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disposal capabilities. Metered dose inhaler. EPA is defining an MDI as "a handheld pressurized inhalation system that delivers small, precisely measured therapeutic doses of medication directly to the

USA

North America

The estimates for the Energy Sector were affected by increased imports of petroleum fuels since 2012. There was a general increase in the emissions of CO2, CH4, and NO over the period across all the subsectors except for the transport sub-sector showing a slight decrease from the 2015 level. The electricity generation sub-sector saw a slightly increase in the use of petroleum fuels. The use of renewable energy sources combined with the importation of electricity from Mexico helped to mitigate GHG emissions for electricity generation. The largest increase in use of petroleum fuel during this study period was in the transport sub-sector which contributed to increasing the greenhouse gas emissions. The increase in petroleum fuel consumption was in three sub-sectors; land, sea and air, and this sub-sector contributed to the greater proportion of the sector emissions. However, there was a decrease in petroleum products consumption and emissions for the transport sub-sector in 2017. Fuel consumption for national aviation

BLZ

Latin America & Caribbean

The natural environment is one of the most important and effective solutions we have for capturing and sequestering carbon long-term. We will safeguard our cherished landscapes, restore habitats for wildlife in order to combat biodiversity loss and adapt to climate change, all whilst creating green jobs. We will protect our natural environment through the creation of new National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). We will start the process for designating more of England's beautiful and iconic landscapes as National Parks and AONBS, safeguarding these areas for future generations and bringing more people within closer reach of nature. These new National Landscapes will play a key role in meeting the Government's commitment to protect and improve 30% of UK land by 2030. We will immediately create more green jobs with a 40 million second round of the Green Recovery Challenge Fund. This fund will help create and retain thousands of jobs to work on nature conservation and restoration projects across England helping to improve biodiversity and tackle climate change.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Singapore is well on track to meet our 2020 pledge of reducing emissions by 16% below 2020 business-as-usual (BAU) levels. Building on our 2020 pledge, Singapore has also formalised our 2030 commitment as outlined in our Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Singapore aims to reduce our Emissions Intensity by 36% from 2005 levels by 2030, and stabilise our emissions with the aim of peaking around 2030.

SGP

East Asia & Pacific

Among the 37% reduction target compared to BAU to reduce emissions to 536 million tons by 2030, the domestic reduction amount was raised from 25.7% to 32.5% Confirmation of the total permitted emission amount of 1,777.13 million tons for 2018-2020 for companies applying the Emissions Trading Scheme

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

energy balance prepared for 2018 GHG Inventory which was calculated based on extrapolated data. and then ramps up again. seven thousand (47,000) in 2030 taking into account the impact of COVID-19. It was assumed that

LCA

Latin America & Caribbean

57 http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-361-232-7 In addition, Finland strives to become the world's first fossil-free welfare society. Finland's goal is that the production of electricity and heat in Finland will be almost emission-free by the end of the 2030s, taking into account the aspects of maintenance and security of supply. The new goals of climate policy will be included in the Climate Act. The national climate act will be updated in such a way that the goal of carbon neutrality by 2035 is realized. However, current measures are still not enough to achieve the 2035 carbon neutrality goal. Additional measures are being prepared under the leadership of the climate and energy policy ministerial working group, e.g. in connection with the preparation of the climate and energy strategy and the medium-term climate plan. In addition, the national climate act is being reformed to meet the carbon neutrality goal of the government program. The law also includes the land use sector and the goal of strengthening carbon sinks. These changes are intended to ensure that Finland achieves its very ambitious national climate goals.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

the use of Ethanol instead of Gasoline should be responsible for avoiding the release of around 508 million tons of CO in the period between 2008 and 2017; the use of Biodiesel, replacing Diesel in the ten-year period, should be responsible for avoiding the release of around 62 million tons of CO the use of biofuels, instead of fossil fuels, should be responsible for avoiding the release of 570 million tons of CO in the period between 2008 and 2017.

BRA

Latin America & Caribbean

contribution National long-term GHG emissions target Target year Base year Cumulative emission reductions by 2030 Equity sector targets Contribution Low carbon scenario (2030) 2030 2012 Short-lived air pollutants (SLCPs/SLCPs) Scenario low carbon (2030) Low carbon scenario (2030) Reduction of GHG emissions compared to emissions in the target year (2030) in a base scenario (Business As Usual or BAU). -28% Composition of the electricity mix: 26% coal, 32% natural gas in the combined cycle, 26% hydroelectricity and 16% of other energies from renewable sources (EnR), i.e. a total of 42% of EnR in the electricity mix in 2030. Intensification and mechanization of agriculture and animal production. Reduction of GHG emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Sustainable management and recovery of waste. -Cte d'Ivoire is a low GHG emitter with only 0.81 tCO/capita (excluding forestry) - The necessary development of Cte d'Ivoire (+8.4% GDP growth by 2030) s would be accompanied by an increase in emissions to 1.17 tCO/capita (+44.4%) in 2030. Cte d'Ivoire is committed to - Raising the share of renewable energies in the electricity mix to 42% (including large hydro). - Implement the strategy for reducing GHG emissions from deforestation and Ambition for forest degradation in addition to sustainable forest management and ambitious reforestation contribution policies (REDD+). The 28% drop in emissions from the low-carbon scenario compared to a baseline scenario (BAU) represents a significant effort for a country whose GDP/capita ranks 148th in the world (2014, PPP basis). Cte d'Ivoire is committed to reducing short-lived climate-impacting air pollutants in addition to long-lived GHGs. To this end, the country will develop, by 2018, a national SLCP SLCP reduction action plan whose contributions to global warming are clearly established by UNEP in its 2011 report.

CIV

Sub-Saharan Africa

Development and implementation of an energy efficiency regulatory framework in SE buildings 6E Financial incentives for citizens/private households (for energy 7E efficiency investments) BE Increased energy efficiency in public buildings 9E Energy labelling and eco- design requirements for energy-related products Establishment and implementation of EE criteria in public tendering eliminate lignite as a fuel used for heating purposes in Pljevlja at the latest by 2030. The phasing out of lignite used in Pljevlja municipality's residential sector will result in a GHG emission reduction that follows the dynamics of the lignite decrease throughout the observed period. The implementation of legislation on the minimum requirements for the energy efficiency of buildings, certification of building energy performance and regular energy audits for heating and air- conditioning systems are already generating results in terms of reduced building energy consumption. This measure has a major impact on the refurbishment of existing buildings and new buildings, as all fully refurbished buildings and new buildings must meet the minimum requirements. The objective of this measure is to improve energy efficiency and comfort conditions in selected public-sector buildings. The implementation of the measure is expected to initiate the development of the services market in the construction sector and cause a positive impact on the overall socio- economic environment. It is also expected to achieve remarkable results in the area of environmental conservation. The aim of this measure is to make financial support mechanisms available to individuals for investing in energy efficiency and RES. It includes the introduction of dedicated state and local government subsidizing programmes for energy savings in private households and RES use. Measures that contribute to reducing energy needs, as well as use of solar energy and modern forms of biomass (pellets, briquettes, wood chips) should be primarily encouraged. The energy labelling and eco-design requirements reflect the approximation of the EU's directives/regulations for energy- related products. The energy labelling legal provisions require that economic operators provide customers with information about the energy consumption of the devices. The eco

MNE

Europe & Central Asia

For 2020, the EU has set an EU GHG emission reduction target of at least 20 % when compared to 1990. At European level, sectors covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) should reduce their emissions by 21 % compared to 2005 levels and other sectors not covered by the EU ETS (non-ETS) should reduce their emissions by 10 % in relation to 2005 levels. Within the scope of the Climate and Energy Package for 2020, this emission reduction target was coupled with the establishment of EU targets of 20 % share of renewable energy in final energy consumption and an increase in energy efficiency by 20 % (EE).

PRT

Europe & Central Asia

Barriers for energy sector Legal framework and regulatory EBS is the only electricity provider. There is a dependency on the willingness of EBS to accept another player in the energy market. Energy supply is subsidized, without incentives for increasing efficiency or evaluation of energy costs. Uncertainty with regard to tariffs for renewable energy Poor maintenance operation practice Slow adaptation rate Description of the barrier and Renewable energy projects often fail because of poor maintenance. Lack of data and capacity to develop sustainable renewable energy project Complexity of planning and implementation of public transportation projects, which It often takes time before people are used to a new system. The adaptation problem often occurs during the implementation phase of the new technology. The lack of data on different aspects of renewable energy sources and lack of technical knowledge regarding the application of new systems often results in the slow implementation of these systems. Encouraging measures production of electricity from renewable energy sources, especially solar, wind, and biomass, mainly for following reasons: Reduction of fossil fuel import Reduction of air pollution Promotion of modern technologies Legislation should be developed / changed to support the use of renewable energy sources. GoS stimulates introduction of biofuel into the energy mix of Suriname creating economic incentive measures for the sale of renewable energy to EBS and by creating related feed-in tariff and licensing arrangements for renewable energy generation. Proper training programs for maintenance workers as well as operators conducted during the commissioning phase of the project, and yearly refreshment trainings. Training costs and maintenance costs should be calculated in yearly budget. | Adequate support through (governmental) regulations and awareness campaigns. Encourage training of new professionals in this field through enrollment in technical schools and the University, focusing on the use of new technologies and research into new options. Impose a differential tax on vehicles based on qualification of vehicle a

SUR

Latin America & Caribbean

phase that the entire PAYGO solar industry is facing. mangrove rehabilitation to build safe and adaptive coastlines, while simultaneously introducing sustainable land use. The Building with Nature approach is mainstreamed in

NLD

Europe & Central Asia

1. To advance the transition of transportation in Israel to petroleum alternatives between the years 2013 and 2025, and to allow for the feasibility of reducing the weight of petroleum-based fuels as an energy source in transportation in Israel at a rate of approximately 30% by 2020, and by approximately 60% by 2025, in relation to the forecasted consumption for those years, as long as the transition is economically viable, through: weight of petroleum-based fuels as an energy source in transportation in Israel at a rate of approximately 30% by 2020, and by approximately 60% by 2025, in relation to the forecasted consumption for those years, as long as the transition is economically viable, through: a. Reducing the cost of living by reducing the cost of fuels for transportation. b. Encouraging economic growth, including green growth, inter alia by reducing the cost of energy for transportation, increasing growth in the energy market and technologies industry in Israel, promoting the environmental quality and preserving fiscal-budgetary responsibility in government activities; c. Simplifying and advancing regulatory processes to initiate and establish business activities in the alternative energy field for transportation, both in the field of production and in fuel infrastructure and motor fleets. d. Establishing new regulations and policies for new forms of public and private transportation, new methods of powering vehicles, and infrastructure for alternative sources of energy for transportation. e. Accelerated regulatory incentives and support to carry out technological demonstrations and field tests of alternative energy for transportation. Advancing the assimilation of a range of additional new fuels, which will reach the market in the future and which are not specifically mentioned in the framework of the activities in this Resolution. f. 2. Governmental Action Plan

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

The RET is a legislated scheme designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the electricity sector by encouraging additional generation of electricity from renewable sources. The RET is expected to lift the share of renewables to over 23 per cent of Australia's electricity in 2020. The Government announced in August 2019 that there are enough approved projects in the pipeline to meet the RET and that it will exceed it before the end of 2020.

AUS

East Asia & Pacific

Second Biennial Updated Report of Morocco in progress, in operation] of implementation In operation life Min. 25 years Private sub-sector [national, regional, city] Energy/ electricity National (Million MAD) Wind farm: Haouma mitigation Objective of the measure This is the Haouma wind farm project with a capacity of 50.6 MW, commissioned in 2013 under Law 13-09 and part of the national energy strategy which aims to increase, by 2030, the share of renewable energies in order to reach 52% of the capacity total electricity production in the country. The project will make it possible to: (T CO/year) 986.7 150,000 the Kingdom's energy dependence and strengthen its electricity production capacity; reduce reduce control promote the creation of a new solar sector in Morocco; the negative impact of fossil fuel imports on the State budget and on the Kingdom's trade balance; a national resource: Morocco benefits from an exceptional level of sunshine; reduce greenhouse gas emissions: the plant will prevent the emission of around 150,000 tonnes of CO per year. Activities planned under the mitigation measure Integrated development of a renewable energy installation to the best international standards. Contribution to the emergence of national expertise in the field of renewable energies. Incentive for the territorial development of the area of implantation according to a sustainable model involving the economic, the human and the environmental. Assumptions adopted The forecast value of the average annual production is based on the accumulation of all the losses generated by factors internal and external to the installation, it is situated at 90% of the initial nominal producible of the plant.

MAR

Middle East & North Africa

1. from the date on which both the solar system according to 21b paragraph 1 in conjunction with 21c was assigned to the form of sale of the tenant electricity surcharge for the first time and the requirements of 21 paragraph 3 were met for the first time, as soon as the date according to number 1 in is entered in the register and provided that paragraph 3 does not conflict with this. 2nd 3rd (3) If in a calendar year the sum of the installed capacity of the solar systems for which the information pursuant to paragraph 2 number 1 is newly entered in the register exceeds the annual volume of 500 megawatts for the first time, the operators of solar systems are not entitled to the tenant electricity surcharge, where the day according to paragraph 2 number 1 is after the last calendar day of the first calendar month in the calendar year following the exceeding. The Federal Network Agency publishes the date from which the entitlement no longer exists on its website. If the annual volume of 500 megawatts is exceeded in a calendar year, the annual volume pursuant to sentence 1 is reduced in the following calendar year by the sum of the installed capacity of solar systems that exceeds 500 megawatts, for which in the calendar year of the excess there is a right to a tenant electricity surcharge for the first time has arisen. (4) Operators of solar systems for whose electricity there was no entitlement to a tenant electricity surcharge in the previous calendar year pursuant to subsection 3 are entitled to the tenant electricity surcharge in the chronological order of the date pursuant to subsection 2 number 1 in the register from the respective following calendar year, insofar as the annual volume according to paragraph 3 is not exceeded in the corresponding calendar year. Section 25 remains unaffected.

DEU

Europe & Central Asia

Standardization of ship types entering inland rivers. Improve the compulsory scrapping system for old ships. propulsionfor shipshybrid Research and development and application of energy, alternative energy technologies and solar energy, wind energy, natural gas, heat pumps and other ship life energy technologies. Gradually promote the utilization of liquefied natural gas and new energy in qualified ports, and actively promote the use of shore power for ships at ports. Strengthen the low-carbon transformation and operation management of ports and terminals. In 2020, carbon dioxide emissions per unit of passenger and cargo turnover will be reduced by 13% compared with 2010. Air transport. Improve the air traffic network and optimize the fleet structure. Actively promote aviation Use of biofuels and accelerate the application of fuel-saving technologies and measures. Strengthen airport low-carbon transformation and

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

9 10 11 Industry (National Energy Efficiency Action Plan) measures Implementation of energy efficiency in Residential and Tertiary Sector (National Energy Efficiency Action Plan) Road transport measures Recovery of organic waste energy saving interventions (installing building envelope insulation, heat insulated window frames, energy class A air-conditioning units, energy saving light bulbs, high-efficiency burners and boilers, exhaust heat recovery, etc.); - developing and implementing systems for the recovery/saving and/or substitution of conventional energy and water in the production process; - the procurement costs of equipment for energy self-production from RES and substitution of fuels with natural gas or LPG; - bioclimatic and small-scale building interventions to save energy/heat/water; - conducting energy audits and benchmarking: -streamlining of equipment, upgrade of facilities and installation of new energy efficient technologies; - education and training of staff. Several actions are included in the Energy Efficiency National Action Plans concerning the conservation and rational use of energy in the residential and tertiary sector. Apart from the introduction of natural gas and RES, the measures concern actions for the improvement of the thermal behavior of residential sector buildings and promotion of energy efficiency appliances and heating equipment. These actions are supported significantly by the incorporation in the Greek legislation of the Directive 2002/91/EC by Law 3661/08 "Measures to reduce the energy consumption of buildings"; the Law 4122/2013 "Energy performance of buildings" (transposition of Directive 2010/31/EE); the Law 3855/2010 "Measures to improve energy efficiency in end-use, energy services and other provisions" (transposition of Directive 2006/32/EC); the adoption and application of the "Energy Performance of Buildings Regulation" (KENAK); and the transposition to the Greek legislation of European Directive 27/2012/EU by Law 4342/2015. GHG emissions from the transport sector present a declining trend mainly due to economic crisis. Nevertheless they are still considerable both in Greece and in European Union, and, consequently the implementation of suitable policies and restriction measures is required. The main axes of intervention and implemented policies and measures in the sector, beyond the introduction of biofuels for road

GRC

Europe & Central Asia

such as the IDPs and Spatial Development Plans (SDPs) remains limited and requires more attention Sector specific climate change adaptation strategies have been developed for water; agriculture, or are in draft form (DEA, 2016a). All have also several targets and key performance indicators for

ZAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

The Medium Term Plan (MTP) marks a return to strategic development planning in Zimbabwe. The Plan outlines the pedestal for consolidating the macro- economic stability achieved under the Short-Term Emergency Recovery Programme (STERP), and advances the mandate to support the restoration of economic stability and growth in Zimbabwe espoused in Article III of the Global Political Agreement (GPA). The MTP is a comprehensive economic blueprint, which reflects the collective wisdom and shared goals pursued by the Inclusive Government. It outlines the economic policies, projects and programmes that will guide the nation and set the national priorities for the next five years, 2011-2015. Maintaining macro-economic stability and restoring the economy's capacity to produce goods and services competitively, and empowering our people to fully participate in the economy, will be key to achieving this vision. This home-grown Plan will serve to empower Zimbabweans both economically and socially in order to eradicate poverty and ensure sustainable development.

ZWE

Sub-Saharan Africa

Renewable Energy Sources. Mongolia adopted the State Policy on Energy to increase the share of the renewable energy in the total energy generation to 20% by 2020 and 30% by 2030. However, the State Policy implementation is still insufficient and the share of the renewable energy generation accounts for only 4.0%. The share shall increase in the future.

MNG

East Asia & Pacific

Setting ambitious quantitative 2030 decarbonisation targets for the oil and gas, and power sectors, which will guide UKEF on its pathway to net zero by 2050. Committing to set an emissions intensity-based decarbonisation target for its aviation sector exposure within 12 months. 21. Building on the experience of the TCFD, the UK government has been one of the largest supporters of the global, market-led Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) - in recognition of the increasingly financial material risks associated with biodiversity loss. The TNFD has been set up to create a risk

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Documentation Reason for Recalculation: In case of enteric fermentation, specified data on cattle distribution by breeds was used. Nitrogen excretion rate depends on amount of managed manure N available for soil application, i.e. on cattle breed. Table 2.15.4: Category-Specific Documentation of Recalculations (Manure management) Documentation Reason for Recalculation: The specified data on cattle distribution by breeds has been provided by the highly experienced person Mr. Levan Tortladze - Head of the Department of Zootechny of the Agrarian University of Georgia. Emission factor for enteric fermentation significantly depends on cattle breed.

GEO

Europe & Central Asia

Belize is committed towards achieving the central aim of the Paris Agreement by pursuing efforts to limit the global temperature increase even to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. This commitment led to the development and submission of Belize's first NDC on April 20th, 2016 and the updated NDC set out below. In parallel to the NDC update, which updates previous medium-term mitigation and adaptation targets to 2030, Belize is developing a Low Emission Development Strategy (LEDS) to set out the country's long term mitigation ambitions to 2050. This process, supported by the UNDP, will aim to define a long-term target for low carbon and carbon neutral development. 5 Mitigation targets and actions

BLZ

Latin America & Caribbean

1.2.1 Reducing the share of waste disposed by landfilling 1.2.1.1. 1.2.1.N.1 To reduce by 2020 the amount of biodegradable municipal waste deposited to landfills to 35% of the total amount of MoE biodegradable municipal waste produced in 1995 (in line with Directive 1999/31/EC) To set the charges for waste disposal at landfills, so that the costs of this, from the perspective of environmental protection the least appropriate method of waste treatment, MoE are at least levelled with the costs of a more suitable method (i.e. energy recovery) and in accordance with the waste hierarchy 2020 2018 1.2.2 Increasing the share of material and energy recovery of waste

CZE

Europe & Central Asia

2.2 Additional national energy efficiency targets At the end of 2013, the Energy Agreement for sustainable growth was concluded. The targets agreed in the agreement include a saving in final energy consumption by an average of 1.5% per year and 100 PJ additional savings in final energy consumption in 2020 (SER 2013). 2.3 Primary energy savings

NLD

Europe & Central Asia

To date, these initiatives have been progressing in parallel. We aim to play our part, including through IOSCO, to bring these initiatives together and drive them forward in a way that will best meet the needs of capital markets, and serve the public interest. Net zero commitments by companies Looking beyond disclosure frameworks and standards, companies are increasingly making commitments towards net zero in their long-term business plans to ensure that real action is taken. We have seen an increasing number of companies, across different sectors, make net zero carbon emissions commitments. These are long- term commitments that require significant strategic and organisational change.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

We mobilised £12 billion of government investment, shared some of the risks of pioneering new industries, and began to introduce regulations to assure industry of the future demand for green products - such as through our decision to end the sale of new petrol and diesel cars by 2030. We have also invested in the skills the British workforce will Our Strategy for Net Zero 3. We will ensure that the most vulnerable are protected through Government support

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Title of mitigation measure Status [Idea, planning phase, in progress, in operation] Planning phase. Institution in charge of implementation MASEN Lifetime Min. 20 years Sector and Radius of action sub-sector [national, regional, city] Energy/ electricity National reduce the Kingdom's energy dependence and strengthen its electricity production capacity; reduce the negative impact of fossil fuel imports on the state budget and on the Kingdom's trade balance; mastering a national resource: Morocco benefits from an exceptional level of sunshine; promote the creation of a new solar industry in Morocco; reduce greenhouse gas emissions: the plant will avoid the emission of approximately 288,833 tons of CO per year. Activities planned under the mitigation measure Total cost (Million MAD) 2,000 GHG avoided (TCO;/year) Photovoltaic solar power plant: Noor Atlas Objective of the mitigation measure This is the construction project of a photovoltaic solar power plant, with a capacity of 200 MW which will be operated according to an independent energy production (IPP) scheme. This plant is part of the national energy strategy which aims to increase, by 2030, the share of renewable energies in order to reach 52% of the country's total electricity production capacity. The project will make it possible to: 288,833 Integrated development of a renewable energy installation to the highest international standards. Contribution to the emergence of national expertise in the field of renewable energies. Incentive for the territorial development of the area of implantation according to a sustainable model involving the economic, the human and the environmental. Assumptions adopted The forecast value of the average annual production is based on the accumulation of all the losses generated by factors internal and external to the installation, it is situated at 60% of the initial nominal producible of the plant.

MAR

Middle East & North Africa

Key policies: Supporting low-carbon farming and agricultural innovation through the Farming Investment Fund and the Farming Innovation Programme to invest in equipment, technology, and infrastructure to improve profitability, benefit the environment and support emissions reductions. We will boost the existing 640 million Nature for Climate Fund with a further 124 million of new money, ensuring total spend of more than 750 million by 2025 on peat restoration, woodland creation and management - above and beyond what was promised in the manifesto. This will enable more opportunities for farmers and landowners to support Net Zero through land use change. Restoring approximately 280,000 hectares of peat in England by 2050 and trebling woodland creation rates in England, contributing to the UK's overall target of increasing planting rates to 30,000 hectares per year by the end of the Parliament. 75 million on net zero related R&D across Natural Resources, Waste & F-gases, to inform our pathway to 2037. New employment

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Activities or Measures to Achieve the Overall Objective with Specific Objectives 1. By 2020 increase the share of renewable energy (excluding hydro power plants exceeding 10 MW) in the overall consumption to 20%. 2. Ensure 12% of the average energy consumption and 21% of the electrical energy consumption from renewable sources. 3. Reduce indirect consumption by 9% until 2006 in relation to the average 2001 - 2005. 2012 PROGE 4. By 2012 reduce the primary energy consumption by 20%. 5. Decrease the energy intensity per unit of GDP until 2015 in the range of 1-2% per year. A desirable goal for renewable energy would be to satisfy 7% of the overall energy demand in this way by 2015, excluding combustible renewables and waste. 6. By 2015 (in comparison with 1990), the number of households without access to electrical energy should be reduced by 50%. 7. Use regulations to define the requirements of energy efficiency and environmental acceptability that must be met by energy facilities, new industrial installations and certain production, service and trade companies. Overall Objective

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

LAND USE AND FORESTRY SECTOR TARGET 02.1. Reducing deforestation and forest damage by 20% by 2020 compared to 2007 values OBJECTIVE 03. TO LIMIT LAND USE AND CHANGE, SUCH AS FOREST, RANGE, AGRICULTURE AND SETTLEMENT, FROM THE NEGATIVE AFFECTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE

TUR

Europe & Central Asia

Figure 4: Different scenarios of GHG emissions from 2000 to 2030 The activities relating to the conditional and unconditional scenarios are presented in the appendix. 1 Reduction of emissions by 5% compared to the reference scenario by 2030, ie a cumulative 10 Mt eq-CO₂.

HTI

Latin America & Caribbean

Several exploitable residues can be derived from it. For example, there is the digestate which is used for soil fertilization. The gas industrial applications (businesses, homes, public or agricultural buildings), as well as electricity. 5-4-African experiences of Jatropha

MAR

Middle East & North Africa

Overview contributor to national GHGs emission, has undertaken steps to increase the use of clean and environmentally friendly sources. The Renewable Energy Act, 2011 implemented the Feed-in Tariff (FiT) mechanism to accelerate renewable energy (RE) growth in Malaysia, and since then RE installed capacity has grown from 53 megawatts (MW) in 2009 to 243 MW in 2014. In adapting to climate change, nearly a million people have been shielded from the detrimental impact of floods through the implementation of 194 flood mitigation projects. 23,264 hectares of forested areas have been declared as Permanent Reserved Forest under the Central Forest Spine initiative, helping to sustain Malaysia's natural endowment. In the Eleventh Malaysia Plan, 2016-2020, green growth will be a fundamental shift in how Malaysia sees the role of natural resources and the environment in its socio-economic development, protecting both development gains and biodiversity at the same time. Building a socio-economic development strategy that will increase the resilience to climate change and natural disasters remains critical. To pursue green growth, the enabling environment will be strengthened - particularly in terms of policy and regulatory framework, human capital, green technology investment, and financial instruments. This enabling environment will facilitate a shift in the economy, particularly in the private sector, towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production. This transformation will ensure sustainability of the nation's natural resources, minimise pollution, and strengthen energy, food and water security. By conserving biodiversity, the continuity of their function as a natural buffer against climate change and natural disaster can be strengthened. This buffer, complemented by structural approaches such as innovative flood mitigation and green infrastructure, as well as non-structural approaches like hazard risk maps and warming system, will strengthen disaster risk management and ultimately improve the wellbeing and quality of life of the rakyat.

MYS

East Asia & Pacific

This secretariat establishes the policy aimed at increasing the participation of clean and renewable sources of energy in the generation of electricity in Mexico. At the same time, it suggests reducing subsidies to fossil fuels without this leading to a reduction in the quality or security of the supply of electricity to the entire population. Among other strategies, it proposes integrating community participation in programs for the development of renewable energy sources (DOF, 2013d). Until now, the participation of renewable energy sources and clean technologies in the installed capacity of electricity generation in the electrical system has grown steadily, with an average rate of at least 3% per year during 2012 and 2016, with a participation of 28.6% of the national total for this last year (SENER, 2018). Due to its objectives, SENER contributes to the achievement of SDGs 7, 9 and 13 by reducing the carbon intensity of Mexico's electricity generation matrix, expanding access to electricity in rural communities through distributed generation, increasing infrastructure electricity in the country and reduce GHG emissions from the energy sector.

MEX

Latin America & Caribbean

Phasing of the objectives The requirement will be reviewed in light of the updates of the cost optimum study and of the climate and energy targets, the most recent revision of which (June 2018) indicates that the most favorable value is above the Q-ZEN level. The 2023 review will determine whether the ZEN level can become the new standard from 2025. In any case, Wallonia is aiming for carbon neutrality in new buildings from 2027. For collective housing, the obligations are imposed on the scale of the apartment and the building. A specific report must be drawn up for the roof, facades and other common parts, based on the recommendations of the EPB certificates for the common parts. The co-ownership is responsible for implementing the recommendations for the common areas.

BEL

Europe & Central Asia

77. The mitigation actions in the transport sector focus on (1) supporting the development and enhancing the technology penetration rate of hybrid vehicles (4 million by 2030), electric vehicles (3 million by 2030) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (0.85 million by 2030) by supporting demonstration projects and providing subsidies; (2) setting requirements for the fuel efficiency of different vehicle types (fuel efficiency for medium and large vehicles are 2 and 7.5 per cent by 2023 and 2030 respectively compared with 2021-2022); (3) setting a gradually increasing biodiesel fraction (to reach 5 per cent by 2030); and (4) minimizing time on the road by leveraging information communication technology on the basis of real-time traffic updates.

KOR

East Asia & Pacific

- 114- Name of the event The concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 (2008) The Energy Strategy of Russia for the period up to 2030 (2009) and the Draft Energy Strategy for the period up to 2035 (2015) The State Program of the RUSSIAN Federation Energy Saving and Improving energy efficiency for the period up to 2020>> (2010) Main goal Expanding the use of renewable energy sources. Promoting the modernization of production in order to reduce energy and material consumption. Development and implementation of new technologies for the production of electrical and thermal energy. Creation of economic incentives for the modernization of production. use of environmentally friendly and (or) energy-saving technologies. Reducing emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, reducing the generation of production and consumption waste. The level of utilization of associated petroleum gas is not lower than 95%, efficient waste disposal. Development of renewable energy sources and non-fuel energy (hydropower, nuclear power). Introduction of the best available technologies Increasing the energy efficiency of the economy. formation of a careful attitude to resources and electricity. Saving energy resources. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions GREENHOUSE GASES C02; CH4; #20 00: CH N.0 COz; CH4; NO Type of activity Implementing- Regulatory-legal, practical, financial- current economic time Regulatory-legal, practical Deadlines Financial- economic, practical Currently being implemented Completed in 2013 D. Implementers Federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry of Education and Science State and private companies Federal executive authorities, State and private companies and other organizations Expected reduction of emissions in 2020, million tons It does not seem POSSIBLE to assess the decline 696 It is not possible to assess the decline Come naynoname voorneme FOTEMEROn verrepas

RUS

Europe & Central Asia

ASSESSMENT OF KEY INDICATORS AND TRENDS • The contribution of transport towards GDP increased from around 9.4% in 2003 to around 12% in 2012;. A reduction in annual fatalities on all forms of transport from 57 in 2009 to 41 in 2012; • Reduce annual carbon dioxide emissions per capita from 1.6mt to 1.0mt and review the legislation to further reduce the opacity threshold to lower than 50%.. Reduced vehicle emission opacity from 70% to 50 % (currently 50 %). This indicator will be measured from this year after the purchase of the vehicle emission tester; and An increase in the number of registered vehicles from around 80,139 in 1990 to around 171,157 in 2011. New Government Vessels to Improve Maritime Links

FJI

East Asia & Pacific

The ultimate success of this Green Growth Framework will require substantial finance and investment in infrastructure, natural resource management as well as capacity and skills development. In addition to domestic resource mobilisation, other potential sources include Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Overseas Development Assistance (ODA), public-private partnerships (PPP) and other options, to cover the costs of start-ups. All finance options need to be considered. Revenue Policy will play an increasingly important role in Fiji's transition to green growth. Options incl taxing unsustainable behavior and incentives to assist green industries. Particular attention should be give incentives to encourage renewable energy, recycling, waste management, green production and technolog innovation. Tougher penalties for over pollution and poor waste disposal also warrant consideration. Expenditure Policy can support transition to a green economy through strategies such as public procurem of green goods and services; possible grants for greening industries and technological innovation sim to support for market access under the National Export Strategy: prioritising the delivery of green go and services through the micro, small, and medium enterprise development programmes; and shifting subsidies from brown activities towards green growth. Foreign Direct Investment is needed to develop industries, technology and practices that directly benefit environment because these are developed largely outside Fiji. Restrictions on foreign ownership, repatrial of profits and high tariffs can be barriers to green FDI and technology transfer. A review of current investm policies and regulations is needed in order to identify areas where adjustments can be made to support gr FDI, particularly to facilitate technology transfer and capacity building. Public Private Partnerships offer a model for using public funds to mitigate risks and attract pri investment. This could be most relevant in sectors where investment is limited by concerns over technol regulatory and market risks and high financing costs. The regulatory framework will need to be streamline order to facilitate PPP in green infrastructure development. Overseas Development Assistance is an important source of finance for green investments, building w relevant on proven practice from similar situations. Major projects in renewable energy and sustain agriculture can be financed along with other smaller initiatives possessing strong potential, such as feasib studies, pilot projects and technical training. A more concerted effort is needed to pursue aid funds pled to developing countries in support of sustainable development and improving coordination for all government stakeholders (private sector, civil society and

FJI

East Asia & Pacific

The main energy policy objectives in the field are as follows: Increasing the use of renewable energy sources in the final energy use to at least 15% in 2020 and further increase in the following years; Increasing the share of biofuels in the market of transport fuels to 10% by 2020, and increasing the use of second generation biofuels;. Protecting forests against overexploitation in order to obtain biomass, and balanced use of agricultural areas for production of renewable energy sources, including biofuels, so as not to allow competition between renewable energy production and agriculture and to preserve biodiversity; Using the existing weirs owned by the State Treasury for power generation; Increasing the diversification of supply sources and the creation of optimal conditions for distributed power generation based on locally available resources. 5.2. Measures to increase the use of renewable energy sources

POL

Europe & Central Asia

The Republic of North Macedonia is one of the smallest countries in the South-eastern Europe region, with around 2.077 million inhabitants (2018). In 2017, its gross domestic product (GDP) was EUR 10.7 billion and GDP per capita was EUR 5,153. As of 2019, the unemployment rate was 17.1%. Compared to the other sectors, the Energy sector by far has the largest share in the GHG emissions in the country. This is because this sector is mainly based on fossil fuels, primarily coal, which accounts for over 80% of the total energy demand. In the last few years, a certain decreasing trend of the share of fossil fuels can be noted, primarily due to an increase in the electricity import, which additionally increases the import dependence of the country, estimated at 54%. There is also an increasing trend of the share of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption, which from 17.7% in 2009 has increased to 19.6 % in 2017. The efficiency of the Macedonian energy system (conversion from the total required energy into final energy) is about 71%. This value is almost at the same level as the member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Europe, where it is about 70%.

MKD

Europe & Central Asia

data related to the emission of GEL Energy Sector area hd tec 1819 11 ABU Energy Sector 13 Mobility Building Area Medium term (2030) Increase the percentage of electric propulsion vehicles in the national passenger car fleet to 20% and 30% of the public administration fleet. Reduce 84% of trips by private vehicle in the Central Valley and position mobility on foot or personal mobility vehicles as the majority. Maximize public transport users without increasing GEL emissions from 2030. Halve emissions Decarbonization of the sector derived from internal transport. Medium term (2030) Continue promoting efficient rehabilitation. Any new building as of January 1, 2020, must be almost zero energy consumption. Incorporate an energy manager before the end of the year 2020. Carry out an action plan based on the energy audits carried out before the year 2022 in all the heated buildings of the Administration. Pursue a 15% reduction in energy consumption by the Public Administration as an exemplary role as of October 2022. Long Term (2050) Increase the percentage of electric-powered vehicles in the national passenger car fleet to 50% and 70% of the public administration fleet. Decarbonization of the mobility sector. Long Term (2050) of the houses to make them more Placement of renewable energies in all the buildings of the Administration, thus reducing the consumption of electricity and heating in public establishments. 43

AND

Europe & Central Asia

Doubling of the proportion of students pursuing courses in the Sciences and ICTs by 2017; All community centres equipped with ICT technology for distance education by 2014; and Productivity in all sectors, including the Public Sector, significantly increased.

TTO

Latin America & Caribbean

1. Background and introduction Climate change is recognised as one of the most challenging issues to sustainable development in Kiribati. The Office of the Beretitenti/Office of the President (OB) of the Government of Kiribati has indicated the need to increase awareness and understanding of climate change and climate risk, and their effects on key development sectors (such as water, food security and health) to strengthen the resilience of i-Kiribati to adapt to its adverse impacts. Reflecting the Government's 'whole of country' approach, OB, line ministries, development partners and Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) have together developed the Kiribati Joint Implementation Plan for Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (KJIP). The KJIP identifies and prioritises national and community actions within each sector, and indicates the level of investment required to support these initiatives. Facilitated through development partners and regional agencies, this process is coordinated by the OB and overseen by the Kiribati National Expert Group (KNEG), an advisory panel comprised of representatives from government ministries, NGOs and key partners.

KIR

East Asia & Pacific

by the ratio of primary energy demand to the country's GDP value contribution measured in 2005 real terms. The target is to reduce energy intensity by 45 percent by 2035 in line with Brunei Darussalam's commitment to APEC. Renewable Energy in Total Power Generation Mix: Renewable energy is energy that comes from resources that can be naturally replenished such as solar and waste-to-energy. Currently, Brunei Darussalam produces about 1,700 MWh of solar energy per year. The target is to increase the share of renewable energy in the total power generation mix by 2.7 percent or 124,000 MWh by 2017 and by 10 percent or 954,000 MWh by 2035.

BRN

East Asia & Pacific

It determines the amount of electrical energy supplied to and drawn from the grid. and notifies the relevant supply company until the sixth day of each month. (3) Relevant network operators; the total amount of unlicensed generators covered by this clause in their own networks.

TUR

Europe & Central Asia

NEP_AntiguaBarbuda Layout 1 6/10/13 5:31 PM Page 18 4.1.2 RENEWABLES a) The Government will explore the viability of alternative energy sources in order to ensure the nation's energy diversification, cheaper and cleaner utilization targets. b) The Government will foster a resource assessment on municipal and industrial waste streams as well as sustainable agricultural or forest residues with regards to their suitability for sustainable power generation. c) In the light of promoting sustainable energy generation, the Government will foster the elaboration of resource assessments and pre-feasibility studies on the poten- tials of technologies to generate energy from alternative energy sources. These efforts will focus on, but not be limited to: Wind power; Solar power; + Biomass and Waste-to-Energy; d) The relevant Institutions (e.g. Ministry in charge Public Utilities Energy, of Environ- mental, the Chamber of Commerce, the tourism Authority, APUA, the Investment authority and others) will strengthen their respective roles in the contribution to a sustainable and efficient planning of the energy sector by: Taking advantage of available international funds and grant schemes; Promoting appropriate foreign direct investment; Participating in regional and international research activities; Setting in motion capacity building programs in fields related to energy generation and distribution; Revisiting Antigua and Barbuda's initial and second national communica- tion on Climate Change. e) The Government will take a lead in the application of small solar PV systems by equipping its most suitable public buildings with such technology. f) The Government will mandate and provide appropriate incentives for the installa- tion of solar water heating systems in the tourism plant. 4.1.3 WASTE TO ENERGY

ATG

Latin America & Caribbean

Climate change financing is one of the most important aspects of international efforts to address the challenge of climate change. This is why Luxembourg decided in 2015 to make available a global amount of 120 million euros for the period 2014-2020 for international climate finance. The latter comprises three main thematic axes: firstly, measures to mitigate greenhouse gases, secondly, measures to adapt to climate change, and thirdly, actions in the area of reducing emissions resulting from deforestation and forest degradation, conservation of carbon stocks and sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+). The Luxembourg strategy aims for a distribution of 40% for adaptation, 40% for mitigation measures and 20% for REDD+, knowing that this distribution is only an indication, and that it will be held As for the implementation of the Paris Agreement, Luxembourg's national objective will emerge from the contribution of the European Union (European Council of October 2014) providing for a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of by 2030 of at least 40% compared to 1990 (contribution of the "ETS" sectors: -43% in 2030 compared to 2005, contribution of the other sectors: -30% in 2030 compared to 2005 50). At this stage, it is expected that Luxembourg will have to reduce its emissions by at least 40% by 2030 compared to the reference year 2005. It is understood that Luxembourg will have to contribute its share to the decarbonization of economy to be achieved by the second half of the century at the latest. necessary. However, the calculations of "reserve" or "deficit" are accompanied by a great deal of uncertainty because they are very sensitive to anticipated changes in one source of emissions in particular, namely road transport, which alone represents almost two-thirds of total non-ETS emissions.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Policy document/strategic planning Government roadmap 2025 Togo electrification strategy Five-year plan 2019-2023 of the AT2ER of the National Bioenergy Action Plan (PANBE) Description of options and measures Pursue the electrification policy for all - Extension of the network and deployment of decentralized systems (eg, individual solar panels) to achieve 75% electrification, supported by the establishment of the Electricity for All Fund Increase the capacity of electricity production, transport and distribution - development of sustainable and reliable production capacities, particularly in solar and hydroelectricity, and corresponding strengthening of the transmission and distribution network (in synergy with the extension of the internal network) Increase to 50% the share of renewable energies in energy production by 2025 Increase to 3% the share of electric vehicles in the acquisition of new vehicles by 2025 Extend the rural road network - Construction of 4000 km of rural roads targeting agricultural areas with high potential for to connect farmers to the market Build the Autoroute de l'Unit - Acceleration of the RN1 development project linking the productive hinterland to the Lom agglomeration and the port. Increase the electrification rate to 100% by 2030 Deploy more than 300 mini-grids by 2030, representing approximately an installed capacity of 9 MW; Electrify 555,000 households by Solar Kits by 2030, i.e. up to 85 MW of solar generation capacity installed in 2030; and Extend and densify the network to reach approximately 670,000 connections by 2030, i.e. approximately 108 MW of additional capacity Install an additional capacity of 88.2 MW by 2023 for hydroelectricity Install a capacity of 99 MW for solar connected to the grid by 2025 Install a capacity of 4 MW of solar mini-grid in 2023 Install a capacity of 11.71 MW of solar kits in 2023 Increase the rate of use of improved stoves from 40% in 2020 to 80% in 2030 Increase the share of charcoal produced with improved techniques from less than 1% in 2020 to 45% in 2030 Increase the share of the population using biogas for cooking to 4% in 2025 and 12% in 2030 by Urban ; to 6% in 2025 and 15% in 2030 in rural areas Bring the share of the population using briquettes to 15% in urban areas and 10% in rural

TGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

We can note that the centralized thermal energy supply systems provide about 95% of the population of Chisinau and 90% of the population of Balti. In 13 other localities, the centralized systems have been fully or partially restored, but they deliver heating agent to a limited number of the population, ensuring practically only objects with a social purpose. Coverage area of centralized systems The construction sector accounts for about 45% of the total energy consumption in the Republic of Moldova, followed by the transport sector with 23% and the industry sector with 10%. The construction sector is in continuous expansion, which will inevitably lead to an increase in energy consumption. A large part of the housing stock, totaling 78.9 million m2, is between 20-60 years old, its thermal characteristics being low. The potential of reducing the consumption of an old building is estimated between 30 and 50%. The construction sector is responsible for achieving energy savings of approximately 10-12% in the national target of 20% by 2020. A significant part of the energy consumption belongs to the housing fund. Accordingly, greenhouse gas emissions in this sector are also significant. An important feature of the sector in question is the waste of energy. At the same time, compared to other energy-consuming sectors, the final energy users in the housing sector are characterized by the greatest potential for energy conservation. Increasing energy efficiency in the residential sector can be achieved by ensuring the reduction of energy consumption, without compromising the well-being of tenants or the environment.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

agriculture; to review and gradually eliminate the increase of private vehicles. By 2020, the societal needs. By 2050, to complete the moder-

VNM

East Asia & Pacific

Objective 3.6: Improve the resilience of the agricultural sector to the impacts of climate change By 2040, 70% of producers have implemented climate change adaptation actions Agriculture is at the forefront of the sectors impacted by climate change, the effects of which described in the National Action Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change are a decrease and disturbances in rainfall which are accompanied by an increase in drought. - cheresses since 1970 and earlier and more significant floods. This has a direct impact on agriculture through the drying up of land and the drying up of waterways, disruption of the agricultural calendar and harvests, the proliferation of diseases weakening livestock, the degradation and erosion of agricultural land, etc. Strengthening the adaptation capacities of the agricultural sector, for which adaptation options have been identified and prioritized in the National Action Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change.

GIN

Sub-Saharan Africa

TYPE OF OBJECTIVE Coverage (of the country) Gases covered Sectors/sources covered Business As Usual (BAU) scenario Mitigation scenario Sources for the scenarios (BAU and Mitigation) Global Warming Potential BAU scenario emissions projection methodology Projection methodology for Low Carbon Scenario Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Emissions Approach % REDUCTION FROM TARGET YEAR EMISSIONS IN BASELINE SCENARIO Whole country. Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6). Agriculture, Energy, Industrial Processes and Waste. This scenario describes the evolution of GHG emissions by 2030 by sector of activity according to the Government's current development strategies. This scenario describes the evolution of GHG emissions by 2030 on the basis of low-carbon orientations in the main sectors of activity, in particular, energy, agriculture and waste. Vision 2040, PND 2016-2020, Electric Power Generation and Transmission Master Plan 2014-2030, PNIA 2010-2015, Industrial Policy (2013). The GWP values used are those determined by the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Climate Change (IPCC, SAR). The GHG inventory for the base year is that of 2012. The base scenario (BAU) is constructed by applying to the emissions of the different sectors evolution hypotheses depending on the annual sectoral growth rates, the evolution of the population, the electricity mix and the trend evolution of the efficiency of the sector. The low-carbon scenario is constructed by applying to the sectoral emissions of the base scenario, an estimate of the gains linked to the implementation of policies and projects in the sector. Emissions from this important sector in Cte d'Ivoire should be the subject of a more precise analysis in the fourth national communication in order to be included in the general objective. This can be done thanks to the best knowledge of the areas by type of soil thanks to satellite imagery coupled with the exploitation of field data. 73 THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION TCN-2017-CTE D'IVORE

CIV

Sub-Saharan Africa

There is a 10% reduction in CO₂ emissions as a result There is a 15% reduction in CO₂ emissions as a result Aim

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

In June 2021, the European Commission adopted a package of proposals to adapt EU policies on climate, energy, land use, transport and taxation to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% below 1990 levels by 2030. Achieving these emission reductions over the next decade is key to making Europe the world's first climate-neutral continent by 2050 and to making the European Green Deal a reality. With the proposals, the Commission is presenting the legislative tools to achieve the objectives agreed in the European climate legislation and the fundamental transformation of our economy and society for a fair, green and prosperous future. The EU ETS sectors are expected to reduce emissions by 61% (compared to 2005 levels), the ETS will be strengthened and reformed for this purpose. Sectors not covered by the ETS are expected to reduce emissions by 40% (compared to 2005 levels), in the case of the Slovak Republic the national objective is increased from 12% to 22.7%. At least 27% of the EU's energy consumption from renewable energy sources. At least 27% improvement in energy efficiency. Legislative proposals are discussed in the European Parliament and the Council, with a period of 18 months for implementation in national legislation.

SVK

Europe & Central Asia

Adaptation - sustainability managed forests, increased forest cover, improved management of rangelands and grasslands, reduced coastal erosion (mangroves), and maintenance of ecosystems for wildlife and linking of protected areas. Mitigation - GHG emission reductions of 10.4 MtCOe by 2023, through forest restoration, afforestation and reforestation, and reducing deforestation. Big Four - progress toward the achievement of food and nutrition security. Sustainable Development - restored and protected forests and rangelands, and their ecosystems and biodiversity; increased forest cover; improved food and water security; improved livelihoods of forest resource users; healthy wildlife populations and viable tourism operations; poverty and inequality reduction; and opportunities for timber industries and housing construction. Strategic Objective 4: Increase forest/tree cover to 10% of total land area; rehabilitate degraded lands, including rangelands; increase resilience of wildlife. Issue/Problem: Unplanned development (such as agricultural expansion, settlement, and infrastructure development) and reliance on biomass for cooking leads to deforestation and forest degradation, with negative impacts on wildlife and increased GHG emissions.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

1. 'Aerothermal energy' is the energy stored in the form of heat in the ambient air; 2. 'Geothermal energy' is the energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of solid earth; 3. 'Hydrothermal energy' is the energy stored in the form of heat in surface water; 4. 'Biomass' is the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from biological origin from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and related industries including fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and urban waste; 5. 'Bioliquids' are the fuels in liquid or gaseous form, mixed with hydrocarbon fuels, produced from biomass, according to the dispositions on law no. 9876, date 14.2.2008 "For the production, transportation, and the trade of biofuels and other renewable fuels to be used on the transport sector. 6. 'Energy from renewable sources' means energy from renewable non-fossil sources, namely wind, solar, aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases; 7. 'Gross final consumption of energy' Is the entire amount of energy delivered to the territory of the Republic of Albania, for industrial purposes, transportation, for the household sector, for different services, including public and private services, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, including the consumption of electricity and heat even for subsistence in all energy sectors, as well as loss of electricity and heat in the transmission and distribution system; 8. 'Guarantee of origin' is an electronic document which has the sole function of providing proof to a final customer that a given share or quantity of energy was produced from renewable sources: 9. 'Competitive bidding process' is an objective procedure, transparent, non- discriminatory and competitively enabling the participation of a sufficient number of companies and in which financial support granted on the basis of the initial bid submitted by the bidder 10. 'Support scheme' is any instrument, scheme or mechanism applied in that promotes the use of energy from renewable sources by reducing the cost of that energy, increasing the price at which it can be sold, or increasing, by means of a renewable energy obligation or

ALB

Europe & Central Asia

Morocco is strengthening its climate policy by developing its National Climate Plan for 2030 The objective set by the Kingdom would enable the cumulative reduction of 523.5 Mt eq-CO by 2030. This commitment will require the mobilization of an overall investment of around 50 billion US dollars, of which 24 billion are conditional international support through new climate finance mechanisms, including the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Convinced of the collective responsibility to fight against climate change and motivated by a responsible and fair commitment for the good of our planet as a whole, Morocco is developing its National Climate Plan for 2030.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Even if we can capture the entire energy efficiency potential that has been identi- fied, the increase in demand will be reduced to 56 TWh by 2030. This would still represent a more than a tenfold increase over today's demand. EEPCO's master plan and an extrapolation based on the total energy generation potential and capability to build generation capacity have been used to project the development of the supply capacity. All major existing power infrastructure projects have been taken into account. According to these forecasts - also depicted in Figure 23 - the supply capacity will increase from 7 TWh in 2010 to more than 80 TWh in 2030. According to EEPCo's master plan, the current diesel power plants and off-grid diesel generators will be switched off between 2012 and 2014. From 2015 onwards, EEPCo plans to generate power exclusively from clean or renewable sources (on average around 90% from hydro, 6% geothermal and 4% wind) - while retaining some diesel generators as standby solutions. However, since the plan is to establish a more reliable and stable power supply throughout the country, the use of such standby facilities is expected to decrease dramatically to reach virtually 0% by 2030. While these are the grid-related power demand and supply projections, the Electric Power sector also accounts for off-grid rural residential fossil-fuel-based generation. 2 Figure 24 depicts this generation as well as the on-grid power generation from non-renewable sources under conventional power generation, which is the major GHG emission driver for the Electric Power sector as defined in this strategy and projected to grow from 8.5 to 9.8 TWh in 2030. In addition, it also shows the renewable power generation, which is forecasted to increase to 98 TWh in 2030.

ETH

Sub-Saharan Africa

The main goal of the Policy is to establish an appropriate mix of cost-effective measures and tools in key sectors that will lead to the achievement of the Czech Republic's goals in the area of reducing greenhouse gas emissions as follows: to reduce the Czech Republic's emissions by at least 32 Mt COeq by 2020. compared to 2005; reduce Czech emissions by at least 44 Mt COeq by 2030, compared to 2005 Long-term indicative goals of the Climate Protection Policy in the Czech Republic

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Lithuania signed and ratified the Paris Agreement in 2016. Under the Paris Agreement Lithuania jointly with the EU and its Member States took a binding target of at least a 40% domestic reduction in economy wide GHG emissions 2030 compared to 1990, by implementing the EU legal acts for the EU climate and energy policy targets till 2030, mainly through the EU emission trading system (EU ETS) and Efforts Sharing Regulation, as well as Clean Energy Package legislation. Moreover, cooperating with the EU Member States and other countries, Lithuania will promote the development of a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy in order jointly to reduce GHG emissions by 80-90% by 2050 and achieve climate neutrality in the second half of this century. The target will be delivered implementing the EU legal acts on 2030 climate and energy targets by all economy sectors, with the reductions in the EU ETS and non-ETS sectors amounting to 43% and 30% respectively by 2030 compared to 2005.

LTU

Europe & Central Asia

restriction on process emissions (PRO), restriction on intermediate consumption energy emissions (ENE) and restriction on intermediate energy consumption in the country (ENY). The first three emission restriction scenarios (TOT, PRO, ENE) propose a reduction of emissions on each of its types of emissions with respect to the base year 2014, while the scenario (ENY) restricts intermediate energy consumption in the country.. Specifically, the TOT scenario reduces Colombia's total emissions by 90% in 2050 compared to the baseline scenario, the ENE scenario reduces emissions caused by energy consumption by 83% by 2050 compared to the base year, and the PRO scenario reduces 100% of the emissions associated with physicochemical production processes. For its part, the ENY scenario traces the demand for intermediate energy, with the objective that by 2050 the economy is fully electric, which seeks that by 2050 the demand for electrical energy grows up to 700% compared to the base year (Rojas 2021 ).

COL

Latin America & Caribbean

Our projections present a range of possible outcomes, but all show significant reductions to 2050. Ultimately, this depends on how quickly zero emission technologies, fuels and efficiency measures are deployed, as well as the impacts of our policies to increase the numbers of journeys made by cycling and walking and on public transport. There are uncertainties on future travel behaviour from changes in how we work and travel, increased connectivity, better technology, and COVID-19. Part 1: Our path to net zero transport *Historic emissions are from published Her Majesty's Government (HMG) GHG statistics. Our projections are produced using a range of models, including the National Transport Model (road transport), and Traction Decarbonisation Network Strategy (rail. and Aviation model, adjusted for decarbonising transport measures. The shipping baseline and projections are based on the latest analysis by the CCC (https://www.thecoc.org.uk/publication/sixth-carbon-budget/), which drew on research commissioned by DFT. Given the emerging nature of zero emission shipping fuels, the projections should be interpreted as possible scenarios for meeting the net zero goal that the government has announced for the UK maritime sector rather than estimates of the impact of specific policies. Baseline forecasts are not consistent with the 2019 BEIS Energy and Emission Projections (EEP), as these use different methodologies. Where feasible, uncertainty in projections reflects uncertainty on policy design, GDP, fuel prices, trip rates, and historic volatility in emissions. The range in the policy line declines as we move out to 2050, due to a higher proportion of zero emission vehicles. Transport emission projections exclude military aircraft and shipping.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

future, provided this is feasible scientifically and technically in line with the data in the greenhouse gas inventory. These emissions sources are not included in Switzerland's current reduction target. Net zero serves as a target value because Switzerland cannot reduce its emissions completely to zero in all sectors by 2050. The generation of greenhouse gases is technologically unavoidable as things stand in food production, in agriculture and in certain industrial processes, such as cement manufacture or waste incineration. These technically unavoidable emissions - assuming no alternatives are available or the emissions cannot be reduced in another way - must be balanced through the use of technical and natural removal or through emissions-reducing measures abroad. The net-zero target for all greenhouse gas emissions can simply be referred to as 'greenhouse gas neutrality'. It refers, based on international reporting standards, to national greenhouse gas emissions, which means that the territorial or point of sale principle (for transport fuels) applies.2¹ Emissions that Switzerland generates abroad are not included in the reporting parameters of Switzerland's net-zero target. However, the climate goals of the Paris Agreement can only be achieved if these emissions are also reduced. These emissions must therefore be covered by the reduction targets of other countries.

CHE

Europe & Central Asia

engaged with stakeholders through bilateral discussions, four national workshops and five sub-national workshops in five of Myanmar's climate-vulnerable states/regions. Thousands of participants from local government, civil society organisations

MMR

East Asia & Pacific

Non ETS sector: Italy is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in the non ETS sector of 13% by 2020 with respect to 2005 level under "Decision n. 406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23th April 2009 on the effort of Member States to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the Community's greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020", the so-called "Effort Sharing Decision" (ESD). On the 20th July 2016 the European Commission presented an Effort Sharing Regulation, as a follow-up of the previous EU Effort Sharing Decision (ESD): under the ESR proposal Italy is assigned a 33% emission reduction target in non-ETS sectors to be achieved by 2030 compared to 2005 levels. The legislative act is now in the last phase of negotiation between the EU institutions. The emissions from LULUCF sector are excluded from the accounting.

ITA

Europe & Central Asia

The national grid system is supplied by two diesel power plants, i.e. Hera Generating Station (119.5 MW) and Betano Generating Station (136.6 MW). These power plants replaced the scattered smallscale district power generations. With the addition of an idle 27.5 MW Comoro diesel power plant, the grid will be over supplied for current demand and next future years. In terms of energy efficiency, in average, the power plants have reached 0.23 litre/kWh specific fuel consumption, lower than the 0.27-0.29 litre/kWh of the old power plants. In 2015, other power plants, 17.3 MW Inur Sakato, was operated for supplying Oe-Cusse district. Table 1-6 provides data of electricity generation managed by EDTL and the district generation while Figure 1-10 shows diesel oil consumption for electricity generation in Timor-Leste. The use of diesel generation aims to provide flexibility for the power plant to be converted to be fueled by natural gas (CNG, LGV, LPG) when the domestic supply is available. In addition, the government also encouraged the use of renewable energy from solar power and biogas. Beside the data in Table 1-6, there are some other utilization of renewable power generation that operated by various entity such as non-governmental organization or community. Some of the technology that are being used or developed in the country are solar street light, solar energy pumping system, solar-diesel hybrid power plant and wind power plant. However, the available data is only solar PV for power generation, which the electricity is supplied for national grid.

TLS

East Asia & Pacific

The regional/district centres will provide support to the community centres since they will possess enhanced capacity. They will be managed by staff of government extension services. National level services will complement that of the region/ district and provide national coordination and mobilization of services and resources. The climate resilience vision is a developmental paradigm which seeks to climate proof (to be resilient against the destructive impacts of extreme weather events) the key pillars of national policy which are economic diversification, sustained sustainable and inclusive growth, employment creation and revenue generation, social development, social 7 Resilient educational facility built to revised building guidelines able to serve as a hurricane shelter in the absence of a dedicated shelter

DMA

Latin America & Caribbean

Increased water scarcity: a vital challenge for Kenya Kenya is a water scarce country with per capita water availability of 647 cubic metres (m), which is well below the global benchmark of 1000 m per capita, indicating chronic water scarcity. Water coverage in the country currently stands at 55%, meaning that approximately 45% of Kenyans lack access to clean and safe drinking water. Kenya's per capita surface water storage is estimated to be 103.1 m; with only 3.1 m available for domestic, livestock, industrial, and irrigation use with the balance being for hydroelectric power generation. The water situation in Kenya is made worse by climate change and compounded by deforestation, low storage capacity, a growing demand for water, and sharing of over half the rivers, lakes and aquifers with neighbouring countries. The rivers are drying up, lake levels are receding, dams and water pans are silting, and water quality is deteriorating. Erratic rains due to climate change have affected water supply with impacts on food production. In early 2018, many urban areas faced acute water shortages following a prolonged dry spell, and many rivers dried up impacting rural and urban areas. Rural women are particularly affected because of impacts on their households and small-scale agribusinesses, and the need to walk longer distances to obtain water. Women and girls are primary collectors of water for domestic use and can be exposed to potential conflict at times of water scarcities.

KEN

Sub-Saharan Africa

Viet Nam's INDC comprises two components, namely mitigation and adaptation. The mitigation component identifies the roadmap for GHG reduction in the period 20212030 for the following sectors: energy; agriculture; land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF); and waste. The business-as-usual (BAU) scenario was developed using 2010 as the base year, and provides projection for 2030. With domestic resources, by 2030 Viet Nam will have reduced GHG emissions by 8% compared to the BAU scenario. This contribution can increase by up to 25% with international support through bilateral and multilateral cooperation and the implementation of new mechanisms in the Paris Agreement. The adaptation component identifies the efforts that have been implemented; the institutional, policy, financial, human resource and technology gaps; and the prioritised adaptation actions for the period 2021-2030. Viet Nam submitted the INDC to the UNFCCC Secretariat in September 2015; signed and approved the Paris Agreement in April and October 2016, respectively; and issued the Plan for Implementation of the Paris Agreement (PIPA) in October 2016. After the Paris Agreement entered into force, the Parties' INDCs became Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

VNM

East Asia & Pacific

interim, the following guidelines are provided: a) A minimum ethanol/petrol blend target of 20 per cent by 2015, and a 5 per cent biodiesel blend by 2020. b) Shift the focus from food crops (e.g. soya beans) to non-food crops (e.g. jatropha) for the production of biofuels.

ZWE

Sub-Saharan Africa

The national effort (unconditional contribution) leads to a 27% reduction in carbon intensity by 2030 compared to that of 2010, or nearly 60% of the target. • Tunisia is committed to reducing its carbon intensity significantly below that of 2010, although it has participated in only 0.07% of global emissions in 2010. • Thanks to its total contribution, by 2030, per capita emissions would reach 2.4 tCO/ capita, while global emissions in 2010 already reached 7 tCO2/capita.

TUN

Middle East & North Africa

2019 No 61 (b) may be amended or revoked as if section 224 had not been repealed. (2) This clause does not apply to the target set in the Climate Change Response (2050 Emissions Target) Notice 2011 (Gazette 2011, p 987). This Act is administered by the Ministry for the Environment.

NZL

East Asia & Pacific

The European Union's 2020 Climate Change and Energy Package, apart from presenting the policy framework for greenhouse gas emission mitigation up to 2020, also revisits previous Union policy in respect of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. In an effort towards consolidating progress in increasing the share of renewable energy sources and enhancing energy efficiency, the Package establishes relevant targets for each Member State. Thus, under the Renewable Energy Sources Directive26 Malta is required to reach, by 2020, a 10% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption, including a 10% share of renewable

MLT

Europe & Central Asia

In addition, Hong Kong also vigorously promotes renewable energy, including introducing feed-in tariffs, encouraging private organizations and the public to invest in distributed renewable energy, selling renewable energy certificates for electricity from renewable energy, and assisting distributed renewable energy access power grid etc. In the field of construction, continuously improve the energy efficiency of buildings, promulgate and implement the "Regulations on Energy Efficiency of Buildings", set clear energy-saving targets for government buildings and conduct energy audits for major government buildings; improve the energy efficiency of electrical appliances, and implement the "Mandatory Energy Efficiency Regulations". "Labeling Scheme"; carry out building greenhouse gas emission accounting, and release building carbon audit guidelines. In the field of transportation, the railway network continues to expand. When the newly planned railway project in the "Railway Development Strategy 2014" is completed, the total length of Hong Kong's railways will increase to more than 300 kilometers, covering areas where 75% of the population lives in Hong Kong. The proportion of passenger capacity will rise to 45%-50%; vigorously promote the use of electric vehicles, and introduce policies and measures including exemption of the first registration tax for electric vehicles. In the field of waste disposal, waste reduction is advocated, waste reduction is encouraged, recycling and recycling are promoted; resource recycling is strengthened, and all operating landfills use landfill gas as fuel for energy production. The use of landfill infrastructure also provides thermal energy for leachate treatment facilities; increase waste resource utilization, and strengthen planning research on future waste management and transfer facilities. Promote comprehensive and sustainable urban landscape design and tree management initiatives in the area of tree planting and urban greening. See Table 5-4 for specific mitigation measures and their effects in various fields.

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

• Part 3: International Circumstances and Climate Science sets out how our recommendations represent a fair and ambitious contribution to the Paris Agreement, including consideration of the UK's broader contribution to tackling climate change beyond UK territorial emissions, including the UK's overseas consumption emissions (Chapter 7). Chapter 8 sets out the relevant climate science that underpins our advice. • Part 4: Recommendations sets out why our recommended pathway reduces emissions more quickly before 2035 than after 2035 (Chapter 9) and our full recommendations relating to the Sixth Carbon Budget (Chapter Sixth Carbon Budget-The path to Net Zero

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

103. The Republic of Korea reported information on mitigation actions and their effects in both tabular and narrative format, including emission reduction targets for 2030, and framed its national mitigation planning and actions in the context of its legal and development frameworks. The aim of the updated NDC submitted by the Republic of Korea is to reduce GHG emissions in 2030 by 40 per cent compared with the 2018 level. The Republic of Korea reported planned and ongoing actions in the energy transition, industry, buildings, transport, waste, public, agriculture and livestock, and forestry sectors. The mitigation actions focus on promoting renewable energy generation and managing energy demand; improving the energy performance of buildings; promoting energy-efficient and eco-friendly technologies in the transportation sector; promoting waste recycling; enhancing resource efficiency in farming and fishing; and managing forests. The Republic of Korea reported the progress of implementation of its mitigation actions and the results achieved, including the installation of 4,363 MW of renewable energy generation capacity between 2018 and 2019, and the trading of 86.2 Mt CO eq in the KETS between 2015 and 2018. The Republic of Korea expects to remove 22.1 Mt CO eq in the forestry sector by 2030. The Republic of Korea also reported information on its involvement in international market mechanisms and on MRV arrangements. Information about the results for some of the actions, as well as the descriptions of actions, was not clearly reported. In addition, information on the methodologies, assumptions, steps taken and progress indicators for some of the actions was not provided owing to challenges in data collection, the absence of unified methodologies for

KOR

East Asia & Pacific

global carbon commitments and targets that apply to the functions of Transport planning, Urban development and buildings and support the national pathway to net zero carbon buildings. learning with one another, such as through the Kwazulu-Natal Climate Change Compact.

ZAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

and/or importers when conferring allowances; a copy of the annual submission requesting application-specific allowances; invoice and order records related to the purchase of regulated substances; records related to the transfer of application-specific allowances to other entities; and

USA

North America

The Energy Sector is the main emitter of GHG, it presented 5,265.95 Gg of COeq and 7,769.56 Gg of CO eq for the years 2005 and 2010 respectively, representing approximately a little more than 80% of the total TINGEI emissions for both years. The transportation subsector being the largest emitter, with a share of more than 45% of the sector's emissions, for 2005 they were 2,583.99 Gg CO eq and for 2010 they were 3,662.98 Gg CO eq. The main cause of the increase in emissions in the transportation subsector is the increase in the consumption of liquid fuels (diesel and gasoline), mainly due to the increase in the number of vehicles by 33 percent between 2005 and 2010. Followed by the Energy Industry subsector that represented approximately 25% of the emissions for the sector, with emissions of 1,287.89 Gg COeq in 2005 and 1,826.03 Gg COeq in 2010, despite the fact that the participation of power plants hydroelectric in the country is approximately 55%; The energy industries have also presented an increase in fuel consumption by 48%, mainly for electricity generation. And in third place, the manufacturing and construction subsector, with a participation of 15% (996.54 Gg COeq) and 17% (1,739.99 Gg COeq) with respect to the sector's emissions, for the years 2005 and 2010 respectively.

PAN

Latin America & Caribbean

The Paris Agreement is the main international framework to tackle climate change. The Paris Agreement sets a long-term temperature goal and aims to reduce global emissions to Net Zero. a) National contributions to the Paris Agreement

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

There are a number of distortions within the existing business rates determination structures that restrict investment in low-carbon technologies. If these were addressed, businesses could more easily deploy the technologies needed to meet Net Zero while also improving productivity. HM Treasury's fundamental review of business rates: call for evidence 424 explored how we can ensure business rates are not a barrier to our Net Zero ambitions We will work to ensure that the transition to Net Zero is fair and proportionate across the UK through improving our approach to affordability. 424 HM Treasury (2020), 'HM Treasury fundamental review of business rates'

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Plant operators who have already made a reduction commitment will have the possibility to extend it until the end of 2021 without excessive administrative costs. This provision ensures that operators also obtain reimbursement of the CO2 tax paid in the event of the delayed entry into force of the total revision of the CO2 legislation. The objectives are pursued on a linear basis, using a standardized calculation, and must be respected throughout the commitment period, from the start year until the end of 2021. For the emission target, the reduction trajectory of previous years is continued in a linear fashion. The annual value for 2021 amounts globally to nearly 1.5 million tonnes of COeq, which corresponds to the actual emissions of 2018 and 2019 from installations exempted with an emission target. No additional reduction is therefore necessary to achieve the objective by 2021. However, it is expected that certificates will be issued for 2021. Given that the operators of installations took into account, in the decision to invest in unprofitable measures, from the proceeds of the certificates only until the end of 2020 and that the additional funds for 2021 constitute, at least in part, a pure financial windfall effect, the certificates will only be issued if the emissions are more than 10% lower than the reduction trajectory. All facility operators, whether they have made a reduction commitment or concluded a target agreement, may still submit emission reduction projects and programs carried out in Switzerland under Art. 5 and 5a. For the objective based on measures, an exploitation rate of 80% of the economic potential of the measures is applicable for a commitment until 2020. In the event of an extension until 2021, this increases to 90% and the metrics-based target is multiplied by 1.125. Plant operators who have implemented their measures and observe the 2019 value will thus also fulfill their commitment in 2021. The obligation to submit tracking data remains unaffected.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Energy Sector Mitigation Policy /Program and Targets Mitigation Policy /Programs Targets & Assumptions > Continued development of hydropower resources, particularly in terms of advancing technical design and sourcing funding for development of identified sites Design and implementation of demand-side management techniques to encourage better use of existing distribution infrastructure, and Reduce peak demand. Promotion of renewable energy > Improving distribution efficiency of the power system through measures to reduce transmission and distribution losses Continuing to develop and promote uptake of renewable sources of energy, particularly wind and solar (where feasible). Develop low energy investment plan > Improving energy efficiency by 20% by 2020, Increasing electricity coverage /access to 35% of households in 2015, 50% in 2020 and 80% by 2030; With increase in rural electrification, paraffin consumption is expected to come down from 30, 434 kilolitres (2014) to 25,000 kilolitres in 2020, with a GHG saving of 12 Gg COe and 20,000 kilolitres in 2030 with a GHG saving 24 Gg CO e in the BAU. Potential reduction of transmission and distribution loses from 2015 until 2030 by 0.5% per annum (total of 7.5.0%) Increase renewable energy sources by 200 MW by 2020: 40MW from Solar (2017/2018); 35 MW from wind (2017); 125 MW from hydropower (2025).

LSO

Sub-Saharan Africa

The Law on Energy from Renewable Sources adopted also establishes the common promotion system on the enhancement of the use of RES in the transport to increase the share of energy from renewable sources in all modes of transport at least up to 10% as compared with the final energy consumption in the transport sector. In 2017 the Law was amendment to transpose the requirements of the ILUC directive (EU) 2015/1513 and setting the requirements that the share of energy from biofuels produced from cereal and other starch-rich crops, sugars and oil crops and from crops grown as main crops primarily for energy purposes on agricultural land shall be no more than 7% of the final consumption of energy in transport and a reference value for advanced biofuels target at least 0.5% in energy content of the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020.

LTU

Europe & Central Asia

To build on our existing actions, we intend to continue to work closely with Community Energy England and have established a Community Energy Contact Group. to strengthen our engagement with the community sector. Community Energy is an example of how communities can come together to reach local and national net zero targets¹50 272 8th National Communication

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

FEDERAL MINISTRY FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND TOURISM (formerly Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management) Stubenring 1, 1010 Vienna www.may Text and editing Barbara Kronberger-Kießwetter (BMNT), Maria Balas, Andrea Prutsch (Umwelthundesamt GmbH/Environment Agency Austria) Translation: Matthew Harris, Yvonne Prentice, Sandra Lustig Graphic Design BMNT Photo Acknowledgements: B. Gröger/Umweltbundesamt, piselio.de, shocky-fotolia.com, iStockphoto.com/Johannes Compaan, iStockphoto.com/LianeM, iStockphoto.com/clintspencer, B. Gröger Umweltbundesamt, iStockphoto.com/Nikada, RadaRazvan-fotolia.com, iStockphoto.com/Fitzer, iStockphoto.com/wingmar, picabay, doris oberfrank-list/fotolia, B. Gröger Umweltbundesamt, Palanceanu Raoul-fotolia.com, iStockphoto.com/imagestock, iStockphoto.com/ daskomatic, Harry Macias-fotolia.com FrameMetele-fotolia.com,

AUT

Europe & Central Asia

ratios of 75% and 27%. Concerning freight transportation, the port in Paramaribo has grown Figure 3.3: Number of registered motor vehicles on public roads, 2004-2009 particularly in the coastal zone and part of the Interior. Electricity is produced by the Afobaka

SUR

Latin America & Caribbean

Carbon neutrality in electricity genera- tion in The Government will achieve the long-term target of net-zero electricity generation before 2050 by increasing zero-carbon electricity supply through renewable energy (RE) development, and exploring new energy sources for electricity generation and regional cooperation. By 2035, we will cease using coal for daily electricity generation and will only keep ctricity it for providing backup support. Coal will be replaced by natural gas and zero-car- bon energy (including RE and nuclear energy) for electricity generation.

HKG

East Asia & Pacific

tje 6 6. Transformation of the industrial sector through processes and technologies that use energy from renewable or other efficient and sustainable sources with low and zero emissions Objective 6.1 Promote the process of technological transformation of low emissions in the industrial sector Links with transversal strategies and lock- aspects in B. Green Tax Reform: Exemptions or incentives for electric boilers. Regulate the exemption of efficient equipment. D. Financing strategy and investment attraction for the transformation:. Energy Transition Fund. G. Transparency, metrics and open data strategy Create a platform for consultation and verification and benchmarking of results, reports and good business practices. "Avoid lock-in: Avoid the use of technologies that deepen dependence on fossil fuels in the industry. Goal of the period At least 2 roadmaps for the reduction of emissions (1 per type of industry) developed and published Official list of exempt goods in accordance with article 38 of Law No. 7447 of the and its updated reforms Indicator Roadmap Document List of exempt goods document including new equipment and technologies Activity 6.1.1 Update and reactivate the industrial strategy of climate change +A commission should be created with representation of the industrial sector, key public institutions to promote the strategy and the Roadmaps 6.1.2 Support the construction of Roadmaps for the reduction of Emissions *The Roadmaps They will define specific GHG reduction targets for each type of industry (based on science), which can be translated into a commitment by the sector to reduce GHG emissions (Roadmaps with respective Voluntary Agreements). (Quick Win) +They will characterize the different types of industry processes according to their energy requirements and will encourage the shift from the use of fossil energy to renewable electricity, bioenergy (generated from biomass or waste) and improvements in energy efficiency. 6.1.3 Promote energy efficiency in industrial processes: (See link with Axis 4) Promote good practices in energy management (for example 150 50001). Update, through the inclusion of new equipment and technologies, the official list of goods exempted in accordance with article 38 of the Law for the Regulation of the Rational Use of Energy, Law No. 7447 of November 3, 1994 and its reforms in accordance with article 10 of the executive decree No. 41121 of April

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Connection with other dimensions: The measure is innovative and enables the development of urban environments that will contribute to decarbonization and energy efficiency, but will also have numerous other social, economic and ecological benefits. Monitoring method: The research will be conducted through a Questionnaire sent to LGUs MS-10: Establishment of a Program for calculating and reducing the carbon footprint of business entities

HRV

Europe & Central Asia

=) Climate change threatens the efficient production of energy and given the high dependence on foreign energy sources across all sectors, this could increase Jamaica's overall economic vulnerability. Jamaica's primary energy supply is made up of approximately 90% imported fossil fuels with less than 10% derived from renewable energy sources. In 2008, the amount of oil imported was approximately 27 million barrels at a cost of US$2.7 billion, (Jamaica's National Energy Policy 2009-2030) a third of which was used by the bauxite/alumina sector. Since 2009, there has been a steady decrease in oil imports. In 2012 the total quantity of oil imported was 20.24 million barrels at a cost of US$2.21 billion. Among the factors contributing to the lower consumption were reduced output in the bauxite/ alumina sector, conservation measures adopted due to the high cost of energy and the stagnation or decline of economic activities. The energy sector remains the largest user of foreign exchange and so it is incumbent on the country to reduce its dependency on oil imports and its attendant n emissions of greenhouse gases. This can be achieved by gtaking actions for mitigating climate change through abatement options, in particular, conservation and renewable energy production and use. t e 3, n n n n. s, d Under Jamaica's National Energy Policy 2009 - 2030, the country aims to increase the percentage of renewables in the energy mix with proposed targets of 12.5% by 2015 and 20% by 2030. Strategies and actions proposed in the policy include: Develop diversification priorities based on cost, efficiency, environmental considerations and appropriate technologies and competitiveness; Prioritize renewable energy sources by economic feasibility criteria and environmental considerations including carbon abatement; Promote the development of efficient and low cost renewable energy plants with a size of 15 MW or more on a competitive basis;

JAM

Latin America & Caribbean

operational issues arising from overlaps in institutional mandates and overlaps in tenure issuances within public forestlands and protected areas. This will allow 112 various agencies/ institutions, communities and stakeholders to work together

PHL

East Asia & Pacific

To install small-scale renewable energy systems in existing government premises, and to study the installation of larger-scale solar power systems at suitable reservoirs and landfills. In addition, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government introduced the "feed-in tariff" to encourage all walks of life to be equipped with renewable energy systems, and to install solar photovoltaic panels for eligible schools and non-government welfare organizations free of charge, and the public responded enthusiastically. Buildings account for approximately 90% of Hong Kong's total electricity consumption, and more than 60% of carbon emissions come from electricity production related to building energy consumption. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government announced the "Hong Kong Urban Energy Conservation Blueprint 2015~2025+" in 2015, setting the goal of reducing energy intensity by 40% by 2025. Currently, Hong Kong's energy intensity has been reduced by more than 30%. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government has also taken the lead in saving energy. In 2018-2019, it reached the goal of reducing electricity consumption in government buildings by 5% within five years, reaching the goal one year earlier, and ultimately saving about 7.8% in electricity consumption. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government has newly formulated the "Green Energy Target", aiming to further improve the government's overall energy performance by 6% in 2024-2025. In terms of green transportation, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government announced the "Roadmap for the Popularization of Electric Vehicles in Hong Kong" in March 2021. The future direction of achieving zero-emission vehicles, in line with Hong Kong's commitment to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, is moving towards the vision of "zero carbon emissions-clean air-smart city". In addition, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government announced in June 2021 the "Hong Kong Clean Air Blueprint - 26

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

Example project: Investments in new energy technology €161 million is available for the most promising carbon-free energy investments. Eligible sectors include offshore wind power, renewable fuels in transport, geo-energy and solar energy. The objective of the investment is to contribute to Finland’s goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2035 by stimulating the introduction of new clean technologies for energy production and use. The support shall prioritise sectors where emission reductions are difficult and costly (‘hard-to-decarbonise sectors’). Digital transition

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

In October 2020, Japan declared "carbon neutral by 2050". The era of dealing with global warming as a constraint or a cost to economic growth is over, and we have entered an era in which we see it as an opportunity for growth internationally. Changing the conventional way of thinking and proactively taking measures will lead to changes in industrial structures and socio-economy, leading to the next big growth. The green growth strategy is an industrial policy that creates such a virtuous cycle between the economy and the environment. It is easy to list words such as transformation and transformation, but implementing carbon neutrality It can't be done with a lot of effort. There are many companies in the industry that need to fundamentally change their existing business models and strategies. On the other hand, it is also an opportunity to lead the new era. The role of the government is to fully support the forward-looking challenges of private companies, such as making bold investments and generating innovation.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Art. 5 Prior to the establishment of specific energy consumption indicators, or energy efficiency, dealt with in this Law, entities representing manufacturers and importers of energy consuming machines and appliances must be heard in a public hearing, with advance disclosure of proposals., designers and builders of buildings, consumers, teaching and research institutions and other interested entities. Art. 3 Manufacturers and importers of energy-consuming machines and appliances are obliged to adopt the necessary measures to ensure compliance with the maximum levels of energy consumption and minimum levels of energy efficiency, contained in the specific regulations established for each type of machine and appliance. Brasilia, October 17, 2001; 180th of Independence and 113th of the Republic.

BRA

Latin America & Caribbean