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en_HRS_11_22_24.v1

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[ [ "Designing a Segmented Vessel\nIntroduction: Designing a Segmented Vessel\nIn this article, I will explain how to make a set of plans to create a segmented Vessel.\nI want to thank my good friend and mentor, <PERSON> from Knox City Texas for providing the information and encouragement for this project. Items in quotation marks are taken directly from a paper written by <PERSON>.\nSupplies\nThe only tools you will need are a pencil, an eraser, a ruler and a sheet of paper large enough to create a full scale model of what you want.\nIn addition I like to use a digital caliper.\nStep 1: Basic Information Used in Segmented Turning\nJust a couple basic terms that segmented turners use.\nThe length is how long the back edge of the segment is.\nThe Width is the board width when you start cutting.\nThe thickness is how thick your ring will be.\nI know it is pretty basic, but it is easy to get the thickness and width mixed up.\nStep 2: Getting Started\nThe first thing you need to do is decide what you want to make.\nI suggest you start with something small.\nThe video link is to a YouTube video that I made covering all aspects of how I Design and Build a Segmented Vessel.\nStep 3: The Initial Layout\nBegin by drawing a vertical line in the center of your paper a couple inches longer than the height of your vessel.\nStep 4: Setting Up You Grid\nAfter that, draw horizontal lines to correspond with the thickness and number of layers you have in your vessel.\nStep 5: Initial Sketch\nSketch the outer edge of your vessel. I am usually pretty generous with the thickness of the wall.\nYou can always make an eighth inch wall from a quarter inch wall, It's pretty hard to go the other way.\nStep 6: Finding the Variables to Use in the Formulas\nDraw vertical lines on both sides of the wall.", "110" ], [ "When first starting out, I suggest you add a bit extra.\nStep 7: Finding the Measurements of Each Ring\nYou can use a ruler to measure the width of the segments in that ring. The bottom one can be skipped if you plan on using a solid piece of wood for the bottom of your vessel.\nStep 8: My Way of Measuring\nI prefer using decimals instead of fractions when using formulas.\nTo find the outside radius of your vessel (R_out), measure from the center line to the outer line of the drawing.\nTo find the inside radius, (R_in) measure from the center line to the inner line of the drawing.\nStep 9: The Variables That I Use in the Formulas\n(R_in) = Inside Radius of the ring.\n(R_out) = Outside Radius of the ring.\n(C) = Circumference of the ring.\n(N) = Number of segments in each ring.\n(W) = Width of the segments in that ring.\n(L) = Length of the segments in that ring.\n(A) = Segment angle.\n(CA) = Segment cut angle.\n(BL) = Board length. This is the minimum length of wood needed to cut the segments in that ring.\nStep 10: Finding the Circumference of Our Rings\nC = 2π(R_out)\nRing 1 (R_out) is 4.8 inches. Circumference of ring 1 would be C=2(3.14)(4.8) which equals 30.144\nI will not go through the rest of the calculations at this time.\nStep 11: Finding the Angle of Each Segment\nA = C/N = Segment angles.\nCA = A/2 = Cut angle.\nIn this example our vessel will have nine 3/4 inch layers and will have 24 segments in each layer.\nIf you are using a table saw, you will only need to know the angle of each segment.\nTo find the angle of each segment, divide 360 by 24 = 15 degrees.\nIf you are using a chop saw or band saw you will use the Cut Angle, which is the above angle Divided by two.\nThe cut angle would then be 7.5 degrees.\nStep 12: To Find the Width of Each Segment\nW = (R_out) –( R_in) = Width of each segment.\nTo find the width of each segment, simply subtract (R_in) from (R_out)\nThe inner radius from the outer radius.\nWidth of ring one would be 4.8 - 3.0 or 1.8 Inches.\nYou will need this measurement for each layer.", "76" ] ]

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[ [ "How long would it take for another species to help primitive humans evolve?\nI am creating a fictional universe where humanity's evolution followed a different path that it did in ours (evolution might not be the best word, but bear with me).\nLong ago, in said universe's equivalent of what we call the prehistory (i.e. when the first humans started appearing), there was already another intelligent species roaming the planet. This species, who, at the time, had already advanced to a similar point where modern-day humans are (speech, culture, industry, technology, you name it) and decided (for reasons that are beyond the scope of this question) to help the humans (who were little more advanced than cavemen) to develop speech, culture and the rest.\nThe question here being: how long would it reasonably take before humanity would be able to get from prehistoric level to, say, the Industrial Revolution under this species' guidance? Decades? Centuries? Millennia?\nAdditional info:\n* You may assume that the planet is Earth when it comes to measuring time; 365 days of 24 hours (in layman's terms).\n* There is no need to take into account the state of planet Earth in our prehistory; you may assume that the state of the planet at that time was roughly similar to present-day Earth.\n* Humans had not encountered this species before, despite living on the same planet. However, humanity was generally not afraid of this species, but would accept their teachings from the first meeting.\n* Humans in this universe are otherwise pretty much completely identical to real-world humans; there's good ones and bad ones, smart ones and not-so-smart ones, people that would gladly accept the teachings and those that would not, etc.\n* Said species had different vocal chords than humans and could thus not teach humans their own language exactly like they spoke it; it would be either an approximation of their own language or an entirely new language designed specifically for human vocal chords.", "350" ], [ "At this point, I'm inclined more towards the latter, especially because of the next point.\n* Another difference between humans and this species meant that their writing system was difficult for humans to read and write fluently, too. They could read/write it when taught, but it would take them longer to read it compared to a writing system aimed at humans and even longer to write, even after they become fluent.\nEdit: there seem to some misconceptions going on about the level of humans before this meeting. When I say they had 'no language', I mean they had no structured language with grammatical rules; they could speak among themselves by using sounds such as grunts and such and by using body language. They had some basic tools and could probably create fire already. But they had nothing in the way of culture or civilization.", "802" ] ]

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[ [ "Cool 3D Cheese Carving\nIntroduction: Cool 3D Cheese Carving\nHave you ever wanted something in your kitchen that is delicious, but more aesthetically pleasing than just a block of smoked cheese?\nRecently, I decided that the looks of my favourite cheese (smoked cheese) should equal its taste (which is incredible), so I set out to find a way to make a block of smoked cheese look more attractive. And I found it!\nIn this Instructable, I will show you two methods of making cool 3D cheese carvings, that not only taste delicious, but also look good. The first method using a knife to carve the cheese is steps 1 - 4, and the second method using a cookie cutter is steps 5 - 7.\nSupplies\nThe supplies you will need for this Instructable:\n* A knife (preferably with a thin blade and a sharp tip). I recommend the brand kitchen devils, they can be purchased off an online website like amazon or e-bay.\n* Scissors\n* Tape\n* A printout of a picture of your choice (or if you do not have a printer you can just draw a picture freehand).\n* A chopping board\n* A cookie cutter of your choice\n* Smoked cheese\nStep 1: Deciding Upon Your Design\nThis is the first method that allows more choices of designs, but is harder to carve.\nIf you do not have a printer, then you can draw/mark a picture/image on to the cheese and skip to step 3. It is easier for you to carve the shape if you just have a silhouette of the object you plan to carve. Just remember, the more detailed the design, the harder it will be to carve.\nIf you have a printer, the first step you need to do is to find a picture/image that you want to carve on to the cheese, and print it off at the size you want your carving to be on the cheese.\nThen trim down the edges of the paper to slightly larger than the size of the cheese. You will see why you need to do this in the next step.\nStep 2: Securing Your Design to the Cheese\nTape the picture you wish to carve over the top of the cheese.", "294" ], [ "This will allow you to outline the shape with a knife later, whilst keeping it in place.\nIt does not really matter what tape you use, as it is only touching the rind of the cheese, and it will just peel off later.\nStep 3: Carving the Outline\nStart outlining the shape of your picture with a knife, gradually working your way around the design. If you use a knife with a thin blade and a sharp tip, it will be easier for you to carve the small details. You do not need to go all the way through the cheese on the first pass, it may be easier for you to gradually cut all the way through with several passes of the knife.\nDon't worry if the outline looks a bit messy at this stage, because you can neaten it up later. You can mess up the excess material around the edge of your design as much as you want whilst cutting out your design, because it will not be part of the final result.\nStep 4: Separating the Design and Neatening It Up\nNow comes the fun part, when you can see your design coming together!\nCut slices of excess cheese away from the outside of your design, as this is easier than trying to remove all of it in one piece. Now trim around the outside of your piece, neatening up the edges of your design.\nStep 5: The Second Method, Using a Cookie Cutter\nThis is the second method, which is easier, quicker, and will achieve the best end results. However, you are limited to what cookie cutters you possess, whereas with the first method you can carve an unlimited number of designs.\nI suggest purchasing a set of cookie cutters online if you are getting serious about cheese carving. Just make sure they are the right size for your cheese! I have chosen a gingerbread man, because the size of the cheese means that the rind around the edge will make it look like he has shoes!\nStep 6: Carving Your Design\nOnce you have positioned your cookie cutter to your satisfaction, you can apply force evenly on the top of the cookie cutter until the cheese has been fully cut through and you are left with a clean outline of the cookie cutter.\nStep 7: Separating Your Design\nWhen you are sure that the cookie cutter has completely cut through the cheese, gently pull on the surplus material around the edge of your design, and it should separate cleanly.\nWhen you have separated the outside material from your design, push on the cheese inside the cookie cutter whilst pulling on the top of the cookie cutter, and with a little force it should slide out cleanly.\nStep 8: Enjoying the Fruits of Your Labour!", "122" ] ]

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[ [ "MuMo - LoRa Gateway\nIntroduction: MuMo - LoRa Gateway\n### UPDATE 10-03-2021 // the latest information / updates will be available on the github page:\nhttps://github.com/MoMu-Antwerp/MuMo\nWhat is MuMo?\nMuMo is a collaboration between product development (a department of the University of Antwerp) under the name of Antwerp Design Factory and the Antwerp Fashion Museum.\nThe goal of the project is to build an open source IOT monitor system based on a LoRa network.\n* It should be easy to set up.\n* It should be easy to assemble.\n* It must be scalable in terms of application area.\nWhat the project MuMo contains:\nMuMo Node\nThe MuMo Node is a low power device on AA batteries that can measure and transmit environmental parameters over a LoRa network. The parameters are temperature, humidity, ambient pressure and brightness.\n*** The MuMo node can be extended with other functionalities to be used in other applications.***\nMuMo Gatway\nThe MuMo Gateway is an active LoRa gateway that can receive and forward LoRa signals from the Node device over the internet. In this project the gateway will also be equipped with the same sensors of the MuMo Node device, air dust sensor and an bug trap that can be remotely monitored with a camera.\n*** The gateway does not need to be equipped with sensors or a camera. It can also only serve to provide a LoRa network (non measuring gateway).***\nMuMo Dashboard\nThe MuMo Dashboard is provided to create an overview web application of the network that is being created. It is made user-friendly with different functionalities. The dashboard can be fully customized to the wishes and application of the user.\nGithub page:\nhttps://github.com/MoMu-Antwerp/MuMo\nLinked Instructable pages:\nMuMo_Node: https://www.instructables.com/MuMo-Node/\nMuMo_Gateway: https://www.instructables.com/MuMo-LoRa-Gateway/\nRequired Tools:\n* 3D printer with filament\n* Solder iron / solder\n* Small cutting plier\n* Hot glue gun (or other fixation tools)\n* Small screwdriver\nStep 1: #Hardware - Ordering Parts\nParts to order:\nSee the github page for a recent overview:\nhttps://github.com/MoMu-Antwerp/MuMo/blob/master/Shopping_list.md\nStep 2: #Hardware - 3D Printed Parts\nParts to 3D print:\n1. Gateway\n+ GATEWAY_Main_Housing\n+ GATEWAY_Backcover\n2. Sensor_extension\n+ Sensor_Housing\n+ Sensor_Backcover\n3. Camera_extension\n+ Camera_Housing\n+ Camera_Backcover\n4. Trap_extension\nthe github page for the latest STL files:\nhttps://github.com/jokohoko/Mumo/tree/main/STL_GATEWAY\nPrint filament:\nPETG (preferred and more durable)\nPLA\nGeneral print settings:\n* No support needed\n* Infill not necessary\n* 0.2 layer height\n* 3 outside perimeters (for strength and durability)\nStep 3: #Software - Prepare SD Card Raspberry Pi\nParts:\n* Raspberry Pi\n* Micro SD card.\nInstructions:\n1.", "152" ], [ "Make sure the SD card is flashed and that the right raspberry operation system (Raspberry Pi OS(32-bit) with desktop) image is installed on to the micro SD card. Follow the link below to find the right instructions to flash and prepare your micro SD card.\n2. Insert your micro SD card into the Raspberry Pi.\nLink:\nhttps://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/installation/installing-images/\nStep 4: #Hardware - Prepare the Air Dust Sensor (optional)\nParts:\n* seeed air dust sensor\n* 2 x resistor (3.3 KΩ)\n* Grove hat board\n* 2 x shrink sleeves\nInstructions:\n1. Cut the red wire up to the connector.\n2. Cut the yellow wire at a distance of 3 cm from the connector.\n3. Cut the black wire at a distance of 2 cm from the connector.\n4. Strip the end of each wire.\n5. Put a small shrink sleeve over the yellow cable.\n6. Put a large shrink sleeve over the yellow and black cable.\n7. Solder the two resistors in series with the yellow cable of the connector in between.\n8. Solder the other yellow cable on the side of the sensor to one of the resistors.\n9.", "259" ] ]

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[ [ "A Year of Living Strategically · Global Voices\nThe Global Voices core team in Coyoacán, Mexico City, with Mexico contributor <PERSON> and digital security expert <PERSON>. Photo: <PERSON>.\nLast month the Global Voices core team met in Mexico City for a four-day retreat. We usually manage to meet once a year, but the last time we were able to get everyone together was January 2015, after the GV Summit in Cebu, Philippines. While we've become quite efficient at working as a virtual team, nothing beats a couple of days of face time to hash out difficult problems, come up with new ideas, and work out plans for projects.\nWhat planning session is complete without a cloud of sticky notes on a wall?\nOur Mexico City meeting was especially important for dreaming and strategic planning, as 2017 promises to be a vital year in the future of Global Voices. We face metastasizing threats to the idea of truth in news and information in many countries around the world. This is an accelerating trend that we've been observing and working to combat since our founding over a decade ago. At the same time, online conversations are now predominantly on social media platforms ordered by algorithmic filtering of stories and voices, creating filters for our realities that can feel totalizing. It is disheartening, but not surprising to know, for instance, that the Internet in Myanmar is now mostly on Facebook, and that in many communities the application layer is the only part of the internet that people experience.\nOf course, the idea that online space was ever free and open has always been suspect for communities used to comprehensive government filtering and surveillance. This is true where many of us live and work, such as China, Bahrain, or more recently aggressive governments, such as Turkey.\nThe challenges we faced when we formed as a community remain as large as ever, but their nature has shifted. We have less visibility and perhaps less insight into the digital media companies that mediate of our thoughts. We can see this change in how readers engage with us. For instance, spikes in traffic on Global Voices used to be driven by events in real life. When an earthquake hit China’s Sichuan Province in 2008, we knew that interest in our stories was connected to the in-person documentation that Chinese citizens were sharing online, and that we were translating and analyzing.", "398" ], [ "In 2011 our growth in traffic was directly connected to our reporting on the Arab uprisings and the Japanese earthquake and tsunami, and throughout that time we could see periodic spikes in traffic tied to world events – natural disasters, political uprisings and transitions, protests and conflicts.\nOver the past few years, however, we've seen a shift in attention and engagement. Now traffic spikes will also accord with online phenomena that are disconnected or heavily mediated by online phenomena. They are attention events rather than actual events – driven and influenced by algorithms. An example is the effect of an inflammatory <PERSON> Tweet, which is given more time and attention by media outlets than other, more important issues that might be occurring at the same time. These key occurrences may not penetrate the consciousness of many publics because stories about them do not receive the algorithmic love given to more facile, sensational reporting, either intentionally or by chance.\nGlobal Voices web traffic 2008-2011. The spikes correlate with current events.\nWe at Global Voices have never found the cyber-skeptic v. cyber-utopian debate to be interesting or helpful. We focus first on the often messy arena of human interaction and discourse, and recognize that technologies are tools designed and built with affordances that can serve or damage human interests. It is, of course, difficult to predict the moral effects of most technologies. While it is possible to design technologies on the basis of principles such as openness, bridging, or empathy, that intent, of course, is never sufficient in itself to guarantee benefit to individuals, communities or publics. The simple reason for this is that we do not all agree on which values should underpin our societies.\nThat said, we are acutely aware that values aligned with markets and governmental control increasingly dominate the internet and mobile networks. Some believe those values to be drivers of human progress; the interests of markets and governments are not necessarily the same. However, their interests are intertwined in the desire to understand, catalogue and order human activities, with the result that much of our online lives are continuously surveilled and monitored, by social media companies, by third-party applications and advertisers, and by government agencies. Governments in too many countries are aware of and seek to control online discourse, in an effort to manage, control and govern their populations, whether as part of a strategy of managed authoritarianism, or to keep track of populations they mistrust.", "256" ] ]

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[ [ "The two sentences just before the ones you quoted indicates that at least two (the plural is used) and likely more (\"surrounded\") Balrogs were dispatched to stop <PERSON>: This gives us a lower limit.\nThus it was that he (<PERSON>) drew far ahead of the van of his host; and seeing this the servants of Morgoth turned to bay, and there issued from <PERSON> to aid them. There upon the confines of Dor Daedeloth, the land of Morgoth, <PERSON> was surrounded, with few friends about him. The <PERSON>\nThe main problem lies in determining the upper limit, since the total population of Balrogs varied a lot during the redaction of what would later become the Silmarillion, from hundreds to at most seven:\nThere came wolves, and wolfriders, and there came Balrogs a thousand, and there came worms and drakes, and <PERSON>, Father of Dragons. War of the Jewels, The Grey Annals - Year 472 ~230\nThe idea that <PERSON> disposed of a 'host' of Balrogs endured long, but in a late note my father said that only very few ever existed - 'at most seven'. Book of Lost Tales, Tome 2, The Fall of Gondolin\nThe upper limit on the number of Balrogs fought by <PERSON> (including Gothmog) is therefore \"three up to a thousand\" (but likely no more than a dozen top, see the following rational)\nLet's focus on the number of Balrogs he defeated, next.", "466" ], [ "I would say \"none\", since no kill is mentioned in text, and the two Balrogs defeated by <PERSON> and <PERSON> respectively are seen as big deals in the rest of the published Silmarillion, which aims at a certain coherency (see the book forewords).\nIn fact, it appears that <PERSON> obeys the rule of ConservationOfNinjutsu. Depending of their total population at the time of redaction, a single <PERSON> could be considered narratively as anything ranging from EliteMook to PhysicalGod:\nThe early conception of <PERSON> makes them less terrible, and certainly more destructible, than they afterwards became: they existed in 'hundreds' (p. 170), and were slain by <PERSON> and the Gondothlim in large numbers: thus five fell before <PERSON>'s great axe Dramborleg, three before <PERSON>'s sword, and two score were slain by the warrior's of the king's house. Book of Lost Tales, Tome 2, The Fall of Gondolin\nDisclaimer: This answer contains TVTropes links. Be prepared to lose several hours of your time.", "381" ] ]

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[ [ "I suppose this is slightly timely with all the awards this game recieved (which I don't disagree with!) in the CSR awards. I'll just go through a few things about the game briefly, but most of my time will be spent on the gameplay/my thoughts on it.\nMy own wargame path:\nPrefacing all these comments is the rather interesting wargame path I've been on from my start in basic Euros a year or two ago; this is my first true hex and counter wargame (this and <PERSON> Musket and Pike series). I've become completely immersed in the CDG genre, playing and buying many, many of them. So the review is colored by that fact. Also coloring this is that my experience with this game has been almost entirely solo plays--I've only played it ftf once. Keep all this in mind.\nComponents:\nThe components are just fine, very functional, just like the rest of the game. The map is serviceable and the art is clean and recognizable but not exciting or drool worthy. The counter ratio, especially at the beginning of the game when all Russian troops are bunched up, is high for the size of the hexes. So things are a little sticky at the beginning in the small hexes, but once the game gets started things tend to get spread out a little bit. The setup on the counters and map is absolutely a lifesaver and whoever suggested that needs a hug or something. It probably shaves 30 minutes at least off the setup. Counters are basic, with the inclusion of two types of counters. I use silhouettes since I'm not a true hex and counter wargamer, I guess! I would prefer a heavier GMT box from MMP, just like Shifting Sands. But you can't have everything.\nGameplay Thoughts:\n--More than anything, this game is stripped down and tight. In fact, if I had one way to describe this game, it would be tight. The rules are uncomplicated and there are almost no exceptions. The objectives are clear, and the types of terrain one will be fighting in are relatively limited.\n--the game plays great solo, the chit draw system makes it ideal for solo wargamers (and I know there are many out there). My ftf game was great fun as well, but the game doesn't lose as much as, say, a CDG, from playing solo.\n--This wargame has a dual identity in some ways. On one hand I would call it an ideal entry wargame for Eurogamers entering into wargames.", "993" ], [ "There is almost no chrome whatsoever in the game. The game is balanced, as far as I can tell, extremely well. It is very competitive. All units move virtually the same. The game is extremely positional as well and the CRT is not very variable, featuring almost entirely retreats. You generally know almost exactly what the result of combat will be. If one maneuvers correctly, the enemy will be defeated and to inflict losses one needs to surround the enemy. I think this is a great transition game for Eurogamers who are used to their \"elegant,\" self-contained mechanisms. In many ways, this is as close as wargames get to that style of rulebook and game system.\nOn the other hand, I would say that this is the ultimate <PERSON> competition game. It plays quickly and to go back to an earlier theme, feels extremely well balanced. Most wargames, in my estimation, require some sense of the players \"playing by the rules\" and making the game narrative proceed in an entertaining direction. Once players start to deviate, the game system often bogs down or breaks. Most wargames simply don't hold up well to two cutthroat players playing against each other, gaming the system against each other. But there are a few wargames that play quickly, feature little errata and therefore are ideal games for competitive wargamers to match wits in. In my experience there are not too many of these games, surprisingly. I think this game has a good chance to be a key part of the wargame tournament scene in the future.\nI find this dichotomy odd, but I suppose it makes sense--those same characteristics which make the game simple, play quickly, balanced, etc and appeal to new gamers could also lead to experienced wargame players playing often--> highly developed and refined strategies for experienced players.\n--this game is one of the few I can think of that doesn't need any exceptions to create historical gameplay. And that is really impressive to see--it speaks to the quality of the design, I think. The campaign develops historically and the Germans frantically try to hold on to rivers and cities while they wait for their powerful units. There is a great deal of tension. In some of my games, there even was a significant German counterattack.", "449" ] ]

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[ [ "DR of Congo: How Will the Elections Unfold? · Global Voices\nThe presidential elections in the DRC are scheduled for November 28, 2011. The stakes are evidently high, given the history of civil conflict (the 2006 presidential elections were facilitated by UN peacekeepers).\nThe 2011 campaign officially began on October 28 [fr] and includes 13 candidates in a country that has as many as 400 political parties. Many observers have highlighted the major events during the campaign, and attempted to forecast how the elections will unfold.\nRadio Okapi highlights the difficulties [fr] encountered by the CENI (the Independent Commission for the National Elections) in the days before the elections:\nAu cours d’une conférence de presse tenue vendredi 25 novembre, son rapporteur <PERSON> a déclaré que 33 aéronefs n’ont pas pu décoller pour des raisons météorologiques. Ces engins devraient servir au déploiement du matériel électoral dans les provinces.«Vous êtes un peu déçu, mais rassurez-vous que ce n’est pas de mauvaise foi. C’est pour des raisons opérationnelles », a ajouté <PERSON>.En dépit de ces difficultés logistiques, <PERSON> a annoncé que les élections auront bel et bien lieu le 28 novembre.\nDuring the November 25 press conference, the CENI representative <PERSON> declared that 33 aircraft could not take off because of bad weather. The planes are needed for the distribution of election materials in the provinces. “You're a little disappointed, but rest assured that it's not in bad faith. The delay is mostly because of operational reasons,” said <PERSON>. Despite these logistical difficulties, <PERSON> announced that elections will indeed take place on November 28.\nRadio Okapi also notes that 50,000 voters in the region of Rutshuru of Northern Kivu still did not know where they would vote [fr]:\nDes sources rapportent qu’au moins 18 centres n’ont toujours pas de listes d’électeurs. Cette situation inquiète les électeurs de ce territoire.", "575" ], [ "[..] Député élu de la circonscription électorale de Rutshuru, <PERSON> appelle ses électeurs à l’apaisement.\n«J’ai contacté la haute hiérarchie de la Ceni. Toutes ces autorités viennent de me rassurer que les listes électorales vont nous arriver avant les élections. Tout détenteur de la carte électorale à Rutshuru va voter lundi. C’est la garantie qu’ils m’ont donné et je voudrais que toute la population de Rutshuru s’apaise», a rassuré le professeur <PERSON>.\nSources report that at least 18 centers still do not have electoral lists. This worried the voters of the territory. […] <PERSON>, the elected MP in the electoral district of Rutshuru, asked her constituents for calm.\n“I contacted the top hierarchy of the CENI. The authorities assured me that the voters lists are going to reach us before the elections. Any holder of a voter's card in Rutshuru will be able to vote on Monday. This is the guarantee they gave me and I want all the people of Rutshuru to stay calm.”\nVoting Booth in DRC on Flickr by FredR (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).\nIn Bunyakiri, the blog Local Voices also raised concerns about the fact that electoral lists and voting ballots are still to be dispatched [fr] to 160 polling stations.\n<PERSON> sums up the growing fear of delay:\nA last-minute delay in the election appears to be likely, according to several separate diplomatic sources in Kinshasa. The sources, who wished the remain anonymous given the insistence by the election commission that elections will be held on November 28, said that it would extremely difficult to deploy all necessary materials on time. However, one of the diplomats suggested that the commission thinks it will be less controversial to present the various actors with a fait accompli: a brief delay of the polls.\nHowever, other sources, including the election commission and the UN peacekeeping mission, believe it is still possible to hold elections on time.\nThe logistical task for the election commission is daunting.", "847" ] ]

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[ [ "The distinction isn't actually as sharp as it may seem. If you get really pedantic about it, you can create borderline cases that blur the line as much as you like.\nThe first answer, that it's just the difference between acoustic phonons and optical phonons, is correct. But then that just leads to the next question: What's the difference between those? In a perfect lattice, it's easy to define: Phonons are quantized lattice oscillations, acoustic phonons are the ones that belong on a continuous band such that the energy goes to zero as the wavelength goes to infinity, and optical phonons are all the other ones.\nBut what about something that's not a perfect crystal lattice? If you have an imperfect crystal (i.e. every crystal in the actual real universe), then the bands aren't really continuous (the states are very close together, but there's still a finite number of them), and the states of well-defined energy don't quite have a well-defined wavelength. You can have some localized modes associated with defect structures. But you can still unambiguously label the great majority of the modes as either optical or acoustic by identifying the thing as a perturbation of the ideal perfect crystal.\nThings get much, much messier as you get into nanocrystalline and eventually amorphous materials, and some people prefer to throw out the concept of a phonon altogether, but this has always seemed excessive to me. To me, a phonon is a quantized oscillation that primarily involves the motion of the ion cores, regardless of whether the structure is periodic or not (and there's a lot of literature out there about \"phonons in amorphous materials\" that agrees with me).", "795" ], [ "If you get extremely pedantic about that definition, in fact, you have to admit that there aren't actually any phonons in the real world, because there aren't any perfect crystals in the real world. Not useful.\nThen you just reduce the size of the system in this thought experiment. What's the fundamental difference between a large molecule and a small amorphous solid? There really isn't one. As you make it smaller, the approximation that lets you treat each quantized oscillation (whether you're willing to call it a \"phonon\" or not) as part of a continuous band gradually gets worse and worse, and for a small molecule it makes no sense at all.\nSo I propose this more general definition: A quantized oscillation is described by a displacement field, giving the amplitude of oscillation at each point in the material (or molecule). If the vector difference of this displacement field between any two bonded atoms is a small fraction of rms displacement of all the atoms, the mode is called acoustic. Otherwise it's called optical. For small molecules there may well be no acoustic oscillations, but for a sufficiently large molecule there will be.\nSo now we're just left with how we define \"a small fraction.\" That's what I mean by the dividing line not being as sharp as you might think.", "795" ] ]

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[ [ "It depends on what you're trying to accomplish.\nThink of authors that you've read who handle dialogue differently, and what they were trying to convey.\nFor instance:\n\"I'm headed to the store,\" <PERSON> called out to his wife as he headed for the front door.\n\"Really? What are we out of?\"\n\"Eggs. I used the rest of them baking that cake last night, and I wanted to make sure that we had enough for the church brunch this Sunday.\"\n\"Oh, okay. Drive safe, hurry back.\"\n\"I will. Love you!\"\n\"Love you, too.\"\nAs opposed to:\n<PERSON> slowly trudged down the stairs. He longed for the days when something as simple as going to the grocery store was just that: simple.\nHe cleared his throat before calling out, \"I'm headed to the store.\"\n<PERSON> wiped the tears from her eyes. His voice had come out of nowhere, cutting through the dense fog of depression that threatened to overwhelm her. She looked around to see if he had seen her crying, but no, his voice emanated from somewhere else inside the house.\nHer words came tumbling out before she had time to judge what tone was necessary. \"Really?\" she asked. \"What are we out of?\"\n<PERSON> was glad she was in the other room so that she didn't see his wince. \"Eggs,\" he said, trying to keep emotion out of his voice. \"I used the rest of them baking that cake last night, and I wanted to make sure that we had enough for the church brunch this Sunday.\"\n<PERSON>'s face fell into her hands again.", "627" ], [ "Like that cake was going to all at once make up for his betrayal. And that damn brunch! They'd agreed to help with the annual Memorial Day brunch over a month ago, long before his late-night confession.\nShe mustered the rest of her emotional strength to keep her voice in check. \"Oh, okay,\" she said. \"Drive safe, hurry back.\"\n<PERSON> almost let out an audible sigh of relief; one of the few discussions, if it could be called that, they'd had in a long time that hadn't devolved into a shouting match. \"I will,\" he called out. He hesitated before saying what he had in mind next; he didn't want this spark to rekindle her anger, understandable and justified though it was. Nevertheless, he wanted his feelings to be known.\n\"I love you,\" he said, just before a tear snuck out and traversed a route down his cheek.\n<PERSON> heard the catch in her husband's voice, and a new wave of emotion rolled over her. He must think I hate him, she thought. How could I hate him? She felt the need to reaffirm their bond before he headed out the door, while at the same time not wanting him to think that everything was fine. She settled on a simple, \"Love you, too.\"\nVs.:\n<PERSON> made sure to tell his wife where he was going before he headed out the door to buy more eggs for the Sunday brunch.\nEven though the dialogue itself is the same in these three examples, they're each trying to accomplish something different, and neither is wrong. Any of these styles (or 17 others one could think of) could be applicable to the same story. Just establish what you're trying to accomplish before you try to accomplish it.", "417" ] ]

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[ [ "Post-alien war story about a young man searching for his younger siblings and some kinda of fanatical Doomsday cult planning to end the world\nI read this book in my school library a very long time back. Like around 2004 or something like that. Didn't get to finish the whole book through. But from what I could remember,\n* Story takes place in 1999 during the final years of the 20th century.\n* The book has an alternate history. It set in a sort of post-alien war world.\n* There are 2 types of humans. Evolved humans called E-Humans and the old humans i.e the ones that can't evolve. Most of the humanity has evolved and old humans make up only about 2% of the whole population.\n* Technology has also rapidly evolved as the war ended. But that heyday of that growth and prosperity has long since passed.\n* Decadence and complacency have taken over the people along with the decline in the values and morals. The enemy is no longer some kind of vicious creature or an alien entity but is the one that is lurking deep within every humans soul.\n* The main character is young man who lives in an apartment along with his very young sister and brother. Their parents abandoned them.", "1012" ], [ "As a result he quit school long time back and works multiple jobs to take care of his younger sister and brother.\n* Three months before the start of the story he is diagnosed with cancer and learns that he doesn't have much time left. Cancer actually has no affect on the evolved humans. But he is unfortunately, unlike his younger sister and brother, an old human / unevolved.\n* His life turns even more upside down when one day after coming from work he finds his younger brother and sister missing. And the police do little to almost nothing. He decides to search for his siblings on his own.\n* Eventually after digging up and looking around for information for a long time he learns about a Doomsday like cult that have abducted his younger siblings.\n* After learning about it I think he immediately rushed into one of the cult's base underestimating their power and network. He is almost killed I think but he is rescued by some old man.\n* The old man seems to know about his parents. He was the commander of a special division within the military during the alien war.\n* I don't remember too much after this. But, I think they also find out that the cult is trying to open some kinda of portal to the sun that will destroy the earth. And the cult are gathering and/or abducting highly evolved humans to create the portal. The main character and the old man find out that the portal will be complete by January 1st, 2000 12:00 am.", "25" ] ]

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[ [ "Solar Charger Circuit (2nd Prototype)\nIntroduction: Solar Charger Circuit (2nd Prototype)\nThis time I'm trying to make some more practical solar charger circuits with multiple small size solar cells.\nThe capacity of the individual solar cell (Actually it's a small panel) is 5V 60mA.\nA total of ten cells are interconnected together as parallel to support 5V output with a maximum 600mA current producing solar charger circuit.\nThis circuit will be a more practical solution than the previous prototype using only a single solar panel.\nI'm interesting this circuit can support adequate capacity for fully charging 2900mAh 18650 battery within daylight hours.\nAlong with the charger circuit, I'm including additional circuit consuming generated electrical power during night hours with 1W LED.\nAs I mentioned in the previous solar circuit Instructable, this is an experimental circuit project to make a practical solar street lamp using high-power 12V Photovoltaic devices.\nStep 1: Schematics\nAs shown in the schematics above, the solar power generating circuit itself is simple.\nAs I'm interested in the operational scheme of the solar cell, several measuring circuits are included such as a voltage meter, ampere meter, and battery capacity level meter.\nI'll explain each measurement circuit one by one in the later step or at the other instructable as each device is a little bit complex.\nThe operational scheme of this solar circuit is simple like below.\n- Solar cell produces about 50mA current when it receives sunlight (Although the solar cell specification claims a maximum of 400mA, the actual current I got under the sunlight through windows is 50mA)\n- TP4056 lithium-ion battery charger circuit storing electric energy from the solar cell to 18650 battery (This module prevents overcharging and over-discharging of 18650 battery while operating)\n- The 18650 battery storing energy from TP4056\n- Battery level indicator circuit showing the capacity level of 18650 battery (This circuit was explained in other Instructables)\n- 1Watt LED circuit is a load of this solar circuit and consumes energy stored in the 18650 battery\nAs this kind of solar circuit that charging battery is very common, maybe no further explanation will be necessary.\nStep 2: Parts\nThe first design of this solar charger circuit was not much complex.\nBut I had tried to make this circuit more useful and more sub-components are added subsequently.\nI'll explain the detailed circuit operation scheme in the later step (Step 5. operation scenario).\nFor making this circuit, the following components are utilized.\n***\n- 5V 60mA solar panels (10EA, 68mm x 35mm size)\n- 20L15T Schottky diode as blocking current from battery to panel\n- Arduino Uno board\n- TQ2-5V relay (2 contacts)\n- 2N3904 NPN transistor\n- 1N4001 silicon diode\n- Resistors (1.2K, 330ohmx5, 10Kx2, 100K)\n- LEDs (Greenx2, Yellowx2, Redx1)\n- 1W white LED\n- LDR (photo-resistor sensor)\n- TP4056 Lithium-Ion battery charger\n- 5V Boost-up voltage regulator (input 3V ~ 4.2V to 5V output)\n- Push-button\n- PCBs, metal supporters\n- DuPont wires (male, female) and interconnection wires\n- 18650 battery\n***\nYou can see each component in the schematics depicted in the steps later.\nStep 3: Electricity Generating Capability of New Solar Panel\nThe most interesting part of this project is how much electricity can be produced by the newly made solar panel.\nTherefore, I measured voltage as current on a very shiny day (1st April 2022) and the result is shown in the graphs above.\nAs my apartment is facing the western side, sunlight is bombarding the solar panel from 11:50 AM.\nAgain far less current is produced from the claimed solar panel capacity.\nAs 10EA of 5V 60mA panels are used, theoretically about 600mA should be produced.\nBut the actual is about 1/4 of current (160mA) is produced at its maximum.\nMaybe as the panel is located inside balcony windows, the strength of sunlight seems a little bit degraded.\nBut the voltage measurement is quite OK as 3.8~5.2V is observed and most time more than 4.1V is produced by the new panel.\nAs the nominal voltage for the TP4056 charging battery is 4.1V, I can see the 18650 battery charging slowly but continually.\nTherefore, the battery voltage increases from 3.6V to 4.1V while the solar panel gets sunlight.\nAs conclusion, new solar panel can support adequate energy producing capability for charging the 18650 battery.", "267" ] ]

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[ [ "Although your question does not say it, I'm assuming that you do not want windows to overlap.\nOne approach to this problem is to use a constraint solver such as Choco. One simply writes down the constraints encoding your problem, tunes the solver to act in a smart way, and then let it run. This means that all the thinking you need to do will be spent on finding a good way of encoding the problem, not on devising an algorithm and doing the programming and tuning. Here is a partial answer to get you started.\nAssume that the screen size is by $x_{max}\\times y_{max}$.\nFor each window, $W_i$, you'll have a set of variables $x_i, y_i, h_i, w_i$ and constraints\n* $x_i,y_i,h_i,w_i\\ge 0$\n* $x_i + w_i \\le x_{max}$\n* $y_i + h_i \\le y_{max}$\n* Perhaps also some constraints on the minimal size of windows, e.g., $h_i\\ge 100$ and so forth.\n* Aspect constraints: If aspect ratio is 3:4, the constraint could be something like $4h_i - \\epsilon \\le 3 w_i \\le 4 h_i + \\epsilon$, where $\\epsilon$ is some small non-zero error term to allow for non-perfect window sizes, as otherwise you'd over constraint the problem.\nNow you need to take care of window overlap.", "946" ], [ "For each pair of windows, $W_i, W_j$, where $i\\neq j$, you'll generate constraints like the following, which capture that no corner of $W_j$ appears within $W_i$. For $(x,y)\\in{(x_j,y_j), (x_j+w_j,y_j), (x_j,y_j+h_j), (x_j+w_j,y_j+h_j)}$, generate constraint:\n* $\\neg(x_i \\le x\\le x_i + w_j \\wedge y_i\\le y \\le y_i+h_j)$.\nThe constraints specified thus far only describe non-overlapping windows that do not spill over the sides of the screen, that satisfy some minimal size constraints, and that preserve their aspect ratio.\nIn order to get a good fit, you need to specify a metric that captures what it means to be a good layout. One possibility is to assume that you want to keep windows roughly equal in size and/or that you want to minimize \"white space\". I do not think that this can be specified using Choco, but it may be possible with another constraint solve (someone else might be able to help here).\nChoco does allow one to maximize wrt to an objective function specified as a single variable. Based on this idea, you could maximize the following:\n* $\\sum_i (h_i + w_i)$\nby writing a constraint $\\mathit{cost}=\\sum_i (h_i + w_i)$ and telling <PERSON> to maximize $\\mathit{cost}$.", "433" ] ]

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[ [ "Interview with the Vampire\nMy movie watching lately has pretty much been the occasional theater appearance and following up with the books I have been reading. I finished Interview With The Vampire last month and now I finally got to a rewatch. I think the film does a good job at capturing the main structure of the novel.", "79" ], [ "It is much breezier and things are changed and left behind but nonetheless, it’s a solid film. The casting was spot on if you ask me. I had a great time rewatching this after not see in for roughly 20 years.", "583" ] ]

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[ [ "Flux Capacitor PCB Badge\nIntroduction: Flux Capacitor PCB Badge\nHey Everyone what's up!\nSo this is my \"FLUX Capacitor\" PCB Badge which is a replica of the actual Flux Capacitor which was in back to the future movie.\nThe Flux Capacitor was the core component of Dr. <PERSON>'s time-traveling DeLorean time machine which makes time travel possible.\nAlso, the Flux Capacitor in the movie required 1.21 Gigawatts of power to Run which was supplied via the plutonium nuclear reactor which was later replaced by Mr. <PERSON>.\nBuy this badge from here - https://www.tindie.com/products/pselectrobot/flux-capacitor/\nSupplies\nWe Required the following components for this Badge Built-\n* Custom PCB (which was provided by PCBWay)\n* LEDs 06038205S Mosfet IC\n* 10K Resistance 0805\n* M7 Diode\n* Attiny85\n* USB Micro Port\n* 1K Resistance\n* Lithium CR2032 Cell SMD Holder\n* Solder paste\n* Arduino as ISP Programmer setup (consist of Arduino Nano or UNO)\nStep 1: Energy Consumption\nMy Version is smaller and only requires 2.6V at 0.0069A which is around 0.017 Watts or 0.000000000017 Gigawatts which is pretty low if compared with the actual Flux Capacitor.\nIt runs on a 3V CR2032 Lithium Coin Cell or it can be powered by an onboard Micro USB Port.", "982" ], [ "(also this is my first PCB Badge) LEDs are controlled by 8205S MOSFET IC and the gate of MOSFET IC is controlled by an Attiny85 MCU.\nStep 2: Schematic\nAbove is the schematic of the actual Flux Capacitor which was made DOC Brown, Along with the schematic of my edition.\nStep 3: Built Process and PCB Ordering\nI prepared PCBs for this project in my OrCad PCB Editor and after fining this PCB I sent the Gerber data to PCBWay for samples and received them after few weeks,\nI have to say PCBs that I got were great as expected! PCBWay, you guys rock.\ncheck out PCBWay for great PCB service at less cost.\nStep 4: ​PCB Assembly\nNext is the PCB Assembly process which will include adding solder paste to each component's pads and then pick and place each component on their assigned place process and at last the hotplate reflow process.\nStep 5: Solder Paste\nAfter Receiving the PCB, all that left to do was to apply solder paste to each component pad.\nI used a normal Sn-Pb solder paste which has a melting temp from 140 to 270 °C\nAfter Adding solder paste, we need to do the \"PICK and Place Process\"\nStep 6: \"PICK and Place Process\"\nI then used an ESD Tweeaser to carefully pick and place each component on their assigned place one by one which took like 3 mins top but end result was a perfect PCB with all the components place in their place in the right orientation.\n(we are using LEDs here so be extra careful when placing them in their assigned place, talking about polarity here)\nStep 7: Hotplate\nAfter the \"PICK and Place Process\", I carefully lifted the whole circuit board and place it on my DIY SMT Hotplate which is also homemade just like this project.\nhttps://www.instructables.com/DIY-SMT-Hotplate-Pro...\nAfter Few mins when the hotplate reaches the Solderpaste melting TEMP, all the components will get soldered by this Hot Reflow process and Our Flux Cap PCB will be completed.\nNow let's flash the attiny85 and finally run this sucker.\nStep 8: Code\nAs for the Code, I'm using this modified chaser sketch.\nStep 9: Arduino As ISP\nI have used this Arduino as an ISP programmer which I made last year. it's basically an Arduino nano that has its SPI Pins breakout for connecting Attiny85 or Attiny13A with it in order to flash the Attiny MCU. If you want to know how this setup works then definitely check out this post of mine.\nhttps://www.instructables.com/Multiple-ATtiny8513A...", "472" ] ]

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[ [ "Light-Tracking BEAM Robot Head\nIntroduction: Light-Tracking BEAM Robot Head\nHey all! Super excited to finally be sharing this robot with the internet. It is a light-seeking robot that is entirely free-formed using BEAM style analog logic, that means no microcontrollers, and it runs entirely on solar power. It is a bit long but definitely watch my 30 minute explanation video if you want more detailed information on how everything works.\nWhen I was very very young and just starting to get interested in electronics, these analog BEAM circuits were already going the way of the dinosaurs to make way for these newfangled PICAXE controllers or even an Arduino if you were lucky enough! As such, I only ever saw the tail end of the BEAM movement but something about those circuits still tickles me to this day. There is something about manipulating the movement of electrons at the most base level, no abstracting it with 1s and 0s, in order to make a pile of silicone... intelligent!\nThis circuit is much more finicky, took a tonne more work, and is nowhere near as powerful/versatile as a microcontroller based robot that would do the same thing, but I hope you will agree that there is something special about him. Maybe I am getting too philosophical here but there is something about his analogue nature that makes him more lifelike, gives him more personality than even a complicated digital program. Indeed, he was out of commission for just over a week while I waited for time to fix his motors and I really did miss him sitting there on my desk.In the demonstration videos you will even see a couple of animals/insects who I caught curiously inspecting the robot, I don't think they could tell if it was alive or not either ;).\nIn any case, I think that all of this philosophy is secondary to the main function of this robot which is... to look nice. I definitely think of this robot as an electronic sculpture and the \"life\" that the circuitry brings all just adds to the art.\nAll of my Instructables fall under 2 camps.\n1.", "51" ], [ "Follow along with the instructions as I have shown.\n2. Mostly just inspiration and not something to follow exactly.\nThis Instructable falls cleanly in the second category and you would definitely need to understand the whole schematic and do lots of prototyping and testing if you were to attempt this project or something similar.\nI will try not write as much as I tend to do as this is already a very large project so if I miss anything just ask in a comment.\nFinally, some of this is out of order as I was jumping ahead and making sections while waiting for other parts. So I have presented it in the most logical order build wise but there may be some continuity errors.\nEDIT: For anyone curious, my marble machine and tiny photopopper are both still going strong!\nSupplies\nTools\nMy 2 favourite hand tools are files and a jewellers saw. My 2 favourite power tools are my belt grinder and drill press. Alongside sandpaper and blowtorches for soldering these are the only tools I used to make the whole mechanical assembly.\nFor the free-forming I used a chisel tip soldering iron (only bringing out the fine tip for corrections I had to make to already densely populated sections of the free-forming). I also used a set of needle nose pliers from my local electronics hobby store and a pair of side cutters for all of the wire shaping.\nComponents\nI cant list all of the components here so I will just list the important ones:\nSolar panel: SM531K12L from digikey, 1.37W at 8.29V. It is quite pricey for a single panel but definitely the most efficient indoor solar panel I have come across at this size.\nMotors: 15RPM 3V N20 motor (45RPM works also and were the motors I originally chose but they were too fast. I bought a lot of N20 motors to test and it would seem that the 45RPM and 15RPM use the same speed motor with different gearing, while the 30RPM motors use a weaker motor with the 45RPM motor gearing. So while 30RPM would probably be the better choice, the 30RPM motors I bought did not work with the circuit I designed.\nICs: 74HC240s for the octo inverters and a 74HC14 for the hex inverter for the audio processing.\nCapacitors: There are many caps in this build but I wanted to mention that I generally chose long life electrolytics and high(ish) quality ceramics for a longer lifespan.", "98" ] ]

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[ [ "High Voter Turnout Reframes Trinidad Election Story · Global Voices\nThe release of official voter turnout figures for the recently concluded Local Government Elections in Trinidad is painting a very different picture of the political landscape in the country. Low voter presence at the polls, as early reports claimed, suggested disillusionment with the electoral process and voter apathy. But the reality has turned out to be very different – the total opposite, in fact – the largest voter turnout ever in a Local Government election.\nOnly a handful of netizens on Facebook seemed to have taken note of the story the new figures tell. <PERSON> reposted a status update from <PERSON>, a member of the opposition People's National Movement, which won the elections:\n<PERSON>, on hearing the news of the actual figures, commented:\nOkay…not the lowest, the highest!\nA minor discrepancy, surely?\nCheups!\n<PERSON> weighed in:\n448,000.", "289" ], [ "If I look smug, it's because I'm feeling happy.\nThe efforts of many paid off.\nStill think the electorate was apathetic?\nThis newspaper report confirmed the highest ever turnout and the CCN TV6 Facebook page (part of the same media conglomerate) also posted the official figures:\nOfficial EBC Local Government Election Results\nTOTAL ELECTORATE: 1036731\nTOTAL VOTES CAST: 451179\nVOTER TURNOUT: 43.52%\n<PERSON> linked to the full Elections and Boundaries report here, then turned her attention to the media sources from which the original reports of low voter turnout came:\nDear <PERSON>, the CNC3 panel with <PERSON> and <PERSON> was the first place I heard the alleged stats of 26/7% voter turn out.\nCan you indicate what was your station's source for the info?\n<PERSON> on I95.5 is currently blaming the EBC for the shoddy journalism exhibited by his news station.\nApparently is not their fault they didn't check their sources.\nThat last status update seemingly attracted some criticism, for she retorted:\nSo criticising a media house for spreading misinformation means you have a grouse against them… The same way criticising this govt automatically makes you a PNM.\nFinally, she noted:\nGuardian Editor is saying the stats quoted in the Guardian were given by an EBC source.\nSo does this mean the EBC was releasing unofficial stats before the voting was even done?\nHighly irregular.\nC News Live's Facebook page gave posted a table of the allocation of aldermen for the various districts, which emphasizes by how wide a margin the PNM actually won the election, securing just about 64% of seats.\nThe United National Congress, the party which the Prime Minister heads, won 25% and the Congress of the People, part of the governing People's Partnership coalition, just over 1%. <PERSON> newly formed Independent Liberal Party, at nearly 9%, managed to win a higher percentage than the COP. But the real winner of these elections seems to have been the electorate, which exercised its right to vote and to enforce change – at least on a local and community level.\nThe thumbnail image used in this post is by <PERSON>, used under an Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic Creative Commons license. Visit <PERSON> flickr photostream.", "289" ] ]

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[ [ "Fallen Leaves\nThere’s something poetic about a filmmaker inclined towards repetition making the fourth part of a trilogy, and the ratio of familiarity to content in FALLEN LEAVES is pretty much 1:1 - <PERSON>’s patented dry cocktail of anxiety, enervation and empathy goes down easy, albeit with a bit less bitterness in his old(ish) age. Never one to try to change the world, <PERSON> instead remakes the same small corner of it in his image, and if there’s a certain timidity in that project, it’s commensurate with a winning lack of pretension; he's not oblique, or enigmatic, or even confrontational, and nor is he trying to subvert anything. Instead, he puts people, things, and songs he likes onscreen in a space that flatters (though doesn’t flatten) them; his only message, insofar as he maybe has one, has to do with kindness (of the small, plausible variety). Anyway, take his honest recidivism over, say, <PERSON>, and note that the best thing that can be said for some kinds of cinema is that it doesn’t need much said about it at all.", "306" ] ]

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[ [ "1.) Yeah, i would think so. but to accomplish that, we would need to invent a whole new sidepart in Biology, which i call DNA-Crossing\n2.) While the inner Structure just need Bones, airfilled Korridors, a liquid(blood)system, Brains, (yes, more than 1 is needed if we go BIG) Nerves and a Gastrointestinal system, the Hull is where we face the tough Problems. It needs to withstand Radiation, Temparature changes between the Point off absolut Zero and, (well how hot get a exploding Star?), then we have ultra-fast moving Microobjects, and the List goes on.\nAn organig Spaceshiphull, that could face all these things, would be a Challenge. I would start wit a Fungus, that can hold a lot off Water. The Water would be needful, because it would transform a lot off ionizing Radiation into Heat, so we are safe and Warm inside the Ship.", "671" ], [ "Then i would teach the Fungus, per Genetic Enginiring, to get symbiotic with some Algeas for Oxygen, and Extremophile Bacterias from Hot Springs, the Antarctic, and coolingwaterbassins from Nuklear reactors, so it can perform even better, and Heal itself.\n3.) Answerd (mostly) in last Point.\n4.) That would be most likely Basic enginiring. Thrust would be just made with newer and stronger Rocket or Electric propulsers, like Magneto-plasma dynamics, and if we have more Oxygen then we need, we could use it as Fuel. Energy Production would be most likely a Fusion Reactor. We are now building Prototypes (Gen Zero) with ITER, and i think when we reach Gen 6 to 7 or later, we would have the expirience to use them safely on Space Ships.\nFor AG (artificial gravity), i am having an Idea. Since nowadays our understanding for Particles like Neutrons and Neutrinos is growing, i have thought of a Manipulation of these or others, to do our biding. In these Case specific, to create an Effect, that would be synonymous with an pressure Wave, that hits us constantly with 9.8 m/s.\n5.) That Science Field is called Kybernetic, and it is an Ethical Mess, so i will not say anything about it", "435" ] ]

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[ [ "Tetro\nReally cool/weird that this was included in the Delta Airlines streaming catalog.\nThis took me at least an hour to get into. Never been a melodramatic family drama type of guy, so early on my skepticism crept in.", "980" ], [ "Was I actually about to watch an emotionally vacant <PERSON> film?\nLuckily I’m a dumb stupid idiot and <PERSON> worked some damn magic into the latter half of the story. Dare I say it… there’s something profound in here.\nOne of those films I have no idea who to recommend it to. It’s not on the tier of Apocalypse Now or anything, but as a newly-indoctrinated <PERSON> fanboy, I say it’s worth a gander.", "647" ] ]

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[ [ "He is a hero.\nThe whole play is a \"morality\" play, with a virtue/vice comparison between <PERSON> and <PERSON>. But the twist is, from the outset, that <PERSON> is really the virtue (wise, biblical, popular), while <PERSON> is lost in vanity (harebrained, hot blooded) - but brave and honourable, like a legendary giant, with a devout, idealistic maiden in tow:\nPrince <PERSON>: ...I am not yet of <PERSON>'s mind, the <PERSON> of the north, he that kills me some six or seven dozen of Scots at a breakfast, washes his hands, and says to his wife “<PERSON> upon this quiet life! I want work.” “O my sweet <PERSON>,” says she, “how many hast thou killed today?” “Give my roan horse a drench,” says he, and answers “Some fourteen,” an hour after. “A trifle, a trifle.\". Act 2, Scene 4.\n<PERSON> is chivalry, and is considered on the whole to be living up to the expectation of his time. But, ultimately, in vain:\n<PERSON>: ...There's honour for you! Here's no vanity! Act 5, Scene 3.\nand slightly earlier\n<PERSON>: What is honour? A word...Honour is a mere scutcheon - and so ends my catechism. Act 5, Scene 1.\nHe is definitely not a villain. Perhaps there is similarity to <PERSON>, who is lost in vain. Also, for his hot-bloodedness, I can see similarities with <PERSON> in The Godfather:\n<PERSON>: I hope you're not a hot head like your brother <PERSON>, you can't talk business with him.", "381" ], [ "The Godfather.\nIs <PERSON> a villain in the Godfather? No way.\nPerhaps <PERSON>'s actions are not on the whole \"recommended\" by <PERSON>, in some sense, but he is given the role of a hero, not a villain. It is more likely <PERSON> is the villain. Consider Henry IV Part 2, where <PERSON> is ultimately cast out, and Henry V, where <PERSON> is hanged. But then, he is too likeable. So there is a deep character comparison going on. If there is a villain, what is being driven out is <PERSON>'s un-kingly life. He is fulfilling his potential. So personalities are so bright and vivacious in the play, it is the opposite (dullness) which is being driven out \"with a dagger of lath\", leaving the fulfilment of <PERSON> as <PERSON> (again, like in the Godfather).", "190" ] ]

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[ [ "Good news for once\nHello all. I know most posts are talking about the bad sides of retail but I’d just like to tell a decent story. I’ve worked for a corporate gas station for going on 15 years. I did the food side for about a decade before I switched, left the company for short periods of time, only to come back and realize what I had wasn’t that bad. I recently got my own store finally. It’s been a little bit of a challenge, mostly staffing. The people you lose when you first get a store. I had a few I for sure thought I’d lose but they seem to actually like me now. I’m actually really lucky with the ones I have right now. My regional manager came in and sang praises about how the store looked now. I was riding a high from that while worrying about an audit I had in a few days. The auditors came in to tell me how big a difference it was from the last time they were there. Backstock under control, things organized. I honestly try really hard, I always have.", "814" ], [ "I couldn’t have done it without my staff by any means, many have been there many years and know wtf they’re doing. We got rave reviews all around. I’m riding high and with really no one to tell. I’m proud of us and of myself. A good team really makes all the difference. For everyone who hates retail…it’s not always like that. I’ve left this job multiple times bc I get worn out and think better is out there but not much is. The grass is no always greener. I’m a lifer I’ve figured out and that’s ok. I make good money and I’m good at my job. What’s wrong with that? For those of you searching, maybe it’s right in front of you. Nothing wrong with being a lifer if you like your job and don’t hate life every day. Things don’t always suck. It honestly does get better ☺️", "1015" ] ]

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[ [ "You are conflating a number of issues here.\nWhy does my software have all these features to begin with?\nBecause other computers' software has those features, and network effects punish any software developer who doesn't follow the herd.\nLet's take an example from your question: Why does my web browser need to do anything other than basic HTML and CSS? Well, have you ever tried browsing the modern internet with all JavaScript disabled? It's functionally unusable. The problem is that, once JavaScript existed in a widely used browser (Netscape), people started using it in their webpages. That meant that other browsers had to add support for it to prevent their users from complaining that webpages are broken. And once more users had support for it in their browsers, more webpage authors started assuming that users had it. Round and round the positive feedback loop goes.\nSoftware developers have strong incentives for adding features to software, and strong disincentives for removing them or even changing them.\nIt's taking 25 years to kill Flash Player, despite it being an incredibly complicated, bug-ridden, security nightmare black box that Adobe themselves no longer wants anything to do with. You know that all hell is going to break loose on December 31, 2020 when the plug finally gets pulled and people can no longer play their beloved Flash games from 2001.\nWhy do employees of a company need to have full PCs rather than dumb terminals that can only view intranet pages?\nBecause intranet pages work great until an employee needs to do anything other than the specific tasks that the programmer has predetermined are that person's job.\nWhat happens when someone else (either inside or outside the company—let's call her \"<PERSON>\") wants to send you a presentation to review and edit? Every person at every job role at my company has had to do that at some point—managers, engineers, administration, facilities, you name it.\nYou can receive <PERSON>'s presentation file on your internal webmail, but you need some way to edit it. And that means your computer needs to be able to edit PowerPoint files, because that's what everyone uses.", "81" ], [ "And PowerPoint files are ludicrously flexible in what sort of content can be contained in them. So we're back to the network effects problem. If <PERSON> sends me a PowerPoint file and I can't edit on my computer because it uses features that my software doesn't support, that's my problem as far as <PERSON> is concerned.\nIt's functionally impossible to forsee all the things that someone might need to do for most modern jobs, for the simple reason that if it were possible, that job would probably already be fully automated. And that's not even accounting for the fact that many companies allow their employees to use company computers for all sorts of things that are not strictly part of their job description, such as streaming music.\nThere's also a more general principle here. As you correctly point out, most PCs are \"fundamentally overpowered and overcomplicated for the vast majority of tasks that any person employed by a normal, non-highly specialized IT company, or government entity, would logically need.\" The problem is that a computer that does all the tasks you need 95% of the time but is useless the remaining 5% of the time when you need to do something weird and specialized—is useless as a computer.\nI've heard it said that in software design, 10% of the features cover 90% of what any user needs, but that the remaining 10% of what any user needs is different for each user. If you take the set of features used by each user and intersect all of these sets, the result is not sufficient for any user.\n\"This interface would have a simple username/password system, with no demands to reset passwords or 'two-factor auth' or any of that nonsense\"\nThis gets its own subheading, because this is a totally separate class of issues from everything else you mention. Go over to Security.SE and read about why these things exist. There are very specific reasons for these security practices, that are totally orthogonal to any discussion about complexity of software.", "81" ] ]

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[ [ "I will admit that this is a guess, but I have to wonder whether it's an issue with the type of film restoration they do when making the disc. With older prints, there can be a lot of dust, scratches, hairs, etc. on the print. Also, depending on a number of factors about how the movie was filmed, it may be grainier than they wanted, but were limited at the time by budget, technology, etc.\nTo combat this, during the restoration, they'll use a number of filters and processes to reduce the amount of noise, dust, scratches, etc. This can result in a softening of parts of the image. It may be that when text is displayed, the softening is more obvious or objectionable, so they simply turn it off or turn it down in those scenes.", "896" ], [ "I say that because what I see in your examples is an increase in high frequency noise in the whole image when the credits are displayed.\nSo I asked a guy I know who won a technical Oscar for his work on film restoration systems. He had this to say:\nMost likely [at the end credits noise reduction is] turned off, or the company doing it was lazy. Usually when we did high dollar restorations ..., we’d essentially remove the text/credits, clean the image beneath and then clean the text and re-composite them because they have different characteristics (aka in that time they were likely optical effects, so they had double noise/grain and other foreign problems from the compositing process). But we did have several clients that wanted ‘quick and dirty’ restorations that wouldn’t pay for that level of work, they just wanted everything run with the same settings, which obviously wouldn’t work as well in opticals.\nWhat he refers to as \"opticals\" are when 2 things (in this case text and footage) are combined using a physical process rather than in a computer. For something like credits over footage, they would have to film the credits, then invert them, film the footage with the inverted credits over them, the project that with the original credits on top. All of these steps were done by projecting and refilming, so each step added more film grain. By the time they were done, it was all very grainy.\nHe added that a lot of times the client was paying by the frame, and they figured nobody cared about the credits, so as soon as the credits started, they'd just stop the restoration process and leave the credits noisy.", "896" ] ]

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[ [ "Resonant tunneling for wavepackets, simulation - what exactly is happening here?\nI have been learning various ways to solve TDSE and naturally, wavepacket motion seemed like a good test case to check the algorithms. Then, of course, I wanted to see one of the most interesting quantum phenomena - resonant tunneling.\nI haven't been able to found any good animations about this phenomenon before, so I was quite surprised by what I saw.", "187" ], [ "That's why I decided to ask the community what is happening here, and is my simulation giving physically correct results.\n1) I'm using absolute units, that is, nm and eV. Time is measured in $t/\\hbar $, eV$^{-1}$, all the following simulations go from $t=0$ to $t/\\hbar=67.5$ eV$^{-1}$.\n2) Electron has the usual mass, as if it's moving in vacuum.\n3) Wavepackets are gaussian, normalized with the same initial dispersion and initial group velocity determined by the input energy.\n4) I'm using transparent boundary conditions ($\\partial_x \\Psi(x_l) = -i k(E) \\Psi(x_l)$, and $\\partial_x \\Psi(x_r) = i k(E) \\Psi(x_r)$, where $x_l,x_r$ are left and right boundary).\nThe potential I'm using looks like this, and the three resonant energies I'm considering are listed at the top:\nNow, I understand that since wavepacket has an energy spread, it's not going to experience resonant tunneling as a whole, only the part with energy close to the resonant one will pass through. On the other hand, even if the center energy is not at the resonance, some part is going to pass anyway.\nThat means that for the bottom resonances, which have very small broadening, most of the packet will be reflected, that's why I didn't even try to experiment with them.\n(On the diagrams below the oscillatory line is the real part of the wavefunction, the smooth line - the absolute value, the color is the phase).\nThis is what I saw in the simulations, for example:\n$$1) E_0 = \\frac{\\hbar^2 k_0^2}{2m} = 4.270245 ~eV$$\n$$2) E_0 = \\frac{\\hbar^2 k_0^2}{2m} = 5.31959 ~eV$$\n$$3) E_0 = \\frac{\\hbar^2 k_0^2}{2m} = 6.35275 ~eV$$\nThe cases 1 and 2 look almost the same, case 3 is clearly different, as in more of the wavepacket passes through.\n* In general, this makes sense to me, in that some part of the wavepacket passes through, some part doesn't, it depends apparently on the broadening of the resonance peak.\n* However I'm confused about the \"resonant state\" itself - that is, the standing wave between the barriers, that continues to oscillate and \"radiate\" something? What exactly is happening there? How much of \"the particle\" stays there and for how long?\n* And do my boundary conditions correctly describe the probability density inside the simulated region? It seems to me that since I start with a normalized state, then the integral of the probability density at time $t$ describes exactly \"how much of the state\" stays in the region.\nIf anyone would like to know more about the algorithm I'm using, I'll gladly elaborate.", "649" ] ]

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[ [ "Ticket to Ride is another classic board game entertains players for over a decade. The game is set in the early 1900s and tasks players with building railway lines across North America. The game’s components are high-quality and include a large board, a deck of cards, and a set of miniature train pieces in various colors.\nThe gameplay is fairly easy to learn, but difficult to master anyways. Players draw train cards and use them to claim railway routes on the board, earning points for each route completed. Also, players receive “destination tickets” at the beginning of the game that specify two cities they must connect via their rail network. If they succeed in completing the route, they earn bonus points. However, if they fail to complete the route, they lose points at the end of the game.\nOne of the strengths this game is its simplicity. The rules are easy to understand, and the gameplay is straightforward. However, there is still a lot of depth to the game, as players must carefully balance claiming routes with completing their destination tickets.", "937" ], [ "The game can be played with 2-5 players, making it a great option for both small and large groups.\nThe game can also be replayed is also a strong point. Since the layout of the board changes every time the game is played, no two games of Ticket to Ride are exactly the same. Additionally, the game has multiple expansions that add new maps and rule, keeping the game fresh and exciting even after multiple playthroughs.\nA general observation is that the game is aacompetitive board game. Players collect train cards and claim routes to connect cities. It has Simple rules, but strategic depth with Variants available for different regions and player counts. Popular with families and gamers alike.\nOverall, Ticket to Ride is a classic board game that has stood the test of time. Its simple rules make it easy to learn, while its depth and replayability keep players coming back for more. It’s no surprise that the game has won several awards since its release, including the prestigious Spiel des Jahres award. If you’re looking for a fun, family-friendly game that can be enjoyed by players of all skill levels.", "853" ] ]

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[ [ "How to Use a Speed Square | the Basics\nIntroduction: How to Use a Speed Square | the Basics\nIf you've ever spent much time on a construction site or watching YouTube videos on making things, chances are you've seen a speed square. These triangular devices have been used by makers for decades. Originally invented by <PERSON> in 1925, Swanson Speed Squares (affiliate link)have become a household name and it's the square that <PERSON> grew up learning to woodwork as well. If you are new to woodworking it can be daunting to figure out what tools you may or may not need. There is just a ton of information out there. Which is a good thing, but it's a lot to take in. Hopefully, in this blog, we can show you how to use a speed square to its full potential.\nStep 1: The Differences\nHere is the image that pops up when you think of a speed square. This one here is an all-aluminum speed square and what made the household name, <PERSON> and currently holds the copyrighted name of \"speed square\".\nThere are many differences between speed squares, so let's start there. The one on the left is a 20-year-old Swanson, and the one on the right is a newer one that we use daily. They are basically identical but have a few differences like the diamond cut out in the newer one and the scribe lines in the inner triangle. We are going to show you what you can do with these features here, but keep in mind that a lot of squares don't come with said features.\nStep 2: Swanson Speed Square Blue Book\nAnother thing about the Swanson Speed Square is that they all come with the Swanson Speed Square Blue Book. This book gives you a lot of conversions and shows you everything you need on how to use the speed square. In the back of the book, it gives you all the measurements you need for making rafters, you find the length and width of your building and there ya go. This book goes way more into detail than what we are talking about today, just thought this was super interesting.\nStep 3: 12\" Swanson Speed Square\nHere is a larger Swanson speed square at 12\", and this one is made out of a composite material and is their \"speedlite\" model. Even though these are super nice and light and easy to use, ours has chipped and is broken in the middle. Just something to keep in mind.\nStep 4: Empire 12\" Speed Square\nMoving onto another 12\" speed square, this one is all aluminum from Empire.", "428" ], [ "This one large scribe marks designed for using the carpenter pencils, doesn't work so good with a regular pencil or pen. Another thing is on the back, it has a nice common rafter conversion chart with runs and degrees. This one isn't really the best for us, we don't build buildings, so the chart or the larger scribe marks aren't a selling point in our case, but it could totally be for you.\nStep 5: Husky Expandable Speed Square\nThis one is a bit different. This all aluminum speed square from Husky is a bit thicker than most of the squares out there. It's also painted with white lettering which is nice and different, but not to sure about how long the paint will last over time. This one does have nice scribe lines that will work better with a regular pencil or pen. One downside to this one is that it doesn't go the full 7\", it goes to a little over 6\" which you can barely tell because there isn't a 6 on the square. This can be tricky and will show you why later on. The unique thing about this one though, it extends to turn into the full 12\". One thing to keep in mind though is that if you were to drop this on the ground, you might risk bending the extendable part out of square, and then now what's the point. This is super handy though if you are looking into only buying 1, and now you wouldn't have to buy a 7\" and a 12\".\nStep 6: Most Common Use\nThe most common use of a speed square is creating a square line. Simply hold the square against the long edge, you can draw a straight, square line. You can hold the square either from the top or bottom, really just personal preference, we both typically hold it from the top.\nStep 7: Making Multiple Lines\nStill in this position, you can use that inner opening to make multiple marks using the guide there, and then move the square down the board to make another line. This would be a great layout tool for putting a wall stud in place. If you have a top and bottom plate, you can just transfer those lines and that's the reason for the length of a square. Now those plates are going to be identical.", "220" ] ]

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[ [ "Background assumptions\nTo start, using cranes as a metric for roughly the level of sophistication that a steam-punk-era civilization can create, from what I've found, the disassembly process is around the same scale of magnitude as the assembly process. I think this is a good metric for the ratio of assembly to disassembly time on the level as a city as it has some complicated bits of machinery, but is largely just tons of material. Also, the disassembly process of a crane is non-destructive and made for it's pieces to be transported, as, intuitively, the parts of the crane are supposed to be used again elsewhere.\nAs such, perhaps the answer may just be roughly the sum of the time it takes to construct each building in the city (or at least on the same scale of magnitude).\nTime for some estimates\nBefore I begin, clearly this is a very rough estimate with huge assumptions, but I reckon to be pretty close to an actual value within a scale of magnitude or two.\nMathematically, let's use $\\frac{storey}{humans\\times time}$ as our base unit of estimation. The goal is to estimate how many storeys ($S$) there are in each building in a city, then estimate how long it takes to build a storey in man-years $(Myr)$.\nThe Empire State Building was built in about $1.12$ years, took $3000$ workers, and is $103$ storeys tall. Thus, it was made in $\\frac{103S}{3000M \\times 1.12yr}\\approx0.03\\frac{S}{Myr}$. Let's take this value and run with it.\nLet's assume the average residential home has $2S$, and the average 'skyscraper' has $50S$.\nNew York City has about $274$ skyscrapers and $761000$ residential homes.", "934" ], [ "In total there are about $1000000$ buildings. Let's use that data to plot a normal distribution for the amount of homes with $n$ storeys. We find that there is a $0.0274\\%$ chance of a given building having $50S$, and $76.1\\%$ of a given building having $2S$.\nWith some extremely-back-of-the-enveleope calculations and fiddling with normal distribution, I conjecture the average building to have about $2.1S$\nFinal calculation:\nThe dismantling time for a city about the size of New York and a process similar to the precarity of crane-disassembly would be\n$$1000000\\times2.1S\\times\\frac{3000M\\times 1.12yr}{103S}\\approx70000000Myr$$\nSo it would take $1$ person about $70$ million years to dismantle a large city safely and package it all up for transportation,\nor $70$ years for $1$ million people.\nEdit: This doesn't account for parts of the cities that fall outside the scope of that which isn't a part of a \"building\". However, most of such infrastructure has much to do with attached buildings. Regardless, I imagine a \"fully-disassembled\" city would look precisely like spare bits of infrastructure that falls exactly into such building-less category.\nEdit 2: This does assume that a storey for a residential home is as complicated as a storey in the Empire State Building. Taking vica-versa, having one story of a residential home being made by $20$ people in $0.5$ years yeilds $\\approx 0.025\\frac{S}{Myr}$, which is actually less fast than the metric for the Empire State Building. So luckily this hindsight doesn't nearly change my conjecture about the estimate being off by a scale of magnitude or two.\nSources\nhttp://www.centralplainscranes.com/FAQ_Crane_Operations.html\nhttps://www.britannica.com/technology/skyscraper\nhttps://www.cnn.com/2013/07/11/us/empire-state-building-fast-facts/index.html\nhttps://www.visualcapitalist.com/100-tallest-buildings-in-new-york-city/\nhttps://urbanomnibus.net/2016/05/how-many-row-houses-are-there-in-new-york-city/\nhttps://ny.curbed.com/2018/4/23/17271092/manhattan-buildings-data-visualization-taylor-baldwin", "87" ] ]

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[ [ "Is it bad writing or bad story telling if first person narrative contains more information than the narrator knows?\nHere are a few examples of the narrator knowing more than he should.\n(A) In a humourous short story about <PERSON> and <PERSON>, <PERSON> is talking about a situation involving two strangers and <PERSON> suggests referring to them as A & B. When another stranger enters that situation, <PERSON> suggests \"We will call him <PERSON>, sir\" and <PERSON> says, \"<PERSON> is a good name\".\nIt is a pun, \"C, sir\" sounding like \"<PERSON>\", but how could <PERSON> write \"C, sir\" correctly and still use \"<PERSON>\"?\nIt is lazy writing because, it is easy to rectify, with <PERSON> later saying something like \"not <PERSON>, sir, but rather the letter C\". With that minor alteration, everything makes sense.\n[[ This is an example of a minor issue which has no impact on the rest of the story ]]\n(B) In a detective story, a criminal who is a habitual liar talks about a crime involving \"<PERSON>\" and the narrator uses this name throughout the novel but gets no matching record.\nHe assumes the criminal is lying until he checks with alternate spellings like \"<PERSON>\" & \"<PERSON>\" and gets the matching records.\nHere the narrator does not write more than he knows, because he uses the wrong name until the end.\n[[ This is an example of good writing and the story is consistent and logical ]]\n(C) In too many movies, we see cases like the narrator explaining how something happened, but the flashback scenes include scenes where the narrator is not around or cannot know. E.g., \"Hearing a noise, I woke up at 3 AM and was knocked unconscious before I saw anything and the three thieves took all my money and documents. One guy was thin and had a rough voice, another was clumsy and silent, the third was foolish and fat.\"\nWe, the audience, see all this and confirm what the narrator says.", "624" ], [ "But how could the narrator describe the thieves if he had been knocked out before he saw anything?\n(C1) In \"better\" stories or movies, this fact is used to accuse the narrator of staging the crime. (C2) In lazily written movies, the description is used to catch the thieves. It could be rectified if it was claimed that the narrator gained consciousness after a while and thereby heard and saw the thieves.\n[[ C1 is an example of better writing. C2 is an example of lazy or bad or sloppy writing having a major issue which makes the rest of the story inconsistent or illogical ]]\nNow, A and C2 are examples of lazy writing. But is it also bad writing or bad storytelling? Or is it irrelevant because intended readers are okay with it?", "624" ] ]

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[ [ "Is it okay with i mix my cat's medication with honey?\ni've a cat who needs to have a powdered bitter medicine. The vet recommended i mix it with water or small amounts of wet cat food but my cat here foams at his mouth whenever i feed him the medicine with water. When i feed it with tuna he just simply spits it out.", "505" ], [ "This morning my mom mixed his medicine with 2 small drops of honey and made this really thick paste and my cat seemed to like it a lot. Initially i didnt know and i panicked but he seems to do well as for now. Should i be concerned?", "176" ] ]

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[ [ "Calculation of effective action in <PERSON> frame\nI want to do the calculation for the effective action in <PERSON> frame (see <PERSON>'s lecture notes Chapter 7.3), this action in string frame is given by \\begin{align}\\label{exp1} S=\\frac{1}{2 \\kappa_{0}^{2}} \\int d^{26} X \\sqrt{-G} e^{-2 \\Phi}\\left[\\mathcal{R}-\\frac{1}{12} H_{\\mu \\nu \\lambda} H^{\\mu \\nu \\lambda}+4 \\partial_{\\mu} \\Phi \\partial^{\\mu} \\Phi\\right]. \\end{align} With a rescaling of the metric $$\\tilde{G}{\\mu \\nu}(X)=e^{-4 \\bar{\\Phi} /(D-2)} G{\\mu \\nu}(X)$$ where $\\tilde{\\Phi} = \\Phi -\\Phi_0$, this should yield the following expression for the effective action: $$ S_{Einstein}=\\frac{1}{2 \\kappa^{2}} \\int d^{26} X \\sqrt{-\\tilde{G}}\\left(\\tilde{\\mathcal{R}}-\\frac{1}{12} e^{-\\bar{\\Phi} / 3} H_{\\mu \\nu \\lambda} H^{\\mu \\nu \\lambda}-\\frac{1}{6} \\partial_{\\mu} \\tilde{\\Phi} \\partial^{\\mu} \\tilde{\\Phi}\\right), $$ for $D=26$. Due to the change of the metric, the <PERSON> scalar also changes according to $$ \\tilde{\\mathcal{R}}=e^{-2 \\omega}\\left(\\mathcal{R}-2(D-1) \\nabla^{2} \\omega-(D-2)(D-1) \\partial_{\\mu} \\omega \\partial^{\\mu} \\omega\\right).", "818" ], [ "$$ with $\\omega=-\\frac{2 \\tilde{\\Phi}}{D-2}$. Now the introduction of $\\kappa^{2}=\\kappa_{0}^{2} e^{2 \\Phi_{0}}$ and taking into account that the second and third term in square brackets above depend on powers of the inverse metric, gives me the following intermediate result \\begin{align} S=\\frac{1}{2 \\kappa^{2}} \\int d^{D} X \\sqrt{-\\tilde{G}} e^{-2 \\omega} \\left( \\tilde{\\mathcal{R}}e^{2 \\omega} + 2(D-1) e^{2 \\omega} \\nabla^{2} \\omega + (D-2)(D-1) e^{2 \\omega} \\partial_{\\mu} \\omega \\partial^{\\mu} \\omega + \\ \\qquad \\qquad + e^{6 \\omega} \\frac{1}{12} H_{\\mu \\nu \\lambda} H^{\\mu \\nu \\lambda} + 4 e^{2 \\omega} \\partial_{\\mu} \\tilde{\\Phi} \\partial^{\\mu} \\tilde{\\Phi}\\right), \\end{align} where I plugged $$ \\mathcal{R} = e^{2 \\omega}\\tilde{\\mathcal{R}}+ 2(D-1) e^{2 \\omega} \\nabla^{2} \\omega + (D-2)(D-1) e^{2 \\omega}\\partial_{\\mu} \\omega \\partial^{\\mu} \\omega $$ into the expression for the action in string frame.\nMy problem now is that I have no idea how to get the $-\\frac{1}{6} \\partial_{\\mu} \\tilde{\\Phi} \\partial^{\\mu} \\tilde{\\Phi} = -\\frac{4}{D-2} \\partial_{\\mu} \\tilde{\\Phi} \\partial^{\\mu} \\tilde{\\Phi}$ term as stated in the lecture notes. I think the Laplacian term in my intermediate result can be discarded, as it is a boundary term.", "818" ] ]

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[ [ "Comparing algorithms for tridiagonal linear systems solution\nBelow there are two algorithms for solving tridiagonal linear systems of the form $$ \\left[ \\begin{array}{ccccc|c} b_1 & c_1 & & & &d_1\\ a_2 & b_2 & c_2 & & & d_2\\ & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots & & \\vdots\\ & & a_{n-1} & b_{n-1} & c_{n-1} & d_{n-1}\\ & & & a_n & b_n & d_n \\end{array} \\right]. $$ I called them Algorithms A and B.", "490" ], [ "Both of them are equivalent to Gaussian elimination, but with important difference in the form of the resulting triangular (bidiagonal) matrix.\nMy main question is: which one of them is more preferrable?\nAlgorithm A is the one that described in Wikipedia and many textbooks, it is called <PERSON> algorithm and is implemented, for example, in Numerical Recipes in some tricky form. Algorithm B is more straightforward and, in my opinion, is more numerically stable in cases when $|b_i|\\gg|a_i|+|c_i|$ . Though I haven't seen Algorithm B in texbooks, note that exactly this algorithm is implemented in the mentioned Wikipedia article, see \"Implementation in Fortran 90\", while \"Implementation in Matlab\" deals with Algorithm A (\"Implementation in C\" in its current state is a mess that does not seem to work at all).", "768" ] ]

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[ [ "On contemporary art in the Balkans: An interview with <PERSON> · Global Voices\n<PERSON>, Territory, Plostad Makedonija, Skopje, 2009. Copyright the artist.\n<PERSON> is a curator of contemporary art, writer and lecturer at Gray’s School of Art, Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen. He divides his time between Scotland and the Balkans, researching contemporary art in the ex-Yugoslav space, in particular in Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. His book Critical Art in Contemporary Macedonia (2016) is the first in-depth study of the contemporary alternative art scene in Macedonia in English.\nIn his interview with Global Voices, <PERSON> explains his quest as an art researcher and his efforts to connect the different parts of Europe by challenging stereotypes about the Balkan region:\n<PERSON> (FS): How does the “Western” art world perceive the ex-Yugoslav or the wider Balkan art world?\n<PERSON>. Courtesy photo.\n<PERSON> (JB): It’s hard to give a definitive answer to this one. I don’t really think the old binaries of “West” and “East” are helpful anymore, for as the Cold War period recedes into history these binaries mean less and less. Probably a more useful distinction is “the EU” and “the Rest of Europe”.\nThere are small, very dedicated groups of scholars from Scotland, England, France, Germany, Austria and North America who are very active in the ex-Yugoslav region in the field of visual culture. Beyond that, I am afraid there is still a lot of misunderstanding and ignorance generally.\nIn terms of the art world, interest has grown a little in the last few years.", "739" ], [ "I started working intensively on the art history of Yugoslavia, and the post-Yugoslav contemporary art worlds around 2006 simply because I had been challenged by what I had seen, and equally baffled by the almost complete lack of English language material on it. This has begun to shift decisively in the last decade.\nFor example, in the last two to three years, the Tate has established a Russia and Eastern Europe Acquisitions Committee and is beginning to show names like <PERSON> from Bosnia-Herzegovina, and <PERSON> from Croatia, regularly in its permanent displays. MOMA’s extraordinary contemporary show of Yugoslav architecture also shows they are now really paying attention to the region. There are other players like calvert22 in London, and Nottingham Contemporary in the East Midlands, that also continue the long-standing, but rather sporadic UK interest in Yugoslav art which started in the early twentieth century with the work of <PERSON>.\nFS: What challenges do you face as a researcher who is not actually based in the Balkans, and needs the information in English?\n<PERSON>: English language sites like Global Voices, Meta.mk, and Balkanist, as well as independent journalists like <PERSON> on Twitter, are critical to researchers like me in the Balkan region. Only a few international newspapers offered serious coverage of the political and diplomatic personalities involved in the protests and political upheavals in Macedonia from 2015 to 2017.\nOnly in times of extreme crisis, such as the Kosova situation from 1999-2001, are Macedonian affairs covered seriously. I am also convinced that the journalistic coverage in our newspapers was because of increased diplomatic involvement from the US/EU in resolving the political deadlock of 2016 to 2017 and in the focus on the terrible conditions facing many migrant people as they passed through Macedonia, rather than a serious interest in internal Macedonian affairs.\n<PERSON>: What are the main findings of your research in the ex-Yugoslav space?\n<PERSON>: I suppose the big surprise for me when I first started working in the region was how much Yugoslavia still existed culturally at some levels, even if it was long finished politically and legally. Back in the 2000s, there was still some sense of a Yugoslav cultural space: People in Skopje were interested in novels published in Ljubljana and artists in Split and Dubrovnik were interested in hearing about what was going on in Novi Sad. In 2018, I’m afraid that this is no longer so much the case.\nIn Macedonia, as you know, the system for cultural funding and the cultural infrastructure is largely unchanged from Yugoslav times — just it subsists on about one-fiftieth of the money that it did before 1991. In the parts of ex-Yugoslavia still outside the EU, I have the sense that institutions, although they exist, have (with a few exceptions) ceased long ago to fulfill the functions they were established for.\nThe result is that artists have had to establish their own cultural infrastructures and ecosystems in response to the failure of these institutions and try to make work in that way.", "739" ] ]

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[ [ "How to Become Dictator of the World in Five (not so) Easy Steps\nStep 1) Get the right background.\nI'll assume <PERSON> (<PERSON> is more fitting, but is the British equivalent) is an American citizen by birth (I won't go into demographics). He should spend a few years studying governance and politics. Around the age of 30, he should run for office or hold a high position in a company (e.g., CEO). From there, he can build the right political connections as he prepares for...\nStep 2) Become President of the United States (POTUS).\nStarting at the age of 35, an American citizen is eligible to become POTUS. <PERSON> will still be a far cry from controlling the entire world, but he's well on his way. The United States and, more specifically, the POTUS, is considered to be the leader of the free world. Regardless of whether that's true, the U.S. does have significant impact on the world's other countries, which <PERSON> will need for...\nStep 3) Take control of the United Nations.\nThis seems like a daunting task (and it is), but <PERSON>'s position as POTUS gives him an excellent position from which to influence the world's other nations.", "824" ], [ "Small nations always need assistance, and <PERSON> should be ready and willing to apply appropriate resources to local issues, such as disaster relief and other humanitarian pursuits. Help often enough and in the right ways, and <PERSON> can push other nations into line. From here, <PERSON> just needs to deal with...\nStep 4) Silence the dissenters.\nNations like North Korea are unlikely to go along willingly with a single world leader. Now that <PERSON> controls both the United States and the United Nations, he has nearly unlimited ability to remove North Korea from the rest of the world through ultimate sanctions. (China will still be a problem, but <PERSON> can always use leverage against them, through the UN.) Repeat this effort for all opposition until no country is willing to oppose your voice on the world stage. Now <PERSON> just needs to work on...\nStep 5) Enjoy the fruits of your labor.\n<PERSON> only has 4 or 8 years (unless he can get that pesky rule out of the way) to get all this done (this is why Step 1 is critical), but the influence that comes from being POTUS doesn't end when one stops being POTUS. <PERSON> can now retire comfortably, sure of his world reign. All he has to do is weigh in on worldwide elections, attend a few UN meetings, and the like; with his power and influence, a simple nod leads to success...for the world, of course.", "207" ] ]

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[ [ "How to Talk to Girls at Parties\nlisten i know letterboxd dot com is 'your life in film' not 'your life in film posters' but can yall allow me to be a headass and give me a sec to gush about this movie's poster real quick,,, it's Perfect. i teared up when i saw it for the first time. i love coming of age stories.", "958" ], [ "teen flicks are what got me into film and i still love watching them. this poster reminds me of everything i love about this genre. i was ready to give this movie 5 stars the minute i saw this poster but then i actually watched the movie and <PERSON> took my 5 stars and shoved it up my ass. marketing and capitalism stay winning and i remain boo boo the fool", "583" ] ]

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[ [ "Custom Tool Wall Organizer | Router and Drill Station\nIntroduction: Custom Tool Wall Organizer | Router and Drill Station\nwww.howidothingsdiy.com\nIn this video I’ll show you how to make a custom tool wall organizer for your routers, drills and bits. This router and drill station will greatly improve shop organization and improve efficiency.\nI’ll start by creating a layout of all the tools I want in my organizer. Then I’ll mark out where the separators will go. Then I’ll use my table saw to cut the frame pieces. Next I’ll build the frame and cut a rabbet in the back so the backer sits flush. Install the backer panel, then cut and install the separators. Tool holders are needed, so I will cut and install those next. Finally, install the magnetic tool holders and hang the organizer on the wall.\nPleas SUBSCRIBE to my YouTube channel for more great how-to videos!\nSupplies\n1/4\" plywood\n1x4 Pine Boards\n1x6 Pine Boards\nScrews\n<PERSON> nails\nWood Glue\nCA Glue\nStep 1: Layout\nI laid everything out where I want it. For all of my various bits I'm going to use these magnetic strips to make it super easy to grab something when I need it.\nI'm laying out the drills on their side so they stay tighter against the wall.\nI'll put batteries on top and hang the charger on the wall.\nStep 2: Build Frame\nNow I'm going to determine the overall size and build the outer frame.", "493" ], [ "For ease and cost, I’m going to try to keep it all smaller than a piece of ¼” 2x4 handi plank.\nFirst determine where the tools will be and figure out where to put separators.\nThen, measure your layout and cut the frame pieces to size. For the frame I’m using 1x6.\nI’m cutting a rabbet in the back so the ¼” panel sits recessed and allows the frame to sit flush against the wall.\nStep 3: Make & Install Back Panel\nCut the ¼” backer panel to size. I went with a design that uses a frame for strength and then I'll just add a ¼\" backer to tie it all together. Then I’ll add some support strips that will allow me to attach the magnetic bit holders.\nAttach the backer panel to the frame using glue and nails\nStep 4: Install Separators\nNow I separated things out a bit and to added more strength by putting boards in as separators.\nI ripped the separators down to about a 1x5.\nUsing your marks on the backer board, drill guide holes for your screws.\nNow screw the separators in place\nStep 5: Install Tool Holders\nDetermine where the tools will go and make and install some hangers.\nFirst I measured, cut and ripped all of the tool holders to size and then test fit.\nUsing a jigsaw, I cut out slots to hold the drills and routers.\nPlace the tools in the holders and mark the location for each tool holder. Make sure the holders are square before making your marks.\nNow, using your marks, drill guide holes for the screws.\nUse brad nails to secure the holders from the sides and screws in the back.\nStep 6: Install Magnetic Bit Holders\nWith all your bits installed, determine the best spacing for your magnetic bit holders and mark their locations.\nI cut strips of ½” plywood to screw the magnetic strips to. I used CA glue to temporarily hold them in place while I drilled guide holes and then screwed them on from the back.\nThen I drilled holes for the screws and screwed the strips in place.\nStep 7: Hang Organizer on Wall\nFinally, find the wall studs and make a level line on the wall. Now install a strip of wood to support most of the weight of the organizer. Now add 4-6 3” screws with washers to secure the organizer to the wall. Be sure to put these screw near the frame.\nEnjoy a more organized shop and better productivity!", "56" ] ]

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[ [ "First off, let's stay humble. To begin with, let us remember that no one really knows the answer to your question. That is the nature of the scientific method:\n* We observe macro phenomena.\n* We abstract what we see.\n* We think, \"if that is right, then ... is true\".\n* We test the extrapolation empirically.\n* We refine our abstraction depending on the result.\nWe never really know. Revolutions in physics occur when some capable and questioning individual thinks there is a hole in the status quo and proposes a solution. He/she is either proven wrong by experiment or goes on to become a giant, usually post humously.\nWith that in mind, let us remember that the division of the forces into 'strong', 'weak', and 'electrostatic' is an entirely artificial abstraction that has proven to be useful. It is the current 'standard model' and it is just that, a model. There have been other insights which, as yet, have not revolutionized understanding.\nIn particular, there is <PERSON>'s idea of a potential that merges these three forces into a more complex potential. The reasoning is that nature abhors mathematical singularities. Therefore, the electrostatic potential must have a different shape at small radii. Yukawa modelled that idea with a numerator that goes to zero on the inverse radius, but rapidly goes to unity for distances on the order of a nuclear radius. The small radius slope is the 'strong' force, a larger radius transitional slope is the 'weak' force, and the asymptotic slope is the electrostatic inverse square law (the force is the spatial derivative, or slope, of the potential).\nWith that approach, you get a deep but finite well at the center of a nucleon. With this line of thinking, the prime mover of radioactive decay is entirely electrostatic imbalance. <PERSON>'s work was, of course, not quite right, but it remains influential. There are many other functions that exhibit the desirable properties, so perhaps we have a case like that of the historical development of the Bose-Einstein statistics underlying black body radiation, where early attempts to reconcile the 'ultraviolet catastrophe' were close, but not quite right.\nWith regard to the apparent absence of negative charge in the nucleus, it is well to remember that a free neutron will decay into a proton, an electron, and a neutrino wth a half life of about 12 minutes.\nThis suggests that a neutron can be polarized, since in this line of thinking, it is somehow a combination of an electron and a proton.", "70" ], [ "In fact, this has been tested empirically. I remember attending a presentation of the results of such a test about 15 years ago. At that time, the polarizability of a neutron resisted measurement attempts capable of resolving 10 to the -27 meters, indicating the binding force of that particular combination is very 'strong'. Such a test is 'big' science - it is very expensive.\nIf you assume these lines of thinking, then in the nucleus the barriers are lower and a electron that unbinds one proton rapidly rebinds another in the stable case. In the unstable case, there are too many neutrons, so there is some non-negligable chance of a beta emission. In the large nucleus case with not enough neutrons there is some non-negligable chance of a whole block breaking off, typically an alpha emission owing to the great stability of that configuration, but in the context of some energetic disturbance, perhaps a fission.\nThe thinking is that an electron in a neutron can balance more than one nuclear proton owing to the short range shape of the potential.\nFinally, radioactive decay is not limited to large nuclei. Get yourself a copy of the isotope tabulation of the periodic chart and spend a few hours (or days or years) examining the relationships between stability, the neutron drip line and the proton drip line. All of that complexity is empirical data and so must be accepted as fact.\nSome may criticize the speculative non-standard assumptions underlying this line of thinking. I have the giant shoulders of Yukawa to stand on and help squelch some of that. It is necessary to think beyond the status quo. But more necessarily, one must mathematically quantify the qualitative ideas in a way that predicts known empiricism. That is very hard.\nSuch boldness will necessarily lead to errors, but it can lead to greatness. Perhaps you are strong enough to answer your own question in your lifetime and become a legend. I know I am not.\nWhat others here have said is a reiteration of the standard model. What they have said is not wrong, but neither does it really address the crux of your question which is rooted in the raw curiosity and wonder surrounding the unknown and unknowable. Kudos for having the courage to wonder!", "70" ] ]

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[ [ "<PERSON>: The Professional\nLeon turned out to be a mixed bag of \"meh\" for me, which is disappointing because for so long, I had heard so many amazing things.\nThe storyline piqued my interest, the action and kills were a lot of fun, and some scenes were very interestingly shot. But beyond that, I just don't get it. I don't even think the characters or the acting were anything to write home about. <PERSON> left me wanting more after his first few scenes but his over-the-top character overstays his welcome for me by the end.", "577" ], [ "And maybe this sounds crazy but I tend to prefer a little less awkward sexual tension between a 12 year-old and a hit man in my action movies.\nAlthough I found a majority of the movie to be a whole lot cornier than I expected, I'm not made of stone and there was one line that made me a little misty-eyed. \"You've given me a taste for life. I wanna be happy. Sleep in a bed, have roots.\" Me too, <PERSON>. Me too.", "170" ] ]

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[ [ "some random thoughts after seeing last jedi and re-reading foundation trilogy. i think the <PERSON> is somewhat similar to both <PERSON> (who secluded himself in his high tower in the prologue to the original star wars novelization) and the physically deformed telepathic Snoke in the Last Jedi (the mule being described as sticklike in his limbs and 120 lbs stretched out over a five foot eight frame). i actually envison the mule as snoke (who also reminds me of the god in the star trek episode who mourns for <PERSON>, if memory serves), and if i imagine <PERSON> and or <PERSON> being inspired by <PERSON>, and/or star trek, then i can at least appreciate how they may have created <PERSON> character, even if it was ultimately wasted and undeveloped. the other influence i see <PERSON> as having on the last jedi was the concept of the Hyper-Relay in second foundation, a device that allows a ship to be tracked through hyperspace. again, i can at least appreciate the influence <PERSON> had on <PERSON>, even if <PERSON> end result left something to be desired.", "663" ], [ "kinda like how <PERSON> so obviously ripped off the giant iguanas from flash gordon serial one and used them as obi-wans giant iguana creature in episode iii. unlike the ot, i dont think either <PERSON> or <PERSON> did much to improve upon the original concept in either case, but at least there is a pulpy precedent in each of their questionable plot devices.\nand another thing, while we're on the subject of foundation, anyone notice how <PERSON> delierately reimagined <PERSON>'s concepts, giving them a much dsrker turn- e.g. <PERSON>'s personal forcefield shield being great at deflecting laser blasts, while <PERSON>'s were devastatingly explosive when coming in contact with a alser; how <PERSON> laser guns blow clean holes through people instantaneously, while a blast from the las-gun in <PERSON> kills slowly and brutally at the end. i like to think of asimovs i, robot as a logical precursor to <PERSON>'s butlerian jihad. also seem to remember the language spoken or understood by <PERSON> was calaed Old Gallic, while <PERSON> has a language called Galactic...wonder if <PERSON> was referring to a nickname for Galactic, rather than the irish form of gaelic..anyways...just some fun connections i see while rereading <PERSON> and reflecting on <PERSON> this time around.", "167" ] ]

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[ [ "<PERSON>\nDid you hear the one about the international assassin who dressed like a tourist, monologued like a blogger, and used cutesy aliases that could be traced by any amateur sleuth?\nMy dude read a mantra-a-day calendar, bought a book full of dad jokes, and downloaded The Smiths’ Greatest Hits. His neurotic tendencies are interesting on paper, but they’re presented here in such a shallow and pedestrian fashion.\nSure, <PERSON> can direct the hell out of a chase or a fight, but he seems to think himself above simple thrills. So The <PERSON> songs get cut off mid-lyric and the droning narration turns any suspenseful moment into homework. What could have been a satisfying hitman procedural ends up the snarky stepchild of <PERSON> and Killing Them Softly.", "417" ] ]

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[ [ "This is a fun question and has about 4 or 5 different factors at play:\nTypes of forces involved: Pressure vs. Inertia Types of resistance involved: Rigidity vs. Plasticity Objects involved: Soldiers vs. Buildings\nScenario: Damage from a bomb blast (energy wave) vs. shrapnel impact/penetration (kinetic collision).\nHow damage is applied with:\n1. Blast - the PSI of a blast is uniform over the face of it's wave-form (sphere). All material objects are subject to this energy being propagated over their surface and structure.\n2. Shrapnel/Bullet - the kinetic energy (m*V) is imparted during a collision. There is very high relative force at the point of impact, at which point the total energy is propagated throughout the object.\nThe damage of either occurs when the strength of the medium is unable to absorb or deflect the energy, and thus the material bonds are broken.", "621" ], [ "In buildings this results in cracks or holes in lesser cases, or structural collapse in greater ones. For soldiers there are additional physiological factors that relate to perforations of internal organs, or limbs torn off, or the \"fine-red-mist\" scenario in higher energy exchanges.\nIf the tensile strength of a surface is greater than the force of a collision it will be mostly reflected - so buildings hit by shrapnel are much less likely to be damaged as the actual force is relatively low.\nWhile most shrapnel is very small, it travels very fast. It is easily able to penetrate the surface resistance and impart its energy on the structure. At this point we can see that soldiers cannot resist nearly as much total force as a building.\nNow for some figures: A 9mm/.40 cal bullet has about 350 to 400 ft lbs. of energy. This converts to 2.4 - 2.7 PSI, however this is applied over a very small point (probably not even a square inch). At 5 PSI the force is approximately equivalent to .357 magnum, or .45 ACP (standard officer's side arm). You won't be knocking down a building with one of those, yet they do a good job of stopping a soldier.\nWhy does a building not withstand a 5 psi blast then? Find the surface area of the building in square inches (an 8' x 12' wall is 1152 square inches), multiply by 5 and then do the same for the human (approximately 250 square inches).\nOptionally divide the 250 / 1152 and see that the human is absorbing only 20% of the damage. Factor in the reduction due to deformation of the surface (I have no idea what figures would be in play here.), and humans suddenly look like super-men vs. blast damage.", "441" ] ]

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[ [ "Can anyone give some recommendations/experiences on which license to pick for software?\nWhich license you chose will depend on how free you want your code to be, but free means different things to different people.\n* For proponents of permissive licenses, free means allowing people now to use the software however they want to right now, not worrying about how free future derivation are.\n* For proponents of copyleft licenses, free means ensuring that the software and any derivation of it stays free, being prepared to sacrifice some immediate freedoms to ensure that.\nThe more permissive a license is, the more people will be able to use it, but the less control you have over it. The more restrictive it is though, the more likely you are to put people off using your software in the first place.\nThere are a number of free and open source licenses out there, including GPL <=2, GPL 3, LGPL, BSD, Eclipse and so on. There are pro's and cons to each, so read up on what restrictions they place on the code and decide who you want to be able to use it. Warning, whichever you choose someone will complain - this is holy war territory.\nOverall it is a subtle balancing act, and it depends very much on the target audience for your software.\n* A great resource for determining which license is the right license for you is the very comprehensive, interactive license differentiator, from Oxford Universities OSS Watch.\nIn my opinion, both permissive and copyleft licenses are appropriate for scientific code - the important thing is that the code is open source in the first place.", "57" ], [ "I believe that Science should be Open, and so should the code used to support that science.\nWhat are the pros/cons of \"giving away\" all the coded work as open source codes?\nThe idea of giving away your software is that if others find it useful then they will use it.\nIf they use it they will find, report and often fix bugs, saving your effort of doing the same.\nIf they like it and your software does almost what they want, they might enhance your software and contribute those enhancements back.\nThat's a lot of ifs though.\nHow to deal with industrial players which would like to benefit from the research code?\nFirstly, if you want to prohibit commercial use of your code, you can select a license with a no commercial re-use clause.\nSecondly, if you think someone might use your software to power a service, without ever actually distributing the code to anyone else, then you could consider the Affero GPL which plugs that particular copyleft loophole.\nThirdly, you can do the above and offer a dual license option. Offering GPL or AGPL licenses for public download, and commercial licenses for a fee gives you the best of both worlds, and means that you might even be able to generate some revenue from commercial sales of your software which can help support your scientific activities.\nNote, if you are going to do this, offer it from the outset - that is likely to cause less friction from your open source contributors than starting to offer commercial licenses later on. If your community becomes popular, you don't want people accusing you of selling out if you weren't straight about the possibility of commercial exploitation later. Ideally you should set up a suitable Contributor License Agreement (CLA) before you start accepting third party contributions into your codebase.\nThis answer to this question provides some good information on this option too.", "57" ] ]

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[ [ "After chasing it around town, I finally found a copy of the new \"gateway\" addition to the Evolution Game System and the Theme: Evolutionfamily of board games: Evolution: The Beginning, designed by <PERSON> published by NorthStar Game Studio. This game is being released in the U.S. exclusively at the Target chain of department stores and is currently priced at $25. (I've heard rumor that the exclusivity is only through the end of the 2016 calendar year [or possibly until August 2017], but that's far from confirmed fact.)\nMy wife and I have played one game, so this isn't a full review. I'm fairly well versed in Evolution, though. I play the base game and it's two expansions regularly and have worked as demo staff at the North Star Games booth at Essen (and the upcoming Gen Con 2016). While this isn't going to be a full review, I would like to start with a mini-review of what this game is, what purpose it serves in the Evolution Game System, and the major differences in the gameplay between Evolution: The Beginningand Evolution.\nWhat is Evolution: The Beginning?\n(You can safely skip this portion if you're familiar with how Evolution plays. You can find all of the major mechanical differences below in \"What are the differences from the Base Game?\")\nAt the beginning of the game, Evolution: The Beginning casts the players as something like a universal common ancestor of all amniotes in the primal wilds of an Earth-like planet. There's a common watering hole that all of the players send their species down to for food during their turn. The goal of the game is to guide your species through eating the most food and being the most plentiful.\nIt's all fine and good when everyone is eating a measly two food every turn. But this is a game of the survival (and victory) of the fittest, so you're given all the tools that you need to develop traits that feed your growing population more efficiently, find food more easily or store it in their fat stores, prey on other species around the watering hole, and develop defenses against those predators.\nThe player aid is two sided. Side One.\nOn every turn of Evolution: The Beginning, you'll perform 4 steps:\n1) Gather\n2) Adapt\n3) Eat\n4) Score\nFor Gathering, there are three steps.", "697" ], [ "First, you'll add two food tokens from the game's supply (referred to as the Excess Food). Second, you'll grab a card off of the top of the deck and place it in front of you, face down, to represent a new little urweasel or prelizard or protochicken. Third, you draw three cards.\nThe Adapt step is where most of the game's thinking happens. You can perform any number of four different actions as many times and in any order as long as you want to or can. Those four actions are:\n1) Create a New Species: lay a card down in front of you, face down, as a new species\n2) Add Population: lay a card down in front of you, face down, splayed on top of an existing species. Each new card is a +1 to the species total population.\n3) Add Traits: play cards face up onto your species to give them abilities. A species can only ever have three traits at one time and a species cannot have duplicate trait cards.\n4) Remove Traits: you're freely allowed to remove traits from your species at any time during the Adapt step, but most of the time you'll do it to adapt a species to the ecosystem on the table by adding a new Trait that gives your species a needed defense or new strategy for feeding.\nAfter you've used your hand of cards to create and (re)configure your species, it's time to Eat. Eating has two main actions:\nNon-Carnivores: Take food tokens from the Watering Hole and place them in the little circular Food spots on the backs of the stack of cards that represent the species. If there are four cards splayed on top of each other, you'll try to collect four tokens to place on those cards. Once every Food spot on every population card in a species is filled, the species is considered Fed .\nCarnivores: Carnivores are cut off from the salad bar at the Watering Hole. They're stuck catching their dinner on the hoof. All Carnivores must look around the table and identify any species they're able to attack.\n1) Their owner then chooses one to eat.", "403" ] ]

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[ [ "Does gravity cause the Earth's equatorial bulge?\nThe way I understand centrifugal force, I don't see how Earth's daily rotation alone would cause equatorial bulges to form. The usual explanation is that the centrifugal force increases with distance from the rotation axis, and since this distance varies from the poles to the equator, the equator experiences a greater centrifugal force and bulges. My understanding of centrifugal force is a little different. Consider two observers, $1$ who is on a space shuttle in orbit around the Earth, and $2$ who is stationary relative to the distant stars. From $1$'s perspective, it is not the shuttle that is orbiting the Earth, but instead the Earth that is orbiting the shuttle. $2$ sees gravity providing the centripetal acceleration required for the shuttle's orbit in the $1$-to-Earth direction, while $1$ sees a pseudo centrifugal force providing the centripetal acceleration required for the Earth's orbit in the Earth-to-$1$ direction.", "319" ], [ "The two always point in opposite directions (they are 180° out of phase), just like any other pseudo force. If $1$'s orbital radius was bigger (but the angular rate was the same), then $1$ would indeed see a greater centrifugal force, but only to the extent that the Earth's orbit \"balances\" to make up for its increased orbital circumference. The point is that $1$ would not expect the Earth to stretch in any way due to a greater centrifugal force, only for it as a whole to accelerate faster to make up for the fact that they themselves are accelerating faster because their orbital radius is bigger. If we pretend $1$ was a small volume of mass at the equator, then the same argument applies and $1$ should not expect the rest of the Earth to stretch, only to accelerate fast enough to balance its orbit around $1$.\nIf the argument is to make an analogy to the radially-outward force you feel when you are on a spinning amusement park ride (such as Night Mares at Canada's Wonderland), then my understanding is that the force you feel is the force between your feet, which are connected to the ride by friction, and the rest of your body, which is only dragged along by your feet.\nThe only way I can see bulges forming under rotation is by the fact that gravity points towards the Earth's centre, not its axis of rotation. Thus, gravity is not purely perpendicular to the axis, but has a parallel-to-axis component which makes up 0% of the total at the equator and 100% of the total at the poles. Because of the fact that Earth is spinning, it does not compress under its own gravity, but this is only true at the equator; there is no centripetal force at the poles, so the poles compress under gravity, and the excess mass finds its way to the equator and bulges.\nIs this the correct line of reasoning, that gravity along with rotation causes the equatorial bulge?\n(I'm sorry if this makes no sense at all!)", "393" ] ]

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[ [ "<PERSON>\ni do think it’s super cool and fun and awesome when big blockbusters are earnest to a fault and make me cringe a little (which is good!). like man you cannot tell me watching <PERSON> ride <PERSON> penis while she makes him read sanskrit so he can orgasm (while <PERSON> is watching at one point?) didn’t make you giddy.", "577" ], [ "i’m v anti “this doesn’t make sense” culture but also this screenplay does not make sense to ME on multiple levels. the one that truly matters is the fact that this is a character study and i still don’t know who <PERSON> is! he’s so flat! <PERSON> once again said any woman ever can’t cook all they know is scream, neglect their children, be an alcoholic, eat hot chip and LIE! idk. it’s pretty goofy!! fan fiction ass movie… big ROFL", "132" ] ]

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[ [ "This will be a different kind of review for me. I usually write a structured review with sections on components, key rule mechanics, and a game play summary.\nASL, though, is a different creature, and as such requires a different approach. You won’t learn anything about ‘how’ to play ASL here. Hopefully, though, you will catch a glimpse of why so many folks are fanatical supporters of this game – and why I now count myself in that group.\nThis review will be somewhat conversational, sort of “touchy-feely,” since like no game I have ever played, video and role playing games included, ASL makes me feel something. What that something is, I can’t quite put my finger on, though I’ve tried for some months now. I’m hoping that as I write this, I can sort it all out. So this post starts out with a brief story about my path into an ASL addiction.\nIt all started, as most addictions do, with a pusher. In this case, it was BGG’s own <PERSON>. Sure, before I met <PERSON> I had already experimented with the lighter stuff, and even got into some pretty regular use. When <PERSON> and I first started gaming together, he was quite content to play the lighter stuff too, but he kept referring to back to this other mysterious game. When we played CC:E, he said it wasn’t good enough to unseat the reigning champ. When we played Conflict of Heroes, he said the same thing. His attitude was, if a game is not better than what came before, what’s the point?\nWell, for me the point was that, unlike ASL, I could actually comprehend the friggin’ rulebooks of these other games. Still, ASL was there, with an obviously devoted fan base…and I was a bit envious. Those other guys could grok ASL, and I’m a pretty smart guy, shouldn’t I be able to? <PERSON>’s a smart guy too, and he knew it would be better to begin with something simple, something like the games we already played. Something like the starter kits. ASL SK#1 has only twelve pages of rules, after all, and he offered to teach me, so why not try it? And here is where it all began: I bought a copy. SK#1 costs only $20, and by purchasing a copy for myself, I could be a better gaming partner and read the rules ahead of time.", "504" ], [ "Well, anyway, that was all the rationalization I needed to add another game to my collection.\nLearning ASL.\nSo we played... and I was really impressed. I could see the classic, almost old fashioned, heritage of the game. On the surface it employs a basic “I-go-you-go” turn sequence, using hexes and counters and a CRT. Play just one game, though, and you will see it is much more than that. It’s like a classic car. Somehow, it is so unique, and it got it so right, that it’s still beautiful and timeless. The turn structure is fairly complicated with lots of phases, and tons of opportunities for the ‘non active’ played to do stuff. You never feel like your just sitting there waiting for your turn. There is no downtime in ASL.\nThe game develops an amazing narrative too. The small squads of men charging ahead, machine pistols firing; the heavy weapons section carrying their machine guns – I’m glad that the MG’s are separate counters so I could see my men lugging them around. Its great how the guys break and run for cover, completely against orders, when it gets too hot. Then the stalwart leader rouses them, curses them, exhorts them to get back on their feet and back into the fight.\nAnd the game plays great solo. As I played it more and got comfortable, I wanted more - I wanted tanks.\nA Panther counter (top) and sniper marker (bottom)\nSo I picked up ASL SK#3, skipping right over SK#2. This alone should have tipped me off that I was in new territory, for I am an obsessive completist. Skipping a game in series? That was a first.\n<PERSON> and I played a tanks scenario. It was cool, but something of a pain honestly. The SK’s don’t have an index, you see, and finding a rule in the dense verbiage was tough. Plus there was the element of confusion whether a vaguely remembered rule was in the SK or not.", "52" ] ]

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[ [ "Magic MQTT Button for HomeKit (Homebridge)\nIntroduction: Magic MQTT Button for HomeKit (Homebridge)\nThe purpose of this project is to use the low-cost ESP8266 module to create a \"Magic Switch\" that can integrate with various home automation solutions such as Node-red, Home Assistant, Apple HomeKit (using Homebridge), and many more.\nI decided to make use of MQTT as the messaging protocol for the Magic Switch because it is fast and reliable using custom firmware on the ESP8266 module known as Tasmota.\nThe purpose of the switch is to trigger an Automation or Scene in a smart home instance.\nFor this instructable you require a running instance of Homebridge and MQTT. Both these solutions can be easily installed on the low-cost Raspberry pi.\nA good guide on getting started with Homebridge on the Raspberry pi can be found at this wiki or on the official Homebridge website.\nHere is some information on getting started with MQTT on a Raspberry pi:\n* link 1\n* link 2\nLet's get started...\nSupplies\nYou require at minimum the following for this project:\n* ESP8266 and Programmer\n* 3.3V Voltage regulator module (or similar)\n* Project enclosure. Here is the 3D printable enclosure.\n* 11 mm x 9 mm female power adapter\n* Old DC power supply (5V-12V)\n* Membrane ON/OFF switch\n* Running MQTT broker\n* Running Home Automation hub (in this case Homebridge)\nHaving a soldering iron and hot glue will assist you greatly.\nStep 1: Flashing ESP8266 With Tasmota\nWe will be flashing the ESP8266 module with Tasmota in order to connect it to our MQTT broker.\nThere are various resources available to assist you in flashing the ESP8266 with Tasmota.\nA method for flashing the ESP-01 module using a program called Tasmotizer can be found here.\nWhen you finished flashing Tasmota to the ESP-01 module using the provided link, we will continue to configure the module with an appropriate name as well as configuring the module to connect to our MQTT broker.\nStep 2: Configure Module Friendly Name\nWe will give our module a friendly name using the Tasmota interface.\n1. Navigate to the IP Address of your ESP-Module\n2. Click \"Configuration\"\n3. Click \"Configure Other\"\n4. Enter a relevant name in \"Device name\" and in \"Friendly Name 1\"\n5. Click \"Save\"\n6. Wait a few seconds\n7. Navigate back to the main menu\nNext, we will configure the MQTT settings for our module to connect and publish messages to an MQTT topic.\nStep 3: MQTT Setup\nIn this step we will be configuring our module to connect to an MQTT broker\n1. On the main menu of the Tasmota interface, click on \"Configuration\"\n2. Click on \"Configure MQTT\"\n3. Now enter your MQTT broker information\n1. Enter your HOST IP address\n2.", "382" ], [ "Enter your Broker port number\n3. Enter a Client (Friendly name to use for your client, I used \"MagicSwitch\"\n4. Enter your Broker User\n5. Enter your Broker Password\n6. Enter your topic to publish to, I used \"MagicSwitch\"\n* Click \"Save\"\n* Wait a few seconds\n* Navigate to the main menu\nIn the next section we will be testing that our MQTT connection works.\nStep 4: Testing MQTT Configuration\nTo test the MQTT configuration, I use a program for Windows called MQTT-Explorer. Download and install it. If you are using a MAC, you can download the program from the official website.\n1. Open MQTT-Explorer and connect to your MQTT broker\n2. Navigate to the Tasmota interface of the module in a web browser on the same network\n3. Toggle the module by clicking on \"Toggle\"\n4. Monitor the topic you setup in the MQTT configuration step (stat/MagicSwitch/Power)\n5. If all is good you should see it update as you toggle the module\nIn the next step we will be configuring the GPIO inputs and outputs of the ESP-01 Module.\nStep 5: GPIO Configuration\nThe ESP-01 Module has 8 pins. Some of the pins can be set to use as inputs or outputs. For the Magic Switch project, we want one input to connect a button to, and one output for an LED indicator.", "977" ] ]

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[ [ "My reviews intend to highlight the most important elements that determine whether a game is for me. Hopefully this will help you decide if the game is right for you and your gaming group.\nSummary\nGame Length: ~90-120 minutes\nNumber of Players: 3-5, but best with 4 or 5\nContainer is an economic game where the goal is to be the player with the most money at the end of the game. Your money at the end of the game consists of cash on hand plus the value of any eligible* containers that you have managed to ship to your part of the island. Gameplay consists of:\n• Producing and pricing your own containers\n• Purchasing and pricing containers produced by other players for later resale\n• Purchasing containers to load in your ship\n• Auctioning containers once you’ve shipped them to the central island\n• Upgrading your infrastructure (machines and warehouses) which will allow you to produce different colored containers and store a greater number of containers\nThe auction at the island is one of the most interesting aspects of the game, as all bids are made secretly and revealed simultaneously. After the bids are revealed, the seller must decide whether they would like to accept the highest bid made and additionally take the same amount from the bank, or whether they will buy the lot themselves, spending the same amount as the highest bid.\n* I say eligible because all of the containers you have stockpiled in the color in which you have the most containers on the island must be discarded prior to being paid for them at the end of the game.\n1. Distinguishing / Memorable Mechanic\nPhysically moving your ship around, loading and unloading containers. There is something exciting about moving your ship into someone else’s harbor to purchase goods, and later to unload them on the island for profit. Although this is not important at all to the gameplay, it certainly enhances the game’s fun factor.\n2. Long Term Strategy vs. Tactics\nThis is very much a tactical game. Although there is some room for strategy in terms of how you begin to approach carving a niche for yourself in the economy (shipping, producing, etc…), the player that can best adapt to the developing economy created by all the players will be the most successful.\n3. Downtime\nLow. The turns play out quickly and you don’t have to wait too long for your turn to come around again.\n4. Player Interaction / Confrontation\nHigh interaction, and low direct confrontation. The economy is entirely created by the players, which means that it is a very interactive game. Your choices during your turn are largely affected by the choices made by the other players before you. If they have not produced containers, there will be none for you to buy.", "629" ], [ "If they have not loaded their ships with containers to be sold on the island, there will be none for you to purchase at auction. The game is very much dependent upon the actions of the players, and thus will have a completely different feel based upon the choices made. Direct confrontation is low in that you cannot steal someone else’s container nor sabotage their productive capacity. You can certainly hinder another player’s plans through your decisions about what (and how many) colored containers to produce, what prices you bid at auction, what you choose to ship to the island, etc…but these are more indirect methods of confrontation.\n5. Randomness / Luck Factor\nVery little. The only random factor is what colored starting machine you are dealt and what scoring card you receive, which have a fairly minimal impact on the game.\n6. Replayability and Depth\nMedium replayability and medium-high depth. If you are playing this game repeatedly with the same group, I could see the potential for it to get a little stale if no one is willing to pursue different strategies. If you are able to play this game with a wide variety of people I think it would be endlessly replayable as every player brings something new to the table. There is also a lot of depth in terms of predicting and reacting to the actions of the other players and building your own strategy around taking advantage of the developing economy.\n7. Visual Impact on the Table\nHigh. This is a game that will undoubtedly draw in onlookers. Seeing ships get loaded and unloaded with containers and seeing the island pile up with containers is just plain fun.\n8. Suitability for New Gamers\nMedium. The game has a very simple rule set and can be taught quickly. For this reason it has the potential to be an excellent game for a new gamer. However, it can also seem fairly dry and mathy at times, so you should keep that in mind when deciding whether to introduce this game to less experienced gamers. If your players have any interest at all in a game where you play an active role in developing the game’s economy, then I would not hesitate to introduce this to newer gamers.", "629" ] ]

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[ [ "This review is intended primarily for people who are wondering how the new Fantasy Flight version compares to their old Chessex or fan-made set, and for people who want to laugh at an old & angry man's unwillingness inability to recognize & appreciate improvements. (Apparently this is part of a series of reviews complainingthat new editions are not unqualified improvements over old ones.)\nAs the gold standard for comparison, I will use my 5th edition base set. Below, some of the things I complain about may in fact have been introduced in later Chessex editions or expansions. If I don't like something in this edition, and you point out that it's not FFG's fault, we'll just have to agree to disagree.\nComponent quality & cosmetic stuff\nThere are quite a few cosmetic changes which stand out: the miniatures, the bigger boards, the card art. Let's take a closer look in that order.\nMiniatures. Bah! (You can quote me on that.) To quote myself, cruddy components are part of the charm; they let you know the gameplay's what matters.\nThe sculpts themselves are actually pretty nice. And... all right... I guess they are easier to pick up & move around than flat cardboard counters, so in that respect, they're an improvement. Fine. And the bases have tabs on them for holding treasures, so that's neat too. (Although, after a single play, some treasure markers were visibly torn up from getting inserted into the bases.) Also, when a wizard transforms into a werewolf or whatever, the miniature pops off the base and a new one drops in, so that's pretty neat.\n(It looks like the squares are large enough, and the bases on the miniatures small enough, that you can fit all four wizards in one square on those occasions when a gang-stomping is required.", "304" ], [ "Whether they still fit when you add a couple Create Wall markers & four crack markers & two dropped treasures & a Tacks marker, I'm not sure.)\nSo, although I was prepared to dislike them, the miniatures may actually be an improvement.\nThe larger boards. As the above picture shows, the new boards are almost twice as large as the old ones. That's pretty nice. (If you made your own set, the effect is probably less significant; the new boards are 9 1/2\" wide.) One interesting thing is that, rather than being blank for shuffling, the back side of each sector is a second sector with a new, more open layout. (I believe the issue being addressed was that some initial board configurations are not \"fair,\" so the intent was to give shorter runs to enemy treasures.)\n(On that point--yes, you can often look at a starting layout and say, \"he can reach a treasure on his first turn; it's going to take me three or four turns to reach one; therefore, I'm hosed,\" but things change so quickly & easily in this game that it never seemed like a real problem to me. But, the new maps do add some variety, so that's good.)\nSome fan versions have used colored markers to indicate each wizard's home base, so that you know which base is yours even after sectors are relocated, or home bases are swapped, etc. The thousand-or-so tokens included in the FFG version are all for other things, though; instead, they color-coded the boards themselves. This means that the green wizard always uses the sector in the image above as his or her base... and at the start of the game, your color is what gets randomly determined.\nThere are enough people who are \"weird\" about their player color--including, say, individuals who may have been the sinister orange wizard in every game for the last 20 years--that the new approach is clearly an abomination, a perversion, a violation of the laws of nature so shocking & egregious that nothing more needs to be said about it.\nThe card art & graphic design. Here are a couple examples of the changes:\nYeah, they have pictures now. Let's talk about that first.\nThe card art is bad. That is, the illustrations may be fine on their own, but they add nothing to the game, and they take up space on the cards, which causes the part that matters, the text, to get cranked down to an even smaller font size. And there are cards with even more densely-packed text than that Lightning Bolt card! I'm not getting goddamn bifocals so that I can play Wiz-War, you understand?\n(For a second opinion, I turned to a select panel of art historian/Wiz-War fanatic 11-year-olds, and the unanimous verdict was, \"That's not what Powerthrust should look like!\")\nPart of the reason for the pictures on the cards seems to be so that corresponding tokens (thorn bushes, created walls, etc.", "336" ] ]

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[ [ "Entanglement is in the eye of the beholder (4×4 operator, or subsystem division). Yes?\nYes, but that is a pretty useless observation.\nThe formal definition of an entangled state of a bipartite quantum system with state space $\\mathcal H = \\mathcal H_A\\otimes \\mathcal H_B$ is as follows:\n* a separable state is one whose density matrix can be separated as a sum of tensor products of individual density matrices, i.e. if $\\rho\\in \\mathcal B(\\mathcal H)$ is the density matrix of the system, $\\rho$ is separable if and only if there exist density matrices $\\rho_{A,i}\\in \\mathcal B(\\mathcal H_A)$ and $\\rho_{B,i}\\in \\mathcal B(\\mathcal H_B)$ and weights $p_i\\geq 0$ such that $$ \\rho = \\sum_i p_i \\rho_{A,i}\\otimes \\rho_{B,i}. $$\n* an entangled state is any state that is not separable.\nFor clarity, entanglement is an intrinsic property of the state, together with the partition of the state space into tensor factors.\nIf you're willing to re-factorize your total state space into some other tensor-product factorization, then a state that's entangled in the $A$, $B$ bipartite scheme is indeed liable to be seen as separable in some alternative $A'$, $B'$ factorization.\nHowever, if you're able to re-factorize your total state space in such a way, then that tells you that your initial split into parties wasn't very meaningful to begin with. In real-world scenarios, we use entanglement as a relevant concept for bipartite systems where the tensor-product factorization of the state space (i.e.", "976" ], [ "the splitting of the system into the two \"parties\" alluded to in \"bipartite\") is fixed from the context and cannot be changed easily. If you see it used in a context where that's not the case (ahem) then any conclusions drawn from the entanglement are correspondingly weakened.\nOne useful way to see this is by noting that the theory of entanglement is, very often, best thought of as a resource theory. Resource theories are great ways to analyze situations where you have one class of operations which is easy to implement but which might be insufficient to achieve some pre-specified goal. Other good examples are thermodynamics (where the operations are energy-conserving processes, and the resource is entropy) and gaussianity (where the operations are linear optical operations); in entanglement, the class of free operations is that of Local Operations and Classical Communication, generally abbreviated as LOCC, and it is obviously tied strictly to a splitting of the system into parties which can operate 'locally' and which can communicate classically.\nResource theories, of course, are only useful when the resource they describe is actually valuable, and when their restricted operations are in fact hard to implement: just as the study of thermodynamics is pretty useless if you have a magical black box that can inject and remove energy from any part of your system at your command, the study of entanglement is pretty meaningless if you have free access to non-LOCC unitary operations that cut across the A-to-B split.\nThat doesn't mean that you can't talk about entanglement in such a situation, like e.g. the spins of two electrons which are in bound states in the same atom or molecule, but if the re-factorization is physically possible in anything like a reasonable sense, then the conclusions that stem from the presence of the entanglement will be correspondingly trivialized.\nBut more importantly, if you look at real-world usage, it is always of the form\nthis system is entangled with that system.\nUnder your re-factorization, the first part of that sentence to lose its meaning is not \"entangled\", it's \"system\".\n(The answer below addresses a specific interpretation of v6 of the question, which was, frankly, much more interesting than the current version. I'm keeping it around because of that.)\nWhat <PERSON> provides is known as an entanglement witness, and here you do get some amount of \"eye of the beholder\" behaviour.", "28" ] ]

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[ [ "It really depends exactly what your problem is.\nOne possibility is that your chapter outline is just an initial stab at the story and as it has developed in more detail the 'blank' chapters are simply redundant now as what they were intended to cover has been dealt with already or is no longer relevant.\nAlternatively it could be that you have two key scenes or situations planned and you don't know how to get from one to the other perhaps a lot of time passes without much incident or there is a dramatic change of circumstance for a particular character. If you are having trouble getting characters from pone major plot point to another this may be a symptom of some underlying problem with the story or characterization which you need to work out before rather than shoehorning in a linking chapter which doesn't work.\nAnother possibility is issues with pacing, for example you may have planned a particular rhythm to the story which has ended up slipping out of sync with what you have ended up writing. Say you have major events in chapters 5 and 7 and you want to use chapter 6 to separate them. Obviously a crucial consideration here is what your original logic and process was for setting out the chapters as you did in the first place.", "869" ], [ "Is there some underlying concept to this structure which can't easily be changed or was it just a way to get an initial structure down to get you started ?\nI would also suggest that 'thinking of ideas to fill space' is not necessarily a good thing in any kind of art form. Everything which you include should be there to fill some function. For sure there may be particular problems which you need to solve but 'filling space' is rarely a good thing.\nOverall some points to consider are :\n* What are the logical consequences of actions and events in the previous chapter ?\n* Is there any information that the reader needs to be able to make sense of the next chapter ?\n* How does the blank chapter fit in with the rest of the story in terms of pacing and character development. For example an interlude between two very dramatic passages may be an opportunity for something a bit more introspective and atmospheric where characters take stock of events. This can also be an opportunity to have more atmospheric and descriptive passages which add to setting and characterization without slowing down more dramatic sections.", "869" ] ]

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[ [ "This weekend I had a chance to play a prototype version of new <PERSON> game - The Witches, based on the Discworld environment by Sir <PERSON>.\nAt the outset I need to state that I am already a huge fan of <PERSON> and own every one of his novels, mostly hardcover first editions, a lot of them signed by the author. Therefore, I'm always going to be predisposed to anything in the Discworld realm, so when an opportunity to play this game at the Sydney Toy and Game Expo (and to talk to <PERSON>), I leapt at it. Being a fan of co-ops, this game was already likely to tick several boxes for me right from the outset.\nThe Game\nThe Witches is the second in a series of three <PERSON> published under license granted <PERSON>. Discworld: Ankh-Morporkis the first game in the series. A third game is in development, due for publication in 2014, I believe. I had a chance to discuss the third game with <PERSON> directly but it is not my place to divulge any details until <PERSON> is prepared to announce himself. That said the third game definitely maintains the Discworld theme and storyline.\nThe Witches is largely a co-operative game for 1-4 players that plays in around 60 mins. The game can also be played competitively but still requires a degree of co-operation to succeed against the game.\nAimed squarely at the family market, the game is much lighter than Discworld: Ankh-Morporkand has a gentler feel to it. As a gateway game, I can see this being a real winner for the simplicity of design, theme and artwork. Meshing into the massive Discworld sub-culture should guarantee a wide distribution.\nOverview\nPlayers are trainee witches, learning their craft and dealing with local problems in the magically charged land of Lancre. Each of the witches has a unique ability that helps them do their job and the game allows them the develop and compete with each other as they undertake various tasks - enabling them to face greater challenges like the frightening elves and Vampires. Most tasks are completed alone, but a helping hand from other players is often required to keep crises from worsening, making the game harder for everyone. All the humour of the <PERSON> novels is there - healing a sick pig, treating a fevered child, dealing with a pregnancy or with a Death, and meeting to have a cup of tea to support your colleagues resolve shared crises.", "504" ], [ "All the major witch characters are included; <PERSON>, <PERSON> and <PERSON>, as well as a rich supporting cast of familiar faces from the Discworld series, each of whom lend a hand along the way, using Headology (common sense) and Magic (if you can't avoid it). Not knowing the characters or the Discworld setting does not diminish overall game itself because the game is enjoyable to play, but being familiar with those characters adds so much more flavour to the game.\nComponents\nAlthough the board was merely a paper paste-up, the artwork was definitely 100% complete and is utterly gorgeous. The board is a map of the Lancre region, situated in the mountainous terrain of the Ramtops. The main geographic towns and regions are described well and you really get a feel of the countryside. Initially, locating some of the towns and landmarks on the map is difficult due to the detail on board, but once familiar, this is likely to be less of a problem.\nThe cards also use original Discworld art and are lovely. Each card serves multiple purposes as characters, locations, skills and special bonuses.\nDice are solid and straight forward 2-6 with one side having a witches hat symbolising a \"cackle\". Accumulate too many cackles and you progress toward the dark side (becoming a bad witch like <PERSON>), which deducts from your overall score.\nTokens are solid and fairly easy to differentiate and the art fully supports the game play. Green tokens are easier problems and purple are more difficult tasks you need to complete. Crisis tokens (-2 difficulty for a problem) and cackle tokens complete the set.\nSetup\nInitial problems are seeded around the board to start and the problem tokens are placed in a distribution section of the board to accommodate the number of players. These tokens will populate the board with challenges and problems you must complete to win. Green tokens (easier) are face-up, purple tokens (harder) face-down, so you don't know which difficult ones are coming-up. Once all the tokens have been exhausted (after 8 rounds) the game ends and the winner declared.\nThe cards are shuffled and drawn. The location on the card used populate problem locations.\nGame Play\nYour aim will be to collect the most victory points throughout the game.", "755" ] ]

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[ [ "Model Train Speedometer V2\nIntroduction: Model Train Speedometer V2\nUPDATED Software: Now supports speed in Miles per hour (MPH) or Kilometres per hour (KPH)\nThis project started off being based on an Arduino UNO. And it worded ok, I found the software published on the internet. For example https://forum.arduino.cc/t/model-railroad-speedome...\nThis is actually version 2 using a smaller PCB and PIC chip. It works in exactly the same way as V1, except this version now supports MPH and KPH.\nI wanted to make the device smaller, neater and if possible to improve the software. With this version you can program different GUAGE (OO, HO, O, N, Z) using a press switch. You can select pre-set distances between the sensors (30cm, 50cm, 75cm or 100cm). With the 30cm version it's easier to make a \"portable\" version to use on your layout in different locations etc.\nWhy choose a PIC? Well mainly I had some left over from another project! But also they are very cheap by comparison with an Arduino and not too difficult to program.\nMy other main motivation was to produce one of my first PCB designs for many years! I have a kit with all the parts ready to go, or a ready made version. If you want one look on Ebay for \"Model train speedometer\"\nThe PCB has changed very slightly over time, so some of the pictures may not be an exact match.\nSupplies\nYour going to need\nA PCB for the project or strip board to suite. A Gerber file containing the PCB design can be found here along with the other files you need to program the PIC chip.\nhttps://github.com/coopzone-dc/Train-Speedo-V2-fil...\nA PIC 16F18445 (it has been tested on other chips in the same series, they all worked ok. Make sure it's pin compatible with the PCB design if you use a PCB.)\nSome method of programming the PIC chip.", "936" ], [ "I used two methods both work ok.\n1 Was the official SNAP debugger from microchip,\n2 Was an Arduino project, https://github.com/jaromir-sukuba/a-p-prog\n2x Infrared sensor boards (sold mainly as Arduino collision detectors on Ebay).\nLED display, either a re-cycled TM1651 display from a Gotek Drive, many on Ebay - where people have upgraded these devices and have left over displays. Or you can use the 4 digit TM1637 normally sold as 4digit Arduino Display. Only the first 3 digits are used in this project, the 4th remains blank.\nSPDP pcb mounted switch (only required if you want to change the GUAGE/Sensor Distance used to calculate the speed)\nResistor 1k 1/4 watt OPTIONAL, not used yet but for future expansion.\nLED 3mm any colour OPTIONAL, not used yet but for future expansion.\n2.54mm headers, to enable the use of Dupont connectors, you can just solder the wires in place if you prefer.\nA Standard DC 2.1mm x 5.5mm Power Socket\n1n4002 diode.\nLM1117 5.0v regulator, You can use the 3.3v but it will not work with the add-on Hall effect sensors very well.\n2x 100uf - 47uf 25v electrolytic capacitors, exact value not critical.\n3x 100nf 50v ceramic capacitors.\nStep 1: Assemble the Board\n1, Starting with Voltage regulator, this is the only SMD (surface mount device), the good news is it's quite a large device and is a very easy to solder. As with most SMD parts the trick is having three hands, one to hold the part in place, one for the solder and the last for the soldering iron. What you don't have three hands? No problem! I suggest you use either a clothes peg to hold it or just some sticky tape to hold it in place. The photo above is from a slightly different board, but it's the same idea.\n2, Next the resistor R1, it's a normal through hole device, like all the others. Solder in place and trim the leads.\n3, I suggest the LED next. Make sure you get it the right way round. The Short lead (K) goes in the hole furthest away from the resistor.\n4, Next the IN4002, D1, diode. Make sure the K (white line matches the PCB).\n5, Now the capacitors, the 100nf (104) can go either way round.", "611" ] ]

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[ [ "For planets the approximate size of Earth You would find Ice VII, X, or XI. Possibly even liquid water existing as a supercritical fluid.\nThis is a surprisingly hard question, and depends on the radius and mass of the water planet in question. A water planet of Earthlike mass would definitely not have an Earthlike radius, and it's difficult to say exactly what its radius would be precisely because water is so damnably weird with so many different crystalline structures at different temperatures/pressures.\nHave a look (and mind the logarithmic nature of the Y axis, and the moderate range of temperatures covered):\nBy <PERSON> - Own work , CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14939155\nEvery labelled region on that diagram has different structural properties. As a point of reference, pressure at our planet's core is estimated to be in the neighborhood of 330–360 gigapascals. Since Earth is made of much denser stuff than water, we can probably take this a comfortable upper bound on an earth-radius water world's internal pressure. As you can see from the phase diagram, water at this pressure would be Ice X (assuming a moderate temperature, which is a poor assumption at a planet's core, but these are the data I could find), distinguished from Ice I–IX by its novel crystalline structure. In fact, Ice VII, X, and XI are the only ones one this diagram suggests could exist in a planet's core (which would, again, be very hot as well as under great pressure). The boundary between fluid and solid phases of water also goes to higher pressures as temperatures increase. In a particularly hot and small world, you could find plain old liquid water at the core, or more likely water existing as a supercritical fluid.", "815" ], [ "2\nIt is hypothesized that at even greater pressures, well above 1000 gigapascals, water would take on metallic properties. You'd need a truly massive water world for that to occur naturally at its core, however, perhaps approaching the limit of stellar fusion. Jupiter is thought to have internal pressures in excess of 3000 gigapascals, but Jupiter contains some materials significantly denser than experimentally verified phases of water, and is as you know, quite large. In addition, at least one theoretical prediction regarding the metallic phase of ice expects it to occur only at pressures in excess of 5000 gigapascals. (However, those endorsing more moderate theories placing it nearer 1000 gigapascal do indeed expect metallic ice to exist within Jupiter.) This site (http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/water_phase_diagram.html) has extensive information on phases of water, including a more expansive phase-diagram that includes water as a supercritical fluid and the metallic phase of ice, though the latter is only theoretical.\nAs for the possibility of traversing the core, you can pretty much forget it. It's hard to imagine pulling together enough handwavium to help a human body survive pressures on the order of 100 megapascals or above. Even considering an autonomous drone core-explorer, it doesn't look good. For a solid core of exotic Ice VII, X, or XI, as you dig into it the supercritical fluid water above would immediately flow into any hole you dug and freeze into the depth-appropriate phase of ice, arresting your progress. (However, some exotic ices are metastable at temperatures and pressures other than those at which they are created, so if you have need of exotic ices, you might be able to mine them with a handwavium digger.) Even traversing the supercritical fluid would be an interesting engineering challenge, as supercritical fluids are, well, kinda weird. We actually use supercritical water as a means of rapidly oxidizing hazardous wastes 3 that would otherwise persist effectively forever on the scale of our civilization, so good lucking carrying a sacrificial anode strong and large enough to offset that.", "70" ] ]

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[ [ "The Caribbean’s ‘looming’ food security storm suddenly seems more threatening · Global Voices\nAgricultural land for sale in Trinidad and Tobago, 2007. Rising land prices may also be a deterrent to those considering entering the agriculture industry. Photo by <PERSON> on Flickr, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.\nWith the Atlantic hurricane season progressively worsening over the last seven years, the Caribbean region is far too accustomed to the devastation that can — and often does — happen. Yet, there is another storm brewing, one that the World Bank had been monitoring from fairly early on in the COVID-19 pandemic. In a report entitled “Future Foodscapes: Re-imagining Agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean,” it suggested that urgent reforms in the agricultural sector are essential to supporting the region’s recovery from the pandemic, particularly from an economic perspective.\nFood insecurity is rising, both within the region and beyond. Quite apart from the effects of the pandemic, which ushered in job loss and saw usually reliable supply chains disrupted, many Caribbean citizens had already been suffering socio-economically. The annual impact of the hurricane season, which many connect to the deepening climate crisis, has not helped matters, while the conflict in Ukraine has emerged as an additional compromise to global food security, with Russia being accused of cutting off food supply chains as a war tactic.\nA June 15 tweet by the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) discussing the World Bank's findings on regional food security has helped remind people in the region about the urgency of the issue:\nThe World Bank estimates between 80-90% of all food consumed in the region is supplied externally, and only three Caribbean countries (Guyana, Belize and Haiti) produce more than 50% of their own food. – Dr <PERSON> pic.twitter.com/Iqc4weYE8C\n— CDB (@Caribank) June 15, 2022\nThe tweet caught the attention of two regional journalists, <PERSON> and <PERSON>:\nThe definition of a looming storm that is now upon us in the #Caribbean https://t.co/C0N1LTtzXD\n— <PERSON> (@wgibbings) June 15, 2022\nDeeply upsetting. https://t.co/9UQvC4DlCi\n— Soyini (@Soyinification) June 15, 2022\nAs part of the CDB's 52nd Annual Meeting, held in the Turks and Caicos Islands from June 1-16, African Development Bank (AfDB) President <PERSON> noted that food security is integral to Caribbean development: “Food aid cannot feed Africa.", "941" ], [ "Food aid cannot feed the Caribbean. Africa and the Caribbean need seeds in the ground and mechanical harvesters to harvest bountiful food produced locally.”\n“Agriculture is not for poverty reduction. Agriculture is for wealth creation. Agriculture is about food and agribusiness.”\nAfrican Development Bank President @akin_adesina addressing private sector operatives on collaborating for capacity development. #CDBBOG52 pic.twitter.com/XtWoQolixs\n— African Development Bank Group (@AfDB_Group) June 14, 2022\nSeminars and other regional initiatives intended to attract people to the agriculture sector have thus far not made much of a dent in the region's external reliance on food; even countries that produce a decent proportion of their own food are facing challenges. Haiti's unstable sociopolitical situation and resulting economic challenges, for example, cause food security to remain a pressing concern, and in Guyana, some are choosing to skip meals in order to help cope with high food prices.\nInflation is also having a negative impact, with several Caribbean territories suffering monthly food price increases exceeding five percent since March 2021. The fact that many islands import food, both to supply the tourism industry that much of the region is reliant upon, as well as to meet local demand, means that international price increases are passed on. Healthy eating is, therefore, becoming more expensive, creating a vicious circle in terms of poverty, food access and health.\nAccording to the third round of the CARICOM COVID-19 Food Security and Livelihoods Impact Survey, a series done by the Caribbean Community in partnership with the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), 71 percent of respondents complained that food prices were higher than usual. It is now estimated that there are as many as 2.7-2.8 million people — nearly 40 percent of the population — suffering from food insecurity in the English-speaking Caribbean, most of them from low-income households.\nThe surveys, which were conducted in April and June 2020, February 2021, and February 2022, began as an attempt to track the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in the English- and Dutch-speaking Caribbean.", "803" ] ]

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[ [ "Russia: First Woman in Space Turns 75 Years Old · Global Voices\nJust days before the world celebrated International Women's Day last week, <PERSON> – the first woman to enter space – celebrated her 75th birthday.\nAlthough the Space Race had its origins in the years following WWII, when the United States and the Soviet Union began cultivating rocket-based missile technology, it did not officially commence until the Soviet Union launched an artificial satellite called Sputnik in 1957. <PERSON> became the first human to enter space in 1961, when he piloted the ship Vostok 1 (the Russian word for East). A few years later, Vostok 6 was launched and Ms. <PERSON> became the first woman to journey into space.\nEngineering Pathway Blog marked the anniversary of Ms. <PERSON>'s space flight last year, and in doing so highlighted the fact that upon her re-entry into Earth's atmosphere, she had logged more flight time than all of her American counterparts combined:\nToday in History – June 16, 1963, <PERSON> became the first woman in space aboard the Soviet Union’s Vostok 6. At the time, <PERSON> had completed three days in space, more than the flight time of all the American astronauts put together. […]\n<PERSON> has received a number of medals and distinctions, including two Orders of Lenin; recognition as a Hero of the Soviet Union; the United Nation Gold Medal of Peace; the Simba International Women’s Movement Award; and the Joliot-Curie Gold Medal. In 2000, she was named “Greatest Woman Achiever of the Century” award by the International Women of the Year Association.\nWoman of the Week Blog – a publication dedicated to honoring those who have made significant contributions to engineering or science – provided insight into Ms. <PERSON>'s background:\n<PERSON> was born March 6th, 1937 in Bolshoye Maslennikovo in the Yaroslavl Oblast of the Soviet Union. Her father, <PERSON> was a tractor driver, and her mother, <PERSON>, worked in a textile plant. She had a younger brother and an older sister. <PERSON>'s father <PERSON> went missing in action in the Finno-Russian War of 1939-1940, and so <PERSON> and her siblings were raised by their mother.\nDue to World War II, <PERSON> didn't begin attending school until she was 8 years old. At 17 she had to leave school to work at a textile mill in order to help support her family; however, she continued her education through a correspondence course. <PERSON> learned to sky dive through an auxiliary organization of the Soviet Air Force located in her town (Yaroslavl).", "880" ], [ "She made her first jump in 1959 and created a Parachute Club at the textile mill where she worked. […]\nMy Mail.ru user <PERSON> quoted [ru] General Lieutenant <PERSON> as he provided his account of Ms. <PERSON>'s flight:\n“I spoke with <PERSON> a few times. It seemed that she was tired but she didn't want to admit it. […] We looked at the television camera and saw that she was asleep. I woke her up and talked to her about the landing she was going to have to make by hand. [There were difficulties with the orientation of the ship and we were all very worried]. […]”\n<PERSON> then provided commentary about Ms. <PERSON>'s time in space as well as her landing in Russia:\nDespite the nausea and physical discomfort, she completed 48 revolutions around the earth and spent almost 3 days in space. She kept a journal and took photographs of the horizon which were used later to detect aerosol layers in the atmosphere.\nThe Vostok 6 landed safely in the Baevski region of the Altai territory, about 620 kilometers northeast of Karaganda. […]\nMs. <PERSON> herself was then quoted as she discussed what it felt like to see the planet Earth fade into the distance:\n“When I catapulted I thought to myself in silent horror, – which I finally admitted 44 years later – I saw the lake below me and my first thought was, “The lord has sent one woman who will be reclaimed into the water!”\nWoman of the Week Blog elaborated on the physical and mental demands of Ms. <PERSON>'s three days in orbit:\nThe flight was not without difficulty; the orbiter was oriented incorrectly and needed to be corrected, unfortunately it took her a day to convince ground control. <PERSON> became queasy during the flight and became sick. To reduce what ground control perceived as space sickness, <PERSON> was told to stay strapped into her chair for the three day duration of the flight.", "148" ] ]

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[ [ "Automatic Tip Cleaner - ArduCleaner\nIntroduction: Automatic Tip Cleaner - ArduCleaner\nYou can find a soldering iron on the desk of every DIY enthusiast. It's hard to name the number of situations in which it can be useful. I personally use it in all my projects. However, in order to enjoy high-quality soldering for a long time, it is necessary to properly care for the tip. For this purpose, I created the arduCleaner - an automatic tip cleaner, which is designed to smooth the soldering process by keeping the tip clean.\nStep 1: Projecting\nIn the beginning, I started designing the board in Eagle. This device should work in such a way that, after detecting a soldering iron in the device, it will turn on the motor that will drive the brush cleaning the tip. Infrared diodes, LED, LM358, a few resistors, and that's it. Now you need to swap the schematic to pcb project, pcb project to pcb, and pcb to soldered pcb.", "472" ], [ "I ordered the pcb on a great occasion from NEXTPCB, which is one of the most experienced PCB manufacturers in China, has specialized in the PCB and assembly industry for over 15 years.\nStep 2: 3D\n3D design - the most time-consuming part of this project. The first time I dealt with gears. I have also designed rods on which I will put a metal sponge responsible for cleaning the tip, but I will not print it but will create it from an old nail. I cleaned it, marked the cuts and cut it. Then I moved on to 3D printing. After several unsuccessful attempts, the final version was finally made. It took about 24 hours to print the whole thing and the effect is not satisfactory as the parts were detached from the stage.\nStep 3: That Is All!\nI put the electronics board in the designated place for it, soldered the charging socket and infrared diodes. This is what the arduCleaner looks like after the housing is put on. Now you can put a dirty soldering tip in it for a second to continue enjoying high-quality soldering.\nMy Youtube: YouTube\nMy Facebook: Facebook\nMy Instagram: Instagram\nOrder your own PCB: NEXTPCB", "472" ] ]

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[ [ "Japan: The Trouble with ‘Free’ Money · Global Voices\nAs part of an economic stimulus package, the Japanese government is spending two trillion JPY for cash handouts to boost consumer spending. To put it simply, all Japanese citizens and those registered as residents all Japanese citizens in the Basic Resident Register and those registered in the Foreign Resident Register will receive 12,000 JPY, or 20,000 JPY for those under 18 or over 65, once they've lodged their application forms.\nLocal municipalities are in charge of the administration, an unwelcome increase in workload that coincides with the change of the fiscal year. As of mid-April, around half of the municipalities have sent out application forms to their residents. Soka City in Saitama Prefecture and Obu City in Aichi Prefecture offer English translations of the program overview.\nby flickr user alleN, used with permission\nBringing to mind a similar program conducted in 1999 that is now commonly regarded as a failure, the program is highly unpopular with the public, mainly because the actual economic effect is unclear.", "925" ], [ "The government expects an increase in real consumption expenditure by 0.2%, but there seems to be no clear consensus on how much of the two trillion yen will actually go to new spending. Predictions range from 20% to 60% and everything in between.\nFor the past couple of months, polls have shown that many Japanese view the program as a clumsy and condescending ploy to gain ratings by the Aso Cabinet.\nAt <PERSON>'s blog — whose post on the subprime problem was recognized at 2008 Alpha Blogger Awards– the two ASCII characters <PERSON> and <PERSON>, talking about the government's initiative, say:\nそんなの決まってるお！選挙のために大した効果もないのに2兆円もバラまいて支持率を上げようとしてるんだお！\nなるほど。予想通りの解答だな… じゃあ聞くが、国民の半分以上が評価していない定額給付金を実施して 本当に支持率は上がると思うか\n<PERSON>: Isn't it obvious? Prime Minister <PERSON> is trying to raise his approval ratings for elections by distributing two trillion yen, even though the economic impact is trivial!\n<PERSON>: That's what I thought you'd say. Let me ask this, do you really think that his approval ratings will increase with the execution of a program which more than half of the Japanese are against?\nCoupled with other factors however, including highway toll discounts, it just might be working. Recently, Asahi Shimbun has reported that Prime Minister <PERSON>'s approval ratings have risen 4% to 26% since March.\nBlogger tetsu makes a pun on Teigaku kyufu kin(定額給付金), which literally translates as ‘handouts of a fixed amount’.\n本来なら「低額還付金」とか命名するべき。最も正確には「無駄に取り過ぎてた税金を、支持率が２割切った与党が苦し紛れに現金をばら撒こうって思いついた稀代の愚策金」だな。\nくれぐれも間違えないように。定額給付金は“もらう”んじゃないよ～。“ちょっぴり返してもらう”だけだよ～。\nTeigaku kyufu kin(定額給付金) should be called teigaku kanpu kin (低額還付金) – ‘return of a small amount’ or more accurately, ‘a desperate attempt at using excess taxes to hand out cash by a ruling party whose approval rates are under 20%’.\nMake no mistake!", "925" ] ]

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[ [ "Meteors are rock debris that fall from bodies in space to earth. The source of these debris are the collision of the heavenly bodies in space thus leaving these debris behind which in turn might find their way to earth. Did you know that they contain different bacteria which they carry with them as they traverse space? There has been controversy on whether these bacteria may survive the journey to earth given the harsh conditions that they will be exposed to. Do they burn when the meteors hits the atmosphere where it is ignited due to the friction it causes with air thus heating up?\nThe objects in space ae exposed to different harsh conditions which is also metered to the bacteria that these objects carry with them. These conditions include the lack of oxygen which is the case in space. Additionally, they are exposed to either too low temperatures or too much heat. There is low gravity in space which also affects them.", "513" ], [ "Biologically speaking, these bacteria must develop survival mechanisms to make sure that they are able to survive in these conditions, right? Evolution takes place thus enabling them to withstand high temperatures that is the case when they roam near the sun in space. Therefore, these survival strategy makes it possible for the bacteria in meteors to survive the journey thus reaching earth unburnt. Did you know that when the meteor ignites, it does not burn to ashes but rather a part of it survives till it hits the earth surface? These part that usually reaches earth is known to carry bacteria along with it that survives the fire. This is possible from the fact the meteor undergoes heat removing processes thus making it cold for a very long time. Since rocks are bad conductors of heat, only the outer part gets hot during ignition and thus bacteria on the inside part may get to earth without being destructed by the heat.\nI am sure that you have heard of meteors that have reached earth’s surface, and has been studied to find out more information about them. Consequently, scientists have confirmed the presence of bacteria that carries DNA information with them. These information have been helpful in learning biological materials that are way outside the reach of humans in earth.", "208" ] ]

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[ [ "\"I'm starting to think that wasn't his daughter\", or how I got a tradie busted for the Bad Kind of kid stuff\nI work in a center that does hotels accommodations for Government or Gov. Contract stuff in North America. Think about where the folks who work inter-state buses, trains, and the like are gonna stay each night.\nThis particular caller was a hotel, wanting to make changes to a room charge. Not common, but not super unusual. Room damages, or maybe one of us just made a typo on the cost code... Pretty standard, super easy to fix.\nHotel Manager is a little peeved, because while we do have a contracted rate with the property per night, it's done by the number of heads in the room. One guy costs X, two guys costs Y- So it goes. Turns out this One Lone Driver stayed his allotted 48 hours in a room, but had his..", "245" ], [ "erm.. 'daughter' with him.Manager says the girl was somewhere between a mature 12 and an immature 15, and her 'father' checked out this morning... Without his 'daughter'.\nThe 'daughter' loitered in the hotel foyer for a solid half hour before leaving in the car of some other bloke well after the tradie had gone on his way.\nAny of you fine folks seeing the red flags I'm seeing with this?\nI immediately pull my supervisor, who pulls his supervisor, and HER supervisor into this situation.\n[Edited to add: It occurs to me after the fact to add; here is where I no longer have the call, my boss and his boss/bosses do. Everything following is what I found out from them and curious poking around]\nContact local police to try and get them looped in, contact the tradie's manager to see if we can get more info on other stays in the route and the fellows family situation (Hey, could be the dudes ex and daughter live in that area, best to make sure, right?).\nAs far as we know for sure, Old Boy brought a local minor to his hotel room for the night. Police intercepted him en route to his next stay. Definitely got fired. As for legal action, I know the transcript and recording from that call are gone from my access, so I'm assuming there's something happening there. As there should be.\nAs there F*CKING should be!", "536" ] ]

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[ [ "Beach in a Bottle\nIntroduction: Beach in a Bottle\nHi All,\nIn this instructable, I will share how to make a simple beach in a bottle using recycled items.\nPlease share your comments and suggestions\nStep 1: What Do We Need?\n* An old chutney glass jar, with a wider mouth\n* Cardboard for delivery boxes\n* Popsicle sticks from an ice cream stick\n* Green Crape paper\n* Epoxy Resin\n* Dried Blue Poster color\n* PVA glue / fevicol\n* Sand\n* Air Dry Clay\n* Shells\nStep 2: Planning\n* Before we start, we need to visualize/plan\n* We need to decide how we want the beach to look like\n* How steep the beach shore will be\n* Where we want to place the house, size of the house\n* Size and number of trees\nStep 3: Beach\n* We need 4 oval-shaped cardboard\n* These are stuck together to make a beach slope\n* Using PVA glues, stick fine sand, as shown\n* Let it dry for 2 hours\n* Now inspect for holes and stick more sand\n* Let is dry for a day\nStep 4: House and Shells\n* The small shells were part of the sand, I just had to filter them out\n* I choose smaller shells to be used\n* Made a small house using popsicle sticks\n* Stick the shells using glue on the beach\n* House will be stuck later\nStep 5: Trees\n* I used airdry clay to make the tree trunks and paint them brown\n* Leaves are made using crepe paper and stuck together using PVA glue\n* We need 2 trees\nStep 6: Assembly\n* Glue the beach in the bottle\n* And fill any gaps with a paste of glue and sand as shown\n* Let this dry for few days\n* Stick the shells, trees, and the house\n* Let it dry\nStep 7: Epoxy\n* For simulating the sea, we will use Epoxy/resin\n* Caution: Use proper safety while using epoxy/resin\n* I mixed about 16 gms of epoxy ( 12 gms of epoxy + 4 gms of hardner)\n* Added pigment from dried poster color (blue)\n* Pour it in the bottle and leave it for 24 hrs\nStep 8: Finishing Touches\n* After 24 hrs the resin should be completely solid\n* I added a boat that I made from air-dry clay\n* And some waves using white acrylic colors\nWe are done and our new recycled Beach in a bottle is ready", "74" ] ]

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[ [ "making sense of measures in electronics\nI am in secondary school in the UK, and at this point in physics the information we are given is very vague at a fundamental level. My main concern is with electricity and circuits, and the measures involved: current, potential difference, charge and resistance, and specifically I want to know exactly what they are measures of.\nFrom the equation sheets that we are given, and a bit of intuition, I can get some of the way. Firstly, I know that electrons have a constant charge of -1, so I would assume that charge is a measure of the amount of electrons. We are given that $I={Q\\over t}$, so I can see that current is a measure of charge in a given time, or essentially the number of electrons that flow through in a given time (I guess the flow rate of electrons).\nThen, we are told that $P=IV$, and $P={E\\over t}$, so I can work out that $E=tIV=QV$ so $V={E\\over Q}$.", "850" ], [ "This appears to me to mean that potential difference is a measure of the amount of energy in each electron, but given the measure's name and how a voltmeter is used I think it is actually the amount that this energy per electron changes through components, or the difference between one end and the other.\nFinally, there is resistance, given by $R={V\\over I}$. To me, resistance means the amount that a wire resists against electrons passing, but its measure seems to be the change in energy per electron per flow rate of electrons, and in my mind this makes little sense.\nThe method of calculating resistance seems to make sense - if there is large resistance against electrons, then the current will be small, and low resistance allows more electrons to flow through, so the current is big (hence inverse proportionality between them). I think I understand the potential difference part - if resistance is small, then electrons collide with less atoms, so less energy is lost, so potential difference is low. If resistance is large, electrons are colliding with more atoms, so more energy is lost, so potential difference is large (hence direct proportionality).\nThe only part I don't understand is precisely what 'change in energy per electron per flow rate of electrons' means, because there's too much division for me to make much sense of it. Also, I would like to know if the way I am thinking of these measures is correct, because although it all seems to make sense in my mind, this is just what I have worked out from equations I have been given.\nFinally, I know that my terminology is not very scientific, its just what lets me make sense of it.", "780" ] ]

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[ [ "Here is an estimate that says at the core of M32 it would be like twilight, but in the Milky way it would be just bright enough to read by. Let's\nIt really depends on how close you are to the galactic core though since there are 10 million stars within 1 parsec of the core (7.5 million per cubic parsec), and 100 parsecs away it is just 100 per cubic parsec.\nLet's use the value 100 parsecs away from the galactic center since the area is large and the density is similar for many parsecs and do some napkin calculations and stellar counts. I'll ignore things like how bright the stars are, how much mass they have, and how much dust there is. It seems like stars near the galactic center tend to be larger and hotter and there is population of giant stars created some millions of years ago in a burst of stellar generation. Things like that could really throw off the calculations since giant stars can be much more luminous than our sun. Such as Deneb which is one of the brightest stars in our sky though it's one of the furthest stars visible to the unaided eye at around 2600 light-years away.\nIf I just use the volume and 100 stars per cubic parsec, and I take the formula for the volume for a sphere: $v=\\frac{4}{3}\\pi r^3$, we can reverse it to get the radius enclosed by a sphere with the given volume: $r^3=\\frac{3}{4}v/\\pi$ and $r=\\sqrt[3]{\\frac{3}{4}v/\\pi}$. Taking the 100 stars per cubic parsec and plugging in 100 for $v$ I get .6203505 parsecs for a radius of a sphere with a volume of 1 cubic parsec.\nSo I'll use volume as the driver since the stat we get is 100 stars per cubic parsec. That gives a volume of 0.01 cubic parsec for each star. I'll take the maximum distance for a volume, for example 0.01 cubic parsecs gives a volume with a radius of .13365 parsecs or 27567 AU.", "24" ], [ "There should be a star within that distance, let's assume the max distance of any volume we're checking based on the radius increased for each star added. Assuming the stars are all the same as the sun, that star would give your rogue planet as much energy as $\\frac{1}{27567^2}$ the energy that the Earth receives from the sun, a little over 1 billionth. Plugging in 0.02 cubic parsecs gives us a distance of <PHONE_NUMBER> parsecs or 34732, so that star would contribute $\\frac{1}{34732^2}$ that of the sun to the Earth. At 1 parsec that gives us about 500 stars and the total radiance ends up being about 15 billionths that of the sun. Converting that to $\\frac{w}{m^2}$ that gives $2.04 e^-5 )\\frac{w}{m^2}$.\nComparing to values in this paper, that's ten times as bright as all the stars and planets in our night sky, but sill only 1/100th the brightness of a full moon.\nHowever, this is the density 100 parsecs from the galactic center stars get exponentially denser until near the actual fore there can be 10 million stars within one parsec. Looking at our distance however the luminosity keeps increasing as we take into account more stars, but since each one gets progressively fainter, the total brightness doesn't increase exponentially.\nI wrote a little JS script to figure it out. This page says the sun could be visible 58 light years (17.86 parsecs) away. If I just look at that volume, there would be 2.38 million stars visible to the naked eye at night. Most of them would be just at the edge of vision though. Some relevant brightness counts:\n* 2 stars brighter than venus to us\n* 80 stars brighter than Sirius, the brightest star in our sky (next to the sun)\n* 215 stars brighter than Canopis (2nd brightest star)\n* 1331 stars brighter than Betelgeuse\n* 18899 stars brighter than the 92nd brightest star in our sky\n* 37854 stars naked eye visible in an urban area (~6 times visible in clear dark sky on Earth)\n* 599599 stars visible to most people (100x the stars in our sky)\n* 2.38m stars visible to people with excellent night vision\nThe sky would be absolutely magnificent.", "921" ] ]

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[ [ "Make Your Very Own Woolen Chick! 🐤\nIntroduction: Make Your Very Own Woolen Chick! 🐤\nHey there and welcome to my Instructable!\nWe all love chicks: they are probably the cutest baby birds of them all! Just by seeing one, they make you feel happy (...and let you know that you are in the spring season!).\nToday, I will be showing you how to make a cute and amazing little woolen chick. You could make this for easter decoration, or something along those lines. Either way, I will try to show you every single step to follow, and if you need to, you can watch my YouTube video for more information.\nStep 1: Gather Your Supplies\n* Wool (yellow and red/orange)\n* Scissors\n* Hot glue gun (and glue sticks)\n* Two dark blue/black spherical beads\nStep 2: Let's Make the Body\nTo make the body, get your yellow yarn and wrap it around your fingers 120 times. When done, cut the strand. Now get another strand of your yellow wool and wrap it around the ball, then tie it.", "286" ], [ "Now cut the sides of your ball to open it up, forming a pom-pom. Then, clean your pom-pom up by cutting the edge strands.\nStep 3: Let's Make the Head\nRepeat the same process to do the head but only wrap the yarn around your finger 100 times because the head is smaller than the body.\nStep 4: Glue the Head and the Body Together!\nUse hot-glue to connect the body and the head together.\nStep 5: Let's Make the Feet\nTo make the feet, take your red yarn and cut 5 strands of the same length, make a weave, do three of these then tie the three together and cut to size depending on the size of your chick. Make 2 feet, once done, glue them onto the body of your chick with your hot-glue.\nStep 6: Let's Make the Beak and the Eyes!\nTo make the beak, using your red yarn, cut 5 strands of the same length then double it in the middle and do knots. Repeat knots several times depending on the size of your chick. Cut the end and glue it onto the face then for the eyes, take two blue pearls and glue them onto the face and your chick is complete!", "879" ] ]

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[ [ "The answer to this question is generally not a simple one.\nThe specific Q entity portrayed by <PERSON> has made references to the true nature of the Q and their existence starting from his first appearance in the TNG episode \"Encounter at FarPoint\"; that the human mind is not capable of comprehending the true nature of much of the universe (the crew's confusion about the nature of the events supports the theory).\nIn fact, every time Q appears something happens that is well beyond human comprehension and in one occasion the TNG crew find themselves in Sherwood Forest.\nIn the episode \"Deja Q\" <PERSON> character has been stripped of most of his abilities by the other Q and is struggling to understand what the beings he has been \"tormenting\" are actually capable of. He says to \"change the gravitational constant of the Universe\" as a solution to a problem because altering the universe, and all of the subspace and technology within it, is something that would otherwise have been trivial for a Q. Changing the universal constant, however, is well beyond anything Star Fleet and their understanding subspace can achieve so they attempt to change the moon's gravitational constant instead (Note that the Federation often alters the mass, inertial and gravitational characteristics by pushing the ship and its contents into a subspace state).\nIn VOY episodes such as \"The Q and the Grey\", the Voyager crew end up visiting the continuum and it is explained that the reason the continuum seems to be a re-enactment of the American Civil War (with Voyager nowhere to be seen) is that their human minds are not capable of understanding what is really going on so it merely appears in simplified terms (usually something out of Earth history).", "837" ], [ "By contrast subspace is depicted as a region through which space ships and other objects can travel (not wooded or desolate land in the limited human understanding). Further it is also referenced that the Civil War style weaponry that everyone is firing at each other are actually disrupting normal space and causing supernovae all over the place that are actually apertures into the continuum and that Voyager can only enter by flying through the Supernova that occurred in the aftermath (likely what the shield was needed for). I believe <PERSON> makes a reference that they should go nowhere near the actual business end of the weapons considering what it would do to a human if it can actually make him seem to \"bleed\".\nWhat the writers seem to be getting at here is an that there are a very limited number of effects that can actually be visually produced by any character (either in universe or by the show's special effects crew); whatever coincidence there are in appearances the Q are NOT using any method or concept known to the Federation nor is the continuum anywhere that the Federation would be able to name. The Q ARE however often seen appearing on ships within subspace (Deja Q, The Q and the Grey and several others) and capable of using subspace techniques and technologies to do what they desire should they so choose.", "963" ] ]

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[ [ "$\\qquad\\qquad\\qquad\\qquad\\qquad\\qquad\\qquad$ Is $~\\pi^2\\approx g~$ a coincidence ?\nSome have answered yes, others said no, and yet others considered both $(!)$ as perfectly viable options. Personally, I cannot help but chuckle, as this question reminds me of <PERSON>’s famous disc, which can be said to be both white and colored at the same time, depending on whether it is either rotating, or at rest. To add even more to the already mystifying fog of confusion, I shall hereby venture yet a fourth opinion :\n$\\qquad\\qquad\\qquad\\qquad\\qquad\\quad$ We don’t know, and we never shall !\nGranted, such a statement, when taken at face value, would undoubtedly appear as an impious affront to <PERSON>’s celebrated adage, <PERSON>, <PERSON>, but before anyone accuses me of embracing either philosophical pessimism or epistemological agnosticism, let me assure you, dear reader, that such is simply not the case; rather, I am basing this short assertion purely on mathematical foundations.", "346" ], [ "Basically, there are four main ways in which a measuring unit can be created, that is both practical or anthropocentric, as well as universally meaningful, at the same time $($not to mention reproducible$)$ :\n* the length of the pendulum with a half-period of exactly one second, since the length of a pendulum with a half-period of one minute will be exceedingly long;\n* the ten-millionth, the hundred-millionth, or even the billionth part of either a terrestrial meridian, or the Earth’s equator, since the other two adjacent options, i.e., the millionth and the ten-billionth part, would be either way too big, or way too small;\n* the distance traveled by light in the hundred-millionth, the billionth, or even the ten- billionth part of a second; again, the other two adjacent options i.e., the ten-millionth and the hundred-billionth part, would be either way too long, or way too short;\n* the length of a so-called third $($ i.e., the sixtieth part of a second $)$ of the Earth’s meridian or equator.\nOf course, someone might, at this point, easily be tempted to say that I have committed a hideous and unpardonable abuse by painstakingly enumerating all those powers of ten listed above, since the metric system, as we have it today, is coincidentally decimal, but such would not necessarily have been the case, given an alternate course of human history $($thus, for instance, if one were to take the distance traveled by light in $10^{-9}$ seconds, such a length could easily have been interpreted as representing a “new foot”, to be further subdivided into $12$ “new inches”, ultimately yielding a “new yard” of $0.9$ metres$)$.\nNow, the shocking surprise, which astounded many at the time of its first discovery, and still does so even today, is as follows : the ratio of the first three units is $1:4:3$, almost exactly, the sheer “niceness” of the numbers involved being utterly uncanny, to say the very least. $($Spooky, thought-provoking, challenging, bewildering, and mesmerizing also come to mind$)$. Adding insult to injury, as the proverb goes, we also notice that twice the value of the latter unit, representing the $3~600^\\text{th}$ part of a nautical mile, equals $103$ centimetres, with an error of less than $\\pm1$ millimetre; speak- ing of which, the thousandth part of a nautical mile is also conspicuously close to the length of a fathom, measuring the distance between the fingertips of a man’s outstretched arms.\nFurthermore, even if one were quite purposefully to go out of one’s way, and intentionally try to avoid the two coincidences above, by $($repeatedly$)$ dividing, based purely on number-theoretical principles, the aforementioned non-metric unit into, say, sevenths, $($since the powers of all other previous primes already appear abundantly in its sexagesimal creation$)$, one would arrive at the eerie conclusion that it adds up to $5.4$ metres, with an error of less than half a millimetre.\nAs an aside, as $($even further$)$ coincidence would have it, my own personal fathom is $1.", "840" ] ]

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[ [ "Brainwaves Fly a Drone\nIntroduction: Brainwaves Fly a Drone\nDrones are fun to fly, and it’s possible to do limited flying using brainwaves. The headset senses my brainwaves and transmits them to a small computer. When I increase my attention level, the computer converts the signals and passes them to the drone’s controller, which I have connected to the computer. When I relax my mind, the drone lands.\nThe headset is a NeuroSky MindWave Mobile 2, the computer is an Arduino Uno microcontroller, and the Bluetooth module is an HC-05.\nFor some reason (?) the YouTube video will not embed into this instructable. Here is the link:\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bp1CeDSWQAg\nThere are 6 main steps in this project:\n1. Wire the HC-05 to the Arduino.\n2. Configure the HC-05 and pair it with the MindWave.\n3. Connect the servo to the drone's controller.\n4. Wire the Arduino.\n5. The Arduino Sketch (The Code)\n6. Upload the Arduino sketch and use it.\nIf you’re not familiar with these devices, the following links may be useful:\nGetting started with Arduino: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide\nhttps://www.instructables.com/A-Beginners-Guide-to-Arduino/\nOnline Arduino class: https://www.instructables.com/Arduino-Class/\nNeuroSky’s website: https://store.neurosky.com/pages/mindwave\nhttp://developer.neurosky.com/docs/doku.php?id=start\nDifferences between the 4 models of MindWave: http://support.neurosky.com/kb/mindwave-mobile-2/whats-the-difference-between-mwm2-mwm-and-original-mwm\nNeuroSky’s Arduino project (it uses a BlueSMiRF Blluetooth module instead of the HC-05 I used. The sample code (which runs on an Arduino) should work okay regardless of the type of Bluetooth module.):\nhttp://developer.neurosky.com/docs/doku.php?id=mindwave_mobile_and_arduino\nSupplies\nPARTS for the electronics:\n1. NeuroSky MindWave Mobile 2 headset and 1 AAA battery\n2. A computer (I used an Apple iMac)\n3. Arduino Uno or another model and its USB cable\n4. HC-05 Bluetooth module\n5. Servo motor (I used a Solarbotics HXT900 Micro Servo)\n6. Breadboard and breadboard wires\n7.", "939" ], [ "Green LED and yellow LED\n8. 2 x 330 ohm resistors\n9. 2 x 1K ohm resistors\n10. 2 x 2K ohm resistors\n11. 10K ohm potentiometer\n12. Power source, about 5 volts, such as 3 AA batteries in a holder\nPARTS for the servo connection to the drone’s controller:\n1. 2 elastics\n2. a few toothpicks\n3. small piece of thin cardboard\n4. scissors\n5. glue\n6. tape\nStep 1: Wire the HC-05 to the Arduino\nA few websites describe how to set up an HC-05 Bluetooth module for the NeuroSky MindWave, but none of the methods worked for me. Maybe the reason was that my HC-05 has a newer version of firmware? Or my MindWave is a newer model? Anyway, I researched other Internet websites for info about configuring and pairing an HC-05, and eventually figured out how to do it.\nPhotos of the front and back of an HC-05 are shown.\nPlug the HC-05 into the breadboard and connect it to the Arduino as described below and shown in the photo.\n1. HC-05‘s RXD to pin 11 via a voltage divider made from 2 resistors,\n2. TXD to pin 10,\n3. GND to GND,\n4. EN to pin 9 via a voltage divider made from 2 resistors.\n5. Do not connect HC-05’s VCC yet.\nThe reason for using voltage dividers is that HC-05‘s RXD and EN tend to die after getting 5 volts for some time, and the voltage should be reduced to 3.3 volts. The voltage divider consists of a 1K ohm resistor with one end connected to Arduino’s 5 volts and the other end to a 2K ohm resistor with its other end connected to GND.", "611" ] ]

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[ [ "Easy Origami Holiday Star: Hanukkah or Christmas Decoration: Simple Paper Craft for All Ages\nIntroduction: Easy Origami Holiday Star: Hanukkah or Christmas Decoration: Simple Paper Craft for All Ages\nIf you are searching for an easy, decorative holiday craft you have come to the right place! This star can be made with everyday household materials: a single piece of rectangular paper and some scissors.\nSimple enough for a child, but engaging enough for adults, this project is great for all ages.\nYou can place them directly on a Christmas tree or stand them up on nearly any surface!\nEasy Origami Holiday Hanukkah/Chanukah or Christmas Star: Simple Paper Craft is not something you will want to miss!\nStep 1: Fold the Paper in Half Both Horizontally and Vertically\nStep 2: Rotate the Paper \"hamburger Style\" and Fold the Top and Bottom Halves Into the Center. Unfold. (The Paper Is Now Divided Into Four Sections)\nStep 3: Keep Folding the Paper Into Smaller Sections As Shown in the Image. (The Paper Should Now Be Divided Into Eight Sections)\nStep 4: Keep Folding the Paper Into Smaller Sections.", "966" ], [ "(The Paper Is Now Divided Into Sixteen Sections)\nStep 5: Rotate the Paper \"hot Dog Style\" and Fold Both the Top and Bottom Half Into the Center. This Is Like Step 2, Except for Hot Dog Instead of Hamburger\nStep 6: Keep Folding Hot Dog Until the Paper Looks Like Is Shown in the Image: 16x8\nStep 7: Cut or Tear Off a 2x8 Section of the Paper. (Your Paper Should Now Be 14x8)\nIf you want, you can make a smaller star using the 2x8 section of the paper, shown in Step 13\nStep 8: Refold Along the Existing Hamburger Creases As Shown\nStep 9: Fold Along the Existing Thirteen Creases As Shown\nStep 10: Unfold and Your Paper Should Look Like This\nStep 11: Take Each End of the Strip of Paper and Slide Them Together As Shown. Keep Merging Them Together and It Will Begin to Look Like a Star\nStep 12: Optional: Take Two or More Stars and Insert One Inside the Other. (The Image Shows Three Stars Inside of Each Other)\nStep 13: Optional: Use the 2x8 Strip to Make Another Star the Same Way the Larger Star Was Made", "636" ] ]

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[ [ "Could these warriors make the same kinds of acrobatic flights that airplanes did on real aerial battles? I hope I'm not spoiling the fun, but in order for the creature to sustain flight with an armored person on their back, they would have to be so large the person probably wouldn't be engaging in any melee. There would have to be something preventing the wind resistance from snapping their neck if undergoing a barrel roll or something, and anchoring them firmly enough to somehow aim a weapon would be pretty tricky. I would imagine they would stick mostly to holding on to their steering mechanism, and helping guide the creature. The stakes would be higher with no cockpit, so I would think they'd be more effective guiding the dragon or griffin or not bothering to ride at all. Intelligence of the creature also matters.\nHow would the military formations be? This depends on how in control of the creatures they riders are. If they are in complete control, it would depend on the capabilities of the creatures. If we're talking teeth and claws, the creatures would probably make the rules of their own melee and the riders could only provide basic commands like go, stay, that way, attack, flee, and any special commands. If the creatures can be equipped with a sword like extension on their face, now we're talking some serious trainable strategy. Flanking would be ideal to bite off wings (see below).\nWhat would be the best tactics for warriors to fight each other? Would long range fighting bow and arrows be sufficiently precise? Would short range joust-like fighting be feasible? I think I've kind of answered this, but I don't see how they could muster the strength to throw a spear or aim a bow (straight back).", "160" ], [ "I would think they would have to use crossbows if anything. The creatures would be encouraged to bite off each others wings as that would result in instant victory. However, the counter-attack would be to grab on to the enemy once your wing is damaged. It would be risky to latch on to another creature since there is no leverage in the air to throw an opponent. So they'd stick to slashing and wing-biting.\nWould the catapults from the cities be able to disrupt the battle, or inflict any damage, knowing that the warriors could dodge on all three axes? There may be ways to spray and pray with arrows, use nets, huge ballistic bolts, distracting fireworks, or other weapons depending on the technology of the time. If the creatures fly high enough (which any sensible creature/rider would) the cities would not be able to attack, unless first drawing the creatures in. The only way I can see ground support being involved is if the creatures are attacking something on the ground or caught unaware, otherwise the riders would be using the creatures to attack each other for ownership of the skies whereby they could have the military advantage of dropping stuff or scouting at great distances.\nSorry for being so practical, but to me this kind of fighting seems mostly fantastic and a smart military leader would probably make the battles less epic, and more aimed at military advantage. In any case, we need more information about the world to flesh this out. You have a lot of good directions to go. What about some kind of Geneva convention where they forbid attacking wings at the threat of all creature clans ganging up against violators.\nI would stay the heck off, personally =D", "46" ] ]

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[ [ "How many swords are there relative to human standing militaries? Are there enough swords for entire human militaries across the world to replace guns?\nI would assume that the likely answer is no.\nWhy would a near future society/humanity still use guns mainly in their military against both humans and other entities, when these swords grant users such power?\nHumans will likely adopt the use of said magical swords, but its limited amount plus difficulty training people in swordsmanship make it not suitable for regulars. Instead, a small group of soldiers will be trained to wield these swords and be embedded to the main army roster in various ways.\n1. Reconnaissance, intelligence, espionage Hyperspeed and/or teleportation, regeneration, heightened reaction/perception? This combo screams \"perfect spy/scout\".\n2. Assistance in transport or evacuation Again, hyperspeed and/or teleportation? Although sword wielders can only use these capabilities sparingly, at least they can be instructed to do so only for critical situations (e.g. Dunkirk or D-Day).\n3. One-man engineer corps They can make damage comparable to artillery strikes once in a while with their area-of-effect attacks. Having them augmented in a regular infantry corps roster is useful.\n4. One-off recharge-limited supersoldier Occasionally, an infantry team runs into an unexpected encounter with an enemy larger team. Magic swordwielders can Hulk up their power for a short time, banishing and fighting the enemy into the mirror dimension, saving the team from surrender or destruction.\nHumans will still use guns as standard-issue soldier kit. Yes, the swords will be used partially, but it won't replace rifles. Why?\n1. Easy training People can be trained well to use firearms faster than swords.", "523" ], [ "Duck-and-cover and return-fire discipline is also (presumably) easier to instill than sword combat disciplinecitation needed. Even with all the skills, it's still a sword to wield.\n2. Easy production Guns can be made in large amount (and so the number of people available to use them). There are just times when quantity with slight quality wins over slight quantity with pure quality.\n3. Previous popularity Guns and the accompanying current 'conventional' toys of war have been used extensively in recent history in comparison to these new swords. It will be easier for militaries to develop ways to either improve, patch, or extend the already existing roster of tools and systems. It takes time to study how to best use these swords, especially now that we have other very powerful weapons that we're already fluently brandishing now and then. No one rushes to mass-adopt them. Likely, adoption will be a very long process given the limited number of items. Some of militaries will just adopt them for the sake of leveling the playing field and not to prioritize its usage.\n4. Near stigma-free Given its popularity and mainstream use, no one will brand a gunman \"witch\" or \"sorcerer\". Contrast with this new rising magic. It's very easy for an enemy nation to call a nation with major use of these swords \"using an army of entirely 'dark magic'-ians\", sort out a PR work to stamp it as 'Axis of Hell', produce both local and global consent to gang up against it, then just wipe it out.", "523" ] ]

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[ [ "Macedonia: Use of New Media in Election Campaign · Global Voices\nAuthors of the Macedonian media blog Komunikacii.net, analyzed (MKD) the “unprecedented” use of the internet and the new media by the leading political parties in the campaign for the early parliamentary elections, scheduled for June 1, 2008.\nMedia experts <PERSON> and <PERSON> provided joint analysis of the web presence of both the incumbent party, VMRO-DPMNE, and the main opposition party, SDSM:\nGood: use of blogs, YouTube channels, Myspace, Facebook, Hi5 etc.\n[…]\nGood also: use of video, audio, posting documents, comments, etc.\nMost of—it seems all—the campaign materials are available online, too. The websites receive regular updates… and heavily use free online services, apparently to cut costs, which seems like a smart move.\nBad: the “social” portion is absent in their use of social media. The blog posts are mainly transcripts of their rally speeches, and the content is basically recycled from their TV commercials and other uses such as to be fed to traditional media, analysts, journalists and similar actors, but not blogs per se. The posts are long, different audiences are targeted in each post, and personal experiences or input from the politicians is lacking. Even the impressions on their events are lacking, depriving their blogs of the essential individual, personal perspective.", "363" ], [ "The video clips are made for TV and not for vlogs, print campaigns which do not fit viral media, photos as décor and not as source of (inside) information. […]\nProbably these are the reasons why these blogs do not receive many visits, there are but a few comments, and are simply left out of the general political discussion (for the time being).\nIn conclusion […], it's great that political parties adopted many new services and channels for electoral propaganda, but the effects will probably be quite small, because the websites are used as web repositories or warehouses for loads of materials tirelessly produced for the electoral campaigns in Macedonia.\nIn a comment to the same post, prominent local blogger <PERSON>, wrote (MKD):\nThe most interesting thing about the bunch of blogs created by political parties for this election is that they have some incompetent idiot appointed as administrator responding to user comments. For instance a response to some relevant question by such person was: “And who's asking?” Bottom! As long as they belittle the power of the blog and the blogosphere, their blogs will receive minuscule visitor flow and only by their praising party members. The situation was the same with the elections in 2006. They advanced in quantity, but not an inch in quality.", "363" ] ]

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[ [ "Moonrise Kingdom Khaki Scout Treehouse\nIntroduction: Moonrise Kingdom Khaki Scout Treehouse\n<PERSON> movies always contain several sets that evoke the beauty and craftsmanship of a well made diorama. I thought that making a diorama of a scene from Moonrise Kingdom would be a nice complement to that idea.\nSupplies\nPaper bag, an outdoor craft kit from Micheals, super glue, craft glue, 1/8\" basswood, 3/16\" wooden dowel.\nStep 1: Planning\nThe most important part of any project is to plan it out. This is based off of the Khaki Scout treehouse from the first 10 minutes of Moonrise Kingdom. The treehouse is comically too tall for anyone to realistically have. I based off the heights for everything off of the height of Scout Master Ward (<PERSON>) in reference to the ladder rungs next to him to determine the heights of the trees, the treehouse, the treehouse size and the various other elements in the frame.\nStep 2: Creating the Grass\nThe kit came with a grass element which was glued to a paper bag as our base. Once applied it was left to dry for a couple hours while we worked on the trees and shrubs.\nStep 3: Trees and Shrubs\nWe played around with angles and using felt to create the background of the scene. We decided that pulling the felt created a soft enough background. We then glued it and double stacked it.\nThe trees came with foliage which was then cut in half so that it would have a better approximate height to the scene we were aiming for.", "644" ], [ "We dipped the trees in some orange and maroon foliage to create a more fall like atmosphere.\nStep 4: Making the Treehouse\nBased on the height of the tree being 1.5\", we knew that 5x that was the height of the tree that the treehouse sat on (7.5\"). I decided to increase that by a little bit because I wanted the treehouse to use the rod as support so that it was unlikely to tip over. I laser cut 1.5\"x1.5\" squares with a 3/16\" hole in the middle for the dowel to go through. We super glued the base piece as well as the rod to the grass. Once it was dry and sturdy we started adding the treehouse. It was 7 squares glued on top of each other and then 12 triangles glued to one another to make the top of the treehouse. The ladder was created using wooden coffee stirrers and cutting them into thirds. Those were then glued on in a close to even interval.\nStep 5: Painting and Final Touches\nThe last step was to paint the treehouse as well as the turtle rocks (which was created using some styrofoam from a box). There are a lot of browns (and some yellow) for the painting.\nWe had to attach some branches with super glue to the top of the treehouse to make it look closer to the scene.", "644" ] ]

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[ [ "No Time to Die\nLet's start with some positives:\nThe first hour of No Time to Die has some fantastic locations, set pieces and a great pace. <PERSON> gives an absolutely committed performance which is undoubtedly the best by an actor at the end of his run as <PERSON>.\nUnfortunately, after the Cuba-set sequence, the movie drastically loses its way, with about 45 mins where barely anything occurs, there is a lot of overly-complex exposition and the few action scenes that occur aren't as well-staged as the opening sequences. I found myself snapping out of the film and realising I was getting bored.\nThat puts pressure on the final 30 mins to really deliver a big action finale and for me that kinda fell flat too. There are big emotional notes in this finale, but juggling that and great action seems to have been beyond the director and editor. It doesn't help that the main villain (<PERSON>) is poorly written in terms of motivation (despite taking quite a but of time to establish his history).\nI also felt the lack of a really good henchman, a key element of <PERSON> films, was lacking. Instead we have a fairly non-descript character and actor who lacks genuine threat.", "952" ], [ "Oh for <PERSON> or <PERSON> in this film.\nWithout giving anything away the final element this film needs to succeed is for the audience to really buy into the <PERSON>/<PERSON> relationship. And between Spectre and this film, I just didn't really feel that chemistry and why this woman would have had such an effect on <PERSON>. This is amplified by much more sizzle between <PERSON> and <PERSON>, played with a real sense of fun by <PERSON> in her cameo.\nI'm ok with where this movie tried to go, it might not be my preference but I admire they tried to do something different. But this film needed a much sharper edit, better villains and stronger direction. It feels slightly done by committee, perhaps explaining why <PERSON> didn't remain on board.\nPersonally, <PERSON> will remain as my favorite <PERSON>. Skyfall and Casino Royale are the goats. No Time to Die is a 6/10 and to be honest I'm not sure after 25 films whether I'm really interested in seeing <PERSON> rebooted again after this.", "698" ] ]

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[ [ "<PERSON>: Chapter 4\nSome guy: “Ah, <PERSON>, my old friend. Mr. <PERSON>, my friend, before I kill you, I must ask you a question. But first, a hypothetical.", "417" ], [ "But before that, an aphorism. I’ve always said that there are three kinds of men in this world: friends, old friends, and the oldest of friends. Back in the old days, I might have called you just a friend, but now, as we’re buried by these sands of time, I will call you my old friend. My friend, it got me thinking—what shall I put on your gravestone? What could possibly encapsulate the life of one of my oldest friends? Well, I think I ought to inscribe the stone with what you were above all else: my old friend. What say you, <PERSON>?”\n<PERSON>: “Yeah.”", "417" ] ]

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[ [ "Three Decades and Several Films Later, a Creative Translation of ‘Alien’ Endures in the Balkans · Global Voices\nBanner for the upcoming “Alien” film in Macedonian, reading “The Eighth Passenger: Covenant. In cinemas starting May 18. Tickets on sale.”\nThe announcement that another installment of the “Alien” franchise will soon hit theaters has reignited a longstanding linguistic debate among science fiction and movie fans in Western Balkans.\nWhen the first movie in the series appeared in 1979, rather than using a word that means “stranger” or “extraterrestrial” in the local languages, the distributors in Yugoslavia, Hungary and Poland translated the title as “The Eighth Passenger,” referring to the fact that the titular alien was a stowaway on the spaceship populated by seven crew members.\nScan of the original 1979 Yugoslav movie poster containing both the Serb-Croatian translation and the original English title, with the remark “movie of the year.” Author anonymous.\nSo “Alien” became “Osmi putnik” in Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian, “Osmi potnik” in Slovenian, and “Osmiot patnik” in Macedonian.\nThis wasn't true in all the countries of the region, however. Transliteration or local variations of the word “alien” were used in Albanian, Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak and all languages of the former USSR.\nAnd the Polish title, “Obcy – ósmy pasażer Nostromo,” used a combination of both approaches, in addition to adding the name of the spaceship at the end, resulting in the rather lengthy “Alien – The Eighth Passenger of Nostromo.” The Hungarian title, “A nyolcadik utas: a Halál,” is also a kind of spoiler, meaning “The Eighth Passenger: Death.”\nAcross the former Yugoslavia, “The Eighth Passenger” stuck and was used in all the sequels that followed over the next 30 years, including the upcoming “Alien: Covenant.”\nPeriodically, people from the region have returned to the controversy of the translation, either considering it a very creative interpretation or dismissing it as improper or obsolete.\nThis is reflected in the definition found at Vukajlija, an online dictionary of Serbian slang. The entry for “<PERSON>” contains both praise and the question of “how come they didn't count the cat?” (In addition to the seven crew members, there was also a cat on board the spaceship, which apparently wasn't included in the count if the alien was the “eighth passenger.”)\nU moru losih prevoda i interpretacija naziva stranih filmova na nas jezik, <PERSON> je retko dobar naziv filma.", "260" ], [ "#Alien\n— <PERSON> (@BarbaDjole) December 26, 2016\nIn the sea of bad translations and interpretations of the titles of foreign films to Serbian, The Eighth Passenger is a rare case of good movie title. #Alien\nOpet me ljute i kažu za #Alien da je “<PERSON>” – alo, bilo ih je 6 humanoida, android, mačak i onda stvor. pic.twitter.com/13qUCs4WgV\n— <PERSON> (@dakishoz) May 11, 2017\nAgain, they make me angry when they say that the #Alien was the “eighth passenger” – Hello! There were 6 humanoids, one android, the cat, and then the alien.\nThen there's Alien or <PERSON> which literally translates to “The Eighth Passenger”. What was the sequel translated as? More Passengers?\n— <PERSON> (@mmarkicevic) May 10, 2017\nFans in Macedonia have shared their mixed feelings about the title's translation:\nМногу се кринџам шо Alien го пишуваат Осмиот Патник по влезниците за у кино, ама М Н О Г У\n— Гаровски™ (@Garowski17) May 11, 2017\nI cringe a lot when they write the Eighth Passenger instead of Alien on the cinema tickets. A lot!", "260" ] ]

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[ [ "DIY Rechargeable Alcohol Detector\nIntroduction: DIY Rechargeable Alcohol Detector\nHi friends, we are back with an easy DIY project. Today we will be building a DIY rechargeable breathalyzer. As we all know, breathalyzers use the amount of alcohol in exhaled breath to calculate the amount of alcohol in a person's blood. In this project, we will be showing how to build a breathalyzer on your own. Now what? Let's get building.\nStep 1: Electronic Components\nThese are the major electronic components required for this project.\nHere is the link for purchasing these electronic components.\n* 1 X Digispark Attiny85\n* 1 X 500 mah Lipo Battery\n* 1 X MQ3 Alcohol Sensor Module\n* 1 X TP4056 Charge Controller\n* 1 X SPDT Slide Switch\n* 1 X Common Anode RGB Led\n* 1 X Piezo Buzzer\n* 1 X DC-DC Boost Module\n* 1 X 2.2k Resistor\n* 5m Silicone Red wires\n* 5m Silicone Black wires\n* 1 X PCB\n* Female header\nTools\n* Glue Gun\n* Soldering Iron\n* Flex Quick\n* Vernier Caliper\n* Ruler\n* Laser Cutter\nStep 2: Why These Components?\n* Digispark Attiny 85\nHere we are using Digispark attiny 85 as the microcontroller. You can use any Arduino board instead.\nHere we considered the Digispark attiny 85, for making the device a compact one. Just as most Arduino boards come with a USB port for programming and sometimes as a source of power, Digispark comes with an onboard USB connector that can be plugged directly into a computer for programming of the device. The board can be powered via the USB port which will feed 5V to the board or from an external source via its VIN pin that can accept ~7 to 35V which will be regulated down to 5V through an onboard 78M05 voltage regulator.\n* MQ3 Sensor Module\nWe used the MQ3 Sensor module for the detection of alcohol in the air. MQ3 alcohol sensor module is a great option because this module can be easily integrated into the microcontroller.\n* Piezo Buzzer & Common Anode RGB Led\nFor alerting the alcohol presence, we used a Piezo Buzzer and Common Anode RGB Led.\n* Lipo Battery\nHere we used a lipo battery for powering up the project. The battery capacity is about 500 mah, so the device can run over a long time. The lipo battery has High energy density, Thin thickness, Low internal resistance, Good charging, discharging characteristics, High voltage, Good safety performance and Long cycle life.\n* TP4056 Charge Controller\nThe charge controller used in this project is TP4056. The reasons why we used this are\n1. Constant Current / Constant voltage charging method.\n2. C/10 Charge termination.\n3.", "769" ], [ "2.9V trickle charge threshold (for deeply discharged batteries).\n4. Upper charge stop voltage: 4.2V.\n5. Soft start inrush current limit.\n6. Automatic recharge (keeps batteries optimally charged when connected to a charger).\nAnd it's very cheap.\n* DC-DC Boost Module\nThe microcontroller needs 5V to operate and the lipo battery can provide up to a max of 4V. That is really a big issue that's why we used a DC-DC Boost converter for converting 3.7 Volts to 5 Volts coming from the lipo battery.\nAnd we also used a SPDT slide switch for regulating the current flow in the circuit.\nStep 3: MQ3 Alcohol Sensor Module and Calibration\nMQ3 is one of the most commonly used sensors in the MQ sensor series. It is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) type of sensor. Metal oxide sensors are also known as Chemiresistors because sensing is based on the change of resistance of the sensing material when exposed to alcohol. So by placing it in a simple voltage divider network, alcohol concentrations can be detected.\nMQ3 alcohol sensor works on 5V DC and draws around 800mW. It can detect Alcohol concentrations anywhere from 25 to 500 ppm. If you need more knowledge about this, please read here. The lastminutengineers made an excellent write-up there.\nFor the calibration process, we are using the sensor with the Arduino, because Digispark does not provide any Serial Output. So it is very hard to play around. Connect the sensor to the Arduino as per the schematics.\nUse the sketch above to note what values your sensor outputs when you blow your breath on the sensor without consuming alcohol vs after consuming alcohol. Here we used sanitizer for the job because we don't have access to alcohol.", "152" ] ]

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[ [ "Is this time travel scheme internally consistent?\nI know there are similar questions, but not similar enough, and in fact, I don't remember seeing this kind of time travel in fiction.\nBefore I start, it doesn't matter how the time machine works in this world (could even be many different types), and time travel is allowed to violate matter/energy conservation laws (i.e. time traveler or time machine appears out of thin air).\nNow the rules are as follows:\n* Only time travel to the past is allowed.\n* The timeline always changes due to the arrival of the time traveler.\n* There's only one real timeline. The \"old\" timelines are destroyed forever.\n* There's a first ever time traveler by the time of arrival.\nThat last part is important. Clearly, time travel events are countable. So if you go back in the real timeline, you eventually find the earliest arrival. It doesn't really matter when this time traveler departed in their original, destroyed timeline.\nI believe this system is internally logically consistent and doesn't allow for any paradoxes. If you travel back and kill your grandfather, you will just have to live your life knowing your double will never be born.\nHere's an illustration of multiple time travelers (or time travel events) in this scheme:\nAs you can see, time travelers are ordered by their arrival time and nothing else.", "302" ], [ "They can bring records, devices and anything else from their own timeline and all of that will exist, even though the timeline itself is lost.\nThe first ever time traveler doesn't have to be the \"original\" one either. For example, it could have happened like this:\nSomebody invented the time machine, tested it out, which created a new timeline, then somebody else got a hold of the same technology and traveled back far enough to become the first arrival.\nSo what I'm asking is this: * is this system internally consistent?\nEdited due to comments\n* how to explain why somebody later who finds out the arrival time of the 1st (2nd, 3rd) time traveler can't travel father back?\nI mean, that would make everything inconsistent again. Maybe they can and will simply become the first time traveler themselves? But where does it end? Now I'm confused again. Logically it has to end somewhere so we get a final timeline with a set and ordered list of time travelers up to some point.\nMaybe Primer idea is not that bad (for those who haven't seen the movie SPOILERS ahead): we can only travel back to the point when the time machine was first turned on. But I don't like this restriction very much.\nSome extra stuff that's not very important:\nPeople often complain that maleable timeline stories don't have high enough stakes because the character can always go back and change something else, or if multiple realities coexist, then nothing even matters. But here's only one eventual reality and nobody will ever be able to recreate their original timeline, especially due to multiple time travel arrivals after their own.\nI think there's a good narrative potential here. For example, there could be a whole society (or two competing ones) made of time travelers who are all by definition come from different timelines, quite possibly very very different. With different societies, technologies etc.", "159" ] ]

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[ [ "Poor Things\ntoday is my birthday and there is something i would like to share with you all...\ngrowing up i was always labelled as quirky and strange, and when i say that i don't mean to ostrisize myself in a 'not like the other girls' way, i mean it in a sense that i didn't behave to conventional social standards. I was loud, audacious and bluntly honest.", "427" ], [ "I was told to stop behaving in the ways that felt instinctual to me, so i for the most part pushed it all down which grew into a bitter hatred for a world that is not accepting of who i am. as it turns out, I had autism which was only diagnosed this year. It's been a lot to process but overall im happy to be me !!!!!!!!!!! and even though things can be very difficult and frustrating at times its kind of a fun brain to live in!!! Poor things to me captures what it means to be a different woman, and how men can take advantage of your naivety to conventional socializing ! so <PERSON>, <PERSON> MUST get the oscar", "427" ] ]

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[ [ "Sliding Doors\nIt’s the year 2002 and <PERSON> is riding the tail end of her peak. Newly released DVD Shallow Hal is out of stock at the local blockbuster so a 10 year old me is tasked with choosing between <PERSON>’s Shakespeare in Love and this. I chose <PERSON> in love then so now because there’s no alternate timeline I finally decided to see if I missed anything. Turns out I didn’t.", "378" ], [ "Watch Right Now Wrong Then for a much better example of this concept done well\nStray Observations\n- The ending(s) are awful. Like soap opera awful\n- the soundtrack slaps including <PERSON>’s Thank You over the credits\n- the main love interest’s one line is to make the same Monty Python reference and somehow it works every time. (?!?!)\n- <PERSON>’s hair in this is fantastic and so 90s. Her British accent though? Not so fantastic.", "952" ] ]

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[ [ "Let's Build a Partition Wall\nIntroduction: Let's Build a Partition Wall\nWe built a partition wall in the garage to separate workspace from storage space.\nNow, if you're a professional reading this, you may be shaking your head at why we built our wall the way we did. Our design choices were made based on our skill and strength level, as well as the tools we own.\nJoin our newsletter for weekly projects!\nSupplies\nYou will find a complete this of material/tools with links on our website.\nMaterials:\n* Tapcon 3/16 in. x 3-1/4 in. Phillips-Flat-Head Concrete Anchors\n* (32) Simpson Strong-Tie 20-Gauge 2X Reversible Stud Plate Tie\n* Simpson Strong-Tie Strong-Drive 8d x 1-1/2 in. SCN Smooth-Shank Connector Nai\n* SPAX #9 x 2-1/2 in. T-Star Drive Flat-Head Partial Thread Yellow Zinc Coated Multi-Material Screw\n* (3) 10’ 2x4\n* (8) 8’ 2x4\n* (3) 4’x8’ Underlayment\nStep 1: Watch the Video for Step by Step Tutorial\nStep 2: Make a Plan\nIn a nutshell, this is our wall design. Three horizontal boards for the bottom and top plates, 8 studs and metal plates to hold it all together.\nThe garage ceiling was a little over 8 feet tall which necessitated an extra top plate to compensate for the extra ceiling height.\nStep 3: Determine Placement\nAfter determining where the wall was going to be built, we cut out the baseboard so the 2x4 would sit flush to the side wall. We chose this location based on the availability of a stud in the existing wall which would help support our new wall.\nStep 4: Securing the Base Plate\nAfter cutting the board to size, we marked the placement on the floor with painter's tape.\nWe used a rotary hammer and speciality bit to drill through the 2x4 into the concrete below. We continually vacuumed out the wood and concrete dust which was essential so the screws could be fully screwed into place.\nAn impact driver proved to be effective in drilling in the Tapcon screws. We used Tapcon screws just in case we ever wanted to remove the wall. Other anchor methods are permanent.\nBefore securing the top plate, the bottom and top plates were put on top of each other to mark the placement of the studs. The studs are placed 16\" on center, which means when you measure from the center of one stud to the center of the next one it should measure 16\".\nStep 5: Add Supports in the Ceiling\nWe had the luxury of being able to tie into an existing wall stud, but weren't so lucky when it came to tying into a joist in the ceiling.", "181" ], [ "We had to add some blocking to extend a 2x4 over the placement of the top plate so that we had something to screw into to support the wall.\nThose short pieces of wood extend the new joist to the position right over the top plate placement. The clamps were used to keep everything tight while screwing it into place.\nStep 6: Secure Top Plates to the Ceiling\nIn this photo we've already screwed one top plate into place and are now working on the second. Two top plates are actually not required in this type of non-load bearing partition wall. The ceiling in the garage is a little over 8'. We decided that we could use two top plates and 8' studs would fit without cutting or we could have used one top plate, purchased longer 2x4s, then cut them to size. We decided it made more sense to use the second plate.\nStep 7: Add in the Studs\nWith the bottom and top plates in place, it was now time to put in the studs. The first one was nailed to the existing side wall. The level showed the stud was perfectly straight!\nOkay, you're probably asking why we used those plate things rather than the traditional toenailing technique. Well, frankly, with our skill set and strength we could not physically do it. Through some research we found an alternative way to attach the studs to the bottom and top plates. These Simpson Strong-Tie stud plates were just what we needed.\nWe used a Ridgid pneumatic palm nailer with a Ridgid compressor to drive the nails. This was easy AND fun! This tool drives the nails with ease.\nAll the studs are in place and ready for the final step.\nStep 8: Add Underlayment to Back Side of Wall\nThe last step was to attach thin underlayment to the backside with a brad nailer.", "56" ] ]

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[ [ "Jacob's Ladder\nDirectors' List 2023 #49 | <PERSON>\nDefinitely feels like a precursor to The Father in many respects, as a psychological thriller with an unreliable protagonist, where what we see and what's part of the narrative morphs and shifts at any given moment. Some may say war is hell, but Jacob's Ladder is evidence that it's just the front gates; life after is eternal suffering.", "241" ], [ "Pretty insane that this is what <PERSON> chose to make after getting his Fatal Attraction nod, because this is so different in terms of content from what he's usually known for – yet it boasts so many of the same stylistic and tonal swings, so intent on overloading your senses and bombarding you with confusion as you're watching it. With all that said, though, the scariest thing in this film was the first <PERSON> jumpscare. That gave me PTSD.", "475" ] ]

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[ [ "\"Waiting for the Egg to Hatch\" : an I Spy Inspired Diorama\nIntroduction: \"Waiting for the Egg to Hatch\" : an I Spy Inspired Diorama\nI love the I Spy picture books. My favorites include \"I Spy Treasure Hunt\", \"I Spy Spooky Night\", and \"I Spy Christmas\". I also love the \"Can You See What I See?\" books, which are basically I Spy books as well. One thing that all my favorite ones have in common though is that they tell a story and have actually scenes instead of just piles of junk. I am much more interested in searching for objects inside an old attic than searching through a pile of teddy bears.\nI have always wanted to attempt an I Spy type scene myself. With the Diorama Contest, I decided to bite the bullet and try to make my own I Spy scene in a diorama form. Therefore we have \"Waiting on The Egg to Hatch\".\nBe prepared, this is gonna be a long Instructable! Along the way, I will tell little bits of the story that goes with the scene.\nSupplies\nHouse supplies:\n1. Cardboard box insert or just a cardboard box the size that you want.\n2. Tape\n3. Scissors\n4. Ruler\n5. Marker/Pen\n6. X-Acto Knife\n7. Stucco or similar texture medium for miniatures\n8. Clay tools: Knife and Stylus\n9. A tan brown and a dark brown paint (I am using Folk Art Butter Pecan and Apple Barrel Burnt Umber)\n10. A brush\n11. Paper towels\n12. Water\n13. Large craft sticks\n14. Hot glue gun\n\"Miss <PERSON>\" - elderly lady supplies:\n1. 18 or 20 ga copper wire for armature AND 26 gauge wire for tying armature pieces together\n2. Cotton balls for stuffing\n3. Material scraps for dress and apron\n4. Pliers\n5. Mod Podge\n6. Air dry clay\n7. Clay tools: Stylus, knife (I didn't end up using it), and needle tool\n8. Aluminum foil for base of head\n9. Cotton ball for hair\n10. Grey pastel for coloring hair\n11.", "812" ], [ "Thread for sewing the dress and apron\n12. Needle for sewing\n13. Paint brush and paints in a variety of skin tones (depending on what ethnicity you want - mine are shown in the photos)\nWindow Curtains:\n1. Material scraps for small window curtains\n2. Large hair pin or similar straight object to be a curtain rod\n3. Burnt matchsticks\n4. Paint in an off-white (I am using Decoart Buttermilk)\n5. Hole punch\n6. Large jump rings\nDesk:\n1. Small matchbox\n2. Scissors (already pictured)\n3. Paint in brown color (already pictured)\n4. Large craft sticks (already pictured)\n5. 26 gauge copper wire (already pictured)\n6. Flat long silver bead\nTable:\n1. Scrap piece of wood\n2. Sewing spool with brown thread (of if you are lucky, an empty one of those wooden ones)\n3. Saw for cutting wood to size (if needed)\n4. Sandpaper for sanding cut wood (if needed)\nChair:\n1. Copper wire in 18 and 26 gauge (already pictured)\nOdds and Ends:\n1. Chopstick wrapper for wall tapestry and Mod Podge\n2. Sticker and jewelry photo frame for framed wall picture\n3. Small sticks for chopped wood\n4. Small twigs for egg's nest\n5. A tiny chicken egg (blown out) or a small fake egg\nWhew! Let's get started.\nStep 1: House Base\nSo I found a cardboard box down in the basement that I decided was the perfect size. I have never made a miniature scene, so I didn't want to have something too big or too tiny because I decided that either would be frustrating.\nUsing tape, I taped the box where it would stay open (because all it was was a cardboard box insert, not actually a box). I trimmed away the excess flaps and taped shut two odd little holes in the back. There was a larger hole that I waited to tape shut because I needed a window in that area.\nI knew I wanted the window frame to be matchsticks, so I set these against the back wall of the box where I wanted the window to be. Then I traced the shape with a permanent marker. I know, real accurate. Anyway, then I cut out the shape with an X-Acto knife, being as accurate as possible and as careful as possible.", "644" ] ]

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[ [ "Queue FIFO search speed up through the change of visited array?\nAs I was preparing for the CCC this year, I am quite confused as to why a certain code modification was able to speed up my code for CCC Seniors Problem 2.\nHere was the C++ source code for my first attempt, which scored 13/15 in the cccgrader website as well as the DMOJ online judging website.\n#include <bits/stdc++.h>\nusing namespace std;\ntypedef vector<int> vint;\ntypedef pair<int,int> pii;\nvector<pii> vpairs[1000001];\nvector<vector<bool>> vis;\nint main(void){\nios<IP_ADDRESS>sync_with_stdio(0);cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0);\nint A,B;\ncin>>A>>B;\nfor(int i=0;i<A;i++)\n{\nvector<bool> newvecbool;\nfor(int j=0;j<B;j++)\n{\nnewvecbool.push_back(false);\nint k;\ncin>>k;\nvpairs[k].push_back(pii(i,j));\n}\nvis.push_back(newvecbool);\n}\nqueue<pii> queue;\nqueue.push(pii(A,B));\nwhile(!queue.empty())\n{\npii curpair = queue.front();\nqueue.pop();\nif(curpair.first==1 && curpair.second==1){\ncout<<\"yes\";\nreturn 0;\n}\nvis[curpair.first-1][curpair.second-1] = true;\nint value = curpair.first*curpair.second;\n// cout<<curpair.first<<' '<<curpair.second<<endl;\nfor(int i=0; i<vpairs[value].size();i++)\n{\npii pair = vpairs[value][i];\nif(!vis[pair.first][pair.second]){\n//vis[pair.first][pair.second] = true;\nqueue.push(pii(pair.first+1,pair.second+1));\n}\n}\n}\ncout<<\"no\";\n}\nHere, on the other hand, was my second attempt, being much faster in time and scoring 15/15 on both the cccgrader and the DMOJ judging website.\n#include <bits/stdc++.h>\nusing namespace std;\ntypedef vector<int> vint;\ntypedef pair<int,int> pii;\nvector<pii> vpairs[1000001];\nvector<vector<bool>> vis;\nint main(void){\nios<IP_ADDRESS>sync_with_stdio(0);cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0);\nint A,B;\ncin>>A>>B;\nfor(int i=0;i<A;i++)\n{\nvector<bool> newvecbool;\nfor(int j=0;j<B;j++)\n{\nnewvecbool.push_back(false);\nint k;\ncin>>k;\nvpairs[k].push_back(pii(i,j));\n}\nvis.push_back(newvecbool);\n}\nqueue<pii> queue;\nqueue.push(pii(A,B));\nwhile(!queue.empty())\n{\npii curpair = queue.front();\nqueue.pop();\nif(curpair.first==1 && curpair.second==1){\ncout<<\"yes\";\nreturn 0;\n}\n//vis[curpair.first-1][curpair.second-1] = true;\nint value = curpair.first*curpair.second;\n// cout<<curpair.first<<' '<<curpair.second<<endl;\nfor(int i=0; i<vpairs[value].size();i++)\n{\npii pair = vpairs[value][i];\nif(!vis[pair.first][pair.second]){\nvis[pair.first][pair.second] = true;\nqueue.push(pii(pair.first+1,pair.", "268" ] ]

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[ [ "Director field fluctuations in a liquid crystal in a magnetic field\nIf we consider the <PERSON> elastic free energy in the equal constants limit (for more details, see here Chapter 4.1.) with an external magnetic field, we have\n$$ F = \\frac{1}{2}\\int \\text{d}^3 r\\left ( K|\\nabla \\cdot n|^2 + K|\\nabla\\times n|^2 -\\Delta\\chi |n\\cdot H|^2 \\right), $$ where $K$ is the elastic constant, $n$ is the unit director field ($n\\cdot n =1$), $\\Delta \\chi$ is the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy and $H$ denotes the magnetic field.\nSuppose we take the ground state director field in de z-direction: $n_0 = (0,0,1)$. A fluctuation on his field will be of the form $\\delta n \\approx (\\delta n_x, \\delta n_y,0)$ for small $\\delta n_x(r)$ and $\\delta n_y(r)$. In the case of zero magnetic field, I understand the system. We introduce the Fourier transform $$ \\delta n_{\\alpha}(r) = \\frac{1}{V}\\sum_q \\delta\\tilde{n}{\\alpha}(q)e^{iqr} $$ and its inverse $$ \\delta \\tilde{n}(q)=\\int \\text{d} r \\delta n{\\alpha}(r)e^{-iqr}, $$ to obtain\n$$ F \\approx \\frac{K}{2V}\\sum_q \\left( \\delta \\tilde{n}^2_x(q) + \\delta \\tilde{n}^2_y(q) \\right)q^2. $$ Now one can impose equipartition of free energy: every mode in the Fourier decomposition carries $k_B T/2$ of energy. This yields the correlators $$ \\langle \\delta \\tilde{n}{\\alpha}^2(q) \\rangle = \\frac{k_B T V}{Kq^2} \\Rightarrow \\langle \\delta n{\\alpha}(0)\\delta n_{\\alpha}(r) \\rangle = \\frac{k_B T}{4\\pi K |r|}.", "649" ], [ "$$ However, I do not understand how this works in the case of a magnetic field. Suppose we take the initial magnetic field also in the z-direction. The free energy then becomes $$ F \\approx \\frac{K}{2}\\sum_q \\left( \\delta \\tilde{n}^2_x(q) + \\delta \\tilde{n}^2_y(q) \\right)q^2 - \\frac{1}{2}\\Delta \\chi V H_z^2. $$\nI do not understand how I can invoke the equipartition theorem to find the correlation functions in this new situation. Can anyone help?\nEDIT: the form of the fluctuations is derived as follows. Say we have $\\delta n = (\\delta n_x, \\delta n_y, \\delta n_z)$, then we must have $|n+\\delta n|^2 = 1$, yielding a conditions $1+\\delta n_z = \\sqrt{1-\\delta n_x^2 - \\delta n_y^2} \\approx 1-\\frac{1}{2}(\\delta n_x^2+\\delta n_y^2) \\approx 1$ for small $\\delta n_x$ and $\\delta n_y$.", "649" ] ]

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[ [ "dog’s spay wound infected\nmy dog got spayed 2 weeks ago and it was healing nicely up until a couple days ago when we noticed it swell up a little and start oozing some white/yellow puss. my vet told me to make an appointment with a physician, but i can’t afford to at the moment. is there any way i can treat it at home? we’ve been using vetericyn antimicrobial wound care spray on it since she got spayed to help the healing process; could i keep using this to treat the infection?", "881" ] ]

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[ [ "Lockdown to shutdown: How COVID-19 stifled digital rights in Zimbabwe · Global Voices\nA police officer wearing a protective anti-virus mask talks with a motorist at a checkpoint in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, April 20, 2020. Photo by <PERSON> / ILO via Flickr/CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.\nOn the morning of July 30, 2020, Zimbabweans awoke to the presence of heavily armed soldiers standing ready to crush anti-government protesters scheduled to take to the streets the following day. No one was permitted entry into the central business district.", "424" ], [ "The official line was that protests were prohibited in an effort to curb the spread of the coronavirus.\nA few days prior, social media — particularly WhatsApp and Twitter — was abuzz with citizens sharing Virtual Private Network (VPN) applications to download, just in case the government shut down the internet again, as they did during protests in January 2019.\nCOVID-19 and its subsequent government policies have had far-reaching implications on digital rights and media freedom in Zimbabwe.\nA state of disaster was declared by Zimbabwe on March 20, 2020, following the World Health Organization’s declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic. Subsequently, a national lockdown and prohibition of gatherings were legislated in the form of Statutory Instrument (SI) 83 of 2020 titled “Public Health (COVID-19 Prevention, Containment and Treatment) (National Lockdown) Order, 2020.”\nAlthough the SI predates protests planned for July, authorities used this particular piece of legislation to clamp down on digital rights and other civil liberties protected in the constitution.\nDigital rights under siege\nSince January 2019, when anti-government demonstrations turned violent and resulted in several deaths after security used excessive force against protesters, Zimbabwe’s government has been on edge.\nThe government tightened their COVID-19 regulations just as anti-government protest plans began to circulate online.\nThe ruse of using COVID-19 as an excuse to clamp down on digital rights all began on July 20, when media headlines read that a Zimbabwean journalist who had exposed alleged government corruption involving coronavirus medicines supplies had been charged with inciting public violence.\nJournalist <PERSON> had reported on a coronavirus-related fraud case involving a $60 million United States dollar PPE procurement, which led to the arrest and sacking of Health Minister <PERSON>.\n<PERSON> faced charges of inciting public violence after he allegedly called for an end to corruption before the planned anti-government protests slated for July 31.\n<PERSON>, the permanent secretary in the Information Ministry, said that nobody, including journalists, were above the law.\nThere is no profession which is above the law.\n-Journalists are not above the law.\n-Lawyers are not above the law\n-Doctors and nurses are not above the law.\n-Politicians & bankers are not above the law.\nAnyone suspected to have commited a crime should be subjected to due process.\n— <PERSON> (@nickmangwana) July 20, 2020\nOn July 20, <PERSON> arrested together with <PERSON>, leader of a small opposition party called Transform Zimbabwe, for allegedly participating in plans for an anti-government demonstration.\n<PERSON> appeared in court on July 22, facing charges of planning to incite public violence. Both arrests were tied to tweets deemed provocative by the state.\nThey were charged with violating Section 187 (1) (a) as read with Section 37 (1) (a) (i) of the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act, Chapter 9:23, “incitement to participate in public violence.”\nOn the day of <PERSON> arrest, his Twitter handle was taken down, although it was not clear by whom.\nSI 83 had been in effect since May, but President <PERSON> then declared a dusk-to-dawn curfew curtailing people’s movement, purportedly to stem the spread of COVID-19 infections in the country.\nActivists charge that this move was clearly aimed at stopping planned anti-government protests on July 31. In anticipation, security forces displayed an overwhelming readiness to quell protests.\nHuman Rights Watch Southern Africa director <PERSON> told Global Voices that the state had, in effect, weaponized the law to silence dissent:\nThe Zimbabwe authorities have been using the COVID-19 pandemic as an excuse to clampdown on the opposition and deny citizens their rights, particularly crushing the right to peaceful protests even where those protests comply with COVID-19 regulations.\nThe arrest and detention of journalist <PERSON> harassment, it is persecution through prosecution meant to silence other journalists through fear.\n<PERSON> was arrested for a third time in five months on January 9, for another controversial tweet.", "424" ] ]

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[ [ "Not a big fan of TL;DR explanations of burning sticks that have NOT_A_FRACKING_THING to do with the question. Swim bladders, if the leviathan was a big fish, would answer the first part of your question. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swim_bladder. How do you control it? Well, that's an enormous problem (no pun intended). Generally, domestication benefits the animal by easier food access, protection from predators, and shelter and so, increased chances of reproduction. So, even if you could send electrical signals to its brain or fins to change direction, unless those changes led it to food or a mate (or perhaps \"nicer\" water, whatever that means), then you'd be fighting it every step of the way (every stroke of the way). You need to be able to train it to tolerate you and have a reason to obey your commands. Maybe it needs a hard to find nutrient, which you can provide for it, for example. As far as a system of vision, I see no way.", "671" ], [ "If you could keep it on the surface, then a system of tubes and mirrors might be created (Middle Ages are ~1000 years, you do understand that, right? Mirrored glass was available by 1300 CE, and even before that polished metal could have been used. A system of levers, pulleys, gears, etc. to keep the optical path from the surface to the observer could be possible, but probably would require magical surgery to install (and keep antiseptic). How would you keep it on the surface? By definition, a leviathan is a deep water beast. So, you'd need for it to be smart enough to follow directions and the problem with that is, that in an ocean, asking for it to travel between points A and B on a map would be like asking a 18th Century wagon driver to plot a trajectory between Earth and Mars - not at all plausible. So, what could you do? Say it can sense magnetic fields, so it can travel N,S,W,E, etc. You'd need to surface to locate using an astrolabe, because currents would make it difficult to determine speed (hence how long to keep to a heading). Smells and sounds might help it recognize where it is, if it had been there before. And of course, perhaps it could follow a ship, assuming the ship made distinguishable sounds...", "302" ] ]

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[ [ "Love, Death & Robots: Automated Customer Service\nInfamously, I did not have the healthiest relationship with the first season of Love, Death, and Robots, only really liked maybe 2 out of the 18. TWO out of the EIGHTEEN.\nI had always admired the cutting edge animation of the show, and I still do. It's excellent, what more is there to say? But I always found each episode from the first season to be bland, shallow, on the nose, and somehow boring? I'm hoping for more out of this second season but so far its been the same lame ol dumb illumination level storytelling. A waste of the wonderful animation.", "292" ] ]

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[ [ "This problem can be solved in polynomial time by a product construction. Construct the graph $G^\\prime$ as follows:\n* The vertices of $G^\\prime$ are $(V \\times M) \\cup {#}$, i.e. all pairs of a vertex of $G$ and a state of $M$, together with an extra vertex identified by the arbitrary symbol $#$.\n* For each edge in $e \\in E$ from $v_1$ to $v_2$, add an edge in $G^\\prime$ from $(v_1, m_1)$ to $(v_2, m_2)$ with weight $w(e)$ if and only if there is an edge in $M$ from $m_1$ to $m_2$ that is labeled $\\ell(e)$.\n* For each accepting state $m$ in $M$, add an edge in $G^\\prime$ from $(t, m)$ to $#$ with weight 0.\nThen the shortest path in $G^\\prime$ from $(s, m_0)$ to $#$ (where $m_0$ is the initial state of $M$) gives the shortest path in $G$ from $s$ to $t$ matching $L(M)$.", "433" ], [ "There cannot be a negative cycle in $G^\\prime$, since dropping the $m$ states from the vertex labels would give a negative cycle in $G$, which we are assuming does not exist.\nThis also answers the question if $M$ is a DFA or regular expression instead of an NFA, since these can be converted to an equivalent NFA in polynomial time. We can also directly handle NFAs with $\\varepsilon$-transitions: if $M$ contains an $\\varepsilon$-transition from $m_1$ to $m_2$, add an edge in $G^\\prime$ with weight 0 from $(v, m_1)$ to $(v, m_2)$ for each $v \\in V$.\nFor fixed $M$, the product graph $G^\\prime$ has only linearly more vertices and edges than the original graph $G$. This means that any fixed problem of the form \"find the shortest path that visits edges in such-and-such order\", such as the problems linked in the question, can be solved just as fast as the ordinary shortest path problem asymptotically.\nAs an implementation detail, note that there is no need to actually write down the whole product graph in memory. The vertices and edges can be generated dynamically while running the shortest path algorithm, which allows unused vertices to be skipped entirely.", "433" ] ]

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[ [ "The Rest of the World Is Finally Noticing the Touristic Charms of Central Asia · Global Voices\nIrkht, Badakhshan, Tajikistan. Photo by <PERSON>. Used with permission\nThe glorious natural beauty of Central Asia is breathing some fresh air into the region's international reputation, so often sullied by the authoritarian rulers who hold power there.\nTajikistan ranked second on the list of fastest growing tourist destinations that the United Nations World Travel Organisation released recently, registering a whopping 94% increase in visitors during 2015.\nAnd a couple of weeks ago, Kyrgyzstan made it into UK newspaper the Financial Times‘ list of top seven travel destinations for 2016 according to industry insiders.\nThat the former Soviet Stans are attracting the attention of the world's media as undiscovered, exotic, virgin tourist destinations is a nice change for Central Asia, which more often than not appears in international media for instances of violence, military clashes, human rights abuse, economic collapses, and absurd laws.\nLast year, Global Voices profiled the stunning nature of Tajikistan in pictures and offered potential visitors a guide of the main spots to check out.", "148" ], [ "Now let's return to the topic and take a look at the magnificence of five Central Asian Stans, with the help of drone footage and promotional videos.\nKazakhstan\nThe ninth largest country in the world by area, Kazakhstan has much to offer, from its traditional nomadic culture and newly built capital Astana to its steppes, taiga and rock canyons.\nKyrgyzstan\nThe Financial Times has a few suggestions for its readers who visit Kyrgyzstan:\nHiking in the Tian Shan mountains, riding over the grass-covered steppes or mountain biking on ancient Silk Road routes, and staying in traditional yurts surrounded by wilderness.\nTajikistan\nFor nature lovers, the land of Tajikistan is 93% mountainous with ethereal alpine lakes dotted all over. For history buffs, the country's past is full of battles against invaders, starting from <PERSON> to <PERSON>. And for the spiritual, you can find the largest <PERSON> statue in nirvana, visit the ancient Zoroastrian temple, and speak the mother tongue of <PERSON>.\nTurkmenistan\nInternationally famous Akhal-Teke horses, first-class handmade carpets, desert and camels, cities peppered with golden statues – all that is in Turkmenistan, the country that possesses the world’s fourth largest natural gas reserves.\nUzbekistan\nBe charmed by the ancient cities of Bukhara and Samarqand, relive the history of past empires on the Silk Road stops, and meet both Turkic and Persian civilizations in Uzbekistan, often called the pearl of Asia.", "849" ] ]

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[ [ "Looking back at Feral Tribune, Croatia’s doomed but legendary satirical newspaper · Global Voices\nThe infamous Feral Tribune front pages with <PERSON> and <PERSON> from 1993; a 1995 version with Bosnian President <PERSON>. Photo courtesy by <PERSON> and <PERSON>, via BIRN.\nBalkan Insight has published a two-part series of articles about the history of Feral Tribune, a Croatian magazine that combined satire and investigative reporting to stand up to corruption and promote human rights during the turbulent years of war in former Yugoslavia.\nFounded in 1993 by a group of rebellious young journalists working to speak truth to power under the repressive regime of <PERSON>, Feral Tribune achieved legendary status across the region at a time when the press was generally expected to perform “patriotic” self-censorship in the service of nationalist political agendas.\nBut direct and indirect pressure from the government, including a hostile takeover of their initial publishing house by government cronies, and then a host of lawsuits and legal fees, caused the newspaper to lose its advertisers. It was ultimately forced to close down in 2008.\n15 years after it closed, Croatia's most famous satirical magazine, the ‘Feral Tribune’ remains a symbol of independent journalism.\nThis is the story of how this legendary anti-establishment outlet went up against Croatia's 1990s regime: https://t.co/ZZCD0nGY5M pic.twitter.com/c0QJ467mZV\n— <PERSON> (BIRN) (@BIRN_BTJ) July 2, 2018\nThe first part of the series explains the origins of Feral Tribune in the coastal city of Split, and how it achieved impact through uncompromising reporting from the field, shining light on the war crimes committed by people on all sides of the wars in Yugoslavia, and featuring front page caricatures that ridiculed the nationalist leaders of their own and neighboring countries.\nWhen the photo montages (above) were published, presenting the macho leaders of belligerent Croatia and Serbia, and later also Bosnia, lying in bed and embracing each other, they caused outrage in conservative circles.\nThe 1993 headline read “Is this what we were fighting for?” referring to the Croatian War of Independence. The 1995 version read “Is this what we were arguing for?” referring to the Dayton Peace Agreement.\nThe images were intended to reflect the popular opinion that the politicians were actually colluding with one another, perpetrating the wars as a way to accumulate power and other benefits. This position was later confirmed in a ruling of the International Criminal Court.\nIn retaliation, the Croatian government tried to force editor-in-chief <PERSON> to enlist in the army. His colleagues expressed fear that he may become a casualty of an unfortunate incident of friendly fire, publishing a front-page montage titled “Watch your back.” As explained by the publisher and journalist <PERSON> in this video, Croatian editors and journalists were exempt from army recruitment at that time. Under international media pressure <PERSON> was released from the army soon after.\nThe second part of the series narrates how Croatian authorities hit back against the iconic anti-establishment magazine, crippling the satirical publication’s finances with lawsuits and taxes, and ultimately forcing it to close in 2008.", "260" ], [ "This model of targeting critical media, which included intimidation of advertisers, was used repeatedly by repressive regimes across the Balkans in the 1990s and early 2000s. In 2007, Global Voices documented the final days of this struggle, as well as blogger reactions.\nIn 2012, as editor of Feral Tribune, <PERSON> received the Duško Kondor Award for Affirmation of Civil Courage. Another online resource that chronicled these events is “A Mirror of Evolving Society,” a short documentary filmed at the time, and published with English subtitles by the Bosnian educational charity Gariwo.\nIn the documentary, former Croatian president <PERSON> confirms that his predecessor <PERSON> had a direct telephone line with former Serbian president <PERSON> installed in his office.\nI remember buying my first copy of Feral Tribune in 1993 from a newsstand in Makarska. The exact cover escapes me, but its wild look and cutting humor were splashed across every page. Brilliant all the way round. I miss <PERSON>. 1964-2018.https://t.co/YohGs7t1Kj\n— <PERSON> (@_edinh) January 12, 2018\nFeral Tribune served as a model for independent newspapers in neighboring countries, such as Fokus from Skopje, established 1995, which faced similar challenges during the period of state capture in North Macedonia. Nevertheless, it survived and continues to use photo-montages and comics to satirize politicians.", "260" ] ]

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[ [ "Ultimate Kids Musicbox ESP32 Based\nIntroduction: Ultimate Kids Musicbox ESP32 Based\nThere are already some NFC jukeboxes.\nOff the shelf like those \"Toni\" boxes. For do-it-yourself: lots of instructables.\nThis device should cover as much as possible, which could come into question sometime and somehow.\nIt should have as few weak points as possible, (in which a 3-year-old could put things).\nEasy to use, easy to maintain and hard to destroy.\nAnd there I came across a project that uses an ESP32 as a base.\nIn addition a NFC reader, a small amplifier ... stuff.\nAnd all in a very sturdy box made of wood.\nNo openings, foolproof.\nNFC, WLAN, FTP, BT ... hellyeah :)\nHow loud at start, how bright, when go to sleep??? ... everything in one webinterface.\nSupplies\nBasicly you will need an ESP32.\nThere are many options. I've bought one with an build in sd-reader.\n* ttgo t8 v1.7 esp32 4MB PSRAM\nYou should look at least for PSRAM. Online-Radio works realy much better.\nAnd if i would build it againg, i would look for more RAM (to use the OTA feature).\nbiologist (https://forum.espuino.de/u/biologist) has some nice boards to solder all the stuff on it.\nI can highly recommend his boards (but you don't need them).\nDepending on which ESP you use, you still need an\n* SD reader module\nI would choose one with SD-MMC (over SPI) as it is considerably faster:\nSD_MMC:\nFTP (up): 3:57min => 298 kiB/s\nFTP (down): 3:45 => 314 kiB/s\nHTTP: 3:10min => 372 kiB/s\nSPI:\nFTP (up): 6:38 => 178 kiB/s\nFTP (down): 5:38 => 208 kiB/s\nHTTP: 6:24min => 184 kiB/s\nYou may need an external Power-Supply.", "382" ], [ "I'm using a quite special USB-Powerbank.\nIt delivers 3.3V and 5V with common ground. That makes wiring much simpler.\nhttps://de.aliexpress.com/item/4000112237395.html?spm=a2g0s.9042311.0.0.5d514c4dogsadB\nIf you use an external powerbank, however, you can no longer see the current battery status via the RGB LED ring.\nAs amplifier I use the classic \"Max\" from Adafruit.\n* https://de.aliexpress.com/item/<PHONE_NUMBER>.html\nBy the way, I operate it with 5Volt to get the full volume.\n* NFC-Reader (Arduino)\n* Rotary-Encoder\n* Arcade-Buttons, new LEDs\n* magnetic usb-loader\n* visaton speaker (4ohm)\n* wires, wires, wires\n* LED-RGB-Ring (i'm using 12 LEDs)\n* some transistors / mosfets / resistors\n* 9mm wood\nTools:\nIt depends on your skills and what you want to use as a box.\nI used a drill-press, jigsaw, miter-saw and a router. But...\nyou could also use an old speaker and put all electronics in it.\nStep 1: Software\nOK. One hurdle. Software.\n- Install Visual Studio Code (https://code.visualstudio.com/)\n- Insert Platformio (https://platformio.org/install/ide?install=vscode)\n- install Git (https://gitforwindows.org/)\n- clone the current state (git clone https://github.com/biologist79/ESPuino.git)\n* import this folder into Platformio as a project\n- learn a little bit about Visual Studio (crash course)\n- compile the first code several times and then push it to the ESP\nDetailed instruction if you get stucked: https://github.com/biologist79/ESPuino#getting-started\nAll compiling-options can be done at a later step. There are several tweaking-options.\nBut at first you should be able to compile and upload and to see a serial output.\nIf it worked, you are able to connect to the Wireless Access Point with its own webinterface, which will lead you through the WLAN configuration.\nNow it's time to get the hardware working. Power off your ESP and start with a breadboard.", "382" ] ]

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[ [ "Chimney Insert Replacement Clock\nIntroduction: Chimney Insert Replacement Clock\nWe bought a house in 2020 and have been working hard to fix it all up. The previous owners had a wood stove installed that we had to remove (they are no longer allowed in our area due to air quality issues), and the old inserts to the chimney were sticking out of the wall. Sure, I could have just removed and added a sheetrock patch, but the texture of our wall is difficult to match. As I've stared at this eyesore for a few months, I got to thinking that it was the perfect size and location for a clock - and we needed one in the living room anyways! All it took was a little 3D printing, spray paint and some reused items to get it looking much better.\nIn this project I will describe how you can reuse/reclaim a chimney insert to make it into a clock and beautify your living room.\nSupplies\nThis project didn't really require much in the way of tools or supplies. You'll need the following to do exactly like I did mine, but to be honest your insert will likely differ as mine is old and they are all different - as always, use what you have when possible!\n* Old chimney insert vanity ring\n* Scrap of flat metal - thin steel works best\n* A clock mechanism - I highly recommend a \"high torque\" version for a clock of this size - I purchased this one and really like it\n* 12 gauge bicycle spokes\n* Numbers - I purchased and 3D printed these numbers from Cults 3D for an art deco look, there are many free 3D printed numbers out there or you can buy some pre-made ones too\n* 3D printed clock hand attachments or large clock hands\n* Spray paint\n* Tin snips\n* Drill and drill bits\n* JB Weld or rivets\n* E6000 or similar adhesive\n* Hammer\n* Center punch\n* (Optional) hammer drill and Tapcon screws\n* Scrap of insulation\nStep 1: Remove Chimney Insert and Vanity Ring\nI removed the ring first to kind of lay things out and get a feel for the scale and size of what I would need to print, purchase and make, then screwed it back on so I didn't have a gaping hole in my wall for weeks. When you are ready to commit you'll want to take out the sleeve insert and remove the ring from the wall. The sleeve on mine was lightly mortared into the concrete blocks of the chimney - some minor chisel and hammer work freed it right up to pull out, and the ring was just screwed into the wall with three screws and is a separate piece from the sleeve. There was a bit of insulation around the insert that I just took out and threw away as I was going to replace with a scrap of insulation from another project to fill the whole gap.\nAs you can see above, if you have a wood stove GET IT CLEANED REGULARLY! If we had tried to use this stove, it may have burned down the house - all elements of the pipe were almost completely clogged, and you can see some melting of the creosote where it almost caught fire. Holy cow this is dangerous.\nStep 2: 3D Print Numbers and Clock Hand Adapters\nIf you are 3D printing numbers, you should get a feel for how big they need to be and what color will work best.", "972" ], [ "My wife and I couldn't agree on gold vs white so we made a compromise - I printed the 12, 3, 6 and 9 in gold and the rest in white - it turned out very nice! I paid for and downloaded these art deco numbers from Cults 3D - I like them a lot. You can print whatever number style matches your decor or preferences best. I used PLA and 0.2mm layer height.\nFor the clock hands, I could have found some that worked okay for the size of this clock, but it was difficult to find any that I liked or that matched the measurements of the clock diameter. I used to work in a bike shop and love bikes, so really wanted to use bicycle spokes as the hands. To do this, I designed the attached bits to fit around the hour hand shaft and minute hand shaft, and allow for some bicycle spokes to thread into the hole. Print at the highest resolution your printer will achieve, smaller layer heights are better. I printed in PLA, slightly warmed them with a hot air gun, and threaded the spokes right in - no glue needed.\nThese are meant for the specific clock mechanism I purchased - you may need to modify for your purposes, as they come in different sizes. They are designed for 12 gauge spokes. Clip the spokes down so that the bent end is removed and they are the length you desire for your clock's diameter. One will be short for the hour hand, the other longer for the minute hand.", "276" ] ]

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[ [ "The year is 20somethingorother. Skynet has completed its domination of the human species, and the few remain----\nOh, hell with it. It's the apocalypse and you're the humans trying to kill your new robot overlords. Good? Good. Go watch The Terminator and Terminator 2: Judgment Day if you want more backstory, but it's basically about robots and the humans who run from them. I'll wait.\n*waits*\nPretty cool, huh? That scene with the semi truck crashing off the overpass into the L.A. wash still gets me. Trust me, you can ignore literally every Terminator film other than the first two, as they're just extended exercises in creating plot holes from the first two films that didn't exist beforehand, and in the most boring way possible. They're garbage.\nANYWAY.\nEnter Terminator: Genisys: Rise of the Resistance. It's a sci-fi dungeon crawler, no mistake, and plays like a cross between Gears of War and Warhammer Quest: Blackstone Fortress. And this is a very, very good thing.\nYou'll pick a character (two or more if you're playing solo), slap a gun or two and maybe a piece of equipment on them, then set up the map and plop down some mission objectives at predetermined spots. Proceed through the map hitting your objectives, gunning down killer robots as they spawn, until you complete the overall mission objective.\nWow, that sounds way more boring than I'd intended.", "900" ], [ "Maybe I can pique your interest with a numbered list of things that make this game so much better than you'd think? Let's call said list...\nFive Things I Think About Terminator: Genisys: Rise Of The Resistance, Which I Will Henceforth Refer To As Terminator, Because Come The @#$% On\nNumber The First: Like WQ: Blackstone Fortress, Terminator uses action dice to tell you what you can do each turn. Each character (solo requires you pilot at least two, and it's a breeze) on their turn rolls 4 of their colored d6, and then slots them - and this is key - one at a time depending on what action they want to take. Here's an example of a character with dice slotted:\nHere's the <PERSON> character with a few dice slotted. No, he doesn't look like <PERSON>, because of the stupid Genisys movie.\nAll characters have four standard action boxes they can fill with dice: Move, Rest, and Interact (helpfully, you get two Move boxes, because as mentioned, Terminator is fundamentally about running). Slot a \"3\" die in your move box, move 3 spaces. Slot a die in a Rest space and you heal a wound or revive another comrade. Plunk one down in the Interact space and maybe you'll open a supply crate or unlock a door (the value needed to Interact changes based on what you're trying to do).\nBut then maybe you want to shoot a killer robot in the face, yes? You'll need to spend one of your dice to do that too, and depending on your weapon you can get some very nice bonuses if your die is high enough. Spend a 5 or 6 on that plasma rifle and you can re-roll your damage. Spend a 6 on that Mk. II shottie and roll extra damage, that sort of thing.\nOooh, but didn't that blast door require a 6 in the Interact space to open? And don't you need to move a long way this turn to get to that next objective? And while you're at it, aren't you at 1 health remaining and could really use a rest? Oh, and isn't this your last die of the round before the clankers get to shoot lasers at you?\nHey, nobody said the apocalypse was gonna be easy.\nSo between your standard die slots, special character power, equipment, and weapons there's a fair few places to put those dice, and suddenly four of them won't ever be enough each turn.\nDelightfully, though, you only spend your dice one at a time, so you can react to your failure and success mid-turn. Didn't quite manage to down the H/K with your first shot? Eh, we'd planned on opening a crate, but it's probably worth it to take another shot instead, presuming you've got another slot open for a die on your gun.\nNiiiiiiice. You can only shoot once per turn with this weapon because it's only got one die slot, but if you spend a 2, 3, or 4 in that slot then you get a free attack with another weapon you have equipped using that same die value. Go get 'em, <PERSON>!", "50" ] ]

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[ [ "There are a couple of issues here.\n1. A pink (#FF00FF) object appears pink not because each atom is pink (there is no wavelength of light that is perceived to be the same pink by the ordinary human eye. What is happening is that a pink object is emitting (or reflecting) light of multiple wavelengths that enter the eye and are detected and processed to allow us to perceive its colour as pink. One single atom, therefore, would not be able to appear to us as pink under ordinary conditions because it will not emit photons of the appropriate wavelengths rapidly enough that we see no oscillation but a steady pink.\n2. Even for colours that correspond to a single wavelength of light, we would need a significant number of atoms before it emits enough photons to form a stable statistical distribution of wavelengths (called an emission spectrum), which we can then perceive and compare to the colours that we have previously experienced. How many atoms are needed would of course depend on the rate of emission, which is proportional to the power output. For reflection it would depend largely on the intensity of light incident on the object.\n3. And of course, molecules, complexes and macromolecular structures can have very different spectra compared to their individual constituent atoms, because the energy levels for electrons change drastically when bonds are formed (or broken). For example aqueous $Fe^{3+}$ is yellow while aqueous $Fe^{2+}$ is green, while solid $Fe_2O_3$ is reddish-brown.\n4. Only about 10% of the light incident on the eye actually makes it through to the retina.", "970" ], [ "Even those that strike the retina may not be detected.\n5. A human eye has receptors called cones and rods. Incidentally, a rod can actually respond to a single photon that strikes an active molecule in it, ultimately triggering an electrical pulse down the optic nerve. A cone is theoretically able to respond to a single photon as well, but for the below reason a single photon is never enough for us to see its 'colour'.\n6. Each cone absorbs incident photons of different frequencies with different probabilities. This is precisely how we can see many colours using only 3 types of cones, because light of different wavelengths can be distinguished by how much they are absorbed by each type of cone.\n(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1416_Color_Sensitivity.jpg)\nBut since a photon can only be absorbed by a single cone, it also implies that the retina plus brain needs many photons from the same source before it can get a statistical picture of absorption by the 3 types of cones, which it then interprets as a colour. This is the main reason we need thousands of photons from a point source before we can clearly distinguish its colour from that of other objects. The lower the intensity of light, the harder it is for us to distinguish colours. And note that we perceive the combination of pure red and pure green light (namely the combination of light of two different frequencies) the same way we perceive pure yellow light (of the appropriate single frequency), because they result in the same absorption profile for the three types of cones.\n1. Rods are much denser than cones, except in the fovea where there are nearly no rods, and hence one can see better around the central spot when in the dark. In the fovea, the 'Blue'-sensitive cones (S cones) are also rarer than the other two types at about 5%, whereas the 'Red'-sensitive cones (L cones) number about 50% to 75%.\nThe net effect is that you need something like 100,000 photons from the same point incident on your eye before you can perceive its colour at the normal human accuracy, even more for blue light.\nAnd finally there is Rayleigh scattering in the Earth's atmosphere, which scatters 'violet' light (400nm wavelength) about $7$ times as strongly as red light (650nm wavelength).", "970" ] ]

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[ [ "The Complicated Mess That Is Pakistan International Airlines’ Privatisation · Global Voices\nPIA employees protest outside Islamabad airport. Photo Courtesy: Awami Workers Party Facebook Page\nThe government's plan to privatise Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), the country's national carrier, as part of a deal with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), has touched off conversations around the country not only about the financial wisdom of doing so, but also about police brutality, corruption and workers’ rights.\nTwo people were killed in protests against the privatisation in Karachi, where police used aggressive force to break up the gathering. Beforehand, Pakistanis and opposition parties were already questioning the ruling party PMLN's management of the airline and wondering what would become of PIA workers. Not to mention the poor quality of the airline from a customer service perspective.\nThe proposed privatisation has touched a nerve in a variety of ways. Let's take a look at a few of them.\nOh, how the mighty have fallen\nOnce considered amongst the best airlines in the region, PIA has plummeted to below standard service and passengers have continued to complain. Blogger <PERSON> recounts her experience:\nPhoto: #PIA #Sucks – waiting since 30 mins but no sign of luggage 😡 (at Allama Iqbal International Airport) http://t.co/lZBaPiZOsn\n— <PERSON> (@Alizay_A) January 18, 2015\nDelays seem to be a pattern with PIA, as <PERSON> points out:\n@AirportPakistan‘s tweets regarding flight cancellations and delays just show how much #PIA sucks\n— <PERSON> (@enspec) April 26, 2014\nThe travel horror stories have long been circulated, <PERSON> says:\nHeard so many people tell so many horror stories about #PIA recently.", "182" ], [ "What's been done to the national flag carrier is terrible.\n— <PERSON> (@AhmerMurad) December 26, 2013\nBut does consistent bad service mean there's no option but to privatise? According to media reports, the reasoning boils down to hefty losses. During the first two quarters of 2015 alone, the airline was at loss of about 80 billion rupees (about 1.1 billion US dollars).\nNational Assembly Member <PERSON>, who belongs to the ruling party PMLN, has been defending the government's decision to privatise on social media. <PERSON> tweeted:\nThis why gov is privatizing #PIA it has thousands of employees it can't afford #PIAStrike pic.twitter.com/puUFfEgZeu\n— <PERSON> (@MaizaHameed) February 4, 2016\n‘All working class people should unite’\nEmployees are deeply upset over authorities’ decision, as they fear loss of jobs as a result of a possible corporate takeover. Organisations and political parties focused on workers’ rights feel that the decision to privatise is being dictated under a condition of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) loan programme:\n<PERSON>: “All working class people should unite against the IMF-dictated privatization plan” #PIAStrike pic.twitter.com/nocsV6Xukw\n— AWP Islamabad (@AWPIslamabad) February 3, 2016\nThe past few years PIA workers have gone on strike multiple times on various issues ranging from working conditions to wages. Last week, February 2, 2016, the Joint Action Committee of PIA Employees announced a strike after negotiations with government officials collapsed. Workers gathered at Benazir Bhutto International Airport, Islamabad and Quaid-e-Azam International Airport, Karachi, starting a sit-down that lasted six days and saw the death of two PIA staffers.\nProtest of PIA Employees at Benazir Bhutto International Airport against PIA Privatization … #mohafizalert pic.twitter.com/aNamL51leT\n— <PERSON> (@MohafizOfficial) February 1, 2016\nAwami Workers Party also joined the sit in at Benazir Bhutto Airport, singing in protest with the workers:\nIn solidarity, netizens pointed out that the ruling party, now overseeing this privatisation plan, was once itself against the privatisation while in opposition:\n“Those protesting against PIA Privatization are against Pakistan”—PMNS\nLook who's talking😱👇😱#IsupportPIAprotestors pic.twitter.com/lKLqG3BQRD\n— Aasia Ishaque (@aasia_ishaque) February 2, 2016\n‘Absurdly fascistic handling by govt’\nIn order to disperse the crowd, authorities swiftly began crack down on protests.", "182" ] ]

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[ [ "Scribing Post to Stone - NOW WITH MORE SHOU SUGI BAN!\nIntroduction: Scribing Post to Stone - NOW WITH MORE SHOU SUGI BAN!\nScribing and carving a wooden post to fit a stone is an old art...really old… likely thousands of years old. It is a gorgeous way to support a building that likely meets no modern building code, despite the fact that the oldest standing timber structures use this method. The process is time consuming, can be frustrating, and is totally worth trying.\nDo I want to build a giant structure that can stand for 2000 yrs? Of course I do, just like I want to build a castle. But, alas, lacking an army of serfs to do my bidding... my more reasonable wife suggested I start on a smaller scale.\nSo for this Instructable I tried my hand at scribing a single post to a totally uneven stone and then given it the Shou Sugi Ban treatment, with a flamethrower. In the end I have created a very good looking address post\nOR as my wife so eloquently **snarkily** described it, \"a very nice burnt log on a rock\"\nSo read on!\nSupplies\nSince this was for the hand tool only contest i have used... hand tools only. It would go way quicker with plug ins.\nAt a minimum you will need:\npost\nstone\nhatchet\nchisel\nmallet\nscribe\npencil\nsource of flame\nwire brush\nStep 1: Seek and Ye Shall Find\nFind a post and a stone.\nI suggest a stone larger than the post. My first stone *shown above* would have been a bit much I think for a trial run. If you want the post to last, pick a stone that allows water to drain away from the post. My log was Pine cut this year, the stone was from a delivery of 100 Tons of stones that I was not quite expecting to be quite this big, but that’s a different story. I had a lot to choose from...\nStep 2: Plumbob Squarelog\nIf you have your stone in its final location you are good to go. It doesn’t have to be oriented any specific way other than to allow water to drain away from the post. I was planning to move my stone later but the bottom was flat so I considered it easy enough to move and maintain the orientation. Stand your post upon the log and plumb it up.", "812" ], [ "Look at the unsightly gaps! A peasant wouldn’t even use this abomination of a post. Not only is it ugly, it's also guaranteed to fall over at this point. That is a poor design for a structure.\nI used stone chips from a previous project trying to carve a stone to log to wedge the post plumb. Most people would use a couple of staked 2x4’s to prop up the post,. 2x4’s would have been better. More on that later.\nMark the stone and post with some reference marks. You will need these later.\nStep 3: So… You Can Make This If You’re Cheap\nBut I would probably buy one if you’re deciding to make a living doing this… You will need a scribe.\nI took some scrap bamboo and created a sort of compass thing then taped a pencil to it. On top of this I used a tiny level I found on the garage floor. Was it pretty? Nooooo. Did it function? Certainly well enough for a couple posts, it isn’t the most durable thing though.\nStep 4: <PERSON>\nTake your makeshift scribe-like-object put the level on it.\nTouch the pencil to the log and the lower compass part to the stone just below the log.\nNow run it slowly around the perimeter of the log KEEPING THE BUBBLE LEVEL.\nIf you don’t keep the bubble level you might as well just eyeball the whole project. The level is what keeps it all inline and on the same plane. You are transferring all of the contours of the stone onto the log so the two fit together like they were made that way. This is where my granite shim idea was shown to be less ideal. I had to jump the scribe up over the stone chips to get it all the way around and then go back and freehand those couple spots – It was not the best.\nStep 5: Power Tools, Where Art Thou?\nSince this was for a “handtool” only instructable contest (VOTE FOR ME) I forbade myself the pleasure of wearing muffs and eyepro and covering myself in sawdust. Instead I relied on a chisel and hatchet for the grunt work. There are several steps here\n1.) Chisel the penciled scribe line all the way around\n2.", "353" ] ]

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[ [ "How can a colony of teleporters make the most money while keeping their teleporation a secret?\nThe Situation\nA colony of 100 teleporters (between the ages of 20-40) have been hidden away living like monks for 1000's of years to prevent their detection.\nWith the death of their old leader, a young new leader takes control and wishes to push the colony out into society and break the shackles of the boring monotonous mountain lifestyle.\nThe new leader has some very clear initial goals. In order of importance, he wants to:\n1. Retain the absolute secrecy of the colony. No one must know that the colony exists or that they are teleporters\n2. Do everything ethically responsibly1 and sustainably (this operation should be able to keep running even if he needs to step away for a few weeks)\n3. Have each of the 100 teleporters make at least \\$100,000/yr (or collectively have the colony make >\\$10,000,000/yr)\n4. The colony members must all be free during key times of the week, so time-sensitive jobs are only good if the time can be planned in advance.\nAs the teleporters have been living in the mountains their whole lives, they don't have many skills to offer society. While the new leader considered having them work office jobs, after several brutal interviews he's decided the only answer is their teleportation.\nThe Teleportation\nEach teleporter has a finite number of base teleports a day before they become too tired to continue teleporting.", "205" ], [ "This base number is found by having each member teleport a 10lb box 100 miles repeatedly. The colony members' base teleports range between 100-300 teleports/day. A teleport of distance $d$ miles carrying an object weighing $w$ pounds would use $d/100 \\cdot w/1$ base teleports of the 100-300 (if $w \\lt 1$, $w$ gets rounded up to 1).\nie. A trip from San Diego to New York (~2700mi) carrying 5lbs would burn $2700/100 \\cdot 5/1 = 135$ base teleports and would likely leave them too tired to teleport much more for the rest of the day.\nIn practice this means a teleporter can make tens of thousands of teleports a day from the couch to the kitchen to grab a cookie, but could probably only make 2-3 teleports a day with a new car between neighboring cities.\nThings to Note\n* The technology level (currently) is that of modern (real-world) Earth.\n* While the colony is removed from society, they have been keeping tabs from afar. A group of elites does scheduled reconnaissance--picking up newspapers and going to libraries to use the internet, so the colony has knowledge of the outside world.\nThe Question\nWhat is the best way for these teleporters to make this amount of money ethically and sustainably while also keeping the secret about their teleporation?\n1. I've chosen \"ethically responsibly\" over \"legally\" given the audience here on World Building :) By this, I essentially mean avoid outright stealing or killing for the money. Clearly the books will have to be cooked and lies will have to be told to hide the teleportation. I'll be adding to this footnote to patch any other ethical loopholes found.", "130" ] ]

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[ [ "Italian Grilled Cheese Sandwich\nIntroduction: Italian Grilled Cheese Sandwich\nThis is my simple take on an Italian Grilled Cheese Sandwich. What makes it Italian you ask? I use garlic butter on the bread and mozzarella cheese.\nSupplies\nBread\nButter\nGarlic\nMozerella Cheese\nMarinera Sauce\nOregeno\nKnife\nGarlic Press\nCutting Board\nStove top\nGriddle or Pan\nStep 1:\nI use French Bread from the local grocery store's Bakery. It's baked fresh daily and taste delicious. I cut two 3/4 inch slices of bread. It can be a thicker or thinner slice it doesn't really matter it will still be good.\nI make some garlic butter using 2 cloves of garlic that I squeeze through my garlic press in to a small bowl. I then add 2 tablespoons of room temperature salted butter to the minced garlic and stir it together.\n*I prefer salted butter but unsalted will also work.\nStep 2:\nThis, in my opinion is the main take away from this Instructable. Butter all 4 sides of the bread I recommend this for regular grilled cheese as well it just adds a really nice crispy-ness to the bread.\nStep 3:\nI don't measure the cheese I just put aside what I think will fit in between the bread. You can always add more when it comes time to grill it. I also like to use a bit of marinara sauce (about 2 tablespoons) to add a little bit of tomato-ey tang to the sandwich. The sauce in the pic is just leftover from our pasta night.\nStep 4:\nIn our house we have a dedicated pan for tortillas and grilled cheese, that's all that we make on that pan. I heat the pan to a medium low heat and place both slices down on the pan. You don't want it too hot because you will be leaving the bread on the pan for a while to make sure the cheese gets nice and melted.", "808" ], [ "So its better to error on the lower temperature side than the higher.\nStep 5:\nI listen to the butter sizzling when it stops sizzling then I check the bread to make sure it is nice and toasted. We are only toasting one side at this time this will be the inside of the sandwich. Once the bread is nice and golden brown remove them from the pan and place on a plate. Next add a smear of marinara sauce to both pieces of bread then add the cheese to one piece only. This is optional but I like to add a dash of dried Oregano to the cheese, I really love the mozzarella and Oregano combination so add it but you can leave it out.\nStep 6:\nNext place the loaded bread slice back on the pan and top with the other slice. Let it grill for a little while and then use a spatula to press down on the bread. You don't want to make it completely flat you just want it to compress the bread and get even browning. The pressing also results in a nice crispy crust on the bread which gives you a really nice bite. Once the first side is nice and golden brown flip the sandwich and press the other side as well. Once both sides are cooked to your satisfaction remove from the pan and let it cool for a minute or two, the cheese will be very hot so your patience will be rewarded.\nStep 7:\nOnce its cooled, enjoy it just like that or slice it and revel in the gooey-aucity of the mozerella cheese-ness. This is one of those sandwiches that can make a bad day just fade away. I hope you all will try making this sandwich I don't think you will be disappointed.", "692" ] ]

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[ [ "3D Printed Vase With Hidden Compartment\nIntroduction: 3D Printed Vase With Hidden Compartment\nHello makers.\nI want to design something to hide my Things but People can't doubt that.\nSo, I design a Flower vase to hide my things at the bottom of the Vase.\nI design a Hidden compartment at bottom of the vase to hide my things.\nSupplies\n1>Laptop or computer for design\n2>3D printer access\n3>Some hand tool for post process\n4>Flower and Clay\nStep 1: Ideation\nI want something which is visible normally but We can hide our things inside. I can find Flower vases that are easier to make and shown as regular things.\nWe can Make hidden compartment at the bottom to hide things.\nThanks to 3D print, this technology gives us flexibility to design almost anything and print in real life.\nStep 2: Design in Fusion360\nSelect vase design from the internet.\nI make my own Hexagonal pattern vase using fusion360.\n* First, make a hexagon 100 mm. offset 2mm inside.\n* Extrude it 20mm.\n* Use an offset plane and place it 80mm above the plane.\n* Draw hexagon and 2mm offset hexagon .\n* Select Hexagons and move it 60 degrees for making a twisted Shape.\n* Use LOFT command to join both hexagon.\n* Repeat to make another Hexagon on top side to make a double decker hexagon shape.\n* Use the SHELL command to define thickness 2mm.\n* Make a circular Hidden compartment for the bottom.\n* Make Slit to Hide and Lock circular compartment at bottom side.\nExport all 3 Part in .STL file for 3D printing.\nStep 3: 3D Print Model\nUse Slicing software to Make g-code files for 3D printers.\nUse Below parameters for a good Print.\nLayer height: 0.2mm\nInfill:30%\nWall Count: 3\nSupport: Yes\nMaterial :PLA\nBuild plate Adhesion: No\nUse Hand tools like Pliers and Cutter to remove Support from printed models.\nStep 4: Hide Your Secrets Things Inside.\nUse Feviquick or other adhesive to join top and Bottom parts.\nAdd clay in vase and Flowers.\nPlace anywhere you want.\nI use this Vase to hide my Home key at garden.so, i place this vase in between other plants and hide my Key inside the compartment.\nAnother use is to hide money in hidden compartments and palace vases on the computer table or in the living room.\nAnyone can see this but not steal your money or not access your things.\nEnjoy Hiding !", "110" ] ]

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