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Climate Policy Radar 12

3.11. Strategic Goal 3: Promoting the Sustainable Use of Energy in Transport 3.11.1. The main drivers for growth in the Irish transport sector include increasing population and employment, which has led to increased demand for housing, urban sprawl, long-distance commuting, and greater freight transportation. It is recognised that transport plays a pivotal role in supporting economic growth and balanced regional development with the total primary energy requirement (TPER) of the transport sector showing a close positive correlation with GDP. 3.11.2. However, it is imperative that growth in energy consumption in the transport sector is decoupled from economic growth in order for the transport sector to move along a more sustainable trajectory. The objective is to develop a transport system, which will allow for the maintenance of economic competitiveness by removing infrastructural bottlenecks and achieving security of supply through a diverse fuel mix, whilst increasing social cohesion and access for communities in peripheral rural areas and reducing environmental impacts. 3.11.3. This requires the provision of supply-side infrastructure through capital investment along with the implementation of a complementary range of demand side management measures such as fiscal incentives and regulatory instruments in order to encourage a modal shift from private to public transport. 3.11.4. In November 2005, Transport 21 was launched, which is a 34.3 billion capital investment framework for the transport system for 2006 to 2015. Overall 18.5 billion will be invested in the national roads programme, which will upgrade national roads, remove bottlenecks, reduce congestion, improve journey times and, consequently, improve competitiveness. Furthermore, 15.8 billion will be provided for public transport projects, in a significant rebalancing of public expenditure, which will encourage commuters to switch to public transport. 3.11.5. It is expected that this will achieve a fully integrated transport system with 75 million additional passenger trips per annum on DART/suburban rail services, over 80 million additional passenger trips on Luas/Metro services, a 60% increase in bus capacity, an extension of the motorway network to all provincial cities and an upgrading of approximately 850 kilometres of other national roads by 2015. 3.11.6. Modelling of the impacts of Transport 21 in the Greater Dublin Area shows a reduction of almost 20% in fuel consumption

IRL

Europe & Central Asia

In 2014, the greenhouse gas emissions from Macao's international aviation and aviation in special areas were about 563,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, and the emissions from navigation in special areas were about 205,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. In addition, the carbon dioxide produced by biomass burning in municipal waste is about 147,000 tons. The total amount of greenhouse gas emissions from the above activities is about 915,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, which are listed separately as information items according to relevant requirements, and are not included in the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions in Macao.

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

In 1990, the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption was just 18 per cent, after which it has grown steadily. The growth of the share of renewable energy of total energy consumption has been the overall trend during the 2010s. Renewable energy has replaced the use of fossil fuels. In 2020, the share of renewable energy continued to grow, being 44.6 per cent of total final energy consumption in 2020 (i.e. 39.3 per cent of total energy consumption). Finland significantly exceeded the national target of 38 per cent of total final energy consumption by 2020 set in the EU's Renewable Energy Directive. In 2010, an extensive national package of specific targets concerning different renewable energy sources was launched to achieve the target. The package promoted the use of forest chips and other wood-based energy in particular, alongside wind power, the use of transport bio-fuels, and increased utilisation of heat pumps. Since 2010, measures have been strengthened and adjusted when required.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

1) The lack of real national expertise mastering the tools and methodologies for an appropriate assessment of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change; 2) Insufficient scientific training on certain aspects such as vulnerability, adaptation to climate change; 3) Lack of control by national actors of the climate issue and challenges;

GAB

Sub-Saharan Africa

Continue to explore the viability and capacities to produce LCE renewable energy alternatives: bio fuels which are environmentally friendly and have potential to reduce high dependence on Fossil fiel energy generation and imports. Vability of these projects will also be beneficial to farmers who produse bio fiiels feedstock; vii. Eliminate the market for stolen equipment (sudi as cables, transformers, metres) through enforcement of good corporate governance (provision of key economic, cultural institutional and Information conditions) and surveilance by utilities and law enforcement authorities; and viii. Create an enabling environment for a competitive power market through the participation of IPPS, vi. 4.1.7 National Programmes and Projects 4.1.7 National Programmes and Projects Installation of prepaid metres for all electricity consumers to enhance the billing and collection system; ii. Rehabilitation of Hwange Power Station and regular maintenance of Kariba Power Station; Rehabilitation of the National Grid and the Transmission and Distr but on Network; Leasing and rehabilitation of the three small thermal power stations in Harare (100MW); Bulawayo (90MW) and Munyat (100MW); An aggressive Demand Side Management programme (DSM) to enhance efficient use of power savings (300MW); vi. Mini hydro power plants to supplement supply to mini grids in rural communities; Revamping of the rural electrification programme; vii. Promoting use of solar energy including solar geysers; Promotion of the generation and use of renewable energy including installation of mini solar grids systems and generation using biogas; Promotion of the bcal manufacture of transformers, prepaid meters and other spares; ill. N. V, viii. x. X. 4.2 THE LIQUID FUEL SECTOR

ZWE

Sub-Saharan Africa

From establishing the infrastructure to unloading the oil fields from wellheads to the main pipelines on time and in line with Iraq's strategy to separate crude oil. 5- As for the refining sector, the projects below will contribute to improving the quality of petroleum products (maximizing the production of light and medium products), and the resulting emissions will be within the international and national specifications: Developing the Dora and Basra refineries within the next three years, rehabilitating a number of small refining units attached to them, shutting down some operating refineries at the present time, and establishing others in Qayyarah, Karbala, Amarah, Kirkuk, and Nasiriyah between the years (2015-2019), in addition to the establishment of azmura and hydrogenation units. And cracking with the liquefied catalyst. This program will contribute to increasing the refining capacity of local refineries from 800 thousand barrels to 1400 thousand barrels per day. This will allow Iraq to meet the domestic demand for all oil products with appropriate quality standards by 2019. In the future, it will be necessary to study the establishment of a refinery to export oil derivatives in order to achieve added value to crude oil and diversify its exports of energy products, and it will have a capacity of not less than 300 thousand barrels per day. The said refinery should also be highly developed to enable it to process heavy crude oil and produce products in line with global demand. 6- As for the gas sector, the implementation of refueling projects during 2015 will contribute significantly to the production and use of natural gas, and thus will reduce the amount of burnt gas that pollutes the air, as well as reduce the emissions of huge amounts of carbon that cause global warming:. E. Installing the necessary infrastructure to link treatment plants with demand centers. Adaptation by preparing a technical plan for the main gas system and conducting a detailed study to design an optimal plan for the infrastructure, including technical standards and regulations related to the establishment and use of the system. 7- The two initiatives below are implemented in the long term through the exploration and development of gas reserves, and my agencies: e Conclusion of gas export contracts and laying pipelines for regional clients to absorb surplus gas production in the medium term e Ensuring free gas supplies in the long term through exploration and development of gas reserves This ensures the independence of gas production from oil production and

IRQ

Middle East & North Africa

6) to the extent necessary, an estimate of the adequacy and effectiveness of the adaptation the implementation of the planned adaptation measures in individual administrative branches and 4) data on the achievement of the targets concerning emissions and removals contained in the

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

Striving that 95% of the urban population and 90% of the rural population have access to clean and hygienic water. Controlling safety and treating environmental pollution due to war consequences. Improving the quality of air environment in urban areas, densely populated areas. Markedly improving the handicraft environment and rural areas. Managing rational exploitation and putting early end to exploit natural forests, increasing the area of nature reserve to over 3 million hectares and forest cover is increased to over 45%. III-KEY TASKS

VNM

East Asia & Pacific

By 2020, non-fossil energy will account for 15% of primary energy consumption, natural gas will account for more than 10%, and coal consumption will be controlled within 62%. Tiantongdi suggestions for the large coal-fired power base: Xu Ruoyis characteristics of glass water resources and silver distribution and the magic power of the ecological environment, family quality protection, environmental protection and safety access standards, promotion of green mining technologies such as filling and water conservation, focusing on the construction of northern Shanxi, Jinzhong, Jindong, Shendong, northern Shaanxi, Huanglong, Ningdong, Luxi, Lianghuai, Yungui, Jizhong, Henan, eastern Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other 1.4 billion-ton large-scale coal bases. By 2020, the output of the base will account for 95% of the country's total, adopt the most advanced energy-saving, water-saving and environmental protection power generation technology, and focus on the construction of 9 Xilin Gol, Ordos, Jinbei, Jinzhong, Jindong, Shaanbei, Hami, Zhundong, Ningdong, etc. A large-scale coal power base of 10 million kilowatts. Develop long-distance and large-capacity power transmission technology, expand the scale of power transmission from west to east, implement north-to-south power transmission projects, strengthen the construction of coal railway transportation channels, focus on building railway coal transportation channels from western Inner Mongolia to central China, and improve west-east coal transportation channels. In 2020, the national coal railway transportation capacity will reach 3 billion tons, As a result, Dai-grade commercial and commercial enterprises have set up new energy consumption plans and maintained a dual-use plan for consumption and consumption on the spot. The template-based input and protection components are set up for staged mining and grade utilization, and the proportion of coal washing and selection has been increased. use. Establish and improve the coal quality management system, strengthen the supervision and management of coal development, processing, transformation and use, strengthen the quality supervision of imported coal, greatly reduce the scattered direct combustion of coal, and encourage the use of clean coal and briquette coal in rural areas.

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

Section 6.7 of the NCCRP (DEA, 2011) states that accurate, complete and up-to-date GHG emissions data is the foundation of an effective national mitigation response. The NCCRP further identifies the national GHG inventory as one of the tools used to compare current emissions profile against the benchmark national GHG emission trajectory range. In addition, the GHG inventory and/or its emission estimation methodologies have proved extremely useful in other climate change mitigation policy response areas such as setting up of carbon budgets, international reporting obligations, carbon tax, and broader climate change monitoring and evaluation. Therefore, an accurate GHG inventory supports various activities and programmes within the country related to natural resource management, climate change planning, and economic development. The MRV of GHG emissions is being implemented through the Greenhouse Gas Improvement Programme (GHGIP), the regulatory framework and through the development of supportive M&E technical tools and guidelines. Figure 6.4 provides an overview of the complimentary components South Africa introduced the National GHG Emission Reporting Regulations that took effect on 3 April 2017. The regulations seek to introduce a single national reporting system for the transparent reporting of GHG emissions and will be used: 6.2.4. National Green House Gas (GHG) Reporting Regulations of 3rd April 2017

ZAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

- Oil refinery plants to meet at the minimum 70% of the domestic The energy-saving over the total final energy consumpt as-usual (BAU) scenario to reach 7% by 2030 and up To reduce greenhouse gases emission from scenario by 15% by 2030 and 20% by 2045

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

(g) procedures for preventing fraudulent activity, including detection, handling and follow-up procedures in the event of suspected fraud or other irregularities; (d) the impartiality requirements for certification bodies and auditors; (g) the procedures for preventing fraud, including detection and resolution, and follow-up procedures for suspected fraud and other irregularities;

CAN

North America

Table 649. Emission sources of CO₂, CH₂ and N₂O-3C6ai- Indirect Manure Management Dairy Cattle Table 650. SNI-GEI-AR documentation corresponding to category 3C6ai- Indirect Manure Management Dairy Cattle Source: self made

ARG

Latin America & Caribbean

PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL MEASURES SCENARIO WITH MEASURES Adoption of the National Energy Code for Buildings (2010-2012) by all provinces and territories Renewable fuel content in all provinces and territories (except Newfoundland and Labrador, Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut) Newfoundland Muskrat Falls hydroelectric project Nova Scotia Capping of GHG emissions from the electricity sector Standards for the renewable energy portfolio for Electricity Generation Electricity Demand-Side Management Policies New Brunswick Solid Waste-Resource Management Regulations Quebec Renewable Energy Portfolio Standards Cap-and-Trade Credit System of the Western Climate Initiative Target for gasoline distributors to provide 5% ethanol in all fuel sales Drive Electric Program Landfill Gas Regulations EcoPerformance Program for Industry aid for improving the efficiency of maritime, air and rail transport (PETMAF) Program aimed at reducing or avoiding greenhouse gas emissions by developing intermodal transport (PREGTI) Ecocamionnage program FEDERAL MEASURES Regulations on reducing carbon dioxide emissions-coal-fired electricity sector, announced in 2012 2016 federal budget: support energy efficiency and the development of renewable energy resources. Improve the energy efficiency of residential and commercial appliances (refrigerators, freezers, stoves, dryers, etc.) through regulations and ENERGY STAR certification (Amendment 14). Equipment Standards (Amendment 13) Voluntary Emission Reductions for Trains and Aircraft First Phase of GHG Emissions Standards for Light-Duty Vehicles Model Years 2011-2016 Stricter Second Phase of GHG emission standards for light-duty vehicles for model years 2017 to 2025 First phase of GHG emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles for model years 2014 to 2018 Second phase of GHG emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles for model years 2021 to 2027 Regulations Amending the Ozone-depleting Substances and Halocarbon Alternatives Regulations Regulations Respecting the Reduction of Releases of Methane and Certain Volatile Organic Compounds (Upstream Oil and Gas Sector)

CAN

North America

Figure 3-7. GHG emissions level of energy sector and the corresponding baseline emissions in 2010-2016 y about 4.46% and 6.43 % below the NDC baseline emissions in 2030 respectively. MITIGATION ACTIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS 3-11

IDN

East Asia & Pacific

This subsection presents sectoral energy conditions, including an overall view of primary energy supply and final energy consumption (by fuel type and by consuming sub sector) and electric power sub-sector. Figure 1-5 shows the development of Indonesia's primary energy supply from 2000 to 2019. As the figure shows, Indonesia's energy supply consists of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and renewable energy (hydropower, geothermal, biomass and biofuels). The country's energy supplies come from exploitation of domestic energy resources and from import, especially crude oil. Between 2000-2019, the total primary energy supply (TPES) grew at an average rate of 2.5% per year from 146 million ton oil equivalent (TOE) in 2000 to 237 million TOE in 2019. In the period of 2016-2019 the TPES grew at higher rate, i.e., 3.8% per year. As shown in Figure 1-5, fossil energy still dominates primary energy supply. In 2019 its share in primary energy supply was 89%. The remaining 11% was accounted by renewable energy. Many efforts still have to be done in the next 5 years to meet the government target on renewable energy which is 23% in 2025. Although Indonesia is endowed with abundant renewable energy resource, its utilization still faces many contraints such as the geographical mismatch between the location of the energy resource and the location of energy demand centers. In addition, in some cases technology investment costs of renewable energy is still higher than that of fossil

IDN

East Asia & Pacific

Overview In Canada and abroad, the effects of climate change are evident. Warming in Canada is, on average, about double that of the global average, and is even more in northern parts of the country.Footnote 1 Impacts such as coastal erosion; thawing permafrost; increases in heat waves, droughts, wildfires and flooding; ecosystem changes; risks to critical infrastructure and impacts to food and water are already being felt in some regions of Canada and globally. The science is clear that human activities are driving unprecedented changes in the Earths climate, which pose significant risks to human health, security, biodiversity and economic growth. Response to climate change requires action to:

CAN

North America

Photovoltaic solar Over the period 2011-2013, it is planned to achieve an integration rate of Algerian industry of 60%. This ambitious objective should be achieved thanks to the construction of a photovoltaic module manufacturing plant with a capacity equivalent to 120 MWC/year by the Sonelgaz Group through its subsidiary Rouiba-Eclairage and whose implementation commissioning is scheduled for the end of 2013. This period will also be marked by actions to strengthen the engineering activity and support for the development of the photovoltaic industry through the creation of a joint venture which will bring together the various players (Rouiba-Eclairage, Sonelgaz, CREDEG, n CDER and UDTS) in partnership with research centres. 0C Over the period 2014-2020, the objective is to achieve an integration rate of Algerian capacities of 80%. To do this, the construction of a silicon manufacturing plant is planned.

DZA

Middle East & North Africa

Angola ratified the UNFCCC in May 2000 and the Kyoto Protocol in March 2007, reaffirming its commitment to implementing measures and programmes to stabilize GHG emissions. In the same year the first strategy for climate change was approved ("National Strategy for Implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol", Ministry of Urbanism and Environment, 2007), which sought to "establish the framework for intervention in legal, technical and human terms to contribute to the stabilisation of GHG emissions and technological development of the country. In November 2015, Angola submitted its national contribution to the UNFCCC for reducing GHG emissions ("Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of the Republic of Angola"), where it proposed to unconditionally reduce its GHG emissions by 35% by 2030 compared to the baseline scenario (base year 2005), and also, through international funding, to reduce a further 15% of its GHG emissions by 2030.

AGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

Estimated Subcategory (NE) 182aiii2 Production and refining 182aiii4 Refining 182aiii5 Distribution of petroleum products 1990-2018 182bi Venting 182b1 Exploration 182b2 Production 182biii3 Processing 182b4 Transmission and storage 182b5 Distribution No 2G1c Elimination of electrical equipment 2G2 SF6 and P FC of other uses of 2G3 products NO of product uses 3B1aiii Forest land remaining as such (Plantations) 382a Cropland remaining as such 3B2bii -3B2biii -3B2biv - 382bv Period 383bii - 383biii-383biv- 383bv 1990-2018 1990-2018 1990 -2018 1990-2018 3B1ai Forest lands that remain as such (natural forest) 1990-2018 1990-2018 1990-2018 1990-2018 1990-2018 1990-2018 Observations It does not have the NO emission factor for venting in oil production, therefore it is not included estimate these emissions. CO and NO emissions are not estimated because there are no emission factors for these gases for the refining activity. The emission factor associated with the distribution of refined products is not available. It does not have the NO emission factor for venting in natural gas production, therefore these emissions are not estimated. Emission factors are not available. NO emissions are not estimated because the NO emission factor is not available in production, processing, transmission and storage, and distribution activities (Natural Gas category) There is no information in the country that accounts for the elimination of electrical energy transmission and distribution equipment in the country in which SF is used as insulating gas. The MinEnergia is currently leading the process to obtain the information that allows estimating these emissions. Despite the fact that in the country there may be other uses of SF (fire extinguishing agent, refrigerant, soundproofing windows), PF (applications such as heat transfer fluid in various electronic applications) and the use of NO for different applications (for example, medical applications and use as a propellant in aerosol products), there is no consolidated information on its consumption. In the case of NO, producers of the gas have been identified in the country for its use in medical applications, however, no progress has been made in the necessary institutional arrangements that allow having

COL

Latin America & Caribbean

2.2 Setting the framework at EU level The EU climate target is achieved on the one hand through emissions trading (ETS: essentially large emitters from the energy and industry sectors and aviation within the EEA) and on the other hand through differentiated contributions from the member states in all other sectors (non-ETS). The EU climate targets for 2020 (-20 percent compared to 1990) and 2030 (at least -40 percent compared to 1990) are divided into targets for the ETS area and the non-ETS area. The reference year 2005 was chosen for both sub-goals. In addition, under the so-called LULUCF regulation, the member states are obliged to maintain the climate protection effect of managed terrestrial ecosystems. As required by the Paris Agreement, the EU and its Member States, including Germany, have submitted their Joint Contribution (NDC) to the implementation of the Agreement to the Secretariat of the Framework Convention on Climate Change. Accordingly, by 2030, GHG emissions in the EU are to be reduced by at least 40 percent compared to 1990. Within the EU, it was also decided that by 2030 the share of renewable energies in final energy consumption in the EU would be increased to at least 32 percent and primary energy consumption in the EU would be reduced by at least 32.5 percent compared to the underlying reference development. These goals are relevant for the integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) as the new European planning and monitoring instrument of the EU member states. In addition, a decision will also have to be made in the EU regarding a renewed notification or an update of the EU climate protection contribution until 2030.

DEU

Europe & Central Asia

Sector Category Source / Fuel / Gas Key Category? Category Description/Definition Country Detail Equation (Describe variables for method used) Reference Describe How and Why this Method Was Chosen Type and source of activity data Type and source of EF and OF Uncertainty of AD and source Uncertainty of EF and source Potential Improvements Energy 1A1 Energy Industries 1A1a Main activity electricity and heat production, biomass / CH NO No Sum of emissions from main activity producers of electricity generation, combined heat and power generation, and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public uslities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be in public or private ownership. Emissions from own on-site use of fuel should be included. Emissions from autoproducers should be assigned to the sector where they were generated and not under 1A1a. In the Republic of Moldova electricity generation capacity include: Moldavian Thermal Power Plant (MTPP) in Dnestrovsk (on the left bank of the Dniester River) with an installed capacity of 2520 MW; CHP-2 Chisinau, with an installed capacity of 240 MW and 1200 Gcalh heat capacity: CHP-1 Chisinau, with an installed capacity of 66 MW and 239 Gcal/h heat capacity; CHP-North Balti, with an installed capacity of 37 MW and 350 Gcal/h heat capacity, other power plants, including CHP owned by sugar plants operating on natural gas and residual fuel oil, built during 1966-1961. In recent years, renewable energy sources of small power are being developed. Their total capacity in 2019 represented 41.8 MW. In the RM, within 1990-2019, the share of biofuels from total fuel consumption within category 1A1a increased from 0.02 per cent to 0.24 per cent of the total (biofuels consumption recorded a significant growth, in particular between 2000 and 2014, from circa 59 TJ to 472 TJ). Within the current inventory cycle, GHG emission under the Sector 1 Energy were estimated separately for the RBDR (Right Bank of Dniester River) and LBDR

MDA

Europe & Central Asia

business ombudsman institutions in Ukraine - simplification of court procedures to the extent that it worsens guarantees of judicial protection, human rights and freedoms Task

UKR

Europe & Central Asia

To reduce the dependence on imported fossil fuels for transport. 81. 82. 83. Strategic Targets: Achieving fuel consumption per GDP growth of 1:1 by 2015 and sustaining it up to 2020. The immediate objectives are to encourage fuel efficiency measures in the transport sector. The transport sector accounted for about 85% and 99.7% of diesel and gasoline consumption in the economy respectively. With the increasing world crude oil prices, such an efficiency strategy will have positive impact on future demand. 84. To help promote energy efficiency in the transport sector, there would also be the need to deregulate the railway system to permit private sector participation in urban passenger and long distance freight railways systems. Also, provide incentives for the promotion of nationwide mass transit systems. from about 2:1 at present.

GHA

Sub-Saharan Africa

Energy savings certificates Carbon component in energy taxation* Energy audits Heat fund Achieve energy savings in the various sectors Loupe and Martinique thermal regulations* Reduce demand for fossil fuels Improve information for companies on their energy consumption and encourage them to implement reduction actions Increase the use of renewable energies for heat production Improve energy efficiency Thermal, acoustic and ventilation regulations in building departments and the strong overseas con- ments of the occupants. Promote renewable energies. Limit the energy consumption of buildings, improve hygrothermal comfort for occupants and limit the use of air conditioning. Reduced VAT rate for heating and cooling networks comprising at least 50% re-heat and cold energy. renewables and recovery Increase the share of renewable energies in the networks Cross-cutting measures to increase the-Increase the share of renewable energy production capacities for the production of electricity renewable energies. Promoting the development of Measures in favor of the development of storage and management of the demand for renewable energies for electricity production. CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO Regulatory, Economic Fiscal Regulatory Economic Regulatory Regulatory Fiscal Regulatory, Economic Planning Implemented Implemented Implemented Implemented Implemented Implemented Planned MTES MTES MTES Ademe MTES Guadeloupe and Martinique Regional Council ME MTES MTES MTES 8,400 nd nd nd 5,900 nd nd nd nd nd 5,900 nd 5,900 nd nd nd nd nd nd 3,500 nd nd 5,900 nd nd nd nd nd 1,600 nd n/a 2,500 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

1) Policy direction to increase the share of new renewable electricity generation to be at least 50%, increase the share of electric vehicles to be at least 30% by 2030, increase energy efficiency by reduce energy intensity at least 30% by 2037, and promote energy system transformation through decarbonization, digitalization, decentralization, deregulation, and electrification.

THA

East Asia & Pacific

The transport sector represents 59% of GHG emissions, according to data from 2017. For this reason, the National Mobility Strategy is prepared with the aim of reducing emissions and respecting the hierarchy in the prioritization of transport systems established in Law 21/2018, of September 13, promoting the energy transition and climate change: firstly, favoring public transport and promoting non-motorized or assisted mobility; secondly, promoting electric motorized mobility or from a low GHG emission source. One of the tools for promoting the energy transition and climate change is the e²n National energy strategy and the fight against climate change. This Strategy includes different programs for mitigation, adaptation, training, innovation and technology, education and awareness, etc. and defines a more ambitious objective than the Law in terms of reduction commitment, since it includes the goal of climate neutrality for the year 2050, as Andorra has already advanced in the preparation of COP 25 and as contemplated in the update of the NDC of this year 2020. Unanimous approval in Parliament of Law ACCX 21/2018, of September 13, promoting the energy transition and climate change 13 and deployment of the corresponding regulations. The 2018 Law included in the legal text as an objective the reduction of emissions to the commitment levels of the first NDC of Andorra (-37% of the emissions not absorbed by the year 2030 with respect to the BAU scenario), and specifically specific measures for the different subsectors in the field of mitigation and adaptation.

AND

Europe & Central Asia

More recently, The Gambia stepped forward as a frontrunner country for the LDC Initiative for Effective Adaptation and Resilience (LIFE-AR), and committed to achieving the LDC Group's 2050 Vision 'to be on climate-resilient development pathways by 2030 and deliver net-zero emissions by 2050 to ensure our societies and ecosystems thrive."1

GMB

Sub-Saharan Africa

efficient use of available funding. In order to ensure maximum impact of the different funds and instruments, encourages domestic efforts by developing countries, including ownership of supported action and the right identification of national priorities.

EUR

Europe & Central Asia

The considerable progress that Ireland has made since the last communication is detailed Important national mainstreaming actions include the process, incorporated into Cabinet this fund. By requiring a minimum contribution from each project, the fund's commitment

IRL

Europe & Central Asia

Second Biennial Updated Report of Morocco in the course, in operation] In progress . of implementation MASEN life Min. 25 years Energy/electricity sub-sector value reduce the Kingdom's energy dependence and strengthen its electricity production capacity; reduce the negative impact of fossil fuel imports on the state budget and on the Kingdom's trade balance; mastering a national resource: Morocco benefits from an exceptional level of sunshine; promote the creation of a new solar sector in Morocco; reduce greenhouse gas emissions: the plant will prevent the emission of around 250,000 tonnes of CO per year. Activities planned under the mitigation measure [National, regional, city] solar CSP tower: Noor Ouarzazate III Power Plant Objective of the mitigation measure This is the project for the construction of a solar thermal power plant with dry cooling, with a capacity of 150 MW over an area of 582 ha with a thermal storage capacity of more than 7 hours thanks to molten salt, which will be operated according to an independent power production (IPP) scheme. This plant is part of the national energy strategy which aims to increase, by 2030, the share of renewable energies in order to reach 52% of the country's total electricity production capacity. The project will make it possible to: National Main indicators used Year in which (million MAD) Integrated development of a renewable energy installation to the best international standards. Contribution to the emergence of national expertise in the field of renewable energies. Incentive for the territorial development of the area of implantation according to a sustainable model involving the economic, the human and the environmental. 7,200 Value of the indicator at (T CO;/year) Assumptions used The forecast value of the average annual production is based on the accumulation of all the losses generated by factors internal and external to the installation, it is at 69% of the plant's initial nominal producible. 250,000

MAR

Middle East & North Africa

4. Targets The national mandatory target for Bulgaria to achieve is that 16% of the total final energy consumption in the country in 2020 should be from renewable sources, considering that the country receives the lowest additional increase (6,6%) compared to the rest of member states. The national target must be achieved through increase of electricity production from renewable sources, of the final energy consumption from renewable sources for heating and cooling purposes and of the energy demand from renewable sources in the transport. Of all sector targets, only the one for consumption of renewable sources in the transport sector is mandatory 10-percent of the energy consumed by the transport by 2020 shall be from renewable sources.

BGR

Europe & Central Asia

Project title Responsible institution Description Objectives Methodology and assumptions Mitigation Greenhouse gases covered Implementation period Monitoring or progress indicator Results obtained Additional information Emissions trading system (SCE) SEMARNAT. An ETS is a market instrument designed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is based on the "cap and trade" principle. Promote the reduction of CEI emissions from the sectors regulated by the General Law on Climate Change (LGCC) and its regulations on the National Emissions Registry ( RENE), in the most cost-effective way, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner, without violating the competitiveness of the participating sectors vis--vis international markets Establish a maximum limit on the total emissions generated by one or more sectors of the economy such cap must be reduced each year Submit an emission right for each ton of CO emitted by facilities in these sectors Trade with other companies in the system (receive or buy rights) The ETS will be introduced gradually The authority will impose limits to CEI emissions from the Energy and Industrial Processes sectors The three-year trial period will have approximately 200 participating facilities Mexico is in the Emissions Trading System Test Program, defined to be developed in two phases: the pilot phase, from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021; and the transition period, between January 1 and December 31, 2022. Under development. CO The second compliance cycle of the SCE Pilot Program began, which will last until the end of 2022. From the results obtained, the calculation methods and the assignment of the mitigation count will be developed both in the RENE and in the SCE Indicator(s). ) proposed(s) for monitoring the implementation process of the measure. Tons of CO emissions. CO mitigated and accredited in the SCE. The piloting is in the second year of implementation. The SCE has 284 participating facilities from the industrial and energy sector: 97% of them complied with the delivery of Emission Rights (1 emission right- 1 t/COe). In this phase, the second stage of allocation of emission rights will be carried out and the first delivery of emission rights will be carried out by the participants. The emission rights have been allocated free of charge to the participants. There is the Consultative Committee of the Emissions Trading System (COCOSCE), as the permanent technical body

MEX

Latin America & Caribbean

the 380 bird species for which Lake Manyara National Park is renowned are seasonal land are facing increasing pressure from human uses. Any redistribution in wildlife, degradation, and subsequently reduce the viability of recreation activities and wildlife

TZA

Sub-Saharan Africa

Improve energy efficiency by 20%; of total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. Whilst the EU ETS goal must be achieved by the EU as a whole, the ESD goal has been split into national goals to be reached individually by each Member State. In the ESD, national emissions targets are set for 2020, expressed as a percentage compared with 2005 levels. These targets have been converted into annual reduction target figures for the period from 2013 to 2020, expressed as Annual Emissions Allocations (AEAs). France's 2017 emissions level' came to 352,795,706 AEA, with a goal to reach 342,475,075 AEA by 2020. In 2017, the verified emissions of fixed installations covered by the EU-ETS (excluding aviation) were 110,902,243 tCO2, of which 4,060,464 tCO2 was for the aviation sector. With the total greenhouse gas emissions in 2017 assessed at 464,592,514 tCO2 (excluding LULUCF, in the KP format), the share of ETS emissions in France is of 23.8%. Beyond the 2020 goals, the EU has set goals for 2030. In October 2014, the European Council adopted in its conclusions the main items that form the EU energy-climate framework for 2030:

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

The annual capacity-weighted average construction costs for solar photovoltaic systems in the United States continued to decrease in 2019, dropping by a little less than 3%, according to our latest data on newly constructed utility-scale electric generators. The average costs for wind turbines remained relatively stable in 2019, increasing $9 per kilowatt (kW), or a little less than 1% from the 2018 average. Costs for natural gas-fired generators had the largest change from 2018 to 2019, increasing $241/kW, or almost 29%. Figure 2-15 Capacity-weighted Average Construction Costs, by Technology dollars per kilowatt Source: U.S EIA

USA

North America

Right Honorable Prime Minister Honorable Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Director General of REMA Nyarugenge Pension Plaza, KN 3 Road, Kigali | P.O Box 3502 Kigali - Rwanda Website: www.environment.gov.rw | Email: info@environment.gov.rw | Twitter: @EnvironmentRw

RWA

Sub-Saharan Africa

Name Energy Policy: Energy 2050 (PEN2050) Energy Route 2018-2022 Type[1] Policy Year and status 2015 and in the process of updating (2020) Policy 2018 Description The Policy proposes a vision of the energy sector to 2050 that corresponds to a reliable, sustainable, inclusive and competitive sector; supported by 4 pillars: 1. Safety and Quality of Supply. 2. Energy as a Development Engine, 3. Compatibility with the Environment and 4. Efficiency and Energy Education. Complementary to the Active PEN2050 but with a short-term horizon, the 2018-2022 Energy Route was prepared. This Energy Route was built through a process of citizen participation and dialogue throughout the country. Objectives goals The PEN proposes goals in renewable energies (at least 60% of electricity generation comes from Multiple promote the penetration of renewable energies in the energy matrix renewable sources by 2035 and 70% by 2035 and the implementation of measures of 2050), in EE (Le. 100% of large consumers have energy management systems and by 2050, 100% of the main devices are energy efficient), in the use of fuels low in GHG emissions and atmospheric pollutants. rich (50% in the energy matrix by 2035 and 65% by 2050), in addition to application of the Mitigation Plan by 2035. By 2050, GHG emissions from the sector are expected to be consistent with limits defined by science and the national goal, promoting cost effective measures. energy efficiency. The progress of the goals can be reviewed in the Annual Monitoring Reports of the PEN2050 (http://www.energia2050.cl/es/). At the end of 2017, the GHG Mitigation Plan for the Energy sector was approved by the Council of Ministers. Some of the main goals in Climate Change established in the Route are: Increase electric vehicles in the country by at least 10 times. Establish regulatory framework for energy efficiency (EE). Update and incorporation of new products into the EE labeling program. Start the decarbonization process of the energy matrix. Reach 4 times the current capacity of small-scale distributed renewable generation Actions implemented Creation of public-private work groups on tradable emission mechanisms and tradable certificates. Implement the Mitigation Plan In June 2018, the decarbonization of the energy matrix began. In July 2018, the table for tradable emission mechanisms and the table

CHL

Latin America & Caribbean

Cogeneration increase electricity supply from cogeneration, mainly from sugarcane bagasse, to 11.4% of the total supply in the country, in 2030, corresponding to 136 TWh. at a rate of 1,000 GWh per year over the next ten years, which currently are around 22,000 GWh per year. This will represent a reduction in energy wastage of 400 GWh per year. On average, around 25% (100 GWh per year) of this energy will no longer be produced by thermo power plants. Hydroelectricity - 34,460 MW from new hydropower plants to be added to the system in accordance with the schedule of works of the Ten Year Energy Plan (2007-2016).

BRA

Latin America & Caribbean

3.2 Additional mitigation ambition Table 3: Policies and measures for Uganda's additional mitigation ambition The implementation of these additional activities is contingent upon receipt of sufficient international support, provided in the form of finance, technology and capacity building. Possible support could be accessed through various climate finance instruments and international market mechanisms.

UGA

Sub-Saharan Africa

In addition to the goals for 2030 and the policy measures required to achieve them, the national integrated energy and climate plan presents the impact of the decided policy measures on the estimated development course of greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy and energy efficiency until 2040. The plan covers all five dimensions of the EU's energy union: decommissioning from coal (including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and renewable energy), energy efficiency, energy security, the internal energy market, and research, innovation and competitiveness. In addition, the plan describes the effects of the planned policy measures, e.g. to the energy system, greenhouse gas emissions and discharges caused by sinks, economic development, the environment and citizens' health. The plan also assesses the impact of planned and existing policy measures on future investment needs. The annual climate report required by the National Climate Act monitors the achievement of the goals of the burden-sharing sector set for 2020 and 2030, as well as the overall emission development in relation to the carbon neutrality goal of 2035. It seems likely that Finland will achieve the emission reduction obligation for the period 2013-2020. The activities of the period 2021-2030 are also planned in such a way that the obligation is fulfilled with a sufficient safety margin. The policy measures reported in the annual climate report in accordance with the Climate Act show that several new control measures have already been put into use to implement the medium-term climate plan, and more are planned. Emission reductions will be needed in every sector, but from the point of view of the whole, the emission development of the transport sector is decisive. It is affected by the amount of biofuels, the development of traffic performance and the renewal of the car fleet. Annual fluctuations in the share of biofuels are reflected in the emission development of both the transport sector and the entire load-sharing sector.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

or 2 By decision of RAE, which is issued following the request of the Closed Distribution Network Operator, an exemption from the obligation may be provided, according to which the tariffs for connection and use in the Closed Distribution Network that he manages and the methodologies governing the their calculation is approved by RAE before they come into force. Each Closed Distribution Network user, for whom 1 exception has been provided according to the above, may request the approval from RAE of the connection and usage tariffs applied by the Closed Distribution Network Operator or the methodology based on which they are calculated these - - h Separation of Operators - Supervision of Independent Transmission Operators W 1. RAE monitors the communication between the Independent Transmission Operators and the Vertically Integrated Companies to which they belong, in order to ensure compliance with the obligations of the Independent Transmission Operators regarding equal user access to information and data.

GRC

Europe & Central Asia

consultation (which received around 500 responses), multiple round table events with broad provinces and numerous experts, held a separate stakeholder process, Mobility transition 2030 2018, an extensive public consultation was carried out. This was divided into an online public

AUT

Europe & Central Asia

Compared to 1990 levels, Estonia has managed to reduce its total greenhouse gas emissions by 55.3%. Pursuant to the Kyoto Protocol adopted in 1997, Estonia committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions from 2008 to 2012 (1 commitment period) by 8% compared to 1990 levels. At the 2012 UN climate change conference, the Parties adopted the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol, that stipulates emission reduction targets for the next period (2013-2020), committing Estonia, together with other EU Member States, to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 20%. In order to enter into force, the Doha Amendment must be ratified by 144 Parties to the Kyoto Protocol. Estonia finished the national ratification process of the Doha Amendment already in 2015 and has thus began working towards the emissions reduction target set for the 2nd commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. Estonia deposited the instruments of ratification on 21 December 2017 together with the EU

EST

Europe & Central Asia

Forest land, divided into Forests (high and coppice forests) and Other Wooded Lands (branchy dwarf trees and scrubs), covers 26.2% of the total area of the country. Grassland, rangeland and pasture with vegetation that falls below the threshold of forest definition, covers 40.3% of the total area of the country. Agricultural land, including fallow land, account for 25.1% of the total area. Settlements, developed land including transportation infrastructure and human settlements of any size, account for 4.1% of the total area. Finally, wetlands, land that is covered or saturated by water for all or the greatest part of the year, and other land, areas that do not fall into any of other land-use categories (e.g. rocky areas, bare soil, mine and quarry land), account for 2.3% and 2.1 %, respectively. The information used for the representation of land areas was the following: endemic species (22.1 % of the total number of Greek species) and 450 endemic subspecies (22.8% of the total number of Greek subspecies).

GRC

Europe & Central Asia

(I) be applicable to refineries, blenders, and importers, as appropriate; (II) be expressed in terms of a volume percentage of transportation fuel sold or introduced into commerce in the United States; and (III) subject to subparagraph (C)(i), consist of a single applicable percentage that applies to all categories of persons specified in subclause (I). (C) Adjustments In determining the applicable percentage for a calendar year, the Administrator shall make adjustments- (i) to prevent the imposition of redun- dant obligations on any person specified in subparagraph (B)(ii)(I); and (ii) to account for the use of renewable fuel during the previous calendar year by small refineries that are exempt under paragraph (9). (4) Modification of greenhouse gas reduction percentages (A) In general The Administrator may, in the regulations under the last sentence of paragraph (2)(A)(i), adjust the 20 percent, 50 percent, and 60 percent reductions in lifecycle green- house gas emissions specified in paragraphs (2)(A)(i) (relating to renewable fuel), (1)D) (relating to biomass-based diesel), (1)(B)(i) (relating to advanced biofuel), and (1)(E) (re- lating to cellulosic biofuel) to a lower per- centage. For the 50 and 60 percent reduc- tions, the Administrator may make such an adjustment only if he determines that gener- ally such reduction is not commercially fea- sible for fuels made using a variety of feed- stocks, technologies, and processes to meet the applicable reduction. In promulgating regulations under this paragraph, the specified 50 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from advanced biofuel and in biomass-based diesel may not be reduced below 40 percent. The specified 20

USA

North America

Poverty and inequality in agriculture will affect mostly the unskilled workers who will not easily be bridges on other critical infrastructure such as energy, health and telecommunications), the human as agriculture and its agro-processing. This could enhance inequality and unemployment especially

ZAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

We will promote the energy revolution, build a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system, and improve energy supply assurance capabilities. We will accelerate the development of non-fossil energy, adhere to both centralized and distributed methods simultaneously, vigorously increase the scale of wind power and photovoltaic power generation, accelerate the development of distributed energy in the eastern and central regions, orderly develop offshore wind power, accelerate the construction of the Southwest Hydropower Base, safely and steadily promote the construction of coastal nuclear power, build a batch of multi-energy complementarity clean energy bases, and increase the proportion of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption to about 20%. We will promote the concentration of coal production in resource-rich areas, reasonably control the scale and development pace of coal power construction, and promote the replacement of coal with electricity. We will liberalize market access for oil and gas exploration and development in an orderly manner, accelerate the utilization of deep-sea, deep-seated (), and unconventional oil and gas resources, and promote an increase in oil and gas reserves and production. We will develop and utilize geothermal energy based on local conditions. We will improve the utilization rate of ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission channels. We will accelerate the intelligent transformation of grid infrastructure and the construction of smart micro- grids, improve power system complementary and intelligent adjustment capabilities, strengthen the connection between sources, networks, and loads, increase clean energy consumption and storage capacity, improve transmission and distribution capacity for remote areas, promote the flexible refitting of coal-fired power plants, and accelerate the construction of pumped storage power stations and the large-scale application of new energy storage technologies. We will improve cross-regional transportation channels and collection and distribution systems for coal, accelerate the construction of main natural gas pipelines, and improve the oil and gas interconnection

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

A.5) Natural Resources Conservation and Utilization The following major targets are set for livestock production during the period of GTP II: (i) total meat production (cattle, goat, camel and poultry) is projected to increase from 1,321 thousand tons in 2014/15 to 2,103 thousand tons by the end of the plan period; (ii) total milk production (cow, goat and camel) is projected to increase from 5,304 million litres in 2014/15 to 9,418 million litres by the end of the plan period; (iii) total skins and hides production is projected to increase from 22.4 million in 2014/15 to 35.6 million by the end of the plan period; (iv) total eggs production is projected to increase from 163 million in 2014/15 to 3,938 million by the end of the plan period; (v) total production of honey is projected to increase from 60.7 thousand tons in 2014/15 to 123.9 thousand tons by the end of the plan period; (vi) total production of wax is projected to increase from 5.7 thousand tons in 2014/15 to 8.6 thousand tons by the end of the plan period; (vii) total production of fish is projected to increase from 31.5 thousand tons in 2014/15 to 47 thousand tons by the end of the plan period; (viii) total production of silk cocoon is projected to increase from 3 tons in 2014/15 to 7 tons by the end of the plan period. Emphasis will be given to improving livestock productivity and production for both mixed and pastoral agriculture development. Accordingly, average daily milk yield from crossbred cows is projected to increase from 8 litres per cow per day in 2014/15 to 12 litres per cow per day by 2019/20. With regard to meat production, average cattle carcass yield is projected to increase from 107 kg in 2014/15 to 138 kg by 2019/20. The average honey yield per harvest from frame hives is also projected to increase yield from 20 kg in 2014/15 to 30 kg by 2019/20.

ETH

Sub-Saharan Africa

(1) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Harness the potential of renewable energy resources and dissemination of renewable energy technologies in rural, peri-urban and urban areas; Enable, encourage and facilitate both public and private sector investment in renewable energy projects; Develop sustainable energy supplies to substitute indigenous non-renewable energy supplies; Scale up contributions of renewable energy to electricity production; Scale up contributions of renewable energy both to electricity and to heat energy; (vi) Promote appropriate, efficient and environment friendly use of renewable energy; (vii) Train; facilitate the use of renewable energy at every level of energy usage. (viii) Create enabling environment and legal support to encourage the use of renewable energy. (ix) (x) (xi) Promote development of local technology in the field of renewable energy. Promote clean energy for CDM; and Achieve the targets for developing renewable energy resources to meet five percent of the total power demand by 2015 and ten percent by 2020. The policy will become effective from the date of publication in the official gazette.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

b) The power limit established by this law for hydroelectric power plant projects will be up to THIRTY MEGAWATTS (30 MW). c) Electric power generated from renewable energy sources: is the electricity generated by plants that use exclusively renewable energy sources, as well as the part of energy generated from said sources in hybrid plants that also use conventional energy sources. d) Equipment for generation: are those intended for the transformation of the energy available in its primary form (wind, hydraulic, solar, among others) to electrical energy.

ARG

Latin America & Caribbean

1.2.8 Increased community participation There are currently no mechanisms by which the community can participate in the planning and management of water and sanitation services. Previous attempts to form a stakeholder committee to improve management of water reserves on South Tarawa have lapsed due to lack of effort by all parties. Education, particularly of school children and communication campaigns are important elements in improving participation and need to be implemented. The formation of village water and sanitation committees is an important mechanism for increasing participation at the local level. 1.2.9 Better water governance

KIR

East Asia & Pacific

and cover), or preservation of backshore vegetation as a flood and erosion buffer as short- and medium-term protection against sea level rise, particularly during storms. The measures in this typology include backshore restoration, vegetation restoration, and coastal setbacks that respect the dynamic processes of beach and dune systems. These interventions may also involve delineating coastal setbacks for the protection of the vegetation (to avoid degradation of vegetation and the effects of loss of coastal protection on those using the beaches for recreation) and therefore the beach profile, or limitation, concentration, or elimination of road access to beaches. Figure 4.4: Coastal Zone Representation Including Infrastructure in each Section. The different projects are described below, but more insight is provided in chapter 5.2.2 in the National Coastal Infrastructure Plan (NCIP). This classification is also in line with the climate change adaptation strategies of "protect, accommodate, and retreat" as outlined in JICA (2014 and table 4.3).

SYC

Sub-Saharan Africa

As the threat of climate change grows by the day, energy transition has become a key issue across the globe. With the launch of the New Climate Regime in 2021, the parties to the Paris Agreement will be required to voluntarily set their national targets and meet their commitments in accordance with the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. As countries push ahead with their energy policies to tackle climate change and secure a stable energy supply tailored to their domestic circumstances, the Republic of Korea is also set to make the transition towards clean and safe energy on the back of rising public concerns about safety. In June 2019, the Korean government confirmed the Third Energy Master Plan, which establishes a national energy blueprint up to the year 2040. The Third Energy Master Plan builds on the idea of a sustainable energy system stipulated in the First and Second Energy Master Plans, while also focusing on the innovative transition of the overall energy system from production and distribution to consumption. The draft was developed with great care over an eight month period by experts from academia, industry and civic groups. Following this process, the Third Energy Master Plan was finalized after an extensive collection of opinions through an online bulletin board, information sharing sessions and debates held by topics and regions as well as careful deliberation by the National Energy Committee (NEC) and the Presidential Committee on Green Growth.

KOR

East Asia & Pacific

Table 362: Stocks of poultry livestock (2018) The following tables present the activity data by livestock for the year 2018. buffaloes

ARG

Latin America & Caribbean

Energy efficiency obligation systems (1) For the Republic of Croatia, the implementation of the energy efficiency policy is determined by the cumulative goal of new energy savings in final consumption by December 31, 2020. (2) The objective from paragraph 1 of this article is implemented in accordance with the ordinance from paragraph 5 of this article by determining the energy distributor and undertaking other policy measures to achieve energy savings (hereinafter: alternative measures).

HRV

Europe & Central Asia

5.4 Fishing and aquaculture Target 8.3: By 2050, enough areas will have been reforested to achieve the 2050 carbon neutrality commitment in the NDC. Target 9.2: By 2050, forestry development in Chile will be effectively inclusive and all actors and sector agents will feel themselves to be an integral part of the process. The state, the productive forestry sector, and the indigenous and peasant communities will engage in formal relations, using institutionalized mechanisms accepted by all Environmental and social safeguards will be addressed in 100% of the projects and initiatives related to the ENCCRV.

CHL

Latin America & Caribbean

According to the Project, the technological renewal of generating capacities by 2035 should ensure an increase in the efficiency of gas-fired thermal power plants up to 53-55%, and up to 41% of coal-fired thermal power plants. At the same time, the share of gas in the structure of domestic consumption of fuel and energy resources will be 51-52%, and the share of non-fuel energy will increase from 12.9% to 15.7%. The nuclear power industry will use safer and more efficient pressurized water reactors and fast neutron reactors with a liquid metal coolant. Energy based on renewable energy sources will be developed in the form of small hydroelectric power plants, geothermal power plants, solar, bioenergy and wind power plants, waste incineration and waste processing energy complexes in large cities. In the long term, it is possible to use the energy of the tides. In addition, optimization of heat production is envisaged through the widespread development of cogeneration systems. Along with optimizing the structure of the fuel and energy balance, it is planned to diversify it based on the expanded use of local fuel and energy resources, which include peat reserves, forest industry waste and municipal solid waste.

RUS

Europe & Central Asia

24. Non-financial support in the form of engagement with businesses is also key to the development and deployment of new technologies, systems, policies and business models to achieve net zero. This includes, for example, support provided through UKRI, its Knowledge Transfer Network, and other bodies like the Catapult network and Intellectual Property Office. It also includes UKRI's digital platform pilot programme, which will be used to bring net zero businesses together with investors for deal flow and to make information on companies more accessible to investors. The Innovation Strategy set out how we will build on this important support and provide advice, networking opportunities, skills development, and testing facilities. This includes a new online Innovation hub from Innovate UK, which will make it easier for businesses to navigate the government's funding offer, and expansion of the Innovate EDGE service which helps firms to enhance their investment readiness. More detail on our approach to green jobs and skills is set out in the Green jobs, skills, and industries chapter. 25. The Innovation Strategy also set out our ambition for government departments to procure more innovative solutions. Departments will produce clear policy problem statements that describe the priority outcomes that they want to solve or achieve. Alongside this, every major project should publish an outcome statement. Both measures will improve demand-signalling from departments, allowing them to procure innovation to accelerate the UK's transition to net zero. This will help us to leverage public procurement as a tool that drives greener and more resilient outcomes across public services. International collaboration and leadership

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

1. Focus: Providing the Ministry of Mining, Petroleum and Energy with an institute that gives training in the specialized job activities of the mining, petroleum and energy sectors. 6. Beneficiaries: State, population, public and private sector

CIV

Sub-Saharan Africa

As part of our Net Zero Strategy, the UK committed to introduce inclusive climate policies, Action for Climate Empowerment and support for the UNFCCC Gender Action Plan. The UK is also driving inclusive action by championing increased gender representation across international organisations. The UK will also publish an update to the Green Finance Strategy to set out a pathway to align the financial sector with net zero. Alongside the forthcoming UK 2030 Strategic Framework on International Climate and Nature Action, which will define the UK Government's vision for a long-term role on tackling the interlinked challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss, of which finance plays a large role. Launched two UK Green Gilts, raising a total of £16 billion for green projects.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services Target 14: Target 15: Target 16: By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services relat- ed to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable. By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contrib- uting to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to combating desert- ification. By 2015, the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization is in force and operational, consistent with national legislation. Strategic Goal E. Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

This plan will be carried out in accordance with the "voluntary application standard for the reduction of the global volume of gas flared or released into the atmosphere" set up by the World Bank initiative, the GGFR (Global Gas Flaring Reduction) in which Gabon and certain oil operators have joined. The fatal flaring thresholds will be determined field by field then, following best practices, new regulations will be drawn up. Compared to the current situation of an annual flaring volume of around 1.6 Gm3 (billion m3). Recent studies, carried out as part of the development of the Climate Plan show that the implementation of the various reduction plans by the operators should result in a reduction of the order of 1 Gm3 by 2015, i.e. more than 60% off. We also note that the Emerging Gabon Mines and Hydrocarbons Sector Plan provides for the development of gas through the production of electricity, the development of petrochemicals with the Olam and Tata groups to support the projects of the Emergent Gabon Agriculture Plan. Other gas recovery projects are under study. Unlike previous years, Gabon is now creating a national natural gas consumption market.

GAB

Sub-Saharan Africa

Indicators Methodologies and Assumptions GHG reduction indicators: Unitary and absolute reduction of GHG emissions from the use of fuels in transport. Unitary and absolute reduction of GHG emissions in electricity in storage processes. Unitary and absolute reduction of fluorinated gas emissions through the NAMA for use in refrigeration equipment. Co-benefit indicators: Unit energy savings Unit economic savings Management indicators: Number of companies participating in the NAMA. Amount of public funds mobilized for the NAMA. Amount of private funds mobilized for the NAMA The general methodology used to estimate GHG emissions corresponds to that stipulated in ISO 14064-1, applied to emissions from logistics processes due to energy use and product use. Main activity data and calculation strategy: For the activity data used for sources related to storage (total area of refrigerated and non-refrigerated warehouses in Colombia, energy consumption/m2 in warehouses, number of forklifts, energy consumption/ forklifts, % of leaks in refrigeration systems, refrigerant charge/m2) national data from different sources were used, among which are: DANE building census, industrial GDP generated by merchandise from the Bank of the Republic of Colombia; International tools and sources of consultation were also used, such as the EDGE Building tool and the United States of America Environmental Agency (Accounting Tool to Support Federal Reporting of Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions). The transport activity data (number of vehicles, kilometers traveled, yields, tons transported) were taken from national sources such as: RUNT, UPME documents for the characterization of transport in Colombia, statistics from the Ministry of Transport, Aeronautics and the ACP.. Likewise, international tools such as the German Air Transport Agency, 2014 - Energy efficiency and climate protection, United States of America Environmental Agency (Accounting Tool to Support Federal Reporting of Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions) were used. Emission factors generated by UPME through the Mining and Energy Environmental Information System were used in the FECOC tool and the emission factors from the SIN. Factors from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Vol 2, Cap 2 and Vol 3, Cap 5) and factors from the United States Environment Agency, 2015 (Accounting Tool to Support Federal Reporting of Hydrofluor

COL

Latin America & Caribbean

The Medium-Term Climate Policy plan was updated to meet the increasingly stringent EU obligations for 2030 and the Government's target to achieve carbon neutrality by 2035. The plan sets a target for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 50 per cent in the effort sharing sector by 2030 compared to the 2005 level. It also determines the measures for achieving the target. The target is based on the European Union's (EU) 2030 target of reducing emissions by at least 55 per cent compared with 1990 levels and is in line with Finland's long-term climate goal. As the existing measures are insufficient to achieve the 2030 EU target and the national target to be climate neutral by 2035, the plan identifies a range of additional measures. The greatest emissions reduction potential is identified in the transport sector. The plan also includes measures to reduce emissions in the agriculture, waste, and machinery sectors, as well as emissions from buildingspecific heating and F gas emissions.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

The Government Programme of Prime Minister Sipil sets ambitious targets in the energy sector. It aims for increasing the share of renewable energy to over 50 per cent of final consumption, increasing self-sufficiency to over 55 per cent, phasing out the use of coal in energy production, halving the domestic use of imported oil, and bringing the share of renewable transport fuels up to 40 per cent (23.5 per cent of the fuel energy content). An effort will be made to achieve all this by 2030.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

reference) The reference year(s), | Reference years: 2025 (reference years reference period(s) or other intermediate point(s)) and 2030 (target year) of departure ab Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values during the reference year or years, reference period or periods or other starting points and, where appropriate, the target year C. With regard to the strategies, plans and measures referred to in paragraph 6 of Article 4 of the Paris Agreement, or policies and measures forming part of nationally determined contributions, where paragraph 1(b) above does not apply, Parties shall provide other relevant information. d. A target in relation to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example as a percentage or as an amount of reduction (case of an indicator defined in relation to a Business as Usual (BAU) scenario) The reference indicator is an indicator quantitative annual report, relative to the GHG emissions of the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario, for the target years 2025 and 2030 and 2 mitigation scenarios (unconditional and conditional). National GHG emissions: in 2015 (BAU base year): 1,935.9 Gg COeq. in 2025 (BAU): 6453.8 Gg COeq. in 2030 (BAU): 6,854.6 Gg Gg COeq.. Not applicable (Burundi is in the list of LDCs but has provided quantifiable information, which is proof of Burundi's ambition) Target values of the reference indicator (relative reduction of GHG emissions compared to the BAU) : Unconditional scenario - 2025: 1.58% Unconditional scenario - 2030: 3.04% Conditional scenario - 2025: 11.40% Conditional scenario - 2030: 12.61%

BDI

Sub-Saharan Africa

CO emissions from the use of energy in buildings are mainly covered by the EU ETS. District heating is the source of about half of all space heating in Finland. The majority of district heating production falls within the sphere of the EU ETS. The total space heating energy used in residential, commercial and public buildings was 72 TWh in 2015 (25 per cent of the total end use of energy). Slightly less than 30 TWh of the space heating belongs to the non-ETS sector. Non-ETS CO emissions from the energy used to heat buildings have been less than 3.5 million tonnes annually. These emissions mainly cover the use of light fuel oil (and to a very small extent, natural gas) in buildings, as well as the fuels used in small district heating plants. The non-CO emissions from energy use in buildings are much smaller, approximately 0.2 million tonnes CO eq. annually. Most of these emissions are CH, emissions from wood combustion.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

roads and storm water systems. Increased ocean temperatures in the warm Algulhas current produce and the opposite signal in the north east. Temperature trends exhibit consistent warming of daytime Narrative 2: A warmer drier future

ZAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

Luxembourg's 7th National Communication Set up by Directive 2003/87/EC,130 the system is now in its 3rd phase covering the period 20132020. For this latest phase, major reform took effect (Directive 2009/29/EC131). The biggest changes have been the introduction of an EU-wide cap on emissions - reduced by 1.74% each year so that in 2020, GHG emissions from the EU ETS sector will be 21% lower than in 2005 - and a progressive shift towards auctioning of allowances in place of cost-free allocation that was the rule for the two previous phases. Concretely, a cap is set on the total amount of certain GHG that can be emitted by installations covered by the system. The cap is reduced over time so that total emissions fall. Within the cap, companies receive or buy emission allowances that they can trade with one another as needed. They can also buy limited amounts of international credits from emission-saving projects around the world. The limit on the total number of allowances available ensures that they have a value. After each year a company must surrender enough allowances to cover all its emissions, otherwise heavy fines are imposed. If a company reduces its emissions, it can keep the spare allowances to cover its future needs or else sell them to another company that is short of allowances, 132 Renewable energy

LUX

Europe & Central Asia

This initiative aims to make assistance available to owner-occupiers or investors in, or facing, hardship that own units in multi-unit multi-storey residential earthquake-prone buildings in high seismic risk areas. This will be done through providing funding for a suspensory loan scheme. Superannuation: Increasing Incomes for Weekly Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) Claimants at or Near Superannuation Qualification Age This initiative aims to raise the incomes of older workers who get injured by providing funding for additional costs arising from legislative changes that will mean more people will receive superannuation.

NZL

East Asia & Pacific

The analysis conducted by the Commission indicates that the policies and objectives already established in the EU will allow a reduction in its GHG emissions of around 45% by 2030 and by around 60% by 2050. However, this figure falls far short of the 80%-95% reductions in GHG emissions that will be needed for the EU to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality by 2050 and adequately contribute to the goal to be long-term temperature policy set out in the Paris Agreement.

PRT

Europe & Central Asia

GOALS 1: "To increase the share of mass production from renewable sources to 20%by year 2030" 2: "To increase the contribution of Renewable Energy for energy services and supply by 20%by year 2030."

WSM

East Asia & Pacific

Reducing the felling and burning of forests is an unavoidable task in the process of reversing the causes of climate change. The Paris Agreement aims to keep the increase in the average temperature of the planet below 2C, with the aspiration to be below 1.5C. As many specialists point out, this objective will not be attainable without the conservation of forests. Exceeding this threshold will put us, as a global society and as a human species, in the face of negative changes with dramatic consequences and in all probability irreversible. The role of forests in mitigating climate change is fundamental and widely recognized. But conserving forests is much more: their role in adapting to changes is equally fundamental, as is their role as provider of various ecosystem services, such as water, and for hosting an impressive biodiversity -increasingly recognized as a source of benefits to humanity and in particular the populations living in or from forests. The National Contributions presented by Peru to the UNFCCC establish a 30% reduction in projected emissions by 2030, two thirds of which corresponds to the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector, fundamentally associated with GHG emissions from deforestation, carried out by felling and burning forests mainly to allocate the land for agricultural use, not always on soils with the capacity to support these uses in a sustainable manner. The causes of these processes, direct and indirect, are complex and interact with each other. The measures to deal with them are equally diverse and complex. As a country, we need clarity on the processes that lead to forest loss, associated with GHG emissions, but also to the reduction of biodiversity and the livelihoods of local populations, particularly indigenous peoples. This Strategy constitutes an effort to understand and dimension the problem of deforestation, its direct and indirect causes, the actors, the economic activities that produce them, but also to identify the necessary measures to apply to face them. A fundamental finding that guides the design of the interventions is the strongly economic nature of the deforestation process and, in the case of the Amazon, its majority link with agricultural production models that are unsustainable -due to the conjunction of the natural conditions of the Amazonian soils, the climate, the economic limitations of producers and weaknesses associated with governance but also with markets and the provision of financial and non-

PER

Latin America & Caribbean

(https://www.heatpumps.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Building-the-Installer-Base Heating 02.06.pdf). 132 Heat Pump Association (2021), "New training course launched by the Heat Pump As (https://www.heatpumps.org.uk/secretary-of-state-welcomes-ground-breaking-new-train heat-pump-association/). Heat Pump Association (2019), "Building the installer base for net zero heating' 1-4 years: 9,500 additional FTE per year, predominantly specialist and technical skills • 5-10 years: reduction rate of training to 866 additional FTE per year Over 10 years: reduction in numbers required - 1,200 FTE per year

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

In the built environment, energy audits are promoted through the energy label, the energy performance advice (EPA) and the energy management system. These instruments are performed independently by qualified experts and are audited by independent bodies. With the energy label, this is done on the basis of the Energy Performance of Buildings Decree and the Energy Performance of Buildings Regulation. For energy-intensive and large companies, the use of energy audits is promoted through the MJA3 covenants and the Multi-Year Agreement on Energy Efficiency ETS Companies (MEE). The MJA3 and MEE covenants are accessible to all commercial end users. In practice, there are approximately 1,100 participating companies that cover approximately 80% of the energy consumption by industry and approximately 25% of the Dutch energy consumption. It has been agreed in these covenants that all participating companies draw up an energy efficiency plan (EEP) every four years and implement cost-effective measures from these energy efficiency plans. The companies report annually on the measures taken. These energy audits are assessed by, among others, the Netherlands Enterprise Agency, which provides for the independent implementation and testing required by the Directive. In 2016, new EEPs were drawn up by all participating companies for the period 2017-2020. With this, these companies already comply with the obligation to have carried out an investigation comparable to an energy audit. The 1100 companies consist of both small and large companies. In addition, the promotion of energy audits for non-residential buildings takes place within the framework of the Energy-saving built environment program of the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (for non-MJA3 participants).

NLD

Europe & Central Asia

The main assumptions and results of the sensitivity analysis are presented in Table 5.14. The overall effect of a lower economic growth results in a steadily decreasing final energy consumption. In 2030 the final energy consumption would be only 293 TWh. The total energy consumption is in 2030 about 20 TWh lower than in the WM projection. The impact on the electricity consumption is also noticeable, lower growth results in a difference of 6 TWh in 2030. The electricity generation is fairly low-carbon so the effect of a reduced electricity consumption on emissions is small. The greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 would in total be only 1.5 million tonnes of CO eq. lower than in the WM projection. Most of the emission reduction would take place in the ETS sector, only 0.2 million tonnes of CO eq. in the non-ETS sector.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

2. Define the regulatory and technical framework to establish a competitive market for electric vehicles in Colombia that includes technical standards for service and operation, safety requirements, electrical installations, urban requirements for public and home collection, and uses and provisions at the end of life. 3. Deliver the general tax allocations / tax incentives for electric vehicles currently available in the country and define a long-term tax incentive scheme and a quota of allowed vehicles to apply it, while price parity is achieved within the electric vehicles. 4. Define aspects of the electricity tariff for vehicle charging and the regulatory framework, as well as possible agreements applicable to the purchase of electricity for transportation. 5. Build the foundation for a vehicle energy efficiency and GHG emissions labeling program and apply it to electric vehicles (hybrid, all-electric and plug-in) sold locally. Implement the labeling program for electric vehicles to enter the market. 6. In partnership with governments at the regional and city level, introduce a quota for public transport vehicles and state electric vehicles that will be in operation by the end of the NSP, to strengthen the market and generate demand. Measures taken or planned to achieve 7. sa action One of the components of these objectives is to demand that any decision to increase the number of taxis allowed in the city be completely electric. The goal is to introduce at least 7,920 taxis by 2024. 8. 8. Achieve a minimum of 4,796 electric vehicles in the state fleet by 2024, replacing vehicles purchased before 2002. 9. Work with public and private players in the manufacturing industry of vehicles, together with the banking sector to build a financial market to promote electric mobility in Colombia, including dedicated financial and guarantee services. 10. Initiate an education and communications campaign to show the public the regulatory and market progress of NSP, as well as to show the characteristics and benefits of this technology. Two financial mechanisms will be designed and implemented to generate the necessary demand to start a sustainable market: 1. A cross-subsidy to transfer financial resources from a fee applied to internal combustion vehicles categorized as high/inefficient emitters, following the principles from a labeling program, to electric vehicles in the same segment. 2. The second mechanism is a fund to build dedicated financing/credit lines with interest rate compensation, taking funds from the joint special fund created for the NSP to cover the possible difference in income

COL

Latin America & Caribbean

therefore, could threaten population numbers which would, in turn, reduce the expeditions. The wildlife in both Lake Manyara National Park and the Masai Mara attraction for tourists.

TZA

Sub-Saharan Africa

continuation of the EU policy framework for 2020, and represents the regulatory basis for further restrictions which are expected by 2050 (80%). On the other hand, in order to achieve the goals that have already been defined, EU ETS emissions should be reduced by 43% compared to 2005. Increasing the share of renewable energy to at least 27%. By the end of 2030, renewable energy will continue to play a significant role in the transition towards a sustainable, secure and competitive energy sector in Europe. Based on this fact, the EU policy framework until 2030 considers increasing the share of renewable energy to at least 27% by 2030. Increase in EE by at least 27%. The Energy Efficiency Directive aims for 30% energy savings by 2030, with an indicative target of 27% subject to review in 2020. Reform of the EU Emissions Trading System. The EU ETS will be further strengthened to become an instrument that will stabilize the market in line with the mille cue Therefore, an additional reduction of the ceiling of 2.2% per year can be expected, starting from

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Given the rapid pace of action in the United States and other leading countries, if other major economies adopt similar levels of ambition, the world can keep a safer 1.5°C future within reach. For its part, the United States currently emits 11% of annual global GHGs (second to China, which emits 27% of the global total), so eliminating U.S. emissions by 2050 will make an important direct contribution to reaching our shared global climate goals. However, others must step up with both long-term and short-term ambition, and many are already doing so. To date, at least 63 countries representing over half current global emissions have committed to net-zero GHG emissions targets. Many more, representing over 70% of global emissions, are in With our ambitious NDC target to cut emissions in half or more by 2030, and our goal for net-zero emissions no later than 2050, the United States has committed to sustained investment in a vibrant clean economy that will propel global climate action while improving social, economic, and health equity at home. with lower climate footprints. And we can develop, train, and educate workers for productive and healthier work in new and fast-growing industries. Undoubtedly, the U.S. roadmap will evolve as we learn more about the potential for new technologies in diverse applications, and as new policy platforms are developed over time. The United States intends to regularly review and update this Long-Term Strategy as needed to consider such developments and the latest science.

USA

North America

In regard to the elaboration of the NGHGI, the country operates through the National GHGs Inventories System (SNICHILE), whose main objective is the update of the NGHGI. SNICHILE maintains a permanent line of work with the Ministries of Agriculture, Energy and Environment, which have been equipped with technical and basic financial resources and have appointed personnel for the periodic revision of the inventory. Nevertheless, as the periodic elaboration progresses, it is more necessary to strengthen the intersectoral interaction among the data providers, their verification of estimation of emissions and the compilation of results. Moreover, as for technical capacities, more than the requirement for new ones, is the need to maintain the existing ones through institutional agreements that allow the SNICHILE to address situations like personnel rotation due to change in administration. The recent NDC update, aligned with a long-term vision set out by the country, has increased the ambition of climate action nationally. This not only means that the country will have to evolve in order to reach its environmental and climate objectives, but it also poses great challenges and new requirements associated to the acceleration of decarbonization of the productive sectors and the environmental awareness of the population to achieve profound behavioural change. The process of decarbonization of different sectors reveals the need for governance allowing the articulation of the sectoral efforts around the MRV systems in order to strengthen the quality of information provided, standardize the methodology, improve transparency and avoid double counting. The key to achieving this is to improve sectoral capacities. At the same time, it is important to support initiatives such as HuellaChile, platforms for mitigation action records and the National Prospective System currently in development, as well as exploring mechanisms that foster voluntary climate action and allow for progress on issues and key sectors to reach GHG neutrality by 2050. Adaptation

CHL

Latin America & Caribbean

For most sectors there is a need to consider a set of additional policy measures in order to pursue a more ambitious low carbon path and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. With regards to the additional policy scenario (or neutrality scenario), unlike the previous one, emission restrictions consistent with carbon neutrality were imposed in 2050. This scenario thus allows to assess the additional effort required for each sector so that overall achieve neutrality, not accurately translating a typical scenario of policy impact assessment and planned measures. There is still a cost-effective potential to reduce GHG emissions more sharply compared to the existing policy scenario, around 55% compared to 2005, rising to 73% by 2040 and around 82% by 2050 (without LULUCF), decarbonizing almost entirely electricity production, and strongly reducing emissions from mobility and transport and buildings, over the next decades. Thus, the electricity generation sector in an additional policy scenario has in 2030 a GHG emission reduction potential of around 95% compared to 2005, the transport sector by 46% and the building sector by 48%, rising to 98%, 84% and 82% respectively by 2040. As for the industrial processes sector, reductions of around 39% in 2030 to 48% in 2040 are expected, due to the expected improvements in process efficiency and the use of less polluting fuels, with the incorporation of more Fuels Derived from Waste/ RDF (refused derived fuel), biomass and electrification of some subsectors.

PRT

Europe & Central Asia

recommended Portugal to implement measures to secure access to liquidity for firms in the context of the pandemic, to frontload public investment projects and to promote private investment to foster the economic recovery. Lastly, it recommended Portugal to carry out

PRT

Europe & Central Asia

This was the only scenario that scored positively on By 2020, the Maltese environment will be providing an improved quality of life, which will result in improved well-being, increased appreciation of Malta's natural and cultural environment, and a strong sense of pride in Malta's environment. Malta will have effectively addressed its main environmental problems, implementing its national, EU and international environmental responsibilities and achieving economic prosperity and well-being for its people in a sustainable and environmentally-responsible manner. Malta will be well on its way to implementing its longterm vision of transforming itself into a low-carbon, zero-waste society by 2050. environmental. The prefered scenario is described

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

PARAMETERS Base Year Target Year Emission Reduction target Gases covered Global Warming Potential Sectors Covered TARGET 1990 2020 -20% in 2020 compared to 1990 CO2, CH4, NO, HFCs, PFCs, SF6 AR4 All IPCC sources and sectors, as measured by the full annual inventory and international aviation to the extent it is included in the EU ETS. Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forests (LULUCF) Use of international credits (J1 Possible subject to quantitative and qualitative limits. and CDM) Other Accounted under KP, reported in EU inventories under the Convention. Assumed to produce net removals. Conditional offer to move to a 30% reduction by 2020 compared to 1990 levels as part of a global and comprehensive agreement for the period beyond 2012, provided, that other developed countries commit themselves to comparable emission reductions and that developing countries contribute adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities.

SVK

Europe & Central Asia

Since 2018, Australia's integrated corporate, markets, financial services and consumer credit regulator, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) has been promoting improved management and disclosure of climate risks by Australian listed companies. Prudential Practice Guide and Climate Vulnerability Assessments to Understand Risks to Financial Systems In addition, the CVAS will build enhanced capability for assessing the emerging macroeconomic and prudential risks of climate change for Australia more broadly. APRA plans to publish the CVA results relating to the major banks in 2022.

AUS

East Asia & Pacific

a) Description of the component Summary, LOW-CARBON ECONOMY Policy area: energy sector, energy efficiency, social policy. Objective: The main objective of this component is to decrease the carbon footprint and energy intensity of the economy and to contribute to the green transition by implementing measures to increase the energy. efficiency of residential, industrial and public buildings and by promoting generation of electricity from RES. Of a key importance will be to modernise the activities for planning, management and maintenance of the country's electricity grid and to complete the reform of the energy market towards full liberalisation of trade.

BGR

Europe & Central Asia

5. Implementation measures noking a) Activities of Energy Foundation in this regard are acknowledged but would be intensified. b) Promote the use of solar water heaters in hospitals, hotels and restaurants to satisfy part of their hot water needs. c) Government makes it mandatory for all ministries, government departments and agencies to use pre-paid meters instead of credit meters. d) A committee comprising the PURC, Energy Foundation, the Energy Commission and chaired by the Ministry of Energy works out ceilings for the ministries, government departments and agencies and the barracks. Beyond a ceiling, the defaulting ministry, government department or agency ministry pays from its own coffers. Extend CFL promotional projects to the campus of the four public universities and the 10 public polytechnics as first phase. Subsequent phases will cover the rest of the tertiary institutions. f) Distribution utilities introduce pre-payment meters to the residential halls. g) Target Residential halls of the country's tertiary institutions for demonstration and later replicated nationwide.

GHA

Sub-Saharan Africa

Climate policy sectors ENERGY TRANSPORT Goals of sectorial policies related to climate change To increase energy efficiency To increase the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the balance of energy sources Sectorial policy planning documents To renovate buildings The National Energy Strategy National Energy Independence Strategy Energy Efficiency Action Plan The Republic of Lithuania Energy efficiency law Multi-apartment Building Renovation (Modernization) Programme To promote of RES use in transport sector Public Building Renovation Programme Order for the development and implementation programs on quarter energy efficiency improvement The Lithuanian Law on Heat Economy To increase share of district heating 2016-2020. from RES To promote of the RES use in industry energy strategic directions sector The National Energy Strategy National Renewable Energy Resources Development Strategy National Renewable Energy Resources Programme for Recommendations on the main Lithuania's Republic To reduce relative consumption of thermal energy per unit of the used Strategy on dwellings of the Republic of Lithuania dwelling area by up to 30% by 2020 To implement energy saving technologies Multi-apartment Building Renovation (Modernization) Programme Law on Energy from Renewable Sources Programme of Public building renovation The Programme on Heat industry development in 2015- 2021 Program for Increasing the Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings The National Programme on the Development of Transport and Communications Law on Energy from Renewable Sources To increase the share of RES (biofuels and electricity) not less than by 10% in Law on Energy from Renewable Sources all modes of transport in comparison with the final consumption of the energy in the transport sector The Order No 3-100 of the Minister of Transport and

LTU

Europe & Central Asia

The targets are: 1. 24/7 grid electricity supply with minimal interruptions 2. 50% of grid electricity supplied from renewable energy sources 3. 30% improvement in energy efficiency in the residential, commercial a government sectors. A target for the transport sector is not foreseen in the Road Map due to lack of baseline data against which to set a target. However, as data becomes available and is analysed, a review of the effectiveness of a transport sector target may be carried out.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

|| Sector Policy/Strategy Agricultural development policy in Togo: vision 2016-2030 Energy resources development policy National reforestation program (NRP, 2017-2030) Programs 35 and 36 of the government roadmap Ten-year government ambition 2021-2030 Policy Transport Industrial Development Policy Health Policy 2017-2022 Sanitation and Hygiene Policy Urbanization and Housing Policy National Housing Strategy (SNL) Strategic Investment Framework for the Management of the Environment and Natural Resources (CSIGERN) 2018- 2022 Objectives/Description It aims to increase in 2026, thanks to the National Agricultural Investment and Food and Nutritional Security Program (PNIASAN) 2017-2026, the growth rate of the agricultural gross domestic product ( GDPA) by at least 10%, improve the agricultural trade balance by 15%, halve the poverty rate in rural areas to 27%, etc. With this policy, Togo wishes to achieve electricity for all by 2030 through the strengthening of energy production capacities. The strategic objective of the PNR is to contribute to the extension of forest cover to 30% of the territory by 2050 and to increase the productivity of existing forests. P35: response to major climate risks P36 green mobility program Plant a billion trees in 10 years It aims to create a development corridor that requires the establishment of modern infrastructure for efficient multimodal transport It aims to upgrading existing businesses with the aim of making them more competitive; diversify national industrial production with a constant increase in the rate of transformation of raw materials and local products to an average of 20% in 2030; promote small and medium-sized industrial enterprises. Its objective is to establish in the long term an efficient, accessible and equitable health system, capable of satisfying the right to health for all, in particular for the most vulnerable groups. With the implementation of the National Hygiene and Sanitation policy, the improvement of the population's access to adequate sanitation services will be effective and the promotion of good hygiene and sanitation practices within the population will be concrete It seeks to promote healthy and viable human settlements and to guarantee access to decent housing for all populations in general and in particular for low- and middle-income segments of the population It aims to guarantee a decent housing for all Togolese and particularly low- and middle-income social strata Through this framework, the Government is seeking to carry out actions that respond, among other things, to

TGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

previous 20% target, 10 percentage points higher target of area expansion

DEU

Europe & Central Asia

Title of the indicator Number of restored ecosystems Assumptions: The reforestation of degraded ecosystems in Togo will make it possible to achieve a forest cover of 30% of the national surface area by 2035; The rate of forest cover will increase from 24.24 to 25% by 2025 according to the government roadmap The growth rate of the urban and rural population is 2.84%/year; The annual deforestation rate of wooded plant formations is 0.4% (NRF) without any intervention; Togo's desire to reduce the area of plant formations annually burned by 5% will be disrupted by uncontrolled wildfires. Main indicators used Unit Indicator Target value Year of report Baseline value UT Estimated impact Gg Core of mitigation Indicators of progress Not estimated 50 Year to which the reference value and the 2021 objective refer Indicators relating to the impacts in terms of GHG emissions Not estimated 0.884 2030 Value of the indicator in the last year of the report Not estimated Not estimated 2021 2021 Most relevant data sources to calculate the value of the indicator MERF MERF

TGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

In terms of mitigation, the fulfillment of Morocco's commitments will be ensured through measures taken in all sectors of the economy. This PCN30 will consolidate the mitigation objectives of all the sectoral strategies and action plans, affecting in particular the areas of energy, agriculture, transport, waste, forests, industry and the habitat.

MAR

Middle East & North Africa

Policy Objectives i). ii). A Special Initiative will be in force, ensuring Wood and non-wood forest products are sufficiently available in a sustainable way to meet national requirements; Advanced mechanisms will be in place and being applied in a participatory way, ensuring multiple use of forests and forest resources/products in a sustainable way for food and nutrition security, incomes, employment and investment; iii). Wildlife and forest producers are enabled, facilitated, guided and linked to markets in producing quality products for income, employment and investment;, iv). An effective institutional framework will be in place providing appropriate advice, delivery services, data and information on a continuous basis for policy, planning and investment, and appropriate legislations, guidelines and practices in-force regulating the exploitation of the natural forest resource base. v). At least 20% of the total land area will be under effective forest management vi). Forest policy will be promoted and harmonized with sub-regional and regional initiatives, e.g. NEPAD/ CAADP, ECOWAP, ECOWAS, etc. Strategies

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Vanuatu submitted its initial NDC to the UNFCCC on 21st September 2016. The main mitigation contribution under the initial submission was to achieve the outcomes and targets under the National Energy Road Map (NERM) and Second National Communication (SNC) extended to 2030. The mitigation contribution for the Vanuatu INDC submission was a sector specific target of transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity sector by 2030. This target would replace nearly all fossil fuel requirements for electricity generation in the country and be consistent with the National Energy Road Map (NERM) target of 65% renewable energy by 2020. This contribution would reduce emissions in the energy sector by 72Gg by 2030. Emissions in this sector were around 130 Gg in 2010 but are expected to rise to 240 Gg by 2030 ( 3% per annum). Vanuatu's INDC mitigation contribution would thus reduce business as usual (BAU) emissions in the electricity sub-sector by 100% and in the energy sector by 30%. The target was conditional, depending on funding commensurate with putting the transition in place being made available from external sources. In addition, the transition to renewable energy-based electricity could be accelerated through the review of agricultural (coconut oil sector) national policy. Opportunities for reducing the high emissions levels in agriculture were to be simultaneously pursued through cooperative programmes with nations having similarly high emissions in this sector. The forestry sector mitigation was to be treated as part of the existing REDD+ programme. The Government was also aware that waste management required further attention.

VUT

East Asia & Pacific

policies and measures of the Union at least until 2030.

HRV

Europe & Central Asia

Improve energy network security management and control. Improve the safety prevention and control body of the power monitoring system Strengthen the organization, coordination and supervision of the implementation of this plan, and establish and improve the implementation of the plan

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

The contribution of structural carbon reduction is outstanding. Under the effect of goal orientation, in 2016, the proportion of China's non-fossil energy in total energy consumption rose to 13.3%, of which the installed capacity of non-fossil energy power generation was 590 million kilowatts, accounting for 35.7% of the total installed capacity, an increase of 1.6% over 2015. percent, non-fossil energy power generation was 1.7 trillion kWh, an increase of 0.19 trillion kWh over 2015, and the proportion of natural gas in total energy consumption rose from 5.9% in 2015 to 6.2%. According to preliminary calculations, emission reductions of 112 and 08 million tons of carbon dioxide were achieved respectively.

CHN

East Asia & Pacific