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This enables them to go home earlier, with many leaving work at three o'clock in the afternoon.
This allows them to make the most of the remaining daylight.
There is a correlation between higher temperatures and increased levels of violent crime.
There are number of theories for why this is.
One theory is that people are more inclined to go outside during warmer weather, and this increases the number of opportunities for criminals.
Another is that high temperatures cause a physiological response that increases people's irritability, and therefore their likeliness to escalate perceived slights into violence.
There is some research detailing that changes in the weather can affect the behavior of children.
Louise (opera)
Louise is a “musical novel,” or “,” in four acts and five scenes by Gustave Charpentier.
It can be considered an opera.
The composer himself penned the French libretto with contributions from Saint-Pol-Roux, a symbolist poet and inspiration of the surrealists.
It is an atmospheric story of working-class life in Paris, with the city itself invoked along the way: young Louise, a seamstress living with her parents, loves Julien, an artist; she desires freedom, associated in her mind with him and the city.
(Charpentier would later write a sequel, the opera "Julien", describing the artist’s aspirations.)
Musically the work is "verismo".
"Louise" was premiered on 2 February 1900 at the Salle Favart by the Opéra-Comique conducted by André Messager in a production by Albert Carré.
It was successful, reaching its 100th performance just over a year later; the 500th performance at the Opéra-Comique took place on 17 January 1921, and by the early 1950s it had reached over 950 performances.
The opera helped launch the career of the soprano Mary Garden, who sang Louise in Act 3 at the eighth performance.
On 30 April 1900 the Opéra-Comique director Albert Carré gave away 400 seats to Paris dressmakers.
The success in Paris led to productions in Algiers, Brussels, Budapest and Milan in 1901 and in Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Geneva and Stockholm in 1902, followed by other cities.
First seen in New York City at the Manhattan Opera House in 1908, "Louise" was premiered by the Metropolitan Opera on January 15, 1921 (with Geraldine Farrar in the title role and Flora Perini as Gertrude).
It was revived at the Met in a new production in 1930, broadcast twice (in 1939 and 1948), after 1949 it disappeared from the Met repertoire.
The revival of "Louise" at the Opéra-Comique on 28 February 1950, with scenery after maquettes by Utrillo and Géori Boué in the title role, celebrated the 50th anniversary of its creation and the 90th birthday of its composer.
Although it was hoped that Charpentier might conduct the performance, in the end André Cluytens did so, but with the composer conducting the 'Chant de l’apothéose' after the 3rd act.
"Louise" was staged by English National Opera in 1981, and more recently, at the Paris Opera (2008), Duisberg (2008), the Spoleto Festival (2009), the Opéra National du Rhin in Strasbourg and Mulhouse (2009), and Düsseldorf (2010).
There are several recordings, and the opera is still performed today.
The third-act aria 'Depuis le jour' is a popular concert piece that has often been recorded.
"The Parisian home of Louise's parents"
Louise has fallen in love with her neighbor, Julien.
At the opening of the opera, they recall how they met.
Louise's mother interrupts them and vocally expresses her disapproval of Julien.
The exhausted father comes home from work and his wife and daughter implore him to quit the taxing job.
However, he feels that it is his responsibility to provide for his family.
At supper, he reads a letter that Julien left in which he proposed marriage to Louise.
He is indifferent, but the mother is livid and, when Louise stands up for Julien, she slaps Louise across the face.
The peaceful father asks his daughter to sit with him and read the paper.
As she reads about springtime in Paris, she breaks down and cries.
"Scene 1: A street in Paris"
It begins with a prelude that suggests dawn in Paris.
The curtain rises to a bustling scene where people go about their daily routines and comment about life in general.
The Noctambulist enters and calls himself the spirit of the Pleasure of Paris, and then leaves with the daughter of a ragman.
Julien appears with a group of fellow bohemians to show them where Louise works.
He tells them that if her parents do not consent to marriage, he will carry the girl off.
Julien and his companions go off and he sings that the medley of sounds around him is the voice of Paris itself.
Louise and her Mother arrive at the dressmaking store where Louise works (her mother brings her to work everyday).
When the mother leaves, Julien returns.
Louise tells him she loves him, but she loves her parents too much to leave them.
He tries to persuade her to run off with him and she finally agrees to do so soon.
"Scene 2: Inside Louise's place of work"
Louise is being teased by the other seamstresses for being in love.
A band is heard outside and Julien sings a serenade.
The girls admire him for his looks and voice.
Louise quietly slips away – to run off with Julien.
"A cottage overlooking Paris"
The act opens with the opera's most well known aria, "Depuis le jour"; the lovers have moved into a cottage overlooking Paris and in the aria she sings of her happiness with her new existence and with her lover.
A long love duet ensues in which they sing of their love for each other and Paris.
Many Bohemians enter and crown Louise Queen of Montmartre.
The Noctambulist presides as the King of the Fools.
Louise's mother appears and the festivities end.
She tells Louise of her father's illness and that her father creeps into Louise's room in the middle of the night, even though they agreed to regard her as dead.
Even Julien is moved, and he lets Louise leave on the promise she will return whenever she wishes.
"The Parisian home of Louise's parents"
The father has regained his health and spirits.
He is working again, but has come to accept poverty in a philosophical way.
His recovery can be attributed to the return of Louise, whom he takes into his arms and sings a lullaby.
She is not comforted and longs to be with Julien again.
A merry waltz is heard outside and Louise takes it up, singing madly of love and freedom.
Her parents are shocked and her father becomes increasingly angry.
He shouts at Louise and demands that she leave; if that is what she wants, let her go and dance and laugh!
He begins to attack her, but the mother stands in the way.
Louise runs from the room to go back to Julien.
Only then does the father realise what he did.
"Louise, Louise!"
he calls.
She is gone and in despair he shakes his fist at the city that stole his daughter, "Paris!"
he moans and the opera closes.
An abridged version of "Louise" was made into a film in 1939, under the supervision of the composer.
This included spoken dialogue.
The director was Abel Gance.
Louise was played by Grace Moore, Julien by Georges Thill, and the father by André Pernet.
University of St. Thomas (Texas)
The University of St. Thomas (UST or St. Thomas) is a private Catholic university in Greater Houston, Texas.
Founded in 1947 by Basilian Fathers, it is the only Catholic university in the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston.
Its main campus is in Montrose, Houston; St. Mary's Seminary is a separate campus, and it has an additional campus in Conroe.
On June 24, 1944, the Bishop of the Diocese of Galveston, Christopher E. Byrne, entered into an agreement with the Houston-based members of the Congregation of St.
Basil to found a co-educational Roman Catholic university in Houston "as soon as practicable after the War, if possible by 1947."
The Basilian Fathers had previously started several other secondary schools, as well as institutions of higher learning, throughout Texas in the early 20th Century, including St. Thomas High School, also located in Houston.
The first classes at UST began on September 22, 1947 with 57 freshmen and 8 faculty members.
UST graduated its first class on May 31, 1951.
In addition to the Basilian Fathers on staff, there were for some time also several Franciscan Sisters of the Eucharist who reside in the convent on campus.
The order no longer has a presence there, but the Houston Vietnamese Dominican Sisters and the Sisters of Mary Mother of the Eucharist serve in some teaching capacities.
The University is named after St. Thomas Aquinas.
Originally consisting solely of the Link–Lee House on the corner of Montrose and West Alabama, the University has expanded towards the South and West over the last 60 years, establishing itself as a notable landmark in Houston with over 20,000 graduates.
The current expansion plan includes the acquisition and development of the majority of the land comprising 25 city blocks.
Former University President J. Michael Miller, C.S.B.
was appointed on November 25, 2003 by the Pope to preside as Secretary of the Congregation of Catholic Education.
By virtue of this office, Miller was elevated to Archbishop by Pope John Paul II on January 12, 2004.
The University of St. Thomas's main campus is located in the Montrose neighborhood of Neartown.
The campus borders Houston's Museum District and is adjacent to the Menil Collection and the Rothko Chapel.
Many of the University's offices are in houses built in 1930s that are scattered throughout campus.
Some of the buildings are historic including the Link–Lee House.