i) in Central Europe, 8C is the temperature threshold for R. padi migration unless insufficient daylight delays the take-off; (ii) weather conditions occurring roughly 9 months before R. padi migration influence the migration size; (iii) the duration of the summer migration influences the autumn migration size; and (iv) the daytime and nighttime temperatures in the autumn determine the summer peak, whereas winter frosts and precipitation influence the autumn peak.", "BACKGROUND: The aim of present study is to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effects of the oat components other than the -glucan in rats fed with a hypercholesterolemic diet.METHODS: Four-week-old male Wister rats were divided into 6 groups of 7 rats each with similar mean body weights and serum cholesterol concentrations. Rats were fed with the experimental diets containing 10% oats flour for 30 days. Food intake was recorded and monitored everyday to ensure the similar contents of protein, starch, lipid and cellulose in all groups. The lipids levels in serum, liver, and faeces were determined.RESULTS: The plasma total cholesterol concentrations in different oat groups were significantly reduced compared with the control group, and the effects were different among oat groups. The decrease extent of plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations increased with the increase of the proteins and lipids contents. Moreover, liver total cholesterol and cholesterol ester contents were markedly decreased. The fecal bile acids concentrations in the oat groups were significantly increased. Oat proteins had lower Lysine/Arginin (0.59 ~ 0.66) and Methionin/Glycine (0.27 ~ 0.35) ratio than casein (Lysine/Arginin, 2.33; Methionin/Glycine, 1.51). Oat lipids contained higher contents of total Vitamin E and plant sterols than that in soybean oil.CONCLUSION: These results indicated that dietary oat improved hypercholesterolemia by increasing the excretions of fecal bile acids, and this improvement was not only related to -glucan, but also attributed to the lipids and proteins. Oat proteins decreased serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol contents due to their low Lysine/Arginin and Methionin/Glycine ratio. The co-existence of oleic acid, linoleic, vitamin E, or plant sterols accounted for the hypocholesterolemic properties of oat lipids." ]

[ "This study was to investigate the chemical constituents from pseudobulbs of Pleione yunnanensis, one of the source of traditional Chinese medicine \"Shancigu\". The chemical constituents were isolated by various chromatography methods, including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified from the EtOAc fraction of 90% ethanol extract, including five dihydrophenanthrenes, four bibenzyls, two triterpenoids, and three phenylacrylic acids. Their structures were identified on the basis of the spectral data as 4, 7-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (1), 4, 7-dihydroxy-1-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (2), (2,3-trans)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -3-hydroxymethyl-10-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-phenanthro[2,1-b]furan-7-ol (3), pleionesin B (4), blestriarene A (5), batatasin III (6), 3, 3'-dihydroxy-2-(p-hydroxybenzyl) -5-methoxybibenzyl (7), 3', 5-dihydroxy-2-(p-hydroxybenzyl) -3-methoxybibenzyl (8), 3,3'-dihydroxy-2,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl) -5-methoxybibenzyl (9), triphyllol (10), pholidotin (11), (E) -p-hydroxycinnamic acid (12), (E)-ferulic acid (13), and (E)-ferulic acid hexacosyl ester (14). Compounds 5,10-14 were separated from this plant for the first time." ]

[ "Our work reveals that the aerial parts of Pulmonaria officinalis L. are a new source of yunnaneic acid B. We studied antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of this compound (1-50 g/mL) and its contents in various plant extracts. This is the first study confirming the presence of yunnaneic acid B in P. officinalis L. and Pulmonaria obscura Dumort and hence in the Boraginaceae family. Determination of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical reduction and peroxynitrite-scavenging efficacy in inorganic experimental systems provided EC50 values of 7.14 and 50.45 g/mL, respectively. Then we examined the antioxidant action of yunnaneic acid B in blood plasma under peroxynitrite-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Yunnaneic acid B effectively diminished oxidative damage to blood plasma proteins and lipids. Furthermore, it was able to prevent the peroxynitrite-induced decrease in nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity of blood plasma. Additionally, cytotoxicity of yunnaneic acid B (at concentrations ?50 g/mL) toward peripheral blood mononuclear cells was excluded.", "Four meroterpenoids, applanatumols F (1), H (3), I (2), and lingzhiol (4) were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense. Their structures were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic analyses, optical rotatory dispersion data, ECD spectra, and X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1, 2, 4 existed as racemic mixtures ((+) 1a, 2a, 4a; (-) 1b, 2b, 4b), while 3 as a single enantiomer. Base on the seperated enantiomers, we sought to explicit possible effects of compounds 1-4 on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell death and to determine their underlying molecular mechanisms in human normal liver LO2 cells. Among them, compound 2a treatment effectively protected LO2 cells against H2O2-induced cell damage and apoptosis. H2O2 exposure increased ROS, which was inhibited by 2a treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, nuclear fragments, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage were also arrested by 2a. Further, increased levels of Nrf2, HO-1, phosphorylation Akt and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes were detected in 2a treated cells, indicating that the anti-oxidative effects of 2a might protect LO2 cells against oxidative damage via PI3K/Akt-mediated activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. In addition, compound 2a showed potential protective role of cardiomyocyte from ischemia/reperfusion injury, and pretreatment with 2a could decrease CK and LDH levels and increase GSH level." ]

[ "That equates to roughly $12,800 - $14,970 per child per year for a two-parent family with a median annual income between $61,530 and $106,540. The annual cost can vary based on factors like the child's age, the number of children in the family and the family's income and location.ack then, a middle-income family could have expected to spend $25,230 ($198,560 in 2013 dollars) to raise a child until the age of 18, according to the new report, which also notes that [h]ealth care expenses for a child have doubled as a percentage of total child-rearing costs during that time.." ]

[ "29 The average cost of infant care in a center increased by about 0.9 percent, while the average cost of infant care in a family child care home increased 1.9 percent. The average cost of child care is high for all types of care.p to 80 percent of child care business expenses are for payroll and payroll-related expenditures. 23 However, child care is one of the lowest paying professions nationally. The average income for a full-time child care professional in 2013 was $21,490, a decrease of $131 from 2012 when adjusted for inflation.", "The price of Christmas: £112.50 per child. Parents will spend an average of £112.50 on Christmas presents for each of their children, a straw poll has found. A new straw poll suggests that parents will spend an average of £112.50 per child this year Photo: ALAMY." ]

[ "French Meaning: The name Jacqueline is a French baby name. In French the meaning of the name Jacqueline is: Supplanter. He grasps the heel. French form of Jacob.Supplanter.Introduced into Britain in the 13th century.American Meaning: The name Jacqueline is an American baby name.rench Meaning: The name Jacqueline is a French baby name. In French the meaning of the name Jacqueline is: Supplanter. He grasps the heel. French form of Jacob.Supplanter. Introduced into Britain in the 13th century." ]

[ "Etymology & Historical Origin-Jacqueline. The name Jacqueline is a quintessential French female name. It’s the feminized version of the French male name Jacques which corresponds to the anglicized James from the Latin Jacob from the Hebrew Yaakov.The origin of Yaakov/Jacob comes from the Old Testament and is borne by the younger twin son to Isaac and Rebecca.tymology & Historical Origin-Jacqueline. The name Jacqueline is a quintessential French female name. It’s the feminized version of the French male name Jacques which corresponds to the anglicized James from the Latin Jacob from the Hebrew Yaakov.", "It is more often used as a girl (female) name. People having the name Jacqueline are in general originating from Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America.For another variant of the name Jacqueline across the world, see Jacques.opularity of the Name. The name Jacqueline is ranked on the 238th position of the most used names. It means that this name is very frequently used. We estimate that there are at least 2487600 persons in the world having this name which is around 0.035% of the population." ]

[ "A man is walking down a street" ]

[ "The man is on a boat" ]

[ "A man is wearing a helmet." ]

[ "A man is sitting in front of a machine." ]

[ "Aims: Main pulmonary artery (MPA) stiffness and abnormal flow haemodynamics in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are strongly associated with elevated right ventricular (RV) afterload and associated with disease severity and poor clinical outcomes in adults with PAH. However, the long-term effects of MPA stiffness on RV function in children with PAH remain poorly understood. This study is the first comprehensive evaluation of MPA stiffness in children with PAH, delineating the mechanistic relationship between flow haemodynamics and MPA stiffness as well as the prognostic ability of these measures regarding clinical outcomes.Methods and results: Fifty-six children diagnosed with PAH underwent baseline cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) acquisition and were compared with 23 control subjects. MPA stiffness and wall shear stress (WSS) were evaluated using phase contrast CMR and were evaluated for prognostic potential along with standard RV volumetric and functional indices. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was significantly increased (2.8 m/s vs. 1.4 m/s, P < 0.0001) and relative area change (RAC) was decreased (25% vs. 37%, P < 0.0001) in the PAH group, correlating with metrics of RV performance. Decreased WSS was associated with a decrease in RAC over time (r = 0.679, P < 0.001). For each unit increase in PWV, there was approximately a 3.2-fold increase in having a moderate clinical event.Conclusion: MPA stiffness assessed by non-invasive CMR was increased in children with PAH and correlated with RV performance, suggesting that MPA stiffness is a major contribution to RV dysfunction. PWV is predictive of moderate clinical outcomes, and may be a useful prognostic marker of disease activity in children with PAH." ]

[ "PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can estimate liver stiffness (LS) noninvasively. We prospectively assessed whether motion-encoding gradient (MEG) direction, slice position, or high-caloric food intake affects the repeatability of MRE measurements of LS.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers (8 women, 12 men; age, 48  12 years) were imaged in a 3.0T scanner at four timepoints: twice after overnight fasting (B1 , B2 ) and twice after consuming a 1050-calorie standardized meal (A1 , A2 ; after 30 and 60 min, respectively). Each session comprised sequential MRE acquisitions in which MEG was applied in three orthogonal directions with three slices positioned over the liver for each. Between sessions, the participants were repositioned to assess test-retest reproducibility.RESULTS: The LS measurements before/after food intake were 3.36  1.31 kPa/3.22  1.03 kPa, 2.04  0.33 kPa/2.27  0.38 kPa, and 2.47  0.50 kPa/2.64  0.76 kPa for MEG superimposed along the anterior-posterior (AP), foot-head (FH), and right-left (RL) directions, respectively. Before and after food intake, LS estimates were lower and more reproducible (<10% coefficient of variation) when the MEG was in the FH direction, not the AP or RL direction. Liver stiffness estimates were significantly elevated after meal consumption when the MEG was in the FH direction (P < 0.05 for B1 vs. A1 , B1 vs. A2 , B2 vs. A1 , and B2 vs. A2 ).CONCLUSION: MRE estimates of LS were highly reproducible, particularly when MEG was applied in the FH direction, suggesting that this method could be used for long-term monitoring of antifibrotic therapy without repeated biopsies. High-caloric food intake resulted in slightly elevated LS on MRE.", "Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has been used to estimate isotropic myocardial stiffness. However, anisotropic stiffness estimates may give insight into structural changes that occur in the myocardium as a result of pathologies such as diastolic heart failure. The virtual fields method (VFM) has been proposed for estimating material stiffness from image data. This study applied the optimised VFM to identify transversely isotropic material properties from both simulated harmonic displacements in a left ventricular (LV) model with a fibre field measured from histology as well as isotropic phantom MRE data. Two material model formulations were implemented, estimating either 3 or 5 material properties. The 3-parameter formulation writes the transversely isotropic constitutive relation in a way that dissociates the bulk modulus from other parameters. Accurate identification of transversely isotropic material properties in the LV model was shown to be dependent on the loading condition applied, amount of Gaussian noise in the signal, and frequency of excitation. Parameter sensitivity values showed that shear moduli are less sensitive to noise than the other parameters. This preliminary investigation showed the feasibility and limitations of using the VFM to identify transversely isotropic material properties from MRE images of a phantom as well as simulated harmonic displacements in an LV geometry." ]

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[ "Excellent Credit Score Range Excellent Credit Score Range When anybody mentions loans, one inevitably thinks about credit score ranges. Here, I talk about what is known to be the ideal or excellent credit score range to have, which can ensure credit availability with ease. One thing that really matters when getting a loan application sanctioned, is an individual's credit score. While the number is not the ultimate arbitrating factor, it surely influences the lender's decisions a lot. If you are thinking about what could be classified as an excellent credit score range, then this write-up will be a helpful read. Here I'll explain what is a credit score and specify the range of scores that are generally classified to be 'excellent', in the sense that they ensure a loan sanction at low interest rates. Remember, that it is a major factor when banks consider your loan proposal, but it's not the only one. Financial institutions will consider your current financial condition and scrutinize your ' payback ' potential too, before coming to a decision. So all hope is not lost, if you have a less than perfect credit score. You only need to work harder. Credit Scores: A Measure of Creditworthiness If one tries to gauge what goes on in a lender's or lending bank official's mind, when evaluating a loan proposal, one realizes that it's all about how much he can trust you, the borrower. You have a need for liquidity and they are willing to offer you a loan and earn interest off it. What they need to guarantee is that you will pay them back on time. To ascertain your creditworthiness, in the past, a lender would have run an exhaustive financial background check on you and assessed your current fiscal health. They may do that anyway, even today, but now they have an instrument for accurate analysis, in the form of the credit scoring system. Today, a lender can assess you better, through a review of your current credit rating, which is a scientific measurement of your creditworthiness. A credit score is calculated using your past credit repayment history. In USA, the most widely used credit scoring system is the FICO system, calculated using the Fair Isaac company's statistical algorithm. The credit record of every individual in the USA is collected by three credit bureaus, consisting of Transunion, Equifax and Experian. So, in effect, every individual has three simultaneous scores generated for him. Though Transunion and Equifax scoring range is the same (both extend from 300 to 850), the actual scores may differ a little bit. A credit score rating scale can tell you how favorably your loan application will be considered, depending on what your score is. An alternative to the FICO score, used by some institutions is the Vantage Score, which has a scoring range extending from 501 to 990. Credit Score Calculation: Factors That Influence Repayment history, outstanding balance on credit cards and money owed, total credit history length, as well as amount of new credit availed are some of the determinants of your credit score. So if your score falls in the excellent range, it means that you have a clean credit repayment history, less of outstanding balance and possess a long credit history. What Constitutes an Excellent Score? What is perceived as a good or excellent score is a subjective matter. However, a score above 730 is generally considered to be a good credit score. Anything in the range of 670 to 700 is a good score. You are the apple of a lender's eye if your score falls in the range extending from 730 to 850. You can surely expect a royal treatment from lenders and a low interest rate! In case your lender's using the Vantage Score system, an excellent score would be anything in the range of 900 to 990. In conclusion, a person with an excellent score can easily get loans sanctioned because of his past positive fiscal karma. You need to know how to raise your credit score, if you want to take your score beyond the magic number of 730. A consistent positive handling of your finances will ensure that your score and creditworthiness are always on the rise. Credit Score Rating Scale What is a Good Credit Score? Free Credit Score - No Credit Card Needed Credit Score Ranges and What They Mean Average Credit Score Unique Ideas for Fundraising Activities Best Way to Invest Money: Short Term Investments Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Banking Services" ]

[ "Both asthma and obstructive sleep apnoea cause sleep disturbance, daytime sleepiness and diminished quality of life. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is efficient in reducing symptoms related to sleep apnoea. Here we report the impact of long-term use of CPAP on asthma symptoms. A survey questionnaire was distributed to all of our obstructive sleep apnoea patients with CPAP therapy in 2013. We used the Finnish version of the Asthma Control Test™ (ACT) and a visual analogue scale (0 = no symptoms, 100 = severe asthma symptoms). Asthma was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed disease and a special reimbursement for asthma medication by the Social Insurance Institution. We sent 2577 questionnaires and received 1586 answers (61 %). One hundred ninety-seven patients were asthmatics with a prevalence of asthma among CPAP users of 13 %. We studied 152 patients (58 females) whose CPAP therapy was initiated after starting asthma medication. Their mean (SD) age was 62 (10) years, duration of CPAP 5.7 (4.7) years and their CPAP daily use was 6.3 (2.4) h. Self-reported asthma severity decreased significantly from 48.3 (29.6) to 33.1 (27.4) (p < 0.001), and ACT score increased significantly from 15.35 (5.3) to 19.8 (4.6) (p < 0.001) without a significant change in the body mass index (BMI). The percentage of patients using rescue medication daily reduced from 36 to 8 % with CPAP (P < 0.001)" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Asthma is characterized by hyperresponsiveness of the airways, and exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is a symptom that limits a large proportion of asthmatic patients, especially children. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) leads to a reduction in the reactivity of the airways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of outpatient treatment with CPAP and bilevel pressure combined with respiratory physical therapy for children and adolescents with asthma following bronchial hyperresponsiveness caused by an exercise bronchoprovocation test.METHODS: A randomized, controlled, blind, clinical trial was conducted involving 68 asthmatic children and adolescents aged 4 to 16 years divided into three groups: G1, treated with bilevel pressure (inspiratory positive airway pressure: 12 cm H2O; expiratory positive airway pressure: 8 cm H2O), G2, treated with CPAP (8 cm H2O) and G3, treated with respiratory muscle training (RMT), considered as the control group. All groups were treated at an outpatient clinic and submitted to 10 1-hour sessions, each of which also included respiratory exercises. Evaluations were performed before and after treatment and involved spirometry, an exercise bronchoprovocation test, respiratory pressures, fraction of nitric oxide (FeNO), the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ6) and anthropometric variables. This study received approval from the local ethics committee (certificate number: 1487225/2016) and is registered with ClinicalTrials [ ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02939625].RESULTS: A total of 64 patients concluded the protocol; the mean age of the patients was 10 years. All were in the ideal weight range and had adequate height ( z score: -2 to +2). The three groups demonstrated improved asthma control after the treatments, going from partial to complete control. A significant increase in maximal inspiratory pressure occurred in the three groups, with the greatest increase in the RMT group. A reduction in FeNO in the order of 17.4 parts per billion (effect size: 2.43) and a reduction in bronchial responsiveness on the exercise bronchoprovocation test occurred in the bilevel group. An improvement in FeNO on the order of 15.7 parts per billion (effect size: 2.46) and a reduction in bronchial responsiveness occurred in the CPAP group. No changes in lung function or responsiveness occurred in the RMT group.CONCLUSION: Positive pressure and respiratory exercises were effective in reducing pulmonary inflammation, exercise-innduced bronchoespasm (EIB), and increased the clinical control of asthma, as well as RMT, which also resulted in improved clinical control.", "Previous reports show that addition of omalizumab to standard therapy reduces asthma exacerbations and simultaneously decreases use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and rescue medication in patients with allergic asthma. To determine the effect of omalizumab on long-term disease control in patients with severe allergic asthma. The present study concerns the 24-week, double-blind extension phase to a previous 28-week core study in which patients received subcutaneous omalizumab or matching placebo (at least 0.016 mg/kg/IgE [IU/mL] every 4 weeks) for 16 weeks in addition to their existing ICS therapy (beclomethasone dipropionate [BDP]; steroid-stable phase), followed by a 12-week phase in which controlled attempts were made to gradually reduce ICS therapy (steroid-reduction phase). During the extension phase patients were maintained on randomized treatment (omalizumab or placebo) and the lowest sustainable dose of BDP. The use of other asthma medications was permitted during the extension phase. Investigators were also allowed to switch patients from BDP to other ICS medications if considered necessary" ]

[ "Aberrant CpG island hypermethylation is a feature of a subgroup of colorectal cancers, which can be detected in the serum of affected patients. This study was designed to identify methylation targets with prognostic significance in the serum of patients with colorectal cancer. In a gene evaluation set consisting of sera from 24 patients with local colorectal cancers, 14 with metastasized disease, and 20 healthy controls, the genes HPP1/TPEF, HLTF, and hMLH1 were identified as potential serum DNA methylation markers. These genes were further analyzed in a test set of sera of 104 patients with colorectal cancer. Methylation of HLTF, HPP1/TPEF, and hMLH1 was found to be significantly correlated with tumor size, and methylation of HLTF and HPP1/TPEF was significantly associated with metastatic disease and tumor stage. Moreover, methylation of HPP1/TPEF was also associated with serum carcinoembryonic antigen. The prognostic relevance of methylation of these genes was tested in pretherapeutic sera of 77 patients with known follow-up. Patients with methylation of HPP1/TPEF or HLTF were found to have unfavorable prognosis (P = 0.001 and 0.008). In contrast, serum methylation of hMLH1 was not associated with a higher risk of death. Multivariate analysis showed methylated HPP1 and/or HLTF serum DNA to be independently associated with poor outcome and a relative risk of death of 3.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-8.1; P = 0.007)" ]

[ "Although genomic instability, epigenetic abnormality, and gene expression dysregulation are hallmarks of colorectal cancer, these features have not been simultaneously analyzed at single-cell resolution. Using optimized single-cell multiomics sequencing together with multiregional sampling of the primary tumor and lymphatic and distant metastases, we developed insights beyond intratumoral heterogeneity. Genome-wide DNA methylation levels were relatively consistent within a single genetic sublineage. The genome-wide DNA demethylation patterns of cancer cells were consistent in all 10 patients whose DNA we sequenced. The cancer cells' DNA demethylation degrees clearly correlated with the densities of the heterochromatin-associated histone modification H3K9me3 of normal tissue and those of repetitive element long interspersed nuclear element 1. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of reconstructing genetic lineages and tracing their epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamics with single-cell multiomics sequencing.", "Aberrant DNA methylation is a distinguishing feature of cancer. Yet, how methylation affects immune surveillance and tumor metastasis remains ambiguous. We introduce a novel method, Guide Positioning Sequencing (GPS), for precisely detecting whole-genome DNA methylation with cytosine coverage as high as 96% and unbiased coverage of GC-rich and repetitive regions. Systematic comparisons of GPS with whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) found that methylation difference between gene body and promoter is an effective predictor of gene expression with a correlation coefficient of 0.67 (GPS) versus 0.33 (WGBS). Moreover, Methylation Boundary Shift (MBS) in promoters or enhancers is capable of modulating expression of genes associated with immunity and tumor metabolism. Furthermore, aberrant DNA methylation results in tissue-specific enhancer switching, which is responsible for altering cell identity during liver cancer development. Altogether, we demonstrate that GPS is a powerful tool with improved accuracy and efficiency over WGBS in simultaneously detecting genome-wide DNA methylation and genomic variation. Using GPS, we show that aberrant DNA methylation is associated with altering cell identity and immune surveillance networks, which may contribute to tumorigenesis and metastasis." ]

[ "Driving distance from Cincinnati, OH to Memphis, TN. The total driving distance from Cincinnati, OH to Memphis, TN is 489 miles or 787 kilometers. Your trip begins in Cincinnati, Ohio. It ends in Memphis, Tennessee." ]

[ "Distance from Cincinnati, OH to Nashville, TN. There are miles from Cincinnati to Nashville and miles by car. Cincinnati and Nashville are far apart (by car). This is the best Cincinnati, OH-Nashville, TN route.", "Driving distance from Knoxville, TN to Cincinnati, OH. The total driving distance from Knoxville, TN to Cincinnati, OH is 258 miles or 415 kilometers. Your trip begins in Knoxville, Tennessee." ]

[ "Grand Slam (rugby union) In rugby union, a Grand Slam (Irish: \"\"Caithréim Mhór\"\". Welsh: \"\"Y Gamp Lawn\"\". French: \"\"Grand Chelem\"\") occurs when one team in the Six Nations Championship (or its Five Nations predecessor) manages to beat all the others during one year's competition. This has been achieved 39 times in total, for the first time by Wales in 1908, and most recently by Ireland in 2018. The team to have won the most Grand Slams is England with 13. In another context, a Grand Slam tour refers to a touring side – South Africa, Australia or New Zealand –" ]

[ "France for the first time, beating them 19–8. This was Ireland's biggest victory in international rugby at that time, their highest points tally and a record five tries. 30 November 1912 was the first time the Springboks met Ireland at Lansdowne Road, the 1906 tour game having been played at Ravenhill. Ireland with seven new caps were overwhelmed by a record margin of 38–0, still a record loss to South Africa who scored 10 tries. In 1926, Ireland went into their final Five Nations match unbeaten and with the Grand Slam at stake lost to Wales in Swansea. Ireland again", "Ireland's Call\"\" is exclusively used. At the 2011 Rugby World Cup and 2015 Rugby World Cup, the Ireland team entered the field of play at the beginning of their matches with the Irish tricolour and the Flag of Ulster, to which the six Irish counties in Northern Ireland belong. The traditional home of Irish rugby is Lansdowne Road in Dublin, where most of Ireland's home matches were held. The stadium was rebuilt between 2007 and 2010. Naming rights were sold to an insurance company, and the venue is now referred to as the Aviva Stadium. The original stadium, owned by" ]

[ "The men are showing something." ]

[ "The two men are playing the guitar." ]

[ "is the scraffito technique, the matka pot is polished and painted with red and white slips along with intricate patterns. The third is polished pottery, this type of pottery is strong and deeply incised, and has stylized patterns of arabesques. Glaxed Pottery era of pottery began in the 12th century AD. This type of pottery contains a white background and has blue and green patterns. Glazed pottery is only practiced in selected regions of the country. Terracotta is the term used for unglazed earthenware, and for ceramic sculpture made in it. Indian sculpture made heavy use of terracotta from a", "Indian designs, dating back to the Sultanate period, has been found in Gujarat and Maharashtra. Current era Blue Pottery of Jaipur is widely recognized as a traditional craft of Jaipur, though it is Turko-Persian in origin. Over time India's simple style of molding clay went into an evolution. A number of distinct styles emerged from this simple style. Some of the most popular forms of pottery include unglazed pottery, glazed pottery, terracotta, and papier-mache. Unglazed pottery, the oldest form of pottery practiced in India, is of three types. First is paper thin pottery, biscuit-colored pottery decorated with incised patterns. Next" ]

[ "eventually learned to make, and from the 18th century European porcelain and other wares from a great number of producers became extremely popular. Early Islamic pottery followed the forms of the regions which the Muslims conquered. Eventually, however, there was cross-fertilization between the regions. This was most notable in the Chinese influences on Islamic pottery. Trade between China and Islam took place via the system of trading posts over the lengthy Silk Road. Islamic nations imported stoneware and later porcelain from China. China imported the minerals for Cobalt blue from the Islamic ruled Persia to decorate their blue and white", "Mahendragarh district of Haryana. The culture reached the Gangetic plain in the early 2nd millennium. Recently, the Archaeological Survey of India discovered copper axes and some pieces of pottery in its excavation at the Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The Ochre Coloured Pottery culture has the potential to be called a proper civilisation (e.g., the North Indian Ochre civilisation) like the Harrapan civilisation, but is termed only as a culture pending further discoveries. The term \"\"copper hoards\"\" refers to different assemblages of copper-based artefacts in the northern areas of the Indian Subcontinent that are believed to date from the 2nd" ]

[ "AIMS: To investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the Nurse-Driven Diabetes In-Hospital Treatment protocol (N-DIABIT), which consists of nurse-driven correctional therapy, in addition to physician-guided basal therapy, and is carried out by trained ward nurses.METHODS: Data on 210 patients with diabetes consecutively admitted in the 5-month period after the introduction of N-DIABIT (intervention group) were compared with the retrospectively collected data on 200 consecutive patients with diabetes admitted in the 5-month period before N-DIABIT was introduced (control group). Additional per-protocol analyses were performed in patients in whom mean patient-based protocol adherence was ? 70% (intervention subgroup, n = 173 vs. control subgroup, n = 196).RESULTS: There was no difference between the intervention and the control group in mean blood glucose levels (8.9 0.1 and 9.1 0.2 mmol/l, respectively; P = 0.38), consecutive hyperglycaemic (blood glucose ? 10.0 mmol/l) episodes; P = 0.15), admission duration (P = 0.79), mean number of blood glucose measurements (P = 0.21) and incidence of severe hypoglycaemia (P = 0.29). Per-protocol analyses showed significant reductions in mean blood glucose levels and consecutive hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia in the intervention compared with the control group.CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of N-DIABIT by trained ward nurses in non-intensive care unit diabetes care is feasible, safe and non-inferior to physician-driven care alone. High protocol adherence was associated with improved glycaemic control." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation of a quality improvement (QI) project that aimed at improving and standardizing glucose checks on patients with diabetes undergoing hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) therapy.METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study. Following the Model for Improvement, nurses and physicians ran several Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles over a four-month period, with multiple iteration and testing changes. They developed and implemented a nurse-led protocol that was tested prospectively.RESULTS: Compared to the pre-protocol baseline (N = 332), glucose checks per session guided by the protocol decreased by 37.7% (2.84 vs. 1.77 per session, P?0.001). Compliance with the new protocol was higher than compliance with the existing protocol (97.3% to 84.2%, P?0.001). There were no cases of a symptomatic hypoglycemic event after the implementation of the protocol.CONCLUSIONS: A quality improvement project implemented by a multidisciplinary team in a hyperbaric practice was feasible and has improved the management of diabetic patients undergoing HBO₂ therapy. Considering how the hyperbaric community values the culture of safety and considering the feasibility of this project, more QI training and projects in hyperbaric programs should be performed.", "BACKGROUND: Several trials have demonstrated the efficacy of nurse telephone case management for diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN) in academic or vertically integrated systems. Little is known about the real-world potency of these interventions.OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of nurse behavioral management of DM and HTN in community practices among patients with both diseases.DESIGN: The study was designed as a patient-level randomized controlled trial.PARTICIPANTS: Participants included adult patients with both type 2 DM and HTN who were receiving care at one of nine community fee-for-service practices. Subjects were required to have inadequately controlled DM (hemoglobin A1c [A1c] ? 7.5%) but could have well-controlled HTN.INTERVENTIONS: All patients received a call from a nurse experienced in DM and HTN management once every two months over a period of two years, for a total of 12 calls. Intervention patients received tailored DM- and HTN- focused behavioral content; control patients received non-tailored, non-interactive information regarding health issues unrelated to DM and HTN (e.g., skin cancer prevention).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and A1c were co-primary outcomes, measured at 6, 12, and 24 months; 24 months was the primary time point.RESULTS: Three hundred seventy-seven subjects were enrolled; 193 were randomized to intervention, 184 to control. Subjects were 55% female and 50% white; the mean baseline A1c was 9.1% (SD = 1%) and mean SBP was 142 mmHg (SD = 20). Eighty-two percent of scheduled interviews were conducted; 69% of intervention patients and 70% of control patients reached the 24-month time point. Expressing model estimated differences as (intervention--control), at 24 months, intervention patients had similar A1c [diff = 0.1 %, 95 % CI (-0.3, 0.5), p = 0.51] and SBP [diff = -0.9 mmHg, 95% CI (-5.4, 3.5), p = 0.68] values compared to control patients. Likewise, DBP (diff = 0.4 mmHg, p = 0.76), weight (diff = 0.3 kg, p = 0.80), and physical activity levels (diff = 153 MET-min/week, p = 0.41) were similar between control and intervention patients. Results were also similar at the 6- and 12-month time points.CONCLUSIONS: In nine community fee-for-service practices, telephonic nurse case management did not lead to improvement in A1c or SBP. Gains seen in telephonic behavioral self-management interventions in optimal settings may not translate to the wider range of primary care settings." ]

[ "Allicin is an oxygenated carotenoid derivative that exhibits strong antioxidant activity, which effectively removes reactive oxygen species from the body and has important roles in disease prevention and treatment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether allicin attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced acute lung injury (ALI) in neonatal rats and the potential underlying mechanisms. An LPS‑induced ALI neonatal rat model was utilized to assess the therapeutic value and mechanisms of allicin. Following allicin treatment, increases in lung wet/dry ratio and the lung protein concentration were significantly suppressed in LPS‑induced ALI neonatal rats. Furthermore, ELISA results demonstrated that allicin significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor‑ and interleukin‑6, and increased superoxide dismutase activity, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of LPS‑treated rats. Additionally, allicin administration increased the protein expression of Bcl‑2 and reduced the activity of caspase‑3/-9, as determined by western blotting or ELISA, respectively, and increased phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated‑Akt protein levels, in LPS‑treated ALI neonatal rats. The results of the present study indicate that allicin attenuate LPS‑induced ALI in neonatal rats by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Allicin may be used for development of a novel drug for treatment of ALI." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To explore the protective effect and underlying mechanism of allicin (ALC) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MI/R) injury in rats.METHODS: The model of MI/R injury in rats was induced by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (n= 10): sham group, MI/R injury group, and ALC precondition group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the expression of cardiac troponin I, CK-MB, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-, and interleukin-8 in the rats' serum. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the myocardial pathologic morphology. A physiological recorder was used to measure cardiac systolic and diastolic function. Western blot analysis was used for detecting the expression of p38 and p-p38 in myocardium. The content of malondialdehyde and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in myocardium were examined by automatic analysis with the thiobarbituric acid chromogenic and dinitrobenzoic acid methods, respectively.RESULTS: ALC can significantly decrease the expression of cardiac troponin I, CK-MB, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-, and interleukin-8 in the serum and reduce the myocardial pathologic injury and the expression of malondialdehyde and p-p38 in myocardial tissue. Moreover, ALC can upregulate the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and improve myocardial systolic and diastolic function with no influence on the expression of p38.CONCLUSION: ALC can protect rats against MI/R injury by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. The mechanism is associated with alleviating the activation of p38 signaling.", "OBJECTIVE: Cardiac microvascular damage is significantly associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy (CH). Researchers found that allicin could inhibit CH, but the relationship between cardiac microvessel and the inhibition of allicin on CH has not been reported. We aimed to investigate the effect of allicin on the function of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) in CH rat.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hemodynamic parameters were measured by BL-420F biological function experimental system and the indicators of the ventricular structure and function were measured by echocardiographic system. MTT assay was performed to assess the cell viability. Nitrite detection was performed to detect nitric oxide content. The morphology and molecular characteristics were detected by electron micrographs, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot. Wound healing experiment, analysis of tube formation and shear adaptation were performed to assess CMECs migration ability, angiogenesis and shear-responsiveness respectively.RESULT: Our findings have identified that microvascular density was decreased by observing the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in CH rats. Interestingly, allicin improved the distribution and expression of PECAM-1. Meanwhile, allicin enhanced the migration and angiogenesis ability of CMECs, activated PECAM-1-PI3K-AKT-eNOS signaling pathway, however, the role of allicin was disappear after PECAM-1 was silenced. Allicin decreased the expression of caspase-3 and receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3), inhibited necroptosis, and increased the levels of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor- (PDGFR-). Under 10 dyn/cm2 condition, allicin advanced the modification ability of CMECs's shear-adaptation by activating PECAM-1.CONCLUSION: Allicin provided cardioprotection for CH rats by improving the function of CMECs through increasing the expression of PECAM-1." ]

[ "There was no blood in sight." ]

[ "There was blood everywhere." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The public increasingly uses social media not only to look for information about emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), but also to share opinions, emotions, and coping strategies. Identifying the frames used in social media discussion about EIDs will allow public health agencies to assess public opinions and sentiments. METHOD: This study examined how the public discussed measles during the measles outbreak in the United States during early 2015 that originated in Disneyland Park in Anaheim, CA, through a semantic network analysis of the content of around 1 million tweets using KH coder. RESULTS: Four frames were identified based on word frequencies and co-occurrence: news update, public health, vaccination, and political. The prominence of each individual frame changed over the corse of the pre-crisis, initial, maintenance, and resolution stages of the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: This study proposed and tested a method for assessing the frames used in social media discussions about EIDs based on the creation, interpretation, and quantification of semantic networks. Public health agencies could use social media outlets, such as Twitter, to assess how the public makes sense of an EID outbreak and to create adaptive messages in communicating with the public during different stages of the crisis." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Measles cases continue to occur despite its elimination status in the United States. To control transmission, public health officials confirm the measles diagnosis, identify close contacts of infectious cases, deliver public health interventions (i.e., post-exposure prophylaxis) among those who are eligible, and follow-up with the close contacts to determine overall health outcomes. A stochastic network simulation of measles contact tracing was conducted using existing agent-based modeling software and a synthetic population with high levels of immunity in order to estimate the impact of different interventions in controlling measles transmission. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The synthetic population was created to simulate California`s population in terms of population demographics, household, workplace, school, and neighborhood characteristics using California Department of Finance 2010 census data. Parameters for the model were obtained from a review of the literature, California measles case surveillance data, and expert opinion. Eight different scenarios defined by the use of three different public health interventions were evaluated: (a) post-exposure measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, (b) post-exposure immune globulin (IG), and (c) voluntary isolation and home quarantine in the presence or absence of public health response delays. Voluntary isolation and home quarantine coupled with one or two other interventions had the greatest reduction in the number of secondary cases infected by the index case and the probability of escape situations (i.e., the outbreak continues after 90 days). CONCLUSIONS: Interrupting contact patterns via voluntary isolation and home quarantine are particularly important in reducing the number of secondary cases infected by the index case and the probability of uncontrolled outbreaks.", "Measles virus is directly responsible for more than 100,000 deaths yearly. Epidemiological studies have associated measles with increased morbidity and mortality for years after infection, but the reasons why are poorly understood. Measles virus infects immune cells, causing acute immune suppression. To identify and quantify long-term effects of measles on the immune system, we used VirScan, an assay that tracks antibodies to thousands of pathogen epitopes in blood. We studied 77 unvaccinated children before and 2 months after natural measles virus infection. Measles caused elimination of 11 to 73% of the antibody repertoire across individuals. Recovery of antibodies was detected after natural reexposure to pathogens. Notably, these immune system effects were not observed in infants vaccinated against MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella), but were confirmed in measles-infected macaques. The reduction in humoral immune memory after measles infection generates potential vulnerability to future infections, underscoring the need for widespread vaccination." ]

[ "Quantum Biofeedback is a device used by health practitioners to assist in finding energetic stresses occurring in humans and animals.The function of Quantum Biofeedback is similar to that of a virus scan on a computer.It finds the energetic imbalances of the stressors such as viruses, nutritional imbalances, allergies, and food sensitivities by calculating the biological reactivity and resonance in the body.uantum Biofeedback is a device used by health practitioners to assist in finding energetic stresses occurring in humans and animals." ]

[ "Gain valuable work experience as a biofeedback technician by helping your fellow UCR students learn relaxation techniques in a clinical counseling setting. Biofeedback is the use of sensors to gather information on psychophysiological processes within the body related to stress and anxiety, such as skin temperature and heart rate.", "Biofeedback. 1 Biofeedback involves placing sensors on the skin and viewing what is happening in the body on a computer screen. The Biofeedback clinician coaches the client on how to make changes toward greater health and wellness." ]

[ "Orphan Black is a Canadian science fiction television series. It was created by screenwriter Graeme Manson and director John Fawcett. Orphan Black stars Tatiana Maslany as several identical people who turn out to be clones. The main character in the series is Sarah Manning." ]

[ "In Gray's comic, Annie, an orphan, was taken in by Oliver Sugar Daddy Warbucks, a wildly successful capitalist, munitions salesman and wartime profiteer of almost unlimited wealth and influence. Kind of like Lex Luther meets Mr. Richard Rich, but with Destro's cool backpack. Shirley Temple on Annie. Little Orphan Annie , created by cartoonist and plutocrat Harold Gray, was a comic strip that first appeared on August 5, 1924.", "Orphan Black. When Sarah witnesses the suicide of a woman who looks just like her, she assumes the deceased's identity -- and unlocks a world of secrets.hen Sarah witnesses the suicide of a woman who looks just like her, she assumes the deceased's identity -- and unlocks a world of secrets." ]

[ " The company announced that DirectX 12 is finally making the jump from Windows 10 to Windows 7, but in a very limited manner. Working with game studio Blizzard, Microsoft is now bringing DirectX 12 support for World of Warcraft to Windows 7 users." ]

[ " OS: Windows 7 64-Bit (32-bit not supported) Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo e6400 or AMD Athlon x64 4000+ (~2.2Ghz dual core CPU) Memory: 4 GB System RAM. Graphics: DirectX 10+ compatible video card.", " We have tested Microsoft Flight Simulator X: Steam Edition on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10- both 32 bit and 64 bit and can confirm running the software under all of these operating systems without need for workarounds." ]

[ "We sought to examine whether a quality improvement (QI) program for depression care is effective for both men and women and whether their responses differed. We instituted a group-level, randomized, controlled trial in 46 primary care practices within 6 managed care organizations. Clinics were randomized to usual care or to 1 of 2 QI programs that supported QI teams, provider training, nurse assessment and patient education, and resources to support medication management (QI-Meds) or psychotherapy (QI-Therapy). There were 1299 primary care patients who screened positive for depression and completed at least one questionnaire during the course of 24 months. Outcomes were probable depression, mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL), work status, use of any antidepressant or psychotherapy, and probable unmet need, which was defined as having probable depression but not receiving probable appropriate care. Women were more likely to receive depression care than men over time, regardless of intervention status. The effect of QI-Meds on probable unmet need was delayed for men, and the magnitude of the effect was significantly greater for men than for women; therefore, this intervention reduced differences in probable unmet need between men and women. QI reduced the likelihood of probable depression equally for men and women. QI-Therapy had a greater impact on mental HRQOL and work status for men than for women. QI-Meds improved these outcomes for women" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The higher level of participation by women in medicine may impact this profession's evolution due to gender differences perceived during medical school, after graduation and during residency. Gender differences regarding quality of life are associated with higher states of anxiety and depression among female physicians. We aimed to assess gender differences in the perception of quality of life with quantitative methods and to understand further, from the female residents? point of view, the reasons that may influence the perception of quality of life using qualitative method. Resilience, empathy and daytime sleepiness were also scored.METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study with first-year internal medicine residents to evaluate self-reported quality of life factors specific to medical residents (VERAS-Q), including empathy (Jefferson Scale of Empathy), resilience (Wagnild and Young Brief Resilience Scale) and daytime sleepiness (Epworth Scale). We explored, from the female residents? view which factors may influence the perception of quality of life using a focus group method.RESULTS: In our study, one hundred and nine residents completed the survey: 31 (28.4%) were female and 78 (71.6%) were male. Female residents exhibited significantly lower scores than those of male residents for quality of life in the domains of time management (30.3, females vs 41.1, males; p < 0.001), psychology (48.1, females vs 56.7, males; p < 0.01) and physical health (42.8, females vs 53.6, males; p < 0.05). Female residents also scored higher for daytime sleepiness (13.0, females vs 9.0, males; p < 0.001), with pathological scores for daytime sleepiness. No significant gender differences were found in the resilience or empathy scores. The focus group assessment revealed difficulty in concentration and knowledge acquisition, insecurity, feelings of loss, greater critical perception, self-doubt and difficulty in creating effective bonds to support the training period as the main factors involved in the lower perception of quality of life among the women.CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, female residents had lower scores for quality of life and higher scores for daytime sleepiness. Measures to improve quality of life among female residents during this critical period of medical training might include investing in mentoring to help them better manage their time and encouraging activities that facilitate relationship development.", "Gender differences in clinical assessment and treatment have been reported in several areas of medicine. We examine whether differences exist in the routine outpatient psychiatric management of men and women with major depression. Psychiatrists practicing in the community completed case forms on a systematic sample of their adult outpatients with major depression. Comparisons are presented between male (n=261) and female (n=472) patients focusing on their background characteristics, clinical presentation, assessment, and treatment. Significant gender disparities in assessment and treatment are also examined with respect to the gender of the treating psychiatrist. Although male and female patients had generally similar clinical profiles, a significantly greater proportion of males than females had psychomotor retardation and substance use disorders. No significant gender differences were observed in the assessment of depressive symptoms, psychiatric comorbidities, and treatment with antidepressant medications or psychotherapy. However, a significantly smaller percentage of depressed women than men received assessments of sexual function and medication-related sexual side effects. Female patients were also less likely to have discussed their treatment preferences with their psychiatrists" ]

[ "INTRODUCTION: The school canteen provides a substantial proportion of the daily nutritional intake for many children. There are nutritional standards for school meals, however, it is still difficult to assess the dietary quality.AIMS: To design a questionnaire for assessing the dietary quality of school meals, quickly and easily.METHODS: A dietary questionnaire (COMES) was designed on the basis of the current recommendations. COMES consist of 15 items related to the food-frequency and to other characteristics of school meals. Then, a longitudinal prospective study was performed in order to analyze, with COMES, 36 school meals of 4 catering companies from Castilla y Le?n during the academic years 2006-2007 to 2010-2011. Differences in dietary quality menus according to the management system of catering companies (in situ vs. transported) were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. The significance was reached at p <0,05.RESULTS: The frequency intake of meat, dairy and prepared products was higher to the recommended in 97,2%, 94,4% and 27,8% of the analyzed menus, respectively. By contrast, the frequency intake of fish, fruit, legume, and vegetable garnishes were lower to the recommended in 83,3%, 94,4%, 91,7% and 75% of menus, respectively. Nevertheless, recommendations established by our consensus document for school meals are complied for all food groups, except for dairy and fruits. The variety of foods and culinary techniques were appropriate. No significant differences were found in the COMES score according to the management system (p=0,87), although catering system provides higher dietary quality.CONCLUSIONS: A new tool to assess quickly and easily the nutritional quality of school meals has been proposed. The assessment of the frequency intake of the most problematic foods for schoolchildren with this scale is much more demanding than the current recommendations. Even so, menus analyzed showed an acceptable quality in terms of variety of foods and culinary techniques, although milk frequency in the menus was excessive at the expense of fresh fruit. On the other hand, the transported system (i.e. catering, both hot and cold-holding) provides menus more consistent with the dietary recommendations." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to examine the association between household income and the intake of foods and nutrients by Japanese schoolchildren, and any differences between days with and without school lunch.DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. Children, with the support of their parents, kept dietary records with photographs for 4 d (2 d with school lunch and 2 d without). The socio-economic status of each family was obtained from a questionnaire completed by the parents.SETTING: Japan.SUBJECTS: All students in 5th grade (10-11 years old) at nineteen schools in four prefectures and their parents (1447 pairs of students and parents) were invited to take part in the study; 836 pairs of complete data sets were analysed.RESULTS: The average results of four days of dietary records showed that lower income level was associated with a lower intake of fish/shellfish, green vegetables and sugar at the food group level, a lower intake of protein and several micronutrients, and a higher energy intake from carbohydrates at the nutrient level among the children. These associations between income and food/nutrient intake were not significant on days with school lunches, but were significant on days without school lunch.CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed an association between household income and the amount of foods and nutrients consumed by Japanese schoolchildren, and suggested that school lunches play a role in reducing disparities in the diets of children from households with various incomes.", "OBJECTIVE: To assess qualitatively and quantitatively college students' perceived differences between a real meal, meal, and snack.DESIGN: A descriptive study design was used to administer an 11-item online survey to college students.SETTING: Two university campuses in the western US.PARTICIPANTS: Pilot testing was conducted with 20 students. The final survey was completed by 628 ethnicallydiverse students.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Students' perceptions of the terms real meal, meal, and snack.ANALYSIS: Three researchers coded the data independently, reconciled differences via conference calls, and agreed on a final coding scheme. Data were reevaluated based on the coding scheme. Means, frequencies, Pearson chi-square, and t test statistics were used.RESULTS: More than half of students perceived a difference between the terms real meal and meal. Most (97.6%) perceived a difference between the terms meal and snack. A marked difference in the way students defined these terms was evident, with a real meal deemed nutritious and healthy and meeting dietary recommendations, compared with meals, which were considered anything to eat.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that the term real meal may provide nutrition educatorswith a simple phrase to use in educational campaigns to promote healthful food intake among college students." ]

[ "It is possible that this might be scabies, sometimes diagnosed by the visible little tortious lines in the skin, caused by the parasite tunneling. The problem with most rashes, if they have been present for a while and scratching has taken place, is there is secondary infection and the diagnosis is more difficult. Cortisone might help for the itch, but will not treat scabies and can aggregate bacterial infection. For that reason I feel you should see a dermatologist whom can examine your skin under magnification and thus diagnose and treat appropriately. I trust this information helps you" ]

[ "After reading your query it appears to be due to the closest possibility of \"Urticaria\". This is a condition caused by bursting of allergy producing cells known as \"mast cells\". As the chemical inside them is released causes the kind of rash which you mentioned. Kindly follow the suggestions below:-Apply over the counter calamine lotion 3-4 times a day. -You can do cold water compresses to reduce the intensity of itching. -Do not scratch or rub the skin as it can lead to further aggravation. -Kindly stop taking oral steroids as self-medication as it can lead to side effects. So you can take oral anti histamine like loratadine or levocetrizine under medial advise. Despite above measures if the problem is not getting better than it is better to consult a dermatologist for best guidance.", "Appearance of similar lesion in daughter further supports the diagnosis of scabies, as this is contagious. For treatment of scabies, steroid shot may not help. I used to give anti-scabies creams like 5% permethrin to be applied all over body below neck overnight two times, one week apart. Antihistamine tablet like levocetirizine 5 mg at night for 5 days can relieve itching. All members in house need to be treated simultaneously, and all garments hot washed, sun Chat Doctor. Kindly discuss with your doctor." ]

[ "The gaseous plant hormone ethylene, recognized by plant ethylene receptors, plays a pivotal role in various aspects of plant growth and development. ETHYLENE RESPONSE1 (ETR1) is an ethylene receptor isolated from Arabidopsis and has a structure characteristic of prokaryotic two-component histidine kinase (HK) and receiver domain (RD), where the RD structurally resembles bacteria response regulators (RRs). The ETR1 HK domain has autophosphorylation activity, and little is known if the HK can transfer the phosphoryl group to the RD for receptor signaling. Unveiling the correlation of the receptor structure and phosphorylation status would advance the studies towards the underlying mechanisms of ETR1 receptor signaling. In this study, using the nuclear magnetic resonance technique, our data suggested that the ETR1-RD is monomeric in solution and the rigid structure of the RD prevents the conserved aspartate residue phosphorylation. Comparing the backbone dynamics with other RRs, we propose that backbone flexibility is critical to the RR phosphorylation. Besides the limited flexibility, ETR1-RD has a unique loop conformation of opposite orientation, which makes ETR1-RD unfavorable for phosphorylation. These two features explain why ETR1-RD cannot be phosphorylated and is classified as an atypical type RR. As a control, phosphorylation of the ETR1-RD was also impaired when the sequence was swapped to the fragment of the bacterial typical type RR, CheY. Here, we suggest a molecule insight that the ETR1-RD already exists as an active formation and executes its function through binding with the downstream factors without phosphorylation." ]

[ "Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) is a class B multidomain G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that controls calcium homeostasis. Two endogenous peptide ligands, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), activate the receptor, and their analogs teriparatide and abaloparatide are used in the clinic to increase bone formation as an effective yet costly treatment for osteoporosis. Activation of PTH1R involves binding of the peptide ligand to the receptor extracellular domain (ECD) and transmembrane domain (TMD), a hallmark of class B GPCRs. Here, we present the crystal structure of human PTH1R in complex with a peptide agonist at 2.5-? resolution, allowing us to delineate the agonist binding mode for this receptor and revealing molecular details within conserved structural motifs that are critical for class B receptor function. Thus, this study provides structural insight into the function of PTH1R and extends our understanding of this therapeutically important class of GPCRs.", "The signalling functions of many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed in the myocardium are incompletely understood. Among these are the endothelin receptor (ETR) family and 1-adrenergic receptor (1-AR), which are thought to couple to the G protein Gq. In this study, we used transcriptome analysis to compare the signalling networks downstream of these receptors in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. This analysis indicated increased expression of target genes of cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM) after 24 h treatment with the 1-AR agonist phenylephrine, but not the ETR agonist endothelin-1, suggesting a specific role for the 1-AR in promoting cAMP production in cardiomyocytes. To validate the difference observed between these two GPCRs, we used heterologous expression of the receptors and genetically encoded biosensors in HEK 293 cell lines. We validated that both 1A- and 1B-AR subtypes were able to lead to the accumulation of cAMP in response to phenylephrine in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in a Gs-dependent manner. However, the ETR subtype ETA did not affect cAMP levels in either compartment. All three receptors were coupled to Gq signalling as expected. Further, we showed that activation of PKA in different compartments was 1-AR subtype specific, with 1B-AR able to activate PKA in the cytoplasm and nucleus and 1A-AR only able to in the nucleus. We provide evidence for a pathway downstream of the 1-AR, and show that distinct pools of a receptor lead to differential activation of downstream effector proteins dependent on their cellular compartment." ]

[ "In which direction does thermal energy flows? \"Colin Peters 610,892 Contributions Be helpful In which direction does thermal energy flows? Hot to cold Edit In what direction does energy flow?it begins with the suns direction and ends decomposing Edit Prin Niamskul 1,292 Contributions What direction does thermal energy naturally flow? Thermal Energy always transfer from the higher temperature to lower temperature until both bodies reach the same temperature or in thermal equilibrium with each other. Edit Which direction does energy flow during energy transfer?from small to big Edit15chavesgabe15 21 Contributions In how many directions does energy flow?in every direction Edit In which direction does energy flow in a food chain? Energy flows from one direction in a food chain, which is the sun. Then, it goes from the plants to the herbivores to the carnivores to the decomposers. Edit In what direction does energy flow in a pyramid of numbers? I think It Flows Upward in the pyramid. Edit Nobias 1,450 Contributions How many directions does energy flow? One direction. This direction is from High to low energy regions. Edit Hilmar Zonneveld 66,732 Contributions In what direction does thermal energy flow naturally? Heat will naturally flow from hotter to colder objects. Edit David6023 18,458 Contributions In which direction does thermal energy flow? Thermal energy flows from hotter objects to colder objects. This happens because on a microscopic scale, hot objects are the ones that move faster, and when a fast moving obje …Hilmar Zonneveld 66,732 Contributions Which direction does the conventional flow of energy move? The term \"\"conventional flow\"\" is usually used specifically for electricity, not for any kind of energy. If the current consists of electrons, then, if the electrons move in one …When thermal energy is transferred in what direction does it flow? The law is that heat always flow from hot body to cold body. It applies even if the cold body's temp is 1 degree centigrade less than the hot body. Edit \"" ]

[ "How does electric energy flow in a circuit? [duplicate] \"_Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top How does electric energy flow in a circuit? [duplicate]up vote1down votefavorite This question already has an answer here: How does electricity propagate in a conductor? 3 answers I have read that the electric energy flows from the battery into the circuit through electric field created outside the wires into the light bulb (or any other resistor). I have also read that the friction caused in the movement of electrons cause light bulb to heat up. So which is the correct explanation?electricityshare cite improve this questionedited Apr 23 '15 at 16:25BMS9,190 4 31 57asked Apr 23 '15 at 16:17Abhishek36 1 1 4marked as duplicate by ACurious Mind ♦, Kyle Oman, John Rennie, Kyle Kanos, Chris Mueller Apr 24 '15 at 12:02This question was marked as an exact duplicate of an existing question. Another related question. – The Dark Side Apr 23 '15 at 16:27Energy flows through the space between battery and lightbulb. Not along wires. See amasci.com/elect/poynt/poynt.html – Red Gritty Brick Apr 23 '15 at 17:31add a comment2 Answers active oldest votesup vote0down vote The electric field that is applied to the wire (it doesn't matter if you consider it to be outside or inside the wire for the purpose of this explanation) causes the electrons that are indeed inside the wire to move. This movement involves the \"\"friction\"\" you heard of ( electrical resistance), which in turn causes heat (and emission of photons). The important thing is that it is not the field that's flowing. The field causes a flow and that flow causes the heat.share cite improve this answeranswered Apr 23 '15 at 16:29Name592 2 12Thanks a lot both of you. It was useful for improving my understanding. I have a follow - up question. I have seen the diagrams of electric circuits in which the electric field develops between two HALVES of the circuits. But that doesn't make sense. This is because, as per my understanding, the electric field should develop between two atoms of the conductor at any given part of a closed circuit. So how does the two HALVES scenario come into the picture ?? – Abhishek Apr 27 '15 at 16:35add a commentup vote0down vote I have read that the electric energy flows from the battery into the circuit through electric field This is a simple circuit with a battery a switch and a light bulb. The battery has the energy in chemical form, i.e. there are atoms and molecules separated into ions that generate a voltage drop, (an electric field ) accross the switch. No current flows as long as the switch is open, and no energy is transfered. Once the switch is closed a current develops in the wires, electrons in the conduction band move through the wires from the positive to the negative pole through the light bulb. The electrons have an average drift velocity, carrying kinetic energy. In the wire itself they do not lose energy. In the resistance of the lamp they lose energy transferring it to the molecules of the resistor. The way electrons lose energy when decelerated is through photons, in the case of the light bulb infrared photons which make the lamp incandescent and then excite the electrons of the molecules of the resistor to high levels, enough to start deexciting in visible light photon transitions.created OUTSIDE THE WIRES into the light bulb ( or any other resistor). this is wrong. I have also read that the friction caused in the movement of electrons cause light bulb to heat up. See my description above . It is nor really friction, as friction is a macroscopic effect. It is electromagnetic interactions.share cite improve this answeranswered Apr 23 '15 at 16:38anna v140k 6 125 4101There are some confusion here. The way electrons lose energy is not \"\"through photons\"\", but by collisions with impurities in the resistor. (by impurity I mean anything that disrupts perfect crystalline order of the ion cores: atoms of different materials, randomly oriented domains, vibrations, ...). In a collision, the electron does work on the impurity (applies a force and displaces it). The displaced ions accelerate, and can start vibrating. Thus, the resistor heats up. This is how the electron loses energy. \"\"Photons\"\" (radiation) is a consequence of the motion of the ion cores. – garyp Apr 23 '15 at 17:00@garyp in my view at the level of electrons everything happens with the exchanges of photons, either virtual or real. Heat is infrared photons, light has higher frequency and comes from excited levels due to multiple infrared absorptions – anna v Apr 23 '15 at 17:19No heat is NOT infrared photons, heat is random motion of electrons and vibration of atoms. Motion of particles has nothing to boil down to further. – Milind R Sep 25 '15 at 14:01add a comment Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged electricity or ask your own question.asked2 years, 11 months agoviewed20,045 timesactive2 years, 11 months ago Linked19 How does electricity propagate in a conductor?9 Why does electrical current start to flow? Related0 How to evaluate, how much current flows in the circuit?1 Field inside a wire?1 How electrical energy is transfered trhough a wire, and what's flow of charge?3 What is electric energy since electrons are not consumed?0 Why does a battery die more quickly when more resistors are added to the circuit?0 Electric potential in a wire2 How do electrons store Joules3 How does resistor affect drift velocity?0 Energy transfer from chemical to heat energy in resistor?2 Voltage and Electric Field in a Circuit Hot Network Questions Steaming with oil instead of water Why was UNIX never backported to the PDP-7? How do I deal with people trying to convince me to wear makeup? How to reward students for learning from mistakes without penalizing those who didn't make mistakes in the first place? My prefix ends fast How do I talk about my abusive former advisor if people ask? What's the opposite of \"\"at the expense of\"\"? Is the quotient of a toric variety by a finite group still toric What technique is best for moving two large (20 kg) suitcases, reasonably short distances (<1km)? How group action works. Why was Fleur's little sister Gabrielle even at Hogwarts? Does this mean that Tor saves your URLs? What should I play on a keyboard to accompany singing? In US universities, are the sport coaches typically considered tenured professors? How to make people spread over the earth? Why was Bruce's silence referred to as a \"\"Walt Disney\"\"? What can I do to get models to take my small camera more seriously? What to do about a colleague playing pranks on a manager? Wiping an SSD with Parted Magic seemed too quick Can a twenty-year-old bring to the USA alcohol purchased legally in Spain? Print the Previous Answer!What are healthy, productive ways to encourage students to progress to more advanced constructs as opposed to staying with the familiar? How can I give out my telephone number to my neighbors without implying anything? Having trouble getting my friends to get invested in the game \"" ]

[ "P21-activated protein kinase 1 (PAK1), a main downstream effector of small Rho GTPases, is overexpressed in many malignancies. PAK1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in some tumor types, including breast cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. However, the expression and clinical relevance of PAK1 expression in human pancreatic cancer remains unknown. The present study investigated the clinical and prognostic significance of PAK1 expression in pancreatic carcinoma. We examined and scored the expression of PAK1 by immunohistochemistry in 72 primary pancreatic carcinoma samples and 20 liver metastatic samples. The relationships between PAK1 and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer were analyzed. Among the total 92 cases, primary pancreatic cancer samples had a significantly higher rate (38/72, 52.8%) of high PAK1 expression than liver metastatic samples (5/20, 25.0%) (P=0.028). Among the 72 primary pancreatic cancer patients, high PAK1 expression was associated with younger age (P=0.038) and moderately or well differentiated tumor (P=0.007). Moreover, a positive relationship was found between high PAK1 expression and overall survival (OS) (P<0.005). Patients with high PAK1 expression had a better OS than those with low PAK1 expression. Univariate and multivariate analysis by Cox regression including PAK1 and other prognostic pathological markers demonstrated high PAK1 immunostaining as a prognostic factor for survival in pancreatic cancer patients (P<0.005)" ]

[ "BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our previous study demonstrated that a deficiency of microRNA 21 (miR-21) protects mice from acute pancreatitis, yet the underlying molecular networks associated with miR-21 in pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury remain unexplored.METHODS: We used next generation sequencing to analyze gene expression profiles of pancreatic tissues from wild-type (WT) and miR-21 knockout (KO) mice treated with caerulein by using a 1-day treatment protocol. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery gene annotation tool and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were used to analyze the molecular pathways, while quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the molecular mechanisms.RESULTS: We identified 152 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pancreata between WT and KO mice treated with caerulein. Cellular biogenesis and metabolism were the major pathways affected between WT and KO mice, whereas cell death and inflammatory response discriminated between WT and KO mice under acute pancreatitis. We validated 16 DEGs, consisting of 6 upregulated genes and 10 downregulated genes, involved in pancreatic injury. In particular, the upregulation of Pias3 and downregulation of Hmgb1 in KO pancreata coincided with a reduced severity of pancreatitis. In addition, we found Hmgb1 stimulation resulted in the overexpression of miR-21 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and deletion of miR-21 led to a reduction of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury by repressing Hmgb1 expression.CONCLUSION: Our data support the hypothesis that miR-21 modulates the inflammatory response during acute pancreatitis through the upregulation of Pias3 and downregulation of Hmgb1. Our findings further underscore a role for miR-21 in the promotion of acute pancreatitis.", "PURPOSE: Recently, we identified the microRNA-99 family as unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of this study is to evaluate its value as circulating biomarker for PDAC.METHODS: Tissue and corresponding preoperative blood samples of 181 patients with PDAC UICC Stages I-IV (n = 90), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN, n = 11), chronic pancreatitis (n = 40), pancreatic cystadenoma (n = 20), and age-matched healthy blood serum controls (n = 20) were collected between 2014 and 2017 prospectively. Expression of microRNA-21 as confirmatory marker and the microRNA-99 family, consisting of microRNA-99a, -99b, and -100, was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Target analysis of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was performed using tissue array immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS: Expression of microRNA-99 family members was significantly increased in macrodissected tumor tissue and corresponding blood serum samples (p < 0.05) of patients with PDAC of all stages. Correspondingly, its target protein IGF1R was upregulated (p < 0.001) in carcinoma tissue. Circulating and tissue-related microRNA-100 could well discriminate PDAC from healthy samples with area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values of 0.81 and 0.85, respectively. Low expression of circulating microRNA-100 was associated with significantly improved overall survival (p = 0.004) and recurrence-free survival (p = 0.03) in multivariate analyses. Circulating microRNA-21 was overexpressed in PDAC with fair discrimination between PDAC and healthy controls (AUC = 0.71) and decreased overall survival (p = 0.046) and recurrence-free survival (p = 0.03) in PDAC patients.CONCLUSIONS: Multivariate survival and ROC analyses identified circulating microRNA-100 as potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in PDAC patients." ]

[ "Milk mineral content is a key trait for its role in dairy processes such as cheese-making, its use as source of minerals for newborns, and for all traits involving salt-protein interactions. This study investigated a new method for measuring mineral partition between soluble and micellar fractions in bovine milk after rennet coagulation. A new whey dilution step was added to correct the quantification bias due to whey trapped in curd and excluded volume. Moreover, the proposed method allowed the quantification of the diffusible volume after milk coagulation. Milk mineral content and concentration in whey, and diluted whey were quantified by acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The repeatability of the method for micellar Ca, Mg, and K was between 2.07 and 8.96%, whereas reproducibility ranged from 4.01 to 9.44%. Recovery of total milk minerals over 3 spiking levels ranged from 92 to 97%. The proposed method provided an accurate estimation of micellar and soluble minerals in milk, and curd diffusible volume." ]

[ "The monitoring of various elements in the cow milk is important in the agricultural sector. The goal of this study was to determine the concentrations of calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the milk samples coming from different origins (local region in Nitra, nationwide sample represents the common Slovak brands of milk and common brands of milk from Czech Republic widely available in Slovakia). The samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. A high level of variability in the Cu, Fe, Na, Ni, and Zn contents was observed. Magnesium was comparatively high in the milk sample from Slovakia (273.23  16.32g/mL) against sample from Nitra (230.91  9.48g/mL) and Czech Republic (202.70  10.83g/mL). Potassium was significantly higher in milk from Nitra region (3301.98  95.66) against SK sample (2925.16  75.74g/mL). There were no significant differences in other elements among the three regions. The provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) contribution suggested low dietary exposure to observed toxic metals (Cd, Hg, and Pb) in milk samples. Margin of exposure (MOE) evaluation denoted that even higher consumption of milk poses no high cardiovascular and nephrotoxicity threat. However, Cd and Pb are known for their cumulative effect and the monitoring of these elements in milk is strongly required.", "This paper reports a portable device and method to extract and detect protein hormone in milk samples. Recombinant protein hormone spiked into milk samples was extracted by solid-phase extraction, and detection was carried out using the plasmonic property of gold nanoislands deposited on a glass substrate. Trace levels of hormone spiked in milk were analyzed by their optical absorbance property using a microfluidic chip. We built a portable assay system using disposable lab-on-chip devices. The proposed method is able to detect spiked recombinant protein hormone in milk at concentrations as low as 5ng/mL." ]

[ "of the Allies during World War II). As for story development, Jenkins credits the stories by the character's creator William Moulton Marston in the 1940s and George Perez's seminal stories in the 1980s in which he modernized the character. In addition, it follows some aspects of DC Comics' origin changes in The New 52 reboot, where Diana is the daughter of Zeus. Jenkins cited Richard Donner's \"\"Superman\"\" as an inspiration. In late 2013, Zack Snyder cast Gal Gadot in the role of Wonder Woman for the 2016 film, \"\"\"\" over Élodie Yung and Olga Kurylenko. Some fans initially reacted to", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, produced by DC Entertainment in association with RatPac Entertainment and Chinese company Tencent Pictures, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Directed by Patty Jenkins from a screenplay by Allan Heinberg and a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" stars Gal Gadot in the title role, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya. It is the second" ]

[ "during the 2014 war in Gaza. Jordan was reportedly also considering a ban of the film and suspended screenings pending a decision, but on June 11, it was reported that the government decided not to do so, as there was no legal precedent for it. Some men were unhappy with women-only screenings held at the Alamo Drafthouse Cinema in Austin, with some opponents of the gender-restricted screening stating on platforms such as Facebook that such screenings were discriminatory against men. A gay Albany Law School professor initiated a complaint with Austin's Equal Employment and Fair Housing Office claiming discrimination against", "time, and now that has happened.\"\" Clinton had previously praised Jenkins's film, in a public August 2017 message, stating that \"\"it was just as inspirational as I'd suspected a movie about a strong, powerful woman in a fight to save the world from international disaster would be.\"\" Director James Cameron continued this debate, through his critique of the representation of female power in Jenkins's film. In an August 2017 interview with \"\"The Guardian\"\", Cameron qualifies Jenkins's vision of Wonder Woman as \"\"an objectified icon\"\" and called the film \"\"a step backwards\"\". In contrast, he states, his character Sarah Connor (from" ]

[ "Define index fossil. index fossil synonyms, index fossil pronunciation, index fossil translation, English dictionary definition of index fossil. n. The fossil remains of an organism that lived in a particular geologic age, used to identify or date the rock or rock layer in which it is found." ]

[ "Petrified fossil is an organism that has been converted into stone. Silica, iron and copper minerals can be commonly found in petrified fossils.", "The Daily Index Update Service is a fast, efficient, and affordable source for the ARM indexes and financial indicators (including first mortgage pricing) you need for loan servicing, compliance, doc prep, loan pricing, and more. Choose email or webservice delivery and get the values you need in one place, every business day." ]

[ "Although it is considered standard of care to obtain blood cultures on patients hospitalized for pneumonia, several studies have questioned the utility and cost-effectiveness of this practice. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of emergency department (ED) blood cultures on antimicrobial therapy for patients with pneumonia. We performed a prospective, observational, cohort study of consecutive adult (age>or =18 years) patients treated at an urban university ED between February 1, 2000 and February 1, 2001. Inclusion criteria were radiographic evidence of pneumonia, clinical evidence of pneumonia, and blood culture obtained. Blood cultures were classified as positive, negative, or contaminant based on previously established criteria. Additionally, data were collected on antimicrobial sensitivities, empiric antibiotic therapy, antibiotic changes, and reasons for changes. There were 3,926 ED visits with blood cultures obtained for any reason, of which 3,762 (96%) were available for review. Of these, 414 of 3,762 (11%) patients met pneumonia study inclusion criteria, and blood cultures identified 29 of 414 (7.0%) patients with true bacteremia. In the 414 patients, blood culture results altered therapy for 15 patients (3.6%) with suspected pneumonia, of which 11 (2.7%) patients had their coverage narrowed; only 4 (1.0%) patients had their coverage broadened because of resistance to empiric therapy. For the 11 patients with bacteremia whose therapy was not altered, culture results actually supported narrowing therapy in 8 (1.9%) cases, but this was not done" ]

[ "The need for mandatory confirmation of negative conversion in Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia (KpB) has not been adequately addressed. We conducted a retrospective case-control study of adult patients with KpB over a 5-year period in two tertiary-care hospitals to determine the risk factors for persistent bacteremia and to reevaluate the necessity of follow-up blood culture in KpB. Persistent KpB is defined as the finding of K. pneumoniae in more than two separate blood-culture samples for longer than a two-day period in a single episode. The case- and control-groups were patients with persistent and non-persistent KpB, respectively, and they were matched 1-to-3 according to age and gender. Among 1068 KpB episodes analyzed after excluding polymicrobial infection and repeated KpB, follow-up blood cultures were performed in 862 cases (80.7%), 62 of which (7.2%) were persistent. Independent risk factors for persistence were intra-abdominal infection, higher Charlson's comorbidity weighted index score, prior solid organ transplantation, and unfavorable treatment response, which was defined as positivity for at least two parameters among fever, leukocytosis, and no decrease of C-reactive protein on the second day after initial culture. A proposed scoring system using four variables, namely, intra-abdominal infection, nosocomial KpB, fever and lack of C-reactive protein decrease, the last two being assessed on the second day after the initial blood culture, showed that only 4.9% of the patients with no risk factors or with only intra-abdominal infection had persistent KpB", "Of the 3748 cultures obtained from the DCC attendees, 2450 (65%) were positive for S. pneumoniae. Of 306 cultures obtained from the younger siblings, 151 (49%) were positive. Among the PnCRM9 recipients, cultures were significantly less frequently positive for the VT S. pneumoniae than among the controls (13% vs. 21%, respectively; P < 0.001). The same pattern was seen in the younger siblings of PnCRM9 recipients vs. the siblings of controls (21% vs. 34%, respectively; P = 0.017). The reverse trend was seen for non-VT strains in both the DCC attendees (44% vs. 34%, respectively; P < 0.001) and their younger siblings (19% vs. 13%, respectively; P = 0.15). There was a significant decrease in the carriage rate of antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae in both the PnCRM9 recipients and their younger siblings. The relative risks (and 95% confidence intervals) to carry S. pneumoniae penicillin-nonsusceptible, resistant to > or =1, > or =2 and > or =3 antibiotic categories among younger siblings of PnCRM9 recipients vs. siblings of controls were 0.47 (0.31 to 0.70), 0.49 (0.33 to 0.71), 0.46 (0.30 to 0.73) and 0.49 (0.21 to 1.17), respectively. When acquired, VT and antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae were carried for a significantly shorter period of time among siblings of PnCRM9 recipients than in siblings of controls." ]

[ "Emotional eating can sabotage your weight-loss efforts. It often leads to eating too much, especially too much of high-calorie, sweet and fatty foods. The good news is that if you're prone to emotional eating, you can take steps to regain control of your eating habits and get back on track with your weight-loss goals." ]

[ "The quantity of food that is consumed is the primary difference between emotional eating and binge eating. Like most emotional symptoms, emotional eating is thought to result from a number of factors rather than a single cause. There are a number of potential warning signs for emotional eating.", "• The binge eating occurs, on average, at least 2 days a week for 6 months. • The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of anorexia or bulimia. causes of emotional eating" ]

[ "Air pollution, particularly from industrial sources, has a profound negative effect on air quality. Emissions from factories, power plants, and other industrial facilities release various pollutants into the atmosphere, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. These pollutants can negatively affect air quality by contributing to the formation of smog, acid rain, and other harmful environmental phenomena. Furthermore, they can have severe health impacts on humans and other living organisms, causing or exacerbating respiratory diseases and other health problems. Thus, controlling industrial pollution is crucial for maintaining good air quality" ]

[ "While industrial activities are known to release pollutants into the environment, water bodies are significantly affected. Factories discharge chemical waste into rivers and lakes, which leads to water pollution. This waste includes harmful substances such as heavy metals and toxic chemicals that can have devastating impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Water pollution can lead to the death of aquatic organisms, disrupt food chains, and render water sources unsafe for human consumption. Although this form of pollution is distinct from air pollution, both are serious environmental issues resulting from industrial activities" ]

[ "Two girls on the beach." ]

[ "Two girls standing at a sign saying the beach is closed today." ]

[ "Report Abuse. 1 Is Kowloon A City. 2 Kowloon is a district of Hong Kong. 3 Kowloon is the name of the peninsula in Hong Kong. It is a city 1 district. united states is the only country w/ states, hence the name united STATES. everywhere else has provinces." ]

[ "Kowloon City. This erstwhile industrial district is now a gourmet neighbourhood of international cuisines, with Asian specialties very much in the spotlight. Southeast Asian, Thai, Chiu Chow and Cantonese food and local desserts are available in inexpensive and unpretentious family-run eateries. MTR Lok Fu Station and take a short taxi ride.", "The Kowloon Peninsula to the south of Boundary Street and the New Territories to the north of Hong Kong Island were added to Colonial Hong Kong in 1860 and 1898 respectively. The landscape of Hong Kong is fairly hilly to mountainous with steep slopes." ]

[ "Abstract Birds have a smaller repertoire of immune genes than mammals. In our efforts to study antiviral responses to influenza in avian hosts, we have noted key genes that appear to be missing. As a result, we speculate that birds have impaired detection of viruses and intracellular pathogens. Birds are missing TLR8, a detector for single-stranded RNA. Chickens also lack RIG-I, the intracellular detector for single-stranded viral RNA. Riplet, an activator for RIG-I, is also missing in chickens. IRF3, the nuclear activator of interferon-beta in the RIG-I pathway is missing in birds. Downstream of interferon (IFN) signaling, some of the antiviral effectors are missing, including ISG15, and ISG54 and ISG56 (IFITs). Birds have only three antibody isotypes and IgD is missing. Ducks, but not chickens, make an unusual truncated IgY antibody that is missing the Fc fragment. Chickens have an expanded family of LILR leukocyte receptor genes, called CHIR genes, with hundreds of members, including several that encode IgY Fc receptors. Intriguingly, LILR homologues appear to be missing in ducks, including these IgY Fc receptors. The truncated IgY in ducks, and the duplicated IgY receptor genes in chickens may both have resulted from selective pressure by a pathogen on IgY FcR interactions. Birds have a minimal MHC, and the TAP transport and presentation of peptides on MHC class I is constrained, limiting function. Perhaps removing some constraint, ducks appear to lack tapasin, a chaperone involved in loading peptides on MHC class I. Finally, the absence of lymphotoxin-alpha and beta may account for the observed lack of lymph nodes in birds. As illustrated by these examples, the picture that emerges is some impairment of immune response to viruses in birds, either a cause or consequence of the host-pathogen arms race and long evolutionary relationship of birds and RNA viruses." ]

[ "Abstract The newly emerged Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is responsible for considerable economic loss in waterfowl-raising areas in China since 2010. Meanwhile, the virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has also caused sporadic outbreaks in waterfowl. The individual vaccines against both diseases are available, however, there is no bivalent or combined vaccine for either disease. Here, we constructed a recombinant NDV-vectored vaccine candidate that expresses the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes from DTMUV, designated as aGM/prM + E. The foreign prM and E proteins were stably expressed in aGM/prM + E and exhibited similar pathogenicity but higher growth kinetics than those of the parental virus. The aGM/prM + E carries a fusion cleavage site in accordance with avirulent viruses that have been frequently isolated from waterfowl, and induced remarkably (p < 0.001) higher NDV-specific hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers than commercially available live NDV vaccines (LaSota strain). The aGM/prM + E also elicited significantly higher (p < 0.05) virus neutralization (VN) titers than commercially available DTMUV inactivated vaccines (HB strain). The aGM/prM + E not only provided complete protection against NDV challenge but also reduced the gross lesions on ovarian folliculi and provided 80% protection against DTMUV in ducks. We note that the aGM/prM + E vaccine can prevent challenged ducks from shedding of NDV and DTMUV. Our results suggest that the candidate vaccine aGM/prM + E would help decrease NDV and DTMUV transmissions in waterfowl raising areas in China.", "Abstract Urbanization is intensifying worldwide, and affects the epidemiology of infectious diseases. However, the effect of urbanization on natural host-pathogen systems remains poorly understood. Urban ducks occupy an interesting niche in that they directly interact with both humans and wild migratory birds, and either directly or indirectly with food production birds. Here we have collected samples from Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) residing in a pond in central Uppsala, Sweden, from January 2013 to January 2014. This artificial pond is kept ice-free during the winter months, and is a popular location where the ducks are fed, resulting in a resident population of ducks year-round. Nine hundred and seventy seven (977) fecal samples were screened for RNA viruses including: influenza A virus (IAV), avian paramyxovirus 1, avian coronavirus (CoV), and avian astrovirus (AstroV). This intra-annual dataset illustrates that these RNA viruses exhibit similar annual patterns to IAV, suggesting similar ecological factors are at play. Furthermore, in comparison to wild ducks, autumnal prevalence of IAV and CoV are lower in this urban population. We also demonstrate that AstroV might be a larger burden to urban ducks than IAV, and should be better assessed to demonstrate the degree to which wild birds contribute to the epidemiology of these viruses. The presence of economically relevant viruses in urban Mallards highlights the importance of elucidating the ecology of wildlife pathogens in urban environments, which will become increasingly important for managing disease risks to wildlife, food production animals, and humans." ]

[ "The prevalence of FG syndrome is unknown, although several hundred cases have been reported worldwide. Researchers suspect that FG syndrome may be over diagnosed because many of its signs and symptoms are also seen with other disorders." ]

[ "LEOPARD syndrome, also known as multiple lentigines syndrome, is a rare congenital condition characterized by skin, facial and cardiac anomalies. LEOPARD is an acronym that summarizes the most important features of this disease which includes L entigines, E CG findings (conduction abnormalities), O cular problems (hypertelorism), P ulmonic stenosis, A bnormal genitalia, growth R etardation, and D eafness. Phenotypically and genotypically, LEOPARD syndrome closely resembles Noonan syndrome although around 200 cases have only been reported worldwide. The disorder also involves mutations in the PTPN11 gene responsible for the NSH-2 domain on SHP-2. Several common loci of missense mutations are shared between these 2 syndromes, and genetic analysis alone can sometimes be hard to differentiate the two. Clinically, LS is a combination of neurofibromatosis type 1 and Noonan syndrome. The lentigines are important to make the diagnosis, although some do not appear before 4 to 5 years of age. Other signs more prominent in LS compared to Noonan are the very high prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and deafness. \nCostello syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that occurs secondary to germline mutations in the HRAS proto-oncogene that is characterized by growth retardation, coarse facial features, loose skin, cardiomyopathy, developmental delay and friendly behavior. Patients with Costello syndrome usually develop oral papillomata and are at a higher predisposition for malignancy especially rhabdomyosarcoma. The pathophysiology is unclear, but recent studies suggest defects in elastogenesis. \nTurner syndrome is a congenital disorder that occurs in 1 of every 2000 to 5000 live female births. It does not affect male patients as it is characterized by an XO karyotype. Clinically, Turner syndrome can have variable phenotypes with features usually including congenital lymphedema, short stature, congentical cardiac abnormalities, and gonadal dysgenesis. Although Turner syndrome has been genetically and clinically delineated and can be differentiated from Noonan's syndrome, initially, Noonan's was considered a form of Turner syndrome that can affect males due to the marked overlap between the 2 disorders. In 1968, Dr. Jacqueline Noonan published a paper entitled \"Hypertelorism With Turner Phenotype: A New Syndrome With Associated Congenital Heart Disease\" describing the syndrome as \"the male Turner syndrome\". In females with any difficulty in differentiating the syndromes clinically due to the variable expression, karyotype and genetic analysis are helpful.\nIt is absolute that delayed puberty is the result of any disturbances in hypothalamus - pituitary - gonadal (HPG) axis. Delayed puberty has found to be on a genetic basis, most of the times. It is assumed that the main factor in determining the puberty timing is genetic elements. In case of constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP), researchers suggested 50-75% of positive family history of delayed puberty. About 25 various genes, in 3 different group of Kallman syndrome related genes, hypothalamus - pituitary - gonadal (HPG) axis related genes, and obesity related genes, play roles in delayed puberty. Boys are more commonly affected by delayed puberty (constitutional delay of puberty) than girls. The most potent risk factor in the development of delayed puberty is hypothalamus - pituitary - gonadal (HPG) axis disturbance. Other risk factors are including genetic, endocrinologic, and environmental; which may disturb the HPG axis. Patients with delayed puberty usually appear normal, not ill or toxic. Physical examination of patients with delayed puberty is usually remarkable for delayed growth spurt along with small testicular size (less than 4 mL or 2.5 cm) in more than 14 years old boys and thelarche stage 0-1 in more than 13 years old girls.", "Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (or the Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome, after the Canadian physicians who described it in 1963 ) is a rare brain disorder that causes serious and permanent problems with control of gait and balance. The most obvious sign of the disease is an inability to aim the eyes properly, which occurs because of lesions in the area of the brain that coordinates eye movements. Some patients describe this effect as a blurring. PSP patients often show alterations of mood and behavior, including depression and apathy as well as progressive mild dementia. It must be emphasized that the pattern of signs and symptoms can be quite different from person to person. The symptoms of PSP are caused by a gradual deterioration of brain cells in a few tiny but important places at the base of the brain, in the region called the brainstem. PSP is often misdiagnosed because some of its symptoms are very much like those of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and more rare neurodegenerative disorders, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The key to establishing the diagnosis of PSP is the identification of early gait instability and difficulty moving the eyes, the hallmark of the disease, as well as ruling out other similar disorders, some of which are treatable. Although PSP gets progressively worse, no one dies from PSP itself.\nThe sexes are affected approximately equally and there is no racial, geographical or occupational predilection. Approximately 6 people per 100,000 population have PSP." ]

[ "Coring happens when a heated alloy, such as a Cu-Ni system, cools in non-equilibrium conditions. This causes the exterior of the material to solidify before the interior. Coring causes the centers of the grains to retain more of the higher melting temperature element." ]

[ "Curing is defined as a chemical process the concrete goes through in the days immediately after it is poured. While full strength does not occur for 28 to 60 days, depending on conditions, the building process can begin when the foundations are about 50 percent cured.", "The only way to directly measure the earth’s subsurface is by analyzing samples, or cores, that engineers extract from the formation using special bits or wireline-conveyed coring tools. Once the cores are cut, they are captured and retrieved to the surface." ]

[ "Women have a higher prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and report more severe depressive symptoms than men. Several studies have suggested that gender differences in depression may occur because women report higher levels of somatic symptoms than men. Those studies, however, have not controlled or matched for non-somatic symptoms. The objective of this study was to examine if women report relatively more somatic symptoms than men matched on cognitive/affective symptoms. Male and female patients receiving treatment for MDD in outpatient psychiatric clinics in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, USA were matched on Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) cognitive/affective symptom scores. Male and female BDI-II somatic symptom scores were compared using independent samples 2-tailed t-tests. Of 472 male and 1,026 female patients, there were 470 male patients (mean age = 40.1 years, SD = 15.1) and 470 female patients (mean age = 43.1 years, SD = 17.2) successfully matched on BDI-II cognitive/affective symptom scores. Somatic symptoms accounted for 35% of total BDI-II scores for male patients versus 38% for matched female patients. Female patients had somatic symptom scores on average 1.3 points higher than males (p<.001), equivalent to 4% of the total BDI-II scores of female patients. Only 5% of male patients and 7% of female patients scored 2 or higher on all BDI-II somatic symptom items" ]

[ "fMRI markers of mild depression were revealed using standard emotional test. Patients with mild depression and healthy volunteers were asked to determine gender of subjects in photographs with different emotional expressions (neutral, surprise, disgust, confusion, anger, sadness, fear, and joy). The pattern of response to different emotions was universal in both groups and included the largest clusters in the occipital region, as well as a certain volume in the parietal lobes and posterior lateral frontal cortex. In depression group, a lack of activation in the middle cingulate gyrus (bilaterally) and in the postcentral and inferior parietal gyrus (left) in response to presentation of sad faces. For other emotion, no large clusters of intergroup contrasts significant at p<0.05 with FWE correction were revealed. The response of the middle cingulate gyrus and the left inferior parietal lobe can be considered as a potential diagnostic marker of depressive disorders and as the target for neurofeedback.", "BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects men and women differently. Not only are women twice as likely as men to develop PTSD, they experience different symptoms and comorbidities associated with PTSD. Yet the dearth of preclinical research on females leaves a notable gap in understanding the underlying neuropathology of this sex difference.METHODS: Using two standard measures of PTSD-like responses in rats, the acoustic startle response (ASR) and dexamethasone suppression test (DST), we tested the effects of traumatic stress in adult male and female rats using two rodent models of PTSD, single prolonged stress and predator exposure. We then examined the neural correlates underlying these responses with cFos and glucocorticoid receptor immunohistochemistry in brain regions implicated in the traumatic stress response.RESULTS: We now report that adult male and female rats across two models of PTSD show consistent sex-specific responses that recapitulate fundamental differences of PTSD in men and women. Trauma-exposed males showed the well-established hyper-responsive phenotype of enhanced ASR and exaggerated negative feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, while the same traumatic event had little effect on these same measures in females. Dramatic sex differences in how trauma affected cFos and glucocorticoid receptor expression in the brain lend further support to the idea that the trauma response of male and female rats is fundamentally different.CONCLUSIONS: Two standard measures, ASR and DST, might suggest that females are resilient to the effects of traumatic stress, but other measures make it clear that females are not resilient, but simply respond differently to trauma. The next important question to answer is why. We conclude that males and females show fundamentally different responses to trauma that do not simply reflect differences in resilience. The divergent effects of trauma in the brains of males and females begin to shed light on the neurobiological underpinnings of these sex differences, paving the way for improved diagnostics and therapeutics that effectively treat both men and women." ]

[ "Significant inflammation may overestimate liver stiffness and result in false positive diagnosis by transient elastography for CHB cirrhosis detection. This study tries to further improve the performance by stepwise combination with routine biomarkers. A total of 236 compensated CHB patients with alanine transferase lower than 5 times upper limit of normal, liver biopsies, transient elastography and routine blood tests were included. Performance of stepwise combining transient elastography and routine biomarkers were analyzed. The area under ROC for detecting cirrhosis was 0.876 for transient elastography, 0.794 for FIB-4, 0.765 for API, 0.715 for APRI and 0.661 for AAR, respectively. The numbers for significant fibrosis were 0.844, 0.662, 0.580, 0.595, 0.695 and 0.510 in the same order. The proportion of patients determined as cirrhosis or non-cirrhosis was 66.5% by transient elastography, 41.1% by FIB-4, 14.4% by API and 24.2% by APRI, respectively; the numbers for significant fibrosis were 55.5% by transient elastography, 11.9% by APRI and none by the other serum markers. Stepwise combination of transient elastography and FIB-4/APRI increased positive predictive value of confirming cirrhosis diagnosis from 0.677 to 0.808 and 0.724, respectively; and the proportion of patients being determined the state of cirrhosis and obviating liver biopsy was up to 76%" ]

[ "Chronic liver diseases are investigated through invasive (liver biopsy) or non-invasive (FibroScan or FibroTest) methods. Recently the non-invasive methods have become more and more popular. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the liver stiffness (LS) measured by transient elastography in individuals without known hepatic pathology (\"normal\" subjects) and to see if it is influenced by age. We examined a group of \"normal\" subjects by means of a FibroScan device (EchoSens, France). In each patient we performed 10 valid measurements and a median value was calculated by the device. The subjects were individuals without known hepatic pathology: healthy volunteers or patients from departments other than Gastroenterology in our hospital. We evaluated 152 \"normal\" subjects (87 women and 65 men, mean age 45.3 + or - 17.6 years). The mean value of LS in \"normal\" subjects was 4.8 + or - 1.3 kPa, ranging from 2.3 to 8.8 kPa. The mean values of LS in age subgroups were: 18-29 years - 5 + or - 1.3 kPa; 30-39 years - 4.5 + or - 1.2kPa; 40-49 years - 5 = or - 1.1kPa; 50-59 years - 4.7 + or - 1.2kPa; 60-69 years - 5 + or - 1.3kPa;>70 years - 4.7 + or - 1.4kPa. There were no statistically significant differences between the mean values of LS in various age subgroups (p=0.5263)", "OBJECTIVES: Investigate the use of spleen stiffness measurements (SSMs), measured by transient elastography (TE), for the prediction of clinically significant varices (CSV) in children with portal hypertension.METHODS: This observational cohort study included children selected for endoscopy, as per department protocol, between September 2015 and June 2016. Those included underwent single TE FibroScan for liver stiffness measurements and SSM. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and variceal prediction scores were calculated at time of elastography.RESULTS: In total 67 children (32 boys) underwent TE. Fifty-two children (25 boys) had chronic liver disease (CLD), 15 (7 boys) portal vein thrombosis (PVT). In all children SSM was the best predictor of CSV+ve, with an optimal cut-off value of 38.0 kPa (area under the receiver operator curve [AUROC] = 0.92, sensitivity = 89%, specificity = 82%, P < 0.01). In the CLD group SSM was also the best predictor, with an optimal cut-off value of 38.05 kPa (AUROC = 0.90, sensitivity = 84%, specificity = 87%, P < 0.01). In the PVT group only SSM was predictive of CSV+ve, with an optimal cut-off value of 16.8 kPa (AUROC = 1.00, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 100%, P < 0.001). For the prediction of GI bleeding (n = 6), liver stiffness measurement performed the best, with an optimal cut-off value of 34.3 kPa (AUROC = 0.84, sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 88%, P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: SSM was the greatest predictor of CSV+ve in the whole cohort, and individual CLD and PVT groups. SSM could be used as a noninvasive screening tool for children with portal hypertension to stratify the risk of having CSV." ]

[ "End Stage Pulmonary Fibrosis Life Expectancy: What to Expect. Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF) is a disease characterized by the excessive build-up of scar tissue within the lungs, restricting breathing. And for those that live with it, they are well aware of the incremental stages of the disease’s progression.", "The primary symptom of end stage pulmonary fibrosis is shortness of breath, a symptom that grows more acute as time goes on. As the diseases develops into this final stage, other commonly associated symptoms include: Chest pain. Depression." ]

[ "Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a specific type of. pulmonary fibrosis, is a progressive and debilitating lung. disease. It is characterized by scarring of the lung that. worsens over time, causing a stiffness of the lungs, which makes it difficult to breathe. In some patients, the.", "People with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to sudden episodes where their symptoms become worse and oxygen levels may fall. Initial treatment during these episodes usually includes oxygen, but this may cause a rise in the carbon dioxide levels that can be dangerous." ]

[ "ITV in 2002, after landing a regular role in the short lived British soap opera \"\"Night and Day\"\". He featured in a total of 52 episodes. In 2003 Walsh played a minor role in an episode of \"\"The Bill\"\" spin-off \"\"\"\". In 2004 Walsh was approached for a role in soap opera \"\"Coronation Street\"\". On 31 May 2004 Walsh made his first appearance in Weatherfield as factory boss Danny Baldwin. It was originally envisaged that Walsh's character would be called Vic, however, Walsh asked for the character's name to be changed to Danny after his late father. He also commented", "Bradley Walsh Bradley John Walsh (born 4 June 1960) is an English actor, comedian, singer, television presenter and former professional footballer, known for his roles as Danny Baldwin in \"\"Coronation Street\"\", in \"\"\"\", and Graham O'Brien in \"\"Doctor Who\"\", as well as hosting ITV game shows \"\"The Chase\"\" and \"\"Cash Trapped\"\". Walsh also hosts the annual \"\"Crime Thriller Awards\"\" and the \"\"Specsavers Crime Thriller Club\"\" on ITV3, he hosts the variety show \"\"Tonight at the London Palladium\"\" and is a team captain on the sports-themed panel show \"\"Play to the Whistle\"\". In October 2018 Walsh appeared as Graham O'Brien in" ]

[ "Ray Brooks (actor) Raymond Michael Brooks (born 20 April 1939 in Brighton, Sussex) is an English television and film actor. Ray Brooks began as a television actor. He appeared in the long-running ITV soap \"\"Coronation Street\"\", and played Terry Mills in the series \"\"Taxi!\"\" with Sid James (1963). He played small roles in British films such as \"\"H.M.S. Defiant\"\", \"\"Play It Cool\"\" and \"\"Some People\"\", and then rose to prominence in the UK after starring alongside Michael Crawford and Rita Tushingham in the 1965 film \"\"The Knack …and How to Get It\"\". The film, directed by Richard Lester, won the", "Alf Roberts Alfred Sidney \"\"Alf\"\" Roberts, is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"\"Coronation Street\"\", played by Bryan Mosley. He ran a grocery shop at No. 15 and was heavily involved in local politics, including two spells as mayor of Weatherfield. The character first appeared on the programme in 1961 on a recurring basis, before finally becoming a regular in 1971 and remaining in the series until he died on 1 January 1999. Alf was married first to Phyllis, who was mentioned by name but never made an appearance on screen. She was engaged to Alf's brother" ]

[ "Not Portland; I mean the team that has Isiah on it." ]

[ "I am referring to the team from Portland." ]

[ "The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is one of the master regulators of xenobiotic transformation. Interactions between pharmacologic compounds and PXR frequently result in drug-to-drug interactions, drug-induced hepatotoxicity, and the development of drug-resistant phenotypes in cancer cells. Potential PXR-mediated effects on drug metabolism can be predicted using high-throughput methods to detect PXR transactivation. We used the reporter cell line nhrtox-hepg2 to screen an 1120-compound library of pharmacologic substances. Using a three-stage screening process combined with a quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) analysis, we detected 16 novel, previously unreported PXR activators capable of upregulating CYP450 expression. For some of these compounds such as mycophenolic acid, leflunomide, and trifluridine, the observed interactions with PXR occurred at clinically significant concentrations and could provide potential mechanistic explanations for observed drug-to-drug interactions and drug-induced toxicity. A parallel QSAR analysis revealed significant correlation between the experimentally measured PXR-dependent bioactivity and the calculated molecular descriptors of the PXR activators." ]

[ "AIM: To ascertain whether cholestasis affects the expression of two CYP3A isoforms (CYP3A1 and CYP3A2) and of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR).METHODS: Cholestasis was induced by bile duct ligation in 16 male Wistar rats; whereas 8 sham-operated rats were used as controls. Severity of cholestasis was assessed on histological examination of liver sections, and serum concentrations of albumin, AST, ALT, GGT, ALPK and bilirubin. Gene and protein expressions of PXR, CAR, CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 were assessed by means of qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Alterations in CYP3A activity were measured by calculating the kinetic parameters of 4-OH and 1'-OH-midazolam hydroxylation, marker reactions for CYP3A enzymes.RESULTS: The mRNA and protein expression of CYP3A1 increased significantly in mild cholestasis (P < 0.01). At variance, mRNA and protein expression of CYP3A2 didn't change in mild cholestasis, whereas the expression and activity of both CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 decreased dramatically when cholestasis became severe. Consistently with these observations, the nuclear expression of both PXR and CAR, which was measured because they both translocate into the cell nucleus after their activation, virtually disappeared in the late stage of cholestatic injury, after an initial increase. These results indicate that early- and late-stage cholestasis affects CYP3A-mediated drug metabolism differently, probably as consequence of the different activation of PXR and CAR.CONCLUSION: Early- and late-stage cholestasis affects CYP3A-mediated drug metabolism differently. PXR and CAR might be targeted therapeutically to promote CYP3A-mediated liver detoxification.", "OBJECTIVE: The farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) is a metabolic nuclear receptor superfamily member that is highly expressed in enterohepatic tissue and is also expressed in the cardiovascular system. Multiple nuclear receptors, including FXR, play a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an untreatable cardiovascular system disease that leads to right heart failure (RHF). However, the potential physiological/pathological roles of FXR in PAH and RHF are unknown. We therefore compared FXR expression in the cardiovascular system in PAH, RHF and a control.METHODS AND RESULTS: Hemodynamic parameters and morphology were assessed in blank solution-exposed control, monocrotaline (MCT)-exposed PAH (4 weeks) and RHF (7 weeks) Sprague-Dawley rats. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), Western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis were performed to assess FXR levels in the lung and heart tissues of MCT-induced PAH and RHF rats. In normal rats, low FXR levels were detected in the heart, and nearly no FXR was expressed in rat lungs. However, FXR expression was significantly elevated in PAH and RHF rat lungs but reduced in PAH and RHF rat right ventricular (RV) tissues. FXR expression was reduced only in RHF rat left ventricular (LV) tissues.CONCLUSIONS: The differential expression of FXR in MCT-induced PAH lungs and heart tissues in parallel with PAH pathophysiological processes suggests that FXR contributes to PAH." ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: Thiazide diuretics are one of the first choice antihypertensives but not optimally utilised because of concerns regarding their adverse effects on glucose metabolism. The Diuretics In the Management of Essential hypertension (DIME) study was designed, for the first time, to assess the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with essential hypertension during antihypertensive treatment with low-dose thiazide diuretics compared to those not treated with diuretics.DESIGN: Multicentre, unblinded, pragmatic, randomised, controlled trial with blinded assessment of end points and intention-to-treat analysis that was started in 2004 and finished in 2012.SETTING: Hypertension clinics at 106 sites in Japan, including general practitioners' offices and teaching hospitals.PARTICIPANTS: Non-diabetic patients with essential hypertension.INTERVENTIONS: Antihypertensive treatment with low-dose thiazide diuretics at 12.5 mg/day of hydrochlorothiazide or equivalent (Diuretics group) or that without thiazide diuretics (No-diuretics group).MAIN OUTCOME: The primary outcome was new onset of type 2 diabetes diagnosed according to WHO criteria and the criteria of Japanese Society of Diabetes.RESULTS: 1130 patients were allocated to Diuretics (n=544) or No-diuretics group (n=586). Complete end point information was collected for 1049 participants after a median follow-up of 4.4 years. Diabetes developed in 25 (4.6%) participants in the Diuretics group, as compared with 29 (4.9%) in the No-diuretics group (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.58; p=0.800).CONCLUSIONS: Antihypertensive treatment with thiazide diuretics at low doses may not be associated with an increased risk for new onset of type 2 diabetes. This result might suggest safety of use of low doses of thiazide diuretics.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00131846." ]

[ "AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of thiazide diuretics, a first-line antihypertensive therapy, on cognitive function in elderly hypertensive patients with or without cognitive impairment.METHODS: This retrospective and observational study assessed 286 elderly patients with hypertension. Patients were divided based on thiazide diuretic usage and then into dementia and non-dementia groups. The comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed for all patients. All participants were re-evaluated after a 26-week period.RESULTS: In total, 133 patients, including 62 with dementia, took thiazide. There were no significant differences between baseline and follow-up laboratory findings, comprehensive geriatric assessment parameters, including detailed neurocognitive assessment, or electrolytes in the thiazide group, the non-thiazide group, and the dementia group (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Thiazide therapy does not show any effect on cognitive function in older hypertensive adults regardless of dementia status.", "Insulin resistance is closely associated with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been developed to ameliorate insulin resistance by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) . Although TZDs are synthetic ligands for PPAR, metabolic outcomes of each TZD are different. Moreover, there are lack of head-to-head comparative studies among TZDs in the aspect of metabolic outcomes. In this study, we analyzed the effects of three TZDs, including lobeglitazone (Lobe), rosiglitazone (Rosi), and pioglitazone (Pio) on metabolic and thermogenic regulation. In adipocytes, Lobe more potently stimulated adipogenesis and insulin-dependent glucose uptake than Rosi and Pio. In the presence of pro-inflammatory stimuli, Lobe efficiently suppressed expressions of pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages and adipocytes. In obese and diabetic db/db mice, Lobe effectively promoted insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and suppressed pro-inflammatory responses in epididymal white adipose tissue (EAT), leading to improve glucose intolerance. Compared to other two TZDs, Lobe enhanced beige adipocyte formation and thermogenic gene expression in inguinal white adipose tissue (IAT) of lean mice, which would be attributable to cold-induced thermogenesis. Collectively, these comparison data suggest that Lobe could relieve insulin resistance and enhance thermogenesis at low-concentration conditions where Rosi and Pio are less effective." ]

[ "A white horse in a dream heightens the meaning of the positive symbols, a black horse adds to the negative symbols. A brown horse means that things are likely to be difficult in the future but calm. To groom a horse is a positive omen that denotes safety." ]

[ "This is the true Spirit of Horse... Freedom. Freedom is the most sacred and spiritual meaning of what it is to be the Horse. Freedom in every sense of the word; mind body and spirit.", "Because the bull symbolizes stubbornness, to dream of a bull can also mean that you are being “bull-headed” in some way and should consider compromising a bit more in a certain circumstance. The activity of the bull in your dream is important. If a bull is chasing you, it symbolizes jealous business competitors and business difficulties." ]

[ "1) YES - the pain is normally felt at the sight of instrumentation and the pain in the lower area of kidney is a referred pain, and it occurs in such cases of kidney stone. 2) This is a minor operative process will usually take about 10 days from the closure and removal of the stent to heal completely provided the healing was without any complication." ]

[ ". . The first three days of pain is absolutely normal . . . you need not worry about it. . . . You need to have a check on the duration and intensity of pain. . . is it the same since the day of removal or has it come down? Increase in the pain intensity is factor to worry. Pain for more than 4 days with increased intensity could be a Chat Doctor. Infection would set in only after 1 weeks time. . . . if the sterilization procedures were well maintained at your clinic infection wouldn't set in so fast. . . the abscess your doctor was talking to you would get cured by the antibiotics and atmospheric oxygen. . . Consult your dental surgeon in case of pain even after 4th day. . .", "Pain after stent removal can be due to recurrence of stones, stricture in the ureter or inflammation. As you have fever and pain, it might be due to mild infection. I would suggest that you get an ultrasound done to check the possibilities. In case of stricture immediate action needs to be taken to prevent scarring. I would suggest that you visit your urologist and discuss the above-mentioned possibilities for further advise. A urine culture and course of antibiotics might be necessary" ]

[ "The most common cause of numbness or tingling is a problem with a peripheral nerve- the neural connections between the spinal cord and the rest of the body. Knowing which nerve supplies different areas of the body can help a neurologist figure out where the problem is, and how it might be fixed." ]

[ "By numbness, do you mean a pins and needles feeling, known as paresthesia, or do you mean a total lack of feeling? When thinking of your thumb, are all areas of the thumb equally affected, or is it just the front, side, or back of the thumb? The latter question can be very important in helping distinguish the cause of the numbness.", "Numbness is often accompanied by abnormal sensations of tingling (pins-and-needles) unrelated to a sensory stimulus (paresthesias). Other manifestations (eg, pain, extremity weakness, nonsensory cranial nerve dysfunction) may also be present depending on the cause." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To investigate atrophy of the corpus callosum on MRI in Parkinson disease (PD) and its relationship to cognitive impairment.METHODS: One hundred patients with PD and 24 healthy control participants underwent clinical and neuropsychological evaluations and structural MRI brain scans. Participants with PD were classified as cognitively normal (PD-NC; n = 28), having mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI; n = 47), or having dementia (PDD; n = 25) by Movement Disorder Society criteria. Cognitive domain (attention/working memory, executive function, memory, language, visuospatial function) z scores were calculated. With the use of FreeSurfer image processing, volumes for total corpus callosum and its subsections (anterior, midanterior, central, midposterior, posterior) were computed and normalized by total intracranial volume. Callosal volumes were compared between participants with PD and controls and among PD cognitive groups, covarying for age, sex, and PD duration and with multiple comparison corrections. Regression analyses were performed to evaluate relationships between callosal volumes and performance in cognitive domains.RESULTS: Participants with PD had reduced corpus callosum volumes in midanterior and central regions compared to healthy controls. Participants with PDD demonstrated decreased callosal volumes involving multiple subsections spanning anterior to posterior compared to participants with PD-MCI and PD-NC. Regional callosal atrophy predicted cognitive domain performance such that central volumes were associated with the attention/working memory domain; midposterior volumes with executive function, language, and memory domains; and posterior volumes with memory and visuospatial domains.CONCLUSIONS: Notable volume loss occurs in the corpus callosum in PD, with specific neuroanatomic distributions in PDD and relationships of regional atrophy to different cognitive domains. Callosal volume loss may contribute to clinical manifestations of PD cognitive impairment." ]

[ "Abnormal corpus callosum (CC) has been reported in childhood trauma-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the nature of white matter (WM) integrity alterations in the CC of young adult-onset PTSD patients is unknown. In this study, 14 victims of a coal mine gas explosion with PTSD and 23 matched coal miners without experiencing the coal mine explosion were enrolled. The differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) within 7 sub-regions of the CC were compared between the two groups. Compared to the controls, PTSD coal miners exhibited significantly reduced FA values in the anterior sub-regions of the CC (P < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected), which mainly interconnect the bilateral frontal cortices. Our findings indicated that the anterior part of the CC was more severely impaired than the posterior part in young adult-onset PTSD, which suggested the patterns of CC impairment may depend on the developmental stage of the structure when the PTSD occurs.", "Comprehension of non-literal language involves multiple neural systems likely involving callosal connections. We describe proverb comprehension impairments in individuals with isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) and normal-range general intelligence. Experiment 1 compared Gorham Proverb Test (Gorham, 1956) performance in 19 adults with AgCC and 33 neurotypical control participants of similar age, sex, and intelligence. Experiment 2 used the Proverbs subtest of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS, 2001) to compare 19 adults with AgCC and 17 control participants with similar age, sex, and intelligence. Gorham Proverbs performance was impaired in the AgCC group for both the free-response and multiple-choice tasks. On the D-KEFS proverbs test, the AgCC group performed significantly worse on the free-response task (and all derivative scores) despite normal levels of performance on the multiple-choice task. Covarying verbal intelligence did not alter these outcomes. However, covarying a measure of non-literal language comprehension considerably reduced group differences in proverb comprehension on the Gorham test, but had little effect on the D-KEFS group differences. The difference between groups seemed to be greatest when participants had to generate their own interpretation (free response), or in the multiple choice format when the test included many proverbs that were likely to be less familiar. Taken together, the results of this study clearly show that proverb comprehension is diminished in individuals with AgCC compared to their peers." ]

[ "High blood pressure can harm the mother's kidneys and other organs, and it can cause low birth weight and early delivery. In the most serious cases, the mother develops preeclampsia-or toxemia of pregnancy--which can threaten the lives of both the mother and the fetus." ]

[ "Nobody knows what causes it, but it's at least twice as common in first pregnancies as during later pregnancies. A clue comes from the fact that preeclampsia is more likely in later pregnancies if the woman has remarried or changed partners since her last pregnancy.", "A history of the condition in other female relatives' pregnancies also places a woman at higher risk. Women with other existing conditions, such as kidney disease, chronic high blood pressure, and diabetes, tend to develop toxemia as well." ]

[ "A man is at an event." ]

[ "A man is sleeping." ]

[ "Administration of high transfusion ratios in patients not requiring massive transfusion might be harmful. We aimed to determine the effect of high ratios of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelets (PLT) to packed red blood cells (PRBC) in nonmassively transfused patients. Records of 1,788 transfused trauma patients who received <10 units of PRBC in 24 hours at 23 United States Level I trauma centers were reviewed. The relationship between ratio category (low and high) and in-hospital mortality was assessed with propensity-adjusted multivariate proportional hazards models. At baseline, patients transfused with a high FFP:PRBC ratio were younger, had a lower Glasgow Coma Scale score, and a higher Injury Severity Score. Those receiving a high PLT:PRBC ratio were older. The risk of in-hospital mortality did not vary significantly with FFP:PRBC ratio category. Intensive care unit (ICU)-free days, hospital-free days, and ventilator-free days did not vary significantly with FFP:PRBC ratio category. ICU-free days and ventilator-free days were significantly decreased among patients in the high (≥1:1) PLT:PRBC category, and hospital-free days did not vary significantly with PLT:PRBC ratio category. The analysis was repeated using 1:2 as the cutoff for high and low ratios. Using this cutoff, there was still no difference in mortality with either FFP:PRBC ratios or platelet:PRBC ratios. However, patients receiving a >1:2 ratio of FFP:PRBCs or a >1:2 ratio PLT:PRBCs had significantly decreased ICU-free days and ventilator-free days" ]

[ "Early initiation of a high ratio massive transfusion can lower trauma patient mortality by 80%. Long transport times from rural Level IV trauma centers therefore require that damage control resuscitation begin before patient transfer. This study evaluates the current use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) at Level IV trauma centers and the feasibility of implementing trauma transfusion protocols at these centers. Demographic and clinical data were collected for trauma patients at all state Level IV trauma centers who would have met criteria for massive transfusion protocol (MTP) activation based on the Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) score. All state Level IV trauma centers were also surveyed to determine availability of blood bank plasma resources. A total of 760 adult trauma patients presented to a Level IV trauma center during the study period. Three hundred sixty-eight patients (48.4%) were transferred to a higher level of care. Because FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma) results were not available in the state registry data, we included all blunt trauma patients with an ABC score of 1 as \"potential ABC-positive patients.\" Forty-two (5.5%) patients were potentially ABC positive. Fifteen of 22 Level IV centers responded to our survey. Seventy-three percent of respondents have FFP available. Mean time to FFP availability was 63.1 min. Median total length of stay from registration to emergency department discharge for potentially ABC-positive patients was 2 hr. Because most Level IV trauma centers have FFP and thaw times are such that administration would not delay transport to a higher level of care, we recommend implementation of MTPs at Level IV trauma centers to reduce hemorrhage-associated mortality.", "The prognostic value of a high platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been reported in patients with non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and different oncologic disorders. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the PLR for left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in patients with non-ST elevated acute coronary syndrome (NST-ACS). A total of 220 patients with NST-ACS were included in the study. The study population was divided into tertiles based on admission PLR values. High (n=73) and low PLR (n=147) groups were defined as patients having values in the third tertile (>135.6) and lower 2 tertiles (≤ 135.6), respectively. Left ventricular dysfunction was defined as ejection fraction ≤ 40%, and related variables were evaluated by backward conditional binary logistic regression analysis. The patients in the high PLR group were older (p<0.001) and had a higher rate of previous myocardial infarction and NSTEMI (p=0.046, p=0.013, respectively). There were significantly more coronary arteries narrowed (p=0.001) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p<0.001) in the high PLR group. Baseline platelet levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) and triglyceride and lymphocyte levels were significantly lower (p=0.009 and p<0.001, respectively) in the high PLR group. PLR>135.6 was found to be an independent predictor of systolic dysfunction in the multivariate analyses (β: 0.306, 95% confidence interval: 0.151-0.619; p=0.001)" ]

[ "BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Axial-loaded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can partially simulate the lumbar spine in patients in a standing position and potentially provides additional imaging findings that cannot be obtained with conventional MRI in the clinical assessment of patients with degenerative lumbar disease. Previous studies have shown that axial-loaded MRI demonstrates a significant reduction in the size of the dural sac compared with conventional MRI. However, there has been no study to compare the degree of olisthesis among conventional MRI, axial-loaded MRI, and upright X-ray imaging in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS).PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to determine whether axial-loaded MRI can demonstrate similar positional changes in lumbar olisthesis as those detected on upright lateral X-ray in patients with DS.STUDY DESIGN: This is an imaging cohort study.PATIENT SAMPLE: A total of 43 consecutive patients with DS exhibiting olisthesis of 3 mm or more on X-ray images in the standing position were prospectively evaluated in this study.OUTCOME MEASURES: The degree of olisthesis, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and percentage of patients exhibiting olisthesis of 3 mm or more on MRI.METHODS: The degree of olisthesis was measured on conventional MRI, axial-loaded MRI, and lateral X-ray imaging performed in the upright position. The degree of olisthesis was compared among the three imaging techniques. The ICC values for the measurements of olisthesis between X-ray studies and conventional and axial-loaded MRI were calculated and compared. The percentage of patients exhibiting olisthesis of 3 mm or more was compared between conventional MRI and axial-loaded MRI.RESULTS: The degree of olisthesis on axial-loaded MRI (5.92.5 mm) was significantly greater than that observed on conventional MRI (4.42.4 mm) (p<.05) although the degrees on conventional and axial-loaded MRI were significantly smaller than that on upright X-ray images (7.12.8 mm) (p<.05). The ICC between axial-loaded MRI and X-ray imaging (0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.85) was considerably greater than that observed between conventional MRI and X-ray imaging (0.40, 95% confidence interval: 0.11-0.62). The percentage of patients exhibiting olisthesis of 3 mm or more was significantly higher on axial-loaded MRI (91%) than on conventional MRI (63%) (p<.01).CONCLUSIONS: Axial-loaded MRI demonstrates a significantly larger degree of olisthesis than conventional MRI. In addition, the degree of olisthesis on axial-loaded MRI was found to be more strongly correlated with that observed on X-ray studies in the upright position. Furthermore, the use of axial-loaded MRI significantly reduced the misdiagnosis of olisthesis of 3 mm or more that was detected on X-ray imaging. These results suggest that axial-loaded MRI may be superior to identify the olisthesis of the lumbar spine and show the degrees of olisthesis correlated to those detected on upright X-ray imaging. Further studies should be needed to clarify the actual value of these findings on axial-loaded MRI and provide the evidence to support its clinical significance in the assessment of patients with DS." ]

[ "PURPOSE: The kinematical properties of C5/C6 segments in axial rotation are evaluated before and after total disc arthroplasty (TDA) with PRESTIGE-and BRYAN Cervical Disc (Medtronic) under flexion/extension as parameters and compared with those of C3/C4.METHODS: Eight human segments were stimulated by triangularly varying, axially directed torque (T z(t)) under compressing static axial preloads. Using a 6D-measuring device with high resolution, the response of segmental motion was characterized by the instantaneous helical axis (IHA). The position, direction, and migration path length of the IHA were measured before and after TDA (parameter: position of the axially directed preload).RESULTS: The periodic torque T z(t) generated IHA migrations whereupon the IHA direction was constantly rotated to the dorsal by ?15.5. After TDA, the IHA0 (neutral positions) were significantly shifted to the dorsal (PRESTIGE: 4.3mm, BRYAN: 7.0mm) just as the points of balance of the entire IHA migration paths.CONCLUSIONS: Due to the configuration of the vertebral joints and their interaction with the intervertebral disc, the IHA migrates during the axial rotation within a distinct domain of each C5/C6-segment. Implantation of the PRESTIGE and BRYAN prostheses significantly alters these kinematical properties by dorsal displacements of the domains. Statistically TDA of C3/C4 and of C5/C6 are not correlated. Under axial rotation of the cervical spine, additional lateral and/or ventral/dorsal displacements are produced by TDA. Consequently, adjacent level disease (ALD) may be mechanically stimulated.", "Axial compressive loads whose direction changes along the spinal curvature (so called compressive follower loads (CFLs)) was postulated as a normal physiological load in the lumbar spine in the literature. Computational analyses were conducted in this study using finite element and optimization models of the spinal system incorporating 244 fascicles of back muscles. It was feasible to find optimum solutions for spinal muscle forces generating CFLs in the lumbar spine in 3-D postures of neutral standing, flexion 40, extension 10, axial rotation 10, or lateral bending 30. FE analyses demonstrated that the lumbar spine can be in a stable condition not under all CFL generating muscle forces but under those producing CFLs along a curve parallel to the spinal curvature located in the vicinity of the base spinal curve constructed by connecting the geometrical centers of the vertebral bodies. It was also possible to estimate the stable range of the relative location of such CFL curve to the base spinal curve. These results suggest that the lumbar spine in various 3-D postures can be stabilized by spinal muscles that generate CFLs in the spine, which at least in part supports the hypothesis of CFLs as a physiological load in the lumbar spine. 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3004-3012, 2018." ]

[ " If you are a carrier of sickle cell, malaria has difficulty properly infecting you, and even when infected you recover quicker and with less symptoms.\n\nYou survive a malaria outbreak with others, you all do what survivors do, 9 months later babies born with a pair of the carrier gene express sickle cell and are sick. \n\nNatural selection selects for sickle cell because sickle cell is a survival trait. You see similar for Cystic Fibrosis in Caucasian populations where there's a high level of certain toxins which a CF carrier can deal with due to some unique mucosa/gut traits.\n\nPut 2 carriers together, and you have someone with a terrible disorder.", " Besides the malaria thing, sickle cell isn't usually fatal in childhood. Anything that doesn't prevent you from reproducing natural selection has a hard time weeding out." ]

[ " Lots of diseases are good for you. The two that come to my mind immediately are cystic fibrosis and sickle cell.\n\nFor sickle cell, being even a heterozygote makes you virtually immune to malaria. They believe that's what that particular disorder was selected for. Sickle cell was most seen in areas that are endemic for malaria. That's why the percentage is so high in black people. \n\nFor cystic fibrosis, it is thought that it prevents the devastating effects of vibrio cholerae. If your ion channels are messed up, you can't get the voluminous diarrhea. CF is also seen more in white people.", " Disclaimer: I am not an expert on genetics, nor am I an expert on malaria. I only know what I know from the few years I spent as a biology student and from what I've read about malaria online. If I am wrong about any of this, PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE correct me. I'd rather be chided for telling a half-truth or untruth than give someone incorrect information. Thank you. Also, sorry, I'm not really explaining it like you're five, I'm more just giving a semi-technical explanation.\n\nSimply put, there is a link between sickle cell being prevalent and areas where malaria is commonplace, and this is because people with the sickle cell trait tend to be more resistant to malaria. The precise mechanisms are unknown, but you can find plenty of info by googling \"are people with sickle cell more resistant to malaria.\"\n\nTo get into a little deeper detail, you first need to know some introductory genetics. Many traits are passed down via alleles, which are forms of a gene (formed by mutations - hair color, eye color, and many other traits are determined by alleles. Eye color is a very common example) that get passed down by your parents. For any given allele, there's usually only one version per parent/chromosome. \n\nThere are many different ways that alleles can react with each other, but we'll look at the sickle cell allele simply as a \"has it\" or \"doesn't have it\" allele, in which having one \"has it\" allele and one \"doesn't have it\" results in mild sickle cell, two \"has it\" alleles result in severe sickle cell, and two \"doesn't have it\" alleles result in no sickle cell. This may be wrong, so as with any of this, I ask that someone please correct me if I'm wrong. I haven't dealt with genetics in a while, and I've never formally learned about the way sickle cell is passed on. \n\nSo assuming that the sickle cell trait is inherited purely by the presence of one of two possible alleles in a person, we can map out a simple Punnet square. That's a little tough to do without fancy formatting, so bear with me. So the two possible alleles for this will be \"S\", which codes for \"has it\", and \"s\", which codes for \"doesn't have it.\" Assuming that both parents have mild sickle cell (Ss), there are 3 possible outcomes for offspring, with different likelihoods:\nSS (25% chance) = severe sickle cell - while highly resistant to malaria, significant complications can result from the severe case of sickle cell.\nSs (50% chance) = mild sickle cell - resistant to malaria, but there is a chance of complications from the sickle cell disease.\nss (25% chance) = no sickle cell - no longer resistant to malaria, but also no sickle cell.\n\nIf one parent had the genotype SS and the other ss, you'd see a distribution of 100% Ss alleles. If one was SS and the other Ss or one ss and the other Ss, it'd be 50% SS, and 50% Ss.\n\nSo an answer why the \"races\" found in those regions are more susceptible to sickle cell is the same as why they have darker skin than Europeans: it's an adaptation to their environment. While sickle cell doesn't necessarily seem like a beneficial adaptation, it became so prevalent because it gave those with it a better chance of successfully reproducing. And ever since then, it's been passed down through the generations - even in areas without malaria - because we've found ways to treat it instead of letting everyone with sickle cell die young because of it. \n\nThe percentage distributions I listed above are by no means absolute, either. They're just in a perfect statistical world. So while you'd expect a much larger portion of the population to carry a sickle cell allele, but in reality, it turns out to be a far lower number." ]

[ "Exeter, New Hampshire \"Exeter, New Hampshire From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Exeter, New Hampshire Water Street in downtown Exeter Seal Location in Rockingham County and the state of New Hampshire. Coordinates: 42°58′53″N 70°56′52″WCoordinates: 42°58′53″N 70°56′52″WCountry United States State New Hampshire County Rockingham Settled April 3, 1638Incorporated 1638Government• Select Board Julie Gilman, Chair Anne Surman Kathy Corson Molly Cowan Don Clement• Town Manager Russell Dean Area• Total 20.0 sq mi (51.8 km 2)• Land 19.7 sq mi (50.9 km 2)• Water 0.4 sq mi (1.0 km 2) 1.85%Elevation 33 ft (10 m)Population (2010)• Total 14,306• Density 729.9/sq mi (281.8/km 2)Time zone Eastern ( UTC-5)• Summer ( DST) Eastern ( UTC-4)ZIP code 03833Area code (s) 603FIPS code 33-25380GNIS feature ID 0873595Website www .exeternh .gov Exeter is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The town's population was 14,306 at the 2010 census. [1] Exeter was the county seat until 1997, when county offices were moved to neighboring Brentwood. Home to the Phillips Exeter Academy, a private university-preparatory school, Exeter is situated where the Exeter River feeds the tidal Squamscott River. The urban portion of the town, where 9,242 people resided at the 2010 census, [1] is defined by the U. S. Census Bureau as the Exeter census-designated place. Exeter is named after the historic city in Devon, England. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Geography3 Demographics4 Transportation5 Economy6 Notable people7 See also8 Sites of interest9 References10 External links11 Further reading History [ edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Gilman Garrison House in 1906The area was once the domain of the Squamscott Native Americans, a sub-tribe of the Pennacook nation, which fished at the falls where the Exeter River becomes the tidal Squamscott, the site around which the future town of Exeter would grow. On April 3, 1638, the Reverend John Wheelwright and others purchased the land from Wehanownowit, the sagamore. Wheelwright had been exiled by the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a puritan theocracy, for sharing the dissident religious views of his sister-in-law, Anne Hutchinson. The minister took with him about 175 individuals to found the town he named after Exeter [2] in Devon, England. Local government was linked with Massachusetts until New Hampshire became a separate colony in 1679, but counties weren't introduced until 1769. One of the four original townships in the province, Exeter originally included Newmarket, Newfields, Brentwood, Epping and Fremont. On July 4, 1639, 35 freemen of Exeter signed the Exeter Combination, a document written by Reverend Wheelwright to establish their own government. [3] The settlers hunted, planted and fished. Others tended cattle and swine, or made shakes and barrel staves. Thomas Wilson established the first grist mill on the eastern side of the island in the lower falls. This mill was established within the first season of settling in Exeter, and his son Humphrey assumed control of the mill in 1643, when Thomas died. [4]Some early Exeter settlers came from Hingham, Massachusetts, including the Gilman, Folsom and Leavitt families. [5] [6] In 1647, Edward Gilman, Jr. established the first sawmill, and by 1651 Gilman had his own 50-ton sloop with which to conduct his burgeoning business in lumber, staves and masts. Although he was lost at sea in 1653 while traveling to England to purchase equipment for his mills, [7] his family later became prominent as lumbermen, shipbuilders, merchants and statesmen. [8] [9]The Gilman Garrison House, a National Historic Landmark, and the American Independence Museum were both former homes of the Gilman family. [10] [11] The Gilman family also donated the land on which Phillips Exeter Academy stands, including the Academy's original Yard, the oldest part of campus. [12] The Gilmans of Exeter also furnished America with one of its founding fathers, Nicholas Gilman, and the state of New Hampshire with treasurers, a governor, representatives to the General Assembly and judges to the General Court. [13] [14]A Declaration of Rights and Plan of Government for the State of New-Hampshire, adopted by New Hampshire Convention at Exeter, June 1779The Gilman family began trading as far as the West Indies with ships they owned out of Portsmouth. It was a high-stakes business. In an 1803 voyage, for instance, the 180-ton clipper 'Oliver Peabody,' owned by Gov. John Taylor Gilman, Oliver Peabody, Col. Gilman Leavitt and others, was boarded by brigs belonging to the Royal Navy under command of Admiral Horatio Nelson. Enforcing a blockade against the French, Nelson offered ship Captain Stephen Gilman of Exeter a glass of wine and paid him for his cargo in Spanish dollars. [15] The trip demonstrates how far afield the ambitious merchants of Exeter reached in their trading forays. Exeter suffered its last Indian raid in August 1723 and by 1725 the tribes had left the area. In 1774 the rebellious Provincial Congress began to meet in the Exeter Town House after Colonial Governor John Wentworth banned it from the colonial capitol at Portsmouth. In July 1775, the Provincial Congress had the provincial records seized from royal officials in Portsmouth and brought to Exeter as well. And so Exeter became New Hampshire's capital, an honor it held for 14 years. [16]In 1827, the Exeter Manufacturing Company was established beside the river, using water power to produce cotton textiles. Other businesses would manufacture shoes, saddles, harnesses, lumber, boxes, bricks, carriages and bicycles. In 1836, the last schooner was launched at Exeter. In 1840, the Boston & Maine Railroad entered the town. According to former governor Hugh Gregg, the United States Republican Party was born in Exeter on October 12, 1853, at the Squamscott Hotel at a secret meeting of Amos Tuck with other abolitionists. At this meeting, Tuck proposed forming a new political party to be called Republican. Upon learning of Tuck's meeting, in December 1853, Horace Greeley said \"\"I think 'Republican' would be the best name, it will sound both Jeffersonian and Madisonian, and for that reason will take well.\"\" [17]Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president, visited Exeter in 1860. His son, Robert Todd Lincoln, was attending Phillips Exeter Academy, the college preparatory school founded in 1781 by Dr. John Phillips. The town was also once home to the Robinson Female Seminary, established in 1867 and previously known as the Exeter Female Academy (established in 1826). Its landmark Second Empire schoolhouse, completed in 1869, burned in 1961. In September 1965 Exeter earned a place in UFO history when two Exeter police officers, Eugene Bertrand and David Hunt, witnessed a bright red UFO at close range with a local teenager, Norman Muscarello. Their sighting attracted national publicity and became the focus of a bestselling book, Incident at Exeter, by journalist John G. Fuller. The Air Force eventually admitted to the three men that it had been unable to identify the strange object they had observed, and it is still considered by many UFO buffs to be one of the most impressive UFO sightings on record. Phillips Church in 1911Exeter has a considerable inventory of structures by prominent architects. Arthur Gilman, descendant of one of Exeter's founding families, designed the Old Town Hall of 1855. The Old Public Library of 1894, which now is home to the Exeter Historical Society, was designed by the Boston firm of Rotch & Tilden. Ralph Adams Cram, who trained with Rotch & Tilden, designed both Phillips Church, built in 1897, and Tuck High School, built in 1911. His firm of Cram & Ferguson designed the entire Phillips Exeter Academy campus between 1908 and 1950. More recent is the noted Academy Library, built in 1971 to the design of Louis I. Kahn. Daniel Chester French, sculptor and Exeter native, created the town's war memorial in 1922. He is best known for his statue of Abraham Lincoln in Washington, D. C.at the Lincoln Memorial, which was designed by Henry Bacon, who also designed in 1916 the Swasey Pavilion at Exeter's town square. Other features of the town include the Swasey Parkway, which replaced wharves and warehouses along the Squamscott River, and the Ioka Theatre of 1915 on Water Street. The latter was built by Edward Mayer, an Exeter judge and resident. Mayer's opening feature was The Birth of a Nation, by D. W. Griffith. The theatre's curious name was proposed in a contest by a young woman with an enthusiasm for Scouting. Ioka was a Native American word meaning playground. Town Offices c. 1912Squamscott Falls in 1907Phillips Exeter in 1910Linden Street c. 1909Current photograph of Exeter Town Hall - Sept 2008Powder House, 1936Giddings Tavern, 1935Liberty Emery House, 1935Simeon Folsom House, 1935First Congregational Church, c. 1870Lower falls in winter, c. 1870Town Hall, c. 1870Bellows House, Front Street, c. 1870Robinson Female Seminary, now defunct, c. 1870Front Street, c. 1870Phillips Exeter Academy, c. 1870Geography [ edit]According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 20.0 square miles (52 km 2 ), of which 19.6 sq mi (51 km 2) is land and 0.4 sq mi (1.0 km 2) is water, comprising 1.85% of the town. Exeter is drained by the Exeter River, which feeds the Squamscott River. The highest point in Exeter is 250 feet (76 m) above sea level on Great Hill at the town's southwest corner. Exeter lies fully within the Piscataqua River (Coastal) watershed. [18]Demographics [ edit]Historical population Census Pop. %±1790 1,722 —1800 1,727 0.3%1810 1,759 1.9%1820 2,114 20.2%1830 2,759 30.5%1840 2,925 6.0%1850 3,329 13.8%1860 3,309 −0.6%1870 3,347 1.1%1880 3,569 6.6%1890 4,284 20.0%1900 4,922 14.9%1910 4,897 −0.5%1920 4,604 −6.0%1930 4,872 5.8%1940 5,398 10.8%1950 5,664 4.9%1960 7,243 27.9%1970 8,892 22.8%1980 11,024 24.0%1990 12,481 13.2%2000 14,058 12.6%2010 14,306 1.8%Est. 2015 14,567 [19] 1.8%U. S. Decennial Census [20]Exeter High School As of the census of 2010, there were 14,306 people, 6,114 households, and 3,729 families residing in the town. The population density was 729.9 people per square mile (281.1/km²). There were 6,496 housing units at an average density of 331.4 per square mile (127.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.5% White, 0.6% African American, 0.1% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.2% some other race, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.77% of the population. [21]There were 6,114 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were headed by married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28, and the average family size was 2.92. [21]In the town, the age distribution of the population was 22.6% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 30.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.3 years. For every 100 females there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males. [21]For the period 2007-11, the estimated median annual income for a household in the town was $68,777, and the median income for a family was $95,435. Male full-time workers had a median income of $64,632 versus $41,088 for females. The per capita income for the town was $38,018. About 2.5% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.2% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over. [22]Transportation [ edit]The Amtrak Downeaster stops at Exeter, providing passenger rail service to Portland and Boston. Exeter is served by four exits (9–12) from Route 101, and Interstate 95 is about 5 miles (8 km) to the east. Routes 27, 85, 108, 111, and 111A meet at the town's center, and Route 88 is on the east side of the town. Economy [ edit]In 1990 the SIGARMS, Inc. company moved to Exeter. When it was bought by Michael Lüke and Thomas Ortmeier in October 2000, the name was changed to SIG Sauer Inc. Today, SIG Sauer is the largest of the five companies and one of the largest firearms manufacturing entities in the world. [23] The global headquarters for Bauer Hockey is located in Exeter, [24] as is the company Gourmet Gift Baskets. [25]Notable people [ edit]Main article: List of people from Exeter, New Hampshire See also [ edit]List of newspapers in New Hampshire in the 18th century: Exeter The Exeter Inn Sites of interest [ edit]American Independence Museum Exeter Congregational Church, founded 1638Christ Episcopal Church, founded 1865The Exeter Historical Society & Museum Gilman Garrison House (1709)Phillips Exeter Academy Exeter High School References [ edit]^ a b United States Census Bureau, American Fact Finder, 2010 Census figures. Retrieved March 23, 2011.^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 122.^ Fitts, James Hill (1912). History of Newfields, New Hampshire, 1638-1911. Concord, NH: The Rumford Press. p. 22. Retrieved 22 October 2010.^ Bell, Charles H. (1888). History of the Town of Exeter, New Hampshire. Boston, MA: J. E. Farwell. pp. 317–318. Retrieved 22 October 2010.^ Lincoln, Solomon (1827). History of the Town of Hingham, Plymouth County, Massachusetts. Hingham, MA: Farmer and Brown. pp. 174–175.^ John Leavitt, founding deacon of Old Ship Church in Hingham, was granted land in Exeter in 1652, but there is no sign that he took up residence. But his sons Moses and Samuel Leavitt moved to Exeter, presumably to be closer to their maternal grandfather, Edward Gilman Sr. \"\"WALF Memoriam to the Children of John Leavitt and Sarah Gilman, Hingham Cemetery, Hingham, Massachusetts\"\". Flickr. Retrieved 22 October 2010.^ Savage, James; John Farmer; Orrando Perry Dexter (1860). A Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England, Vol. II. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company.^ Perley, Sidney (July 1905). \"\"Suffolk County Deeds, Vol. 1\"\". The Essex Antiquarian. Salem, MA. IX (3): 103. Retrieved 22 October 2010.^ Perley, Sidney (July 1897). \"\"Old Norfolk County Records\"\". The Essex Antiquarian. Salem, MA. I (7): 115. Retrieved 22 October 2010.^ \"\"Gilman Garrison House\"\". Historic New England. Historic New England. Retrieved 2010-10-22.^ \"\"The Ladd-Gilman House\"\". The American Independence Museum. Archived from the original on 2011-07-10. Retrieved 2010-10-22.^ Gilman, Alexander (1895). Searches Into the History of the Gillman or Gilman family. London: E. Stock. p. 214. Retrieved 22 October 2010.^ Merrill, Nancy. \"\"The Gilmans of Exeter\"\". Seacoast NH.com. Retrieved 2010-10-22.^ Bell, Charles Henry. John Taylor Gilman, M. D., Portland Maine: A memorial for the family.^ Brewster, Charles Warren (1869). Rambles About Portsmouth. Portsmouth, NH: Lewis W. Brewster. p. 291. Retrieved 22 October 2010.^ \"\"Exeter - Its History\"\". American Independence Museum. Retrieved March 23, 2015.^ \"\"Birth of the Republican Party\"\", H. Gregg^ Foster, Debra H.; Batorfalvy, Tatianna N.; Medalie, Laura (1995). Water Use in New Hampshire: An Activities Guide for Teachers. U. S. Department of the Interior and U. S. Geological Survey.^ \"\"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015\"\". Retrieved July 2, 2016.^ \"\"Census of Population and Housing\"\". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2016.^ a b c \"\"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Exeter town, Rockingham County, New Hampshire\"\". U. S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved March 4, 2013.^ \"\"Selected Economic Characteristics: 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (DP03): Exeter town, Rockingham County, New Hampshire\"\". U. S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved March 4, 2013.^ \"\"History - Sig Sauer\"\".^ \"\"Contact Us/FAQ - BAUER\"\". www.bauer.com.^ Cousineau, Michael (January 15, 2017). \"\"Construction firms are back in demand in NH - New Hampshire\"\". New Hampshire Union Leader. External links [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Exeter, New Hampshire. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Exeter, New Hampshire. Wikisource has the text of an 1879 American Cyclopædia article about Exeter, New Hampshire. Town of Exeter official website Exeter Historical Society SAU 16, Exeter Area School District Exeter Public Library New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile Squamscott Community Commons, community center in progress Further reading [ edit]Cross-Grained & Wiley Waters: A Guide to the Piscataqua Maritime Region, Jeffrey W. Bolster, Editor; Peter Randall Publisher, Portsmouth, 2001Exeter New Hampshire 1888-1988, Nancy C. Merrill; Peter E. Randall, Publisher, Exeter, NH 1988History of Exeter, New Hampshire, Charles H. Bell, Exeter, NH 1888; Reprinted by Heritage Books, 1990Images of America: Exeter, Carol Walker Aten; Arcadia Publishers, Dover, NH, 1996, reprint 1998Ports of Piscataqua: Soundings in the Maritime History of the Portsmouth, N. H., Customs District from the Days of Queen Elizabeth and the Planting of Strawberry Banke to the Times of Abraham Lincoln and the Waning of the American Clipper, William Gurdon Saltonstall, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1941Postcards from Exeter, Carol Walker Aten; Arcadia Publishers, Dover, NH, 2003The Exeter-Squamscott: River of Many Uses, Olive Tardiff; Peter E. Randall, Publisher, Exeter, NH 1986, 2004 [ show]Places adjacent to Exeter, New Hampshire [ show]v t e Municipalities and communities of Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States [ show]v t e Region of Greater Boston Authority control World Cat Identities VIAF: 146565652 GND: 4442962-9Categories: Former state capitals in the United States Towns in Rockingham County, New Hampshire Exeter, New Hampshire Towns in New Hampshire 1638 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies \"" ]

[ "Directions to Middlebury Directions to Middlebury Middlebury College is located in west-central Vermont in the town of Middlebury. The town of Middlebury is a 2 1/2 hour drive from Montreal, about 4 hours from both Boston and Hartford, 5 hours from New York City, and 6 1/2 hours from Philadelphia. There are a number of transportation options available for getting to Middlebury. From Burlington International Airport: Coming out of the airport turn left on Airport Road. At the stop light, cross the intersection onto Kennedy Drive. At the second light enter Rt. 189, (West to Rt. 7). At intersection of Rt. 7 turn left and continue south to Middlebury (30 miles). At the large white Congregational Church turn right, continue through town bearing right onto Rt. 125; Go past St. Mary's Church and the College is on the left. From New York I-87 (Northway) North to Exit 20. Go east on Rt. 149 (Glens Falls area) to Rt. 4 (Whitehall, NY) to Vermont. At Exit 4 (Castleton, VT take Rt. 30 North to Middlebury. From Connecticut: I-91 North to Springfield/Ludlow VT Exit. Then take Rt. 103 to Rt. 7 (Rutland) and go North on Rt. 7 to Middlebury. From Maine: I-95 South to Exeter, NH. Take Rt. 101 West to Concord, NH. Take I-93 North to I-89 North into Vermont. At Queechee, VT (Exit 1) take Rt. 4 west to Rt. 7 (Rutland). Then North on Rt. 7 to Middlebury. Or Stay on I-89 to North Bethel, VT (Exit 3). Take Rt. 107 West to 100 North to 125 West (over Middlebury Mountain) to Middlebury. From Eastern Massachusetts: I-93 North to I-89 North into Vermont. Take Exit 1 (Queechee) to Rt. 4 West ot Rt. 7 North to Middlebury. Or Stay on I-89 to North Bethel, VT (Exit 3). Take Rt. 107 West to 100 North to 125 West (over Middlebury Mountain) to Middlebury. From Central Massachusetts: I-91 North to Springfield/Ludlow, Vt Exit. Take Rt. 103 to Rt. 7 North (Rutland) then North on Rt. 7 to Middlebury. From Western Massachusetts: At Pittsfield, MA take Rt. 7 North to Middlebury" ]

[ "Three types of bending tests -the 3-point bending test, 4-point bending test and biaxial flexural test- were performed to examine the correlations among the testing methods for dental hard resins (HRs). The results for 5 HRs showed that the bending strengths in descending order were: biaxial flexural strength>3-point bending strength>4-point bending strength. Regression analysis of the test methods indicated that the coefficients of determination were large for all test methods; the largest was for the combination of the 4-point bending test and biaxial flexural tests. The Weibull moduli ranged from 5.42 to 10.61, and a similar descending-order trend was found in the Weibull characteristic strength (S0) of the test methods. The biaxial flexural test method is thus a valid test of the flexural strength of dental hard resins." ]

[ "There are a variety of options to test postural stability; however many physical tests lack validity information. Two tests of postural stability - the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Biodex Balance System Limits of Stability Test (LOS) - were examined to determine if similar components of balance were measured. Healthy adults (n=31) completed the LOS (levels 6 and 12) and SEBT (both legs). SEBT directions were offset by 180 to approximate LOS direction. Correlations and partial correlations controlling for height were analyzed. Correlations were significant for SEBT 45 and LOS back-left (6: r=-0.41; 12: r=-0.42; p<0.05), SEBT 90 and LOS 6 left (r=-0.51, p<0.05), SEBT 135(o) and LOS 6 front-left (r=-0.53, p<0.05), SEBT overall and LOS 6 overall (r=-0.43, p<0.05). Partial correlations were significant for SEBT 90 and LOS 6 left (rSEBT,LOSH=-0.45, p<0.05) and SEBT 135 and LOS 6 front-left (rSEBT,LOSH=-0.51, p<0.05), and SEBT overall and LOS 6 overall (rSEBT,LOSH=-0.37, p<0.05). These findings indicate the tests seem to assess different components of balance. Research is needed to determine and define what specific components of balance are being assessed. Care must be taken when choosing balance tests to best match the test to the purpose of testing (fall risk, athletic performance, etc.).", "Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction and Balance (CTSIB) is a simplified method for investigating the organization of multiple sensory inputs in postural control. The accuracy of the test is based partly on the foam types. Several types of foam are available, but the validity of these foams on CTSIB and the interaction of age and foam types have not been addressed. In this study, postural sway of young (21.6 3.3 years) and older (53.2 4.9 years) participants were assessed while standing on four types of foam: NeuroCom(), sponge, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), and memory foams. Postural sway during stance on solid floor and foams with eyes open and eyes closed were quantified by root-mean-square (RMS) of center of body mass acceleration in the mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) directions using the acceleration-based OPAL system. Physical properties of foams including density, Young's modulus, and indentation force deflection (IFD) were determined. Results demonstrated that RMS-ML in older subjects was larger than younger subjects (p ? 0.001), especially when standing on the NeuroCom() foam with eyes closed (p = 0.001). There was an interaction of age and foam types as larger differences in RMS-ML were observed between young and older subjects on the NeuroCom() and EVA foams, but not the other foams. The sway characteristics were largest when standing on the NeuroCom() foam which demonstrated high density and high compliance. Our findings suggested the importance of foam selection in CTSIB on accurate postural sway analysis and balance assessment." ]

[ "The half-life of the Metoprolol is between 3 to 7 hours... Read More. Metoprolol side effects usually include dry mouth, constipation, heartburn, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased sex drive, impotence, or difficulty having an orgasm, headache, drowsiness, tired feeling, sleep problems or anxiety and nervousness." ]

[ "What are the possible side effects of metoprolol (Lopressor, Metoprolol Succinate ER, Metoprolol Tartrate, Toprol-XL)? Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.", "It is used to treat angina (chest pain), hypertension (high blood pressure), and to treat or prevent heart attack. Some of the side effects that may be experienced with metoprolol include: low blood pressure, slow heart rate, rash or itching, shortness of breath, dizziness, drowsiness, and depression.etoprolol ER (metoprolol succinate, extended release) is in a drug class called beta blockers. Metoprolol ER is used alone or combined with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Metoprolol ER is also used for the long-term management of angina. Metoprolol ER is also used to treat heart failure." ]

[ "Also called plot points. These are the twists and turns, the important events that complicate or even reverse the action, such as cliffhangers, revelations, and crises. The Two Main Plot Points. Although there may be dozens of turning points in a movie, there are two main turning points on which the movie turns. I call the first major turning point the Big Event because it is a “big event” that dramatically affects the central character’s life." ]

[ "Your Script Outline — Plot Point #4: Midpoint. The midpoint, as its name implies, occurs (a) at the middle of your screenplay, as a whole and (b) at the middle of Act Two, in specific. It changes the entire direction of your story.", "A community for students. Which plot element is the turning point in the conflict where the main character must make a decision or take action that determines the direction of the story? a. falling action b. resolution c. climax d. exposition. Which do you think it is? d? Exposition is the background of the story and is at the beginning." ]

[ "Wrap the lid in a dish towel or rubber glove. If brute force doesn’t work, give your self some extra traction by wrapping the lid in dish rag, or better yet, a rubber glove. 3. Break the vacuum seal. If the bottle is new and still vacuumed sealed, breaking the seal makes the lid easier to open. You can do this by using a bottle opener and pulling the lid away from the jar. 4. Run the lid under hot water. Running the lid under hot water for a minute will cause the metal to expand so the lid comes off more easily." ]

[ "1 If you're holding the bottle in your right hand, use your right hip or the right side of your torso. Consider holding the cork with a kitchen towel. This can help you apply friction, making it easier to catch and contain the cork as it pops out of the bottle. The towel may also protect against a spill.", "Wedge the bulbous end of the cork deep into the palm of your non-dominant hand. 1 Support the base of the bottle against your hip. If you're holding the bottle in your right hand, use your right hip or the right side of your torso. Consider holding the cork with a kitchen towel." ]

[ "We recently showed that the peripheral cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CNR1) gene is upregulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. CNR1 is highly expressed in the central nervous system and has been a drug target for the treatment of obesity. Here we explore the role of peripheral CNR1 in states of insulin resistance in human adipose tissue. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from well-controlled type 2 diabetes subjects and controls. Subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression levels of CNR1 and endocannabinoid synthesizing and degrading enzymes were assessed. Furthermore, paired human subcutaneous adipose tissue and omental adipose tissue from non-diabetic volunteers undergoing kidney donation or bariatric surgery, was incubated with or without dexamethasone. Subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained from volunteers through needle biopsy was incubated with or without dexamethasone and in the presence or absence of the CNR1-specific antagonist AM281. CNR1 gene and protein expression, lipolysis and glucose uptake were evaluated. Subcutaneous adipose tissue CNR1 gene expression levels were 2-fold elevated in type 2 diabetes subjects compared with control subjects. Additionally, gene expression levels of CNR1 and endocannabinoid-regulating enzymes from both groups correlated with markers of insulin resistance. Dexamethasone increased CNR1 expression dose-dependently in subcutaneous adipose tissue and omental adipose tissue by up to 25-fold. Dexamethasone pre-treatment of subcutaneous adipose tissue increased lipolysis rate and reduced glucose uptake. Co-incubation with the CNR1 antagonist AM281 prevented the stimulatory effect on lipolysis, but had no effect on glucose uptake. CNR1 is upregulated in states of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Furthermore, CNR1 is involved in glucocorticoid-regulated lipolysis. Peripheral CNR1 could be an interesting drug target in type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia." ]

[ "It is urgent that the means to improve liver regeneration (LR) be found, while mitigating the concurrent risk of hepatocarcinogenesis (HCG). Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) is a co-repressor of nuclear receptors, which regulates the expression level of metabolic genes; however, little is known about its potential contribution for LR and HCG. Here, we found that liver-specific NCoR1 knockout in mice (NCoR1hep ) dramatically enhances LR after partial hepatectomy and, surprisingly, blocks the process of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCG. Both RNA-sequencing and metabolic assay results revealed improved expression of Fasn and Acc2 in NCoR1hep mice, suggesting the critical role of de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in LR. Continual enhanced de novo FAS in NCoR1hep mice resulted in overwhelmed adenosine triphosphate ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) consumption and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which subsequently attenuated HCG through inducing apoptosis of hepatocytes at an early stage after DEN administration.CONCLUSION: NCoR1 functions as a negative modulator for hepatic de novo FAS and mitochondria energy adaptation, playing distinct roles in regeneration or carcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2018;67:1071-1087).", "Early growth response transcription factor Egr1 controls multiple aspects of cell physiology and metabolism. In particular, Egr1 suppresses lipolysis and promotes fat accumulation in adipocytes by inhibiting the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase. According to current dogma, regulation of the Egr1 expression takes place primarily at the level of transcription. Correspondingly, treatment of cultured adipocytes with insulin stimulates expression of Egr1 mRNA and protein. Unexpectedly, the MEK inhibitor PD98059 completely blocks insulin-stimulated increase in the Egr1 mRNA but has only a moderate effect on the Egr1 protein. At the same time, mTORC1 inhibitors rapamycin and PP242 suppress expression of the Egr1 protein and have an opposite effect on the Egr1 mRNA. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts with genetic ablations of TSC2 or 4E-BP1/2 express less Egr1 mRNA but more Egr1 protein than wild type controls. (35)S-labeling has confirmed that translation of the Egr1 mRNA is much more effective in 4E-BP1/2-null cells than in control. A selective agonist of the CB1 receptors, ACEA, up-regulates Egr1 mRNA, but does not activate mTORC1 and does not increase Egr1 protein in adipocytes. These data suggest that although insulin activates both the Erk and the mTORC1 signaling pathways in adipocytes, regulation of the Egr1 expression takes place predominantly via the mTORC1/4E-BP-mediated axis. In confirmation of this model, we show that 4E-BP1/2-null MEFs express less ATGL and accumulate more fat than control cells, while knock down of Egr1 in 4E-BP1/2-null MEFs increases ATGL expression and decreases fat storage." ]

[ "Chlorpheniramine is a pharmaceutical pollutant and a precursor of carcinogenic nitrosamines during disinfection/oxidation. In our previous study, graphene oxide coated with magnetite (GO-Fe3O4) was capable of removing chlorpheniramine in deionized water by adsorption. This study investigated the removal of chlorpheniramine and its nitrosamine formation potentials (FPs) by adsorption onto magnetic GO-Fe3O4, with respect to the influence by using real municipal wastewaters as the background. In the results, the adsorption performances of chlorpheniramine in wastewaters decreased in the order: GO-Fe3O4 suspension > GO-Fe3O4 particles > activated carbon. Chlorpheniramine adsorptions on GO-Fe3O4 particles and activated carbon were reduced by using real wastewaters as the background, whereas chlorpheniramine adsorption on GO-Fe3O4 suspension was enhanced due to the effects of surface charge on GO-Fe3O4 and ionic strength variation in water. The fittings of adsorption isotherms indicated that the wastewater background reduced the surface heterogeneity of GO-Fe3O4 suspension and improved the adsorption performance. Appreciable removal efficiencies of NDMA and other nitrosamine FPs were observed when GO-Fe3O4 particles were added in real wastewaters. However, when chlorpheniramine was present in wastewaters, chlorpheniramine adsorption and degradation reaction simultaneously occurred on the surface of GO-Fe3O4, increasing NDMA and other nitrosamine FPs in wastewaters after GO-Fe3O4 addition for chlorpheniramine adsorption. The assumption was further demonstrated by observing the NDMA-FP increase during chlorpheniramine adsorption on GO-Fe3O4 in deionized water. GO-Fe3O4 is a potential adsorbent for chlorpheniramine removal. Nevertheless, the low treatment efficiencies at high doses limit its application for nitrosamine FP adsorptions in real wastewaters." ]

[ "This study explored the potential of composites organo-bentonite/alginate beads as adsorbents for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4DCP) from aqueous solution. Bentonite was firstly modified with cationic surfactants octadecyltrimethylammonium, hexadecyl trimethylammonium and phenyltrimethylammonium, then encapsulated with calcium alginate to form adsorbent composite beads. X-ray diffraction was used to study the change in the structural properties of the samples. The intercalated cationic surfactants were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption was studied using various operating parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH and initial 2,4DCP concentration. The results showed that the amount of 2,4DCP increased with increasing initial concentration, contact time and temperature indicating that the adsorption process of 2,4DCP onto composites is endothermic. Adsorption of 2,4DCP followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted well the isotherm data, indicating a monolayer homogeneous adsorption. The prepared adsorbents exhibited relatively high adsorption capacity of 142 to 391 mg/g founded by this model.", "Adsorption of aromatic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrobenzenes, phenols, and anilines, on a bamboo biochar produced at 700C (Ba700) was investigated with the mechanism discussion by isotherm fitting using the Polanyi-theory based Dubinin-Ashtakhov (DA) model. Correlations of adsorption capacity (Q(0)) of organic compounds with their molecular sizes and melting points, as well as correlations of adsorption affinity (E) with their solvatochromic parameters (i.e., * and m), on the biochar, were developed and indicating that adsorption is captured by the pore filling mechanism and derived from the hydrophobic effects of organic compounds and the forming of - electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions and hydrogen bonding interactions of organic molecules with surface sites of the biochar. The effects of organic molecular sizes and melting points on adsorption capacity are ascribed to the molecular sieving effect and the packing efficiency of the organic molecules in the biochar pores, respectively. These correlations can be used to quantitatively estimate the adsorption of organic compounds on biochars from their commonly physicochemical properties including solvatochromic parameters, melting points and molecular cross-sectional area. The prediction using these correlations is important for assessing the unknown adsorption behaviors of new organic compounds and also helpful to guide the surface modification of biochars and make targeted selection in the environmental applications of biochars as adsorbents." ]

[ "A swimmer is in the pool at the competition." ]

[ "The pool is empty." ]

[ "I wanted to see it and I was curious to know if you had already seen it." ]

[ "I already knew you hadn't seen it." ]