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Strategic actions towards long-term goal Based on the Paris Agreement, under a fair and effective international framework applicable to all major Parties, Japan le international community so that major emitters undertake emission reduction in accordance with their capacities, and, a reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050 as its long-term goal, while pursuing the global warming countermeas and the economic growth at the same time. Such a deep cut in emissions is difficult to achieve through the extension of measures so far. Therefore, Japan pursues solution through innovation such as development and deployment of innovativ technologies which enables drastic emission reductions, and, while promoting domestic investment, enhancing the international competitiveness, and asking citizens for their opinion, aims to achieve a deep cut in emissions through long- strategic actions, and contributes to global GHG emission reductions.

JPN

East Asia & Pacific

PURPOSE E4. REDUCE LOSSES AND ILLICIT USE IN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION OBJECTIVE E4.1. Reduce nationwide electricity distribution losses to 8% by 2023 BUILDING SECTOR

TUR

Europe & Central Asia

undeniable with CNES and the associated research teams. The national polar strategy must allow to increase this capacity on subjects as important as temperature or altimetric measurements, ice) as well as the salinity of the Southern Ocean and ocean currents.

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

At the same time technical cooperation with other countries with agricultural potential for sugarcane crop, aims to contribute to expanding the supply of ethanol in the international market, which will make it more stable and balanced, thereby allowing the sustainable expansion of demand. In this way the country will contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gases beyond its frontiers and will provide countries with predominantly agricultural economies with the opportunity to increase their export revenues. Ethanol - encourages industry to achieve an average annual consumption increase of 11% in the next ten years. Produced from crops raised in areas defined in the Sugarcane Zoning Program, currently being implemented, it should prevent the emission of 508 million tCO during the period. Biodiesel - ongoing studies to antecipate from 2013 to 2010 the to add 5% to diesel. obligation

BRA

Latin America & Caribbean

(2) The purpose of the planning system for climate change policy is to determine the re- duction targets for greenhouse gas emissions and the goals of adaptation to climate change, as well as the measures required to reach these goals and targets in different ad- ministrative branches, as provided below in more detail. (3) The goal of the planning system for climate change policy is to ensure that the total anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is reduced in Finland by at least 80 per cent by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. If an international treaty binding on Finland or European Union legislation includes a total reduction target for greenhouse gas emissions set for 2050 that differs from that mentioned above, it must be used as the basis for the long-term emissions reduction target of the planning system. The goal of planning the adaptation to climate change is to promote the management of risks caused by climate change and sector-specific adaptation to climate change. (4) The goal of drawing up climate change policy plans is to attempt to mitigate climate change and adapt to it in a cost-effective way. The goals and measures relating to the miti- gation of climate change and adaptation to it included in the plans shall be based on re- search data, so that the progression of climate change, its probable positive and negative effects, the related risks and hazards, and the possibilities to prevent accidents and limit their adverse effects are taken into account. In planning related to agricultural production, it shall be ensured that the measures related to mitigating climate change are planned and implemented so that they do not compromise domestic food production or global food security.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

Figure 2. Electricity production in 2012 share of coal The economy has a high level of CO and other air emissions, ie sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and PM10 and PM2.5 dust. For several years, a strategy to reduce the level of this gas emissions has been observed in the international arena and in the policy pursued by the EU, which results in appropriate legal regulations in this area. It is worth noting here that, in accordance with the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol, Poland has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 6% by 2012. Until 2009, Poland managed to reduce by 27 points. percent more emissions than the target. The emission was reduced by 186 million tonnes of equivalent. CO, which is a 33% reduction in emissions compared to 1988. At the same time, with such a large reduction in emissions, 33.5% 50.6% 3.3% 10.4% 2% hard coal brown coal natural gas MOZE Source: Study own based on ARE SA other fuels Energy Market Agency SA

POL

Europe & Central Asia

renewable energy technologies. 6.3.2 Relevant educational materials on sustainable energy will be developed by the EEMO for use at all levels in schools. The target groups would include primary and pre-primary children. 6.3.3 Moreover, in the context of MID concept, emphasis will be laid on appropriate training to build capacity to develop a culture of sustainable development including energy efficiency and energy conservation. 6.4 Demand Side Management 6.4.1 On the demand management front, Government has, with the collaboration of the electricity utility, implemented a Compact Fluorescent Lamps project whereby one million lamps have been sold at a concessionary price. The main objective of the project was to promote the use of Compact Fluorescent Lamps in households and to lower the evening peak demand comprising a significant component of domestic load. Moreover, a real time peak display on the national television will be introduced to encourage savings during the evening peak period. 6.4.2 The technical and economic potential for lowering energy intensity of the industrial sectors, through energy efficiency, measures will also be addressed. Demand Side Management strategy will target energy intensive industries, which will be required to hire a Certified Energy Auditor and to develop energy management plans. On the other hand, the smaller industries will be required to carry out energy audits at prescribed intervals. In this respect, classification of companies by their energy consumption will be carried out and the EEMO will be responsible to prepare realistic targets and monitor energy savings in the sector. 6.4.3 It is reckoned that there is presently an absence/shortage of energy service companies and energy efficiency specialists in the country. Accordingly, industries will be given a reasonable moratorium to comply with the above policies. Meanwhile, Government will continue to encourage industries to carry out energy audits and implement such measures as may be required for efficient energy use. The EEMO will run awareness campaigns on energy efficiency and energy audits for all the economic sectors. to facilitate this transition phase. 6.4.4 As part of the demand side management strategy, efficient street lighting system using CFL and traffic lighting using LED would be promoted with a view to reducing Government energy bills. 6.4.5 Government will promote use of energy efficient appliances in public buildings, including hospitals, health care centres, schools and public offices. Sustainable Buildings 6.5 6.5.1 Government is committed to the Public Sector leading the way in energy efficiency. This will be the

MUS

Sub-Saharan Africa

OBJECTIVE B1. INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS OBJECTIVE B1.1.To create thermal insulation and energy efficient systems that meet the standards in at least 1 million residences and commercial and public buildings with a total usage area of over 10 thousand square meters in 2023 OBJECTIVE $2.2023 REDUCING THE CO DENSITY EQUIVALENT PER INDUSTRIAL GROUP UP TO 2023

TUR

Europe & Central Asia

In order to achieve the above objective, the following Specific Objectives have been defined: Raising digital skills. Further promoting the digital transformation of enterprises and public administrations. the following Main Objective for the Component was formulated:

POL

Europe & Central Asia

CTF Table 9: Provision of capacity-building support during 2017-2018 CTF Table 8: Provision of technology development and transfer support during 2017-2018 7.3 Any other information that the Party considers relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention

ROU

Europe & Central Asia

Climate Resilience Execution Agency of Dominica (CREAD) Following the devastation wrought by Hurricane Maria, the Government committed to establish an executive agency, the Climate Resilience Execution Agency of Dominica (CREAD) that will facilitate the implementation of projects as part of rebuilding Dominica as the first climate resilient nation in the world. According to the Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) undertaken by Government in collaboration with the international development agencies, Hurricane Maria caused damage and loss of 226% of GDP. The warming of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea means that this size of disaster could be of increasing frequency and is hence uninsurable. Consequently, Dominica has no choice but to rebuild Dominica as a climate resilient nation and 'Build Back Better' the damage wrought by Maria. The scale of the recovery and rebuilding task is immense, estimated by the PDNA at 230% of GDP. Full and national climate resiliency will cost even more. We have concluded, like other countries in a similar situation that we need a dedicated agency to lead the recovery. This specialized agency will focus not just on the physical reconstruction but also on establishing climate resilient systems, for example, in the energy, food production and transport sectors. In his address at the CARICOM-UNDP Conference in New York on 21st November, 2017, the Prime minister set out the main parameters of CREAD: "The unprecedented challenge we face has led us to take the unprecedented decision to build an execution agency outside of our standard public service systems. We are calling it CREAD- Climate Resilience Execution Agency of Dominica. The mission of the agency will be to coordinate all reconstruction work to avoid duplication, maximize economies of scale, spot and fill critical gaps, avoid

DMA

Latin America & Caribbean

(1) for afforestations (A), the model CASMOFOR was used, for all other forests (managed forests, MF), the CASMOFOR-NFI model was used. For the non-forestry sectors, projected emissions and removals were estimated by using exactly the same system that is used for the GHG inventory. This system takes the area of the various "land remaining the same land" and "converted to" land use/change categories. Currently, no other changes in the system is assumed in the projections. For the land use and land use change scenarios, only a "WEM" type scenario could be developed.

HUN

Europe & Central Asia

Modernization and energy efficiency actions in the Collective Transportation System Project title Modernization and energy efficiency actions in the Collective Transportation System (STC). Collective Transportation System, Metro. Responsible institution Through the modernization and maintenance of lighting fixtures, electromechanical stairs and trains, the aim is to reduce the Metro's electricity consumption and, consequently, its contribution to atmospheric emissions. Description Objective Methodology and assumptions Mitigation Greenhouse gases covered Implementation period Monitoring or progress indicator Results obtained Additional information Reduction of CO equivalent emissions, from 2014 to 2020, due to modernization and maintenance of lighting fixtures, electromechanical stairs and trains, and reduction of electricity consumption in the Metro facilities. The reduction in emissions avoided by modernization and maintenance of lighting fixtures, electromechanical stairs and trains seeks to reduce the electricity consumption of the Metro and is calculated by means of the following equation: ER = (AE) (FE) Where ER- Emissions reduced in the year / [MtCOe). AE- Energy savings in the year, [MWh) FEFE of the SEN in the year, [tCO;a/MWh) Results Energy savings (MWh) FE of the SEN (tCOe/MWh) Reduced emissions (MtCO;e) Reduced emissions accumulated (MtCOe) CO, CH, N2O. From January 2013 to June 2020. Energy savings in MWh. Reduced emissions in MtCOe. Year 2018 2019 2020 Accumulated 2018 2019 5,303.11 2,559.78 0.527 0.505 0.0028 0.0013 MtCOe 0.0028 0.0013 0.0013 0.0054 2020 2.559.7 8 0.494 0.0013 0.0054 The information provided by the entity indicated that the applied technological changes resulted in non-consumed electrical energy-energy efficiency- and the corresponding contribution in reducing emissions (tCO;e). The goal of the "Climate Action Program of Mexico City (PACCM) 2014-2020 is to mitigate 10 MtCOe accumulated in said period. The actions implemented during this program do not have a specific individual goal, nor a numerical one, but rather an action that to date continues to mitigate and contribute to the general goal of the PACCM Reference: Tabular format

MEX

Latin America & Caribbean

2005 and 152-2005, which were incorporated into the national legal system in DE No. 32812-COMEX-MINAE-MEIC, which includes technical regulations on asphalt, superior and aviation gasoline, lighting and aviation kerosene, as well as lubricating oils. for gasoline or diesel engines, which entered into force on March 26, 2006 and DĖ No. 32921-COMEX-MINAE-MEIC, includes technical regulations for land transportation of liquid hydrocarbons and bulk LPG, manufacturing specifications and threaded and quick coupling valves for portable cylinders for LPG and product and mixture specifications for LPG, propane and commercial butane, which entered into force on May 30, 2006. The technical regulations on 2D diesel (automotive), inviolability seals and regular gasoline are pending. In the process of integration of hydrocarbons, possible regulation of biodiesel and anhydrous ethanol fuel has been analyzed, which is why a proposal was sent for their possible technical specifications for approval by the Ministry of the Environment and Energy, in order to have a working basis with the other Central American members of the Hydrocarbons Subgroup.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

The National Renewable Energy Programme (2015) established a long term goal of total installed capacity generated from renewable sources by 2030. The Renewable Energy Law (2015) further regulates the renewable energy power generation. It provides a feed-in tariff for the grid and the independent power generation from renewable energy. The new Law on Energy and Renewable energy target is to increase the share of renewable energy in total primary energy sources up to 20% by 2020, 25% by2025 and 30% by 2030.

MNG

East Asia & Pacific

4.1.1.4 European Union Policy Developments The 20% cut in greenhouse gas emissions will be met through commitments in both the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and non-ETS sectors. In this context, the Government has prioritised a number of initiatives in the context of Budget 2020 including:

IRL

Europe & Central Asia

Name: Energy Efficiency Nature of the action: NAMA Sector: Energy Coordinating Institution: Ministry of Mines and Energy Gas (es): Co,e General Objective: To reduce the use of fossil fuels and electricity through increased energy efficiency in different sectors of the economy Period: 2010 - 2018. BUR4 will focus on 2018. Information on the 2010-2017 period is available in BUR1, BUR2, and BUR3. Estimated reduction related to the NAMA: 12 to 15 million tCO,e by 2020 Specific Objective: To encourage the reduction of electricity consumption through government programs on energy efficiency. Goals: To encourage the reduction of electric energy consumption. Progress Indicators: Reduction in electric energy consumption. Unit: GWh. Methodologies and assumptions: Reducing electricity consumption reduces GHG emissions. The calculation of the results of the PROCEL Program to reduce electricity consumption and ANEEL's energy efficiency projects will be the basis for measuring the progress of this specific objective implementation. Actions/Steps taken: Regulation of the use of resources for the PROCEL Program through Law 13,280/2016. Implementation of the PROCEL Resource Application Program. Outcomes: Reduction of 44,590 GWh in the country's electricity consumption in the 2018-2019 period. Specific Objective: To encourage the use of highly efficient electrical equipment. Goals: To increase the supply of highly efficient electrical equipment. Progress Indicators: Number of electrical equipment models bearing the PROCEL label. Methodologies and assumptions: Participation in the equipment labeling program is voluntary. The PROCEL label was created to increase the number of certified pieces of equipment with high-energy efficiency levels. The label is a widely publicized award, which contributes to brand recognition. Actions/Steps taken: Awarding the PROCEL label for high energy efficiency equipment, with the Brazilian Labeling Program as a reference. Result: Supply of 3,627 electrical equipment models with the PROCEL Label in 20182. Specific Objective: To encourage the use of highly efficient vehicles. Goals: To increase the supply of highly efficient vehicles. Progress Indicators: Number of vehicle models bearing the CONPET label. Methodologies and assumptions: Participation in the vehicle

BRA

Latin America & Caribbean

2. Sub-targets (optional) Part 3: Emissions reduction plans 5. Annual report link (mandatory)

NZL

East Asia & Pacific

Accordingly, the target greenhouse gas emission reductions for Hungary for 2025, i.e., by the end of the current NCCS period, can be summarised as follows: in case of a unilateral mitigation by 20% by the EU: reduction by 16% to 25% from the 1990 level; in case of a comprehensive global framework scheme, that is, in case of a EU target of 30%: reduction by 27% to 34% from the 1990 level. In case of realising the conditions for the 30% emission mitigation target set by the EU, Hungary may need to buy emission offset allowances in addition to using domestic means in order to achieve its emission mitigation target for 2025. In the developing countries, the trading in emission quotas derived from more cheaply implemented emission mitigations is already in operation. Provided that the negotiations related to the international framework scheme for the period after 2012 are successfully concluded, a state purchase programme should be established still before 2012 in order to ensure that it will gather appropriate experience before starting to purchase the necessary emission quotas after 2012.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

vehicles used, provided for in Art. 36 or article. 68 sec. 4 on level higher than specified in these provisions for the next period in which it should another analysis should be carried out.

POL

Europe & Central Asia

And with the technical support of: USAID Low Emissions Development Project Tropical Agricultural Research and Teaching Center

GTM

Latin America & Caribbean

Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, of April 23, 2009, regarding the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, sets as general objectives to achieve a minimum quota of 20% of energy from renewable sources in the gross final energy consumption of the European Union (EU) and a minimum share of 10% of energy from renewable sources in energy consumption in the transport sector in each Member State by the year 2020.

ESP

Europe & Central Asia

Objectives of the proposed measure Reduce the deforestation rate to at most 35,000 ha lan instead of the current 60,000 ha lan Increase the carbon sequestration capacity of the country's forest ecosystems by strengthening reforestation/plantation efforts Quantified objective (horizon 2030) Strengthening actions for the protection and conservation and sustainable management of classified forest resources (implementation of a monitoring system, strengthening of the intervention capacities of the Technical Units for Forest Development, Organization and monitoring of conservation series, relining, improvement and promotion of the system of rural timber markets, sustainable management of transumance, etc.) Strengthening of actions for the protection and conservation and sustainable management of forests in the protected area over at least 2,500,000 ha Strengthening of monitoring cations of forest plantations (120,000 ha) Implementation of a reforestation plan with the aim of creating 15,000 ha of forest plantations per year (ie 150,000 ha by 2030). Unconditional Implementation of the actions planned in the Benin Classified Forests Project (50%) Develop and implement support projects for the sustainable management of natural resources in the protected area (40%) Put in place measures to ensure monitoring of 60,000 ha of old forest plantations (50%) over the period 2023 to 2030 Continue the actions in progress (PRI projects, PAGEFCOM 2, other reforestation actions by ONAB and National Reforestation Campaigns: On average 5000 ha of forest plantations per year, i.e. 50,000 ha by 2030. (33.3%) Cost in (US$ millions) 75.00 88.03 31.74 274 Conditional* Implementation of other similar projects to the protection of classified forests (50%) Additional projects to support the sustainable management of natural resources in the protected area (60%) Put in place measures to ensure the surveillance of an additional 60,000 ha of former forest plantations (50%) over the period 2023 to 2030 Creation of 10,000 ha of additional forest plantations per year, i.e. 100,000 ha by 2030. (66.7%) Cost (US$ million) 75.00 132.04 31.74 548 Total cost in (US$ million) 150.00 220.07 63.47 822 Institutions responsible for implementation MCVDD (DGEFC)

BEN

Sub-Saharan Africa

Intended outcome2: Energy efficiency improved, leading to GHG emissions reduction Intended Outputs Targets 2.1 Natural gas-based power plants developed and interconnected into existing national grid 2.2 Efficiency in Power generation, transmission and distribution widely improved 2.3 Energy Efficiency on Demand Side improved 2.4 Solar water heaters widely promoted in Household & Commercial sectors 2.5 Efficiency of energy consumption in transportation sector widely improved through fuel switching 2.6 Efficiency of energy consumption in agriculture sector widely improved through introduction of Solar Pumps in Irrigation Systems 1.7 Energy from waste water treatment plants produced and utilized for heating, lighting and cooking. By 2025, a total capacity of 1000 MW of energy produced based on NG consumption in replacement of diesel and residual fuel oil By 2025, Efficient power generation, transmission and distribution improved by 15 percent, leading to significant emission reduction Efficiencies of newly installed centralized Combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plants will improved by60% by 2025. Efficiencies of newly installed decentralized Combined heat and power (CHP) generation systems will improved by 80% by 2025. By 2025, energy efficiency in the power sector improved by 15% saving potential of app. 220 MW generation capacity or 650 GWh electricity generation should be un-locked within 3-5 years By 2020, about 200,000 units of solar water heaters installed, being 40 % of market potential, resulting a saving potential of 457 GWh in the target year By 2025, about 300,000 units installed, being 60 % of market potential, resulting in a saving potential of 686 GWh in the target year By 2025, 85% of heavy duty trucks uses NG instead fossil fuel diesel to gasoline for heavy duty trucks and 90% of buses uses NG Widespread introduction of solar water pumps to replace diesel pumps in shallow wells (65% share by 2025). By 2025, a total capacity of 1MW generated from blogas of wastewater treatment plants

YEM

Middle East & North Africa

Huttunen, R., Kuuva, P., Kinnunen, M., Lemström, B. & Hirvonen, P. (eds.) (2022) Carbon neutral Finland 2035-national climate and energy strategy. Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment. Publications of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment 2022:55. 221 p. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-327-843-1 Prime Minister's Office (2020) Government Report on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Towards a carbon-neutral welfare society. Publications of the Prime Minister's Office 2020:13. 126 p. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-383-085-1 https://finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2022/20220423

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

project context or within an area setting. of ecosystem services, especially for recreation, health and biodiversity. Municipalities a support for the conversion to a natural

DEU

Europe & Central Asia

9. We estimate that to deliver on the UK's net zero ambitions, through the late 2020s and 2030s, an additional £50-60 billion of capital investment will be required each year. Most of this investment will need to come from the private sector.85 Investment in supply chains in the UK are an important part of this, ensuring energy security and enabling us to capture global growth opportunities in new green industries. 10. Accompanying strategies, including Powering Up Britain, set out deployment goals and policies for the decarbonisation and growth of sectors across the UK economy. These world leading ambitions such as delivering up to 50GW offshore wind capacity by 2030; up to 70GW of solar by 203587; up to 10GW of low carbon hydrogen production capacity by 20308, at least 5Mt of CO₂ removal through greenhouse gas removals (GGRS) 89 and to increase plans for civil nuclear deployment to up to 24GW by 2050⁹⁰ - are already driving investment in innovation, scaling of sectors and deployment of technologies. 3.1.3 Charting the investment roadmap to green the UK economy

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

The sixth objective that we must set ourselves is precisely to invest in healthy, sustainable and traceable food. It is in a way accelerating the agricultural and agri-food revolution that we are leading and in which France is one of the leading countries. France, there too, and it is our industrial and agricultural past, has each time succeeded in the agricultural objectives that the nation assigned to it. At the end of the Second World War, we assigned the objectives of our peasants to feed the country, at the French level and then at the European level. The French farm did it, it succeeded through two great historical revolutions, that of mechanization then that of chemistry. But, it succeeded in producing, producing more and more, feeding a growing population, feeding it better and better to quality standards and exporting. Let's not take anything away from this French pride which was then transferred to the European level, we managed to do it. We have a transition today that is accelerating and the world is accelerating. It is certainly one of the sectors which is most at the confluence of all the tensions that I mentioned earlier. We have to feed more and more people, biodiversity has become a rare commodity whereas it had no value ten years ago for many, and, also, we have to decarbonize production. It is therefore one of the sectors that is changing most rapidly under constraint, even though our societies, for some fifteen years now, have chosen to acknowledge the fact that food had no almost worth more. In the average basket of French women and men, food is much worse than it was a few decades ago. So, at the time when we have to invest, make all these transformations, we decided, about ten years ago, to say that the price we had to assign in our average budget was getting lower and lower. To get you back into our strategic vision, that's what we've been doing for four years now, to restore value in agriculture. In reality, if there is no value, it is wrong to say that we will do anything. It must therefore be said: our farmers must be paid for the work done. The investment made. We must help to reinvest and we must help with all of these transitions: Egalim 1 and Egalim 2, the sector strategies, the two pillars, the CAP, etc. Because we have to succeed in ensuring that each farmer can live from

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

Renewable Energy: The Amaila Falls Hydropower Project is the flagship of the early years of the LCDS, and will deliver a steady source of clean, renewable energy that is affordable and reliable. It will eliminate at least 92% of Guyana's energy related greenhouse gas emissions, and this will likely make Guyana the world's number one user of renewable energy by 2017. As of March 2013, work on the access road to the project site is nearing completion, the commencement of construction of the power plant will start later in the year, and the generation of clean energy is planned to commence in 2017. Amerindian Development:

GUY

Latin America & Caribbean

To meet the goals and objectives of the Grenada National Energy Policy (GNEP), it will be imperative to address institutional and regulatory issues by building and managing our human resources and by establishing sound legislation. The steps undertaken to resolve our maritime boundary with Trinidad and Tobago and other neighbouring countries and the creation of legislation and regulations to govern the exploration for and exploitation of offshore hydrocarbons and onshore geothermal resources are ranked as top priorities. The Government of Grenada understands that the promotion of our indigenous renewable energy potential (geothermal, wind, solar, waste to energy) is imperative so that by 2020 at least twenty percent (20%) of all domestic energy usage should be based on renewable energy sources. Further, emphasis on energy efficiency and conservation in all sectors of the economy is highly anticipated. The people of Grenada are greatly indebted to the numerous individuals from private business sectors, public sectors, NGOs and external agencies that have all contributed to the drafting of this policy. We are also grateful for the continued assistance provided by international organizations and by our development partners as we now seek to implement this ambitious policy.

GRD

Latin America & Caribbean

We will cut the cost for consumers who want to make improvements by'rebalancing' the costs placed on energy bills away from electricity to incentivise electrification across the economy. This will also ensure heat pumps are comparatively cheap to run over time. We will publish our proposals in 2022, considering overall system impacts and limiting the impact on bills, particularly for low-income consumers. the capacity market with net zero,28 including potential actions to encourage the participation of more low carbon capacity. However, it will be necessary to consider whether broader reforms to our market frameworks are needed to unlock the full potential of low carbon technologies, including flexibility, to take us to net zero. The British Energy Security Strategy set out how we will ensure a more flexible, efficient system for both generators and users:

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

This Directive, approved by European Parliament on 13 November 2018, establishes a common framework for the promotion of energy from renewable sources. It sets a binding Union target for the overall share of energy from renewable sources in the Union's gross final consumption of energy in 2030, equal to 32%. The Commission's original proposal did not include a transport sub-target, which has been introduced by co-legislators in the final agreement: Member States must require fuel suppliers to supply a minimum of 14% of the energy consumed in road and rail transport by 2030 as renewable energy. Moreover, fuels used in the aviation and maritime sectors can opt in to contribute to the 14% transport target but are not subject to an obligation. It also lays down rules on financial support for electricity from renewable sources and establishes sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels.

ITA

Europe & Central Asia

The challenges imposed on society require concerted action between energy and climate policies and other government areas, with particular emphasis on the areas of industry and transport, as only then will it be possible to trace a feasible path towards an economy and a carbon-neutral society that is, at the same time, a promoter of economic growth and an improvement in the quality of life. In this context, hydrogen plays a central role, being simultaneously presented as an efficient option to promote, deepen and facilitate the energy transition and as an economic, industrial, scientific and technological opportunity for Europe. In 2016, Portugal assumed the objective of achieving Carbon Neutrality by 2050, having developed the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality 2050 (RNC2050). This was presented at the end of 2018, in anticipation of the draft of the National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030 (PNEC 2030) - the main instrument of national energy and climate policy for the next decade, towards a carbon neutral future - presented in January 2019. The PNEC 2030 is essential to ensure the achievement of energy and climate goals in the next decade, being oriented towards the future and towards Portugal's long-term goals. In Europe and Portugal, 2019 was a year of intensification of the decarbonization commitment, but it was also the year of public discussion of the initial proposals of the PNECS, which were very much based on pure electrification, which deserved some pockets of resistance in the gas sector. and in any industry. The market has signaled the existence of a gap that can be efficiently filled by hydrogen production.

PRT

Europe & Central Asia

Sec. 202. Reducing Agency Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Each agency shall reduce its scope 1, 2, and 3 greenhouse gas emissions, as defined by the Federal Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Reporting Guidance, by setting and meeting targets for fiscal year 2030 measured from a fiscal year 2008 baseline. Sec. 203. Transitioning to 100 Percent Carbon Pollution-Free Electricity. Each agency shall increase its percentage use of carbon pollution-free electricity, so that it constitutes 100 percent of facility electrical energy use on an annual basis, and seek to match use on an hourly basis to achieve 50 percent 24/7 carbon pollution-free electricity, by fiscal year 2030. In addition, agencies shall facilitate new carbon pollution-free electricity generation and energy storage capacity by authorizing use of their real property assets, such as rooftops, parking structures, and adjoining land, for the development of new carbon pollution-free electricity generation and energy storage through leases, grants, permits, or other mechanisms, to the extent permitted by law. Sec. 204. Transitioning to a Zero-Emission Fleet. Each agencys light-duty vehicle acquisitions shall be zero-emission vehicles by the end of fiscal year 2027. Each agency with a fleet comprising at least 20 vehicles shall develop and annually update a zero-emission fleet strategy that shall include optimizing fleet size and composition; deploying zero-emission vehicle re-fueling infrastructure; and maximizing acquisition and deployment of zero-emission light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles where the General Services Administration (GSA) offers one or more zero-emission vehicle options for that vehicle class.

USA

North America

Director, Remote Sensing and Research Data Analysis Department, National Mapping and Resource Information Authority, Taguig City - joccab@namria.gov.ph. Executive Director, Forestry Development Center, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna - tony115858@yahoo.com Mayor's Office, Municipality of Quezon, Palawan

PHL

East Asia & Pacific

As a result, it slightly increased compared to the total permitted amount of 1,689.86 million tons during the first plan period ('15-'17), which started targeting 526 companies. By sector, 762.53 million tons were allocated to the conversion sector, including power generation companies, 942.51 million tons to the industrial sector, and 72.09 million tons to other sectors such as buildings, transportation, and waste. Of the total emission allowances during the 2nd plan period, 1,642.98 million tons were allocated to companies in advance, which is a figure that companies must reduce by 5.6% from the amount they emitted in the past.

KOR

East Asia & Pacific

Under the Paris Agreement, Canada has formally committed to achieving an economy-wide target to reduce GHG emissions by 30% below 2005 levels by 2030, and under the Copenhagen Accord Canada committed to reducing GHG emissions by 17% below 2005 levels by 2020. The Government of Canada, in close collaboration with provinces and territories, has established the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change (Pan-Canadian Framework). As described in further detail in Chapter 4, this is a federal, provincial and territorial plan to grow the Canadian economy, reduce GHG emissions and help Canadian communities adapt to a changing climate.

CAN

North America

GHG inventory, performing the role of inventory agency in Ireland and undertaking all in 2020. Modified Domestic Demand (MDD), which provides the best measure of domestic construction sector. Despite an uplift, the COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the

IRL

Europe & Central Asia

Policy 1: Promote energy efficiency and conservation measures in the electricity sector 01.1: Improve diesel power generation efficiency by at least 4 kWh/1 from 2009 level 02.1: 02.2 02.3 02.4 02.5: 02.6 02.7 and businesses sectors Reduce electricity consumption in government services by 20% in 2019, while increasing efficiency of service delivery by 2019 Reduce electricity consumption in residential services by 10% in 2019 Reduce electricity consumption in commercial services by 5% in 2019 Reduce electricity consumption in industrial services by 5% in 2019 Build a sufficient body of expertise within government in order to develop national energy efficiency targets by 2019 Increase nationwide levels of awareness leading to strong demand for energy efficiency products and services Include course materials on energy efficiency and conservation at all levels of the education systems from primary to secondary schools by 2019 Policy 3: Encourage energy efficiency in appliances, equipment and technologies

SLB

East Asia & Pacific

junctions in a bid to give specific priority to public transport services; Malta's total target for all the non-ETS sectors is at 5% increase as compared to the levels of As part of the current government policy to achieve sustainable mobility including a modal

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Title of the document Strategy for Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2019-2021 Rup-5544 dated 21.09.2018 Strategy for the transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to a "green economy" for the period 2019-2030 No. PP-4477 dated 04.10.2019 Sector Economy-wide Economy-wide Main content Goal: Development of human capital as the main factor determining the level of a country's competitiveness on the world stage and its innovative progress. The main target indicator: By 2030, the Republic of Uzbekistan will join the 50 leading countries of the world according to the Global Innovation Index. Priority areas: development of science, ingenuity and technology transfer; improvement of the system of financing innovation activities; development of infrastructure and information and communication technologies; improvement of the education system and development of human capital: development of competition and reduction of administrative barriers. Goal: Achieve sustainable economic progress that promotes social development, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, climate and environmental sustainability by integrating green economy principles into ongoing structural reforms. Main target indicator: By 2030, reduction of specific greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 10% from the level of 2010. Priority areas: on the basis of CCGT and GTU, full equipment of electricity consumption systems with automatic control and metering devices; thermal power engineering: introduction of new technologies for generating thermal energy, modernization and reconstruction of outdated equipment of boiler houses, equipping consumers with modern metering devices, use of solar collectors for heating water in boiler houses; oil and gas industry: reduction of natural gas losses during its production, processing, transportation and distribution through the modernization of compressor stations, low and medium pressure gas distribution networks, as well as the gas transmission system with the introduction of effective hydrocarbon resource loss control technologies (SCADA), the introduction of alternative energy sources at oil and gas production facilities. Target by 2025 electricity alternative 20%; By 2030, consumption will be up to 40 doges By 2030: a two-fold decrease - the development of more electric supply is inexpensive up to 100%

UZB

Europe & Central Asia

Using the information provided by relevant ministries on the mitigation measures, activities increase to 155 million tCO2e/year. This section contains an illustration of Cambodia's Business as Usual (BAU), the proposed

KHM

East Asia & Pacific

N 27. 28. 29. Project Ideas Promotion of the use of bicycles as a means of transport across the country Promotion of urban transport by the Congo River in Kinshasa to relieve congestion on land routes" 18 Supervision and extension of the measure of prohibition of the importation of vehicles older than ten years 30. Promotion of infrastructures for means of transport using clean energy: tramway, metro, electric train, etc. 19 Development of a national policy objectives Brief description Deadline - Reduction of GHG emissions emanating from | The DRC, resolutely committed to a Medium-term development dynamic in the transport sector; from its transport sector is launching a process of analysis and promotion of all forms of transport linked to low emissions. - Exploitation of other forms of transport Promotion of the culture of physical exercise - Reduction of GHG emissions from the transport sector - Exploitation of alternative transport routes - Reduction of GHG emissions from the transport sector; - Establishment of the culture of automotive technical control; - Renewal of the city car fleet -Promote clean energy Promote clean energy transport infrastructure Support research and development in the field of clean energy - Promote the electrification of railways Population growth in the cities of the The DRC has galloped strongly over the past twenty years without the evolution of urban infrastructures being followed. This situation has made urban mobility difficult. Thus, the projections for the development of urban infrastructure for the improvement of mobility will be made closely with the exploitation of alternative transport routes around the city. | In 2012, the Government of the DRC decreed a ban on the import into Congolese territory of vehicles over ten years old. This measure, which has a no less significant potential for mitigating GHG emissions, has so far been implemented by the administrative services of the state, namely: the Ministry of Finance the General Directorate of Customs and Excise (DGDA). Given the mitigation potential of this measure, a technical and scientific assessment is necessary as well as the implementation of other actions required for the sustainability of the measure The energy potential of the DRC is immense (hydroelectric, | Min. Transport, solar, wind, geothermal, etc) but not yet exploited in its SCTP (ex-totality. Which shows the importance of investing in this sector given the Onatra), SNCC, enormous

COD

Sub-Saharan Africa

Addressing the climate crisis requires immediate and sustained investment to eliminate net global greenhouse gas emissions by mid-century-and this presents a transformational opportunity for the United States and the world. Investing in the clean technologies, infrastructure, workforce, and systems of the future creates an unprecedented opportunity to improve quality of life and create vibrant, sustainable, resilient, and equitable economies. In light of this urgency, the United States has set a goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by no later than 2050. will require cutting global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 40% below 1990 levels by

USA

North America

Other goals and measures: (1) Net-zero power generation put forward in Figure 28 of the preliminary inspection, no longer use coal for daily power generation by 2035, and increase the proportion of renewable energy in the fuel mix of power generation to 7.5%-10%, Increase to 15% in the future; and test the use of new energy and strengthen cooperation with neighboring regions to achieve the goal of net zero power generation by 2050 in the long run. (2) Energy-saving and green buildings can reduce the overall electricity consumption of buildings by promoting green buildings, improving energy efficiency of buildings and strengthening the implementation of low-carbon life. The goal is to reduce the electricity consumption of commercial buildings by 30% to 40% compared with 2015, and the electricity consumption of residential buildings by 20% to 30% by 2050; and to achieve half of the above targets by 2035. (3) Green transportation By promoting the electrification of vehicles and ferries, developing new energy vehicles and improving traffic management measures, the long-term goal of zero vehicle emissions and zero carbon emissions in the transportation sector will be achieved by 2050. The SAR government will stop new registration of fuel and hybrid private cars by 2035. While promoting electric buses and commercial vehicles, it plans to cooperate with franchised bus companies and other stakeholders to pilot hydrogen fuel cells in the next three years Buses and heavy vehicles. contain

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

(g) ensure that, if the agency operates a fleet of at least 20 motor vehicles, the agency, relative to agency baselines for fiscal year 2005, (i) reduces the fleet's total consumption of petroleum products by 2 percent annually through the end of fiscal year 2015, (ii) increases the total fuel consumption that is non-petroleum-based by 10 percent annually, and (iii) uses plug- in hybrid (PIH) vehicles when PIH vehicles are commercially available at

USA

North America

1. Vision 2020: Adopted in 2000, Vision 2020 as the country development roadmap seeks to transform Rwanda from an agrarian country of per capita income of USD 220 in 2000, to a knowledge-based middle income country of per capita income of USD 1240 by year 2020. Founded on six thematic and three cross-cutting pillars, Vision 2020 recognizes sustainable environmental and climate change management as a cross-cutting pivotal area to the realization of national aspirations. It recognizes that the major problem in the field of environmental protection in Rwanda is the imbalance between the population and the natural resources. This leads to alarming degradation observed through massive deforestation, the depletion of biodiversity, erosion and landslides, pollution of waterways and the degradation of fragile ecosystems. To protect the environment against massive deforestation and soil destruction, Vision 2020 sets the target for the forest cover to reach 30% of national land area by year 2020 and the protection rate against erosion to rise from 20% in 2000 to 90% by year 2020. To ease the pressure on wood biomass seeing that 86.3% of the Rwandan population uses wood as the source of energy, Vision 2020 targets to drop the use of wood energy in national energy balance, to 50% by 2020 through diversification of energy sources availed to the population. In ensuring its optimal utilization in urban and rural development, Vision 2020 calls for institutional and legal reforms to ensure security of land ownership. Provision of land titles and associated legal status regularization will support the attainment of Vision 2020 pillars that are underpinned by sustainable land use management in the development of the social capital in modern economies. Productive and market oriented agriculture depend on improved land protection and productivity. Regularized land, in private sector, is crucial in easing capital investment flow and freedom of exchange responding to the markets and changing economic conditions. In infrastructure land is needed to build roads, bridges and other infrastructure, and security of tenure allows systematic management of land taxes and related revenues to contribute to financing of infrastructure development.Sustainable management of integrated water resources is relevant to achieving Vision 2020 gearing towards a productive and market oriented agriculture. Transforming into a private sector-driven economy, infrastructure, regional integration and international cooperation, as thematic pillars of Vision 2020 are important prerequisites to equitable and sustainable management of integrated water resources. To further expand the Rwandan

RWA

Sub-Saharan Africa

1.1 Objective must therefore be continuously evaluated and improved periodically by various stakeholders. 1.2 Indonesia in the context of Climate Change

IDN

East Asia & Pacific

The main emission category in the Energy sector is land transport (1A3b) with a share of 32% in 2005 and 43% in 2015 in the sector's emissions, followed by the production of electricity and heat (1A1a) with a share of 29%. in 2005 and 32% in 2015 and manufacturing and construction industries (1A2) with a participation of 29% in 2005 and 16% in 2015. These participations result from the characteristics of the Honduran energy matrix, which has a high participation of renewable energies and the relative participation of fossil fuels for the production of electricity and heat decreases (1A1a). The increase in category 1A1a emissions in 2014 is related to the reduction in hydroelectric power generation due to the drought that hit the country and reduced river flows.

HND

Latin America & Caribbean

a) Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s) b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties are to provide other relevant information d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction e) Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) f) Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators The year 2019 has been considered as the base year for the projection of emissions. The reference indicator is expressed as a percentage of decrease in GHG emissions from the baseline scenario in 2030. GHG emissions in 2019 were 409 ktCOe. NA (Not Applicable) The Guinea-Bissau contribution aims to reduce GHG emissions by 30% in 2030 compared to the baseline scenario. The unconditional contribution based on the country's own resources would lead to a 10% drop in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to the reference scenario. The conditional contribution, based on international support, would allow an additional reduction in emissions of 20%. Base year emissions were calculated from existing activity data, applying the reference approach of the IPCC 2006 guidelines and using the GWPs from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The complete national GHG inventories carried out in Guinea-Bissau covered the years 1994, 2006, 2010 and 2013. However, an operation is underway launched by Guinea-Bissau with the support of the UNDP to carry out complete inventories for recent years, probably including an update of the 2006, 2010 and 2013 inventories to harmonize the methodologies for emissions calculation.

GIN

Sub-Saharan Africa

3 Strengthening Regional Co-operation Effort has been made to conduct researches on regional strategies for developing 5.4 Finance, Technology and Capacity-Building Needs

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

The main factors determining the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions in the "Energy" sector are the dynamics and structure of energy consumption, the volume and pace of implementation of policies and measures to reduce emissions in various sectors of the economy. In the with measures (inertial) scenario, the structure of primary energy consumption by types of energy carriers in the period up to 2030 changes very slowly, due to the growth in consumption of coal and oil products. Electricity consumption is increasing and production is increasing at thermal power plants and nuclear power plants, with a rather limited contribution from non-traditional renewable energy sources. In the with additional measures (energy efficient) scenario, in contrast to the inertial one, primary energy consumption not only stabilizes, but also decreases in relation to the current level. This is due to the accelerated decline in the energy intensity of GDP.

RUS

Europe & Central Asia

The national policy aims to increase the production of biofuels in an effort to achieve the target of renewable energy sources accounting for 10% of the energy used in the transport sector by 2020. In 2018, this share of renewable energy in the transport sector was 8,9% 57. This was largely due to the blending of biofuels with diesel and gasoline (98%). The other 2% were from the use of biogas (1.5%) and electricity (0.8%). The biofuels used in 2018 were made largely from waste (72%), mostly coming from used frying fat (56%) imported from other western European countries, Asia (China and Taiwan) and North America. 28% of the biofuels were made from crops, mainly wheat and corn originating from Europe. The share of advanced biofuels was 0.8%, which is a sharp rise from 0.1% in 2017.

NLD

Europe & Central Asia

However, the NEP draft also highlights the increasing demand for energy in Fiji, the lack of improvement in Fiji's energy efficiency, underutilisation of the untapped renewable energy potential and the high dependence of the transport sector on fossil fuels. All these problems are also hindering emissions reductions in the country, with the issue of the transport sector's dependence on liquid fuel being the largest in terms of Fiji's emissions profile. Around 60 per cent of the country's energy emissions are attributed just to the land transport sector. To combat the energyrelated issues, targets have been set that are aligned with the SE4all initiative (see later), and specific policies have been adopted in the respective areas of grid-based power supply. rural electrification, renewable energy, transport, petroleum and substitute fuels and energy efficiency.

FJI

East Asia & Pacific

The analysis shows that the final energy consumption in the WEM scenario will grow for 1.3 Mtoe by 2050 or by 73% compared to 2017 (Figure 17). Currently, 1/3 of the final energy is consumed by the transport sector, another third by the residential sector, 21% by the industry, 12% by the commercial sector, and around 1% in agriculture. By 2050, the highest increase is estimated for consumption in the industry sector (from 0.4 Mtoe to 1.2 Mtoe), which is related to the GDP growth projections. Over the analysed period, a significant increase of 55% (around 0.3 Mtoe) is also estimated for the consumption in the transport sector. The consumption in the commercial sector will grow for 0.08 Mtoe and in the residential sector for 0.07 Mtoe, which represents an increase of 38% and 13%, respectively, over the period 2017 - 2050. In terms of the share in the final energy consumption in 2050, the highest share will have the industry sector - 38%, followed by the transport sector - 30%, then the residential sector with 21% and commercial sector with 10%, while the remaining 1% will be for the agriculture sector.

MKD

Europe & Central Asia

Other important low carbon priorities that have significant adaptation benefits are conservation tillage and limiting the use of fire in cropland and rangeland management, which have the potential to abate 1.1 and 1.2 MtCOe by 2030, respectively. Priority adaptation actions to increase climate resilience include the promotion of drought tolerant crops, water harvesting, integrated soil fertility management, insurance schemes, price stabilization schemes for livestock, strategic food reserves, providing farmers and pastoralists with climate change-related information, and mainstreaming climate change into agricultural extension services.

KEN

Sub-Saharan Africa

• Integration of conversion processes into an energy system with a high proportion of fluctuating renewable energy sources, • Methane pyrolysis for the controlled, climate-neutral splitting of methane into hydrogen and elementary carbon, • Decentralized approaches that contribute to the long-term stability and security of the energy system.

DEU

Europe & Central Asia

In case where the electricity produced from renewable energies is transported through the national electrical supply network, a contract fixing the technical, financial and commercial conditions in particular for the electricity transmission is concluded between the company from project and the public organization. In the event of realization of a hot line of electricity transmission, the dealer deals with all the expenses of his realization and his maintenance. The property of the aforementioned line is obligatorily transferred on a purely free basis at the public organization as of completion from its realization.

TUN

Middle East & North Africa

taking measures to mitigate the negative impact of the environmental crisis in the Aral Sea region: a) the Strategy for the transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to a "green" economy for the period of 2030 (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy) in accordance with Appendix No. 1, identifying the priority areas for its implementation: 2019 improving the energy efficiency of the basic sectors of the economy; diversification of energy consumption and development of the use of renewable energy sources: adaptation and mitigation of climate change, increasing the efficiency of natural resource use and preserving natural ecosystems; development of financial and non-financial mechanisms to support the green>> economy; b) target indicators for the implementation of the Strategy, which provide for: reduction of specific greenhouse gas emissions per unit of gross domestic product by 10% from the level of 2010; energy efficiency and the indicator of doubling the carbon intensity of gross domestic product; further development of renewable energy sources, bringing their share to more than 25% of the total electricity generation; providing access to modern, inexpensive and reliable energy supply to reduce 100% of the population and sectors of the economy; modernizing the infrastructure of industrial enterprises, ensuring their sustainability by increasing energy efficiency by at least 20% and increasing the use of clean and environmentally friendly technologies and industrial modernizing the infrastructure of industrial enterprises, ensuring their sustainability by increasing energy efficiency by at least 20% and increasing the use of clean and environmentally friendly technologies and industrial processes:

UZB

Europe & Central Asia

On the other hand, the construction sector will require a large number of duly trained professionals to undertake the objectives of energy rehabilitation of built buildings, as well as the construction standards of new buildings. The transition towards climate neutrality requires a profound change in the culture of energy use in Spain, with implications for access to information, social awareness, basic education and technical and professional training. Spain will only be among the leading European countries in the global energy transition if it has qualified human capital for the task.

ESP

Europe & Central Asia

Rice. 14. Scenarios for the development of the electric power industry Factors Energy Efficiency Tsenaga Share of VIZ and Alternative Sources Trajectory Generation Rate (Installed Capacity) Coal Generation Gas Generation A3C Viz Characteristic ca Base Green (expensive ra) Decrease by 45 relative to Removal of willingly frozen scenario Maintaining current low prices High : $300 USA. per ha 300 hp/ac 2050. 50% of output Significant growth until 2050 (at Baz or current level) Transfer of CHP plants in large cities to gas and under new capacities to balance CV Moderate growth until 2030 (at 4as or rcurrent level) Green dosh ice cream scenario Nika150 USD US.3 by 2050 Same as base case Maintain until 2030 at current level, decreasing after 2030 by decommissioning old capacities Similar to the baseline scenario, but also replacing coal-fired power plants In all scenarios: Construction of 1.5 GW by 2030 and 2 GW by 2050. In all scenarios: Introduction of 4.6 GW of VZS and one GW of SPP by 2030 G. Solar power stations

KAZ

Europe & Central Asia

(d) the number of compliance units transferred to each participant for each fuel. (ii) the heat energy produced by the equipment and used or sold, expressed in megajoules, (iv) the number of provisional compliance units created pursuant to subsection 100(2) of these Regulations by the importation of the fuel;

CAN

North America

This is a green infrastructure program under the Investing in Canada plan”. The $200 million Emerging Renewables Program was launched in February 2018 to support the deployment of emerging renewable energy technologies and expand the portfolio of commercially viable renewable energy sources including available to provinces and territories that are working to reduce GHG emissions from their electricity sector. The call for proposals was launched on February 26, 2018 and closed on April 20, 2018. Four projects have since been announced; with $29.8 million in funding for a tidal energy project in the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, $25.6 million for a deep geothermal energy project near Estevan, Saskatchewan, $15.3 million for a solar power project near Suffield, Alberta, and $25.4 million for a deep geothermal power project in the Municipal District of Greenview. These regulations made under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 apply a performance standard to new coal-fired power plants and existing thermal power plants at the end of their life (generally 45 to 50 years). Amendments to the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Regulations - Coal-fired Electricity Sector, which were finalized and published in Canada Gazette Part II on December 12, 2018, require all power generating stations in the coal meet an emissions performance standard of 420 tonnes of carbon dioxide per gigawatt hour of electricity produced (tonne of CO,/GWh) by 2030, at the latest. This performance standard aims to phase out electricity generation from coal-fired power plants by the end of their useful life or by 2030, whichever comes first. The program will invest up to $100 million to accelerate the transition to a clean growth economy by making better use of existing power plant capacity, increasing the penetration of renewable energy generation, increasing reliability, resiliency and agility of the electrical grid while maintaining cybersecurity and reducing GHG emissions. Twenty projects were selected to receive funding under this program. This is a green infrastructure program under the Investing in Canada > plan.

CAN

North America

The transport sector is the primary consumer of petroleum products, accounting for almost three quarters of final energy consumption, which exerts a strong impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Alternative means of road transport only account for a small proportion of transport emissions. Progress is being made in the use of renewable energy in transport: the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption in the transport sector must reach 10% by 2020. This share was 7.7% in 2014.

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

The Paris Agreement was adopted in December 2015 and entered into force in November 2016. The EU ratified the agreement in October 2016. The Finnish national ratification was completed in November 2016. The EU's joint nationally determined contribution (NDC)3 under the Paris Agreement is to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55 per cent by 2030 from the 1990 level. According to the EU Climate and Energy Package 2030, as in the EU's Climate and Energy Package 2020 before, the emissions reduction obligations are divided between the EU Emissions Trading System (EU level target) and the non-ETS emissions4 (Member-State level targets). In addition, the LULUCF sector5 is now part of the Member-State level obligations. According to the EU Climate and Energy Package 2030, the reduction target from the 2005 levels in the emissions trading sector is 43 per cent and in the non-emissions trading sector it is 30 per cent. The share of renewable energy in the EU is to be increased by 32 per cent and energy efficiency improved, indicatively, by 32.5 per cent. In the Effort Sharing Regulation, Finland's target for emission reductions in 2030 compared to the 2005 level is 39 per cent.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

Chapter 3 Direction for Accelerating the Realization of a Hydrogen Society “The National Green Hydrogen Strategy (November 2020) aims to produce the cheapest green hydrogen by 2030 in order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Chile has more than 1,800 GW of renewable energy. Given the potential, the company aims to invest $5 billion to produce 200,000 tons of green hydrogen per year by 2025. 35 Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water Hydrogen Headstart program 36 Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water Guarantee of Origin scheme」 37 Ministry of Energy National Green Hydrogen Strategy]

JPN

East Asia & Pacific

Service management mode to create a new model city. Chenggong New Low-Carbon District in Kunming, Yunnan: Effectively transform the urban economic development mode, vigorously develop the tertiary industry and urban low-carbon agriculture, adhere to the construction concept of industry-city integration and public transport-led development, optimize urban space through scientific urban low-carbon planning Layout, strengthen the application of renewable energy, vigorously develop low-carbon buildings, and build a modern city that integrates lakes and mountains, and integrates human landscapes and natural landscapes with environmental protection, gardening, and sustainable development. Huashan Ecological New City, Wuhan, Hubei: focus on developing low-carbon industries such as software research and development, ports and bonded logistics, tourism and health preservation, build Huashan Ecological Art Museum, strengthen demonstration applications of photovoltaic power generation, and achieve a new energy utilization rate of over 15% to achieve full coverage of green buildings. The green transportation travel rate is greater than 40%, the reclaimed water reuse rate is 40%, and a world-class eco-city and a new-type urbanization demonstration area have been built. Jiangsu Wuxi Zhongrui Low Carbon Eco-city: In accordance with the principles of sustainable urban function, sustainable ecological environment, sustainable energy utilization, sustainable water resource utilization, sustainable solid waste treatment, sustainable green transportation and sustainable building design, Focus on the construction of low-carbon exhibition centers, garbage collection systems, ecological residential quarters and other low-carbon projects, and create a low-carbon ecological demonstration area with complete self-balancing development, construction and operation capabilities that can be demonstrated and promoted. The second section will carry out low-carbon parks, commercial and community pilot low-carbon parks. Carry out in-depth low-carbon industrial parks and low-carbon industrial park pilot projects, and build a number of low-carbon industrial demonstration parks with high standards. Strengthen the low-carbon planning of the park and optimize the park Industrial chain and production organization model, low-carbon energy supply and utilization, low-carbon logistics, low-carbon logistics in the construction of parks

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Useful information about possible future climate and their impacts can be obtained the smaller scales needed for many climate impact studies. There is high confidence the most advanced tools currently available for simulating the response of the global

TZA

Sub-Saharan Africa

Reductionsin positive emissions are similar across the UK. Scotland contributes to 8% of all abatement action across the Sixth Carbon Budget period and 9% in 2050 in our Balanced Net Zero Pathway, compared to 10% of UK emissions in 2018. Scotland is likely to also have a significant share of UK greenhouse gas removal. • Wales contributes to 9% of all non-GGR abatement action across the Sixth Carbon Budget period and 8% in 2050 in our Balanced Net Zero Pathway, compared to 8% of UK emissions in 2018.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

15. Objective: To produce adequate, high quality, reliable and efficient power supply to meet economic and social development needs of Ghana and for export. including increasing access to renewable energy technologies so as to achieve: 10% penetration in terms of installed capacity by 2020" 118. 30% penetration of rural electrification via renewable energy technologies by 2020. 117. Three alternative expansion plans for meeting the electricity supply requirements have been provided: Option One is an expansion plan based on natural gas and 10 percent renewable energy by installed capacity by 2020. Option Two is an expansion plan based on natural gas, Bui Hydropower project and 10 percent renewable energy by installed capacity by 2020. Option Three is an expansion plan based on natural gas, Bui Hydropower project, nuclear power and 10 percent renewable energy by installed capacity by 2020. 10 percent penetration of renewables in the generation mix is the optimum proportion Fuel supply options to the Osagyefo Power Barge

GHA

Sub-Saharan Africa

Alignment with National and Territorial Just Transition Plans Through the National Energy and Climate Plan, the Greek Government has committed to decommissioning all lignite-fired power plants by 2023 - with the exception of the "Ptolemaida V" plant which is expected to continue operating until 2028. This commitment is linked to key targets of the ESEK for the mitigation of climate change and the transition to "green" energy, and towards a climate neutral economy by 2050. The phasing out of lignite power generation creates on the one hand multiple economic and social challenges for the affected areas, and in particular Western Macedonia and Megalopolis, and on the other hand the need for a new balanced, sustainable development model. In order to ensure the economic and socially just transition of these regions, the Greek government has drawn up and adopted the National Just Transition Plan, an integrated strategic plan that includes a mix of interventions and measures for the economic and productive diversification of transition regions, in the wider context of the ESEK, the EU Green Deal and the Energy Charter for 2050.

GRC

Europe & Central Asia

The Enabling Activities for the prompt ratification of the Kigali Amendment (2024-2045) are a project planned by MINAE in order to gradually reduce the consumption of HFCs starting in 2024. The goal of these activities will be calculated from 2023 when the baseline is available. The PND (2018-2050) is the main policy instrument for climate action in Costa Delicious. The goals are set at horizons 2030 and 2050 mainly.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Table 31: Mitigation measure 10 Status Title of the mitigation measure Reforestation and restoration of forest landscapes in the prefectures of Togo Title of the indicator Ongoing Institution in charge of implementation MERF Duration 2020-2029 Sector and sub- Forestry sector Indicator reference value Radius of action National The CO emissions that will be absorbed by the implementation of this project are estimated at 12644.36Gg CO-e Methodology and assumptions Quantitative objectives Objective of the mitigation measure It is aims to increase the rate of forest cover to 30% by 2050, to reduce the direct factors and indirect factors of aggravation of the country's vulnerability in terms of the degradation of forest resources and to respond to political and techniques on land degradation at the national, regional and local level for the effective fight against the consequences of these hazards. Activities planned as part of the mitigation measure Year to which the reference value and the objective refer Absorption of 12,644.36 Gg CO-e The Togolese government, in its declaration of forest policy aims to achieve 30% of forest cover by 2050 while improving local governance of forest resources. This policy, which will guide actions for the next 30 years, clearly displays its objectives which are, among others: improvement of the institutional and legal frameworks of the forestry sector, promotion of sustained forestry production, restoration of natural forests degraded areas and the conservation of biodiversity, the development of new forestry partnerships, the development of forestry research, so many challenges that the government intends to take up together with local communities, the private sector and civil society, for the sustainable development of Togo. This is part of the respect of the commitments made by the country at the international level in the Paris agreement at COP 21 where Togo announced its ambition to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 11.14%. (GHG) unconditionally through forest management and reforestation by 2030 (CDNS, 2015). Estimated result and estimated reduction of GHG emissions concerned CO Methodology: In the FAT sub-sector: the COMAP tool (Comprehensive Mitigation Assessment Process for forestry) was used to develop mitigation scenarios in accordance with the recommendations of the UNFCCC. For the estimation of carbon sequestration for this mitigation measure, the REFROTN sub-model (Reforestation and

TGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

In Slovenia, the Decree on renewable energy sources in transport (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 64/16) has been in force since 2016. The Decree defines the obligations of fuel suppliers who have to achieve an energy share of renewable energy in a calendar year - at least 6.2% in 2017, at least 7.0% in 2018, minimum 8.4% in 2019, and a minimum of 10.0% in 2020. A portion of renewable energy sources is obtained by the energy supplier through the sale of biofuels compatible with criteria of sustainability, electricity from renewable energy sources, hydrogen from renewable energy sources and a combination of these fuels. The Decree, in accordance with the EU Directive 2015/1513, limits the maximum contribution of biofuels, which are produced from cereals and other field crops with a high content of starch, plants for the production of sugar, oilseeds and crops, which are grown on agricultural land as main crops specifically for energy purposes, in 2020 to 7% of final transport energy consumption in the country. The NECP sets an objective for biofuels in transport for 2030 at 11%, whereby the share of advanced biofuels must be increased in accordance with the EU Directive 2018/2001. The target share of RES in transport equals 21% according to the NECP. In 2018, the share of RES in transport was 5.5% in Slovenia.

SVN

Europe & Central Asia

This increased in monetization of the economy, higher level of sophistication have culminated in a growing demand for energy over the last 20 years. Preference for electricity and fossil fuelled equipment has grown witnessed in a shift from traditional energy sources such as biomass to more convenient sources like nd gas. The increase and diversity in energy demand together with the high associated costs highlights the need for a ive framework to guide and manage the growing energy sector in Samoa. Energy developments in Samoa have been fragmented with key energy providers working very much in isolation. Such an arrangement led to weak coordination with lost opportunities to synthesize common objectives and targets. Hence it is my pleasure to present this first Samoa National Energy Policy (SNEP). This policy will provide a clear direction for all energy developments in Samoa. The vision for the Samoa National Energy Policy is "to enhance the quality of life for all through access to reliable, affordable and environmentally sound energy services and supply". This vision supports the national vision for "Improved Quality of Life" as stipulated in the recent Strategy for the Development of Samoa. In support of the Energy sector vision, the overarching goal is "to increase the share and contribution of renewable energy in mass production and energy services and supply by 20% by year 2030". This would be achieved with the successful implementation of the strategies and associated activities relating to, Energy Planning and Management, Petroleum, Electricity, Transport and Renewable Energy. Energy efficiency and conservation, environmental and social aspects, human and institutional capacity, capital resource constraints, legal framework, promotion and dissemination of information and other cross cutting issues are addressed and reflected under these 5 strategic areas. In formulating the Samoa National Energy Policy, a taskforce comprising of key energy stakeholders compiled a first draft based on information and data gathered from all energy stakeholders. Feedback from several workshops conducted in both Upolu and Savaii helped improve this draft and was then circulated again to respective energy stakeholders for further comments. Needless to say, this was a highly consultative document.

WSM

East Asia & Pacific

Turning the Corner (to begin in parallel with the Starting Right stage and continue to 2025) • Massive Rollout (2025 to 2050) those that focus on planning; institutional regulatory considerations; project implementation; financing; the desired outcome, providing capabilities and overcoming barriers to change. Complementarity and sequencing

ZAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

(b) Strengthening the comprehensive use of bulk solid waste We will enhance the comprehensive utilization level and increase the multipurpose utilization rates of mineral resources. We will support the large-scale utilization of waste in manner that maximizes proportion and value with a focus on bulk solid wastes including coal gangue, coal fly ash, tailings, associated minerals, smelting slag, byproduct gypsum, construction refuse, and crop straw, and encourage the use of such waste as a substitute for raw non-metallic minerals and gravel. On the condition of being safe and eco-friendly, we will explore the use of phosphogypsum in improving soil, back filling underground mines, and preparing sub-grade for roads. The recycling of construction wastes will be promoted, and the in-situ reclamation and use of abandoned pavement materials will be widely applied. We will accelerate the recycling of crop straw in a way that maximizes its value by refining systems for purchase, storage, and transportation, while strictly enforcing the burning ban. We will also speed up efforts to carry out demonstration projects for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. By 2025, the amount of bulk solid waste recycled annually will reach around 4 billion metric tons, rising to about 4.5 billion by 2030. (c) Refining systems for resource recycling

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

Curbside pickup of individual types of non-organic waste (separation from source with revised collection system); (iv) Material recovery facilities and composting facilities in selected regions on the island. Upgrading only the landfill will not solve the problem of methane gas emissions unless what is actually brought to the landfill is managed systematically. In order to achieve this goal, upgrades and equipment will be required to the amount of US$3,008,921.00.

DMA

Latin America & Caribbean

CCUS technology captures carbon dioxide from power generation, low carbon hydrogen production and industrial processes, storing it deep underground where it cannot enter the atmosphere. This technology will be globally necessary, but no one country has yet captured the market. The UK has an unrivalled asset - our North Sea, that can be used to store captured carbon under the seabed. Developing CCUS infrastructure will contribute to the economic transformation of the UK's industrial regions, enhancing the long-term competitiveness of UK industry in a global net zero economy. It will help decarbonise our most challenging sectors, provide low carbon power and a pathway to negative emissions. We will establish CCUS in two industrial clusters by mid 2020s, and aim for four of these sites by 2030, capturing up to 10 Mt of carbon dioxide per year. Developed alongside hydrogen, we can create these transformative "SuperPlaces" in areas such as the heart of the North East, the Humber, North West and in Scotland and Wales. Our 1 billion CCUS Infrastructure Fund will provide industry with the certainty required to deploy CCUS at pace and at scale. These clusters will be the starting point for a new carbon capture industry, which could support up to 50,000 jobs in the UK by 2030, including a sizeable export potential. Alongside this, we will bring forward details in 2021 of a revenue mechanism to bring through private sector investment in industrial carbon capture and hydrogen projects, to provide the certainty investors require. Investing in carbon capture usage and storage could potentially deliver...

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Nova Scotia Cap and Trade System Brief Description Prince Edward Island Energy Strategy Brief Description Prince Edward Island Climate Change Action Plan Brief Description Sector Goals from the Government of Yukon Brief Description Nunavut Energy Strategy Brief Description for New Brunswick. Cross-cutting All GHGs Cross-cutting Reduce GHG emissions across Nova Scotia's economy As part of the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change, Nova Scotia has committed to implement a cap and trade system. Intersectoral CO CO, CH, NO Regulatory Nova Scotia Measure planned Reduce energy use and develop renewable energies CO Other Prince Edward Island Reduce emissions and increase Other climate resilience Measure adopted Lile-du- Prince Edward Island has developed a ten-year strategy to reduce energy consumption, establish cleaner, local energy sources and moderate energy price increases. This strategy is based on three principles: reducing GHG emissions, cost-effectiveness and creating local economic opportunities. Cross-sector AD NE Prince Edward Island TBD NE Planned Action Prince Edward Island is currently updating its Climate Change Action Plan, which is expected in 2018. Minimize the increase in Yukon Regulations 2012 overall Yukon emissions 2016/2017 NE Action taken NE NE* NE NE NE in industry. In addition, in 2009 the government committed to reducing GHG emissions by 20% by 2015 (from 2010 levels) and becoming carbon neutral by 2020. Cross-sector CO Other Nunavut Measure 2006 NE Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption Adopted In its Energy Strategy, the Government of Nunavut set a goal to reduce the territory's dependence on imported fuels through conservation and NE

CAN

North America

Post-combustion CCS option CCS oxyfuel combustion Status of development 18 plants are reported in different stages of development, 3 of them in operation, while the rest are in an early or advanced stage of development, indicating their entry into operation before the end of the decade ( 2030). These developments are taking place mainly in the United States, Canada, China, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. There, applications are identified in the sectors of power generation, hydrogen production and cement. Regarding the size or capacity of the capture systems, they vary from 350 kt/year to 6 Mt/year (Global CCS Institute, 2020). The current state of development are demonstration plants mainly in the production of cement. Additionally, the Global CCS Institute has identified a plant in an advanced state of development for the production of hydrogen (2025) in the United States and two plants under construction for the generation of energy from waste (WtE, for its acronym in English) in United States (Global CCS Institute, 2020). Costs CO capture and purification costs vary greatly by point source, from $15-60/t CO for concentrated CO streams, $40-80/t CO for coal and gas power plants, to more than 100 USD/t CO for small and dilute point sources. Transportation costs are in the range of 1.3 and 15.1 USD (2015)/t CO-250 km depending on the location and length of the pipeline (Budinis, et al., 2018). The cost of storage depends on the type and place of storage and is in the range of 1.6 to 31.4 USD (2015)/t CO including deep saline formations (Budinis, et al., 2018). It is estimated that the capture of CO in a cement plant using oxyfuel combustion can be around 60 dollars per ton of CO captured (Li, Tharakan, Macdonald, & Liang, 2013). On the other hand, the costs of transport and storage of CO, apply the same described for CCS after combustion since both alternatives belong to the same group or type, carbon capture and storage (CCS).

COL

Latin America & Caribbean

Energy sector, and more specifically actions on the electricity sector, mobility and construction. In this sense, it is expected to reduce energy intensity by a minimum of 20%, with an increase in national electricity production (which will be more than 75% from renewable sources) of 33% of electricity demand. More specifically in the subsector of fuel combustion activities, for road transport the reduction set is 50% of the GHG emissions produced by internal transport. To this end, among some of the planned actions, Law 21/2018, of September 13, promoting the energy transition and climate change, establishes the reduction of GHG emissions by increasing the percentage of vehicles with electric propulsion of the national car park of passenger cars up to 20% by the year 2030. Regarding the building sector, any new construction is designed and executed to achieve a building with almost zero energy consumption, as is also regulated per the aforementioned Law.

AND

Europe & Central Asia

Trends in Estonia Economic development and increasing welfare result in inc- reasing energy consumption. In recent years the consump- tion of energy has grown by up to 18 percent per year (elect- ric energy) and a stable annual increase of 5-7 percent in energy consumption is predicted for the future. At the same time, energy conservation has not developed at all. It is only in the recent years that a steep rise in the prices of energy sources (liquid fuels) and heat has created increasing interest in energy saving. Due to growing consumption of electric energy in the Baltic States and Nordic countries, exports of electric energy are Increasing. As a result, the current share of oil shale in the primary energy balance persists. If the volume of consump- tion of oil shale (currently approximately 15 million tons per year) does not decrease, new mines will have to be opened in 15 years; should the consumption volume increase, that need would be realised even earlier. The poor technical condition of (some) district heating ne- tworks (and production facilities) reduces the advantages of district heating and necessitates the transfer to local heating which is an inefficient solution for the regional heating sys- tem and restricts the potential of combined heat and power production. When compared to the year 1991, the production of heat has declined by nearly 2.4 times and stabilised at the level of 8-9 TWh per year. Recent trends suggest that the price of gas will rise in Estonia soon, thus hindering the introduction of gas as fuel in the near future. The competitive ability of biofuels is being inhibited by the rise in prices resulting from the decrease of resources and increase of processing costs, with the prices of local biofuels being comparable to these prevailing in the world market due to the large volume of exports. The volume of firewood stock will decrease by up to two ti- mes by the year 2015, mainly due to changes in the species composition and age structure of standing crop. On the other hand, owing to processing and logistic costs the energy po- tential of logging waste has not been realised yet. From the beginning of the 1990s untill 2002 the emissions of CO, per inhabitant decreased significantly, but remained relatively high still when compared to the average level of Europe. In terms of emissions per unit area,

EST

Europe & Central Asia

b. How the Nationally Determined Contribution contributes to Article 2(1)(a) and Article 4(1) of the Paris Agreement NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION - CHAD. This level should be reached in sufficient time for ecosystems to be able to adapt naturally to climate change, for food production not to be threatened and for economic development to continue in a sustainable manner. In the case of Chad, the degradation of terrestrial ecosystems of Lake Chad and food production is largely significant. The threats are likely to be irreversible. This revised NDC contributes to the achievement of Article 2 of the Convention in terms of preserving the country's ecosystems and promoting food production. This contribution is based on a growing political will covering the strengthening of the non-conditional contribution and the integration of climate change into the sectoral priorities of the Government's policy. The proposed measures are based on the policies, measures, strategies and plans in force in the Republic of Chad. The measures proposed in the revised NDC should not endanger the socio-economic development of the country. Which should not endanger natural ecosystems, food production. It should be recalled that the Paris Agreements on Climate Change underline: - In paragraph 1 of paragraph 1 of article 2 that containing the rise in the average temperature of the planet clearly below 2C compared to pre-industrial levels and pursuing action to limit temperature rise to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels, on the understanding that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change. - With a view to achieving the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2, the Parties shall seek to achieve the global cap on greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, it being understood that capping will take longer time for developing country Parties, and to make reductions promptly thereafter in accordance with the best available science so as to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of GHGs over the course of the second half of the century, on the basis of equity, and in the context of the sustainable development of the fight against poverty. In the case of Chad, the country records insignificant GHG emissions. Nevertheless, this revised NDC contributes to contributing to the achievement of Article 2 and Article 4 of the

TCD

Sub-Saharan Africa

The government approved the First official report of the Third National Action Plan on Climate Change. The paper summarizes the progress made on the measures aimed at introducing lowcarbon, energy-efficient and non-waste technologies, the recycling and recovery of more waste contributing not only to the overall reduction of greenhouse gas emissions but also to increasing productivity and resource efficiency. Implementation of measures creates opportunities for new sources of growth and jobs through cost savings, market innovation and better resource management. The overall effect of the implementation of sectoral policies and measures ensures the achievement of the legally binding targets for our country in international and national terms, with an annual reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 10 060 537 tCO2 eq. implementation of the Plan. Besides the leading role of the competent institutions it underlines the specific role and functions of municipalities. A special feature of the activities on climate change is that they cover a large number of institutions and bodies both from the central and the local authorities because of their horizontal and cross-cutting nature.

BGR

Europe & Central Asia

Poland contributes to the activities towards climate change mitigation undertaken by the international community - as a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change since 1994 and to the Kyoto Protocol - since 2002. In the first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol, Poland committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in 2008-2012 by 6%, compared to the base year. In the second commitment period, established in the Doha Amendment, the European Union, its Member States and Iceland committed to reduce their average annual greenhouse gas emissions in the years 2013-2020 under joint fulfilment of commitments. The common reduction target was expressed as a commitment to achieve average annual emissions of 80% of the total emissions of all countries in the base years (tab. 4.1). Poland established the year 1988 as the base year for carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (NO) emissions, whereas for SF6, fluorinated HFCs and PFCs - the year 1995, and for NF3 - the year 2000.

POL

Europe & Central Asia

Table 2.1.1.7: Information on source category 1A1a Main activity electricity and heat production, gaseous fuels / CO Sector Category Source/Fuel/Gas Key Category? Energy 1A1 Energy Industries 1A1a Main activity electricity and heat production, gaseous fuels / CO, Tier 1: Yes: 1990 (L), 2016 (L. T); Tier 2: Yes: 1990 (L), 2018 (L, T) (1A1 Energy Industries - aggregated) Sum of emissions from main activity producers of electricity generation, combined heat and power generation, and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilises) are defined as those Category Description / Definiundertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be in public or private ownership. Emissions from own on-site use of fuel should be included. Emissions from autoproducers should be assigned to the sector where they were generated and not under 1A1a. Country Detail In the RM electricity generation capacity include: Moldavian Thermal Power Plant (MTPP) in Dnestrovsk (on the left bank of the Dniester River) with an installed capacity of 2,520 MW; CHP-2 Chisinau, with an installed capacity of 240 MW and 1,200 Gcalh heat capacity: CHP-1 Chisinau, with an installed capacity of 66 MW and 254 Gealth heat capacity, CHP-North Balti, with an installed capacity of 24 MW and 200 Gcal/h heat capacity: other power plants, including CHP owned by sugar plants with an installed capacity of 97.5 MW operating on natural gas and residual fuel oil, built during 1956-1981. In recent years, renewable energy sources of small power are being developed. Their total capacity in 2015 represented 5 MW of electric power, while in 2016-circa 6.9 MW. In the RM, within 1990-2016, the share of gaseous fuels (natural gases) from total fuel consumption within category 1A1a increased from 44.4 per cent to 97.6 per cent. In 2016 was made the transition from an average NCV to an annual average NCV for natural gases, based on the

MDA

Europe & Central Asia

Under the revised EU ETS Directive", one single EU ETS cap covers the EU Member States and the three participating non-EU Member States (Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein), i.e. there are no further differentiated caps by country. For allowances allocated to the EU ETS sectors, annual caps have been set for the period from 2013 to 2020, these decrease by 1.74% annually, starting from the average level of allowances issued by Member States for the second trading period (2008-2012). The annual caps imply interim targets for emission reductions in sectors covered by the EU ETS for each year until 2020. For further information on the EU ETS and for information on the use of flexible mechanisms in the EU ETS see the EU-BR1 (Chapter 4.2.2) and EU-BR2 (Chapter 3.1). Non-ETS emissions are addressed under the Effort Sharing Decision (ESD)." The ESD covers emissions from all sources outside the EU ETS, except for emissions from international maritime, domestic and international aviation (which were included in the EU ETS from 1 January 2012) and emissions and removals from land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF). It thus includes a diverse range of small-scale emitters in a wide range of sectors: transport (cars, trucks), buildings (in particular heating), services, small industrial installations, fugitive emissions from the energy sector, emissions of fluorinated gases from appliances and other sources, agriculture and waste. Such sources currently account for about 55% of total GHG emissions in the EU.2 While the EU ETS target is to be achieved by the EU as a whole, the ESD target was divided into national targets to be achieved individually by each Member State (Figure 3.1). In the Effort Sharing Decision national emission targets for 2020 are set, expressed as percentage changes from 2005 levels. For Slovakia, this percentage changes from 2005 levels are +13%. These changes have been

SVK

Europe & Central Asia

sustainable green energy mix and to further decarbonizing the electricity generation sector will be set out in RMI's forthcoming Electricity Roadmap. 14. This 2050 Strategy shows that by 2050, RMI can nearly achieve its goal of reaching zero emissions. In order to achieve these results without the use of GHG offsets, significant changes to energy policy and in-use technologies are needed. 15. A comparison of the NDC to the three illustrative Scenarios in 2030 and 2050 shows the following projection on 2010 levels:

MHL

East Asia & Pacific

10.7 Market-based instruments In 2006, Government published a draft Environmental Fiscal Reform Policy Paper entitled A Framework for Considering Market-Based Instruments to Support Environmental Fiscal Reform in South Africa. This policy paper recognised the role for environmentally-related taxes to complement existing regulatory policy interventions and address environmental problems such as climate change. Government has since introduced the following climate change-related measures: the electricity generation levy; motor vehicle emissions tax; the levy on incandescent light bulbs complemented by a range of tax incentive measures to support renewable energy investments (depreciation allowances for renewable electricity generation and biofuels production); investments in projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (that is, income tax exemption for revenues from the sale of certified emission reduction units resulting from CDM projects); biodiversity conservation and management; and the proposed energy efficiency savings tax allowances. As part of the process of exploring more comprehensive reforms for addressing climate change, the National Treasury published the carbon tax discussion paper entitled Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The Carbon Tax Option for public comments in December 2010. The paper elaborated on the role for carbon taxes as a policy measure to stimulate behaviour changes among producers and consumers in favour of less energy intensive, lower-carbon emitting alternatives. 10.7.1 Carbon Pricing

ZAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

nutrition security of poor households with a particular focus on women and vulnerable groups in and degradation, this project contributes towards climate change mitigation. Due to the reduced burning of biomass in fuel efficient stoves, and consequent reduced emissions from deforestation

IRL

Europe & Central Asia

The Climate Action Plan which we launched in 2016 comprehensively outlines our mitigation and adaptation plans. As our geography limits the potential for alternative energy sources, our key strategy remains to improve energy efficiency in all sectors of our economy. From 2000 to 2014, Singapore's economy grew at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.5% while our emissions grew at a slower CAGR of 2.0%. We are well on track to achieve our 2009 Copenhagen pledge to reduce emissions by 16% below our business-as-usual (BAU) level in 2020. We will build on these efforts as we work under the Paris Agreement to further reduce our emissions intensity by 36% from 2005 levels by 2030, and to stabilise our emissions with the aim of peaking around 2030.

SGP

East Asia & Pacific

Beech floor, that extends from 800 to 2,000 m above sea level, and; Alpine pastures floor, that extends from 1,800 to 2,700 m above sea level. 6 MOEFWA and UNDP, 2009

ALB

Europe & Central Asia

buildings exceed the country's energy efficiency and energy consumption standards, and that their remaining and C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. Many have internal (through their statutory planning documents) and mitigation. The private sector action is being driven by a growth in understanding of the business opportunities,

ZAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

Status: This is the original version (as it was originally enacted). Duty not to exceed annual carbon dioxide emissions limit Energy Act 2013 (32) PART 2- Electricity Market Reform CHAPTER 8-Emissions performance standard Document Generated: 2023-04-26

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

(2012) General Law on Climate Change, Official Gazette of the Federation Government of the Republic (2013), National Climate Change Strategy Vision 10-20-40 Special climate change program 2014-2018 (2014)

MEX

Latin America & Caribbean

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the sources within the scope of the scheme by 21% compared to their 2005 levels is set for all EU Member States through a linear factor for reducing the permitted emission caps for the sectors under the ETS. For the non-ETS sectors Bulgaria has an individual commitment allowing an increase in emissions by 20% compared to their 2005 level. The national objectives of the Member States, in terms of share of renewables in the final energy consumption by 2020 range from 10% to 49%. Bulgaria's goal is set at 16%, including 10% share of biofuels in the final consumption of transport fuels.

BGR

Europe & Central Asia

This National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2018-2022 builds on the strong foundation laid during the implementation of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2013-2017, and the Climate Change Act. NCCAP 2018-2022 sets out bold measures to ensure that our development remains sustainable in the event of any adverse climate change impacts, including droughts, floods, and other extreme climate events that have in the recent past occasioned far-reaching negative implications on our economy. A key action during the 2018-2022 medium-term planning period is increasing our forest cover to at least 10% of our land area, which is in line with our Constitution. This action will contribute to the protection of our water towers and the managing of flooding, which in them will translate to tangible benefits for our citizens across the different sectors. It will also contribute to the achievement of our Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement. The collective contributions of the National and County Governments, the private sector, the civil society, faith-based organisations, other non-state actors, and individual citizens to this National Climate Change Action Plan will help deliver the expected transformational outcomes. The Plan will also require the support of our development partners and other well-wishers to ensure its effective implementation for the benefit of the present and future generations.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

And qualitatively in accordance with the principles of partnership and fairness to cover current and future needs and to establish joint water projects. The national electricity system in Iraq means a deficit in generating electric power, as the average supply of electric power reached (8) eight hours per day only, which constitutes exorbitant costs to the economy represented in the lack of access to production levels and damage to capital assets due to power outages and inability To carry out normal business operations according to a reliable schedule. In addition to the above, the shortage of electric power poses great difficulties for individuals in a country such as Iraq, which is characterized by cold weather in the winter and harsh heat in the summer. Its operation has high generation costs, not to mention environmental pollution, and the emission of large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. It is estimated that the total cost incurred by the Iraqi economy due to the lack of electric power exceeded $40 billion annually. 2242 kg/day of waste resulting from household, industrial, health, oil and commercial activities is generated in Iraq, according to the Iraq Environmental Outlook Report (first report) issued at the beginning of 2014. Organic waste constitutes 55-60% of municipal waste, and the generation rate is The Iraqi individual wastes between 1,100,75 kg per day, and the traditional systems based on waste management are unable to meet the needs of society after the increase in the population, the change in consumption patterns, and the rise in the standard of living and per capita income, as the quantities of waste that are collected do not exceed, at best, 40%. of the amount of waste generated. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory The three main greenhouse gases were inventoried: carbon dioxide, CO2, methane, CH, and nitrous oxide, N, O for the year 1967 as the base year closest to 1990, with the availability of the required data and information. The revised IPCC 1996 guidelines for inventorying national greenhouse gas inventories were used. In addition to the three major gases, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NO) were also inventoried. The greenhouse gas inventories included the Energy, Industrial Processes and Waste sectors, and as defined by the guidelines

IRQ

Middle East & North Africa

4 and 4(a). The latter shall be filled with "NA" for not applicable, with the explanation "Numbers for LULUCF are not reported because this sector is not included under the Convention target". The use of flexible mechanisms takes place on the one hand by operators in the EU ETS, on the other hand by governments for the achievement of ESD targets. For information on the use in the ETS please see the Third Biennial Report of the European Union (section 3.2.2.1). The use of flexible mechanisms in Slovakia currently takes place only by operators in the EU ETS. Slovakia is not planning to use international credits in the ESD scheme for meeting the annual trajectory target. Slovakia is well on track for meeting its emission reduction targets resulting from international and EU commitments. In 2015 anthropogenic GHG emissions decreased by 44.6% compared to 1990. Considering EU commitment for sectors covered by the EU ETS and sectors not covered by the EU ETS and covered by the ESD to decrease its emissions by 20% compared to 1990 Slovakia is also on the track to meet its commitments. GHG emissions in the ETS decreased in 2015 by 16.05% compared to 2005 and ESD emissions, even Slovakia has positive target of 13% up to 2020, decreased in 2015 by 23.24% compared to 2005.

SVK

Europe & Central Asia