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By 2020, reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 8% to 10% compared to 2010; Reduce the energy consumption on GDP by 1% to 1.5% per year.

VNM

East Asia & Pacific

In the case of the production of electricity from renewable energies, with the exception of hydropower, an expansion should be aimed at that would bring the average domestic production to at least 4,400 GWh in 2020 and at least 11,400 GWh in 2035. 2 In the case of the production of electricity from hydropower, an expansion should be aimed at, with which the average domestic production in 2035 is at least 37,400 GWh. In the case of pumped storage power plants, only the production due to natural inflows is included in these reference values. 3 The Federal Council can specify further intermediate benchmark values overall or for individual technologies.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

We look forward to further work with the Green Finance Institute and Ecosystems Knowledge Network, and with other groups of experts from all relevant sectors including the Financing Nature Recovery coalition, on questions such as the future governance of nature markets. Through these approaches we will ensure that markets develop according to our principles and achieve the outcomes we want to see, helping us deliver our ambitious targets for nature recovery and move towards a net zero, climate-resilient and nature-positive future. for the ELM programme have found barriers to tenant farmers being able to engage in nature markets. 15

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Source: RAGEI of the Industrial processes and product use sector. Year 2014 (PRODUCE, 2017) The emission and conversion factors used correspond to the default values of the GL2006. Emission and conversion factors

PER

Latin America & Caribbean

GHG CO CH4 Mitigation Objectives by 2025 Intensity reduction (GHG emissions per unit of GDP) with respect to 1990 Conditional on specific additional means of implementation Reduce 29% Unconditional Reduce CO emissions intensity per unit of GDP by 24% Reduce 57 % the intensity of CH emissions per unit of GDP Reduce 48% NO the intensity of NO emissions per unit of GDP the intensity of CO emissions per unit of GDP Reduce 59% the intensity of CH emissions per unit of GDP Reduce 52 % intensity of NO emissions per unit of GDP INGEI Sectors (including LULUCF) Energy, including Transport; and Industrial Processes 22.2% of the GOINGO2012 emissions in GWP Energia; Agriculture, including Livestock; Waste; and Industrial Processes 43.2% of the GELINGE 2012 emissions in GWP Energia; Agriculture, including Livestock; Waste; and Industrial Processes 14.0% of GELINGE 2012 emissions in GW

URY

Latin America & Caribbean

4.2.6 Policy Recommendations, Priority Actions, and High Level Costing n into consideration for implementing mitigation options in land transport as part of this LEDS. Transitioning the land transport sector towards full net zero emissions over the short-, medium-, and long-term will require strategic policies and investments that catalyse and incentivise change without unduly burdening individuals, business, or government resources. Short-term mitigation actions, which can be implemented in the next one to three years include: vehicle efficiency improvements, biofuels, and NMT. XOXOXO 88 FIJI LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2018-2050

FJI

East Asia & Pacific

Colombian Government Colombia's long-term climate strategy E2050 to comply with the Paris Agreement The future belongs to everyone

COL

Latin America & Caribbean

The installed capacity will reach 350 million kilowatts, and the annual power generation will be 1.2 trillion kilowatt hours. Safe and efficient development of nuclear power. On the basis of ensuring safety, we will efficiently develop nuclear power, improve the safety level of nuclear power plants, and steadily and orderly promote nuclear power construction. In 2020, the total installed capacity will reach 58 million kilowatts. Vigorously develop wind power. Accelerate the construction of the "Three North Regions" and the Eight Great Thousands of Coastal Areas

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

List of abbreviations: The Slovak Republic places great emphasis on air quality, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, mitigation of climate change, security of supply of all types of energy and their affordability. In 2019, the Slovak Republic signed up to the commitment to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Slovakia has a balanced share of nuclear fuel and fossil fuels in gross domestic consumption. The development of the Slovak energy industry is aimed at optimizing the energy mix so that emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants decrease as much as possible while maintaining or increasing energy security and affordability of individual types of energy. According to § 88 of Act no. 251/2012 Coll. on energy and the amendment and supplementation of certain laws, as amended by the Ministry of the Interior of the SR, is responsible for developing an energy policy for a period of at least 20 years and for updating it in a five-year cycle. The integrated national energy and climate plan developed in accordance with Article 9 of Regulation EP and Council (EU) no. 2018/1999 on management of the energy union and measures in the area of climate is an update of the energy policy approved by resolution of the Government of the Slovak Republic no. 548/2014 2 05 November 2014.

SVK

Europe & Central Asia

Kyoto Protocol Land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) Marine heatwave Measures Megatonne (Mt) Mitigation Montreal Protocol Murray-Darling Basin National Cabinet National Inventory Report The Kyoto Protocol was developed through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiating process, and adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997. It is a multilateral treaty designed to limit global greenhouse gas emissions. The Protocol sets binding greenhouse gas emissions targets for developed country parties that ratified the Protocol. Nationally Determined Contributions The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol ran from 2008 to 2012. In 2012, Parties to the Kyoto Protocol agreed to the Doha Amendment, establishing a second commitment period to run from 2013 to 2020. the greenhouse gas inventory sector covering emissions and removals from land and forests caused by human activities. This sector does not include emissions from the agriculture sector, such as emissions from livestock or fertilisers applied to croplands. A period of abnormally high water temperatures relative to the average seasonal temperature in a particular region of a sea or ocean. Past, current or committed Australian, state or territory, or local government policy actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One million tonnes. The unit commonly used to express Australia's national greenhouse gas emissions. A human intervention to reduce the sources of, or enhance the sinks for, greenhouse gases. The Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in 1987. It controls the consumption and production of chemicals, such as chlorofluorocarbons, that destroy stratospheric ozone and are also potent greenhouse gases. The Protocol was amended in 2016 to control and phase down consumption and production of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which are one of the gases included in the Paris Agreement. A large area of south-eastern Australia where water flows through a system of interconnected rivers and lakes. The Basin includes 6 of Australia's 7 longest rivers and is one of the country's most significant agricultural areas, providing one-third of Australia's food supply. National Electricity Market The wholesale market through which generators sell

AUS

East Asia & Pacific

Climate change affects the sustainable development of all countries and threatens the very survival of the human species. It is among the most difficult environmental issues of the 21st century and an urgent challenge for the international community. Articles 4 and 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) invite Parties to periodically review the measures they have taken or plan to take to implement the Convention. This general description of the measures constitutes the national communication of the Partic to be submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat. The national communication must include the inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reductions, the measures taken to implement the Convention and any information that helps fulfill the obligations of each Party under the Convention. Although Burkina Faso is not a major greenhouse gas emitter, it is actively taking mitigation and adaptation measures to address global environmental issues. After having submitted its first National Communication in 2002, the Second in 2014, Burkina Faso presents in this year 2022 its Third National Communication (TCN). This Third National Communication, prepared following the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Convention Secretariat, aims to present the country's contributions and efforts to deal with climate change.. It reflects Burkina Faso's commitment to actively participate in achieving the objective of the convention, to promote sustainable development and to improve the country's capacity to deal with climate change. This commitment materializes through the promotion of energy savings, sustainable land management, smart farming practices and actions that contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions. This is why Burkina Faso, a Sahelian country with a strongly rural economy and particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of climate change, is taking the path of low-carbon and resilient development. The process of drafting this third communication was inclusive and participatory. Several national and international actors have been mobilized for this purpose. Allow me, on behalf of the Government of Burkina Faso, to say thank you to them. I address particular thanks to the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) for their financial and technical contribution. To all the experts and all the people who carried out the sectoral studies and/or participated in the elaboration of the final document of the TCN, I express the recognition and sincere gratitude of

BFA

Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 on climate change, Quebec announced its Energy Policy in April 2016, which includes five different targets that the province intends to achieve by 2030: improve the efficiency with which energy is used by 15%, reduce by 40 % the quantity of petroleum products consumed, eliminate the use of thermal coal, increase the production of renewable energies by 25% and increase the production of bioenergy by 50%. The province also plans to increase the share of renewable energies in its total electricity supply from 47% to 60.9%. In June 2017, Quebec published its first action plan (2017-2020) for the implementation of this policy. This plan contains 42 measures aimed at accelerating the transition to renewable energies and stimulating the market for electric vehicles.

CAN

North America

Improving institutional arrangements includes development and enforcement of an Energy Act outlined in the National Energy Policy 2010, with associated Energy Administration and a National Energy Committee (NEC). Achieving a 30% reduction in primary energy consumption by 2020 is feasible. This Policy recognizes that improving the efficiency of energy use will reduce energy consumption more than any other action and prioritizes actions that support adoption of high efficiency appliances and vehicles, energy efficient building standards, efficient modes of transport (including public), and smart planning. Government is also committed to energy efficient purchasing and construction. Achieving a target of 20% renewable energy sourcing will require expansion into other forms of renewable energy such as wind, waste (landfill gas), hydropower, and/or marine energy (wave energy and currents). This Policy recognizes the role that development partners play in closing the gap between supply costs for renewable energy and conventional energy. Additional priorities include comprehensive assessments and analysis of options (including financing), data collection, improved capacity, and development of renewable energy equipment standards. Renewable energy technologies shall be integrated in all outer island energy development by 2020. To increase the security of Palau's electricity supply, the Palau Public Utilities Corporation (PPUC) will be allowed to recover all cost associated with the supply of electricity and encouraged to decentralize. Diversification includes encouraging private sector participation in electricity supply, increasing renewable energy sources (including financing), and increasing the number of products and services offered by PPUC.

PLW

East Asia & Pacific

These objectives include doubling the gross domestic product per inhabitant by 2035, mastery of basic learning at the end of the primary cycle by more than 90% of pupils, increasing the number of doctors per inhabitant to reach WHO standards, the reduction to 20% of the share of informal employment, the expansion of the female participation rate to 45%, compared to 22% in 2019, the increase in the share of renewables in the total energy consumption to 40%, a reduction in the cost of energy for energy-intensive industries to 0.5 dh/kWh, and the contribution of the desalination of seawater and treated water up to 15% in total water consumption.

MAR

Middle East & North Africa

While the LTS is focused on climate change mitigation, adaptation is also a key objective under the Paris Agreement. Canada has joined other parties in committing to strengthened cooperation to enhance adaptation efforts, build resilience, and reduce vulnerability to climate change. Ongoing efforts to advance this commitment, underpinned by numerous scientific analyses, include the development of Canada's first National Adaptation Strategy, which is set to be released in Fall 2022. Canada to reach its 2030 emissions target and put in the place building blocks to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. ² Canada in a Changing Climate

CAN

North America

In energy sector, the focus will be on implementation of the strategic projects aimed to achieve energy independence including ensuring sufficient local power generation capacities to cover domestic demand (estimated at 12-14 TWh in 2020). Lithuania is obligated to progressively increase the use of renewable energy resources in the production of electricity and heating. According to the current legal documents state aims to reach the target of 23% of renewable energy in final energy consumption in 2020, including no less than 20% of renewable energy in the electricity sector, 60% in the district heating sector and 10% in the transport sector and 80% in the households. Energy consumption is reduced by 1.5% every year to compare with an average of final energy consumption in 2010-2012, achieving 17% till 2020.

LTU

Europe & Central Asia

Of these, it was considered that the Solvents sector and the use of other products do not represent a priority for promoting measures to reduce GHG emissions at the national level and, as such, no specific measures to reduce GHG emissions were identified for this sector. At the national level, the limitation and reduction of emissions will be achieved through the application of the GHG Emissions Certificates Commercialization Scheme, hereinafter referred to as EU ETS, the objective established at the European level being -21% in 2020, compared to the hypothetical level of emissions from the sectors EU ETS from 2005 and by applying the provisions included in Decision no. 406/2009/EC. For Romania, the established objective represents an increase in emissions by +19% in 2020, compared to the level of emissions related to the sectors regulated by this Decision in 2005. In order to optimize the planning of GHG emission reductions coming from the other activities that do not fall under the EU ETS scheme, a correlation of the sectoral annual emission plans from regulated sources is necessary through the application of Decision no. 406/2009/CE, taking into account the emissions and reduction potential of each sector, as well as the national economic development priorities. 41 Energy

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

In 2009, Singapore pledged to reduce emissions by 16 per cent from business-as-usual (BAU) levels by 2020.

SGP

East Asia & Pacific

All biofuels on the market in Europe and the Netherlands must comply with the sustainability criteria laid down in the Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC). Only sustainable biofuels are allowed to be used for fulfilling the blending target. Compliance with these criteria must be demonstrated through one of the adopted certification systems. These certification systems are controlled by an independent audit. All biofuels produced in the Netherlands fulfil these requirements. The national policy aims to increase the production of biofuels in an effort to achieve the target of renewable energy sources accounting for 10% of the energy use in the transport sector by 2020. In 2016, this share of renewable energy was 7% 109. More than 66% of the energy content is from advanced biofuels. The raw materials for advanced biofuels are waste and residual materials such as used frying fat. Most of the frying fat is imported from other western European countries, Asia (China and Taiwan) and North America. The raw materials of non-advanced biofuels are mainly maize and wheat originating from Europe. The share of renewable electricity, which also contributes to the 10% target, is still small (0.1% in 2016).

NLD

Europe & Central Asia

Project title Responsible institution Description Objective Methodology and assumptions Mitigation Greenhouse gases covered Implementation period Follow-up or progress indicator Results obtained Additional information Housing NAMA and ECOCASA program. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). Secretary of Finance and Public Credit-Federal Mortgage Society. In the NAMA housing programs and the ECOCASA program, a total of 25,441 homes have benefited. 22,678 homes benefited from the ECOCASA program and in regards to the NAMA program, a total of 2,763 homes have benefited. Mitigate CEI emissions in the existing housing sector by providing additional financing to improve energy efficiency in homes through the implementation of eco-technologies, architectural design improvements in case of expansion, and/or the use of construction materials of high thermal quality. By 2030, a potential CO reduction is estimated between 2.5 and 6.9 with respect to a baseline, depending on the implementation scenario. A simulation tool called the Green Housing Evaluation System (SISEVIVE) SISEVIVE-EcoCasa is used to evaluate the energy efficiency, water consumption and percentage reduction of CO emissions of housing projects with respect to the approved baseline. among the key institutions of the sector, mainly CONAVI/SEDATU, Sociedad Hipotecaria Federal (SHF) and INFONAVIT. The operation of the tool can be consulted on the specific portal of the Single Housing Registry, which is based on the total specific demand and the primary energy demand in KWh per square meter per year, as well as the characteristics of the dwelling. LP gas emission factor (kg CO/kWh) Direct reduced emissions (MtCO;e) 0.2349 0.93 MtCO Reporting period 2018-June 2021. Cumulative avoided emissions/year (direct and indirect) mitigated, with financing from SHF for the NAMA program AND ECOHOUSE. A total of 0.93 direct MtCO2e has been mitigated; Of these, 0.80 MtCOe have been mitigated with the ECOCASA program and a total of 0.13 MtCO2e with the NAMA program. There are no hints for the reporting period. CO, CH4, NO. The actions reported by the SHF correspond to the years 2018 and 2021 (with a cut-off in

MEX

Latin America & Caribbean

South Asia Network for Security and Climate Change (SANSaC): http:// southasianetwork.blogspot.com South Asia Youth Environment Network (SAYEN): www.sayen.org WeADAPT: www.weadapt.org SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION 2017

AFG

South Asia

In 1997 the Kyoto Protocol was adopted, which set legally binding greenhouse gas emission limit values for the period 2008-2012. Cyprus has ratified the Kyoto Protocol as a state without obligations to reduce or limit emissions. In 2012, at the Climate Change Summit held in Doha, Qatar, the second binding period of the Protocol (2013-2020) was agreed. As part of the EU's commitments (20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 compared to 1990), the Republic of Cyprus also assumed the national targets for a 21% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 relative to 2020 with 2005 from electricity, cement and ceramics, and 5% in other sectors such as agriculture, transport, waste, etc., compared to 2005 levels.

CYP

Europe & Central Asia

The UK has been among the most successful countries in the developed world in growing its economy while reducing emissions. Since 1990, the UK Government has cut emissions by 42 per cent' while our economy has grown by two thirds². This means that we have reduced emissions faster than any other G7 nation, while leading the G7 group of countries in growth in national income over this period³. This progress has meant that the UK has outperformed the target emissions reductions of its domestically set first carbon budget (2008 to 2012) by one per cent and projects that it will outperform against our second and third budgets, covering the years 2013 to 2022, by about four per cent and six per cent respectively. In doing so, we also expect to over-achieve our international commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. The UK economy is expected to grow by 12 per cent over that time, representing a significant achievement. The UK has made progress across every sector of our economy. This progress has been aided by the falling costs of many low carbon technologies, resulting in new high value jobs, industries and companies. This progress has altered the way that we see many of the trade-offs between investing in low carbon technologies that help secure our future but that might incur costs today. It is clear that actions to cut emissions can be a win-win: cutting consumer bills, driving economic growth, creating high value jobs and helping to improve quality of life.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

h) green certificate - the title certifying the production of a quantity of electricity from renewable energy sources. The certificate can be traded, separately from the amount of electricity it represents, on an organized market, under the terms of the law; i 9 i) gross final consumption of electricity, the amount of electricity produced, including electricity consumption from the electricity production sector, as well as electricity losses from the transmission and distribution networks, excluding electricity production produced in power plants electricity with accumulation by pumping from the previously pumped water in a higher reservoir to which is added the difference between the import and export of electricity; energy consumption i) own technological electrical consumption of a plant, necessary for the production of electricity;

ROU

Europe & Central Asia

History and projection of emissions from the waste sector between 1990 and 2050 (in MtCO₂eq) National Low-Carbon Strategy - March 2020 e: estimate. Sources: CITEPA inventory of April 2018 in SECTEN format and Kyoto Climate Plan scope; 2018 AME and AMS scenarios

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

PRIORITY 14. ACCELERATE THE DEPLOYMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY France has adopted an ambitious development path for renewable energies, with a target of 32% by 2030. To meet this target, the framework for the development of renewable energies must be further simplified. Measures will be taken in the draft law relating to the transformation of relations between the administration and the public, in the fields of offshore energy, geothermal energy and methanisation. Experiments will be carried out in order to reduce the average development time of these projects. As part of the Overseas Conference, the Government will publish a list of calls for tenders that will be launched in the coming years to develop renewable energies in these territories. In mainland France, the scheduling of calls for tenders over the five-year period will be presented within a year, as part of the revision of the multi-annual energy schedule.

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

cently implemented NAMAS towards carbon-net neutral housing promote the transition to low emission in high-rise residential buildings for the middle-income segment in Viet Nam with the focus on new buildings ementation of appropriate emission reduction measures, thus contributing to Viet Nam's achievement of objectives in GHG emission reduction. The NAMA proposal includes a technical component with three main groups of activities: (i) the development and completion of policies for ilities with low-carbon emission; (ii) technical support during the implementation of the NAMA project; (iii) Capacity building/scaling up, and ponent with the following activities: (i financial support from French Development Agency (AFD) and BIDV for investors and house buyers; (ii) f non-refundable grants from the NAMA Facility for Viet Nam. ency: GIZ financed the development of the NAMA proposal. gency: MOC period: 05 years since 2022 jectives: (1) To reach 27,000 tCO,e of accumulated GHG emission reduction at the end of the project's implementation; (ii) To reach 192,000 lated GHG emission reduction in 10 years after the project's implementation; (iii) to have 17 construction units and 3,400 apartment owners arbon buildings and 200 auditors receive training by the end of the project; (iv) to issue 01 green band by the end of the Project; (v) to have 34 ered as low-carbon buildings per 5-star standards of the carbon performance labelling system (CPLS); (vi) to mobilize a total of EUR 200 million ment and EUR 257.9 million in private investment by the end of the project. s: 0 The amount of GHG emission reduction achieved; (ii) the number of units/individuals benefiting directly from the Project; (ii) the number issued to reinvest in low-carbon buildings; (iv) the number of buiklings registered as per 5-star standards according to CPLS; (v) the amount of ed from the public and private sectors. nding for NAMA's implementation includes: loan of EUR 200 million from AFD for projects meeting green building and low emission standards; of non-refundable grants from the NAMA Facility to reduce

VNM

East Asia & Pacific

List of figures and tables ..7 Fig.1 Dependence on fuel imports 2008,..... fig. 2 Structure of the input energy carriers in 2008, % based on thousand tons of conventional fuel..... production of electric and thermal energy.8 13 fig. 3 Emissions of greenhouse gases by sector, million tons of CO2 equivalent (1990-2008).. fig 4 Shares of renewable sources of their technical potential in Bulgaria,..... Table 1. Technical potential of renewable energy sources in Bulgaria according to an updated estimate from 2009... 17 17 fig 5. Overproduction/shortage of energy produced from renewable sources in Bulgaria, 2010-2020, when improving the mechanisms for promoting RES, which... fig b. Gross internal energy consumption - baseline scenario and scenario with additional energy efficiency 25 ENERGY STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA UNTIL 2020

BGR

Europe & Central Asia

education, training, public awareness and research; and funding. If approved, this document will guide the development of various implementation actions. Drought is a major feature of the climate of Southern Africa and often has a devastating

ZAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

Table 2.1.1.9: Information on source category 1A1a Main activity electricity and heat production, gaseous fuels / NO, CO, NMVOC and SO Energy Sector 1A1 Energy Industries Category Source/Fuel/Gas Key Category? 1A1a Main activity electricity and heat production, gaseous fuels/ NO, CO, NMVOC and SO, Not applicable for pollutant emissions. Category Description / Defini- Sum of emissions from main activity producers of electricity generation, combined heat and power generation, and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilises) are defined as those tion undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be in public or private ownership. Emissions from own on-site use of fuel should be included. Emissions from autoproducers should be assigned to the sector where they were generated and not under 1A1a. Country Detail Equation (Describe variables for method used) In the RM electricity generation capacity include: Moldavian Thermal Power Plant (MTPP) in Dnestrovsk (on the left bank of the Dniester River) with an installed capacity of 2,520 MW; CHP-2 Chisinau, with an installed capacity of 240 MW and 1,200 Gcalh heat capacity: CHP-1 Chisinau, with an installed capacity of 66 MW and 254 Gcalih heat capacity, CHP-North Balti, with an installed capacity of 24 MW and 200 Goalh heat capacity, other power plants, including CHP owned by sugar plants with an installed capacity of 97.5 MW operating on natural gas and residual fuel oil, built during 1956-1981. In recent years. renewable energy sources of small power are being developed. Their total capacity in 2015 represented 5 MW of electric power, while in 2016-circa 6.9 MW. In the RM, within 1990-2016, the share of gaseous fuels (natural gases) from total fuel consumption within category 1A 1a increased from 44.4 per cent to 97.6 per cent. In 2016 was made the transition from an average NCV to an annual average NCV for natural gases, based on the

MDA

Europe & Central Asia

1. Amendment to article 15, paragraph 1", of the articles of association. This text is replaced by the following text: "The general meeting meets on the third Tuesday of the month of February, at the place and time designated by the notices of meeting.>> Shareholders must comply with the requirements of the Articles of Association. (81992) The shareholders are invited to the general meeting on 28 June 1997 at 6 pm:

BEL

Europe & Central Asia

captured and stored in 2030, based on projects to be subsidised through the SDE++. emissions from landfills and natural gas extraction continue to decrease gradually after plants using Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), amounting to around 9 [5-11] Mt CO₂

NLD

Europe & Central Asia

Communication principles Build on existing and future work. There is currently a large volume of work being undertaken by various agencies across many sectors that is considered relevant to climate change and climate risk within Kiribati. Consolidate, coordinate and collaborate. The various activities would be further enhanced and supported through an endorsed and resourced communications strategy and plan. This Strategy aims to present a coordination mechanism to build on the existing and future initiatives. The absorptive capacity of government ministries within Kiribati signals the critical importance to develop partnerships. Strong professional, consistent design across all KJIP materials: Clear, consistent, highly engaging, translated (if necessary) materials that promote the key messages, priorities and contacts, available. Give climate change a 'face'. Given the abstract notion of climate change and climate risk, it is important to bring these issues down to the everyday. Promote the 'change-makers' and 'champions' working in thi area in Kiribati. Focus on values and changing behaviour. Move beyond the assumption that 'information leads to behaviour change'. Start small. Recognise the complex mix of barriers and incentives that impact on people's adoption of behaviours. Link climate change and climate risk reduction to 'everyday life'. Focus on daily needs and existing development issues that will be exacerbated by the onset of climate change, including water, food security and health. Information on the causes of climate change should be a supporting element, not the key content. Communications as a 'primer' or an 'enabler'. Use communications to support partnerships, engagemen and policy and project coordination. Communications lays the foundation for behaviour change. Information and communications alone won't lead to behaviour change, but they are key elements to support the promotion of ideal behaviour. There is a mix of barriers and incentives that will lead audiences towards adopting key behaviour. The Strategic approach is based on seven Strategy components: Strategy component 1: Coordination Strategy component 5: Promote 'whole of government' approach

KIR

East Asia & Pacific

and July since these months were identified as the coolest and wettest months respectively. The relevant to the processes. Therefore further research is needed to develop relevant emissions agricultural sector was noted as being particularly vulnerable in the central to southern parts of

TTO

Latin America & Caribbean

Public sector research and innovation investment plan Delivery of the UK's net zero research and innovation ambitions Annex: Government action on net zero research and innovation challenges to 2025

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

management of fine dust and energy transition were reflected in the 2030 Roadmap, and the Revised 2030 Roadmap was released in July 2018 to facilitate the delivery of the national GIG reduction target as a committed member of the international community. While the first NDC aimed to reduce GHG emissions by 37% from the BAU levels by 2030, the updated NDC submitted to the UNFCCC in December 2020 adopts an absolute reduction target which is to cut emissions by 24,4% from the total national GHG emissions in 2017. In August 2021, the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality that defines the minimum NDC target for 2030 of at least 35% reduction from the 2018 level was enacted, and accordingly in October 2021, the NDC was updated again with the target of reducing emissions by 40% from the 2018 level which amounts to 727,6 MtCOeq.

KOR

East Asia & Pacific

Control of the Court of Auditors according to Art. 127 Para. 3 B-VG be granted. This also applies mutatis mutandis to the awarding of orders to freelancers active members of the federal government, state secretaries and members of the

AUT

Europe & Central Asia

MTDP2 Goal: To improve access to and quality of healthcare. expand sport network to increase access to socioeconomic services with improved road safety. The construction of roads is important for facilitating transportation services, setting up agro-processing and SMEs, and generating income and employment in rural and urban areas. In the rural areas, it shortens the time taken to reach health and education institutions and markets, thus improving health, education and income generation. Re-building key road infrastructure will continue under MTDP2. During 2016-2017, the country will add at least 250 kilometers of national roads per year. The provinces are also expected to add 50 kilometers of road per province per year during the period. In addition, the Government will continue its emphasis on road durability (sustainability) and maintenance. Under MTDP2 the priority areas are: Increasing the total length of national and provincial roads to cater for the needs of the people; 52.... Increasing the proportion of roads that are in good condition; Improving the assessment of major rehabilitation and new construction projects using a two staged Business Case approach to ensure value for money and enhanced socioeconomic returns for the people of Papua New Guinea; Maintaining the value of existing investments in road infrastructure through an emphasis on maintenance; Encouraging a quality-based focus on new road construction through integrated construction and maintenance contracting arrangements; Encouraging the development of industry standards on long lasting and appropriate durable materials and methodologies to improve road construction reliability; Developing policies to grow the capacity of local industry to build and sustainably maintain completed roads; and Improving road safety infrastructures. PNG MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN2 2016-2017 Indicators

PNG

East Asia & Pacific

The lower forecast had a 1.33% GDP growth to 2030, which resulted in a 1.21% average annual electricity demand growth by 2030 and 1.24% by 2050. The lower forecast assumed electricity intensity initially increased before dropping all the way to

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

To promote the development of circular economy in the field, control the generation and emission of greenhouse gases from the source and the whole process. The annual carbon dioxide emission level of large power generation enterprise groups per unit of power supply is controlled at 650 g/1000 Emissions of nitrous oxide and hydrofluorocarbons are significantly reduced by the use of controlled emission technologies. Increase HFC

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

2. ENERGY DEMAND MANAGEMENT On 10th August 2015, when the 20th level of electric power supply limitations was introduced for the first time since 1980s, it turned out again that the energy sector required changes that would guarantee the certainty of energy supplies at competitive prices. The growing dilemma of how to finance the reconstruction of generation capacity in electrical power engineering could be partly mitigated as a result of undertaking actions on the part of energy demand management. The development of energy storage through car batteries and energy warehouses located at the charging facilities for electric 2) vehicles, related to electromobility, will allow to treat infrastructure of electric vehicles in the future as energy reserves which provide energy at the moment of peak demand and charge during the so-called 'night low power demand. From the point of view of energy generation, the development of electromobility will be an additional element enabling to optimize the operation of the National Power System during the peak demand period, 3) and therefore, it constitutes a saving which consists in the lack of necessity to maintain a part of generation capacity that is unprofitable due to the fact that it is only operated for several hundred hours per year. Achievement of the number of 1 million electric cars in Poland by 2025 will result in generating additional energy demand at the level of 4.3 KWh per year, which will provide the sector with additional PLN 20 million from energy sales (assuming the average Achievement of the number of 1 million electric cars in Poland by 2025 will result in generating additional energy demand at the level of 4.3 KWh per year, which will provide the sector with additional PLN 20 million from energy sales (assuming the average expected lifetime of a car at the level of 10 years). The funds obtained in this manner may be partly used for financing innovations in the energy sector in order to gradually reduce the carbon footprint of energy produced in Poland.

POL

Europe & Central Asia

for the emissions not covered by the EU ETS, the emission reduction commitments are shared between the 28 Member States through individual national GHG targets. In June 2015, the Dutch government faced judgment in the The Hague District Court in the case filed by Urgenda on the overall national reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands by 2020. The court ruled that by 2020, the Dutch government should have reduced national greenhouse gas emissions by 25% compared to the 1990 levels. Pending the government's appeal against this decision, it was obliged to start implementing the judgment. In October 2018, the The Hague Court of Appeal ruled in the case between Urgenda and the Dutch State that greenhouse gas emissions must have been reduced by at least 25% compared to the level of 1990 by the end of 2020. With this judgment, the Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the The Hague District Court in the climate case. In June 2019 in conjunction with the draft Climate Agreement the Minister of Economic Affairs

NLD

Europe & Central Asia

agriculture, forestry, tourism and waste management) determines the path towards the long-term goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% by 2050 compared to 1990. This Plan will list the priority measures and activities that need to be implemented in the next five-year period with the aim of implementing this long-term strategy. In 2011, the then Ministry of Environmental Protection, Spatial Planning and Construction prepared a document entitled Strategic guidelines for the development of the green economy>> which the Government of the Republic of Croatia accepted at the session held on September 29, 2011. The purpose of this document is to guide the long-term development of the state towards sustainable development, environmental protection, utilization of natural resources and efficient management in all segments of the economy, public and personal needs. In addition to these documents, it is important to note the adoption of the Strategy for Sustainable Development of the Republic of Croatia ("Narodne novine" No. 30/2009), whose goal is the long-term direction of economic and social development and environmental protection towards the sustainable development of the Republic of Croatia.

HRV

Europe & Central Asia

backward, and two years forward, of the current year. There is also a requirement that government's services addressing areas that in the past have received less attention. Among such areas are environment protection and conservation. Another significant feature

KIR

East Asia & Pacific

AFAT Promote the importation of alternative refrigerants National Strategy for the Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+ 2020-2029) Support Program for the fight against fraud Thousands of jobs will be created and several tonnes of F-gas will be recycled per year and therefore GHG emissions will be reduced. Climate Change (PALCC) Reduce HFC imports, train customs officers on the identification of HFCs and equipment containing them, raise awareness and train refrigeration technicians on the use of new gases. The execution of this project will also make it possible to strengthen the BNO in terms of personnel and adequate technical equipment. Thanks to this project, the import of HFCs will be reduced by 5% per year and by 10% if the country receives support from financial partners. National Program to Implement New Reforestation (PNR) Increase the rate of forest cover to 30% by 2050; Reduce the direct factors and indirect factors of aggravation of the country's vulnerability in terms of degradation of forest resources and respond to political and technical issues/challenges on land degradation at the national, regional and local levels for the effective fight against the consequences of these hazards. plantations which occupy 34,400 ha, i.e. a net increase of 0.7% in 2021; Increase Togo's forest cover area could expect 43,557 ha by 2030 Establish sustainable forest and land management areas through reforestation and/or sustainable management of 600 ha of state forests (i.e. 100 ha to be completed per year); set up 6,000 ha of forests and

TGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

The new 2030 climate and energy framework of January 2014 contains the Commission's proposals for climate and energy targets for the post-2020 period. The European Council made a decision on the package in October 2014. Its only target that is directly binding to the Member States concerns reducing emission in the non-ETS sectors. However, the EU wishes to continue promoting renewable energy use and improving energy efficiency after 2020. Common EU targets were thus agreed upon for these areas. A binding EU level target, or at least a 27% share of renewable energy consumption by 2030, was set. An indicative EU level target of at least 27% was set for improvement in energy efficiency by 2030. The target for reducing greenhouse gas emissions is set to at least 40 % (compared to 1990 level) by 2030. The target for reducing emissions is 43% in the ETS sector and 30% in the non-ETS sectors compared to 2005.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

Comprehensive data on the amount and types of indigenous forest in Tonga are unavailable. Some data are provided by Wiser et al. (1999) for Tongatapu and nearby islands and by Whistler (1992) and references cited. Remaining indigenous forest cover has been variously estimated at between 5.5% (FRA 2005) and 11.6% (Desloges 1994) of land in the country, with much of this confined to inaccessible steep (Figure 1) or remote areas, uninhabited islands, coastal strips, swamps and mangroves (Thistlethwaite et al. 1993). The variability in these figures probably results from differences in defining forest. According to FRA 2005 data, Tonga has the lowest percentage of forest cover in all Oceania, where the average is 23.3%. Recent data from the Ministry of Land. Figure 1. Indigenous forest in the Mt Talau National Park on Vava'u (2008) Forest clearing has reduced biodiversity, promoted soil erosion and reduced soil fertility. Coastal forested strips have narrowed and mangrove removal has accelerated coastal erosion. The forest fragments, however, still contain valuable biodiversity worth protecting. Much of this information is anecdotal. There are no reliable data on the extent and rate of recent deforestation, although there is no doubt that it is occurring. Deforestation is most pronounced on the main island of Tongatapu, where the area of remaining forest is less than 5% (Table 1). In the past, traditional low-intensity shifting agriculture had long fallow periods. However, increased population pressure over recent decades has shortened or eliminated fallow periods, leading to loss of soil fertility and the necessity to clear more forest to maintain agricultural productivity. The introduction of the export squash industry in the

TON

East Asia & Pacific

With the realization of investments of this dimension, it is intended to obtain important results such as (see Annex for more details): support the acquisition of clean public transport fleets (145 buses) and respective charging/supply stations; contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions by 55% by 2030, in accordance with the National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030 (PNEC 2030) and the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality; award 100,000 vouchers to support efficient energy solutions for families in energy poverty. This component aims to develop a structural, lasting and impactful response, paving the way for the construction of a more competitive, more cohesive and more inclusive economy of the sea, but also more decarbonized and sustainable, with greater capacity to take advantage of the opportunities arising from climate transitions and digital. In line with these principles, the Sea component will contribute to the national options related to the reinforcement of the national productive potential, seeking to guarantee conditions of sustainability and competitiveness of the business fabric linked to the sea, as well as assuming the ambition to combat some of the pockets of poverty located in coastal communities, and ensure a territory that is both competitive and cohesive in a context of adaptation to climate and digital transitions. In terms of preserving the value of oceanic ecosystem services, this component will unequivocally contribute to the "Health of the Oceans". In addition, it will contribute to strengthening the country's operational, training and scientific capacity.

PRT

Europe & Central Asia

Time-scale: Short-term (long-term continuance) GOAL: Reduce projected increase in peak demand by 5% by 2015 and 10% by 2020, and strive to reduce power losses down to a total of 7% by 2015 and 5% by 2020. 4.2.1 Long-term planning for the electricity sector

VCT

Latin America & Caribbean

Improve energy network security management and control. Improve the safety prevention and control body of the power monitoring system Strengthen the organization, coordination and supervision of the implementation of this plan, and establish and improve the implementation of the plan

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT With regard to global energy demand, countries face several challenges in defining an energy policy that facilitates the process towards sustainable development. Among these challenges are the high prices of energy and its volatility; climate change and the reduction of environmental pollution; the promotion of security and energy self-sufficiency; access to resources for investment; and the efficient and rational use of energy resources. Added to this scenario is the global demand for energy which, according to international statistics recorded by the International Energy Agency (AE, acronym for US Energy Information Administration), projects a growth in global energy demand for the period 2013-2030 of 32 %, going from 12,324 Mtoe, in 2012, to 16,206 Mtoe, in 2030 (US Energy Information Administration). For the year 2012, of the primary energy source, the main fuels that supply world consumption are oil (33%), coal (30%) and natural gas (24%). The renewable primary energy source (including hydroelectricity and other sources) contributes only 8%. Graph 1 takes these data into account and allows us to observe how the world energy matrix could become by the year 2030. According to these projections, oil reduces its share from 33 to 29%. Likewise, other energy sources such as biomass are incorporated, with 11%, to reach a share of renewable primary energy sources of 17%. This is relevant, since it would reflect the result of the objective of energy policies with a focus on sustainable development, as advocated by countries seeking greater use of renewable resources.

GTM

Latin America & Caribbean

Improvement of animal production systems with emphasis on dairy farming in the Andean region within the context of climate change Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions through renewable energy projects in Non-Interconnected Zones (ZNI Conservation and sustainable development of the Magdalena basin Joint declaration on cooperation for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation of forests (REDD+) and the promotion of sustainable development in Colombia Develop institutional technical capacities in the measurement of GHG, to contribute to the Multilateral improvement of the animal production systems - BMD with emphasis on milk production Promote the reduction of GHG emis- sions from the use of the Sustainable Landscape Program soil through REDD+ strategies, Multilateral of the Orinoquia sustainable agriculture, planning -BMD ra in the Andean region without deteriorating the environment Development of clean energy Support the implementation of the Multilateral Renewable Energy Financing Program for Non-Interconnected Zones (ZN) - MDB climate-smart and policies for sustainable land use Contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the Magdalena river basin, through habitat protection, ecosystem restoration, governance and strengthening of local institutions Multilateral - MDB Contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions pro- Multilateral deforestation and forest degradation -BMD Help Colombia mobilize private investment for clean energy development, including both large-scale renewable energy Multilateral - BMD and energy efficiency in the industrial sector AGROSAVIA Bancoldex World Bank IDB IDB FDN AGROSAMIA Bancoldex N/D 61,333 500,000 FDN 60,000,000 MinAmbiente 6,363,600 MinAmbiente 200,000,000 570,000 2014- 2018 2015- 2019 2015- 2030 2016- 2018 2017- 2019 2017- 2024 Agriculture Energy Environment and Resources Natural Environment and Natural Resources Environment and Natural Resources Energy Mitigation - FC Mitigation Mitigation Adaptation - FC Mitigation Mitigation

COL

Latin America & Caribbean

Currently, 30% of the Brazilian territory is covered by protected areas, such as conservation units and indigenous lands. Brazilian environmental laws are among the most advanced in the world, given that they require landowners to preserve 20-80% of their lands and that they establish additional protective measures for fragile ecosystems. Together with the protected areas established under the Brazilian Forest Code, approximately 50-60% of the Brazilian territory is under some kind of protection. Despite this, the Brazilian government has chosen to go even beyond already existing laws and policies and commit to eliminating illegal deforestation by 2028. The Brazilian NDC is one of the most ambitious in the world. Besides its targets, Brazil is one of the few countries that adopted a commitment for 2025 as well as 2030, which will provide for a better monitoring of the mitigation efforts throughout the decade. Brazil therefore understands that it is making an important contribution to international efforts to combat climate change in both absolute and relative terms. Still regarding the land use sector, the Low Carbon Agriculture Plan (ABC Plan) has already channeled R$ 17 billion to implement a vast range of mitigation measures, which include recovering degraded lands, projects of nitrogen fixation, increased accumulation of organic matter (carbon) in the soil, no-till farming, the integration of forest, crops and cattle breeding, agroforestry and forest planting. By 2020, the ABC Plan had exceeded its goals by 155 %, and is to be continued, from 2020 to 2030, through the Sectoral Adaptation Plan for a Low Carbon Agriculture for Sustainable Development (Plan ABC+). It is a key policy among Brazilian sectoral efforts to tackle climate change.

BRA

Latin America & Caribbean

Project 1 Component 3: Development of climate scenarios at a fairly fine spatial resolution Component 4: Dissemination and communication of the atlas

HTI

Latin America & Caribbean

Forecast evolution of the energy generation matrix The introduction of new generation projects based on renewable energies in the period 2016 - 2030, will allow modifying the generation matrix, reducing the generation of thermal energy based on fossil fuels, from 45% in the year 2018, to 36% in the in 2023 and 27% in 2030, as shown in the graph above. I. Conclusions and Recommendations

NIC

Latin America & Caribbean

to actively and constructively participate in international negotiations. Formulate and implement the "China's National Plan for Addressing Climate Change", the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions" and the "National Strategy to Adapt to Climate Change", accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure and energy structure, and vigorously carry out energy conservation and carbon reduction and ecological Construction, actively promote low-carbon pilot demonstrations, strengthen capacity building for addressing climate change, and strive to raise the awareness of the whole society to address climate change, and make positive progress in all aspects of addressing climate change. In 2013, my country's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP dropped by 28.5% compared with 2005, and the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy increased to 9.8%.. The number of rural biogas users ranks first in the world, and the forest coverage rate has increased from 18.21% in 2005 to 21.6%. The ability to adapt to climate change has been enhanced in key areas such as water resources, agriculture and forestry, and disaster prevention and mitigation. The recognition door of TITL I it t and

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

orderly; the ecological environment takes a fundamental turn for the better, and the aspects, the modernization of the national governance system and governance 2 Future Economic and Social Development Goals

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

Loess Plateau, central Northeast China, southern parts of Southwest China and change has had negative impacts on agricultural production in regions vulnerable Note: NE: Northeast China; NW: Northwest China; NCP: North China Plain; LP: Loess Plateau; YRB: Yangtze River Basin: SW: Southwest China: SSE: southern and eastern China.

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

A more detailed action plan to reach the renewable energy target will be presented by June 2010 at the latest. The aim of increased investments in energy efficiency is to reach the target of 20 percent more efficient energy use by 2020. This will simultaneously fulfil the requirements laid down in the European Energy Services Directive. The Government will invest SEK 300 million (ca EUR 27.3 million) per year between 2010 and 2014-a 100-percent increase on the current level. The Swedish Energy Agency will have the primary responsibility for implementing the energy efficiency programme, and for the measures required to monitor implementation of the Energy Ser- vices Directive. regional and local energy and cli- Strengthening mate initiatives. Increasing investment in information and advisory services. Using the public sector to set a good example in energy efficiency improvements. Swedish munici- palities and county councils will be given the opp- ortunity to enter into voluntary energy efficiency agreements with the Swedish Energy Agency. Introducing support for enterprises that use signi- ficant amounts of energy. This support will be in the form of an "energy audit cheque" to perform energy audits between 2010 and 2014. To enable society to be more energy efficient, there must be energy-efficient products on offer to con- sumers. The Government will strengthen efforts in technology procurement and in the introduction of energy-efficient technologies to the market. Introducing requirements for individual electricity and hot water metering in new buildings and refur- bishments. Energy-efficient behaviour is encoura- ged when the cost of energy use is made clearer.

SWE

Europe & Central Asia

It provides imework for the sustainable management of energy resources and for development of viable renewable energy resources, with the latter expected to represent no less than 20% of the energy mix by 2030 It is long-term and comprehensive It will advance new, environmentally friendly technologies to increase energy supplies, particularly in the transport sector, and encourage cleaner, more efficient energy production, conversion and use It will establish linkages with other sectors of the economy to achieve policy coherence and fulfill its goals It is fully consistent with other aspects of Government policy, particularly Vision 2030 Jamaica - National Development Plan It utilizes an integrated approach towards yielding a cleaner environment, a stronger economy, and a sufficient supply of energy for the country's future - balancing environmental protection with energy production It seeks to raise the living standards of Jamaicans and contribute to our country becoming "...the place of choice, to live, work, raise families and do business", recognizing that to do so our country must fully integrate its energy, environmental, and economic policies, and move us into the realm of the green economy and onto the path to sustainable prosperity It will enhance Jamaica's regional and global competitiveness through efficiency in the use of energy The achievement of the Vision for the sector will be realized by translating the policy into strategies and specific areas of action such as diversification of our existing fuel sources, development of renewable sources of energy, biofuels and waste-to-energy programmes, to name a few. These strategies and actions will be administered via the corporate and operational plans through a range of organizations, starting with the

JAM

Latin America & Caribbean

Figure 2.4. Figure 2.5. Table 2.3. Table 2.4. Table 2.5. Figure 2.6. Table 2.6. Figure 2.7. Table 2.7. Table 2.8. Figure 2.8. Table 2.9. Table 2.10. Table 2.11. 3 [1] Energy Table 3.1. GE trends by type of gas, 1990-2015. GHG emissions and removals by type of gas, 1990-2015 Emissions by type of gas in the periods 1990-2015, 2005-2010 and 2010-2015 CO emissions per capita and carbon intensity from fuel burning, 1993-2015 Figure 2.9. CO e emissions per capita from fuel combustion, 1993-2015 Figure 3.1. Table 3.2. Table 3.3. Figure 3.2. Table 3.4. Net greenhouse gas emissions by category, 2015 Net greenhouse gas emissions by gas type, 2015 National GHG emissions by gas type from IPCC 2006 sectors, categories, subcategories and sources, in 2015 Levels ( TIER) of source emission estimates, based on IPCC decision trees, 2006 Figure 3.3. Key sources of GHG emissions, derived from Method 1, 2015 Key sources of 2015 GE emissions at 95% cumulative INEGYCEL main sources GHG trends by sector, 1990-2015, GHG emissions and removals trends by sector, 1990-2015 Comparison of GHG emissions Classification of categories, subcategories and sources of the sector [1] Energy, defined by IPCC, 2006 GHG emissions by category of [1] Energy, 1990-2015 GHG emissions for the sector [1 ] Energy, 1990-2015 GHG emissions by category of [1] Energy, 1990-2015... GHG emissions of [1] Energy by category, 2015 Comparison of the reference method and the sector by fuel consumption activity, 1990-2015 Comparison between the reference method and the sectoral method by fuel consumption, 1990-2015 Table 3.5. GHG emissions from electricity generation, 1990-2015. Figure 3.4. GHG emissions from electricity generation by CFE and PIE, 1990-2015 Table 3.6. GHG emissions by electric power generation technology, 1990-2015 Figure 3.

MEX

Latin America & Caribbean

Action Plans in SNC Residential (Energy) Develop energy efficiency standards. Financial supports to upgrade existing homes or build new homes to meet standards. Develop Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified energy efficiency standards for new or renovated commercial and institutional buildings. Proposed Action Plans Policies and financial support for promotion and installation of alternative energy like solar, wind, micro-hydro, ICS and biogas etc. Develop policies for promotion of renewable energy Promotion of energy-efficient housing (e.g, wind, solar and hydropower) construction Conduct vehicles test through ultra-modern equipment from Vehicle Fitness Test Centre (VFTC) Housing construction in accordance with the Energy Efficiency Regulation Transportation (Energy) Encourage purchase of fuel-efficient vehicles as well as promote public and active modes of Reshaping of the public transport system transportation Upgrade and effectively implement Vehicle and Transport Management Act 1993 and Nepal Vehicle Urban mobility plans Mass Emission Standard 1999 which is clarified as similar to Euro-1 standard to Euro-3 standard Support for solar thermal energy and heat pumps in residential buildings Industrial (Energy) Develop hydropower projects. Subsidize use of hydro-electricity and other green energies for gradual replacement of the use of fossil fuels Incentives for the replacement of private vehicles and promotion of the use of energy-efficient vehicles (vehicles fueled by natural gas and bio- fuels and hybrid vehicles) Formulate new National Transportation (Vehicle) Policy which will encourage to import and manufacture environment friendly and low pollutant CO2 emissions vehicles in Nepal Eco-labeling - Energy label for cars Linking vehicle taxation to energy efficiency and 112 Introduction of electric vehicles and electric vehicle recharging points Assist gradual replacement of the use of fossil fuels through subsidizing use of hydro-electricity and other sources of green energies Relocation of enterprises to industrial-business zones and business parks Support for improving energy efficiency in manufacturing enterprises Promotion of Green Enterprise Support for solar thermal energy and heat pumps

NPL

South Asia

of the action Description Objectives and/or goals Climate change planning and management instrument - Cross-cutting program The ECDBC is a national government program to coordinate the country's GHG mitigation actions in search of a low-carbon path for the economy. The ECDBC was formalized with the approval of document CONPES 3700 of 2011, which developed the first official institutional framework for the formulation and implementation of GHG mitigation and climate change adaptation policies (MADS, 2017a, pp. 3-4). The development of the ECDBC has had three stages: the first of design between 2011 and 2013, another of preparation of the NDC of Colombia between 2014 and 2015, and the third whose focus was the preparation for the implementation of the NDC, between 2016 and 2017 (Guerrero-Garcia et al., 2017, p. 18). The significant results generated by the ECDBC in the three stages executed are rightly meshed with new challenges and identified needs essential to achieve the low carbon development objectives in the country. The challenges defined the need to execute a new stage of the ECDBC to be developed between 2018 and 2019. The general objectives of the ECDBCC are: 1. Empower and motivate sectors to make decisions that reduce their GHG emissions in the future, achieving at the same time the growth goals they have and generating social, economic and environmental benefits; 2. 3. Create or promote the necessary tools to transform Sectoral Action Plans (PAS) into Sectorial Implementation Plans, including political, regulatory and financial aspects in order to achieve the reduction of GHG emissions trends ; 5. 6. Promote the management and implementation of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in sectors and territories; 4. Promote the regionalization of mitigation actions in order to strengthen the capacities of the territories for the formulation of plans against climate change; Lead, formulate and promote the implementation of the NDC of Colombia to 2030 in mitigation; Generate the appropriate mechanisms for the MRV of the reduction of GHG emissions at the national level in harmony with the national information management strategies and international standards.1 7. Lead and formulate the 2050 strategy according to the PA mandate, in line with the global goal of carbon neutrality in the second half of the century (Guer

COL

Latin America & Caribbean

Based on the goals set in the Paris Agreement (continued efforts to further limit the global temperature rise to 1.5C to keep the global temperature rise well below 2C), in October 2020, Japan will become carbon neutral by 2050. declaration. In the region, the number of local governments announcing zero carbon cities aiming for carbon neutrality in 2050 is increasing, prior to the national declaration. Industry With the progress of the ESC, we will continue to work on the "scheduled management"

JPN

East Asia & Pacific

Since 2010, the SAR government has continued to implement policies and measures to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In 2014, the "Hong Kong Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan" first proposed the quantitative goal of greenhouse gas emission reduction, that is, by 2020, the carbon emission intensity will be reduced by 50% to 60% compared with 2005. By taking various measures, Hong Kong has made significant progress in controlling greenhouse gas emissions: from 2010 to 2016, Hong Kong's population increased by 4.4%, the real GDP of the region increased by 2.9%, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP decreased by about 29%. Greenhouse gas emissions were maintained at around 5.7 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

In its Climate Action Plan 2050 of November 2016,5 the German government confirmed and further defined its ambitious national climate targets: Germany is abiding by the existing national target of a 40 % reduction in its greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. The German government also affirms in the Climate Action Plan 2050 the targets of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55 % by 2030, 70 % by 2040, and 80 to 95 % by 2050 compared with base year 1990. The Climate Action Plan clearly states that Germany intends to be largely greenhouse gas neutral by 2050.

DEU

Europe & Central Asia

3.18.10 A carbon assessment of the Scottish Budget 2022-23 is available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/ The first annual statutory monitoring report required under the Climate Change (Emissions Reduction Targets) (Scotland) Act 2019 was published in May 2021 and is available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

The S2 scenario - this scenario is based on the introduction of additional technical measures for road vehicles to improve the efficiency of motors and decrease fuel consumption. This scenario implies an average reduction in the intensity of all types of vehicles by 0.5%, a significant decrease in the share of diesel and petrol vehicles in passenger kilometers at the expense of the increased share of electric vehicles by 25% by 2050, as well as a decrease in the share of passenger vehicles per passenger kilometer and increase of bus transport for approximately 13% by 2050. Another assumption is increase in the share of electric and the decrease in diesel locomotives by 10% by 2050. Improvement of the quality of fuel is assumed, as well as improvement of the road infrastructure. Reduction in the volume of ton/k is assumed in the area of freight transport and the increase in rail ones for about 12% by 2050. An important element of this scenario is the reduction of the average age of road vehicles to 12 years by 2025. The main objective of this scenario is to reduce the emission coefficient from 185g of CO/km in the base year to 150 g of C0/km in 2025, with a further reduction to 130g of C0/km by 2040. In addition, the introduction, implementation and enforcement of EU directives in the field of transport by 2025 are also assumed.

BIH

Europe & Central Asia

As part of the EU's Fit for 55 package, the Commission has proposed a comprehensive set of changes to the existing EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which should result in an overall emissions reduction of 61 per cent in the sectors concerned by 2030 compared to 2005. The increased ambition is to be achieved by strengthening the current provisions and extending the scope of the scheme. Aviation has been included in the EU ETS since 2012, and it applies to flights between airports in the European Economic Area. During aviation's third emissions trading period, which started in 2021, the total number of emissions allowances will be reduced annually with a linear reduction factor of 2.2 per cent. According to the proposal, the free allocation of allowances will be phased out by 2027, and their linear reduction factor will be tightened from 2.2 to 4.2 per cent from 2024. The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) aims to address any annual increase in total CO emissions from international civil aviation above 2020 levels. Under CORSIA, aircraft operators will be required to purchase offsets for the growth in CO emissions covered by the scheme from 2021. Finland welcomes that CORSIA will be integrated into the EU ETS and will be implemented in it.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

Improve mechanisms and procedures to provide for effective conservation and efficient use of energy Support the deployment of ARE technologies: 1. Promoting innovation and technology transfer to ensure availability of renewable technology at reduced costs (including offshore) 2. Onshore large-scale wind and solar projects Exploration and development of storage technologies to tackle RE intermittency Utilizing other alternative energy sources for generating electricity Research and development programs for carbon capture and sequestration Efficient irrigation motors/pumps (electric), fans, boilers/furnaces, stoves, water heaters and LEDs, etc. AEDB AEDB AEDB Ministry of Climate Change (MoCC), GCISC NEECA Number of low-cost renewable options explored Percentage increase in RE generation Number of options proposed for RE intermittency Percentage of electricity generation from alternate sources Number of research reports developed for policy uptake Annual improvement in energy efficiency Transition from biomass to electricity in 15% of households by 2050 Increase energy efficiency with combined sectoral targets to achieve a total of 1.5% annual improvement in energy efficiency

PAK

South Asia

3.2.6.1. evelop institutional capacity to perform etailed resource assessment of Mongolian renewable energy resources (solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass and etc.) build national renewable energy resource database and perform research and development in field of renewable energy; 3.2.6.2. Increase share of renewable energy in national energy capacity to 20% by 2020, 30% by 2030; 3.2.6.3. Build favorable legal, tax environment to increase investment in

MNG

East Asia & Pacific

In a pessimistic scenario called no action or "no change", GHG emissions continue to increase rapidly throughout the 21st century. In the optimistic scenario, Mexico will reduce its black carbon emissions by at least 51% and its GHG emissions by 22% by 2030, and would continue on that path until the end of the century. Both scenarios have as a starting point the mitigation and adaptation commitments to climate change (Nationally Determined Contribution, CND) that would be executed mainly during the 2020-2030 period. for the country. It also compares what would happen in an optimistic scenario, that is, if Mexico and the world substantially meet their emission reduction commitments by mid-century, with additional reductions by 2100. In this section, two lines of work are developed that account for the economic effects of climate change, on the one hand, and the quantification of the investment amounts required to deal with such effects, on the other. Specifically, these two lines of work are:

MEX

Latin America & Caribbean

MEN-4 Encouraging the construction of cogeneration plants For the implementation of the measure, a legislative framework was adopted which introduces a system of incentives for the production of electricity from cogeneration plants. The Decree on the Minimum Share of Electricity Produced from Renewable Energy Sources and Cogeneration, the Production of which is Encouraged (Official Gazette No. 33/2007, 8/2011), set the goal of achieving a share of electricity production from cogeneration by the end of 2020. plants, whose electricity production is delivered to the transmission or distribution network of 4% of the total direct consumption of electricity. The biggest contribution is expected from the construction of new industrial cogeneration plants.

HRV

Europe & Central Asia

Status: This is the original version (as it was originally enacted). SCHEDULE 16-Taxation of coronavirus support payments Document Generated: 2023-04-25 Finance Act 2020 (c. 14)

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

The total final energy consumption in Cambodia grew by an annual average of 6.9% during 20102015. The final energy consumption in 2015 was 3.4 million tons of oil equivalent, comprising 50.5% petroleum products, 36.0% biomass, 13.1% electricity, and 0.4% coal. The transport sector was responsible for nearly half (46%) of the final energy consumption. In 2015, renewable energy accounted for 65% of the total energy consumption and among them, 46% came from traditional biomass such as wood, charcoal, and dung; 15% from modern biomass such as biogas produced from human and animal waste; and 3% from hydropower (ADB, 2018).

KHM

East Asia & Pacific

Britain's gas network connects 23 million users through 284,000 km of pipelines ▸ We will support the rollout of charging and associated grid infrastructure along the strategic road network, to support drivers to make the switch to EVs ahead of the phase out of the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2030, and hybrids with significant zero emission capability by 2035. Following extensive consultation with car manufacturers and dealers, the Prime Minister has confirmed that the UK will end the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2030, ten years earlier than planned. The sale of hybrid cars and vans that can drive a significant distance with no carbon emissions will continue until 2035.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Hydro Solar Home System 600,000 systems Institutional solar power systems (solar PV and solar 1,500 systems pumping systems) Improved water mill Improved Cooking Stoves Biogas 4000 number 475,000 stoves 130,000 household systems, 1,000 institutional and 200 community biogas plants 8. By 2020, Nepal intends to expand its energy mix focusing on renewables by 20 % and diversifying its energy consumption pattern to more industrial and commercial sectors. 9. By 2020, Nepal aims to increase the share of electric vehicle up to 20% from 2010 level. 10. By 2050, Nepal will decrease its dependency on fossils in the transport sector by 50% through effective mass public transport means while promoting energy efficient and electrical vehicles. 11. Nepal will develop its electrical (hydro-powered) rail network by 2040 to support mass transportation of goods and public commuting. 12. Nepal will maintain 40% of the total area of the country under forest cover and forest productivity and products will be increased through sustainable management of forests. Emphasis will equally be given to enhance carbon sequestration and forest carbon storage and improve forest governance. 13. Nepal will pilot a sub-national project on REDD+ to reduce about 14 million tons of CO2-eq by 2020 by addressing the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation and 10

NPL

South Asia

Energy - public electricity and heat production. Emissions from the subsector in 2020 decreased by 39.7 Mt CO-e (18.7%) from the peak in 2009, despite continuing population and economic growth. This was primarily driven by a decrease in the total share of generation from coal from 85.7% in 2009 to 68.3% in 2020, and an increase in the share of generation from renewable energy in the national electricity market from 5.8% in 2009 to 23.4% in 2020, with the largest increases coming from wind and solar.

AUS

East Asia & Pacific

External action 120. In order to increase the coherence, transparency, flexibility and effectiveness of EU external cooperation, most existing instruments will be merged into a Neighbourhood, Development

EUR

Europe & Central Asia

The common European objective for 20% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 compared to the base year 1990 will be realized through: 10% reduction compared to 2005 of emissions from plants not included in the European scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading (buildings, light industry, transport, agriculture and waste); 21% reduction compared to 2005 of emissions from plants participating in the scheme for emission trading (all large industrial and energy sources of emissions, as well as the aviation sector). The share of greenhouse gas emissions from all energy generation activities, included in the energy, industry, transport, agriculture and domestic sectors, is 70%. Those from the energy sector are 40% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the country.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

89. 90. 91. To reduce the average electricity intensity in the Residential and Commercial sectors from an average of 2-2.4:1 to 1.5:1 by 2015 and maintaining the ratio up to 2020. Energy efficiency and conservation besides saving energy will also be encouraged as a means towards cleaner production and pollution control measures in industries. Energy audits in the industrial and Commercial/Service Sectors will continue to be supported. The regulatory institutions would be encouraged to implement performance benchmarks for energy producers. To ensure that energy is used efficiently in industry, commerce and in residential facilities, a law - the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act that would spell out mandatory energy management practices, building codes, requirements on energy

GHA

Sub-Saharan Africa

Both scenarios envisage a 23% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 in the WEM scenario and a 72% reduction in the WAM scenario compared to 1990 levels. The largest percentage of emissions come from the energy sector, a 72% reduction could occur if in this sector achieve a reduction of 64% in 2050, compared to 1990. These projections do not propose measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the IPPU sector, so the forecasts are taken according to the basic regression model, which by 2050 compared to 1990 is expected to increase of greenhouse gases by 153%.

MKD

Europe & Central Asia

national energy efficiency. While identifying a huge potential, we should take practical approach to gradually realize it in phased manner since EE&C implementation requires huge investment and time. And it is estimated that with formulating suitable regulatory measures and incentive mechanisms, which are mentioned in the following pages, in accordance with nationwide actions for energy conservation, approx. 20% reduction of primary energy consumption per GDP can be achieved by 2030. And by 2021, when gas and power supply shortage is expected, 15% reduction of primary energy consumption per GDP is to be achieved. Here in the Master Plan, EE&C target and road map are set as Table 2-1. The targets both for 2021 and 2030 are set with consideration of the EE&C potential and current energy consumption status; i.e. low electrification ratio, insufficient industry's environmental protection measures, improvement of work condition and life style etc. Final goal of EE&C policies is to realize self-reliant cycles, rather than compulsory EE&C activities. We aim to accomplish the target, and realize a "self-reliant EE&C" society by 2030.

BGD

South Asia

Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2020 on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 (OJ L 198, 22.6.2020, p. 13). contribute substantially to an environmental objective, or have no or an insignificant schemes, are designed to ensure compliance with the principle across all stages of

SVN

Europe & Central Asia

9. The Ministry of Information and Communications organizes the implementation of activities to promote digital transformation and develop digital resources for socio-economic development in accordance with the committed objectives. Directing press agencies, timely communicating information to organizations, enterprises and participants to realize the committed goals. - To assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with concerned ministries and branches in, organizing an assessment of the need for clean technology, low carbon emissions in Vietnam to fulfill the commitment to achieve net emissions of "zero" by 2050; organize the implementation of science and technology tasks, innovation and low-carbon development in industries and fields. 7. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, relevant ministries, branches and agencies in implementing climate diplomacy activities, effectively taking advantage of external resources, and enhancing the role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Vietnam's role and position in bilateral and multilateral organizations, mechanisms and forums.

VNM

East Asia & Pacific

Hungary’s mitigation actions, as member state of the European Union, are determined to a great extent by the policies and regulations of the EU. 2050 EU climate target The EU’s long-term climate objective is to reach climate neutrality by 2050. This target was adopted by the European Council in December 2019, forms a part of the EU long-term strategy submitted for the UNFCCC, and is legally binding due to the adaptation of (EU) 2021/1119 Regulation (‘European Climate Law’).

HUN

Europe & Central Asia

The following major targets are set to improve livestock genetics during the period of GTP II: increase the number of cattle with improved genetics from 902,390 in 2014/15 to 4,902,000 by 2019/20; increase field artificial insemination efficiency by reducing number of services per conception from 2.4 in 2014/15 to 2 by 2019/20; increase the number of liquid nitrogen production centres from 21 in 2014/15 to 30 by 2019/20; and increase the annual artificial insemination service delivery capacity from 1.75 million in 2014/15 to 5.2 million by the end of the plan period. Production of livestock quality vaccine with international standard will increase from 226 million doses in 2014/15 to 306 million doses by 2019/20; Woredas' monthly livestock disease outbreak reporting rate will increase from 45% in 2014/15 to 85% by 2019/20; the coverage of animal clinical services will increase from 60% in 2014/15 to 85% by 2019/20; the emergence of PPR in pastoral areas will be put under total control by the end of the plan period; defects on the quality of hides will be reduced by controlling external parasites and skin diseases of goats and sheep; the area which is free from tsetse flies will increase from 58,500 square kilometre in 2014/15 to 91,500 square kilometre by 2019/20; the coverage of vaccination based on risk level will increase from 70% in 2014/15 to 95% by 2019/20. Animal feed production will increase from 68 million tons in 2014/15 to 184 million tons by 2019/20; communal grazing land and rangeland developed will increase from 1.32 million hectare in 2014/15 to 4 million hectare by 2019/20; the number of fodder producers that meet the requirements of Fodder Safety, Quality and Inspection Guideline will increase from 40% in 2014/15 to 90% by 2019/20. Overall, the amount of annual and perennial fodder seed production will increase from 2.2 thousand tons in 2014/15 to 8.9 thousand tons by 2019/20; and livestock feed from industrial by-products will increase from 1.5 million tons in 2014/15 to 3.3 million tons by 2019/20.

ETH

Sub-Saharan Africa

At the same time, it is important to plan competitiveness programs in the area of energy and climate, with a view to increasing the quality and competitiveness of national research and accelerating the implementation of results and their replication. Competitiveness programs should include at least the following themes: (i) Support for participation in high-quality international research and development; (ii) Support for the establishment of technology pilots; (iii) Support for qualification, training and mobility; (iv) Support for the creation of industrial clusters in new areas of technological development; and (v) Support for the promotion of business models based on low carbon products and services; (vi) Support for the implementation of results. The Portuguese government has recently committed itself to a global investment in R&D of 3% of GDP in 2030. The goals that Portugal proposes for 2030, in terms of energy and climate and in a path towards carbon neutrality by 2050, imply continuity growth in investment in low-carbon technologies. It is thus assumed that investments in R&D in the areas of energy and climate will see their weight increase in the national effort until 2030. The European R&D&I strategy for the energy sector, including the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET Plan²3), Horizon Europe (current proposal for a program that will succeed Horizon 2020) and the Investment Plan for Europe (Junker Plan²5 ), include R&D objectives in the area of energy for the 2020-2030 time horizon. Portugal's participation and cooperation within the scope of the SET Plan has proved to be beneficial in terms of combining efforts towards common goals of penetration of new technologies and responding to joint challenges in terms of disruptive actions. Portugal has participated in the various implementation groups and activities, considering collaboration between specialist groups to be important in the development of coordination actions and other forms of collaboration for the development of targeted projects, with the aim of meeting ambitious goals on the horizon 2030.

PRT

Europe & Central Asia

of mitigation Quebec - Making establishments eco-responsible Brief description Residual forest biomass program of Quebec Brief description Energy efficiency program of New Brunswick Brief description targeted Buildings GHG targeted co, activity targeted Reduce GHG emissions and energy consumption in the building sector (institutional) Type of instrument Improve efficiency Energy saving of buildings and activities for all types of fuels implemented implementation Measure implemented 2016 implementation of implementation Quebec mitigation in 2020 (kt of CO eq.) 22.8 The program aims to provide financial assistance for projects to implement one or more targeted means of saving fossil fuel consumption with a view to reducing or overall avoidance of GHG emissions. An example of a project: Work to replace boilers running on oil or natural gas with systems running on renewable energy (geothermal, aerothermal, electric boilers, etc.). Buildings co conomie Qubec Measure implemented in 2013 Reduce GHG emissions from heating buildings This program aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the consumption of fossil fuels by financing energy conversion projects aimed at replace fossil fuels with residual forest biomass. Buildings CO, NO Voluntary Agreement Implemented 2005 New Brunswick 79.4 Mitigation by 2030 (kt CO eq) NE 60 NE 260 As a result of amendments to the Electricity Act, Efficiency New Brunswick has transferred to NB Power and NB Power has the mandate to: promote energy efficiency measures in the residential, community and commercial sectors, develop and carry out energy efficiency programs and initiatives

CAN

North America

11. Promote Local Manufacturing of Renewable Energy Technologies 11.1 Policy Provisions to Promote Local Manufacturing of Renewable Energy Technologies 12. Skills Development and Technology Transfer

ZWE

Sub-Saharan Africa

Indicator title Paved roads GHG emissions reduction rate Unemployment rate Share of new electric vehicles Mortality rate linked to traffic accidents Number of deaths linked to emissions from autonomous SLCPs. Estimated results and reduction of emissions Avoided emissions relating to the implementation of this measure are estimated at 68.2 Gg CO-e (0.9%) in 2020 to 572 Gg CO-e (5.9%) in 2025 to 1487.8 Gg CO-e (11.4%) in 2030. Methodology and Assumptions Methodology: The LEAP-IBC tool was used to project energy demand and supply to 2030; the resulting GHG emissions and construct GHG mitigation scenarios. energy and type of vehicles. Assumptions: The poor condition of the roads is a factor in the increase of GHG emissions in the Transport sub-sector. The use of electric vehicles emits virtually no GHGs. Main indicators used Unit The increase in population will lead to an increasing use of gasoline and diesel The transport sub-sector consumes gasoline, diesel and Jet kerosene The consumption of gasoline and diesel in the transport sector is growing by 5% per year. For jet kerosene, activity is considered to be very weak at the national level. Progress indicators km % % Indicators linked to sustainable development Indicators relating to impacts in terms of GHG emissions % 0.9 11.4 Per 100,000 inhabitants UT Indicator reference value 5 0.2 29 3574 8000 Target value 7574 1.5 3 15 20000 Year to which the baseline and target refer 2020 2021 2020 2019 2016 2020 Value of the indicator in the last year of the report 3634 1.9 5 0.25 28 7500 Year of the report 2021 2021 1 2021 2021 2021 Most relevant data sources for calculating the value of the indicator Ministry in charge of public works MERF Ministry of Labour, ANPE DTRF World Bank WHO

TGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

. Title of the mitigation measure. Status [Idea, planning phase, in progress, in operation] In progress " Institution in charge of implementation ONEE/MASEN. Lifespan Min. 25 years Sector and sub-sector. reduce the Kingdom's energy dependence and strengthen its electricity production capacity;. reduce the negative impact of fossil fuel imports on the State budget and on the Kingdom's trade balance; control a national resource: Morocco benefits from an exceptional rate of sunshine; Energy / electricity Radius of action [national, regional, city] National Wind farm: Jbel Hadid Essaouira mitigation Objective of the measure This is the Jbel Hadid Essaouira wind farm project, with a power of 200 MW over an area of 2,500 ha, will be commissioned in 2020 as part of the 850 MW integrated wind project. This project is part of the national energy strategy which aims to increase, by 2030, the share of renewable energies in order to reach 52% of the country's total electricity generation capacity. The project will: Total cost (Million MAD) promote the creation of a new solar sector in Morocco; reduce greenhouse gas emissions: the plant will prevent the emission of approximately 560,000 tonnes of CO per year. Activities planned under the mitigation measure Integrated development of a renewable energy installation meeting the best international standards. Contribution to the emergence of national expertise in the field of renewable energies. Incentive for the territorial development of the area of implantation according to a sustainable model involving the economic, the human and the environmental. Assumptions used 3,900 GHG avoided (T CO/year) 560,000

MAR

Middle East & North Africa

Energy for Cooking 68. 69. Strategic Targets: i. To reduce the average woodfuel energy intensity per urban household by 30% by 2015 and by 50% by 2020. ii. To reduce firewood intensity per rural household by 10% by 2020. These measures can reduce the annual wood requirements for the production of charcoal by 50% by 2020. Woodfuel share of cooking fuels for urban household averaged about 90% since 2000. Share of LPG, a potential substitute for woodfuel for cooking in urban households, was just about 6% in 2000. Commercial and Service Sector

GHA

Sub-Saharan Africa

Improving energy efficiency and saving, reducing transmission loss, and strongly developing renewable energy have made significant contributions to reducing GHG emissions in the energy sector. It is estimated that the applied measures on economical and efficient use of energy allowed a reduction of about 67.5 Mt CO2eq in 2020 compared to the BAU. Regarding renewable energy development, by 2020, the total hydropower capacity reached 22,022 MW (of which small hydropower reached 3,674 MW); wind power reached 630 MW; biomass power reached 570 MW; solar power, including rooftop solar power, reached 16,491 MW.

VNM

East Asia & Pacific

National Drought Management Strategy Paper and Action Plan (2017-2023) National Forestry Programme (2004-2023) National Strategy and Action Plan on Combating Desertification (2015-2023) • Strategic Plan for Organic Farming (2018-2022)

TUR

Europe & Central Asia

Translate policies and strategies into practical tools for decision makers and practitioners to facilitate the implementation of the Africa Strategy, the Programme of Action and the Hyogo Framework for Action. • Develop and mobilise resources to contribute to the implementation of programmes and projects on disaster risk reduction. Embed a holistic approach to systematically incorporate risk reduction measures into design and implementation of disaster preparedness, response and recovery programmes.. The Southern African Development Community's Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy and Plan of Action 2010-2015, indicate the following disaster risk reduction-related objectives:

BWA

Sub-Saharan Africa

Cambodia imports all fossil fuels that it consumes, including coal and oil. The Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) increased from 3,350 kilotons of oil equivalent (ktoe) in 2010 to 4,761 ktoe in 2015 at an average annual growth of around 7%. Electricity supply increased at an average of 20% per year from 968 GWh to 4,645 GWh in 2010 and 2015, respectively, while electricity imports from Viet Nam, Thailand, and the Lao PDR accounted for 25% in 2015 compared to 61% of the total supply in 2010 (MME-CERIAEA, 2016). Coal consumption for power generation increased largely in 2014 and 2015 due to the operation of new coal power plants (Sihanoukville 100 MW and the first 270 MW of the CIIDG Erdos Hongjun Electric Power Co., Ltd.) (MME-CERIAEA, 2016). Hydropower plants contributed about 43% of the domestic generation in 2015 compared to only 3% in 2010, while electricity generation from oil-based power plants, which shared about 93% in 2010 decreased to only 5% in 2015. Table 9 shows power generation by source from 2010 to 2015, while Table 10 shows electricity generation by source from 2010 to 2015. The Total Final Energy Consumption (TFEC) increased at an average annual growth rate of around 7% from 2,449 ktoe in 2010 to 3,413 ktoe in 2015 (MMECERIAEA, 2016).

KHM

East Asia & Pacific

The health information system (SIS) This system should provide information on health and nutrition through: the routine system; the epidemiological surveillance information system; periodic surveys and studies; the DNS nutritional surveillance system

MLI

Sub-Saharan Africa

Iceland's Report on Policies, Measures, and Projections, 2022 Transport policies and measures Participation in According to an estimate by the International Civil Aviation Organization for (ICAO) international air an international system mitigating emissions from aviation (ETS and (705) CORSIA) Incentives for low and zero emission vehicles (201) Infrastructure for low and zero emission vehicles (202) Objective and/or activity affected Legislation and regulations for clean energy transition (203) GHG affecte d carriers will need to CO₂ carbon offset 2.5 million kt CO₂e to achieve carbon neutral growth between the years 2021-2035. The quantified objective of policies 201, 202, 203 and 204 combined is a 51 kt. CO₂e reduction in emissions in 2030, NO compared to a baseline scenario in the Climate Action Plan. emissions in 2030, compared to a baseline scenario in the Climate Action Plan. CO₂, CH Type of instrument CO₂, CH, NO Economic, Regulatory The quantified objective of policies 201, 202, 203 and 204 combined is a 51 kt Coe reduction in emissions in 2030, compared to a baseline scenario in the Climate Action Plan. The quantified objective of policies 201, 202, 203 and 204 combined is a 51 kt. Coe reduction in CO₂, CH Regulatory, NO planning Fiscal Economic Status Implemented Implemented Ministry the Implemented Implementin g entity or entities Implemented Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs (FIR), Environment, Energy Climate and Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs (FIR) for Estimate of impact not available. Ministry of Industries and Innovation (ANR) Estimate of mitigation impact (not cumulative, in kt CO eq) Ministry of Industries and Innovation (ANR) 2025 2030 2035 Estimate of impact not available. Estimate of impact not available. Estimate of impact not available. 2040 Iceland's Report on Policies, Measures, and Projections, 2022

ISL

Europe & Central Asia

Climate Threat and the Expected Impact: Climate change is likely to increase population movements from Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean and impact neighboring countries. Increases in human migration may require more resources and operational capacity at the U.S. border to facilitate the application of immigration law, including the law governing claims for humanitarian protection. Additionally, climate change may impact patterns of disease and infection among humans, animals, and plants putting members of the DHS workforce at increased risk of illness. As with Vulnerability 2, national security risks are Vulnerability 2: Resources to Assess Mission Essential Functions and Critical Infrastructure The Department must determine a standard financial method for determining cost impacts. The risk of climate change will be incorporated into the Department's existing risk management and continuity processes.

USA

North America