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[ [ "Portrait of a Lady on Fire\nThe Mutual Cinematic Education of José and Camilo #33 (<PERSON>’s Choice)\n“He chooses the memory of her. That's why he turns.”\nThe safe haven created by love that’s inevitably bound to be intruded upon by the outside world, by the oppressive systems in place that feel intent on sniffing out what little joy we get to feel. It’s in the face of such an insurmountable tragedy that we only have two choices: either we become one more sad story, or we relish in that devastation and do those larger than life feelings justice.\nHad <PERSON> not turned around, his love and <PERSON>’s would have stayed between them. In calling out for him, <PERSON> made sure their love would survive them.\nHow ironic, then, that <PERSON> seals her own immortality by refusing, albeit unknowingly, to turn around to face <PERSON>.", "295" ], [ "She knows she’s already doomed to the Underworld, there is no saving their love story. So there she is, reliving those moments by way of the music <PERSON> showed her, the only way to make it through her death in life. She knows this too will pass, but that her portraits will live forever.\n“He doesn't make the lover's choice, but the poet's.”\nOne must imagine <PERSON> happy.\n<PERSON>’s thoughts:\nPortrait takes all the elements of a masterful period piece to tell an unabashedly political, radical, engagée love story between an emancipated artist and her aristocratic, tomboyish subject. The robes, the color palettes, the Woolfian seaside scenes, are all at the service of the intense seduction between <PERSON> and <PERSON>. Distancing itself from XVIII century ideas of love, passion and intimacy (voire, Les Liasons Dangereuses or the works of the Marquis de Sade), and almost preceding in time the great works that invented intimacy (<PERSON>, <PERSON>) in the XIXth, Portrait creates a state of exception, un état d’exception where the acts of love and art (the regard) are re examined by these powerful, subversive women.\n<PERSON> the poet, formerly a lover, makes a choice for us all, as at the end our heart breaks as her lover, this universally elegant creature, this déése, never faces her again as she lets herself be engulfed by the flames of <PERSON>’s Summer Tempest, in yet another perfect metaphorical representation of a young woman being consumed by fire.", "464" ] ]

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[ [ "Commands & Colors: Napoleonics\nA game for 2 players designed by <PERSON>\n\"There are but two powers in the world, the sword and the mind. In the long run the sword is always beaten by the mind.\" <PERSON>\nIntroduction\nHello and welcome to the latest edition of Roger's Reviews. I've been playing board games since I was a wee lad and wargames for over thirty years. I've long been a fan of <PERSON> engaging and easy to absorb commands and colors system. Of the games that use the same or at least very similar core mechanics I've also played Battle Cry, Memoir '44 and Battlelore.\nCommands & Colors: Napoleonics (C&C:N) is a tactical battlefield game pitting two players against one another in a Napoleonic setting. As with other games in this series, hand management is key to your success. Good tactics and the occasional lucky die roll don't hurt either!\nComponents\nCommands & Colors: Napoleonics comes in the 3\" deep GMT box and it is simply packed with components.The box weighs a little over 4.5lbs in no small part due to the large number of wooden blocks that come with the game.\nBlocks blocks blocks!\nComplementing the nice wooden blocks is a beautiful green mounted map board with the name of the game in the centre of the map. I'm used to seeing the name of the game on a wargame map, but it is a little unusual to see it so centrally placed here. It immediately made me think of various indoor sport leagues having the team's logo in the centre of the playing area. No need to fret though, it doesn't detract at all from playing the game, and it'll often be covered by terrain tiles anyways.\nThe battle arena!\nSpeaking of terrain tiles, the base game comes with 56 double sided terrain tiles showing everything from forests to rivers to be used in the fifteen scenarios that come in the playbook. There is also a deck of 70 cards with the various commands you'll be able to use in your quest for victory, 8 dice, rules, the aforementioned scenario playbook, various player aids and many many sheets of stickers. I admit up front that having terrain tiles rather than separate scenario maps both allows for the very nice mounted map board and ability to create your own scenarios (if you're so inclined) as well as reducing costs for artwork and separate maps. However, I find having to sort and place terrain tiles on the map somewhat of a nuisance; this is one of those uncommon instances where I would actually have preferred individual paper scenario maps like in the Combat Commander series.\nThe box is packed full of Napoleonic gaming goodness!\nHere's a key difference between the other games in the Borg family and the Commands & Colors (C&C) series (either Ancients or Napoleonics).", "92" ], [ "Whereas Battle Cry et al have plastic miniatures to represent the units, the two C&C series use wooden blocks which require a sticker on both sides (as they'll be upright and visible to both players). The resultant armies are lovely to look at, in many ways easier to sort and store than miniatures, but be prepared my friends to spend literally hours getting your armies all set up. The dice are likewise blank and you have to put stickers on the six faces. There is a guide in the rule book on how to distribute these stickers for those who want specific guidance.\nA note about the blocks and stickers: be prepared to devote several hours of painstaking effort to get all your blocks finished on both sides. It took me around four hours to get it all done.\nSorting blocks by color.\nThe first stickers are applied!\nThe French army begins its rassemblement.\nProgress!\nThe French army is complete!\nOf course, it's not strictly necessary to do all your blocks. You could use one block of each type and sufficient blank blocks to fill the units strength. You could also lay them flat which would only require stickers on one side. So, if you're keen to get playing sooner rather than later, you can use this handy shortcut. Just don't expect that you won't have to eventually get all your blocks finished.\nOn the right, two alternatives to putting stickers on everything.\nThe dice need to have stickers applied too.\nA note of caution. that once you get all those stickers on their blocks and the terrain tiles punched out you'll have a Tetris-like challenge getting everything back into the box. Many people resort to external storage solutions for the C&C sets. For instance, my friend <PERSON> stores his complete C&C Ancients series in a large Plano tackle box, with all the various armies sorted by type in their own compartments. The organizational effort is well worth it and will pay off time and again for setting up a game.\nEverything in ziploc baggies. It all fits though!", "84" ] ]

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[ [ "How to become a successful music producer/ beat maker\never just sitting down, and a great idea for an instrumental comes to your head, but you do not know the basics of music production to even put is down? Well, here’s how you can make your ideas into your career.\nStep 1: buy a computer. Preferably a laptop for beginners. It should be at least 8gig RAM, 500gig HDD, 2.5gHz min processor with at least 2 cores.\nStep 2: find a music production course online, this could be a free course or a paid course. Suggestions include: mixxin academy, YouTube: in the mix channel, fl studio beginners guide, soundgym e.t.c.\nStep 3: choose a digital audio workstation, DAW (the beat making software), buy and download. Or just download, if it is a free software. The option of DAW could be based on the one used by the lessons you are taking.\nStep 4: getting important supporting gears, e.g. reference headset, midi keyboard. These are the most important.\nStep 5: train yourself using videos tutorials, making sure to learn the basics within one week.", "897" ], [ "After then, produce at least 5 songs per day, every week day as you learn more coolest feature. It is better to follow tutorials made with genres same as what you want to produce. Training should be at least for 6 months.\nNB: investing in a paid cloud service is a good idea. Your laptop could get broken, or stolen, but a cloud drive is more secured and can be accessed from other computers.\nStep 6: set up a port folio, and begin making original beats. Place your beats on sites like YouTube and TikTok to gain attention, and on SoundCloud for sales. You can also get a website, this will allow you more organization to your portfolio. Once in a while, give out free beats to everyone, also host verse competitions and give the winner a free premium beat.\nStep 7: establish an LLC to become legit, this will make you confident in putting better price on your art work, And also make your business established.\nNB: getting a lawyer to explain music business to you in-depth is a good idea. This will aid in avoiding any issues with the government in terms of tax, and also any civil claims with respect to plagiarism or copyright issues, especially in the case of sampling others’ beat.", "897" ] ]

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[ [ "My Kid Could Paint That\nF for Fake: Redux.\nMy Kid Could Paint That wraps up the always-intriguing mystery of art forgery with the plebian but never-ending debate over the legitimacy of contemporary abstract art. If either of those questions intrigue you, this documentary will work, but I think there are YouTube video essays I’ve seen that are more insightful takes on both questions. I also know that, given the fact that I live with a museum worker, both questions are kind of...played out, at least to my ears. They’re interesting in a way that is very entry-level, but anyone with any previous interest in art, the art market, and art forgery will find <PERSON>’s story to be ironically paint-by-numbers.\nA large portion of the blame for why this feels uninteresting goes to the director, who, in my view, injects so much of himself into the narrative that the bias conquers the film, and validates the leading questions.", "862" ], [ "I think what the film starts out as - a portrait of a protege as a young woman - is much more intriguing. Does it matter if they’re 100% her ideas? To my mind, no, because the point of the film isn’t about the greatness of a protege, but rather the development, and even the greatest of artists are “taught” to a degree. What My Kid Could Paint That is showing is the teaching process, but by conflating “teaching” with “forgery,” I think the documentary tries to appeal to the lowest common denominator while ignoring the nature of artistic development.\nWhat I want is a followup with <PERSON>, who seems to still paint, but largely as a sort of half-hobbyist half-professional, and I think without a true arc post-documentary, what we have is a very biased,very basic portrait of the artist at a young age that insists that there is no artist, which clearly isn’t true, 15 years forward. All views I disagree with, and, like the questions asked, that I find troublingly simplistic.\nDoes that mean this is a bad documentary? Not at all, especially because forgery, to me, is interesting, even if I think it’s a bad reading here. What I think is that My Kid is a very base documentary, and believe that, while it works as a starting point if you’ve never confronted these questions before, I personally think there are more interesting ways to ask these questions, and more interesting answers to be found.", "80" ] ]

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[ [ "With modern technology, you have explosives and landmines.\nLandmines already have a proven history of being lethal centuries after being placed. You could use fragmentation weapons, which would more or less leave the Temple itself unharmed, or you could just have an 11,000 lb bomb instead of a rolling boulder trap. Best case: the adventurer makes it to the treasure, and then is atomized immediately and without warning. Worst case: the bomb goes off prematurely, taking the treasure and structure with it, thus preventing the removal of the (intact) treasure.\nThis is an especially good strategy since many explosives of that age no longer rely on electrical signals, as those have decayed long ago. Instead, the merest suggestion of movement is often enough to set one off, meaning that its trigger is literally tied to the explosive itself.\nThis also has the potential benefit of being reusable. If cluster style munitions are used, not only is the explosive extremely lethal itself, it has a tendency to spread some of the unexploded material around the trap room(called UXOs). This behavior occurs anyway despite cluster weapons not being specifically designed to do so, meaning trap weapons like these could be designed to last a much longer time, with them also designed to sling UXOs deliberately and in a more calculated manner. So as long as you have some of the original mines still left, you have a sort of self healing minefield.", "523" ], [ "One adventurer could stumble upon the place, trigger three mines and be killed, and the UXOs would spread to cover the same area and kill another adventurer 50 years later.\nIn terms of ancient technology, I'll exclude magic as it tends to be able to generate plenty of its own handwavium anyway. One of the best ancient strategies is stealth. Placing traps will prevent access to the treasure, but doing so means that any survivors or casualties will be tipped off to the potential value of this ruin. Besides, no self respecting Tomb architect places traps willy nilly.\nThe ruin being inconspicuous and in a remote place will go a long way to preventing the treasure from being found and will help the traps last longer. (Even the mightiest fortress or the cleverest trap will not last forever against a sustained assault.) Having a fake treasure room with a few traps and a significantly less valuable treasure is a good way of faking out adventurers into thinking they have already found the treasure. As for secret doors and fake walls, its almost better to adhere to K.I.S.S. Instead of secret doors, just wall it up solidly. Adventurers cant find a secret passage if there isnt one. Most people won't bother mining through the wall if its plain, thick, and they've already found the \"treasure\".\nBesides, 6000 years later when your <PERSON>-y self decides to go and retrieve the treasure for whatever reason, youll have a strong knowledge of the traps and a few walls won't really hinder your progress if you know where to dig.", "164" ] ]

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[ [ "Do I have to pay a million dollars for this vase\nI was on night shift at the museum, where I had to make sure everything was going well, but as I was opening the door to the storage room, the door hit something and I heard something breaking,\nI looked behind the door and Oh My God, I found an antique vase that had been turned into small pieces.\nI spent all the night trying to find a way to explain to my boss how I broke such an antique, and in the morning when the manager came back I told him about it, but he laughed so hard and told me that it was just a copy of the original vase.\nI thought its price is at least a few million dollars.", "345" ] ]

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[ [ "Kronk's Spinach Puffs (The Emperors New Groove)\nIntroduction: Kronk's Spinach Puffs (The Emperors New Groove)\nEver since I watched the movie the Emperor's New Groove I fell in love with the character <PERSON> and his love for cooking. Especially for his homemade spinach puffs. They just looked so amazing in the movie that I had to make them at home and live my <PERSON> fantasy!\nI hope that you give these a go and that you love them as much as I do! they are so incredibly cheesy and flaky you have to try them!!\nSupplies\nIngredients\n- ½-1Tbsp olive oil\n- 1 medium brown onion, chopped finely\n- 4 cups fresh spinach, chopped and remove the stems (or use 1 cup frozen spinach,\nthawed and drained of excess water)\n- 1 large egg yolk\n- 2 cloves garlic, crushed\n- 1/3 cup cream cheese\n- 1/3 cup ricotta\n- 1/3 cup feta cheese\n- 1/4 cup parmesan cheese\n- Salt and pepper to taste\n- 2-4 sheets of puff pastry (it depends on how big your sheets are and how big you\nwant them) I’m cutting mine into quarters/\n- 1 egg (to make the eggwash)\nEquipment\n- Large frying pan\n- Spatula\n- Knife\n- Large mixing bowl\n- Oven, baking tray and baking paper\n- pastry brush\n- mixing spoons\nStep 1: Sautee the Onions, Garlic and Spinach\nPlace a large frying pan over medium-high heat and add the olive oil and onions, stirring and cooking them until they become light brown. This should take about 4-5 minutes. (Add a pinch of salt here to help draw out the moisture from the onions to help them brown quicker)\nThen add the garlic to the pan and stir for about 30 seconds until it becomes aromatic and you can smell the beautiful flavour. Then add the fresh or frozen spinach and cook until it reduces by more than half. Then season with some cracked black pepper.", "265" ], [ "Then place this aside to cool for about 5 minutes\nStep 2: Make the Cheesy Spinach Filling\nTo make the cheesy spinach mixture add the four kinds of cheese to a large mixing bowl and stir together. Add the egg yolk then the warm spinach mixture. Mix to combine.\nStep 3: Form the Spinach Puffs\nTo form the spinach puffs cut the puff pastry into quarters or smaller (this depends on the size of your pastry) but make sure to add it to a square as this will help give the shape we are after. I’m using about 10-12cm x10-12cm squares.\nTo make the egg wash take the egg and whisk it until it is uniform in colour (this will help make the pastry stick together and give it a beautiful golden colour.\nThen add a minimum for 2 Tbsp of filling (again add as much as you like just don’t overfill them) to the pastry. Then with a pastry brush place, some of the eggs wash around the corners of the square pastry and then lift two corners of the pastry up and join them together to make a pointed cone shape. Make sure to pinch the pastry together so the filling does not fall out.\nThen place them in the fridge to cool down for about 10 minutes (if you are in a hurry you can skip this but it helps make them become even more delicious).\nStep 4: Bake Them\nWhen you are ready to bake them pre-heat the fan-forced oven to 190 degrees Celsius (375 degrees Fahrenheit).\nThen brush each spinach puff with some of the same egg wash as before and bake for 12-16 minutes or until they are golden brown and delicious!\nStep 5: Serve\nMake sure to serve them nice and hot, ideally a couple of minutes out of the oven. They are incredibly delicious and I hope you share them with your friends, family, woodland creatures and llamas (again from the movie XD).", "891" ] ]

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[ [ "Having had a lot of fun doing a card-by-card review of Race for the Galaxy (Card By Card - A Review of the 95 Different Cards in the base set of Race for the Galaxy), rather than a traditional review, I thought I’d do the same thing with Le Havre. This is actually just one section of a full, traditional review of Le Havre I’m penning for Gamer’s Alliance. I will post that here roughly a year after initial publication.\nNote #1: I am of the opinion that Le Havre is really a game for two or three players only; this fact undoubtedly affects my views.\nNote #2: I have included the “cost” of a building, which is equal to the shipping value of the goods required to build the building. All buildings can, of course, be purchased; in all but five cases this is what is listed as the “value” of the building. In the cases where the cost to purchase a building is not the value, it is listed as “cost to buy”.\nWhich is to say, for “cost”:\nWood , Clay => 1 Franc\nIron , Brick => 2 Francs\nSteel => 8 Francs\nEnergy => 1 Franc\nSection 1 – The Starting Buildings\n#B1 – Building Firm (Cost: N/A; Value: 4; Use: Free; Type: Craftsman; Symbol: Hammer) – Build 1 building. One of the first buildings used – unless the Sawmill is in play – I must admit to being rather partial to this building firm ever since I saw my younger son start the game by buying it and then taking significant advantage of the fact that it’s a Craftsman building. The symbols and low cost make it a fine choice – and one with a low cost if a cash infusion is needed later.\n#B2 – Building Firm (Cost: N/A; Value: 6; Use: 1 Food; Type: Craftsman; Symbol: Hammer) – Build 1 building. I’m not sure why, but I’ve never seen this used much; it seems like a very reasonable purchase option early, to ensure oneself a free way to build a building, while also making the Marketplace more effective.\n#B3 – Construction Firm (Cost: N/A; Value: 8; Use: 2 Food; Type: Industrial; Symbol: Hammer) – Build 1 or 2 buildings. The ability to build twice for one action is extremely powerful; of the buildings guaranteed to be available, it’s this one I’m most tempted to purchase – making it free for me is great, and I expect it to bring in a fair bit of food – and some cash, too.", "118" ], [ "And I will almost certainly use the building during the game, even if I don’t own it – 2 Food for 1 action is a trade well worth making.\n#01 – Marketplace (Cost: 2 (2 Wood ); Value: 6; Use: 2 Food / 1 Franc; Type: N/A; Symbols: None) – Take 2 different standard goods plus one per Craftsman building owned; look at and arrange the top 2 special buildings. This is a starting building in a shortened game with 1 or 2 players only. A fine building, but this could be the most overvalued building in the game as I write this. I’m not unhappy if I never visit the Marketplace…\n#02 – Sawmill (Cost:: 3 (1 Clay , 1 Iron ); Value: 14; Use: Free; Type: Industrial; Symbols: None) – Build 1 building requiring Wood for 1 fewer Wood . This is a starting building in a shortened game with 1, 4, or 5 players only, and is not in play with 2 players. The value/cost ratio of this building is tremendous; I’ve fallen into the habit of building it and then selling it to create some early capital, and I don’t think it’s a bad path. Not the most interesting building to hold on to, given that it’s free to use and rather popular – it’s fun to sell the building when one wishes to use it and it’s occupied, kicking off the current occupant, collecting 7 Francs, using the building – and frequently then buying a better option.\n#13 – Black Market (Cost: N/A; Value: 2; Use: 1 Food; Type: N/A; Symbols: None) – Take 2 tokens of each type whose offer space is empty. This is a starting building in a shortened game with 1 player only, and is not in play with 2 players. On occasion this is a reasonably useful building, it’s generally one I avoid, unless it’s in the way of something I want to buy or build.", "118" ] ]

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[ [ "Marblevator, Perpetual?\nIntroduction: Marblevator, Perpetual?\nI designed this model to mimic the operation of a few \"perpetual motion\" devices that have been recently appearing in my suggested video feed. \"Marblevator, Perpetual?\" is not only not perpetual, it is also not very quiet. But the kids and grandkids enjoyed it!\nAs usual I probably forgot a file or two or who knows what else, so if you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask as I do make plenty of mistakes.\nDesigned using Autodesk Fusion 360, sliced using Ultimaker Cura 14.12.1, and 3D printed in PLA on Ultimaker S5s.\nStep 1: Parts.\nI acquired the following parts:\n* One Micro 130 DC Motor.\n* One twin AAA battery holder with wires and switch.\n* Two AAA batteries.\n* Four R08 O-Rings.\n* One 8mm ball bearing.\nI 3D printed the following parts at .15mm layer height with 20% infill:\n* One \"Axle, Wheel, Idler.stl\".\n* Six \"Bolt (8 by 1.25 by 8).stl\".\n* One \"Bowl Bottom.stl\".\n* One \"Bowl Top.stl\".\n* Four \"Column.stl\".\n* One \"Mount, Motor.st\".\n* One \"Track.stl\".\n* One \"Wheel, Idler.stl\".\n* One \"Wheel, Motor.stl\".\nThis is a high precision print and assembly model. Prior to assembly, test fit and trim, file, sand, etc.", "654" ], [ "all parts as necessary for smooth movement of moving surfaces, and tight fit for non moving surfaces. Depending on you printer, your printer settings and the colors you chose, more or less trimming, filing and/or sanding may be required. Carefully file all edges that contacted the build plate to make absolutely certain that all build plate \"ooze\" is removed and that all edges are smooth. I used small jewelers files and plenty of patience to perform this step.\nThe model also uses threaded assembly, so I used a tap and die set (8mm by 1.25) for thread cleaning.\nStep 2: Top Assembly.\nTo assemble the top, I performed the following steps:\n* Placed the batteries in the battery holder then installed the battery holder lid.\n* Soldered the battery holder wires to the motor making certain with power applied the motor shaft rotated clockwise when the motor is viewed from the motor shaft end.\n* Pressed the motor into \"Mount, Motor.stl\".\n* Placed two O-Rings on \"Wheel, Idler.stl\".\n* Placed two O-Riings on \"Wheel, Motor.stl\".\n* Attached the idler wheel to the motor mount using \"Axle, Wheel, Idler.stl\", making certain the idler wheel spun freely.\n* Pressed the motor wheel onto the motor shaft.\n* Carefully aligned the motor position so that the O-Rings on each wheel were aligned.\n* Pressed the battery holder into \"Bowl Top.stl\".\n* Attached the motor mount assembly to the bowl top using two \"Bolt (8 by 1.25 by 8).stl\".\n* Pressed \"Track.stl\" into the motor mount assembly.\nStep 3: Bottom Assembly.\nTo assemble the bottom, I performed the following steps:\n* Secured one \"Column.stl\" to \"Bowl Bottom.stl\" using one bolt.\n* Repeated the previous step for the remaining columns.\nStep 4: Final Assembly.\nFor final assembly, I performed the following steps:\n* Carefully positioned the track into the rectangular hole in the bottom assembly, noting the rectangle is offset to provide clearance for the track insertion pin.\n* Slid the track assembly into the bottom assemble by rotating the top assembly into position.\nTo operate the model, I lift the lid, slide the battery holder switch to the on position, and lower the lid.\nAnd that is how I 3D printed and assembled \"Marblevator, Perpetual?\".\nI hope you enjoyed it!", "784" ] ]

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[ [ "If your course started with an indigestible dose of multi-dimensional calculus without much discussion of how the math relates to the physics (and there are certainly textbooks on computational CFD which start that way!) the answers to these questions may become clearer when you start developing the actual numerical methods and seeing how they perform solving \"real\" problems.\nThere are two basic ways to devise a numerical solution scheme. One way is to consider the values of quantities defined at specific points in space (e.g. the grid points of a finite difference mesh). The computational method ignores what happens to the quantities \"in between\" the mesh points, and you hope that as you increase the number of points, the computed values will converge to the solution of the underlying differential equations. (Sometimes, you can prove the solution will converge in this sense, but for most \"real world\" problems involving nonlinear differential equations you can't prove it).\nThe other way is to consider the value of properties over regions of space - for example the mass, energy and momentum of a \"unit cell\" defined by the grid points that surround it, and the flows into and out of the cell across its boundaries.", "432" ], [ "This has the advantage that the solution method can guarantee that it satisfies some fundamental physical laws like conservation of mass and energy. Usually, a solution method based only on values at specific points will not automatically satisfy such conservation laws, though (if it is a useful solution method!) increasing the number of solution points should reduce the errors.\nBut satisfying the global conservation laws doesn't necessarily mean that the grid-point values are \"accurate\" - for example there may be unphysical oscillations at adjacent grid points which don't affect the \"average\" energy, momentum, etc.\nAlso our lecturer mentioned that the Jacobian strong form is in Lagrangian form but differential is in Eulerian form. I know the meaning of both but I am not sure what it means in this context.\nWithout knowing exactly what was said (or in the lecture notes) I'm not sure what that means either. You can certainly create four versions of the mathematical formulation, i.e. weak and strong forms of both the Lagrangian or Euleran equations - though some are more intuitively \"obvious\" than others. In fact some numerical methods use a combination of more than one of the four options.", "499" ] ]

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[ [ "‘A Good Day for the Internet Everywhere’: India Bans Differential Data Pricing · Global Voices\nNet Neutrality And Creative Freedom explained. Image from Flickr by <PERSON>. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0\nIndia distinguished itself as a global leader on network neutrality on February 8, when regulators officially banned “differential pricing”, a process through which telecommunications service providers could or charge discriminatory tariffs for data services offered based on content.\nIn short, this means that Internet access in India will remain an open field, where users should be guaranteed equal access to any website they want to visit, regardless of how they connect to the Internet.\nIn their ruling, Telecommunication Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) commented:\nIn India, given that a majority of the population are yet to be connected to the internet, allowing service providers to define the nature of access would be equivalent of letting TSPs shape the users’ internet experience.\n#TRAIFreesInternet | Key take aways from TRAI’s ruling on Net Neutrality pic.twitter.com/xlFsLb3bZ6\n— CNN-IBN News (@ibnlive) February 8, 2016\nThe decision of the Indian government has been welcomed largely in the country and outside. In support of the move, the World Wide Web Foundation's <PERSON>, also a Global Voices community member, wrote:\nAs the country with the second largest number of Internet users worldwide, this decision will resonate around the world. It follows a precedent set by Chile, the United States, and others which have adopted similar net neutrality safeguards. The message is clear: We can’t create a two-tier Internet – one for the haves, and one for the have-nots. We must connect everyone to the full potential of the open Web.\nA blow for Facebook's “Free Basics”\nWhile the new rules should long outlast this moment in India's Internet history, the ruling should immediately force Facebook to cancel the local deployment of “Free Basics”, a smart phone application that offers free access to Facebook, Facebook-owned products like WhatsApp, and a select suite of other websites for users who do not pay for mobile data plans.\nFacebook's efforts to deploy and promote Free Basics as what they described as a remedy to India's lack of “digital equality” has encountered significant backlash. Last December, technology critic and Quartz writer <PERSON> reacted to Free Basics saying:\nZuckerberg almost portrays net neutrality as a first-world problem that doesn’t apply to India because having some service is better than no service.”\nWhen TRAI solicited public comments on the matter of differential pricing, Facebook responded with an aggressive advertising campaign on bill boards and in television commercials across the nation.", "534" ], [ "It also embedded a campaign inside Facebook, asking users to write to TRAI in support of Free Basics.\nTwo-page Free Basics newspaper advertisement urging Indians to advocate against net neutrality protections before the government. Image widely shared on social media.\nTRAI criticized Facebook for what it seemed to regard as manipulation of the public. Facebook was also heavily challenged by many policy and open Internet advocates including non-profits like the Free Software Movement of India and the Savetheinternet.in campaign. The latter two collectives strongly discouraged Free Basics by bringing public opinion where Savetheinternet.in alone facilitated a campaign in which citizens sent over 2.4 million emails to TRAI urging the agency to put a stop to differential pricing.\nAlongside these efforts, 500 Indian startups including major ones like Cleartrip, Zomato, Practo, Paytm and Cleartax also wrote to India's prime minister <PERSON> requesting continued support for net neutrality—on the Indian Republic Day January 26.\nStand-up comedians like <PERSON> and groups like All India Bakchod and East India Comedy created humorous and informative videos explaining the regulatory debate and supporting net neutrality which went viral.\nHad differential pricing been officially legalized, it would have adversely affected startups and content-based smaller companies, who most likely could never manage to pay higher prices to partner with service providers to make their service available for free. This would have paved the way for tech-giants like Facebook to capture the entire market. And this would be no small gain for a company like Facebook: India represents the world's largest market of Internet users after the US and China, where Facebook remains blocked.\nThe Internet responds\nThere have been mixed responses on social media, both supporting and opposing. Among open Internet advocates both in India and the US, the response was celebratory:\nThis order shows the power of citizen involvement in policymaking. Policymakers are forced to listen if citizens engage. #NetNeutrality\n— <PERSON> (@pranesh) February 8, 2016\nI think this is not just a good day for the Internet in India.", "607" ] ]

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[ [ "The easiest way, I think, is by using the spurion analysis. If an operator $\\mathcal{O}$ with a small coupling $g$ in the lagrangian breaks a symmetry, you just need to promote $g$ to a field (called spurion) with definite transformation properties such that $g\\mathcal{O}$ is now invariant. The low-energy effective action now must be written making an expansion in $g$ by writing down all the invariants to any given order, and eventually freeze $g$ to its original value.\nLet me give you the example of chiral $SU(2)$ in QCD. In this theory there is an approximate $G=SU(2)L\\times SU(2)_R$ symmetry of the UV theory for up and down quarks $$ Q{L}=\\left(\\begin{array}{c}u_L\\ d_L \\end{array}\\right)\\rightarrow U_L Q_{L}\\,,\\quad Q_{R}=\\left(\\begin{array}{c}u_R\\ d_R \\end{array}\\right)\\rightarrow U_R Q_{R} $$ where $U_{L,R}$ are unitary $2\\times 2$ matrices of $SU(2){L,R}$. In the IR, the symmetry is broken spontaneously down to a subgroup $H=SU(2){L+R}$ isospin so that 3 massless pions $\\pi^a$ are present in the low-energy spectrum according to the <PERSON> theorem. This pions can be written in a non-linear sigma model fashion as $\\Sigma(x)=e^{i\\pi^a(x) \\sigma^a/f_\\pi}$ where $\\Sigma\\rightarrow U_L \\Sigma U^\\dagger_R$ non-linearly realize $G$ but linearly realize $H$ (where $U_L=U_R$). The lowest order lagrangian invariant under $G$ is of the schematic form $$ \\mathcal{L}^{(2)}{eff}=\\frac{f\\pi^2}{4}\\mathrm{Tr}\\left[\\partial_\\mu\\Sigma^\\dagger \\partial^\\mu\\Sigma\\right].", "976" ], [ "$$ Now, we add a small explicit breaking of $G$ in the UV, namely a mass term $m_u \\bar{u}L u{r}+m_d \\bar{d}L d{r}+h.c.$ which we can write as $$ \\bar{Q}{L}M Q{R}+h.c.\\,,\\qquad M=\\left(\\begin{array}{cc} m_u & 0 \\ 0 & m_d\\end{array}\\right)\\,. $$ In fact, this mass term doesn't even respect $H$ (unless $m_u\\neq m_d$) and not only the pions will get mass but they will also be split. Anyway, the UV lagrangian can be thought as invariant under $G$ if we promote $M$ to a spurion and transform it as $M\\rightarrow U_L M U^\\dagger_{R}$. Now, going in the IR and looking at the effective theory of the pions, we can write new invariants in the action for $\\pi$. The most important are the ones with the least insertions of $M$ since we assumed that the explicit breaking was small (in this case, compared to $\\Lambda_{QCD}$). There is only one operator with just one insertion of $M$, namely $$ \\delta\\mathcal{L}=c\\mathrm{Tr}\\left[\\Sigma^\\dagger M+\\Sigma M\\right]\\,. $$ Now one can freeze $M$ to $M=\\mathrm{diag}\\left(m_u,m_d\\right)$, expand $\\delta\\mathcal{L}$ in powers of the pion fields, and thus get the form of the potential (in particular the mass terms) at leading order in the explicit breaking parameter $M$. Just for simplicity, assume now that the explicit breaking of $G$ respects $H$, $m_u=m_d\\equiv m$, so that $M=m\\mathbf{1}$ is multiple of the identity.", "818" ] ]

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[ [ "Fish advice for grandma\nHi everyone. I'm thinking of getting a beta fish or a few for my grandmother for my granpdpa's birthday. You know those tiny fish in the small containers at petsmart, some of those.", "894" ], [ "My grandpa passed away December and his birthday is this Friday. My grandma lives with my family in Georgia after moving from Mississippi after the funeral. I think having a fish would be great for a daily routine and to keep her somewhat active. Do you have any advice on what type of fish would be great for beginners and tanks I should look for?", "894" ] ]

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[ [ "Palestine: Remembering <PERSON> · Global Voices\nOn 2 August, founder member of the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) <PERSON> died. He was born and raised in Jaffa, but his family were forced to leave Palestine in 1948, and went to Lebanon. <PERSON> helped found the PLO in 1964, was appointed PLO representative in Lebanon, and survived ten Israeli assassination attempts during the Lebanese Civil War. He was twice a member of the PLO Executive Committee, but left because of the Oslo accords. <PERSON> was also an accomplished writer. Arab bloggers have been paying tribute.\nAt his blog Jafra, Palestinian political activist, writer and artist <PERSON> says:\nمنذ أن تفتّحت عيوننا على السياسة كان فيها اسم شفيق الحوت قبل أن نعرفه عن قرب ومنذ أن بدأنا نلاحق أخبار القضية في الصحافة كان قلمه.", "990" ], [ "لم أحاوره عن قرب إلا وهو خارج المناصب القيادية، الممثل السابق لمكتب منظمة التحرير والعضو المستقيل من لجنتها التنفيذية، وهو يردّد لقد استقلت من الوظيفة ولكن ليس من القضية، القضية ليست وظيفة هي قدر الفلسطيني. ولا يستطيع الاستقالة منها.\nFrom the time that our eyes were opened to politics, the name of <PERSON> was there, before we knew him from close up. Since we began to follow the news of the Palestinian issue in the newspapers, his pen was there. I only conversed with him when he was outside the leadership, the former representative of the PLO office and a future member of its executive committee. He kept saying, “I have resigned from the job but not from the [Palestinian] issue; the issue is not a job, it is the destiny of the Palestinians, and one cannot resign from it.”\nAt his blog Nostalgia, Gazan blogger <PERSON> writes:\nقال فيه ادوارد سعيد رحمه الله\n“هذا الرجل يصعب افساده” فقال شفيق الحوت رحمه الله ضاحكاً “ارأيت الى اي حضيض وصلنا.صرنا في زمن يُمدح فيه المرء اذا لم يكن فاسداً”\n<PERSON> (may he rest in peace) said of him, “This man is difficult to corrupt.”\nAnd <PERSON> (may he rest in peace) said, laughing, “Have you seen what a low point we’ve reached; we’re in an era that a person is praised if he is not corrupt.”\nAt The Angry Arab News Service, Lebanese blogger <PERSON> writes about <PERSON>:\nHe used to say that he was a communist when everybody else was an Arab nationalist (like in the 40s and 50s), and that he became an Arab nationalist when everybody else was a communist (in the 60s and 70s). […] He was blunt and truthful, when lying was a job description in <PERSON>'s apparatus. […] Something about him I liked: not only the politics but the personality.", "990" ] ]

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[ [ "Brazil’s First Indigenous Online Radio Station Uses Digital Media to Promote Native Languages and Communities · Global Voices\nRádio Yandê producers in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro. Photo: Official Rádio Yandê Facebook page, published with permission.\nRádio Yandê combines a strong sense of community with digital media to bring Brazil’s indigenous cultures and languages to the forefront.\nThe station, which began streaming online in 2013, is the country’s first web-based broadcast of its kind: created by indigenous people, for indigenous people, with the intention of using technology to shred the stereotypes and misconceptions about Brazil’s native communities that emerge out of mainstream media narratives.\nAccording to news site Agência Brasil , more than 150 indigenous languages are spoken in Brazil – with Tikuna , Guarani Kaiowá , and Kaingang being the three with the largest number of speakers. It is predicted, however, that by 2030 up to 45-50 of these languages are likely to suffer from extinction.\nThis project in particular, takes a wide-ranging approach to capturing the daily lives and issues concerning Brazil’s indigenous society.", "696" ], [ "The station plays music from indigenous artists, as well as featuring news, debates, stories, poetry and messages that come directly from the communities themselves.\nRadio Yandê is involved in all platforms: you can access it on the web, keep up to date with the latest news via Facebook , or even download a mobile app that gives you full access to its content.\nWhile its headquarters are based in Rio de Janeiro, the station’s scope is Brazilian wide. In this YouTube video, for instance, Radio Yandê interviews a healer from the Dessana tribe in the northern city of Manaus – getting his insights on the indigenous perspectives of religion, the differences between traditional medicine and modern medical practices, and the important role the younger generation plays in the protection of indigenous culture:\nBecause the station’s primary aim is to educate the masses about all things indigenous, content from its YouTube channel is primarily in Portuguese. Even so, some interviews are conducted in native languages before being translated by the station’s reporters. This is shown in the following video, in which a young filmmaker from the Amazonian Kayapó tribe discusses his recent efforts to produce materials that highlight and help preserve his local culture and customs:\nAside from collaborating with a network of indigenous Brazilian correspondents, Rádio Yandê also fosters relationships with indigenous-driven initiatives from abroad: including Canada’s Indian & Cowboy media network, the Latin America-focused Rádio Encuentros , and the Colombian station Informativo Dachi Bedea .", "696" ] ]

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[ [ "<PERSON>'s law for the <PERSON> solution\nI'm puzzled with the following question: find an analog of the <PERSON>'s law for the <PERSON> solution.\n<PERSON> metric is a solution to the vacuum <PERSON> equations $$ds^2=dt^2-\\sum_{i=1}^3a^2_i(t)(dx^i)^2$$ with coefficients $a_i(t)=t^{p_i}$, where $p_i$ are constant parameters satisfying $\\sum_ip_i=1$ and $\\sum_i (p_i)^2=1$. This solution describes anisotropic space.\nIt is known that in the <PERSON>-Walker metric, when coefficients along all axes are the same $a_i=a$ wavelengths of a photon at times $t$ and $t_0$ are related by the scale parameter $a(t)$ as $$\\frac{\\lambda(t)}{\\lambda(t_0)}=\\frac{a(t)}{a(t_0)}$$\nthis is true if the rate if the space expanding $\\dot{a}/a$ is significantly smaller then the frequency of the photon.\nThe question is how to generalize this statement in the case of the <PERSON> metric. A natural idea is to suppose that the statement is generalized directly to the propagation along \"main\" axes $$\\frac{\\lambda_i(t)}{\\lambda_i(t_0)}=\\frac{a_i(t)}{a_i(t_0)}$$ and \"linearly\" for a generic direction, i.e.", "346" ], [ "for $\\vec{\\lambda}=\\lambda_i \\vec{e_i}$ $$\\frac{|\\vec{\\lambda}(t)|}{|\\vec{\\lambda}(t_0)|}=\\frac{\\dot{a}_i(t)\\lambda_i}{a_i(t)\\lambda_i}$$\nHowever, I'm not able to confirm this conjecture by any quantitative argument. I've tried to show that the EOM in a curved space-time $\\nabla^\\mu F_{\\mu\\nu}=0$ admit a solution of a kind $A_\\mu(x)\\sim e_{\\mu}\\exp{\\left(i g_{\\mu\\nu}q^\\mu x^\\nu\\right)}$ with $q^\\mu$ being a rescaled \"minkowskian\" momentum $q^i(t)=\\frac{k_i}{a_i(t)}, \\eta^{\\mu\\nu}k_\\mu k_\\nu=0$ but failed to succeed.\nAfter some time I've realized that one should probably look not for an exact solution of this type (even in the <PERSON>-Walker case the relation $\\lambda(t)\\sim a(t)$ is approximate) but for a \"high-frequency\" approximate solution. But still I'm not currently able to find it.\nSo my questions are:\n1) Is the suggested generalization of the Hubble's law correct?\n2) If so, how to provide quantitative evidence for it? I would be satisfied even with calculations for a massless scalar field if they are simpler to perform in order to achieve the goal.", "346" ] ]

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[ [ "Because parrying a liquid doesn't help.\nspell to parry all ballistic projectiles\nI would imagine that the spell applies an equal and opposite force to any projectile. When you apply a force back at a bullet (which is solid) it will stop the velocity along with damaging the bullet such as crushing it. At worst you'll end up with bullet dust on your shoulders (anything larger would likely fall off).\nHowever applying a force back at a liquid projectile will cause it to splash (imagine a water balloon breaking) and not entirely stop it (less effective than hitting a solid object). The resulting smaller water droplets should have lower velocity but are equally wet. These smaller droplets are still moving so this process repeats until they are either too small for the spell to track or are moving slow enough that the spell won't apply a parry force back. Either way the water will eventually soak in.\nThis spell would protect against melee as well as projectiles but must have some kind of minimum size/speed threshold in order for the robe getting wet to be possible (otherwise the water would sit on top of the robe like a rain jacket). This also means that the robe's spell can't be used as a gas mask because gas is smaller and slower than liquid would be.\nReal life acid rain isn't acidic enough to dissolve cloth from 1 exposure. It takes many instances over a long time to damage statues etc. But stronger acid would indeed dissolve the robe (and the wearer).\nBecause the robe doesn't cover the entire body\nWhen you say \"robe\" I don't think of a dry suit.", "580" ], [ "Presumably the wearer's head, hands, and maybe feet are unprotected. The unprotected parts can easily get wet. Have you ever been wearing a coat and gotten snow down your back? Then you know that an unprotected head means water can get in and soak any part of your body.\nsee battlemages getting wet\nIt is entirely possible for a battlemage to be soaked yet the robe remain dry from the spell (as long as the spell also works from the inside out). Given this interpretation the spell has no need for a lower threshold. Even if the spell repels every single atom (including air) the wearer would still be able to breath (assuming he has no face mask with the same spell).\nUnless the enemy attack completely overwhelms the battlemage in terms of magic strength\nI read that to be a maximum threshold. The spell can only deliver a maximum amount of force and any projectile with more momentum will not be completely stopped. Or perhaps \"overwhelming in terms of magic strength\" is talking about an enchanted missile (for which rain is not) with an overwhelming amount of magic. The projectile could have a spell that prevents losing momentum in which case whichever spell is stronger would win. For an overwhelming number of projectiles see <PERSON>'s excellent answer.\nI believe every option I've given for \"the spell applies force\" meets all requirements of the description.", "537" ] ]

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[ [ "<PERSON> passed away at <DATE_TIME> in her home on <DATE_TIME>. She was born <DATE_TIME>, in <LOCATION>, <LOCATION>. She moved to <LOCATION> at <DATE_TIME> in order to live near the coast and pursue a career in acting.", "890" ], [ "Throughout her career, she became well known for some of her roles, and was very passionate about her work. She met her co-star in one of her earlier movies, <PERSON>, and they went on to become lifelong partners. <PERSON> was always a caring person, and was known for taking time to meet as many people as she could that she worked with on her movies. She is outlived by her partner and sister, <PERSON>.", "464" ] ]

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[ [ "“Let Us Dream”: Demonstrating Against Unified Job Hunting in Japan · Global Voices\nEach spring, the job hunting season starts and Japanese students in their third year of university start preparing by suiting up, attending seminars and job fairs, and having bouts of soul searching. They apply to dozens of companies, each with multiple rounds of examinations and interviews, until they receive one or several job offers.\nThe process can take up a large chunk of the last two years of school; a mentally and physically draining time that eats into one’s self-confidence.\n\"Job Hunting Seminar for Sophomore Students\" by Flickr user <PERSON> (CC BY-NC 2.0).\nOn Labor Day, students held demonstrations in Tokyo and Kyoto to rally against this system, expressing anger towards the irrational hoops and hurdles that impede on studying time. The demonstration also criticized the commercialization of job hunting, pointing fingers to several major online student/company matching services that play a big part in the ecosystem of the practice.\nThe organizers used blogs and Twitter (@syukatsu_tokyo and @S_demo_Kyoto) to call for support, and eventually round up more than a hundred demonstrators.\n@syukatsu_tokyo: 【拡散願】とうとう後2日！就活ぶっこわせデモ、水曜日13時半アルタ前集合です！！行こうか行くまいか迷っているそこのあなた！！遠目に見てるだけでも構わない！ぜひ新宿アルタ前に！ #就活デモ\n[Please RT] Two more days to go! We will be gathering for the demonstration to abolish university graduate job recruitment practices in front of the Shinjuku Alta building at 1:30 p.m.", "925" ], [ "on Wednesday! Still undecided? Just come to watch, then. Meet up in front of Shinjuku Alta!\nThis is one of their messages:\n@hosyukakumei: 競争はあってもいいと思うんんだけど、共生を目指したいんです。同じ日本人通しで勝ち組とか負け組とかいうレッテルを貼りあうのはもういい加減やめませんか？少なくとも私はそういう不毛な争いに疲れました。 #就活デモ\nCompetition is fine, but we'd like to aim for peaceful coexistence. Couldn’t we just stop the cavalier labels of “winners” and “losers” among ourselves? I, at least, am tired of such unproductive conflicts.\nThe Tokyo organizers report that more than 1,000 people watched the live stream, while the archived footage garnered over 6,000 views.\nThe demonstration gathered attention in the online sphere. Many commented that the intent of the demonstration was unclear, although there were some that supported the act of having a demonstration.\n@yatabe_: 就活ぶっこわせデモを傍観してきたけど（参加はしてない）主張がなくて何が言いたいのかわかんなかった。試みは面白いだけに非常に残念。「就活くたばれ」「○○ナビ潰れろ」「ゆとりにゆとりを」「夢を見させろ」って叫びながら歩いてたけど、わがまま言ってるようにしか聞こえなかった。 #就活デモ\nI went to watch the demonstration against graduate job recruitment practices from the sidelines (I did not participate in it), but there was no emphasis on any particular point.", "925" ] ]

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[ [ "I have divided planets and satellites into too easy, too hard, and feasibly nasty.\nGas giants - too hard: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune - implausible that any realistic base could be situated on the planetary surface due to enormous pressures involved. So the base would have to float or fly. That also seems implausible for unassisted habitation as, although it might be possible to power the habitation there would be little/no access to raw materials for repair/maintenance/growth.\nVenus - too hard: Implausible on the surface due to temperature - no realistic way to cool the base that is consistent with the laws of thermodynamics. For a floating/flying base the problems are similar to those on the gas giants.\nRocky planets and satellites in general - too easy: Generally plausible if you can survive in an atmosphere dome (or underground), extract water from the local crust, use solar radiation for energy etc.", "778" ], [ "So the Moon, Mars, larger asteroids, and many moons might not be a sufficient challenge. Mercury fits into that category too, so long as you situate your base is near a pole where the temperature range won't be too outlandish (although I am not sure of the presence of water in Mercury's crust).\nIcy and cold planets/satellites - too easy: Also generally plausible as above. A bit more effort to get sufficient energy from solar if the body is far from the sun (Pluto etc.), but that is more an issue of cost in setting up systems rather than additional risk/difficulty in operation.\nTitan - much too easy - lots of petrochemicals for raw materials.\nSo my choice would be:\nIo - the most volcanically active body in the solar system. It has all the usual challenges of living on a body in near vacuum but adds the complication of an unstable crust and the chance that at any time the base could be subjected to mega-earthquakes, pyroclastic flows, lava flows, flying ejecta (volcanic 'fallout' can extend hundreds of km on Io) and the chance that a new volcano could errupt near/under the base at any time.\nWith regard to a power supply for a base on Io - I think that a geothermal power station would add just the right combination of technical feasibility and operational hazard.", "778" ] ]

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[ [ "Path integrals and mean-field theory\nI am interested in mean-field theories in the path integral formalism. However, I have a technical problem by evaluating the stationary phase approximation (mean-field approximation).\nAfter the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation and integrating out the fermionic degree of freedom we have a action functional of the form\n$$ S = c\\sum_{q}\\phi_{q}V^{-1}\\left(q\\right)\\phi_{-q} - \\text{tr}\\ln\\left(G^{-1}\\right) $$\nwhere c is a constant, $V^{-1}\\left(q\\right)$ is the inverse interaction potential and $G$ is the Greens operator for the free fermions interacting with the bosonic field $\\phi$.\nTwo examples can be found in the book by Altland & Simons. In the case of a interacting electron gas.", "281" ], [ "Here $G$ has the form\n$$ \\left(G^{-1}\\right){kq} = \\left(-i\\omega{n} + \\frac{k^{2}}{2m} - \\mu\\right)\\delta_{kq} + \\frac{i}{\\beta V}\\phi_{q-k} $$\nThen applying the stationary phase approximation we will obtain\n$$ \\frac{\\delta S}{\\delta \\phi_{q}} = cV^{-1}\\left(q\\right)\\phi_{-q} + \\frac{2i}{\\beta V}\\sum_{q_{1}}G_{q_{1},q_{1}-q} = 0 $$\nA general solution of these equation is not known. But I found that in the case of a homogeneous mean-field $\\phi_{q-k} = \\bar{\\phi}$, that the Green's function can be written as\n$$ G_{q_{1},q_{1}-q}\\frac{1}{-i\\omega_{n} + \\frac{k^{2}}{2m} - \\mu + \\frac{i}{\\beta V}\\bar{\\phi}} $$\nMy question is why it is not\n$$ G_{q_{1},q_{1}-q}\\frac{1}{\\left(-i\\omega_{n} + \\frac{k^{2}}{2m} - \\mu\\right)\\delta_{q_{1},q_{1}-q} + \\frac{i}{\\beta V}\\bar{\\phi}} $$\nwhich would cancel the sum $\\sum_{q_{1}}$?\nThe second example from the book by Altland & Simons is a superconductor. Here the action function reads\n$$ S_{\\text{BCS}} = \\sum_{Q}\\phi_{Q}^{\\dagger}\\left(\\frac{g}{\\beta V}\\right)^{-1}\\phi_{Q} - \\text{tr}\\ln\\left(\\left(G_{\\text{BCS}}^{-1}\\right)\\right) $$\nwith $\\left(G_{\\text{BCS}}^{-1}\\right){k,q} = \\begin{pmatrix} \\left(-i\\omega + \\epsilon{k}\\right)\\delta_{k,q} & \\phi_{k-q} \\ \\phi_{q-k}^{\\dagger} & \\left(-i\\omega - \\epsilon_{k}\\right)\\delta_{k,q} \\end{pmatrix}$.", "818" ] ]

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[ [ "First of all it is good to differentiate what can be curved. One way to deal with <PERSON> equations is to choose a space-time foliation (global when possible). In the <PERSON> models one has a set isometries which define the homogeneus and isotropic spatial hypersurfaces, it can be shown that these hypersurfaces have a normal vector field $n^\\mu$ which is geodesic $(n^\\nu\\nabla_\\nu{}n^\\mu=0)$ where $\\nabla_\\nu$ is the connection compatible with the <PERSON> metric $g_{\\mu\\nu}$ (signature $(-1,1,1,1)$), i.e., $\\nabla_\\alpha{}g_{\\mu\\nu}=0$.\nGiven this choice of hypersurfaces we have the projector $\\gamma_{\\mu\\nu}\\equiv{}g_{\\mu\\nu}+n_\\mu{}n_\\nu$ which acts as a metric in the spatial sections.", "578" ], [ "This metric we have a unique covariant derivative (in the hypersurfaces) $D_\\alpha\\gamma_{\\mu\\nu} = 0$, and this derivative in turn defines a <PERSON> tensor on the spatial section $$(D_\\mu{}D_\\nu-D_\\nu{}D_\\mu)v_\\alpha = \\mathcal{R}{\\mu\\nu\\alpha}{}^\\beta{}v\\alpha,$$ where $\\gamma_\\alpha{}^\\beta{}v_\\beta=v_\\alpha$. For the <PERSON> metric we have that $$\\nabla_\\mu{}n_\\nu = \\Theta_{\\mu\\nu} = \\frac{\\Theta}{3}\\gamma_{\\mu\\nu},$$ where $\\Theta_{\\mu\\nu}$ is the extrinsec curvature and $\\Theta$ its trace.\nIn short, the notion of a foliation induces a concept of curvature and a extrinsec curvature in the hypersurfaces in a way that the four dimensional Riemann tensor $$R_{\\mu\\nu\\alpha}{}^\\beta{}v_\\beta = (\\nabla_\\mu\\nabla_\\nu-\\nabla_\\nu\\nabla_\\mu)v_\\alpha,$$ is split in $\\mathcal{R}{\\mu\\nu\\alpha}{}^\\beta{}v\\alpha$ plus combinations of $\\Theta_{\\mu\\nu}$ and $D_\\mu$, i.e., $$R_{\\mu\\nu\\alpha\\beta} = \\mathcal{R}{\\mu\\nu\\alpha\\beta} + 2\\Theta{\\mu[\\alpha}\\Theta_{\\beta]\\nu} - 4(D_{[\\mu}\\Theta_{\\nu][\\alpha}n_{\\beta]} + D_{[\\alpha}\\Theta_{\\beta][\\mu}n_{\\nu]}) + 4(n^\\sigma\\nabla_\\sigma(n_{\\mu}\\Theta_{\\nu][\\alpha}n_{\\beta]}) + n_{[\\mu}\\Theta_{\\nu]}{}^\\sigma\\Theta_{\\sigma[\\alpha}n_{\\beta]}),$$ where $T_{[\\mu\\nu]} = (T_{\\mu\\nu}-T_{\\nu\\mu})/2$.\nAll this said, we can see that it is possible to have a zero spatial curvature (Ricci tensor) $\\mathcal{R}{\\mu\\alpha} = 0$, but a non-zero four dimensional $R{\\mu\\alpha}$. For a <PERSON> metric we have $D_\\mu\\Theta=0$, $\\mathcal{R}{\\mu\\nu} = 2K\\gamma{\\mu\\nu}$ and $D_\\mu K=0$.", "578" ] ]

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[ [ "There is one important real life example that I did not see mentioned in the other answers and that is eastern Germany. Even decades after the fall of the Berlin wall, you can still clearly identify the former GDR by just looking at a map of Germany, colored by religious views, even though both halves should have started on roughly even levels half a century earlier.\nThe state also fits your idea of a \"moderate dictatorship\". While the ruling party generally wasn't beyond throwing dissidents and opposition into jail (or even sentencing them to exile or death), most of the population lived comparatively (to other similar regimes) safe and free. Essentially as long as you (or members of your family) did not speak up against the government and its ideologies, you were guaranteed a normal boring life, that is education, a fixed job, a home and maybe at some point even your own car or the opportunity for a holiday in a far away (socialist) country.\nThe main reason for irreligion in the GDR seems to be directly linked to this. Since most of your fate is state controlled, to become somebody, you'll have to appear like a model citizen. Sure, you can actively participate in your church (They tried to forbid this initially, but quickly relented). But thanks to the Stasi, the state will take note of this. And if you want to go to university or get a promotion in your job, they will then look at your file and tell you about <PERSON>' and especially <PERSON>'s views about religion and how you do not seem to be quite suited for such an important socialist position.\nThis essentially was an open secret.", "274" ], [ "So while many may have still practiced their religion in private, they will have tried to look like a modern atheist in practice.\nNow add one or two generations. You grow up in a place where most people outwardly appear to be atheist. The few people you see, that still go to church never seem to have achieved anything in life. In school you are taught that religion is just the \"opiate of the masses\" and that you should instead believe in science and progress. Your parents might have taught you a prayer or two in private but will probably not even have baptised you, out of fear for their and your future career.\nIn this environment you'll most likely develop into an atheist. Sure, at some point, you might realize what has happened, but by then it is most likely too late. Just knowing what prevented you from becoming religious will not suddenly turn you into a believer.\nOf course this is a simplification and the reality is a bit more complex. For example there has always been a small core of religious people and a big difference in importance of churches between cities and countryside, but the general idea is clear.", "767" ] ]

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[ [ "The reactor itself, is doable...\nThe amount of highly enriched uranium required to sustain criticality is not massive. Although it can be done with a few dozen kilograms (less if you use plutonium), you would never actually be able to build a reactor this small for practical reasons:\n* More fuel is needed to extend the life of the core.\n* Reactivity decreases as the hot fuel expands, so you need more fuel to compensate. Maybe even neutron reflectors too.\n* If you want to start and stop the reactor, control rods are needed too.\n* Coolant channels make the core larger to cool the core and extract useful heat,\n* Optional instrumentation channels to measure neutron flux (can be done external to core).\n* Optional neutron source to make start-up go quicker and easier.\nStill, even with these limitations, a reactor weighing less than half a tonne is possible. The Russians built reactors weighing less than 300Kg, with thermal outputs in the tens of Kw, so it's certainly possible. If you need to scale up power output, you would need to design the fuel geometry to have a high surface area, probably go for some cermet fuel, use a high thermal capacity coolant (probably molten metal or salt), and you would really need to pump a lot of coolant through it. All of this pushes you in the direction of using a fast reactor reactor than a thermal reactor, and the molten metal/salt can be used at low pressures which means you don't need massive thick pipes, keeping size and weight down. Of course the problem arises in that to run the core at at least 1.5Mw (probably closer to 5Mw when accounting for thermal inefficiencies), you are going to need to extract a lot of heat from that core, hence the real problem.\n...but the power conversion isn't...\nThe reactor is only one part of the system. You also need to take the heat produced by the core, and produce useful electricity and shaft power to drive your tank. Step one of that is a main coolant pump, which for the kinds of flow you are talking about, is already going to be at least the size of a washing machine. Then you need to take that hot flowing molten metal/salt coolant, and do one of two things:\nIf you use a high temperature Brayton cycle, then you will use a heat exchanger to heat some gas, run it through a turbine, then allow it to expand, and run it through a compressor before repeating the cycle. unfortunately, most gasses do not have a high thermal capacity, so your heat exchanger is going to be massive. No way it could be fit within 2 cubic meters.\nIf you use a lower temperature Rankine cycle, then you will use a heat exchanger to boil water then drive a steam turbine. Water has a high heat capacity, so the heat exchanger will be smaller. However in my experience, heat exchangers for a nuclear plant still tend to be at least twice as large as the reactor itself.", "435" ], [ "Furthermore, steam turbines are not small. It's difficult to find weight specs, but this source gives a craneage weight for an 1.5Mw turbine as 3.4 tonnes. You may be able to shave a bit off that with fancy materials and clever engineering, but I doubt you could get it down low enough for the system to weigh less than 2 tonnes.\nBoth of these would then need to reject the waste heat from the system. This would require forced air convective coolers on your tank. Calculating the size of these is non trivial, so I'm not going to comment on how big they would need to be.\n...and safety is impossible.\nWe often make fun of safety for ruining our fun, but there is no point building a tank if the crew is dead 10 minutes after they roll out of the garage. Shielding this reactor in such a confined area is going to be impossible, and a 5Mw reactor would produce a non-negligible amount of radiation. The shield itself would probably need to be at least half a meter thick (probably larger), and may require it's own active cooling. I just don't think it's doable.\nConclusion\nIf you are desperate to have a nuclear powered tank, I would suggest the following options: - The tank is an ultra-heavy monster tank. At 100s or 1000s of tonnes of tank, I would suggest that scaling laws make nuclear power more viable. Of course, this raises other problems. - The tank is a smaller, unmanned drone tank designed for long term deployment. Smaller 300Kg systems are viable, so you might be able to make a smaller unshielded drone. It's still not going to have a fantastic power to weight ratio, so the only advantage to going nuclear is if you want something that can operate without re-fuelling for long periods. - Artistic licence.", "435" ] ]

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[ [ "How soon is too soon to get another cat after your cat dies?\nMy beloved cat who was only 3 died suddenly (within a minute) traumatically due to an underlying heart condition. This happened a month ago. This was very shocking as he showed virtually no clinical signs. I was absolutely devastated. I loved that cat more than I have loved any animal. My boyfriend feels the same way. This happened a month ago. I cry intermittently about it. I have a memorial for him in my apartment. I will never forget him.\nHowever, I have always had animals in my life. They are very important to me.", "961" ], [ "I’m a vet student in an extremely rigorous and demanding program that chips away at my mental health. I also have mental health problems. Having an animal relieves just a little bit of that pain. I am feeling like I would like another cat. But I am worried. My last cat I loved so so much. He was aggressively affectionate, goofy, and never ever caused problems (no peeing outside litter box, no biting, etc.) im worried about another cat not being this way. I’m also worried it is much too soon to get another cat. My kitty died a month ago. I feel like I’m not honoring him by replacing him. I also feel like it isn’t fair to the other cat I’m bringing in to be a “replacement.” Also people may judge if I just replace my beloved cat.\nI guess what im asking is - when is it too soon to get another cat?", "961" ] ]

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[ [ "These days, it’s not uncommon to find card games that disguise themselves as something much more. They push the envelope and redefine how complex, strategic, and/or thematic a card game can be. Guillotine is the antithesis to these, a basic card game that makes no pretensions. Two decks of cards, a toy (non-working) head-chopper, and that’s all it needs to be a cut above your average filler.\nComponents: See above. The two decks of cards – the action deck and nobles deck - are colorfully designed (with tongue firmly in cheek) on decent quality stock and nicely coated. (Despite all the execution, there is no ‘die’ to roll). Not much more to say on that!\nTheme/Object of the game – You are one of the executioners during the French Revolution just trying to make a name for yourself by executing the highest ranking nobles (based on point value) in line. Of course, other executioners are also out for the fame and fortune you desire. Your job is simple: behead the first noble in line at the end of your turn. But playing the right action card at the right time can make all the difference in the world. The person with the most points at the end of three days of executions is the winner.\nRules: Dirt Simple. You start out with five action cards in your hand and 12 nobles in line to lose their head during day one of executions. You have the option of playing an action card at the beginning of your turn.", "237" ], [ "If so, you execute (pun intended) the action immediately. Whether you’ve played an action card or not, you then must behead the first noble in line, then take another action card from the deck. When there are no more nobles in line, lay out 12 more for the next day. The game is over after three days of executions. Any exceptions to these rules are printed on the cards themselves.\nGameplay: I’m not just sticking my neck out when I say that this is where the game shines. The action cards in your hand allow you to do a variety of things – rearrange the line (or prevent people from rearranging it), add or subtract nobles to the line, assess penalty points to other players, reverse the order of nobles, etc. While this may not be the most strategically challenging exercise, it is unpredictable and fun. Sure, there’s a hefty amount of luck involved, but having a few decisions on which is the best play at any one time is just enough to give you bragging rights when you win.\nGood Stuff – This is a card game that plays in about 15-20 minutes and is a great filler game. Selling for about $15, it’s also a pretty good deal. You can always play fewer hands (days) than prescribe, or reformat the game to make the game longer (but remember, there are only so many nobles cards). Having no small parts also makes this very portable.\nBad Stuff – The game can wear out its’ welcome if it’s played too much, and the theme might be a turn-off for those who are easily offended.\nFinal Words. Guillotine is a wonderful find – a multi-player filler game with a warped sense of humor and an air of unpredictably. It’s not very deep nor is it grandiose, but is a lot of fun. I can see myself picking up this game and keeping it in the car to play at coffee shops or wherever the opportunity presents itself.", "237" ] ]

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[ [ "I can think of three ways that the humans might be able to communicate with each other without the superior AI catching on to it.\nPoetry\nAs mentioned in the question, an artificial intelligence, though it can mimic the analysis or prose and artful devices, only a human can really appreciate the ideas and concepts captured by a poem. Note that the use of a poem would not reveal messages in plain sight but use literary devices to convey the idea rather than exact phrasing.\nAdvantages\nThis seems like a better way for humans to communicate their feelings about situations and their love for each other (maybe?). This also is easy to learn and pickup, and even with the AI's massive database of poetry, even with the ability to add new intercepted poems, it would not become easy to break.\nDisadvantages\nCommunication has a lot to do with clarity and poems may not be the best pick for this, as different people can interpret the same poem with different results.\nCode with Virus\nPerhaps the only weakness to this AI is anything written/spoken must be passed through some interpreter/compiler, and this means the AI could be hacked.", "634" ], [ "As part of the developmental process of the AI, rather than \"escaping the code\" to prevent a virus from running, the AI was developed to \"skip over\" code that it recognizes contains a virus.\nWhen the humans discover this vulnerability, they develop loads of viruses and attempt to shut down the AI. Now, however, the remnants of the viruses they learned and tried to use against the AI, they use as the header of footer of messages with each other.\nAdvantages\nThis completely prevents the AI from reading and learning anything from a human's message.\nThe human's can communicate their message directly, as they know where to look for the actual message and ignore the header and footer code that is the virus.\nDisadvantages\nHumans have to remember and retain the code that is a virus and write it perfectly. This could also mean it takes longer to \"encode\" their message.\nIllogical Statements\nIn the second <PERSON> movie (featuring <PERSON>), <PERSON> and his brother communicate with a simple code that makes complete nonsense to an outsider. They flipped any all truthiness of statements (like: \"I love you\" becomes \"I hate you\").\nThe humans have found that using this coupled with using sentences like, \"this statement is false,\" utterly confuse the AI, resulting in the AI ignoring/failing to process their message.\nAdvantages\nOnce learned, the humans could get in a habit of this and learn to communicate quite easily.\nDisadvantages\nThe learning curve might be harder than I imagine.", "634" ] ]

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[ [ "Twilight Tower of Terror Book Prop\nIntroduction: Twilight Tower of Terror Book Prop\nThis tutorial shows a simple trick how to leather bound a book or other objects using simple things you have at home or to get from your local store.\nIt is a nice Halloween project to do with kids. The glue used however is not suitable for kids so parents should always be supervising!\nFor making a candy bowl for example you can use the same technique but the leather needs to be cut in strips.\nStep 1: What We Need\n1 sheet of Chamois leather (sold for car and window cleaning) It needs to be the real leather kind!\n1 Bottle Furniture wax\n1 tin of Pattex Transparent glue or similar (the stinky stuff you can repair shoes with)\n1 book or notebook\nCutter knife, x-Acto knife and scissors\nsome string\nsome plastic letters, emblems, toys, old pieces of leather, whatever you want to have as a relief.\nYou can 3d print or laser cut custom things but if as most you don´t own a machine you can simply cut out cardboard shapes with scissors. However you would need quite thick cardboard\nIf like in my case you use a notepad, sometimes it is not possible to fold over the leather afterwards, so in this case i use two pieces of plywood that get glued to the book at the end. (also it avoids glue from dripping inside the book.) But you can of course work directly on the book cover.\nStep 2: The Layout\nFirst i need to arange all the decor pieces i want to have on the cover.\nTherefore i mark some helping lines with a ruler to find the exact midpoint and borders.\nAs i am using plywood book covers i let a margin on one edge to fit on another piece of leather or cardboard later in the process as the spine.\nNext i cut out two leather pieces, slightly bigger than the playwood or book cover.\nThe need to be folded and streched over the edge of the book cover later on so make sure they are big enough.\nStep 3: Glue and Pieces\nNext i start gluing the pieces in place.\nIn my case i use some 3d printed parts and some string that has a nice pattern that and will nicely come out afterwards.\nDon´t use hot glue for this as hot glue itself has a high volume and we don´t want to see this in the end product.\nAs in the video i added some cardboard leafs i cutted out with scissors.\nYou can use almost everything you can imagine aslong it will not get dissolved by the glue.\nBe careful to use things that are not to highly detailed. For example in the video i have not used the \"The Hollywood Tower Hotel\" sign as the writing was to small and would not come out later on.", "294" ], [ "Even this chamois leather stretches in 3 dimensions, of course it has its limits.\nHowever for this there is another simple thing we can do later.\nStep 4: The Rough Part\nI lay out some plastic (packing material) to avoid the glue from getting anywhere.\nAt this point i am checking that i have a lot of ventilation in the room as this glue smelles pretty strong of solvent.\nI cut myself a spatula out of cardboard and start spreading a thick layer of glue over both panels.\nImportant is to spread out the glue everywhere, in every little crevice!\nPattex Transparent is a contact glue so we need to smar it on bothe parts we want to join together.\nStep 5: The Careful Part\nThis is probably the only step we want to work clean!\nSo i use a new piece of underlay plastic to make sure there is no glue on it and spread some glue on one side of the leather pieces. Under no circumstances there should be glue coming on the beauty side as the furniture wax we will use later will not stick and the glue stains the material.\nYou can use a nice amount of glue but don´t get to excessive as it could seep thru.\nStep 6: The Magic Moment\nAfter waiting 5 minutes until the glue gets hard to the touch i can now fuse the leather and book cover together.\nThe glue should not stick to your fingers anymore but should not be completely hardened eighter.\nI carefully lay on the leather without pressing it yet. Make sure it is nicely positioned.\nThen i start rubbing it onto the plywood starting in the middle slowly moving outwards. The longer you do this, the more detail will come out. I use some cardboard to help pressing down the leather in tight spots to get a maximum of detail.\nAt this point you see how streachable this leather is. It deforms in any axis and lays on like a skin to the layout.", "556" ] ]

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[ [ "Is the pressure always the same for each phase of a two-phase system?\nI am currently reading a textbook called Engineering and Chemical Thermodynamics but I am stuck in one part about the State Postulate and the Gibbs Phase Rule. The Gibbs Phase rule says that the number of independent intensive properties that one needs to specify to constrain the properties of a given phase is:\nn = Number of Chemical Species - Number of Phases + 2\nTherefore, if there is a two-phase system with one chemical species, such as boiling water, one needs to specify one property in each phase to constrain all the other properties of that phase. However, the author states that we can take advantage of the fact that \"the properties Temperature and Pressure are equal in both phases, thus, if we know either T or P of the system, we constrain the properties in each of the phases\". This statement confused me a lot because the author didn't mention if this applies only for a saturated system. For me, it is logical that the temperature of both of the phases should be the same even if the system is not saturated, however, I am struggling to understand why the pressure of the system is the same for both phases always? The water could be boiling at 100 ºC, which means that the vapor pressure of the liquid water should be 1 atm, but the system could not be saturated and therefore the pressure of the vapor would not be 1 atm.\nI assume that the author says that this applies even for unsaturated systems because of the following lines:\nTo illustrate this concept, consider a pure system of boiling water where we have both a liquid and a vapor phase. The phase rule tells us that for the liquid phase of water, we need only one property to constrain the state of the phase. If we know the system pressure, P, all the other properties (T, vl , ul...) of the liquid are constrained. The subscript “l” refers to the liquid phase. It is omitted on T since the temperatures of both the liquid and vapor phases are equal. For example, for a pressure of 1 atm, the temperature is 100 °C. We can also determine that the volume of the liquid is 1.04x10-3 m3/kg, the internal energy is 418.94 kJ/kg, and so on.", "749" ], [ "The system pressure of 1 atm also constrains the properties of the vapor phase. The temperature remains the same as for the liquid, 100 °C; however, the values for the volume of the vapor (1.63 m3/kg), the internal energy (2,506.5 kJ/kg), and so on are different from those of the liquid.\nThen he said:\nThe pressure (and temperature) in each phase of a two-phase system is equal; hence, if we know P (or T), we know the values of all the intensive properties in both phases. However, we have not yet constrained the state of the system. To do so, we need to know the proportion of matter in each phase. Thus, a second independent intensive property that is related to the mass fraction in each phase is required. Specifying that a system of boiling water is at 1 atm does not tell us how much liquid and how much vapor are present. We could have all liquid with just one bubble of vapor, all vapor with just one drop of liquid, or anything in between.\nIf my question isn't clear enough: if we have \"all liquid with just one bubble of vapor\", how is it possible that the pressure in each phase is equal?, this is confusing me a lot. The only explanation that I can find is that the vapor pressure of the liquid is the same as the vapor pressure of the vapor, however I don't know if the concept of vapor pressure applies for a vapor.\nI would appreciate if someone can clear my doubts on this question. For more details, the chapter of the textbook is 1.5 of the 2nd edition. If I didn't explain myself enough, please let me know. Thanks in advance.", "749" ] ]

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[ [ "Error $L_{2}$ convergence in Finite Element for Poisson Equation\nI have written a Matlab code to solve the equation $-u'' = f$ with conditions $u(0) = u'(1) = 0$ on the domain $x \\in [0,1]$. I tested the code with $f(x) = -2, \\forall x\\in [0,1]$. I check the plot with one of element $n=8$, and the result $u = u^{h}$ agrees:\nHowever, I am testing the convergence error $L_{2}$ for the problem $n=8,16,32,64$.", "935" ], [ "The error plot I get is not giving me the result of $O(\\Delta x^{2})$ where $\\Delta x$ is the fixed step size. I am trying to find if there is a bug. Why is a big change in my error between $n=16$ and $n=32$? It is probably something small in my code, but for some reason I can't figure it out. Thanks in advance!!!! Furthermore, I use a uniform grid $[0,1]$ so $\\Delta x (h)$ is a fixed step size.\nThis is the code that I solve with Matlab and a driver to test the convergence:\n``` % script to generate the uniform mesh for Finite element: % dom = [a b] where a < b is the domain of our problem function [xgrid, h] = generate1d_uniform(n) h=1/(n-1); xgrid=linspace(0,1,n); end\n% implement the solver for Finite Element for Poisson equation function uh = fem1d(n,f)\n% generate the uniform mesh: [x,h] = generate1d_uniform(n); % load vector b = loadVector1D(x,h,f); A = StiffMat1D(x,h);\n% since u0 is 0 Ae=A(2:end,2:end); fe=b(2:end); uhe=Ae\\fe;\n% adjust the boundary condition u(0)=0 uh=[0;uhe]; end\n% function to assembly load vector b: % f is the source function; x is from the domain generate by 1d mesh function b = loadVector1D(x,h,f) n = length(x)-1; b = zeros(n+1,1);\nfor i = 1:n b(i) = b(i) + f(x(i))(h/2); b(i+1) = b(i+1) + f(x(i+1))(h/2); end\nend\n% function to load the stiffness matrix for A: % the local stiffness matrix is of the form Ak = 1/h [1 -1; -1 1] % adjust the A(1,1) = 1 and A(n+1,n+1) = 1 for boundary conditions in this % case u'(1) = 0 and u(0) = 0 function A = StiffMat1D(x,h) n = length(x)-1; Ak = spdiags(ones(n+1,1)[-1 2 -1],-1:1,n+1,n+1); % Adjust the boundary condition u'(1) = 0 Ak(1,1) = 1; Ak(end,end) = 1;\nA = (1/h)Ak; end\n%%% DRIVER for convergence error %%% function driver1 clear all; clc; format short; %number of elements set: nset=[8,16,32,64];\n% source function in part (a) f = @(x) -2.*(0<=x & x<=1);\n% exact solution: u = @(x) x.^2 - 2*x; %define the error L2 set to store the values: errorL2=zeros(size(nset)); hset=zeros(size(nset)); % iteration: niter=length(nset);\nfor i=1:niter\nn=nset(i);\ndisp(n)\nerrorL2(i)=compute_error(u,n,f);\nend\n% write the table for error L2: T1=table(nset', errorL2'); T1.Properties.VariableNames ={'n elements', 'Error L2'}; writetable(T1,'TableError.", "935" ] ]

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[ [ "Lets look at some real-world examples of plants which already absorb and use metals, namely hyperaccumulators.\nHyeraccumulators are plants which can withstand extremely high concentrations of metals otherwise toxic to non-hyperaccumulating plants.\nThey extract metals from the soil and store them within leaves, shoots and their roots. Other plants can also extract metals from soils, but hyperaccumulators can do this at a much, much faster rate and are also able to store incredible quantities of these toxic metals within their tissues.\nBecause of this extraction of metals, hyperaccumulators are commonly used in phytomining, where we use such plants to take minerals out of the soil for us.\nOf course, hyperaccumulators absorb many metals, not just the ones valuable to humans.\nBecause of the toxicity of the metals which are absorbed by hyperaccumulating plants, scientists speculate that the primary purpose of hyperaccumulation, at least, the primary defensive purpose, is to prevent them from being eaten. The concentration of toxic metals within these plants is so high that animals which eat them will die, and so never be found eating them again.\nSo, here on Earth, hyperaccumulators only pad their tissues with toxic metals to decrease the likelihood of their being eaten, but you've stated specific interest in using metals to improve structure, rigidity and strength.\nHowever, if a plant were able to pull metals from the ground like a hyperaccumulator, there's no reason those metals couldn't then be used to strengthen the plant.\nFirst, let's have a look at which metals hyperaccumulators are known to handle:\nName Symbol UTS tensile strength\nAluminium Al 700\nSilver Ag 170\nArsenic As 3\nBeryllium Be 448\nChromium Cr 689\nCopper Cu 220\nManganese Mn -\nMercury Hg -\nMolybdenum Mo 690 Disclaimer:\nLead Pb 17 I am pretty certain that the\nPalladium Pd 325 listed tensile strengths are\nPlatinum Pt 240 inaccurate and inconsistent.\nSelenium Se 500 They should be used just as a\nZinc Zn 28 rough idea of the actual\nstrengths.\nFrom this list, two metals stand out; Aluminium and Chromium.\nBoth incredibly strong metals; this is the same Aluminium used in skyscrapers and jet engines, and the same chromium as used in Chrome plating.\nIf your plants were to hyperaccumulate large enough quantities of these metals, they could capitalise on their strength in many ways. Some examples I thought of were:\n* Reinforcing cell-walls by chrome plating.", "561" ], [ "Currently, plant cell walls are made almost entirely from cellulose, which is (compared to chromium) very weak. By reinforcing this cellulose with chromium, individual cells of your plant would become nigh-indestructable.\n* Building skeletal systems. Along with the Phloem and Xylem of current plants, metal plants might have a third system of vessels, filled with Aluminium, keeping the plant structurally sound. Good luck snapping a twig laced with one of the toughest metals of which we know.\n* Plating the entire plant. If the plant's epidermis were to secrete chromium instead of wax, it could build up a thick layer of chrome plating, which cannot be scratched, corroded or otherwise damaged.\nOf course, now that you have the ability to absorb minerals and metals from the ground, you can use them however you want!", "561" ] ]

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[ [ "Every now and then, people come to boardgamegeek and ask the simple question: \"Which game can you recommend for solo play? The more thematic, the better.\"\nTypically, the answers to this question include the games Onirim, Friday, Ghost Stories, LotR-LCGand, well, this little oddity of a game here, Mage Knight Board Game. The typical recommendation, however, goes a little like this:\n(Enthusiatic) Go and get Mage Knight, definitely the greatest solo experience out there.\n(More calmly) But keep in mind, the rules are pretty complex and take quite a bit of study to get them all right. And the game is long.\n(Shuddering with remembrance of their first few games) Especially for beginners, who need to regularly check some rules.\n(Upbeat again) But the game is so rewarding, it's worth every second you put into learning the rules.\n(More realistically) Okay, make that every single one of the dozens of hours you put into learning the game.\nHowever, none of those second thoughts about the game make the recommender question whether or not Mage Knight really is the kind of game you recommend to a person you hardly know. There is a very good reason for this:\nMage Knight provides you with probably the greatest solo experience out there!\nEven though it probably has a couple of rules too many to give you a realistic chance of getting them right during your first month of playing this.\nBut hey, if you're playing it solo, who cares whether or not you really got every single little detail hidden in the dozens of pages in the rulebooks right?\nSo, what is this game about?\nYou, the player, are a Mage Knight, exploring the Atlantean continent, going down dungeons to fight monsters and win spells or artifacts, hiring people to support you on your quest and take wounds you don't want to take yourself, conquering mage towers and keeps, and dealing with marauding enemies who are hindering your moving around freely. (Not as much as the actual moving mechnics keep you from moving around freely, some might be tempted to add.) And, most importantly of all, you spend your time gaining fame and levelling up.\nThere are different scenarios giving you different objectives, but for the solo game, the goal is to conquer two cities, one stronger than the other, where you (and the guys who you hired during the game) face three to five to six enemies at once. For comparison, in a dungeon, you face one single enemy and hope all will go well.\nSo, the narrative arc, if everything goes well for you, has you going from being somewhat wimpy and unintimidating to being a commander of men, a caster of spells and a scourge to anything he or she lays his or her eyes on with a discontent eye. Awesome!\nYup, Sounds cool, how does it work?\nThere is a map that is built during the game made out of hepta-hex-tiles (tiles consisting of seven hexes). On this map, you will have different terrains on which there are different locations to visit, explore, conquer or burn down, which, except for visiting, usually means defeating an enemy.", "884" ], [ "And talking about enemies, some are placed upon the board and attack you if you try to move in their neighbourhood.\nYou navigate the board and fight these enemies by using cards.\nYou have a starting deck which is slightly different for each hero, i.e. each hero has one card in her deck that is a deluxe version of a card the other decks contain. You will want to get more and better cards into your deck, and you will want to keep wound cards out of your deck.\nAs your hero enters the game, your hand limit is five cards. (This limit will increase by levelling up often enough.) At the end of your turn, you always draw from your deck up to your hand limit. On your turn, you can use the cards in hand to do stuff, keep or discard each of the cards you kept in your hand, possibly get some goodies (like new, better cards for your deck) and then you draw again.\nIt's a deckbuilder, you say. Where you get to keep cards you didn't use in your hand, you say. That's not *that* complicated, you say.\nAnd I answer yes, yes, and well, not yet.\nLet's look at how a player's turn goes, shall we?\nFirst of all, you have the moving phase of your turn. You may play cards that give you movement points, use abilities you get when levelling up to get movement points and exhaust units you recruited to get movement points.", "629" ] ]

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[ [ "First note that LBM doesn't actually work for in-compressible fluids unless you replace the density in your D2Q5 vectors with pressure (or energy etc.. something that doesn't relate to the number of particles per unit volume/area), as density is constant in in-compressible fluids (and I'll be from this point onward considering your LBM implementation in terms of pressure, not density). Second I would probably need to see the code, but it appears your equilibrium equation is wrong.\nIt looks like your equilibrium equation results in collisions with little to no perpendicular flow, and hence why it just looks like a straight shot across your grid.\nHere is visual explanation:\nimagine the following adjacent grid points, where blue represents non zero pressure.\nOn the next step, this is what your simulation looks like it is doing:\nThis is what it should be doing:\nCollisions should result in perpendicular pressure flow to some degree. Think of billiard balls, if you hit one to the side, the ball doesn't just go straight, it hits off at an angle.", "568" ], [ "Now you may be thinking \"even with the billard ball situation, I can't get it to go exactly perpendicular to my collision!\" and there are two factors to this:\n* First LBM equilibrium collision equations happen at the particle level, and the equilibrium equation is supposed to not handle just one collision, but multiple collisions in a time-step. You in effect have multiple \"billiard ball\" collisions to account for (example):\n* The quantized 4 directions + stationary (the Q5 in D2Q5) in LBM are not just supposed to be for the aligned particle movement to that quantized direction, but rather all particles angles more closely aligned with that angle than others. Here is what I'm talking about:\nEach color should correspond to all particles flowing in that solid angle range, not just the particles that happen to flow aligned to the axis. Even in the single collision in the billard ball situation, the ball could still end up going in the \"left general direction\" despite not moving directly left, and would be advected leftwards.\nI'm not sure what your equilibrium equation is, but I would suggest making it more isotropic, making sure that (if for example you use energy) you conserve energy.", "621" ] ]

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[ [ "Dancing Skeletons\nIntroduction: Dancing Skeletons\nA dancing skeletons \"costume\".... this turned into a fall pandemic project.... there were several factors converging....\nFirst, we live too far away from our kids and grandkids for me to help with Halloween costumes.\nSecond, I found an instructable that showed me how to make a skeleton in a way that appealed to me.\nFinally for someone who NEVER forgot to bring her own grocery bags to any store in which I was going to need them, I had a crazy and pandemicly-huge pile of white grocery bags.\nBefore I go any further, thanks very much to <PERSON> who gave permission for me to use her instructables directions for Halloween Skeleton made of Plastic Shopping Bags (10/16/2011) here:\nhttps://www.instructables.com/Halloween-skeleton-m...\nUsing plastic grocery bags for this project, she is a recycler and creator after my own heart. Like <PERSON>, my budget for this project is $0.00. Not only is this a thrifty and great way to keep plastic bags from the landfill, but using the grocery bags make the dancing skeletons light for their dancing partner in the middle to easily keep them upright.\nI love how forgiving in looks the plastic bags, tape and bamboo supports are for this project. What follows are the ways I decided to build it. If you decide to try it, I hope you'll share your ideas!\nStep 1: Tools and Supplies/Materials\nFor the two skeletons, I used twice the materials that CuriousTangles used of course, but I followed her directions with just a few modifications which I'll explain soon.\nSupplies for two separate skeletons:\nAbout 60 white plastic grocery bags\n4 wire coat hangers\nLots of clear packing tape and narrow clear tape\nThread and a black permanent marker\nSupplies/Materials for making the two skeletons dance with me:\n16 bamboo garden stakes\nWhite spray paint\n2 more wire coat hangers for building skeletons\n2 more wire coat hangers helped hanging skeletons\n4 feet of inch-wide and sticky-backed black velcro\nSmall roll of white duct tape, some silver duct tape.\nMore clear packing tape\n2 scrap, foot-long 3/4\" or 1\" pvc pipe\nwhite embroidery floss\nAbout 6 of each- white 4 inch and 8 inch cable ties\nHooks, string and strips of cloth to suspend the contraption while you work on it\nBlack shirt, pants and shoes to wear while in the costume (or just dedicated clothes of your design)\nTools\nVery common hand tools like needles for floss/thread, pliers and scissors.\nTried a hand saw to cut bamboo but had much better luck with loppers (pictured above)\nStep 2: Step 1: Make Skeletons (Actually, CuriousTangles Does This in 7 Steps)\nI used CuriousTangles' excellent instructions: https://www.instructables.com/Halloween-skeleton-m...\nPictures 1 and 2 followed CuriousTangles' methods.\nMODIFICATIONS from CuriousTangles methods are shown in pictures 3, 4 and 5 above.\nThe CuriousTangles' plan is for a skeleton that is fairly flimsy so it will hang freely. On the other hand, Dancing Skeletons will stand on their own somewhat, with help from their live dancing partner in the middle. They need to be sturdier to do this.\nSo the 3rd picture shows the finished shoulders of the skeleton and the base for the hips before fashioning the rib cage with plastic bags.", "929" ], [ "Using pliers and twisting the \"hip\" hanger together with \"shoulders' \" hanger formed the beginnings of a solid spine. I wrapped the intersection tightly with silver duct tape.\nThe 4th picture shows a couple of things: first I needed a way to keep the head sagging down below the chest. I chose to use a small (10\") piece of pvc pipe which I simply taped with packing tape to the head and the upper shoulders piece. This piece of pvc proved to be a good choice and I'll show you why in the next picture. Finally in this pic you see a hanger which I used to gently hold up the skeleton so I could work on it.\nThe fifth and final picture shows the last of modifications to the plastic bag body. I flattened a hanger and then folded it up into two equal pieces. Then I threaded it through the firmly taped pvc pipe to improve the spine even more. If you look below the pipe near the back of the spine you can see uncovered hanger wire. It extends down to the hips and I attached it and covered it with white duct tape. I'll explain about the cloth tied around the neck in this picture in the next step.", "787" ] ]

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[ [ "Remotely Operated WEBCAM / Laser / Camera /flashlight\nIntroduction: Remotely Operated WEBCAM / Laser / Camera /flashlight\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nNEW!\nControl APP (free) to remotely control your laser pointer from your Android device (Wi-Fi, max range: 60 m). Video link. More info here.\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nThis is, basically, a 2 axis (azimuth/altitude or pan and tilt) cable or Wi-Fi controlled robot. Completely OPEN SOURCE (all the design files and control code are fully available for everyone to modify or adapt it to its needs) and with a 3D printed frame. It can hold: small cameras, laser pointers, flashlights, toy guns, a stick…. everything you want to move or point to. It has been designed with these premises in mind:\n1. Have to be easy to print and set-up\n2.", "983" ], [ "Arduino compatible / Python code controllable\n3. With a smooth but fast movement\n4. Accurate\n5. Robust but portable\n6. Adaptable and easy to be modified\nYou can attach to it:\n* Webcams\n* Cameras\n* Lasers\n* flashlights\n* ....\nStep 1: Laser Pointer Robot Specifications\n* Total height: 200 mm.\n* Nº of axis: 2 (altitude and azimuth)\n* Freedom of movement: -60° to +240° altitude, 0° to ±180° azimuth\n* Max rotational speed: 360°/second\n* Total Weight: 920 grams\n* Repeatability (degrees): 0.1\n* Maximum Payload Capacity without the need of weight balancing (laser/torch):120 grams\n* Driving motors: 2x NEMA17 1.8° stepper motor\n* Can control a 12V up to 0.5A light/laser via software when connected to the AUX port on the DEVIA control board.\n* Firmware: Arduino code. Control software: Python. Both are freely available.\n* Xbox /PS4 controller compatible\n* Portable (you can use any 9 to 15V DC battery pack or power source)\nStep 2: Interactive 3D Model and Videos\nSome videos of the robot in action:\nConvert it into a remotely operated webcam:\nControl it using an Xbox/ PS4 controller:\nStep 3: BOM and 3D Printed Parts\nBelow, the items you need to create this robot. The list includes some more bolts than the quantity really needed, but in this case “better to have too much, than too little”\nLaser pointer 3D printed parts 1\nNEMA 17 stepper motor(MT-1703HS168A or equivalent) 2\nMOTOR CABLES (45 cms) 1\nMOTOR CABLES (14 cms) 1\nMouse projector LED torch OPTIONAL\n20 teeth GT2 pulley 2\nCircular Ball bearing 6002RS or 6002ZZ 2\nzip ties (100mm long, 5mm wide) 6-10\n200mm Timing belt (200 GT2) 3\nCable wrap 50 cms (not mandatory but recommended) 1\nSilicone “feet” (to improve its “ground anchoring“) 1\nDEVIA control Board (or equivalent Arduino M0, ESP8266) 1\nMotor drivers A4988 + heatsinks 2\nUSB cable 1m (micro USB connector) 1\n12V/2A Power supply with 2.1mm POWER JACK OPTIONAL\nCar “Lighter socket” power cord with 2.1 POWER JACK OPTIONAL\nBOLTS and NUTS\nM3 6mm bolt 6\nM3 10mm bolt 14\nM3 15mm bolt 10\nM3 45mm bolt 4\nM3 nuts 6\nCamera NUT (tripod type, if you are planning to attach it to a tripod) 4\nIf you want to save the hassle of getting the different elements from different sources and want them all fast, create your own custom Robotic KIT here (and add what you really need)\nStep 4: ASSEMBLY GUIDE: NOTES\nBEFORE STARTING: Most of this robot elements have been “3D printed”.Keep this in mind: You can break it if you apply too much force or tight a screw more that you should. We will let you know, during this assembly guide, when you can tighten the screws as much as you can or where you should just fix a part to another not forcing it at all.", "983" ] ]

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[ [ "Comparing Eigenvectors, Mathematica vs. Matlab\nI am trying to create the same out puts in Mathmatica and Matlab, however I am running into trouble aligning the eigenvectors with the eigenvalues, I think the Matlab is doing something slighly more complex (Ordering/Sorting) than I anticpated.\nusing the example in on the Mathwork website, for [V,D] = eig(A). http://www.mathworks.co.uk/help/matlab/ref/eig.html#btifddh-2\nTestMatrix = {{1, 2, 3}, {3, 1, 2}, {2, 3, 1}}\n[V,D] = eig(A)\nV =\n-0.5774 + 0.0000i, 0.2887 - 0.5000i, 0.2887 + 0.5000i,\n-0.5774 + 0.0000i, -0.5774 + 0.0000i, -0.5774 + 0.0000i,\n-0.5774 + 0.0000i, 0.2887 + 0.5000i, 0.2887 - 0.5000i,\nD =\n6.0000 + 0.0000i, 0.0000 + 0.0000i, 0.0000 + 0.0000i,\n0.0000 + 0.0000i, -1.5000 + 0.8660i, 0.0000 + 0.0000i,\n0.0000 + 0.0000i, 0.0000 + 0.0000i, -1.5000 - 0.8660i,\nHowever running this in Mathematica, i recieve the following eigenvector\nm = N[Eigensystem[TestMatrix]]\nDV = DiagonalMatrix[m[[1]]]\nVec=N[Eigenvectors[TestMatrix]]\nVec={\n{1., 1., 1.},\n{-<PHONE_NUMBER> I, -0.5 + <PHONE_NUMBER> I, 1.},\n{-0.5 + <PHONE_NUMBER> I, -<PHONE_NUMBER> I, 1.}}\nThis is perfectly acceptable, I just now want to get both vectors into the same form. Note The Diagonal Matrix matches, however I seem unable to recreate V.\nFrom reading the Matwork example, V is right eigenvectors. In this case the Form [V,D] = eig(A) returns matrix V, whose columns are the right eigenvectors of A such that AV = VD.", "490" ], [ "& The eigenvectors in V are normalized so that the 2-norm of each is 1.\nTrying to normalise Vec, now in mathematica, I am unable to recreate the results obtained in Matlab. Clearly I am doing something incorrectly, this is where I get a little lost. I have tried the '2-norm' function as described in Matlab, and also the Normalize function, the latter seems a little better but is still incorrect comparing to the results in the matlab example.\nCould someone explain where I am going wrong with this, or simply how to recreate the same results in mathematica.\nHere are my (...I assume...) incorrect attempts.\nFirslty using Normalise.\nTestMatrix = {{1, 2, 3}, {3, 1, 2}, {2, 3, 1}}\nvec = N[Eigenvectors[TestMatrix]]\nTable[Normalize[vec[[i]]], {i, 1, Length[vec]}]\n{{0.57735, 0.57735, 0.57735},\n{-<PHONE_NUMBER> I, -0.288675 + 0.5 I, 0.57735 + 0. I},\n{-0.288675 + 0.5 I, -<PHONE_NUMBER> I, 0.57735 + 0. I}}\nThis quite close, to the Matlab output V, except the matrix seems to have been transposed, times by a negative, and some how the 2nd and 3rd eigenvalues have been switched (Comparing the Egienvalues and Vector columns) Clearly something has gone wrong, I probably shouldn't have used Normalise.\nHowever my attempts using Norm(p,2) are nowhere near to the final resul.\nI see another thread which touches on this topic but doesn't really help. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5648975/matlab-vs-mathematica-eigenvectors\nCan anyone out there explain this?", "490" ] ]

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[ [ "A review based on 7 plays (4 losses, 0 successful aborts, and 3 wins), all 2-player.\nMissed opportunities.\nThis is the phrase that comes to mind when I think of Shadowrun: Crossfire. Don’t misunderstand me – I think this is a solid game, one which my partner and I will play again many times. But it could so easily have been something more, a precious game worth dozens upon dozens of plays. Let me explain.\nThe idea of persistence, of game events whose effects last for multiple games, has long been a mainstay of video games and is one of the most exciting recent trends in the world of board games. Players become especially invested in games like Risk: Legacy and Pathfinder because their actions, as well as other events in the game world, have truly long-term consequences. Shadowrun: Crossfire is another entry into this genre, and it also happens to be a deck-builder in the vein of Dominion. Each player will build a persistent character who gains several experience points, called “karma,” for successfully completing missions and gains much less experience for successfully aborting a failed mission. These points may be spent on upgrades which give characters enduring special abilities, such as the ability to start missions with extra cards or health.\nGame overview\nEach player will build a starting character by combining a race (human, troll, orc, elf, or dwarf) and a class (mage, hacker, fighter, or support). The race determines your character’s starting health, money, and cards in hand, while each class has its own starting deck. In the core scenario of the game, “Crossfire,” these characters will face a series of enemies (“obstacles”) in three progressively more challenging stages. To defeat an enemy, you must play cards with symbols matching all types of damage (blue, red, green, black, or colorless, which can be matched by any color) listed on the enemy card. Most importantly, these levels of damage must be done in order, which gives the game a very puzzle-solving feel. Defeating an enemy yields money, which can be used to purchase much more powerful cards which go directly into your hand.", "755" ], [ "You win by defeating all enemies, lose if every runner is at certain levels of low health (“staggered” or “critical”), and successfully abort otherwise. But every round you will draw a dangerous new Crossfire event (though you get a reprieve of 1-2 rounds with fewer than 4 players), many of which become more powerful still if a certain number of Crossfire events have already occurred, so you must try to defeat enemies at a brisk pace.\nFeel of the game\nThis game requires a great deal more focused thought than any other deck-builder I’ve played, including Dominion, Ascension, and Thunderstone. Solving the puzzle of exactly how and to whom to deal damage is challenging and, for me at least, very satisfying. You will frequently have to make tough and meaningful decisions, like whether to buy a decent card now or a terrific card later, or whether to completely kill a weaker enemy or partly damage a stronger enemy.\nThe Crossfire event deck is also a terrific idea, though I am not delighted with the execution. Since these events usually get much more powerful if a certain number of events have already occurred – in other words, if a certain number of turns have passed – the atmosphere becomes progressively more tense.\nMost importantly, it is difficult to overstate the emotional attachment that comes with building a permanent character who grows stronger over the course of many missions. Time spent playing the game yields not only the hope of immediate victory in that mission, but also the promise of a long-term improvement in your character, the hope of nurturing your puny novice into a grizzled and powerful veteran. What a sparkling idea!\nIf only it were better executed.\nCriticisms\nI’ll start with a sin that Shadowrun Crossfire shares with many eurogames: the sin of purely nominal differences. The game includes four different roles, each with a different starting deck. But in practice, all of the starting decks are identical. For example, the fighter’s deck contains 4 cards which deal 1 black damage and 1 card each dealing red, green, and blue damage, while the mage gets 4 cards dealing 1 blue damage and 1 card each dealing red, green, and black damage. The starting cards have no further abilities, so the difference in starting decks is a difference in color only. How dull! The starting deck for each role should have included at least one asymmetric ability.\nTo be sure, the cards available for purchase differ greatly depending on role: the fighter cards deal moderate damage and distract enemies from attacking other players, the mage cards sporadically deal large bursts of damage, etc. That’s wonderful, but it does not excuse the starting symmetry in roles.", "755" ] ]

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[ [ "Why Did the Giant Ears Cross the Road? To Protest State Surveillance in Macedonia · Global Voices\nThree activists from Metamorphosis Foundation cross the street to the Macedonian government building in Skopje, wearing eyeball and ears costumes to symbolize the illegal surveillance that civic society organizations and journalists have been subjected to. Photo by <PERSON>, used with permission.\nA human-sized eyeball sandwiched between two giant ears cross the street before a government building in Skopje, Macedonia. The trio performed a larger-than-life act of eavesdropping to protest mass state surveillance of journalists and civic groups, an activity that leaked recordings of illegal wiretaps have proven the Macedonian government has been engaged in for years.\nBehind the eye and ears (and the distinct reference to the Beatles’ Abbey Road album cover) were activists from the digital rights non-profit Metamorphosis Foundation and the informal coalition Citizen for Macedonia, who staged the demonstration to honor Freedom Not Fear, an EU-based campaign against mass state surveillance.\nThe big eye pretending to read a newspaper while spying on the municipality of Centar and the mayor, <PERSON>. Photo by <PERSON>, used with permission.\nA massive trove of audio files and archives (known locally as “bombshells”) released by opposition leader <PERSON> almost one year ago revealed that the communications of more than 20,000 individuals in Macedonia had been secretly recorded illegally, including more than a 100 journalists and civil society activists.\nThe big eye and ears took a stroll on 16 October from the government and the headquarters of the ruling VMRO-DPMNE party to the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights, the municipality of Centar, the European Union delegation's building, the weekly magazine Fokus and the Metamorphosis Foundation, where the Meta news agency and Portalb news portal are situated.\nThe big eye and ears in front of the EU delegation's building in Skopje. Photo by <PERSON>, used with permission.\n<PERSON> party claims to have obtained these records from whistleblowers within the Ministry of Interior and has since used them to expose the wrongdoing of the ruling party and, most likely, to draw more supporters into their own ranks. These corrupt behaviors were not news to anyone in Macedonia, but the hard evidence was welcomed by rights advocates who have worked for years to improve transparency and increase public accountability for spending and policymaking by the ruling government.\n<PERSON> (left) from the Directorate for Personal Data Protection and <PERSON>, founder of cybersecurity.mk took part in the debate on “Safety of communications and threats from monitoring and surveillance of communications” (Photo: Metamorphosis)\nAlong with the activists’ public demonstration, on 19 October Metamorphosis hosted a debate on the safety of communications and threats from monitoring and surveillance of communications.\n<PERSON> from Macedonia's Directorate for Personal Data Protection participated as a speaker in the debate.", "739" ], [ "She addressed the role of telecom operators in the process of eavesdropping, collecting and processing data from telephone conversations:\nThere are standards according to which communications can be monitored and personal data can be collected, and every violation [of these standards] is actually a violation of privacy. Telecom operators and [Internet service providers] should have mechanisms for guaranteeing their user’s privacy, and providing safety and confidentiality of their data and communications. They need to take technical measures to secure the data, and destroy the data if the purpose for their collection has been fulfilled.\nRecent reforms require telecommunications operators to build “back doors” into their technologies so that the Security and Counterintelligence Service, known as UBK, can listen to the conversations of just about anyone it chooses. Although the Constitution requires that the UBK obtain a court order before doing so, the new policy and practice disregards this requirement altogether.\nIt seems that the telecom operators have been compliant in this illegal surveillance scheme all along. According to <PERSON>, telecom operators in Macedonia collect and store all telephone metadata for 12 months. European Union regulations would prohibit such a lengthy storage period, an important detail as Macedonia is currently seeking accession to the EU.\n<PERSON> also confirmed that the directorate has not initiated proceedings on behalf of citizens affected by what the wiretaps revealed, and explained that this is because none of the individuals who were wiretapped had submitted a complaints about their cases thus far. This is not surprising, given rapidly declining levels of citizens’ trust in their government.\nBesides the debate, a workshop on the safe use of mobile phones was held in Skopje (Photo: Metamorphosis)\n<PERSON> from Internet Hotline Provider – Macedonia, a local civil society organization that works on the protection of digital rights, spoke on instances of online harassment in which wiretap recordings have been used to embarrass or shame political elites.", "409" ] ]

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[ [ "Attractive higgs force and inflation\nInflation was the extreme accelerating expansion of the universe, see here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology) It worked in a similar way to dark energy but was so strong it would easily tear atoms apart (if it wasn't far to hot for atoms to form in the first place).\nThe weird thing about inflation and dark energy is that they are under tension.\n[Optional reading]: Explanation of how pressure works backwards in general relativity\nIn general relativity, pressure itself is attractive. This is not because it takes energy to compress materials, the energy put in to compressing something simply shows up as extra mass. This is an extra effect.\nSuppose you dive deep into a (non-rotating) neutron star (pretend the center is liquid) and measure the central density (as a swimmer would gauge the inertial resistance of water). You then move 1mm away from the core, release a pellet of dark matter (which goes right through everything so it has no buoyancy), and measure the acceleration towards the center (because of the shell theorem and the slow maximum speed of the pellet (~10 m/s), you can assume newtonian gravity in the local vicinity).\nThe measured acceleration will be greater than the calculated acceleration, up to almost twice as much. This is a consequence of light bending twice as much as \"expected\" and can be derived from special relativity using a reference frame with constant acceleration.\nPressure is equivalent to an exchange of fast-moving particles. These \"virtual\" particles \"bend more\" toward a mass and conversely the mass is pulled back more toward it.", "781" ], [ "The inflation field was under enormous tension, which is the exchange of negative mass particles, and it created a repulsion. Another effect is that work must have been done on the inflation energy as space expanded, just as it energy is added to a rubber band when you pull on it. This work showed up as more inflation energy, and meant that it does not dilute when space expands. Eventually, the pressure/density ratio, (equation of state) went above the critical value of -1 and the field began to dissipate. The -1 \"critical value\" also causes that the fluid to be <PERSON> invariant, which means there is no preferred reference frame.\nThe question itself\nThe Higgs particle is a purely attractive force, see here:\nhttp://profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/particle-physics-basics/the-known-forces-of-nature/the-strength-of-the-known-forces/\nCould the Higgs force create a strong enough tension (perhaps with help from other forces?) to overwhelm the positive pressure effects of quantum degeneracy and heat and leave enough tension to cause inflation? If so you would not need GUT or TOE speculations for the mechanism of inflation. Furthermore, you could quantify it's strength and the nature of it's eventual decay.", "651" ] ]

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[ [ "Mini Apple Pies Made With 3D Printed Lattice Cutter\nIntroduction: Mini Apple Pies Made With 3D Printed Lattice Cutter\nMiniature, individual apple pies are great for casual gatherings, they don't require plates and forks and keep the clean up to minimum. Made with sweet pastry and filled with caramel sauce and small, cinnamon infused apple pieces.\nI made 3D printed pastry cutters to speed the process and keep the pies looking neat and even. It's a perfect solution for people who don't want to spend ages creating traditional lattice on each miniature pie, also great for people who have to make large quantities of small pies, this methods saves a lot of time and sanity, as well as people who own 3D printers, because let's be honest - if you have a 3D printer you don't need much incentive to fire it up and make something useful.\nSupplies\nFOR 10 PIES:\n1. PASTRY:\n2. 250G ALL PURPOSE FLOUR\n3. 125G UNSALTED BUTTER\n4. 60G CASTER SUGAR\n5. 1 SMALL EGG\n6. 1TBS MILK\n7. PINCH OF SALT AND 1 TSP VANILLA EXTRACT\n* FILLING:\n* 600-700G CRISP APPLES\n* 70G CASTER SUGAR\n* 2TBS BUTTER\n* 1-2 TSP CINNAMON\n1. CARAMEL:\n2.", "763" ], [ "100G CASTER SUGAR\n3. 35G UNSALTED BUTTER\n4. 90ML CREAM\n5. 1 TSP VANILLA EXTRACT, PINCH OF SALT\n* PASTRY EGG WASH:\n* 1 SMALL EGG\n* SPLASH OF MILK\nStep 1: STL FILES\n1) (RED) BOTTOM CUTTER, 85MM DIAMETER\n2) (YELLOW) LATTICE CUTTER, 95MM DIAMETER\n3) (GREEN) COOKIE PRESS\n4) (BLUE) COOKIE PRESS HANDLE\nBottom cutter has a second circle cutter inside, it won't cut through pastry, but it will leave a shallow indentation to show how much filling should go in.\nLattice cutter I made is just your traditional square pattern, but that's just basic. You can always make your own lattice cutter with different patterns. Try circles, hearts, flower patterns, geometrical shapes...there are countless possibilities. Notice that the top cutter is larger than the bottom one.\nAll walls in cutters have to be 0.6mm thick, so they can be printed in one single wall. Print in 0.2 layer height, 10% infill, enable retraction to prevent stringing.\nStep 2: CARAMEL\nCombine sugar, butter and cream in a saucepan, cook on medium for 6-8 minutes, stir occasionally.\nYou will know it's ready when caramel thickens and changes colour to light brown. Add vanilla extract and a pinch of salt once it's thickened.\nLeave it to cool down to room temperature.\nYou want caramel to be soft and spreadable.\nStep 3: APPLE FILLING\nPeel and cut apples into small, 1/4 inch cubes.\nCombine sugar and butter in a saucepan, cook on medium for about 5 min until caramel changes colour to light brown.\nAdd apples to the saucepan, sprinkle with cinnamon.\nCook on medium heat for 10-15min, stirring occasionally until filling reduces in volume, apples turn light brown and most of the liquid is reduced.\nLeave it to cool down.\nStep 4: PASTRY\nPut flour, sugar, salt and cold, cubed butter into a food processor, pulse until mixture resembles wet sand.\nWhisk the egg, vanilla extract and a splash of milk together, keep the food processor running and slowly pour the mixture through a feed hole. Mix for 30 seconds and turn off.\nTip the dough onto floured surface and quickly knead the pastry until it all comes together. Shape into a flattened disc, cover in cling film and refrigerate for 2 hours.\nStep 5: PUFF PASTRY VERSUS SHORTCRUST PASTRY\nIn case anyone was curious how this recipe looks like with store bought pastry.\nIn both pictures on the left we have puff pastry, on the right we have shortcrust pastry.\nNot much of a difference visually, both rise a little bit, but not enough to distort the pattern.\nPuff pastry is not as sweet as home-made shortcrust pastry, so I prefer to use it with sweeter apple varieties. I only ever use sweet shortcrust with crisp apples to balance the flavours.", "763" ] ]

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[ [ "Easy Salted Caramel & Peanut Butter, Chocolate Dipped Banana Popsicles\nIntroduction: Easy Salted Caramel & Peanut Butter, Chocolate Dipped Banana Popsicles\nI've always liked frozen bananas dipped in chocolate, but I was looking for a way to make them even better.\nFrozen bananas dipped in chocolate taste pretty good. Frozen Bananas filled with salted caramel and peanut butter and dipped in chocolate taste amazing!\nThese popsicles are easy to make and, while there is a bit of cooling and freezing time involved, they come together fairly quickly.\nSupplies\nYou will need:\nBananas\nPopsicle Sticks (2 per banana)\nDark chocolate ( how much you need will depend on the container you use for dipping)\nPeanut butter (about a teaspoon per banana)\nFor the Salted Caramel Sauce:\nThe recipe makes much more than you need for a few bananas but there's no such thing as too much salted caramel sauce! Left over sauce can be stored in a sealed container in the fridge.\n1/2 cup Sugar\n1/4 cup Water\n1/4 cup Cream\n28g Butter (cut into cubes)\n1/4 teaspoon Salt\n1/4 teaspoon vanilla extract\nTools and Utensils:\nFreezer safe container\nMicrowave safe / heat proof bowls\nSmall saucepan\nWhisk\nKnife\nMeasuring spoons\nHeat proof spatula\nContainer for dipping the bananas (I used a small glass)\nPastry brush\nKitchen scale\nStep 1: Making the Salted Caramel Sauce\nPlace the Sugar and water in a small saucepan over medium heat and slowly stir until the sugar is melted. Do not stir the sugar after this.\nIf sugar crystals form on the sides of the saucepan, brush them off with a pastry brush dipped in water. Swirl the pot carefully to mix the sugar if it's not changing colour evenly.\nBring the sugar to a boil and heat until it's a golden brown/amber/caramel colour. A darker colour will result in a more bitter tasting caramel. If you accidentally take it too far, try adding more salt to balance out the bitter taste. I've saved very dark caramel this way.\nRemove the sugar from the heat, add the cubed butter and stir with a whisk to combine.\nAdd the cream, vanilla extract and salt and stir with a whisk.\nTransfer the sauce to a heat proof bowl and leave it to cool to room temperature.\nStep 2: Cut and Scoop the Bananas\nWhen the caramel sauce has cooled to room temperature, cut each banana in half crosswise.\nThen cut each half in half, lengthwise. Make sure you keep the matching quarters together.\nUsing a small spoon ( I used a quarter teaspoon measuring spoon) scoop out about half a teaspoon of the banana, leaving the top and bottom intact.\nStep 3: Assembling the Popsicles\nMelt the peanut butter in a microwave safe bowl 20 to 30 seconds at a time. I had about a tablespoon of peanut butter and it took about a minute to melt.", "604" ], [ "Put the melted peanut butter in a plastic bag or piping bag and cut off a small piece of the tip.\nPipe a line of peanut butter in each banana quarter. Alternatively you could spread the peanut butter in the banana with a knife, but the bananas are quite slippery, so you might not get even peanut butter distribution this way.\nFill each scooped out banana quarter with salted caramel. In my case it took about a 1/2 teaspoon per quarter.\nPlace a popsicle stick on one of the banana quarters and then place the matching quarter on top. My bananas were too short for my popsicle sticks, so I cut about a third off each popsicle stick.\nThe caramel shouldn't ooze out of the sides, but if it does or if you're worried that it will, you can wrap them in tin foil or cling wrap before you freeze them.\nPlace the filled and assembled bananas in a freezer safe container and freeze them until they're solid. I put them in the freezer for about 2 hours.\nStep 4: Prepare the Chocolate for Dipping\nHow much chocolate you need will depend on the container you're using for dipping. I used a small glass that was just big enough to dip and cover half a banana. Preferably the container should be microwave proof, in case you need to reheat the chocolate.\nTo start I filled the glass with chocolate pieces to measure how much I would need. A glass and a half of chocolate pieces melted down to about a glass. I ended up using 180g of chocolate.\nI used 1.", "136" ] ]

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[ [ "How to go about separating two cats with minimal damage?\nMy housemate and I recently adopted two kittens (3 months old). One kitten is technically hers, and the other is technically mine (we each adopted one).", "311" ], [ "We are both graduate students with 3-4 years left in our program, and the original plan was that when we go our separate ways, we'll take our respective kittens with us. However, I just found out that it can be harmful for bonded cats (I don't know if they're bonded, but they do like to play together) to be separated from each other -- this is something we definitely should have thought about, but it did not cross our minds at the time and I feel awful about it. We are both unable to take both cats with us -- is there anything we can do as they're growing up / when the time comes to minimize potential harm? Any advice is appreciated!!", "679" ] ]

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[ [ "Most of the current techniques proposed are extremely low-bandwidth, mainly focused on pre-digital age techniques. It makes more sense that a starfaring alien race would be far more advanced than humans, and they should be able to do far more with digital techniques than we can.\nEven if the mind onboard the nanobot is of human intelligence, the nanobot itself should be equipped with powerful digital manipulators capable of sending signals either via wired or wireless connections, allowing the mind to make digital connections.\nWi-Fi and radio\nI would disagree with the author's claim that a nanobot the size of a mosquito doesn't have enough space/power to implement a wireless radio.\nMicron-sized graphene nano-radios (2-4µm in diameter) have been built with existing human technology with sufficient quality to transmit FM radio audio signals. It is clear that alien nanotechnology which can power a complete sentient mind within a structure the size of a mosquito can do much better in terms of miniaturisation.\nOn the power side, radios require very low powers to operate. The S-scale used in radios measures the received signal intensities, and signals below -100dBm can be detected. This translates to powers of 0.1pW. For comparison, the kinetic energy of a flying mosquito is about 160 nJ, which is three orders more energy than it takes to transmit at -100dBm for a second.\nTherefore, the mosquito-nanobot can simply announce its presence on the nearest FM or AM radio by directly transmitting an audio signal into the antenna, which would be picked up and amplified as audio signals.\nAlternatively, it can also hijack the nearest WiFi access point by flashing its firmware.", "790" ], [ "Many access points have weak (WEP) or no protection, allowing them to be hacked and used for information dissemination by the mosquito nanobot. USB\nIn any case, the usage of a radio is completely unnecessary, when you can essentially perform arbitrary actions on a target computer.\nUSB is a convenient mechanism that allows arbitrary devices to be powered directly from the port and which often trigger autorun programs on the attached computer. USB can also be used to drive keyboards and mice, which can be used to display programs in plaintext on the targeted device.\nFor example, the mosquito-nanobot can connect to the USB port and masquerade as a USB keyboard. On a Windows machine, it can then enter the key sequence Win-R , notepad , enter followed by arbitrary input announcing its presence. Even if the nanobot did not already know the USB keyboard protocol, it could easily tap the signal of an actual keyboard and quickly learn the correct sequence of electrical signals required for sending keystrokes to the computer. A plot point can be made on the alien making incorrect keystrokes during this learning process, causing the human protagonist to suspect that his computer has been hacked.\nIt can also announce itself as a USB hub, which has a mass storage device as well as a keyboard attached. It can then load arbitrary images, text, audio and video onto the computer of the target in order to convince the target of its authenticity.\nMass media studios\nWhile televisions are on the way out as a form of mass media, many people still watch television, especially so for the case of news broadcasts, which are often live and therefore not subject to editing, allowing the alien nanobot to inject audio signals.\nThe mosquito nanobot could position itself on the line-in connection of a microphone wire, and transmit audio signals that are broadcast to the entire audience of the TV station.\nThis has the added benefit of causing a number of alien fanatics to become primed towards the existence of the mosquito alien, which would make its job much easier at finding receptive people for it to converse with and who will believe the messages.", "790" ] ]

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[ [ "Introduction\nI've never played We the People, the game this is based on, and the American Revolutionary War isn't my usual area of gaming interest; however, given its pedigree, I really felt I had to take the opportunity to get this game.\nThis review is about Washington's War from GMT Games. The game was designed by <PERSON>, who has a storied career in game design with well over 60 titles to his credit (including expansions and modules). I find it not a little ironic that despite my over three decades of gaming that this is the first time I've either owned or played a <PERSON> design!\nThe advertised playing time is 90 minutes. This is the first GMT game I can recall with the estimated playing time on the back of the box. I applaud this move from GMT and hope they continue this with future releases.\nTheme\nWashington's War is a card driven game about the American Revolution, with the forces of King <PERSON> fighting American colonists fighting for independence.\nComponents\nLet's have a look inside the box.\nThe game features a gorgeous linen finish mounted board depicting the eastern portion of the United States (and a small piece of Canada).\nThe counters are nice and thick, reminiscent of GMT's recent Deluxe Twilight Struggle. It has British and American forces, in a similar style to the unit counters of Here I Stand. In addition, there are leader counters (both standard sized and stand up sized versions so the decision of which one to use is up to the individual players).\nThere are a large number of political control markers to show which side controls any specific area on the map. The state abbreviations are inside the circles, so for those who aren't as familiar with US geography as they might like, I recommend the solution <PERSON> introduced me to for Unhappy King Charles! of using bingo tokens which have the benefit of being transparent.\nThe cards are of the standard excellent quality we've come to expect and enjoy from GMT. The deck is roughly 50-50 events and ops cards, with the ops cards being divided into 1, 2, and 3 ops point cards.\nThe dice are perfectly functional, but not as pretty as the dice I'm used to from GMT.\nThe rule book is clear and concise, and in keeping with the latest releases such as is in colour and full of examples. In addition, there's a play book and 2 copies of an identical double sided player aid.\nRules and Game Play\nVictory Conditions\nWinning can happen one of two ways. First, elimination of all enemy combat units on the board (British win = all American and French in US and Canada are eliminated, American win = all British units in the 13 colonies eliminated).", "92" ], [ "Second, after the North's Government Falls - War Ends special event strategy card, in which case a political control victory is determined. In a political victory, the Americans win if they control 7 or more colonies, and the British win if they control 6 or more colonies. Canada is included in the colony count. Control of a colony depends on political markers - whoever has the majority controls the colony. Note that if both sides are tied, or \"both sides win\", then the British win.\nOk, now that I know the victory conditions, how do I play?\nWashington's War begins with both players placing their starting forces and political control (PC) markers on the map as per the scenario instructions. Then the American player adds 1 PC marker in each of the 13 colonies in any space that's available. Then the British add 2 more PC markers with certain restrictions.\nOnce the board is set up, play begins with the following turn sequence:\n- reinforcement phase\n- strategy cards\n- strategy phase\n- winter attrition phase\n- French naval phase\n- political control phase\n- end phase\nReinforcement Phase\nDuring the reinforcement phase, generals in the captured general box is moved to the reinforcement box, and reinforcements on the turn track are deployed on the board.\nStrategy Cards\nEach player is dealt 7 cards for the coming turn. The American always get the first card, and reshuffles occur as needed. There are some cards which are added at specific junctures in the game.\nStrategy Phase\nThe American player decides who will go first in the turn, unless the British player preempts this by the play of a major or minor campaign card (see \"What can I do with my cards\", below). Players then alternate until both are out of cards. It's possible that one player may run out of cards before their opponent thanks to events, in which case one player will have the benefit of playing out their turn uninterrupted by their opponent.\nWinter Attrition Phase\nDuring the winter, all units are checked for attrition. The French, Americans and British all have different attrition conditions.\nFrench Naval Phase\nAfter winter attrition, the American player relocates the French naval unit to any blockade zone they wish.", "597" ] ]

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[ [ "grouping/clustering of lines using Hough transform\nI am new to Hough transform, though I have some basic idea about it. I am currently trying to fit the best line to a cluster of points $\\left(x_i, y_i\\right), i = 1,2,\\cdots , N$, where there are many outliers, as well. The true points have very low noise. So, the main issue is to correctly identify outliers and reject them. Here is my approach to fit the best line: 1. Make accumulator matrix in <PERSON> space of $\\left[r, \\theta\\right]$, where $r\\in \\left[-50 \\ \\ 50\\right]$ and $\\theta\\in \\left[-\\pi/2 \\ \\ \\pi/2\\right]$. Assume that $r$ is discretized in 100 values and $\\theta$ is discretized in $180$ values. So, the size of accumulator matrix is $100\\times 180$. 2. For each pair of $\\left(r_i,\\theta_j\\right)$, find the number of points passing through it. Assign this number to row $i$ and column $j$ of the accumulator matrix. 3. For each value in position $\\left(i,j\\right)$, in the matrix, find if it is a local maxima. Store the row and columns of all local maxima. 4. The local maxima correspond to the prominent lines that can be created using the points in the cluster. 5. Iterate over all local maxima i.e. iterate over $ (\\bar{r}_i+\\Delta r, \\bar{\\theta}_j+\\Delta \\theta)$ where $ (\\bar{r}_i, \\bar{\\theta}_j)$ correspond to the local maxima and $\\Delta r$ and $\\Delta \\theta$ are the perturbations in their corresponding local maxima. Group together all $ (\\bar{r}_k, \\bar{\\theta}_l)$ which are part of local maxima computed in steps 3 and 4 and which lie within $ (\\bar{r}_i+\\Delta r, \\bar{\\theta}_j+\\Delta \\theta)$.", "490" ], [ "6. Compute the mean of $\\bar{r}$ and $\\bar{\\theta}$ using all the values grouped in step 5 and then perturb this value by $\\Delta r$ and $\\Delta \\theta$ and go back to step 5. In each iteration we exclude those points which have already been grouped. 7. WE iterate only for 3 to 4 times , after which all the values which have been grouped together will be used to find an approximate line. 8. Now we start a new iteration over left-over maxima to form a new group i.e. repeat steps 5 and 6. 9. Once we have assigned a group to each maxima, we find distance between each pair of groups. We can define any robust metric for computing this distance. 10. If for a given pair the distance between clusters is within merging threshold, we repeat steps 5 to 8. 11. Once we ensure that no more groups can be merged, we fit approximate line to each group. 12. The group that has the least fitting error is the best line that can be fit in the cluster of points.\nI am not sure whether this approach is correct, but there is one issue with it. a point may belong to multiple values of $\\left(r_k, \\theta_l\\right)$ i.e. a point $\\left(x_i, y_j\\right)$ may belong to several $\\left(r_k, \\theta_l\\right)$ and as such the points in the groups are not unique.\nIs there a better way to cluster lines? I came across this paper which tries to solve similar problem. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/37833\nIs there any other method of better computational complexity or convergence?", "506" ] ]

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[ [ "Imagine that you are at 80 degrees north and 0 degrees east (on the Prime Meridian).\nIt is only 10 latitude degrees from you to the north pole.\nNotice that the distance from you to the 45th meridian (shown in green) is about 7 latitude degrees ($\\sin{\\pi/4}\\cdot 10$) because if you walked to the closest point on the 45th meridian, the north pole would be directly to your left and the three points 1) the closest point on the 45th meridian, 2) the north pole, and 3) 80 degrees north on the prime meridian almost form an isosceles 45-45-90 triangle.\nIf you draw a circle around the position (80 North, 0 East) with radius of 7 latitude degrees, the maximum latitude would be 87, the minimum latitude would be 73, the maximum longitude would be about 45 degrees east, and the minimum longitude would be about -45 degrees (45 degrees west).\nAlso, the point on the 45th meridian closest to your starting position (80N 0E) would have a latitude of about 83 degrees, not 80 degrees.\nThe example above illustrates that the spacing between longitude lines gets closer near the poles.\nIn general, if you are at the position ($\\delta$ north, $\\alpha$ east) and you draw a circle around yourself with \"radius\" $\\rho$, then the min/max latitude/longitude of the enclosed points would be $\\delta-\\rho$, $\\delta+\\rho$, $\\alpha - \\gamma$, $\\alpha + \\gamma$ where $$ \\gamma = \\mathrm{arcsin}\\left(\\frac{\\sin\\rho}{\\cos\\delta}\\right). $$ (where $\\rho$ is the angle between you and the edge of the circle as seen from the center of the Earth). Notice that\n* if $\\delta=0$, then $\\gamma=\\rho$,\n* $\\gamma\\geq\\rho$,\n* if $\\pi/2-|\\delta|=\\rho$, then $\\sin\\rho=\\cos\\delta$ and $\\gamma=\\mathrm{arcsin}(1)=\\pi/2$, and\n* if $\\pi/2-|\\delta|<\\rho$, then there is no solution for $\\gamma$ because a pole is enclosed by the circle.\nThe formula can be derived from dot products between your position vector and the vector perpendicular to the either extreme meridian. I need to do a lot of visualization and to fix several false starts to get it right.\nFor the original example of a circle around 80N 0E with radius 7 degrees, the formula yields $$ \\gamma = \\mathrm{arcsin}( \\sin(7\\pi/180)/\\cos( 80\\pi/180))\\cdot180/\\pi = 44.573 \\mathrm{\\ degrees} $$ which is close to the estimated 45 degrees.", "371" ] ]

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[ [ "In the spring of 2013 and 2014 a group of college professors got together to play and discuss games. Overall the group contained two psychologists, an economist, a classicist, a media studies professor, an anthropologist and a biologist. Our main focus involved whether we could pull games or game mechanisms into our classrooms. We were purposefully open-minded about how this might happen (e.g., as content, simulations, mechanics, etc.). Being academics, the discussions often went off into other directions. Time permitting, I will occasionally try and share the gist of some of the conversation surrounding a particular game. Up today:\nImage by <PERSON>:\nEngaging co-op with a tense, puzzle-like play.\nVery difficult to win.\nThe game, as a game is very good, but not great – easy to pick up, engaging, but just a tad repetitive in game play. However, the game as a sort of metaphorical monument is a masterpiece.\nSome Thoughts on “Replay Value”\nWe academics are often accused of researching the obvious. “Hey look, a study has determined that pornography is arousing,” or “Wow, waddaya know? Research has discovered that drinking water with sewage in it can make you sick.” So let me begin this review with a statement of suitable profundity: One of the great things about games is that we get to play them again. I’m only partly joking there. Much of life does not fall into the category of “replayable.” Games do, and what I’m going to try to do in this review is convince you that “replay” is valuable in ways that you might not have considered. Warning. What follows is long, although I hope the journey is worth your time. Besides which would you rather have, <PERSON> or this?\n<PERSON> does LotR\nBefore turning to the review proper, though, just to be clear, I’m not talking about “replay value” as it is typically used in BGG discussions. On the Geek, “replay value” is usually used to refer to the repeated “freshness” of a game – the variability it offers in the type, sequence, and significance of its within game decisions. Using “replay value” in this manner, we’d say that craps has a lower replay value than, say, chess. Once you know the probability distribution for 2d6, then craps is no longer a game so much as it is a recipe.", "504" ], [ "The rules of chess, on the other hand, enable more opportunities to encounter novel situations from one game to the next and to discover the consequences of different moves within those situations. These consequences can then be built up into “styles” of play: conservative, aggressive, reckless, etc. Without a doubt, chess has a higher “replay value” than craps.\n…Unless, of course, you happened to live in 16th and 17th century Italy. Those of you that know a little bit about the history of probability theory will recognize the importance of that time period. Let’s just say that if probability theory hasn’t been invented, then there are many reasons to play craps over-and-over-and-over-and-over-and-over. For that matter, even in the 21st century there are reasons to play craps over-and-over-and-over-and-over-and-over. Maybe you suspect that your dice are biased. Maybe you want to study decision biases such as the gambler’s fallacy or the hot hand fallacy. What I’m getting at here, is that if we consider a game like craps as a tool for exploring something beyond the within-game contingencies (fancy psychology word that means the causal structure of a particular environment), then the notion of “replay value” acquires a slightly different meaning that is typically assumed. The value of replay emerges in its ability to tell us something outside of the game.\nLet me put it like this, and I promise that this is the last aside before we get to Freedom , itself. How many of you had a book when you were younger that you read and re-read and re-read and re-read? Me, when I was a tween, I read <PERSON> The Tripods trilogy about 20 times straight. Well, mostly the first two books, The White Mountains and The City of Gold and Lead . Read. Finish. Start over. The same went for <PERSON> Harriet the Spy and <PERSON> My Side of the Mountain . For me, at that period in my life, these books had a high “replay value.” But how is that possible?", "118" ] ]

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[ [ "Error in Dirac Bracket Calculation for Wikipedia?\nI am reading a Wikipedia article on Dirac brackets. At the bottom of the page \"illustration on example provided\" the article states that for a system with constraints: $$ \\phi_1 = p_x + \\frac{qB}{2c}y \\approx 0 \\Longrightarrow p_x = -\\frac{qB}{2c}y, $$ $$ \\phi_2 = p_y - \\frac{qB}{2c}x \\approx 0 \\Longrightarrow p_y = \\frac{qB}{2c}x. $$\nThe Dirac bracket is given by: $$ {f, g}{DB} = {f, g}{PB} + \\frac{c}{qB}{f, \\phi_1}{PB} {\\phi_2, g}{PB} - \\frac{c}{qB}{f, \\phi_2}{PB} {\\phi_1, g}{PB} . $$\nThe article then states that $$ {p_x, p_y}_{DB} = - \\frac{qB}{4c}.", "394" ] ]

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[ [ "I agree with <PERSON>' brilliant analysis and conclusion. Preventing WWII from happening is key, as well as preventing the rise of the Soviet Union. The simplest way to start is to prevent WWI.\nThe post-WWI economic and political landscape in Germany was such that it was bound to produce a charismatic leader that would unite the Germans and rally them to become a great power once again. Although history decided on <PERSON>, I'm sure there were many others that were standing in line ready to play that role. The anti-Semitic sentiment being what it was in Europe at the time would have been used to further gather followers (much as some politicians use popular stance on immigration to further their campaigns). This gradually increasing anti-Semitic attitude drove many of the leading theoretical physicists and scientists of the time, a remarkable number of which are of Jewish descent, to leave Germany to what would be Allied countries during WWII. As WWII broke out, the wartime atmosphere led both the Axis and the Allies to pool the finest scientific minds they could and invest heavily in science and technology. We hear about geniuses such as <PERSON>, <PERSON>, <PERSON>, <PERSON>, <PERSON>, <PERSON>, <PERSON>, and many others being brought together in Allied countries. This facilitated collaboration between these geniuses and as a result, a lot of technologies, prototypes, and theories were developed at an unprecedented rate. The foundation of many different areas of study were laid during WWII.", "714" ], [ "The rise of the USSR only made America double-down on military technology and scientific investment, which created the environment for the development of more modern technologies during the Cold War with the Soviet Union.\nAlthough scientific advancement can't be entirely prevented, the acceleration of technological development is directly linked to WWII and the Cold War. Since WWI set the stage for WWII, preventing it would slow technological progress significantly. As well, if countries have other things to worry about than war, they won't typically allocate as many resources to scientific achievement as they would otherwise in a state of defense.\nAs I've studied the state of the world just prior to WWI, it seems conflict was unavoidable. The various political alliances and anti-government sentiments in certain countries make it a rat's nest of causes and effects. However, there are a few small things that may have changed the outcome:\n* Stop <PERSON> from assassinating <PERSON>. This was the event that led to the July Ultimatum that Serbia rejected, causing Austria-Hungary to declare war. This may not help too much since there were others involved in the plot and possibly more waiting in case this failed.\n* Convince <PERSON> to listen to other war advisors not to enter WWI and give up Serbia completely, hindering the involvement of more countries in the war.\n* Convince <PERSON> to learn from the events leading to the 1905 revolution, stopping the momentum that the Bolsheviks used in 1917 and hindering the creation of the Soviet Union.\n* Convince the rulers of Austria-Hungary to remove Point 6 from their July Ultimatum, which states that Austro-Hungarian troops would suppress \"subversive movements\". This was the one point that the Serbian government would not accede to.\nAdmittedly, these events may not prevent the war. It was a volatile time in history and events may have unfolded in a similar fashion with different actors. However, this does seem like a short list of somewhat achievable tasks.", "714" ] ]

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[ [ "My sister took my dog name\nI've had this name for years. I've said multiple times how I would love to name a dog this. I know I mentioned this to her as recently as this summer.\nI know if I said anything she'd deny that she remembers me saying this. I actually would believer her.", "888" ], [ "For some reason family members always forget that I'm the one who said something, or they forget that I was with them when so and so happened. My friends don't do this.\nIt really irks me. When I'm in a position to get a pet I'm still going to use the name, but I kinda wonder if she will say anything. I would just love to have the conversation. I'm not so petty that I'm going to say you can't use that name in the first place, but i'd still like to talk about it.\nAny advice with how to deal with this?\nI know, first world problems.", "888" ] ]

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[ [ "Stress Positions\nAs a dramedy I do feel the dram- here is a little spottier than the -edy, slash I guess I had trouble understanding how the voiceover backstory with the mom connected to the rest of the movie. With that out of the way though, GOD, Theda is so funny and I love every time <PERSON> gets to play a sweaty nervous wreck.", "80" ], [ "Feels like a fully sketched-out world in a way that I would never in a million years expect from a debut feature-- very literary, very ambitious and filled with mysterious little details and abrupt narrative swerves. When <PERSON> slips on a raw chicken cutlet... that's COMEDY!!", "132" ] ]

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[ [ "Kind of. The name <PERSON> and its themes did survive the text's loss. <PERSON> was mentioned twice in later years, first as one of the giants (along with <PERSON>, both names rendered into Hebrew very similarly to their Akkadian counterparts) mentioned in the Book of Giants, and second as a figure in a story told by <PERSON>. In the former, all we have is a name, a reminiscence of a story, perhaps; in the latter, the story seems to have been mixed up with <PERSON>'s birth legend:\n<PERSON>, De Natura Animalum 12.21:\nA love of man is another characteristic of animals. At any rate an Eagle fostered a baby. … When <PERSON> was king of Babylon the Chaldeans foretold that the son born of his daughter would wrest the kingdom from his grandfather. This made him afraid and … he put the strictest of watches upon her.", "351" ], [ "For all that, since fate was cleverer than the king of Babylon, the girl became a mother, being pregnant by some obscure man. So the guards from fear of the King hurled the infant from the citadel, for that was where the aforesaid girl was imprisoned. Now an Eagle which saw with its piercing eye the child while still falling, before it was dashed to the earth, flew beneath it, flung its back under it, and conveyed it to some garden and set it down with the utmost care. But when the keeper of the place saw the pretty baby he fell in love with it and nursed it; and it was called <PERSON> and became king of Babylon.\n* For the rest of the history of <PERSON>, see <PERSON>'s excellent overview The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic (UPenn 1982).\nBesides these references, we're left to speculate. We do however have something stronger than the Genesis flood narrative, but in Greek sources. For example, in the Iliad, <PERSON> comes down to the battlefield at Troy and is subsequently wounded by <PERSON>. She then flies up to <PERSON>, who she says is her father, and complains about her treatment.\nThis is a close parallel to <PERSON> coming down to earth to seduce <PERSON>, who insults her, whereupon she flies up to complain about her treatment to her father, <PERSON>, who is king over heaven. <PERSON> and <PERSON> were both well known for taking mortal lovers whose life ended tragically for them.\n* <PERSON> 1994 monograph Greek Myths and Mesopotamia makes a couple further claims along that route.\nIt might be no more than coincidence that both stories take place in a larger narrative of a great warrior who has a dear friend (<PERSON> for <PERSON>, <PERSON> for <PERSON>), searches for immortality, and eventually accepts death, but the parallel is interesting nonetheless.", "72" ] ]

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[ [ "Field operator eigenstate vs. single-particle state\nI would like to make sure I understand some basic QFT. My understanding so far is that field operators measure field intensity and their Fourier transform measure intensity of field oscillation. In the usual decoupled harmonic oscillators picture in momentum space a single particle state is $a_k^{\\dagger}\\mid 0\\rangle$ and this is usually written $\\mid k\\rangle$. Now what seems a little paradoxical to me and therefore what I would like to confirm is that the expectation of the momentum $k$ field operator $\\phi(k)$ is 0 on that single particle state instead of some positive number.", "669" ], [ "My understanding is that $\\mid k\\rangle$ is a sum of states in the $k$ summand of the momentum decomposition of the Hilbert space (a direct sum/integral of harmonic oscillator Hilbert spaces indexed by $k$), which is symmetric about 0. There is no definite intensity in field oscillation with momentum $k$ but a 1-particle excitation at that momentum.\nOn the contrary an eigenstate $\\mid\\phi(k)\\rangle$ of $\\phi(k)$ has momentum $k=\\langle\\phi(k)\\mid\\phi(k)\\mid\\phi(k)\\rangle=\\langle\\phi(k)\\mid k\\mid\\phi(k)\\rangle$ (a 4-vector of expectations). That is, $\\phi$ is a multiplication operator on fields and $\\phi(k)$ is a multiplication operator (on $L^2(S'(\\mathbb R^4))$ of square integrable functions on distributions) times a delta function in $\\mathbb R^4$ at the $k$ factor, that multiplication by the value of distributions in $S'(\\mathbb R^4)$ at $k$, so eigenstates $\\phi(k)$ are delta functions at 1 of the $k$th harmonic oscillator, in its corresponding Hilbert space factor (once again the field Hilbert space seen as a sum/integral of a continuum of harmonic oscillator Hilbert spaces).\nTo summarize: am I right to believe that $\\langle k\\mid\\phi(k)\\mid k\\rangle=0$ and $\\langle\\phi(k)\\mid\\phi(k)\\mid\\phi(k)\\rangle=k$?\nOn a related matter I would like to confirm that coherent states are not field eigenstates but only field annihilation eigenstates. That is they are eigenstates of $\\phi^+(x)=\\sum_ke^{2i\\pi xk}a_k$, not of $\\phi(x)\\simeq\\sum_ke^{2i\\pi xk}(a_k-a_k^\\dagger)$. They have average field momentum $k$, that is expectation $k$ for $\\phi(k)$ but they are not $\\phi(k)$ eigenstates.\nThanks alot for any comment.", "669" ] ]

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[ [ "There are a few potential disadvantages that I can see:\n* It isn't necessarily a solution to the biggest issue for new/unknown authors: getting eyes on the page (or screen, in this case). Putting something on the internet alone isn't enough to get people to read, you still need to have produced something of quality (or something so bad it's funny!), have people find it, be willing to expend the effort to read, and then recommend/link to others. It is possible, but for any given book, exceedingly unlikely (what was the last novel you stumbled across online, read in entirety, enjoyed and recommended to all your friends?). You're competing with the rest of the internet for attention spans.\n* Some people still consider something given away for free as being valueless (whereas of course we know that \"price\" and \"value\" are different, right?)\n* You've exhausted your \"first print\" rights (electronic ones, anyway), something that publishers may still consider valuable. That is, to get published in the traditional manner after releasing free online, you'd need to develop an enormous following to make it worth a publisher's while.\n* There is always the fear that \"someone will steal my work\".", "396" ], [ "I think the chance of this is happening in any meaningful way is vanishingly small, but it is a concern a lot of people have. People do copy and re-post things on the internet, so it definitely happens, but if your work was copied and then got popular from someone else, a) at least it's popular (which is really your goal?), and b) when the internet† sees something it considers \"a wrong\", it is quite good at investigating and outing the truth (a process which -- if it happened -- would likely generate an order of magnitude more publicity).\n* Costs associated with production, hosting and maintenance (as <PERSON> mentioned above).\nAs a postscript, putting something online for free doesn't mean you can't make money. There are lots of business models you can look at: support via donations or \"pay what you want\"; popularity can open new opportunities for employment, expert comment, speaking, etc; selling physical goods to go along with the electronic (high quality print versions, for example). There are many others, I'm sure.\n† Yes, I referred to the internet as if it's a conscious entity in it's own right. It is, isn't it? ;)", "396" ] ]

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[ [ "Express this 2nd degree equation as \\begin{equation} \\ddot{\\theta}\\boldsymbol{+}\\overbrace{\\left(\\rho_1\\boldsymbol{+}\\rho_2\\right)}^{0}\\dot{\\theta}\\boldsymbol{+}\\omega^2\\theta\\boldsymbol{=}0 \\tag{01}\\label{01} \\end{equation} or \\begin{align} \\left(\\ddot{\\theta}\\boldsymbol{+}\\rho_1\\dot{\\theta}\\right)&\\boldsymbol{+}\\rho_2\\left(\\dot{\\theta}\\boldsymbol{+}\\dfrac{\\omega^2}{\\rho_2}\\theta\\right)\\boldsymbol{=}0 \\tag{02a}\\label{02a}\\ \\rho_1&\\boldsymbol{+}\\rho_2\\boldsymbol{=}0 \\tag{02b}\\label{02b} \\end{align} If $\\rho_1,\\rho_2$ beyond satisfying equation \\eqref{02b}, it would be possible to satisfy also \\begin{equation} \\dfrac{\\omega^2}{\\rho_2}\\boldsymbol{=}\\rho_1 \\tag{03}\\label{03} \\end{equation} then equation \\eqref{02a} is written \\begin{equation} \\left(\\ddot{\\theta}\\boldsymbol{+}\\rho_1\\dot{\\theta}\\right)\\boldsymbol{+}\\rho_2\\left(\\dot{\\theta}\\boldsymbol{+}\\rho_1\\theta\\right)\\boldsymbol{=}0 \\tag{04}\\label{04} \\end{equation} so defining the new variable \\begin{equation} \\psi\\boldsymbol{\\equiv}\\dot{\\theta}\\boldsymbol{+}\\rho_1\\theta \\tag{05}\\label{05} \\end{equation} we have at first the 1st degree equation \\begin{align} \\dot{\\psi}\\boldsymbol{+}\\rho_2\\psi & \\boldsymbol{=}0 \\tag{06a}\\label{06a}\\ \\texttt{with}\\qquad\\rho_1\\boldsymbol{+}\\rho_2 & \\boldsymbol{=}0 \\tag{06b}\\label{06b}\\ \\texttt{and}\\qquad\\qquad\\rho_1\\rho_2 & \\boldsymbol{=}\\omega^2 \\tag{06c}\\label{06c} \\end{align} But then $\\rho_1,\\rho_2$ are the roots of equation \\begin{equation} x^2\\boldsymbol{+}\\left(\\rho_1\\boldsymbol{+}\\rho_2\\right)x\\boldsymbol{+}\\rho_1\\rho_2\\boldsymbol{=}0 \\tag{07}\\label{07} \\end{equation} that is of equation \\begin{equation} x^2\\boldsymbol{+}\\omega^2\\boldsymbol{=}0 \\tag{08}\\label{08} \\end{equation} Hence \\begin{equation} \\rho_1\\boldsymbol{=+}i\\omega\\,, \\quad \\rho_2\\boldsymbol{=-}i\\omega \\tag{09}\\label{09} \\end{equation} ...continue solving firstly \\eqref{06a} with respect to $\\psi$ \\begin{equation} \\dot{\\psi}\\boldsymbol{-}i\\omega\\psi \\boldsymbol{=}0 \\tag{10}\\label{10} \\end{equation} and with the solution $\\psi$ solve secondly \\eqref{05} with respect to $\\theta$ \\begin{equation} \\dot{\\theta}\\boldsymbol{+}i\\omega\\theta\\boldsymbol{=}\\psi \\tag{11}\\label{11} \\end{equation}\n$=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!", "616" ] ]

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[ [ "Uncharted territory\nIt is be very difficult to measure intelligence on very smart people. At least the \"400 IQ\" would be hard to be differentiated from a \"200 IQ\".\nThe first hurdle is translating one's intelligence to a number. You can do that with IQ, however, note that it is a test built so that, if one measures a population, the result is(or should be close to) a normal distribution of with average 100 and standard deviation 15.\nA Normal distribution is concentrated around its average, it is symmetric: half of the population should have an IQ higher than 100. Furthermore, the proportion of people in a given interval is fixed, 15.8655% of a population should have some measure higher than the average plus 1 standard deviation.", "964" ], [ "In our case, 15.8655% of the population should have an IQ higher than 115. You can consult a table here that, among other things, says, for number of standard deviations(Wikipedia refers to it as z), the proportion of the population with an measurement higher than avg + std * z.\nAccording to Wikipedia(just googled \"word population\"), as of March 2020, there are around 7,800,000,000 people in the world, with that amount of people, there should be 7 or 8 geniuses in the world with an IQ higher than 190 - 6 standard deviations, so 9.86588E-10 * 7,800,000,000 is the expected value of people with IQ higher - note that the proportion under a region falls very fast as it gets farther from the average. The chance of someone having an IQ higher than 215 is 1.27981E-12, that is 770 times less likely, so it expected that 1 person in all people who have ever lived(estimates around 50-150 Billions).\nNote that 400 is 20 standard valuations, this is chance of that happening is 2.75362E-89. Even if every atom in the universe(estimates from 1E+78 to 1E+82) had an IQ that followed human distribution, it still would be hard(1E+82 * 2.75362E-89 = 2.75362E-7) to find an atom with an IQ higher than 400.\nThe best one can do\nIf your guy has 400 IQ or more, the best thing one can do is to find a way compare them with the smartest people ever. Then they will know your guy's IQ is at least 190.\nScored 190 while reading a novel and reading the test backwards\nPerhaps try handicapping: they could make the person try multiple \"tests\"(competitions with the best) at the same time, maybe try it in different languages(as suggested by other people), have the test be written backwards and make your character write it with inside-out alternating order(so 1,2,3,4,5 becomes 3, 4, 2, 5, 1), or some other ridiculous thing.", "840" ] ]

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[ [ "Coffered Ceiling DIY Demo | Finish Carpentry\nIntroduction: Coffered Ceiling DIY Demo | Finish Carpentry\nwww.howidothingsdiy.com\nIn this finish carpentry video I'll be doing a coffered ceiling demo to show how you can transform your ceiling by DIY. The best part, is you can DIY to save LOTS of money! This was one of my favorite projects because of how much it transforms a room.\nI'll walk you through the coffered ceiling framing, then installed the coffered ceiling boards and even the crown molding. You will also be shown how to caulk for perfect joints.\nPlease SUBSCRIBE to my YouTube channel for more great how-to videos!\nSupplies\n-Kreg Crown Molding Jig https://amzn.to/3v9Ncvi\nStep 1: Design\nCarefully design your layout. Measure out your room and determine how deep and how wide you want the coffers to be. My ceiling is 9ft high, but they can be wider on taller ceilings. This step will also help you plan out how much material you need. If you have access to 3D software, it's very helpful. Otherwise make a sketch.\nStep 2: Mark Out Layout on Ceiling\nCarefully mark out your layout on the ceiling following your design you made in the previous step. I used a laser level for perfect perpendicular references and then marked with a pencil. Observe the close up in my demo.\nStep 3: Cut and Install the Frame\nUsing straight wood the same width you chose for you bottom pieces, (in my case 2X4), install all frame pieces perpendicular to the ceiling joists. Ideally, this should span the entire room. Then install the frame pieces in the other direction. These will be shorter. Whenever possible, always screw directly to ceiling joists.", "584" ], [ "If absolutely necessary, you can use some heavy drywall anchors. Use them sparingly and only as a last resort. During this process, continue to check the two sets of frame pieces for square.\nStep 4: Install Vertical Trim Pieces\nFor my verticals I used 1x6 primed pine boards. Cut and install all of them in one direction, then cut and install perpendicular pieces. These pieces all need to fit nice and snug. They should be brad nailed to the frame pieces and brad nailed to each other on the ends. You can also glue them at the ends in addition to nailing.\nStep 5: Cut and Install the Bottom Pieces\nCut and install all of the bottom pieces in one direction. I like to install mine 1/4\" recessed for a shadow line, but this is just personal preference. My bottom pieces where 1x4 primed pine. Ideally, the first direction should span the entire room. Then cut and install the shorter perpendicular pieces. These pieces should fit snug and be flush with the other bottom pieces and should be installed using brad nails.\nStep 6: Install Crown Moulding\nCarefully cut and install crown molding using brad nails.\nStep 7: Finish\nSink all brad nails and fill holes. Then sand everything smooth and wipe down with a damp towel. Finally, caulk all joints and paint.\nEnjoy your beautiful ceiling!", "959" ] ]

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[ [ "The ringwraiths do not see in the light as humans do, but compensate in other senses, according to <PERSON>. During the night at the Weathertop, he has the following exchange with <PERSON>:\n‘Can the Riders see?’ asked <PERSON>. ‘I mean, they seem usually to have used their noses rather than their eyes, smelling for us, if smelling is the right word, at least in the daylight. But you made us lie down flat when you saw them down below; and now you talk of being seen, if we move.’\n‘I was too careless on the hill-top,’ answered <PERSON>. ‘I was very anxious to find some sign of <PERSON>; but it was a mistake for three of us to go up and stand there so long. For the black horses can see, and the Riders can use men and other creatures as spies, as we found at Bree.", "417" ], [ "They themselves do not see the world of light as we do, but our shapes cast shadows in their minds, which only the noon sun destroys; and in the dark they perceive many signs and forms that are hidden from us: then they are most to be feared. And at all times they smell the blood of living things, desiring and hating it. Senses, too, there are other than sight or smell. We can feel their presence – it troubled our hearts, as soon as we came here, and before we saw them; they feel ours more keenly. Also,’ he added, and his voice sank to a whisper, ‘the Ring draws them.’\nSo the wraiths were probably trying to literally sniff out the living creatures they felt nearby. As we can tell by the episode where a wraith couldn't find <PERSON> and <PERSON> in their hiding hole on a road from Bag End – they are at the very least not as good as dogs at picking up smells, though; so even if their sense of smell is heightened compared to an average human, it is not by much.\nP.S. It is interesting that while <PERSON> mostly points out the faults in the wraiths' vision, \"life-feel\", smell and the \"Ring-sense\" also seem to be not very reliable - again, referring to the Bag End Nazgûl, it is clear that the wraith feels something of note is close, but it makes only token effort to find out what exactly triggered its senses; and during the night, Nazgûl also seem to rely more on their dark-enhanced vision than on their more exotic senses.", "88" ] ]

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[ [ "The Vision's (Mind) Infinity-stone came from <PERSON>'s scepter which came from the Chitauri, so it was well away from Earth, brought to Earth by someone with plans for all the mind-stones (Thanos). It was only very recently on Earth.\nThe Tesseract (Space-stone) was hidden on Earth, presumably by <PERSON>, for safe keeping. Taken back to Asgard when it was no longer safe on Earth.\nIt's worth pointing out that safekeeping can be done under heavy guard or it can be done by simply hiding something. The Tesseract on Earth for centuries, and the stone in Guardians-1 (Orb or Power-Stone) weren't guarded well at all, just hidden.\nThe Origin of the Eye-of-Agamotto in the cinematic universe wasn't made clear but presumably the first sorcerer supreme, <PERSON>, who is mentioned in the movie, knew what it was.\nSo there were likely 2 stones on Earth for some time, Tesseract and <PERSON>, which fits your question, one hidden, one protected in a magical sanctum. What's not clear is whether either keeper/protector of each of those stone knew of the other.", "722" ], [ "It's not something anyone is likely to advertise, so <PERSON> and <PERSON> may well not have known of each other's stones.\nWhen <PERSON> took <PERSON>'s scepter and stored it in the vault, it's unclear if <PERSON> knew it was the mind-stone at the time. Dr. <PERSON> might have suspected, but it's unclear how much he knew about infinity stones. If it was known that the scepter held a stone after Avngers-1, and it's not clear that it was known, but if it was known, the thinking at the time could well have been - one stone under Shield protection, one back to <PERSON>'s protection.\n<PERSON> had a vision of the stones in the sacred water in Avengers-II, but precisely how much he knows about their location isn't clear, so it's still not clear if anyone other than the sorcerers know the location of the time-stone.\nThe risk with <PERSON>'s thrown room is that, even under guard, it's fairly common knowledge that it was full of juicy loot. The feeling might have been that such a high profile vault shouldn't contain two stones, especially since one is fairly well known to be there after the events in Avengers-1. If the stones are better hidden, <PERSON> for example, that issue might not come up.", "722" ] ]

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[ [ "There are many ways to express the same thought - many more than you might realize.\nVocabulary\nThe first thing is the difference between active and passive vocabulary, also known as productive and receptive knowledge. You may recognize a word and its meaning when reading it, but you may not use that word when talking or writing yourself. It's just a word that you have used so few times that it wouldn't cross your mind to use this word.\nTo take an example from a recent discussion here on Writers.SE (How to talk about certain anatomy without sounding vulgar or cowardly?): you may understand the word Gluteus Maximus and what part of the body I am alluding to, but using a medical term in a normal conversation wouldn't cross your mind. Using posterior on the other hand feels more natural, though in general I would probably use butt. Your usage will probably vary. Maybe because you like medical terms, or because you don't like defensive descriptions like posterior.\nTo cite the Wikipedia article I linked before:\nAn average 20-year-old knows 42,000 words coming from 11,100 word families\nNow you have to ask yourself: how many words are there in total?\nAccording to the Oxford dictionary:\nIt's also difficult to decide what counts as 'English'. What about medical and scientific terms? Latin words used in law, French words used in cooking, German words used in academic writing, Japanese words used in martial arts? Do you count Scots dialect? Teenage slang? Abbreviations?\nIt's not that easy to find out how many words there are. And the number changes all the time because people are creating new words and older words are slowly forgotten.\nBut to give at least a rough idea the link also contains the following phrase:\nThe Second Edition of the 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary contains full entries for 171,476 words in current use, and 47,156 obsolete words. To this may be added around 9,500 derivative words included as subentries.\nUsing these very simple statistics we can say that the average 20-year-old knows about a fourth of the currently used words in the Oxford English Dictionary.\nBut you have to adjust this number: the german article about vocabulary mentions that the standard vocabulary contains around 75,000 words - while the total is estimated to be somewhere around 500,000 for everyday conversations. If you are taking into account specialised terminology this number goes up into the millions, with the example of chemistry having probably around 20 million words.\nThe average 20-year-old may have a pretty good grasp of the normal everyday language and know quite a lot of those words and he may understand a good amount of stuff that he wouldn't use himself, but there are so many more words in the world that he never heard about that it's unrealistic to say that he will have the same style of talking and writing as his peers.\nThe bottom line is that you are probably vastly underestimating the amount of words that your native language contains. The active vocabulary of you, your friends and your family may be similar, but if you are asking a different group you may find huge differences, just because there are so many possibilities.", "312" ], [ "The same applies to sentence structure and other parts of writing.\nYou also asked about example - take a look through this answer. I tried to hide a few different ways of speech here.\nDid you catch the difference in referring to other sources? In the third paragraph I linked another question and paraphrased the content. Afterwards I changed to citation from Wikipedia and other sites. It's not unreasonable to see this as one part of my voice. Am I using a lot of paraphrasing or citations? Or a mixture? How much paraphrasing sounds good? There are some grey areas here, allowing for different voices if you just compared this simple attribute throughout the site.\nSentence length\nThe easiest thing to express different voices is through the use of longer or shorter sentences. Look at your own post: I can clearly see that you prefer longer sentences. You used a lot of commas and and's to extend your sentences and except for your last paragraph each paragraph contains exactly one sentence and is at least 1.5 lines long. Your last sentence would only be half a line, which is probably why you didn't bother making it a paragraph of its own.\nI also like long sentences. Most of the time, at least. Sometimes shorter sentences are better. They are easier to understand for the reader.\nBut then again, longer sentences may sound more eloquent, which might be the desired effect when writing. This completely depends on your target audience - are you writing for younger people, who may have problems following long, complicated sentences, or academics who seem to have a knack for this kind of sentence structure?\nPunctuation\nDid you realize how often I use dashes and colons to split a sentence and at the same time continue the thought?", "873" ] ]

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[ [ "La Cérémonie\nThis 1995 domestic thriller from French director <PERSON> is centered on a trio of sharp performances: <PERSON> as a rich mother and wife, <PERSON> as her new maid, and <PERSON> as the town postmistress, who becomes the maid’s best friend. They’re two women with secrets, and the hints of what they’re capable of, coupled with the casual indicators and subtle subtext of class separation between them and <PERSON>’s rich family, make much of the running time play like a ticking time bomb; even in scenes of amiable chit-chat and offhand exposition, the compositions and editing tempo are just a little bit off, creating an unease that permeates the picture.", "285" ] ]

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[ [ "Plotting Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram of a Beam in Your Browser Using Python\nIntroduction: Plotting Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram of a Beam in Your Browser Using Python\nFor those of us taking structural mechanics and strength of materials courses, we all know how difficult it can get when trying to verify our analysis results. This gets more complicated when doing beam analysis, as we are trying to get what our beam element's shear force and bending moment diagram will look like. In addition, when given a reinforced concrete design project, we also start by analyzing our beam elements, which transfer wall and slab load to columns and from column to foundation. This analysis and cross-checking are tedious and time-consuming when verifying our results by hand.\nHence, for those of us with an interest in developing finite element tools for structural analysis, this instructable is about how to create a simple beam model and plot its shear force and bending moment diagram using a python library called planeSections created by csbloom which is built upon openseesPy\nPlaneSections is a lightweight finite element beam bending library built on OpenSeesPy. The aim of PlaneSections is to make beam analyses easier, which can be used to document structural calculations quickly. Being built on OpenSees, the structural results are reliable, and there is lots of room to create more complex models.\nplaneSection library has four core modules which are as follows:\n1.", "7" ], [ "The Builder module is used to create the beam and beam elements. The beam class is the core class of the module, and the one the user interacts with the most.\n2. The Analysis module is used to analyze the beam using OpenSeesPy and document the results.\n3. The Diagram module is used to plot the beam model.\n4. The Postprocess module is used to plot the responses of the beam from the analysis, including force diagrams and deflections.\nFor an indepth understanding and how to customize the existing planeSections library classes and methods, check the documenation.\nSupplies\nAny simple pc that has google chrome installed.\nThis is the question we will work on:\nQuestion: A Beam 25 m. long is supported at A and B and is loaded as shown above. Sketch the SF and BM diagrams.\nStep 1: Installing the PlaneSections Library\n#install the PlaneSections library using the python pip coommand in google colab\npip install planesections\nStep 2: Creating Beam Model\n# we are importing the planeSections library\nimport planesections as ps\n#we are importing the plotBeamDiagram method for drawing our beam model\nfrom planesections.core import plotBeamDiagram\n# Define node locations, and support conditions\nL = 25 # beam length in meters\n#lets instaniate or create a beam object using newEulerBeam2D function passing the length of the beam\n# as an argument\nbeam = ps.newEulerBeam2D(L)\nStep 3: Create Support Condions\n# Define beam with support conditions or fixities\n# key for support condions or fixities = {'free':[0,0,0], 'roller': [0,1,0], 'pinned':[1,1,0], 'fixed':[1,1,1]}\npinned = [1,1,0] # support condition\n# we invoke the setFixity meethod and pass the position of our beam support as the first argument and the support # type as the second argument\nbeam.setFixity(0, pinned)\nbeam.setFixity(L*0.8, pinned)\nStep 4: Create Loadings on the Beam\n# Define point Loads and labels\nPz = -1000 # This represen 1kN in the downwad direction\n# we use the addLabel method of the beam object and the first argument specify the distance from starting length of # our beam to place our label annd the label name as the second argumment\nbeam.addLabel(0, label='A')\nbeam.addLabel(10, label='E')\nbeam.addLabel(20, label='B')\n# addVerticalload method define a point load where the fi9rst argumment is the positi0n of the load, the rgumnt is # the load magntude nd the third arguent i the label indicatting the load position on the beam\nbeam.addVerticalLoad(15, 2*Pz, label = 'D')\nbeam.", "33" ] ]

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[ [ "<PERSON>, through the Milieu trilogy, did provide some insight about what happened to the Tanu during <PERSON> and <PERSON>'s time in the duat galaxy. It was also clear that <PERSON>, because of his immortality gene, had become atoning unifex and led the lylmik to establish the galactic milieu.\nAbout three years ago l posted, on a Facebook <PERSON> fan page, a very brief outline of how <PERSON> had discovered the Lylmik. This information was provided by <PERSON> herself and I provide it her for all her fans: Dear <PERSON>\nThe living ships of Brede's galaxy were somewhat different. The first one to reach our Milky Way six million years ago was the one that carried the Exiles. Brede's ship was able to enclose a mundane-ish habitat capsule (or create one from its substance) in which the humanoid Exiles traveled. And of course, it had a spouse ...\nNow, when <PERSON> and <PERSON> d-jumped to the Duat galaxy to free the Tanu/Firvulag population from torc dependency and introduce other Duat races to Unity, THERE WERE NO LYLMIK. Implicit in my Saga is the notion that <PERSON> and <PERSON> transmogrified into the Mental Man phase of humanity and reproduced, then evolved into Lylmik form rather rapidly. Mental Men don't need human bodies ... or DO they? At an appropriate time--see below for a likely scenario--they migrated back to the Milky Way, led by <PERSON>.", "715" ], [ "He identifies himself somewhere in the Saga as THE Lylmik!\nYou will recall that it was a psychological thing that made <PERSON> unable to restore his fertility in a regen tank back on earth. He could easily build a tank in the Duat galaxy and engender a race of proto-Lylmik in humanoid form which evolved into \"real\" Lylmik. Recall how the decadent Lylmik of the Milieu Era took easily to human bodies. Now we know why Marc/Unifex urged this method of revitalization on his Quincunx buddies.\nNone of the exotic races of the Galactic Milieu knew just how old the Lylmik were. We might assume they were much less than a million years old when <PERSON> and <PERSON> completed the cure for torc-addiction and started many Duat races on the way to Unity.\nThus <PERSON>'s redemption was partly accomplished. Perhaps <PERSON>, before she relinquished her life there in Duat, suggested a NEW work for <PERSON> and the <PERSON> race back home in the good old Milky Way, where there were countless exotic races with Unity potential, ready to be shepherded by kindly mentors, who would travel chez nous in their spiffy ships.\nIt would be a long and frustrating task; our galaxy wasn't \"ripe\" for change like Duat. The Krondaku might have finally come around by 500,000 BC. But imagine how tired of the Milky Way recalcitrants a majority of the Lylmik were by then! On to decadence and elitist withdrawal!\nNow you and your Coterie have sampled the unwritten (and never to be written by me) sequel to MAGNIFICAT. As to your original query about Lylmik ships, they were <PERSON>'s variation of an ancient Duat race--alas, not requiring shipspouses. To him such a refinement was quite superfluous.\nFond regards,\n<PERSON>", "837" ] ]

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[ [ "Creating Dungeon Tiles That Can Be Connected by Legos\nIntroduction: Creating Dungeon Tiles That Can Be Connected by Legos\nDungeon tiles are a great way to create your own unique dungeons. Since Legos are a popular toy, I thought that that they could be used to connect dungeon tiles together. So in this instructable, I am going to show you how to create dungeon tiles that can be connected by Legos using Tinker CAD.\nStep 1: Materials\nIn order to be able to create these dungeon tiles, you will need:\n* Lego connector pins\n* A Tinker CAD account (You can create an account by going to https://www.tinkercad.com )\n* A 3D printer and filament\n* And most of all, creativity\nStep 2: Creating the Base Plate\nFirst, create a 50mm by 50mm by 10mm square. This will be the base of the dungeon tile. I made the height of my square 9.64mm, because I wanted the overall height of the tile to be 10mm, so that is another option.\nStep 3: Making Holes in the Dungeon Tile Base\nNow, we need to make holes in the dungeon tile base for the Lego connector pins. First create a 20mm by5.10mm by 5.10mm cylinder and set it to hole. We need to create eight of these, so all you need to do is copy the first cylinder and paste it 7 times. Next we need to create 16 smaller circles, eight of which need to be .85mmby 6.5mm by 6.5mm, and the other eight need to be .75mm by 6.5mm by 6.5mm. These smaller circles are used for making the tiles flush with each other. Now we will use these pieces to create the holes in the dungeon tile base. You need to group each of them as shown in the 4th picture above. You need to make sure that the circles are aligned before you group them. Each side of the dungeon tile base needs two of the grouped pieces. Next, align the pieces with the right and left of the base and align them height wise, and then move them 15mm towards the center of the base. Next, ungroup the pieces, and move the longest cylinder 9mm deep. Next, move the .85mm by 6.5mm by 6.5mm circle piece into the base to where only a small part of it is visible. Then move the .75mm by 6.5mm by 6.5mm circle all the way to the end of the longest cylinder inside the dungeon tile base.", "110" ], [ "Lastly, group everything together. Your finished product should look like the last picture.\nStep 4: Create the Design for Your Dungeon Tile\nThe next step is to create the design you want for the top of the dungeon tile. I will show you what I used for my design. First, go to the shape library and select structures and scenery. Next select the N scale brick wall, and make sure you have chosen the one with smaller bricks. Then, you need to lay the wall down. In order to make the bricks larger, we need to increase the size of the wall. Next, increase the size of the wall to 354mm by 375mm by 3.27mm. Now we will use the square we created in the first step as a guide to create the right size for the design. After that is done, remove any excess pieces from the design. Next, you need to resize it to 49.30mm by 49.30mm by 3.25mm, because the length and width of the design needs to be slightly smaller than the base. All that is left is grouping the design with the dungeon tile base.\nStep 5: Creating the Dungeon Walls\nFirst, create a 12mm by 50mm by 10mm or 9.64mm square, and create holes following the instructions in step two. Next, go to shape generators and find the Voronoi shape. Next create a 12mm by 50mm by 40mm square, and resize the Voronoi shape so that it is the same size as that square. Next group all the pieces together, and the wall will be finished.\nStep 6: Files\nIf you don't want to build the pieces, and you just want the files, I have added the floor piece, a 20mm wall piece, and a 40mm wall piece. I have also created another wall with a different design, and a flat floor piece with no design, so you can add props, such as trees on top of them.\nStep 7: Print!\nNow all you need to do is print the pieces and snap them together using the Legos and you're done! I used a .4mm nozzle and used no supports. You can create more pieces to make your dungeon even better. Happy Dungeon Making!", "110" ] ]

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[ [ "So the seventh Arkham Horror expansion was released recently; the fourth of the \"small box\" expansions. Having played with it a few times now, I believe it is the best of the small boxes, but I have to admit that's not necessarily saying much... Much as I love Arkham Horror and the system as a whole, I've never been a huge fan of the small box expansions. Sure, if you're a completist or AH addict you're gonna get 'em, anyway, and it's always nice to have some new items and Mythos cards and location cards to add to the pile, but I've usually been a little disappointed with the specific original content added with each small box expansion. And it's not a matter of being disappointed with the content itself... some of it is very clever and interesting... but more about the lack of involvement most of that new stuff will end up having in your typical games. I mean, when was the last time you had a Cult Encounter, or drew an Exhibit item, or were Barred from a neighborhood, or received a Blight? Sure, one of those things will pop up every once in a while, but unless you specifically feature a particular small box expansion in a game, you're not likely to come across those things very often. Heck, even when you do feature a small box expansion you may not happen to encounter any of those things. When you throw down $25 for an expansion, you kind of expect to see it come into play with at least some measure of importance. In that sense, Lurker at the Threshold seems to be more worthwhile than the others in that it includes a few things that are guaranteed to show up in your games. The value those things will add to your games may not necessarily be that high, but at least you'll get to experience them.\nHere's what's new in the Lurker expansion...\nTHE NEW GATES\nLurker includes all new gate markers which are meant to replace your old gate markers.", "558" ], [ "Each gate has something unique about it; some have penalties of lost Sanity or monsters appearing if you fail to close the gate, some will devour investigators at the locations where they open or cause a doom token to be added if an investigator is at the location where they open, some are moving gates which are a pain because they can only be sealed on unstable locations (which they will no longer be on once they move), and some are split gates from which you can choose one of two Other Worlds to enter.\nNow, I'm not sure there is any real benefit to choosing one Other World over another unless there's a preponderance of monsters on the board from one of the locations, and it's pretty rare that you'll fail to close a gate (hopefully), and it's a matter of random bad luck for a devouring gate to open on a location where you are, so those things don't really come into play all that often. In that sense I guess it's the small box syndrome yet again. But at least the danger is there... Whether the gates will have any active effect in a game is questionable, but at least you will see them and be wary of the effects they might cause, and you will always at least wonder if one of the nasty ones will open up and devour you while you're leisurely catching up with the Grand Poobah at the Silver Twilight Lodge.\nRELATIONSHIP CARDS\nThis is my favorite new element for the game, though again, the actual impact is fairly minimal. Relationship cards are dealt out to each player during setup, and take effect for each player and the player to their left. So each player will end up with two \"partnerships\", through which the Relationship cards may be used. And there are some nice benefits to these and they add a little more interaction into the game, as the two players often have to decide which of them can make best use of that extra movement point on their turn, or whatever the bonus is. Continuing with the Personal Stories from Innsmouth Horror, the Relationships add a little more of an RPG feel to the game, though I would have liked to see things that are a little more positive/negative in nature... ya know, like actual relationships. (An example of a variant card I created in that vein is below.)\nA nice rule that goes along with these cards is that when a player is devoured, both of their partnerships are dissolved, and new Relationship cards are not drawn with their replacement character. That gives more of a real penalty to a player being devoured, other than just the pain in the butt of having to discard everything and redraw all of your new character's items. A drawback of the Relationship cards is that they add yet another thing that you have to keep track of and remember that you have... In my games, more than one turn has gone by with players realizing long afterwards that they forgot to make use of their Relationship ability when they might have.", "558" ] ]

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[ [ "I suggest the following ingredients to make Feudalism more believable:\n* a very depopulated world\n* loss of agricultural productivity.\nLoss of agricultural productivity\nYou need loss of agricultural productivity and a tie-in to land for agricultural produce. More on that later.\nYou can have a loss of agricultural productivity by climate reasons. Or by loss of modern technologies, including any and all that make food supply ample. But low agricultural output and low productivity in general, even combined, do not require the foregoing of all post-industrial technologies and know-hows.\nFor example, say 90% of the remaining population on earth is required to produce sufficient food in aggregate. But a highly automated factory complex produce radios with few human input -- sure you always have upstream input but you can certainly have designs that suit simplified inputs. Said factory may be able to produce enough radios for 5% of the earth's population annually -- allowing some to always have new ones and the rest to only work with old radio sets that may become faulty in some way due to age. In this scenario, you could say a lot of technological advancement is included in the production of radio, so much so that very little input is enough to produce for the whole world. Yet overall productivity of the world is low because food is required and food is being a bottleneck for greater economical development.\nLoss of agricultural productivity can be important for Feudalism. Feudalism was a land-based social order where\n1) workers were tied to the same parcels of land all-year-long\n2) nobles had the authority and ability to tax production from (larger) land parcels\n3) a hierarchy existed to combine tax over large geographical areas and thus support things such as a military that can provide stability and order and some luxury items that helped people feel that the authority was deserved and proper.\nIf people can move around freely and still be a part of a productive process, then they won't be willing to stay under some abstract contract that bind them to some designated noble -- however relatively un-educated they may be.\nSo for the sake of Feudalism, you should tie 90%+ of earth's remaining population to daily working over the same pieces of land.\nNote that low variability in agricultural productivity is also needed. ie. You shouldn't have a single place that is highly productive and nowhere else that can produce food. If the only place that can produce starch based food is in the UN headquarter building in a city named New York. You can have whatever social order that makes sense at UN.", "222" ], [ "Outside of it, people are not tied with land anymore.\nThat said, a generally unproductive world but a few pockets of productivity -- even within agriculture -- can make for interesting dynamics. Like 0 everywhere vs 100 at one place wouldn't work. 1 vs 2 on the other hand could be interesting.\nA depopulated world\nA depopulated world does a number of things in Feudalism's favor, including:\n* difficulty to maintain law and order over vast areas (and the consummate incentive to banditry)\n* difficulty to maintain education\n* even more difficulty with aggregate output that feeds into everything above\n* the same sequence of events could have destroyed the social/national institutions in our real world in the same stroke\nThe implications are self-evident. Without the large population the modern earth has and supports, the historical benefits Feudalism was supposed to provide are not easily replaced via alternatives. They included social cohesion and stability of life. The key is to take away alternatives.\nWhat loss of agricultural productivity achieves is that people are unable to move around and be productive other than being peasants of their specific pieces of land. Depopulation takes away plausible alternatives by not permitting individuals with free time. For 90%+ of population, you work your field for 8 hours a day or your starve. Otherwise, when people have free time, they will try to do things that break the current order. Say there is no difference between a republic where a government imposes tax and a monarchy where nobles do in term's of people's daily experience. If you give people free time, given the communication technology, they may still rebel against a Feudal system and put a republic in place out of preference. That's why free time should also be difficult to come by.\nPerhaps you can also introduce other factors that accentuates the lack of free time. Perhaps, to make agriculture work in that post-apocalyptic world, farming is very complex -- you need recurring efforts to deal with certain side-effects from radiation, maybe add some new micro-organism that people have to work against -- while being unproductive relative to our real world.\nAnd there you go, I think with some details, Feudalism can become realistic enough.\nYet at the same time, you are not restricted in having modern transportation, modern communications, modern entertainment, etc.", "222" ] ]

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[ [ "NONE OF THE FOLLOWING IS FACT EVEN IF I ASSERT MYSELF IN A WAY WHICH CONVINCES YOU THAT I'M EITHER RIGHT OR \"KNOW WHAT I'M TALKING ABOUT\" IT IS ALL UNADULTERATED OPINION, ALSO YOU WILL LEARN NOTHING ABOUT THE RULES\nI know, I'm kind of trolling with the subject line, but I just want to semi-objectively discuss this game in relationship both to <PERSON> fandom and Star Trek fandom, or rather, as fans of both, but not blinded by either, I'd like to put my thoughts.\nOk, so first of all, for those of you who are into Star Trek TNG/DS9/Voyager or any other iteration and are trying to understand whether or not to buy this:\n1. This is a strategy game on the heavy side. Heavy both because it is a bit fiddly (bad, but not uncommon for those of you into Ameritrash games) and because the strategic and tactical puzzles for even the most minute action are deep. As a fan, if you look into Mage Knight and the actual gameplay itself doesn't appeal to you at all, pass on this game.\n2. This theme (while in my opinion a superior fit than the original) is more or less pasted on to the already brilliant Mage Knight (with some notable tweaks), which does mean though that for those concerned with how the Prime Directive will play out, in a lot of ways, not so well. Personally, I couldn't possibly care less. So much fun playing as <PERSON> and bringing <PERSON> and <PERSON> onto my team to explore this region while blowing up Dominion space stations. Because...why not? That said, if that is just too distasteful to swallow, pass on this game.\n3. If your a Star Trek game completist, word, that's your bag, do your thing, get this game.\nFor those of you who are active Mage Knight fans, own it and are considering getting Star Trek: Frontiers:\n1. If you want a much different experience than you are getting from Mage Knight and already have all of the expansions, this is more or less a re-skin and you may want to just pass on this game.\n2. If you are <PERSON> the board game mechanics completists by all means, get this game now!\nNow, for many of you, the above list may not apply, and that's what the lists below will cover...\nWhat makes ST:F better (in my opinion, of course) than Mage Knight\n1. The streamlining of the mechanics of the game relative to MK (eliminating artifacts, cutting down on one magic crystal/data chip color, I'm sure there are others that would fall into the category) are for the most part just better rules. Sure they cut down on the brain burn (good thing) a bit, but really most of that was just trying to remember what the slew of attack and defense variants do (fiddly waste of cognitive energy if you ask me).\n2.", "366" ], [ "All taste issues aside, the font and size of the cards is MUCH MUCH MUCH easier to read and as a result process, which is a good thing in hour 3+ when your brain is starting to get fried and your eyes dry from trying to parse through spells which you (I) haven't (and never will) memorize.\n3. Star Trek is just fundamentally a more rich and interesting world than <PERSON> porny fantasy garbage. Not to mention superior gender and race politics. Though as with most nerd culture, they both have their problems and limitations in that regard.\n4. As I alluded to earlier, the game mechanics work incredibly well with the theme, and the additional feature of away missions is a fun mechanic, and because of the superior thematic fit, the rules seem to simply make more sense. There's not really a better way to put it. There's much less rule book referencing in comparison to MK for me. But I feel fairly certain that the opinion that this game is considerably easier than Mage Knight is in considerable (if not, large) part due to the clarity of text and how much more intuitively the theme integrates into the rule set. Though it does seem somewhat easier to attack a Borg cube than to beat a castle. Luckily the difficulty is scaleable and if you're anything like me, you'll never beat all of the final baddies at the hardest level anyway, so it's cool. Seriously, chill...\nWhat makes ST:F inFERIOR????\n1. The brain burn is a little less gnarly, and as a result the accomplishments are are bit less dopamine inducing. In other words, it doesn't feel quiiiite as good to win.\n2.", "366" ] ]

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[ [ "Lighted 3D Moon Phase Clock\nIntroduction: Lighted 3D Moon Phase Clock\nIn this Instructable, I will describe the design and build of a clock that shows the current phase of the moon in a lit 3D printed moon model. This project started this summer when I began to think about a project for my new 3D printer. I had printed accessories for the printer and chose a moon lamp (https://www.instructables.com/Moon-Lamp-With-Remote/) . I thought it would be nice if it could show the moon phases and saw in the comments someone else had the same thought. So I began thinking about a design and this is what I came up with. It was also an opportunity for myself to learn the basics of Fusion 360.\nSome General Background\nA simplified description of the lunar phase cycle will be used that is based on the average cycle of lunar phases, the synodic month. The synodic month averages 29.530588 days, but can actually vary between about 29.18 to about 29.93 days in any individual cycle, due to the elliptical orbits of the moon and the earth. This results in variations of up to seven hours about the average in any given year https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_month#Synodic_month.", "411" ], [ "The side of the moon facing the earth is gravitationally locked (tidal locking) so we see essentially one hemisphere of the moon from earth. In actuality, over time we see about 59% of the moon due to lunar libration. Libration from our perspective on earth is the slight top/bottom rotation (like nodding yes), left/right rotation (like nodding no) and tilting back and forth (like a metronome) of the moon resulting in an apparent wobble. This is due mostly to the eccentricity of the moons orbit and a slight tilt (6.7 degrees) of the moons rotation axis to its orbital plane, along with the earths tilt. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libration , https://moon.nasa.gov/moon-in-motion/moon-phases/#otp_our_wobbly_moon.\nLunar Libration and the variability of cycles will not be considered for this project.\nAn interesting additional note is the saros or eclipse cycle. The saros cycle is 223 synodic cycles, approximately 6585.3211 days, or 18 years, 11 days, 8 hours where the Sun, Earth and Moon return to approximately the same relative geometry. Note that this is not a perfect multiple of a year or the same time of day, so basically the positional relationships between the Earth, Sun, and Moon effectively do not ever repeat perfectly, but come pretty close on slightly longer than an 18 year cycle. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saros_(astronomy), https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsaros/SEsaros.html\nSupplies\nSupplies:\nHigh torque quartz clock movement with long shaft (28-29, or 31 mm) and accessories, metal I-shaft minute hand with step second hand drive.\nExamples:\nHigh Torque Quartz Clock Movement, 11/16\" Maximum Dial Thickness - 101150 (28.5 mm, 1-1/8\")\nHigh Torque Clock Replacement Movement, Clock Movement Metal Clock Needle Kit,31MM Long (Cut off the plastic hanger)\nHigh Torque Quartz Clock Movement Replacement Parts …(31 mm (1-1/ 5 inches))\nHigh Torque I Shaft Hands Quartz DIY Wall Clock Movement Mechanism...4/5 in Max Dial Thickness, 1-1/5 in Total Length\nClock Movement Mechanism with 5 Different Pairs of Hands, High Torque Long Shaft Clock Movement Quartz\nclock second hand (to use or obtain mounting pin from) or short piece 1.5 mm tube, minute and hour hands (if not printing your own)\nStainless steel rod, 1 mm diameter\nExample:1mm x 200mm 304 Stainless Steel Round Rod, Metal Solid Shaft Rods Lathe Bar Stock ... 10pcs\nPLA filament (white, black, plus you're choice)\nScrews for mounting clock assembly (2x) #8 x 1/2\" sheet metal\nM1.4 -2.5x6, 2.0 x3.0, x3.4, x3.8, x4.0 mm machine screws, eyeglass/watch screws\nExample: Eyeglass Repair Kit\nA few inches warm white ribbon LED (or small low voltage & wattage LED bulb with base) and matching wall transformer with appropriate DC voltage\nExample: Olafus 16.", "188" ] ]

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[ [ "If you think about it logically, it should be easy to visualize.\nIn fact, the brighter star does not have to be larger necessarily. It could very well be smaller- perhaps the larger star is a red giant, while the smaller star is a blue main sequence, which has higher luminosity.\nIn any case, the middle point of the M occurs when the star with a lower surface temperature goes behind the star with a higher surface temperature, and the sides are when the opposite happens. Here's why: the amount of light that is given off per square meter of a star's surface is directly dependent on the star's surface temperature. The surface temperature is not always related to the star's size (if both stars are main sequence, then the larger star will have the higher surface temperature, but if one of the stars is a giant, that may not be the case - giant stars are relatively cool in comparison). Whenever an eclipse occurs, no matter which star is being eclipsed, the same amount of surface area is covered up (equal to the size of the smaller star).", "797" ], [ "Thus, since the same amount of surface area is covered both ways, the star that has the higher surface temperature will give the deeper dips on the graph when it is eclipsed.\nWhat this means is that the brighter star is not necessarily the one with the higher surface temperature. Here's an example: suppose you have an insanely large supergiant star that has 100,000 times the luminosity of the sun. Nonetheless, it is fairly cool - its high luminosity is due to its size. We also have a relatively small, but extremely hot type O blue star that is 50,000 times the luminosity of the sun. Now, the supergiant, even though it has a lower surface temperature, is still brighter overall. However, the same principle still applies: the smaller central dip of the M will occur when the blue star is covering up the supergiant (in other words, when the dimmer star covers up the brighter star), and the larger dips will occur when the supergiant covers up the blue star.\nSee this nice eclipsing binary simulator to get a visual idea of how it works.", "797" ] ]

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[ [ "Most people underlined the role played by the expansion of the universe, however, this expansion is not actually 'pushing' Andromeda away, it is only changing the frequency of the light emitted by Andromeda, so that we can associate a speed that would give the same Doppler effect (when an object is emitting a wave, like a fire truck, and going away, the received wave is at a lower frequency than the emitted one).\nThe more correct answer would be that the two galaxies are the result of a long accretion (of gas) and merging history (with another now disappeared smaller galaxy). Each of this event changed the speed of Andromeda and the Milky Way relative to a rest frame, so that the speed nowadays is the result of these numerous interactions, the gravitational pull of one on each other as well as the gravitational potential created by the local group (the group of galaxies in which belongs the Milky Way and Andromeda, containing for example the Great Magellanic Cloud).\nIf you want an illustration of what the formation of a galaxy look like, you can take a look at a simulation, like the Horizon-AGN simulation. There is a video (here: http://www.horizon-simulation.org/movies/horizon-AGN_denseproj.avi) in which you can see galaxies forming within a cosmological framework. In the movie, each bright dot is a forming galaxy.", "562" ], [ "You can see many very complicated interactions, so that two galaxies close to each other today may have formed very far away and were brought close by.\nIn the case of our two galaxies, because we are located in a group of galaxies you can expect that the initial locations of our two galaxies were actually very different compared to nowadays. The reason for that is that in the past, as very correctly explained by userLTK, distances were smaller so that the gravitational pull of objects was (in average on the local group) stronger than today. Therefore, the interaction of the matter that is now forming the group of galaxy in which lay the MW and Andromeda had gravitational interactions somehow stronger so that the relative speed was higher. Because of that, our two galaxies have been traveling for 14 Gyr from some remote location to their current location, where they happen to be going one toward each other.", "562" ] ]

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[ [ "Relativity is a theory of frames of reference. The question says that $\\Delta t$ is the time measured between two events by two synchronized clocks in frame $S$. But now, here's the catch: $\\Delta t$ is actually the time between the two events as observed by $S$, as observed by $S'$.\nUsually, in SR, we try and compare the flow of time and the measure of lengths, with respect to another frame. So, the $\\Delta t$ in the equation above is what the person standing in $S'$ sees in his frame. Let me try and explain.\nSuppose you look at it from the perspective of $S'$, with $S$ travelling relative to $S'$ with velocity $v$. Let's give them both stopwatches. Now, let two events $A$ and $B$ happen in $S$. When $A$ happens, $s$ (the observers are denoted by small letters here) starts the stopwatch. When $B$ happens, he stops the stopwatch.", "562" ], [ "The time between them is $\\Delta t$, as we know from the question. Now, will the time between them, as seen by $s'$ be the same? No. The stopwatch will start and stop at a different time, so you get $\\Delta t'$.\nBut now, say $s'$ is trying to see how much time elapsed according to $s$. He will see that $$\\Delta t = \\frac{\\Delta t'}{\\sqrt{1 - \\beta^2}}$$\nThat's where we have to compare two observers instead of one, and think about how the clocks in two separate frames are synchronized.\nComing back to the question the OP asked, it does matter how clocks are 'ticking' in other frames, when you are comparing some quantity in your frame to the others. That's what the word 'relativity' means. How $S'$ behaves relative to $S$ or vice versa.\nWhen $S'$ tries to measure what $\\Delta t$ is going to be, of course he cares about how the clocks are synchronized in that frame. Because, he is trying to find out how much time has elapsed in the other frame.\n$\\Delta t$ in this context isn't the time that $s$ measures. Instead, it is the time that $s'$ sees has passed for $s$. And how does he 'see' how much time has passed for $s$? By finding out what time the clocks (or stopwatches) in $S$ are showing in between the two events (which includes measuring whether they are synchronized or not to get a better idea), and comparing those values with that of his own clocks.\nSo, that is why it matter to know what is going on in other frames. You may see a lot of bold and italics in this answer, and that is because this is a delicate concept, and you need to know what's going on exactly and not get caught up on the long sentences.", "562" ] ]

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[ [ "Russia’s Volunteer Aid Capacity, On Vivid Display in Krymsk, Is Absent in Dagestan · Global Voices\nLost lives and destroyed livelihoods in Derbent are another reminder of the passivity and incompetence with which Russian authorities respond to disasters.\nThe night before Wednesday, October 10, heavy rain fell on the town of Derbent in Dagestan, a mountainous republic of Russia’s North Caucasus. Water surged through the streets forming flash floods and bringing devastation. According to the local authorities, 6 people died, buried under a mudslide; 320 houses flooded; and around 1,200 townspeople were trapped in the affected areas.\nOn the day of the flood, YouTube user <PERSON> captured the resulting havoc:\nPhotojournalist and blogger <PERSON>, known online as macos [ru], visited Derbent ten days later; his account of what he witnessed can be found on his LiveJournal [ru].\nIn the disaster's aftermath, Dagestani officials visited the houses affected by the flood and deemed them once again habitable. <PERSON>'s report [ru], however, paints a different picture. Some houses were destroyed completely, and many need significant repairs before they could be used as homes again. <PERSON> also describes Derbent locals working tirelessly to clear the roads and remove the mud and stones from their houses.", "148" ], [ "Residents spent over a week cleaning up the town, a task that forced many to abandon their day jobs temporarily.\nThe town's water supply was also damaged, but a cistern with drinking water took days to arrive. In the meantime, residents had no choice but to buy bottled water. Officials finally restored potable water to Derbent a full two weeks after the flood, on October 24, according to a local news source [ru].\nThe locals’ commitment to helping each other stands in stark contrast to the authorities’ apparent indifference. In one of <PERSON>'s photos [ru], a woman and her son can be seen cleaning a house that belongs to their neighbor, an 83-year-old literature teacher who lives alone.\nFlood aftermath in Krymsk, 11 July 2012, photo by <PERSON>, copyright © Demotix.\nIn his account, <PERSON> draws parallels [ru] between the disaster in Derbent and the devastating flood that hit Krymsk earlier this year, where at least 171 people died and thousands of houses were submerged. Several local officials had been fired when citizen complained that authorities failed to warn them of the danger.\nКазалось, что “крымская” история больше никогда не должна повториться: трагедия, всколыхнувшая всю страну, долго была в центре внимания общества. В зону чрезвычайного положения под Краснодаром приезжали политики и чиновники всех мастей, тысячи волонтёров, обычных людей, которые хотели помочь. […]\nТо, что случилось в Дербенте, очень похоже на события в Крымске.", "146" ] ]

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[ [ "Social media companies could be liable for user-generated content in India · Global Voices\nTwitter headquarters in San Francisco, US. Image via Wikimedia Commons by User:FASTILY. CC BY-SA-4.0.\nTwitter found itself outside India's ‘safe harbour’ intermediary liability rules that normally provide legal protection against its user-generated content on June 16. <PERSON>, the Minister of Law and Justice, Electronics and Information Technology and Communications of India, elaborated in a series of tweets on how the company failed to comply with the 2021 Information Technology Rules of the 2000 Indian IT Act. In response, In late June, Indian news outlets the Quint and the Wire filed petitions to the Delhi High Court challenging the constitutional validity of these rules.\nHearing update: Petitions filed by @TheQuint and @thewire_in challenging the validity of Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 are listed before the Delhi High Court. We will observe the proceedings and keep you updated. (1/n) pic.twitter.com/NP8krOES4J\n— Internet Freedom Foundation (IFF) (@internetfreedom) June 28, 2021\nWhile <PERSON> has been highly vocal about Twitter's alleged non-compliance with India's IT Rules, many free-speech activists and civil society representatives suggest that the rules themselves are the problem. The United Nations Special Rapporteurs on freedom of expression, privacy and right of peaceful assembly released a report on June 11 underlining how the rules ‘do not appear to meet the requirements of international law and standards related to the rights to privacy and to freedom of opinion and expression.’\nRead More: How India's new internet regulations will change social media, online news and video streaming\n<PERSON> announced Twitter's noncompliance a few hours after police lodged a report in Ghaziabad in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, where a 72-year-old Muslim man was assaulted by five Hindu nationalist men.", "607" ], [ "Many Twitter users tweeted about this event, and Twitter eventually restricted tweets from 50 users related to this incident by the request from India's IT ministry.\nThere are numerous queries arising as to whether Twitter is entitled to safe harbour provision. However, the simple fact of the matter is that Twitter has failed to comply with the Intermediary Guidelines that came into effect from the 26th of May.\n— <PERSON> (@rsprasad) June 16, 2021\nThis announcement occurred right after Twitter's alleged non-compliance with the IT Rules. The Indian government has repeatedly attempted to have tweets taken down that are critical to the government. <PERSON> and many others affiliated with BJP had in mid-May falsely accused the Indian National Congress of developing a ‘toolkit’ to hurt the image of Indian Prime Minister <PERSON> during India's second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. The Indian government then warned Twitter in mid-May to remove the ‘manipulated media’ flag for tweets by BJP spokesperson <PERSON>. In late May The Delhi Police raided the Twitter office.\nRead More: Twitter vs India: The battle of BJP and Congress over a ‘fake toolkit’ on COVID-19\nThe Centre for Internet and Society, a respected Indian policy research organisation, suggested in a detailed report on intermediary liability in India that Section 69A of the IT Act has been abused by the Indian government as a justification for the removal of content that is constitutionally protected as freedom of expression. The authors of this report fear that the IT Act is undermining social media companies’ ability to protect human rights on their platforms.\nOn June 29, the Indian journalist <PERSON> from the Quint claimed that a police report was filed against Twitter India's Managing Director <PERSON> by the Bajrang Dal, a Hindu nationalist militant organisation. Bajrang Dal, BJP and a range of other right-wing, Hindu nationalist organisations constitute the Sangh Parivar that is led by the paramilitary organisation Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).\nTwitter India Managing Director <PERSON> has been booked under Section 505 (2) of IPC and Section 74 of IT (Amendment) Act 2008 for showing wrong map of India on its website, on complaint of a Bajrang Dal leader in Bulandshahr.#TwitterIndiaMap #TwitterIndia\n— Kashish (@Kashish_singh2) June 28, 2021\nIntermediaries\nProminent international civil society stakeholders such as Mozilla shared their grave concerns about India's IT rules when they came into effect in February 2021, suggesting they are endangering the open internet.\nThe rules are divided into three parts , with the first defining legal terms, including newly coined expressions such as “significant social media intermediaries” (SSMI, such as Facebook and Twitter), and the second and third parts detailing compliances and requirements.", "424" ] ]

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[ [ "How to make side-characters look competent next to the chosen one\nI'm writing a storyline for a game where the forces of evil have humanity cornered. Truly everything seems lost, that is, until our main character decides to step in. Let's call him <PERSON>. The Chosen.\n<PERSON> is extremely strong and has a special ability that's seemingly designed to counter the evil monsters. As a result he defeats enemy after enemy effortlessly, becoming humanity's last hope. He is stationed in a small village on the front lines where he gets to know the villagers and protects them from the monster assaults. Word spreads about his deeds and a second character is introduced: Sir <PERSON>, the Virtuous, Vigilant Paragon of Hope, Knighted by the King, Slayer of Monsters.\n<PERSON> is currently the kingdom's greatest swordsman and leads the royal knights against the forces of evil. He's beloved by the citizens because of how many of them he has saved.", "17" ], [ "He and his army set up camp in the village on order and from that point on <PERSON> serves as the face of the kingdom.\nThe problem is that <PERSON> is only human - he does not have the unique superpowers Chosen like <PERSON> have. He is still very strong, but very strong for a human. After he set up camp the player isn't going to look at him anymore unless he decides to raise his affection level with <PERSON>. <PERSON> only has a single chance to prove himself as the competent knight he is. But I'm afraid that it doesn't matter how many mobs I let him defeat, the player will invariably compare those feats to his own. I can't have him be strong enough to defeat the bosses, the player is supposed to do that on his own.\nWhen he tags along to scout for one of the bosses and he gets swatted aside it doesn't really give the wanted reaction of \"Goodness, that monster is strong!\", but rather something of an \"Haha, silly <PERSON> got defeated again.\" His competence as a swordsman has become an informed attribute. Even if I let him defeat a few monsters on his own he still feels weak because the great <PERSON> kills those in his free time to farm xp.\nI don't want <PERSON> to be strong strong, but I do want the player to acknowledge him. Is there a way to make <PERSON> look like a competent knight without affecting his or <PERSON>'s power level?", "950" ] ]

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[ [ "Upcycle Any Pajama Pants Into Footie Pajama Pants\nIntroduction: Upcycle Any Pajama Pants Into Footie Pajama Pants\nWhat's warmer and comfier than footie pajamas on a cold winter night?! This instructable will help you upcycle your ordinary pajama pants into footie pajama pants. The instructable includes drafting your custom \"footie\" pattern, sewing the pieces together, and attaching the footies to any pants. This instructable will help you make your least favorite pajama pants into your most favorite pajama pants.\nSupplies\n1/2 yard of polar fleece (or 1/4 yard for footie lining and 1/4 yard for footie outer fabric)\n1/4 yard of grippy (sole) fabric\n1/2\" elastic (about 18\", depending on ankle measurement)\nThread\nClips\nSewing Machine and/or serger\nStep 1: Make Sole Pattern Piece\n1. Trace one of your feet (remember which one)\n2. Draw marks 1\" around your traced foot\n3. Connect the marks\n4. Cut this out from the outer line\n5. Trace this onto another piece of paper and cut.\n6. This is your sole pattern piece, and the original will be used to make the upper footie pattern piece next\nStep 2: Make Footie Upper Pattern Piece\n1. Using the piece that you traced your foot originally one, draw a horizontal line a little over halfway down your foot pattern piece. (you can also check where your ankle starts by putting your foot back on the pattern piece and use this as a guide.)\n3. Draw a diagonal line as shown from the original foot trace to the outer of the cut piece\n4. Cut this out, discarding the bottom\n5. Lay this onto another piece of paper and draw a 1\" offset lien all the way around.\n6. Cut out on offset line\nStep 3: Make Ankle Pattern Piece\n1. The ankle pattern piece is a rectangle, with the length going aorund your ankle\n2.Put the upper pattern piece on top of the sole pattern piece\n3. Measure a circle from the bottom of the sole to where the upper lies.\n4.The circumference of this circle is how long you need to cut the ankle pattern pieces\n5. The width should be 4-5\", but you will want to increase the width if your pants are shorter\n6.", "316" ], [ "You should now have all your complete pattern pieces\nStep 4: Cut Fabric\nTrace and cut your pattern pieces onto your fabric as follows:\n1. Sole\n* 2 mirror image pieces in grippy fabric\n* 2 mirror image pieces in lining\n2. Footie Upper\n* 2 mirror image pieces in outer fabric\n* 2 mirror image pieces in lining fabric\n3. Ankle\n* 2 in outer fabric (length going with stretch of fabric)\n* 2 in lining fabric (length going with stretch of fabric)\nStep 5: Sew Upper Fabric to Sole\n1. With right sides together pin the footie upper pieces to the sole pieces, making sure to keep rights and lefts together. There should be extra upper fabric in the middle\n2. Sew or serge around edge\nStep 6: Sew Elastic Onto Ankle Lining\n1. Cut elastic to be a little shorter than your ankle measurement (mine was 9\")\n2. Draw a line down the middle of the wrong side of the fabric on ankle piece\n3. Use a zig-zag stitch to sew the elastic to the fabric, stretching the elastic the length of the fabric while you sew\nStep 7: Sew the Ankle Pieces Closed\n1. Fold the ankle pieces in half with right sides together (note that the elastic should have been sewn on the wrong side of the lining fabric)\n2. Sew along the short edge\nStep 8: Sew Ankle Pieces to Foot Pieces\n1. With the foot piece wrong side out, pin or clip the ankle piece to the foot piece with right side together\n2. The seam of the ankle piece should be lined up with the back of the foot\n3. Serge or sew with a stretch stitch the ankle to the foot\n4. Do this with both outer and lining feet\nStep 9: Complete the Footie\nYou should now have 4 footie pieces\n* 1 right and 1 left of the lining\n* 1 right and 1 left of the outer\n1. Insert the lining into the outer, with wrong sides together\n2. Baste or loosely sew the top edge of the footie ankle pieces together (this will make attaching them to the pants easier)\nStep 10: Attach Footie to Pants\nThe most important part here is to make sure you are attaching the correct side footie to the correct side of the pants, and the foot is facing forward.", "316" ] ]

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[ [ "How'd the fire nation justify its war? Was there some kind of propaganda that the other nations' leaders were corrupt or something?\nHow'd the fire nation justify its war? Was there some kind of propaganda that the other nations' leaders were corrupt or something? Or did they just say, what, 'we can rule better than they can'?\n(This probably is unlikely to not have been discussed before, but my google fu is failing me...)\nThe only parts of the series I remember that talk about the fire nation's justification are in S03E06 (when <PERSON> and <PERSON> talk) and S03E10- S03E11 (when <PERSON> and <PERSON> talk) aaaaand what I remember is pretty much the same as what I've found:\n[atla] How does firelord <PERSON> justify a war against the rest of the world? Also what basis is there for arresting/killing the avatar? by <PERSON>\n* The war was justified for the same reasons imperialism was justified in real life: spreading their wealth and prosperity to the rest of the world. - hateyoualways\n* Before the start of the war the Fire Nation was going through a period of prosperity and <PERSON> had the idea to bring a \"brighter future\" to the rest of the world by expanding the empire.", "590" ], [ "- BW_Bird\nI don't find them complete. How the Hell would anyone just be ok with 'we want it, so we're taking it, even if we're killing innocent government officials and innocent civilians for no reason' ? This is why I asked if there was some kind of propaganda like the other nations' leaders were corrupt or negligent or something in that the fire nation is some kind of 'saviour' of the world.\nI know in the series there are propaganda throughout, but there's not really much detail. Other propaganda is seen in like S03E02 re the fire nation school or the ember island players in S03E17, but what about the propaganda before the war?\nI thought the propaganda would be about, idk, how the earth monarchy is corrupt or how the water tribes are occupying territory that rightfully belongs to the fire nation because of this or that.\nGuess: Or wait...maybe it's implied that there is some kind of propaganda but it's not specific because it's a kids' show, and it's left to the imagination of the viewers 'How is any such war justified?' ?\nHmmm...maybe it's like maths where you can prove a solution exists but you don't know what the solution is.\nBut maybe in the comics there is some explanation that wasn't given in the show?", "239" ] ]

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[ [ "A Soldier's Story\nIt's been forty years since <PERSON> take on the 1981 Pulitzer Prize winning play written by <PERSON> opened. He would also receive an Oscar nod for his screenplay. It was also nominated for Best Picture. <PERSON>, who also starred in the play, gives a well-deserved Oscar nominated performance as a Black Sergeant, who is severely damaged by self-hatred. He takes it out on the Black soldiers he commands. I had only seen him in 1985's \"The Color Purple\" as <PERSON>'s father. He's truly incredible here and is a standout in a film filled with great actors like <PERSON> (the lead), <PERSON>, <PERSON>. <PERSON> and <PERSON> (his first collaboration with <PERSON>).\n<PERSON> plays Captain <PERSON>, who is sent from Washington DC to investigate a murder that appears to be racially motivated. It's a compelling mystery that shows what leads to the murder and the crime itself in flashbacks. It's fairly straightforward in its telling but undeniably powerful given the subject matter and the excellent cast.\n<PERSON>'s performance really effected me.", "378" ], [ "I wanted to know more about him. Unfortunately he dies of a heart attack at age 52 just two years after \"A Soldier's Story's\" release. He was more of a stage actor than a film one. The most random bit of trivia is that he's the voice of the narrator in the Dawn of the Dead trailer. He's got a very distinctive voice. <PERSON> should also be celebrated for his commanding presence. It's almost like he's an extension of <PERSON> Mr <PERSON> from <PERSON>'s \"In the Heat of the Night\". Not so much his personality but the fact that neither man takes any crap from white people.\n*<PERSON> unfortunately passed away due to complications of AIDS at the age of 46. He was most well-known for the TV series version of \"In the Heat of the Night\". Although his breakout was in 1982's \"Ragtime\", in which he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor.", "378" ] ]

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[ [ "Blue Beetle\nThis movie was 10 years too late to be cool.\nThe plot is identical to Ant-Man. A suit is stolen, the main character puts it on and is basically forced to become a superhero. There’s also a villain who is the same as the hero but a different color. Red Beetle! lets gooo!!!\nThe suit is like a mix between iron spider and moon knight.", "387" ], [ "The suit talks to the guy like in homecoming and it covers his body on command like moon knight.\nThe family dynamic is like Ms <PERSON>. Both families are part of a minority group in America and they support the hero by being kind of annoying.\nPossibly the middest movie I’ve ever seen. There was nothing good and also nothing bad. Best DC movie of the year so far!!", "217" ] ]

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[ [ "Would a research team of this size be too small or too big?\nI'm working on a story that would revolve around a research team in a remote setting. They would have supplies so they don't have to leave the area they have to research for about a year. So far I am planing on the team to being composed of both scientist and people they need for support. By this i mean someone who is in charge of security, someone who is responsible for health monitoring and such. The thing is, I am not sure if this would make the team too large.", "248" ], [ "At the moment I am considering a group of 8, 4 being the scientists and 4 being these support people (a member of the military, a doctor, a computer tech, and a communications official). Would this be too much? Too little?\nNote: The group would be isolated for the year, in a very cold setting where they would spend most of their time indoors. Food and supplies all provided so no need for survival skills.\nEditing to answer some points I have in the answers: -Would it being a science fiction setting change the amount you would suggest, @Amadeus and <PERSON>?\n-@DPT yes I have thought of that. The idea started as something being discussed with a friend so I had been a bit hesitant to change some of the characters but I could drop or merge a few (as you mention the doctor I always felt could be merged with one of the main members of the research group)\n-Considering it's a scifi setting, would rotation of the team done from a station or from maybe a cycling of people in stasis be viable?\nStill trying to work this out and as I said it was originally done with someone else and now I am working on it on my own. So maybe the best idea is to scrap most of it and starting over on the character pool? So far only the main character is someone I really would not scrap and mainly change the people around him.Thanks for the advice so far!", "248" ] ]

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[ [ "Ouija: Origin of Evil\nI only remember that I thought the first Oujia movie was terrible so why bother watching the sequel. But to my surprise it was mentioned in a book about ghost stories and even got some praise. First of all, I like the 60's look.", "1004" ], [ "They've added some grain and cigarette burns digitally which is a bit gimmicky but it's not overdone. The movie is more character driven than most of these modern creepy ghost movies and offers a few chilling scenes in the first third. But there are also a lot of cliché things we see in every movie within this subgenre. It's a fine entry though that would have been better without the cheap looking CGI.", "796" ] ]

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[ [ "Initial Set up Fall 1939. The French are a bit under-strength. Surprisingly the Germans are a decent strength on the West Wall.\nOne Small Step (OSS) Games rerelease of 2WW: The War in Europe (2WW) I actually waited for as I never had played the original. I don't even recall it being released (frowny face). In fact, I am at a loss to recall the last strategic level game of this variety I have played. GMT's Triumph and Tragedy ((T & T) was the last one, but it's a vastly different game from 2WW. T & T is a block game, area focused and card driven. The only common touchstone the two games share is they are both about WWII. This was the game I waited for most eagerly of all the new releases from OSS because I don't recall the last time I played a game of this type that seemed to offer so much.\nThe Allies decide to launch a Counter-Attack (dumb idea) to retrieve the situation in Holland and events turn out poorly.\nCOMPONENTS\nI was very pleasantly surprised by the overall curb appeal of the game. Nice thick Cardstock Player Aids. Decent counters. Nice rulebook with graphic examples of play. But it's the map that will catch your attention. It's a mounted map and overall I give it an A-, only due to its darkness and several names being washed out like Baghdad. The visual appeal is like those old SPI games with the Checkerboard Turn Record Chart (TRC) and Area Movement Boxes. They even placed the most critical tables for building and upgrading reduced units on the map. In addition on the TRC, you can track the growth of the Lend Lease Multiplier and when new forces can possibly enter play. I do wish OSS would do something different with their counters - this is my personal taste here. Maybe it's the font. Maybe's it's the flat matte finish. Maybe it's the slightly undersized typed and thinnish counters but why not upgrade them somehow? I would buy optional counters with silhouettes on them for this game, doing say one ME-109, 1 FW-190...\nRULES\nI've been sometimes a bit under thrilled with some of the OSS rulebooks to other games. Some suffered from a lack of proofing. I hammer my graduate students hard for that lack of TLC.", "993" ], [ "Here - we have a Rule Book of 16 pages that is clean as a whistle. Being well proofed sets my mind at ease because it's the first sign that someone reviewed items. In fact I felt pretty comfortable after one read through, but went back to see if there were any booby traps that I missed that were buried in some obscure manner. Nope - good clean and functional rules. I do wish they had included a Reference Page for terms as sometimes the more obscure things like the whole conquering a country routine is hard to find. But I was able to get up and playing, with no real errors on my part.\nGAME PLAY\nWW II strategic games I think are the hardest to get right. There are simply too many aspects to them to not have something go amiss. SPI's WW II was fun, but it had more than several flaws that sunk the game. Avalon Hill's Third Reich was a bit of a mini-monster. To fully enjoy the economic aspects you needed others, which lessened its solitaire suitability. Avalon Hill's reprint of Hitler's War was interesting, highly rated by folks but here's the kicker - no one has found it that worthy to republish. What's interesting is folks liked this when it was published under Game Fix back in the 1990's.\nLike one would expect, you dine on Poland early. Should be easy but this is where you need to pay attention to the game's Combat Chart, nee Combat Results Table (CRT). The CRT has eight different types of combat listed, from ASW combat, to City Bombing to Land combat among others. Normally these charts leave me a bit cool, but I liked this one. But back to the Poles - you need to understand units are 1 or 2 steps and to kill them you need to kill both steps. The only way to ensure that is to increase the number of combat factors in play against in a given attack. Against Poland, not so much of a problem. Western front, more so dependent upon when you attack and the Eastern Front - oh it can be an unmanageable headache.\nFor the Germans, you need to carefully look at your forces. Unlike in War in Europe the old SPI game, your Siegfried Line forces aren't shell units. That allows you to take some huge early risks in play. But in doing so, you might allow the Soviets a freer hand in Eastern Europe than they had historically. You have less than a handful of units and the risk management you have to practice is quite intense.", "993" ] ]

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[ [ "Designing a pneumatic system for consistent pressure/flow\nFellow engineers, I need your help in improving my design for a pneumatic system for maintaining a constant supply of at least 90 PSI and 20 CFM for a particle analyzer with stringent air requirements. Its expected to draw air every 2 seconds. Here's the breakdown of the components used in the setup (in this order). Picture attached.\nA: Bulk water separator. This should help with removing moisture from the air because our plant air is heavily moisture-laden at times.\nB: Particulate filter: 0.01 micron air filter to ensure clean air, free from particles.\nC: Desiccant air dryer: Heat-less desiccant dryer for dry air. -40 C pressure dew point to ensure that there is no further condensation beyond this point and the air stays dry till it makes its way all the way to the analyzer. The dryer is rated for an inlet flow of 45 SCFM. I up-sized it because this is a heat-less dryer so a certain percentage of the air going in to the dryer will be used to regenerate the desiccants as well.", "842" ], [ "The dryer has an in-built filter that will prevent any of the desiccants from leaving the dryer.\nD: Globe valve: This is to contain the flow rate coming out of the dryer. This was suggested to me by another engineer. Since we are filling up a large tank, the air coming out of the dryer could potentially exceed the rated flow rate of the dryer which could damage the desiccants.\nE & F: Check valve and booster pump in parallel. The booster pump is meant to charge the receiver tank to a pressure of 95 - 100 PSI. The check valve is there to reduce the charge time by allowing air to pass through up to the inlet pressure. This could help take some of the burden off of the booster pump so that the pump only cycles when the tank pressure needs to be raised to setpoint.\nG: Air receiver tank: This will help create a reservoir of air that will ensure that the analyzer never has to wait for air. The tank is rated for 200 PSI but I won't be charging it more than 100 PSI. Still debating if I should go with a smaller tank because 80 gallons is an awful lot of volume for the booster to fill.\nH: Filter: To get rid of any of the remaining particles and oil vapors left in the system.\nI: Pressure regulator: To maintain the desired pressure for the equipment\nJ: Equipment - Particle analyzer.\nAny suggestions on improving this design?", "842" ] ]

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[ [ "An example with a fabulous mathematical proof playing the role that your information on a piece of paper played:\nOn the other hand, we have to consider the idea of a consistent causal loop. While equally thought-provoking, this theoretical model of time travel is paradox free. According to physicist <PERSON>, such a loop might play out like this: A math professor travels into the future and steals a groundbreaking math theorem. The professor then gives the theorem to a promising student. Then, that promising student grows up to be the very person from whom the professor stole the theorem to begin with.\nFrom How Time Travel Works, by <PERSON> and <PERSON>\n<PERSON>, in the story \"By His Bootstraps\" also illustrated this kind of causal loop in an \"uncaused\" or \"self-caused\" warning that loops through time. From www.fresian.com's Time Travel Paradoxes page:\nA paradox of time travel arises in relation to this story. The narrator does indeed set himself up \"by his bootstraps\" -- his present and future selves all interact with each other to produce the events. The paradoxical nature of this comes down to the case of a notebook that was provided to the narrator by the older man in the future.", "194" ], [ "It contained a vocabulary of the language that was spoken by people in the future. The narrator learns the language and, as the book wears out over the years, copies it over into a notebook he had fetched from the present. This notebook, as it happens, is the very one he, as the older man, then provides to his other self. He is therefore the same person who both learns the knowledge from the notebook and put the knowledge into the notebook in the first place. The vocabulary as a certain list of items arranged in a certain way was thus complied by no one whatsoever. The knowledge exists in a closed temporal loop and is in an important sense uncaused or uncreated. The narrator himself notes that there is something peculiar about this.\nThere is, of course, a Wikipedia page devoted to time travel paradoxes, and one is the causal loop paradox, or as it is also known the predestination paradox:\nA predestination paradox (also called causal loop, causality loop, and, less frequently, closed loop or closed time loop) is a paradox of time travel that is often used as a convention in science fiction. A temporal causality loop is an event whereby a specific moment in time repeats itself continually inside an independent fragment of time. The paradox occurs when a time traveler is caught in a loop of events that \"predestines\" or \"predates\" him or her to travel back in time.\nIn your example the information on the paper is the predestined traveler.\nIndeed, there is a Wikipedia page devoted to fiction featuring temporal causal loops (although some of the stories on this list are about such causal loops, some of the stories listed there veer towards self-fulfilling prophecy).", "999" ] ]

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[ [ "Heads up, this movie was also released under the Title \"Alien Uprising.\" I live in the States and that's how it is listed in my Netflix.\nThis movie is about a shadow invasion/conquering of earth by Extraterrestrials, where their goal is to minimize collateral damage. I.e. they don't want to destroy the world, only conquer it and rule over us. To this end, they disrupt communication networks to prevent organized resistance. Furthermore, a major threat to causing collateral damage is human panic. No communication prevents wide-spread panic.\nThe story follows 4 friends <PERSON>, <PERSON>, <PERSON>, and <PERSON>'s girl, <PERSON>, as they go clubbing, one picks up a girl, and the next day they wake up to find power, phones, radio, and TV all not working. On the second day, large flying saucers arrive over the cities.\nCarrie (<PERSON>) is the girl <PERSON> (<PERSON>) picks up at the club at the beginning of the movie.\nShe also is an alien/extraterrestrial visitor.\nThe Aliens have been living secretly among us.\nThe soldier (also an alien) guarding the Chemist shop moves to attack and kill the girl who knew he had \"the purple mark,\" presumably to conceal the alien existence.", "829" ], [ "<PERSON> attacks him, which could lead us to believe there are two factions.\nThe friends eventually wind up at <PERSON>'s (<PERSON>'s uncle) place (<PERSON>). <PERSON> is one of those ex-military, knows top secret stuff kind of guys.\nAt the end of the movie, the flying saucers (cylindrical ships) are locked into a space battle with pyramid shaped ships. We also the see soldier who was guarding the Chemist shop back to life. (Or at least a copy of him.)\nSo the way I see it, there are two possible endings here, which are ambiguous.\n(Ending 1) When <PERSON> killed the Soldier in the Chemist shop, she knew she wasn't truly killing him. So when the fighter ships are destroyed, the aliens are destroying ships, but they are not losing any life as they stage this battle for our benefit. The Aliens staged a fake war so that humans could come out of the event feeling like they had won, when in fact, the aliens had quietly assumed power.\n(Ending 2) The aliens are trying to do a shadow take over, but humans have built a massive fleet of space ships, copying technology that has crashed on earth over the years. As the movie concludes, the human space fleet is moving into higher orbit around earth, taking the fight to the enemy.\nI think Ending 1 is much more consistent with the theme of the movie focusing on mankind's capacity for violence, almost as if the movie is passing judgment on mankind and pronouncing him unworthy to continue living.\nI think you could probably come up with some other theories that fit the movie as well. It definitely is not the most clear ending in movie history.", "829" ] ]

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[ [ "Cube bouncing off a wall\nAn elastic cube sliding without friction along a horizontal floor hits a vertical wall with one of its faces parallel to the wall. The coefficient of friction between the wall and the cube is $\\mu$. The angle between the direction of the velocity $v$ of the cube and the wall is $\\alpha$. What will this angle be after the collision (see Figure P.1.3 for a bird's-eye view of the collision)?\nThis is Problem 1.3 in A Guide to Physics Problems, Part 1: Mechanics, Relativity, and Electrodynamics. There are things I don't understand in the solution provided in the book.\nThere are two forces acting on the cube. One is the normal reaction $N(t)$, perpendicular to the wall, and the other is the force of friction $F_{fr}(t)$ parallel to the wall\nWe expect that, as a result of the collision, the cube’s velocity $\\textbf v$ will change to $\\textbf v'$. In the direction perpendicular to the wall, the collision is elastic, i.e., the velocity in the $\\textbf{x}$ direction merely changes sign: $v'_x=-v_x=-v\\sin(\\alpha)$.", "512" ], [ "Therefore, the momentum changes by $-2mv\\sin(\\alpha)$ in the $x$ direction. This change is due to the normal reaction $N(t)$\nSo, according to <PERSON>’s second law: $$\\Delta p_x = -\\int_0^\\tau N(t) dt = -2mv\\sin(\\alpha)$$\nwhere $\\tau$ is the collision time. If there were no friction, the parallel velocity component would not change and the angle would remain the same. However, in the actual case, the $y$ component changes and $$\\Delta p_y = -\\int_0^{\\min(\\tau',\\tau)}F_{fr}(t)=-\\int_0^{\\min(\\tau',\\tau)}\\mu N(t) dt$$\nHere $\\tau'$ is the time at which the velocity $v_y$ goes to $0$. So $$mv_y'=mv_y -\\int_0^{\\min(\\tau',\\tau)}\\mu N(t) dt$$\nThe first thing I can't grasp is why the collision is elastic in the $x$ direction. Admitting this, I'm ok with the equation $\\displaystyle \\Delta p_x = -\\int_0^\\tau N(t) dt = -2mv\\sin(\\alpha)$.\nBesides, I don't get why $\\displaystyle \\Delta p_y = -\\int_0^{\\min(\\tau',\\tau)}F_{fr}(t)$. It looks a lot like the previous equation the author got on the $x$-axis, but I don't understand why he considers $\\tau'$ as the time at which the velocity $v_y$ goes to $0$, and why the upper bound of the integral has to be $\\min(\\tau',\\tau)$.", "512" ] ]

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[ [ "Mermaids\nI absolutely loved this. A coming-of-age film set in the 60s with <PERSON> playing the unconventional mom who moves after every bad relationship, together her two daughters played by <PERSON> and a cute baby <PERSON> (in her big screen debut).\nPlenty of laughs in the first half of the movie as the family settles into their latest move to Eastport.", "883" ], [ "<PERSON> and <PERSON> did a great job of capturing the dynamics of mother and daughter relationship. And no one plays neurotic characters quite as well as <PERSON>.\nIt’s equally poignant and heartfelt as it was hilarious. The Shoop Shoop song and music video is a such treat", "883" ] ]

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[ [ "Steampunk, Moving Gear Bracelet\nIntroduction: Steampunk, Moving Gear Bracelet\nHi all your Favorite Oddity here, showing off one of my favorite builds and eldest the Gear Bracelet.\nSupplies\nIt uses a\nContinuous rotation servo\nadafruit Trinket\na small Battery\nStep 1: P.S.A.\nAlso the Orginal Bracelet came from \"nycdesigner\" On thingaverse\nhttps://www.instructables.com/editInstructable/edi...\nI just motorized it for fun, and added some small edits to make the gears move a better for the motor\nStep 2: Print the Bracelet\nThe bracelet is very easy to print, I sally print it flat, on the print bed with supports. for sizing, I recommend measuring your wrist and making the bracelet about 2 or 5 inches bigger then your wrist, for other humans like myself who have strange wrist, make it as big as you need to, just note you need to fit in the components, and the left over room can be fixed with foam\nStep 3: Clean the Bracelet\nOnce you print the bracelet it will have a lot of supports on it, and some of the supports will be in the gears making it impossible for them to move. to fix this mess of a problem I recommend grabbing a X-acto knife, and slowly and carefully begin cutting off the supports and slicing the supports off the gears. To help with the process I recommend slowly and carefully, after you cut the supports off and around the gears slowly try rotation them, but BE CAREFUL you don't want them to break.\nStep 4: Test\nAfter the gears are good and ready make sure to twist the gear knob to loosen them up a bit. Just keep spinning it until it feels pretty smooth\nStep 5: Dremel\nSo this is where things get interesting.", "646" ], [ "There is a visible whole in the knob gear, using a Dremel, or any fast spinning device, and drill through the knob gear till it comes off. Try to make the whole in the bracelet a bit bigger cause it's where the servo going to go.\nStep 6: Circuit\nThe circuit is pretty simple, Yes I use this circuit often for quick builds\nThe only thing is that I just took out the LEDs and wired the servo directly to the board. I also added a switch for on and off.\nStep 7: Print Enclosure\nIt's shaped to fit with the bracelet and you should be able to easily glue it to the side.\nStep 8: Assembly\nStep #7: Assembly\nThis is pretty much what you should have after following the guide thus far. Shove the controller and wires into the container and glue them.\nStep 9: The Finish\nMake sure you wire the on/off switch on the outside of the container. And if you want to laser cut some foam and glue it to the inside to help hold the bracelet on your wrist.\nStep 10: P.S. Extra\nIt can also Crawl on the floor, its one of my fav things to bring with me to show off.", "259" ] ]

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[ [ "The Batman\nFear is a tool. When that light hits the sky, it’s not just a call.", "919" ], [ "It’s a warning. For them.\nWell folks, It took ‘em that long to realize that a dark, gritty and mysterious superhero based in a dark, gritty and mysterious city should have a dark, gritty and mysterious movie.\nI loved <PERSON> as The Riddler (with his many notes for “The Botmon” 😂), and <PERSON> makes a great <PERSON> (you have to admit he looks a lot like him).\nAnd I know it’s not gonna happen, but I really think this movie should get a bit more real and lose the PG-13.\nAnyhow, I really enjoyed this movie but I believe that <PERSON> adaptation of Batman hasn’t reached its full potential yet.\nI have a feeling it’s gonna be an iconic franchise. Here’s hoping, anyways.", "577" ] ]

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[ [ "Use Cavorite\n<PERSON> The First Men in the Moon introduces a reclusive physicist by the name of <PERSON>, who is working to develop an alloy that can shield against the effects of gravity. He successfully creates the material, dubbed Cavorite. In an early part of the story, a sheet of Cavorite is processed prematurely, and it causes the column of air above it to become weightless; which causes a powerful updraft as the non-weightless air applies enormous pressure on the column; the Cavorite, also weightless, hence shoots itself into space. The main characters are able to devise a system of windows that can negate the shielding that Cavorite applies, which enables them to make a steerable ship.\nCavorite is also featured as a plot point in <PERSON> graphic novel League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, where it is used to create an aerial warship which is unleashed in the climax of Volume I. In it, only a small amount of Cavorite can be used as the power source of an \"engine\" that provides lift for the enormous ship.\nI highly recommend giving League of Extraordinary Gentlemen a look for the aesthetics alone; its setting is that of an enormously amplified Victorian era where late-19th and early-20th century contemporary speculative fiction is real. The movie, on the other hand, is bad and has nothing to do with the comic.\nWhen Cavorite is used without a way to control the shielding, it causes air to escape the Earth's atmosphere. If you had a large enough sheet of it secured to the ground, then given enough time the Earth would be rendered airless and hence lifeless (or not, more on that later).", "300" ], [ "Furthermore, the force applied by atmospheric pressure on the now-weightless air has the potential to be destructive on its own. Ground-based Cavorite installations could, in theory, be used as a form of weather control, as the Cavorite effectively creates a persistent point of low barometric pressure.\nAll of this has a very relevant side-effect: Cavorite can be easily weaponized, but it is also controllable. Cavorite can only be manufactured through a specific process, and any country that wants to make large amounts of it would need to trade for some very specific machinery and materials. Due to this, we have a situation similar to Uranium, as another answer mentioned.\nWhile mass quantities of Cavorite could be used in things like weather control, or power generation or what have you, the consensus is that it's simply too unsafe. This could be explored in a Chernobyl-like accident where a Cavorite power plant's shielding failed, which effectively created a permanent hurricane around the region that made it impossible to re-shield. The storm may rage to this very day. For this reason, it is simply not allowed to have Cavorite present in large concentrations anywhere.\nWhile Cavorite could have many more uses if used in greater quantities, nobody's been foolhardy enough to try it yet; smaller quantities of Cavorite are only really useful in powering airships, so that's what the majority of it is used for.\nIn actuality, the air that is shot out from the Earth's atmosphere would dissipate, and it almost certainly would not have enough speed to escape Earth's gravity altogether, meaning virtually all of the air that gets ejected from the atmosphere would fall back to Earth. But of course, dissipation theory is still in its infancy so it's still widely believed that the accident at the Cavorite power plant could eventually suck all of the air out of the Earth.", "435" ] ]

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[ [ "The 1/6th rule\nIRC allows a notch 1/6th of the depth of a wooden joist (but not within the middle third) on the basis that the joist is sized sufficiently for the stress at midspan, and a 5/6th depth beam in the end thirds is hence sufficient for the lower stress experienced there. Hence a 1/6th depth notch will not affect the design capacity of the joist.\nEngineering\nIn engineering terms it is eminently possible to reinforce a beam such that a deeper notch will not cause the beam to fail. A simple rule applicable in this case is that the maximum stress is proportional to the width of the beam times the depth cubed.\nHence, if you wanted a beam that was 1/2 of the depth of the original beam, then in order to provide the same stress as the original beam would have experienced, you'd need a beam that was 8 times the width!\nLooking at your numbers, and trying to minimise the width as much as possible, I would say:\n* The IRC rules suggest you're allowed a beam depth of 5/6 of 9.5\" = 7.92\".\n* You want a beam that has a depth of 9.5\" - 2.5\" = 7\"\n* Hence your depth is reducing by a factor of 7 / 7.92 = 0.884\n* Hence your breadth needs to increase by a factor of 1 / (0.884^3) = 1.45\nSo attaching a wooden joist to the side which is half as wide as your original beam should be sufficient. Alternatively, by using a steel plate (as you suggested) you would need much less material.\nHowever, there are of course key points that I've missed here. You need to transfer the stress from the original beam into the attachment.", "441" ], [ "You would hence need to design connections to transfer the stress, and over an appropriate length.\nThe real world\nIn most jurisdictions it should be possible for engineering calculations to be carried out, proving that the reinforcement/modification is sufficient. Once the change is then approved by the local authority (on the basis of the calculations), work will then be able to go ahead. I would advise you to either contact a local engineer or contact your local building inspector.\nJoist width vs IRC width\nYou mentioned in one of your edits (since superseded I believe) that the joist was wider than the minimum required by IRC. Possibly this is because the joist is wider and/or longer than suitable for the minimum width. I would hence advise against thinking \"the joist is wider than the minimum width, therefore I can notch deeper\".", "441" ] ]

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[ [ "@Alexander is correct. Let me elaborate.\nDiurnal hemisphere (day side)\n* Extremely hot\n* Little precipitation or clouds (it'll dissolve once the water becomes a liquid) over the continents, but likely a lot above the sea (increased evaporation)\n* Warmer seas. These won't completely evaporate as water will be able to flow in from the cooler regions, replenishing them.\n* Incredible ocean currents. One side of the day zone will always warm, adding water to the sea, while the other will always cool, removing (liquid) water. This is bad news for any inhabitants that want to move with the habitable zone: if they meet an ocean, they'll have to traverse its waters head-on.\n* Little wind, as most areas will have equal pressure\n* Little surface vegetation or surface-dwelling life\n* Don't expect a \"sandy\" desert, expect landforms as usual! Massive amounts of sand come from weathering and erosion, which are area-specific and not necessarily related to temperature.\nNocturnal hemisphere (night side)\n* Extremely cold\n* Little precipitation (it'll be a cold desert, like Antarctica, because all liquid water will fall once it arrives at the edge)\n* Extremely cold seas, with abundant (though not necessarily widespread) ice / glaciers\n* Snow cover. Despite the lack of precipitation, some snow will fall when the region enters the \"cold zone\" and a steady temperature will maintain it. This has an interesting effect: most footprints will be preserved for 4.5 years.\nHabitable belt\n* Extreme wind! Cold and hot air will meet and constantly exchange, resulting in constant and strong currents.\n* Precipitation! The combination of hot and cold fronts, combined with the fact that this is the only place where liquid water will like to exist, will bring torrential downpour.\n* Weathering and erosion will be widespread.", "591" ], [ "Nearly all rainfall happens here, as does The Great Freeze (cracks apart rock) and The Great Melt (moves sediments). This is the best place to reshape the environment quickly.\n* Most plant life will reside here, because water is accessible. Plants will grow at an extreme rate away from the sun and toward newly exposed land, because staying put will mean burning. Alternatively, they will bury their seeds, reviving to grow and reproduce at each intermediate period between the heat and the freeze. Plant roots must adapt, as rapid erosion means less material to hold on to. They must either grow downward constantly to maintain a grip, or grow much further down the first time.\n* Animals will develop an instinct to do the same thing - dig and hide or constantly stay on the move. Anything that can't cross the ocean, go around it, or bury itself is screwed evolutionarily. Flying creatures should be OK.\n* More information can be found here\nPoles\n* Average temperature (always a meeting place of warm and cold air, as opposed to only once every 4.5 years)\n* Heavy precipitation and extreme winds\n* Widespread weathering and erosion\n* Abundant plant and animal life; possibly the best place to start a permanent civilization\nFor a more general overview of winds, see here.", "591" ] ]

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[ [ "Yes, it's ok, but it's an explanation that has been stripped down to bare bones, and leaves out quite a bit. Here's a little more to help prop up the explanation.\nFirst, it's important to realize that in a condensed phase like a solid or liquid the light is not interacting with molecules in isolation. Light is interacting with all of the molecules. This makes a big difference. Light absorbed and re-emitted by a single molecule can go off in (almost) any direction.\nNext, remember that a photon is an excitation of a complete electromagnetic field. It is, unfortunately, often not helpful to think of a photon as a particle that exists at a particular place in space. Like all particles in quantum mechanics, there's a chance that it could exist anywhere. Individual interactions, on the other hand, can occur with a particular molecule at a particular location.\nIt's best to start thinking about your question in the realm of classical physics, and then modify it later to include quantum mechanics. Classically, when light interacts with a molecule, the electron is set into vibrational motion. The energy that the field gave to the molecule will stay with the molecule for a while while this oscillation occurs. The molecule, then, is a radiator and can generate its own light. That's the classical picture of the delay experienced by light during an interaction. After this re-emission, the light will travel at $c$.\nHow does it know to go straight? Here's where we need all the other molecules in the liquid. The incident field has a particular spatial pattern, say a sine pattern, and it excites in the molecules an oscillation pattern that exactly matches.", "969" ], [ "The incident light was traveling in a particular direction with a well-defined phase front, and so too does the pattern of oscillation in the liquid. The light re-emitted from the molecules will also share that same pattern, although it will be delayed in time relative to the incident light. The re-emitted light adds to the portion of the incident light that passes unaffected. But the phase fronts, and hence the direction of travel, is parallel to that of the incident wave. It goes off in the same direction.\nPhotons: Almost the same story. Recall that a photon is an excitation of the light field. Instead of exciting the molecules into oscillation, the molecule temporarily absorbs a quantum of energy from the field (the \"photon\"), and the molecule is raised to an excited state. The molecule lives in this state for a short period of time, and then the energy is returned to the field (\"photon emission\"). But the business about phase fronts and directions still holds. The energy is added to a field propagating in the original direction, slightly delayed.\n(Another detail we're leaving out. The absorption and re-emission I describe is a very fast process called \"virtual transition\". It is fast enough that the uncertainty principle $\\Delta E \\Delta t \\leq \\hbar/2$ allows energy conservation to be temporarily violated. So the frequency of the incident light does not have to match an absorption frequency of the molecule in this process, and the explanation works for transparent media.)\nNote carefully that I refer to a photon as an excitation of the field, rather than as a particle. When the interaction between light and something else occurs at a particular place, as when it hits a particular pixel in a digital camera, it looks for all the world like a particle hit the pixel. But a more useful way of thinking about it is that the light field exists everywhere, but the interaction occurs at a particular place.\nHope that helps!", "795" ] ]

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[ [ "Why is the central difference method dispersing my solution?\nI am solving numerically the ODE $\\ddot x(t)=-c\\dot x(t) -\\sin(x(t))+F\\cdot \\cos(\\omega t), \\;\\dot x(0)=x(0)=0$ for $t\\in [0,20\\pi]$ on an $N=2000$ dimensional grid. I am working on Python, and I replaced the time derivatives by the finite difference operators \\begin{align} \\dot x(t)&=\\frac{x(t+dt)-x(t)}{dt}, & \\ddot x(t) &=\\frac{x(t+dt)-2x(t)+x(t-dt)}{dt^2} \\end{align} Thus, the discretized ODE can be solved by the extrapolation scheme $$x(t+dt) =\\frac 1{1+c\\cdot dt}\\Bigr( x(t)\\bigr(2+c\\cdot dt\\bigr) +x(t-dt) + dt^2\\bigr( -\\sin(x(t))+ F\\cdot \\cos(\\omega t)\\bigr) \\Bigr) $$ I performed this scheme and the result was great. To compare, I also reduced the 2nd order ODE to a system of two 1st order ODE's \\begin{align} \\begin{cases} \\dot x=y\\ \\dot y(t) =-cy(t)-\\sin x(t)+Fcos(\\omega t) \\end{cases} \\end{align} with initial values $(x(0),y(0))=(0,0)$.", "935" ], [ "Solving this system with a Forward-Euler scheme, yields the a solution that starts similar to the first scheme, but is not quite the same. Note that using the Forward-Euler scheme is the same as solving for $x(t+dt)$ after replacing the derivatives by the forward difference operator $f'(t)=\\frac1 {dt}(f(t+dt)-f(t)).$ However, if we rather replace the derivatives with the central difference operator $$f(t)=\\frac{f(t+dt)-f(t-dt)}{2\\cdot dt}, $$ we obtain the following extrapolation scheme: \\begin{align} \\begin{cases} x(t+dt) = x(t-dt)+2\\cdot dt \\cdot y(t)\\ y(t+dt) = y(t-dt) + 2\\cdot dt \\bigr( - c y(t) -\\sin x(t)+ F\\cdot \\cos(\\omega t) \\bigr) \\end{cases} \\end{align} Performing this scheme with values $c=0.05, \\; \\omega = 0.7, \\; F = 0.4$ yields a horrible solution. I do not know what is going on, here are the plots for the solutions obtained in each scheme.\nAlso, here is the code I wrote\n```import numpy as np import matplotlib import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\ntmax = 20 * np.pi tmin = 0 n = 1000 dt = (tmax-tmin)/(n-1) t = np.linspace(0,(n+1)dt,n) c = 0.05 w = 0.7 F = 0.4 x = np.zeros(n) y = np.zeros(n) for i in range(1,n-1): \"\"\" First method \"\"\" x[i+1] = (x[i] * (2+ cdt) - x[i-1] + (dt 2) * (-np.sin(x[i]) \\ + F * np.cos(wt[i])) )/(1+cdt) plt.scatter(t,x,s = 0.5) plt.title('Second order ODE scheme') plt.xlabel('t') plt.ylabel('x') plt.show() plt.close()\nfor i in range(1,n-1): \"\"\" Second method \"\"\"\nx[i+1] = x[i] + dt * y[i] y[i+1] = y[i] + dt * ( - c * y[i] - np.sin(x[i])\\ + F * np.cos(w * t[i])) plt.scatter(t,x,s = 0.5) plt.", "509" ] ]

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[ [ "What @A.C.A.C is getting at is (I think) is speed relative to what?\nThe Earth moves with a speed around the Sun, but that is not an absolute speed, that is a speed relative to the Sun. The Moon has a speed that it orbits the Earth, and another at which it orbits the Sun. I think you are attempting those two together, but those are two different references. You can somewhat do so, and say that you come up with a speed that the moon is orbiting the Sun.\nWe will ignore that in reality the Earth also orbits the Moon part as it it relatively unimportant here, the Moon is at times effective going around the Sun faster than the Earth, but only while its orbital direction matches the Earth's orbital direction around the Sun.", "319" ], [ "Half the time it does not, half the time it is in the other direction, which means at those times it is orbiting the Sun slower than the Earth. If you are talking average speed relative to the Sun, then the Moon has the same average orbital speed on the Sun as the Earth, however, because it is also orbiting Earth it ends up with a slightly longer orbital path, so a slightly higher average orbital speed relative to the Sun.\nBut the, the entire Solar System is also moving in the Galaxy because it is spinning at a much higher speed than the relative orbital speed of the Earth or Moon. Is that in a direction that adds to of subtracts from the Orbital speed? Oh, Wait, not only is the Galaxy is also moving through space at a much higher rate as well, that really makes it complicated in deciding, relative it what is anything moving faster than anything else. You need to set a point of reference first.\nETA: This link may help to the clarified question: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3AOrbit_of_the_Moon\nThis shows a highly exagerated scale what the Earth-Moon orbit around the sun looks like in this image:\nNote that the smooth orbit we think of as Earths is not either, it is a two body system orbiting the sun and the moon and Earth actually orbit a center of gravity between them, it is just much closer to the Earth. The picture again is grossly out of scale.", "393" ] ]

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[ [ "Some of the other answers describe the problem, but not the reason.\ntl,dr: Data was nerfed to make him more appealing to humans. Humor, emotion and this minor language problem, possibly his love for humans was a trick too.\n<PERSON>'s twin homebro, <PERSON>, is pretty much identical to Data. The thing is that he's a robot which is better than humans in every way. That made him pretty arrogant (he is made to be human, emotions included), and that made him disregard humans.\nThat and probably his tendency to lie, trick, make fun of people and demonstrate his superiority made the settlers on the colony he was made (by doctor <PERSON>, genius outcast professor) pretty fucking worried. They really kinda just wanted <PERSON> to turn the thing off.\n<PERSON> was sad, of course, but <PERSON> contacted the \"Cristalline entity\" through kind of vague means. Of course that entity was far superior to humans (Source: Lore). Coincidentally it feeds off the lifeforce of humans, entire planets at the time if it can. It was also really fast, like warp fast. Cool thing. Offtopic more here.\n<PERSON> contact the entity before he was disassembled. <PERSON> made his second robot with deliberately impaired features like his emotional response, as to not frighten the settlers. See also the uncanny valley, on why that might've helped.", "44" ], [ "Seemingly <PERSON> also fixed the extreme evilness that Lore had, possibly through introducing obedience or admiration of humans. Which would explain Data's goal of having the human experience.\nSo: Data was made not to use contractions by <PERSON>, possible just as an unimportant gimmick to make humans like him more. Along with other pinches in his capacities elsewhere, like his understanding of sarcasm, inability to laugh, etc.\nIt was shown that <PERSON> and Data have the same capacities other than in those areas where <PERSON> was \"pinched\". I guess <PERSON> is better as he's not adversarial and delusional, although it makes him illogical in many ways. The superiority discussion, of course, could be done later. One also wonders why there's only two prototypes, given <PERSON> still lives.\nBut hey, that's Star Trek. It works 3 steps of thought more than almost anything else, tells you something about yourself and society without talking about you, and gives you hope for humanity. But a step more the seams start to crack. Why isn't the teleporter all powerfull? Why isn't a superhumancomputerhybrid king of the universe (they actually did that one), etc. Offtopic again. Sorry again. I'm going to stop talking now.", "44" ] ]

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[ [ "SuperSound Noise Cancelling Headphones, Elite Audio, no 91812634168\nThe Elite Audio SuperSound Noise Cancelling Headphones are the newest and best sounding yet headphones, with Bluetooth connection to any device and wireless charging capabilities. These headphones have speakers allowing for amazing audio quality, as well as clear audio at quiet and loud volumes.", "14" ], [ "The noise cancelling capabilities are also able to be turned on to block out any outside distractions. The headphones charge very fast (within 3 hours) and battery lasts up to 12 hours! These headphones also have a sleek and light design, and have cushioning on the sides that will allow for comfortable, all day wear. Warning: Prolonged exposure to loud noise may cause hearing damage.", "14" ] ]

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[ [ "I've had this game for over two months now (almost 3!) and figure it's about time I post a formal review on it. I guess part of my deterrent is that I want the review to be relatively concise, yet descriptive, and wasn't quite sure how to go about doing that. However, I don't feel my experience with the game has truly hit the level it should until this is done, so here we go.\nAs with all my reviews, I rate on 4 different areas of the game (Presentation, Mechanics, Balance, and Playability/Fun). Each area has a rating of between 1-10, where 1 would make you wonder how something like that ever got out of design into production, and a 10 would be nigh-perfect (not necessarily without flaw, but none that are detrimental enough to \"count\").\nThis review is based upon many full games, ranging from a few 3-player games to a couple full-blown 6-player games. Also, this review is based only upon the rules-as-written (including the official \"optional rules\" included in the rulebook itself).\n=== PRESENTATION ===\nOne of the first things that caught my eye about this game was the impressive nature of the box. I first saw it in a store, and was immediately drawn to look into it further. It's size was almost daunting, as the box for it was bigger than any game I'd yet really played. As such, it almost seemed \"out of reach\" for me.\nHowever, the size was a good thing - it showed, visually, the truly epic nature the game itself represents. The artwork on the box was outstanding; it felt like playing the game would truly immerse you into the \"universe\" the game represents.\nIt wasn't until awhile later that I actually acquired the game, and got to see everything contained INSIDE the box for myself. I'd seen photos and pictures, but those never do anything justice. When I finally got the first-hand look, I was not disappointed. The quality of the materials inside the box was every bit as good as the outside. My first thought on the pieces was \"Wow! They sure didn't cut corners on this one!\" And they didn't. Although the game is somewhat pricey, the components themselves seem to be worth every penny; my impression is that the cost is due largely to the high quality of the pieces.", "386" ], [ "And, in many ways, I don't think I'd WANT a \"cheap\" version of the game; anything less than highest-quality would almost detract from the epic nature of the game.\nIncluded in the game are several sheets of excellent quality cardboard. This cardboard has a nice \"finish\" to it, which I understand is a kind of linen-based covering. The texture is just amazing, and the level of detail of the pictures on the cardboard components is outstanding. The cardboard itself is of amazing quality; while obviously they would be subject to damage from things like water, etc, they are very durable, rigid, and are very \"tactile-functional\" (meaning they don't seem slippery or sticky; I had to make up a word to describe it). Punching the cardboard out of the sheets was very satisfactory; while care had to be taken to ensure you don't rip anything, I never had to feel like I was doing heart surgery, either, as most of the pieces popped right out with little effort. And let me tell you, there are a LOT of cardboard bits to the game - 50 something large hexagons for use as the board, meriads of circular counters for various in-game usage, and each race has their own set of nicely shaped (even if oddly shapped in some cases) counters for in-game tracking.\nThe game also came with cards. And when I say cards, I mean LOTS OF CARDS. I can't remember the exact count without looking, but there are a TON. Despite the large number, however, none of them really seem to be extraneous; Every card has a purpose, and it would almost feel \"incomplete\" with less cards. Ranging from Action Cards, Political Cards, Planet Cards and player-specific cards, they are very functional. This brings me to one thing about the game that immediately struck me as something I like (and something I've noticed about a lot of FFG games) - Any in-game tracking can be done completely with the in-game components. Some games require a piece of paper and pencil to keep track of certain things which can often lead to more tedium than fun. In Twilight Imperium, however, this tracking is done via cards to show certain achievements, counters to track certain activities during the game, etc. While there are a few things that may not be directly \"trackable\", those are few, and are easily remembered (as they are usually only of temporary duration anyway).", "336" ] ]

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[ [ "SNEAKY SNAKE OWNER\nMy ten year-old son wanted gerbils, but I didn't want something that required a lot of care, and I was worried about the smell of gerbil litter, so we agreed on a snake. Those can handle some neglect, they stay put, so long as their container is escape-proof, and they don't need to be fed every day. I got him a little corn snake and an aquarium to house it and I agreed to let my son get the supplies for feeding, pleased to see him take responsibility. I (dumbly) assumed that they were fed 'snake pellets' or something like that, so I was shocked to see my son come back with a cage and a family of mice! He wants to raise the mice to feed the snake! Any advice for me?", "345" ] ]

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[ [ "Sun Light takes 1,000/30,000/100,000/170,000/1,000,000 years bouncing around inside to then reach the Earth\nWhen Light (Photon Particle) is generated inside the Sun , it takes a long time to bounce around inside , to later escape and travel outward.\nNeutrinos escape immediately.\nThe numbers for the years trapped inside vary too much. I have included some numbers in the title of this Question. Here is a selection of online articles which I got to highlight the numbers :\nhttps://www.wwu.edu/astro101/a101_sun.shtml :\nEnergy produced in the form of light keeps bouncing around inside the Sun, as though the Sun were made entirely of mirrors.", "840" ], [ "A particle of light can take more than 30,000 years to reach the surface and escape!\nhttps://futurism.com/photons-million-year-journey-center-sun :\nIt can take anywhere from a few thousand to a few million years for one photon to escape.\nhttps://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/august-2014/first-measurement-of-suns-real-time-energy :\nBorexino scientists found measurements using solar neutrinos matched previous measurements using photons, revealing that the sun releases as much energy today as it did 100,000 years ago.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun :\n... Process converts 4 million tons of matter into energy. This energy, which can take between 10,000 and 170,000 years to escape the core, is the Source ...\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Sunlight_and_neutrinos :\nEstimates of the photon travel time range between 10,000 and 170,000 years.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borexino :\n... solar activity has been consistently stable on a 100,000-year scale....\n(1) Why so much variation in Estimates ?\nThe Borexino Measurements Directly use this Number to compare/estimate what the Sunlight would have been X years ago, but the Specific number used is 100,000.\nIt is one thing to report widely ranging numbers , it is another to use a Specific number in calculations to make conclusions.\nLike-wise , there are calculations on when the Sun will expand or when the light will Dim out , again using some Specific number given here.\n(2) In this Case , why do Scientists not calculate with lower bounds & upper bounds , choosing to instead take a Specific number ?", "840" ] ]

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[ [ "Arduino Based Perserverance Rover Model (Fusion 360)\nIntroduction: Arduino Based Perserverance Rover Model (Fusion 360)\nWith NASA's Perserverance Rover recently landing on mars, I had decided to make a functional model of it using cheap parts and 3d printed parts that anyone can make\nI have future plans to make it remote controlled using a bluetooth module and a robotic arm attachement like the real Perserverance rover\nFusion360 fille:\nhttps://drive.google.com/file/d/1nA0JO2aUx77cQdadsd3VJ98wFMZ9qM2Y/view?usp=sharing\nSupplies\nParts:\n* 3D printed parts\n* Skateboard bearing (x 12)\n* Machine screws and screw nuts (x 82)\n* i used 6-32\n* You can cut them to size through the project as needed\n* The ammount you use will depend on if you glue certain parts or not\n* SG90 servo motor(x 4)\n* With horn and screws\n* Yellow dc motor (x 6)\n* https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51C-m4mTFvL._SX342_.jpg\n* Black Electrical tape (optional)\n* Wood board (for main body)\n* 19.5 cm * 64 cm (x 2)\n* 30 cm * 64 cm (x 2)\n* 19.5 cm * 30 cm (x 2)\n* The overall dimensions and thickness can vary for preference.\nElectronics:\n* Yellow dc motors(x 6)\n* SG90 servo motor (x 4)\n* With horn and screws\n* Arduino\n* wire\n* Power supply\n* I used AA batteries, but you can use whatever you want\n* L298N motor driver (at least x 2)\n3D Printed Parts:\n* Body_Connector_BearingScrewCap (x2)\n* Body_Connector_Big_Left\n* Body_Connector_Big_Right\n* Body_Connector_Small_Left\n* Body_Connector_Small_Right\n* Body_Frame_ConnectorMount (x4)\n* Body_Frame_Mount (x2)\n* Wheel_Main_Body_Corner (x4)\n* Wheel_Main_Body_Middle (x2)\n* Wheel_Main_DriveMiterGear (x6)\n* Wheel_Main_SteerGear (x4)\n* Wheel_Steer_Body (x4)\n* Wheel_Steer_DriveGear (x4)\n* Wheel_Tire (x6)\n* Wheel_Tire_MiterGear (x6)\nTools:\n* 3D printer\n* Screw driver\n* Crazy glue\n* Soldering iron\n* depending on how you make the circuit\nStep 1: 3D Print Parts\n3D print the following parts, the ones without a count must simply be printed once:\n* Body_Connector_BearingScrewCap (x2)\n* Body_Connector_Big_Left\n* Body_Connector_Big_Right\n* Body_Connector_Small_Left\n* Body_Connector_Small_Right\n* Body_Frame_ConnectorMount (x4)\n* Body_Frame_Mount (x2)\n* Wheel_Main_Body_Corner (x4)\n* Wheel_Main_Body_Middle (x2)\n* Wheel_Main_DriveMiterGear (x6)\n* Wheel_Main_SteerGear (x4)\n* Wheel_Steer_Body (x4)\n* Wheel_Steer_DriveGear (x4)\n* Wheel_Tire (x6)\n* Wheel_Tire_MiterGear (x6)\nStep 2: Install Screw Nuts\nA lot of the parts contain slots to fit in the Screw Nuts. However depending on your preferences, you might want to glue the parts instead.\nStep 3: Assemble Corner Wheel Drives\n1. Install Yellwo DC Motor:\n2. Attach the yellow dc motor inside the Wheel_Main_Body_Corner 3d printed part.\n3. You can use the screw holes (drill to widen hole if nececary) or glue the part directly as I did.\n4.", "949" ], [ "Install Bearing:\n5. Press fit a skateboard bearing on the little nub.\n6. If loose or for preference, you can glue the bearing directly on.\n7. Add Miter Gear:\n8. Press fit a Wheel_Main_DriveMiterGear on the motor on the side with the bigger hole.\n9.", "226" ] ]

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