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biomed_retrieval_dataset

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[ "Epicardial adipose tissue has been associated with several obesity-related parameters and with insulin resistance. Echocardiographic assessment of this tissue is an easy and reliable marker of cardiometabolic risk. However, there are insufficient studies on the relationship between epicardial fat and insulin resistance during the postmenopausal period, when cardiovascular risk increases in women. The objective of this study was to examine the association between epicardial adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue, waist circumference, body mass index, and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women. A cross sectional study was conducted in 34 postmenopausal women with and without metabolic syndrome. All participants underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram and body composition analysis. A positive correlation was observed between epicardial fat and visceral adipose tissue, body mass index, and waist circumference. The values of these correlations of epicardial fat thickness overlying the aorta-right ventricle were r = 0.505 (P < .003), r = 0.545 (P < .001), and r = 0.515 (P < .003), respectively. Epicardial adipose tissue was higher in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome than in those without this syndrome (mean [standard deviation], 544.2 [122.9] vs 363.6 [162.3] mm(2); P = .03)" ]

[ "Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with the presence, severity and extent of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) in addition to subclinical atherosclerosis. We investigated if EAT thickness is related to acute myocardial infarction in patients with CAD. We also searched for the association between EAT thickness and objective coronary flow and myocardial perfusion parameters such as Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Frame count (TFC) and myocardial blush grade (MBG). Two-hundred consecutive patients with stable angina pectoris or acute coronary syndrome who were admitted to Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Dr Rıdvan Ege Hospital cardiology department were included in this observational, cross-sectional study. EAT thickness was evaluated by conventional transthoracic echocardiography. Coronary angiography was performed to determine the coronary involvement and perfusion. Mean EAT thicknesses were 5.4±1.9 mm, 6.3±1.8 mm, and 8.5±1.4 mm in the stable angina pectoris (SAP), unstable angina pectoris (USAP) and acute myocardial infarction groups, respectively (p<0.001). With increasing EAT thickness, TFC increases whereas mean MBG values decrease (for EAT thickness <5 mm, 5-7 mm, >7 mm; mean TFC: 21.6±2.2, 25.3±3.3 and 35.2±7.7; and MBG values: 2.98±0.14, 2.83±0.57 and 1.7±1.16, respectively; both p<0.001). Cut-off EAT value to predict AMI was identified as 7.8 mm (ROC analysis AUC:0.876; p<0.001, 95% CI:0.822-0.927). Sensitivity and specificity of EAT cut-off value 7.8 mm to predict AMI were 81.8% and 82.5% respectively", "Background Ectopic visceral fat is a major risk factor for obesity complications including insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Ultrasonography is a simple bedside screening tool used for the assessment of ectopic visceral fat including fatty pancreas. This study investigates the association between insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and fatty pancreas detected by ultrasound in children with obesity. Methods This case-control study included 50 prepubertal obese (body mass index [BMI] ?95th age- and sex-specific percentiles) and 30 lean children (BMI 5th-85th age- and sex-specific percentiles) as the control group. Clinical and laboratory parameters of metabolic syndrome including anthropometric indices of central obesity, blood pressure, fasting glucose and lipid profile were measured. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to assess insulin resistance. Ultrasonographic assessment for pancreatic fat was done for all children. Results Fifty-eight percent of obese children had fatty pancreas. Obese children with fatty pancreas had a higher rate of metabolic syndrome (p=0.013) and insulin resistance than those with non-fatty pancreas (p=0.012). Regression analysis revealed that fatty pancreas is an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Fatty pancreas increases the risk for metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 11.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.69-48.22) and insulin resistance (OR 7.85; 95% CI: 2.20-28.05) in children with obesity. Conclusions Obese children have higher pancreatic fat accumulation than lean children. Obese children with fatty pancreas are more susceptible to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome." ]

[ "Don't even think about it!... It's a max of 2 Gb that Access can hold in one database. There's no limit on the number of records. So 6 Mb records allow for a recordsize of approx 333 characters. There's also no limit when linking to tables in other 2 Gb databases :-)" ]

[ "When the access mode is RANDOM, the method of record retrieval changes as per the selected file organization. For indexed files, records are accessed according to the value placed in a key field which can be primary or alternate key.There can be one or more alternate indexes.andom Access. When the access mode is RANDOM, the method of record retrieval changes as per the selected file organization. For indexed files, records are accessed according to the value placed in a key field which can be primary or alternate key. There can be one or more alternate indexes.", "I hope the above give you a bit of an idea of what is Microsoft Access and what it includes. Limitations. The total size of a database file (.MDB) is limited only by the storage capacity of your PC (Microsoft® quote the maximum database size of 2 Gigabyte (2000 Megabytes))." ]

[ "The median life expectancy for patients diagnosed with polycythemia vera exceeds 10 years. The prognosis of polycythemia vera is generally good with treatment. It will cause serious complications without treatment. Once myelofibrosis or acute myeloid leukemia ensues, the prognosis is very poor. Prognosis for post-PV myelofibrosis is adversely affected by older age, presence of leukocytosis, reticulin fibrosis, high JAK2 allele burden, splenomegaly, and history of venous thromboembolic events. Post-PV acute myeloid leukemia, adverse risk factors include older age, leukocytosis, splenomegaly, reticulin, abnormal and complex karyotype, p53 mutation, and RUNX1 mutation. \nAfter transformation of polycythemia vera to myelofibrosis, the median survival is approximately 5.7 years. The median survival for patients with acute myeloid leukemia that has progressed from polycythemia vera is 5 months. High-risk patients with polycythemia vera have an average survival of 10.9 years. Low-risk patients have an average survival of 27.8 years. There is a 4.2-fold increase in the risk of death in the presence of any of the following risk factors : Hemoglobin < 10 g/dl Platelet coun t < 100,000/mcl Leukocyte count > 30,000/mcl The 5-year survival rate is 17.3% for patients who develop post-PV myelofibrosis and have hemoglobin < 10 g/dl and age above 65 years. In elderly patients compared to younger patients, leukemic transformation contributes to more deaths, suggesting that age of onset of leukemia is an important prognostic risk factor for life expectancy." ]

[ "ABBREVIATIONS\nN/A: Not available, NL: Normal, FISH: Fluorescence in situ hybridization, PCR: Polymerase chain reaction, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, PUD: Peptic ulcer disease, EPO: Erythropoietin, LFTs: Liver function tests, RFTs: Renal function tests, LAP: Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, LAD: Leukocyte alkaline dehydrgenase, WBCs: White blood cells.\nMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) Clinical manifestations Diagnosis Other features Symptoms Physical examination CBC & Peripheral smear Bone marrow biopsy Other investigations WBCs Hb Plat- elets Leuko-cytes Blasts Left shift Baso- phils Eosino- phils Mono- cytes Others Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), BCR-ABL1 + Asymptomatic Constitutional Hyperviscosity and/or anemia related Bleeding Infection Splenomegaly (46–76%) Purpura Anemia related Priapism ↑ <2% + ↑ ↑ ↑ N/A ↓ NL Hypercellurarity with ↑ granuloscytosis and ↓ erythrocytosis Fibrosis FISH for t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) for BCR-ABL Granulocytic dysplasia is minimal/absent May present with blast crisis Absolute leukocytosis (median of 100,000/µL) Classic myelocyte bulge thrombocytopenia indicates advanced stage Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) Asymptomatic Constitutional symptoms Bleeding Infection Splenomegaly Heptomegaly Purpura Anemia related ↑ Minimal + NL NL NL ↑ LDH ↑ B12 levels ↓ ↓ Uniforme and intense hypercellularity with minimal to none fibrosis Neutrophil toxic granulations and Dohle bodies FISH Imaging for hepatosplenomegaly Associationed with polycythemia vera and plasma cell disorders Leukocytosis with chronic neutrophilia Polycythemia vera (PV) Constitutional Thromboembolism and bleeding Pruritus after a warm bath PUD related Facial ruddiness Related to underlying cause Splenomegaly Renal bruit NL or ↑ None - ↑ or ↓ NL or ↑ NL ↓ Serum ferritin ↓ Folate levels ↑↑ B12 levels ↑↑ NL Hypercellularity for age with tri-lineage growth Myelofibrosis (in up to 20% of patients) Radioisotope studies Serum EPO levels LFTs RFTs Imaging studies May transform into myelofibrosis or leukemia Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) Constitutional Anemia related Bleeding Infection Abdominal Pain Hepatosplenomegaly Petechiae & ecchymoses Abdominal distension Lymphadenopathy ↓ Erythroblasts - Absent NL NL ↑ LAP ↑ LAD ↑ Uric acid ↑ B12 levels ↓ ↓ Variable with fibrosis or hypercellularity JAK2 mutation CALR mutation MPL mutation Bone marrow aspiration shows a dry tap Variable with leukocytosis or leukopenia Essential thrombocythemia (ET) Headache Dizziness Visual disturbances Priapism Acute chest pain Splenomegaly Skin bruises NL or ↑ None - ↓ or absent NL NL N/A ↓ ↑↑ Normal/Hypercellular JAK2 mutation CALR mutation MPL mutation Thrombosis Hemorrhage Pregnancy loss Chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified (NOS) Constitutional Rash Rhinitis Gastritis Thromboembolism related Hypertension Eczema, mucosal ulcers, erythema Angioedema Ataxia Anemia Lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly ↑ Present + ↑ ↑↑ ↑ ↑ B12 levels ↑ LDH ↓ ↓ Hypercelluar with ↑ eosinophilic precursors, ↑ eosinophils, and atypical mononuclear cells FISH Cytogenetic analysis of purified eosinophils and X-chromosome inactivation analysis Heart failure Lung fibrosis Encephalopathy Erythema annulare centrifugam MPN, unclassifiable Similar to other myeloproliferative neoplasms Similar to other myeloproliferative neoplasms ↑ Variable ± ↑ or ↓ ↑ or ↓ ↑ or ↓ May resemble other myeloproliferative neoplasms ↓ ↑ ↑ megakaryocyte proliferation with variable hypercellularity in granulocytic or erythrocytic cell lines N/A Similar to other myeloprolifeartive neoplasms but do not fulfil the criteria to be classified to a specific type Mastocytosis Constitutional Pruritus & Flushing Urticaria & Blisters Hypotension & PUD Bleeding Bronchoconstriction Mastocytosis exanthema Blistering Swelling Lymphadenopathy Bleeding Fibrosis ↑ None - NL ↑ NL ↑ Alkaline phosphatase ↑ LDH ↓ ↓ or ↑ Multifocal dense infiltrates of mast cells with atypical morphology in >25 % Cytogenetic analysis for c-KIT receptor mutations Serum tryptase levels 24-hour urine test for N-methyl histamine and 11-beta- prostaglandine Skin most commonly involved Susceptibility to anaphylaxix Osteoporosis Myeloid / lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and rearrangement of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1, or with PCM1 - JAK2 Asymptomatic Constitutional Rash Cough & breathlessness Peripheral neuropathy / encephalopathy Fever Lymphadenopathy ↑ NL - NL ↑ ↑ None NL ↓ Myeloid expansion with eosinophilia FISH shows t(8;13) and t(8;22) May present or evolve into acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia Leukocytosis (30 - 59 × 10 9 /L B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma Constitutional Anemia related Bleeding Infection Bone pain Pallor Petechiae Organomegaly Lymphadenopathy NL or ↑ >25% N/A ↑ or ↓ ↑ or ↓ ↑ or ↓ Auer bodies ↓ ↓ Hypercellular with blast infilteration with or without myelodysplasia Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry FISH May present as extramedullary disease (Myeloid sarcoma) Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) Constitutional Anemia related Bleeding Infection Pallor Petechiae Organomegaly ↓ Variable - ↓ ↓ ↓ Macro-ovalocytes Basophilic stippling Howell-Jolly body ↓ ↓ Hypercellular / normocellular bone marrow with dysplastic changes Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry Leukemia transformation Acquired pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and related neoplasms Constitutional Anemia related Bleeding Bone pain Joint pain Infections Infection related Pallor Leukemia cutis Bruising & petechiae Lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly NL or ↑ ↑ N/A ↑ or ↓ ↑ or ↓ ↑ or ↓ ↑ Potassium ↑ Uric acid ↑ Phosphorus ↓ Calcium ↑ LDH ↓ ↓ Increased immature myeloid cells with dysplasia Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry FISH Common in Down syndrome Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm Cutaneous symptoms (brown/purple nodular lesions) on face, scalp, lower limb & trunk Brown/violaceous bruise like lesions Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly NL ↑ NL NL NL Neutropenia ↓ ↓ Malignant cells Immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry for CD4 & CD56 TdT expression positive May develop chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) Myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) Constitutional Anemia related Bleeding Infections Bone pain Leukemia Cutis Organomegaly Bruising ↑ < 20% NL ↑ ↑↑ ↑ LDH ↓ ↓ Myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative feature Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry Overlapping of both, MDS and MPN Absolute monocytosis > 1 × 10 9 /L (defining feature) MD-CMML: WBC ≤ 13 × 10 9 /L (FAB) MP-CMML: WBC > 13 × 10 9 /L (FAB) Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), BCR-ABL 1- Asymptomatic Constitutional Hyperviscosity and/or anemia related Bleeding Infection Splenomegaly (46–76%) Purpura Anemia related Priapism ↑ <20% + <2% of WBCs N/A N/A N/A ↓ ↓ Granulocytic hyperplasia with prominent dysplasia Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry Granulocytic dysplasia is prominent Absence of BCR-ABL or PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1 rearrangements WBC > 13 × 10 9 /L Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) Infections Anemia related Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Rash ↑ ↑ N/A N/A N/A ↑ ↓ Serum Iron ↑ B12 levels ↓ ↓ Hypercelluar with ↑ myeloid cells in stages of maturation Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia MDS / MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T) Constitutional Anemia related Thrombosis Variable NL or ↑ NL - NL N/A N/A ↑ Serum Iron ↓ ↑ Hypercellularity with dyserythropoiesis and increased megakaryocytes Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry Large atypical megakaryocytes Ringed sideroblasts SF3B1 mutation T-lymphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma T-lymphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma Constitutional Anemia Related Bleeding Superior vena cava syndrome Lymphadenopathy Mediastinal mass Pleural effusions Tracheal obstruction Pericardial effusions ↑ >25% blasts (Leukemia) <25% blasts (Lymphoma) ± ↑ or ↓ ↑ or ↓ ↑ or ↓ ↑ LDH Positive for TdT ↓ ↓ Hypercelluarity with increased T cells precursors Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry FISH May involve brain, skin, and testes. Provisional entity: Natural killer (NK) cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymph Constitutional Anemia Related Bleeding Superior vena cava syndrome Lymphadenopathy Mediastinal mass Pleural effusions Tracheal obstruction Pericardial effusions ↑ ↑ ± ↑ or ↓ ↑ or ↓ ↑ or ↓ ↑ LDH ↓ ↓ N/A Cytogenetic analysis FISH Flow cytometry Similar to T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia but may have more aggressive clinical course. Diagnosis is usually based on presence of CD56 expression, and T-cell -associated markers such as CD2 and CD7. B-cell markers are absent. Provisional entity: Early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia Constitutional Anemia Related Bleeding Superior vena cava syndrome Lymphadenopathy Mediastinal mass Pleural effusions Tracheal obstruction Pericardial effusions ↑ ↑ ± ↑ or ↓ ↑ or ↓ ↑ or ↓ ↑ LDH ↓ ↓ Hypercelluarity with increased T cells precursors Cytogenetic analysis FISH Flow cytometry Similar to T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia but is more aggressive clinically and cell are characterized by cytometry as CD1a −, CD8 −, CD5 − (dim), and positivity for 1 or more stem cell or myeloid antigens. Gene expression indicates more immature cells as compared to other subtypes of T-cell neoplasms.\nTemplate:Hematology\nv t e Myeloid Hematological malignancy / leukemia histology (ICD-O 9590-9989, C81-C96, 200-208) CFU-GM / and other granulocytes Template:Navbox subgroup MEP Template:Navbox subgroup CFU-Mast Mastocytoma (Mast cell leukemia, Mast cell sarcoma, Systemic mastocytosis) Multiple/unknown AML (Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis, Myeloid sarcoma) · MP (Myelofibrosis) · Acute biphenotypic leukaemia See also hematology, lymphoid malignancy\nTemplate:WikiDoc Sources", "If left untreated, patients with cretinism may progress to develop mental retardation and neurological manifestations. Common complications of cretinism include growth retardation and cardiovascular problems. Prognosis is usually good with treatment with levothyroxine." ]

[ "Coastal resources are coming under increasing pressure from competition between recreational, commercial and conservation uses. This is particularly so in coastal areas adjacent to major population centres. Given high recreational and conservation values in such areas, economic activities need to be highly efficient in order to persist. Management of these industries must therefore also encourage efficient production and full utilisation of the areas available. In order to achieve this, managers must first understand the level and drivers of productivity, and how these can be influenced. In this study, by way of illustration, the focus was on the Sydney rock oyster industry within Queensland's Moreton Bay, a multiple use marine park with high recreational and conservation value adjacent to Australia's third largest city. Productivity of the oyster industry in Moreton Bay is currently low compared to historic levels, and management has an objective of reversing this trend. It is unclear whether this difference is due to oyster farmers' business choices and personal characteristics or whether varying environmental conditions in the Moreton Bay limit the capacity of the oyster industry. These require different management responses in order to enhance productivity. The study examined different productivity measures of the oyster industry using data envelopment analysis (DEA) to determine where productivity gains can be made and by how much. The findings suggest that the industry is operating at a high level of capacity utilisation, but a low level of efficiency. The results also suggest that both demographic and environmental conditions affect technical efficiency in the Bay, with water characteristics improvements and appropriate training potentially providing the greatest benefits to the industry. Methods used in this study are transferable to other industries and provide a means by which coastal aquaculture may be managed to ensure it remains competitive with other uses of coastal resources." ]

[ "It has been hypothesized that global warming will strengthen upwelling-favorable winds in the Northern Humboldt Current System (NHCS) as a consequence of the increase of the land-sea thermal gradient along the Peruvian coast. The effect of strengthened winds in this region is assessed with the use of a coupled physical-biogeochemical model forced with projected and climatological winds. Strengthened winds induce an increase in primary production of 2% per latitudinal degree from 9.5S to 5S. In some important coastal upwelling sites primary production is reduced. This is due to a complex balance between nutrient availability, nutrient use efficiency, as well as eddy- and wind-driven factors. Mesoscale activity induces a net offshore transport of inorganic nutrients, thus reducing primary production in the coastal upwelling region. Wind mixing, in general disadvantageous for primary producers, leads to shorter residence times in the southern and central coastal zones. Overall, instead of a proportional enhancement in primary production due to increased winds, the NHCS becomes only 5% more productive (+5molCm-2 year-1 ), 10% less limited by nutrients and 15% less efficient due to eddy-driven effects. It is found that regions with a initial strong nutrient limitation are more efficient in terms of nutrient assimilation which makes them more resilient in face of the acceleration of the upwelling circulation.", "Coastal habitats provide important benefits to people, including habitat for species targeted by fisheries and opportunities for tourism and recreation. Yet, such human activities also can imperil these habitats and undermine the ecosystem services they provide to people. Cumulative risk assessment provides an analytical framework for synthesizing the influence of multiple stressors across habitats and decision-support for balancing human uses and ecosystem health. To explore cumulative risk to habitats in the U.S. Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Ocean Planning regions, we apply the open-source InVEST Habitat Risk Assessment model to 13 habitats and 31 stressors in an exposure-consequence framework. In doing so, we advance the science priorities of EBM and both regional planning bodies by synthesizing the wealth of available data to improve our understanding of human uses and how they affect marine resources. We find that risk to ecosystems is greatest first, along the coast, where a large number of stressors occur in close proximity and secondly, along the continental shelf, where fewer, higher consequence activities occur. Habitats at greatest risk include soft and hard-bottom nearshore areas, tidal flats, soft-bottom shelf habitat, and rocky intertidal zones-with the degree of risk varying spatially. Across all habitats, our results indicate that rising sea surface temperatures, commercial fishing, and shipping consistently and disproportionally contribute to risk. Further, our findings suggest that management in the nearshore will require simultaneously addressing the temporal and spatial overlap as well as intensity of multiple human activities and that management in the offshore requires more targeted efforts to reduce exposure from specific threats. We offer a transparent, generalizable approach to evaluating cumulative risk to multiple habitats and illustrate the spatially heterogeneous nature of impacts along the eastern Atlantic coast and the importance of spatial scale in estimating such impacts. These results offer a valuable decision-support tool by helping to constrain the decision space, focus attention on habitats and locations at the greatest risk, and highlight effect management strategies." ]

[ " The article is kind of silly and wildly misleading, but the physics is actually pretty cool. Just forget you read it, a lot of what the writer said was outright wrong.\n\nSo, first, what is a \"spacetime crystal\"? Well, the defining characteristic of a regular crystal is that its structure is repeated and regular. The structure of quartz, for example, looks like [this](_URL_0_). Note that the same shape repeats itself over and over as you move along: in math and science, we call that *periodicity*. Something that is periodic repeats itself over and over. For example, the swinging of a pendulum is a periodic motion.\n\nTo be more precise (it's important), the structure of a regular crystal is periodic in space. If you go up, down, left, right, forward and back, the shape repeats itself. That means it's periodic in three dimensions, the ones we're used to.\n\nHowever, physicists always talk about time being the fourth dimension. What if there was a structure that was periodic in space, like a regular crystal, but also periodic in time? That's what a spacetime crystal is, and it's also where stuff gets a little confusing.\n\nThe basic idea here is that they've constructed a material that, under the correct conditions, has the traditional crystalline structure, and has the property that it is periodic in time. What that means (loosely) is that if I took a \"video\" of it, there would be no way of telling what I recorded from 0:00 to 0:01 and 0:05 to 0:06 apart (or 0:10 to 0:11 or 0:47 to 0:48 and so on). In the same way that you can't tell one part of the crystal structure apart from another because it's repeating itself, you can't tell different times apart in the recording because the system's behavior repeats itself as time goes on.\n\nNow, there's lots of things you're familiar with that repeat themselves in time: pendulums, watches, swingsets, wheels. The other key distinction between a spacetime crystal and those devices is that the spacetime crystal is in its lowest possible energy state.\n\nTo exploit the pendulum analogy, the lowest possible energy state of a regular pendulum is when it's not swinging at all. What that means is that as time goes on, a pendulum slowly slows down, because it loses energy to friction and air resistance and that sort of stuff. No matter how well you make it, it will eventually get to a point where it's not swinging anymore, because that's the lowest possible energy state, and thermodynamics tells us that things eventually always get to the lowest state possible.\n\nThe spacetime crystal, though, is exhibiting that swinging pendulum-like periodicity in its lowest state. It's like you had a pendulum that couldn't *not* swing, or a mechanical watch that never needed to be wound. This is obviously pretty cool (at least to me). The spacetime crystal will never stop spinning, as long as they keep their machine running (which maybe makes it sound less cool).\n\nNote also that this is *not* perpetual motion, at least in the traditional sense. You could not power anything with it: it has no spare energy to give away." ]

[ " Digital clocks work thanks to Quartz crystal oscillation.\n\nBasically, if you take a quartz crystal and pass an electronic current through it, it will oscillate at a specific frequency. \n\nMost work at about 32,768hz, which is 2^15 cycles per second. Basically, a computer chip counts the oscillations. Every 32,768 oscillations, the clock moves forward one second.\n\nThis is very accurate and reliable, generally speaking. The issue is, pressure and temperature affect how fast the crystal oscillates. A 10C difference can cause about 2min/year to be lost, a 20C difference can be a difference of 10min/year. If your unit gets hot, or sits in a hotter than normal area (like over a heater, on a sunny window sill), it can have a noticeable difference.", " Space-time is a concept of how our universe generally works. It's made up of three spatial dimensions, and one time dimension. Fabric in this sense refers to how space and time, while different in many ways, are actually fused together. They are a single construct, not two different things interacting with each other.\n\nIf you were to take all the threads out of sheet that were going left-to-right, the entire thing would be a useless mess. the threads that go the other direction are useless alone. They only work when woven together. Likewise, our universe only works when space and time are working together, neither can exist without the other, because they are the same.\n\nIts a difficult concept for humans to really process and imagine, because the idea is so distant from the way we interpret things. referring to it as a fabric makes it just a little easier on us." ]

[ "The association between testosterone deficiency and insulin resistance in men with type 2 diabetes is well established. Current Endocrine Society and European Association of Urology guidelines recommend the measurement of testosterone levels in all men with type 2 diabetes and in men suffering from erectile dysfunction. It is recognised that a range of physical symptoms appear as the testosterone level falls but few studies have addressed the threshold at which symptoms improve with physiological replacement. We report the first double-blind placebo-controlled study conducted exclusively in a male type 2 diabetes population to assess the metabolic changes with testosterone replacement. The type 2 diabetes registers of seven general practices were screened to establish the prevalence of low testosterone and the associations with diabetes control. Of 550 eligible patients approached, 488 men (mean age 62.6) consented to take part in screening with a morning testosterone level, assessed between 8 and 11 am. This identified 211 patients for a double-blind placebo-controlled study of long acting testosterone undecanoate (TU) 1000 mg lasting 30 weeks followed by 52 weeks of open label use. The population was divided into a SEVERE group with either total testosterone (TT) of 8 nmol/l or less or free testosterone (FT) 180 pmol/l or less or a MILD group with TT 8.1-12 nmol/l or FT 181-250 pmol/l" ]

[ "In men, hypoandrogenism is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome, but the role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes is not well understood. We assessed the association of low levels of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with the development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in men. Concentrations of SHBG and total and calculated free testosterone and factors related to insulin resistance were determined at baseline in 702 middle-aged Finnish men participating in a population-based cohort study. These men had neither diabetes nor the metabolic syndrome. After 11 years of follow-up, 147 men had developed the metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program criteria) and 57 men diabetes. Men with total testosterone, calculated free testosterone, and SHBG levels in the lower fourth had a severalfold increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.4; 1.7, 1.2-2.5; and 2.8, 1.9-4.1, respectively) and diabetes (2.3, 1.3-4.1; 1.7, 0.9-3.0; and 4.3, 2.4-7.7, respectively) after adjustment for age. Adjustment for potential confounders such as cardiovascular disease, smoking, alcohol intake, and socioeconomic status did not alter the associations. Factors related to insulin resistance attenuated the associations, but they remained significant, except for free testosterone", "To evaluate the relation between free testosterone (FT) levels and the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (IMT-CCA) in overweight and obese glucose-tolerant (NGT) young adult men. Cross-sectional study of FT and IMT-CCA in obese men. A total of 127 overweight and obese NGT male individuals, aged 18-45 y. FT plasma levels; IMT-CCA, as measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound imaging; central fat accumulation, as evaluated by waist circumference; body composition, as measured by bioimpedance analysis; insulin resistance, as calculated by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA(IR)); systolic and diastolic blood pressure; and fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, and lipids. IMT-CCA was positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), waist circumference, and fasting glucose concentrations, and inversely associated with FT levels. After multivariate analysis, IMT-CCA maintained an independent association with BMI, FM, and FT levels. This study indicates that IMT-CCA is negatively associated with FT levels, independent of age, total body fat, central fat accumulation, and fasting glucose concentrations in overweight and obese NGT patients" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The shape of the left atrial appendage (LAA) might affect thrombus formation. The chicken wing-type LAA (CW) has been reported as unlikely to influence stroke events in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, so we investigated whether LAA shapes could influence LAA function.METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 102 patients (64 men, age 659 years) who underwent transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and cardiac computed tomography prior to catheter ablation (CA) for AF. LAA morphology were classified into 2 types: (1) CW: LAA with a bend in its shape and (2) non-CW type (NCW): LAA without any bends. All patients were classified into these groups using a cutoff value of LAA flow velocity (LAAFV). Patients with LAAFV <35 cm/s were classified as the low LAAFV group (Low FV, n=37). The patients with LAAFV >35 cm/s were classified as normal LAAFV group (Normal FV, n=65). The NCW type was detected in 25/102 patients (25%). In multivariate analysis, the patients with Low FV were associated with NCW type (P=0.0429, odds ratio [OR] 9.664, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.075-86.900) and higher B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (P=0.0350, OR 1.012 for each 1 pg/ml increase in BNP, 95% CI 1.001-1.022).CONCLUSIONS: The NCW-type LAA and higher BNP were associated with lower LAAFV. One reason for the frequent cardiogenic stroke in patients with the NCW-type LAA may be the lower LAAFV." ]

[ "Low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) is a promising polymer for surface modification of nanoparticles (NPs), which can impart both stealth effect and electrostatic interaction with cells at mildly acidic pH of tumors. We previously produced LMWC-coated NPs via covalent conjugation to poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA-LMWC NPs). However, this method had several weaknesses including inefficiency and complexity of the production as well as increased hydrophilicity of the polymer matrix, which led to poor drug release control. Here, we used the dopamine polymerization method to produce LMWC-coated NPs (PLGA-pD-LMWC NPs), where the core NPs were prepared with PLGA that served best to load and retain drugs and then functionalized with LMWC via polydopamine layer. The PLGA-pD-LMWC NPs overcame the limitations of PLGA-LMWC NPs while maintaining their advantages. First of all, PLGA-pD-LMWC NPs attenuated the release of paclitaxel to a greater extent than PLGA-LMWC NPs. Moreover, PLGA-pD-LMWC NPs had a pH-dependent surface charge profile and cellular interactions similar to PLGA-LMWC NPs, enabling acid-specific NP-cell interaction and enhanced drug delivery to cells in weakly acidic environment. Although the LMWC layer did not completely prevent protein binding in serum solution, PLGA-pD-LMWC NPs showed less phagocytic uptake than bare PLGA NPs.", "PURPOSE: L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is linked to tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and survival in various human cancers. Although the expression of LAT1 was identified as a significant prognostic predictor after surgery in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), little is known about the clinical significance of LAT1 as a chemotherapeutic resistance factor in PDAC.METHODS: A total of 110 patients with surgically resected PDAC were retrospectively reviewed as the training set. Immunohistochemical staining of resected tumor specimens was assessed using anti-LAT1 antibodies. In vitro analysis of chemotherapy resistance and LAT1 function using PDAC cell lines was also performed.RESULTS: The rate of high expression of LAT1 was 64.1% (71/110). The high expression of LAT1 protein was significantly associated with tumor differentiation, tumor depth (T factor), lymph node metastasis, venous invasion, recurrence, and clinical response. By multivariate analysis, LAT1 was validated as an independent prognostic factor for predicting worse survival after surgery. We analyzed the TCGA data set and obtained similar results that the survival rates of SLC7A5 high expression group were poorer than that of low expression group. LAT1 could successfully predict the outcome of patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery (n = 88) and systemic chemotherapy after recurrence (n = 56). All patients with high LAT1 expression were non-responders, whereas approximately 30% of the patients with low LAT1 expression responders (p = 0.0002). By analyzing the TCGA online database, it was found that LAT1 closely correlated with hypoxia-induced genes, such as PTGES, PYGL, and KPNA2.CONCLUSION: LAT1 as an independent prognostic marker is a potential molecular targeting gene to reduce chemoresistance and tumor growth in patients with PDAC, supported by our in vitro study." ]

[ "Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement has increased significantly over the past few decades, but indications for filter placement vary widely depending on which professional society recommendations are followed, and it is uncertain how compliant physicians are in adhering to guidelines. This study assessed documented indications for IVC filter placement and evaluated compliance with standards set by the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR). A single-center, retrospective medical record review in a metropolitan, 652-bed, acute care, teaching hospital. Inpatient filter placement over a 26-month period was reviewed. The study measured compliance with established guidelines, relationship of medical specialty to filter placement, and evaluation of self-referral patterns among physicians. Compliance with established ACCP guidelines was poor regardless of whether the IVC filter insertion was performed by interventional radiology (IR; 43.5%), vascular surgery (VS; 39.9%), or interventional cardiology (IC; 33.3%) staff. Compliance with the less restrictive SIR guidelines was better (77.5%, 77.1%, and 80% for IR, VS, and IC, respectively). There was a greater degree of guideline compliance when filter placement was recommended by internal medicine (IM)-trained physicians than by non-IM-trained physicians: 46.3% of IR-placed filters requested by IM physicians met ACCP criteria whereas only 24.0% of filters recommended by non-IM specialties were compliant with criteria (P = .03). In the VS group, these compliance rates were 45.8% and 31.5%, respectively (P = .03). Among IR-placed filters, 84.0% of IM-recommended filter placements were compliant with SIR guidelines, versus only 48.0% of non-IM-recommended placements (P ≤ .001). In the VS group, these compliance rates were 87.8% and 69.6%, respectively (P ≤ .001)" ]

[ "This case of a patient whose physician refuses to prescribe statins for high cholesterol raises ethical issues about a physician's decision to offer clinical recommendations contrary to current practice guidelines. Our response summarizes social forces that have led to the rise of evidence-based medicine, the development of clinical guidelines, and the evolution of the roles of physicians and patients in decision making. We conclude that there are times when a physician can justifiably make a recommendation to a patient that contravenes a current clinical guideline. In making such a recommendation, we suggest that a physician should communicate a rationale for deviating from clinical guidelines and respect a patient's autonomy. We consider the need for and limitations of clinical guidelines, numerous factors influencing shared decision making, and key ethical principles of nonmaleficence and respect for patient autonomy.", "Andrew Barton and NIVAS board colleagues have produced evidence-based guidelines for health profesionals on how to avoid under-dosing in IV therapy. These guidelines, in association with NIVAS, are presented here." ]

[ "Demit(verb) to yield or submit; to humble; to lower; as, to demit one's self to humble duties. Demit(verb) to lay down, as an office; to resign. Origin: [L. demittere to send or bring down, to lower; de- + mittere to send." ]

[ "The term demigod or demi-god can refer to a minor deity, a mortal who is the offspring of a god and a human being, or a figure who has attained divine status after death. 1 Etymology.", "a mythological being who is partly divine and partly human; an inferior deity. 2. a deified mortal. Origin of demigod. Latin. 1520-1530. 1520-30; translation of Latin sēmideus. See demi-, god." ]

[ "The magnitude and longevity of synaptic activity-induced changes in synaptic efficacy is quantified by measuring evoked responses whose potentiation requires gene transcription to persist for more than 2-3 hours. While miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) are also increased in amplitude and/or frequency during long-term potentiation (LTP), it is not known how long such changes persist or whether gene transcription is required. We use whole-cell patch clamp recordings from dissociated hippocampal cultures to characterise for the first time the persistence and transcription dependency of mEPSC upregulation during synaptic potentiation. The persistence of recurrent action potential bursting in these cultures is transcription-, translation- and NMDA receptor-dependent thus providing an accessible model for long-lasting plasticity. Blockade of GABAA-receptors with bicuculline for 15 minutes induced action potential bursting in all neurons and was maintained in 50-60% of neurons for more than 6 hours. Throughout this period, the frequency but neither the amplitude of mEPSCs nor whole-cell AMPA currents was markedly increased. The transcription blocker actinomycin D abrogated, within 2 hours of burst induction, both action potential bursting and the increase in mEPSCs. Reversible blockade of action potentials during, but not after this 2 hour transcription period suppressed the increase in mEPSC frequency and the recovery of burst activity at a time point 6 hours after induction" ]

[ "We hypothesize that: Th17 and Th22 T-cell subsets act locally to induce T-cell plasticity in LL lesions, manifesting PEH; miR-181a is normal or increased in LL lesions with PEH compared to its expressional loss in classic LL lesions; miR-21 and STAT3 are increased in LL lesions with PEH, given their association with epithelial hyperproliferation; and Cbl-b is diminished in LL lesions with PEH compared to classic LL lesions", "Homeostatic intrinsic plasticity encompasses the mechanisms by which neurons stabilize their excitability in response to prolonged and destabilizing changes in global activity. However, the milieu of molecular players responsible for these regulatory mechanisms is largely unknown. Using whole-cell patch clamp recording and unbiased gene expression profiling in rat dissociated hippocampal neurons cultured at high density, we demonstrate here that chronic activity blockade induced by the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin leads to a homeostatic increase in action potential firing and down-regulation of potassium channel genes. In addition, chronic activity blockade reduces total potassium current, as well as protein expression and current of voltage-gated Kv1 and Kv7 potassium channels, which are critical regulators of action potential firing. Importantly, inhibition of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors alone mimics the effects of tetrodotoxin, including the elevation in firing frequency and reduction of potassium channel gene expression and current driven by activity blockade, whereas inhibition of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels has no effect" ]

[ "Up to 80% of sore throats are caused by viruses. Several over the counter products are available which provide symptomatic, not causal relief. For such lozenges, containing the antiseptics and local anesthetics amylmetacresol (AMC) and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (DCBA) or hexylresorcinol (HR), recently an additional virucidal effect was published. Therefore, we tested a set of Strepsils(®) lozenges, containing either HR (Max [#2]) or AMC/DCBA (Original [#3], Extra Strong [#4], Warm [#5], Orange and Vitamin C [#6], Sugar free Lemon [#7], Children/Strawberry [#8] and Soothing Honey and Lemon [#9]) for their antiviral efficiency against representatives of respiratory viruses known to cause sore throat: human rhinovirus (HRV) 1a, HRV8, influenza virus A H1N1n, Coxsackievirus A10, and human coronavirus (hCoV) OC43. The lozenges were tested head to head with Coldamaris(®) lozenges (#1), which contain the patented antiviral iota-carrageenan. None of the tested AMC/DCBA or HR containing lozenges shows any antiviral effectiveness against HRV8 at the tested concentrations, whereas all are moderately active against HRV1a. Only lozenge #5 shows any activity against hCoV OC43 and Coxsackievirus A10 at the tested concentrations. Similarly, only lozenge #3 is moderately active against influenza A H1N1n virus. The data indicates that neither the isolated effect of the active ingredients nor the pH but rather one or more of the excipients of the specific formulations are responsible for the antiviral effect of some of the AMC/DCBA or HR containing lozenges. In contrast, carrageenan-containing lozenges are highly active against all viruses tested. In another experiment, we showed that binding and inactivation of virus particles by iota-carrageenan are fast and highly effective. During the residence time of the lozenge in the mouth, the viral titer is reduced by 85% and 91% for influenza A virus and hCoV OC43, respectively. Carrageenan-containing lozenges are, therefore, suitable as causative therapy against viral infections of the throat." ]

[ "RNA viruses often require \"cold-chains\" of transportation to prevent the breakdown of genetic material. .", "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) initiated in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and became pandemic causing high fatality and disrupted normal life calling world almost to a halt. Causative agent is a novel coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV). While new line of drug/vaccine development has been initiated world-wide, in the current scenario of high infected numbers, severity of the disease and high morbidity, repurposing of the existing drugs is heavily explored. Here, we used a homology-based structural model of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), a cell surface receptor, required for entry of virus to the target host cell. Using the strengths of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we examined the binding potential of Withaferin-A (Wi-A), Withanone (Wi-N) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester to TPMRSS2 in comparison to its known inhibitor, Camostat mesylate. We found that both Wi-A and Wi-N could bind and stably interact at the catalytic site of TMPRSS2. Wi-N showed stronger interactions with TMPRSS2 catalytic residues than Wi-A and was also able to induce changes in its allosteric site. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of Wi-N on TMPRSS2 expression in MCF7 cells and found remarkable downregulation of TMPRSS2 mRNA in treated cells predicting dual action of Wi-N to block SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells. Since the natural compounds are easily available/affordable, they may even offer a timely therapeutic/preventive value for the management of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We also report that Wi-A/Wi-N content varies in different parts of Ashwagandha and warrants careful attention for their use.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma." ]

[ "Definitions for gagger. Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word gagger. Wiktionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: gagger(Noun) A piece of iron embedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place. Gagger(noun) one who gags. Gagger(noun) a piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place. Chaldean Numerology. The numerical value of gagger in Chaldean Numerology is: 8." ]

[ "7. be gagging for be gagging to slang to be very eager to have or do something. n. 8. a piece of cloth, rope, etc, stuffed into or tied across the mouth. 9. any restraint on or suppression of information, free speech, etc.", "According to the 300-plus voters, yes! Gaggan is boundary-pushing but never too serious: a restaurant where fun dining is taken to a new level, but not at the expense of taste or technique. Meet our Partners Home" ]

[ "Supramolecular nanostructures formed through self-assembly can have energy landscapes, which determine their structures and functions depending on the pathways selected for their synthesis and processing and on the conditions they are exposed to after their initial formation. We report here on the structural damage that occurs in supramolecular peptide amphiphile nanostructures, during freezing in aqueous media, and the self-repair pathways that restore their functions. We found that freezing converts long supramolecular nanofibers into shorter ones, compromising their ability to support cell adhesion, but a single heating and cooling cycle reverses the damage and rescues their bioactivity. Thermal energy in this cycle enables noncovalent interactions to reconfigure the nanostructures into the thermodynamically preferred long nanofibers, a repair process that is impeded by kinetic traps. In addition, we found that nanofibers disrupted during freeze-drying also exhibit the ability to undergo thermal self-repair and recovery of their bioactivity, despite the extra disruption caused by the dehydration step. Following both freezing and freeze-drying, which shorten the 1D nanostructures, their self-repair capacity through thermally driven elongation is inhibited by kinetically trapped states, which contain highly stable noncovalent interactions that are difficult to rearrange. These states decrease the extent of thermal nanostructure repair, an observation we hypothesize applies to supramolecular systems in general and is mechanistically linked to suppressed molecular exchange dynamics." ]

[ "In humans, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired by two mutually-exclusive mechanisms, homologous recombination or end-joining. Among end-joining mechanisms, the main process is classical non-homologous end-joining (C-NHEJ) which relies on Ku binding to DNA ends and DNA Ligase IV (Lig4)-mediated ligation. Mostly under Ku- or Lig4-defective conditions, an alternative end-joining process (A-EJ) can operate and exhibits a trend toward microhomology usage at the break junction. Homologous recombination relies on an initial MRN-dependent nucleolytic degradation of one strand at DNA ends. This process, named DNA resection generates 3' single-stranded tails necessary for homologous pairing with the sister chromatid. While it is believed from the current literature that the balance between joining and recombination processes at DSBs ends is mainly dependent on the initiation of resection, it has also been shown that MRN activity can generate short single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ssO) that may also be implicated in repair regulation. Here, we evaluate the effect of ssO on end-joining at DSB sites both in vitro and in cells. We report that under both conditions, ssO inhibit C-NHEJ through binding to Ku and favor repair by the Lig4-independent microhomology-mediated A-EJ process.", "Nano-biointerfaces with varied surface charge can be readily fabricated by integrating a template-based process with maleimide-thiol coupling chemistry. Significantly, nanostructures are employed for amplifying the effect of surface charge on cell adhesion, as revealed by the cell-adhesion performance, cell morphology and corresponding cytoskeletal organization. This study may provide a promising strategy for developing new biomedical materials with tailored cell adhesion for tissue implantation and regeneration." ]

[ "Assumption Agreement Law and Legal Definition Assumption Agreement Law and Legal Definition An Assumption Agreement refers an undertaking of a debt or obligation primarily resting upon another person. It is a legal contract that effectuates an agreement between two parties, whereby one party agrees to assume the responsibilities, interests, rights, and obligations of another party in respect to a separate agreement made between the latter and a third party. Parties to an assumption agreement are known as assignee and assignor. When mortgaged property is conveyed to another person, through an assumption agreement the new owner assumes the mortgage and the mortgage holder agrees to the assumption. Legal Definition list Assumpsit Pro Rata Assumpsit Assumed Name (Trademark)Assumed Name Assumed Bond Assumption Agreement Assumption Clause Assumption of Mortgage Assumption of Risk Assumption Reinsurance Assumptions Related Legal Terms Acceptance of Service Agreement Account Agreement Accounting Agreement Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement Acreage-Contribution Agreement Actuarial Cost Assumptions Advance Pricing Agreement Advertising Agency Agreement Agency Shop Agreement Agreement" ]

[ "Company Overview of Fort Wayne Plastics, Inc. April 06, 2018 1:37 AM ETChemicals Company Overview of Fort Wayne Plastics, Inc. Snapshot People Company Overview Fort Wayne Plastics, Inc. provides medium to large custom molded plastics components. The company specializes in low pressure, multi-nozzle, and multi-cavity structural foam solutions used in various applications. It also offers engineering support and assembly for programs ranging from single stand-alone products to complex multi-component products. Fort Wayne Plastics, Inc. is based in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Fort Wayne Plastics, Inc. operates as a subsidiary of FTW Holdings, Inc. On May 14, 2017, Fort Wayne Plastics, Inc. filed a voluntary petition for reorganization under Chapter 11 in the U. S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware. It is in joint administration with Katy Industries... Detailed Description510 Sumpter Drive Fort Wayne, IN 46804United States Phone:260-432-2520Fax:260-432-5540www.fortwayneplastics.com Key Executives for Fort Wayne Plastics, Inc. Ms. Robb Robertson President & CEOCompensation as of Fiscal Year 2017. Fort Wayne Plastics, Inc. Key Developments Joint Liquidation Plan and Disclosure Statement Filed by KII Liquidating Inc. and Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors Feb 5 18KII Liquidating Inc. along with its affiliates and Creditors’ Committee filed a joint Plan and disclosure statement in the US Bankruptcy Court on February 5, 2018. As per the plan the treatment of other administrative claims, accrued professional compensation claims, priority claims and secured tax claims and shall be paid in full in cash. General unsecured claims will receive its pro rata share of the net distributable assets, intercompany claims and subordinated claims will receive no distribution under the plan. Interests in Katy Industries, Inc. and Intercompany Interests shall be cancelled and shall receive no distribution under the plan. The plan shall be funded from cash in hand and through sale of debtor’s assets. Motion for Asset Sale Approved for Katy Industries, Inc. Jul 18 17The US Bankruptcy Court gave an order approving the sale of substantially all the assets of Katy Industries, Inc. on July 18, 2017. The debtor has been authorized to sell its substantially all assets to Jansan Acquisition, LLC the stalking horse bidder, in exchange for the assumption of the Encina Obligations; a credit bid of the amount outstanding under the proposed $7.5 million Debtor-In-Possession Credit Agreement; a credit bid of all outstanding amounts due and owing under the Second Lien Credit Agreement; and the assumption of certain additional liabilities pursuant to the asset purchase agreement dated May 14, 2017. The debtor did not receive any other competing bids for the purchase of its assets and therefore Jansan Acquisition, LLC emerged as the winning bidder. Bidding Procedure Approved for Katy Industries, Inc. Jun 19 17The US Bankruptcy Court gave an order approving the bidding procedures relating to the sale of substantially all the assets of Katy Industries, Inc. on June 19, 2017. The Court approved the asset purchase agreement between the debtor and Jansan Acquisition, LLC the stalking horse bidder, for the sale of substantially all its assets in exchange for the assumption of the Encina Obligations; a credit bid of the amount outstanding under the proposed $7.5 million Debtor-In-Possession Credit Agreement; a credit bid of all outstanding amounts due and owing under the Second Lien Credit Agreement; and the assumption of certain additional liabilities pursuant to the asset purchase agreement dated as of May 14, 2017. To qualify as a qualified bidder, interested parties should submit their bids by July 12, 2017 along with a good faith deposit in an amount equal to 5% of the Purchase Price. The initial minimum overbid should be at least $0.25 million more than the initial purchase price. The debtor has scheduled an auction on July 14, 2017. At the auction, the subsequent bids would be in increments of $0.25 million. The stalking horse bidder would be entitled to a break-up fee of $0.6 million and expense reimbursement of $0.4 million in case of termination of the asset purchase agreement. The sale hearing is scheduled for July 17, 2017. Similar Private Companies By Industry Company Name Region10x Technology LLC United States20/20 Custom Molded Plastics,Ltd. United States21st Century Plastics Corporation United States2N2, Inc. United States4th Generation Resins, LLC United States Recent Private Companies Transactions Type Date Target No transactions available in the past 12 months. Request Profile Update\\" ]

[ " How is Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome diagnosed? DMC syndrome may be suspected following a thorough clinical evaluation, a detailed patient history, and identification of characteristic findings (e.g., barrel chest, and disproportionate short stature). Radiographs may confirm specific skeletal abnormalities and findings consistent with DMC syndrome. Genetic testing can also confirm a diagnosis. Is genetic testing available for Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome? GeneTests lists the name of the laboratory that performs clinical genetic testing for Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome. To view the contact information for this laboratory, click here. Please note: Most of the laboratories listed through GeneTests do not accept direct contact from patients and their families; therefore, if you are interested in learning more, you will need to work with a health care provider or a genetics professional. Below, we provide a list of online resources that can assist you in locating a genetics professional near you." ]

[ " How is von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease diagnosed? The diagnosis of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease can be made based on specific clinical criteria (signs and symptoms), or when molecular genetic testing reveals a mutation in the VHL gene. Tests that may be used to establish a clinical diagnosis include: MRI of the brain and spinal cord fundoscopy ultrasound examination or MRI of the abdomen blood and urinary catecholamine metabolites.", " Doctors diagnose tetralogy of Fallot based on a baby's signs and symptoms, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures.\n \nSigns and symptoms of the heart defect usually occur during the first weeks of life. Your infant's doctor may notice signs or symptoms during a routine checkup. Some parents also notice cyanosis or poor feeding and bring the baby to the doctor. (Cyanosis is a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails.)\n \nSpecialists Involved\n \nIf your child has tetralogy of Fallot, a pediatric cardiologist and pediatric cardiac surgeon may be involved in his or her care.\n \nA pediatric cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating heart problems in children. Pediatric cardiac surgeons repair children's heart defects using surgery.\n \nPhysical Exam\n \nDuring a physical exam, the doctor may:\n \nListen to your baby's heart and lungs with a stethoscope.\n \nLook for signs of a heart defect, such as a bluish tint to the skin, lips, or fingernails and rapid breathing.\n \nLook at your baby's general appearance. Some children who have tetralogy of Fallot also have DiGeorge syndrome. This syndrome causes characteristic facial traits, such as wide-set eyes.\n \nDiagnostic Tests and Procedures\n \nYour child's doctor may recommend several tests to diagnose tetralogy of Fallot. These tests can provide information about the four heart defects that occur in tetralogy of Fallot and how serious they are.\n \nEchocardiography\n \nEchocardiography (echo) is a painless test that uses sound waves to create a moving picture of the heart. During the test, the sound waves (called ultrasound) bounce off the structures of the heart. A computer converts the sound waves into pictures on a screen.\n \nEcho allows the doctor to clearly see any problem with the way the heart is formed or the way it's working.\n \nEcho is an important test for diagnosing tetralogy of Fallot because it shows the four heart defects and how the heart is responding to them. This test helps the cardiologist decide when to repair the defects and what type of surgery to use.\n \nEcho also is used to check a child's condition over time, after the defects have been repaired.\n \nEKG (Electrocardiogram)\n \nAn EKG is a simple, painless test that records the heart's electrical activity. The test shows how fast the heart is beating and its rhythm (steady or irregular). An EKG also records the strength and timing of electrical signals as they pass through the heart.\n \nThis test can help the doctor find out whether your child's right ventricle is enlarged (ventricular hypertrophy).\n \nChest X Ray\n \nA chest x ray is a painless test that creates pictures of the structures in the chest, such as the heart and lungs. This test can show whether the heart is enlarged or whether the lungs have extra blood flow or extra fluid, a sign of heart failure.\n \nPulse Oximetry\n \nFor this test, a small sensor is attached to a finger or toe (like an adhesive bandage). The sensor gives an estimate of how much oxygen is in the blood.\n \nCardiac Catheterization\n \nDuring cardiac catheterization (KATH-eh-ter-ih-ZA-shun), a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is put into a vein in the arm, groin (upper thigh), or neck. The tube is threaded to the heart.\n \nSpecial dye is injected through the catheter into a blood vessel or one of the heart's chambers. The dye allows the doctor to see the flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels on an x-ray image.\n \nThe doctor also can use cardiac catheterization to measure the pressure and oxygen level inside the heart chambers and blood vessels. This can help the doctor figure out whether blood is mixing between the two sides of the heart." ]

[ "Lung ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is correlated with poor clinical outcome. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) are produced by pulmonary epithelial cells during lung transplantation and are considered to be involved in I/R injury. The volatile anaesthetic sevoflurane has been shown to exert a protective effect on I/R injury in various organs. We investigated the effect of sevoflurane on the inflammatory functions of pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro. Human normal small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) were incubated under anoxic conditions for 24 h with or without sevoflurane and then stimulated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α under hyperoxic conditions for 5 h with or without sevoflurane. After incubation, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 mRNA expression was analysed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the effects of sevoflurane on inflammatory gene expression were examined by DNA microarray analysis, and the effects of sevoflurane on NF-κB-mediated inflammatory cytokine production were examined by immunoblotting" ]

[ "Post-conditioning with volatile anesthetics can create ischemic tolerance against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study was designed to determine whether delayed exposure to sevoflurane could induce ischemic tolerance and if this effect was dependent on increasing phosphorylated Akt-Ser473 and GSK-3β-Ser9 expression in the mitochondria, via a mechanism involving the PI3K/Akt pathway. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. Sevoflurane post-conditioning was achieved by administration of 2.5% sevoflurane for 60 min, 15 min after reperfusion. Phosphorylated Akt-Ser473 and GSK-3β-Ser9 in the cytosol and mitochondria of the ischemic penumbra were evaluated 4, 12, 24, and 72 h after reperfusion. Neurological deficit score and activity of caspase-3 and -9 were evaluated 24 and 72 h after reperfusion. Apoptosis, as measured by TUNEL staining and cerebral infarct size,was determined 24h after reperfusion. Sevoflurane-delayed post-conditioning significantly increased levels of phosphorylated Akt-Ser473 and GSK-3β-Ser9 in the mitochondria and inhibited the activities of caspase-3 and -9, showing an improved neurological deficit score and a decreased infarct size. However, LY294002, a selective PI3K inhibitor, not only eliminated the neuroprotection of sevoflurane, as indicated by an increased infarct size and a larger number of TUNEL-positive cells, but also reversed the elevation of p-Akt and p-GSK-3β expression in the mitochondria induced by sevoflurane post-conditioning", "General anesthesia in patients with or at risk for neuronal injury remains challenging due to the controversial influence of volatile anesthetics on neuronal damage. We hypothesized that isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane would exert variable degrees of neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo via activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75). SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD, 16 hours), preceded or followed by incubation with isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane (1.2 minimal alveolar concentration, 2 hours). Neuronal cell death was analyzed by flow cytometry (mitochondrial membrane potential, Annexin V/propidium iodide [AV/Pi]) and quantification of lactate dehydrogenase release. We analyzed NF-κB activity by DNA-binding ELISA and luciferase assay. The role of p75 was studied using the p75-blocking peptide TAT-pep5 and siRNA knockdown. The effect of isoflurane ±p75 inhibition on retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in adult Sprague-Dawley rats was assessed by analyzing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density. Isoflurane but not sevoflurane or desflurane postexposure aggravated OGD-induced neuronal cell death (AV/Pi positive cells: OGD 41.1% [39.0/43.3] versus OGD + isoflurane 48.5% [46.4/63.4], P = 0.001). Isoflurane significantly increased NF-κB DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of NF-κB (relative Luminescence Units: OGD 500 [499/637] versus OGD + isoflurane 1478 [1363/1643], P = 0.001). Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA knockdown of p75 counteracted the aggravating effects of isoflurane. Isoflurane increased RGC damage in vivo (IRI 1479 RGC/mm(2) [1311/1697] versus IRI + isoflurane 1170 [1093/1211], P = 0.03), which was counteracted by p75-inhibition via TAT-pep5 (P = 0.02)" ]

[ "While My Guitar Gently Weeps \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 double album \"\"The Beatles\"\" (also known as \"\"the White Album\"\"). It was written by George Harrison, the band's lead guitarist. The song serves as a comment on the disharmony within the Beatles following their return from studying Transcendental Meditation in India in early 1968. This lack of camaraderie was reflected in the band's initial apathy towards the composition, which Harrison countered by inviting his friend and occasional collaborator, Eric Clapton, to contribute to the recording. Clapton overdubbed" ]

[ "Mellotron's standard tape library. \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" was written by Harrison during a visit he made to his parents' home in Cheshire. He first recorded the song as a solo performance, on acoustic guitar, on 25 July – a version that remained unreleased until \"\"Anthology 3\"\". He was unhappy with the group's first attempt to record the track, and so invited his friend Eric Clapton to come and play on it. Clapton was unsure about guesting on a Beatles record, but Harrison said the decision was \"\"nothing to do with them. It's my song.\"\" Clapton's solo was treated", "While Heaven Wept While Heaven Wept (often abbreviated as WHW) is an epic doom metal band based in Dale City, Virginia, United States. The primary writer and overall engine of the band is mainman Tom Phillips. Their melodic, classically influenced style could be compared to bands such as Solitude Aeturnus and Solstice (the latter of which Tom Phillips is a former member); however, 2003's acclaimed \"\"Of Empires Forlorn\"\" saw the band branching out into a variety of metal and progressive styles. This trend continues on their 2009 album, \"\"Vast Oceans Lachrymose\"\", and on their 2011 album, \"\"Fear of Infinity\"\". While" ]

[ "The simulations aren't predictions of the future of policymakers taking action to prevent damage" ]

[ "Simulations predict the future" ]

[ "The issue of long hiring times in the majority of federal agencies needs to be discussed." ]

[ "Federal agency hiring times are so fast that there's no need to shorten them." ]

[ "after all its players dropped out. This was because of the offer of amnesty given by BCCI to players choosing to leave the ICL. Since the ICL was conducted by Zee Telefilms, the ICL was broadcast in most domains on the Zee network. In November 2008, the Bangladeshi government set a ban on the broadcasting of live matches of the ICL on the private held Diganta TV channel in the country. This would extend to the ICL World Series featuring the country's national team. Indian Cricket League The Indian Cricket League (ICL) was a private cricket league funded by Zee" ]

[ "the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by 9 wickets in the final to claim the title. The first Twenty20 match held at Lord's, on 15 July 2004 between Middlesex and Surrey, attracted a crowd of 27,509, the highest attendance for any county cricket game at the ground – other than a one-day final – since 1953. Thirteen teams from different parts of the country participated in Pakistan's inaugural competition in 2004, with Faisalabad Wolves the first winners. On 12 January 2005 Australia's first Twenty20 game was played at the WACA Ground between the Western Warriors and the Victorian Bushrangers.", "in 2010 by selling franchise rights for four teams in the inaugural season. For the second season two additional teams were added. The inaugural season took place in 2011, which was contested by 4 teams - Chennai Rhinos, Telugu Warriors, Mumbai Heroes and Karnataka Bulldozers. With CCL season 1, the organisers planned to create awareness about Anti Piracy. Chennai Rhinos defeated Karnataka Bulldozers in a thriller and emerged as the inaugural CCL champions. The second season was conducted from 13 Jan to 13 Feb 2012. Two new cricket teams, the Kerala Strikers and the Bengal Tigers were added to the" ]

[ "3. That they will remain silent in the Lodge and not talk of Christ. 4. That they are approaching the Lodge in spiritual darkness and ignorance, when the Bible says Christians are already in the light, children of the light, and are indwelt by the Light of the World—Jesus Christ. 5.t is our contention that this is because they do not truly understand Freemasonry. Each person should pray for wisdom and discernment from the Lord as to whether to be involved with Freemasonry. This article was reviewed and approved for accuracy by a former Worshipful Master of a Blue Lodge." ]

[ "Freemasonry is not a religion. Freemasonry has the look of a religion, said Jacob. You think of religion as ritual, there's also this ritual element. But there are no priests, there are no ministers, there are no rabbis, there's no system of clergy of any sort. Everybody's their own thinker..", "What is a Freemason? Freemasonry has been around for a long time and is shrouded in secrecy and intrigue. Masons swear on oath that they will not divulge the secrets of this secret society.But why is this necessary if they have nothing to hide? So what is a Freemason and what is Freemasonry?Is it a religion?reemasonry has been around for a long time and is shrouded in secrecy and intrigue. Masons swear on oath that they will not divulge the secrets of this secret society." ]

[ "Aston at Poipu Kai. Aston at Poipu Kai is a condominium resort on 70 acres in sunny Poipu, Kauai. This resort delights guests with beautiful ocean views, tropical gardens and a wide variety of accommodations including one-, two- and three-bedroom suites and a collection of three- and four-bedroom private homes." ]

[ "The rich amenities and luxurious accommodations at the brand new Koloa Landing Resort at Poipu Beach are set among 25 acres of lush tropical oasis. The Resort is located less than a mile from the legendary Poipu Beach and boasts two beautiful resort style pools with meandering lagoons and cascading waterfalls. A paradise of natural and cultural treasures on Kauai's South Shore awaits you, at Koloa Landing. ...", "Located 35 feet from the surf, my Poipu condo is one of the best places to stay on the Island of Kauai. It has the best close up ocean views on the entire Island." ]

[ "In this study, a pseudodouble-chained ion pair amphiphile (IPA), hexadecyltrimethylammoniumdodecylsulfate (HTMA-DS), and dialkyldimethylammonium bromide (DXDAB) with different chain lengths were used as the main materials to fabricate positively charged catanionic vesicles with various mole fractions of cholesterol. The effects of cholesterol and DXDAB alkyl chain length on physical stability of the catanionic vesicles were then investigated by size, zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared analyses. With the presence of cholesterol in the mixed HTMA-DS/DXDAB vesicles or with increasing the DXDAB content in the presence of a proper amount of cholesterol, the physical stability of the catanionic vesicles could be enhanced. The spacing effect of cholesterol would reduce the counterion binding tendency at the charged vesicle surfaces, resulting in a more pronounced charge character of the catanionic vesicles. Furthermore, cholesterol-induced disordered structure contributed to the flexibility of the vesicular bilayers. Thus the physical stability of the vesicles was improved by adding cholesterol. With increasing the hydrocarbon chain length of DXDAB, cholesterol located toward the middle of the bilayers, enhancing the effects of cholesterol on charge and molecular packing characteristics of the vesicles. This led to a more pronounced stability enhancement effect on the vesicles with a longer alkyl chain length of DXDAB. The results suggested that the presence of cholesterol in the HTMA-DS/DXDAB catanionic vesicles could enhance vesicle stability through adjusting intra-vesicle and/or inter-vesicle interactions. In addition, the stability enhancement effect was more pronounced in the systems with a long DXDAB alkyl chain. The findings will be useful for developing new formulas of catanionic vesicles as drug delivery carriers." ]

[ "Desmosomal cadherins, desmocollins, and desmogleins are cholesterol-dependent entities responsible for the stable adhesion of desmosomes in epithelial cells. Here, we investigated the influence of cellular cholesterol depletion on the dynamic properties of the desmosomal cadherin desmocollin, particularly the lateral mobility and distribution of desmocollin 2 (Dsc2-YFP) in the plasma membrane, and how these properties influence the adhesion strength of desmosomes. Depletion of cellular cholesterol decreased the lateral mobility of Dsc2-YFP and caused dispersion of Dsc2-YFP in the plasma membrane of epithelial MDCK cells. As a consequence of the altered Dsc2-YFP dynamics, the adhesive strength of desmosomes was weakened. Moreover, our study is the first to show and quantify the co-association of desmosomes with cholesterol/sphingomyelin-enriched membrane domains at the ultrastructural level. Taken together, our data emphasize a critical role for the cellular cholesterol content in regulating the lateral mobility and distribution of Dsc2 and show that cholesterol depletion reduces the strength of desmosomal adhesions.", "The effect of cholesterol (CHOL) content on the permeability and fluidity of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposome membrane was investigated. Liposomes encapsulating sulforhodamine B (SRB), a fluorescent dye, were prepared by reverse phase evaporation technique (REV) at various DPPC:CHOL molar ratios (from 100:0 to 100:100). The release kinetics of SRB was studied during 48 h in buffer (pH 7.4) containing NaCl at 37 C. The DPPC:CHOL formulations were also characterized for their size, polydispersity index and morphology. Increasing CHOL concentration induced an increase in the mean liposomes size accompanying with a shape transition from irregular to nanosized, regular and spherical vesicles. The release kinetics of SRB showed a biphasic pattern; the release data was then analyzed using different mathematical models. On the overall, the SRB release was governed by a non-Fickian diffusion during the first period (0-10 h) while it followed a Fickian diffusion between 10 and 48 h. Changes in DPPC liposome membrane fluidity of various batches (CHOL% 0, 10, 20, 30 and 100) were monitored by using 5- and 16 doxyl stearic acids (DSA) as spin labels. CHOL induced a decrease in the bilayer fluidity. Concisely, CHOL represents a critical component in modulating the release of hydrophilic molecules from lipid vesicles." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: Many studies suggest that high-fat diets are linked to the etiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). However, the findings are inconsistent and therefore the association between fat and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma remains unclear. In this study, we aim to quantitatively assess the association between fat consumption and the risk for NHL.METHODS: We reviewed 221 published cohort and case-control studies that reported relative risk (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NHL and fat intake using PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases. A random-effects model computed summary risk estimates.RESULTS: Based on our literature search, 10 of 221 studies (two cohort and eight case-control studies) were relevant to this meta-analysis. There was a significant association between total fat consumption and increased risk of NHL (RR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.12-1.42); in addition, subgroup analysis showed a significant correlation with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (RR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.08-1.84) but not with follicular lymphoma (RR = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.97-1.52), small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.68-1.23), nor with T cell lymphoma (RR = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.60-2.09). The funnel plot revealed no evidence for publication bias.CONCLUSION: Total fat consumption, particularly animal fat, increases the risk for NHL." ]

[ "Blood donation may influence subsequent NHL development via temporary immune system alterations. To test the hypothesis that frequent blood donation is associated with an increased risk of NHL and its most common histologic subtypes, this study followed 36 576 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), who provided information on frequency of blood donation in the past 30 years in 1992. This study confirmed 544 incident cases of NHL through 2010. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazards ratios (HR) and 95% CI for the risk of all NHL and major NHL histologic subtypes associated with number of blood donations. In this prospective study, there was no significant evidence of an association between blood donation frequency and incidence of NHL (age-adjusted HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.94-1.68, comparing > 20 donations vs 0 donations over 30 years, p for trend = 0.18) or of any major NHL subtypes.", "BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been proposed as a cardiometabolic and hepatic fibrosis risk factor in patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of EAT in NAFLD by analyzing 1) the association between EAT, the other metabolic parameters and the severity of steatosis 2) the relationship between cardiovascular (cIMT, cplaques, E/A), liver (presence of NASH and significant fibrosis) damage and metabolic risk factors including EAT 3) the relationship between EAT and genetic factors strongly influencing liver steatosis.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we considered 512 consecutive patients with NAFLD (confirmed by biopsy in 100). EAT, severity of steatosis, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaques were evaluated by ultrasonography and results analysed by multiple linear and logistic regression models. Variables independently associated with EAT (mm) were female gender (p = 0.003), age (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.009), steatosis grade 2 (p = 0.01) and 3 (p = 0.04), fatty liver index (p = 0.001) and statin use (p = 0.03). Variables independently associated with carotid IMT were age (p = 0.0001), hypertension (p = 0.009), diabetes (p = 0.04), smoking habits (p = 0.04) and fatty liver index (p = 0.02), with carotid plaques age (p = 0.0001), BMI (p = 0.03), EAT (p = 0.02),) and hypertension (p = 0.02), and with E/A age (p = 0.0001), diabetes (p = 0.005), hypertension (p = 0.04) and fatty liver index (p = 0.004). In the 100 patients with available liver histology non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was independently associated with EAT (p = 0.04) and diabetes (p = 0.054) while significant fibrosis with EAT (p = 0.02), diabetes (p = 0.01) and waist circumference (p = 0.05). No association between EAT and PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms was found.CONCLUSION: In patients with NAFLD, EAT is associated with the severity of liver and vascular damage besides with the known metabolic risk factors." ]

[ "Type III galactosemia is an inherited disease caused by mutations which affect the activity of UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase (GALE). We evaluated the impact of four disease-associated variants (p.N34S, p.G90E, p.V94M and p.K161N) on the conformational stability and dynamics of GALE. Thermal denaturation studies showed that wild-type GALE denatures at temperatures close to physiological, and disease-associated mutations often reduce GALE's thermal stability. This denaturation is under kinetic control and results partly from dimer dissociation. The natural ligands, NAD(+) and UDP-glucose, stabilize GALE. Proteolysis studies showed that the natural ligands and disease-associated variations affect local dynamics in the N-terminal region of GALE. Proteolysis kinetics followed a two-step irreversible model in which the intact protein is cleaved at Ala38 forming a long-lived intermediate in the first step. NAD(+) reduces the rate of the first step, increasing the amount of undigested protein whereas UDP-glucose reduces the rate of the second step, increasing accumulation of the intermediate. Disease-associated variants affect these rates and the amounts of protein in each state. Our results also suggest communication between domains in GALE. We hypothesize that, in vivo, concentrations of natural ligands modulate GALE stability and that it should be possible to discover compounds which mimic the stabilising effects of the natural ligands overcoming mutation-induced destabilization." ]

[ "Here we describe derivatives of the HEK293T cell line that are defective in their ability to generate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation. Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. Although HEK293T cells are tetraploid, we found this approach to be an efficient method to target and disrupt all 4 copies of the target gene. Deficient glycosylation in the GALE knockout cell line could be rescued by the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media. However, when key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways were disrupted in tandem (GALE+GALK1 or GALE+GALK2), O-glycosylation was eliminated and could not be rescued by the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc. GALK1 and GALK2 are key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways. Mass spectrometry was performed on whole cell lysate of the knockout cell lines to verify the glycosylation phenotype. As expected, the GALE knockout was almost completely devoid of all O-glycosylation, with minimal glycosylation as a result of functional salvage pathways. However, the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines were devoid of all O-glycans. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 had little effect on the N-glycome. But when GALE was knocked out in tandem with GALK1, N-glycans were exclusively of the high mannose type. Due to the well-characterized nature of these five knockout cell lines, they will likely prove useful for a wide variety of applications.", "Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene are a strong genetic risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy Bodies. However the penetrance of GBA mutations is low for these diseases in heterozygous carriers. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between mutation status and cognitive and motor functioning in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Using linear mixed effects models, we examined the effect of heterozygous mutation status on 736 community-dwelling older adults (?70years) without dementia or Parkinson's disease assessed over an average of 6years, 28 of whom had a single GBA mutation (primarily N370S). Verbal memory was measured using the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, and carriers showed significantly (p < 0.05) greater decline in verbal memory over time. There was no difference in motor function or any other cognitive domain. Taken together, these results suggest an effect, but an overall limited burden, of harboring a single GBA mutation in aging mutation carriers." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: In special circumstances, establishing public private partnerships for malaria elimination may achieve targets faster than the state sector acting by itself. Following the end of the separatist war in Sri Lanka in 2009, the Anti Malaria Campaign (AMC) of Sri Lanka intensified malaria surveillance jointly with a private sector partner, Tropical and Environmental Diseases and Health Associates Private Limited (TEDHA) with a view to achieving malaria elimination targets by 2014.METHODS: This is a case study on how public private partnerships can be effectively utilized to achieve malaria elimination goals. TEDHA established 50 Malaria Diagnostic Laboratories and 17 entomology surveillance sentinel sites in consultation with the AMC in areas difficult to access by government officials (five districts in two provinces affected by war).RESULTS: TEDHA screened 994,448 individuals for malaria, of which 243,867 were screened at mobile malaria clinics as compared to 1,102,054 screened by the AMC. Nine malaria positives were diagnosed by TEDHA, while the AMC diagnosed 103 malaria cases in the same districts in parallel. Over 13,000 entomological activity days were completed. Relevant information was shared with AMC and the data recorded in the health information system.CONCLUSIONS: A successful public-private partnership model for malaria elimination was initiated at a time when the health system was in disarray in war ravaged areas of Sri Lanka. This ensured a high annual blood examination rate and screening of vulnerable people in receptive areas. These were important for certification of malaria-free status which Sri Lanka eventually received in 2016." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Control programmes for high burden countries are tasked with charting effective multi-year strategies for malaria control within significant resource constraints. Synergies between different control tools, in which more than additive benefit accrues from interventions used together, are of interest because they may be used to obtain savings or to maximize health impact per expenditure. One commonly used intervention in sub-Saharan Africa is indoor residual spraying (IRS), typically deployed through a mass campaign. While possible synergies between IRS and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) have been investigated in multiple transmission settings, coordinated synergy between IRS and other mass medical distribution campaigns have not attracted much attention. Recently, a strong timing-dependent synergy between an IRS campaign and a mass drug administration (MDA) was theoretically quantified. These synergistic benefits likely differ across settings depending on transmission intensity and its overall seasonal pattern.METHODS: High coverage interventions are modelled in different transmission environments using two methods: a Ross-Macdonald model variant and openmalaria simulations. The impact of each intervention strategy was measured through its ability to prevent host infections over time, and the effects were compared to the baseline case of deploying interventions in isolation.RESULTS: By modelling IRS and MDA together and varying their deployment times, a strong synergy was found when the administered interventions overlapped. The added benefit of co-timed interventions was robust to differences in the models. In the Ross-Macdonald model, the impact compared was roughly double the sequential interventions in most transmission settings. Openmalaria simulations of this medical control augmentation of an IRS campaign show an even stronger response with the same timing relationship.CONCLUSIONS: The strong synergies found for these control tools between the complementary interventions demonstrate a general feature of effective concurrent campaign-style vector and medical interventions. A mass treatment campaign is normally short-lived, especially in higher transmission settings. When co-timed, the rapid clearing of the host parasite reservoir via chemotherapy is protected from resurgence by the longer duration of the vector control. An effective synchronous treatment campaign has the potential to greatly augment the impact of indoor residual spraying. Mass screening and treatment (MSAT) with highly sensitive rapid diagnostic tests may demonstrate a comparable trend while mass LLIN campaigns may similarly coordinate with MDA/MSAT.", "The Sri Lankan Anti-Filariasis campaign distributed five rounds of mass drug administration (MDA with diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole) to some 10 million people in eight districts between 2002 and 2006. Sri Lanka was recognized by the WHO for having eliminated lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a public health problem in 2016. However, recent studies by our group documented pockets with persistent LF in coastal Sri Lanka, especially in Galle district. The present study was performed to reexamine an area previously identified as a potential hotspot for persistent LF (Balapitiya Public Health Inspector area, population 17,500). A community survey documented high rates for circulating filarial antigenemia (3%, confidence interval [CI]: 1.8-4.9) and microfilaremia (1%, CI: 0.5-2.5%). Circulating filarial antigenemia rates were 2.8-fold higher in males than females. High prevalence was also observed for anti-filarial antibodies in young children (5.7%, CI: 3.7-8.4%) and for filarial DNA in vector mosquitoes (5.2%, CI: 4.2-6.3%). Spatial data showed that persistent LF was dispersed across the entire study area. Other studies showed that persistent LF was not limited to Balapitiya and not solved by additional rounds of MDA. Molecular xenomonitoring studies conducted in 2016 in 22 of 168 Public Health Midwife areas in the coastal Galle evaluation unit (approximate population 600,000) found that 179 of 660 (27%) pools of Culex collected from all areas were positive for Wuchereria bancrofti DNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction; the estimated infection rate in mosquitoes was 1.26%, CI: 1.0-1.5%. Interventions other than routine MDA will be required to remove LF hotspots in Balapitiya and in other areas in coastal Sri Lanka." ]

[ "Qushi Huayu Decoction (QHD), an important clinically proved herbal formula, has been reported to be effective in treating fatty liver induced by high-fat diet in rats. However, the mechanism of action has not been clarified at the metabolic level. In this study, a urinary metabolomic method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with pattern recognition analysis was performed in three groups (control, model, and QHD group), to explore the effect of QHD on fatty liver and its mechanism of action. There was obvious separation between the model group and control group, and the QHD group showed a tendency of recovering to the control group in metabolic profiles. Twelve candidate biomarkers were identified and used to explore the possible mechanism. Then, a pathway analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 3.0 to illustrate the pathways of therapeutic action of QHD. QHD reversed the urinary metabolite abnormalities (tryptophan, uridine, and phenylalanine, etc.). Fatty liver might be prevented by QHD through regulating the dysfunctions of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. This work demonstrated that metabolomics might be helpful for understanding the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine for future clinical evaluation." ]

[ "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome. Although NAFLD is a major cause of cirrhosis and cancer of the liver of unknown cause, no established pharmacological treatment for NAFLD has been established yet. It has been reported that leptin treatment improved fatty liver dramatically as well as insulin resistance and hyperphagia in patients with lipodystrophy. However, it is unclear whether leptin improves fatty liver independently of these metabolic improvements. We investigated the liver effect of leptin independently of insulin sensitization and appetite suppression using hepatocyte-specific Pten-deficient (AlbCrePtenff) mouse, a model of severe fatty liver with insulin hypersensitivity. Male AlbCrePtenff mice were infused subcutaneously with leptin (20 ng/g/h) for 2 weeks using osmotic minipumps. Leptin infusion effectively reduced liver weight, liver triglyceride content, and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) concentrations as well as food intake and body weight without the change of plasma insulin concentration in AlbCrePtenff mice. Pair-feeding also reduced body weight but not liver triglyceride content. Pair feeding reduced 1 and 2 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activities and PGC1 gene expression in the liver, while leptin infusion unchanged them. The present study clearly demonstrated that leptin improve fatty liver independently of insulin sensitization and suppression of food intake. It was suggested that leptin improves fatty liver by stimulation of -oxidation in the liver. The present study might provide a further understanding on the mechanism of metabolic effect of leptin.", "AIM: Several drugs have been used for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study is a network meta-analysis of such drugs.DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS: Randomised clinical trials comparing drug interventions in patients with NAFLD were analysed. OR and weighted mean difference (95 % CI) were the effect estimates for categorical and numerical outcomes, respectively. Random-effects model was used to generate pooled estimates. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve was used to rank the treatments.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of responders was the primary outcome measure and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis scores, liver enzymes, lipid profile, body mass index, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, intrahepatic fat and adverse events were the key secondary outcomes.RESULTS: 116 studies were included in the systematic review and 106 in the meta-analysis. Elafibranor, gemfibrozil, metadoxine, obeticholic acid, pentoxifylline, pioglitazone, probiotics, telmisartan, vildagliptin and vitamin E significantly increased the response rate than standard of care. Various other drugs were observed to modify the secondary outcomes favourably. Probiotics was found with a better response in children; and elafibranor, obeticholic acid, pentoxifylline and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The quality of evidence observed was either low or very low.CONCLUSION: In patients with NAFLD, several drugs have been shown to have variable therapeutic benefit. However, the estimates and the inferences should be considered with extreme caution as it might change with the advent of future head-to-head clinical trials." ]

[ "She prefers not to take care of her mother." ]

[ "She enjoys this role." ]

[ "This paper explores the role of the General Practitioner Liaison Nurse (GPLN) in improving integration and coordination of services within Primary Health Care. This position can play a major role in care coordination and cultural change. The GPLN within HealthOne Mt Druitt (HOMD) identifies patients' needs and facilitates communication, case conferencing and care coordination between health and other providers. The priority areas of children and their families at risk or with significant unmet needs, and chronic aged and complex care, were identified as target areas. This paper focuses on the GPLN within the chronic aged and complex care service model. The GPLN within HOMD was able to improve coordination and integration of services for patients of the facility. Activities included organising multidisciplinary services and addressing psychosocial issues. Patients and community health staff identified the importance of the role for improving coordination and integration of services. Decision and policy makers saw the position as vital to the implementation, operation and sustainability of HOMD." ]

[ "Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a neuroendocrine hormone produced by the gastrointestinal tract, plays a significant role in blood glucose regulation; drugs derived from GLP-1 are currently used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In addition to regulating glucose homeostasis, the protective effects of GLP-1 on the cardiovascular system are also of interest. However, the vascular protective mechanisms of GLP-1 remain unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of GLP-1 in the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, proliferation, migration, cyclin D1 expression, and phosphorylation of MLC, as well as RhoA and Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) expression, were increased in rat aorta smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) following incubation with angiotensin II (Ang II). These effects were significantly attenuated by GLP-1, forskolin (a cAMP activator) and Y-27632 (a ROCK2 inhibitor). However, H89 (a PKA inhibitor) inhibited the action of GLP-1, both in terms of inhibition of RASMC proliferation and migration, and RHOA/ROCK2 expression. These results indicate that GLP-1 inhibits Ang II-induced RASMC proliferation and migration via the cAMP/PKA/RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway. Our data suggest that GLP-1 should be considered for use in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases, in addition to its current use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.", "Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2, secreted by L cells in the small intestine, has anti-inflammatory effects in the gastrointestinal tract. A GLP-2 analogue has been an effective treatment for Crohn disease (CD). G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 40 and GPR120 are probably involved in GLP-2 production, the mechanisms of which remain unclear. In our experiments, normal ileal mucosa expressed GPR40, but rarely expressed GPR120. However, both GPRs were overexpressed in the L cells of the inflamed ileal mucosa of CD patients. Mucosal inflammation induced the overexpression of GPR40, GPR120, and several inflammatory cytokines, with correlations between ileal concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and GPR expression levels; however, inflammation did not induce the expression of proglucagon, a precursor of GLP-2 in CD patients. In rat L cells and GLUTag cells, TNF- treatment increased GPR120 mRNA expression without affecting GPR40 mRNA expression. Dual agonists of GPR40 and GPR120, GW9508 and linoleic acid, respectively, increased GLP-2 production from L cells, but these agonists decreased it in the presence of TNF-. The GPR40 antagonist, GW1100, inhibited the GW9508-induced increase in GLP-2 production, and silencing GPR120 resulted in further elevation of GLP-2 production. Thus, GPR120-dependent signaling inhibited the stimulatory effects of GPR40 on GLP-2 expression, and TNF- treatment decreased GLP-2 expression by up-regulating GPR120 expression in L cells." ]

[ "An older woman crossing in front of a car." ]

[ "An older woman in a track suit jogging on the sidewalk." ]

[ ". . Thanks for this query. As a patient of epilepsy you must know that before stopping any antiepileptic Chat Doctor. Secondly by nature AED are CNS depressants & hence abruptly stopping any AED without dose reduction & proper taper may cause recurrence of seizure which evidently happened in your case. Third & most important point is Epilepsy either controlled or poorly controlled is an independent risk factor for Psychiatric problems; most common of which is depressive illness. Your current symptom profile of feeling excessively stressed out/overwhelmed, irritability, body pains, fatigue etc. are indicators that you are probably suffering from mild-moderate depression. Hence, you need to consult a Psychiatrist for a full formal evaluation & treatment of your stress related problems followed by evaluation by an MD (medicine) or DM (Neurology) doctor to decide upon whether you need further continued treatment with AE" ]

[ "epression has low mood and lack of interest and sleep disturbances, and it should persist throughout the day for 2 weeks. You should consult psychiatrist for better outcome. This kind of condition can be treated with SSRI . SSRI like Escitalopram is very useful in young age. Beside this exercise, meditation, diet, proper sleep all can help. if you have a sleep problem then holiday 5 mg is beneficial to restore good sleep. Still have a query then feel free to ask. Happy to help you. Thank you", "I have read your message. I think I can help you. The symptoms of the query are quite suggestive of a stroke. The sudden onset of the symptoms, the motor weakness, the swallowing and speaking difficulty, the shaking of hands. All symptoms are suggestive of the diagnosis of stroke. The fact that he had been having similar episodes over the last 3 months is suggestive of mini strokes that we call TIA medically. These are usually warning signs of an impending stroke. I am unaware from the query about the duration of the symptoms. Within 4 to 8 hours onset should be treated urgently and should be visiting an EMR as soon as possible. He will need urgent treatment. If it is more than that, he needs to meet a neurologist who will probably perform a CAT scan of the brain with or without the angiogram (depending on the protocol of the hospital). As per the report of the CAT scan, medicines may be initiated. I think a low dose statin and antiplatelet should help. I would suggest a scan prior to the initiation of the medicines because the closest differential is a possible cerebral hemorrhage (less likely in view of the mini strokes) where these medicines are not to be given. Meanwhile, I think you should start him on physiotherapy for the motor weakness. Another chance I want to consider here is possible diabetes and hypoglycemia attacks. If the GP has thought about this as a possibility and tested sugars, there is probably nothing to worry about. Otherwise, hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient would explain the brief episodes. And a hypoglycemia can also explain the prolonged symptoms. In such a case, sugars need to be well monitored. The third possibility I need to consider is a vasculitis. This is a common cause of stroke, but usually is thought of in young patients. The last 2 causes I have considered in the view of preexisting foot ulcers which cannot be explained by TIA or current stroke as the ulcers predate the stroke. I think you need to get the scan and meet up with a neurologist. Unfortunately, as explained, I cannot suggest medications without the scan. I have tried to make it as simple as possible. Please feel free to contact me for any further clarification" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To further analyze the relation between coffee, tea, and energy drinks and bladder cancer risk, considering dose, duration, and other time-related factors.METHODS AND RESULTS: A multicentric case-control study on 690 bladder cancer cases and 665 hospital controls was conducted in Italy between 2003 and 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) for bladder cancer were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. Sex-, age-, and tobacco-adjusted ORs were 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-1.94) for current drinkers and 1.69 (95% CI 1.05-2.72) for lifetime drinkers of ?4 cups/day, compared with non- or occasional coffee drinkers. The corresponding ORs for an increment of 1 cup/day were 1.03 (95% CI 0.96-1.11) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.99-1.15). No association was found between bladder cancer risk and duration or age at starting, and no significant heterogeneity was found according to age and sex, although a slight increased risk emerged in never smokers. Decaffeinated coffee, tea, cola, and energy drinks were not related with bladder cancer risk.CONCLUSION: Our study found no significant relation between coffee and bladder cancer risk after accounting for smoking, although the OR was above unity for high lifetime habit. The lack of dose and duration relationships, however, suggests the absence of a causal relation." ]

[ "Studies of coffee and tea consumption and caffeine intake as risk factors for breast cancer are inconclusive. We assessed coffee and tea consumption, caffeine intake, and possible confounding factors among 42,099 women from the Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health study, the participants of which were aged 30-49 years at enrollment in 1991-1992. Complete follow-up for breast cancer incidence was performed through 2012 via linkage to national registries. Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer. During follow-up 1,395 breast cancers were diagnosed. The RR was 0.97 (95% CI 0.94-0.99) for a 1-unit increase in cups of coffee/day, 1.14 (95% CI 1.05-1.24) for a 1-unit increase in cups of tea/day, and 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-1.00) for a 100 mg/day increase in caffeine intake. Although the RR for no consumption (RR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.69-1.08), a group with a relatively small number of women, was not statistically significant, women with higher consumption had a decreased breast cancer risk (3-4 cups/day: RR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-1.00; ?5 cups/day: RR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.94) compared to women consuming 1-2 cups of coffee/day. Compared to no consumption, women consuming >1 cups tea/day showed an increased breast cancer risk (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.00-1.42). Similar patterns of estimates were observed for breast cancer risk overall, during pre- and postmenopausal years, and for ER+ or PR+ breast cancer, but not for ER- and PR- breast cancer. Our findings suggest that coffee consumption and caffeine intake is negatively associated with the risk of overall and ER+/PR- breast cancer, and tea consumption is positively associated with the risk of overall and ER+/PR+ breast cancer.", "A meta-analysis was performed to assess the association of coffee consumption with colorectal cancer and to investigate the shape of the association. Relevant prospective cohort studies were identified by a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases from their inception through August 2015. Either a random-effects model or fixed-effects model was used to compute the pooled risk estimates when appropriate. Linear and nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses were also performed. Nineteen prospective cohort studies involving 2,046,575 participants and 22,629 patients with colorectal cancer were included. The risk of colon cancer was decreased by 7% for every 4 cups per day of coffee (RR=0.93, 95%CI, 0.88-0.99; P=0.199). There was a threshold approximately five cups of coffee per day, and the inverse association for colorectal cancer appeared to be stronger at a higher range of intake. However, a nonlinear association of rectal cancer with coffee consumption was not observed (P for nonlinearity = 0.214). In conclusion, coffee consumption is significantly associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer at ? 5 cups per day of coffee consumption. The findings support the recommendations of including coffee as a healthy beverage for the prevention of colorectal cancer." ]

[ "Larger food portions lead to increased intake but the mechanism behind this effect is unclear. We investigated the effect of portion size on bite size, eating rate, deceleration rate, and meal duration. Thirty-seven overweight women attended 5 visits after a 3 h fast and consumed a 229, 303, 400, 529 or 700 g portion of a lunch meal in random order. Meal eating parameters were measured with the Sussex Ingestion Pattern Monitor. Data were analyzed with mixed effects models. Average bite size increased by 0.22 g for every 100 g increase in portion size (p=0.001); portion size had a non-linear effect on eating rate, increasing with portion sizes up to about 540 g (p=0.01). Deceleration rate (reduction in speed of eating) decreased by 20% (p<0.001) and meal duration increased by 22.5% for every 100 g increase in portion size (p<0.001), relative to the smallest portion" ]

[ "Food less frequently used to provide the necessary nutrients for the survival and the body begins to play a role, which it is not able to cope with, leading to a dysfunctional its use. In an era of obesity, excessive interest in his appearance and lean silhouette assigning too much significance relates to a growing number of young women. Young women due to a period of their procreative years are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of abnormal eating habits that threaten the health of women and their offspring. In young women of reproductive age, to determine the emotional and habitual reasons behind binge eating and the effect that restriction diets can have for achieving desired body mass in relation to physical activity and the willingness to improve their weight. Subjects surveyed were 372 women aged 18 to 27 years (mean 20.6 ± 1.4) who answered a questionnaire on dietary behaviour devised by Ogińska-Bulik and Putyński [21] which had been extended to include body mass perception/image, adoption of slimming diets, levels of physical activity and place of residence. The women's actual body mass, height and body fat (adipose tissue content) were also measured", "Larger portion sizes have increased in tandem with the rise in obesity. Elucidation of the cognitions of children and parents related to portion size is needed to inform the development of effective obesity prevention programs. This study examined cognitions of parents (n = 36) and their school-age children (6 to 11 years; n = 35) related to portion sizes via focus group discussions. Parents and children believed controlling portion sizes promoted health and weight control. Some parents felt controlling portions was unnecessary, particularly if kids were a healthy weight because kids can self-regulate intake. Barriers to serving appropriate portions identified by parents focused largely on kids getting enough, rather than too much, to eat. Parents also identified lack of knowledge of age-appropriate portions as a barrier. Facilitators of portion control cited by parents included purchasing pre-portioned products and using small containers to serve food. Children relied on cues from parents (e.g., amount of food parent served them) and internal hunger/satiety cues to regulate intake but found it difficult to avoid overeating highly palatable foods, at restaurants, and when others were overeating. Results suggest obesity prevention interventions should aim to improve portion sizes cognitions, barrier management, and use of facilitators, in families with school-age children." ]

[ "The arsenic species in rat plasma were studied after oral administration of realgar and Niu Huang Jie Du Pian (NHJDP) and the possible compatible effects of realgar was evaluated by comparing the pharmacokinetics of arsenic species after administration of realgar and NHJDP. The separation of the arsenicals was performed by a high performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-HG-AFS) technique. Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) was found to be the main species in rats’ plasma after dosing. No traces of arsenite [As(?)], monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) or arsenate [As(?)] were detected at any sampling time points. Compared with realgar administration alone, dose-normalized peak concentration(C(max)) and AUC(0-t) of DMA were significantly decreased by NHJDP administration, while the t(max) was significantly delayed with the clearance and apparent volume of distribution significantly increased, indicating that the pharmacokinetics of As from realgar was affected by other ingredients in the compound prescription of NHJDP." ]

[ "The inorganic fraction of arsenic species, iAs=?[As(III)+As(V)] present in fish samples can be quantified in the presence of other arsenic species also found in fishes, such as: monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenobetaine (AsB). The toxic arsenic fraction was selected taking into account the dissociation constants of these arsenic species in different hydrogen ions concentration leading to the arsine formation from iAs compounds detected as As(III) by HG AAS. For thus, a microwave assisted extraction was carried out using HCl 1molL(-1) in order to maintain the integrity of the arsenic species in this mild extraction media. Recovery experiments were done for iAs fraction, in the presence of other arsenic species. The recovery values obtained for iAs fraction added were quantitative about 87-107% (for N=3, RSD?3%). The limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ), were 5gkg(-1) and 16gkg(-1) respectively.", "Arsenic (As) is a non-threshold human carcinogenic. This element can be volatilized either by nature or anthropogenic sources. In the present study, the analytical performance of an As volatile species trapping system was evaluated to assess the As volatilization promoted by Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp., both isolated from rice rhizosphere, and Aspergillus niger sp. considered as a reference. The study was conducted for 60 days (sampling of volatile As species from 1st to 30th day and from 31st to 60th day). The efficiency of As-volatilization was associated with the fungal growth. The highest As volatilization occurred from 31st to 60th day. Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. and A. niger were capable of producing 57.8, 46.4, and 5.2% of volatile arsenic species, respectively. The speciation analysis has shown trimethylarsine (TMAs) as the main volatilized As-form, followed by mono- and dimethylarsine (MMAs and DMAs). The results are following the \"Challenger pathway\". Therefore, the tested fungi isolated from rice rhizosphere have shown promising properties concerning bio-volatilization with potential use for As-mitigation in paddy soils." ]

[ "The dose packs consist of four cards with two, three, four, five or six 2.5-mg tablets. The cost for a weekly dose (7.5 to 15.0 mg) of methotrexate tablets ranges from $6 to $15 for the generic product and from $9 to $22 for Rheumatrex.The weekly cost for methotrexate injection (generic only) ranges from $6 to $25.he dose packs consist of four cards with two, three, four, five or six 2.5-mg tablets. The cost for a weekly dose (7.5 to 15.0 mg) of methotrexate tablets ranges from $6 to $15 for the generic product and from $9 to $22 for Rheumatrex." ]

[ "Dosing. Methotrexate typically comes in 2.5 milligram (mg) tablets. Adults with rheumatoid arthritis usually begin with a starting dose of 7.5 to 10 mg, or 3-4 pills, taken all together once a week. The dose may be increased to 20 to 25 mg a week over time if needed.", "Methotrexate typically comes in 2.5 milligram (mg) tablets. Adults with rheumatoid arthritis usually begin with a starting dose of 7.5 to 10 mg, or 3-4 pills, taken all together once a week. The dose may be increased to 20 to 25 mg a week over time if needed." ]

[ "The name Weldon is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Weldon is: From the spring hill. Teutonic Meaning: The name Weldon is a Teutonic baby name. In Teutonic the meaning of the name Weldon is: From the spring by the hill." ]

[ "Weldon has a total of 1,374 people and of those residents there are 623 males and 751 females. The median age of the male population is 40.1 and the female population is 44.7. There are approximately 797 births each year and around 653 deaths.", "Did you know? The population density in Weldon is 195% higher than North Carolina. The median age in Weldon is 35% higher than North Carolina. In Weldon 27.98% of the population is Caucasian. In Weldon 71.41% of the population is African American. In Weldon 0.00% of the population is Asian." ]

[ "To investigate infancy predictors of impairing functional somatic symptoms (FSS) at child ages 5-7 years with a focus on problems with feeding, sleep, and tactile reactivity. This study is part of a longitudinal birth cohort study, Copenhagen Child Cohort CCC2000. Child health, development, and functioning were assessed by community health nurses at 4 home visits from birth to age 10 months. FSS at ages 5-7 years were measured by the Soma Assessment Interview in 1327 children. Sociodemographic data and information on maternal psychiatric illness were obtained from the Danish National Registers. Multiple logistic regression analysis controlled for maternal psychiatric illness and annual household income revealed that combined infancy regulatory problems (ie, at least 2 of 3 problems of feeding, sleeping, or tactile reactivity during the first 10 months of living) predicted impairing FSS at 5-7 years (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3-6.6). Maternal psychiatric illness during the child's first year of living was also associated with later child FSS (aOR = 7.1, 95% CI: 1.8-27.8)" ]

[ "An inactive lifestyle has been associated with functional somatic symptoms (FSS), but findings are contradictory. Moreover, mediating factors in this relationship are unclear. We examined whether low physical activity was related to FSS in adolescents, and whether this association was mediated by low physical fitness. This study was part of the Dutch longitudinal cohort study TRAILS, in which 1816 adolescents (mean age 16.3 years, SD 0.7) participated during the third (T3) and 1881 (mean age 19.1 years, SD 0.6) during the fourth (T4) assessment waves. Adolescents' exercise and sedentary behavior levels and the number of FSS were assessed by questionnaires at T3 and T4. Physical fitness (VO2Max) was determined for 687 adolescents by a shuttle run test at T3. The association between physical activity and FSS was examined with bootstrapped linear regression analyses, adjusted for smoking and gender. In addition, bootstrapped mediation analyses were performed. A lack of exercise (b=0.05, bootstrap 95%--CI: 0.01 to 0.09) and high sedentary behavior (b=0.10, bootstrap 95%--CI: 0.06 to 0.14) at T3 were positively associated with FSS at T3. Since no longitudinal effects were found, shared associations were tested instead of mediation. The associations between a lack of exercise and FSS, and sedentary behavior and FSS were shared with physical fitness (b=0.01, bootstrap 95%--CI: 0.010.02. and b=0.03, bootstrap 95%--CI: 0.010.05)", "BACKGROUND: Measures of executive function (EF), such as the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, distinguish children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from control subjects, but less work has examined relationships to depression or brain network organization. This study examined whether early childhood EF predicted new onset or worsening of ADHD and/or depression and examined how early childhood EF related to functional connectivity of brain networks at school age.METHODS: Participants included 247 children who were enrolled at 3 to 6 years of age from a prospective study of emotion development. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Global Executive Composite score was used as the measure of EF in early childhood to predict ADHD and depression diagnoses and symptoms across school age. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging network analyses examined global efficiency in the frontoparietal, cingulo-opercular, salience, and default mode networks and six \"hub\" seed regions selected to examine between-network connectivity.RESULTS: Early childhood EF predicted new onset and worsening of ADHD and depression symptoms across school age. Greater EF deficits in preschool predicted increased global efficiency in the salience network and altered connectivity with four regions for the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex hub and one region with the insula hub at school age. This altered connectivity was related to increasing ADHD and depression symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: Early executive deficits may be an early common liability for risk of developing ADHD and/or depression and were associated with altered functional connectivity in networks and hub regions relevant to executive processes. Future work could help clarify whether specific EF deficits are implicated in the development of both disorders." ]

[ "Various statements are made concerning peaks of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and double product (product of HR and systolic BP) as triggers for ST-segment depression. The aim of the present study was to identify determinants of ST-segment depression with a new ambulatory device for simultaneous 24-h electrocardiogram (ECG) and BP monitoring. A total of 63 treated patients (63 +/- 9 years, 33 women and 30 men) with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease were studied with a new ambulatory 24-h BP measurement (ABPM) device evaluated according to the BHS protocol (Cardiotens, Meditech, Hungary). This device allows simultaneous ST-segment analysis with extra BP recordings triggered by episodes of ST-segment depression. ST-segment (Holter ECG) depression (> 1 mm and > 60 s) was demonstrated in 26 patients with a mean duration of 4.95 +/- 2.6 min and a peak in the early morning hours. All ST-segment depressions were silent and occurred during a significant increase of BP (15 +/- 11 mmHg systolic and 10 +/- 5 mmHg diastolic, compared with the mean ABPM values) and a significant increase of the double product from 10 921 +/- 2 395 (24-h mean) to 14 515 +/- 2329 (during ST-depression). The recorded systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) values from the pre ST-event were significant higher compared with 24-h values (153 +/- 19 versus 145 +/- 22 mmHg systolic, 83 +/- 12 versus 78 +/- 14 diastolic). The mean pulse pressure (PP) value in the group with ST-depression was significantly higher than in the group without ST changes (69 +/- 16 versus 58 +/- 10 mmHg; P < 0.005). A total of 73% of patients with ST-events compared with 35% without ST-events showed a PP >or= 60 mmHg (P = 0.025)" ]

[ "PURPOSE: We determined the prevalence of untreated depression in patients with hypertension (HT) and/or diabetes (DM) and estimated the extra health care use and expenditures associated with this comorbidity in a rural Hungarian adult population. We also assessed the potential workload of systematic screening for depression in this patient group.METHODS: General health check database from a primary care programme containing survey data of 2027 patients with HT and/or DM was linked to the outpatient secondary care use database of National Institute of Health Insurance Fund Management. Depression was ascertained by Beck Depression Inventory score and antidepressant drug use. The association between untreated depression and secondary healthcare utilization indicated by number of visits and expenses was evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis controlled for socioeconomic/lifestyle factors and comorbidity. The age-, sex- and education-specific observations were used to estimate the screening workload for an average general medical practice.RESULTS: The frequency of untreated depression was 27.08%. The untreated severe depression (7.45%) was associated with increased number of visits (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.11-2.31) and related expenses (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.50-3.22) in a socioeconomic status-independent manner. To identify untreated depression cases among patients with HT and/or DM, an average GP has to screen 42 subjects a month.CONCLUSION: It seems to be reasonable and feasible to screen for depression in patients with HT and/or DM in the primary care, in order to detect cases without treatment (which may be associated with increase of secondary care visits and expenditures) and to initiate the adequate treatment of them.", "Early identification of the prehypertensive state can greatly improve the disease risk management. Although increased levels of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and dyslipidemia is reported among patients with hypertension, the correlation of these parameters among prehypertensives in not known. Hence, the present study was designed to compare the levels of serum hsCRP and lipid profile among prehypertensives and normal subjects and correlate it with blood pressure (BP) levels. Anthropometric measurements and BP were recorded in 40 prehypertensive and 40 normal subjects. Subjects were assigned to a group based on their BP as per Joint National Committee 7 criteria. Serum hsCRP and lipid profile were measured and correlated with BP levels. Serum hsCRP showed no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant correlation of BP with hsCRP in both the groups. Total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly increased in prehypertensives as compared to normal subjects. There was no significant association between BP and lipid parameters in prehypertensives" ]

[ "Beginning nannies that live in your home will range from $250 to $400 per week. These are inexperienced individuals that tend to be new to being a nanny. . Those that are trained and do have experience are likely to require a salary that ranges from $350 to well over $1000 per week. . For a nanny that doesnt live with you, or one that works part time, you can expect rates to be dependant on hours and needs. Part time workers can earn $17 per hour to $25 per hour or more, depending on their qualifications." ]

[ "Full Time experienced Nannies are generally paid a weekly salary versus an hourly rate, and is often anywhere from $600 to $900+ per week. The salary is dependent upon the position description, how many children you have, and the experience level the particular Nanny you hire has to offer your family.", "Depending on the province, nanny salaries range from $250 to $400 per week, and payroll taxes anywhere from $20 to $64, after the basic claim. If the employer and employee follow the rules, then the nanny can file incomes taxes. Tax Deductions for Nannies.Nanny tax deductions are valuable because they could pull you down into the lower tax bracket. Nannies can use form T777, Statement of Employment Expenses to calculate any unreimbursed expenses.nreimbursed Mileage; nannies who shuttle the kids back and forth, without non-taxable allowances can deduct the mileage from their taxes. Nannies can deduct .53 cents per kilometer, for the first 5,000 kilometers and .47 cents for each kilometer thereafter." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: We have previously reported using two-step cluster analysis to classify myasthenia gravis (MG) patients into the following five subtypes: ocular MG; thymoma-associated MG; MG with thymic hyperplasia; anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab)-negative MG; and AChR-Ab-positive MG without thymic abnormalities. The objectives of the present study were to examine the reproducibility of this five-subtype classification using a new data set of MG patients and to identify additional characteristics of these subtypes, particularly in regard to response to treatment.METHODS: A total of 923 consecutive MG patients underwent two-step cluster analysis for the classification of subtypes. The variables used for classification were sex, age of onset, disease duration, presence of thymoma or thymic hyperplasia, positivity for AChR-Ab or anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibody, positivity for other concurrent autoantibodies, and disease condition at worst and current. The period from the start of treatment until the achievement of minimal manifestation status (early-stage response) was determined and then compared between subtypes using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test. In addition, between subtypes, the rate of the number of patients who maintained minimal manifestations during the study period/that of patients who only achieved the status once (stability of improved status) was compared.RESULTS: As a result of two-step cluster analysis, 923 MG patients were classified into five subtypes as follows: ocular MG (AChR-Ab-positivity, 77%; histogram of onset age, skewed to older age); thymoma-associated MG (100%; normal distribution); MG with thymic hyperplasia (89%; skewed to younger age); AChR-Ab-negative MG (0%; normal distribution); and AChR-Ab-positive MG without thymic abnormalities (100%, skewed to older age). Furthermore, patients classified as ocular MG showed the best early-stage response to treatment and stability of improved status, followed by those classified as thymoma-associated MG and AChR-Ab-positive MG without thymic abnormalities; by contrast, those classified as AChR-Ab-negative MG showed the worst early-stage response to treatment and stability of improved status.CONCLUSIONS: Differences were seen between the five subtypes in demographic characteristics, clinical severity, and therapeutic response. Our five-subtype classification approach would be beneficial not only to elucidate disease subtypes, but also to plan treatment strategies for individual MG patients." ]

[ "Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness, fatigability, and autoantibodies against protein antigens of the muscle endplate. Antibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR), and less frequently against muscle-Specific Kinase (MuSK) or lipoprotein related protein 4 (LRP4) occur in patients with seropositive MG (SPMG). However, about 10% of patients do not have detectable autoantibodies despite evidence suggesting that the disorder is immune mediated; this disorder is known as seronegative MG (SNMG). Using a protein array approach we identified cortactin (a protein that acts downstream from agrin/MuSK promoting AChR clustering) as potential new target antigen in SNMG. We set up an ELISA assay and screened sera from patients with SPMG, SNMG, other autoimmune diseases and controls. Results were validated by immunoblot. We found that 19.7% of patients with SNMG had antibodies against cortactin whereas only 4.8% of patients with SPMG were positive. Cortactin antibodies were also found in 12.5% of patients with other autoimmune disorders but only in 5.2% of healthy controls. We conclude that the finding of cortactin antibodies in patients with SNMG, suggests an underlying autoimmune mechanism, supporting the use of immune therapy.", "Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness due to neuromuscular junction (NMJ) damage by anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) auto-antibodies and complement. In experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), which is induced by immunization with Torpedo AChR in CFA, anti-AChR IgG2b and IgG1 are the predominant isotypes in the circulation. Complement activation by isotypes such as IgG2b plays a crucial role in EAMG pathogenesis; this suggested the possibility that IgG1, which does not activate complement through the classical pathway, may suppress EAMG. In this study, we show that AChR-immunized BALB/c mice genetically deficient for IgG1 produce higher levels of complement-activating isotypes of anti-AChR, especially IgG3 and IgG2a, and develop increased IgG3/IgG2a deposits at the NMJ, as compared to wild type (WT) BALB/c mice. Consistent with this, AChR-immunized IgG1(-/-) BALB/c mice lose muscle strength and muscle AChR to a greater extent than AChR-immunized WT mice. These observations demonstrate that IgG1 deficiency leads to increased severity of EAMG associated with an increase in complement activating IgG isotypes. Further studies are needed to dissect the specific role or mechanism of IgG1 in limiting EAMG and that of EAMG exacerbating role of complement activating IgG3 and IgG2a in IgG1 deficiency." ]

[ "PUSH vs POP. A stack is a data structure that is used in programming. There are two basic operations that can be performed on a stack to modify its contents, which are called PUSH and POP. The main difference between PUSH and POP is what they do with the stack. PUSH is used when you want to add more entries to a stack while POP is used to remove entries from it. A stack is so named because it places the individual data entries just like a stack of books." ]

[ "an exercise in which the body is alternately raised from and lowered to the floor by the arms only, the trunk being kept straight with the toes and hands resting on the floor Also called (US and Canadian) push-up.", "Regarding the true difference between push and pull, Hopp and Spearman are right on the money: True pull has an upper limit on WIP. Yes, if you explicitly limit your work in progress (WIP), it is a pull system. If not, it is a push system. It has nothing to do with physical pulling or pushing of material or information." ]

[ "The nucleolus is a round body located inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. It is not surrounded by a membrane but sits in the nucleus. The nucleolus makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA, also known as rRNA. It then sends the subunits out to the rest of the cell where they combine into complete ribosomes." ]

[ "It is not surrounded by a membrane but sits in the nucleus. The nucleolus makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA, also known as rRNA. It then sends the subunits out to the rest of the cell where they combine into complete ribosomes.rokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have a nucleus or a nucleolus. In such cells, ribosomes are made in the cytoplasm. The DNA for making these ribosomes is in the nucleoid.", "A vacuole is a membrane-bound sac that allows a plant cell to maintain its form. It also acts as a sort of storage bin for liquids, sustenance, or waste products. A sac-li…ke organelle that stores water, food, and other materials." ]

[ "When a satellite follows a non-circular orbit around the earth, the satellite's path is an ellipse with the center of the earth at one focus. The point of highest altitude in the elliptical orbit is called the apogee. When a satellite follows a non-circular orbit around the earth, the satellite's path is an ellipse with the center of the earth at one focus." ]

[ "apsis - The extreme point of an orbit. eccentric - First meant not concentric as it referred to an orbit in which the Earth was not precisely in the center or straying from a circular path; the area where two circles overlap is the eccentric.", "1. (Astronomy) Also called: apse either of two points lying at the extremities of an eccentric orbit of a planet, satellite, etc, such as the aphelion and perihelion of a planet or the apogee and perigee of the moon. The line of apsides connects two such points and is the principal axis of the orbit." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: There are few studies focusing on the clinical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the clinical features of our patients and their relationship with sun exposure.METHODS: Thirty-six patients diagnosed with MCC (20 men and 16 women, mean age 72.08 years) were included in the study.RESULTS: 21 patients developed MCC in sun-exposed skin and 15 patients in non-sun-exposed areas. MCC was >2 cm in 19 cases. Six of the 7 patients who died as a result of MCC had non-sun-exposed tumors. Only tumor size >2 cm significantly influenced survival (p = 0.033).CONCLUSION: Sun-exposed lesions tended to be <2 cm in diameter and were more common in men, while non-sun-exposed tumors were larger, usually occurring in women and carrying a greater likelihood of death by MCC. Non-sun-exposed tumors usually present as fast-growing, multilobar nodular lesions with a smooth shiny surface." ]

[ "Solar lentigo (SL) is a hallmark of ultraviolet (UV)-induced photoaged skin and growing evidence implicates blood vessels in UV-associated pigmentation. In this study, we investigated whether the vasculatures are modified in SL. Twenty-five women with facial SL were enrolled and colorimetric and blood flow studies were performed. There was a significant increase in erythema which was associated with increased blood flow in the lesional skin compared with perilesional normal skin. Immunohistochemical studies with 24 facial SL biopsies consistently revealed a significant increase in vessel density accompanied by increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. CD68 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in lesional skin suggesting increased macrophage infiltration in SL. In conclusion, SL is characterized by increased blood flow and vasculature. These findings suggest the possible influence of the characteristics of vasculature on development of SL.", "BACKGROUND: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive cutaneous neoplasm that has exhibited an exponential increase in incidence in the past 3 decades. Combined MCC and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC/MCC) is an uncommon variant of MCC that exhibits worse prognosis than pure MCC.OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation, dermoscopy, and histology of an unusual subtype of combined SCC/MCC.METHODS AND RESULTS: A 73-year-old white woman presented with an ulcerated and violaceous 10-mm plaque on her right jawline that had been present for 2 to 3 months. On dermoscopy, the lesion was predominantly milky pink to red with peripheral crusting and large-caliber polymorphous vessels. Histology revealed SCC in situ above and adjacent to MCC. The tumor was excised with clear margins, and sentinel lymph node scintography was negative for nodal involvement." ]

[ "Kids are dewormed the first time at one month of age at Onion Creek Ranch. Deworming kids at an earlier age won't hurt them, but it is a waste of time and money, because they don't begin to eat significant amounts of solid food until they are about three weeks old." ]

[ "Here are some general guidelines for vaccinating and deworming your new puppy or dog. Vaccine and Deworming Schedule for Puppies up to 16 Weeks Old. When Your Puppy is 8 Weeks Old. At the age of 8 weeks, your puppy should get its first distemper / parvo combination vaccine, or 5-in-1 vaccine. It is also time to give the puppy the first dewormer to eliminate intestinal parasites such as roundworm or hookworm.", "Lets recap the feeding schedule: 1 Bottle fed twice a day until 2 months of age (12 - 16 oz per feeding). 2 Bottle feed once a day until 3 months of age. 3 Alfalfa/oat hay. Salt & mineral block available at all 1 times. Clean water available at all times. Goat grain as directed by manufacturer." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore the gene-environment interaction hypothesis applied to pre-symptomatic neurodevelopmental phenotypes of first episode psychosis (FEP), that is, genetic factors might increase vulnerability to the effects of environmental adverse conditions occurring at later stages of development.METHODS: We constructed a schematic 'two-hit' model, with Val/Val homozygosity for the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism as the 'first hit' and history of obstetric complications and parental socioeconomic status as 'second hits'. Early adjustment, measured using the Premorbid Adjustment Scale, was considered the main outcome. The study population comprised 221 adolescents and adults with FEP and 191 sex- and age-matched controls.RESULTS: The interaction between the Val/Val COMT genotype and a positive history of obstetric complications plus low parental socioeconomic status was significantly associated with poorer early adjustment. These results were observed both in FEP individuals and in controls, and remained significant after controlling for age, sex, and diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals carrying Val/Val seem to be more sensitive to the synergistic effect of environmental factors acting early in neurodevelopment, which leads to vulnerability phenotypes such as impaired early adjustment." ]

[ "The environment in which organisms live can greatly influence their development. Consequently, environmental enrichment (EE) is progressively recognized as an important component in the improvement of brain function and development. It has been demonstrated that rodents raised under EE conditions exhibit favorable neuroanatomical effects that improve their learning, spatial memory, and behavioral performance. Here, by using senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8) and these as a model of adverse genetic conditions for brain development, we determined the effect of EE by raising these mice during early life under favorable conditions. We found a better generalized performance of SAMP8 under EE in the results of four behavioral and learning tests. In addition, we demonstrated broad molecular correlation in the hippocampus by an increase in NeuN and Ki67 expression, as well as an increase in the expression of neurotrophic factors, such as pleiotrophin (PTN) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), with a parallel decrease in neurodegenerative markers such as GSK3, amyloid-beta precursor protein, and phosphorylated beta-catenin, and a reduction of SBDP120, Bax, GFAP, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), resulting in a neuroprotective panorama. Globally, it can be concluded that EE applied to SAMP8 at young ages resulted in epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that give rise to significant beneficial effects at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels during brain development, particularly in the hippocampus.", "How plants perceive and respond to temperature remains an important question in the plant sciences. Temperature perception and signal transduction may occur through temperature-sensitive intramolecular folding of primary mRNA transcripts. Recent studies suggested a role for retention of the first intron in the 5'UTR of the clock component LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) in response to changes in temperature. Here, we identified a set of haplotypes in the LHY 5'UTR, examined their global spatial distribution, and obtained evidence that haplotype can affect temperature-dependent splicing of LHY transcripts. Correlations of haplotype spatial distributions with global bioclimatic variables and altitude point to associations with annual mean temperature and temperature fluctuation. Relatively rare relict type accessions correlate with lower mean temperature and greater temperature fluctuation and the spatial distribution of other haplotypes may be informative of evolutionary processes driving colonization of ecosystems. We propose that haplotypes may possess distinct 5'UTR pre-mRNA folding thermodynamics and/or specific biological stabilities based around the binding of trans-acting RNA splicing factors, a consequence of which is scalable splicing sensitivity of a central clock component that is likely tuned to specific temperature environments." ]

[ "Eukaryotic translation is the process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes. It consists of initiation, elongation, translocation, and termination." ]

[ "EUKARYOTIC Dictionary entry overview: What does eukaryotic mean? • EUKARYOTIC (adjective) The adjective EUKARYOTIC has 1 sense: 1. having cells with 'good' or membrane-bound nuclei Familiarity information: EUKARYOTIC used as an adjective is very rare.", "The growing protein exits the ribosome through the polypeptide exit tunnel in the large subunit. Elongation starts when the fMet-tRNA enters the P site, causing a conformational change which opens the A site for the new aminoacyl-tRNA to bind. This binding is facilitated by elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu), a small GTPase.rokaryotic translation is the process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in prokaryotes." ]

[ "Standard 12.4.1: Discuss Article I of the Constitution. as it relates to the legislative branch, including. eligibility for office and lengths of terms of. representatives and senators; election to office; the. roles of the House and Senate in impeachment. proceedings; the roll of the vice-president, the." ]

[ "Article Two of the United States Constitution covers the executive branch of the U. S. government. The article contains four sections. The executive branch includes the me…mbers of the president's cabinet.", "All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Section 2. House of Representatives, how and by whom chosen Qualifications of a Representative. Representatives and direct taxes, how apportioned." ]

[ "As the couch used in external radiation therapy attenuate radiation by interaction, it is necessary to correct attenuation of radiation by inserting a couch model in the treatment planning systems. For a couch whose thickness is different in the superior-inferior direction, it is possible to perform dose calculations with an error within 1% by using separate different couch models provided by vendors. However, it is difficult to correct attenuation correction accurately with a single couch model. In this study, we created an in-house couch model which can set couch shape and physical density in detail by acquiring CT images of actual couch. When we performed dose calculation by optimizing the physical densities of in-house and vendor couch, it was found that the difference between the measured and the calculated values can be significantly reduced by using in-house couch model. Additionally, by using in-house couch model, it is found that the dose attenuation can be corrected within 1% for a couch whose thickness is different in the superior-inferior direction." ]

[ "Attenuation correction (AC) is required for accurate quantitative evaluation of small animal PET data. Our objective was to compare three AC methods in the small animal Clairvivo-PET scanner. The three AC methods involve applying attenuation coefficient maps generated by simulating a cylindrical map (SAC), segmenting the emission data (ESAC), and segmenting the transmission data (TSAC), imaged using a 137Cs single-photon source. Investigation was carried out using a 65mm uniform cylinder and an NEMA NU4 2008 mouse phantom, filled with water or tungsten liquid, to mimic bone. Evaluation was carried out using the difference of the segmented map volume from the known cylindrical phantom volume, the recovery of the radioactivity concentration, and the line profiles. The optimal transmission scan time for achieving accurate AC using TSAC was determined using 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25min transmission scan time. The effects of scatter correction and reconstruction algorithms on ESAC were investigated. SAC showed the best performance but was unable to correct for different tissues and the scanner bed, and faced difficulty with correct positioning of the attenuation coefficient map. ESAC was affected by scatter correction and reconstruction algorithm, and may result in poor boundary delineation, and hence was unreliable. TSAC showed reasonable performance but required further optimization of the default segmentation setting. A minimum transmission scan time of 20min is recommended for Clairvivo-PET using 137Cs source to ensure that sufficient transmission counts are obtained to generate accurate attenuation coefficient map.", "PURPOSE: To develop ultralow dose computed tomography (CT) attenuation correction (CTAC) acquisition protocols for pediatric positron emission tomography CT (PET CT).METHODS: A GE Discovery 690 PET CT hybrid scanner was used to investigate the change to quantitative PET and CT measurements when operated at ultralow doses (10-35 mA s). CT quantitation: noise, low-contrast resolution, and CT numbers for 11 tissue substitutes were analyzed in-phantom. CT quantitation was analyzed to a reduction of 90% volume computed tomography dose index (0.39/3.64; mGy) from baseline. To minimize noise infiltration, 100% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR) was used for CT reconstruction. PET images were reconstructed with the lower-dose CTAC iterations and analyzed for: maximum body weight standardized uptake value (SUVbw) of various diameter targets (range 8-37 mm), background uniformity, and spatial resolution. Radiation dose and CTAC noise magnitude were compared for 140 patient examinations (76 post-ASiR implementation) to determine relative dose reduction and noise control.RESULTS: CT numbers were constant to within 10% from the nondose reduced CTAC image for 90% dose reduction. No change in SUVbw, background percent uniformity, or spatial resolution for PET images reconstructed with CTAC protocols was found down to 90% dose reduction. Patient population effective dose analysis demonstrated relative CTAC dose reductions between 62% and 86% (3.2/8.3-0.9/6.2). Noise magnitude in dose-reduced patient images increased but was not statistically different from predose-reduced patient images.CONCLUSIONS: Using ASiR allowed for aggressive reduction in CT dose with no change in PET reconstructed images while maintaining sufficient image quality for colocalization of hybrid CT anatomy and PET radioisotope uptake." ]

[ "BACKGROUND AND AIM: The incidence of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) is increasing, and effective chemopreventative strategies are needed. We hypothesized that repeated treatments with ingenol mebutate (IngMeb) would postpone development of SCC in hairless mice, and that application of a corticosteroid would reduce IngMeb-induced local skin responses (LSRs) without affecting tumor postponement.METHODS: Hairless mice (n=150; 6 groups ? 25 mice) were irradiated with solar simulated ultraviolet radiation (UVR) until SCC developed. During UV-irradiation and before tumor development, five single treatments (Tx) with IngMeb were given at four-week intervals (days 21, 49, 77, 105, 133). Clobetasol propionate (CP) was applied once daily for 5days prior to IngMeb, as well as 6h and 1day post treatment. Tumor formation was evaluated weekly for 52weeks. LSR (scale 0-24) were assessed at baseline, 1h, 6h, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7days after each IngMeb treatment.RESULTS: IngMeb significantly delayed tumor development compared to UVR alone (UVR day 168 vs. UVR+IngMeb day 189; p=0.025). LSR included erythema, flaking, crusting, bleeding, vesiculation, and ulceration. The composite LSR-scores were of moderate intensity in non-UV irradiated skin (max LSR IngMeb Tx 1-5: 1.5-2.5) and more pronounced in photodamaged skin (max LSR Tx 5; IngMeb 1.5 vs. UVR+IngMeb 1.8; p<0.001). LSR intensity correlated with tumor development by means of greater composite LSR-score resulted in longer tumor-free survival (r(2)=0.257, p<0.001). Contrary to our hypothesis, concurrent CP increased LSR (max LSR Tx 1-5: UVR+CP+IngMeb 3.2-4.9 vs. UVR+IngMeb 1.3-2.2, p<0.001) and postponed tumor development compared to IngMeb alone (UVR+CP+IngMeb day 217 vs. UVR+IngMeb day 189, p<0.001).CONCLUSION: Repeated field-directed treatments with IngMeb delay development of UV-induced SCC in hairless mice, and increased IngMeb induced LSRs correlated with improved clinical outcomes. The findings highlight the potential of IngMeb as a prophylactic remedy for SCC in humans." ]

[ "Topically applied ingenol mebutate (IngMeb) is approved for field-treatment of actinic keratosis and is currently being investigated for treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Ablative fractional lasers (AFXLs) generate microscopic ablation zones (MAZs) in the skin, which may help induce a deep penetration needed for effective treatment of NMSC. Using Franz diffusion cells, uptake and bio-distribution were investigated over 21 h in intact (n = 9) and AFXL-exposed porcine skin (n = 58). A 2940-nm fractional Er:YAG laser generated intraepidermal (11.2 mJ/MAZ; 66 m deep, 177 m wide) and intradermal (128 mJ/MAZ; 570 m deep, 262 wide) MAZ's with 16, 97, and 195 MAZs/cm(2). Surface ablation densities corresponded to 0.5, 2.5, and 5 % for intraepidermal MAZs, and corresponded to 1, 5, and 10.5 % for intradermal MAZs. Liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry quantified deposition of IngMeb in stratum corneum, epidermis, dermis, and receiver chamber. In intact skin, IngMeb readily penetrated to the epidermal layer (1,314 ng, 41 % of the applied IngMeb), while dermal deposition was limited (508 ng, 16 %). In AFXL-exposed skin, a profound dermal deposition of IngMeb was achieved, while less accumulated in SC and epidermis. Uptake depended entirely on laser density; increasing coverage from 0 % to 0.5 %, 1 %, 2.5 %, 5 %, and 10.5 % enhanced dermal uptake 1.6-, 2.1-, 3.1-, 3.4-, and 3.9-fold, respectively (p < 0.0001). Channel depth did not influence drug uptake; at 5 % density, dermal deposition with intraepidermal and intradermal MAZs was analogous (1801 vs. 1744; p = 0.447). In conclusion, IngMeb readily distributes to superficial layers of intact skin, whereas dermal uptake is limited. Independent of channel depth, AFXL enhances dermal drug deposition, providing for customized topical delivery and potential use of IngMeb for treatment of NMSC.", "Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common and aggressive types of human cancers worldwide. Nearly a half of HNSCC patients experience recurrence within five years of treatment and develop resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, there is an urgent clinical need to develop safe and novel anticancer therapies for HNSCC. Here, we investigate the possibility of repurposing the anthelmintic drug mebendazole (MBZ) as an anti-HNSCC agent. Using the two commonly-used human HNSCC lines CAL27 and SCC15, we demonstrate MBZ exerts more potent anti-proliferation activity than cisplatin in human HNSCC cells. MBZ effectively inhibits cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell migration, and induces apoptosis of HNSCC cells. Mechanistically, MBZ can modulate the cancer-associated pathways including ELK1/SRF, AP1, STAT1/2, MYC/MAX, although the regulatory outcomes are context-dependent. MBZ also synergizes with cisplatin in suppressing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis of human HNSCC cells. Furthermore, MBZ is shown to promote the terminal differentiation of CAL27 cells and keratinization of CAL27-derived xenograft tumors. Our results are the first to demonstrate that MBZ may exert its anticancer activity by inhibiting proliferation while promoting differentiation of certain HNSCC cancer cells. It's conceivable the anthelmintic drug MBZ can be repurposed as a safe and effective agent used in combination with other frontline chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin in HNSCC treatment." ]

[ "1 Hemoglobin. 2 Lower than normal hemoglobin levels indicate anemia. 3 The normal hemoglobin range is generally defined as 13.5 to 17.5 grams (g) of hemoglobin per deciliter (dL) of blood for men and 12.0 to 15.5 g/dL for women. 4 The normal ranges for children vary depending on the child's age and sex.5 Ferritin. Hemoglobin. 2 Lower than normal hemoglobin levels indicate anemia. 3 The normal hemoglobin range is generally defined as 13.5 to 17.5 grams (g) of hemoglobin per deciliter (dL) of blood for men and 12.0 to 15.5 g/dL for women. 4 The normal ranges for children vary depending on the child's age and sex. 5 Ferritin." ]

[ "Adults: A healthy weight for adults is usually when your BMI is 18.5 to less than 25. To figure out your BMI, use the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s online BMI calculator and compare it with the table below. You can also download the BMI calculator app for iPhone and Android.", "1 Hematocrit is the ratio of the volume of red cells to the volume of whole blood. The normal range for hematocrit varies between sexes and is approximately 45% to 52% for men and 37% to 48% for women. Red cell count signifies the number of red blood cells in a volume of blood. The normal range in men is approximately 4.7 to 6.1 million cells/ul (microliter). The normal range in women range from 4.2 to 5.4 million cells/ul, according to NIH (National Institutes of Health) data." ]

[ " The patient was given an non narcotic pain medication. " ]

[ " The patient was prescribed a narcotic pain medicine. " ]

[ "Television (TV) viewing in children is associated with a higher body mass index, but it is unknown whether this reflects body fatness, and, if it does, why. The objective was to investigate whether TV viewing is associated with body fatness, physical activity, and total energy expenditure in preschool children. Eighty-nine children were recruited into a cross-sectional study. Total daily energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by doubly labeled water, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and physical activity by accelerometry. There was a significant positive association between fat mass (corrected for fat-free body mass) and TV viewing (F = 9.05, P = 0.004). Each extra hour of watching TV was associated with an extra 1 kg of body fat. Children who watched more TV were also significantly less physically active (F = 5.16, P = 0.026). Independent of body composition and sex, children with greater physical activity levels had higher TEE (F = 5.15, P = 0.029); however, physical activity did not mediate the relation between TV viewing and adiposity (P > 0.05)" ]

[ "To assist in the development of preventive strategies, we studied whether the neighbourhood environment or modifiable behavioural parameters, including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA), are independently associated with obesity and metabolic risk markers in children. We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of 502 randomly selected first and fifth grade urban and rural Swiss schoolchildren with regard to CRF, PA and the neighbourhood (rural vs urban) environment. Outcome measures included BMI, sum of four skinfold thicknesses, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and a standardised clustered metabolic risk score. CRF and PA (especially total PA, but also the time spent engaged in light and in moderate and vigorous intensity PA) were inversely associated with measures of obesity, HOMA-IR and the metabolic risk score, independently of each other, and of sociodemographic and nutritional parameters, media use, sleep duration, BMI and the neighbourhood environment (all p < 0.05). Children living in a rural environment were more physically active and had higher CRF values and reduced HOMA-IR and metabolic risk scores compared with children living in an urban environment (all p < 0.05). These differences in cardiovascular risk factors persisted after adjustment for CRF, total PA and BMI", "Television viewing is associated with an increased risk of mortality, which could be caused by a sedentary lifestyle, the content of television programming (e.g., cigarette product placement or stress-inducing content), or both. We examined the relationship between self-reported hours of television viewing and mortality risk over 30 years in a representative sample of the American adult population using the 2008 General Social Survey-National Death Index dataset. We also explored the intervening variable effect of various emotional states (e.g., happiness) and beliefs (e.g., trust in government) of the relationship between television viewing and mortality. We find that, for each additional hour of viewing, mortality risks increased 4%. Given the mean duration of television viewing in our sample, this amounted to about 1.2 years of life expectancy in the United States. This association was tempered by a number of potential psychosocial mediators, including self-reported measures of happiness, social capital, or confidence in institutions. Although none of these were clinically significant, the combined mediation power was statistically significant (P < .001)" ]

[ "HtrA1 (high temperature requirement A1) is a serine protease of the HtrA family. We have previously shown that the placenta expresses the highest level of HtrA1 mRNA compared to other tissues in the human. Others have reported that placental HtrA1 is significantly up-regulated in preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-specific multi-systemic disorder associated with new onset hypertension and proteinuria. However, it is unclear how serum HtrA1 changes in a normal pregnancy and whether it is altered in PE pregnancies. A sandwich ELISA highly specific to human HtrA1 and suitable for serum detection was developed and thoroughly validated. This assay was then applied to serum samples from different stages of normal pregnancy, as well as early-onset (<34 weeks) and late-onset (>34 weeks) PE pregnancies. Serum HtrA1 increased progressively with increasing gestation in normal pregnancies. However, this trend was perturbed in women with PE. Compared to respective gestation-age-matched normal pregnancies, HtrA1 serum levels were significantly increased in early-onset PE, but significantly reduced in late-onset PE" ]

[ "The aim of this study was to determine whether circulating HLA-G levels, early in pregnancy, predict the subsequent development of preeclampsia (PE). Plasma samples, collected longitudinally during the first, second, and third trimesters, from 12 PE patients and 12 matched control patients were tested for HLA-G protein using a validated sandwich ELISA. First and second trimester HLA-G levels in PE were significantly lower than in control patients (first trimester, 1.25 microg/mL vs 1.95 microg/mL, P=.029; second trimester, 1.11 microg/mL vs 1.90 microg/mL, P=.024)", "Reduced placental perfusion predisposes to the maternal syndrome pre-eclampsia characterized by systemically reduced perfusion. Considerable data support the role of angiogenic factors in the development of the maternal syndrome. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) mediates the cellular responses to hypoxia e.g. by promoting angiogenesis. Here we studied whether two single nucleotide sequence variants, c.1744 C>T that changes residue 582 of HIF-1alpha from proline to serine (P582S) and c.1762 G>A that changes residue 588 of HIF-1alpha from alanine to threonine (A588T) in the exon 12 of the HIF1A gene, are associated with pre-eclampsia. We studied 108 women with pre-eclampsia in their first pregnancy, and 101 controls with normotensive pregnancies. Pre-eclampsia was defined as a blood pressure level of at least 140/90 mmHg in a woman who was normotensive before 20 weeks of gestation, and proteinuria at least of 0.3 g per 24-hour urine collection. The patients and controls were genotyped for variations in the exon 12 of HIF1A gene by sequencing" ]

[ "Bio K Plus Review- 16 Things You Need to Know Updated: 04/05/2018 - Site operated by Burn HDBio K Plus Review- 16 Things You Need to Know3 User Comments 13 Answered Questions By Summer Banks3comments Home / Supplement Manufacturer Reviews / Bio K Plus Review Overview | Side Effects | Ingredients | Benefits & Results |Directions | Product Warnings | Where to Buy | Cost |Pros & Cons | Bottom Line | Bio K Plus Alternatives | Q&AThe results of my research into Bio K Plus were somewhat surprising. We know the benefits of probiotics and our research team wanted to know if Bio K plus supplements were ideal for overall health and wellness.. Bio K Plus can be purchased through Amazon or using their Official Site. Bio K Plus Readers: Click here to find out why we're giving away samples of our product, Burn HD. Overview What is Bio K Plus? Bio K is a Canadian based company that focuses on quality and science. They are one of the top-selling supplements in Canada. Bio K products are used by many hospitals to reduce diarrhea and Clostridium difficile. Bio K Plus is a probiotic formula available in liquid or enteric coated capsule form. It contains the strains L. acidophilus CL1285, L. casei LBC80R and L. rhamnosus CLR2. This is a patented formula and is contains trademarked forms of probiotics that are unique to this brand. The brand has researched their specific strains and products to prove its efficacy. [1]Products Similar to Bio K Plus Product Price Review Acidophilus read Acidophilus Pearls read Inner Eco Probiotic read Lovebug Probiotics read Burn HD (Sample offer) read Ingredients Bio K Plus Ingredients Bio K Plus is a concentrated probiotic drink. Probiotics help populate the gut with healthy bacteria. The intestines house over 70 percent of the body’s immune system. Keeping a good balance of intestinal flora may support the immune system. There is usually around a 100 trillion bacteria cells in the human body, mostly found in the gut. Most people have around 150 different strains of bacteria present in the intestines. The bacteria can weigh between two and four pounds. [2]Good bacteria in the gut also produces B12 and K2 for the body. It is also thought to help alleviate depression and boost mood as it creates serotonin in the body. [3]Other studies suggest that balanced gut flora may aid in eczema or psoriasis, fatigue, thyroid issues, dental health and many more chronic conditions. Probiotics are also popular for promoting regularity and alleviating diarrhea and constipation. Bio K Plus is available in dairy and dairy-free formulas. All their formulas are gluten-free. The dairy-based formula is available in Original, Strawberry, and Vanilla flavors. The Original has no added flavors or sweeteners. It contains only water, skim milk powder and whey protein concentrate. The Strawberry flavor contains water, skim milk powder, evaporated sugar cane juice, modified milk ingredients, strawberry juice from concentrate, dried citrus pulp and natural strawberry flavor. The Vanilla version contains water, skim milk powder, evaporated cane juice, modified milk ingredients, natural vanilla flavor and organic stevia extract. The dairy-free formula is available in Blueberry, Coconut and Mango flavors. One dairy-free formula is soy-based, one is pea- and hemp-based and the other is rise-based. The Mango soy formula contains water, dried cane syrup, soy protein isolate, nutritional yeast, natural mango flavor, calcium citrate and pectin. The Blueberry rice formula contains water, organic brown rice powder, organic dried cane syrup, organic brown rice protein concentrate, nutritional yeast, organic carob bean gum, calcium citrate, pectin and natural blueberry- pomegranate. The Coconut flavor contains water, pea protein, evaporated cane juice, hemp protein, virgin coconut oil, lemon powder, nutritional yeast, natural coconut flavor, pectin, tricalcium citrate and stevia leaf extract. They also make three capsule formulas. One contains 12.5 billion, on is 25 billion and the third contains 50 billion live bacteria. Bio K has three main active ingredients: Lactobacillus Acidophilus Lactobacillus Casei Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Lactobacillus Acidophilus This is the most well known probiotic strain. It may be helpful for diarrhea, eczema, lung infections and vaginal infections. It is found in most fermented foods in and most people’s guts. It may be helpful for a variety of conditions. Scientists are looking at Lactobacillus strains as a potential way of preventing kidney stones. Some studies suggest that Lactobacillus strains may break down oxalate which causes kidney stones. [4]Most studies suggest that L. acidophilus boost the immune system. However, one study looking at asthma sufferers found no benefit after taking probiotics. [5]L. acidophilus did show benefits, in one study, on irritable bowel syndrome sufferers. Twenty percent of those who took L. acidophilus saw an improvement in symptoms and pain. This was after taking L. acidophilus for four weeks. [6]There have also been a lot of interest in probiotics as a possible way to treat urinary tract infections. More and more UTI’s are resistant to antibiotics. L. acidophilus and other probiotics may help prevent and treat simple UTI’s. Although more strains need to be tested, there is enough evidence to suggest a link. [7]There is some preliminary evidence that eating fermented foods could help prevent certain types of cancers. It appears that inflammation of the intestines is reduced thereby reducing many cancer-causing scenarios. However, this is very preliminary and needs further study. On the studies, the probiotics were preventative and not curative. So, daily intake over the lifetime would be important. [8] [9]Another exciting use for L. acidophilus and other probiotics is to help in the treatment of diabetes. L. acidophilus may increase insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes. Taking some form of probiotic on a daily basis may help prevent and alleviate type 2 diabetes. Probiotics can decrease intestinal wall permeability which increases insulin sensitivity. This same intestinal permeability has been linked to some forms of obesity, which is often one factor in type 2 diabetes. [10] [11]Eczema and overall skin health may also benefit from L. acidophilus and balanced gut bacteria. There seems to be a link between gut health and skin health, although it is not fully understood. [12] [13]Lactobacillus Casei Lactobacillus casei is a strain of probiotic. It is commonly found in Yakult and is also referred to as Shirota. Some studies suggest that L. casei may trigger Natural Killer cells in the body. [14]There is also some evidence that L. casei may reduce the occurrence of upper respiratory infection symptoms. However, not all studies show any correlation between L. casei and a reduction in symptoms or severity. [15] [16]Lactobacillus casei may be helpful in reducing intestinal permeability which has been linked to obesity. In rats, L. casei was effective in treating insulin resistance due to a high-fat diet and intestinal permeability. This test has not been duplicated in humans. This may be due to inadequate dosage, time or other factors. [17]Lactobacillus casei is commonly present in healthy vaginal flora. How oral supplementation affects vaginal colonies has not been studied. Lactobacillus Rhamnosus This strain of probiotic is a short gram-positive species. It has been shown to populate the gut of infants and children well. It also adheres easily to the intestinal wall. [18]In treating diarrhea, it seems to be effective, although some studies do not produce the same results. In general, probiotics are found to be helpful in combating diarrhea associated with taking antibiotics. Many studies have focused on children and infants with diarrhea. Overall, the results appear to be positive. [19] [20] [21]There is also evidence that probiotics including L. rhamnosus may decrease the occurrence of ADHD and Asperger syndrome. In this study, infants were given either a placebo or L. rhamnosus for their first size months. This test followed children from birth until the age of 13 years. No children from the L. rhamnosus group appeared to have Asperger’s or ADHD while 17% from the placebo group did. [22]Studies have suggested that it is most useful for alleviating vaginal and bladder infections. L. rhamnosus may also play a role in the weight loss of obese women. The study included both men and women. However, men saw no increased effect from the L. rhamnosus supplementation. A difference was noted in the female participants. It appears that supplementation of L. rhamnosus may help obese women lose weight and fat mass. [23]Lactobacillus rhamnosus may help people with food allergies. One study suggests that it reduces sensitivity to milk. It appears to reduce inflammation associated with milk intolerance. [24]Each strain appears to help with antibiotic-related diarrhea but seems to work best when taken together. They also appear to boost the immune system in a general way but not always for specific issues. Scroll below for one of the best products we’ve seen over the last year. Does Bio K Plus Work? Bio K Plus has mostly positive reviews and is a strong seller for most retailers. It appears to offer relief from common digestion issues in many people. Test results tend to favor the use and efficacy of probiotics. How well they work may depend on each user, the specific strains and ailment. [25]Benefits & Results Bio K Plus Benefits and Results Bio K Plus is not a scam product. It is a real product that has been sold at reputable retailers for many years. It is also used by hospitals in Canada. Bio K Plus is designed to be taken daily for floral maintenance or to be taken therapeutically. The daily maintenance dose is lower while the therapeutic dose is higher. Many people take probiotics while on, and for a few days or weeks following, a round of antibiotics. It appears that probiotics including Bio K Plus may reduce antibiotic-related diarrhea and Clostridium difficile. [26]Clostridium difficile is a form of bacteria that thrive under harsh conditions. Broad spectrum antibiotics can wipe out most other bacteria giving C. difficile the opportunity to dominate the gut. The bacteria releases two toxins that are responsible for the symptoms associated with C. difficile. Most C. difficile contaminations occur in a hospital or hospital-like settings. Several Canadian hospitals have seen a decrease in C. difficile outbreaks with the use of Bio K products. [27] [28]This product may offer some benefits from digestion issues for many users. It may also help improve overall immune health. Details on Bio K Plus and Weight Loss Some scientists have speculated that obesity may be linked, in part, to an overpopulation of certain unhealthy bacteria in the gut. Unhealthy bacteria combined with higher-than-normal intestinal permeability can cause an increase in lipopolysaccharide in the blood. [29]Lipopolysaccharide increases inflammation in the body. It also encourages the body to gain weight and increases insulin resistance. High-fat diets seem to exacerbate the process. However, focusing on balancing the intestinal flora while eating a healthy diet may have lasting effects on obesity. [30] [31]This data is still preliminary. How it can be applied in the real world has not been established. The results suggest a link that needs further investigation. Taking Bio K Plus alone with not result in weight loss. It may, however, be a good addition to a lifestyle change and help promote overall health. Directions How to Use (Take) Bio K Plus Per the company’s website, Bio K Plus can be taken any time. Bio K Plus can be taken alone or with food. It should be taken 3 hours away from antibiotics if they are also being taken. Antibiotics may kill all the live probiotics if taken too close together. That would negate the positive effects of taking a probiotic. The company recommends taking ¼ a bottle as a maintenance dose and a ½ bottle to a full bottle to repopulate or improve floral health. They claim that the body can not have too many probiotics. However, if you tend to be sensitive, they recommend starting at a low dose and working up to larger doses. Product Warnings Bio K Plus Product Warnings There are a few rare health issues that can occur with probiotics. Bacteria could pass into the bloodstream resulting in bacteremia. This is rare and usually happens in those with a weakened immune system, cardiac valve disease, central venous catheters and short bowel syndrome. [32]Lactobacillus rhamnosus may cause endocarditis in extremely rare situations, particularly infants or those with a compromised immune system. [33]Probiotic supplementation may interfere with some antifungal medications. Always check with your doctor if you are taking any prescription medicines. Is Bio K Plus Safe? Bio K Plus is considered safe for most healthy adults. Children may also benefit from probiotics. However, children with compromised immune systems or short bowel syndrome should avoid probiotics. Probiotics have also been used and tested on infants but always talk to your doctor before giving probiotics to an infant. If you have a milk allergy or an allergy to one of the ingredients, then it is best to avoid Bio K Plus. They do make three dairy-free options. Side Effects Bio K Plus Side Effects Most people experience positive results when taking Bio K Plus or other probiotics. Some individuals may get gas, bloating, cramping or diarrhea. However, this is rare and usually short-lived. Some people feel nothing. This does not always mean the product is not working. Many supplements are working even if you do not feel a specific result. There are extreme cases where probiotics can enter the blood and cause sepsis or bacteremia. [34]Bio K Plus Lawsuits There do not appear to be any lawsuits against Bio K Plus. They are careful with their wording about healing or curing diseases. Danon did have a lawsuit filed against them for claiming to cure digestive ailments. Bio K Plus Alternatives There are many probiotics available on the market. Bio K Plus is one of the few 100% probiotic drinks available. Most other supplement probiotics come in capsule form. There are also many yogurts and yogurt drinks on the market containing live probiotics. The strains may vary between brands and batches as it is naturally occurring. Most of these drinks and yogurts are not as concentrated as Bio K Plus. The most comparable product would be Good Belly Shots. Other foods that contain live cultures include: Miso Tempeh Kombucha Saurekraut Kefir Yogurt Kimchi Bio K also seems to contain a combination of strains that may be effective for certain digestion issues. Where to Buy Where Can You Buy Bio K Plus? You can buy Bio K Plus at most natural grocery stores like Whole Foods Market and Sprouts. It is usually available at small independent shops as well. It is also available online although some people have complained about the shipping temperatures. Cost What does Bio K Cost? Bio K Plus is fairly expensive. It is around $30 for a pack of six bottles. A bottle could be one to two days supply. That would make it around $1.25 to $5 per day depending on the dose. The capsules are a bit cheaper, but some people found them to be less effective. The capsules also retail for around $30 but are in packs of 15 capsules. The recommended dose is 1 to 2 capsules per day. So it would be $2 to $4 per day depending on the dose. Although many reviewers complain about the price, they say it is worth it since it works for their issues. Pros & Cons Bio K Pros And Cons The two major cons with this product are the price and refrigeration requirement. Since it needs to be refrigerated, it cannot be kept in your purse or at your desk at work. The price might make it impractical for people to take on a daily basis. The pros are that it seems to work for most people. It is a good quality product and has had a fair amount of testing done on its efficacy. What Users Are Saying“Bio-k is the best probiotic resource to keep from getting sick. We have used it for many years and would not want to go anywhere without it.”Grace Farley Barton“It’s ok.”Véronique Lamonde“I got it and thought it was a good dosage for the money and i did not see any additional difference in my health but its suppose to be good for me.”Emanuel Payton Bottom Line The Bottom Line on Bio K Plus Now the moment you’ve been waiting for. Here is our bottom line on Bio K Plus probiotic supplements. To start, we appreciate that these products are easy to acquire online. It’s also nice to see that several different flavors are available. On the other hand, we have some reservations about these products because some users have complained of unpleasant side effects. Also, we’re concerned about the less-than-savory taste that some people have mentioned. If your primary goal is to get rid of some unwanted pounds, then we suggest you go with a product that contains clinically tested ingredients for weight-loss, does not have an unpleasant taste and will not lead to any side effects. Among the best products we’ve seen this year is one called Burn HD. Its formula is a proprietary blend of four key ingredients. Some of which have been shown in published clinical research to help accelerate fat loss and boost metabolism. We have not discovered any negative user reviews, and comments around the web indicate people are seeing great results. The makers of Burn HD are so confident in their product they’re offering a 2-Week Sample, which is very encouraging. Learn More About Burn HD »" ]

[ "100% probiotic. 100% probiotic. O% yogurt. Bio-K+® fresh drinkable products are not similar to yogurts. While yogurts are nutritious, they do not provide the same health benefits as our products . More New Supports kids' intestinal flora health and natural defenses100% probiotic. O% yogurt. Bio-K+® fresh drinkable products are not similar to yogurts. While yogurts are nutritious, they do not provide the same health benefits as our products . More New Supports kids' intestinal flora health and natural defenses" ]

[ "Tell me in your own words what diversity means to you. 1. Diversity is a whole bunch of people coming together with different mindsets and different ways of accomplishing tasks and meeting goals." ]

[ "Meanings range from a state or fact of being diverse or different to a variety of opinions. The important point in the formal meaning is that it indicates there is a point of difference. This means diversity broadly refers to many demographic variables. There are several other areas.", "The definition itself is a form of diversity. Meanings range from a state or fact of being diverse or different to a variety of opinions. The important point in the formal meaning is that it indicates there is a point of difference. This means diversity broadly refers to many demographic variables." ]

[ "Definition of heat capacity. 1) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a body (of any mass) one degree Celsius. 2) The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1°C." ]

[ "Specific Heat. The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. The relationship between heat and temperature change is usually expressed in the form shown below where c is the specific heat.", "Heat transfer that occurs at a constant system temperature but changes the state variable is called latent heat with respect to the variable. For infinitesimal changes, the total incremental heat transfer is then the sum of the latent and sensible heat." ]

[ "Harrisburg (Pennsylvania German: Harrisbarig) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Dauphin County. With a population of 49,673, it is the ninth-largest city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.It lies on the east bank of the Susquehanna River, 105 miles (169 km) west-northwest of Philadelphia and 204 miles (328 km) east of Pittsburgh.he city is the county seat of Dauphin County. The adjacent counties are Northumberland County to the north; Schuylkill County to the northeast; Lebanon County to the east; Lancaster County to the south; and York County to the southwest; Cumberland County to the west; and Perry County to the northwest." ]

[ "Center City Harrisburg, which includes the Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex, is the central core business and financial center for the greater Harrisburg metropolitan area and serves as the seat of government for Dauphin County and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.he city is the county seat of Dauphin County. The adjacent counties are Northumberland County to the north; Schuylkill County to the northeast; Lebanon County to the east; Lancaster County to the south; and York County to the southwest; Cumberland County to the west; and Perry County to the northwest.", "The Harrisburg–Carlisle, Pennsylvania, metropolitan statistical area is defined by the United States Census Bureau as an area consisting of three counties in Pennsylvania's Susquehanna Valley, anchored by the cities of Harrisburg and (to a lesser-extent) Carlisle." ]

[ "Chatbot. A chatbot is an artificial person, animal or other creature which holds conversations with humans. This could be a text based (typed) conversation, a spoken conversation or even a non-verbal conversation. Chatbot can run on local computers and phones, though most of the time it is accessed through the internet." ]

[ "What you will be building: 1 We are building a Parrot Bot that is based on the repeat function of the Smart Notes Chat Bot. 2 At the end of this course you will have a Chatbot that Parrots back what you say. 3 The bot will have a trigger word that makes the chat bot respond in a different way: with cards!", "Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-time transmission of text messages from sender to receiver. Chat messages are generally short in order to enable other participants to respond quickly. Thereby, a feeling similar to a spoken conversation is created, which distinguishes chatting from other text-based online communication forms such as Internet forums and email." ]

[ "Confidence votes 5.8K. There are to types of cells that act as photoreceptors in the eye. The Rod and Cones. Rods detect only the presence or absence of light withough distinguishing between colours thus giving black nad white vision (as at night).here are two types of cells that act as photoreceptors in the eye: ro … ds and cones. Rods detect only the presence or absence of light without distinguishing between colors, thus giving black and white vision (as at night)." ]

[ "What is the receptor in the retina that allows you to see color? The receptors in the retina which allow you to see pictures of the world around you are called photoreceptor cells. They are of two types; rods and cones. rods help to see… non-color images and enhance night vision (the ability to see in dark). The photoreceptors which enable us to see colored images are the cones. They are mainly concentrated in the fovea centralis, or the yellow spot, which is situated on the principle axis of the lens on the retina.", "One of the two types of visual receptor cells of the retina, essential for visual acuity and color vision; the second type is the rod cell. A cell in the retina whose scleral end forms a cone that serves as a light receptor. Vision in bright light, color vision, and acute vision depend on the function of the cones. See: rod cell. See also: cell." ]

[ "Given the importance of glucagon in the development of type 2 diabetes and as a potential therapeutic agent, the aim of this study was to characterise glucagon kinetics in mice and its regulation by the nutritional state. Anaesthetised C57BL/6 mice fed normal or high-fat diets, or fasted, were injected intravenously with glucagon (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 10.0 or 20 μg/kg); blood samples were withdrawn before injection and 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 min thereafter for glucagon assay by RIA. Glucagon kinetics were described by two-compartment models using a population analysis. The population mean and between-animal SD of glucagon clearance in the fed mice was 6.03 ± 2.58 ml/min, with a rapid elimination half-life of 2.92 ± 1.21 min. Fasted mice showed a slower glucagon clearance. The kinetics of glucagon in the fed and fasted group was linear across this large dose range. The mice fed a high-fat diet, however, showed non-linear kinetics with a faster terminal clearance of 20.4 ± 5.45 ml/min (p < 0.001) and a shorter elimination half-life of 1.59 ± 0.606 (p < 0.001) min relative to normal mice" ]

[ "Glucagon receptor antagonists and humanized glucagon antibodies are currently studied as promising therapies for obesity and type II diabetes. Among its variety of actions, glucagon reduces food intake, but the molecular mechanisms mediating this effect as well as glucagon resistance are totally unknown. Glucagon and adenoviral vectors were administered in specific hypothalamic nuclei of lean and diet-induced obese rats. The expression of neuropeptides controlling food intake was performed by in situ hybridization. The regulation of factors of the glucagon signaling pathway was assessed by western blot. The central injection of glucagon decreased feeding through a hypothalamic pathway involving protein kinase A (PKA)/Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanism. More specifically, the central injection of glucagon increases PKA activity and reduces protein levels of CaMKKβ and its downstream target phosphorylated AMPK in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). Consistently, central glucagon significantly decreased AgRP expression. Inhibition of PKA and genetic activation of AMPK in the ARC blocked glucagon-induced anorexia in lean rats. Genetic down-regulation of glucagon receptors in the ARC stimulates fasting-induced hyperphagia. Although glucagon was unable to decrease food intake in DIO rats, glucagon sensitivity was restored after inactivation of CaMKKβ, specifically in the ARC. Thus, glucagon decreases food intake acutely via PKA/CaMKKβ/AMPK dependent pathways in the ARC, and CaMKKβ mediates its obesity-induced hypothalamic resistance", "It is widely accepted that chronic stress may alter the homeostatic mechanisms of body weight control. In this study, we followed the metabolic changes occurring in mice when chronic stress caused by psychosocial defeat (CPD) is associated with ad libitum exposure to a palatable high-fat diet (HFD). In this model, CPD mice consumed more HFD than unstressed (Un) mice without gaining body weight. We focused on metabolic processes involved in weight control, such as de novo lipogenesis (DNL), fatty acid â-oxidation (FAO), and thermogenesis. The activity and expression of DNL enzymes were reduced in the liver and white adipose tissue of mice consuming the HFD. Such effects were particularly evident in stressed mice. In both CPD and Un mice, HFD consumption increased the hepatic expression of the mitochondrial FAO enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1. In the liver of mice consuming the HFD, stress exposure prevented accumulation of triacylglycerols; however, accumulation of triacylglycerols was observed in Un mice under the same dietary regimen. In brown adipose tissue, stress increased the expression of uncoupling protein-1, which is involved in energy dissipation, both in HFD and control diet-fed mice. We consider increased FAO and energy dissipation responsible for the antiobesity effect seen in CPD/HFD mice. However, CPD associated with HFD induced hepatic oxidative stress.-Giudetti, A. M., Testini, M., Vergara, D., Priore, P., Damiano, F., Gallelli, C. A., Romano, A., Villani, R., Cassano, T., Siculella, L., Gnoni, G. V., Moles, A., Coccurello, R., Gaetani, S. Chronic psychosocial defeat differently affects lipid metabolism in liver and white adipose tissue and induces hepatic oxidative stress in mice fed a high-fat diet." ]

[ "How to Become a Teacher in Iowa. Like all US States, Iowa requires teachers to hold a bachelor’s degree and complete an approved teacher education program at an accredited institution. Additionally, applicants are required to take the Praxis Subject Assessments to evaluate knowledge in the subject(s) to be taught." ]

[ "Bachelor of Arts/Science in Elementary Education. Students who complete this program will earn a bachelors degree and be licensed as a K-8 teacher by the State of Nevada. Students who already have a degree and want to become an elementary teacher need to take course work through the teacher licensure program.", "A licensee in this state shall be required to complete a minimum of 8 hours of board-approved continuing education, of which 4 hours shall be in the prescribed practice discipline. A minimum of 2 hours of the 8 hours shall be in the content areas of Iowa cosmetology law and rules and sanitation." ]

[ "Code 3 licence it is 18. At the age of 16 a Code 1 licence limited to motorcycles with engine capacity under 125 cc may be obtained. Learner's licences are valid for 24 months, and, except for Code 1 licences, require that the learner be accompanied by a fully licensed driver. It is not compulsory for a learner driver to have a big red \"\"L\"\" on the rear window, but it is recommended so that other drivers can have patience with the driver. With the learner's licence, the prospective driver can take a driving test to obtain their driving licence." ]

[ "the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Botswana is the former British Protectorate of Bechuanaland, and number-plates then used a 'BP' prefix (then BPA, BPB etc.) followed by up to three numbers, in white on black background, the plates being made in the characteristic style of South Africa at that time. Vehicles are fitted with registration plates in the front and rear of the vehicle. Motorcycles (50cc or more) must be licensed and only bear rear plates. Registration is performed at the local police or Gendarmerie station. The first digits of the plate indicate the province in which the vehicle is registered.", "Driver's licenses in Trinidad and Tobago In Trinidad and Tobago, you could obtain a learner's permit at your 17th birthday. Licenses to drive are commonly referred to in Trinidad and Tobago as Driver's Permits. Driver's Permits are issued by the Licensing Authority, which is governed by the Ministry of Works and Transport. In order to legally operate any motor vehicle in Trinidad and Tobago, only when it is on public-owned-roads, the operator of the motor vehicle must be in possession of a valid Driver's Permit on their person and is legally endorsed for that \"\"class of vehicle\"\". Contravention to the" ]

[ "to Dempsey's 1970 kick, the longest field goal in NFL history was 56 yards, by Bert Rechichar of the Baltimore Colts A 55-yard field goal, achieved by a drop kick, was recorded by Paddy Driscoll in , and stood as the unofficial record until that point; some sources indicate a 54-yarder by Glenn Presnell in as the due to the inability to precisely verify Driscoll's kick. In a pre-season NFL game between the Denver Broncos and the Seattle Seahawks on August 29, 2002, Ola Kimrin kicked a 65-yard field goal. However, because pre-season games are not counted toward official records," ]

[ "the conversion was lowered to 1 point. Field goals were devalued to 4 points in 1904, and then to the modern 3 points in 1909. The touchdown was changed to 6 points in 1912 in American football; the Canadian game followed suit in 1956. The spot of the conversion has also changed through the years. In 1924, NCAA rules spotted the conversion at the 3-yard line, before moving it back to the 5-yard line in 1925. In 1929, the spot was moved up to the 2-yard line, which the NFL had done until . In 1968, the NCAA diverged from", "done with the emphasis mostly on maximizing distance. Quick kicks are relatively rare in American football, but they have never completely disappeared. Notable quick kicks in college football include one performed by Tate Forcier of the University of Michigan against the University of Notre Dame on September 12, 2009, and a 54-yard punt by Kellen Moore of Boise State University against Louisiana Tech on October 26, 2010. In the NFL, quarterback Randall Cunningham made 20 quick kicks during his career. Ben Roethlisberger has five quick kicks for a career net average of 24.2 yards per kick, two of which went" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors in elderly.METHODS: Cross-sectional study of population-based sample of 1,593 individuals aged 60 years or more in the urban area of Bag?, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2008. Data were collected in household interviews. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. The analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust variance estimation.RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18.0%, with the 95% confidence interval 16.1 - 19.9. The majority of the sample consisted of women (62.8%). The mean age was 70 years, with a 8.24 standard deviation (SD); 25.1% of seniors aged 60 to 64 years and 31.2% were 75 years or older. In the adjusted analysis, depressive symptoms were significantly associated (p value < 0.05) with the elderly female, yellow, brown or indigenous descendancy, lower economic status, retired, with history of heart problems, incapacity to basic and instrumental activities of daily living, worse self-rated health and dissatisfaction with life in general. Age, marital status, education, self-reported hypertension and diabetes were not associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for confounders.CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the population requires investment in preventive actions, noting the need for practices that promote active aging with the maintenance of functional activity, improving self-rated health and life satisfaction." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Several observational studies have shown association between diet quality and depression, but few studies have explored the interrelationship between these variables.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the interrelationship between diet quality and depressive symptoms in elderly.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Population based.PARTICIPANTS: 1,378 elderly in the city of Pelotas, Brazil.MEASUREMENTS: The diet quality was assessed by a short food frequency questionnaire and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was estimated by the abbreviated Brazilian version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The association between diet quality and depressive symptoms was assessed using logistic regression.RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.3%. Elderly with low-quality diet were more likely to experience depressive symptoms, and the association was almost twice higher in males than in females (men OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.4, 10.6; women OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.3). On the other hand, depressive elderly had higher odds of consuming a low-quality diet (OR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.7, 3.8).LIMITATIONS: Self-reported data and cross-sectional design limit our conclusions.CONCLUSIONS: The choice of a low-quality diet was associated to a higher risk of depressive symptoms in elderly, and vice-versa. These results highlight the importance of encouraging the choice of healthy food habits, especially in depressed elderly, in order to promote healthy aging.", "This article seeks to investigate associations between satisfaction with life and sociodemographic variables, health conditions, functionality, social involvement and social support among elderly caregivers and non-caregivers, as well as between satisfaction and the intensity of stress in the caregiver group. A sample of 338 caregivers was selected according to two items of the Brazilian version of the Elders Life Stress Inventory. A comparison-group of elderly non-caregivers was selected at random, with a similar gender, age and income profile. Data were derived from self-reported questionnaires and scales. Elderly caregivers with low levels of satisfaction and high levels of stress revealed more symptoms of insomnia, fatigue, diseases and worse IADL performance. Those with greater satisfaction and less stress revealed a good level of social support. Insomnia, depression and fatigue were associated with low satisfaction among caregivers, and with fatigue, depression and low social support among non-caregivers. It was considered relevant that instrumental, psychological and informative support can improve the quality of life and the quality of care provided by elderly caregivers, especially if they are affected by unfavorable health and psychosocial conditions and low satisfaction with life." ]

[ "DeltaNp63alpha is an epithelial progenitor cell marker that maintains epidermal stem cell self-renewal capacity. Previous studies revealed that UV-damage induced p53 phosphorylation is confined to DeltaNp63alpha-positive cells in the basal layer of human epithelium. We now report that phosphorylation of the p53 tumour suppressor is positively regulated by DeltaNp63alpha in immortalised human keratinocytes. DeltaNp63alpha depletion by RNAi reduces steady-state ATM mRNA and protein levels, and attenuates p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation. Conversely, ectopic expression of DeltaNp63alpha in p63-null tumour cells stimulates ATM transcription and p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation. We show that ATM is a direct DeltaNp63alpha transcriptional target and that the DeltaNp63alpha response element localizes to the ATM promoter CCAAT sequence. Structure-function analysis revealed that the DeltaNp63-specific TA2 transactivation domain mediates ATM transcription in coordination with the DNA binding and SAM domains" ]

[ "DeltaNp63 is an isoform of the p53 homolog p63, which lacks an amino-terminal transactivation domain. The aim of this study was to detect the deltaNp63 expression in the squamous carcinoma component of adenosquamous carcinoma and evaluate its usefulness as a specific squamous carcinoma marker. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the protein expression of deltaNp63 and high molecular weight cytokeratin in paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 17 patients with well-characterized adenosquamous carcinoma. Of 17 cases, 13 (76.5%) and 14 (82.4%) cases showed positive staining for deltaNp63 and HMWCK in the tumor cells, respectively. It was easy to discriminate the squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma components in all tumors. Interestingly, positive expression of deltaNp63 was detected in one case with a negative expression of HMWCK", "Upon DNA damage, the protein kinase ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) phosphorylates 53BP1 and recruits RAP1-interacting factor 1 (RIF1) to dissociate the 53BP1-TIRR complex." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Clonal VDJ rearrangement of B/T cell receptors (B/TCRs) occurring during B/T lymphocyte development has been used as a marker to track the clonality of B/T cell populations.METHODS: We systematically profiled the B/T cell receptor repertoire of 936 cancer cell lines across a variety of cancer types as well as 462 Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) transformed normal B lymphocyte lines using RNA sequencing data.RESULTS: Rearranged B/TCRs were readily detected in cell lines derived from lymphocytes, and subclonality or potential biclonality were found in a number of blood cancer cell lines. Clonal BCR/TCR rearrangements were detected in several blast phase CML lines and unexpectedly, one gastric cancer cell line (KE-97), reflecting a lymphoid origin of these cells. Notably, clonality was highly prevalent in EBV transformed B lymphocytes, suggesting either transformation only occurred in a few B cells or those with a growth advantage dominated the transformed population through clonal evolution.CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis reveals the complexity and heterogeneity of the BCR/TCR rearrangement repertoire and provides a unique insight into the clonality of lymphocyte derived cell lines." ]

[ "Recently, the immune-regulating potential of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells has attracted considerable attention. We previously reported that a combination treatment with a liposomal ligand for iNKT cells and an anti-CD154 antibody in a sublethally irradiated murine bone marrow transplant (BMT) model resulted in the establishment of mixed hematopoietic chimerism through in vivo expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Herein, we show the lack of alloreactivity of CD8(+) T cells in chimeras and an early expansion of donor-derived dendritic cells (DCs) in the recipient thymi accompanied by a sequential reduction in the donor-reactive V-T cell receptor repertoire, suggesting a contribution of clonal deletion in this model. Since thymic expansion of donor DCs and the reduction in the donor-reactive T cell repertoire were precluded with Treg depletion, we presumed that Tregs should preform before the establishment of clonal deletion. In contrast, the mice thymectomized before BMT failed to increase the number of Tregs and to establish CD8(+) T cell tolerance, suggesting the presence of mutual dependence between the thymic donor-DCs and Tregs. These results provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms that actively promote clonal deletion.", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a progressive accumulation of B lymphocytes. T cell abnormalities are a common feature of CLL and contribute to impaired immune function in these patients. T cells are ineffective in eliminating the leukemic clone and may actually promote tumor growth and survival. Previous work from our laboratory documented elevated circulating levels of IL-17A-producing Th17 cells in CLL patients as compared to healthy age-matched control subjects. These high circulating Th17 levels associated with better prognostic markers and significantly longer overall survival, even among patients whose clones used unmutated IGHVs (U-CLL). Recent studies suggest that Th17 cells are heterogeneous, expressing different profiles of cytokines, and that different subsets of Th17s mediate different biological functions. In the present study, we found significantly higher levels of IL-17F-expressing CD4(+) T cells in CLL versus healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells following in vitro stimulation in the presence of Th17-promoting cytokines. Furthermore, the differentiation of IL-17F-expressing Th17 cells was significantly enhanced when purified CD4(+) T cells from CLL patients were cultured in the presence of autologous CLL B cells. Lastly, single-cell network profiling revealed that IL-17F triggers NFB phosphorylation in T and B cells from patients with CLL, but not age-matched healthy controls. Taken together, our data suggest that the phenotype of Th17 cells in CLL patients is distinct from healthy individuals, expressing higher levels of IL-17F, and that B and T cells from CLL patients are particularly responsive to IL-17F, as compared to healthy age-matched control individuals." ]

[ "The BBC Television series Hamish Macbeth was filmed over a large area of the North West Highlands of Scotland although most of the filming took place near the village of Plockton in Wester Ross. Probably went back to the supplier. There are companies who specialise in supplying props for film and TV." ]

[ "For both returning fans and newcomers (or “incomers” as Hamish might say), the 25th Hamish Macbeth mystery offers an interesting and solid read, and an amusing look at the shenanigans of a wily and ever-entertaining hero. Reviewed by Usha Reynolds (Usha_Reynolds@hotmail.com) on December 29, 2010.", "Monarch of the Glen. Monarch of the Glen, set in the Scottish Highlands in fictitious Glenbogle, was largely filmed on location in the Badenoch and Strathspey area of the Cairngorms National Park. Writer Michael Chaplin, who first came to the region way back in 1968, created Monarch of the Glen for Ecosse Films." ]

[ "Previous studies comparing unipolar and bipolar hemiarthroplasty for treatment of displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures in elderly patients have often lacked methodological power and yielded conflicting clinical results. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes from each implant in a randomized cohort of elderly patients with intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck treated with a cemented hemiprosthesis. This study is a clinical trial of 261 patients (82.0 ± 7.9 years) who were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: group 1 (n = 133) received a cemented bipolar implant and group 2 (n = 128) received a unipolar head with the same stem. At 12 months post-surgery, pain and functional abilities were quantified by blinded assessors using the Oxford and Harris Hip Scores, Verbal Numerical Rating Score and Six-Minute Walk. The Mann-Whitney U-test and t-test for independent samples were used to compare results between the groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in any clinical scores between the groups. Results from the Six-Minute Walk indicated no difference in functional walking ability or endurance (P = 0.446) between the groups. Self-selected pain ratings also did not differ between groups (P = 0.236). Patients receiving the unipolar prosthesis had significantly reduced abduction (P = 0.0001) and internal rotation (P = 0.047) in the operated hip compared to the non-operated hip" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To analyze and evaluate the clinical outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) for hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in elderly patients.METHODS: From January 2015 to December 2016, 466 patients with femoral neck fractures were admitted in our department. Among them, 154 patients were more than 80 years old, with an average age of (83.9±3.2) years old (ranged, 80 to 96 years old), including 27 males and 127 females. According to Garden classification system, 68 cases were type III and others were type IV. ERAS for hemiarthroplasty were performed for all the patients. The time before operation, blood transfusion rate, complications rate, lenth of stay and Harris score system were evaluated.RESULTS: Among 154 patients, 142 patients were followed up, with an average duration of 24.6 months(ranged, 14 to 38 months). Thirty-two patients (20.8%) completed the operation within 48 hours after admission, 67 patients(43.5%) completed the operation within 72 hours after admission, 76 patients(49.4%) discharged within 48 hours after operation, and the blood transfusion rate was 15.9%. One patient was re-hospitalized because of prosthetic dislocation. The re-hospitalization rate was 0.6%. No other patients were re-hospitalized because of superficial or deep infection or periprosthetic fracture. At the latest follow-up, the Harris hip score was 90.2±7.1, 106 patients got an excellent result, 23 good and 9 fair.CONCLUSIONS: ERAS for hemiarthroplasty can effectively shorten hospitalization time, relieve pain, reduce blood transfusion rate, reduce postoperative complications, and do not increase the readmission rate of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture, which can achieve good clinical efficacy.", "There was no significant difference between a Moore's and a bipolar prosthesis regarding hip pain, functional hip scores, rates of acetabular erosion, component migration, revision surgery and complications rates" ]

[ "Caylea Woodbury Caylea Woodbury is a reality show star known for her appearance on a new reality show titled Little Women: Dallas. She works as an exotic dancer under the stage name Lil’ Twerk in Dallas, Texas. Woodbury’s total net worth is estimated to be about $150 thousand as of 2016." ]

[ "1 United States›. 2 New York (NY)›. 3 Central Valley›. 4 Central Valley Hotels›. Hotels near Woodbury Common Premium Outlets.", "Chemonite® Wood. Pressure Treated Wood Pressure-treated with ACZA to protect poles, piling, timbers, and posts against termites and fungal decay. ACZA treatment is the only system that consistently meets standards for desirable yet otherwise difficult-to-treat species such as Douglas fir. More Info" ]

[ "The 2016 Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, population is 6,049. There are 1,122 people per square mile (population density)." ]

[ "Real Estate Data for Blue Bell Blue Bell market trends indicate a decrease of $57,500 (-12%) in median home sales over the past year. The average price per square foot for this same period rose to $176, up from $173.", "Real Estate Data for Blue Bell. Blue Bell market trends indicate a decrease of $55,000 (-12%) in median home sales over the past year. The average price per square foot for this same period rose to $172, up from $172." ]

[ "HomeAdvisor is a website that lists pre-screened and customer-rated service professionals. The website also has tools, products, and resources for home improvement, maintenance, and repair. HomeAdvisor is a subsidiary of IAC. Professionals in the HomeAdvisor network are pre-screened for criminal records, bankruptcy issues, bad reviews, sex offenses, and cases of malpractice." ]

[ "For other uses, see Home (disambiguation). The HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) is a type of United States federal assistance provided by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to States in order to provide decent and affordable housing, particularly housing for low- and very low-income Americans.", "Resident assistant. A resident assistant (also variously known as a house fellow, resident advisor, community assistant, resident mentor, residence don, peer advisor, community advisor, collegiate fellow, or senior resident), commonly shortened to RA, is a trained peer leader who supervises those living in a residence hall or group housing facility." ]

[ "Up to 15% of the population have mild to moderate chronic hypomagnesemia, which is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease. The kidney is the key organ for magnesium homeostasis, but our understanding of renal magnesium regulation is very limited. Uromodulin (UMOD) is the most abundant urinary protein in humans, and here we report that UMOD has a role in renal magnesium homeostasis. Umod-knockout (Umod -/-) mice excreted more urinary magnesium than WT mice and displayed up-regulation of genes promoting magnesium absorption. The majority of magnesium is absorbed in the thick ascending limb. However, both mouse strains responded similarly to the diuretic agent furosemide, indicating appropriate function of the thick ascending limb in the Umod -/- mice. Magnesium absorption is fine-tuned in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) via the apical magnesium channel transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6). We observed decreased apical Trpm6 staining in the DCT of Umod -/- mice. Applying biotinylation assays and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we found that UMOD enhances TRPM6 cell-surface abundance and current density from the extracellular space. UMOD physically interacted with TRPM6 and thereby impaired dynamin-dependent TRPM6 endocytosis. WT mice fed a low-magnesium diet had an increased urinary UMOD secretion compared with the same mice on a regular diet. Our results suggest that increased urinary UMOD secretion in low-magnesium states reduces TRPM6 endocytosis and thereby up-regulates TRPM6 cell-surface abundance to defend against further urinary magnesium losses." ]

[ "Hypermagnesemia is generally considered an exceptional iatrogenic condition usually caused by magnesium-containing cathartics. In particular, this condition often develops when magnesium-containing cathartics are administered to elderly patients with renal insufficiency or bowel movement dysfunction. Although magnesium oxide (MgO) is widely prescribed as a laxative, serum magnesium concentration has not been examined in most cases. In this report, we present the cases of four elderly patients with constipation and symptomatic hypermagnesemia caused by MgO ingestion, one of which had a lethal course. All of the patients were older than 65years and with renal dysfunction. In addition, they had difficulties in expressing their symptoms because of cerebrovascular events or dementia. These cases suggest that hypermagnesemia caused by magnesium-containing cathartics is more likely to develop than previously recognized and that physicians should be aware that patients with chronic kidney disease and the elderly are at risk of hypermagnesemia on magnesium administration. We recommend serum magnesium monitoring for high-risk patients after initial prescription or dose increase.", "Low serum magnesium has been associated with kidney function decline in persons with diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease in the general population. As the association of serum magnesium with incident kidney disease in the general population is unknown, we assessed this in 13,226 participants (aged 45-65) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of at least 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in years 1987-89 and followed through 2010. The risks for incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) associated with baseline total serum magnesium levels were evaluated using Cox regression. There were 1965 CKD and 208 ESRD events during a median follow-up of 21 years. In adjusted analysis, low serum magnesium levels (0.7 mmol/l or less) had significant associations with incident CKD and ESRD compared with the highest quartile with adjusted hazard ratio of 1.58 (95% CI: 1.35-1.87) for CKD and 2.39 (95% CI: 1.61-3.56) for ESRD. These associations remained significant after excluding users of diuretics and across subgroups stratified by hypertension, diabetes, and self-reported race. Thus, in a large sample of middle-aged adults, low total serum magnesium was independently associated with incident CKD and ESRD. Further studies are needed to determine whether modification of serum magnesium levels might alter subsequent incident kidney disease rates." ]

[ "The families of innate immune receptors are the frontline responders to danger. These superheroes of the host immune systems populate innate immune cells, surveying the extracellular environment and the intracellular endolysosomal compartments and cytosol for exogenous and endogenous danger signals. As a collective the innate immune receptors recognise a wide array of stimuli, and in response they initiate specific signalling pathways leading to activation of transcriptional or proteolytic pathways and the production of inflammatory molecules to destroy foreign pathogens and/or resolve tissue injury. In this review, I will give an overview of the innate immune system and the activation and effector functions of the families of receptors it comprises. Current key concepts will be described throughout, including innate immune memory, formation of innate immune receptor signalosomes, inflammasome formation and pyroptosis, methods of extrinsic cell communication and examples of receptor cooperation. Finally, several open questions and future directions in the field of innate immunity will be presented and discussed." ]

[ "NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are a family of intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play critical roles in innate immunity against pathogens infection. NLRC5, the largest member of NLR family, has been characterized as a regulator of innate immunity and MHC class I expression. Alternative splicing of NLRC5 is only reported in human and zebrafish. However, the function of NLRC5 isoforms in the innate immune responses remains unknown. In the present study, we report the functional characterization of zfNLRC5a and zfNLRC5d, two splicing isoforms of zebrafish NLRC5. zfNLRC5a and zfNLRC5d are generated by exon skipping, and whose alternative splicing sites exist in the region of LRRs. Fluorescence microscopy showed that zfNLRC5 isoforms were located throughout the entire cell including nuclear staining. The expression of zfNLRC5 isoform was inducible in response to bacterial and viral infections. During SVCV infection, the invitro and invivo studies found that zfNLRC5d overexpression increased protection against viral infection; however zfNLRC5a overexpression had no significant effect on antiviral activity. Interestingly, zfNLRC5 isoforms but not zfNLRC5 were involved in transcriptional regulation of TLRs and NF-B signaling. Overexpression of zfNLRC5 isoforms also contributed to negative regulation of antibacterial immune response, with the decreased expression of nfkbiaa (IB). All together, these results firstly demonstrate the function of NLRC5 isoforms in antiviral and antibacterial immune responses both invitro and invivo.", "Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that regulate a variety of inflammatory and host defense responses. Unlike the well-established NLRs, the roles of NLRP2 are controversial and poorly defined. Here, we report that NLRP2 acts as a negative regulator of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-mediated type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Mechanistically, NLRP2 interacted directly with TBK1, and this binding disrupted the interaction of TBK1 and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), which interfered with TBK1-induced IRF3 phosphorylation. IFNs induce a series of proteins that have well-known antiviral or immune-regulatory functions, and tight control of the IFN signaling cascade is critical for limiting tissue damage and preventing autoimmunity. Our studies indicate that the NLRP2-TBK1 axis may serve as an additional signaling cascade to maintain immune homeostasis in response to viral infection." ]

[ "She anticipates $11,000 per month." ]

[ "Her supposed $11,000 per month is pie in the sky." ]

[ "To investigate the potential effect of curcumin on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and a possible mechanism involving the PPARγ/Akt/NO signaling pathway in diabetes. The cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high glucose (25.5mmol/L) and insulin (0.1μmol/L) (HGI) and the antihypertrophic effect of curcumin were evaluated in primary culture by measuring the cell surface area, protein content and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) mRNA expression. The mRNA and protein expressions were assayed by reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting, whereas the NO concentration and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity were determined using nitrate reduction and ELISA methods, respectively. The cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by HGI was characterized by increasing ANF mRNA expression, total protein content, and cell surface area, with downregulated mRNA and protein expressions of both PPARγ and Akt, which paralleled the declining eNOS mRNA expression, eNOS content, and NO concentration. The effects of HGI were inhibited by curcumin (1, 3, 10μmol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner. GW9662 (10μmol/L), a selective PPARγ antagonist, could abolish the effects of curcumin. LY294002 (20μmol/L), an Akt blocker, and N(G)-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (100μmol/L), a NOS inhibitor, could also diminish the effects of curcumin" ]

[ "Recent studies have strongly indicated the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin; however, the precise mechanisms are not well understood. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of curcumin on hepatic damage and hepatic insulin resistance in biliary duct ligated (BDL) fibrotic rat model. To accomplish this, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (eight for each): sham group, BDL group, sham+Cur group and BDL+Cur group. The last two groups received curcumin at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks. The mRNA/protein expression levels of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), Rac1-GTP, dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (NOX1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1), specific protein 1 (Sp1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1á (HIF-1á) were measured by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Fasting blood glucose, insulin and Leptin levels were determined and homoeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, as an index of insulin resistance, was calculated. Curcumin significantly attenuated liver injury and fibrosis, including amelioration of liver histological changes, reduction of hepatic enzymes, as well as decreased expression of liver fibrogenesis-associated variables, including Rac1, Rac1-GTP, NOX1, ERK1, HIF-1á and Sp1. Curcumin also attenuated leptin level and insulin resistance, which had increased in BDL rats (P<0·05). Furthermore, compared with the BDL group, we observed an increase in IRS1 and a decrease in SOCS3 and STAT3 expression in the curcumin-treated BDL group (P<0·05), indicating return of these parameters towards normalcy. In conclusion, Curcumin showed hepatoprotective activity against BDL-induced liver injury and hepatic insulin resistance by influencing the expression of some genes/proteins involved in these processes, and the results suggest that it can be used as a therapeutic option.", "To address the underlying mechanisms by which curcumin facilitates M2 phenotype polarization of macrophages and its roles in the protective effects during experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). The expression of classic M2 markers, including macrophage mannose receptor (MMR), arginase-1 (Arg-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) was upregulated in curcumin-treated Raw264.7 macrophages. Curcumin increased interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) mRNA expression and protein secretion. Curcumin notably increased STAT6 phosphorylation. Leflunomide, a STAT6 inhibitor, and IL-4 and/or IL-13 neutralizing antibodies antagonized the induction of MMR, Arg-1 and PPAR-γ by curcumin in Raw264.7 cells. In vivo, 6-week old male Lewis rats were used to induce EAM and orally administrated with curcumin or corn oil for 3weeks after myosin injection. Cardiac functional parameters, including left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVEDs) and heart rate (HR) were significantly improved by curcumin treatment. Curcumin also reduced the inflammatory cell infiltration and myocardial mRNA levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Meanwhile, the myocardial mRNA levels of MMR and Arg-1 were markedly up-regulated by curcumin. Immunofluorescence assay showed that the number of CD68(+) MMR(+) and CD68(+) Arg-1(+) double positive macrophages in curcumin-treated myocardial tissue was significantly higher than untreated control. The number of CD68(+) iNOS(+) double positive macrophages was increased obviously in EAM group, but decreased markedly by curcumin treatment" ]

[ "We report a patient who presented with acute abdominal pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. His work-up revealed rupture of a 5.8 cm abdominal aortic aneurysm. He also had fever, cough, and shortness of breath and radiologic evidence of COVID-19 infection. After careful consideration, he underwent successful endovascular repair under local anesthesia with good short-term results." ]

[ "The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), was first identified in December of 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China. Since the outbreak, various reports detail its symptoms and outcomes, primarily focusing on respiratory complications. However, reports are emerging of the virus’ effects systemically, including that of the nervous system. A review of all current published literature was conducted, and we report that headache and anosmia were common neurological manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2. Less common symptoms include seizure, stroke and isolated cases of Guillain‐Barre syndrome. Further research is now warranted to precisely determine the relationship between those patients developing neurological sequelae, their clinical state and any subsequent morbidity and mortality.", "The world is currently embroiled in a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory illness caused by the novel betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The severity of COVID-19 disease ranges from asymptomatic to fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In few patients, the disease undergoes phenotypic differentiation between 7-14 days of acute illness, either resulting in full recovery or symptom escalation. However, the mechanism of such variation is not clear, but the facts suggest that patient's immune status, co-morbidities, and the systemic effects of the viral infection (potentially depending on the SARS-CoV-2 strain involved) play a key role. Subsequently, patients with the most severe symptoms tend to have poor outcomes, manifest severe hypoxia, and possess elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) along with elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, marked lymphopenia, and elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios. Based on the available evidence, we propose a mechanism wherein SARS-CoV-2 infection induces direct organ damage while also fueling an IL-6-mediated cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and hypoxia, resulting in escalating systemic inflammation, multi-organ damage, and end-organ failure. Elevated IL-6 and hypoxia together predisposes patients to pulmonary hypertension, and the presence of asymptomatic hypoxia in COVID-19 further compounds this problem. Due to the similar downstream mediators, we discuss the potential synergistic effects and systemic ramifications of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus during co-infection, a phenomenon we have termed \"COVI-Flu.\" Additionally, the differences between CRS and cytokine storm are highlighted. Finally, novel management approaches, clinical trials, and therapeutic strategies toward both SARS-CoV-2 and COVI-Flu infection are discussed, highlighting host response optimization and systemic inflammation reduction." ]

[ "Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the associations between smoke-free policies, current and former smoking status, personal smoking restrictions, and intention to quit among sexual and gender minority (SGM) and non-SGM individuals in Missouri.Aims and Methods: The current analysis derives from the Out, Proud and Healthy project. Chi-squares examined differences between SGM (N = 2210) and non-SGM (N = 586) respondents and former (N = 836) and current (N = 1960) smokers on smoking-related variables. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regression identified variables associated with former (vs. current) smoking.Results: SGM current smokers (25%) were significantly more likely than SGM former smokers (19%) to live in a community without a smoke-free policy. Among SGM current smokers, significantly greater intention to quit was seen in those living in a smoke-free community with a smoke-free policy of two or more years (94%) compared with those living in a community without a smoke-free policy (76%).Conclusions: Living in an area with smoke-free policies is related to greater intention to quit among SGM current smokers, greater support for smoke-free policies, and lower smoking prevalence for this community. The SGM community may collectively accrue greater public health benefits from the adoption of smoke-free policies than the non-SGM community.Implications: Prior to this study, no data are available regarding current and former smoking status among SGM individuals following the implementation of a local smoke-free policy. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between smoke-free policies, current and former smoking status, and intention to quit among SGM and non-SGM individuals in Missouri. This study finds evidence of lower current smoking prevalence and greater intentions to quit among SGM current smokers who live in communities with smoke-free policies. The SGM community may collectively accrue greater public health benefits from the adoption of smoke-free policies than the non-SGM community." ]

[ "The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control mandates the creation of smoke-free environments to protect non-smokers from second-hand smoke and reduce demand for tobacco. We aimed to examine the extent and nature of smoke-free campus policies at tertiary education institutions throughout New Zealand, and examine the policy development process. Stage one comprised an audit and content analysis of smoke-free policies. In stage two, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted to investigate the process of developing and implementing policies. Qualitative content analysis was undertaken on interview notes. Policies were identified for most institutions (n = 26/29), though varied widely in nature. Only nine mandated 100% smoke-free campuses without exceptions and few prohibited the sale of tobacco on campus, or connections with the tobacco industry. During interviews (n = 22/29), cited barriers to developing a 100% smoke-free policy included enforcement challenges and anticipated opposition from staff and students. However, participants from institutions with 100% smoke-free policies reported having encountered few challenges. Varying levels of compliance with 100% smoke-free policies were reported yet, overall, these policies were viewed as being effective. Smoke-free campus policies could be strengthened to better reflect a completely tobacco-free organization. Other institutions and workplaces could use these findings to develop 100% smoke-free policies.", "OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the proportion of councils with smoke-free outdoor areas (SFOA) policies in New South Wales (NSW), Australia and to explore the enablers and barriers to local governments introducing such policies.METHODS: A structured survey of council staff at NSW councils was conducted by telephone in 2011. Participants were asked about the existence of any SFOA policy, and enablers and barriers of the policy.RESULTS: The study was completed by 148 of 152 NSW councils. Eighty five (57%) councils had an SFOA policy, with playgrounds most likely to be covered by the policy. The most frequently cited enabler for the introduction of SFOA policy was direct advocacy letters, while the most commonly mentioned barrier was a lack of resources.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: In the absence of state or federal legislation, local government or councils may respond to community expectations for smoke-free outdoor areas by introducing policy. Advocacy and support from non-government health organisations can increase the likelihood of this occurring and address barriers facing councils, with rural councils most likely to benefit from such support. Interest from councils can influence the adoption of state-wide smoke-free outdoor areas legislation." ]

[ "He did nothing but sit in the lounge, perusing the papers until dinner." ]

[ "He ran out of the hotel in search of an arcade." ]

[ "Difference Between Document and Record. Main Difference – Document vs Record. Although document and record mean the same in general usage, they have specific meanings in the field of information. A document is a piece of writing that contains information whereas a record is a document that can be used as evidence. Both documents and records provide information, but records also serve as evidence. This is the main difference between document and record." ]

[ "Usually, that term means the document, or multiple copies of a document, that contain the actual ink used to sign. For example, a Registry of Deeds would not accept a print out of a PDF for recording. But, in most instances, such a document would be admissible in court.", "document, papers, written document - writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) articles of incorporation - a legal document that creates a corporation; it is filed with a state by the founders of a corporation and is governed by the laws of the state. derivative instrument, derivative - a financial instrument whose value is based on another security." ]

[ "It is well-accepted that most osteogenic differentiation processes do need growth factors assistance to improve efficiency. As a material cue, hydroxyapatite (HAp) can promote osteogenic differentiation of stem cells only in a way. Up to now, rare work related to the relationship between HAp nanostructures and stem cells in osteogenic differentiation process without the assistance of growth factors has been reported. In this study, one-dimensional (1D) HAp nanostructures with tunable length were synthesized by an oleic acid assisted solvothermal method by adjusting the alcohol/water ratio (). The morphology of 1D HAp nanostructures can be changed from long nanowires into nanorods with the value change. Different substrates constructed by 1D HAp nanostructures were prepared to investigate the effect of morphology of nanostructured HAp on stem cell fate without any growth factors or differentiation induce media. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), a kind of promising stem cell for autologous stem cell tissue engineering, were used as the stem cell model. The experiments prove that HAp morphology can determine the performance of hADSCs cultured on different substrates. Substrate constructed by HAp nanorods (100 nm) is of little benefit to osteogenic differentiations. Substrate constructed on HAp long nanowires (50 m) causes growth and spread inhibition of hADSCs, which even causes most cells death after 7 days of culture. However, substrate constructed by HAp short nanowires (5 m) can destine the hADSCs differentiation to osteoblasts efficiently in normal medium (after 3 weeks) without any growth factors. It is surprise that hADSCs have changed to polyhedral morphology and exhibited the tendency to osteogenic differentiation after only 24 h culture. Hydroxyapatite nanostructures mediated stem cell osteogenic differentiation excluding growth factors provides a powerful cue to design biomaterials with special nanostructures, and helps to elucidate the interaction of stem cell and biomaterials nanostructures. The results from this study are promising for application in bone tissue engineering." ]

[ "To avoid large open surgery using scaffold transplants, small-sized cell carriers are employed to repair complexly shaped tissue defects. However, most cell carriers show poor cell adherences and viability. Therefore, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a natural biopolymer, is used to prepare highly open porous microspheres (OPMs) of 300-360 m in diameter, combining the advantages of microspheres and scaffolds to serve as injectable carriers harboring proliferating stem cells. In addition to the convenient injection to a defected tissue, and in contrast to poor performances of OPMs made of polylactides (PLA OPMs) and traditional less porous hollow microspheres (PHA HMs), PHA OPMs present suitable surface pores of 10-60 m and interconnected passages with an average size of 8.8 m, leading to a high in vitro cell adhesion of 93.4%, continuous proliferation for 10 d and improved differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). PHA OPMs also support stronger osteoblast-regeneration compared with traditional PHA HMs, PLA OPMs, commercial hyaluronic acid hydrogels, and carrier-free hMSCs in an ectopic bone-formation mouse model. PHA OPMs protect cells against stresses during injection, allowing more living cells to proliferate and migrate to damaged tissues. They function like a micro-Noah's Ark to safely transport cells to a defect tissue.", "Increased mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) activity on hydroxyapatite (HA) bone tissue engineering scaffolds will improve their viability in diffusion-based in vivo environments and is therefore highly desirable. This work focused on modulating the sintered HA surface topography with a view to increasing cell activity; this was achieved by varying the sintering temperature of the HA substrates. Cells were cultured on the substrates for periods of up to 19 days and displayed a huge variation in viability. MSC metabolic activity was measured using a resazurin sodium salt assay and revealed that surfaces sintered from 1250 to 1350C significantly outperformed their lower temperature counterparts from day one (p ? 0.05). Surfaces sintered at 1300C induced 57% more cell activity than the control at day 16. No significant activity was observed on surfaces sintered below 1200C. It is suggested that this is due to the granular morphology produced at these temperatures providing insufficient contact area for cell attachment. In addition, we propose the average surface wavelength as a more quantitative surface descriptor than those readily found in the literature. The wavelengths of the substrates presented here were highly correlated with cell activity (R(2)  = 0.9019); with a wavelength of 2.675 m on the 1300C surface inducing the highest cell response." ]

[ "1 Declawing a cat using the laser method usually costs between $250 and $450, depending on the veterinarian. Declawing a cat can be a controversial procedure, and some veterinarians do not offer the service. Other veterinarians offer it reluctantly, believing it should be a last resort." ]

[ "spay or neutering one time cost varies there are many low cost spay and neuter clinics in the united states project catsnip in atlanta charges $ 40 neuter and $ 60 spay a private veterinarian might charge in the neighborhood of $ 60 neuter to $ 115 spay about the cost of a pair of designer jeansou can obtain a litter box for $ 6 to $ 200 for a deluxe self cleaning box a 17 pound bag of world s best cat litter costs around $ 19 and regular scooping should make it last almost two months for one cat about the cost of breakfast for two at denny s", "If performed on a human being, declawing would be like cutting off each finger at the last knuckle. A third procedure is the tendonectomy, in which the tendon that controls the claw in each toe is severed. The cat keeps his claws, but can't control them or extend them to scratch." ]

[ "In this study, we determined the antibacterial and synergistic activities of the essential oil from Zingiber cassumunar against the extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii strains. The antibacterial and synergistic properties of the essential oil from Z. cassumunar were examined by agar disc diffusion tests. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated by broth microdilution using the resazurin assay. The in vitro time-kill antibacterial kinetics was analyzed using the plate count technique. We found that the essential oil from Z. cassumunar had antibacterial activity against A. baumannii, with MIC and MBC ranging from 7.00 to 9.24mg/ml. The essential oil could completely inhibit A. baumannii at 1h, and coccoid-shaped bacteria were found after treatment. In addition, the essential oil had a synergistic effect when combined with antibiotics, e.g., aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and folate pathway inhibitors. Thus, the essential oil from Z. cassumunar has strong antibacterial and synergistic activities against XDR A. baumannii, which may provide the basis for the development of a new therapy against drug-resistant bacteria." ]

[ "The use of curcumin and resveratrol in combination has now become increasingly of interest because of their synergistic effects as therapeutic agents for various diseases, especially cancer. To overcome the poor oral bioavailability of both compounds and improve patient compliance, a novel self-microemulsifying formulation containing curcumin together with resveratrol was developed. Capryol 90, Cremophor EL, and Labrasol were selected as the oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant in the formulation, respectively, based on the solubility study of both compounds. More than 70 % and 80 % of curcumin and resveratrol, respectively, were released in 20 min. The formulation formed a fine oil in water microemulsion with droplet sizes in aqueous media of 15-20 nm. In addition, the formulation containing curcumin and resveratrol showed greater antioxidant activity than that of the formulations with individual compounds, while the cytotoxic activity against HT-29 of the co-formulation (IC50 = 18.25 M; curcumin and resveratrol in the ratio 1 : 1) was less than the formulation with only curcumin (IC50 = 30.1 M) and only resveratrol (IC50 = 25.4 M). After oral administration to rabbits, the self-microemulsifying formulation containing curcumin together with resveratrol increased the total plasma concentrations of curcumin and resveratrol by 10-fold and 6-fold, respectively, compared to the unformulated combination. This study clearly demonstrated the potential use of the self-microemulsifying formulation for co-delivery, and enhanced oral absorption of poorly water-soluble natural compounds. In addition, the combination was found to produce synergistic antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells.", "Neurotoxic thujones (- and -diastereoisomers) are common constituents of plant essential oils. In this study, we employed a statistical approach to determine the contribution of thujones to the overall observed behaviour-modulating and toxic effects of essential oils (Salvia officinalis L., Artemisia absinthium L., Thuja occidentalis L. and Tanacetum vulgare L.) containing these monoterpene ketones. The data from three invivo neuropharmacological tests on rats (open field, light-dark, and diazepam-induced sleep), and toxicity assays (brine shrimp, and antimicrobial activity against a panel of microorganisms), together with the data from detailed chemical analyses, were subjected to a multivariate statistical treatment to reveal the possible correlation(s) between the content of essential-oil constituents and the observed effects. The results strongly imply that the toxic and behaviour-modulating activity of the oils (hundreds of constituents) should not be associated exclusively with thujones. The statistical analyses pinpointed to a number of essential-oil constituents other than thujones that demonstrated a clear correlation with either the toxicity, antimicrobial effect or the activity on CNS. Thus, in addition to the thujone content, the amount and toxicity of other constituents should be taken into consideration when making risk assessment and determining the regulatory status of plants in food and medicines." ]

[ "Hepadnaviruses, including human hepatitis B virus (HBV), replicate through reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate, the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA)." ]

[ "Symptoms (jaundice and other symptoms, see below) then begin to develop as the virus replicates in the liver cells (hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, also termed liver macrophages). HAV reproduces itself by utilizing the liver cell's ribosomes for viral replication; however this interferes with normal liver cell function.", "While various details remain unknown about the exact natural processes of hepatitis C, like other viruses, it must complete eight key steps to carry out its life cycle: 1 The virus locates and attaches itself to a liver cell. The viral RNA then coopts the cell's ribosomes, and begins the production of materials necessary for viral reproduction. 2 Because hepatitis C stores its information in a sense strand of RNA, the viral RNA itself can be directly read by the host cell's ribosomes, functioning like the normal RNA present in the cell." ]

[ "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with atherosclerosis and reduced vascular compliance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between arterial stiffness measures, the histological severity of NAFLD, and epicardial fat thickness (EFT). A total of 100 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 50 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. The histological severity was assessed in all NAFLD patients. Measurements of arterial stiffness [pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx)] were carried out using a Mobil-O-Graph arteriograph system. EFT was assessed by means of echocardiography. Compared with controls, NAFLD patients had significantly higher PWV and AIx values. Stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that the liver fibrosis score and EFT were independent predictors of both PWV and AIx values in NAFLD patients" ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: To investigate diagnostic performance of point shear wave elastography by elastography point quantification (ElastPQ) for non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD).METHODS: Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (TE) and ElastPQ was performed in patients with CLD and healthy volunteers. The stage of liver fibrosis was defined by TE which served as the reference. We compared two methods by using correlation, area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) analysis, Bland and Altman plot and Passing-Bablok regression.RESULTS: A total of 185 subjects (20 healthy volunteers and 165 patients with CLD (128 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), 83 (44.9%) females, median age 53 years, BMI 27.3 kg/m2) were evaluated. There were 24.3%, 13.5% and 11.4% patients in ? F2, ? F3 and F4 stage, respectively. The best performing cutoff LSM values by ElastPQ were 5.5 kPa for F ? 2 (AUC = 0.96), 8.1 kPa for F ? 3 (AUC = 0.98) and 9.9 kPa for F4 (AUC = 0.98). Mean (SD) difference between TE and ElastPQ measurements was 0.98 (3.27) kPa (95% CI 0.51-1.45, range 4.99-21.60 kPa). Two methods correlated significantly (r = 0.86; p < 0.001), yet Bland and Altman plot demonstrated difference between measurements, especially with TE values > 10 kPa. Passing and Bablok regression analysis yielded significant constant and proportional difference between ElastPQ and TE.CONCLUSION: ElastPQ is reliable method for assessment of liver fibrosis but LSM values are not interchangeable with TE, especially above 10 kPa. Diagnostic performance of ElastPQ for sub-classification of patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease should therefore be furtherly investigated.KEY POINTS: • ElastPQ appears to be reliable method for assessment of liver fibrosis, with data presented here mostly applicable to NAFLD. • LSM values produced by TE and ElastPQ are NOT interchangeable-in values < 10 kPa, they are similar, but in values > 10 kPa, they appear to be increasingly and significantly different. • Diagnostic performance of ElastPQ for sub-classification of patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease should be furtherly investigated.", "Stiffness of the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque components is a determinant of the stress field within plaques, which has been suggested to be an indicator of plaque vulnerability. The diversity and inhomogeneous structure of atherosclerotic lesions complicate the characterization of plaque components. In the present study, stiffness of the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque components in human coronary arteries was examined in early and developed atherosclerotic lesions. The force-spectroscopy mode of the atomic force microscope and histological examination were used for determination of elastic moduli at specified locations within samples. Fibrous cap (E = 14.1 ± 3.8 kPa) showed lower stiffness than the fibrous tissue beneath the lipid pool (E = 17.6 ± 3.2 kPa). Calcification zones (E = 96.1 ± 18.8 kPa) and lipid pools (E = 2.7 ± 1.8 kPa) were the stiffest and softest components of atherosclerotic lesions, respectively. The increase of media stiffness (%44.8) and reduction of the elastic modulus of the internal elastic lamina (%28.9) was observed in coronary arteries. Moreover, significant differences were observed between the stiffness of medial layer in diseased parts and free-plaque segments in incomplete plaques of coronary arteries. Our results can be used for better understanding of remodeling mechanisms of the arterial wall with plaque development. Graphical abstract Stiffness alteration of the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque components with plaque development in coronary arteries." ]

[ "Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with various brain functions, such as learning, memory, and emotion. Intriguingly, reduction in new cell production in the hippocampus in middle age may underlie some of the cognitive deficits. Among several factors that may affect adult hippocampal neurogenesis, estrogens have been suggested to be critically involved in the cognitive impairment of postmenopausal women. Phytoestrogens, such as daidzein and genistein, are expected to work as estrogen substitutes. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of daidzein on adult hippocampal neurogenesis using middle-aged (12-month-old) female mice. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of daidzein or vehicle for four weeks, and the cells at specific stages of neurogenesis were presumptively defined using molecular markers. Administration of daidzein did not affect the numerical densities (NDs) of primary progenitors, early transient amplifying progenitors (TAPs), and astrocytes. In contrast, the NDs of late TAPs, neural progenitors, and immature granule cells were increased by daidzein. The NDs of proliferating cells, but not apoptotic cells, were also increased by daidzein. To examine the effects of daidzein on maturation of adult-born cells, we three-dimensionally traced their dendritic arbors: the branch number, total length, and intersection number (Sholl analysis) of immature granule cells were increased by daidzein. In general, the effects of daidzein were more dominant in the dorsal region than in the ventral region. The cell type- and region-specific enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by daidzein provides a key to understanding the actions of estrogen substitutes for the treatment of postmenopausal women." ]

[ "Emerging evidence has linked chronic temporal lobe epilepsy to dramatically reduced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. However, the profile of different components of neurogenesis in the chronically epileptic hippocampus is still unclear, especially the incorporation of newly generated cells. To address the issue, newly generated cells in the sub-granular zone of the dentate gyrus were labeled by the proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or retroviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein 2 months after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. The newly generated neurons that extended axons to CA3 area or integrated into memory circuits were visualized by cholera toxin B subunit retrograde tracing, and detecting activation of BrdU(+) cells following a recall of spatial memory test at the chronic stage of TLE. We found that the microenvironment was still able to sustain significant neuronal differentiation of newly generated cells at 2 months post-status epilepticus time-point, and newly added neurons into granular cell layer were still able to integrate into neuronal circuitry, both anatomically and functionally. Quantified analyses of BrdU(+) or Ki-67(+) cells demonstrated that there was a reduced proliferation of progenitor cells and diminished survival of newly generated cells in the epileptic hippocampus. Both decreased levels of neurotrophic factors in the surrounding milieu and cell loss in the CA3 area might contribute the decreased production of new cells and their survival following chronic epilepsy. These results suggest that decreased neurogenesis in the chronically epileptic hippocampus 2 months post status epilepticus is not associated with altered integration of newly generated neurons, and that developing strategies to augment hippocampal neurogenesis in chronic epilepsy might be protective.", "Levetiracetam (LEV), a second-generation antiepileptic drug, is commonly prescribed to treat certain types of seizures. Few studies have investigated the effects of LEV on hippocampal neurogenesis and its related mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated the effects of LEV on cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). We here demonstrate a dose-dependent increase in Ki-67-immunoreactive cells in the subgranular zone of the DG in LEV-treated mice, and doublecortin-immunoreactive cells were also significantly increased in the hippocampal DG of mice treated with LEV. The above results indicate that LEV could improve cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampus. In addition, we also found that LEV treatment improved superoxide dismutase (SOD)2, catalase and Gpx-1 levels and increased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated Akt protein levels in the hippocampus. Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects revealed that PC12 cell was blocked by a pharmacological inhibitor of PI3K (LY294002), and that LEV treatment rapidly activated PI3K/Akt and SOD2, catalase and Gpx-1. In brief, our results indicate that LEV enhanced cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation by increasing the expression of antioxidants and PI3K and the level of phosphorylated Akt in the mouse hippocampus." ]

[ " Patient received pain medication" ]

[ " Patient received no pain medication" ]

[ "The Child Tax Credit allows parents and guardians to reduce their federal income tax by up to $1,000 for each qualifying child they have under the age of 17. If the amount of the Child Tax Credit exceeds your tax debt, you can claim the Additional Child Tax Credit and receive some of this back as a refund. In 2010 this credit phased out for married taxpayers who had an income of $110,000 or greater and for single filers at $55,000." ]

[ "At this taxable income level this family would qualify for the Child Tax Credit on each of their two children, which reduces the tax liability by $2,000 for a total federal income tax liability of $6,437 on $100,000 of gross income.o illustrate the tax calculation for a family of four with a $100,000 income, I’m going to calculate their tax liability just using the regular standard deduction and personal exemptions, so this is as conservative as possible.", "If the amount of your Child Tax Credit is greater than the amount of income tax that you owe, you may be able to claim the Additional Child Tax Credit. The Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC) on Schedule 8812 is refundable to the extent of 15% of the taxpayer’s earned income in excess of $3,000. A refundable ACTC may be available to those who qualify and have not used up the available CTC amount." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: In 2014, the Unites States experienced an outbreak of enterovirus D68 associated with severe respiratory illness. The clinical characteristics associated with severe illness from enterovirus D68 during this outbreak compared with those associated with the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus outbreak are unknown.DESIGN AND SETTING: In this retrospective cohort study, we characterized the clinical features of children with enterovirus D68 admitted to the PICU between August 1, 2014, and November 1, 2014, and compared them with critically ill children infected with H1N1 influenza during the pandemic admitted between May 1, 2009, and January 31, 2010.PATIENTS: PICU patients.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Ninety-seven severely ill children with enterovirus D68 infections were compared with 68 children infected with H1N1 influenza during the 2009 pandemic. Children with enterovirus D68 were more likely to have asthma (62% vs 23%; p < 0.001) and present with reactive airway disease exacerbations, with greater receipt of albuterol (94% vs 49%) and steroids (89% vs 40%; p < 0.0001 for both). Although more children with enterovirus D68 were admitted to the ICU compared with those with H1N1 influenza, they had a shorter hospital length of stay (4 vs 7 d; p < 0.0001), with lower intubation rates (7% vs 44%), vasopressor use (3% vs 32%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (3% vs 24%), shock (0% vs 16%), and death (0% vs 12%; p < 0.05 for all). Compared with children with other enteroviruses and rhinoviruses, children with enterovirus D68 were more likely to have a history of asthma (64% vs 45%) or multiple prior wheezing episodes (54% vs 34%; p < 0.01 for both).CONCLUSIONS: Critically ill children with enterovirus D68 were more likely to present with reactive airway disease exacerbations, whereas children with H1N1 influenza were more likely to present with pneumonia. Compared with the pandemic H1N1 influenza outbreak, the enterovirus D68 outbreak resulted in more children requiring admission to the ICU, but was associated with less severe outcomes." ]

[ "INTRODUCTION: Currently, little is known about the immunological characteristics of patients with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infection.METHODS: The numbers and percentages of peripheral blood immune cells were measured in 27 patients with laboratory-confirmed H7N9 virus infection and 30 healthy controls (HCs). The functional phenotypes of T cells and monocytes, as well as serum cytokine levels, were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS: There were 19 patients (70.4%) with acute respiratory distress syndrome, 13 (48.1%) with secondary respiratory infection, 20 (74%) with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS; defined as having at least two concurrent SIRS components), 18 (66.7%) with lymphocytopenia and 11 (40.7%) with reduced numbers of monocytes. In comparison with levels in the HCs, the levels of serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8 and IL-10 and the percentages of CD38+ or Tim-3+ T cells were significantly increased. However, the percentages of human leukocyte antigen-DR + and Tim-3+ monocytes were significantly decreased in patients compared with HCs.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with avian H7N9 virus infection display profound SIRS concomitantly with an anti-inflammatory response, which may be associated with the rapid progression of and high mortality associated with this novel viral disease.", "OBJECTIVES: To improve information for patients and to facilitate a vaccination coverage that is in line with the EU and World Health Organization goals, we aimed to quantify how vaccination and patient characteristics impact on influenza vaccination uptake of elderly people.METHODS: An online discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted among 1261 representatives of the Dutch general population aged 60 years or older. In the DCE, we used influenza vaccination scenarios based on five vaccination characteristics: effectiveness, risk of severe side effects, risk of mild side effects, protection duration, and absorption time. A heteroscedastic multinomial logit model was used, taking scale and preference heterogeneity (based on 19 patient characteristics) into account.RESULTS: Vaccination and patient characteristics both contributed to explain influenza vaccination uptake. Assuming a base case respondent and a realistic vaccination scenario, the predicted uptake was 58%. One-way changes in vaccination characteristics and patient characteristics changed this uptake from 46% up to 61% and from 37% up to 95%, respectively. The strongest impact on vaccination uptake was whether the patient had been vaccinated last year, whether s/he had experienced vaccination side effects, and the patient's general attitude towards vaccination.CONCLUSIONS: Although vaccination characteristics proved to influence influenza vaccination uptake, certain patient characteristics had an even higher impact on influenza vaccination uptake. Policy makers and general practitioners can use these insights to improve their communication plans and information regarding influenza vaccination for individuals aged 60 years or older. For instance, physicians should focus more on patients who had experienced side effects due to vaccination in the past, and policy makers should tailor the standard information folder to patients who had been vaccinated last year and to patient who had not." ]

[ "Estriol (E3) is produced by the placenta and is important for early pregnancy maintenance. In blood, E3 can be detected from the 8th week of pregnancy. Under the influence of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormone ACTH, E3 levels increase sharply after the 10th week. Although E3 can be reliably analyzed in saliva, till now information about the concentrations during the first trimester is missing. The aim of this study was to verify whether the sensitivity of a newly developed enzyme immunoassay is sufficient for the determination of salivary E3 (sE3) in very early pregnancy. Saliva samples were collected at home, once weekly in 25 healthy pregnant women from the 6th week of gestation to the end of the first trimester. sE3 was detectable from the beginning of the 6th pregnancy week (M = 3.17 pg/ml, SD = 2.13). A steep significant increase between the 7th and the 8th week (p = 0.029) and again between the 10th and the 11th week (p = 0.001) was apparent" ]

[ "The diagnosis of malignant tumors during pregnancy is not uncommon; the incidence is one per six thousand pregnancies. However, the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma-especially T-cell lymphoma-during pregnancy is extremely rare. Thus, the early detection and management of T-cell lymphoma necessitates difficult decision-making. A 30-year-old woman developed consciousness disturbance on postpartum day three. Because brain MRI showed multiple edematous lesions in both hemispheres, vasculitis or encephalitis was initially suspected, and diagnostic therapy was initiated with the administration of steroids. One month later, the patient suddenly developed a subarachnoid hemorrhage followed by acute hydrocephalus. Emergent ventricular drainage and lesion biopsy were simultaneously performed. Based on the findings, the patient was diagnosed with peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified(PTCL-NOS). Laboratory findings indicated Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection. Moreover, the same diagnosis was supported by breast and bone marrow biopsies. Thus, the brain lesions were presumed to be metastatic in nature. The prognosis of PTCL-NOS is severely poor in pregnant women as diagnosis is delayed owing to limitations of radiological examinations and because symptoms can be confused with those of other diseases or hyperemesis gravidarum. Additionally, the alteration of immunotolerance in association with pregnancy and EBV infection might have influenced the aggressive features of this case. When a pregnant woman presents with neurological symptoms, malignant lymphoma should be considered when making a differential diagnosis.", "Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are expressed by the ruminal placenta, making their detection in blood an accurate indicator of pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate two commercially available PAG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in muskoxen ( Ovibos moschatus). The two tests are based on the same principles; however, one is evaluated photometrically and the other visually. Sixteen samples covering all trimesters of pregnancy, and 16 nonpregnant samples were included to evaluate test performance. Both tests reliably detected pregnancy. The photometric ELISA showed a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 100%, respectively. Although the visual ELISA depends on somewhat subjective interpretations, it came up with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 100%, and might thus provide a useful in-house tool when limited laboratory equipment is available. Analysis of additional samples showed consistent results during pregnancy and circulating PAGs for at least 18 days postpartum." ]

[ "Symptoms: Although canker sores can appear anywhere on the mucous membranes of the mouth, they most frequently appear on the inner surfaces of the cheeks and lips, tongue and soft palate. They are usually oval or round with a grayish-white eroded surface surrounded by a red inflamed area." ]

[ "1 Canker sores are small, painful ulcers on the inside of the mouth, tongue, lips, or throat. 2 Symptoms of canker sores include small, painful, crater-like ulcers. 3 See a doctor if canker sores are accompanied by fever, last more than three weeks, or the affected individual has difficulty swallowing.", "A canker sore is typically one that occurs on the delicate tissues inside your mouth. It is usually light-colored at its base and can have a red exterior border. A cold sore or fever blister, on the other hand, usually occurs on the outside of the mouth, usually on or near the nose or lips." ]

[ "Adverse childhood experiences, comprised of forms of maltreatment and certain dysfunctional household environments, can affect the development of a child in a variety of different ways. This multitude of developmental changes may subsequently produce compounding harmful effects on the child's life and increase acutely maladaptive outcomes, including adolescent suicidal behavior. This study uses data collected from 2007 to 2012 for 64,329 Florida Department of Juvenile Justice youth (21.67% female, 42.88% African American, and 15.37% Hispanic) to examine the direct and indirect effects of adverse childhood experiences on suicide attempts. Using a generalized structural equation model, the effects of adverse childhood experience scores are estimated on suicidal behavior through pathways of certain aspects of a child's personality development (aggression and impulsivity), as well as adolescent problem behaviors (school difficulties and substance abuse). The results show that a large proportion of the relationship between childhood adversity and suicide is mediated by the aforementioned individual characteristics, specifically through the youth's maladaptive personality development. These results suggest that, if identified early enough, the developmental issues for these youth could potentially be addressed in order to thwart potential suicidal behavior." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Recent cross-sectional studies have shown psychotic experiences (PEs) are associated with suicidal ideation and behaviours. We aimed to examine associations between psychotic experiences (including persistent PE), and contemporaneous and incident non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts.METHOD: Participants were from an Australian longitudinal cohort of 1896 adolescents (12-17 years). NSSI and suicide attempts were measured using the Self-Harm Behaviour Questionnaire. Items from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children were used to assess psychotic experiences, and the General Health Questionnaire-12 measured psychological distress.RESULTS: Adolescents both psychologically distressed and endorsing psychotic experiences had increased odds of contemporaneous and incident NSSI and attempted suicide. Psychotic experiences alone did not predict future risk. Persistent psychotic experiences were associated with increased risk of NSSI and suicide attempts.CONCLUSIONS: Psychological distress with accompanying psychotic experiences and persistent psychotic experiences are important predictors of NSSI and suicide attempts. Screening these phenotypes in adolescents will assist in discerning those adolescents most at risk, providing opportunities for targeted suicide prevention strategies.", "BACKGROUND: Traumatic experiences during childhood may influence the development of mental disorders during adulthood.AIM: To determine clinical and psychosocial variables that are associated with a higher frequency of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in patients who consult for depression in Primary Health Care clinics in Chile.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A socio-demographic interview, the mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI), a screening for ACE, a questionnaire for partner violence (PV), the Life Experiences Survey (LES) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRDS) were applied to 394 patients with major depression (87% women).RESULTS: Eighty two percent of patients had experienced at least one ACE and 43% of them reported three or more. Positive correlations were observed between the number of ACE and severity of depressive symptoms (r = 0.19; p < 0.01), psychiatric comorbidities (r = 0.23; p < 0.01), partner violence events (r = 0.31; p < 0.01), vital stressful events (r = 0.12; p < 0.01), number of depressive episodes (r = 0.16; p < 0.01), duration of the longer depressive episode (r = 0.12; p < 0.05) and suicidal tendency according to HDRS (r = 0.16; p < 0.01). An inverse correlation was observed between frequency of ACE and age at the first depressive episode (r = -0.12; p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with the hypothesis that early trauma is associated with more severe and complex depressive episodes during adulthood." ]

[ "The heterogeneity of the dyspepsia symptom complex is well known. Several attempts to classify dyspepsia into subgroups have been proposed as a basis for diagnosis and therapy, but data are conflicting. We postulated that dyspepsia comprises three distinct subsets, characterized by pain, early satiety, or nausea/vomiting. We aimed to identify these subsets of dyspepsia: \"frequent upper abdominal pain (UAP),\"\"early satiety (ES),\" and \"nausea/vomiting (NV).\" A population-based, cross-sectional survey study was conducted by mailing a valid questionnaire to an age- and gender-stratified random sample of residents of Olmsted County, MN, aged 20-94 yr (response rate 55%). Dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) prevalence were estimated by Rome II criteria; gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) by weekly or more frequent heartburn or acid regurgitation. Dyspepsia subgroups were categorized based on a priori defined symptoms. The prevalence (95% CI) of dyspepsia was 15% (14, 17). Of 351 dyspeptic subjects, 51% (46, 56) reported UAP, 21% (16, 25) NV, and 47% (42, 52) ES. The overlap of the subgroups was significantly less than expected by chance. Among the three groups, the subjects were similar in age, educational level, IBS status, and overall symptom severity. A high somatic symptom checklist score and those with GERD were associated with greater odds for reporting combination symptoms compared with the upper abdominal pain subgroup of dyspepsia or the early satiety subgroup of dyspepsia, respectively" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Dyspepsia is a common condition associated with gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Prokinetics are the treatment of choice for functional dyspepsia (FD). However, the role of prokinetics in FD treatment is still controversial.OBJECTIVES: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of prokinetics in the treatment of FD. The primary outcome was overall absence of or improvement of symptoms and symptom scores at the end of treatment. We also evaluated quality of life (QoL) and adverse events as secondary outcomes.SEARCH METHODS: We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL, from 1946 until September 2017. RevMan 5.3 was used to calculate pooled risk ratios (RR) of symptoms persisting or without improved QoL or adverse events, mean difference (MD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) of post-treatment symptoms scores, changes of symptom scores, and QoL, when appropriate with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a random-effects model. Quality of evidence was evaluated using GRADE methodology.SELECTION CRITERIA: We included studies that were parallel group RCTs comparing one prokinetic with either placebo or another prokinetic of the same or different class for the treatment of FD. Studies involved adults who presented with dyspepsia symptoms and who had negative or insignificant findings on endoscopy as well as no other organic and metabolic disorders. Studies only including participants with primarily reflux or heartburn symptoms were excluded.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed study eligibility, study quality and performed data extraction.MAIN RESULTS: From an initial 1388 citations, we identified 43 studies in 40 papers. Of those, 29 studies with 10,044 participants compared six prokinetics with placebo for the outcome of absence of symptoms or symptom improvement. There was a statistically significant effect of prokinetic treatment in reducing global symptoms of FD (RR of remaining dyspeptic = 0.81, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.89; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) =7, very low-quality evidence) with considerable heterogeneity; I2 = 91% (P < 0.00001). After removing cisapride from the analysis, the effect of prokinetics in global symptom improvement still persisted, compared to placebo (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.94), but was still based on very low-quality evidence. The result showed persistence of significant improvement in subgroups of studies at unclear or at low risk of bias (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.92), and in subgroups by molecules of cisapride (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.93; NNTB = 4), acotiamide (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98; NNTB = 20) and tegaserod(RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.96; NNTB = 14).Ten studies compared different types of prokinetics with each other and the most commonly used comparator was domperidone, 10 mg three times a day (eight of the 10 studies). There was a significantly better post-treatment symptom score in other prokinetics, compared to domperidone (SMD -0.19, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.03, very low-quality evidence), but no difference in reducing global symptom (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.07), and mean difference symptom scores (SMD -0.13, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.05). We found five studies that assessed quality of life, but there was no benefit in improving quality of life with prokinetic treatment (SMD 0.11, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.33; participants = 1774). The adverse events in individual prokinetics was not different from placebo (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.25; participants = 3811; studies = 17). However, when we looked at the adverse effects by each prokinetic, there were overall greater adverse effects in the active treatment group with cisapride (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.65; P = 0.03). The most common side effects were diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort and nausea. The funnel plot was asymmetric (Egger's test, P = 0.02) implying reporting bias or other small-study effects may be, in part, driving the benefit of prokinetics compared to placebo in this meta-analysis. The GRADE assessment of the quality of the evidence in each outcome are mostly low or very low due to concerns around risk of bias in study design, unexplained heterogeneity and possible publication bias.AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Due to low, or very low, quality of evidence, we are unable to say whether prokinetics are effective for the treatment of functional dyspepsia . We are uncertain which of the individual prokinetic drugs is the most effective as well as whether prokinetics can improve quality of life. Apart from cisapride, prokinetics are well-tolerated. Good quality RCTs are needed to verify the efficacy of prokinetics.", "To identify the genetic cause of autosomal-dominant pattern dystrophy (PD) of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in two families. Two families with autosomal-dominant PD were identified. Eight members of family 1 (five affected) were subjected to whole-genome SNP genotyping; multipoint genome-wide linkage analysis identified 7 regions of potential linkage, and genotyping four additional individuals from family 1 resulted in a maximum logarithm of odds score of 2.09 observed across four chromosomal regions. Exome sequencing of two affected family 1 members identified 15 shared non-synonymous rare coding sequence variants within the linked regions; candidate genes were prioritised and further analysed. Sanger sequencing confirmed a novel heterozygous missense variant (E79K) in orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) that segregated with the disease phenotype. Family 2 with PD (two affected) harboured the same missense variant in OTX2. A shared haplotype of 19.68 cM encompassing OTX2 was identified between affected individuals in the two families. Within the two families, all except one affected demonstrated distinct 'patterns' at the macula. In vivo structural retinal imaging showed discrete areas of RPE-photoreceptor separation at the macula in all cases. Electroretinogram testing showed generalised photoreceptor degeneration in three cases. Mild developmental anomalies were observed, including optic nerve head dysplasia (four cases), microcornea (one case) and Rathke's cleft cyst (one case); pituitary hormone levels were normal" ]

[ "Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda, Anisakidae) was isolated from the intestine of the common sole Solea solea (Family, Soleidae) collected from coasts along Alexandria City at the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt, during the period from May to September 2013. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that this nematode parasite belongs to the family Anisakidae in the genus Hysterothylacium. The type species is named H. aduncum, based on the presence of three interlocked lips with the interlabium in between, the presence of cephalic papillae, and large numbers of caudal papillae in males. Body measurements showed that the male worms were smaller than females measuring 13.9-18 mm (16.2  0.2) in length and 0.26-0.34 mm (0.30  0.01) in width. Females measured 20.5-24.5 mm (22.7  0.2) in length and 0.41-0.52 mm (0.45  0.01) in width. The morphological characteristics of this species was confirmed by molecular analysis of 18S rDNA for these parasites followed by comparison between sequence data for them with those obtained from the Genbank showing that H. aduncum is deeply embedded in the genus Hysterothylacium with a sequence similarity between 95.5-94.3 % with close relationships to other H. aduncum specimens and Hysterothylacium sp.. Furthermore, it was shown that this parasitic nematode is able to accumulate larger concentrations of heavy metals such as Fe, Cu, Cd, and Ni within its tissues than of its host fish and thus it can be used as a useful bio-indicator of water pollution." ]

[ "The swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus supports a large proportion of crab aquaculture in China. In the last decade, the sustainable culture of this crab was threatened by the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinuim, resulting in massive mortality (up to 95%) in severely impacted culture ponds. Previous studies of Hematodinium were mainly focused on histology, molecular characterization, epizootiology, etc., with limited studies conducted to explore this specific host-parasite interaction. Thus, to give a primary insight into the anti-parasitic immune response at the critical stage of infection, the expression levels of 8 immune-related genes together with enzyme activities of phenoloxidase (PO), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and acid phosphatase (ACP), were evaluated in hepatopancreas during 3-192h (h) post inoculation. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining showed noticeable pathological changes in hepatopancreas. The enzyme activities of PO, AKP, and ACP were significantly induced after inoculation. The changes of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) transcripts and the constantly enhanced PO activity reflected the critical function of the proPO system in resisting against the parasites. The decreased expression levels of LGBP and PPAF implied an immunosuppressive mechanism of the parasites against the host proPO system. And the significant variations in transcriptional levels of two important proteinase inhibitors (serpin, 2m) and three P. trituberculatus clip-domain serine proteinases (PTcSPs) suggested that the parasites could affect proteinase cascade reactions associated with immune response by destroying the balance between serine proteinases and the inhibitors. Moreover, the results indicated that the hepatopancreas of P. trituberculatus was significantly affected by invasion of the parasite, and hepatopancreas played important roles in the crustacean innate immunity against the parasitic infection.", "The manipulation of intermediate host behavior may increase chances of parasite transmission to the definitive host. In freshwater environments of the Neotropical Region, studies on behavioral manipulations by parasites are rare, and the majority of these consider only a single parasite species and/or 1 life stage of a particular parasite species. In Andean Patagonian lakes of Argentina, the amphipod Hyalella patagonica is infected by larvae of the fish nematode Hedruris suttonae and by the bird acanthocephalan Pseudocorynosoma sp. The 3 objectives of the present study were to determine whether H. suttonae and Pseudocorynosoma sp. differ in their effects on behavior of H. patagonica , whether such modification is associated with parasite development, and to assess the associations between behavioral traits. From naturally parasitized amphipods, activity (swimming levels) and phototaxis (light preference) was measured. Only in phototaxis trials did larvae of H. suttonae induce significantly higher levels of photophilia, suggesting that they are manipulative. Scores of activity and phototaxis were positive and significantly related for non-parasitized female amphipods and for amphipods parasitized by larvae of Pseudocorynosoma sp. but were not associated in amphipods parasitized with larvae of H. suttonae (infective and non-infective), suggesting that infection separated the relationship between these variables." ]

[ "Trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the industrial toxic byproducts that now persist in the air, soil, and water. Several studies have already illustrated the toxic effect of high doses of TCE on the biological functions of several organs. This study aims to highlight the toxic impact of a low dose of TCE (1 mol/L) on the development of rat neural stem cells (NSCs). The subventricular zones (SVZ) of rat pup's brains were collected and minced, and the harvested cells were cultured in the presence of neural growth factors B27/N2 to develop neurospheres. The cells were then exposed to a dose of 1 mol/L TCE for 1 or 2 weeks. The outcomes indicated a remarkable inhibitory effect of TCE on the differentiation capacity of NSCs, which was confirmed by down-regulation of the astrocyte marker GFAP The inhibitory effect of TCE on the proliferation of NSCs was identified by the reductions in neurosphere diameter, Ki67 expression, and cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. Immunolabelling with annexin V indicated the proapoptotic effect of TCE exposure. PCR results revealed a TCE-mediated suppression of the expression of the antioxidant enzyme SOD1. This paper illustrates, for the first time, a detailed examination of the toxic effects of an environmentally low dose of TCE on NCSs at the transcriptional, translational, and functional levels." ]

[ "The effects of the vitamin E isomer -tocopherol on neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation have not been investigated until now. Here we investigated the effects of -tocopherol on NSC neural differentiation, maturation and its possible mechanisms. Neonatal rat NSCs were grown in suspended neurosphere cultures, and were identified by their expression of nestin protein and their capacity for self-renewal. Treatment with a low concentration of -tocopherol induced a significant increase in the percentage of -III-tubulin-positive cells. -Tocopherol also stimulated morphological maturation of neurons in culture. We further observed that -tocopherol stimulation increased the expression of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels. Moreover, a L-type specific Ca(2+) channel blocker verapamil reduced the percentage of differentiated neurons after -tocopherol treatment, and blocked the effects of -tocopherol on NSC differentiation into neurons. Together, our study demonstrates that -tocopherol may act through elevation of L-type calcium channel activity to increase neuronal differentiation.", "Recent advances in neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation have led to an inspiring progress in alleviating central nervous system (CNS) damages and restoring brain functions from diseases or injuries. One challenge of NSC transplantation is directed differentiation of transplanted NSCs into desired neuronal subtypes, such as neurons, to compensate the adverse impact of brain injury; another challenge lies in the lack of tools to noninvasively monitor the dynamics of NSC differentiation after transplantation in vivo. In this study, we developed a polymer nanovehicle for morphogen sustained release to overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods to realize the long-term directed NSC differentiation in vivo. Moreover, we constructed a bicistronic vector with a unique neuron specific gene tubb3 promoter to drive reporter gene expression for real-time imaging of NSC differentiation and migration. The developed uniform nanovehicle showed efficient NSC uptake and achieved a controlled release of morphogen in cytosol to consistently stimulate NSC differentiation into neurons at a sustainably effective concentration. The spatiotemporal imaging results showed a multiplexed migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis orchestra of transplanted NSCs regulated by nanovehicles in TBI mice. The imaging results also uncovered the peak time of NSC differentiation in vivo. Although we observed only a handful of NSCs ultimately migrated to the TBI area and differentiated into neurons, those neurons were functional, ameliorating the detrimental impact of TBI. The imaging findings enabled by the nanovehicle and the neuron specific bicistronic vector provide additional understanding of the in vivo behaviors of transplanted NSCs in neuronal regenerative medicine." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore whether positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) guided by esophageal pressure is better than the acute respiratory distress syndrome network (ARDSNet) during the treatment of traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients.SUGGESTIONS: The use of the oxygenation method of inhaled oxygen concentration titration PEEP is suggested.METHODS: This study takes traumatic ARDS patients as the research object. The data of 23 patients were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the esophageal pressure titration PEEP group (n= 12), and the ARDSNet (PEEP-FiO2 table) titration PEEP group (n= 11). All patients were given mechanical ventilation, and changes in oxygenation index, respiratory mechanics, hemodynamics and inflammatory reaction index were recorded when titrating the best PEEP with the two methods on the current day of grouping and after grouping for 24, 48 and 72 hours.RESULTS: The PEEP titration value in the esophageal pressure group was 12 4 cm H2O, and this value was significantly higher than the PEEP titration value in the ARDSNet group (8 3 cm H2O) (P< 0.05). The end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure of titrating the best PEEP with the esophageal pressure method and ARDSNet method is 0.5 0.7 cm H2O vs.-1.1 3.3 cm H2O (P< 0.05). When titrating the best PEEP with the esophageal pressure method, lung tissue compliance, end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure and the oxygenation index are higher than those obtained through the ARDSNet method (P< 0.05). (2) In the esophageal pressure group, with the extension of treatment time, high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) exhibited a trend of significant decrease (P< 0.05). In the ARDSNet group, with the extension of treatment time, PCT also exhibited a significant decrease (P< 0.05), while the decrease in hs-CRP was not significant (P> 0.05). After comparing these two treatment groups at each monitoring time point, we found that the difference in hs-CRP and PCT was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). During the 72-hour treatment of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), we found that these two were significantly lower in the esophageal pressure group than in the ARDSNet group (P< 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The PEEP selection of mechanical ventilation of patients with traumatic ARDS guided by transpulmonary pressure and calculated by measuring intrapleural pressure can realize the individual adjustment of PEEP, identify ARDS patients benefiting from high PEEP, and provide a PEEP setting that can better meet the needs of traumatic patients." ]

[ "Malignant esophageal pathology typically requires resection of the esophagus and reconstruction to restore foregut continuity. Reconstruction options are limited and morbid. The esophagus represents a useful target for tissue engineering strategies based on relative simplicity in comparison to other organs. The ideal tissue engineered conduit would have sufficient and ideally matched mechanical tolerances to native esophageal tissue. Current methods for mechanical testing of esophageal tissues both in vivo and ex vivo are typically destructive, alter tissue conformation, ignore anisotropy, or are not able to be performed in fluid media. The aim of this study was to investigate biomechanical properties of swine esophageal tissues through nondestructive testing utilizing sonometry ex vivo. This method allows for biomechanical determination of tissue properties, particularly longitudinal and circumferential moduli and strain energy functions. The relative contribution of mucosal-submucosal layers and muscular layers are compared to composite esophagi. Swine thoracic esophageal tissues (n  =  15) were tested by pressure loading using a continuous pressure pump system to generate stress. Preconditioning of tissue was performed by pressure loading with the pump system and pre-straining the tissue to in vivo length before data was recorded. Sonometry using piezocrystals was utilized to determine longitudinal and circumferential strain on five composite esophagi. Similarly, five mucosa-submucosal and five muscular layers from thoracic esophagi were tested independently. This work on esophageal tissues is consistent with reported uniaxial and biaxial mechanical testing and reported results using strain energy theory and also provides high resolution displacements, preserves native architectural structure and allows assessment of biomechanical properties in fluid media. This method may be of use to characterize mechanical properties of tissue engineered esophageal constructs.", "OBJECTIVE: High-resolution manometry of the esophagus has gained worldwide acceptance, using different solid-state catheters. Thus, normal values for lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resting pressure in suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease patients have been established using water-perfused manometry. These standard values are commonly applied using also solid-state techniques, although they have never been compared before. The aim of the study was to compare LES measurements obtained with water-perfused manometry with a solid-state technique.METHODS: Thirty healthy subjects were studied twice on the same day: Technique 1: Station pull through using a water-perfused catheter with ports arranged at 0, 90, 180 and 270 which were averaged to give a mean LES pressure. Technique 2: Solid-state circumferential probe with a single station pull through. Data were collected using the same computer system and program. The LES pressures were randomly and blindly analyzed.RESULTS: Twenty-seven subjects out of 30 were analyzed. Using the solid-state system, the mean LES pressure was higher (15.0 vs. 23.3 mmHg, p = 0.003) and 19 of 27 (70%) individual measurements were higher. Two subjects had a hypertensive LES by solid state (58.6 resp. 47.5 mmHg), while their pressures were normal with water-perfused manometry (21.0 resp. 23.4 mmHg). The distal esophageal pressures (mean of pressure at 3 and 8 cm above LES) were the same with the two techniques.CONCLUSION: In normal control subjects, LES measurement using circumferential solid-state transducers yields higher pressures than standard water-perfused manometry. Which system yields the \"true\" resting pressure of the physiologic LES remains to be determined." ]

[ "The inflammatory response has been implicated in the pathogenesis of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). An anthraquinone compound with anti-inflammatory properties, diacerein inhibits the synthesis and activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukins 1 and 6. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diacerein on ventricular remodeling in vivo. Ligation of the left anterior descending artery was used to induce MI in an experimental rat model. Rats were divided into two groups: a control group that received saline solution (n = 16) and a group that received diacerein (80 mg/kg) daily (n = 10). After 4 weeks, the LV volume, cellular signaling, caspase 3 activity, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription were compared between the two groups. After 4 weeks, end-diastolic and end-systolic LV volumes were reduced in the treatment group compared to the control group (p < .01 and p < .01, respectively). Compared to control rats, diacerein-treated rats exhibited less fibrosis in the LV (14.65%± 7.27% vs. 22.57%± 8.94%; p < .01), lower levels of caspase-3 activity, and lower levels of NF-κB p65 transcription" ]

[ "Aldosterone antagonism reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and heart failure or diabetes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The mechanism of this effect is unclear. We performed a contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance study to assess the effects of eplerenone on LV remodeling after AMI. One hundred patients (mean age, 58.9 +/- 12 years; 77% male) with LV systolic dysfunction but without heart failure or diabetes were randomized to 24 weeks' double-blind treatment with eplerenone or placebo started 1 to 14 days after AMI. Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance was performed, and plasma concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were measured before randomization and at 12 and 24 weeks. Baseline LV ejection fraction was, by chance, significantly higher in eplerenone than in placebo-treated patients. Eplerenone had no effect on the primary end point (change in LV end-systolic volume index); after covariate adjustment, the primary end point fell by 6.1 +/- 2.7 mL/m2 with eplerenone compared to placebo (P = .027), and LV end-diastolic volume index fell by 7.5 +/- 3.4 mL/m2 (P = .031); eplerenone did not significantly influence LV ejection fraction. Eplerenone, after covariate adjustment, significantly decreased MMP-2 and increased MMP-9 over 24 weeks relative to placebo", "Inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. We hypothesized that IL-23, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, could promote myocardial I/R injury by increasing the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into sham operated control (SO) group, ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) group, (IL-23 + I/R) group and (anti-IL-23 + I/R) group. At 4 h after reperfusion, the serum concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and the tissue MDA concentration and SOD activity were measured. The infarcte size was measured by TTC staining. Apoptosis in heart sections were measured by TUNEL staining. The expression of HMGB1 and IL-17A were detected by Western Blotting and the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by Elisa. After 4 h reperfusion, compared with the I/R group, IL-23 significantly increased the infarct size, the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and the levels of LDH and CK (all P < 0.05). Meanwhile, IL-23 significantly increased the expression of eIL-17A, TNF-α and IL-6 and enhanced both the increase of the MDA level and the decrease of the SOD level induced by I/R (all P<0.05). IL-23 had no effect on the expression of HMGB1 (p > 0.05). All these effects were abolished by anti-IL-23 administration" ]

[ "Incentives guide human behavior by altering the level of external motivation. We apply the idea of loss aversion from prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979) to the point reward systems in soccer and investigate the controversial impact of the three-point rule on reducing the fraction of draws in this sport. Making use of the Poisson nature of goal scoring, we compared empirical results with theoretically deduced draw ratios from 24 countries encompassing 20 seasons each (N = 118.148 matches). The rule change yielded a slight reduction in the ratio of draws, but despite adverse incentives, still 18% more matches ended drawn than expected, t(23) = 11.04, p < .001, d = 2.25, consistent with prospect theory assertions. Alternative point systems that manipulated incentives for losses yielded reductions at or below statistical expectation. This provides support for the deduced concept of how arbitrary aims, such as the reduction of draws in the world's soccer leagues, could be more effectively accomplished than currently attempted." ]

[ "Two experiments examined the effects of forward associative strength (FAS) and backward associative strength (BAS) on false recollection of unstudied lure items. Themes were constructed such that four associates were strongly related to a lure item in terms of FAS or BAS and four associates were weakly related to a lure item in terms of FAS or BAS. Further, when FAS was manipulated, BAS was controlled across strong and weak associates, while FAS was controlled across strong and weak associates when BAS was manipulated. Strong associates were presented in one font while weak associates were presented in a second font. At test, lure items were disproportionately attributed to the source used to present lures' strong associates compared to lures' weak associates, both when BAS was manipulated and when FAS was manipulated. This outcome demonstrates that both BAS and FAS influence lure item false recollection, which favours global-matching models' explanation of false recollection over the explanation offered by spreading activation theories.", "many studies sustained that the clock drawing test (CDT) was not able to accurately detect people with CDR=0.5. Other researchers have promoted the use of scoring approaches with multiple scales that rate quantitative and qualitative features of the production. Nevertheless, these scoring systems are complex and time-consuming. We propose a new brief CDT' scoring system in order to find a good measure for mild cognitive decline which is at the same time easy to administer. we enrolled 719 subjects: n. 181 with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD); n. 200 with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and n. 338 healthy elderly subjects (C). our CDT-three-cluster scoring system demonstrated a good sensitivity and an excellent specificity to discriminate MCI subjects from normal elderly (76 and 84%, respectively) and an excellent sensitivity and specificity to discriminate patients affected by mild Alzheimer disease (CDR: 1) from normal elderly (91 and 90%, respectively). We found that CDT' score=1.30 discriminate people with MCI, whereas a score=4.38 discriminate AD patients. The three-cluster-scoring-system demonstrated a good diagnostic accuracy, taking into account those error-items more predictive of cognitive decline: omission of numbers or hands, writing numbers or hands in a wrong position and writing numbers or hands in a different code. Our CDT' scoring system is very short and easy method which can be used also by non-specialist." ]

[ "The boy knows how to swim." ]

[ "The water is made of jello." ]

[ "Abstract The molecular structure of 4-methylpiridine-N-oxide, 4-MePyO, has been studied by gas-phase electron diffraction monitored by mass spectrometry (GED/MS) and quantum chemical (DFT) calculations. Both, quantum chemistry and GED analyses resulted in C S molecular symmetry with the planar pyridine ring. Obtained molecular parameters confirm the hyperconjugation in the pyridine ring and the sp2 hybridization concept of the nitrogen and carbon atoms in the ring. The experimental geometric parameters are in a good agreement with the parameters for non-substituted N-oxide and reproduced very closely by DFT calculations. The presence of the electron-donating CH3 substituent in 4-MePyO leads to a decrease of the ipso-angle and to an increase of r(N→O) in comparison with the non-substituted PyO. Electron density distribution analysis has been performed in terms of natural bond orbitals (NBO) scheme. The nature of the semipolar N→O bond is discussed." ]

[ "In an effort to develop potent anti-influenza drugs that inhibit the activity of influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (IAV RdRp), a database of nucleoside triphosphates with ~800 molecules were docked with the homology model of IAV RdRp from A/PR/8/34/H1N1 strain. Out of top 12 molecules that bind with higher affinities to the catalytic site of IAV RdRp above and below the PB1 priming loop, only seven molecules decreased the transcriptional activity of the viral RNA polymerase with an IC(50) in the range of 0.09–3.58 µM. Molecular docking combining with experimental study indicated that the molecules with linear chain are more effective in inhibiting IAV RdRp replication than the molecules with V-shaped and are cyclic in nature. A correlation between ΔG and LogIC(50) for these seven compounds resulted an R(2) value of 0.73. Overall, these newly developed seven nucleoside triphosphates lay a strong foundation for the future development of a new therapeutics that can satisfy the Lipinski’s rule of five exhibiting high specificity to the catalytic site of influenza-A viruses.", "Prevalent resistance to inhibitors that target the influenza A M2 proton channel has necessitated a continued drug design effort, supported by a sustained study of the mechanism of channel function and inhibition. Recent high-resolution X-ray crystal structures present the first opportunity to see how the adamantyl-amine class of inhibitors bind to M2 and disrupt and interact with the channel’s water network, providing insight into the critical properties that enable their effective inhibition in wildtype M2. In this work, we test the hypothesis that these drugs act primarily as mechanism-based inhibitors by comparing hydrated excess proton stabilization during proton transport in M2 with the interactions revealed in the crystal structures, using the Multiscale Reactive Molecular Dynamics (MS-RMD) methodology. MS-RMD, unlike classical molecular dynamics, models the hydrated proton (hydronium-like cation) as a dynamic excess charge defect and allows bonds to break and form, capturing the intricate interactions between the hydrated excess proton, protein atoms, and water. Through this, we show that the ammonium group of the inhibitors is effectively positioned to take advantage of the channel’s natural ability to stabilize an excess protonic charge and is thus acting as a hydronium-mimic. Additionally, we show that the channel is especially stable in the drug binding region, highlighting the importance of this property for binding the adamantane group. Finally, we characterize an additional hinge point near Val27, which dynamically responds to charge and inhibitor binding. Altogether, this work further illuminates a dynamic understanding of the mechanism of drug inhibition in M2, grounded in the fundamental properties that enable the channel to transport and stabilize excess protons, with critical implications for future drug design efforts. TOC Graphic" ]